Plants of the Credit River Watershed - Credit Valley Conservation

Plants of the 

Credit River Watershed 

2002

PLANTS 

Plants of the Credit River Watershed 

A vascular plant flora has been compiled for the Region of Peel and the 

Credit River watershed, based largely on an updating of the Peel 

County flora published by Jocelyn Webber in 1984. Published floras for 

jurisdictions adjacent to Peel, including the Regional Municipality of 

Halton (Crins, 1986) and Wellington County (Stroud, 1941) were 

examined for relevant records within the Credit River watershed and a 

large number of naturalists and botanical specialists were consulted to 

identify additional data and records of vascular plants in the areas 

under consideration. 

A total of 1205 vascular plant species were identified as growing 

outside cultivation in the jurisdiction of the Credit Valley Conservation 

(CVC). In these local floras, 780 are native species in the CVC within 

the Credit River watershed, two vascular plants have been designated 

species of special concern by the Committee on the Status of 

Endangered Wildlife in Canada, ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and a 

pondweed (Potamogeton hillii). Fifteen (15) species within the Credit 

River watershed are considered provincially rare by the Ministry of 

Natural Resources. A relatively large proportion of the native species, 

in total 335 species, are considered rare in the Greater Toronto Area 

while 402 are rare within the watershed. 

The following tables summarize the 

vascular plant flora in the Credit 

River watershed and Peel Region 

and their status. 

1 2 

7 

5 

1. marsh marigold 

2. white trilliums 

3. pitcher plant 

4. American elm 

5. eastern white 

cedar 

Key to Cover 

8 

3 

6 

9 

4 

10 

6. field thistle 

7. fiddleheads 

8. coniferous 

swamp 

9. white water lily 

10. highbush 

cranberry

The following definitions have been provided to help better understand the 

information contained in the tables of vascular plants for the watershed. 

Rarity Codes 

G-Rank 

A network of natural heritage programs, scientific experts and The Nature Conservancy 

develops G-Rank or global ranks. The ranking is based on the range-wide status of a 

species, subspecies or variety. 

Codes 

G1 Extremely Rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the overall range or very few 

remaining individuals; or because of some factor(s) making it especially 

vulnerable to extinction. 

G2 Very Rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences in the overall range or with 

many individuals in fewer occurrences; or because of some factor(s) making it 

vulnerable to extinction. 

G3 Rare to uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences; may have fewer 

occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in some populations; may be 

susceptible to large-scale disturbances. 

G4 Common; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to 

immediate threats. 

G5 Very common; demonstrable secure under present conditions. 

GU Status uncertain; often because of low search efforts or cryptic nature of the 

species; more data needed. 

G? Unranked; or, if following a ranking, rank tentatively assigned (e.g. G3?) 

G A “G” (or “T”) followed by a blank space means that the NHIC has not yet 

obtained the Global Rank from the Nature Conservancy. 

Q Denotes that the taxonomic status of the species, subspecies, or variety is 

questionable. 

T Denotes that the rank applies to a subspecies or variety. 

KEY TO TABLES 

S-Rank 

S-Rank - are provincial ranks (or Sub national ranks) that are used by the Natural Heritage 

Information Centre to set protection priorities for rare species and natural communities. 

The ranks are assigned based upon recent records. 

Codes 

S1 Extremely Rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the province or very few 

remaining individuals; often especially vulnerable to extirpation. 

S2 Very Rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences in the province or with many 

individuals in fewer occurrences; often susceptible to extirpation. 

S3 Rare to Uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; 

may have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in some 

populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. 

S4 Common; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to 

immediate threats. 

S5 Very Common; demonstrably secure under present conditions. 

SE Exotic. Not believed to be a part of Ontario’s natural flora. 

SH Historical; of only historical occurrence in the province (no occurrences 

verified in the past 20 years), but with expectation that it may still be extant. 

C Captive/Cultivated; existing in the province only in a cultivated state; 

introduced population may not yet be fully established. 

The provincial ranking, the “S-Rank,” is an estimate of the abundance for each plant and 

should not be confused with the rarity designation, although there is a relationship between 

the two. As presently treated, any plant with an S-Rank of S1, S2 or S3 is designated 

provincially rare.

COSEWIC 

Status assigned by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 

following the 1996 COSEWIC List. 

Codes 

END Endangered - any indigenous species of fauna or flora threatened with imminent 

extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its Canadian 

range. 

THR Threatened -any indigenous species of fauna or flora that is likely to become 

endangered if the factors affecting its vulnerability do not become reversed. 

VUL Vulnerable - any indigenous species of fauna or flora that is particularly at risk 

because of low or declining numbers, occurrence at the fringe of its range or in 

restricted areas or for some other reason, but is not a threatened species. 

NAR Not At Risk - the status has been reviewed and the species is not threatened. 

Prov Status 

Rare Any plant species with an S-Rank of S1, S2 or S3. 

GTA Status 

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 40 locations in the Greater Toronto Area 

(location is defined by an exclusion zone with a 1km radius around each known 

location for a given species.) 

Peel Status 

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 11 locations Peel. 

Credit Watershed Status 

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 11 locations in the watershed or fewer than 

6 locations in the Region of Halton. 

Non-Native Status 

Yes Species is non-native; it has been introduced to the Credit River watershed 

No Species is native to the Credit River watershed 

Peel Region 

Yes Species is found within Peel Region 

No Species is not found within the Peel Region 

CVC 

Yes Species is found within the Credit River watershed boundary (i.e. CVC 

jurisdiction.) 

No Species is not found within the Credit River watershed boundary (i.e. CVC 

jurisdiction.)

Common Name Scientific Name 

Subspecies/ 

Variety 

aquatic forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant living or growing in water. 


COSEWIC 

water-shield Brasenia schreberi G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

water arum Calla palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

marsh water-starwort Callitriche palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common coontail Ceratophyllum demersum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

Canada waterweed Elodea canadensis G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

water star-grass Heteranthera dubia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Zosterella dubia 

mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common duckweed Lemna minor G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

star duckweed Lemna trisulca G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

northern water-milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Myriophyllum exalbescens 

Eurasian water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

whorled water-milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

slender naiad Najas flexilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

small-leaved water cress Nasturtium microphyllum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow water-lily Nuphar variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

white water-lily Nymphaea odorata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Nymphaea tuberosa 

water smartweed Polygonum amphibium G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Polygonum coccineum, Polygonum natans 

large-leaved pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

narrow-leaved pondweed Potamogeton berchtoldii G? S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus 

curly-leaved pondweed Potamogeton crispus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

ribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

leafy pondweed Potamogeton foliosus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

variable-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Hill's pondweed Potamogeton hillii G3 S2 vulnerable rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

Illinois pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

floating pondweed Potamogeton natans G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

knotty pondweed Potamogeton nodosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

white-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton praelongus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

small pondweed Potamogeton pusillus var. pusillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1895 

Richardson's pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

spiral pondweed Potamogeton spirillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1895 

flat-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

white water crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus G5T S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus longirostris 

arrowhead Sagittaria cuneata G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No 

grass-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria graminea var. graminea G5T5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

broad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sessile-fruited arrowhead Sagittaria rigida G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

flat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No 

small bladderwort Utricularia minor G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

common bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

watermeal Wolffia arrhiza G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia columbiana 

common watermeal Wolffia borealis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia punctata 

Credit Valley Conservation Page 1 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 

Prov Status 

GTA Status 

CVC/Peel Status 

Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 


horned pondweed Zannichellia palustris G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

ferns A plant with leaf-like fronds that reproduces using spores. 

