. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 89. Fig. 99.—Marine cray-fish (Palinurus vulgaris), about natural size. Note.—On the Florida reef nearly every coral head or branch affords protection to one or more cray-fishes, as they are there called. The animals partly undermine them, thus serving the coral by pre- venting the fatal inroads of sand and mud.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Holder, Charles Fr

. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 89. Fig. 99.—Marine cray-fish (Palinurus vulgaris), about natural size. Note.—On the Florida reef nearly every coral head or branch affords protection to one or more cray-fishes, as they are there called. The animals partly undermine them, thus serving the coral by pre- venting the fatal inroads of sand and mud.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Holder, Charles Fr Stock Photo

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. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 89. Fig. 99.—Marine cray-fish (Palinurus vulgaris), about natural size. Note.—On the Florida reef nearly every coral head or branch affords protection to one or more cray-fishes, as they are there called. The animals partly undermine them, thus serving the coral by pre- venting the fatal inroads of sand and mud.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Holder, Charles Frederick, 1851-1915; Holder, Joseph Bassett, 1824-1888, joint author. New York : D. Appleton and company

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RMRCNK28–. Elements of comparative zoology. Zoology. 232 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. These forms live in the sea, feeding on worms, etc., found in the sea-bottom, coming to the shore in spring and early summer to lay their eggs. The horseshoe crabs are without any economic importance, as they are useless as food, but they are extremely interesting to the naturalist, as they are the last remnants of forms which were once abundant in the seas of past times. SUBCLASS II.—ARACHNIDA. With few exceptions, the Arachnids are terrestrial forms. They breathe by internal lungs or by tracheae, and they lack compound eyes.

RMRWRM7J–Elements of comparative zoology (1904) Elements of comparative zoology elementsofcompar1904king Year: 1904 232 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. These forms live in the sea, feeding on worms, etc., found in the sea-bottom, coming to the shore in spring and early summer to lay their eggs. The horseshoe crabs are without any economic importance, as they are useless as food, but they are extremely interesting to the naturalist, as they are the last remnants of forms which were once abundant in the seas of past times. SUBCLASS II.—ARACHNIDA. With few exceptions, the Arachnids are terrestrial forms. They breath

RMRCEAAW–. Elements of zoÃ¶logy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 87. â â [â â Fig. 97.âThe Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), (After Huxley.) natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Holder, Charles Frederick, 1851-1915; Holder, Joseph Bassett, 1824-1888, joint author. New York : D. Appleton and company

RMRCPK80–. Elements of comparative zoology. Zoology. 232 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. These forms live in the sea, feeding on worms, etc., found in the sea-bottom, coming to the shore in spring and early summer to lay their eggs. The horseshoe crabs are without any economic importance, as they are useless as food, but they are extremely interesting to the naturalist, as they are the last remnants of forms which were once abundant in the seas of past times. Subclass II.—Arachnida. With few exceptions, the Arachnids are terrestrial forms. They breathe by internal lungs or by tracheae, and they lack compound eyes.

RMRCEJJ2–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC 95 Order VIII. Merostomata.—The king or horseshoe crabs (Fig. 108) attain a length of two feet, and have a wide geographical range. The last segment of the ab-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Holder, Charles Frederick, 1851-1915; Holder, Joseph Bassett, 1824-1888, joint author. New York : D. Appleton and company

RMRCEN4H–. Elements of zoölogy : a textbook. Zoology. DEC APOD A OR CRABS, LOBSTERS, ETC. 357 garded as the highest members of the Decapods, and together they constitute a great group called the BRACHY- UEA, from the Greek bravhus, short, and oura, a tail. These crustaceans have the hind body or abdomen—popu- larly called the tail—shorter than the cephalo-thorax, and, in a state of rest, brought forward under the latter, where it fits into a groove. In the males, the abdomen is triangular, and furnished at the base with two or four horn-like appendages; in the females, it is wider, and has beneath it f

RMRCEAB8–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 8l of the abdomen (Fig. 85), and are carried about by the mother. When first hatched they are generally in the zoaea stage. The eyes of the zosea (Fig. 87, a) are large and black. From the carapace extends upward a long horn, an- other projecting downward like a tusk. They moult several times, gradually chang- ing to the megalops form (Fig. 87, b), and finally, after successive moults, seek the bottom and assume the adult shape (Fig. 87, c). Order I. Barnacles (Cirripcda).—The barnacles are fixed crustaceans, and partly from this cir- cumstance were

RMRCEAAJ–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 93 denskiold, is the little Metridia armata, that exists in such quantities in the snow on the shores of the Arctic Ocean that persons and ani- mals appear to be walking in fire, the splashes of light presenting a wonderful spectacle. The light is of a bluish-white tint, which in the spectroscope gives a one-colored Labrador-blue spectrum. Oyster-Crabs (Pinnotheres).—These are the delicate forms commonly found in oysters and various bivalve shells, as well as the water- lung of Holothurians (Fig. B 104). While the oyster-crabs find protection in othe

RMRCEABD–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 77 pairs of jointed organs, fitting closely together, their office being to take the food from the claws and prepare it for the stomach. The first pair are the jaws proper, or mandibles, Cephalo-thorax. Abdomen.. Large antenna Mandible Maxilla; Maxillipedesiti (3 Fig. 8i.—Cray-fish seen from the side, with that portion of the carapace re- moved which covers the branchiae, or gills. The appendages of the left side only shown, s, region of stomach ; A, abdominal appendages ; B, bases of the four small legs ; C, base of large claw ; /, " gill-baile

RMRCEN4E–. Elements of zoölogy : a textbook. Zoology. DECAPODA OR CRABS, LOBSTERS, ETC. 359 they pass through soir.e of the forms of the lower crusta- ceans before they 'assume the form which they are to retain (Fig. 483). The same is true of Lobsters and other decapods (see Fig. 484). FIG. 484. A D. American Lobster, Homarus americanus, Edwards—in the larval stage. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, antennula; D, thoracic leg. The movements of Crabs are very curious; as they move forward, backward, sidewise, and obliquely, appar- ently with equal facility. The curious decapods known as Hermit Crabs

RMRCEAAM–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 91 Hermit - Crabs.—In the Hermits, that are either marine or terrestrial, the abdomen is soft (Fig. 100), and to protect it they take possession of empty univalve shells (Fig. 101), or even old tobacco-pipes thrown overboard by sailors,* while others bore into wood, sand, or sponges, the. Fig. 102.—The English edible crab (Cancer pagitrus), natural size. A, dorsal view, with the abdomen extended. B, front view of " face " : as, antennary sternum ; or, orbit; r, rostrum ; i, eyestalk ; 2, antennule ; 3, base of antenna ; 3', free portion o

RMRCEAB0–. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. CRABS, ETC. 85 passes through no metamorphosis. The body is com- pressed, the rostrum distinct from the carapace. Order V. Fourteen-footed Crustaceans {Tetra- decapoda). In this order are the beach-fleas (Fig. 94), so common among the weeds ; the pill-bugs and others living in salt and fresh water. The Idotea phosphorea has an acute tail-piece, and mimics the eel-grass and fucus with its green, gray, and yellow col- ors, at night gleaming with vivid phosphorescence. They live under stones and rock- weed, and when touched curl into a ball. The eggs are held in a