SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION - Paulo R. Guimarães Jr.

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NON-RANDOM COEXTINCTIONS IN PHYLOGENETICALLY 

INDEX 

STRUCTURED MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS 

Enrico L. Rezende, Jessica E. Lavabre, Paulo R. Guimarães, Jr., 

Pedro Jordano, and Jordi Bascompte 

DATABASE .................................................................................................................... 2 

METHODS 

 

PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESES ............................................................................... 2 

BRANCH LENGTH DIAGNOSTICS ........................................................................... 4 

PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL ........................................................................................ .5 

POWER ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 7 

MANTEL TEST ....................................................................................................... 8 

TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY AND COEXTINCTION SIMULATIONS ................................ 9 

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 11 

TABLE S1 ............................................................................................................ 14 

FIGURE S1 ........................................................................................................... 16 

FIGURE S2 ........................................................................................................... 17 

FIGURE S3 ........................................................................................................... 18 

PHYLOGENIES (COMMUNITY CODES ARE LISTED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) ............. 19

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DATABASE 

The compressed file Rezende-SD.zip contains an Excel file with the entire database 

listing (i) results from statistical analyses summarized in the main text and the 

supplementary material below, (ii) qualitative and quantitative pollination and frugivory 

interaction matrices employed in this study, (iii) species list with their taxonomic 

information and (iv) references. 

PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESES 

METHODS 

We assembled and analysed one animal and one plant phylogeny per community. 

Phylogenies with less than 10 species and/or too many unresolved nodes were discarded 

due to the low statistical power to detect phylogenetic signal inherent in these 

phylogenetic trees (Blomberg et al. 2003). Although some communities present highly 

divergent groups interacting (e.g., birds and insects as pollinators), we excluded species 

belonging to distant taxonomic groups to avoid comparisons with multiple uncontrolled 

variables (Garland et al. 2005, p. 3024), as distant groups probably differ in many traits 

apart from the one being studied (i.e., in our study, species number of interactions and 

the identity of their interactors). For example, a phylogenetic analyses pooling birds and 

insects in a single phylogeny would assume that phenotypic resemblance between these 

species as pollinators stem from shared evolutionary history. However, birds and insects 

have diverged prior to the evolution of land plants, and most of the phenotypic variation 

between these two major groups probably reflect evolutionary histories absolutely 

independent of pollination. As a result, we obtained 105 phylogenies for the following 

groups: 35 insect phylogenies (Class Insecta; all pollinators), 18 bird phylogenies (Class 

Aves; all frugivores), and 52 angiosperm phylogenies (Infraphylum Angiospermae; 33 

belonging to plant-pollinator and 19 to plant-frugivore networks). 

Except for one small group of birds (see below), all original references depicted 

phylogenetic hypotheses based on DNA sequences (either nuclear or mitochondrial). 

Phylogenies in our study were assembled by hand, and conflicting branching patterns 

were resolved conservatively. To maximize statistical power, we included the maximum 

number of species possible without compromising the quality of the phylogeny: 

unresolved nodes were left as soft politomies, and several species were not included

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given their uncertain phylogenetic position. Some species were included in the tree 

based on their taxonomic affiliation. 

PLANTS 

Plant phylogenies were built employing Phylomatic (Webb and Donoghue 2002), an 

online software that assembles phylogenetic trees for angiosperm families relying on 

taxonomic information, based primarily on the angiosperm phylogeny of Stevens 

(2001). Taxonomic information was obtained from the original studies, or from Index 

Nominum Genericorum Plantarum (http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/ing/ingForm.cfm) and 

Index Nominum Familiarum Plantarum Vascularium (Hoogland and Reveal 2005). To 

build our phylogenies, we employed the conservative tree available in Phylomatic, 

which leaves nodes with less than 80% support as soft politomies. 

INSECTS 

Phylogenetic hypotheses at the family level for insects were based on phylogenies 

available in Tree of Life (2002). We included families for four orders, which encompass 

the majority of insects in pollination networks: Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and 

Coleoptera (.txt files containing the complete phylogenetic information to the family 

level for these orders are available on request). Taxonomic affiliation for each species 

was determined from the original studies, or employing the following nomenclators on 

the web: 

HYMENOPTERA 

The database was developed as part of a PEET grant (Partnerships in Enhancing 

Expertise in Taxonomy) to Norman F. Johnson (Johnson.2@osu.edu). Supported 

by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB-9521648. 

http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu:210/hymenoptera/nomenclator.home_page 

[accessed between February 23 and March 10, 2006] 

LEPIDOPTERA 

Beccaloni, G.W., Scoble, M.J., Robinson, G.S. & Pitkin, B. (eds). (2003). The 

Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). 

http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/perth/lepindex/index.dsml [accessed between 

February 23 and March 10, 2006] 

DIPTERA 

Thompson, F. C. (ed.). (2005). Biosystematic Database of World Diptera, 

Version 7.5. 4 work records (not peer-reviewed material). 

http://www.diptera.org/names [accessed between February 20 and March 10, 

2006]

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BIRDS 

COLEOPTERA 

Pitkin, B. (ed.). (2003). The Coleoptera Collection and Card Index. World Wide 

Web electronic publication. /research-curation/projects/coleoptera/ 

http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/entomology/collections/beetles/index.dsml 

[accessed between February 20 and March 10, 2006] 

Bird phylogenies were built employing several sources of information, attempting to 

assemble our hypotheses according to the best information on avian relations currently 

available. Relations among major avian groups followed Fain and Houde (2004), 

whereas relationships within passerines were based on Barker et al. (2004) and Cibois 

and Cracraft (2004). Relations among a small group of new world tyrants (a total of 7 

spp. in 3 different communities) followed Birdsley (2002), which was the only 

phylogeny not based on DNA sequence data (phylogenetic hypothesis based on 

morphological and behavioral characters). More detailed phylogenetic information for 

some groups was obtained from the following references: 

PASSERINES 

Oscine families (songbirds) – Spicer and Dunipace (2004) 

Fringillidae and Emberezidae – Burns et al. (2002, 2003), Yuri and Mindell 

(2002) and Ericson and Johansson (2003) 

Turdidae – Klicka et al. (2005) 

Trogonidae – Johansson and Ericson (2005) 

Tyrannids – Chesser (2004), Johansson et al. (2002) and Birdsley (2002) 

Corvids – Ericson et al. (2005) and Cicero and Johnson (2001) 

Paradisaea – Nunn and Cracraft (1996) 

Meliphagoidea – Driskell and Christidis (2004) 

Paridae – Gill et al. (2005) 

Sylviidae and Muscicapoidea – Bohning-Gaese et al. (2003) 

Icterus genus – Omland et al. (1999) 

NON-PASSERINES: 

Columbiforms – Johnson (2004) 

Toucans – Barker and Lanyon (2000), Weckstein (2005) and Eberhard and 

Bermingham (2005) 

Woodpeckers – Webb and Moore (2005) 

BRANCH LENGTH DIAGNOSTICS 

We employed the diagnostic test proposed by Garland et al. (1992) to determine the 

statistical adequacy of different arbitrary branch lengths. This computes the correlation 

between the absolute value of each standardized contrast against its standard deviation

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(i.e., the square root of the sum of its branch lengths). The absence of significant trends 

would suggest that contrasts are appropriately standardized (see also Diaz-Uriarte and 

Garland 1996). Three starter branch lengths were tested for the databases of species 

degree and strength: constant branch lengths (all branch lengths set equal to one), and 

arbitrary branch lengths following Grafen (1989) and Pagel (1992). 

For phylogenies with species degree as tip data, none of the three arbitrary 

starter branch lengths were adequate for all 105 phylogenies according to the 

diagnostics. We opted to employ constant branch lengths for the majority of the 

database because the number of phylogenies violating diagnostics was considerably 

lower (whereas 62 phylogenies showed significant trends employing Grafen’s, and 51 

employing Pagel’s, arbitrary branch lengths, only 28 phylogenies showed significant 

trends when all branch lengths were set equal to one; see Database). For the quantitative 

databases, violations occurred on 7 phylogenies with Grafen’s branch lengths, 4 with 

Pagel’s, and 5 with constant branch lengths, respectively. Therefore, we employed 

additional branch length transformations for the phylogenies that violated diagnostics 

strictly for statistical purposes. Arbitrary branch lengths according to Nee (cited in 

Purvis 1995, p. 416), or transforming Nee’s branch lengths with Grafen’s (1989) rho = 

0.5, proved to be adequate for these phylogenies. 

PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 

We tested for the presence of phylogenetic signal on species degree and strength with 

randomization and branch-length-transformation tests (Blomberg et al. 2003). The 

randomization test consists in comparing Mean Square Errors (MSE) of phylogenetic 

Generalized Least-Square regression, obtained from the studied phylogeny, against a 

distribution of MSE obtained when values of species degree or strength have been 

randomly permuted across the tips of the same tree. If the tested MSE is lower than 

MSE of 95% of the permuted datasets, then we conclude that phylogenetic signal is 

statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The amount of phylogenetic signal was 

quantified with the K statistic, which is roughly a fraction of the amount of signal 

present in the dataset over the amount of signal expected from Brownian motion for the 

same tree topology. 

The branch-length-transformation test employs maximum likelihood to 

estimate, under some evolutionary models, the branch length transformation that would 

minimize MSE of the tip dataset, and tests whether the best fitting tree obtained under

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different models of character evolution differs significantly from a star phylogeny (i.e., 

no hierarchical structure). Branch-length transformation tests were performed assuming 

the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of stabilizing selection (OU) and a model in which 

character evolution can accelerate or decelerate (ACDC). Because ACDC models did 

not converge in most cases, we discuss results from the OU model (all analyses are 

included in Supplementary Database for completeness). Although the randomization 

method and the branch-transformation method provide similar information about the 

presence of a phylogenetic signal, applying both techniques can be useful to 

determining how robust our results are and to overcoming limitations inherent to each 

statistical test (below). 

COMPARING P-VALUES AND ESTIMATES OF PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 

It is not straightforward to perform comparisons between different trees and/or tip data 

(Blomberg et al. 2003), hence we adopted two different strategies to perform our 

comparisons. First, when we addressed whether the presence of phylogenetic signal was 

statistically significant, we employed phylogenies with branch lengths that were 

adequate according to diagnostics (in other words, branch lengths varied depending on 

the phylogeny and tip data; i.e., degree or species strength). Although the relationship 

between diagnostics and the randomization test is not clear, results from our database 

suggest that violations of traditional diagnostics can decrease the statistical power to 

detect phylogenetic signal (see also Table 1 in Rezende et al. 2004, and power analyses 

below). For instance, P-values obtained from randomization tests on 28 phylogenies, 

employing branch lengths which were adequate according to diagnostics, were 

significantly lower (paired t-test, t27 = 3.075, P = 0.005) than values obtained for the 

same phylogenies when all branch lengths were set equal to one (which violated 

diagnostics, see above). Accordingly, phylogenetic signal was significant (P < 0.05) in 

10 phylogenies, instead of 4, after branch lengths were appropriately transformed. 

Second, we compared K estimates (roughly the fraction of the amount of signal 

of the real data respect to the expectation assuming Brownian motion) obtained with 

species degree and strength employing the same phylogeny, with branch lengths set 

equal to one for all trees. Because our goal was to perform a pairwise comparison 

between K obtained with these different surrogates for species propensity to interact, we 

opted to employ the same branch lengths for species degree and strength to avoid 

confounding effects associated with different degrees of hierarchy on the starter

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phylogenies (e.g., see eq. 4 in Blomberg et al. 2003). This test would indicate whether a 

more hierarchical phylogeny would consistently fit better one trait than the other, which 

provides insights on which surrogate might be more dependent on evolutionary history. 

POWER ANALYSIS 

How pervasive is the presence of phylogenetic signal across taxa and communities? 

Lack of statistically significant phylogenetic signal may result from (i) the absence of 

any real effect of phylogeny on species propensity to interact, or from (ii) low statistical 

power (1 – Type II error rate) to detect signal if it is present. For this reason, results 

must be interpreted with caution. Although it is possible that phylogenetic signal is not 

present in some communities, statistical power of the randomisation test and branch- 

length-transformation test may be considerably low in some cases, for several reasons. 

First, measurement errors can reduce dramatically the power to detect 

phylogenetic signal, and error is unavoidable in such a large scale study, despite the 

efforts to minimize it. Measurement errors in this study may have occurred at several 

different levels: during the estimation of species interactions, during species 

identification, taxonomic classification and/or the phylogenetic position of particular 

species or clades may be inaccurate, arbitrary branch lengths, etc. In addition, estimates 

of species degree and strength may be biased (e.g., researchers exclude species wihtout 

interactions from their networks, although their close relatives may present several 

interactions), and this might affect the power to detect signal. 

Second, not surprisingly, the power to detect signal is lower for phylogenies 

with low number of species. Statistical power to detect phylogenetic signal with the 

randomisation test decreases from 0.8 for sample sizes of 20 species to less than 0.4 for 

10 species (see Fig. 2 in Blomberg et al. 2003). There is some evidence that we might 

be underestimating the presence of phylogenetic signal because of decreased power at 

lower sample sizes. For instance, the proportion of phylogenies with significant signal is 

substantially higher in the subset of phylogenies with larger sample sizes (N > 50) than 

in the database as a whole (50 % versus 32%). In addition, the slopes of linear 

regressions of K versus sample size differ significantly between phylogenies where 

significant phylogenetic signal has been detected versus those without significant signal 

(Fig. S1), and suggest that K should be disproportionally larger at lower sample sizes in 

order to attain significance (results remain qualitatively identical after removing the 

potentially influential point with K = 2.14). Accordingly, a multiple regression of log

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(P-value + 1) on log (number of species N) and log K, reproducing the analyses of 

Blomberg et al. (2003) with our data, supports that N and K are significant negative 

predictors of the probability of rejecting absence of signal as the null hypothesis (log N: 

F = 86.9, P < 0.001; log K: F = 74.1, P > 0.001). 

Third, the nature of the data itself. Species degree and strength are discrete data, 

and neither are normally distributed (for several of the matrices analysed here, the 

distribution of species degree and species strength are highly skewed; Jordano et al. 

2003, Bascompte et al. 2006). Consequently, the statistical power of the randomisation 

test should be lower simply because several species share the same tip data (e.g., 

Database). To test this hypothesis, we first simulated 100 datasets under Brownian 

motion on eight phylogenies of our database and estimated the statistical power to 

detect phylogenetic signal as described in Blomberg et al. (2003). We then sorted the tip 

data of each simulated dataset, replaced these value by the sorted degree values of the 

real set of species (obtaining 100 datasets with phylogenetic signal and the same degree 

distribution of the tested phylogeny), and estimated statistical power again. As 

expected, departures from normality and the discrete nature of the data decreased 

statistical power in most cases, and the magnitude of this effect varied considerably 

between datasets (from no effect up to a 46 % decrease in power, Fig. S2). 

Differences in statistical power between datasets probably stem from the 

interaction of several factors, such as the phylogeny size, topology (e.g. degree of 

hierarchy and number of unresolved nodes) and the frequency distribution of tip data. 

Controlling for the effects of these factors can be cumbersome and possibly misleading, 

hence we opted for a conservative strategy of employing a critical significance level of 

! = 0.05. Nevertheless, because the Type II error rates for the randomisation rates are 

considerably higher than Type I error rates, and the amount of signal estimated as K, d 

or g (see original paper) is considerably low in most cases, we are confident that results 

reported in our study are conservative. 

MANTEL TEST 

We used Mantel tests to compare phylogenetic distance matrices with matrices of 

ecological distances between species. Phylogenetic distance between pairs of plants (or 

animals) was estimated as the expected covariance of the trait between the two species 

(Blomberg et al. 2003; Garland et al. 2005). Ecological distance was calculated as 1-S, 

where S is the Jaccard index of similarity obtained from qualitative interaction matrices

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(Lengendre and Legendre 1998). The similarity between two species, i and j, is defined 

as S(i, j)=a/(a+b+c), where a, b, and c represent the number of shared interacting 

species, the number of interactions specific to species i, and the number of interactions 

exclusive to species j, respectively. 

Because differences in degree affect Jaccard estimates, we also performed partial 

Mantel tests controlling for degree (the pairwise distance in degree was calculated as the 

absolute difference in degree between two species). Hence, this partial test can discern 

whether phylogeny affects strictly with whom species interact, independently of the 

total number of interactions of each species. Because partial Mantel test can inflate 

Type I error rates (e.g., Raufaste and Rousset 2001, Castellano and Balleto 2002), 

employing different null models may be more appropriate depending on the 

characteristics of the data (Legendre 2000). We performed permutations of the residuals 

and of the raw data for all phylogenies (the second method was suggested by Legendre 

[2000] to avoid increased Type I error rates associated with data skewness), employing 

the software developed by Bonnet and Van de Peer (2002). Because all results were 

qualitatively identical, we report values obtained with permutation of residuals. 

TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY AND COEXTINCTION SIMULATIONS 

As a surrogate for phylogenetic diversity, we estimated taxonomic diversity of plants 

and animals in the largest available phylogenies (23 plant and 27 pollinator phylogenies 

with more than 30 species, and 15 bird phylogenies with more than 15 species; see 

Supplementary Methods). Briefly, path length weights between species increase as they 

are more distantly related taxonomically (i.e., species of the same genus have a distance 

of 1 whereas species from different genera within the same family have a distance of 2, 

and so on), generating a matrix of pairwise taxonomic distances. The mean taxonomic 

distance between all species was employed as an index of taxonomic diversity in 

subsequent regressions (Clarke and Warwick 1998). 

Extinction cascades were simulated for the 10 largest communities (all having 

more than 40 animal and plant species) with available taxonomic affiliation, following 

Memmott et al. (2004). After one species is removed, species left without any 

interaction go coextinct. Species removal started from the most specialized (least- 

linked) to the most generalized (most-linked) species, which was proposed as a more 

plausible extinction sequence because specialist species tend to be less abundant than 

generalists (Jordano et al. 2003; Memmott et al. 2004; Vázquez and Aizen 2004).

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After an extinction cascade, we calculated the decrease of taxonomic diversity of 

the real community respect to the expected decrease in the absence of phylogenetic 

signal. This was done by replicating the coextinction cascade after randomizing the 

taxonomic affiliation of species going coextinct (i.e., nodes remain unchanged but their 

“name tags” are shuffled). This null model removes effects of phylogenetic relatedness 

(Blomberg et al. 2003) controlling for network structure and species number. The 

relative taxonomic diversity is the ratio between real and null values, and the average 

rate of taxonomic loss per community is the slope of a linear regression with an 

intercept forced through 1 (i.e., real values and the null expectation are equal when no 

species are removed).

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TABLE S1 

Summary for the 59 communities studied, listing results of randomisation analyses (K), regular Mantel (Z) and partial Mantel tests (Zpartial) 

performed separately for plants and animals (105 phylogenies total). P-values of zero actually indicate P < 0.001. 

PLANTS ANIMALS 

CODE Pol/Frug N sp. 

Plants a 

N sp. 

