. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. PRAILEA. 209 Key to Species. Stems cylindrie, usually simple 1. F. gracillima Stems globular, more or less eespitose. Seeds puberulent 2. F. grahliana Seeds smooth. Ribs more distinct than in the other species 3. F. pumila Ribs very indistinct. Radial spines 12 to 14 4. F. schilinzkyana Radial spines 5 to 9. Plants usually simple; fruit red 5. F. cataphracta Plants eespitose; fruit black 6. F. pygmaea .,..,.•.• (7. F. caespitosa Uncertain relationship • ^ p knippeliana 1. Frailea gracillima (Lemaire). Echinocactus gracillimus Monville in Lemair

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. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. PRAILEA. 209 Key to Species. Stems cylindrie, usually simple 1. F. gracillima Stems globular, more or less eespitose. Seeds puberulent 2. F. grahliana Seeds smooth. Ribs more distinct than in the other species 3. F. pumila Ribs very indistinct. Radial spines 12 to 14 4. F. schilinzkyana Radial spines 5 to 9. Plants usually simple; fruit red 5. F. cataphracta Plants eespitose; fruit black 6. F. pygmaea ., .., .•.• (7. F. caespitosa Uncertain relationship • ^ p knippeliana 1. Frailea gracillima (Lemaire). Echinocactus gracillimus Monville in Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 24. 1839. Echinocactus pumilus gracillimus Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 394. 1898. Cylindrie, simple, 10 cm. high, 2.5 cm. in diameter, grayish green; ribs about 13, but indistinct, more or less spiraled, tuberculate; areoles small, with a purple blotch beneath each one; radial spines about 16, setaceous, white, 2 mm. long, more or less appressed; central spines 2 to 4, more or less unequal, 4 to 8 mm. long; flowers yellow, 3 cm. long; scales on the ovary and flower-tube woolly and bristly in their axils; fruit 6 mm. in diameter; seeds 1.5 mm. long. Type locality: Not cited. Distribution: Paraguay. Echinocactus gracilis (Forster, Handb. Cact. 304. 1846) is given as a synonym of this species, but was not described. This is probably the E. gracilis Lemaire of collections (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 16. 1900). Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 55, A, as Echinocactus gracillimus. 2. Frailea grahliana (Haage jr.). Echinocactus grahlianus Haage jr. in Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 54. 1899. Cactus grahlianus Kuntze, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 193. 1903. Cespitose; plants small, depressed-globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; ribs about 13, low and indis- tinct; spines all radial, 9 or 10, subulate, appressed, somewhat curved backward, 3.5 mm. long; flowers 4 cm. long, yellowish; fruit 6 mm. in diameter; seeds brown, puberulent. Type locality: Paragua