United States Agency for International Development - (PDF, 101 mb ...

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 

Asian Development Bank (ADB) 

Conservation International (CI) 

United Nations Development Program (UN DP) 

First Philippine Conservation Inc. (FPCI) 

Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE) 

Biodiversity Conservation Program, 

UP Center for Integrative and Development Studies 

and the National Academy of Science and Technology (BCP UPCIDS-NAST) 

Haribon Foundation 

Siemens 

IN COOPERATION WITH: 

Philippine Council for Forestry & Natural Resources Research & Development (PCARRD); Forest 

Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI); International Council for Living Aquatic 

Resources (ICLARM); Asean Rsgional Center for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC); Palawan 

Council for Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS); University of the Philippines College Baguio 

(UPCB); Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR); Coastal Resources Management 

Program (CRMP); Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC); University of the 

Philippines Los Banos (UPLB);Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA); University of the 

Philippines Diliman (UPD);Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (KKP); Emilio Aguinaldo College (EAC); 

Palawan State University (PSU); PAWD-DENR Regional Offices; Plan International (PI); De 

LaSalle University; Bicol University (BU); Bookmark

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Title Page 

List of Acronyms 

1. Executive Summary 

Process Documentation 

11. Annexes 

Annex 1 

Annex 2 

Annex 3 

Annex 4 

Annex 5 

Annex 6 

Annex 7 

Annex 8 

Annex 9 

Annex 10 

Annex 11 

Annex 11.1 

Annex 12 

Annex 12.1 

Annex 13 

Annex 14 

Annex 15 

Annex 16 

Annex 17 

Annex 18 

Annex 19 

Annex 20 

Annex 21 

111. Attachments 

: Keynote Address of Usec Mario Rorio 9 

: Luzon Situationer by Ms. Mae Lowe S. Leonida 10 

: Background on the NBCPSW Process by Dr. Mundita S. Lim 11 

: NBCPSW Process by Dr. Peny S. Ong 15 

: Orientation and Leveling of Expectations by Prof. Leticia E. Afuang 17 

: Presentation of the Protected Areas by Ms. Norma Molinyawe 19 

: PRISMA Presentation by Dr. Oliver G. Coroza 3 1 

: Status Report of the Socio-Econ Working Group by Rowena Reyes-Boquiren 36 

: Status Report of the Birds and Mammals Working Group by Blas R. Tabaranza 38 

: Status Report of the Herps Working Group by Arvln C. Diesmos 65 

: Status Report of the Arthropods Working Group by Victor P. Gapud 66 

: Data Update: Philipp~ne Mites and Ticks by Leonila C. Raros 72 

: Status Report of the Plant Working Group by Daniel A. Lagunzad 74 

: Data Update: Philippine Palms by Edwno S. Fernando 78 

: Status Report of the Marine Working Group by Porfino M. Alino 82 

: Status Report of the Freshwater Working Group by Adelina C. Santos-Boja 85 

: Workshop Output of Socio-Econ Working Group 89 

: Workshop Output of Arthropods Working Group 93 

: Workshop Output of Vertebrates Worklng Group 95 

: Workshop Output of Freshwater Worklng Group 98 

: Workshop Output of Manne Working Group 101 

: Workshop Output of Plant Working Group 104 

: Vegetation of the Philippine Islands by Edwino S. Fernando 107 

Attachment 1. Program 125 

Attachment 2. Sample Criteria Form . 127 

Attachment 3. Evaluation Results 128 

Attachment 4. Sample Certificate 129 

Attachment 5. Directory of Participants 130 

Plates 134

ADB 

ARCBC 

AusAid 

BCP 

BFAR 

BU 

CI Phil 

CPPAP 

CRMP 

DENR 

DLSU 

EAC 

ERDB 

ESSC 

FPU 

FPE 

FPRDI 

GIs 

Grz 

Haribon 

ICLARM 

IP 

IPAS 

KKP 

LGU 

LLDA 

MCME 

NAS 

NBCPSW 

NBSAP 

NEDA 

NGO 

NIPAP 

NIPAS Law 

NSO 

PA 

PAMB 

PASu 

PAWB 

PAWD 

PCAMRD 

PCARRD 

PCSDS 

PNM 

PSU 

RDC 

REEG 

UNDP 

UP 

UP aDS 

U PD 

UP Min 

U PCB 

UPLB 

UP-MSI 

USAID 

WGL 

WCSP 

Asian Development Bank 

Asean Regional Council for Biodiversity Conservation 

Australian Agency for International Development 

Biodiversity Conservation Program 

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 

Bicol University 

Consemtion International - Philippines 

Conservation of Priority Protected Areas Project 

Coastal Resource Management Program 

Department of Environment and IVatural Resources 

De La Salle University 

Emilio Aguinaldo College 

Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau 

Environmental Science for Social Change 

First Philippine Conservation Inc. 

Foundation for the Philippine Environment 

Forest Products Research and Development Institute 

Geographical Information System 

German Technical Assistance 

Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 

International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management 

Indigenous People 

Integrated Protected Areas System 

Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas 

Local Government Units 

Laguna Lake Development Authority 

Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems 

National Academy of Science and Technology 

National Biodiversity Conservation Priority-Setting Workshop 

National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan 

National Economic Development Authority 

Non-Government Organization 

National Integrated Protected Areas Project 

National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 

National Statistics Office 

Protected Area 

Protected Area Management Board 

Protected Area Superintendent 

Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau 

Protected Areas and Wilidlife Division 

Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Resources Research and Development 

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and 

Palawan Council Sustainable Development Staff 

Philippine National Museum 

Palawan State University 

Regional Development Council 

Resource, Environment and Economic Consultants, Inc. 

United Nations Development Programme 

University of the Philippines 

University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies 

University of the Philippines Diliman 

University of the Philippines Mindanao 

University of the Philippines - College of Baguio 

University of the Philippines Los Baiios 

University of the Philippines - Marine Sceince Institute 

United States Agency for International Development 

Working Group Leader 

Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines

Executive Summary 

The Luzon Regional Consultation was held last September 27-29, 2000 at the Punta Baluarte, 

Calatagan, Batangas. This was the third of the series of regional consultations in preparation for 

the National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop (NBCPSW). A joint effort of the 

Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (PAWB- 

DENR), Conservation International - Philippines (CI-Phil), and the Biodiversity Conservation 

Program of the University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies 

(BCP UP-CIDS), the Regional Consultations' purpose was geared towards optimizing data 

gathering and consolidation for the region, strengthening participation among experts and 

stakeholders, and facilitating network initiatives for future actions on Biodiversity cdnservation. 

With funding support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 

Foundation for Philippine Environment (FPE), Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Haribon 

Foundation, the workshop had specific objectives, similar to what it had for the Visayas and 

Ivlindanao, namely: 

0 

0 

To convene a small group of scientists, representatives from the NGOs and the government 

(PAWB, BFAR, LGUs, etc.), and academic institutions to make a preliminary assessment on 

the status of biodiversity conservation work in the region; and 

To agree on a work plan and responsibilities for the work ahead up to the national 

workshop. 

A total of 74 participants, including local experts, staff, facilitators and guests attended the 

Mindanao Regional Consultation. Experts and representatives of 26 institutions from the Luzon, 

Mindoro and Palawan islands provided, consolidated and validated information enthusiastically, 

making the Luzon Consultation a successful endeavour. Although the expected outputs were 

similar in form hith the Visayas and Mindanao consultation, such as updated information and 

data sources, results of the Luzon consultation was far more extensive due to the availability of 

more working maps and a high number of experts. The output consisted of a) corrected and/or 

additional map information, b) additional data sources, c) additional bibliography d) directory of 

experts in the Luzon region, e) commitment to submit data and positive response from the 

participants, f) nominations of Luzon representatives for the national workshop and lastly g) 

each working group defined the criteria for priority-setting. 

This three-day workshop went through an updating of available data presented by the working 

group leaders, worked on through the maps by the different thematic groups who also added on 

and refined the criteria to be used for prioritization. On a scale of 1 to 5 (five being the highest, 

a relatively high rating of 4.4 resulted from a number of evaluation returns with suggestions that 

include advance in-~itations, invitations did not reach the regional office/concerned personnel 

they only received verbal communication from PAWB, more experts and strictness on time. 

Verbal commendations that was not explicit in the evaluation form was however common, 

clearly indicating that the Consultation was a success.

Luzon Regional Consu/fatjon 

Punta Baluarte, Calatagan, Batangas 

27-29 September 2000 

Se~tember 27, 2000, Wednesday 

The third in the series of regional consultations, the Luzon Regional Consultation 

commenced and culminated on September 27-29, 2000 in the isolated waterfronts of 

Punta Baluarte Resort in Calatagan, Batangas. Although having the same objectives as 

the first two consultations, this series is relatively the most representative, more highly 

attended and most unique and productive. The participants are most representative 

because the participants represent three big islands of the country: the largest, the third 

and the seventh in total land areas for Luzon, Palawan and Mindoro respectively; more 

agencies have also been invited for this workshop, having a total of 26 agencies. It was 

most highly attended because of the presence of a bigger number of the country's 

biodiversity experts and more active working groups had more intense efforts to work on 

maps and share data. The savings on plane fare allowed more to be invited and 

subsidized; only the Palawan group and one each from IVorthern and Southern Luzon 

took the plane to participate in the workshop. The uniqueness and high significance of 

the workshop leans on distinct biogeographical characterizations of each of the three 

faunal regions, known to be Greater Luzon, Greater Palawan and Greater Mindoro, also 

virtually implying the Bornean inclination of Palawan, the unique oceanic isolation of 

Mindoro and the richness of the isolated peaks and forests of Luzon, that have served as 

centers of endemicity or even speciation. It was expected from the results of this 

workshop that the degree of data shall increase tremendously and aata gathering shall 

also culminate, for the final preparations for the National workshop. 

The advance party arrived at the venue at three in the afternoon of September 26 and 

did the final preparations of the venue and the materials. The following morning at 8:00 

am was the registration. The Opening Program started with a song for an invocation led 

by Prof. Leticia Afuang and Ms. Joy Hibaya. Ms. Joy Navarro led the National Anthem. 

The welcome remarks was given by RED Vicente Paragas, Regional Executive Director, 

who also read the Keynote address of USEC Roiio (Annex I), DENR Undersecretary for 

International Commitment and Local Government Affairs. Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan 

Situationer was delivered by Ms. Mae Leonida, Luzon Regional Coordinator (Annex 2). Dr. 

Theresa Mundita Lim, PAWB ASST. Director/NBCPSW Convenor, delivered the NBCPSW 

backgrounder (Annex 3); Dr. Perry S. Ong, CI Philippines Country Director, and NBCPSW 

Co-Convenor presented NBCPSW Process (Annex 4). At ll:OOam, orientation and 

leveling of expectations was facilitated by Prof. Leticia E. Afuang followed (Annex 5) by a 

sumptuous and overflowing lunch given at 12 to 1 pm. 

The afternoon session started with the updatz on protected areas for Luzon, given by 

Ms. Norma Molinyawe of PAWB (Annex 6). At 2 pm, data updates were delivered by the 

working group leaders in a series, and were started by Dr. Rowie Boquiren, who gave a 

short overview on the tasks being undertaken by the socio-econ group (Annex 8). She 

had to express her burden on loosing a Research Associate, and having to catch up on 

data gathering because of her late assumption of the job. Her enthusiasm and zeal to 

achieve as much as the other groups is highly encouraging. Prof. Blas Tabaranza Jr. 

followed with the updates both for the Birds and Mammals group (Annex 9). Arvin 

Diesmos, WGL for herps impressed the participants with beautiful and candid pictures of 

amphibians and reptiles in the field (Annex 10). Dr. Victor P. Gapud then presented the 

list of experts, data updates and the limitations of the data available for the arthropods. 

He also mentioned that there is a number of foreign experts workiqg on insects and the

possibility of invitivg some of them to the National Workshop (Annex 11). Dr. Leonila 

Raros also gave an overview on the status of Philippine mites and ticks (Annex 11.1). 

She mentioned that this is the first time that this group was included in this kind of 

endeavor. She also discussed the vast collection of Philippine mites in Chicago and 

Hawaii due to the extensive collection of Philippine vertebrates such as the Rabor 

Collection and Heaney's collection. Dr. Dan hgunzad, Plant WGL gave the list of 

experts, data updates and accumulations, and limitations on certain suggested groups as 

representatives for the plant database. To work on the whole plant group for on such a 

limited time is clearly impossible. (Annex 12). Dr. Edwino S. Fernando, presented a 

scholarly report on the distribution of the palms (Annex 12.1). Dr. Peny Aliiio presented 

the marine group criteria and updates, focusing on Marine Protected Areas and the way 

it relates with the whole CPW process (Annex 13). The last presentor was Lenie Boja 

who discussed the updates on freshwater developments (Annex 14). She also mentioned 

"Pagpahingahin ang Lawa" - no aquaculture program of the LLDA, which prohibited the 

establishment of fish pens in the Laguna Lake areas. Coming to the review of the lakes 

around the Region, she also mentioned a special lake in Palawan that won the cleanest 

lake award, which was Lake Manguao. Her inventory gave eighteen major lakes in Luzon, 

also including list of information on areas that have reports on endemicity. "Dulong", 

which is a lake endemic fish in the Bicol Region has also been mentioned to have 

reached a high price of up tc PhP 2,00O/kilo because of its rarity and imminent 

extinction, if not protected. 

The series of reports ended at 5:45 pm, which was followed by Oliver Coroza's 

introduction of PRISMA to the group (Annex 7). Enthusiasm was again raised because of 

the impressive pictures and functions that the software seemed to open to them. 

Everybody wanted to have a copy of the CD. Hands-on work on the material could not be 

accommodated in the day's schedule. Dinner and cocktails were waiting at the saltwater 

swimming pool down the seafront. People were asked to re-convene at 7pm. 

The day's dinqer was served at the windy and salty waterfront of the Bay. Good, 

overflowing food waited the refreshed group who sat beneath the shelters of some 

unidentifiable trees, under a moonless but starry, clear sky. There was no rain and the 

air was cool, and wind blew refreshingly. Dr. Edwino Fernando and Mae Leonida enjoyed 

hosting the program and providing gifts for the winners of games. Some outstanding 

prizewinners were Dr. Reynaldo dela Paz for the most unusual song, Blas Tabaranza for 

the most unique and funny Abbu Sayyaf version of "Mona Lisa", Lorie Tan for the 

funniest stand-up comedy with song and best group perfomers for the CI staff. 

The group woke up quite late because many of them stayed up late the night before. But 

at 8:30am orientation for the day's work plan was already given by Letty Afuang. The 

day's work included the updating of the Luzon statistics, the refinement of the criteria 

setting, the updating and paper mapping of information and the listing nominees for the 

national workshop. Everybody was bent on getting a fulldays' work done. Most were 

hesitant to stand up for lunch but with the program. coordinator's insistence, they stood 

up at 12:30 for a lunch break. Group picture had to be taken before lunch and every 

thematic group also had a group picture. 

At 5:OO-6:OOpm dinner was served at the Pagapas Cafe. The work for the day is full and 

long but some of the groups went back to the function room to finish their work. The 

work went ad infiniturn specially for the CPW staff who had to make the necessary

preparations for the next day's presentation. Tomorrow's major activity was a 

presentation of the reports and every group aims to bring out their best. 

September 29,2000, Friday 

Although the CPW staff had a long day the previous night, they were back to the function 

room working as early as six in the morning. Final preparations for the presentations had 

to be finished by eight o'clock, the presentation time. The series of presentations was 

presented in the following sequence: Socio-econ group, Arthropods, Vertebrates, 

Freshwater, Marine and Plant group. 

SOCIO-ECON (Annex 15) 

After running through the corrections they made as well as the additional information 

they provided on the maps, Dr. R. Boquiren presented in brief the information generated 

by the group's discussions on the socio-econ criteria. In leveling-off the group's opinion 

on the definition of the different variables, scoring for some of these criteria was 

reversed. A relatively low per capita income of a certain area for example should call for 

high prioritization. Likewise, scoring for the variable cultural diversity was reversed, as 

high priority should be given to areas whose customary land rights, beliefs and practices 

have already been influenced by outside factors. The same is true for conservation 

initiatives and opportunities, to give high priority to areas to those without any 

conservation effort. 

The major achievement of the socio-econ group was validation of information and testing 

of the criteria set for the socio-econ group. With the able facilitation of Dr. Boquiren, 

information and site experiences of the PASUs, DENR personnel and NGO representatives 

were used as pre-testing materials for the effectivity of the criteria for prioritization. 

Results came to show that there is consistency and effectivity in identifying priority sites 

for the socio-econ group. 

Cr'tera and scoring 

A. Leveling-off of experts' opinion on the definition of variables 

1. Population pressure 

In discussing the importance of identifying population pressures, the group 

touched on whether to consider "pressure points with on-going 

interventions/efforts" in setting priorities since efforts can otherwise be 

directed to other areas without conservation efforts. Since, disregarding 

these areas might lead to its 'omission" in setting conservation priorities in 

the country, the group agreed to include areas with on-going interventions. 

And in doing so, the following should further be identified: 

what and where are the pressure points 

are the interventions working? 

effect of Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) and 

Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claims (CADC)

a. density 

The group agreed not to look at the standard definition of density but 

instead be "area-specific" depending on the site's relation to population 

pressures and resource utilization. This information will be gathered from 

the National Statistics Office (NSO) data as well as experts' opinion. 

b. Migration 

At the beginning of the discussion, it was raised that the definition of 

Indigenous Peoples (Ips) be qualified- a) original IPS; b) migrant IPS or 

"settlers". Finally, the original or historical definition of IPS was retained. 

The group then tried to map out pressure points based on the influx of 

migrants in a certain area. 

c. per capita income 

d. poverty incidence 

For per capita income and poverty incidence, the group decided to reverse 

the scoring to give high priority to areas with significantly lower per capita 

Income. 

e. tenurial issues 

Comprehensive land use plans of the province would usually indicate 

tenurial issues. However there is a conflict between the land use system 

and the actual land use. Some argued that the comprehensive land use is 

still the basis of tenurial issues. Data providers would include the DENR, 

CBFM and CADC data. In identifying the tenurial status of the area, the 

number of hectares covered by each tenurial region should be identified, 

including big blocks of CADC areas. 

However, there is a question on using the comprehensive land use of the 

province as the basis of tenurial issues and not the actual land use: the data 

may not realistically capture on-the-ground information. It was agreed that 

the Northern Sierra Madre Nationai Park (NSMNP) be the test case to find a 

realistic picture of the matter. 

2. Resource utilization issues 

a. im~act of resource utilization practices 

b. economic trends 

3. Cultural diversity 

a. persistence of customary land rights and arrangements 

b. NRM practices & beliefs (sustainable IKS) 

Scoring for this particular criterion was likewise reversed as high priority 

should be given to areas whose customary land rights, beliefs and practices 

have been influenced by outside factors

4. Policy harmonization 

a. identification of models ill biodiversity-related policy harmonization 

b. identification of issues in national and local intra- & inter-agency 

conflicts 

5. Conservation initiatives and opportunities 

a. institutionalization of conservation effort (sustained & supported by 

LGU and community) 

b. community management 

Scoring was also reversed for this particular criterion to give particular 

importance to areas without conservation initiatives and opportunities. 

B. Testcases 

Given the criteria identified above, test cases were done on IVSIYNP, 

Palawan, Mts. Makiling, Isarog and Guiting-guiting in identifying priority 

areas 

ARTHROPODS (Annex 16) 

Dr. Gapud presented the details of their accomplishments for the workshop, primarily on 

the paper mapping of important arthropod groups based on the expertise of the three 

members of the group. He also expressed his great hope that he'll get more experts in 

the National workshop. Presently he said, and over the next few weeks, they'll be busy 

working on the map distributions. 

VERTEBRATES (Annex 17) 

The Vertebrate group was headed by Prof. Blas Tabaranza and Arvin Diesmos. The 

group identified the protected areas in Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan, including the 

corresponding sources of information for each area. The criteria they have identified 

were tested on two sites, namely, Balbalasang in Northern Luzon and Palawan (see 

vertebrate presentation for details-Annex 17). 

FRESHWATER (Annex 18) 

This is the first time that the freshwater working group was well represented, unlike in 

previous consultations. Ms. Lennie Bo jar the working group leader, gave the agenda and 

got information on additional experts from different institutions. People in the group 

promised to email Ms. Borja these additional addresses of people working on freshwater. 

The group later validated the name and location of the lakes, rivers and marshes in 

Luzon, and also identified the areas with available data and the institution that is working 

on them. The criteria that was consolidated from the Visayas and Mindanao 

consultations, was then reviewed and refined to fit- the freshwater group. To test the 

usability of the criteria, it was tested on two sample sites, which is familiar to all them: 

Taal Lake and Laguna de Bay (see Annex 20). 

MARINE (Annex 19) 

Dr. Perry Alino of UP MSI headed the marine working group. The group was represented 

by different agencies such as UP MSI, UPLB, KKP, ICLARM, PAWB, DLSU and Bookmark.

The group defined the criteria that they will use in priority-setting (see presentation). It 

was also noted that the maps downloaded from the website philreefs.org. are the useful 

working maps for the marine group. Perry also mentioned that the marine would be 

divided into several taxa for the production of status reports for each taxon. Each taxon 

will be handled by experts involved in that particular field, for example, Dr. Rey dela Paz 

of DLSU and Rodolfo Reyes of IClARM will be handling the museum collections of fishes. 

PLANTS (Annex 20) 

A. Definition and Classifiwtion of Habiht Types 

The group assessed that the definition of SITE / HABrTAT used by the NBCPSW 

thematic groups should be standardized. There was a consensus that the 

standard type of habitat to be used should conform to global standards but 

should relate to what is actually on the ground. 

Habitat is a primary concern of the PLANT WORKING GROUP 

Whitmore's classification (abridged in Fernando's report - see Annex 21) was to 

be adapted but refinements were discussed using the group's knowledge on 

existing types of vegetation in the country. Dr. Fernando's unpublished paper on 

Vegetation of the Philippine Islands was also an extensive contribution to the 

discussion. 

The range of habitat types used by the vertebrate group was narrowed down to 

only 13 major types. 