Animals a 

ARR1 P 84 / 84 101 / 97 0.307 0.084 0.035 0.068 0.08 0.001 0.224 0.168 0.152 0.001 0.145 0.001 A 

ARR2 P 43 / 43 64 / 60 0.358 0.246 0.076 0.046 0.116 0.005 0.24 0.12 0.192 0.001 0.194 0.001 PA 

ARR3 P 36 / 36 25 / 23 0.43 0.116 -0.05 0.147 -0.01 0.572 0.242 0.793 0.247 0.001 0.225 0.001 A 

BAHE P 12 / 12 102 / 91 0.479 0.484 -0.12 0.802 -0.12 0.785 0.307 0.015 -0.02 0.784 -0.01 0.611 

BAIR F 7 / - 21 / 21 - - - - - - 0.283 0.463 0.084 0.13 0.185 0.006 

BEEH F 31 / 31 9 / - 0.268 0.982 0.053 0.137 0.055 0.163 - - - - - - 

CACG F 25 / 23 16 / 15 0.45 0.494 0.055 0.197 0.155 0.021 0.279 0.981 0.11 0.154 0.195 0.004 

CACI F 34 / 33 20 / 20 0.389 0.4 0.06 0.078 0.12 0.006 0.475 0.114 -0.04 0.666 0.078 0.206 

CACO F 25 / 23 13 / 13 0.466 0.162 0.101 0.07 0.124 0.046 0.541 0.154 0.129 0.125 -0.15 0.903 

CAFR F 21 / 21 15 / 15 0.424 0.455 -0.12 0.959 0 0.505 0.32 0.753 0.148 0.093 0.233 0.003 

CLLO P 96 / 96 275 / 246 0.255 0.067 0.018 0.196 0.015 0.214 0.228 0 0.095 0.001 0.13 0.001 A 

CROM F 72 / 71 7 / - 0.3 0.014 0 0.569 -0.12 0.99 - - - - - - 

DIHI P 17 / 17 61 / 58 0.349 0.894 0.117 0.118 0.115 0.129 0.322 0.088 0.116 0.002 0.031 0.239 A 

DISH P 16 / 16 36 / 34 0.317 0.397 0.077 0.185 0.112 0.113 0.4 0.232 0.166 0.002 0.134 0.003 A 

DUPO P 11 / 11 38 / 36 0.57 0.322 0.04 0.394 0.069 0.301 0.315 0.792 0.099 0.011 0.086 0.041 A 

EOL P 24 / 24 118 / 112 0.433 0.079 0.054 0.192 0.054 0.18 0.197 0.24 0.019 0.117 0.007 0.386 

EOLZ P 31 / 31 76 / 74 0.499 0.02 0.092 0.052 0.089 0.055 0.222 0.01 0.082 0.001 0.085 0.001 A 

ESKI P 14 / 14 13 / 12 0.422 0.732 0.065 0.276 0.115 0.146 0.448 0.518 0.062 0.314 -0.07 0.657 

FROS F 16 / 16 10 / - 2.14 0.016 0.5 0.001 0.334 0.001 - - - - - - 

GEN1 F 7 / - 18 / 17 - - - - - - 0.911 0.021 0.344 0.002 0.113 0.109 

GEN2 F 35 / 34 29 / 28 0.412 0.128 0.088 0.028 0.105 0.013 0.525 0.041 0.269 0.001 0.269 0.001 PA 

HAMM F 45 / 43 19 / 16 0.281 0.087 0.328 0.001 0.361 0.001 0.502 0.189 0.534 0.001 0.293 0.002 PA 

HERR P 26 / 26 179 / 164 0.435 0.183 0.094 0.06 0.098 0.073 0.227 0.047 0.173 0.001 0.159 0.001 A 

HOCK P 29 / 29 81 / 72 0.532 0.011 0.133 0.008 0.151 0.003 0.257 0.129 0.11 0.002 0.049 0.039 PA 

HRAT F 16 / 16 16 / 16 0.531 0.394 0.033 0.347 0.208 0.013 0.396 0.259 0.116 0.106 -0.01 0.523 

INPK P 42 / 42 85 / 80 0.363 0.666 0.091 0.067 0.063 0.106 0.178 0.752 0.068 0.002 0.066 0.003 A 

KANT F 5 / - 27 / 27 - - - - - - 0.346 0.281 0.05 0.194 -0.11 0.971 

KEVN P 20 / 20 91 / 75 0.525 0.072 0 0.489 0.006 0.394 0.21 0.126 0.122 0.001 0.055 0.036 A 

KT90 # P 91 / 91 679 / 101 0.261 0.155 -0.03 0.926 -0.02 0.846 0.252 0.267 - - - - 

LAMB F 25 / - 61 / 61 - - - - - - 0.303 0.001 0.083 0.002 0.05 0.042 

LOPE F 19 / 17 8 / - 0.337 0.51 -0.13 0.93 -0.19 0.924 - - - - - - 

MACK F 32 / 32 32 / 32 0.292 0.382 -0.09 0.957 -0.05 0.811 0.3 0.181 0.147 0.002 0.215 0.001 A 

K PK Z PZ Zpartial PZpartial K PK Z PZ Zpartial PZpartial Pl_An b

5956 

MED1 P 21 / 21 45 / 43 0.386 0.253 -0.02 0.604 -0.01 0.557 0.332 0.014 0.136 0.014 0.098 0.048 A 

MED2 P 23 / 23 72 / 68 0.435 0.64 0.012 0.394 0.031 0.286 0.252 0.313 0.049 0.049 0.061 0.032 A 

MEMM P 25 / 25 79 / 42 0.454 0.124 0.147 0.028 0.159 0.021 0.31 0.313 0.174 0.001 0.21 0.001 PA 

MOMA P 11 / 11 18 / 17 0.466 0.67 -0.17 0.893 -0.13 0.758 0.28 0.607 0.321 0.001 0.355 0.001 A 

MONT F 170 / 168 40 / 39 0.175 0.842 -0.02 0.947 0.004 0.401 0.231 0.265 0.069 0.037 0 0.536 A 

MOTT P 13 / 13 44 / 42 0.537 0.212 -0.02 0.579 0.018 0.428 0.398 0.477 0.011 0.376 0.027 0.212 

MULL P 105 / 105 54 / 39 0.246 0.392 -0.02 0.7 0.025 0.173 0.316 0.175 -0.06 0.936 -0.04 0.859 

NCOR F 25 / 25 33 / 33 0.243 0.66 -0.02 0.653 0.047 0.223 0.301 0.018 0.053 0.13 0.135 0.001 

NNOG F 18 / 18 28 / 28 0.335 0.486 -0.1 0.865 -0.05 0.739 0.28 0.077 0.042 0.212 0.176 0.001 

OFLO P 10 / 10 12 / - 0.632 0.231 0.272 0.023 0.379 0.007 - - - - - - 

OFST P 7 / - 42 / 39 - - - - - - 0.302 0.237 -0.05 0.946 -0.07 0.912 

OLAU P 29 / 29 55 / 54 0.251 0.65 -0.08 0.929 -0.04 0.249 0.311 0.12 0.137 0.001 0.099 0.004 A 

OLLE P 9 / - 56 / 39 - - - - - - 0.257 0.677 0.053 0.16 -0.07 0.856 

PERC P 61 / 61 36 / 31 0.342 0.046 -0.06 0.99 -0.02 0.728 0.337 0.122 0.359 0.001 0.328 0.001 A 

PRAP P 18 / 18 60 / 53 0.876 0.007 0.147 0.021 0.21 0.008 0.21 0.327 0.045 0.076 0.052 0.077 P 

PRCA P 41 / 41 139 / 131 0.323 0.18 0.134 0.022 0.133 0.009 0.239 0.004 0.115 0.001 0.133 0.001 PA 

PRCG P 49 / 49 118 / 111 0.243 0.477 -0.02 0.66 -0.04 0.816 0.246 0.016 0.073 0.002 0.1 0.001 A 

PTND # P 131 / 131 666 / 68 0.268 0.01 0.074 0.001 0.094 0.001 0.245 0.114 - - - - 

RABR P 33 / 33 53 / 46 0.498 0.043 0.056 0.153 0.103 0.046 0.3 0.311 0.055 0.045 0.056 0.043 A 

RMRZ P 48 / 48 49 / 46 0.408 0.024 0.022 0.272 0.01 0.4 0.437 0.031 0.103 0.001 0.176 0.001 A 

SAPF F 27 / 27 8 / - 0.416 0.275 -0.09 0.789 0.075 0.209 - - - - - - 

SCHM P 7 / - 33 / 32 - - - - - - 0.539 0.069 0.131 0.004 -0.01 0.559 

SMAL P 13 / 13 34 / 32 0.712 0.148 0.566 0.002 0.519 0.001 0.417 0.022 0.015 0.389 -0.03 0.651 P 

SMRA P 26 / 26 130 / 122 0.483 0.02 0 0.496 0.131 0.01 0.342 0.001 0.051 0.001 0.026 0.116 A 

SNOW F 50 / 48 14 / 14 0.466 0.086 0.163 0.001 0.233 0.001 0.948 0.008 0.118 0.126 0.223 0.016 P 

WES F 207 / 206 110 / 80 0.277 0.006 0.085 0.001 0.094 0.001 0.178 0.486 0.164 0.001 0.162 0.001 PA 

WYTH F 11 / 11 14 / 14 0.552 0.689 0.152 0.122 0.224 0.046 0.306 0.824 0.091 0.176 0.034 0.381 

a 

Listed as number of species on the original matrix / number of species included in the phylogeny. 

b 

List of which phylogenies (P = plants, A = animals, PA = both) were significantly correlated with ecological distances, according to regular 

Mantel tests (main text, Fig. 4). 

# Randomisation tests for animal phylogenies were performed on families averages because the original number of species was extremely large, 

Mantel tests were not performed.

5956 

K statistic 

3 

1 

0.5 

0.1 

P < 0.05 

P = n.s. 

FIGURES 

10 100 

Comparison between slopes: 

F 1,101 = 8.268, P < 0.005 

Number of species 

Figure S1. Relationship between K statistics and number of species per phylogeny, comparing the 

slopes of linear regressions (in a log-log scale) between phylogenies where significant phylogenetic 

signal was detected (P < 0.05) versus those where signal was not significant. 

 

400

5956 

Statistical power 

1.0 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 

Number of species 

Simulated data 

Degree from dataset 

Figure S2. Estimates of statistical power of the randomization test, employing continuous 

simulated data and the degree distribution of the real dataset (see text for details). Phylogenies 

employed here were, in increasing order of size: PRAP (plant), SAPF (plant), OLAU (plant), 

NCOR (animal), PRCA (plant), WES (animal) and ARR1 (plant).

5956 

CLLO 

PRCG 

SMRA 

Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Diptera 

Lepidoptera Diptera 

Coleoptera Lepidoptera Diptera 

Randomization Mantel 

Community Taxonomic Number of K P Z P 

group species 

CLLO Hymenoptera 135 0.258 0.002 0.060 0.011 

Lepidoptera 37 0.352 0.177 0.110 0.007 

Diptera 67 0.302 0.462 0.049 0.075 

PRCG Lepidoptera 29 0.703 < 0.001 0.171 0.081 

Diptera 52 0.325 0.037 -0.006 0.508 

SMRA Coleoptera 47 0.371 0.248 -0.013 0.565 

Lepidoptera 21 0.797 0.008 0.133 0.044 

Diptera 52 0.254 0.138 0.031 0.268 

Figure S3. Assessing the magnitude and significance of phylogenetic effects within major 

taxonomic groups in three insect (pollinator) species. Only groups with more than 20 spp. were 

analyzed. Results from randomization and Mantel tests are listed on the table at the bottom (results 

for the entire communities are listed in Table S1).

5956 

COMMUNITY ARR1 – Pollination 

Buprestidae sp. 

Coleoptera ni sp. 

Lithurgomma wagen 

Coelioxys sp1 

Megachile semi 

Megachile sp1 

Megachile sp 2 

Anthidium chilensis 

Anthidium.f 

Anthidium gayi 

Anthidium decapsilum 

Anthidium adriani 

Bombus dahlbomii 

Mesonychium gayi 

Isepeolus ni 

Svastrides melanura 

Centris cineraria 

Centris nigerrima 

Centris sp 

Alloscirtetica sp1 

Alloscirtetica rufitarsis 

Alloscirtetica gayi 

Anthophora incerta 

Anthophora sp1 

Tapinotaspis caerulea 

Tapinotaspis herbsti 

Panur sp1 

Liphanthus sabulosus 

Liphanthus sp1 


Cadeguala occidentalis 

Caupolicana dimidiata 

Chilimelissa sp1 

Hemicolletes ruiz 

Chilicola sp.1 

Chilicola sp2 

Colletes aruacariae 

Colletes fulvipes 

Colletes sp1 

Xanthocolletes sicheli 

Xanthocolletes incahuasi 

Xanthocolletes sp 

Ruizantheda mut 

Dialectus sp 

Corynurus sp 

Caenohalictus sp1 



Elaphroptera relicta 

Vespidae 

Hypodynerus sp1 



Andinus venustus 

Pseudolucia chilensis 

Etcheverrius ch 

Faunula leuco 

Yramea lathonoides 

Auca coctei 

Hypsochila wagen 

Phulia nymphula 

Tatochila mercedis 

Tatochila sp 

Sarcophagidae sp.1 

Tachinidae sp1 

Ruiziella luctuosa 

Chaetodemoticus chilensis 

Spathipalpus ph 

Vibrissomyia sp 

Prosopochaeta caliginosa 

Prosopochaeta sp. 

Muscidae sp.1 

Anthomyiidae sp2 


Agromyzidae sp1 


Euryglos ph 

Scaeva mel 

Habromyia lipo 

Eristalis tenax 

Lycophlaeba lug 

Truphloechus bellus 

Bombyliidae 

Villa spp. 

Villa hypoxantha 

Villa verdensis 

Villa semifus 

Villa flavicura 

Villa arenari 

Villa durvillei 

Villa gai 

Villa guttapennis 

Dasybasis sp1 

Scaptia atra 

Tabanidae 

Bibionidae sp1 


PHYLOGENIES 

AN_ARR1 PL_ARR1 

Alstroemeria pallida 

Nothoscordum andinum 

Solenomelus sisyrinchium 

Sisyrinchium arenarium 

Sisyrinchium junceum 

Sisyrinchium philippii 

Tristagma sessile 

Leucocoryne pauciflora 

Leucocoryne ixioides 

Hippeastrum uni 

Rhodophiala montana 

Barneoudia chilensis 

Berberis empetrifolia 

Berberis montana 

Quinchamalium chilensis 

Cerastium arvense 

Trichocereus ch 

Calandrinia affinis 

Calandrinia uspallatensis 

Erodium cicutarium 

Viviania marifolia 

Oenothera acaulis 

Clarkia tenella 

Oxalis cinerea 

Oxalis geminata 

Oxalis sp 

Euphorbia portulacoides 

Malesherbia linearifolius 

Lathyrus subandinus 

Anarthrophyllum cumingii 

Lupinus microcarpus 

Adesmia conferta 

Adesmia radicifolia 

Adesmia aconcaguensis 

Adesmia brachy 

Adesmia exilis 

Adesmia montana 

Astragalus curvicaulis 

Astragalus sp 

Tetraglochin alatum 

Acaena pinn 

Tropaeolum sessilifolium 

Tropaeolum polyph 

Tropaeolum tricolor 

Lepidium suffruticosum 

Cardamine nivalis 

Collomia biflora 

Scyphanthus elegans 

Loasa heterophylla 

Loasa sigmoidea 

Cynoglossum 

Phacelia secunda 

Stachys albi 

Verbena scoparia 

Calceolaria montana 

Calceolaria arac 

Calceolaria biflora 

Calceolaria indet 

Solanum tomatillo 

Salpiglossis sp 

Schizanthus grahamii 

Valeriana gracileps 

Asteriscium aemocarp 

Sanicula graveolens 

Mulinum spinosum 

Bowlesia tropaeolifolia 

Madia sativa 

Leuceria landbeckii 

Nardophyllum lanatum 

Nassauvia heterophylla 

Chuquiraga oppositifolia 

Hypochoeris 

Perezia carthamoides 

Chaetanthera euphrasioides 

Chaetanthera microphylla 

Senecio bustillosianus 

Senecio erucaeformis 

Senecio francisci 

Senecio lithostaurus 

Haplopappus sericeus 

Haplopappus chysanthemifolius 

Mutisia sinuata 

Mutisia acerosa 

Mutisia subulata

5956 


AN_ARR2 

Coleoptera ni sp 

Caenohal sp1 


Alloscirtetica sp1 

Alloscirtetica rufitarsis 

Centris nigerrima 

Centris cineraria 

Centris cana 

Anthidium sp1 

Anthidium funereum 

Megachile semirufa 2 

Mega sp1 

Megachile sp5 

Megachile sp2 

Megachile sp4 

Megachile semirufa 1 

Panurgidae sp1 

Chilicola sp1 

Colletes fulvipes 

Colletes sp1 

Gayella reedi 

Vespidae 




Andinus ve 



Tatochila sp 


Yramea modesta 

Etcheverrius ch 

Faunula leuco 

Yramea lathonoides 

Auca coc 


Sarcophagidae sp1 



Ateloglutus sp 

Spathipalpus ph 

Prosopochaeta caliginosa 

Prosopochaeta sp 





Scaeva mel 

Habromyia lipoflava 

Lycophlaeba lugu 

Bombyliidae sp1 

Villa verdensis 

Villa spp. 

Villa gai 

Villa hypoxantha 

Villa arenari 

Villa flavicura 

Villa semifus 

Tabanidae sp1 

Dasybasis sp1 

PL_ARR2 

Nothoscordum andinum 

Tristagama bivalva 

Berberis empetrifolia 

Ranunculus peduncularis 


Cerastium montioides 


Calandrinia sericea 

Calandrinia dianthoides 

Oxalis compacta 

Oxalis geminata 

Oxalis cinerea 

Euphorbia portulacoides 

Viola philippii 

Astragalus curvicaulis 

Anarthrophyllum cumingii 

Anarthrophyllum gayanum 

Acaena pinnatifida 

Discaria nana 


Stenodraba st 


Loasa caespitosa 

Calceolaria biflora 

Calceolaria arachnoides 

Sanicula graveolens 

L. acaulis 

Azorella monantha 

Azorella bolacina 

Chuquiraga oppositifolia 

Werneria pygmaea 

Erigeron andicola 

Mutisia sinuata 

Chaetanthera euphrasioides 

Chaetanthera pusilla 

Chaetanthera apiculata 

Senecio erucaeformis 

Senecio 

Senecio bustillosianus 


Nassauvia heterophylla 

Nassauvia axillaris 

Nassauvia pungens

5956 


Coleoptera ni sp 


Anthidium sp1 

Stenanthidium espinosai 

Megachile sp5 

Megachile semirufa 

Andinus venustus 


Hypsochila wagen 



Yramea mod 

Faunula leu 

Cynthia terpsichore 

Dasybasis sp 

Sarcophagidae 

Tachinidae 


Scaeva mel 

AN_ARR3 PL_ARR3 

Habromyia lipoflava 

Syrphidae 

Bombyliidae sp1 

Villa spp 

Ranunculus peduncularis 


Calandrinia caespitosa 

Calandrinia occulta 

Calandrinia picta 

Calandrinia sericea 

Oxalis compacta 

Oxalis sp 

Viola atropurpurea 

Viola montagnei 

Viola philippii 

Acaena pinnatifida 

Adesmia cap 

Adesmia glomerula 

Nototriche compacta 



Draba tenuis 

Draba gilliesii 

Loasa caespitosa 

Caiophora coronata 

Phacelia secunda 

Oreopolus glacialis 

Junellia uniflora 

Valeriana radicalis 

L. acaulis 

Azorella madreporica 

Pozoa coriacea 


Leucheria salina 

Erigeron andicola 

Chaetanthera lyco 

Chaetanthera flabellata 

Nassauvia lagascae 

Nassauvia pungens 

Nassauvia pinni

5956 

COMMUNITY BAHE – Pollination 

AN_BAHE 

Anthonomus sp. 

