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Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

<strong>leaf</strong> <strong>sheath</strong> <strong>splitting</strong><br />

9 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

<strong>splitting</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>base</strong><br />

remaining entire and tubular for at least 3 quarters until abscission or marcescence<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

inflorescense position<br />

10 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

interfoliar (at least in bud)<br />

infrafoliar<br />

uncertain<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

inflorescence branches convoluted in bud<br />

2 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

not convoluted<br />

convoluted<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

peduncle length<br />

11 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

shorter than rachis<br />

longer than (or similar <strong>to</strong>) rachis<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

prophyll persistence<br />

11 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

persistent<br />

caducous<br />

uncertain<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

peduncular bract persistence<br />

12 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

persistent<br />

caducous<br />

uncertain<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

peduncular bract length<br />

15 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

longer than prophyll<br />

similar <strong>to</strong> prophyll (or smaller)<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

endocarp sculpture<br />

9 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

none<br />

conspicuous flanges, grooves, ridges<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

endosperm type<br />

18 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

homogeneous<br />

ruminate<br />

uncertain<br />

equivocal


Rhopalostylis baueri<br />

Alsmithia longipes Zona1039<br />

Alsmithia longipes Baker 1180<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Hough & Hubb 1024<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Chapin 55<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> elata Lewis 99-034<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> cagayanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sibuyanensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> philippinensis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> scitula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. nov. Fernando 1624<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> delicatula<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> humilis<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> phillipsii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> macgregorii<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1115<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Baker 1142<br />

Heterospa<strong>the</strong> sp. Banka 2008<br />

Cyphosperma balansae<br />

Lepidorrhachis mooreana<br />

Campecarpus fulcitus<br />

Veillonia alba<br />

Physokentia rosea<br />

Burretiokentia vieillardii<br />

Cyphophoenix nucele<br />

Actinokentia huerlimannii<br />

Kentiopsis oliviformis<br />

Chambeyronia macrocarpa<br />

Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix purpurea<br />

Calyptrocalyx hollrungii<br />

Actinorhytis calapparia<br />

Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides<br />

Ptychococcus paradoxus<br />

Drymophloeus litigiosus<br />

Normanbya normanbyi<br />

Carpentaria acuminata<br />

Wodyetia bifurcata<br />

Balaka longirostris<br />

Solfia samoensis<br />

Veitchia spiralis<br />

Adonidia merrillii<br />

Ptychosperma salomonense<br />

Ponapea palauensis<br />

Brongniartikentia lanuginosa<br />

Clinosperma bracteale<br />

Lavoixia macrocarpa<br />

Cyphokentia macrostachya<br />

Moratia cerifera<br />

Ptychosperma micranthum<br />

Howea belmoreana<br />

Laccospadix australasicus<br />

Linospadix albertisiana<br />

Neoveitchia s<strong>to</strong>rckii<br />

Satakentia liukiuensis<br />

Carpoxylon macrospermum<br />

Alloschmidia glabrata<br />

Basselinia velutina<br />

Hedyscepe canterburyana<br />

Loxococcus rupicola<br />

Acanthophoenix rubra<br />

Tectiphiala ferox<br />

Deckenia nobilis<br />

Roscheria melanochaetes<br />

Verschaffeltia splendida<br />

Hydriastele brassii<br />

Hydriastele beguinii<br />

Hydriastele microspadix<br />

Hydriastele costata<br />

Rhopaloblaste singaporensis<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Heatubun 191<br />

Rhopaloblaste ceramica<br />

Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Maturbongs 650<br />

Rhopaloblaste augusta<br />

Dictyosperma album<br />

Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum<br />

Phoenicophorium borsigianum<br />

Masoala madagascariensis<br />

Nenga pumila var. pachystachya<br />

Pinanga coronata<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Bentinckia condapanna<br />

Oncosperma tigillarium<br />

Clinostigma savoryanum<br />

Cyr<strong>to</strong>stachys renda<br />

Dypsis lutescens<br />

Marojejya darianii<br />

Lemurophoenix halleuxii<br />

Iguanura wallichiana<br />

Pelagodoxa henryana<br />

Sommieria leucophylla<br />

Leopoldinia pulchra<br />

Neonicholsonia watsonii<br />

Asterogyne martiana<br />

Geonoma deversa<br />

Calyptrogyne costatifrons<br />

Pholidostachys pulchra<br />

Manicaria saccifera<br />

Socratea exorrhiza<br />

Podococcus barteri<br />

Chamaerops humilis<br />

eophyll shape<br />

4 <strong>steps</strong><br />

<strong>unordered</strong><br />

bifid<br />

pinnate<br />

entire<br />

uncertain<br />

equivocal

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