The thorough discussion led to the development of a paper, giving samples of 

the area representing each classification type and the corresponding description 

of the sites. 

B, Review and Prioritkation of Criteria 

Given a guide of criteria matrix developed by the Working Group Leaden from 

previous regional consultations, the plant group refined and clarified each 

criterion, taking into consideration its utility for prioritization of sites using plants 

as indicators. 

Another matrix was developed; each habitat type paired and given scores of 

prioritization (1 to 5 points, 1 being the highest) with each criterion (see Criteria 

Prioritization table in the Plant Group Workshop presentation). Further 

discussions gave emphasis on criteria present on-s~te and can be assessed by the 

experts in presence. 

Other criteria not given values were reserved for later fine-tuning of priorities to 

be used if there are sufficient data. It was recommended that all possible criteria 

be considered in the national workshop. 

C Mapphg of Data and Sources 

Maps of Luzon and Palawan with political boundaries were overlaid with 

protected-area maps to assess which (a) sites that have been well-studied and 

have sufficient data, (b) those that have been studied but no available literature 

and (c) those that have not been studied and have very limited information. 

Sites of collections of each working group members were also plotted on the 

maps. 

Sources of information detailed on the maps include: 

(a.) Published Literature (b.) Unpublished Reports (c.) Collection Reports

D. Dam Ana/ysk and Va//iltion 

Each member was asked to evaluate and validate the dab plotted on the maps. 

They contributed their own observation based on experiences and literature. 

E Ident.tion of Data Gaps 

From the maps and data analyses, the group identified which sites have dab 

gaps. 

Available information for the database was also assessed. To trim down the bulk 

of plant species to be used, the plant group agreed to concentrate on families 

earlier identified from previous meetings (see Plant Group presentation on Data 

Updates). 

E QuesLbns and Comments affer the presentation: 

Dr. Reynaldo de la Paz: The vegetation types need to be updated, incorporating 

the results from the Flora of the Philippines. 

For the laymen to better understand the results and proceedings of the 

workshops there is a need to provide common name or English equivalents for 

the mentioned scientific names. 

The use of the term "Tropical Rainforest (TRF)" in the titles would differentiate 

the classification from other Evergreen, Semideciduous ... forest types in other 

countries. The Vertebrate group has used the "Primary Rainforest (PRF)" in their 

classification. 

Dr. Vic Gapud: The discussion of vegetation types is appreciated and it is useful 

especially to the arthropods group for determining sites for prioritization. It is 

also recommended that this classification of habitats be shown on maps so that 

they may overlay their maps with these. The most recent zxtent of distribution 

range should be reflected on these maps to show the rate of destruction and so 

that they may relate it with insect and other arthropods' habitat. 

On a clarification to whether Mt. Makiling summit is classified as a mossy forest, 

the plant group explained that the occurrence of mossy forest could be on a site- 

to-site basis, but most often on 1,500 and above mas1 elevation. 

Carlo Custodio noted that Mt. Pulog is also classified as a sub-alpine forest with 

the same range as that of Mt. Halcon. The presence of reindeer moss in both 

mountains is a good indication of the habitat type. 

Most classifications are based mainly on elevation and availability of water. 

'Parang" was pointed out to be man-made or anthropogenic in nature. 

Mr. Carlo Custodio, PAWB-IVBCPSW Managing Counterpart, hosted the closing 

program, which came right after presentations. Dr. Prescillano Zamora handed the 

certificates to the participants with the assistance of the working group leaders. The day 

ended with goodbyes after lunch and ride to the two coasters that will bring them either 

to Los Baiios or Manila. 

Thanks for three day's work with great accomplishments. Well done to all and 

God bless!

KEYNOTE ADDRESS OF USEC MARIO RoRo 

I came to note that the Philippines has been identified as one of the 25 countries worldwide 

considered as priority hotspots, globally important biodiversity areas that are under severe 

threat. Data available on birds alone, showed that half of our country's endemic birds are 

threatened to extinction. Thus in 1995, the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 

(NBSAP) was formulated and then published two years later. This adion plan presented a 

general overview and background of biodiversity in the Philippines. However, it did not provide 

substantial information on geographically specific recommendations or priorities for the 

investment of limited conservation resources. There is a sense of urgency to further strengthen 

and advance the operationalization of NBSAP. Lessons have been learned since the preparation 

and implementation of the action plan. Also, lessons can be gathered from various biodiversity 

conservation initiatives including two country-based programs that are almost in their final 

phases of implementation, the Conservation of Priority Protected Areas Program (CPPAP) and 

the National Integrated Protected Areas Program (NIPAP). Biodiversity conservation goes 

beyond scientific methodologies and strict legal prohibitions to preserve our biological 

resources. It should also include strengthening opportunities for our local communities 

particularly the rural poor, to benefit from the national biodiversity conservation efforts. Based 

on the preliminary assessment made, the variety of wildlife species have different geographic 

priorities, thus a more careful planned forum for integration and consensus building is 

necessary, hence this workshop. 

In 'behalf of DENR, may I express our sincere appreciation for the participation of various 

sectors in this workshop. More importantly, I commend the efforts of the convenors and 

organizers in calling together such a large group of experts with such varied interests and 

professional disciplines and attempting to gather them in a discussion expectedly to arrive at a 

consensus on specific biodiversity conservation priorities. 

I understand this process maybe too difficult for you initially because of the wide range of 

expertise and wen conflicting concepts or priority. But it would make it easier probably if we 

don't lose focl~s on what we want to achieve. To provide a firmer and stronger support to 

maintain the balance between biodiversity conservation, rural development and poverty 

alleviation. This too is a commitment of the government for the Filipino people. This is a 

challenge for all of us. We may not have the luxury of time, the Philippines has been ranked 

first in the global hotspot category, ranked first in the threatened birds category, can? we rank 

first this time for doing something about it and doing it successfully? For the sake of our 

country and the generations to come, I hope we can. 

The output of this workshop shall be a very valuable guiding principle for decision makers and 

policy implementers in leading our people out 'from the bondage of poverty and improving the 

quality of life in the Visayas without compromising biodiversity conservation, sacrificing the 

integrity of the protected areas and driving the remaining endangered flora and fauna to 

extinction. We recognize this priority setting workshop as one of the means to provide us the 

tools to give the earth. I'm counting on you. 

Ladies and Gentlemen, thank you very much.

PRESENTATIONS / MESSAGES FOR THE 

PROGRAM AND CONSULTATION 

Annex 1 : Keynote Address of Usec Mario RoAo 

Annex 2 : Luzon Situationer by Ms. Mae Lowe S. Leonida 

Annex 3 : Background on the NBCPSW Process by Dr. Mundita S. Lirn 

Annex 4 : NBCPSW Process by Dr. Perry S. Ong 

Annex 5 : Orientation and Leveling of Expectations by Prof. Leticia E. Afuang 

Annex 6 : Presentation of the Protected Areas by Ms. Norma Molinyawe 

Annex 7 : PRISMA Presentation by Dr. Oliver G. Coroza

Total No. PMM 

~::~~L'~~;,:~.%~ 

. -.. , " . 

.,$.+ -::.,. ., 

Total No. of Ips: .. "vz.,- .... . . 

7-, "':. .?,.. 

....... . .. . 

. . :'i... 

, ,_; ,.,:.,- i- ..x7*.: '"* >.,. - 

............ . 

............. "' 

. . . . ...... . 

, ., ye-. 

r:. 

. . ....... 

.... ..... 

. 

,, ,:. .,. ., 

.... 

,. - 

., . 

Greater Luzcwr 

at present, less than 24% of treataluzon!S f~rrsted 

four cnbcal @ant sites WenWted as tx$eroTplantdlm: 

.Mt. Arayat (Fampanga) 

.ML ~akiung (Laguna) 

.Mt. Lobo (Eatangas); and 

.Mt. Isrog (Camarlnes Sur) . A y rn~lar pattern d enderCricity aiso Ccaus for othcrfacwal spm . 70% of mflylng marnyl In this region am found where else 

- Only 13.7 %of Greater- are$ud In NatTwl Park 

Palawan 

Groups Number 01 Spscia EademicSpccia llmutmad Speaes 

PHIS Pd P&$"cAly Ph5 Pal 

Amph~buar 83 . 23- * 38 tj"" 34 3 

Rcpda 254 70 16%- 23 -3(+7) 3 

Bods 550 267 192 23 74 12 

Hanu~uls 180 62 110 19 52 6 

Tolsl 1073 422 528 71 163 (+T)24 

Insects Philiinsr 

I A 

: Palawan 

Odonota 291 (142) 112 (50) 

'. 

Luzo~ SITUATIONER 

by Ms. Mae Lowe S. Leonida 

Mindom 

In the 1998 estimate 

fortst (8.5% d th 

dose canopy 

A total of 62 

amphlbians are 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

National Biodiversity 

Conservation Priority 

Setting 

Regional Consu/tation 

Workshop 

for Luzon 

September 27-29, 2000 

Punta Baluarte 

Calatagan, Batangas 

Background 

a 1994, formulation of the PSCBD 

a 1995, DENR started preparation of the 

UNEP-assisted PBCS. 

1997, output of the PBCS was published - 

the National Biodiversity Strategy and 

Action Plan (NBSAP) 

a subsequently, Presidential MO issued 

directing all gov't agencies to incorporate 

NBSAP in their work plans 

Background 

w April 1999,WCSP meeting, discussions 

arose on need to reconcile priorities for 

different taxa - Priority Setting 

Workshop Process was suggested as a 

tool to resolve the debate 

m December 1999, PAWB endorsed 

proposal and agreed to execute and 

co-implement project with CI 

BACKGROUNDER ON NBCPSW 

by Dr. Theresa Mundita Lirn 

OVERVIEW 

BACKGROUND 

m OBJErnES 

o m m 

REGIONAL CONSULTAllON OBJECITVES 

m FUND SUPPORT 

COOPERAllNG AGENCIES 

Background 

In 1998, CI identified the Philippines as one 

of 17 megadiversity countries 

w In 1999, CI further identified the Philippines 

as one of 25 global hotspots 

on a per unit area basis, the Philippines is 

the top megadiversity country and hottest of 

the hotspots 

m There was a need to localize this information 

Objectives 

w 1. Identify, assess, and prioritize 

specific geographic areas for 

biodiversity conservation in the 

Philippines through an established 

process, which supplements published 

information with a consensus of the 

latest expert knowledge.

Objectives 

2. Make available an information base, 

which will assist policymakers, planners, 

and donors to incorporate biodiversity 

conservation objectives into their 

implementation plans. 

Objectives 

4. Propose a program for training 

regional planning agencies in how to 

integrate the workshop results into 

their planning and implementation 

processes. 

Outputs 

u 2. A final report, map, and CD-ROM 

with digital files presenting the latest 

scientific consensus on priority areas 

for conservation and including all major 

data gathered during the CPW process. 

0 bjectives 

3. Strengthen local capacity for 

conservation planning and 

management based on the 

development of an integrated 

conservation information system and 

related skills training, based on the 

latest available information using 

experts' knowledge. 

Outputs 

u 1. A preliminary planning report 

outlining the current context and 

lessons learned from previous 

biodiversity planning activities (NBSAP, 

CBD, CPPAP, NIPA). 

I 

Regional Consultation 

1. To convene a small group of scientists, 

representatives from the NGO's and the 

government (PAWB, LGUs, etc.) to make a 

preliminary assessment of the status of


0 bjectives 

m 2. To agree on a work plan and 

responsibilities for the work ahead up to the 

National workshop. 

General Funding Support 

United States Agency for International Development 

Asian Development Bank (ADB) 

Conservation Internawnal (CI) 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 

and the Environment and Natural Resources 

Accounting 11-National Katistical Coordination Board 

(ENRAII-NSCB) 

First Philippine Conservation Inc. (FPCI) 

In cooperation with 

Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines 

(WCSP) 

Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Nature 

and Natural Resources (Haribon) 

a Fauna and Flora International (FFI) 

Environmental Science for Sxial Change (ESSC) 

Resource Economics and Environment Center for 

Studies (RE&) 


Objectives 

3. To select representatives to the 

national workshop. 

General Funding Support 

Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE) 

= Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Nature 

= Biodiversity Conservation Program, UP Center for 

Integrative and Development Studies and the 

National Academy of Science and Techndogy (BCP, 

UP CIDS-NA!7) 


University of the Philippines Diliman 

University of the Philippines Los Baiios 

UP College of Baguio 

Laguna Lake Development Authority


De La Salle University - Dasmarinas 

Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems 

m International Rice Research Institute 

ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity 

Conservation (ARCBC) 


Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 

(BFAR) 

Emilio Aguinaldo College 

Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas 


Palawan State University 

4 Palawan Council for Sustainable 

Development 

Crocodile Farm Institute 


Forest Products Research and Development 

Institute (FPRDI) 

n Philippine Council for Agriculture For- 

and Natural Resources Research and 

Development (PCARRD) 


International Councll for Living Aquatic 

Resources Management 

Bookmark, Inc. 

Plan International 


CRMP Palalvan 

DENR Project Agencies (CPPAP, NIPAP, 

NORDECO

, 

- 

Philippines Conservation Priorities 

ll Pbr M Pb... Id- 4'hM 

w*- 

rn 

Ea 

hpn WlllrPy 

w* - 

NBCPSW PROCESS 

by Dr. Perry S. Ong 

EZl 

EZJ 

Ikj Irl 

Ezl 

Ezl 

L"Mz1 

1 m 

I-Iaqna- 1 

Working Groups: approach 

+ Select one coordinator per group, a top 

scientist in each theme. 

+ Ask himlher to propose a number of 

mlleagues to involve in his group, both from 

Philippines and abroad 

+ provide resources to gather information and 

communicate with other experts 

Terms of Reference for Group Coordinators -2 

+ HelShe must also supply information about 

hislher theme for populating the database: 

List of know speaer in Philippines 

r Detailed biMiognphy 

Ust of erperts, addmsser, institutions 

List of biological colledionr lnduding daraiption. 

quality. access, institutions. Referrnms 

tf poulble, ~nfomtion on collec(ed specimens with 

location and date 

1 st Phase: Workshop Objectives 

+ Agree on approach, methods, rules 

+ Setting up working groups 

what groups, themes 

do we need white papers in addition? 

+ Agreeing on terms of reference for working 

groups 

+ Agreeing on timeline 

Presenting tools for phase 2 

Terms of Reference for Group Coordinators -1 

+ Produce a paper on the state of knowledge 

of hislher theme, induding priority areas for 

research and conservation. 

This paper should w ive the input and be 

rsvicmsd by Ule wolWng group as a whole but it is 

the coordlnaton' ras+mnolbiltty 

lnduda lid of prloriiy amar for cnnrervation I 

reread 

include assasrmt of value of existing protected 

areas for this tam 

Working Group Products 

+ Report 

+ Preliminary maps of priority 

areas 

+ Database with bibliography, ... 

The maps and d6Itab.a~ 

would be 

integrated &4th the tools provided by 

and the help of the information group

Conservation Priorities Process 

Pre-Workshop Workshop Post- Workshop 

Priorities Process and Follow-up Activities

Conservation Priority Setting 

Approach 

j Comblne an extenrlve compllatlon and aydwd8 of Information 

with me be& sxpcut knoMwtedw to Identify conwntion prlorlty 

areas ehrough a highly parUcfpabxy pmceu 

j 

Develop an Information system to hclllhto lntegntlon of the 

Infwmatlon 

j Deflnu a declslon hrnework tor priority sefflng 

4 

Develop Information products to dlsMbute and soci 

framework 

4 ldentrfy followup activltles 

As agreed upon in the Planning Meeting the 

role of the Regional Consultation is to: 

I) introduce the process (NBCPSW) and its 

exp acted outputs to the local exp 

I) facilitate review of existing 

information and data validation 

r) enhance local data collection 

I) establish network in the Region 

Accomplishments ... 

MOU In progress:ESSC, PCARRD, PCMARD,ERSG; 

positlve response of PNM; 

Additional funding support from FPE, Haribon and 

ARCBC; 

Data gathering and encoding; systernatlc monitoring of 

data reports; 

Standard database format together wtth CI Washington 

staff (PRISMA and access); 

ORIENTATION AND LEVELING-OFF OF EXPECTATIONS 

by Prof. Leticia E. Afuang 

Objectives of the Regional Consultations 

I. To convene a small group of sclentlsts. 

representatives from the NGOs and the government 

(PAWB. LGUs, etc.) to make a prellmtnary 

assessment on the status of blodlverstty 

conservatlon work In the reglo 

II. To agree on a work plan 

and responslbllttles for the 

work ahead up to the 

Natlonal Workshop 

Accomplishments in preparation for 

the Conservation Priority Workshop: 

Planning rneetlng: Jan 25-26, 2000; Definition of 

speclfic objectives and outllnlng of strategies; 

ldentiflcatlon of working groups (themes), Worklng 

Group Leaders (WGL), and directory of experts; 

Distrlbutlon of the "Highlights of the Plannlng Meeting" 

and Reglonal consultations with Identifled experts; 

WGL meetings and TORS; technical group meetings; 

Endorsement from DENR; full support from and regular 

meetings with PAWB; 

Accomplishments ... 

Visayas Regional Consultation: July 18-20 

Mlndanao Reglonal Consultation: August 3O-Sept 1 and 

reports; 

Preparation for deslgn of the program actlvkles and 

key people both for the national workshop and press 

conference; 

Preparations for publlcatlon requlrernents and final 

outputs

We upture me right mlndwt: that we do thls for our Rsglona 

and tha future g e~tlons 

of Ib paople; and then focus. 

We make me necessary corractlona and valldatlon on the data 

and maps so far produced for Wndanao 

We contribute our own data and Indlcate our mwarch #Itas or 

amas of concern for blodlveralty 

We discuss among our thematic group and agree on ow criteria 

for prloritlzation. 

We nomrnate andior vote ror our representadvan to the National 

workshop uatng the apeclfled ranklng tool. 

Map themes 

2 '

PROTECTED AREAS OF LUZON, MINDORO AND PALAWAN 

by Ms. Norma Molinyawe 

National Biodiversity Priority-Setting Workshop 

Luzon Consultative Works hop 


Re~ions CAR, 1,2,3,4 and 5 

- Covers the proclaimed and proposed protected areas 

in Regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and CAR 

- Information was compiled based on the 

Resources Basic Inventories (RBI) and 

Protected Area Suitability Assessments (PASA) 

conducted by the DENR Regional Offices 

- Information presented needs further verification 

and validation


Luzon Consultative Workshop 


Proclaimed areas: 

Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve (Benguet,Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao) 

Proc. 268, April 2000; 70,561 has.; low montane forest ; noted wildlife 

include diverse bird species, reptiles, cloud rats, shrike, Phil. Bulbul 

Proposed sites: 

12 areas covering a total of 92,015 hectares 

Balbalasang-Balbalan Natural Biotic Area (Balbalan, Kallnga) 23,000 has. 

Cassamata Hill PL (Bangued, Abra) 57 has 

Lower Agno PL (Itogon, Benguet) 39,304 has 

Mt. Kalawitan Natural Park (Mt. Province) 12,143 has 

Marcos Highway Resource Reserve (Tuba, Benguet) 679 has 

Mt. Pulag Ancestral Domain Park (Kabaya, Benguet, Tinoc, Ifugao, NV) 

11,550 has 

Agora Wildlife Sanctuary (Pudtol, Apayao) 2,950 has 




Proposed sites: 

Cordillera Autonomous Reaion 

Ambongdolan PL (Ambongdolan, Tublay, Benguet) -no data available- 

Aran Caves PL (Bgry. Twin Peaks and Camp 3, Tuba, Benguet) 107 has 

Mt. Poswey Natural Park (Brgy. Poblacion 81 Bauyan, Bollney, Abra) 

3,168 has 

Quiling Crystal Cave PL (Libtec, Dolores, Abra) 50 has 

Roces Cave PL (Pakiling, Bucay, Abra) 7 has



September 27-29,2000 

Proclaimed sites: 

Reuion 

6 areas with total area of 13,282.83 hectares 

Lidlldda PL (Lidlldda and Banayoyo, Ilocos Sur) 

Proc. 266, April 2000; 1 157.42 has (82-78.18 hasJS lowland evergreen 

with secondary growth forest; 29 bird species (90 h endemic) 

Bessang Pass Natural Monument (Cervantes, Ilocos Sur) 

Proc. 284, April 2000; 1,121 (BZ-427 has); pine and mossy forest; 

hawks, doves, flnches, wild pig, monkey, monitor lizard, bats 

Agoo-Damortis PLS (Agoo, Rosario and Sto. Tomas, La Union) 

Proc. 277, April 2000; 10,6.rd has (82-135 has); patches of mangroves 

and reforestation species in the terrestrial portion; 15 species of birds 

Libunao PL (Sinait, Ilocos Sur) 

Proc. 280, April 2000; 46. 7 has; secondary growth forest with patches of 

grasslands; 20 species of birds identified, monitor lizard, snakes, 

monkey, wild pig, deer 




Reaion 1 

Bigbiga PL (Narvacan, Ilocos Sur) 

Proc. 290, April 2000; 135.71 has; vegetation comprises 40% brushland, 

10°h open grassland and mixed miscellaneous species of trees; 11 

species of birds identifled, monitor lizard, snake 

Sta. Lucia PL ( Bgy. Balibed, Salcedo, Ilocos Sur) 

Proc. 297, April 2000; 174 has; 75% 'molave' forest; 11 species of 

birds identified 

Proposed PAS: 

12 sites covering 41,821.42 has. 