Orsodacne atra 

Acmaeopsoides rufula 

Evodinus monticola 

Judolia montivagans 

Pidonia ruficolis 

Trachysida aspera 

Anthaxia expansa 

Dalopius sp. 

Cantharis sp. 

Eusphalerum convexum 

Eusphalerum phothos 

Eusphalerum sp. 

Zaraea americana 

Psithyrus sp. 

Bombus perplexus 

Bombus ternarius 

Bombus terricola 

Bombus vagans 

Nomada cuneata 

Nomada sayi 

Osmia lignaria 

Osmia proxima 

Osmia pumila 

Andrena melanochroa 

Andrena miranda 

Andrena nivalis 

Andrena rufosignata 

Andrena sigmundi 

Andrena thaspii 

Andrena wheeleri 

Andrena wilkella 

Andrena w-scripta 

Hylaeus basalis 

Hylaeus ellipticus 

Hylaeus stevensi 

Sphecodes sp. 

Dialictus cressoni 

Dialictus imitatus 

Dialictus sp. 

Evylaeus divergens 

Evylaeus quebecensis 

Halictus confusus 

Halictus rubicundus 

Passaloecus sp. 

Rhopalum sp. 

Ancistrocerus sp. 

Vespula arenaria 

Phalaenophana pyramusalis 

Poanes hobomok 

Pieris napi 

Celastrina argiolus 

Lygus refidorsus 

Tychius stephensi 

Paramyia nitens 

Sarcophaga nearctica 

Eremomyioides setosa 

Pegohylemyia fugax 

Eudasyphora cyanicolor 

Phaonia serva 

Mallota posticata 

Melagyna lasiophthalma 

Melanostoma sp. 

Orthoneura pulchella 

Parasyrphus relictus 

Pyrophaena rosarum 

Tropidia quadrata 

Carposcalis confusus 

Carposcalis obscura 

Chalcosyrphus curvarius 

Chalcosyrphus inarmatus 

Chalcosyrphus memorum 

Chalcosyrphus nigra 

Cheilosia pallipes 

Cheilosia sialia 

Cheilosia slossonae 

Cheilosia tristis 

Sphaerophoria bifurcata 

Sphaerophoria longipilosa 

Sphaerophoria sp. 

Syritta pipiens 

Syritta rectus 

Temnostoma alternans 

Temnostoma balyras 

Temnostoma barberi 

Xylota bigelowi 

 

Xylota hinei 

Xylota sp. 

Eclimus harrisi 

 

Bombylius major 

Bombylius pigmaeus 

PL_BAHE 

Cypripedium acaule 

Trillium undulatum 

Maianthemum canadense 

Medeola virginiana 

Clintonia borealis 

Oxalis montana 

Cornus canadensis 

Trientalis borealis 

Pyrola secunda 

Chimaphila umbellata 

Aralia nudicaulis 

Linnaea borealis

5956 

COMMUNITY BAIR – Frugivory 

Zenaidura macroura 

Vireo olivaceus 

Carpodacus purpureus 

Cardinalis cardinalis 

Dendroica coronata 

Pipilo erythophtalmus 

Zonotrichia albicollis 

Junco hyemalis 

Euphagus carolinus 

Quiscalus quiscula 

Bombycilla cedrorum 

Turdus migratorius 

Catharus guttata 

Mimus polyglottos 

Sturnus vulgaris 

Parus atricapillus 

Parus bicolor 

Colaptes auratus 

Melanerpes carolinensis 

Picoides pubescens 

Picoides villosus 

AN_BAIR PL_BAIR 

(not included in analyses) 

Smilax rotundifolia 

Lindera benzoin 

Vitis spp. 

Celastrus orbiculatus 

Rhus radicans 

Cornus florida 

Lonicera japonica

5956 

COMMUNITY BEEH – Frugivory 

Parotia lawesii 

Epimachus albertisii 

Diphyllodes magnificus 

Lophorina superba 

Ptiloris magnificus 

Paradisaea raggiana 

Paradisaea rudolphi 

Manucodia keraudrenii 

Manucodia chalybatus 

AN_BEEH PL_BEEH 

(not included in analysis) 

Pandanus 

Zingiberaceae 

Piper 

Myristica 

Elmerrillia 

Uvaria 

Cissus hypoglauca 

C. aristata 

Syzygium 

Sloanea aberrans 

S. sogerensis 

Homalanthus 

Glochidion 

Endospermum 

Aporusa 

Ficus drupacea 

Ficus gul 

Ficus odoardi 

Ficus 202 

Ficus 181 

Ficus 217 

Ficus 246 

Ficus 275 

Ficus 371 

Sterculia 

Aglaia 

Chisocheton 

Dysoxylum 

Canthium 

Gastonia 

Schefflera

5956 

COMMUNITY CACG – Frugivory 

Zenaida zenaida 

Columba squamosa 

Todus mexicanus 

Vireo altiloquous 

Tyrannus dominicensis 

Icterus dominicensis 

Molothrus bonariensis 

Euphonia musica 

Spindalis portoricensis 

Nesospingus speculiferus 

Coereba flaveola 

Tiaris bicolor 

Loxigilla portoricensis 

Margarops fuscatus 

Turdus plumbeus 

AN_CACG PL_CACG 

Anthurium scandens 

Ocotea leucoxylon 

Phoradendron spp. 

Myrcia splendens 

Henriettea fascicularis 

Miconia affinis 

Miconia prasina 

Miconia serrulata 

Alchornea latifolia 

Casearia arborea 

Clusia rosea 

Byrsonima coriacea 

Inga laurina 

Inga vera 

Cecropia schreberiana 

Ficus 

Guarea guidonia 

Cupania americana 

Myrsine coriacea 

Tournefortia hisutissima 

Psychotria berteroana 

Schefflera morototoni 

Dendropanax arboreus

5956 

COMMUNITY CACI – Frugivory 

AN_CACI 

Zenaida asiatica 


Todus mexicanus 

Melanerpes portoricensis 


Vireo flavirostris 

Vireo latimeri 

Myarchus antillarum 

Tyrannus caudifasciatus 





Dendroica caerulescens 

Dendroica tigrina 




Tiaris bicolor 


PL_CACI 

Piper 


Philodendron angustatum 

Tillandsia 

Musa acuminata 

Dendropemon bicolor 

Phoradendron 

Buchenavia capitata 

Syzygium jambos 

Henriettea fascicularis 

Miconia affinis 

Miconia racemosa 

Miconia serrulata 


Casearia arborea 

Clusia rosea 

Momordica charantia 

Andira inermis 

Inga laurina 

Inga vera 


Ficus 


Citrus sinensis 

Zanthoxylum martinicensis 

Myrsine coriacea 

Cordia sulcata 

Solanum rugosum 

Coffea arabica 

Palicourea crocea 

Palicourea guianensis 



5956 

COMMUNITY CACO – Frugivory 







Molothrus bonariensis 







AN_CACO PL_CACO 


Roystonea borinquena 

Ocotea coriacea 

Persea americana 

Guapira fragrans 

Dendropemon bicolor 

Phoradendron spp. 

Syzygium malaccensis 


Hieronyma clusioides 

Clusia gundlachi 

Clusia rosea 


Ficus 

Cupania americana 

Zanthoxylum martinicensis 


Comocladia glabra 

Bursera simaruba 

Petitia dominguensis 

Marcgravia rectiflora 

Chrysophyllum argenteum 

 

Ardisia

5956 

COMMUNITY CAFR – Frugivory 

AN_CAFR 


Melanerpes portoricensis 



Vireo flavirostris 











PL_CAFR 

Roystonea borinquena 

Musa acuminata 

Ocotea floribunda 

Piper amalaga 

Phytolacca rivinoides 

Miconia laevigatta 

Miconia prasina 


Casearia sylvestris 

Inga vera 



Ficus spp. 


Citrus sinensis 

Murraya paniculata 

Tournefortia hisutissima 


Solanum rugosum 



5956 

COMMUNITY CLLO– Pollination 

AN_CLLO * 

next page 

Trichius affinis 

Trichodes ornatus 

Mordella melaena 

Litargus apicalis opuntiae 

Tetraopes sp 

Acmaeops longicornis 

Acmaeops pratensis 

Anthophora [5 spp.] 

Apis mellifira 

bombus [17 spp.] 

Bombomelecta fulvida 

Ceratina sp. 

Epeolus helianthi 

Nomada sp. 

Pseudomelecta californica miranda 

Triepeolus helianthi grandior 

Clisodon sp. 

Clisodon terminalis 

Psithyrus ashtoni 

Psithyrus consultus 

Psithyrus fernaldae 

Psithyrus insularis 

Anthidium tenuiflorae 

Coelioxys moesta 

Heriades gracilior 

Megachile [8 spp.] 

Osmia [19 spp.] 

Titusella pronitens 

Monumetha albifrons 

Monumetha argentifrons 

Andrena [14 spp.] 

Panurginus cressoniellus 

Panurginus sp. 

Colletes [5 spp.] 

Prosopis [9 spp.] 

Halictus [9 spp.] 

Sphecodes sophiae 

Agapostemon coloradensis 

Agapostemon splendens 

Agapostemon sp. 

Oxybelus sp. 

Sphex vulgaris 

Bembix spinolae 

Protothyreopus dilectus 

Solenius sp. 

Ectemius montanus 

Ectemius muricatus 

Ancistrocerus sp. 

Pseudomasaris vespoides 

Odynerus annulatus 

Dolichovespula arctica 

Dolichovespula diabolica 

Vespa germanica 

Vespa occidentalis 

Gonochrysis densa 

Omalus sp. 

Tetrachrysis lauta 

Glypta sp. 

Apanteles sp. 

Bracon helena 

Bracon vulgaris 

Sterictophora sp. 

Tenthredella flavomarginis 

Tenthredella unicincta 

Leptura chrysocoma 

Synanthedon albicornis 

Chrysophanus helloides 

Chrysophanus rubidus 

Chrysophanus sirius 

Lycaena glaucon 

Lycaena pseudargiolus 

Basilarchia weidemeyeri 

Lemonias nubigena wheeleri 

Lygus pratensis 

Pyrameis atlanta 

Scada opinator 

Coenonympha pamphiloides 

Satyrus charon 

Brenthis helena 

Brenthis triclaris 

Argynnis atlantis 

Argynnis eurynome 

Melitaea whitneyi 

Melitaea sp. 

Nathalis iole 

Colias alexandra 

Colias edwardsi 

Colias keewaydina 

Colias scudderi 

Papilio rutulus 

Parnassius clodius 

Parnassius smintheus 

Erynnis leonardus snowi 

Atrytone taxiles 

Thanaos martialis 

Thanaos propertius 

Gnophaela vermiculata 

Pompiloides sp. 

Ctenucha sp. 

Hyloicus separatus 

Protoparce quinquemaculatus 

PL_CLLO 

Calochortus gunnisoni 

Tradescantia virginiana 

Ibidium strictum 

Iris missouriensis 

Allium recurvatum 

Capnoides aureum 

Delphinium scopulorum 

Thalictrum fendleri 

Aconitum columbianum 

Caltha leptosepala 

Aquilegia brevistyla 

Aquilegia coerulea 

Polygonum bistorta 

Silene acaulis 

Silene halli 

Jamesia americana 

Sedum stenopetalum 

Clementsia rhodantha 

Geranium caespitosum 

Geranium richardsoni 

Pachylophus caespitosus 

Chamaeneriom angustifolium 

Onagra biennis 

Aragallus lamberti 

Lathyrus ornatus 

Thermopsis montana 

Trifolium dasyphyllum 

Astragalus drummondi 

Petalostemon candidus 

Petalostemon purpureus 

Geum rivale 

Rosa acicularis 

Fragaria vesca 

Opulaster opulifolius 

Holodiscus dumosus 

Drymocallis fissa 

Sieversia ciliata 

Sieversia turbinata 

Prunus demissa 

Prunus pennsylvanica 

Prunus virginiana 

Dasyphora fruticosa 

Potentilla arguta 

Potentilla gracilis 

Potentilla pulcherrima 

Rubus deliciosus 

Rubus strigosus 

Malvastrum coccineum 

Cleome serrulata 

Stanleya pinnatifida 

Erysimum asperum 

Draba aurea 

Mentzelia multiflora 

Gilia aggregata 

Dodecatheon meadia 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 

Physaria didymocarpa 

Phacelia heterophylla 

Lappula floribunda 

Lithospermum canescens 

Mertensia pratensis 

Mertensia sibirica 

Galium boreale 

Frasera speciosa 

Gentiana parryi 

Apocynum androsaemifolium 

Asclepias halli 

Asclepias speciosa 

Linaria vulgaris 

Monarda fistulosa 

Scutellaria resinosa 

Pedicularis parryi 

Pedicularis racemosa 

Elephantella groenlandica 

Castilleja miniata 

Penstemon halli 

Penstemon secundiflorus 

Penstemon unilateralis 

Penstemon glaber 

Penstemon glaucus 

Penstemon gracilis 

Heracleum lanatum 

Sambucus racemosa 

Valeriana edulis 

Campanula rotundifolia 

Achillea millefolium 

Oreochrysum parryi 

Chrysopsis villosa 

Solidago missouriensis 

Carduus hookerianus 

Rydbergia grandilfora 

Taraxacum officinale 

Aster foliaceus 

Helianthus petiolaris 

Erigeron macranthus 

Erigeron uniflorus

5956 

Community CLLO (continued) 

Tabanus rhombicus 

Panzeria radicum 

Peleteria robusta 

Ptilodexia harpasa 

Echinomyia algens 

Echinomyia decias 

Epalpus bicolor 

Epalpus rufus 

Calliphora vomitoria 

Phormia camillus 

Phormia regina 

Trichopticus septentrionalis 

Anthomyia sp. 

Phorbia fusciceps 

Zodion pygmaeum 

Trypeta occidentalis 

Arctophila flagrans 

Eristalis [7 spp.] 

Hammerschmidtia ferruginea 

Heringia salix 

Mallota flavoterminata 

Microdon cothurnatus 

Paragus bicolor 

Sphaerophoria cylindrica 

Specomyia vittata 

Syrphus [5 spp.] 


Temnostoma aequale 

Chrysogaster parva 

Chrysotoxum integrum 

Chrysotoxum upsilon 

Chrysotoxum ventricosum 

Chilosia petulca 

Chilosia tristis 

Pieris protodice 

Pieris sisymbri 

Pipiza sp. 

Pipiza vanduzeei 

Volucella rufomaculata 

Volucella satur 

Xylota angustiventris 

Xylota flavitibia 

Xylota nigra 

Dasyllis fernaldi 

Anthrax [8 spp.] 

Bombylius atriceps 

Systoechus vulgaris 

Exoprosopa caliptera 

Exoprosopa divisa 

Exoprosopa volucris 

AN_CLLO * 

* Obs: large politomies within genera were removed for clarity (but were included in analyses). 

Number of congeneric species included as soft politomies are shown within brackets.

5956 

COMMUNITY CROM – Frugivory 

AN_CROM 


Columba leucomela 

Macropygia amboinensis 

Ducula spilorrhoa 

Ptilinopus magnificus 

Ptilinopus regina 

Ptilinopus superbus 

PL_CROM 

Pothos 

Freycinetia excelsa 

Flagellaria sp. 

Calamus sp. 

Archontophoenix alexandrae 

Piper sp. 

Myristica muelleri 

Cananga odorata 

Rauwenhoffia leichardtii 

Tetrasynandra laxiflora 

Neolitsea dealbata 

Cinnamomun laubatii 

Endiandra hypotephra 

Endiandra muelleri 

Litsea leefeana 

Litsea bindoniana 

Litsea glutinosa 

Cryptocarya hypospodia 

Cryptocarya mackinnoniana 

Cryptocarya sp. 

Hakea laurina 

Helicia nortoniana 

Hibbertia scandens 

Dendrophthoe falcata 

Notothixos subarueus 

Cissus hypoglauca 

Cissus sterculifolius 

Terminalia sericocarpa 

Pilidiostigma tropicum 

Eugenia johnsonii 

Eugenia sp. 

Aceratium megalospermun 

Elaeocarpus largiflorens 

Elaeocarpus grahamii 

Elaeocarpus grandis 

Elaeocarpus arnhemicus 

Breynia stipitata 

Homalanthus populifolius 

Glochidion ferdinandii 

Planchonella obovoidea 

Planchonella obovata 

Planchonella xerocarpa 

Alphitonia whitei 

Ficus destruens 

Ficus virens 

Ficus leptoclada 

Canarium australianum 

Ganophyllum faloatum 

Euodia xanthoxyloides 

Melia asederach 

Dysoxylum micranthum 

Dysoxylum oppositifolium 

Dysoxylum sp. 

Embelia sp. 

Symplocos etawellii 

Symplocos paucistamineus 

Citronella emythii 

Gomphandra australiana 

Strychnos colubrina 

Morinda jasminioides 

Canthium coprosmoides 

Antirhea tenuiflora 

Linociera ramiflora 

Clerodendrum traceyanum 

Gmelina fasciculiflora 

Lantana camara 

Solanum torvum 

Solanum viride 

Kissodendron australianum 

Tieghemopanax elegans 

Tieghemopanax murrayi

5956 

COMMUNITY DIHI – Pollination 

AN_DIHI 

Rhagonycha fulva 

Malachius viridus 

Megachile willughbiella 

Psithyrus vest 

Bombus terr luc 

Bombus hortorum 

Bombus lapidarius 

Bombus pascuorum 

Bombus pratorum 

Andrena haemorrhoa 

Andrena pubescens 

Andrena wilkella 

Lasioglossum calceatum 

Lasioglossum leucozonium 

Lasioglossum villosulum 

Adela rufimatrella 

Zygaena filipendulae 

Lycaena phlaeas 

Polyommatus icarus 

Lasiommata megera 

Maniola jurtina 

Pyronia tithonus 

Thymelicus sp. 

Ochlodes venata 

Oligia sp. 

Autographa 

Empis livida 

Tetanocera ferruginea 

Eriothrix rufomaculatus 

Sarcophaga sp. 

Pollenia sp 

Scathophaga stercoraria 

Phaonia incarna 


Cheilosia albitarsis 

Chrysogaster sp 

Eristalinus sepulcharius 

Lejogaster splendida 


Meliscaeva 

Neoascia tenur 

Parhelophilus sp 

Platycheirus 



Syrphus sp 

Tropidia scitta 

Eristalis intricarius 

Eristalis nemorum 

Eristalis pertinax 


Helophilus sp. 