S-Rank 

COSEWIC 

maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Alternative name author - (L.) Oakes ex D.Eaton 

walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Camptosorus rhizophyllus 

hart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum G5T3 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Phyllitis scolopendrium 

maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes G4G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes 

green spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Asplenium viride 

lady fern Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium angustum 

cut-leaved grape fern Botrychium dissectum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum, 

narrow-leaved moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum G5T4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1924 

daisy-leaf grape fern Botrychium matricariifolium G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

leathery grape fern Botrychium multifidum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

least moonwort Botrychium simplex G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

slender cliff-brake Cryptogramma stelleri G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bulblet fern Cystopteris bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Mackay's fragile fern Cystopteris tenuis G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi 

hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

silvery glade fern Deparia acrostichoides G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium thelypterioides 

glade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium pycnocarpon 

spinulose woodfern Dryopteris carthusiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Drypoteris spinulosa 

Clinton's woodfern Dryopteris clintoniana G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

crested woodfern Dryopteris cristata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

male fern Dryopteris filix-mas G5 S4 rare rare No No Yes 

Goldie's fern Dryopteris goldiana G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

evergreen woodfern Dryopteris intermedia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

marginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hybrid woodfern Dryopteris x boottii HYB S2 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris cristata x Dryopteris intermedia 

triploid woodfern Dryopteris x triploidea HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris intermedia 

hybrid woodfern Dryopteris x uliginosa HYB S2? No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris cristata 

oak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

water-clover Marsilea quadrifolia G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

northern adder's-tongue Ophioglossum pusillum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ophioglossum vulgatum of ON reports 

cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

royal fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

smooth cliff-brake Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

northern beech fern Phegopteris connectilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Thelypteris phegopteris 

rock polypody Polypodium virginianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Polypodium vulgare var. virginianum 

Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Bracken Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


marsh fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Virginia chain-fern Woodwardia virginica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fern allies A plant that reproduces using spores that do not have fronds, including clubmosses and horsetails. 

COSEWIC 

crowfoot clubmoss Diphasiastrum digitatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Lycopodium digitatum, Lycopodium 

flabelliforme 

field horsetail Equisetum arvense G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

common scouring-rush Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes 

smooth scouring-rush Equisetum laevigatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

meadow horsetail Equisetum pratense G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

woodland horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

variegated scouring-rush Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

shining clubmoss Huperzia lucidula G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopodium lucidulum 

stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

running clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

round-branched clubmoss Lycopodium dendroideum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

ground-pine Lycopodium obscurum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

meadow spikemoss Selaginella eclipes G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Selaginella apus, Selaginella apoda / Historic 

record - 1945 

forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant or herb. 

velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrasti G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

three-seeded mercury Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Acalypha rhomboidea 

common yarrow Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium G5T? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

sweet flag Acorus americanus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Acorus calamus of PCF 

doll's-eyes Actaea pachypoda G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Actaea alba 

baneberry Actaea rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hybrid baneberry Actaea x ludovici HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Actaea pachypoda x Actaea rubra 

goutweed Aegopodium podagraria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

corn-cockle Agrostemma githago G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910 

creeping bugleweed Ajuga reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

hollyhock Alcea rosea GU SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Althaea rosea 

common water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Alisma parviflorum, Alisma subcordatum, 

Alisma triviale 

garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata G5 SE5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Alliaria officinalis 

chives Allium schoenoprasum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

wild leek Allium tricoccum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

yellow alyssum Alyssum alyssoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Amaranthus graecizans of ON reports 

smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus G? SE5? Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889 

green pigweed Amaranthus powellii G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hog-peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

small bugloss Anchusa arvensis G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopsis arvensis / Historic record - 1912 

fairy-bells Androsace septentrionalis G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No 

sharp-lobed hepatica Anemone acutiloba G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica acutiloba 

round-lobed hepatica Anemone americana G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica americana 

Canada anemone Anemone canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica G5 S4 rare No Yes No 

cut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida var. multifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

wood anemone Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Virginia thimbleweed Anemone virginiana var. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Anemone riparia 

purple-stemmed angelica Angelica atropurpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

plantain-leaved pussytoes Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Antennaria plantaginifolia 

corn chamomille Anthemis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

stinking mayweed Anthemis cotula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow chamomille Anthemis tinctoria G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes 

ground-nut Apios americana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium ssp. androsaemifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

indian-hemp Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Apocynum sibiricum 

wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European columbine Aquilegia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

mouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

alpine rockcress Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica G5T? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis caucasica 

sicklepod Arabis canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1938 

tower mustard Arabis glabra G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hairy rockcress Arabis hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis pycnocarpa 

smooth rockcress Arabis laevigata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

spikenard Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

great burdock Arctium lappa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common burdock Arctium minus ssp. minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

thyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

dragon's-mouth Arethusa bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Arisaema atrorubens 

horseradish Armoracia rusticana G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Armoracia lapathifolia / Historic record - 1927 

southern wormwood Artemisia abrotanum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1891 

absinth Artemisia absinthium G? SE3? Yes Yes No Historic record - 1906 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

sweet wormwood Artemisia annua G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1911 

biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

tall wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Artemisia caudata 

western mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana G5 S4? Yes Yes Yes 

Roman wormweed Artemisia pontica G? SE2? Yes Yes No 

common mugwort Artemisia vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

goat's-beard Aruncus dioicus G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

wild ginger Asarum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

poke milkweed Asclepias exaltata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common milkweed Asclepias syriaca G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1932 

asparagus Asparagus officinalis G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bog aster Aster borealis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rayless aster Aster brachyactis G5 S3? Yes Yes Yes 

heart-leaved aster Aster cordifolius G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

heath aster Aster ericoides ssp. ericoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus ericoides 

panicled aster Aster lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster simplex 

calico aster Aster lateriflorus var. lateriflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

large-leaved aster Aster macrophyllus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

New England aster Aster novae-angliae G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus novae-angliae 

azure aster Aster oolentangiensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster azureus 

white heath aster Aster pilosus var. pilosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

purple-stemmed aster Aster puniceus var. puniceus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

flat-topped aster Aster umbellatus var. umbellatus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

arrow-leaved aster Aster urophyllus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster sagittifolius 

amethyst aster Aster x amethystinus HYB SE? No Yes Yes 

= Aster ericoides x Aster novae-angliae / Synonym: 

Virgulus x amethystinus 

Canada milkvetch Astragalus canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Cooper's milkvetch Astragalus neglectus G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Astragalus cooperi 

spearscale Atriplex patula G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

spear-leaved spearscale Atriplex prostrata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Atriplex hastata, Atriplex patula var. hastata 

yellow false foxglove Aureolaria flava G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

costmary Balsamita major G5 SE5 Yes Yes No 

Synonym: Chrysanthemum balsamita / Historic record - 

1936 

blue wild indigo Baptisia australis G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

common winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

English daisy Bellis perennis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hoary alyssum Berteroa incana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

nodding beggar-ticks Bidens cernua G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

small beggar-ticks Bidens discoidea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

devil's beggar-ticks Bidens frondosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

three-parted beggar-ticks Bidens tripartita G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Bidens connata 

tall beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

false nettle Boehmeria cylindrica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

indian mustard Brassica juncea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

black mustard Brassica nigra G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

wild turnip Brassica rapa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

flowering-rush Butomus umbellatus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sea rocket Cakile edentula G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

catnip-thyme Calamintha nepeta NR NR Yes Yes Yes 

grass pink Calopogon tuberosus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1940 

marsh-marigold Caltha palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium ssp. americanum G4G5 SU No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus sepium 

low bindweed Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea G4G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus spithamaeus 

small-seeded false flax Camelina microcarpa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Campanula uliginosa 

creeping bellflower Campanula rapunculoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

harebell Campanula rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

nettle-leaved bellflower Campanula trachelium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

hemp Cannabis sativa G5 S1 Yes Yes Yes 

shepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bulbous cress Cardamine bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1927 

cut-leaved toothwort Cardamine concatenata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria laciniata 

common toothwort Cardamine diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria diphylla 

purple cress Cardamine douglassii G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

hairy cardamine Cardamine hirsuta G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

cardamine Cardamine impatiens G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