Paoay Lake PL (Paoay, Ilocos Norte) 498.15 has (82-114.62 has) 

Tanap PL (Burgos, Ilocos Norte) 114 has (82-74 has) 

Telbang PS (Alaminos, Pangasinan) 1,104 has (82-570 has) 

Hundred Island PLS (Alaminos, Pangasinan) 2,281.14 (82-650.76 has) 

Tirad Pass PL (Ilocos Sur) 7,430.92 has (82-1,045.04 has)




Proposed PAS: 

Pealon & 

Northern Luzon Heroes Hill PL (Sta. Marla and Narvacan, Ilocos Sur) 

1,316 has 

Manleluag Spring Natural Park (Mangatarem, Pangasinan) 174 has 

Ilocos Norte PL 2,458.15 has (BZ-392.77 has) 

Naguilian PL (Brgy. Casilagan, Naguilian, La Union) 90.71 has 

Kalbario Patapat NP (Pagudpud and Adams, Ilocos Norte) 

5,796.53 has (BZ-1,937.03 has) 

San Nicolas-San Manuel PL (Mun. of San Nicolas and San Manuel, Pangasinan) 

15,628.82 has 

Puad-Tubao, Aringay, PL (Pugo, Tubao and Arigay, La Union) 

4,929 has (82-548 has) 





Reaion 2 

Covers 7 sites with a total area of 571,914.62 has.-land, 

71,652 has.-water 

Casecnan PL (Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino and Aurora) 

Proc. 289, April 2000; 88,846 has 

Penablanca PL (Penablanca, Cagayan) 

Proc. 416, June 1994; 4,136 has; 'rnolave' forest; bats, swiflets 

Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park ( Palanan, Maconacon, Ilagan, Divilacan, 

San Marlano, Dlnapigue, San Pablo, Cabagan and Tumauini, Isabela) 

Proc. 978, March 1997; 247,861 has-land, 71,652 has-water; vegetation 

consists of beach forest, mangrove, lower montane, limestone forest and 

forest on ultrarnafic substrate; wild pig, Phil.deer, sea turtle, Phil. Eagle 

and Koch's pitta are the noted wildlife in the area 

Salinas Natural Monument (Bambang, Kayapa, and Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya) 

Proc. 275, April 2000; 6,675 has; Phil. Bulbul, fruit dove, Phil coucal, 

blue-headed fantail, Phil flycatcher, brahminy kite, cane grass warbler




Proclaimed sltes: 

Magaplt PL (Gattaran and Lallo, Cagayan) 

Proc. 285, April 2000; 3,403.62 has 

Palaui Island Marlne Reserve (Sta. Ana, Cagayan) 

Proc. 447, August 1994; 7,415 has 

Batanes PLS (Batanes) 

Proc. 335, February 1994; 213,578 has 

Proposed PAS: 

4 sites covering 15,180.29 hectares 

Fuyot Spring PL (Sta. Victoria, Ilagan, Isabela) 819 has 

Wangag PL (Sta. Clara and Wangag, Gonzaga, Cagayan) 6,992 has 

Baua River PL (Gonzaga, Cagayan) 6,992 has 

Dupax PL (Dupax del Sur, NV) 377.29 has 

For disestabiishment: 

Monte Alto Wilderness Area (Sitio Dinuman, Libertad, San Mariano, Isabela) 

625 has. 





Reaion 3 

2 sites covering 32,444 hectares 

Masinloc and Oyon Bay Marine Reserve (Masinloc and Palauig, Zambaies) 

Proc. 231, Au ust 1993; 7,568 has; tree sparrow, pygmy swiftlet, Phil 

turtle dove, sRike, monitor lizard, Phil monkey 

Roosevelt PL (Hermosa and Dinalupihan, Bataan) 

Proc. 273 April 2000; 24,876 has; lowland evergreen; yellow-vented 

bulbul, whd pig, tarictic hornbill, rufous hornbill, Phil turtle dove, 

monitor lizard, monkey 

Proposed PAS: 

10 sites with area of 64,617.14 hectares 

Angat PL (Norzagaray, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan) 6,600 has 

Mt. Arayat PL (Arayat and Magaiang Pampanga) 3,704.44 has 

Mt. Tapulao PL (Palauig, Zambales) 5,061 has 

Pinagrealan PL (Bigte and Sitio Alinsangan, San Mateo, Norzagaray) 48.8 has




Proposed PAS: 

Reaion 3 

Blak-na-Bato PL (Brgy. Sibul & Biak na Bato, San Miguel and Kalawakan, DRT, 

Bulalan) 659 has 

Minalungao PL (Gen Tinio, Gapan, Nueva Ecija) 1,996.4 has 

Talavera PL (Brgys. Joson, Piut, Capintalan, Putian, Minuli, Puncan and 

Salazar, NE) 387.5 has 

Mariveles Watershed (Mariveles Bataan)* 15,815 has 

Pantabangan-Carranglan PL (Nueva Ecija) 30,297 has 

Pinarealan PL (San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan) 48 has 

' includes Palanas Watershed, 324.57 has 





Reaion 4A (Mainland1 

8 sites with area of 21,348.36 hectares 

Taal Volcano Island PL (Batangas) 

Proc. 906, Oct 1996);- 4 537 has; dominated by gvsslands; large-billed 

crow, chestnut mann~kih, tree sparrow, mon~tor l~zard 

Maulawin Spring PL (Guinayangan, Quezon) 

Proc. 295 A ril2000; 204 has; lowland evergreen; Phil cobra, monitor 

lizard, &err endemic bird species 

Buenavista PL (Mulanay, Quezon) 

Proc. 294, A ril 2000; 356 has; lowland evergreen; monitor lizard, quail, 

tarictic horngill, civet cat, python 

Dinadiawan River PL (Dipaculao, Aurora) 

Proc. 278, April 2000; 3,387 has; lowland evergreen; no data availabie 

on fauna 

Talaytay River PL (Dinalungan, Quezon) 

Proc, 283, April 2000; 3,527.87 has; lowland ever reen; deer, monkey, 

mon~tor Ilzard, w~ld p~g, pygmy woodpecker, ~hl~.Rangln~ parakeet, 

tree sparrow




Proposed PAS: 

Pealon 4A (Mainland1 

Lopez PL (Lopez, Quezon) 418 has 

Calabgan PL (Casiguran, Aurora) 4,803 has 

Dipaculao PL (Dipaculao, Aurora) 1,786 has 

Calauag PL (Calauag, Quezon) 328 has 

Tlbiang-Damagondong PL (Quezon, Quezon) 280 has 

Alabat PL (Alabat, Quezon) 688 has 

Binahaan River PL (Pagbilao, Mauban, Quezon) 465 has 

Sumuot Cave PL(Burdeous, Quezon - Pulilio Island) 

Minasawa Wildlife Sanctuary (Burdeous, Quezon) 

Kanan River PL (General Nakar, Quezon) 

Alibijaban Island PL (Ragay gulf, Bondoc Peninsula, Quezon) 430 has 




Proposed PAS: 

Reaion 4A lMainland1 

Dibalo-Pingit-Zabali-Malayat PL (Baler, San Luis, Aurora) 4,528 has 

Aurora Watershed Forest Reserve (Baler, Quezon) 430 has 

Ditekl River Watershed Forest Reserve (San Luis, Aurora) 12,970 has 

San Luis WFR (San Luis, Aurora) 2,789.37 has 

Pinamacan River WFR (Dilasag, Aurora) 2,904.9 has 

Bazal River WFR (Ma. Aurora, Aurora) 4,403 has 

Mapanghi Cave (Burdeous, Quezon- Pulilio Island)




Proclaimed sltes: 

JX9 -q2,) 

Covers 7 sites with total area of 254,980.76 hectares 

Apo Reef Natural park (Sablayan, Occ. Mindoro) 

Proc. 868, Sept 1996; 11,677 has; mangrove and beach forests; coral 

reefs, seagrasses and algal flat, and island lagoon; nicobar pigeon, 

green turtle, hawksblll turtle, dolphln, giant clam, reef fishes 

Naampias River Watershed Forest Reserve (Torrijos, Marinduque) 

Proc. 357, Aprll 1994; 417 has; residual, brushland/grassland; monitor 

lizard, wild pig, deer, civet cat, hornbill, jungle fowl, brahminy kite, 

aquatlc fishes 

Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary (Paluan, Occ. Mindoro) 

Proc. 292, April 2000; 18,016 has.; upper montane and mangrove forest; 

Phil. Tamaraw, deer, fruit bats, wild pigs, green imperial pigeon, blue- 

naped parrot, jungle fowl, hanging parakeet 

Malampaya Sound (Taytay, Paiawan) 

Proc. 342, July 200; 119,786 has; vegetation consists of old growth 

forest, mossy forest, mangroves, residual forest and patches of farm 

lands (coconut, cashew and ricelands; Palawan bearcat, hornbill, Phil 

cockatoo, porcupine, scaly anteater, wild pig, dolphins (bottle-nossed 

and irrawaddy), dugong and marine turtles, tabon bird 





geaion 48 (Island Grou~l 

El Nido Managed Resource PA (El Nido, Palawan) 

Proc. 32, Oct 1998; 89,134.76 has; major forest types present include 

lowland evergreen, semi-deciduous, forest over limestone, beach forest 

and mangrove forest, 3 major marine habitats present - 

seagrass/seaweeds, coral reefs and estuarines; identified 16 endemic 

spp of birds, 6 spp of terrestrial mammals endemic to Palawan, 4 

endemic marine turtles, marine mammals, 45 genera of hard corals and 

197 spp of fishes 

Ipil River Watershed Forest Reserve (San Fernando, Romblon) 

Proc. 394, May 1994; 685 has 

Mt. Guitlng-guiting Natural Park (Magdiwang, Cajidiocan and San Fernand, 

Romblon) 

Proc. 746, February 1996; 15,265 hasheathland and grasslands, mossy 

forests, montane forests, lowland evergreen forests and forest over 

ultrabasic rocks, recorded an estimate of 700 vascular plant spp which 

include 54 endemic spp in Sibuyan Islands and 180 spp endemic in the 

Phllipplnes; clnnamon bittern, celestlai monarch, Phil. Hawk eagle, 

dugong, fruit bat, dophinee, narrow-disked, gekko and quadras flying 

lizard




Proposed PAS: 

mion 48 [Island Grou~l 

Covers 15 sites with total area of 397,488.55 hectares 

Naujan Lake Natlonal Park (Soccoro & Pola, Or. Mindoro) 21,655 has 

Torrijos Watershed Forest Reserve (Torrijos, Marlnduque) 105 has 

Tres Reyes PLS (Gazan, Marinduque) 9,990 has 

Ambil Island PLS (Looc, Occ. Mindoro) 2,837 has 

Ursula GRBS (Bataraza and Balabac, Palawan) 761 has 

Lake Manguao Managed Resource Protected Area (Taytay, Palawan) 700 has 

Honda Bay PS (Puerto Princesa City) 129,503.18 ha 

Green island Bay PS (Roxas, Palawan) 55,070 has 




Proposed PAS: 

-a) 

Calatrava-San Andres, San Agustin PL (Romblon) 2,670 has 

Raza Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Brgy. Panacan, Narra, Palawan) 1,269.37 has 

F. B. Harrison GRBS (Sablayan, Sta.Cruz, Mamburao, Abra de Ilog, Occ Mindoro) 

123,000 has 

Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park (Cagayancillo, Palawan) 33,200 has 

Mts. Iglit-Baco Natural Park (Oriental Mindoro) 

Calauit Game Refuge and bird Sanctuary (New Busuanga, Palawan) 

3,400 has 

Mt. Kadangyasan PL (Baco, Calapan City, Naujan and San Teodoro, Oriental 

Mindoro) 13,328 has





6 sites with total area of 17,259 hectares 

Chico Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Cawayan, Masbate) 

Proc. 272, April 2000; 7 has; 

Naro Island Wlldllfe Sanctuary (Cawayan,Masbate) 

Proc. 316, May 2000; 10,998 has; mangrove; Chinese egret, heron, 

Phil mallard, brahminy kite, white-breasted sea eagle, Mongolian plover 

Malabungot PLS (Brgy. Binagasbasan, Garchitora, Camarines Sur) 

Proc. 288, April 2000; 120 has; lowland evergreen; barred rall, zebra 

dove, kingfisher, Pacific swallow, yellow-vented bulbul, chestnut 

mannikin, mangrove blue flycatcher 

Lagonoy Natural Biotlc Area 

Proc. 297, April 2000; 470 has; lowland evergreen; serpent eagle, jungle 

fowl, barred rail, painted snipe, fruit dove, hanging parakeet, kingfisher, 

pygmy woodpecker, chestnut mannikin, spotted green tree skink, Phil 

cobra 

Abasig-Matogdon Mananap Natural Blotic Area (Daet, Labo, Carnarines Norte) 

Proc. 318, May 2000; 5,420 has; lowland evergreen; civet cat, Phil. Deer, 

wild pig, mon~tor Ilzard, fruit bats, Phil hawk eagle, rufous hornbill 

Bongsalay Mangrove Natural Park (Ticao Island) 

Proc. 319, May 2000; 244 has; mangrove forest; mangrove heron, egret, 

plover, sandpiper, kingfisher, bulbul, Phil leaf warbler, chestnut 

mannikin, black-na~ed oriolq. 




Proposed PAS: 

Reaion 

13 sites with total area of 72,334.99 hectares 

Mt. Isarog Natural Park (Camarines Sur) 10,112.34 has 

Guinawayan Island Wilderness Area (Guinawayan, Placer, Masbate) 

20 has 

Catanduanes Natural Park (Catanduanes) 45,584 has 

Dahican Strict Nature Reserve (Dahican, San Jose, Panganiban, Cam Norte) 

42 has 

Caramoan Natural Park (Caramoan, Cam Sur) 347 has 

Buluran Volcano Natural Park (Juban, Irosin, ~ul~san, Barcelona, Sorsogon) 

3,673 has 

Mayon Volcano Natural Park (Tabaco and Legazpi, Albay) 5,458.65 ha 

Libmanan Natural Monument/Landmark (Camarines Sur) 19 has 

Bicol Natural Park (Basud and Daet, Cam Norte) 5,201 has




Proposed PAS: 

5Bmli 

Matang-tubig Watershed Forest Reserve (So. Matang-Tubig, Real, Monreal) 

600 has 

Juban Magallanes Natural Biotic Area (Juban and Magallanes, Sorsogon) 

1,032 has 

Tugbo Strict Nature Reserve (Masbate and Mobo) 

246 has 

Magarasa Watershed Forest Reserve (Tabaco, Ligao,Oas and Daraga, Albay) 




THANK YOU 

AND 

GOOD AFTERNOON!!! 

PROTECTED AREAS AND W1U)LIFE BUREAU

I 

A Tool for Sharing Information 

We shozild strive.. . 

... to conserve the Earth's living heritage, our global biodiversity, 

and to demonstrate that human societies are able to live 

harmoniously with nature 

We should be able to conserve 

biodiversity 

, : 

. , . ... 

Science & Research 

Policy & Economics 

- Healthy Communities 

Alliance Building 

Awareness 

PRISMA PRESENTATION 

by Dr. Oliver G. Coroza 

The Earth's natural heritage must be 

maintained if future generations are to thrive 

spiritually, culturally, and economically. 

Biodiversity Hotspots I 

~i~h-de~reeif threat J 

Expert Workshop Approach to Setting 1 

Conse nation PI 

BM~ together the besr local and regional 

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PRISMA orgailizes all documents, maps, 

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images, tables, slides and videos on a 

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Helps document all information objects 

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reports so that users can further 

analyze the ~nformatlon 

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STATUS REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUP LEADERS 

AND 

WORKSHOP OUTPUTS OF THE THEMATIC 

WORKING GROUP 

Annex 8 : Status Report of the Socio-Econ Working Group by Rowena Reyes-Boquiren 

Annex 9 : Status Report of the Birds and Mammals Working Group by Blas R. Tabaranza 

Annex 10 : Status Report of the Herps Working Group by Arvin C. Diesmos 

Annex 11 : Status Report of the Arthropods Working Group by Victor P. Gapud 

Annex 1 1.1 : Data Update: Philippine Mites and Ticks by Leonila C. Raros 

Annex 12 

Annex 12.1 

: Status Report of the Plant Working Group by Daniel A. Lagunzad 

: Data Update: Philippine Palms by Edwino S. Fernando 

Annex 13 : Status Report of the Mzrine Working Group by Porfirio M. Alino 

Annex 14 : Status Report of the Freshwater Working Group by Adelina C. Santos-Borja 

Annex 15 : Workshop Output of Socio-Econ Working Group 

Annex 16 : Workshop Output of Arthropods Working Group 

Annex 17 : Workshop Output of Vertebrates Working Group 

Annex 18 : Workshop Output of Freshwater Working Group 

Annex 19 : Workshop Output of Marine Working Group 

Annex 20 : Workshop Output of Plant Working Group 

Annex 21 : Vegetation of the Philippine Islands by Edwino S. Fernando

I 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL 

WORKING GROUP 

Status Report : 

Luzon-Mlndoro-Palawan Consultatlon 

Working Group Structure 

and Process 

Status of Accomplishments 

Next Tasks 

Experts and data providers 

SOCIAL 

Academe 

Government 

SCIENTISTS Non-governmental 

organization 

PLANNERS 

Peoples 

Organizations 

ADMINISTRATORS 

Church groups 

Business sector 

Etc. 

DATA ATTRIBUTES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC 

AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 

Objective : to identify biodivenity issues related to human 

impacts on the envimnment, as well as opportunities and 

initiatives for conservation. 

REFERENCE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC 

Cluster or Region DATA 

Pm\lince Density and settlement pattern 

Name of Proteded Area Migration pattern (diredon) 

pro@ site Tenurid stalus of populah 

PHYSICAL DATA 

Land Cbssfialion 

LandMer Use Area 

by Dr. Rowena R. Boquiren 

WG Structure and Process 

C 3 

.... ..... ........ - ......... ... .... 

( NATIONAL WG ) 

-... ..... .................... 

VISAYAS WG 

STATUS of Accomplishments 

Selection and refinement of data attributes 

(criteria for priority setting) through 

workshops and review of available agency 

data (in-progress) 

Identification of experts and data 

providers 

Consultatlons and meetings 

Data collectlon and encoding : 

bibliographies, maps, and socio-economic 

and cultural data 

LOCAL ECONOMY CULTURAL DIMRSIN 

Sedoral share in GRDP 

A ,rage annod 

Powrly incidence 

Sources of enkimnmental 

Presence of indigenous arlhrral 

w m n ~ a 

(nanm of group, popubbon) 

degradam (economic trends Enuronmenlal resource 

by sedor, dewbpnt plans, magement pracbm 

utt)anizahd~raGzation Degree of acarlhrralion (relative 

trends) . to resource management 

Tourism trends mces)

R Wliition ISSUES (for 

forest rgr~cuItuturq mining, 

rmrl~hwater 

-==I 

% o f p o ~ d e 

. p o ~ m STAB^^ c ~ 

. Pm ofPCtical 

instabiiciy 

Soumofinstabrl#y 

~ 

I 

mtheresowce 

. Levelof tedl.ww 

imm ofb- 8 

exoticspecies 

. Soum of enurnmental 

CONSERVATION EFFORTS 

. Presence of res. mgrrt plan 

LGU iniiiatks 

Line agency 

I 

degradatinn pmgmWprjeds (DENR. 

Threats DA, etc.) 

Per capita income 1 significantly higher 

2 slightly higher 

Poverty Incidence 3 close to national ave. 

4 slighfly lower 

5 significantly lower 

(indices relative to national standard) 

Tenurial Issues 

1 critical 

2 severe 

3 moderate 

4 weak 

5 insignificant 

POLICY HARMONIZATION 

Identification of models in biodiversity-related policy 

harmonization 

Identification of issues in national and local, intra- & 

inter-agency conflicts 

CONSERVATION INITIATIVES & 

OPPORTUNITIES 

Institutionalization 1 verystrong 

of conservation effort 2 strong 

(sustained. supported 3 moderate 

by LGU 8 community) 4 weak 

Community mgmt. 5 insignificant 

PROPOSED CRITERIA & SCORING SCHEME 

POPULATION PRESSURE 

Density Migration 

1 critical 1 high net inmigrafion 

2 high 2 moderate net in- migration 

3 moderate 3 stable inad migration 

4 low 4 low net outmigration 

5 insignificant 5 high net out-migration 

There is a need to determine critical levels acwrding to ecobgical zone. 

RESOURCE UTILIZATION ISSUES 

Impact of resource 1 critical 

utilkabn practices 2 severe 

'ddi~toahkwchy 3 mderate 

of biodhrtylhrwfs 4 neak 


Economic trends 

*ddiW b s hiandly 

of biodiversdy threak 

CULTURAL DIVERSITY 

(uniqmneu, and &gee ofarmU~~mMntegation) 

persistence of 1 wrystrong 

customary land nghts 2 strong 

B arrangements 3 moderate 

. NRMpractksB 4 neak 

beliek (IKS) 5 hsignificant 

Next Tasks 

Through workshops, data sharing and 

consultations : 

Validation, enrichment and analysis of 

consolidated data 

Mapping of socio-economic and cultural 

attributes

ANNEX 9 

STATUS REPORT 

WORKING GROUP 

by Prof. Blas Tabaranza 

OF M E BIRDS AND MAMMALS 

HARIBf3N 

F O U N D A T I O N 

Prioritization: 

'he HaribonlBirdLife 

Experience

What we know 

. . , . .'.