Helophilus trivittatus 

Rhagio tringarius 

Chloromyia formosa 

Nemotelus pantherinus 

Odontomyia tigrina 

Odontomyia viridula 

PL_DIHI 

Ranunculus acris 

Lychnis flos-cucculi 

Lathyrus pratensis 

Lotus corniculatus 

Vicia cracca 

Vicia sativa 

Trifolium dubium 

Trifolium pratense 

Trifolium repens 

Prunella vulgaris 

Plantago lanceolata 


Leucanthemum vulgare 

Cirsium arvense 


Hypochoeris radicata 

Centaurea nigra

5956 

COMMUNITY DISH – Pollination 

AN_DISH 

Cephus pygmaeus 

Andrena chrysosceles 

Andrena pubescens 

Anthophora plumipes 

Apis mellifera 

Psithyrus vest 




Bombus pratorum 

Bombus terr luc 

Lasioglossum calceatum 

Lasioglossum villosulum 

Empis livida 

Scathophaga stercoraria 

Eriothrix rufomaculatus 

Pollenia sp 

Sarcophaga sp. 

Cheilosia bergenstammi 

Episyrphus balteatus 

Helophilus sp. 


Meliscaeva 

Platycheirus 


Syrphus sp 

Tropidia scitta 

Volucella bombylans 

Eristalis intricarius 

Eristalis nemorum 


Panemeria tenebrata 



PL_DISH 

Orchis morio 

Ranunculus acris 

Cerastium fontanum 

Filipendula ulmaria 



Trifolium dubium 


Primula veris 

Galium verum 




Centaurea nigra 


Cirsium palustre

5956 

COMMUNITY DUPO – Pollination 

Gasteruption sp 

Tachysphex unicolor 

Anthophora alluaudi 

Eucera gracilipes 


Melecta curvispina 

Megachile canariensis 

Osmia canariensis 

Anthidium manicatum 

Andrena wollestoni 

Hyleaus canariensis 

Colletes dimidiatus 

Lasioglossum viride 

Lasioglossum actifrons 

Lasioglossum chalcodes 

Dermasothes gracile 

Euodynerus reflexus 

Leptochilus eatoni 

Cyclyrius webbianus 

Macroglossum stellatarum 

Bibio elmoi 

Drosophila sp 

Stomorhina lunata 

Geron hesperidon 

Lucilia sericata 

Linnaemyia soror 

Estheria simonyi 

Tachinidae sp. 

Peleteria ruficornis 

Tachina canariensis 


Scaeva albomaculata 

AN_DUPO 

Nyctia lugubris 

Anastoechus latifrons 

Anthrax anthrax 

PL_DUPO 

Cephalodromia sp 

Erysimum scoparium 

Adenocarpus viscosus 

Spartocytisus supranubius 

Echium wildpretii 

Scrophularia glabrata 

Mentha longifolia 

Nepeta teydea 

Pimpinella cumbrae 

Pterocephalus lasiospermus 

Tolpis webbii 

Argyranthemum teneriffae

5956 

COMMUNITY EOL – Pollination 

AN_EOL 

Podabrus sp. 

Arpedium sp. 

Bombus alpinus 

Bombus hyperboreus 

Orthocentrinae sp 

Phygadeuon sp 

Stenomacrus sp 

Aclastus sp1 

Aclastus sp2 

Ichneumonidae Sp1 




Cotesia sp. 

Alysiinae sp1 

Alysiinae sp2 

Alysiinae sp3 

Alysiinae sp4 

Alysiinae sp5 

Platygastridae sp. 

Tetrastichinae sp. 

Pteromalidae sp1 

Pteromalidae sp2 

Cidaria sp 

Anarta sp 

Noctuidae Sp 

Oliveridia tricornis 

Acamptocladius submontanus 

Corynoneura scutellata 

Heterotrissocladius subpilosus 

Pseudosmittia oxoniana 

Limnophyes ninae 

Limnophyes brachytomus 

Limnophyes natalensis 

Limnophyes schnelli 

Smittia betuletorum 

Smittia cf. aterrima 

Smittia sp.1 

Smittia sp.2 

Micropsectra radialis 

Micropsectra sp.2 

Micropsectra sp.1 

Mycomya fuscata 

Boletina sp. 

Dasineura sp 

Trichosia truncata 

Corynoptera refrigerata 

Corynoptera sp1 

Corynoptera sp2 

Bradysia giraudi 

Bradysia sp1 

Bradysia sp2 

Bradysia sp3 

Lycoriella curvispina 

Lycoriella freyi 

Lycoriella sp1 

Lycoriella sp2 

Phyllolabis macroura 

Chamaepsila morio 

Parapiophila vulgaris 

Phytomyza aquilonia 

Chloropinae sp. 

Allophorocera lapponica 

Paradelia sp. 

Pegoplata aestiva 

Botanophila bidens 

Delia piliventris 

Alliopsis glacialis 

Egle parva 

Egle sp. 

Egle minuta 

Pegomya haemorrhoum 

Pegomya sp. 




Zaphne barbiventris 

Zaphne frontata 

Zaphne sp1 

Zaphne sp2 

Fannia mollissima 

Phaonia alpicola 

Phaonia subfuscinervis 

Phaonia lugubris 

Coenosia atritibia 

Coenosia octopunctata 

Spilogona nitidicauda 

Spilogona alpica 

Spilogona megastoma 

Spilogona triangulifera 

Thricops cunctans 

Thricops hirtulus 

Thricops nigritellus 

Thricops rostratus 

Thricops furcatus 

Megaselia diversa 

Megaselia sp. 

Megaselia digitalis 

Megaselia giraudii 

Megaselia sordida 

Megaselia cirriventris 

Megaselia coei 

Megaselia groenlandica 

Megaselia pleuralis 

Dolichopus plumipes 

Rhaphium crassipes 

Empis lucida 

Platypalpus nigritarsis 

Rhamphomyia aethiops 

Rhamphomyia reflexa 

Rhamphomyia morio 

Rhamphomyia obscuripennis 

PL_EOL 

Trollius europaeus 

Polygonum viviparum 

Cerastium alpinum 


Rhodiola rosea 

Saxifraga aizoides 

Saxifraga oppositifolia 

Arabis alpina 

Parnassia palustris 

Viola biflora 

Salix lanata 

Salix reticulata 

Salix polaris 

Astragalus alpinus 

Potentilla crantzii 

Dryas octopetala 

Diapensia lapponica 

Rhododendron lapponicum 

Cassiope tetragona 

Cassiope hypnoides 

Pinguicula alpina 

Bartsia alpina 

Antennaria alpina 

Taraxacum sp.

5956 

COMMUNITY EOLZ – Pollination 

AN_EOLZ 

Eulophidae sp 

Megaspilidae sp 

Bombus sp. 

Cryptinae sp. 

Diplazontinae sp. 

Stenomacrus sp. A 

Stenomacrus sp. B 

Stenomacrus sp. C 

Microgastrinae sp. 

Aphidius sp. 

Bradysia spp. 

Limnophora sinuata 

Phaonia bidentata 

Lophosceles minimus 

Spilogona sanctipauli 

Spilogona dorsata 

Spilogona almqvistii 

Spilogona extensa 

Spilogona denudata 

Spilogona micans 

Spilogona tornensis 

Spilogona tundrae 

Spilogona melanosoma 

Spilogona arcticola 

Spilogona deflorata 

Spilogona malaisei 

Spilogona obsoleta 

Drymeia segnis 

Drymeia groenlandica 

Zaphne frontata 

Delia echinata 

Scathophaga furcata 

Scatopsciara sp. 

Gonarcticus arcticus 

Peleteria aenea 

Protophormia terraenovae 

Lasiopiophila pilosa 

Phytomyza fuscula 

Neoleria prominens 

Megaselia sp. 

Parasyrphus tarsatus 

Platycheirus lundbecki 

Platycheirus carinatus 

Eupeodes curtus 

Eupeodes nigroventris 

Rhamphomyia nigrita 

Rhamphomyia filicauda 

Aedes nigripes 

Aedes impiger 

Culicoides sp. 

Brachypogon sp. 

Forcipomyia sp. 

Limnophyes brachytomus 

Pseudosmittia sp. 

Limnophyes spp. 

Smittia spp. 

Chironomidae sp. 

Rheocricotopus sp. 

Cricotopus sp. 

Orthocladiinae sp. 

Eukiefferiella sp. 

Orthocladius sp. 

Procladius sp. 

Chironomus sp. 

Entephria puncticeps 

Colias hecla 

Plebejus glandon 

Clossiana chariclea 

Polia richardsoni 

Syngrapha parilis 

Sympistis zetterstedti 

 

Sympistis lapponica 

Olethreutes inquitana 

 

Olethreutes mengelana 

PL_EOLZ 

Ranunculus sulphureus 

Papaver radicatum 


Armeria scabra 

Cerastium arcticum 


Arenaria pseudofrigida 

Stellaria longipes 

Melandrium triflorum 


Saxifraga caespitosa 

Saxifraga nivalis 

Saxifraga cernua 

Saxifraga hirculus 

Chamaenerion latifolium 

Salix arctica 

Dryas octopetala 

Potentilla rubricaulis 

Potentilla hyparctica 

Lesquerella arctica 

Cochlearia groenlandica 

Draba lactea 

Draba arctica 


Vaccinium uliginosum 

Rhododendron lapponicum 

Pedicularis hirsuta 

Pedicularis flammea 

Arnica angustifolia 

Taraxacum phymatocarpum 

Erigeron compositus

5956 

COMMUNITY ESKI – Pollination 

AN_ESKI 

Protaetia aurichalcea 

Apoidae sp. 


Xylocopa fenestrata 

Hesperidae sp. 

Leptotes pirithous 

Phalantha phalantha 

Stratiomyidae sp. 

Syrphid sp. 

Ornidia obesa 

Lucilia sp. 

Muscidae sp 

PL_ESKI 

Dracaena concinna 

Pemphis acidula 

Turnera angustifolia 

Passiflora suberosa 

Suriana maritima 

Leucaena leucocephala 

Thespesia populnea 

Hibiscus tiliaceus 

Tournefortia argentea 

Morinda citrifolia 

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 

Ipomoea macrantha 

Gastonia mauritiana 

Scaevola sericea

5956 

COMMUNITY FROS – Frugivory 

AN_FROS 


Tauraco porphyrocephalus 

Bycanistes buccinator 

Pogoniulus bilineatus 

Buccanodon leucotis 

Zosterops pallidus 

Pycnonotus barbatus 

Cholorocichla flaviventris 

Andropadus importunus 

PL_FROS 

Strelitzia nicholai 

Erianthemum dregei 

Bridelia micrantha 

Antidesma venosum 

Dovyalis longispina 

Trema orientalis 

Ficus vogelii 

Ficus natalensis 

Vepris undulata 

Trichilia emetica 

Ekebergia capensis 

Euclea natalensis 

Mimusops caffra 

Sideroxylon inerme 

Apodytes dimidiata 

Halleria lucida

5956 

COMMUNITY GEN1 – Frugivory 

AN_GEN1 

Saltator similis 

Dacnis cayana 

Tachyphonus coronatus 

Turdus rufiventris 

Turdus leucomelas 

Turdus amaurochalinus 


Cyclarhis gujanensis 

Chiroxiphia caudata 

Manacus manacus 

Pitangus sulphuratus 

Myiodynastes maculatus 

Empidonomus varius 

Tyrannus melancholicus 

Tyrannus savanna 

Myiarchus ferox 

Myiophobus fasciatus 

PL_GEN1 


Chamissoa altissima 

Trema micrantha 

Protium heptaphyllum 

Cabralea canjerana 

Trichilia clauseni 

Ixora venulosa 

Dendropanax cuneatum

5956 

COMMUNITY GEN2 – Frugivory 

AN_GEN2 

Penelope superciliaris 

Ramphastos toco 




Habia rubica 

Thlypopsis sordida 

Conirostrum speciosum 

Dacnis cayana 

Ramphocelus carbo 



Tangara cayana 

Thraupis sayaca 

Pipraeidea melanonota 

Cyanocorax cristatellus 


Cyclarhis gujanensis 

Tityra cayana 


Manacus manacus 

Sirystes sibilator 

Elaenia flavogaster 

Myiophobus fasciatus 



Tyrannus savanna 


PL_GEN2 

Piper sp. 

Talauma ovata 

Xylopia brasiliensis 

Ocotea cf. 

Ocotea corimbosa 

Ocotea sp. 

Chamissoa altissima 

Rhipsalis sp. 

Pereskia aculeata 

Gomidesia affinis 

Miconia elegans 

Miconia discolor 

Miconia sp. 

Maytenus aquifolium 

Pera glabrata 

Copaifera langsdorffii 


Rubus sp. 


Chlorophora tinctoria 

Ficus luschnatiana 

Urera baccifera 

Cecropia pachystachia 


Zanthoxylum hyemale 


Trichilia clauseni 

Paullinia sp. 

Paullinia rhomboidea 

Dendropanax cuneatum 

Cordia sp. 

Palicourea sp. 

Citharexylum mirianthum 

Cestrum sp.

5956 

COMMUNITY HAMM – Frugivory 

AN_HAMM 

Chalcophaps indica 

Streptopelia chinensis 

Macropygia phasianella 

Phapitreron leucotis 

Ptilinopus occipitalis 

Ducula poliocephala 

Ducula bicolor 

Aceros waldeni 

Penelopides panini 

Megalaima haemacephala 

Oriolus chinensis 

Rhabdornis mysticalis 

Sarcops calvus 

Zosterops nigrorum 

Hypsipetes phylippinus 

Pycnonotus goiavier 

PL_HAMM 

Myristica ceylanica 

Litsea quericoides 

Litsea luzonica 

Dillenia reifferscheidia 

Syzygium garciae Merr 

Syzygium garciae Korth 

Syzygium sp.01 



Memexylon lanceolatum 

Astronia cumingiana 

Elaeocarpus cumingii 

Garcinia busungaensis 

Mallotus molissima 

Bischhofia javanica 

Homalanthus alpinus 

Homalanthus rotundifolius 

Macaranga bicolor 

Macaranga tanarius 

Lithocarpus spec. 

Prunus fragrans 

Alphitonia excelsa 

Strebus glaber 

Ficus congesta 

Ficus heteropleura 

Ficus septica 

Ficus variegata 

Ficus sp.01 

Ficus heteropoda 

Leucosyke capitellana 

Laportaea luzoniensis 

Grewia multiflora 

Tiliacea sp.01 

Microcus stylocarpa 

Aglaia sp.01 

Canarium asperum 

Guioa pleuropteris 

Pometia pinnata 

Platea excelsa 

Ternstroemia megacarpa 

Sapotaceae sp.01 

Palaquium sp.01 

Palaquium sp.02

5956 

COMMUNITY HERR – Pollination 

next page 

AN_HERR * 

Tychius here 

Deilus herd 

Nustera dis 

Coptocephala uni 

Coptocephala sco 

Mylabrix hern 

Heliotaurus ruf 

Mordellistena herq 

Malachius herk 

Lobonyx aen 

Acmaeodera herb 

Anthaxia dim 

Anthaxia par 

Cardiophorus bip 

Malthodes herc 

Attagenus heri 

Anthrenus herh 

Palleira fem 

Chasmatopterus hero 

Tropinota squ 

Hymenoplia herp 

Elis vil 

Odynerus herae 

Lasius nig 

Crematogaster aub 

Camponotus lat 

Camponotus sic 

Cataglyphis via 

Tapinoma err 

Tapinoma herag 

Tiphia mor 

Meria heraj 

Meria tri 

Lindenius lut 

Ammophila hey 

Diodontus ins 

Gorytes. herai 

Mellinus arv 

Podalonia tyd 

Pryonix kir 

Cerceris are 

Cerceris ryb 

Bembix fla 

Bembix oli 

Philanthus tri 

Philanthus ven 

Lasioglossum [10 spp.] 

Halictus [5 spp.] 

Sphecodes hir 

Sphecodes pel 

Andrena [7 spp.] 

Panurgus herz 

Colletes cas 

Colletes acu 

Colletes suc 

Colletes herab 

Colletes fod 

Dasypoda cin 

Dasypoda ibe 

Anthidiellum str 

Stelis sig 

Heriades cre 

Osmia herad 

Megachile lea 

Megachile mar 

Megachile pil 

Epeolus fal 

Eucera his 

Nomada mut 

Bombus luc 

Tetralonia ber 

Apis mel 

Amegilla fas 

Amegilla qua 

Ceratina cuc 

Ceratina cya 

Ceratina moc 

Anthophora dis 

Anthophora ace 

Anthophora heraa 

Xylocopa vio 

Xylocopa can 

Macroglossum ste 

PL_HERR 

 

Arecacea 

Liliacea 1 

Liliacea 2 

Plumbaginacea 

Santalacea 1 

Santalacea 2 

Myrtacea 

Rosacea 

Fabacea 1 

Fabacea 2 

Fabacea 3 

Fabacea 4 

Thymeleacea 

Cistacea 1 

Cistacea 2 

Cistacea 

Cistacea 3 

Cistacea 4 

Ericacea 1 

Ericacea 2 

Oleacea 

Lamiacea 1 

Lamiacea 2 

Lamiacea 3 

Caprifoliacea 

Asteracea

5956 

Community HERR (continued) 

Macroglossum ste 

Rhodometra sac 

Gegenes herak 

Pyronia cec 

Syntarucus pir 

Plebejus arg 

Polyommatus ica 

Laeosopis rob 

Lampides bae 

Lycaena phl 

Aricia cra 

Gonepteryx cle 

Pontia dap 

Colias cro 

Pieris rap 

Pieris bra 

Eilema com 

Agrotis put 

Cerocala sca 

Discestra sod 

Hoplodrina amb 

Mythimna vit 

Pechipogo plu 

Autographa gam 

Spodoptera exi 

Metachrostis dar 

Metachrostis vel 

Heliothis arm 

Heliothis nub 

Heliothis pel 

Acrobasis por 

Pempeliella plu 

Udaea mar 

Psorosa bre 

Psorosa gen 

Evergestis pol 

Palpita uni 

Mecyna heram 

Phthiria heru 

Conophorus fum 

Lomatia inf 

Petrorossia hert 

Dischistus sen 

Exoprosopa ita 

Bombylius fultor 

Bombylius arg 

Bombylius ate 

Metasyrphus cor 

Sphaerophoria scr 

Eristalodes tae 

Chrysotoxum int 

Melanostoma mel 

Paragus tib 

Sphaerophoria rue 

Syritta pip 

Volucella ele 

Eristalis arb 

Eristalis ten 

Eristalis pra 

Episyrphus aur 

Episyrphus bal 

Lathyroptphtalmus aen 

Lathyroptphtalmus qui 

AN_HERR * 

* Obs: large politomies within genera were removed for clarity (but were included in analyses). 

Number of congeneric species included as soft politomies are shown within brackets.

5956 

COMMUNITY HOCK – Pollination 

AN_HOCK 

Rhyncaenus sp 


Bombus polaris 

Bombus hyperboreus 

Cryptus arcticus 

Hyposoter luctus 

Amauronematus amentorum 

Amauronematus sp 

Colias hecla 

Plebejus aquilo 

Boloria sp 

Lasiestra leucocycla 

Anarta richardsoni 

Crymodes exulis 

Sympistis labradoris 

Olethreutes mengelana 

Olethreutes inquietana 

Bradysia Species 

Tipula arctica 

Allopiophila arctica 

Scatophaga nigripalpis 

Eupogonomyia groenlandica 



Spilogona sp 


Spilogona latilamina 

Spilogona almquisti 

Spilogona deflorata 


Pegomyia sp. 