Pensylvania cardamine Cardamine pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

cuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis ssp. pratensis G5T? SE1 rare rare Yes Yes Yes 

hybrid toothwort Cardamine x maxima HYB S2S3 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria maxima 

plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

welted thistle Carduus crispus G? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

nodding thistle Carduus nutans ssp. nutans G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sedge Carex albursina G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

common caraway Carum carvi G? SE1? Yes Yes Yes 

giant blue cohosh Caulophyllum giganteum G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum 

blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides G? S5 No Yes Yes 

cornflower Centaurea cyanus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

black knapweed Centaurea nigra G? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

scabious knapweed Centaurea scabiosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1907 

branched centaury Centaurium pulchellum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

field chickweed Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense G5T? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium fontanum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Cerastium vulgatum 

dwarf chickweed Cerastium pumilum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

small chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

snow-in-summer Cerastium tomentosum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

dwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

ridge-seeded spurge Chamaesyce glyptosperma G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia glyptosperma 

spotted spurge Chamaesyce maculata G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia maculata 

nodding spurge Chamaesyce nutans G? S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia nutans 

hairy spurge Chamaesyce vermiculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia vermiculata 

celandine Chelidonium majus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

turtlehead Chelone glabra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

lamb's-quarters Chenopodium album var. album G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

good King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900 

oak goosefoot Chenopodium botrys G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1907 

strawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

oak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum ssp. glaucum G5T? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

many-seeded goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

maple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Chenopodium hybridum 

ox-eye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Leucanthemum vulgare 

golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

chicory Cichorium intybus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bulblet water-hemlock Cicuta bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

spotted water-hemlock Cicuta maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

small enchanter's nightshade Circaea alpina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Circaea quadrisulcata 

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

swamp thistle Cirsium muticum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bull thistle Cirsium vulgare G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Carolina spring beauty Claytonia caroliniana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

Virginia spring beauty Claytonia virginica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

wild basil Clinopodium vulgare G? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Satureja vulgaris 

bluebead lily Clintonia borealis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

horsebalm Collinsonia canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bastard toad-flax Comandra umbellata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Comandra richardsiana 

Asiatic day-flower Commelina communis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

poison hemlock Conium maculatum G5 SE2? Yes Yes Yes 

squawroot Conopholis americana G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

hare's-ear mustard Conringia orientalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900 

rocket larkspur Consolida ajacis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Consolida ambigua / Historic record - 1916 

lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

horseweed Conyza canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron canadensis 

goldthread Coptis trifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Coptis groenlandica 

spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

striped coralroot Corallorhiza striata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1947 

early coralroot Corallorhiza trifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

large-flowered tickseed Coreopsis grandiflora G5 SE3? Yes Yes Yes 

crown vetch Coronilla varia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

golden corydalis Corydalis aurea ssp. aurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908 

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard Crepis tectorum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

clover dodder Cuscuta epithymum G? SEH Yes Yes No Historic record - 1903 

common dodder Cuscuta gronovii G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

winged pigweed Cycloloma atriplicifolium G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

Kenilworth-ivy Cymbalaria muralis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

swallow-wort Cynanchum rossicum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Vincetoxicum rossicum 

wild comfrey Cynoglossum boreale G4Q S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1890 

hound's-tongue Cynoglossum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

moccasin flower Cypripedium acaule G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens G5T? S5 rare No Yes Yes 

yellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum G5T? S5 rare No Yes No 

showy lady's-slipper Cypripedium reginae G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

dewdrop Dalibarda repens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

jimsonweed Datura stramonium GU SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

wild carrot Daucus carota G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

flixweed Descurainia sophia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Canadian tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

pointed-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

naked-flowered tick-trefoil Desmodium nudiflorum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Deptford pink Dianthus armeria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bearded pink Dianthus barbatus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

maiden pink Dianthus deltoides G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

cottage pink Dianthus plumarius G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

squirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Dutchman's-breeches Dicentra cucullaria G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

slender wall-rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

teasel Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Dipsacus sylvestris 

spatulate-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wild cucumber Echinocystis lobata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

globe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

viper's bugloss Echium vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

beech-drops Epifagus virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

fireweed Epilobium angustifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sticky willowherb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Epilobium glandulosum, Epilobium watsonii 

purple-leaved willowherb Epilobium coloratum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hairy willowherb Epilobium hirsutum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

narrow-leaved willowherb Epilobium leptophyllum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

small-flowered willowherb Epilobium parviflorum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

helleborine Epipactis helleborine G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

American fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

harbinger-of-spring Erigenia bulbosa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No 

daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. philadelphicus G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Robin's plantain Erigeron pulchellus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

rough fleabane Erigeron strigosus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron annuus ssp. strigosus 

stork's-bill Erodium cicutarium ssp. cicutarium G4G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

spring whitlow-grass Erophila verna G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Draba verna 

dog mustard Erucastrum gallicum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

flat-topped eryngo Eryngium planum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

wormseed mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides ssp. cheiranthoides NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

tall wormseed mustard Erysimum hieraciifolium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

small-flowered prairie rocket Erysimum inconspicuum G4G5 S4 Yes Yes Yes 

white trout-lily Erythronium albidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow trout-lily Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

spotted joe-pye weed Eupatorium maculatum ssp. maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

white snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

toothed spurge Euphorbia dentata G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

thyme-leaved spurge Euphorbia epithymoides G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

leafy spurge Euphorbia esula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sun spurge Euphorbia helioscopia G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

snow-on-the-mountain spurge Euphorbia marginata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

broad-leaved spurge Euphorbia platyphyllos G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

grass-leaved goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solidago graminifolia 

buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Fagopyrum sagittatum 

queen-of-the-prairie Filipendula rubra G4G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

queen-of-the-meadow Filipendula ulmaria ssp. ulmaria G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca ssp. americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 SU No Yes Yes 

common fumitory Fumaria officinalis G5 SE3 No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

snowdrop Galanthus nivalis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

showy orchis Galearis spectabilis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Orchis spectabilis / Historic record - 1911 

common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

small-flowered galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora G? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

hairy galinsoga Galinsoga quadriradiata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Galinsoga ciliata 

cleavers Galium aparine G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

rough bedstraw Galium asprellum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

northern bedstraw Galium boreale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wild licorice Galium circaezans G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Labrador bedstraw Galium labradoricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

lance-leaved wild licorice Galium lanceolatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

white bedstraw Galium mollugo Yes Yes No 

obtuse bedstraw Galium obtusum G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes 

marsh bedstraw Galium palustre G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

lesser bedstraw Galium tinctorium G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

small bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Galium brandegei 

sweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

yellow bedstraw Galium verum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

purple-stemmed gentian Gentiana rubricaulis G4? S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita NR S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Gentiana crinita, Gentianella crinita 

spotted crane's-bill Geranium maculatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

herb-robert Geranium robertianum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow avens Geum aleppicum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Geum strictum 

white avens Geum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rough avens Geum laciniatum G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

water avens Geum rivale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wood avens Geum urbanum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea G? SE5 No Yes Yes 

fragrant cudweed Gnaphalium obtusifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

low cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

viscid cudweed Gnaphalium viscosum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Gnaphalium macounii 

downy rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera pubescens G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No 

dwarf rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera repens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1889 

clammy hedge-hyssop Gratiola neglecta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

gumweed Grindelia squarrosa G5 SE? Yes Yes Yes 

baby's-breath Gypsophila paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

spurred stickseed Hackelia deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hackelia americana 

Virginia stickseed Hackelia virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

spurred gentian Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough pennyroyal Hedeoma hispidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No 

pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bluets Hedyotis caerulea G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Houstonia caerula / Historic record - 1930 

Venus'-pride Hedyotis longifolia G4G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No 

Synonyms: Hedyotis ciliolata, Houstonia canadensis, 

Houstonia longifolia 

Bicknell's frostweed Helianthemum bicknellii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Canada frostweed Helianthemum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common sunflower Helianthus annuus ssp. annuus G5 SE? Yes Yes Yes 

thin-leaved sunflower Helianthus decapetalus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

tall wild sunflower Helianthus giganteus G5 S5 No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

prairie sunflower Helianthus rigidus ssp. subrhomboideus G5 S? Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Helianthus laetiflorus of PCF, H. pauciflorus 

pale-leaved sunflower Helianthus strumosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Jeruselam artichoke Helianthus tuberosus G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

orange day-lily Hemerocallis fulva G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow day-lily Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Heracleum maximum 

dame's rocket Hesperis matronalis G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

flower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900 

orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

field hawkweed Hieracium caespitosum ssp. caespitosum NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium pratense 