I 

I GENERAL DATA 

I 

4 Temporaw IBACOde 5 Ftnal IBA Code 

6 NaUonal sne Name 

7 ~ntematronal sne Name 

babgg_~.a@!%r(c and SubIc Bay,F~W,\Bataan N a W ~ BSutdcBay~Rese~g d 

I B ~ n u n ~ 9 MrnlnlsVatk~ Reolon (Level 1) 

10 Admlnlsvatrve Reglon (Level 2) 11 Area 12 ~ rea accuraq 

--- --A 

Important 

Bird 

Areas 

BataanyZIwlnceand 7ambatw PP~OV~QW , (1- (ha) 

-" 

- .- -' .-- - -. . .+-.,. - ' 

1 4 Amtude 

13 Central CoOrdlnateS (La0 13 Central Coordinates (Lon) yln Max , Map 16 klanagern~ , Ormer 

1.EZmmmtrJ tt..?!_mm m 

10 General DeScnDbor 

,.-

I PO Blome Cad8 for Proposed rrut rd~ii t 

I 

HABITATS AND Ve COVER 

I 

Ldand evergreen nin foresi 

Semkevergreen raln (ores1

Marine areas 

(1 

I 

Marine areas 

33Pmuuc 3 4 % h 

nRucac+ W%Cmz 

Shaliw manne waters, core1 reels and keys r 

E may waters 

Internal mud, sand or salt flats 

cosial lagoons 

Sand dunes and beaches 

Shingle and stony beaches 

Inland dena 

Rivers and steams 

Rmnne floodplains 

Freshwater lakes and pools 

mmic~al wetlands 

Epherneralweuands 

saline lakes 

Samans 

SatI marshes 

Permanent swmp 

Raised and blanket boos 

33mcac+ W H C ~

I 

Inland slnk and rockf slopes 

Scree andboulders 

Artificial landscapes 33 FX=SC.DC U% c- 

Perennial crops, orchards and groves 

ForesW and agrwlndustrial plantations 

Small semements, rural gardens 

- - -- -- -- - - 

:Manaonrnentl reducllon of land managerne 

Morestahon 

Agricultural intensification 

Aquaculture 1 fisheries 

Compehtion Imm introduced animal species 

Construclion ofdyI(es ldams 

Deforestation (comrnerclao 

Disturbance lo birds 

Drainage 

Dredging and canalization 

biract~on lnduslry (mining) 

Filling In ofwetlands 

Forest granng 

Oroundwater abstraction 

Induslnall urban development 

Infrastructure development 

Intenslfiedrorest management 

Intoduction of exoUc plan species 

Natural events 

Recreabon, tourism 

Selectwe logging I crrtllng 

Unaergranng 

Unsuslalnable emloflation 

omer 

UnknOwn 

r

'3 COGB 41 Polmcal Unds 42 full Name olSIle 43 Year 

$~-+&?*ZM % i3*" "- $" r*, rj [?.A L' " 'a 

44 Deslgnahon 45 IUCN category 

47 Cenkal Coord~natas (La0 47 Central Coordlnales (Lon) 48 Relabonshlp to IBA 49 Overlap 

- I - m ).-I I_ ma) 

50 Notes 

t 

I. - - -- -A_- 

--.- 

- 

LOBBYING I CAMPAIGNING FOR LEGISLATION 

51 PersoiVOrpanaabon 

I-----1 

52 Me ofkhon 53 Deta~ls of carnpelgn 

54 PesoWOrpanhadon 55 Date action start 56 Dale oflastlnformahon 5- C \rr% Jordaqcr III.~ 

- -,- : 1. .W'(ddlnmlww) EE-7 .-(W"mlm) 

1- _ - _ -A 

- 

58 Resuns of lobwng or campe 

59 Notes

58 Results dlobbpng or camps 

I 

ADDrn0NA.L rnRIaAl'ION 

-*.-".--

'1:- , \ ,'F .-Am. 

P H I L I P P I N E 

S E A

S O U T H 

C H I N A 

S E A 

\ 

c * 

15 

b 

Q 

-I**.-& 

S U L ' U 

,: L, 

,- -,a S E A 

!3-,-;~H!55 

. 

-- 

=-- 

:ST;-< 

*' -.a bFJ1355 . 

Knl 

-am 0 0 100 150 a00 250

Vegetation Map Threatened Bird 

Localities 

Mining Applications Protected Areas

Threatened species by country 

120 i- 

a - 

D 0 

- f 0 C 

LL 5 0 

z c3 

Density map of threatened species

9 species vagrant, 

1 13 species Critical (2 are vagrants) 

' 13 species Endangered (2 vagrants) 

I 4-4 lpecies \7ulr~erahle 

-4 ,pccie\ Dat:~ Deficicrlt 

Key Results 

Total Globally Threatened species = 70 

1 Global conservation issues [I)

Importance of habitats

BNAD Mallad HARIBON FOUNDATION 

Forest loss on Negros

c ANNEX 10 

Species Diversity. Endemicity. Ecology 

STATUS REPORT OF THE HERPS WORKING GROUP 

by Arvin C. Diesmos 

The level of endemicity of Philippine frogs and reptiles is among the highest in Southeast 

Asia: more than 70% of the known species are found'only in the country. 

Herpetofaunal (amphibians and reptiles) diversity is peculiarly high for a country of this 

size. Using frogs as an example: Borneo. a big island that is 1.4 times the size of the 

Philippines, has about 140 known species. The country has about 100 species with 

many more new species that are being discovered each year. 

The herpetofaunal is composed of species with diverse ecological adaptations and 

requirements. There are arboreal, terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic and gliding species. 

Discrete patterns in both space and elevation are evident. 

The rainforest is the most important habitat for nearly 80% of the total herpetofauna. 

Field Research and Awareness 

We need increased action in the field. Among Philippine vertebrats, herps lag behind in basic 

information on ecology, biology and distribution. 

Field research needs to be done in unexplored areas of the country. The complete elevational 

range (from the lowlands to the mountain peaks) needs to be carefully surveyed. 

Biologists need to consider forest canopy exploration. A considerable number of species inhabit 

only the canopy layer of the forest; it is expected that several new species will be discovered in 

this stratum. 

We need information on how herpetofaunal populations respond to habitat fragmentation, in 

aspect that needs urgent investigations. 

As with other themeslfields of study, there is a growing need to influence and train new 

playerslworkers in herpetological research and conservation. 

Some lnterestinq Information 

The Asian Giant Softshell Turtle (Pelochelys bibroni), a Threatened and a CITES species, 

inhabits major rivers in northeastern Luzon. It was first recorded in Bulacan Province in the 

1920s. Local people hunt this turtle for subsistence and for other purposes. 

The country's largest frogs (more than 150 mm from snout to vent length) occur in unpolluted 

rivers of Luzon (Limnonectes macrocephalus), Mindoro and Palawan (L. acanthi). The smallest 

known frog, Platymantis pygmaeus (about 15mm from snout to vent length) occurs in the 

Cordilleras and the Sierra Madres. 

Frogs and snakes figure prominently in folklores and myths in local communities. 

A new alien species, the Taiwanese frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), occurs in Luzon. It was 

probably introduced in the early 1990s and is now widespread in the island. The danger it poses 

to the native species: its tadpoles eat other tadpoles.

ANNEX 11 

Current Inventory ofPhilippine Insects 

LLpmpen 52009)- 

Number ofFamiIies - 494 

Genera - 6122 

Spma - &XI462 

Endermcs. - - 1421 1 

Overall % v m ,- ' : L69.45 

A . . . 

Insects and Allied Ar 

Order Hymenoptera 

Order Odonata (Family 

Order Coleoptera 

Fam~ly Curculidnida 

STATUS REPORT OF ARTHROPODS WORKING GROUF 

by Dr. Victor P. Gapud 

. +,.* - \ 

-. 

2 < 

Insects an&AUied khrojtod Groups Covered 

PHYLUN ARTI~ROPODA'+~ 

Class ARACH?iDA (spiders) ' ,$ . - AT. Bamon 

Class ACANNA '*-' - - L C. Raros 

Class MSECTA . L. . . , 

* * - 

* $.:* &,,,."r ,. ,; 

Database 

. *&rawsZ- x x 

ACARMA - * ,~""L,c.~o~ 

S ~ ~ & S ~ O Z ~ ~ $ ~ O ~ ~ G T O I I ~ 

ARNElD A . &A. Barrid& Tb. Barrion 

, a s' b > >- . .,"* 

WSECTA . - -**‘.l?l-:tr..-... 

L. -k?. I _. * 

Pharmatodea 

' ** -1

Example Groupsfor thePhilippines 

I. Ph~l~pptnc D.rnrdflra ( o & ~ ) ~ , &kiul-) ~ ~ ~ J u ~ 

2 Pygmy lapar Mi@uu (Orthaptaa: T e w c ) 

3. Wdbg racks, Obriminrc he=) 

4. PhiLppmc 'lbdp. Oqysmep&*d " ' 

2" - A* , 

12. Phihppmc rphcdd waspr~ffprnaro~~), 

L 

I 

-\wrq7 

. . ---- -- -- 

. . .--. - 

- 

. 16 . 

- 

: 'spe*d& Distribution of 

in the 

&hilippines 

-... - Genp&~siocnemis 

,-- 

I.- - . 

A%. 

*- 

& , - , , (Rcf:5rrm&inm) 

- .% r 

. . 

11 t,, 

, I \ .- - ! 

# ,.-. 

- - -.- i 4 . --

Distribution ofRisiocnemisin the 

Greater Mindanao Region 

. . - ..- a 

. '/ r' 

--- 

- _ . , 

A I Dirbibntion of 

, . , - - , - 

-..- 

., 

' 

Spceia of Pygmy 

Orthoptar: Tmigidsc 

, , .- j Loaut.Misyrhw 

- - .;. .. "!,,,:+:.. --- i 

+ 

-+ , - , -". c? 't,; ,,*~> ;:p:2. . 

-.I- .i - .e . *TI. :>.-I. -- .. 

I 

7 - , . . -< .. 

L. - , :. : 

. >- ;--, --- , 

ZY -- .- , 

. - , 

.- 3 

p> (.J tyizjk"tia. 

i ,.' 

0f~~ppi.1 

-. :- f-yS~optera: Families 

and 

., y3- ," "' ' ~eoIr)thri~idac 

;L,*:%flf>. - 

" !~ 

I;. ;-kk 

$? '.< (!-,:. j++~d., I, 

I :* 

-.I.. .-.--._ 

- - $..-+*@;T = I" :. 

.I- - -- 

, . . . !, 4,p;>;A, > c - ,- I?; ' , 

1 ,.',?.L.* L.~: - ,,a4,. '.., 

,'! - *$ ;- :< + 1 .$:;- .; ;, . . 

. .. ' 

. . -. ... 

,-:::;- 

\< * It

- ___ 

- * .=- 

" O . r--.. , ,.. I . 

---- 

.-.-. . 

~-37' . I.,/ , stxi xi but ion of 

I' f -.- ."- ; '"f"P@ilippine 

--P,,A8.- , 

- ,& 

. C .! :%-%bb . ] .+$Taucoridae 

L- 

t a *-\ -& ; - "=gptera) 

'SC, 

. ';:"'gxAkcT , ,!pi&WhmB=aw 

.-7-,, y~,-. - ad, 1998) 

. P . 

., _ . - 

*." --- 

I .-.. 

I- -,.& 

z,:~%&q:A- 

- - . _ I . 

I- (Rd. R &ad) 

-.,I 1 1 . t 

- -. ,. 

~ ,&. 

, , '9 i 

!u . , 

.-._ "., . . A I

a" ; 5 *" - 

TOTAL %20:"~:* 151~ (s$*% "5 5(4) 155 (46)

Conr. 

Status Report on Mites and 

Ticks of Luzon, Palawan and 

Mindoro 

by 

Dr. Leonila C. Raros 

HABITATS OF hlITES AND TICKS 

Animab - invertebrates (sponges, molluscs, crurtnernns, insects, 

myriapods, arachnids) 

-vertebrates (amphibians, reptila, birds, mammnls 

including humans) 

Number of Acarine taxa, endemic species and % endemism 

on various islands of the Philiuuines 

DATA UPDATE: PHILIPPINE MITES AND TICKS 

by Dr. Leonila C. Raros 

HABITATS OF MlTES AND TICKS 

> TermtriPl (mostly) 

aquatic 

bhwater 

*mnrioe 

> Fomt - p m . acwndary, denuded at various degms 

> GRIslnnds - some can rcc4lonizc ama~ 1 week after experimental 

burning 

> Clrltivated a rm - lowland upland 

> Buildings - on dust, fornifurc CicL beds); on stored food and feed o 

plant or anid origin 

nati of animab - bees, wasps, birds, rodents, bats 

dried museum collections - insects, vertebrate skim 

> Soil and overiying titter (decomposing bodies ofplants and animals, 

dung) 

Fungi (mushrooms), algae, mosses 

Vascular plants 

FEEDING HABITS OF MITES AND TICKS 

PREDATORS - of other mite or plmnp, mnirnl* md soil 

PARASITES -of invertebrate# lad vertebratea 

-external (mody) 

- in(cmd up. n d puaaga of vcrtebrmta but l*o 

dap in lungs; 4.0 on skin, glands in cydids, 

bair fdiida, q& offutbcrr, doau of 

amphibians 

-internal io spiracular chamber lad main trad~d hunka of insects. tympanum of insects 

- of plmLI 

D~WORES, IWNGIVORES. also on BACTERIA md 

ACTPIOMYCFX'ES 

Number of genera, species and % endemism of selected 

well-studied acarine groups for Luzon Island.

Male splder mire 

posltlon~ng for 

mat~ng wllh molt~ng 

ddult fede

ANNEX 12 

Working Group Meeting 

(Plants Working Group) 

Objectives: 

To determine the most effective and efficient approach 

in generating the data required 

To organize the group into task force. 

To clarify issues pertaining to Intellectual Property 

Rights and overlap of research programs. 

To update the group on what has been accomplished. 

To set up a monitoring system by which the objectives 

are achieved. 

Hidden agenda: To organize the plant worlung group 

into an organization. 

Criteria used. 

STATUS REPORT OF THE PLANTS WORKING GROUP 

by Dr. Daniel A. Lagunzad 

Distribution "representativeness" 

Systematic consistency 

Spread and ecological importance 

Economic importance and threat 

Moraceae (Ficus) 

Palmae 

Araceae 

Elaeocarpaceae (Elaeocarpus) 

Ericaceae 

Coniferae 

Bamboos 

Updates 

Taxa suggested to be covered by the priority setting exercise 

Taxon # Specles # endemlcs % 

endemlsm 

Dipterocarpaceae 46 2 1 45.65 

Meliaceae 75 7 9.33 

Mimosaceae 5 1 10 19.61 

Caesalpiniaceae 70 14 20.00 

Fagaceae 25 14 56.00 

Sapindaceae 63 19 30.1 6 

List of experts, addresses, institutions 

List of known species in the country 

Detailed bibliography 

List of biological collections including 

description, quality, access, institutions 

Information on collected specimens 

* Available distribution maps

Criteria for selection of Priority Sites 

1. Biological Values 

1.1 Species 

High endemism 

High diversity 

Unexplored 

Economic values 

Endangered species 

Degree of rarity 

Keystone species 

2. Threats 

Agricultural developmentfland use 

changes 

Mining'harvesting 

Monoculture 

Introduction of species 

1.2 Habitat/Ecological Diversity 

High diversity (presence of habitat types per 

area) 

Unexplored.partially explored 

Uniqueness (limestone;ultrabasic soi1;presence 

of ecological (human) communities 

Economic values (direct values; indirect values- 

watershed,soil stabilization etc) 

3. Capacity(needs) 

Policy support and political will 

Qualified personnel; (education, training and skills) 

Fund availability 

Networlung/linkages opportunities and realities

Philippine Dipterocarps 

Anisophva aura Foxw. 

Quao~ Camarincs and Polillo Is.

Parashorea malaanonan 

- 

Hop cagoyanwlr (Foxw.) v. Slwt 

C.8.Y' 

EDdanic 

Hopu fktworfhyi Elma 

s4aY.n k. . 

Endrmic 

Znrnborng. 

Endcmic P' 

b k g . 

Endemic 

Distribution Shorea species ,:, 

S. viresceru S. hopefolia 

S seminls 

S. polyspenna* 

S polira* 

S fdcijeroid ssp. 

fdcijemrrde 

S pcllosaprs S. asrylosa* 

S. ovara S assam~ca ssp. 

S. negmeruis* . 

philippinemis 

S. malibaro* 

S assmica ssp. 

koordenii 

I'arica pach.vphylla Merr. ,: , 

Ggnyan. Qucwn 

Gnurina, PoliUo Is. 

Endcmic 

S dmon

ANNEX 12.1 

. 

parens juventus; 

in palmis resurgo. 

- Orl Friedrich Ph&p von Mulira 

Hisloria Nu& Palmanan 

(1823-1850) 

Pinanga (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) 

about 120 species. mostly forest 

undergrowth palms 

Himalayas to South China. 

S.E. Asia to New Guinea 

.! greatest diversity in wet areas 

of Sunda Shelf 

Philippines: c. 26 species 

Luzon Island: c. 15 species 

all speaes endemic 

except Pinanga insignis 

DATA UPDATE: PHILIPPINE PALMS 

by Dr. Edwino S. Fernando 

i. 

OLS r u m 

# 

. 

Pinanga bicofana Fernando 

. . 

OL* F a u m 

Pinanga egregia Fernando 

, 

:. 

A, L . 

J The Species of Pinanga 

(Arecaceae: Arecoideae) 

on Luzon Island 

EHO S. FEWW 

~ ~ o r m a ~ - l p . - 

# 

J 

I 

J

I Pimga geonom~omis Bccc 1 # I I 

I Pi~nga hererophylla Becc. 1 1 

Pi~nga uabelensis Becc. r- 1 

OLO ,aum 

7 - 7 

Pimga glmrcfjo[ia Fernando 

Pinanga inripis Becc. J 

Mlndoro, Bongabon River. 

Vhifford 1388 (holotype FI; 

isotype K) 

+ 

Ya.. U*. 

Now. -. 6

Pimga sobofifera Fernando 

Pinanga urospenna Becc. r 

Carniguin Island. Fenix BS 

4044 (holotype FI) ', -1. 

Kalinga-Apayao Fenix BS 

28038 (6M.K) 

Cagayan Prov.. Bagio Cove. 

Allen 10441 (BISH. PNH) 

Dilawg. Fernando 741 A 759 

(LBC). Fernando 865 (K LBC). 

Dinaplgi. Fernando 1059 (K. 

I 

J 

w 

'J I 

Pinanga sicmadrrana Fernando 

OL. r u 

P ~ ~ n ngida g a Becc. 1 

Loher 7059 - Luzon loulRy 

not haw 

R a m 6 Edork B.S. 28732 

[ex Tayabas. Quaon: rpeomsn 

Rlemd to this s pots by Mernll 

(1822). not swnl 

Pinango wood~ana Becc 

Bontoc. Ramos 6 Edafio BS 

38078 (speumen uted by 

Memll 1922) 

Wndoru. MI Halmn. Mmll5680 

("0- FI) 

I 

J 

, 

2 

,$ 

N.pp. I. 

v 

Ynbm

i Humno 

- Car1 Friedrich Philipp von hfardur 

NaNralu Palmarum 

(1823-1850)

Updates: 

Held a series of meetings with the marine working 

group members 

*Identified experts/contributors 

Established metadirectory of institutions, & 

personalities 

Identified major taxa: 

Corals 

Fish 

Invenebrates 

Marine habitats 

Coral reefs, seagrass, mangroves 

Updates: 

Identifid sources of data 

Coral (Reefbase, PhilReefs) 

Fish (FishBase PhilReefs) 

Seaweeds, seagrasses1 mangroves (-52,000 

collections at the GT Velasquez Phycological 

Herbarium) 

FISH & CORAL SURVEY SITES 

n.- YM - I..*. a.a*-- 

Y- 

-22 

STATUS REPORT OF THE MARINE WORKING GROUP 

by Dr. Porfirio M. Aliiio 

I.o...r)l" 

r- 

I..-. 

W-. 

1-,.. 

8.-+ Y PdLI 

&.F" 

3." lun 

C..Yp - 

oer 

I-" 

.-- 

L...-b. 

P.- 

c.".-.L. I ." - 

-. 2-2 

-5hh. 

Y..L. 

OU- 

D.- 

L.DD.DI 

- 

bg., 

Clh" 

Pa-" 

5.1PId 

w- 

. "- 

we-< 

P.m ." M. 

P.-0 SLbS 

Updates: 

(Collaborating institutions: 

Visayas - SU. USC. UPV. VISCA, DENR, 

NGOs 

Mindanao - UPMin, MSU, DENR, NGOs ) 

Identified sources of data 

Marine mammals (IATFMMC) 

Marine Protected Areas (wl PAW. Haribon 

8 others) 

Marine Biogeographic Regions (analysis 

based on reef fish) 

Environment stresseslthreats (wl WRI; pre- 

identified 8 for validation) 

-- 

MPA LIST (165 MPAs in Luzon): 

P A W , 

WM 

o- - 

C.".-.sr - C4ll-S~ 

h.." - C.l--.lu Q- .H- CCP 

a. --.& 6.- hd 

a.usr .Y+ hd h-.& - C.".-.* --pa S,M 

I..- Y.bn hd 

-I.d 

&.W" r* - 

- 

m- 

W S.nF.m* 8C.R 

C.-& C.- m- 

I..- -* - C.--.& 

8..- - - 5.- *mh.",.. 

- - C...m& C.- K..n 

8 . h ~ Bah~" e&Ydll a".- & bp., 1F.R 

- -WUeN -""..* 8. W m 

C.-& P- I Y U 

I..",.. T.Q.1 llUU 

-& 

&.V h .&* wm 

hd -- bg.' wm 

-1*. - - e- vrpvr - -a" - - - - - 

C.-& c- MI 

-& 

0p.F - - - CM 

C r F -- -& D*P9 a r m 

c.-& U- wm 

CyF" LC. PA-, 

om-- - - c.-& - n- 

c - M U c.- u- arbawu 

c.ml-.sr s.- m--" -- -- - 

C-& ..urn *nu C.-lr uu MI 

C.".l-.& L.- MI c.- L- n- -- bt.. -

- 

MPA LIST: 

I . r - .M 

.a*. 

U - .nu. - 1 -- ' 

- - P A 1 1 -- - * 

03-LI. U 

u- rr U 

OW-- 

L* - - 

* 

L Yc.r m Or*- - _----_ - 

olr.r-. w b r 

yl 

- - WYLI ---. 

1-C - w 

OUYLI MU -SV 

-- m - -- MU lkl 

.-CI U 

DLII'WL kk 

Y .I *A-1 - -.-- _ -%=_ 

-".l P.U.7 

- - . 111.- .- m - .-*-7 

QYYb- --- * 

OW- MU LAW7 

D I Y W b h hrk 

QI- W b m - 

LI-- 

QIuaq_lU.Po 

LI - . -! 

hh 

QI- w..r -.Am7 - - --- hd- w b h hh 

W e p a hb 

y...- lhrr 

c3.- UHb n*m 

rC)n - A, - - Lu.c - 

LI - ~6-7 ---- - -- - -. - -I - p- _%rd -!- .- 

u-- R- - ! 