Fucellia pictipennis 

Carposcalis carinata 

Protophormia terraenovae 

Boreellus atriceps 

Peleteriopsis aenea 

Petinarctia stylata 

Helophilus borealis 

Phalacrodira nigropilosa 

Dolichopus dasyops 

Ramphomyia lamelliseta 

Ramphomyia nigrita 

Ramphomyia sp 

Ramphomyia filicauda 


Aedes impiger 

Aedes sp 


Einfeldia sp 

Gynometriocnemus sp 

Heterotrissocladius subpilosus 

Metriocnemus obscuripes 

Paraphaenocladius despectus 

Procladius sp1 

Prosmittia nanseni 

Psectrocladius barbatimanus 

Pseudodiamesa arctica 

Tanytarsus niger 

Chironomus sp. 

Chironomus sp3 

Cricotopus lestralis 

Cricotopus Sp 

Limnophyes globifer 

Limnophyes sp 

Limnophyes sp3 

Orthocladiinae sp 

Orthocladius consobrinus 

Orthocladus sp 

Smittia extrema 

Smittia polaris 

Smittia polymorpha 

Smittia sp 

PL_HOCK 

Papaver species 


Silene species 

Stellaria species 

Lychnis triflora 


Cerastium arcticum 


Saxifraga tricuspidata 


Saxifraga cernua 

Saxifraga flagellaris 

Saxifraga species 

Epilobium species 

Salix species 

Potentilla species 

Dryas species 

Erysimum species 


Braya species 

Draba bellii 

Draba cinerea 

Draba oblongata 


Pedicularis species 

Pedicularis capitata 

Arnica species 

Taraxacum species 

 

Erigeron

5956 

COMMUNITY HRAT – Frugivory 

AN_HRAT 

Cyanopica cyanus 

Sturnus unicolor 

Turdus merula 

Turdus philomelos 

Muscicapa striata 

Ficedula hypoleuca 

Erithacus rubecula 

Luscinia megarhynchos 

Phoenicurus phoenicurus 

Sylvia atricapilla 

Sylvia borin 

Sylvia hortensis 

Sylvia communis 

Sylvia undata 

Sylvia cantillans 

Sylvia melanocephala 

PL_HRAT 

Tamus communis 

Smilax aspera 

Asparagus aphyllus 

Asparagus aculeatus 

Osyris alba 

Myrtus communis 

Rhamnus lycioides 

Crataegus monogyna 

Pyrus bourgaeana 

Rubus ulmifolius 

Daphne gnidium 

Pistacia lentiscus 

Lonicera periclymenum 

Rubia pregrina 

Phillyrea angustifolia 

Olea europaea

5956 

COMMUNITY INPK – Pollination 

AN_INPK 

Anthoboscinae 

Megachile sp. 

Exoneura sp. 


Hyphesma sp. 

Euryglossa sp 1 

Euryglossa sp 2 

Euryglossa sp. 

Hylaeus semipersonatus 

Hylaeus sp. 

Leioproctus sp 1 



Lasioglossum sp. 

Lasioglossum sp. 1 






Parasphecodes sp. 1 



Euryinae sp. 1 



Alophora sp 

Chaetophthalmus dorsalis 

Prosena sp C 

Senostoma sp A 

Senostoma sp B 

Senostoma sp D 

Calliphora fulvicoxa 

Calliphora hilli 

Calliphora stygia 

Calliphora sp. 

Calliphora sp A 

Calliphora sp B 

Limnophora sp. 

Musca vetustissima 

Prohardyia carinata 

Coenosia sp A 

Coenosia sp B 

Helina sp A 

Helina sp B 

Sphenella marginata 

Rivellia sp F 

Tephritis sp B 

Tephritis sp A 

Tapeigaster nigricornis 

Scaptomyza australis 

Hydrellia sp. 

Phytoliriomyza sp. 

Chloromerus sp. 

Poecilohetaerus sp 

Sapromyza s 

Incurviseta sp D 

Incurviseta sp K 


Melangyna sp 

Syrphus sp 

Empis sp B 

Empis sp C 

Empis sp D 

Empis sp E 

Empis sp F 

Dolichopodidae sp 

Diostracus sp 1 

Therevidae sp 

Comptosia sylvana 

Villa sp. 

Stratiomyidae sp 

Pelecorhynchus rubidus 

Tabanus froggatti 

Scaptia alpina 

Sciaridae sp. 

Dilophus sp. 

Agrostis infusa 

Oreixenica orichora 

Hippotion scofa 

PL_INPK 

Prasophyllum alpinum 

Orites lancifolia 

Neopaxia australasica 

Oxylobium ellipticum 

Epilobium gunnianum 

Kunzea muelleri 

Baeckea gunniana 

Pimelea ligustrina 

Phebalium ovatifolium 

Leucopogon montanus 

Pentachondra pumila 

Richea continentis 

Epacris paludosa 

Epacris petrophila 

Epacris microphylla 

Asperula gunnii 

Gentianella diemensis 

Prostanthera cuneata 

Euphrasia collina 

Aciphylla glacialis 

Aciphylla simplicifolia 

Wahlenbergia ceracea 

Stylidium graminifolium 1 

Stylidium graminifolium 2 


Olearia phlogopappa 

Celmisia longifolia 

Microseris lanceolata 


Leptorhynchos squamatus 

Craspedia sp. 

Helichrysum scorpioides 

Helichrysum alpinum 

Senecio lautus 

Senecio gunnii 

Senecio pectinatus 

Helipterum albicans 

Helipterum anthemoides 

Brachyscome scapigera 

Brachyscome stolonifera 

Brachyscome scapiformis 

Brachyscome sp.

5956 

COMMUNITY KANT – Frugivory 

AN_KANT 

Ortalis vetula 

Trogon citreolus 

Turdus grayi 

Saltator atriceps 

Dives dives 

Icterus chrysater 

Icterus auratus 

Icterus gularis 

Icterus mesomelas 

Icterus prosthemelas 

Euphonia affinis 

Euphonia hirundinacea 

Psilorhinus morio 

Cissilopha yucatanica 

Cyanocorax yncas 

Cotinga amabilis 

Tityra semifasciata 


Myiozetetes similis 

Megarynchus pitangua 


Centurus aurifrons 

Centurus pygmaeus 

Pteroglossus torguatus 

Ramphastos sulfuratus 

Aratinga astec 

Amazona albifrons 

PL_KANT 


Neea psychotrioides 

Ehretia tinifolia 

Ficus padifolia 

Metopium browneii 

Talisia olivaeformis

5956 

COMMUNITY KEVN – Pollination 

AN_KEVN 

Nematus sp. 

Bombus sp. 

Apanteles sp 

Stenomacrus sp. 

Cryptus arcticus 

Oresbius sp. 

Atractodes sp. 

Ichneumonidae sp. 

Saotis sp. 

Tridymus sp. 

Chalcididae sp 

Olethreutes inquietana 

Colias hecla 

Lycaena feildeni 

Plebejus aquilo 

Boloria polaris 

Boloria chariclea 


Crymodes exulis 

Lasiestra leucocycla 

Noctuidae sp 

Sympistis labradoris 

Sciari spp 

Tipula arctica 

Eupogonomyia groenlandica 

Muscidae sp 



Spilogona denudata 

Spilogona extensa 


Spilogona obsoleta 

Spilogona tornensis 


Fucellia pictipennis 

Pegomyia sp. 

Scatophaga apicaulis 

Scatophaga multisetosa 

Scatophaga sp. 

Peleteria aenea 

Periscepsia sp. 

Tachinidae sp 


Calliphoridae sp 

Phormia terraenovae 

Phytomyza erigerontophaga 

Allopiophila fulviceps 

Lasiopiophila pilosa 

Carposcalis carinata 

Metasyrphus chillcotti 

Phalacrodira nigropilosa 

Helophilus borealis 

Dolichopus dasyops 

Rhamphomyia filicauda 

Rhamphomyia sp. 

Rhamphomyia hoeli 

Rhamphomyia sp1 

Rhamphomyia ursinella 

Aedes sp. 

Aedes impiger 


Limnophyes sp. 

Paraphaenocladius despectus 

Orthocladiinae sp 1 


Cricotopus sp. 

Microspectra sp. 

Orthocladiinae sp 2 

Procladius sp. 

Psectrocladius sp 

Smittia sp. 

Smittia velutina 

PL_KEVN 

Ranumculus sulphureus 




Stellaria longipes 



Salix arctica 

Potentilla nivea 

Dryas integrifolia 

Erysimum pallasii 


 

Ceratopogon Isohelea sp. 

Culicoides sp. 

Forcipomyia Thryridomyia sp. 

 

Draba sp. 


Pedicularis arctica 

Pedicularis capitata 

Arnica alpina 

Taraxacum arctogenum 

Erigeron eriocephalus 

Erigeron compositus

5956 

COMMUNITY KT90 – Pollination 

AN_KT90f 

Phylogeny at the 

family level (total of 

679 spp.) 

Carabidae 

Dermestidae 

Melyridae 

Byturidae 

Coccinelidae 

Endomychidae 

Nitidulidae 

Cryptophagidae 

Mordellidae 

Oedemeridae 

Cephaloidae 

Tenebrionidae 

Pyrochroidae 

Scraptiidae 

Stenotrachelidae 

Cerambycida 

Chrysomelidae 

Attelabidae 

Apionidae 

Curculionidae 

Buprestidae 

Elateridae 

Lycidae 

Cantharidae 

Lampyridae 

Scarabeidae 

Agyrtidae 

Staphylinidae 

Diapriidae 

Aulacidae 

Sphecidae 

Halictidae 

Apidae 

Megachilidae 

Andrenidae 

Colletidae 

Formicidae 

Vespidae 

Ichneumoidae 

Braconidae 

Platygastridae 

Eurytomidae 

Pteromalidae 

Eulophidae 

Proctotrupidae 

Cynipidae 

Figitidae 

Argidae 

Cimbicidae 

Tenthredinoidae 

Nepticulidae 

Heliozelidae 

Tischeriidae 

Gracillaridae 

Zygaenidae 

Totricidae 

Pyralidae 

Sphingidae 

Hesperiidae 

Papilionidae 

Pieridae 

Lycaenidae 

Nymphalidae 

Geometridae 

Epicopeiidae 

Psychodidae 

Tipulidae 

Acroceridae 

Tachinidae 

Sarcophagidae 

Calliphoridae 

Anthomyiidae 

Muscidae 

Lauxaniidae 

Chloropidae 

Canacidae 

Agromyzidae 

Clusiidae 

Drosophilidae 

Diastatidae 

Ephydridae 

Conopoidea 

Lonchaenidae 

Tephritidae 

Phoridae 

Lonchopteridae 

Pipunculidae 

Syrphidae 

Empididae 

Dolichopodidae 

Bombyliidae 

Asilidae 

Stratiomyidae 

Rhagionidae 

Tabanidae 

Bibionidae 

Mycetophilidae 

Cecidomyiidae 

Sciaridae 

Ceratopongidae 

Chironomidae 

PL_KT90 

Magnolia salicifolia 

Commelina communis 

Disporum sessile 

Polygonatum macranthum 

Tricyrtis hirta 

Epimedium grandiflorum 

Anemone flaccida 

Corydalis pallida 

Corydalis lineariloba 

Antenoron filiforme 

Bistorta tenuicaulis 

Reynoutria japonica 

Persicaria thunbergii 

Persicaria pubescens 

Persicaria senticosa 

Persicaria aestiva 

Deutzia crenata 

Cardiandra alternifolia 

Astilbe thunbergii 

Hydrangea paniculata 

Hydrangea macrophylla 

Hydrangea hirta 

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 

Stachyurus praecox 

Geranium nepalense 

Oxalis griffithii 

Euonymus alatus 

Euonymus sieboldianus 

Salix gracilistyla 

Viola verecunda 

Viola kusanoana 

Viola vaginata 

Viola grypoceras 

Castanea crenata 

Lespedeza bicolor 


Desmodium podocarpum 

Hovenia tomentella 

Geum japonicum 

Rosa multiflora 

Agrimonia pilosa 

Aruncus dioicus 

Prunus salicina 

Prunus Grayana 

Prunus incisa 

Rubus microphyllus 

Rubus palmatus 

Rubus illecebrosus 

Rubus parvifolius 

Phellodendron amurense 

Rhus javanica 

Rhus trichocarpa 

Aesculus turbinata 

Acer rufinerve 

Swida controversa 

Alangium platanifolium 

Benthamida kousa 

Aucuba japonica 

Impatiens textori 

Impatiens noli-tangere 

Symplocos chinensis 

Lysimachia clethroides 

Styrax japonica 

Tripterospermum japonicum 

Ligustrum obtusifolium 

Plantago asiatica 

Clinopodium micranthum 

Salvia glabrescens 

Rabdosia trichocarpa 

Rabdosia longituba 

Spuriopimpinella nikoensis 

Anthriscus aemula 

Cryptotaenia japonica 

Angelica pubescens 

Angelica polymorpha 

Patrinia villosa 

Viburnum plicatum 

Weigela hortensis 

Adenocaulon himalaicum 

Kalimeris yomena 

Petasites japonicus 

Aster glehni 

Stenactis annuus 

Siegesbeckia orientalis 

Ainsliaea acerifolia 

Cacalia delphiniifolia 

Ixeris dentata 

Cirsium kagamontanum 

Cirsium japonicum 

Carpesium divaricatum 1 

Carpesium divaricatum 2

5956 

COMMUNITY LAMB – Frugivory 

AN_LAMB 

Lophura ignita 

Loriculus galgulus 

Calyptomena viridis 

Irene puella 

Chloropsis sonnerati 

Chloropsis cyanopogon 

Chloropsis cochinchinensis 

Dicaeum ignipectus 

Dicaeum concolor 

Dicaeum agile 

Dicaeum chrysorrherum 

Dicaeum trigonostigma 

Prionochilus percussus 

Prionochilus maculatus 

Gracula religiosa 

Turdus obscurus 

Zoothera interpres 

Melanochlora sultanea 

Alcippe brunneicauda 

Criniger finschii 

Criniger phaeocephalus 

Criniger bres 

Hypsipetes charlottae 

Hypsipetes criniger 

Hypsipetes flavala 

Hypsipetes malaccensis 

Pycnonotus brunneus 

Pycnonotus eutilotus 

Pycnonotus cyaniventris 

Pycnonotus simplex 

Pycnonotus erythropthalmos 

Pycnonotus atriceps 

Pycnonotus goavier 

Pycnonotus zeylanicus 

Pycnonotus melanoleucos 

Pycnonotus finlaysoni 

Pycnonotus plumosus 

Pycnonotus squamatus 

Coracina striata 

Oriolus xanthonotus 

Corvus enca 

Platysmurus leucopterus 

Calorhamphus fuliginosus 

Megalaima chrysopogon 

Megalaima australis 

Megalaima mystacophanos 

Megalaima henricii 

Harpactes diardi 

Buceros rhinoceros 

Rhinoplax vigil 

Anorrhinus galeritus 

Rhyticeros corrugatus 

Anthracoceros albirostris 

Anthracoceros malayanus 

Chalcophaps indica 

Treron curvirostra 

Treron capellei 

Treron olax 

Treron fulvicollis 

Ptilinopus jambu 

Ducula badia 

PL_LAMB not available 

(not included in analyses)

5956 

COMMUNITY LOPE – Frugivory 

Gorilla gorilla 

Pan troglodytes 

Colobus satanas 

Cercopithecus cephus 

Cercopithecus nictitans 

Cercopithecus pogonias 

Mandrillus sphinx 

Cercocebus albigena 

AN_LOPE 

(Primate phylogeny, not included in analyses) 

PL_LOPE 

Elaeis guineensis 

Marantochloa 

Pycnanthus angolensis 

Xylopia 

Ongokea gore 

Pentadesma butyracea sp1 

Pentadesma butyracea sp2 

Berlinia bracteosa 

Pentaclethra 2species 

Tetrapleura tetraptera 

Detarium macrocarpum sp1 

Detarium macrocarpum sp2 

Ficus 12species 

Milicia excelsa sp1 

Milicia excelsa sp2 

Duboscia macrocarpa 

Pseudospondias longifolia

5956 

COMMUNITY MACK – Frugivory 

Macropygia amboinensis 

Reinwardtoena reinwardtii 

Ducula rufigaster 

Ducula zoeae 

Gymnophaps albertisii 

Ptilinopus pulchellus 

Ptilinopus rivoli 

Ptilinopus ornatus 

Microdynamis parva 

Rhyticeros plicatus 

Ailuroedus buccoides 

Meliphaga 

Melilestes megarhycus 

Glycichaera fallax 

Philemon buceroides 

Xanthotis polygramma 

Xanthotis flaviventer 

Mino dumonti 

Melanocharis nigra 

Coracina schisticeps 

Coracina boyeri 

Coracina melaena 

Pitohui kirhocephalus 

Oriolus szalayi 

Cracticus cassicus 

Dicrurus hottentottus 

Manucodia chalybata 

Parotia lawesii 

Cicinnurus magnificus 

Parasidea raggiana 

Cacatua galerita 

Cyclopsittaca gulielmiterti 

AN_MACK PL_MACK 

Pandanus limbatus 

Musa sp. 

Elmerillia tsiampaca 

Myristica fatua 

Myristica subaluata 

Piper sp.1 

Piper sp.2 

Terminalia sp. 

Syzygium sp. 

Sloanea sp. 

Elaeocarpus sp. 

Gynotroches spp. 

Fragaea sp. 

Poikilospermum sp. 

Ficus dammaropsis 

Ficus sp.1 

Ficus sp.2 

Ficus sp.3 

Ficus sp.4 

Ficus sp.5 

Heritiera sp. 

Aglaia sp. 

Dysoxylum sp.1 

Dysoxylum sp.2 

Rhus sp. 

Dracantomelon sp. 

Eurya sp. 

Symplocos sp. 

Psychotriasp. 

Cercebera floribunda 

Osmoxylum sp. 

Schefflera spp.

5956 

COMMUNITY MED1 – Pollination 

AN_MED1 

Coccinela anchoralis 

Astylus sp 

Ichneumoidae sp 

Podagritus sp. 

Spinoliella sp. 



Chilimelissa farellones 

Chilimelissa sp 

Anthidium chubuti 

Megachile sp1 

Megachile sp2 

Alloscirtetica antarctica 

Alloscirtetica sp 



Pyrgus cf. fides 

Issoria lathonioides 

Phulia sp1 

Phulia sp2 

Agrotis ipsilon 

Peridroma saucia 

Tamseuxoa ingoufii 

Pseudoleucania nobilis 

Pseudoleucania sp 

Chironomidae sp1 

Dasybaris chillan 

cf. Mosillus sp 


Microcerella rusca 

Chlorobrachycoma versicolor 

Calliphoridae sp1 





Dolichogyna sp. 

Tropidia notata 

Geron sp. 

Thyridanthrax sp1 



Thyridanthrax sp3A 

PL_MED1 

Sisyrinchium junceum 


Montiopsis gilliesii 

Calandrinia caespitosa 

Epilobium nivale 

Oxalis erythrorhiza 

Discaria nana Clos. 

Adesmia haemisphaerica 

Astragalus cruckshanksii 

Astragalus nivicola 

Menonvillea hookeri 

Tarasa humilis 

Loasa incurva 

Phacelia cf. 

Jaborosa laciniata Miers 

Azorella monanthos 

Leuceria candidissima 

Hypochoeris montana Phil. 