Canada hawkweed Hieracium canadense G5 SU rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889 

common hawkweed Hieracium lachenalii G? SE2? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium vulgatum 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

mouse-ear hawkweed Hieracium pilosella G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

glaucous king devil Hieracium piloselloides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium florentinum 

tall king devil Hieracium praealtum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1909 

rough hawkweed Hieracium scabrum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889 

king devil hawkweed Hieracium x floribundum HYB SE? Yes Yes Yes = Hieracium caespitosum x Hieracium lactucella 

jagged chickweed Holosteum umbellatum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

green violet Hybanthus concolor G5 S2 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Cubelium concolor 

marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Canada waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Virginia waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

large St. John's-wort Hypericum majus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

spotted St. John's-wort Hypericum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hyssop Hyssopus officinalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1912 

spotted jewelweed Impatiens capensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Impatiens biflora 

Asian jewelweed Impatiens glandulifera G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

pale jewelweed Impatiens pallida G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

English inula Inula britannica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

elecampane Inula helenium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

fleur-de-lis Iris germanica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow flag Iris pseudacorus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

blue flag Iris versicolor G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

canker-root Kickxia elatine G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

summer cypress Kochia scoparia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

tall blue lettuce Lactuca biennis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Canada lettuce Lactuca canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

willow-leaved lettuce Lactuca saligna G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lactuca scariola 

henbit Lamium amplexicaule G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

wood nettle Laportea canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bluebur Lappula squarrosa ssp. squarrosa NR S5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lappula echinata 

nipplewort Lapsana communis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

everlasting pea Lathyrus latifolius G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh vetchling Lathyrus palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

tuberous vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

pinweed Lechea intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides NR SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

motherwort Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

field cress Lepidium campestre G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum G? SE5 No Yes Yes Native status is uncertain 

narrow-leaved pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

garden cress Lepidium sativum G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910 

poor-man's pepper-grass Lepidium virginicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1892 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

round-headed bush-clover Lespedeza capitata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hairy bush-clover Lespedeza hirta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wand-like bush-clover Lespedeza intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1890 

lovage Levisticum officinale G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

tiger lily Lilium lancifolium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lilium tigrinum 

Canada lily Lilium michiganense G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Lilium canadense ssp. michiganense, Lilium 

canadense var. umbelliferum 

Dalmatian toadflax Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica G5T3 SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Linaria dalmatica 

butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

false pimpernel Lindernia dubia var. dubia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

perennial flax Linum perenne G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

common flax Linum usitatissimum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

Loesel's twayblade Liparis loeselii G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes 

heart-leaved twayblade Listera cordata G5 S5? rare rare No No Yes 

common gromwell Lithospermum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

indian-tobacco Lobelia inflata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Kalm's lobelia Lobelia kalmii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

great lobelia Lobelia siphilitica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh purslane Ludwigia palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

honesty Lunaria annua G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

wild lupine Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

rose campion Lychnis coronaria G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

matrimony vine Lycium barbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycium halimifolium 

tomato Lycopersicon esculentum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

American water-horehound Lycopus americanus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European water-horehound Lycopus europaeus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

northern water-horehound Lycopus uniflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Steironema ciliatum 

moneywort Lysimachia nummularia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

spotted loosestrife Lysimachia punctata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

whorled loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

swamp-candles Lysimachia terrestris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

tufted loosestrife Lysimachia thrysiflora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

garden loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

osage-orange Maclura pomifera GU SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

Canada mayflower Maianthemum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina racemosa 

starry false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina stellata 

three-leaved false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum trifolium G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina trifolia 

white adder's-mouth Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda G4T4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Malaxis brachypoda 

European mallow Malva alcea G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

musk mallow Malva moschata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

common mallow Malva neglecta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva rotundifolia (misapplied) 

round-leaved mallow Malva rotundifolia G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva pusilla 

high mallow Malva sylvestris G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897 

whorled mallow Malva verticillata G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897 

common horehound Marrubium vulgare G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889 

pineapple-weed Matricaria matricarioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens, Matricaria suaveolens 

of PCF 

scentless chamomille Matricaria perforata G? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

false chamomille Matricaria recutita G? SE? Yes Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens of PCF, Matricaria 

chamomilla, Matricaria suaveolens 

indian cucumber-root Medeola virginiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

black medick Medicago lupulina G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. falcata G? Yes Yes Yes 

alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

cow-wheat Melampyrum lineare G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

white sweet clover Melilotus alba G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

field mint Mentha arvensis NR S5 No Yes Yes 

spearmint Mentha spicata G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

red mint Mentha x gentilis HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

= Mentha arvensis x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x 

cardiaca 

peppermint Mentha x piperita HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

= Mentha aquatica x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x 

citrata 

buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow monkey-flower Mimulus ringens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hairy four-o'clock Mirabilis hirsuta G5 SE1 Yes Yes No 

wild four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea G5 S4 Yes Yes Yes 

bishop's-cap Mitella diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

naked mitrewort Mitella nuda G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

carpetweed Mollugo verticillata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Oswego-tea Monarda didyma G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No 

wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

one-flowered pyrola Moneses uniflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

pinesap Monotropa hypopithys G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hypopithys monotropa 

indian-pipe Monotropa uniflora G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

grape hyacinth Muscari botryoides G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

small forget-me-not Myosotis laxa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

garden forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

upright forget-me-not Myosotis stricta G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

woodland forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

catnip Nepeta cataria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow ball mustard Neslia paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1918 

apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

long-flowered tobacco Nicotiana longiflora G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

yellow evening-primrose Oenothera biennis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

evening-primrose Oenothera clelandii G3G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow evening-primrose Oenothera parviflora G? S5? No Yes Yes 

sundrops Oenothera perennis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1918 

sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Historic record - 1891 

Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

hairy false gromwell Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissumum G4? S2 rare rare rare No Yes No 

Synonym: Onosmodium hispidissimum / Historic record - 

1890 

summer snowflake Ornithogalum umbellatum G2? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

one-flowered cancer-root Orobanche uniflora G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

one-sided pyrola Orthilia secunda G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola secunda 

sweet cicely Osmorhiza claytonii G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Osmorhiza brevistylis 

anise-root Osmorhiza longistylis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella ssp. montana G5T? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis montana 

creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow wood sorrel Oxalis dillenii G5 S5? No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis stricta (misapplied) 

European wood sorrel Oxalis stricta G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Oxalis europaea, Oxalis fontana 

ginseng Panax quinquefolius G4 S3 endangered rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

dwarf ginseng Panax trifolius G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

long-headed poppy Papaver dubium G? SE1 Yes Yes No 

common poppy Papaver somniferum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

large grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia glauca G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

small grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia parviflora G4 S4? rare rare No Yes No 

parsnip Pastinaca sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Canada lousewort Pedicularis canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

foxglove beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hairy beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

ditch stonecrop Penthorum sedoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

grape-leaved sweet-colt's-foot Petasites frigidus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Petasites palmatus 

wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

garden phlox Phlox paniculata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

moss phlox Phlox subulata ssp. subulata G5T5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

lopseed Phryma leptostachya G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes 

Chinese lantern Physalis alkekengi G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

clammy ground-cherry Physalis heterophylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis lanceolata 

smooth ground-cherry Physalis subglabrata G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis virginiana var. subglabrata 

Virginia ground-cherry Physalis virginiana G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis longifolia 

Virginia false dragonhead Physostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 S4 rare Yes Yes Yes 

Although native elsewhere in the province, all Peel 

occurrences appear to be introductions. 

pokeweed Phytolacca americana G5 S4 rare rare Yes Yes No 

Historic record - 1918 / Although native elsewhere in the 

province, the Peel occurrence is introduced. 

spring clearweed Pilea fontana G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

dwarf clearweed Pilea pumila G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sand plantain Plantago arenaria G?Q S4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Plantago psyllium 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

narrow-leaved plantain Plantago lanceolata G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common plantain Plantago major G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hoary plantain Plantago media G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