\IPA LJLTi_ 

o--" 

0-.- --.-" a-om-" 

--- o--" 

-aa-.- 

--- a--a-a-a-am.a-ror0-.am-0-.oa-ea-.- 

OM-" 

a-- 

0-dOm-.s 

"-"m-" 

-----n "-"--" 

--OD,- 

-"Om c EP 

---Om --.---- ---. -"-" -AM- 

-,.-om .-" ---,.- 

=-Am 

I_" C-ICI.CO "-"--" "-.-" -"a" 

me--. "ha" "---" "-"a" 

a-" ---- ---. --An -"-" 

----a 

--t.r--n 

"-"-om 

P-4- --" 

"-8 COP. WIW 

--a- 

-me" 

P_.q .-" .--,.- -"-" 

--lml "-..-- PA--> 

-0.- --- ---" 

Pa.- "-"Won --.- -"me" 

---em --" 

01-1 .T-O.- 

--a T---" 

_---n .-,=- no."-on L- 

oo_oo- P".lD 0,- 

-01-0- Y-O---a"*--- 

rn-l-l -...---. -".--. "--,- 

."--a- 

L-me-L. P__d.a -...---. c-o-rp-.. -...-..-- .-.-.A- ------ a-s.2 

SCA" 

If A" 

"-"me" 

"e6fBC.-l 

T-."--N.o -6- 

"-mu- "-"-- 

PA--- CaP 

TDA 

"a0 

--T 

L.-,.-o. 

101 

THREATS TO THE PROTECTED AREA 

-_-*- 

&PA SURVEY FORhl 

Overexploitation of resources (fish, molluscs, echinoderms, etc.) 

Destructive fishing (blast fishing, cyanide fishing, muro-ami, etc.) 

Coral harvesting and bade 

Coastal mariculture 

Coastal erosion and sadirnatation 

Shodine construction or urbanlzabon 

Industrial pollution (dischaw of todc efflwnts, mine nrnoff, ea.) 

Oil and m e u m pollution 

~omcstic sewage 

Agricultural run-on 

Tourism over-development 

Mangrove ddorcrtltion 

0th- 

MPA LIST: 

-- - - - .w&L-riu a 

p- -. --@- . ---?.==.- - 7.l-r .-r- Y - M.-u,i 

ru, krn -noo 

---.CY"---.* CC-.- - - - - i - _- -c.c-. .-3 - M-CZlPAm.CZPCt6 - Lry. a- - c*r ---- - - .- 

-- 

%e 

- --.+-be - - . ..?AY+L 

h* - -l--q - __ 

..-y. 

- - .PAIM7 

hell 7.- kk 

h- 

- 

Mnu m m 

.ml.q- -.- - _ -- - 

- -4- .."h- . 

T- hb 

*U M 

b .uM. m-SCP 

c.kun PAW7 - --. *-- - -w- - - 

hPA SURVEY FORM 

UI--..s.Y_- 

hlPA SURVEY FORM 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROTECTED AREA 

Biogeographic importance 

NaturalneuJpristine area 

Ecological importance 

Social importance 

Scientific importance 

Internationallnational significance 

Practicality 

Use conflicts 

Presence of rare/ endangered/ threatened species

P 

- 

MPA SURVEY FORM 

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MPA 

and degree d impact on environmental isus 

Saqx and degree of impact on sodoeconomic lssws 

Presence and soundness of conceptual framework andlor 

management plan 

Degree of partidpatlon of stakeholden fm different 

levels (local, national, Internatbnal) 

Stewardsh~p role of local community 

Effectiveness of networking wth other MPA practitioners 

Degree to which results and experiences have been used 

to rrnprove MPA management 

Others 

FREQUENCY OF MONITOWNG 

. (score) 


2 Regular (i.e. once a year or more) 

1 Occasional (i.e. less than once a year) 

0 Survey only; no monitoring 

0 No survey 

Measuring StressesA'hreats 

6. 

dlstance to cearest pop center (m h 

pop. of nearest pop Center 

#factones per km of adjacent Coast 

distance to nearest nver (in km) 

#~tems of trash underwater 

#fish netsitraps left as trash 


TYPES OF ACTIVITIES RESIRICED INSIDE 

M E MPA 

Ming of any kind 

Tourlsm-related adhritles (e.g. SCUBA diving, snorkeling, 

aquasportr, 

Selected fishing gears or tourism-related activies (pls. 

SPedfY) 

Passage of ships 

Cmshction & dwelopment 

Research 

Indusbial activity 

Manculture 

Logging in adjaoent land areas 

Agricultural activi In adjamt land areas 

Others 


Im 500111 

#fish buyers wlm 500m 

#seaweed growers wlm 500m 

#aquarium fishers wlm 500m 

#blasts heard dunng the dive 

#invertebrate gatherers wlm 500m 

Yoarea used for ~ c u l t u w!m ~ e 500m 


C. Ol&r stresses &_teats - 

#boats anchomg wlm 500111 

#divers observed w/m 500m 

. #snorkellers-observed - - - - - 

wlm 5Srn - 

#dlveshops wlm 1 Olrm 

years smce last typhoon (> l OOkph) 

#large sh~ps wlm sight 

%coast bullt-up wl structures 

years smce last mass bleachmg 

%bleached coral area 

O/od~seased coral area

__ _ 

- 

STATUS REPORT OF THE FRESHWATER WORKING GROUP 

by Ms. Adelina C. Santos-Borja 

Freshwater Working Group 

Status Report for Luzon 

Ms. Adelina C. Santos-Bo ja 

Working Group Leader 

- .- . . 

-- 

- . 

. .- -- 

-. 

. 

-. 

. 

~. 

.. - . - .- -: .L. . - .. 

. - 

- .- 

. . - 

. .- - - - . - ...---- 

- -- - : -: 

.- - 

. 

- .- - - - 

-- . . -- .. - 

- 

- 

- 

.- . . - 

_ --- 

- _ _ a -.-. --- .- --=; 

- -. - - . - . 

. - -- - - - -- - - ,- 

- 

LOCATION MAP OF 

-- . - . , - . LAKES IN M E PHILIPPINES 

Freshwater bodies in the Philippines 

I Laguna de Bay 

Lakes (71) 

Riven (18) 

Marshes/swarnps (8) 

Reservoirs (6)

Tadlac Lake 

Uayangan Lake 

. .

. . - -- 

- -- - . . .. . - ,. 

: 

.,&. . 

i-- a-, - 

-..-... 

$ :* 

,-... 

',---. J 

. . .-,.. 

- - 

. ^ 

. -- 

- .. 

--... - .... 

. ~ 

-- -- 

"+."% 

LOCAllON MAP OF MAJOR 

RIVER BASINS IN M E

Candaba Swamp 

Lcabm: near the W d Candaba, San Mlgd and hn Ilddoma 

Pampanqa and Bulaca Pmvinces 

NO Infamatjm is avalk,~k on the aqua= vegetatbo. Ms area Is an 

Importan! stag~np and wlnbslng area f a dub and odrr specks d tirdr 

ULaguna Manh 

Laaaon: near the &westem Up d LamM Bay, Quuon Pmncc, iumn 

Dominant aqma speaa: brpa grmsu~ --pa, 

&omszsrep(ansandFirJgmm?mmls 

Mmlub.+ Swamp 

Logdon: Near Gu~iufan and Lab 65 km NNW d Naga 

NO l n f m Is avallabk m me aqmc v m . M s Is an Impatan! 

breed~rtg area fa ~rds. 

- - ,. - - - - - -1 

:. < 

, 

- 

< 

. -... 

LOCATION MAP OF 

SWAMPS/ MARSHES IN 

THE PHIUPPINES

- 

SOCIO-ECON WORKING GROUP 

WGL: DR ROWENA REYES-BOQLIIREN 

Members: 

Dr. Rogelio Serrano Loreto Rodriguez 

Rodney Verian Pedro Vetasco 

Manuel Romero Crls Rivero 

William Savella Flora Leocadio 

Dr. Roberto Arano Jeff Parungao 

Pia Villapando Nancy lbuna 

3. Standardize nomenclaturelclassification 

of vegetation with plant group (e.g. 

ultrabasic forest, peat forest etc.) 

4. Consideration of major 

grasslandslsavannahs wlc also have 

unique biodiversity value 

a. Cagayan Valley 

b. Karanglan, Nueva Ecija 

c. Nueva Vizcaya 

3. Lake Kaliraya 

4.7 Lakes of San Pablo 

5. Sisiran Bay 

6. Tayac Lake 

7. Bulusan Lake 

8. Palawan 

a. Bays: Honda Bay, Ulugan, Pagdanan 

Bay, Bacuit and Coron 

b. Lakes: Tagbunsaing lake, Kayangan, 

Awuyuk and Barracuda Lake 

by Dr. Rowena R. Boquiren 

- 

- 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL 

WORKING GROUP 

I. Correction of Luzon Statistics 

II. Correction of Maps 

A. Vegetation 

1. NSMNP: re-classify mossy forest 

into lowland dipterocarp forest, 

virgin forest and limestone forest 

2. Presence of mossy forest in 

higher elevations of Mt. lsarog 

5. Palawan 

a. Vegetation 

i. Mossy forest at 1,013 mas1 of Mt. 

Capoas 

ii. Grassland and secondary forest in 

Dumaran Island 

B. Lakes, rivers and bays 

1. Other lakes in Cordillera and N. Vizcaya 

2. Pinatubo lake 

9. Indicate also impt. dams 

a. Magat Darn c. Binga Dam 

b. Ambuklao Dam 

C. IP Areas and CADC 

1. Tagbanuas in Malampaya Sound 

Ill. Criteria and Scoring 

A. Levelling-off of experts' opinion on the 

definition of variables 

There is a need to reconcile criteria with 

available data

A. Density = area-specific resource use; 

depending on its relation to population 

pressures and resource utilization 

' RELATIVE DENSITY 

B. Per Capita IncomelPoverty lncidence 

= Scoring should be reversed as a low per 

capita income should indicate high priority 

PROPOSED CRITERIA 8 SCORING SCHEME 

POPULATION PRESSURE 

Density Migration 

1 crifical 1 high net in-migration 

2 high 2 moderate net in- migration 

3 moderate 3 stable inad migration 

4 low 4 low net out-migration 

5 insignificant 5 high net out-migration 

There is a need fo determihe critical levels amrding fo ecobgical zone. 

RESOURCE UTILIZATION LSSUES 

Impact of resource 1 cn'tical 

utilization practices 2 severe 

'rebtive fo a hierarchy 3 moderate 

of bicdivecsdy threafs 4 weak 


Economic trends 

'retafive b a hkrarchy 

of bicdiversrty fhreats 

C. Cultural Diversity 

= Scorlng should be reversed high priority 

should be given to areas with a high degree of 

acculturation 

D. conservation Initiatives and 

Opportunities 

= Scoring should be reversed to give high 

priority to areas with low conservation 

initiatives and opportunities 

Per capita income 1 significantly lower 

2 slightly lower 

Poverty lncidence 3 approximates national ave. 

4 slightly higher 

5 significantly higher 

(indices relative to national standard) 

. Tenurial Issues 

1 crifical 

2 severe 

3 moderate 

4 weak 


CULTURAL DIVERSITY 

(uniqueness and degree of norracculturationlnon-integracon) 

persistence of 1 insignificant 

customary land rights 2 weak 

& arrangements 3 moderate 

NRM practices & 4 strong 

beliefs (Sustainable IKS) 5 very strong 

POLICY HARMONIZATION 

Identification of models in biodiversity-related policy 

harmonization 

Identification of issues in national and local, intra- & 

inter-agency conflicts

3- 

CONSERVATION INITIATIVES & 

OPPORTUNlTIES 

Institutionalion 

of conservation effort 

1 

2 

insignilicant 

weak 

(susta~ned, supported 3 

by LGU & wmmunrty) 4 

Communrty mgmt. 5 

moderate 

sfrong 

very strong 

C. Mt lsarog 

1. Naga City (7) 5. Goa (2) 

2. Pili (4) 6. Tinambac (6) 

3. Ocampo (1) 7. Calabanga (5) 

4. Tigaon (3) 

D.NSMNP 

1. Maconacon (5) 6. llagan (2) 

2. Dlvilacan (6) 7. Tumaulni (4) 

3. Palanan (1) 8. Cabagan (4) 

4, Dinapigue (3) 9. San Pablo (4) 

5. San Mariano (1) 

V. Remaining Tasks 

A. Additional Data Sources and Experts 

1. Provincial Profiles 8 Dev. Plans 

a. Palawan- c/o Flor Leocadlo 

b. Reg. II - c/o Bert Arano and PASu Savella 

c. Reg. Ill- c/o PAWB 

d. Reg. IV- c/o M. Romero 

2. CRMP profiles- Palawan, d o Flor 

3. CBFM; NRMP -c/o Proj. Support Office 

DENR (Noni Tamayo) 

- 

IV. Test Cases 

A Mt Guitingguiting 

1. Cajidiocan (2) 

2 Magdiwang (3) 

3. San Fernando (1) 

B. Mt. Makiling 

1. Calamba 

2 Los Banos 

3. Bay 

4. Alaminos 

5. Sto. Tomas 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(5) 

(4) 

E. Palawan 

1. Busuanga (5) 13. Cagayancillo (6) 

2. Coron (3) 14. Magsaysay (6) 

3. Culion (4) 15. PPC (3) 

4. Linapacan (4) 16. Aborlan (4) 

5. El Nido (4) 17. Narra (3) 

6. Taytay (1) 18. Espanola (3) 

7. Sn Vicente (5) 19. Quezon (3) 

8. Roxas (2) 20.Riil (4) 

9. Dumaran (3) 21. Brooke's Pt (4) 

10. Aracell (3) 22. Balabac (5) 

11. Agutaya (5) 23. Bataraza (5) 

12. Cuyo (6- 

4. 1999 Forestry Statistics - FMB 

5. Area Profiles of FPE, PAFFID,PCARRD 

6. EIA: llagan 8 Abuan- NAPOCOR, c/o EMB 

B. Additional Experts 

1. Oscar Balbastro- RED, NEDA Reg. IV 

2. Perla Vinoro 

3. Delbert Rlce - IKALAHAN Fd'n 

4. Dr. Sebastlan - Phiirice 

-

5. Dr. Ruben Sevilleja - CLSU, VPAA 

6. Jun Redor - Kabanahaw 

C. Validation of Test Sites by 

Luzon Participants 

Oct 9 

D. Scoring for other Luzon Sites End of Oct 

E. Luzon-based consulfn workshop Oct 11 

at UPCIDS 

F. Map Work Nov-Dec 

G. Nat'l Consultation Dec 4-8 

SOCIO-ECON WORKING GROUP 

WGL: DR. ROWENA REYES-BOQUIREN 

Members: 

Dr. Rogello Serrano Loreto Rodriguez 

Rodney Verlan Pedro Velasco 

Manuel Romero Crls Rivero 

William Savella Flora Leocadio 

Dr. Roberto Arano Jeff Parungao 

Pia Villapando Nancy lbuna

WORKSHOP OUTPUT OF THE ARTHROPOD WORKING GROUP 

by Dr. Victor P. Gapud 

ARTHROPOD 

WORKING GROUP 

Dr. Mrior Capud 

Dr. Leonila Raros 

Dr. Cecilia Reya 

Connk Moraler, Dmumcnlor 

- 

W.F I w I. Lu*r.lm. ulna. 

W"+L *I- y...*c -0 

You"&. 

Crl.um. WUU u-v 

Cora. Buuq. Umlm U-)r 

u.l-, .M 

-.-vm.W*.O. 

U.dLlk.-- 

Dl-. Luulrg. 

Dupcahlo~h.~ 

O""".lW. 

- 

0 - a 

wallr. RpM 

11-b, 

-Ab" 

u. ma- 

Yan*.Wlr 

- 

Uon(.lb-L m a 

-Y.mW 

-. m hO*- 

YII. cd- 

OUonem. 

-.a"- -v 

Id..". RgM 

hakc. c- 

-.C.rr("..Ya 

1wm.u.ng"l. 

ma- 

Lloq. 1-. Ya 

UW. n.bn 

upat. Is. Mn Burgo. 

Twws-. 

U#H. u-. 

MU.&-. 

Hnk :.dua- 

-9our 

nu- u- 

WORKSHOP OUTPUT 

1. Validation of Luzon Statistics 

2. Validation and Ranking of Criteria for Priority Setting 

3. Establishment of Coordinates of Collection Sites of 

Mites and Insects with Records of Endemic Species 

a) Mountain Areasmeaks in Luzon, Mindoro, Palawr 

b) MunicipalitieslMunicipality Districts in Luzon, 

Mindoro, Palawan 

2. List of Freshwater Bodies with Records of Endemic Spec 

of Odonata, Aquatic Bugs, and Caddisflies 

vumAnoN or N- or manrr-~ 

L*-l..c.rN vh.,.O) LC I-b. 0-k IC- 

LL h?-c Ryr~ ~LY-uh.1 

LL h7.c R--C M. Ir-m, h- 

LL h. Oa. &A- 

LLaub-lin 

C.L.,. -A" 

M D.I. LL PI-* 

M DY.m N -7. 

LL C-kk+lb' 

n H.-. (Z -. LL L-- Nrm -,. 

ML W. uh.1 

--,I-- 

- 

M*Wk....AIb.)I 

M 

M-h.m.4 

- 

M IUU. 

M NrCp- L Nl- 0) 

M P-M~I-. lb-m IC-~T) 

M"*l.hCr 

cr ar T- 

M C.uk br rU T1Y14 0 

Mr I-- G u k Iv 

- - - . ..

, 

I 

WORK ASSIGNMENT 

1. LLrt oCEndemk Spcdes 01Sdected hlita and Spiden h m 

EstnbLhed Coordinates 

2 Plotthg 01 MsMbnELoa Rmga (wing coordinates) 01 

Endemk Speeks ofSeketed Arthropods on Maps 

3. Extension of the procas to cover Visayru and MiDdanao 

4. Working Papem on the Statas of Knowledge on Sekcted 

Arthropod Croups for Priority Setting

ANNEX 17 

WORKSHOP OUTPUT OF ME VERTEBRATE WORKING GROUP 

by Prof. Blas Tabaranza, Jr. 

VERTEBRATE WORKXNG GROUP 

Mammals, Birds, Amphibians and Reptiles 

(Luzon, Palawan and Mindoro Island) 

- Vertebrate Working Gmup: LUZON Island 

Protected Areas Highliihts/Soume 01 Info 

1. Batanes PLS CPPAP 

2. Calayan (Babvyan) Island Gmp Coastal Environmental Program 

(pmposed) 

3. Palau~ 'Wand PLS Coastal Envimnrnental Program 

4a. Bawn Watershed FR 

4b. Wangag Watashed FR 

Hanbill 

5. Magaplt Rdectad Area 

6. Mt wacm 

Caves 

IBA/ Philippine EagldCaves 

7. PenaMane PL Caves/bats 

8. hn Pablo Wattrshed FR 

9. NSMNP 

Caves/Philippine EagldHanbill 

10. Tumauini Watashed FR Phil. Eagk 

11. Fuyot Spring NP 

12. Mnapigue, Isbeb (outslde 

NSMNP) 

Caves 

13. Magat Dam C. rnindmsis 

29. Olongapo Watershed FR PASA-RBI, H~~'~lbills 

30. Masinioc-Oyun Bay Marine Reserve CEP 

31. Candaba Swamp Wintering area 

32. Mt. Taplbo PL (proposed) Mossy and tine forest 

33. Masinloc Watwhed R (proposed) RBI 

34. bnta Ouz Watershed (proposed) RBI 

35. Amro Watashed FR UP Diliman, Pltta kbl 36. h n Luis-Diteki Watershed FR P. skna~drEW5 

37. Kanan Rjver Watershed FR 

38. Kaliwa Riva Watershed FR 

39. Bird hmmary, Gen Nakar 

40. Limay, Bataan 

ETA-MADECOR 

No info 

No Info 

UP Mliman, P. leumptaus 

Pa& uyzima, C. pliwta 

41. Bqy. Canatwan, Aritao, N.V. R. insignis 

Mt. Paitm 

42. Minalin, Pampanga beeding gmnd of Purple hemn 

43. Balanga, Wan Wintering gmnd of rnqratq 

Birds 

44. hnta Raxedes (proposed 

proteed landscape) 

Hapea cagayanmS& 

Gmup Members 

Bhr Tabaranza Haribon 

Genevieve Gee Haribon 

Anin Diesmos DLSU 

NOY DuYa 

ames Medoza 

U-Philippines 

PPSRNP 

Mike De Guia GI-Philippines 

Joy Hibaya PSU 

Gaudencio Bartolome DENR Region 2 

Danik De Sagun PCSDS 

Jimmy Aberin DENR Region 3 

Artem Antolin CI Philippines 

Myrissa Tabao Haribon 

14. Dupax Watershed FR (Proposed) ETA c/o Pmf PL Alviob 

15 blim Natural Monument Caves 

16. Casecnan Watwhed FR ETA-EMB 

17. PantabangarKaranglan Watershsd Philippine [Xhl( (A. Iuzcnica) 

18. Bmgabong, Nueva Eaja Philippine Eagk 

19. Dona Remedlos Trinidad (DRT) Philippine EagC,ChmgmMe 

(Cen. Tmio Watsshed FR) Hawk Eagle,Hanbill 

20. Angat Wabashed FR PASA-Resource Basic Inventmy 

21. timgreabn Waterhsed FR PASA-RBI 

(P~oP~S@~ 

22. Minalungao NP Deer 

23. Tabveaa Watershed FR PA%-RBI 

24. Maria Aurora National Park Philippine Eagk. 

P. SlkfTaMddtU7n+is, R tib~ 

25. Arayat NP PA%-RBI 

26. Roosvdt NP PASA-RBI 

27. BatMn-SuMc NP CPPAP/NOftDECO/UP Diliman 

28 Marivdes Watashed FR P. leu-$- aylivwa 

(PDpOxd) 

45. Biak na Bato Luzon Scops Owl,caves and bats 

46. Bicd NP Vanflus divacws 

47. Libmanan Caves bats 

48. h n Miqod Bay, Mangmve WAR 

Area 

49. Mt. Isamg NP Haaney et al, Harih 

50.Caramoan NP 

51. m Asog a ML Iriga 

52. Mayon Vdcano NP 

V. dim, TurUes and dugcng 

No Info 

53. Cagraray Island, Albay Mangrove area (BFAR) 

54. Bulusan Volcano NP Diesmos, Hanh,UKAS, UP Diliman 

55. PrietoDiaz,brsogon aP

Vertebra- Working Group: Mindoro Island I 

17. Vm's Peak (Ampalan Ranpe) Natural Pa& (proposed) 

18. Iwahip PeMl tdony WiUfe Sa~fuary (proposed) 

19. bmaza M i k bfKbay (popossd) 

STATUS OF UNEXPLOREDNESS 

Unexplored 3 

partially explored 2 

Well-explored 1 

Species Mammals Birds Hems ( 

Si Specific 4 

Island endemic 3 

National Endemic 2 

Widespread 1 

1. Caauit Game Resan and Wlldnk h w r y (dsI3t-q) 

2coronlMndm-d) 

3.8 Ndo-Tayl3y MaMpe Resouroc PA ( d m ) 

4. Warn- Sand RoQcctcd Land and b p e (existing) 

- 

5.LakeManpuao~ResourocRotedcdAm(popoxd) 

6--mBay(poposed) 

7. Put Bartnn Marine Park (odstlng) 

8. PuatD RLnrs Suhmanean River NP (odstlrq) 

9. Ulugan Bay PrUaM Seascape @mposed) 

10. Hor& Bay -pe (propcxd) 

11. Irawan Watwshed (dstlng) 

12. Ras Isbnd Blrd Sanbuary (propcxd) 

13. Mt Mantalingahan Range Natural Park (proposed) 

14. Umb Isbnd Bird %wry (aisting) 

15. Tubbataha Reel Namal Marine Park (existing) 

16. Balabac Crwp of Islands Proteded Land- and Seascape (pmposed) 

HABITAT DNERSrrY 

Prima y lowland TRF 3 

Primay Montane/Mid Mountain 2 

(Pine Forest) 

Prima y Mossy 2 

Seconday Lowland TRF 2 

PrimaylSeconday Mangrove 2 

Wethnds/Grasslands (Original) 2 

FOREST COVER 

10,000+- 5 

5,000-10,000 4 

1000-5,000 3 

500-1,000 2 

250-500 1 

c250 1 

SPECIES RICHNESS 

High 3 

Medium 2 

Low 1 

THREATENED SPECIES I 

Present 1 

Absent 0 

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE 

Ti m ber 1 

Other forest products 1 

Game animals(food/Trade) 1 

Watershed (spring, lakes, riven) 1 

Tourism 1

THREATS 

Human Population 

High 3 

Medium 2 

Low 1 

Logging (illegal and legal) 1 

Mining 1 

Kaingin 1 

Hunting 1 

FUNDING 

High 1 

Medium 2 

Low 3 

No ne 4 

EXISTING MEASURES OF PROTECITION 

Present 0 

Absent 1 

CONSERVATION EFFORTS 

National government 

LGUs 

NGOs 

Academe 

POs 

Church 

Other Government Agencies 

Pruent 0 

Absent 1

WORKSHOP OUTPUT OF THE FRESHWATER WORKING 

by Dr. Roberto C. Pagulayan 

Rodncr V m 

-Rod- 

Pcdmv&xa - 

PASU Cam. ~abwan 

PASU 8 NidD. Pabwan 

P ASu MWya. 