Perezia pilifera 

Senecio tricephalus 

Senecio looseri

5956 

COMMUNITY MED2 – Pollination 

Curculionidae sp 

Coccinelidae sp1 



Eriopis cf. conexa 

Epicauta sp. 

Moredllidae sp 

Cantharidae sp 

Buprestidae sp 

Alloscirtetica herbsti 


Diadasia patagonica 

Svastrides zebra 

Chalepogenus caeruleus 

Centris muralis 

Centris sp. 

Anthidium rubriceps 

Megachile sp3 

Megachile sp4 

Colletes lycii 

Arhysosage bifasciata 

Callonychium mandibulare 

Psaenythia rufipes 

Augochloropsis sp. 



Dialictus sp1 

Dialictus sp2 

Ammophila sp. 

Oxybelus sp. 

Prionyx sp. 

Sphecidae sp. 

cf. Entypus sp. 

Hypodinerus sp3 

Eumenidae sp 

Geometridae sp 

Vanessa cf. cardui 

Tatochila sp. 


Empididae sp 




cf. Microcerella sp. 

Sarcophagidae sp. 

Compsomyiops fulvicrura 

Calliphoridae sp2 


Muscidae sp1 

Muscidae sp2 

Muscidae sp3 

Muscidae sp4 

Tephritidae sp 

cf. Notiphila sp. 

Ephydridae sp. 

Alipumilio sp 

cf. Toxomerus sp. 

Ocyptamus meridionalis 

Scaeva occidentalis 

Syrphidae sp3 

Carposcalis punctulata 

Carposcalis saltana 

Copestylum aricia 

Copestylum sp2 

Eristalis bogotensis 




AN_MED2 PL_MED2 

Arjona patagonica 

Pyrrhocactus cf. 

Opuntia corrugata 

Oenothera mendocinensis 

Larrea divaricata 

Oxalis sp. 

Polygala stenophylla 

Adesmia retrofracta 

Lathyrus sp. 

Rosa rubiginosa 

Discaria trinervis 

Rapistrum rugosum 

Lecanophora heterophylla 

Phacelia cf. 

Mimulus sp. 

Junellia cf. 

Hysterionica jasionoides 

Thelesperma megapotamicum 

Grindelia chiloensis 

Mutisia decurrens 

Baccharis pingraea 

Senecio filaginoides 

Senecio subulatus

5956 

COMMUNITY MEMM – Pollination 

Cantharidae sp1 

Curculionidae sp1 

Symphyta 

Parasitica 

Formicidae sp1 

Psithyrus sp.1 



Bombus muscorum 


Bombus terrestris 

Incurvariidae sp1 

Thymelicus sylvestris 

Pieris brassicae 



Aglais urticae 

Tephritidae sp1 

Conipidae sp. 1 

Eriothrix rufomaculata 

Scatophaga stercoraria 

Chrysotoxum bicinctum 

Meliscaeva auricollis 

Metasyrphus corollae 

Rhingia campestris 

Scaeva pyrastri 

Sphaerophoria scripta 


Xanthogramma pedissequum 

Episyrphus arbustorum 


Eristalis pertinax 


Helophilus pendulus 

Helophilus trivittatus 

Melanostoma mellinum 

Melanostoma scalare 

Platycheirus albimanus 

Platycheirus clypeatus 

Platycheirus scutatus 

Syrphus ribesii 

Syrphus vitripennis 

AN_MEMM PL_MEMM 

Clematis vitalba 

Chamerion angustifolium 

Linum catharticum 



Medicago lupulina 


Agrimonia eupatoria 

Rubus fruticosus 

Convolvulus arvensis 

Euphrasia officinalis 

Plantago major 

Knautia arvensis 

Aethusa cynapium 

Daucus carota 

Angelica sylvertris 

Torilis japonica 

Senecio jacobaea 

Crepis capillaris 

Eupatorium cannabinum 

Centaurea nigra 

Hypochaeris radicata 

Leontodon autumnalis 

Leontodon saxatilis 

Leontodon hispidus

5956 

COMMUNITY MOMA – Pollination 

Bombus polaris 


Boloria improba 

Colias hecla 

Colias nastes 

Rhamphomyia sp. 


Protocalliphora sp. 

Eupogonomyia probilofensis 

Spilogona aesturium 

Spilogona almquistii 


Spilogona hurdiana 

Spilogona latilamina 


Spilogona projecta 


AN_MOMA PL_MOMA 

Caltha palustris 



Oxytropis arctica 

Astragalus alpinus 

Geum rossii 

Potentilla vahliana 

Dryas integrifolia 

Arnica alpina 

Taraxacum sp. 

Petasites frigidus

5956 

COMMUNITY MONT – Frugivory 

AN_MONT 

Chamaepetes unicolor 

Psilhorinus morio 

Dacnis venusta 

Thrauphis episcopus 

Tangara icterocephala 

Tangara dowii 

Pheucticus ludovicianus 

Piranga rubra 

Icterus galbula 

Atlapetes gutturalis 

Chlorospingus ophthalmicus 

Chlorophonia callophrys 

Euphonia hirundinacea 

Phainoptila melanoxantha 

Myadestes melanops 

Catharus ustulatus 

Turdus plebejus 

Turdus grayi 

Turdus assimilis 

Chiroxiphia linearis 

Tityra semifasciata 

Procnias tricarunculata 

Mionectes olivaceus 

Myiarchus tuberculifer 

Myiozetetes similis 

Megarhynchus pitangua 

Myiodynastes luteiventris 

Elaenia frantzii 


Momotus momota 

Semnornis frantzii 

Aulacorhynchus prasinus 

Ramphastos sulfuratus 

Melanerpes aurifrons 

Piculus rubiginosus 

Trogon aurantiiventris 

Pharomachrus mocinno 

Columba flavirostris 

Columba fasciata 

PL_MONT * 

* Obs: politomies within genera were 

removed for clarity (but were included in 

analyses). Number of congeneric species 

included as soft politomies are shown 

within brackets. 

Anthrium [3 spp.] 

Smilax sp. A 

Chamaedorea sp. A 

Lasiacis sp. A 

Campelia zanonia 

Guatteria consanguinea 

Siparuna sp. 

Ocotea [8 spp.] 

Persea [3 spp.] 

Nectandra [6 spp.] 

Beilschmiedia [3 spp.] 

Phoebe neurophylla 

Phoebe mexicana 

Piper sp. A. 

Piper auritum 

Bocconia frutescens 

Meliosma idiopoda 

Neea amplifolia 

Torrubia costaricana 


Phytolacca sp. A. 

Gaiadendron punctatum 

Loranthaceae sp. A 

Loranthaceae sp. B 

Vitaceae sp. A 

Picramnia carpinterae 

Eugenia sp. A. 

Eugenia sp. B. 

Miconia sp. A 

Blakea grasilis 

Melastomataceae sp. CT 

Melastomataceae sp. NC 

Melastomataceae sp. SC 

Conostegia bernouliana 

Conostegia xalapensis 

Conostegia puberrula 

Conostegia speciosa 

Ossaea micrantha 

Ossaea sp. A 

Maytenus sp. A 

Perrottetia longistylis 

Celastraceae sp. A 

Erythroxylum amplum 

Clusia alata 

Hieronyma guatemalensis 

Sapium oligoneuron 

Xylosma chloranthum 

Xylosma flexuosa 


Xylosma intermedium 

Bunchosia sp. A 

Bunchosia pilosa 

Cucurbitaceae sp. A 

Prunus cornifolia 

Prunus sp. A. 

Rubus rosaefolia 

Prunus anularis 

Colubrina celtififolia 


Ficus tuerckheimii 

Trophis mexicana 

Ficus pertusa 

Urera elata 

Cecropia obtusifolia 

Daphnopsis americana 

Hasseltia floribunda 

Malvaviscus arboreus 

Hampea appendiculata 

Zanthoxylum culantrillo 

Trichilia havanensis 

Guarea glabra 

Guarea tonduzii 

Guarea tuisiana 

Cupania glabra 

Matayba apetala 

Paullinia sp. A 

Marcgravia brownei 

Symplococarpon brenesii 

Dipholis parvifolia 

Symplocos sp. A. 

Symplocos limoncillo 

Symplocos sp. B 

Rapanea myricoides 

Ardisia palmana 

Ardisia compressa 

Cavendishia melastomoides 

Cavendishia sp. A. 

Satyria sp. A. 

Cavendishia complectans 

Cavendishia capitulata 

Mappia racemosa 

Mappia sp. A 

Tournefortia glabra 

Chione costaricensis 

Hamelia patens 

Guettarda poasana 

Faramea quercetorum 

Gonzalagunia rosea 

Cephaelis elata 

Psychotria sp. WB 

Psychotria sp. BO 

Psychotria acuminata 

Psychotria parasitica 

Psychotria sp. LP 

Hoffmannia sp. RF 

Hoffmannia sp. RL 

Hoffmannia sp. A 

Palicourea sp. YY 

Palicourea galeottiana 

Coussarea austin-smithii 

Coussarea sp. A 

Tabernaemontana sp. A 

Stemmadenia glabra 

Linociera dominguensis 

Drymonia rubra 

Besleria triflora 

Besleria formosa 

Drymonia conchocalyx 

Alloplectus tetragonus 

Besleria sp. A 

Citharexylum macradenium 

Citharexylum integerrimum 

Solanum [4 spp.] 

Acnistus arborescens 

Cestrum racemosum 

Cestrum sp. A 

Cestrum megalophyllum 

Witheringia maculata 

Witheringia solanacea 

Witheringia coccoloboides 

Witheringia sp. A 

Lycianthes synanthera 

Lycianthes multiflora 

Ilex lamprophylla 

Viburnum costraricanum 

Oreopanax [3 spp.] 

Didymopanax pittieri 

Dendropanax [4 spp.] 

Schefflera robusta 

Burmeistera sp. A 

Clibadium sp. A 

Clibadium sp. B

5956 

COMMUNITY MOTT – Pollination 

Osmia atriventris 

Osmia conjucta 

Osmia lignaria 

Osmia simillima 

Osmia sp. 

Ceratina calcarata 

Xylocopa virginica virginica 


Nomada Heminomada bishopii 

Nomada Heminomada luteola 

Nomada Gnathias perplexa 

Nomada Nomada pygmaea 

Nomada Nomada sayi 

Nomada sp. 

Bombus bimaculatus 

Bombus pennsylvanicus 

Andrena Scaphandrena arabis 

Andrena Melandrena carlini 

Andrena Trachandrena ceanothi 

Andrena Melandrena dunningi 

Andrena Ptilandrena erigeniae 

Andrena Scrapopteris imatrix 

Andrena Simandrena nasonii 

Andrena Euandrena nigrihirta 

Andrena Micrandrena personata 

Andrena Andrena tridens 

Andrena Tomelissa violae 

Andrena Micrandrena ziziaeformis 

Augochlora pura 

Evylaeus macoupinensis 

Lassioglossum fuscipenne 

halictid sp. 

Augochorella striata 

Dialictus abanci 

Dialictus cressonii 

Lycaenopsis argiolus 

Euchlo creusa lotta 

Bombylius major 

Hylemya platura 

Gonia sp. 

Platycheirus obscurus 

Toxomerus geminatus 

AN_MOTT PL_MOTT 

Uvularia sessilifolia 

Trillium catesbei 

Erythronium umbilicatum 

Sanguinaria canadensis 

Podophyllum peltatum 

Thalictrum thalictroides 

Hepatica americana 

Stellaria pubera 

Claytonia virginica 

Tiarella cordifolia 

Viola papilionacea 

Cardamine angustata 

Aesculus sylvatica

5956 

COMMUNITY MULL – Pollination 

AN_MULL 

Amblycerus piurae 

Orthoperus sp. 

Mordellistena galapagensis 

Naucles sp. 

Ammophorus sp. 

Oxacis sp. 

Hypasclera collenettei 

Hypasclera sp. 

Goniozus sp. 

Xylocopa darwini 

Camponotus planus 

Cardiocondyla nuda 

Monomorium floricola 

Tapinoma melanocephalum 

Tetramorium guineense 

Wasmannia auropunctata 

Paratrechina longicornis 

Paratrechina vaga 

Gelechioidea Moth 

Atteva hysginiella 

Tortricidae Moth 

Disclisioprocta stellata 

Urbanus dorantes 

Leptotes parrhasioides 

Phoebis sennae 

Utetheisa galapagensis 

Melipotis indomita 

Pseudoplusia includens 

Heliothis cystiphora 

Enyo lugubris delanoi 

Hawk moth Sphing. 

Agrius cingulatus 

Manduca rustica 

Pyralidae Moth 

Euchromius ocellus 

Olcella sp. 

Toxomerus crockeri 

Lepidanthrax tinctus 

Mythenteles sp. 

PL_MULL 

Persea maericana 

Setaria geniculta 

Canna sp. 

Polygonum opelousanum 

Plumbago scandens 

Sesuvium portulacastrum 

Commicarpus tuberosus 

Mirabilis jalapa 

Bougainvillea spectabilis 

Cryptocarpus pyriformis 

Portulaca oleracea 

Opuntia echios 1 

Opuntia echios 2 

Opuntia helleri 

Opuntia megasperma 

Opuntia sp. 1 

Opuntia sp. 2 

Cuphea racemosa 

Psidium guajava 

Miconia robinsoniana 

Tribulus cistoides 

Passiflora foetida 

Euphorbia cyathophora 

Croton scouleri 

Piscidia carthagenesis 

Geoffroea spinosa 

Rhynchosia minima 

Caesalpinia pulcherrima 

Parkinsonia aculeata 

Prosopis juliflora 

Vigna luteola 

Crotalaria incana 

Galactia striata 

Inga edulis 

Acacia insulae-iacobi 

Acacia macracantha 

Cassia occidentalis 

Cassia picta 

Cassia sp. 

Cucurbita pepo 


Carica papaya 

Brassica campestris 

Malvastrum coromandelianum 

Abelmoschus manihot 

Waltheria ovata 

Bastardia viscosa 

Hibiscus teliaceus 

Abutilon depauperatum 

Gossypium barbadense 

Gossypium sp. 

Sida acuta 

Sida paniculata 

Sida rhombifolia 

Sida spinosa 

Castela galapageia 

Bursera graveolens 

Cardiospermum galapageium 

Mentzelia aspera 

Phyla sp. 

Cordia leucophlyctis 

Cordia lutea 

Cordia sp. 

Tournefortia psilostachya 

Tournefortia rufo-sericea 


Chiococca alba 

Psychotria rufipes 

Diodia radula 

Vallesia glabra 

Catharanthus roseus 

Avicennia germinans 

Tetramerium nervosum 

Justicia galapagana 

Bacopa monniera 

Galvezia leucantha 

Galvezia leucantha 1 

Stachytarpheta cayanensis 

Lantana peducularis 

Clerodendrum molle glabr. 

Clerodendrum molle 

Clerodendrum molle var. 

Ipomoea linearifolia 

Ipomoea pes-caprae 

Ipomoea sp. 

Solanum americanum 

Cacabus miersii 

Capsicum frutescens 

Nolana galapagensis 

Physalis pubescens 

Lycopersicon cheesmanii 

Lycopersicon cheesmanii minor 

Scaevola plumieri 

Jaegeria gracilis 

Encelia hispida 

Bidens pilosa 

Macraea laricifolia 

Sonchus oleraceus 

Ageratum conyzoides 

Darwiniothamnus tenuifolius 

Scalesia affinis 

Scalesia beurii 

Scalesia helleri 

Scalesia pedunculata 

Scalesia sp.

5956 

COMMUNITY NCOR – Frugivory 

AN_NCOR 

Columba palumbus 

Dendrocopos major 

Parus caeruleus 

Parus major 

Parus ater 

Parus cristatus 


Sylvia borin 

Sylvia communis 

Sylvia conspicillata 


Sylvia melanocephala 

Sitta europaea 

Emberiza cia 

Coccothraustes coccothraustes 

Fringilla coelebs 

Loxia curvirostra 

Serinus citinella 

Serinus serinus 



Phoenicurus ochruros 


Turdus pilaris 

Turdus torquatus 

Turdus iliacus 

Turdus viscivorus 

Turdus merula 


Pica pica 

Garrulus glandarius 

Corvus corone 

Corvus corax 

PL_NCOR 

Taxus baccata 

Juniperus phoenicea 

Juniperus communis 

Juniperus sabina 

Juniperus oxycedrus 

Arum italicum 

Polygonatum odoratum 

Berberis vulgaris 

Paeonia officinalis 

Daphne laureola 

Sorbus aria 


Rosa canina 

Amelanchier ovalis 

Cotoneaster granatensis 

Rubus ulmifolius 

Prunus mahaleb 

Prunus 

Rhamnus myrtifolius 

Rhamnus saxatilis 

Rubia peregrina 

Hedera helix 

Lonicera arborea 

Lonicera splendida 

Lonicera etrusca

5956 

COMMUNITY NNOG – Frugivory 


Dendrocopos major 


Parus major 

Parus ater 

Parus cristatus 



Sylvia borin 


Emberiza cia 

Coccothraustes coccothraustes 

Loxia curvirostra 




Phoenicurus ochruros 



Turdus torquatus 


Turdus viscivorus 

Turdus merula 


Pica pica 

Garrulus glandarius 

Corvus corone 

Corvus corax 

AN_NNOG PL_NNOG 

Taxus baccata 

Juniperus phoenicea 

Juniperus communis 

Juniperus sabina 

Juniperus oxycedrus 

Berberis vulgaris 

Paeonia officinalis 

Daphne laureola 

Sorbus aria 


Rosa canina 

Prunus mahaleb 

Amelanchier ovalis 

Rhamnus myrtifolius 

Rhamnus saxatilis 

Hedera helix 

Lonicera arborea 

Lonicera splendida

5956 

COMMUNITY OFLO – Pollination 

AN_OFLO not available 


PL_OFLO 

Freesia 

Beta maritima 

Silene vulgaris 


Reseda luteola 

Crithmum maritimum 

Daucus carota 

Azorina vidalii 


Solidago sempervirens

5956 

COMMUNITY OFST – Pollination 

AN_OFST 


Dasytes plumbeus 

Byturus aestivus 

Olibrus aeneus 

Meligethes spp. 

Epuraea depressa 

Anaspis flava 

Anaspis rufilabris Gyllenhal 

Anaspis frontalis 

Leptura rubra 

Grammoptera ruficornis 

Rhynchites germanicus 

Ceuthorhynchus pollinarius 

Strophosoma capitatus 



Nemophora degrella 

Adscita statices 


Aphantopus hyperantus 


Scatopsidae sp 

Muscidae sp 

Tachinidae sp 

Lauxaniidae sp 

Chloropidae sp 

Opomyzidae sp 

Clusiidae sp 

Chrysogaster solstialis 


Eumerus tuberculatus 

Melanostoma scalare 

Neocnemodon sp. 

Rhingia campestris 

Volucella pellucens 

Empididae sp 


Bibionidae sp 

Mycetophilidae sp 

PL_OFST not available 


5956 

COMMUNITY OLAU – Pollination 

AN_OLAU 

Aleocharinae sp. 

Acmaeodera cisti 

Bruchidius wollastoni 

Attalus sp. 

Brachypterus sp. 