Rugel's plantain Plantago rugelii G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

club-spur orchid Platanthera clavellata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria clavellata / Historic record - 1907 

tall white bog orchid Platanthera dilatata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria dilatata / Historic record - 1947 

tubercled orchid Platanthera flava var. herbiola G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria flava / Historical record - 1891 

northern green orchid Platanthera hyperborea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria hyperborea 

ragged fringed orchid Platanthera lacera G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria lacera / Historic record - 1910 

small northern bog orchid Platanthera obtusata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria obtusata 

purple fringed orchid Platanthera psycodes G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria psycodes 

may-apple Podophyllum peltatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rose pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1940 

clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra G5Q S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1903 

fringed polygala Polygala paucifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

purple milkwort Polygala sanguinea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Seneca snakeroot Polygala senega G4G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

whorled milkwort Polygala verticillata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hairy Solomon's-seal Polygonatum pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

striate knotweed Polygonum achoreum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

knotweed Polygonum arenastrum G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

creeping knotweed Polygonum aviculare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Polygonum monspeliensis 

fringed bindweed Polygonum cilinode G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

black bindweed Polygonum convolvulus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Bilderdykia convolvulus 

Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Reynoutria japonica 

Douglas' knotweed Polygonum douglasii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

water-pepper Polygonum hydropiper G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

mild water-pepper Polygonum hydropiperoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

pale smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

prince's feather Polygonum orientale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

pink knotweed Polygonum pensylvanicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

lady's-thumb Polygonum persicaria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

dotted smartweed Polygonum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

arrow-leaved tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

climbling false buckwheat Polygonum scandens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

jumpseed Polygonum virginianum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Tovara virginiana 

garden purslane Portulaca oleracea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

silverweed Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina NR S5 rare No Yes Yes 

silvery cinquefoil Potentilla argentea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hybrid cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes =? Potentilla argentea x Potentilla recta / Synonyms: 

Potentilla canescens, Potentilla x intermedia of ON reports 

rough cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica G5T? SEU Yes Yes Yes 

marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

bushy cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

rough-fruited cinquefoil Potentilla recta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

Canada cinquefoil Potentilla simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

white-lettuce Prenanthes alba G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

tall white-lettuce Prenanthes altissima G5? S5 No Yes Yes 

American heal-all Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolatus G5T? S5 No Yes Yes 

lungwort Pulmonaria officinalis NR SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

pink pyrola Pyrola asarifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

green pyrola Pyrola chlorantha G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola virens / Historic record - 1904 

shinleaf Pyrola elliptica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

kidney-leaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

tall buttercup Ranunculus acris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow water buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

swamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus septentrionalis 

swamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus G5T5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

bristly crowfoot Ranunculus pensylvanicus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hooked buttercup Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

creeping spearwort Ranunculus repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

cursed crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

prairie coneflower Ratibida columnifera G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1918 

rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Rheum rhaponticum 

clammy locust Robinia viscosa G3 SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh yellow cress Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Rorippa islandica of NA reports 

creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

black-eyed susan Rudbeckia hirta G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

cut-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

thin-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia triloba G4 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella G5 SEU Yes Yes Yes 

curled dock Rumex crispus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yard dock Rumex longifolius G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910 

bitter dock Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

great water dock Rumex orbiculatus G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes 

willow-leaved dock Rumex triangulivalvis G5 S4 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Rumex mexicanus, Rumex salicifolius 

creeping pearlwort Sagina procumbens G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

Russian thistle Salsola kali G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Salsola pestifer, Salsola ruthenica, Salsola 

tragus 

wood sage Salvia nemorosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1942 

bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

black snakeroot Sanicula marilandica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

clustered snakeroot Sanicula odorata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Sanicula gregaria / Historic record - 1929 

bouncing-bet Saponaria officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

summer thyme Satureja hortensis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889 

early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

scheuchzeria Scheuchzeria palustris G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1901 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

squill Scilla siberica G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

annual knawel Scleranthus annuus G? SE5 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1920 

lance-leaved figwort Scrophularia lanceolata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

carpenter's-square Scrophularia marilandica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hooded skullcap Scutellaria galericulata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scutellaria epilobiifolia 

mad-dog skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

small skullcap Scutellaria parvula ssp. parvula G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1902 

mossy stonecrop Sedum acre G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

white stonecrop Sedum album G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

Spanish stonecrop Sedum hispanicum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

false stonecrop Sedum spurium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

live-forever Sedum telephium ssp. fabaria G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Sedum purpureum 

golden ragwort Senecio aureus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sticky groundsel Senecio viscosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

common groundsel Senecio vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sleepy catchfly Silene antirrhina G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

forking catchfly Silene dichotoma G? SE1 Yes Yes No 

white campion Silene latifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Lychnis alba, Silene alba, Silene pratensis 

night-flowering catchfly Silene noctiflora G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bladder campion Silene vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Silene cucubalus 

milk thistle Silybum marianum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1913 

white mustard Sinapis alba G? SE2 Yes Yes No 

Synonyms: Brassica alba, Brassica hirta / Historic record - 

1902 

charlock Sinapis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Brassica kaber 

tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

little blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Sisyrinchium bermudianum 

water-parsnip Sium suave G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

carrion-flower Smilax herbacea G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

black nightshade Solanum nigrum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

American black nightshade Solanum ptycanthum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solanum americanum 

buffalo-bur Solanum rostratum G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

tall goldenrod Solidago altissima var. altissima NR S5 No Yes Yes 

silver-rod Solidago bicolor G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

blue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago caesia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

zig-zag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hairy goldenrod Solidago hispida var. hispida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

early goldenrod Solidago juncea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

gray goldenrod Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rough-leaved goldenrod Solidago patula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough goldenrod Solidago rugosa ssp. rugosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

stout goldenrod Solidago squarrosa G4? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

bog goldenrod Solidago uliginosa G4G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

field sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Sonchus uliginosa 

spiny-leaved sow-thistle Sonchus asper ssp. asper G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

annual sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

saltmarsh sand spurrey Spergularia media G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Arenaria media 

nodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthes cernua G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough hedge-nettle Stachys hispida G4Q S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Stachy tenuifolia of ON reports 

marsh hedge-nettle Stachys palustris G5 SE5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

grass-leaved stitchwort Stellaria graminea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

long-leaved chickweed Stellaria longifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common chickweed Stellaria media G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

rose twisted-stalk Streptopus roseus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

prickly comfrey Symphytum asperum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

common comfrey Symphytum officinale ssp. officinale NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

skunk-cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

yellow pimpernel Taenidia integerrima G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common feverfew Tanacetum parthenium G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Chrysanthemum parthenium 

common tansy Tanacetum vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

red-seeded dandelion Taraxacum erythrospermum G? SE5 Yes Yes No 

common dandelion Taraxacum officinale G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

wood germander Teucrium canadense ssp. canadense G5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yes 

early meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

tall meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Thalictrum polygamum 

rue-anemone Thalictrum thalictroides G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No 

Synonym: Anemonella thalictroides / Historic record - 1911 

golden creeper Thladiantha dubia G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

field penny-cress Thlaspi arvense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

creeping thyme Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus G? SE3 No Yes Yes Synonym: Thymus serpyllum 

foam-flower Tiarella cordifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Japanese hedge-parsley Torilis japonica G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

large goat's-beard Tragopogon dubius G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Tragopogon major 

common salsify Tragopogon porrifolius G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes 

meadow goat's-beard Tragopogon pratensis ssp. pratensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh St. John's-wort Triadenum fraseri G4G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

star-flower Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rabbit-foot clover Trifolium arvense G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

hop clover Trifolium aureum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Trifolium agrarium 

large hop clover Trifolium campestre G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Trifolium procumbens 

small hop clover Trifolium dubium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

alsike clover Trifolium hybridum ssp. elegans G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum G? SEH Yes Yes Yes Historic record - 1900 

red clover Trifolium pratense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

white clover Trifolium repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

nodding trillium Trillium cernuum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

red trillium Trillium erectum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

white trillium Trillium grandiflorum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

painted trillium Trillium undulatum G5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1947 

wild-coffee Triosteum aurantiacum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common wheat Triticum aestivum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Triticum sativum, Triticum vulgare 

coltsfoot Tussilago farfara G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