Dalb de Sapm PCgX 

lul~e HWa p3J 

Endemic Phytoplankton 

Tad Lake 

Endemic Zooplankton 

Endemic MOllu+c 

Blue-Grscn ALpae 

ELn@S ~ S ' Zamb S 

amraarpa vr@ucrlI Zafdralb 

~ r r r b n a ~ a r a / b 

Filipnodapmms 1- 

'kud In W, iapw. UP Mllman, Lwsa Dam 

LULDn 

GROUP 

- 

Lirtof Experts 

PhVmprarlPm 

mZdaslla LP La Barra 

Mc4ux 

Rsh 

CwlblblAm 

BqwasHanmarll LPDLGlman 

w m - UDA 

fUb-toCPaprlaysn LPMLlman 

BWcraCMMae BFw4 

Vkmr L Sdlman BU 

EvcrVnDanpla WAq Mlar 3 

Martynn Mendoa PAWB 

Endemic Fish Species . 

p b n

List of Major River Basins in Luzon I 

C.g.ym *- 25649 

Vdloy 

ham Grmd 13800 x x x 

CRITERIA 

I -1 

I%-= 

1 s2 

Y d - 

I,- - 

,-r- 

'-1 

3 . 

. . 

Lkt of reservoirs and swamps/marshes 

-6clla 

laaum Sarcadidmwmon 

aatdrn~&fisha 

catam- rJom 

Ilb, Napcar, MA

MARINE WORKING GROUP 

Members 

Dr. Podrio M. AiiRo 

W n g 

Group Leader 

Dr. Reynaldo dela Paz Dr. Edna Fortes 

Dr. Lemnuel Aragones Dr. Benjamin Vallejo 

Rhodora R. de Veyra, DVM May Jean A. Caleda 

Priscilla Calimag Lory Tan 

Noel Dumaop Rudy Reyeo 

Reuben Campos Lira Valenruela 

I. REVIEW OF FRAMEWORK 

A. PSR Approach 

Pressure - Threats/Risks 

State - State of knowledge(information). 

condition of habitat 

Response - Management interventions, e.g. 

MPAs, CRM, etc. 

B. Sigruficance of biodiversity conservation 

areas, e.g. fisheries, ecological, aesthetic 

values 

C. Review of criteria for prioritizing biodiversity 

conservation areas (previous workshops in 

Visayas. Mindanao cited/discussed) 

B. Identification of experts in specific fields : 

marine mammals 

fishes 

marine turtles 

corals 

mollusks & other invertebrates 

marine plants 

C. Specific sources of data 

Survey data (e.g. technical reports, EIS) 

Museum and herbarium records 

Other existing databases (Fishbase, 

Reefbase. PhilReefs) 

WORASHOP OUTPUT OF THE MARINE WORKING 

by Mr. Rueben Campos 

GROUP 

Outline of Pracotation 

I. Review of framework 

11. Data sources 

m. Strategies 

N. Updates 

11. DATA SOURCES 

A. Involvement of institutions 

* representatives shall send a description of their 

respective institutions 

* metabase - identification of the databases 

located in the member institutions bibliography 

retrieval of published literature. 'gray' literature 

such as reports, thesis (e.g. SICEN has a 

bibliography of marine invertebrates and 

seaweeds; database of marine biodiversity - some 

flora and fauna) 

111. STRATEGIES 

Mapping of marine organisms 

Identification of data gaps - some areas 

have no information - not accessed or no 

collecnon 

rwiew of criteria formulated during the 

previous workshops 

discussed in detail the threats on the 

marine ecosystem

1. Pressure - Threats/R&ka 

Dectructive fishing 

Introduction of exotic species (species w/c 

when introduced to a certain area causes 

negative influence in the environmental 

condition - e.g. ) 

Human population issue 

Siltation 

Industrial threats/risks botential vs. actual) 

Agricultural threats 

Aquaculture threats 

Harvest pressure /over-exploitation 

Water-based pollution 

Habitat conversion 

* when effects are known and qualified - High. 

Medium, & Low classification 

^ when unlu~own - presence or absence 

# of species trophic groups 86 biomass change 

Seaweeds - # species, %cover, s 86 

Mammals & turtles - feeding, spawning, 

developmental (calving, nursery) areas 

3. Response - Interventions made/planned 

Marine Protected Areas (M PA) 

- reviewed the status of MPAs in Luzon 

- listingof Luzon hlPAs was distributed 

for evaluation 

- 27 out of 257 wen evaluated; others 

are being scored by PAW9 

'Although the threats/risks are encompassing to the 

various marine taxa/habitats, some sub-groups may 

define their own specific risk qualification criteria. 

e.g. non-destmctive fishing method can be a 

threat to marine mammals 

mariculture as an ambiguous issue 

2. Status 

Determining the status of the habitat: 

-Coral reefs - CI, MI, DI, SI, based on benthic cover 

*Mangroves - change detection (satellite images); 

stand characteristics (primary, secondary, etc.)

ANNEX 20 

NBCPSW Regional 

Consultation for Luzon 

Workshop Outputs 

The Plants Working Group 

a e" v.' 

t- - - t3.t- 

Dr. Daniel Lagunzad, UPDil (Work~ng Group Leader) 

Ms. Vicenta Afionuevo. DENR-Rgn 4 

Mr. Leonardo Co, CI Ph~l 

Dr. Edwino Fernando, MCME 

Dr. William Gruezo, UPLB 

Dr. Emelina Mandia, DLSU (Rapportuer) 

Dr. Armand Palijon, UPLB 

Dr. Filiberto Polllsco, Jr., PCARRD 

Dr. Justo Rojo, FPRDl 

Dr. Prescillano Zamora, UPDiI, BCP-CIDS 

Ms. Joy Navarro, CI Phil (Rapportuer) 

I. Definition of Habitat Types 

" -*--- 

Summary of Habitat Types 

- ?'- * r , r q 

I Lowland Evergreen Rainforest - BIWI kbal park 

I Sernl-Evergreen Rirlnforest- wootern Palawn. Cebu, Panay 

1 Serni-DeclduouS Rirlnforsgt - Zamboanga fomst I 

I Forest on Umestone -St. Pad Natural Park 

I Forest over Ultramaflc Rocks - Palawn. N. Slerra Madm 

I Lmr Montane Forest - Mt Maklllng. Mt. Banahaw 

I Upper Montane Forest - m oat.. ~t POIS 

I Sub-alplne Forest - Mt. Halcon 

I Freshwater Swamp Forest - along Cagayan Rlver. Agruan 

I Peat Swamp Forest - Agusan Marsh 

I "Parang"/ Savannah1 Grassland - Camnglan. Nuava Vlscaya 

Collection Site Map 

Legend: . - -"?-c-~ 

??- ".a *- *. .- 

Red = with intensive collections 

Green = "moderate" 

Black = sporadic 

Whlte = unexplored 

e.g. Cresta, Northern Isabela; 

Anacua, Aurora 

S. Mlndom - Mt Baco-lglk 

Palawan - Cleopatra's Needie, 

hlL Gantung. Mt Matallngahan 

1 Collection Site Map I 

I 

Based on: 

- %:'% T3W%%?aaw 

I 

I 

1. Merrlll. E.D. (1914). Present Status of Botanlal 

Exploration In the Phlllpplnes. 1902-1914. I 

2. Qulsumblng, E. (1953). Botanlcal Exploration In the 

Phlllpplnes. 1946 - 1953. I 

3. Madulld. DA. & H. Gutlerrer (1982). Summary of 

Botanlcal Exploration In the Phlllpplnes. 

"-' .-%;

Introduction 

VEGETATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 

by Dr. Edwino S. Fernando 

Department of Forest Biological Sciences, and 

the Makiling Botanic Gardens, University of the Philippines 

at Los Baiios, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines 

The Philippine Islands lie slightly above the equator on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. 

They are spread in a north-south orientation between 21" and 5" N latitude and between 116" 

and 126"E longitude, stretching some 1839 km between Taiwan to its north, and Borneo and 

Sulawesi to its south. The islands form part of a phytogeographical region known as Malesia 

that also includes the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda 

Islands, Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea (Fig. 1). 

The Philippine archipelago comprises more than 7000 islands of varying sizes and distance 

apart. About 460 of these islands have an area of at least 2.5 km2. The total land area is 

nearly 300 000 km2 just slightly more than one-third of the area of New South Wales. About 

two-thirds of the Philippine area is represented by the two largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao 

(Fig. 2; Table -). The remaining one-third is shared by the other islands. Four of these, viz. 

Samar, Negros, Panay and Palawan have areas above 11 000 km2. Seven islands have areas 

between 1000 and 10 000 km2 while some 24 others have areas between 100 and 1000 km2. 

The topography of the islands can be characterized as generally mountainous. There are at 

least 11 mountains with summits reaching from 1700 m to more than 2900 m. The highest 

mountain peak is that of Mt Apo (2929m) on Mindanao, closely followed by Mt Pulog (2924 in) 

on Luzon. The other islands with mountain peaks above 2000 m are Mindoro, Panay, Negros 

and Palawan. The great mountain ranges are the Cordillera, Caraballo and the Sierra Madre, 

all on Luzon. 

The tropical climate of the Philippine Islands is largely governed by the southwest and 

northeast monsoons with two main seasons: the wet (typhoon) season from June to October 

and the dry season from November to May. The mean monthly temperature at sea levels for 

the warmer months (March-October) ranges from about 26°C to 28°C and for the cooler 

months (November-February) from 25°C to 26°C. The mean annual rainfall varies 

considerably in different parts of the archipelago ranging from 900 mm to 4500 mm. The 

western parts of the archipelago, which are in the lee of many mountain ranges, are generally 

drier and seasonal in character. The eastern parts receive much nf the rainfall and are 

perhumid. Greatest precipitation occurs when tropical storms (typhoons) cross the archipelago 

from the Pacific. 

Palaeogeography and Vegetation History 

The Philippine lslands are regarded as having a complex geological history (McCabe et al. 

1982). Indeed, recent palaeogeographic models consider the archipelago to be an 

assemblage of ophiolite terranes, island-arc, ocean-basin, and continental fragments of 

different origins and ages (Roeder 1977; Hamilton 1979; Audley-Charles 1981; McCabe et al. 

1982, 1987; Wolfe 1983; Karig et al. 1986; Mitchell et al. 1986; Geary et al. 1988). This 

assemblage is believed to have been formed during the Tertiary (Geary et al. 1988). The 

western parts of

E.S. Fcmando: Vegetation of the Philippine lslands 2 

Panay and Mindoro and the northern section of Palawan and its adjacent small islands 

constitute the Triassic and Jurassic continental fragments rifted off the margin of South China 

during the Oligocene and colliding with the central Philippine lslands (Hamilton 1979; Holloway 

1982; McCabe et al. 1982). Luzon, the largest island in the archipelago, is known to be 

composed of accretions of terranes and basement complexes of diverse origins varying in age 

from Late Jurassic to Early Miocene (Karig et al. 1986; Geary et al. 1988). 

Audley-Charles (1981) has suggested that some Philippine volcanic islands may have been 

above sea level for about 70-140 Ma or since the Cretaceous. The collision of the Gondwanic 

AustraliaINew Guinea Plate with the Laurasian Indo-Malaysia in the region of Wallace's Line is 

estimated to be in the mid-Miocene (about 15 Ma) (Audley-Charles 1981). This collision has 

given rise to new islands through volcanic activity (Audley-Charles 1987). Some of the 

resulting collision fragments could have been thrust north towards the Philippine area and 

formed separate islands or accreted to existing larger islands. Wolfe (1983), for example, has 

suggested that Catanduanes Island and the Surigao area of Mindanao may represent 

fragments thrust towards the Philippine area from the southwest Pacific as the AustraliaINew 

Guinea Plate rafted northwards from Gondwanaland. 

There is recent evidence which indicate that fragments of the AustraliaINew Guinea Plate that 

drifted north (what are now parts of Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Thailand and Burma) much 

earlier than the mid-Miocene collision at Wallace's Line, may have provided stepping stones of 

dry land in Late Jurassic (1 60 Ma) (Audley-Charles 1987). 

The Philippine archipelago is today linked by island arcs to its neighboring islands to the north 

and south. The Babuyan-BatanesYAmi island arc connects to subtropical and warm 

temperate Taiwan in the north. In the southwest are two island arcs that connect the 

archipelago to Borneo, viz. the Mindoro-Calamian-Palawan-Balabac island arc and the Basilan- 

Sulu-Tawi Tawi island arc. Another two island arcs link the archipelago to Sulawesi, Moluccas 

and farther to New Guinea. One of these arcs, the Sangihe, runs directly south from the Davao 

Peninsula on Mindanao and nearby Sarangani lslands to the Minahassa Peninsula in Sulawesi. 

The second arc runs from Cape San Agustin on Mindanao and nearby Miangas Island then to 

Talaud and towards the Sula lslands and Moluccas. 

These island arcs have been postulated as migration routes for flowering plants in both 

directions. The Taiwan-Luzon path in the north via the Babuyan-Batanes-YAmi island arc has 

been recognized by Steenis (1965) as one of three tracks by which mountain plants have 

entered Malesia. Lam (1945) also has earlier identified the island arcs south of Mindanao as 

possible migration tracks between the Philippine archipelago and Sulawesi (Fig. 3). The 

Palawan-Balabac island arc is closely allied with Borneo being geologically part of the Sunda 

Shelf. 

The vegetation of the Philippine lslands bear the influence of the climatic vicissitudes that 

occurred in Malesia during the Tertiary and Quaternary (Whitmore 1981; Morley & Flenley 

1987). These fluctuations, according to Morley & Flenley (1 987), have brought about changes 

in sea levels, in the degree of seasonality in precipitation and in variations in temperature. The 

lowering of sea levels provided more linkages with mainland Asia and Australia. Cooler 

temperatures during the Late Quaternary allowed more area for montane plants to migrate. 

The extensive seasonal climate in the Malesian Region during the Late Tertiary on the other 

hand, has permitted migration of monsoon plants. There is, unfortunately, very little published 

work available on fossil pollen or other palaeobotanical

E.S. Fernando: Vegetation of the Philippine Islands 3 

material from the Philippine lslands from their earliest known geological history. Their 

vegetation history, thus, remains poorly understood. 

Vegetation 

The natural vegetation of the Philippine Islands is generally a mosaic of different kinds of 

forests (often called formations, Whitmore 1984a) which differ from each other in structure, 

physiognomy and floristic composition. The primary vegetation (both dry land and wetland) 

may be divided into 13 types following the scheme and nomenclature used by Whitmore 

(1984a). The forest types described by Whitford (1911) have been adapted here with some 

modifications. These have also recently been reviewed by Tan & Rojo (1988). 

Similar formations can be recognized elsewhere in Southeast Asia on the basis of their 

structure and physiognomy, but the differences in floristic composition can be substantial. 

1. Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest 

This is the typical tropical rain forest formation in the Philippine Islands. It includes the 

dipterocarp and mixed-dipterocarp forests. This formation occurs from coastal flats up to C. 900 

m elevation and is best developed in areas where rainfall is more or less uniform throughout 

the year (as in the eastern parts of the archipelago) or where there is only a short dry season. 

It is characterized by its richness in arborescent flora (Table 2). The Dipterocarpaceae forms 

the major component of the forest and its emergents. Whitford (1909) has shown that the 

relative density of dipterocarps, among trees exceeding 40 cm in diameter, varied from 3% on 

Mindoro to 89% on Negros. 

Variation generally occurs within the tropical lowland evergreen rain forest (Whitmore 1984a). 

Whitford (191 I), indeed, recognized sociological units (also termed subtypes or associations) 

within this formation in the Philippines. These are, however, often not readily distinguishable 

because of the large number of species concerned and the difficulty of differentiating them in 

the field. The change from one subtype to another is also usually gradual. The variation is 

apparently correlated with elevation, topography, soil-water relations and dominant species 

composition and perhaps even storm frequency. 

This type of formation, dominant along the eastern parts of the archipelago, is battered yearly 

by storms coming from the Pacific. Their canopy structure is often greatly moditied becoming 

more diffuse and allowing more light to penetrate the understorey. This permits dense growth 

of tangles of rattans (calamoid palms) and lianas, epiphytes, herbaceous plants on the forest 

floor, arecoid tree palms, and seedlings and saplings of the emergents. 

2. Tropical semievergreen rain forest 

This formation includes deciduous trees in a mixture but with a tendency towards 

gregariousness (Whitmore 1984a). It occurs in areas where there is yearly water stress of 

some duration and perhaps bounds the zone of monsoon climates. 'There is, as yet, no exact 

delimitation of this formation in the islands, but the deciduous "Yakal-lauan" and "Lauan- 

apitong" subtypes described by Whitford (191 1) probably belong here as well as the semi-


deciduous forest reported on Palawan Island (Hilleshog 1985). The western side of the 

archipelago, including Palawan, has a seasonally dry climate characteristic of areas where this 

formation occurs. 

3. Forest over limestone 

The limestone forest in the Philippines'is known as the "Molave" (Vitex pan/Mora) forest owing 

to the distinct presence of this species. This formation occupies low limestone hills, either 

coastal or bordering large uplifted river valleys, which are mainly composed of crystalline 

limestone covered by a shallow or very thin soil. 

This formation is generally open. Its large trees are few and scattered. The intervening space 

are filled with small trees and growth of usually sprawling, climbing and small erect bamboos. 

With a few exceptions, the dominant trees are short-boled, irregular in form and with wide- 

spreading crowns. The forest has a deciduous foliage, especially on rough topography in 

regions where the dry season is pronounced. 

A number of leguminous trees are dominant in this formation, viz. Afzelia rhomboidea, Sindora 

supa, lntsia bijuqa, Albizia acle, Wallaceodendron celebicurn, Pterocarpus indicus and 

Kingiodendron alternifoliurn. Other dominant species include Pterocymbium tinctorium, 

Zizyphus talanai, Toona calantas, Mimusops elengi, Maranthes corymbosa, Wriqhtia 

pubescens, Lagerstroeniia pirifonnis, and Heritiera sylvatica, and such smaller trees as 

Diospyros ferrea, Pterosperm um diversifolium and Mallotus floribundus. 

4. Forest over ultramafic rocks 

This formation occurs in soil rich in heavy metals and is generally characterized by a 

sclerophyllous stunted vegetation with sharp boundaries. In the Pnilippines it is found on 

Palawan (Hilleshog 1985), eastern Isabela, Luzon (and possibly also in northern Zarnbales), 

northeastern Mindanao, and on Dinagat Island. 

Some of the ultramafic forests on Palawan are only about 2-5 m tall and contain a unique flora 

including, among others, Planchonella sp. and the heavy metal indicators Scaevola micrantha. 

Brackenridgea palustris and Exocarpus latifolius (Hilleshog 1985). Other tree species include 

Ochrosia glomerata and species of Gymnostoma, Suregada, Archidendron and Pouteria. The 

Mt Victoria area is the largest region of ultramafic forests on Palawan and is home to the 

endemic tree Embolanthera spicata, one of only two species in the genus (the other being in 

Indo-China). 

On Dinagat Island and also the northeastern tip of Mindanao and northern Leyte the ultramafic 

forest contains the endemic tree Xanthostemon verdugonianus. 