Anaspis proteus 

Mordella israelsoni 

Ichneumoidae sp 

Podalonia tydei 

Sphecodes marginatus 

Sphecodes ruficrus 

Andrena sp 

Thyreus histrionicus 

Anthophora alluaudi 

Bombus canariensis 


Halictus sp. 

Halictinae sp 

Lasioglossum chalcodes 

Lasioglossum loetum 

Cornutiplusia circumflexa 

Macroglossum stellatarum 

Cleora fortunata 

Cyclyrius webbianus 


Aricia cramera 

Lampides boeticus 

Pandoriana pandora 


Pararge xiphioides 

Vanessa indica ssp. vulcanica 

Vanessa atalanta 

Vanessa cardui 

Artogeia rapae 

Gonepteryx cleopatra 

Pontia daplidice 

Colias crocea 

Empis sp. 

Dasyphora albofasciata 

Delia platura 

Tachina canariensis 

Siphona sp. 

Pseudogonia fasciata 

Sapromyza sp 

Drosophila sp. 

Thaumatomyia notata 

Tricimba humeralis 


Meliscaeva auricollis 

Chrysotoxum triarcuatum 

Heringia adpropinquans 

Myotropa florea 

Bibio elmoi 

Sciaridae sp 

PL_OLAU 

Laurus azorica 

Appollonias barbujana 

Ranunculus cortusaefolius 

Silene gallica 

Aichryson laxum 

Geranium canariense 

Geranium robertianum 

Viola riviniana 

Hypericum grandifolium 

Rhamnus glandulosa 

Adenocarpus foliosus 

Psoralea bituminosa 

Raphanus raphanistrum 

Cistus monspeliensis 

Erica arborea 

Echium plantagineum 

Picconia excelsa 

Cedronella canariensis 

Ilex canarienis 

Ageratina adenophora 

Senecio steetzii 

Carduus tenuiflorus 

Anacyclus radiatus 

Argyranthemum broussonetti 

Galactites tomentosa 

Andryala pinnatifida 

Leontodon taraxacoides 

Sonchus cf. 

Sonchus tenerrimus

5956 

COMMUNITY OLLE – Pollination 

AN_OLLE 

Chrysomelidae sp1 

Chrysomelidae sp2 



Elateridae sp 


Lycidae sp 

Scarabaeinae sp. 1 



Atrichelaphinis tigrina 

Cyrtothyrea marginalis 

Arge sp. 


Halictidae sp. 1 

Halictidae sp. 2 

Tiphia sp. 

Hemipepsis hilaris 

Pompilidae sp. 2 

Unid. butterfly 

Unid. micromoth 

Bibionidae sp 

Sarcophaga sp 

Calliphoridae genus 1 



Tachinidae Goniinae 

Tachinidae genus 2 

Microphthalma sp. 1 

Microphthalma sp. 2 

Musca domestica 

Muscidae genus 2 

Dacus sp. 

Chloropidae sp 

Sepsidae sp. 1 



Empididae sp. 1 

Empididae sp. 2 

PL_OLLE not available 


5956 

COMMUNITY PERC – Pollination 

AN_PERC 

Unidentified green beetle 

Unidentified beetle 

Dielis dorsata 

Unidentified Wasp 

Formicidae black ant 3sp. 

Formicidae brown ant 2sp. 

Microbembex monadonta 


Anthophorid 

Exomalopsis sp. 

Euglossa cordata 

Xylocopa sp. 

Centris dirrhoda 

Centris sp. 

Anartia jatrophae 

Papilio polydamas 

Leptotes cassius 

Strymon columella 

Junonia spp. 

Agraulis vanillae 

Danaus gilippus 

Danaus eresimus 

Phoebis sennae 

Eurema 

Ascia josephina 

Polygonus leo 

Urbanus proteus 

Hylephila phyleus 

Culex sp 

Eristalis vinatorum 

Unidentified fly 

PL_PERC 

Broughtonia sanguinea 

Sesuvium portulacastrum 

Philoxerus vermicularis 

Alternanthera ficoidea 

Cissus sicycoides 

Conocarpus erectus 

Tribulus cistoides 

Turnera ulmifolia 

Argythamnia candicans 

Euphorbia heterophylla 

Euphorbia hyssopifolia 

Malpighia glabra 

Byrsonima coriacea 

Bunchosia media 


Mimosa pudica 

Piscidia piscipula 

Bauhinia divaricata 

Indigofera tinctoria 

Crotalaria verrucosa 

Stylosanthes hamata 

Cassia sp. 

Cassia occidentalis 

Capparis ferruginea 

Bursera simaruba 

Waltheria indica 

Guazuma ulmifolia 

Melochia nodiflora 

Jacquinia arborea 

Ehretia tinifolia 

Bourreria succulenta 

Cordia globosa 

Cordia gerascanthus 

Cordia sebestena 

Cordia brownei 

Borreria laevis 

Morinda royoc 

Rhabdadenia biflora 

Urechites lutea 

Sarcostemma clausum 

Asclepias curassavica 

Capraria biflora 

Blechum pyramidatum 

Avicennia germinans 

Thunbergia fragrans 

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 

Lippia nodiflora 

Lantana involucrata 


Evolvulus nummularius 

Merremia umbellata 

Ipomoea acuminata 

Ipomoea tiliacea 

Physalis angulata 

Solanum erianthum 

Solanum havanense 

Solanum torvum 

Vernonia cinerea 

Eupatorium odoratum 

 

Spilanthes urens 

Mikania micrantha

5956 

COMMUNITY PRAP – Pollination 

AN_PRAP 

Mordella detracta 

Zorion minutum 

Adoxia cheesemani 

Adoxia obscura 

Hoplocneme sp. 

Rhopalomerus sp. 

Asilis pilicomis 

Cyphon sp. 

Lasioglossum A 

Leioproctus maritimus 

Leioproctus fulvescens 

Leioproctus A 

Leioproctus D 

Eudonia sabulosella 

Pasiphila inductata 

Argyrophenga janitae 

Eulalia sp. 

Apsonia muscaria 

Calliphora quadrimaculata 

Erythronychia aliena 

Gracilicera setosa 

Mallochomacquartia setiventris 

Peremptor modica 

Veluta albicincta 

Avibrissina isolata 

Avibrissina n. Sp. 

Heteria appendiculata 

Heteria plebeia 

Neotachina n. sp. 

Neotachina obtusa 

Occisor n. sp. 

Occisor versutus 

Procissio near kumarensis 

Proscissio cana 

Proscissio kumarensis 

Proscissio lateralis 

Protohystricia huttoni 

Protohystricia orientalis 

Zealandotachina nigrifemorata 

Zealandotachina varipes 

Muscidae sp 

Musc sp 

Helophilus hochstetteri 

Lepidomyia decessum 

Pilinasica cingulata 

Xylota montana 

Cheilosia fulvipes 

Cheilosia sp. 

Melangyna novaezelandiae 

Melangyna ortas 

Melangyna sp. 

Empididae sp 


PL_PRAP 

Ranunculus lyalii 

Hoheria glabrata 

Galium propinquum 

Gentiana corymbifera 

Parahebe lyalii 

Hebe odora 

Ourisia macrocarpa 

Wahlenbergia albomarginata 

Pratia angulata 

Helichrysum bellidioides 

Cassinia vauvilliersi 

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

Craspedia uniflora 

Celmisia coriacea 

Celmisia armstrongii 

Senecio bellidioides 

Senecio bidwilli 

Senecio scorzoneroides

5956 

COMMUNITY PRCA – Pollination 

AN_PRCA * 


Selenopalpus aciphyllae 



Hoplocneme sp. 

Oreocalus hebe 

Dasytes subcyaneus 

Arthracanthus obscuricollis 

Cyphon sp. 

Cyphon aff. suturahs 

Pseudofoenus pedunculatus 

Chelaner antarcticus 

Appis mellifera 


Bombus hortotum 

Bombus ruderatus 

Leioproctus [10 spp.] 

Hylaeus [3 spp.] 

Lasioglossum sordidum 


Gelechia lithodes 

Lycaena salustius 

Lycaena boldenarium 

Argirophenga sp. 

Argyrophenga antipodium 

Austrocidaria similata 

Eucymatoge gobiata 

Homodotis megaspilata 

Ischalis fortinata 

Notoreas cataphyrrha 

Sestra flexata 

Declana junctilinea 

Declana niveata 

Ephiphryne undosata 

Epiphryne xanthaspis 

Helastia cineraria 

Helastia semisignata 

Hydriomena rixata 

Hydriomena deltoidata 

Pasiphila bilineolata 

Pasiphila inductata 

Pasiphila nereis 

Pasiphila sandycias 

Pasiphila sp near dryas 

Pasiphila sp. grey 

Pseudocoremia monacha 

Pseudocoremia scariphota 

Rictonis comma 

Agrotis ipsilon anieturma 

Leucania toroneura 

Graphania omoplaca 

Graphania sequens 

Graphania disjungens 


Mecyna flavidalis 

Pareromene pyrsophanes 

Orocrambus crenaeus 

Orocrambus flexuosellus 

Orocrambus lectus 

Scoparia minisculalis 

Scoparia philerga 

Scoparia rotuella 

Scoparia submarginalis 

Philia nigrostigma 

Eulalia sp. 

Sawpogon proximus 

Hybopygia varia 

Calliphora [5 spp.] 

Lucilia sericata 

Bothrophora lupina 

Calcager apertum 

Campylia nudarum 

Evibrissa huttoni 


Neotachina sp. 

Pales [5 spp.] 


Perrissina brunniceps 

Plagiomyia turbidum 

Zealandotachina [4 spp.] 

Avibrissina brevivalpis 


Heteria appendiculata 

Heteria plebeia 



Procissio valida 

Proscissio albiceps 



Proscission sp. 

Protohystirica huttoni 

Protohystricia alcis 

Protohystricia huttoni 1 

Scaptia Pseudoscione adrel 

Scaptia Pseudoscione brevipalpis 

Musc. sp 

Muscidae sp 

Melangyna ortas [4 spp.] 





Helophilus antipodus 

Empididae sp 


PL_PRCA 

Muehlenbeckia axillaris 

Muehlenbeckia complexa 

Epilobium sp. 

Leptospermum scoparium 

Linum catharticum 

Carmichaelia angusta 

Cytisus scoparius 

Lupinus polyphyllus 



Discaria toumatou 

Rosa rubiginosa 

Potentilla anserina 

Pimelea traversii 

Pimelea sericeo-villosa 

Dracophyllum acerosum 

Echium vulgare 


Marrubium vulgare 

Digitalis purpurea 

Verbascum thapsis 

Parahebe decora 

Parahebe lyalii 

Hebe salicifolia 

Hebe brachysiphon 

Aciphylla subflavellata 

Corokia cotoneaster 



Isotoma fluviatilis 


Helichrysum selago 

Olearia virgata 

Brachycome sinclairii 

Cassinia fulvida 


Celmisia spectabilis 

Celmisia gracilenta 

Raoulia subsericea 

Raoulia lutescens 

Raoulia mammilaris 





within brackets.

5956 

COMMUNITY PRCG – Pollination 

AN_PRCG * 

Rygmodus cyaneus 


Dasytes subcyaneus 



Adoxia cheesemani 

Hoplocneme sp.2 

Rhopalomerus sp. 

Peristoreus sp. 

Asilis pilicomis 

Cyphon sp. 

Cyphon aff. fuscifrons 

Pseudofoenus pedunculatus 

Chelaner antarcticus 

Appis mellifera 



Lasioglossum sordidum 

Leioproctus [9 spp.] 


Hylaeus relegatus 

Hylaeus sp. 

Gelechia lithodes 

Gelophaula aenea 


Orocrambus crenaeus 

Pareromene pyrsophanes 

Scoparia minisculalis 

Scoparia philerga 

Scoparia rotuella 

Scoparia submarginalis 

Argirophenga sp. 

Lycaena salustius 

Lycaena boldenarium 

Asaphodes clarata 

Austrocidaria similata 

Dasyuris anceps 

Declana junctilinea 

Helastia cineraria 

Homodotis megaspilata 

Hydriomena deltoidata 

Pasiphila [4 spp.] 

Sestra flexata 

Notoreas anthracias 

Notoreas cataphyrrha 

Notoreas mechanitis 

Graphania omoplaca 

Rictonis comma 

Calliphora [4 spp.] 

Calcager nudum 

Erythronychia aliena 


Heteria [3 spp.] 

Mallochomacquartia setiventris 

Medinella flavotemorata 

Pales tecta 

Perrissina brunniceps 

Plagiomyia turbidum 

Veluta albicincta 

Xenorhynchia peeli 

Zealandotachina [4 spp.] 

Avibrissina brevivalpis 


Neotachina n. sp. 

Neotachina obtusa 




Peremptor n. sp. 

Proscissio albiceps 


Proscissio kumarensis 


Proscission sp. 

Protohystirica huttoni 

Protohystricia huttoni 

Muscidae sp 

Musc. sp 




Cheilosia captalis 

Cheilosia fulvipes 

Cheilosia sp. 

Melangyna novaezelandiae 

Melangyna ortas 

Melangyna sp. 

Empididae sp 


Eulalia sp. 

Scaptia adrel 

Scaptia brevipalpis 

PL_PRCG 

Ranunculus enysii 

Muehlenbeckia axillaris 

Epilobium sp. 

Leptospermum scoparium 

Viola cunninghamii 

Geum uniflorum 

Pimelea traversii 

Drapetes dieffenbachii 

Dracophyllum pronum 

Gentiana montana 


Galium perpusillum 

Euphrasia revoluta 

Euphrasia zelandica 

Parahebe decora 

Ourisia caespitosa 

Hebe subalpina 

Hebe pinguifolia 

Hebe epacridea 

Hebe odora 

Aciphylla scott-thompsoni 

Anisotome aromatica 

Anisotome flexuosus 



Pratia macrodon 

Donatia novae-zelandiae 

Phyllachne colensoi 

Senecio scorzoneroides 

Brachycome sinlcairii 

Cassinia vauvilliersii 

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

Leucogenes grandiceps 

Cotula pyrethrifolia 

Hypochaeris radicata 

Craspedia uniflora 

Helichrysum selago 

Helichrysum bellidioides 

Celmisia spectabilis 

Celmisia discolor 

Celmisia petiolata 

Celmisia gracilenta 

Celmisia laricifolia 

Celmisia lyalii 

Celmisia sessiliflora 

Raoulia subsericea 

Raoulia grandiflora 

Hieracium praealtum 

Hieracium pilosella 





within brackets.

5956 

COMMUNITY PTND – Pollination 

AN_PTNDf 

Phylogeny at the 

family level (total of 

666 spp.) 

Scarabeidae 

Dermestidae 

Coccinelidae 

Nitidulidae 

Phalacridae 

Curculionidae 

Melyridae 

Cleridae 

Meloidae 

Mordellidae 

Oedemeridae 

Phytidae 

Tenebrionidae 

Bruchidae 

Cerambycidae 

Chrysomelidae 

Buprestidae 

Cantharidae 

Cephidae 

Gasteruptiidae 

Chrisididae 

Sphecidae 

Halictidae 

Melittidae 

Apidae 

Megachiliidae 

Andrenidae 

Colletidae 

Vespidae 

Scoliidae 

Tiphiidae 

Sapygidae 

Ichneoumoidae 

Braconidae 

Argidae 

Tenthredinidae 

Incurvariidae 

Zygaenidae 

Sphingidae 

Hesperiidae 

Pieridae 

Papilionidae 

Lycaenidae 

Nymphalidae 

Chironomidae 

Bibionidae 

Stratiomyidae 

Syrphidae 

Rhinophoridae 

Tachinidae 

Sarcophagidae 

Calliphoridae 

Scatophagidae 

Anthomyiidae 

Muscidae 

Psilidae 

Otitidae 

Tephritidae 

Lauxaniidae 

Sepsidae 

Agromyzidae 

Chloropidae 

Camillidae 

Drosophilidae 

Empididae 

Dolichopodidae 

Bombyliidae 

Asilidae 

PL_PTND 

Arisarum vulgare 

Gagea granatelli 

Urginea maritima 

Fritillaria graeca 

Muscari comosum 

Muscari neglectum 

Muscari commutatum 

Ophrys lutea 

Ophrys sphegodes 

Ophrys tenthredinifera 

Iris pumila 

Crocus cancellatus 

Crocus laevigatus 

Asphodelus aestivus 

Sternbergia lutea 

Allium subhirsutum 

Allium neapolitanum 

Asparagus acutifolius 

Ornithogalum exscapum 

Scilla autumnalis 

Papaver rhoeas 

Delphinium peregrinum 

Nigella arvensis 

Ranunculus spruneranus 

Anemone coronaria 

Anemone pavonina 

Osyris alba 

Silene colorata 

Petrorhagia velutina 

Geranium rotundifolium 

Erodium malacoides 

Erodium cicutarium 

Oxalis pes-caprae 

Euphorbia acanthothamnos 

linum strictum 

Hypericum triquetrifolium 

Hypericum empetrifolium 

Sarcopoterium spinosum 

Ecballium elaterium 

Ononis ornithopioides 

Lathyrus cicera 

Psoralea bituminosa 

Anthyllis hermanniae 

Medicago lupulina 

Astragalus monspessulanus 

Hymenocarpos circinnatus 

Scaligera cretica 

Trifolium stellatum 


Ruta graveolens 

Reseda alba 

Malcolmia chia 

Capsella bursa-pastoris 

Cardaria draba 

Capparis ovata 

Eruca vesicaria 

Hirschfeldia incana 

Sisymbrium orientale 

Biscutella didyma 

Thymelaea hirsuta 

Thymelaea tartonraira 

Fumana thymifolia 

Fumana arabica 

Fumana amarysia 

Cistus parviflorus 

Cistus salvifolius 

Malva sylvestris 

Alcea pallida 

Ebenus sibthorpii 

Erica manipuliflora 

Cyclamen graecum 

Anagallis arvensis 

Sherardia arvensis 

Alkanna tinctoria 

Echium angustifolium 

Anchusa undulata 

Anchusa variegata 

Heliotropium hirsutissimum 

Heliotropium dolosum 

Heliotropium europaeum 

Acanthus spinosus 

Satureja thymbra 

Thymus capitatus 

Prasium majus 

Stachys cretica 

Lamium amplexicaule 

Phlomis fructicosa 

Teucrium polium 

Ballota acetabulosa 

Salvia verbenaca 

Salvia triloba 

Veronica persica 

Plantago lagopus 

Globularia alypum 

Bellardia trixago 

Verbascum undulatum 

Convolvulus althaeoides 

Convolvulus cantabrica 

Convolvulus arvensis 

Scandix australis 

Thapsia garganica 

Daucus guttatus 

Eryngium campestre 

Tordylium apulum 

Pterocephalus papposus 

Tremastelma palestinum 

Scabiosa atropurpurea 

Campanula drabifolia 

Helichrysum stoechas 

Calendula arvensis 

Senecio vulgaris 

Pallenis spinosa 

Chrysanthemum coronarium 

Dittrichia graveolens 

Carduus pycnocephalus 

Echinops microcephalus 

Phagnalon graecum 

Reichardia picroides 


Bellis annua 

Chamomilla recutita 

Hypochoeris achyrophorus 

Scolymus hispanicus 

Crupina crupinastrum 

Tragopogon porrifolius 

Scorzonera cana 

Scorzonera lanata 

Chondrilla junea 

Chondrilla ramosissima 

Centaurea orphanidea 

Centaurea raphanina

5956 

COMMUNITY RABR – Pollination 

AN_RABR 

Pepsis sp. 