European stinging nettle Urtica dioica ssp. dioica G5T? SE2 Yes Yes No 

American stinging nettle Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis G5T? S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Urtica gracilis, Urtica procera 

large-flowered bellwort Uvularia grandiflora G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

cow cockle Vaccaria hispanica G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Saponaria vaccaria, Vaccaria pyramidata 

common valerian Valeriana officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

moth mullein Verbascum blattaria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

clasping mullein Verbascum phlomoides G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

common mullein Verbascum thapsus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

blue vervain Verbena hastata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

narrow-leaved vervain Verbena simplex G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

hoary vervain Verbena stricta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

white vervain Verbena urticifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

field speedwell Veronica agrestis G? SE1? Yes Yes Yes 

American brooklime Veronica americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

corn speedwell Veronica arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

water speedwell Veronica catenata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

long-leaved speedwell Veronica longifolia G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

common speedwell Veronica officinalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

purslane speedwell Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bird's-eye speedwell Veronica persica G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

marsh speedwell Veronica scutellata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia G?T? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

cow vetch Vicia cracca G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Vicia angustifolia 

slender vetch Vicia tetrasperma G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hairy vetch Vicia villosa G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hooked-spur violet Viola adunca G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wild pansy Viola arvensis G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

sweet white violet Viola blanda G4G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola incognita 

Canada violet Viola canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

dog violet Viola conspersa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

marsh blue violet Viola cucullata G4G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola papilionacea of ON reports (in part) 

field pansy Viola kitaibeliana G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897 

northern white violet Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola pallens 

sweet violet Viola odorata G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow violet Viola pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Viola eriocarpa, Viola pensylvanica 

kidney-leaved violet Viola renifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

long-spurred violet Viola rostrata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

arrow-leaved violet Viola sagittata var. sagittata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola fimbriatula 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

Selkirk's violet Viola selkirkii G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

woolly blue violet Viola sororia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola papilionacea of ON reports (in part) 

tricolor pansy Viola tricolor G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

barren strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium G? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Xanthium pensylvanicum 

golden alexanders Zizia aurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

graminoid A non-woody, narrow-leaved plant, including grasses, sedges and rushes. 

crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum ssp. pectinatum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron pectiniforme 

colonial bent grass Agrostis capillaris G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis tenuis 

redtop Agrostis gigantea G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis alba, in part 

upland bent grass Agrostis perennans G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough hair grass Agrostis scabra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

creeping bent grass Agrostis stolonifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis palustris 

short-awned foxtail Alopecurus aequalis G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes 

marsh foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

big bluestem Andropogon gerardii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sweet grass Anthoxanthum odoratum ssp. odoratum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

tall oatgrass Arrhenatherum elatius G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

wild oats Avena fatua G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

common oats Avena sativa G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

bearded short-husk Brachyelytrum erectum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fringed brome Bromus ciliatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Bromus dudleyi 

upright chess Bromus commutatus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

soft brome Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordaceus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Bromus mollis 

smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis G4G5T? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Japanese chess Bromus japonicus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

broad-glumed brome Bromus latiglumis G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

cheat chess Bromus secalinus ssp. secalinus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

downy chess Bromus tectorum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

corn gromwell Buglossoides arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes No Synonym: Lithospermum arvense 

Canada bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex alopecoidea G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

water sedge Carex aquatilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex arctata G5? S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex atherodes G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

golden sedge Carex aurea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex bebbii G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex blanda G5? S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex bromoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex buxbaumii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex canescens ssp. cannescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex castanea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex cephaloidea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


sedge Carex cephalophora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex chordorrhiza G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908 

woodland sedge Carex communis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex comosa G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex conoidea G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex crawfordii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

sedge Carex crinita G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex cristatella G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex cryptolepis G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

woodland sedge Carex deweyana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex diandra G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex digitalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex disperma G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex eburnea G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex echinata ssp. echinata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Carex muricata 

sedge Carex flava G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex foenea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex siccata 

sedge Carex gracilescens G5? S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex gracillima G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex granularis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex grayi G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

COSEWIC 

sedge Carex grisea rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex amphibola Steudel var. turgida Fernald 

sedge Carex hirtifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex hitchcockiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

bristly sedge Carex hystericina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex interior G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bladder sedge Carex intumescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

lake sedge Carex lacustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex laevivaginata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex lasiocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

sedge Carex laxiculmis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex laxiflora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex leptalea ssp. leptalea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex leptonervia G4 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex limosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

sedge Carex lupulina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bristly sedge Carex lurida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex paupercula 

sedge Carex merritt-fernaldii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

sedge Carex molesta G4 S4? rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex muhlenbergii var. muhlenbergii G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

sedge Carex pallescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

few-flowered sedge Carex pauciflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907 

sedge Carex peckii G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

sedge Carex pedunculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex pellita G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonmy: Carex lanuginosa 

woodland sedge Carex pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

plantain-leaved sedge Carex plantaginea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

broad-leaved sedge Carex platyphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex praegracilis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sedge Carex prairea G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex prasina G4 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1935 

sedge Carex projecta G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex pseudo-cyperus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex radiata G4 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonym: Carex rosea of most early ON reports, including 

PCF 

sedge Carex retrorsa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex rosea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex convoluta 

sedge Carex rugosperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex tonsa var. rugosperma 

sedge Carex scabrata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex scoparia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex sparganioides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex spicata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sedge Carex sprengelii G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex stipata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

water sedge Carex stricta G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex sychnocephala G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex tenera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex torta G5 SX rare rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1910 

sedge Carex tribuloides G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex trisperma var. trisperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bladder sedge Carex tuckermanii G4 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex utriculata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

Synonym: Carex rostrata of most ON reports, including 

PCF 

sedge Carex vaginata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex vesicaria G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex viridula ssp. viridula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

sedge Carex woodii G4Q S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

long-spined sandbur Cenchrus longispinus G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

wood reed Cinna arundinacea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

nodding wood reed Cinna latifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

crested dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1892 

riverbank umbrella-sedge Cyperus bipartitus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cyperus rivularis 

yellow nut-grass Cyperus esculentus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

slender umbrella-sedge Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cyperus filiculmis 

fragrant umbrella-sedge Cyperus odoratus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Cyperus engelmannii, Cyperus ferruginescens 

straw-colored umbrella-sedge Cyperus strigosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


orchard grass Dactylis glomerata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

poverty oat-grass Danthonia spicata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

COSEWIC 

fall witch-grass Digitaria cognatum ssp. cognatum G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

Synonym: Leptoloma cognatum / Native status is uncertain 

smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

three-way sedge Dulichium arundinaceum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

small-spiked barnyard grass Echinochloa microstachya G5Q S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Echinochloa wiegandii 

needle spike-rush Eleocharis acicularis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

red-footed spike-rush Eleocharis erythropoda G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

intermediate spike-rush Eleocharis intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

obtuse spike-rush Eleocharis obtusa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

marsh spike-rush Eleocharis smallii G5? S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Eleocharis palustris of ON reports 

Canada wild-rye Elymus canadensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1911 

bottlebrush grass Elymus hystrix G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Hystrix patula 

quack grass Elymus repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron repens 

riverbank wild-rye Elymus riparius G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

western wheatgrass Elymus smithii G5 SE2 Yes Yes No Synonym: Agropyron smithii / Historic record - 1918 

slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus G5T5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron trachycaulum 

hairy wild-rye Elymus villosus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Virginia wild-rye Elymus virginicus var. virginicus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Wiegand's wild-rye Elymus wiegandii G? S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

stink grass Eragrostis cilianensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Eragrostis megastachya 

tall love-grass Eragrostis hypnoides G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No 

little love-grass Eragrostis minor G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Eragrostis pooides 

tufted love-grass Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

slender cotton-grass Eriophorum gracile G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1890 

sheathed cotton-grass Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Eriophorum spissum / Historic record - 1890 

tawny cotton-grass Eriophorum virginicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

thin-leaved cotton-grass Eriophorum viridi-carinatum G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

tall fescue Festuca arundinacea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hard fescue Festuca brevipila G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Festuca longifolia of ON reports including PCF, 