This formation in the Philippines needs further investigation particularly of its unique flora.


5. Beach forest 

This formation forms a narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly beaches of the 

seacoast. Its composition is uniform throughout Malesia and most of the representative 

species are pantropical. Many species have fruits and seeds adapted for water dispersal. 

'The principal species occuring in the Philippine beach forests are: Terminalia catappa, 

Elythrina orientalis, Bam-ngtonia asiatica, Thespesia populnea, Thespesia populneoides, 

Hibiscus tiliaceus, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pongamia pinnata, Messerschmidia argentea, 

Casuarina equisetifolia and Scaevola frutescens. 

Locally one or other species may become dominant, but a mixed association is more usual. 

Terminalia catappa may occur in small patches of pure stands in rich river bottoms. On sandy 

flood plains near rivers, Casuarina equisetifolia usually forms pure stands. 

Desmodium umbellatum and Pandanus tectorius also occur commonly in the beach forest. On 

the accreting sand there is usually a narrow strip of herbaceous vegetation dominated by 

lpornoea pes-caprae. 

6. Mangrove forest 

This formation occurs along clayish seashores and in the tidal zones in river estuaries. It can 

be bordered at its inland side by old shorelines of low hills, by tidal freshwater swamp or more 

or less sandy transition forest. Along its borders on the lateral side, it merges gradually into the 

beach fcrmation. 

The number of tree species in a mangrove forest is usually limited in the Philippines and 

elsewhere in Malesia. By far a total of 39 species have been recorded for the Philippines 

(Fernando & Pancho 1980). The number includes inland marg~nal species which are usually 

not abundant. Only about 13 species (in 5 genera and 3 families), however, contribute 

significantly to the floristic composition of the forest. The following are the more common and 

abundant: Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrical Bruguiera 

gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera sexangula, Ceriops decandra, Ceriops tagal, 

Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris. 

Species of Avicennia and Sonneratia occupy the seaward side where the soil is genetally 

mixed with sand or coral limestone. Associated with these species is Osbornia octodonta, of 

Australian affinity, which forms almost pure thickets. Rhizophora stylosa also invades sandy 

shores and coral terraces and does not occur inland. 

Species of Bruguiera and Ceriops, as well as Lumnitzera littorea, Lumnitzera racemosa, 

Aegiceras corniculatum, Aegiceras floridum, Camptostemon philippinense, Scyphiphora 

hydrophyllacea, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera littoralis and CenSera manghas are found on 

the inner edges of the mangrove formation. 

The following species may be rare to frequent and occur along the borders: Glochidion littoralis, 

Dolichandrone spathacea, Bam'ngtonia racemosa, Xylocarpus granatum and


Xylocarpus moluccensis. In cut-over areas and along the edges, the swamp fern Acrostichum 

aureum and two species of spiny scandent Acanthus are prominent. 

7. Brackish-water forest 

This formation occurs on the inland edge of the mangrove and the upper tidal limit of estuaries. 

It is dominated by the distinctive acaulescent palm Nypa fnrticans. This species forms 

extensive pure stands especially along water courses. The brackish-water formation generally 

merges with the mangrove of which it is often considered a part. 

8. Peat swamp forest 

This formation occurs in areas where the water table is higher than the surrounding areas, with 

the peat often about 50 cm deep, acidic, with a soft-crust over semi-liquid interior with large 

pieyes of wood; the only incoming water is from rain (Whitmore 1984a). The presence of peat 

swamp forests in southern Philippines has been indicated by Whitmore (1984a). In southern 

Leyte, I have seen small patches of this formation, and there could still be similar areas on 

Mindanao. In the Philippines, the flora of this formation has never been documented. 

9. Fresh-water swamp forest 

This formation is regularly to occasionally inundated with mineral-rich fresh-water from rivers 

and streams with the water level fluctuating, thus allowing periodic drying of the soil surface. 

Whitmore (1984b) cited two areas of this formation in the Philippines viz., the middle Agusan 

valley and west of Pagalungan, both areas on Mindanao. All have now apparently been 

cleared for rice paddies, human settlements or other uses. I have seen ti~y vestiges of this 

formation near Tungao, Agusan Province, also on Mindanao, in the late 1970s. The floristic 

composition of this type in the Philippines also has never been studied. The remaining small 

patches, however, indicate that the palm Metroxylon sagu may have been a dominant 

component and occurred in huge stands. It is likely that this formation was once extensive 

along the large river systems in the archipelago, particularly in the south. 

10. Tropical moist deciduous forest 

Water availability in this formation is periodically seriously limiting to plants and the forest, and 

is thus, manifestly deciduous to a considerable degree and generally of lesser stature than the 

rain forests. Whitmore (1984a) believes that this formation may have once occurred in the 

central part of the Philippines adjacent to the rain forests of the eastern coasts. It has been 

suggested by Whitmore (1984b) that the deciduous dipterocarp forest subtypes described by 

Whitford (191 1) belong to this formation. He also indicated the occurrence of deciduous or 

monsoon forests in the Zamboanga Peninsula in southwest Mindanao. This


obviously merit further study. Very little is known of the floristic diversity and structure of this 

formation. 

11. Tropical lower montane rain forest 

The lower montane rain forest in the Philippines is known as the pine forest. It reaches its best 

development in the high plateau region of the Cordillera Mountains on Luzon. The greater part 

of it, although at an altitude ranging from c. 700 to 1800 m elevation, is in a region with a 

distinct dry season. 

Pinus insularis is the only pine species in the lower montane rain forests of Luzon. In certain 

areas, scattered pines are found in the grasslands at lower elevations bordering the upper 

limits of the dipterocarp forest. Pine forests also occur in Zambales in western Luzon and on 

Mindoro Island. In Zambales, two species are found: Pinus insularis and Pinus merkusii with 

an altitudinal range of usually 500 to 1500 m. On Mindoro, Pinus merkusii occurs in pure 

stards and in open groves scattered throughout the grasslands, often above 900 m. 

12. Tropical upper montane rain forest 

This formation in the Philippines is commonly called the "mossy" forest. It occurs on mountains 

above 1000 m elevation with the upper limits varying depending on the locality and height of 

the mountain. The topography is rough and constantly changing. It consists of steep ridges 

and canyons. Generally the climatic conditions are exceedingly moist, both as regards rainfall 

and humidity. Opposed to this is the great exposure to winds. Hence, the mossy condition and 

dwarfed, crooked trees is characteristic of this formation. Many trees seldom reach 20 m tall. 

The trunks and branches of trees are generally covered with mosses, liverworts, ferns and 

other epiphytes. The open places are occupied by ferns and grasses. 

The floristic composition is relatively complex but less so than the formations at lower 

elevations. The typical trees in this formation are conifers of the genera Dacrydium, 

Dacrycarpus and Podocarpus as well as broadleaf genera such as Lithocarpus, Symplocos, 

Engelhardia, Syzygium and Myrica. Species of Ericaceae (Rhododendron and Vaccinium) and 

Melastomataceae (Astronia, Medinilla, and Melastoma) are common, as is the tree fern genus 

Cyathea. 

13. Subalpine rain forest 

In the Philippines this formation is, thus far, known only on the Mt Halcon-Mt Sialdang range 

(2470-2587 in alt) on Mindoro Island. The vegetation is generally regarded as open shrub 

heaths, mainly characterized by the dominance of small, woody dicots with microphyllous- 

sclerophyllous leaves, forming a low, dense canopy. The soil is shallow, acidic, and nutrient 

poor. Many of the genera are mainly temperate in distribution (microtherrns). This formation 

differs from the summit vegetation of the other high mountains (e.g., Mt Pulog, Luzon) where 

grasses and sedges dominate with few herbaceous elements.

E.S. Fernando: Vegetation of the Philip~ine Islands 8 

Some of the more common woody dicots on Mt Sialdang subalpine rain forest include Slyphelia 

suaveolens, Rhododenrun quadrassianum, Vaccinium myrtoides, Mylica javanica, 

Leptospermum flavescens, and Eurya coriacea (Mandia 1994). This assemblage of plants fits 

well with the subalpine formation on the rocky summits of Mt Kinabalu (4101 m alt., Borneo) 

and Mt Kerinci (3800 alt., Sumatra). 

Diversity and Endernisrn 

Our knowledge of the flowering plants of the Philippine Islands is still sketchy and the present 

account is inevitably incomplete. Merrill's work of 1923-1926 remains the most useful, but 

obviously needs revision and updating. 

The Philippine flora is a rich one comparable to those of other areas in the tropics (Fig. 4). This 

richness is, in part, due to the composite origin of the archipelago with its floristic elements of 

different sources now mixed together. The archipelagic character and mountainous topography 

of the islands likewise, could have providedflowering plants with diverse habitats and a broader 

range of ecological opportunities, thus enhancing adaptive radiation. 

The indigenous flowering plants are estimated at about 8000 species belonging to nearly 1500 

genera and 200 families. These estimates are based from Merrill (1926). The number of 

species is roughly 26%-32% of the 25 000-30 000 (Jacobs 1974) estimated for the entire 

Malesian region, while the number of genera represent more than 60% of the total 2382 

(Steenis 1987) for the region. 

About 37% of the estimated number of species are trees with a stem diameter of 3 crn or more 

(Salvosa 1963). Indeed, its tree flora is particularly diverse (Table 2). 

Of the genera only 23 are now considered endemic or approximately 1.5% of the total (Table 

3). This is about 10.5% of the total number of endemic genera (218) for the whole of Malesia. 

The Philippine endemic genera include representatives of 12 families. There are four in 

Rubiaceae; three each in Asclepiadaceae and Orchidaceae; two each in Melastomataceae, 

Sapindaceae, Zingiberaceae and Loranthaceae; and one each in Urticaceae, Leguminosae, 

Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae and Compositae. 

Endemism at the species level is relatively high, reaching 70% to 80% in certain families, 

especially those inhabiting primary forests (Merrill 1926; Dickerson 1928). These include, 

among others, the following, each with no less than 15 genera: Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, 

Euphorbiaceae, Sapindaceae, Asclepiadaceae. Palmae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, 

Zingiberaceae, Sterculiaceae, Melastomataceae and Verbenaceae (Mitra 1973). The 

Orchidaceae, with nearly 900 species and 77 genera, is the largest family of flowering plants in 

the Philippines. In the Palmae with 135 species and 20 genera, species endemism reaches 

over 70% (Fernando 1990). In Symplocos (Symplocaceae) endernism is 77% (Nooteboom 

1977), while in Rhododendron (Ericaceae) it is 72% (Sleumer 1966). In other families of mostly 

woody large trees, endemism is slightly lower, e.g. Dipterocarpaceae, 47% (Ashton 1982), 

Fagaceae, 31 % (Soepadmo 1976), Burseraceae, 33% (Leenhouts 1956) and Anacardiaceae, 

44% (Ding Hou 1978). However, on the whole, species endemism is estimated at about 75% 

(Merrill 1 926; Dickerson 1 928; Mitra 1 973).

E.S. Femand~: Vegetation of the Philippine lslands 9 

Despite its essentially Sundaic or West Malesian affinity the Philippine angiosperm flora is quite 

distinct at the species level. 

Origin and Geographical Relationships 

The angiosperms are generally believed to have begun to evolve during the Lower Cretaceous 

at about the time Gondwanic fragments started to drift northwards and became isolated. 

From what is now known of the complex geological history of the Philippine archipelago and of 

present plant distribution patterns, it is evident that the angiosperm flora of the islands have 

originated in a variety of ways and from different sources. They are essentially of composite 

origin, Laurasian or Asiatic and Gondwanic or AustralianIPapuasian. Thus, within the 

archipelago there has been convergent migration and further evolution of the relict flora. The 

long succession of extraordinary situations in the history of the islands may have contributed to 

some sort of rapid speciation. 

The floristic alliances of the Philippines are with Malesia. It clearly belongs to the area west of 

Wallace's Line (West Malesia) together with Borneo, Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. At least 

181 Asiatic- and West Malesiancentred genera find their eastern limits in the archipelago 

(Steenis 1950). 

The mainland Asiatic elements in the Philippine flora are often associated with vegetation 

confined to medium and higher elevations. Steenis (1950) noted some 32 Asiatic-type genera 

occurring in the archipelago. Of these 23 are found only on Luzon and 21 genera are montane 

plants. At least 13 are not known elsewhere in West Malesia (Table 4). Many of these 

mainland Asiaticcentred genera may have reached Luzon via the Formosa-Batanes-Babuyan 

island arc. The continental fragment that rifted off South China and collided with the central 

Philippines could have also served as a stepping stone for migration of Asiatic plants into the 

archipelago (Tan et al. 1988). 

Within West Malesia, the Philippine flora is closely allied with Borneo. About 66 species (Merrill 

1926) and certain genera (e.9 Ludekia, W~lliamsia, Tetralopha, Myrmeconauclea in Rubiaceae, 

Hallieracantha in Acanthaceae, and Philbomea in Linaceae) are restricted to Borneo and the 

Philippines. In the Philippines, these genera mainly occur either in the Calamian-Palawan- 

Balabac area or the Zamboanga-Basilan-Sulu-Tawi Tawi area: all areas lie more or less 

geologically within the Sunda Shelf together with Borneo. Some species previously thought to 

be Philippine endemics are now known to occur in Borneo. On the other hand, many Bornean 

species have now also been recorded from Palawan (Hilleshog 1985). 

The Australian-Papuasian or eastern element in the Philippine flora is also well-developed. In 

fact, in West Malesia only the Philippine lslands have an appreciable eastern floristic element. 

About 64 genera of Australasian affinity occur in the archipelago (Steenis 1985). Of these 18 

are montane genera occurring above 1500 m alt. Some 30 eastern-centred genera occurring in 

the Philippines are so far not known elsewhere in West Malesia (Table 5).


There is also a very striking PhilippineSulawesi floristic pattern. This has earlier been noted by 

Memll (1926) and has likewise recently been shown by Balgooy (1987) at both the genus and 

species levels for flowering plants. The Philippine Palmae in particular have, more recently, 

been recorded to show strorlgest affinity with those in Sulawesi (Fernando 1990). Balgooy 

(1987) noted that some 32 species of flowering plants are found only in Sulawesi and the 

Philippines. This distinct Philippine-Sulawesi pattern shows the importance of the island arcs 

as migration paths that link the two areas together. 

To the north of the archipelago towards Taiwan, the Philippine flora becomes attenuated, with 

at least 388 genera not occumng beyond the countws northernmost island group of Batanes 

(Steenis 1950). Although there is a distinct floristic discontinuity at the Bashi Channel, there are 

some 40 species known only from Taiwan and the Philippines (mainly northern Luzon and the 

Babuyan and Batanes Islands) (Merrill 1926; Dickerson 1928). At least one genus, Yushania 

(Gramineae), is restricted to northern Luzon and Taiwan. 

The distinct Asiatic and AustralianIPapuasian element in the Philippine flora is only a reflection 

of the composite geological history of the islands. 

Conservation Status of the Vegetation 

Much of the original vegetation in the Philippine Islands has already been altered fundamentally 

and greatly reduced in area. Even within national parks and reserves, vegetation has not been 

spared. 

It has been estimated that the remaining virgin dipterocarp (including lowland evergreen, semi- 

evergreen and moist deciduous) forests is just over 9000 km2 or about 3.3% of the total land 

area (Table 6). In 1934 there was more than 170 000 km2. This meant an annual loss of more 

than 2800 km2. The remaining area is being reduced at the rate of at least 400 to 500 km2 per 

year (DENR 1989) by logging, shifting cultivation (kaingin), and conversion to single species 

tree farms or agricultural crops. 

The mangrove and brackish-water forests have also been drastically reduced in size to less 

than 20% of their original area in 1920. Much of the denudation is due to conversion into 

fishponds, as well as over-exploitation for fuel-wood and charcoal production. 

The forests over ultramafic rocks on Palawan are threatened by timber poaching for fuel-wood 

(Hilleshog 1985). Those over limestone have been rapidly disappearing due to excessive 

timber extraction as well as mining and quarrying. The beach forests have mostly now been 

converted into either coconut plantations, human settlements, or tourist resorts. There are no 

reliable estimates for the extent of the remaining ultramafic, limestone and beach forests. It is 

likely that only very little are left intact. 

The fresh-water and peat swamp forests have rapidly been converted into farmlands and 

settlements, or otherwise heavily exploited and only a few small patches remain. Both 

formations have never been floristically documented.

E.S. Fernando: Vegetatior of the Philippine Islands 11 

The lower montane (pine) and upper montane (mossy) forests also continue to be threatened 

by milling and by farming of exotic vegetables, especially on Luzon. These formations, when 

disturbed and abandoned, are of tell quickly transformed into grasslands. 

Ail the natural vegetation of the Philippines is, therefore, endangered and its degradation 

continues. The destruction of the natural vegetation and of habitats either by logging, shifting 

cultivation or conversion to other uses, is the most serious threat to Philippine biological 

diversity. Over-exploitation of particular plant groups is another. Both are real problems that 

put the future of the rich and diverse Philippine flowering plants at stake. 

Endangered Plants 

Some listings on endangered Philippine plants have appeared in the past (e-g. Quisumbing 

1967; Madulid 1982; Tan et al. 1986). The Conventicn on International Trade in Endangered 

Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES 1976) has earlier included seven species of Philippine 

flowering plants in its appendices, and more are currently being added. 

The present state of our knowledge of the Philippine flowering plants is not such that a 

thorough analysis can be made of how many and what species are extinct, endangered or 

threatened. Many plant groups are still poorly known. We still do not know what plants occur 

on what island and in what sorts of habitats. With the extensive devastation of the natural 

vegetation and habitats, some species previously occurring in certain areas are, almost 

certainly, now either rare or completely absent. The situation is even more serious for endemic 

species that are extremely restricted in their geographical range to one or a few localities. 

Thus, previous listings of endangered plants are generally incomplete and often conservative in 

their estimates. 

However, there are a number of species that have been identified as immediately endangered. 

Two of these are RaMesia manillana (Rafflesiaceae) and Tectona philippinensis 

(Verbenaceae), of Asiatic affinity. Both species are endemic. Rafflesia manillana, although 

known from three islands including Luzon, has never been recollected. The small population on 

Mt Makiling (one of only two sites on Luzon) is probably nearly extinct, and was last seen in 

1982 just before the site was bulldozed for geothermal exploration. Tectona philippinensis 

occurs only in a small area near Lobo in Batangas Province in southern Luzon and on lling 

Island off southern Mindoro. The small area on Luzon where this tree grows has been 

converted into an exotic fruit tree plantation and the remaining individual trees are felled for 

charcoal production. 

A great number of species are also very rare occurring only in particular habitats and localities. 

For example, in the large genus Medinilla (Melastomataceae) many of the Philip~ine endemics 

are very local in their distribution (Regalado 1989). In the Palmae about a dozen endemic 

species are known only from one or two adjacent localities (Fernando 1990) and some have no 

longer been sighted in their known areas in recent visits and are now believed to be extinct. 

These examples illustrate the situation for many endemic species of Philippine flowering plants.


Conclusions 

The vegetation of the Philippines is diverse in its habitats and flora. Destruction has been 

reducing its scope even more rapidly than we have been able to catalogue it. 

Although plant collecting activity in the Philippines has been shown to have increased since 

1974 compared to other countries in Malesia (Prance 1988; Tan & Rojo 1988), the area or 

island concentration of the collections is not clear. In fact, the collecting density index for each 

island or province is still not known. It is almost certain that collecting has been carried out 

unevenly with greater focus on some, mostly readily accessible, areas or islands. Many of the 

forest formations in the various islands are still poorly collected, notably those in the Sierra 

Madre Mountains along the eastern coasts of Luzon, the islands of Samar and Leyte, southern 

Palawan and certain areas on Mindanao. Some have not even been documented floristically. 

The majority of the plant groups remain insufficiently known and meagerly represented in 

herbaria, particularly the difficult-tocollect emergent trees, epiphytes, lianas, palms (including 

rattans), pandans and aroids. 

The inventory of the flowering plants of the Philippines is thus, far from complete. There as yet 

many inadequacies in our floristic knowledge of many parts of the archipelago, particularly of 

the different formations and habitats. The current "Flora of the Philippines Project", being 

undertaken under the auspices of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas and the National 

Museum in Manila (Madulid 1989; Sohmer 1989) is, undoubtedly, a step in the right direction 

and should proceed with greater urgency. There is also need to immediately set aside and 

protect adequate representative areas of the various vegetation types in the archipelago to 

safeguard biological diversity. Botanic gardens. likewise, can help insure the prevention of total 

loss of floristic diversity by bringing rare and endangered plants into effective cultivation. Time 

is of the essence in all these undedakings because the decimation of the flora and their 

habitats is proceeding unrelentingly.

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Table 1. Areas of the largest islands in the Philippine archipelago. 

Table 2. Species richness among trees with a diameter of 10 cm in a tropical rain forest 

(modified after Paijmans 1976). 

Source of Data 

Philippines 

Lamao Forest Reserve 

(Whitford 1 906) 

Makiling Forest 

(Brown 1919) 

Borneo 

Andulau Forest Reserve 

(Ashton 1964) 

Sepilok Forest Reserve 

Plot 

Size 

(ha.) 

1.02 

0.25 

0.25 

2.0 

1.9 

Malay Peninsula 

Bukit Lagony Forest 2.0 

Reserve 

(Wyatt-Smith 1949) 

Papua New Guinea 

Hill Forest 

0.8 

(Paijmans 1970) 

Nigeria 

0 komu Forest Reserve 

1.5 

(Richards 1939) 

Suriname 

CoesewilneRiver 

1 .O 

(Schulz) 1960 

" Diameter not known; includes trees below 4 m tall. 

b Diameter not known; includes trees over 2 m tall. 

Number of 

Tree Species 

120" 

92' 

43 

199 

198 

138 

70 

116

E.S. Fernando Vegetation of the Philippine Islands 18 

Table 3. Genera of flowering plants endemic to the Philippine Islands; figures in 

parentheses denote the number of species in the genus (after Steenis 1987). 