Campsomeris dorsata 

Eumenes sp. 

Polistes subsericeus 

Parancistrocerus sp. 

Polybia ignobilis 

Polybia occidentalis 

Cerceris sp. 

Sphex melanopus 

Augochlora sp. 

Augochlora sp. 3 

Augochlorensis callichroa 

Auhochloropsis vesta 

Augochloropsis sp. 

Pereirapis sp. 2 

Dialictus sp. 

Dialictus sp. 7 

Anthidiellum sp. 

Athidium sp. 

Megachile sp. 

Ceratina sp. 


Xylocopa fibriata 


Euglossa cordata 

Eulaema nigrita 

Melipona favosa 

Trigona angustula 

Junonia evarete 

Eurema nise 

Heliopetes arsalte 

Pyrgus oileus orcus 

Cogia calchas 

Pompeius amblyspoila 

Urbanus dorantes 

Urbanus simplicius 

Tabanus sp 

Cyclocephala gravis 

Phaenica sp. 

Chrysagria duodecimpuntata 

Helicobia morionella 

Sarcophagula occidua 

Ornidia obesa 

Palpada pusio 

Toxomerus floralis 

Toxomerus marginatus 

PL_RABR 

Montrichardia arborescens 

Sagittaria guyanensis 

Rhynchospora barbata 

Rhynchospora velutina 

Syngonanthus caulescens 

Xyris laxifolia 

Xyris savanensis 

Panicum laxum 

Aristida capillacea 

Paspalum pilosum 

Heliconia psittacorum 

Thalia geniculata 

Cuphea o'donellii 

Ludwigia decurrens 

Ludwigia nervosa 

Rhynchanthera serrulata 

Pterolepis glomerata 

Clidemia capitellata 

Desmoscelis villosa 

Miconia stephananthera 

Sauvagesia rubiginosa 

Croton hirtus 

Caperonia pallustris 

Mimosa camporum 

Aeschynomene pratensis 

Desmodium barbatum 

Byttnera scabra 

Melochia villosa 

Diodia multiflora 

Shultesia brachyptera 

Sinningia sp. 

Hyptis conferta 

Hyptis dilatata

5956 

COMMUNITY RMRZ – Pollination 

AN_RMRZ 

Cyclocephala sp1 

Cyclocephala sp2 

Hylaeus sp. 


Ceratina sp. 

Euglossa sp. 

Eulaema meriana 


Xylocopa sp. 

Bombus atratus 

Bombus pullatus 

Bombus volucelloides 

Melipona compresipes 

Melipona scutellaris 

Augochlora sp3 

Pereirapsis 

Pseudaugochloropsis sp 1 

Augochloropsis sp 0 



Dialictus sp 1 

Dialictus sp 2 

Cerciris sp. 

Oxybelus sp. 

Sticia sp. 

Tachites sp. 

Sphex ichneumoneus 

Sphex sp. 

Pepsis sp. 

Campsomeris sp. 

Brachygastra lecheguana 

Montezumia azurescens 

Pachodynerus nasidens 

Polistes lanio soikai 

Polistes vibex braeceps 

Polybia occidentalis 

Polybia scrobalis 

Calicopis sp 

Panoquina bola 

Vehilius inca 

Pyrrhogige sp. 

Sarcodexia innota 

Cylindromia sp 

Copestylum sp. 

Eristalis sp. 

Volucella sp. 

PL_RMRZ 

Philodendron ptarianum 

Sobralia liliastrum 

Pogonia stricta 

Epistephium duckei 

Epidendrum ibaguense 

Catasetum discolor 

Eriopsis biloba 

Stegolepsis angustata 

Brocchinia acuminata 

Xyris setigera 

Phthirusa adunca 

Meriana sclerophylla 

Tibouchina fraterna 

Miconia ciliata 

Siphanthera cordifolia 

Marcetia taxifolia 

Tococa nitens 

Macairea pachyphylla 

Macairea parvifolia 

Humiria balsamifera 

Vismia lauriformis 

Clusia pusilla 

Clusia grandiflora 

Poecilandra retusa 

Sauvagesia angustifolia 

Cybianthus quelchii 

Cyrilla racemiflora 

Notopora schomburgkii 

Befaria glauca 

Vaccinium puberulum 

Vaccinium euryanthum 

Digomphia laurifolia 

Ternstroemia crassifolia 

Sipanea galioides 

Declieuxia fruticosa 

Borreria capitata 

Remijia densiflora 

Bonnetia sessilis 

Pagameopsis garryoides 

Heliamphora heterodoxa 

Irlbachia nemorosa 

Mandevilla benthamii 

Galactophora schomburgkiana 

Ilex retusa 

Vernonia bolivariensis 

Chromolanea sp. 

Calea lucidivenia 

Mikania psilotachya

5956 

COMMUNITY SAPF – Frugivory 

AN_SAPF 


Columba janthina 

Sphenurus formosae 

Ficedula narcissina 

Turdus dauma 

Turdus pallidus 

Turdus chrysolaus 

Hypsipetes amaurotis 

Zosterops japonica 

PL_SAPF 

Eurya japonica 

Kadsura japonica 

Litsea acuminata 

Persea thunbergii 

Neolitsea aciculata 

Neolitsea sericea 

Taxillus yadoriki 

Daphniphyllum teijsmannii 

Syzygium buxifolium 

Elaeocarpus japonica 

Elaeocarpus sylvestris 

Myrica rubra 

Prunus jamasakura 

Rhaphiolepis indica 

Cleyera japonica 

Diospyros morrisiana 

Symplocos prunifolia 

Myrsine sguinii 

Ardisia sieboldii 

Vaccinium bracteatum 

Actinidia arguta 

Morinda umbellata 

Psychotria serpens 

Ilex goshiensis 

Ilex rotunda 

Schefflera octophylla 

Lonicera affinis

5956 

COMMUNITY SCHM – Pollination 


Bombus griseocollis 

Ceratina metallica 

Nomada luteola 

Augochlora pura 

Augochlorella striata 

Halictus confusus 

Lasioglossum forbesii 

Dialictus coeruleus 

Dialictus oblongus 

Dialictus obscurus 

Dialictus imitatus 

Dialictus zephyrus 

Andrena carlini 

Andrena irgeniae 

Andrena forbesii 

Andrena mansonii 

Andrena rugosa 

Andrena cressoni 

Andrena miserabilis 

Andrena erythronii 

Andrena personata 

Andrena sp 

Helophilus fasciatus 


Metasyrphus americanus 

Eristalis dimidiatus 

Carposcalis obscura 

Mesograpta marginata 

Xylota nemorum 

Syrphus torvus 

Syrphus sp 

AN_SCHM PL_SCHM 


Erythronium 

Isopyrum 

Sanguinaria 

Dicentra cu 

Dicentra ca 

Claytonia 

 

Dentaria

5956 

COMMUNITY SMAL – Pollination 

AN_SMAL 

Macrodactlyus subspinosus 

Cyphon variabilis 

Dialictus pilosus 

Colletes inaequalis 

Andrena alleghaniensis 

Andrena bradleyi 

Andrena carlini 

Andrena carolina 

Andrena mandibularis 

Andrena regularis 

Andrena vicina 


Bombus terricola 

Pyrobombus impatiens 

Pyrobombus perplexus 

Pyrobombus sandersoni 

Pyrobombus ternarius 

Adela purpurea 

Thymelicus lineola 

Dilophus caurinus 

Hybomitra minuscula 

Hybomitra typhus 

Spilogona fatima 

Pyrophaena rosarum 


Eristalis dimidiata 


Toxomerus marginatus 

Syrphus torvus 

Helophilus latifrons 

Helophilus fasciatus 

Helophilus laetus 

PL_SMAL 

Smilacina trifolia 

Calopogon pulchellus 

Salix fragilis 

Spiraea alba 

Aronia melanocarpa 

Nemopanthus mucronata 

Andromeda glaucophylla 

Ledum groenlandicum 

Chamaedaphne calyculata 

Vaccinium myrtilloides 

Gaylussacia baccata 

Kalmia polifolia 

Kalmia angustifolia

5956 

COMMUNITY SMRA – Pollination 

AN_SMRA * 

Adalia deficiens 

Melanophthalma aff. seminigra 

Eurymetopun obscurum 

Eurymetopun prasinum 

Eurymetopun proteus 

Hylodanacea binotus 

Hylodanacea elegans 

Mordellidae [7 spp.] 

Mecopselaphus maculicollis 

Mordella erythrura 

Mordella luctuosa 

Callideriphus laetus 

Chenoderus testaceus 

Platynocera gracilipes 

Platynocera gracilis 

Clamirius apicarius 

Chlamysus sp. 

Dasydema hirtella 

Rhopalomerus tenuirostris 

Scirtidae [11 spp.] 

Chauliognathus sp. 

Dysmorphocellus sp. 

Hyponotum kraussei 

Schizochelus serratus 

Staphylinidae [7 spp.] 

Hypodynerus sp. 

Vespula germanica 

Vespidae Species 2 

Vespidae Euneminae Species 1 

Pompilidae Species 1 

Pompilidae Species 2 

Diphaglossa gayi 



Caenohalictus movilicornis 

Callochlora chloris 

Cadeguala albopilosa 

Cadeguala occipitalis 

Corynura corynogastra 

Corynura patagonica 

Corynura rubella 

Corynura aff. lepida 

Corynura aff. atrovirens 

Braconidae sp 2 

Ichneumonidae Species 1 

Ichneumonidae Species 2 

Scaptia pseudomelpia horrens 

Bombyliidae Species 1 

Calliphoridae [4 spp.] 

Sarcophagidae [5 spp.] 

Lypha erigonopsidis 

Morphodexia sp. 

Peleteria filipalpis 

Tachinidae Species 2 

Tachinidae Species 3 

Fannia [7 spp.] 

Craspedochaeta linbinervis 

Lauxaniidae Species 1 

Lauxaniidae Species 4 

Cheilosia nitescens 

Macrometopia atra 

Melanostoma [4 spp.] 

Stilbosona cyanea 

Syrphus octomaculatus 

Tropidia sp. 

New species 

Allograpta hortensis 

Allograpta pulchra 

Dolichogyna chilensis 

Dolichogyna nigripes 

Eristalis assimilis 

Eristalis elegans 


Fazia bullaephora 

Fazia macquarti 

Mesograpta calceolatus 

Mesograpta philippi 

Empididae Species 1 

Thrypticus sp. 1 

Megalybus crassus 

Trichophthalma commutata 

Trichophthalma herbsti 

Vanessa sp. 

Eroessa chilensis 

PL_SMRA 

* Obs: politomies within genera or 

families were removed for clarity (but 

were included in analyses). Number of 

species included as soft politomies 

within each group are shown 

in brackets. 

Luzuriaga polyphylla 

Luzuriaga radicans 

Berberis darwinii 

Berberis buxifolia 

Embothrium coccineum 

Gevuina avellana 

Ovidia pillo 

Myrteola nummularia 

Tepualia stipularis 

Luma apiculata 

Amomyrtus luma 

Amomyrtus meli 

Myrceugenia ovata 

Myrceugenia planipes 

Myrceugenia parvifolia 

Ugni candollei 

Ugni molinae 

Eucryphia cordifolia 

Caldcluvia paniculata 

Hydrangea serratifolia 

Anagallis alternifolia 

Gaultheria mucronata 

Gaultheria phillyreifolia 

Rhaphithamnus spinosus 

Mitraria coccinea 

Asteranthera ovata

5956 

COMMUNITY SNOW – Frugivory 

AN_SNOW 

Euphonia violacea 


Thraupis episcopus 

Thraupis palmarum 

Tangara guttata 

Tangara mexicana 

Tangara gyrola 

Chlorophanes spiza 

Dacnis cayana 

Cyanerpes caeruleus 

Cyanerpes cyaneus 

Ramphocelus carbo 

Tachyphonus rufus 

Tachyphonus luctuosus 

PL_SNOW 

Piper sp. 

Anthurium gracile 


Gravisia aquilega 

Aechmaea dichlamydea 

Aechmaea mertensii 

Aechmaea nudicaulis 

Doliocarpus dentatus 

Davilla aspera 


Rhipsalis sp. 

Eugenia baileyi 


Calycolpus glaber 

Myrcia sp. 

Myrcia leptoclada 

Clidemia spp. 

Henriettea sp. 

Miconia spp. 

Rourea surinamensis 

Lacistema aggregatum 

Laetia procera 

Clusia spp. 

Byrsonima spicata 

Alchornea glandulosa 

Sapium aucuparium 

Hieronyma caribaea 


Cecropia peltata 

Castilla elastica 

Ficus clusiifolia 

Ficus tobagensis 

Ficus citrifolia 

Sloanea stipilata 


Cupania sp. 

Norantea guianensis 

Cordia bicolor 

Cordia curassavica 

Coussarea paniculata 

Chiococca alba 

Psychotria spp. 

Isertia parviflora 

Aegiphilia integrifolia 

Solanum sp. 

Ilex sp. 

Didymopanax morototoni 

Wulffia baccata

5956 

COMMUNITY WES – Frugivory 

AN_WES 

Tinamus solitarius 

Columba plumbea 

Laniisoma elegans 

Pyroderus scutatus 

Lipaugus lanioides 

Phibalura flavirostris 

Procnias nudicollis 

Neopelma aurifrons 


Ilicura militaris 

Schiffornis virescens 

Pachyramphus castaneus 

Pachyramphus validus 

Tityra inquisitor 

Tityra cayana 

Oxyruncus cristatus 

Myiopagis caniceps 

Phyllomyias fasciatus 

Elaenia mesoleuca 

Elaenia obscura 


Myiarchus swainsoni 

Phylloscartes oustaleti 

Mionectes rufiventris 



Conopias trivirgata 

Megarynchus pitangua 


Empidonomus varius 

Euphonia pectoralis 

Euphonia violacea 

Icterus cayanensis 

Cacicus haemorrhous 

Cacicus chrysopterus 

Habia rubica 


Pitylus fuliginosus 

Hemithraupis ruficapilla 

Dacnis cayana 


Tachyphonus cristatus 


Cissopis leveriana 

Tangara cyanocephala 

Tangara desmaresti 

Tangara seledon 

Tangara peruviana 

Thraupis cyanoptera 

Thraupis ornata 

Thraupis sayaca 

Mimus saturninus 

Atilla rufus 

Platycichla flavipes 

Turdus albicollis 



Turdus leucomelas 

Turdus subalaris 

Hylophilus poicilotis 

Vireo chivi 

Baryphthengus ruficapillus 

Ramphastos dicolorus 

Baillonius bailloni 

Selenidera maculirostris 

Celeus flavescens 

Colaptes campestris 

Melanerpes flavifrons 

Veniliornis spilogaster 

Brotogeris tirica 

Pyrrhura frontalis 

Forpus xanthopterygius 

Triclaria malachitacea 

Pionus maximiliani 

Trogon surrucura 

Trogon viridis 

Trogon rufus 

Odontophorus capueira 

Pipile jacutinga 

Penelope obscura 

PL_WES * 

next page 

Philodendron appendiculatum 

Anthurium crassipes 


Heteropsis rigidifolia 

Heteropsis sp1 

Smilax elastica 

Allibertia mycifolia 

Syagrus romazoffianum 

Euterpe edulis 

Geonoma gamiova 

Geonoma sp1 

Poacea sp 

Bromelia sp1 

Bromelia sp2 

Dichorisandra thyrsiflora 

Hedychium coronarium 

Virola bicuhyba 

Xylopia brasiliensis 

Guatteria dusenii 

Rollinia emarginata 

Rollinia sericea 

Mollinedia boracensis 

Mollinedia floribunda 

Mollinedia uleana 

Lauraceae sp1 

Cryptocarya moschata 

Nectandra [4 spp.] 

Ocotea [9 spp.] 

Persea pyrifolia 

Drimys brasiliensis 

Drimys winterii 

Piper dilatatum 

Piper sp 

Piper corintoanum 

Piper aduncum 

Abuta sellowiana 

Rhipsalis [5 spp.] 

Guapira opposita 

Phytolacca dioica 

Agonandra sp1 

Phoradendron crassifolium 

Loranthaceae sp 

Struthanthus sp 

Struthanthus vulgaris 

Struthanthus concinus 

Psittacanthus sp2 

Psittacanthus sp1 

Fuchsia regia 

Siphoneugena densiflora 

Myrcia [6 spp.] 

Marlierea reitzii 

Neomitranthes glomerata 

Eugenia melanogyna 

Eugenia mosenii 

Eugenia sp1 

Gomidesia schaueriana 

Gomidesia affinis 

Gomidesia fenzliana 

Psidium cattleianum 


Psidium sp1 

Campomanesia guaviroba 

Campomanesia xanthocarpa 

Campomanesia neriiflora 

Ossaea amygdaloides 

Leandra [11 spp.] 

Miconia [17 spp.] 

Maytenus robustus 

Maytenus litoralis 

Passiflora sp 

Clusia criuva 

Vismia sp 

Ouratea vaccinioides 

Sapium glandulatum 

Hieronyma alchorneoides 

Tetrorchidium rubrivenium 

Alchornea triplinervia 

Alchornea glandulosa 


Casearia decandra 

Andira pisonis 

Inga marginata 

Inga sessilis 

Rubus rosaefolius 

Rubus urticaefolius 

Rubus brasiliensis 


Celtis iguaneae 

Coussapoa microcarpa 

Ficus luschnatiana 

Ficus sp 

Ficus sp1 

Urera baccifera 

Cecropia glaziovi 

Cucumis sp1 

Cayaponia sp1 

Cucurbitaceae sp3 

Cucurbitaceae sp2 

Carica papaya 

Zanthoxylum riedelianum 

Guarea macrophylla 



Tapirira guianensis 

Schinus terebinthifolius 

Allophylus edulis 

Paullinia uloptera 

Matayba guianensis 

Cupania vernalis

5956 

Community WES (continued) 

PL_WES * 




included as soft politomies are shown within 

brackets. 

Marcgravia polyantha 

Symplocos glanduloso-marginata 

Symplocos variabilis 

Symplocos tetrandra 

Cybianthus peruvianus 

Myrsine [5 spp.] 

Cordia corymbosa 

Tournefortia paniculata 

Posoqueria latifolia 

Coussarea contracta 

Amaioua intermedia 

Psychotria [5 spp.] 

Ixora heterodoxa 

Rudgea jasminoides 

Galium hypocarpium 

Coccosypselum krauseanum 

Coccosypselum hasserianum 

Strychnos brasiliensis 

Peschiera catharinensis 

Codonanthe cordifolia 


Solanum [15 spp.] 

Vassobia breviflora 

Aureliana fasciculata 

Aureliana sp1 

Ilex brevicuspis 

Ilex microdonta 

Didymopanax angustissimum 

Oreopanax sp

5956 

COMMUNITY WYTH – Frugivory 


Pyrrhula pyrrhula 




Turdus merula 





Aegithalos caudatus 


Parus palustris 

AN_WYTH PL_WYTH 

Parus major 

Tamus communis 

Euonymus europaeus 

Bryonia dioica 


Rosa sp. 

Prunus spinosa 

Rubus sp. 

Solanum dulcamara 

Hedera helix 

Sambucus nigra 

Lonicera periclymenum

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION - Paulo R. Guimarães Jr.

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