Festuca ovina, Festuca trachyphylla 

slender fescue Festuca filiformis G5 SE2 Yes Yes No Synonym: Festuca tenuifolia / Historic record - 1891 

meadow fescue Festuca pratensis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Festuca elatior 

red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

nodding fescue Festuca subverticillata G5 S4 No Yes Yes Synonym: Festuca obtusa 

northern manna grass Glyceria borealis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Glyceria fluitans 

rattlesnake manna grass Glyceria canadensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

tall manna grass Glyceria grandis G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes 

rough manna grass Glyceria maxima G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

floating manna grass Glyceria septentrionalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fowl manna grass Glyceria striata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

velvet grass Holcus lanatus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

foxtail barley Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common barley Hordeum vulgare G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

alpine rush Juncus alpinoarticulatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Juncus alpinus 

jointed rush Juncus articulatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Baltic rush Juncus balticus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

short-tailed rush Juncus brevicaudatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1891 

toad rush Juncus bufonius G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Canada rush Juncus canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908 

compressed rush Juncus compressus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

path rush Juncus dudleyi G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

soft rush Juncus effusus ssp. solutus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

knotted rush Juncus nodosus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

path rush Juncus pylaei G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

path rush Juncus tenuis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Torrey's rush Juncus torreyi G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rice cut-grass Leersia oryzoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

white cut-grass Leersia virginica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lolium multiflorum 

poison rye-grass Lolium temulentum G? SEH Yes Yes No Historic record - 1912 

hairy woodrush Luzula acuminata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

many-flowered woodrush Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

melic grass Melica smithii G4 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

wood millet Milium effusum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1911 

Amur silver grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus G? SEH Yes Yes Yes 

wire-stemmed muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wild timothy Muhlenbergia glomerata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1910 

Mexican muhly Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

woodland muhly Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. sylvatica G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

white-grained mountain-rice Oryzopsis asperifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

black-grained mountain-rice Oryzopsis racemosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

dwarf panic grass Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Dichanthelium acuminatum, Panicum 

implicatum, Panicum lanuginosum, Panicum praecocius, 

Panicum villosissimum 

witch grass Panicum capillare G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

fall panic grass Panicum dichotomiflorum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

broad-leaved panic grass Panicum latifolium G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

narrow-leaved panic grass Panicum linearifolium G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

broom-corn millet Panicum miliaceum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

canary grass Phalaris canariensis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1890 

timothy Phleum pratense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common reed Phragmites australis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Phragmites communis 

woodland bluegrass Poa alsodes G4? S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

annual bluegrass Poa annua G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

bulbous bluegrass Poa bulbosa G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

Canada bluegrass Poa compressa G? S5 No Yes Yes 

wood bluegrass Poa nemoralis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

fowl bluegrass Poa palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

two-rayed bluegrass Poa saltuensis G5? S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

rough bluegrass Poa trivialis G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

saltmarsh grass Puccinellia distans G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

white beakrush Rhynchospora alba G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

false melic grass Schizachne purpurascens ssp. purpurascens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Andropogon scoparius 

hard-stemmed bulrush Scirpus acutus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

green bulrush Scirpus atrovirens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus hattorianus (in part) 

Clinton's club-rush Scirpus clintonii G4 S2 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

wool-grass Scirpus cyperinus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

river bulrush Scirpus fluviatilis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

alpine cotton-grass Scirpus hudsonianus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

red-sheathed bulrush Scirpus microcarpus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus rubrotinctus 

stalked wool-grass Scirpus pedicellatus G4 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus cyperinus var. pedicellatus 

lined bulrush Scirpus pendulus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

American sword-grass Scirpus pungens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus americanus 

soft-stemmed bulrush Scirpus validus G? S5 No Yes Yes 

rye Secale cereale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

foxtail millet Setaria italica G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1890 

yellow foxtail Setaria pumila G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Setaria glauca 

bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

green foxtail Setaria viridis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

indian grass Sorghastrum nutans G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

green-fruited burreed Sparganium emersum ssp. emersum NR S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Sparganium chlorocarpum 

giant burreed Sparganium eurycarpum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

tall cord grass Spartina pectinata G5 S4 rare rare Yes Yes No 

Historic record - 1910 / Although native elsewhere in the 

province, the Peel record is an introduction. 

slender wedge grass Sphenopholis intermedia G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes 

sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus NR S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

overlooked dropseed Sporobolus neglectus G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

ensheathed dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

marsh arrow-grass Triglochin palustre G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

narrow-leaved cattail Typha angustifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common cattail Typha latifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hybrid cattail Typha x glauca HYB S5 No Yes Yes = Typha angustifolia x Typha latifolia 

hybrid wheatgrass x Elyhordeum macounii HYB S1 No Yes Yes 

corn Zea mays G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

common wild rice Zizania aquatica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

northern wild rice Zizania palustris G4G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes 

= Elymus trachycaulus x Hordeum jubatum / Synonyms: x 

Agrohordeum macounii, Elymus macounii 

Synonym: Zizania aquatica of early ON records (in part) / 

Historic record - 1927


herbaceous vines A non-woody plant with trailing stems 

Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 


climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa G4 S4 rare rare No Yes No 

virgin's-bower Clematis virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

shrub A multi-stemmed woody plant, usually shorter than a tree. 

S-Rank 

COSEWIC 

Saskatoon berry Amelanchier alnifolia G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Amelanchier humilis 

roundleaf juneberry Amelanchier sanguinea G5 S5? No Yes Yes Synonym: Amelanchier huronensis 

running juneberry Amelanchier stolonifera G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Andromeda glaucophylla 

bristly sarsaparilla Aralia hispida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889 

black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Aronia prunifolia, Pyrus melanocarpa 

Oregon-grape Berberis aquifolium G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Mahonia aquifolia 

Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

common barberry Berberis vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

Siberian pea-tree Caragana arborescens G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

New Jersey tea Ceanothus americanus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889 

sweet-fern Comptonia peregrina G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Myrica asplenifolia 

silky dogwood Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cornus obliqua 

bunchberry Cornus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

gray dogwood Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa G5? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Cornus racemosa 

round-leaved dogwood Cornus rugosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

red osier Cornus stolonifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

beaked hazel Corylus cornuta ssp. cornuta G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Persian daphne Daphne mezereum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

water-willow Decodon verticillatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bush honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

leatherwood Dirca palustris G4 S4? rare No Yes Yes 

running strawberry-bush Euonymus obovata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

forsythia Forsythia viridissima G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

black huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

great St. John's-wort Hypericum ascyron G4 S4 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Hypericum pyramidatum 

winterberry Ilex verticillata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common juniper Juniperus communis var. depressa G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bog laurel Kalmia polifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

Labrador-tea Ledum groenlandicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common privet Ligustrum vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

spicebush Lindera benzoin G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

twinflower Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

fly honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

goat-leaf honeysuckle Lonicera caprifolium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

ornamental honeysuckle Lonicera chrysantha NR SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

Morrow's honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

swamp fly honeysuckle Lonicera oblongifolia G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

mountain fly honeysuckle Lonicera villosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hybrid honeysuckle Lonicera x bella HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes = Lonicera morrowii x Lonicera tatarica 