Arnesiella (Qrchidaceae) (1) 

Antherostele (Rubiaceae) (4) 

Astrocalyx (Melastomataceae) (2) 

Astrothalamus (Urticaceae) (1) 

Carionia (Melastomataceae) (1) 

Clemensiella (Asclepiadaceae) (1) 

Cyne (Loranthaceae) (1) 

Dolichostegia (Asclepiadaceae) (1) 

Fenixia (Compositae) (1) 

Glococarpus (Sapindaceae) (1) 

Gongrospermum (Sapindaceae) (1) 

Greeniopsis (Rubiaceae) (6) 

Leptosolena (Zingiberaceae) (1) 

Luzonia (Leguminosae) (1) 

Macropodanthus (Orchidaceae) (1) 

Phragmorchis (Orchidaceae) (1) 

Quisumbinqia (Asclepiadaceae) (1 ) 

Reutealis (Euphorbiaceae) (1) 

Sulitia (Rubiaceae) (1 ) 

Swinglea (Rutaceae) (1) 

Thaumasianthes (Loranthaceae) (2) 

Vanoverberghia (Zingiberaceae) (1) 

Villaria (Rubiaceae) (5) 

Table 4. Asiatic-centred genera Qf flowering plants in the Philippine Islands, not known 

elsewhere in West Malesia (modified after Merrill 1926). 

Acrocephalus (Labiatae) Peracarpa (Campanulaceae) 

Deutzia (Saxifragaceae) Photinia (Rosaceae) 

Distyliopsis (Hamamelidaceae) Saururus (Saururaceae) 

(also in Sulawesi and New Guinea) 

Ellisiophyllum (Scrophulariaceae) Skimmia (Rutaceae) 

(also in New Guinea) 

Lilium (Liliaceae) Tectona (Verbenaceae) 

Melientha (Opiliaceae) Thesium (Santalaceae) 

(also in Lesser Sunda Is.) 

Ophiopogon (Liliaceae) Triphasia (Rutaceae) 

Pegia (Anacardiaceae) 

Table 5. Easterncentred genera of flowering plants in the Philippine Islands, not known 

elsewhere in West Malesia; includes East Malesiaae) 

Dimorphanthera (Ericaceae) Myrmephytum (Rubiaceae) 

Discocalyx (Myrsinaceae) Neotrewia (Euphorbiaceae) 

Dolicholobium (Rubiaceae) Neuburgia (Loganiaceae) 

Ectrosia (Gramineae) Papualthia (Annonaceae) 

Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae) 

Euphorianthus (Sapindaceae) Pothoidium (Araceae) 

Geitonoplesium (Liliaceae) Quintinia (Saxifragaceae) 

Heterospathe (Palmae) Sararanqa (Pandanaceae) 

Kania (Myrtaceae) Scaphiophora (Burinanniaceae) 

Legnephora (Menispermaceae) Wallaceodendron (Leguminosae) 

Lepiniopsis (Apocynaceae) Xanthostemon (Myrtaceae) 

Loheria (Myrsinaceae)

Figure Number of genera plotted against log area (km2) 

Data from van Balgooy (1969), Beintema-Hietbrink (n.d. Ceylon), Keng (Malaya, 

1970), Merrill (Philippines, 1926), van Steenis (Malesia, 1950). 

Primary Vegetation Types (forest formations') of the Philippine Islands 

Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest 

Tropical semi-evergreen rain forest 

Forest over limestone 

Forest over ultramafic rocks 

Beach forest 

Mangrove forest 

Brackish-water forest 

Peat swamp forest 

Fresh-water swamp forest 

Tropical moist deciduous forest 

Tropical lower montane rain forest 

Tropical upper montane rain forest 

Subalpine rain forest 

Scheme and nomenclature after Whitmore, T.C. 1984. Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East. 

2nd ed. Clarendon Press: Oxford. 352 p.

mm 

Funding support provided by: 

UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR 

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

# FOUNDATION FOR THE PHILIPPINE 

1, ENVIRONMENT 

FPE 

HARIBON FOUNDATION FOR THE 

CONSERVATION OF NATURE 

d& ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 

'ru" 

1 .;", 

I FIRST PHILIPPINE CONSERVATION, INC. 

SIEMENS 

Cooperating Agencies: 

ESSC, WCSP, MSI, UP Diliman, UPLB, UPCB, LLDA, DLSU-D, PNM, 

MCME, IIRI, ARCBC, FPRDI, ERDB, BFAR, PCARRD, EAC, 

ICLARM, Bicol Univ., Bookmark, Plan Int'l, PSU, KKP, PCSDS, CFI, 

PPSRNP, CRMP Palawan, PTFPP, PNNl and DENR Project 

Agencies (NIPAP, CPPAP, NORDECO) 

I 

I 

I 

NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY 

CONSERVATION 

PRIORITY-SETTI NG 

Sept 27 - 29,2000 

P~~nta ~aluat-te 

cihtdgan. Bdtdngds 

ving the Hottest of the Hotspots" /

Invocation 

Nailom1 Anthem 

Welcome Remarks 

Messclge 

Keynote Address 

NBCPSW Bockgromer : 

NBCPSW Process 

Opening Program 

RED Write Paragas 

Reglonal Execuh Dlrector 

DENR Reglon ff 

Dr. Jerry H'sson 

Head, Ofnce of Envlronmentol Mg% USAID 

Hcfl. Marlo ROm 

DENR Undersecrhry for Interndona1 

Commlfment & local QovTAflaIrs 

Dr. mereso ~ ~ U m 

Asst. Dlrector, PAWB 

NBCPSW Convenor 

Dr. Peny S. Ong 

Country Dlreotor, CI Phll 

NBCPSW Co-Convenor 

Ms. Mbe Lave leonMa 

NBCPSW Luzon Reglonal Coordinator 

Emcee: Dr. Edwlno S. Fernando 

il 

I 

Facllrtufws: 

Ms. Letlcla Afuang & Mr. Carlo Custodlo 

I I 

Sept 29 

Frlday 

-+ 

I Mrdmtlon of 

n-...---+-+t. 

8 , b.8,. WlU 01 hllll g/ 

Valldatlon 

- -. - - . - 

.- 

-6 for 

Presentation of Map 

Results and Crlterla 

Resolutions by WGL 

Sunmary by the 

Reglonal 

Coordlnotor 

Orlentatlon and 

Lewlllng of Clodng Program 

Expectations 

Protected Areas In Collation tor 

Meetlw of 

] the Reglon ( the Reglon ) 

. -- .- Worklng Group 

I Data Updates from 1 I Leaders: 

Worklng Group 

Leaders and 

Prerantatlon of 

Prellmlnary Speclea 

Database and Maps p , 

Follow-up 

Consultations: 

Pack-up & 

Check out 

PRIM lntroductlon 11 

PRIM Workshop to 

allow hands-on 1 

R pm . ad acktalls and 

/f 1 mhihl. Pocbls 

b'oUp 

of Worklry 

Group Leao 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

AlTACHMENT 2. SAMPLE CRITERIA FORM 

Form 1 : Criteria Definition 

Values 

Thematic Group: 7 

Form ~uthor: 7 

criteria: c l 

Definition: 

Extremely high (1): 

Very High (2):: 

High (3): 1 1 

Medium ( 4 ) : q 

Low (5):

ATTACHMENT 3. EVALUATION RESULTS 

NATlONAL BlODlVERSlN CONSERVAVON PRlORlTYSETTlNG WORKSHOP 

Regional Consultation for Luzon 

Punta Baluarte, Calatagan Batangas 

September 27 - 29.2000 

1 EVALUATlON 

I 

1. The NBCPSW process was well explained. 

2. In general, the regional consultation objectives (as indicated in the program) were 

successfully met. 

Objective #l 

Objective #2 

13. The workshops in my working group 

I a had sufficient time for discuuions (relative to the objective and schedule) 

I 

b. were well-facilitated 

c. enriched my insights 

d. provided opportunities for expanding linkages 

I 

14. The provisions were satisfactory for 

I a. meals and snacks 

I b. lodging 

I c the venue 

1 d. workshop support materials 

( e. communication 

I 

TOTAL 

5. What are your suggestions to ensure better planning and preparation for the next 

regional consultations? 

5.1 Arthropods working group needs some resource persons for forested areas and mountain 

systems, as well as for river systems and tributaries to allow us to link with 

habitats of arthropods; 

5.2 Arrange the lodging such that members of a working group are billeted in the same room; 

5.3 Next venue should be in a place where e-mail and internet connection can be easily set 

up; 

5.4 Use of workshop secretariat and to work on the preparation at least 2 months; 

5.5 Rooms should accommodate only 2-3 persons and 2 tables to work our assignment; 

5.6 Strictness on time; 

5.7 Prepare background materials and distribute sufficient copies to participants; 

5.8 Send official invitations at least two weeks in advance; 

5.9 Make arrangements for special food requirements (e.g. vegetarian meals for non-pork 

eating participants, etc.) 

5.10 l mprove audio-visual materials and presentations; 

5.11 Thematic maps should have the appropriate title and should reflect only the necessary 

information. For example, small river systems should be excluded and base line info. 

should be present in all maps for reference; 

5.12 Invitations did not reach the regional officelconcerned personnel (but received ver- 

bal information from PAWB) 

5.1 3 Time management in the delivery of activities in the program; 

5.1 4 More socio-econ experts (given the extensive date needed); 

5.1 5 As much as possible those who have attended previous meetings should also be invited 

to attend the subsequent meetings to have continuity of thoughts on whatever decisions 

are to be integrated in the final report; 

5.16 In case of government agencies the communication should be specific on what dataldo- 

curnents that will be brought to the workshop, specifically to the field officers or 

personnel; 

5.17 More experts. More background paper; 

5.18 Preparation of available literature - needs more 

5.19 "Ang gagaling nilang lahal' (personal communication of Joks with Noel Dumaup)

OF THE PHILR'Pw 

BCPCIDS 

Certificate of P4rticip;ttion 

Maviano Roy M= Duya 

for actively participating in the Luzon Regional Consultation for the National Biodiversity 

Conservation Priority-Setting Workshop held on September 27 - 29, 2000 at Punta Baluarte, 

Cala tagan, Ba tangas. 

Given this 29th day of September, 2000 at Punta Baluarte, Calatagan, Batangas. 

%& 

Dr. Theresa undita S. Lim 

Assistant Director . 

PA WB-DENR 

Convenor, NBCPSW 

B& Dr. er S. 

Country Director 

CI Philippines 

Co-Convenor, NBCPS W 

h 

Dr. resci ano M. Za ora 

Director, BCP/ 

UP CIDS-NAS 

Scientific Adviser, NBCPSW

DIRECTORY FOR THE LUZON REGIONAL CONSULTATION 

Punta Baluarte, Calatagan, Batangas 


Name 

Participants 

l~ffillation )Address Icontact NOS. 1 mall I~~eclallzatlon I 

1 Evelyn Dangla 

BFAR 

National Fisheries and 075-523-541 2; 075-523-0385 

Fish 

Development Center, Bunuan, 

Binloc Pangasinan 

- 

2 Victor S Soliman 

Bicol University Tabacco, Albay 

Fisheries 

3 Jose Ma. Lorenzo Tan Bookmark 

264 Vito Cruz Extn., Makati City 897 0824; 895 8061 to 65 bookmark@info.com.ph Marine Mammals 

4 William Savella 

5 Leonard Co 

6 Flora Leocadio 

7 Eliadora Mercene 

8 Cris Rivero 

9 Jlmmy G. Aberin 

10 Vicenta Anonuevo 

11 Emelina Mandia 

12 Reynaldo dela Paz 

13 

- 

Cecilia P. Reyes 

14 Justo P. Rojo 

15 Myrissa Lepiten-Tabao 

16 Rodolfo Reyes 

17 Noel Dumaup 

18 Angelita Rivera 

19 Edwino S. Fernando 

CENRO, PASu, NSMNP 

CI 

CRMP 

DA-BFAR 

DENR, Mt. lsarog 

DENR, Reg. IV 

DLSU 

DLSU 

Emilio Aguinaldo 

College 

FPRDl 

Haribon 

ICIARM 

KKP 

LLDA 

MCME, UPLB 

DENR, NSMNP, Palanan, 

lsabela 

#7 Cabanatuan Rd., Philam 

Homes, Quezon City 

Coastal Resource Management 

Program, Rizal, Puerto, Princesa 

02 412 8194 to 95 

Tanauan School of Fisheries 

Compound. Ambulong, Tanauan, 

Batangas 

Panganiban Drive, Naga Cily 472 8018 

DENR, Reg. Ill, San Fernando, 961 4654 

Pampanga 

1515 L & S Bldg., Roxas Blvd., M 450 1313 

Biology Department, De LaSalle 02 536 0228 

University, 

Manila 

Taft Ave., Metro 

Biology Department, De LaSalle 

University, Taft 

Manila 

Ave., Metro 

Emilio Aguinaldo College, Taft 

Ave., Manila 

Forest Products Research and 049 536 2360 

Development Institute, CFNR, 

UPLB, College, Laguna 

#9 Malingap St., UP Village, 

Diliman, QC 

433 3476 

IRRl Cpd., Los Baiios, Laguna 845 0563; 891 1292 

#23 Maalindog St.. UP Village, 

Diliman, Q. C. 

433 3220 to 22 

2nd Flr. Rizal Sports Bldg., 

Pasig, Metro Manila 

Makiling Center for Mountain 045 536 2773; 049 536 3572 

Ecosystems, CFNR, UPLB, 

College, Laguna 

Ilco@macrophil.com 

ndumaup@wwf-~hil.orn.~h 

Socio-Economic 

Plants 

Fish 

Protected Areas and 

Wildlife Management 

Plants 

Flshes 

Arthropods (Thrips) 

Plants 

Mammals 

Fish 

Reef fishes 

Zooplankton and Benthos 

PlantslFiowering plants

--- 

24 Gaudencio Bartolome 

Afflllatlon I~ddress Icontact Nos. 

PASu [El Nido, Palawan 10919 422 6974 

PASu 

PASu 

PAWB 

Malampaya 

Coron, Palawan 

WRC, PAWB-DENR, Quezon 

048 434 3480; 433 5638 

926 7132 

PAWB-DENR Reg. 2 

I 

JDENR Regional Office. 

ITuguegarao City 

1078 844 4321 

I 

PCARRD l~os Banos, Laguna 1049 536 0014 to 16 

PCARRD 

Los Banos, Laguna 

049 536 0014 to 16 

-- 

PCSDS 

Palawan Council for Sustainable 

Development Staff, Irawan, 

Puerto Princesa 

28 Roberto AraAo 

Plan International 

29 Julie C. Hibaya 

PSU 

Palawan State University, Puerto 0918 533 7447 

Princesa, Palawan 

30 James Albert Mendoza ST. Paul 

Puerto Princesa Subterranean 

River National Park- S. A. Santos 

048 433 2409; 434 2509 

Complex, #9 Nat'l. Hway, 

Junction 1, Brgy. San Miguel, PP 

I 

r 

31 Augustus C. Mamaril UP Diliman 

Institute of Biology, College of 02 920 5471 

Science, UP Diliman 

32 Roberto Pagulayan UP Diliman 

Institute of Biology, College of 02 920 5471 I 

Science, UP Diliman 

33 Benjamin Vallejo UP MSI 

Marine Science Institute, UP 929 4615 7 

t - 

Diliman 

- 

34 Edna Fortes 

UP MSI 

Marine Science Institute, UP 922 3959; 922 3958 

Diliman 

UPLB 

CFNR, UPLB, College, Laguna 049 536 2557; 536 4218; 

UPLB 

Animal Biology Division, College 049 536 2843; 0918 912 6098 

of Arts and Sciences, UPLB 

37 Leonila C. Raros 

38 Lourdes Castillo 

UPLB 

UPLB 

I 

39 Macrina Zafaralla 

LlPLB 

Environmental Biology Division, 

UPLB, Los Banos, Laguna 

L 

40 William Gwezo 

SLB 

Department of Entomolgy, 049 536 131 5 

College of Agriculture, UP Los 

Banos 

Animal Biology Division, College 

of Arts and Sciences, UPLB 

049 536 2843 

049 536 3368; 536 2517 

Plant Biology Division, Institute of 0918 804 6279 

Biological Sciences, UPLB, 

College, Los Banos, Laguna 

n 

rrdeveyra@pacific.net.ph 

;p@nib.upd.edu.ph 

~enval@pacific.net.ph 

~dnaf@msiOl.cs.upd.edu.ph 

I 

Marine Turtles 

Mollusks 

biogeography, malacology 

seaweeds 

large marine vertebrates 

Arthropods (Acarina) 

ntzafaralla@up.edu.ph Phytoplankton

-- - - 

Partner Agencles 

41 1~ean Caleda ~ARCBC 

I 

~FPE 

43 /___ 

Pia Villapando 

1~0s Banos, Laguna 1936 6485; 0917 810 4105 

L I 

)#77 Matahimik St., Teachers I927 2186 

Village, Dilirnan, Quezon City - 

#77 Matahlmik St.. Teachers 

Imiac@pacific.net.ph 

Ifpemain@fpe.ph 

IBiodiversity policylenvtal. Pla 

I I 

Village, Diliman. Quezon City 

44 Jeffrey Parungao #77 Matahimik St., Teachers I 

/village, Dilirnan, Quezon City 

45 Leo Urrutia 

iSSC l~anila Observatory Bldg., I 

Ateneo de Manila University 

46 Hernando Capilitan ISSC 

Manila Observatory Bldg., 

Ateneo de Manila University 

I 

Worklng Group Leader 

47 Victor Gapud 

48 Rowena Boquiren 

49 Daniel Lagunzad 

50 Perry AliAo 

51 Adelina Santos-Borja 

52 Blas Tabaranza 

- 

53 Arvin Diesmos 

54 Genevieve Gee (Neil Aldrin 

Mallari) 

Regional Coordinator 

55 Mae Lowe S. Leonida 

UP Los Batios 

UP Baguio 

UP Dilirnan 

UP MSI 

LLDA 

Haribon 

DLSU Dasrnariiias 

Haribon 

DLSU 

PAWB, CI, UP and Support Staff 

56 Theresa Mundita Lim PAWB-DENR 

57 Carlo Custodio 

PAWB-DENR 

58 Norma Molinyawe 

PAWB-DENR 

59 Mariynn Mendoza 

PAWB-DENR 

60 Janet Garcia 

PAWB-DENR 

61 Priscilla Calimad 

PAWB-DENR 

62 Perry S. Ong 

Conservation 

International Phils. 

63 Leticia E. Afuang 

Conservation 


64 Oliver Coroza 

Conservation 


Dept. of Entomology, IBS, UPLB, 049 536 2541; 1315 

Los Batios, College, Laguna 

Baguio City 

074 42 2429 

Institute of Biology, UP Diliman, 02 920 5301 local 6536 - MSI-UP Diliman 

02 920 5301 local 7427 

21F Rizal Sports Club BLdg., 02 638 5330 

Capitol Cpd., Pasig City 

#9 Malingap St.. UP Village, 02 433 3476 

Diliman, QC 

Dasmaritias, Cavite 

(02) 84491 16 loc 3093 

#9 Malingap St., UP Village. 02 433 3476 

Diliman, QC 

Biology Department, De LaSalle 

University, Dasmaritias, Cavite 

Visayas Avenue. Diliman, QC 

Visayas Avenue, Diliman, QC 

Visayas Avenue. Diliman, QC 





Homes, QC 

#7 Cabanatuan Rd., Phiiam 

Homes, QC 


Homes. QC 

BEST AVAILABL E COPY 

02.94491 16 loc 3093 

(02) 9282096 

(02) 9282096 

(02) 9282096 

(02) 925-2123 

(02) 9282096 

(02) 928 6397 

(02) 4128194 to 95 

(02) 4128194 to 95 

(02) 4128194 to 95 

vicgap@laguna.net 

rrb@baguio.upcb.edu.ph 

dalagunzad@macrophll.com 

pmalino@nslOl .cs.upd.edu.ph 

Imd@llda.gov 

blasjr@haribon.org.ph 

kaloula@i-manila.com.ph 

munlim@skyinet.net 

pawbwild@psdn.org.ph 

mendoza@psdn.org.ph 

perryong@csi.com.ph 

ciphil@csi.com.ph 

ciphll@csi.wm.ph 

Arthropods and Insects WGL 

Socio-Econ WGL 

Plants WGL 

Marlne Ecosystems WGL 

1 

Freshwater Ecosystems WG 

Birds WGL I 

Herps WGL 

Mammals WGL 

PAs and Wildlife 


PA8 and Wildlife 



Wildlife 

Wildlife (Herps) 

GiSAT

Name 

Affillatlon 

Address 

Contact Nos. 

65 Nancy lbuna 

Conservation #7 Cabanatuan Rd., Philam (02) 4128194 to 95 

International Phils. Homes. QC 

66 Connie Morales 

Conservation #7 Cabanatuan Rd., Philam 

International Phils. Homes, QC 

67 Joy Navarro 

Conservation #7 Cabanatuan Rd., Philam 


68 Giselle de Lara 

Conservation 

#7 Cabanatuan Rd.. Philam 


69 Liza Valenzuela 

BCP UP ClDS Institute of Biology, UP Diliman 

70 Aloy Duya Conservation 


Wildlife 

71 Mike de Guia 

llnternational Phils. 

1 Conservation 

I~omes, QC 

1#7 Cabanatuan Rd., Philam 

Wildlife 

Marine I 

'Finance I 

Plants (Ferns) I

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 1. Plant Working Group 

Plate 2. Insects and Allied Arthropods Working Group 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 3. Vertebrate Working Group. 

Plate 4. Marine Working Group. 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 5. Freshwater Working Group. 

Plate 6. Socio-Economic and Cultural Working Group. 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 7. Information Group and the CPSW Staff. 

Plate 8. Luzon Regional Consultation Participants 

BESTAVAILABLE COPY

Plate 9. Plenary session. 

Plate 10. Plenary session 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 11. Insect Working Group during the workshop session. 

Plate 12. Vertebrate working group during the workshop. 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 13. Freshwater working group during the workshop session. 

PIate 14. Marine work.ing group during the workshop session. 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 15. Plant working group during the workshop session. 

Plate 16. Socio-econ working group during the workshop session. 

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Plate 17. Information working group at the workshop. 

Plate 18. Prisma hands-on training. 

LJEST AVAILABLE COPY

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