European fly honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

partridge-berry Mitchella repens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

mock-orange Philadelphus coronarius G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

shrubby cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

choke cherry Prunus virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

alder-leaved buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

glossy buckthorn Rhamnus frangula G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Frangula alnus 

smooth sumac Rhus glabra G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

poison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. rydbergii G5T? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Toxicodendron rydbergii 

staghorn sumac Rhus typhina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

wild black currant Ribes americanum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

prickly gooseberry Ribes cynosbati G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

skunk currant Ribes glandulosum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

smooth gooseberry Ribes hirtellum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1891 

northern black currant Ribes hudsonianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

black garden currant Ribes nigrum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

golden currant Ribes odoratum G4G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Ribes aureum 

red garden currant Ribes rubrum G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Ribes sativum 

swamp red currant Ribes triste G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European currant Ribes uva-crispa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Synonym: Ribes grossularia 

smooth rose Rosa blanda G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

dog rose Rosa canina G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

multiflora rose Rosa multiflora G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

swamp rose Rosa palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

sweetbrier rose Rosa rubiginosa NR SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Rosa eglanteria 

mountain blackberry Rubus allegheniensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

wild red raspberry Rubus idaeus ssp. melanolasius G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Rubus strigosus 

black raspberry Rubus occidentalis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

purple-flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Bebb's willow Salix bebbiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hoary willow Salix candida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

goat willow Salix caprea G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

gray willow Salix cinerea G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Salix humilis of PCF 

pussy willow Salix discolor G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

heart-leaved willow Salix eriocephala G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix rigida 

sandbar willow Salix exigua G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix interior 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


shining willow Salix lucida G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

bog willow Salix pedicellaris G4 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

bay-leaved willow Salix pentandra G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

slender willow Salix petiolaris G4 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix gracilis 

basket willow Salix purpurea G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

autumn willow Salix serissima G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

common elderberry Sambucus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

red-berried elderberry Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens G5T4T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Sambucus pubens 

Canada soapberry Shepherdia canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

false spiraea Sorbaria sorbifolia G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

common meadowsweet Spiraea alba G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Spiraea latifolia 

Asian meadowsweet Spiraea chamaedryfolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

Japanese meadowsweet Spiraea japonica G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

willow-leaved meadowsweet Spiraea salicifolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

hardhack Spiraea tomentosa G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

bladdernut Staphylea trifolia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

snowberry Symphoricarpos albus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

wolfberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

lilac Syringa vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

American yew Taxus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

large cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon G4 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

velvet-leaf blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

small cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

dryland blueberry Vaccinium pallidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Vaccinium vacillans 

maple-leaved viburnum Viburnum acerifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

wild-raisin Viburnum cassinoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

hobblebush Viburnum lantanoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viburnum alnifolium 

guelder-rose Viburnum opulus G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

downy arrow-wood Viburnum rafinesquianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

highbush cranberry Viburnum trilobum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

prickly-ash Zanthoxylum americanum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

small trees A single stemmed woody plant reaching less than 2m in height. 

mountain maple Acer spicatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

speckled alder Alnus incana ssp. rugosa G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Alnus rugosa 

downy juneberry Amelanchier arborea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

smooth juneberry Amelanchier laevis G4G5Q S5 No Yes Yes 

blue-beech Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

alternate-leaved dogwood Cornus alternifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus calpodendron G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus corusca G3G5 S2S3 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus holmesiana G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus macracantha NR S5 No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus macrosperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 


COSEWIC 

Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus pedicellata G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus pringlei G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus pruinosa G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus punctata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus scabrida G3G4 S4 rare rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus schuettei G3G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

hawthorn Crataegus submollis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

hawthorn Crataegus succulenta G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Russian-olive Elaeagnus angustifolia G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

winged spindle-tree Euonymus alata Yes Yes No 

spindle tree Euonymus europaea G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

Siberian crabapple Malus baccata G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus baccata 

mountain-holly Nemopanthus mucronatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Canada plum Prunus nigra G4G5 S4 No Yes Yes 

pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

American mountain-ash Sorbus americana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus americana 

Siberian elm Ulmus pumila G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

nannyberry Viburnum lentago G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

trees A woody plant usually with a single stem which can reach heights of several metres. 

balsam fir Abies balsamea G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Manitoba maple Acer negundo G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Norway maple Acer platanoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

red maple Acer rubrum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

silver maple Acer saccharinum G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

black maple Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum G5Q S4? No Yes Yes Synonym: Acer nigrum 

sugar maple Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum G5T? S5 No Yes Yes 

horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Betula lutea 

white birch Betula papyrifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European weeping birch Betula pendula G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

dwarf birch Betula pumila G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Betula glandulifera 

bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

shagbark hickory Carya ovata var. ovata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

northern catalpa Catalpa speciosa GU SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

American beech Fagus grandifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

white ash Fraxinus americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

European ash Fraxinus excelsior G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

black ash Fraxinus nigra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

red ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos G5 S2 Yes Yes Yes 

butternut Juglans cinerea G3G4 S3? No Yes Yes 

black walnut Juglans nigra G5 S4 No Yes Yes 


COSEWIC 

Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


COSEWIC 

eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

European larch Larix decidua G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

tamarack Larix laricina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

common apple Malus pumila G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Malus domestica, Pyrus malus 

white mulberry Morus alba G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

hop-hornbeam Ostrya virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Norway spruce Picea abies G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

white spruce Picea glauca G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

black spruce Picea mariana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No 

jack pine Pinus banksiana G5 S5 Yes Yes Yes 

red pine Pinus resinosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Native status of this species is uncertain. 

white pine Pinus strobus G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Scots pine Pinus sylvestris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

sycamore Platanus occidentalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

plane-tree Platanus x acerifolia GU SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Platanus hybrida 

white poplar Populus alba G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

balsam poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

large-tooth aspen Populus grandidentata G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Lombardy poplar Populus nigra G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

trembling aspen Populus tremuloides G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hybrid poplar Populus x berolinensis HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus laurifolia x Populus nigra 

gray poplar Populus x canescens HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus tremula 

hybrid aspen Populus x heimbergeri HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus tremuloides 

hybrid poplar Populus x jackii HYB S2 No Yes Yes 

= Populus balsamifera x Populus deltoides / Synonym: 

Populus x gileadensis 

hybrid aspen Populus x rouleauiana HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus grandidentata 

sweet cherry Prunus avium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

cherry plum Prunus cerasifera G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

sour cherry Prunus cerasus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

black cherry Prunus serotina G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

Nanking cherry Prunus tomentosa G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes 

common pear Pyrus communis G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

white oak Quercus alba G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

swamp white oak Quercus bicolor G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

bur oak Quercus macrocarpa G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

red oak Quercus rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes Quercus borealis 

black oak Quercus velutina G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

black locust Robinia pseudo-acacia G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

white willow Salix alba G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes 

peach-leaved willow Salix amygdaloides G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes 

crack willow Salix fragilis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

black willow Salix nigra G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

sassafras Sassafras albidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

European mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus aucuparia 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes


Subspecies/ 

Variety 

G-Rank 

S-Rank 


eastern white cedar Thuja occidentalis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

basswood Tilia americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

American elm Ulmus americana G5? S5 No Yes Yes 

red elm Ulmus rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

rock elm Ulmus thomasii G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes 

woody vine A woody plant with trailing stems. 

COSEWIC 

oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes 

climbing bittersweet Celastrus scandens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

purple clematis Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1891 

trailing arbutus Epigaea repens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

Japanese hops Humulus japonicus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes 

common hops Humulus lupulus var. lupulus G5 SE3? Yes Yes Yes 

limber honeysuckle Lonicera dioica G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

hairy honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta G4G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes 

moonseed Menispermum canadense G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes 

common Virginia creeper Parthenocissus inserta G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Parthenocissus vitacea 

poison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. negundo G5T? S5 No Yes Yes 

Synonyms: Rhus radicans ssp. radicans of PCF, 

Toxicodendron negundo 

northern dewberry Rubus flagellaris G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

swamp dewberry Rubus hispidus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No 

dwarf raspberry Rubus pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes 

bristly greenbrier Smilax hispida G5Q S4 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilax tamnoides 

climbing nightshade Solanum dulcamara G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

periwinkle Vinca minor G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes 

summer grape Vitis aestivalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes 

fox grape Vitis labrusca G5 S1 Yes Yes Yes 

riverbank grape Vitis riparia G5 S5 No Yes Yes 


Prov Status 

GTA Status 


Non-Native 

Status 

Peel Region 

CVC 

Notes

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Plants of the Credit River Watershed - Credit Valley Conservation

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