The flora of Saluk National Park, Northern Khorassan province, Iran

J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2014 

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 

ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) 

Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 45-71, 2014 

http://www.innspub.net 

RESEARCH PAPER 

OPEN ACCESS 

The flora of Saluk National Park, Northern Khorassan 

province, Iran 

Atefeh Ezazi, Nargessadat Rahchamani, Farrokh Ghahremaninejad * 

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 43 Dr. Mofatteh 

Avenue,15719-14911 Tehran, Iran 

Article published on July 08, 2014 

Key words: Floristic, life form,diversity, Iran, Northern Khorassan, National Park. 

Abstract 

Saluk National Park is located in Northern Khorassan province, NW Esfarayen between 37˚ 07΄- 37˚ 14΄ N and 

57˚ 10΄- 57˚ 17΄ E. A total of 1137 plant specimens during 2007–2009 were collected and 505 taxa (species, 

subspecies and varieties), belonging to 296 genera and 71 families were identified. The largest families in the area 

are Asteraceae (80 taxa), Poaceae (46 taxa), Fabaceae (45 taxa) and Brassicaceae (42 taxa) respectively. The 

most diverse genera include Astragalus (25 species), Cousinia (12 species), Allium and Alyssum (each with seven 

species) and Veronica (six species) respectively. The life form rates of the taxa were as follows: Hemichryptophyte 

(36.7%), Therophyte (34.4%), Chamaephyte (11.3%), Geophyte (9.7%) and Phanerophyte (7.9%). From the 

standpoint of vegetation type, 56.2% of the chorotypes belong to Irano-Turanian vegetative elements. The results 

show that 31 taxa (6.1%) are endemics and 36 taxa (7.1 %) exist in the IUCN list. During this reaserch one species 

“Senecio joharchii (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)” is presented as new species to science and three species are 

recorded for the first time from Iran. 

* Corresponding Author: Farrokh Ghahremaninejad ghahremaninejad@khu.ac.ir 

45 | Ezazi et al


Introduction 

Saluk National Park (Northern Khorassan province, 

Iran) was declared as a National Park in 2002. This 

park is one of the richest parks of Iran with the high 

diversity of plant species and is situated in Irano- 

Anatolian province of the Irano-Turanian Region in 

the Holarctic kingdom. Irano-Anatolian province 

comprises about 2/3 of Iran, Afghanistan and 

Baluchistan sector of Pakistan. It characterized by a 

continental climate. Hot and dry summers and cold 

winters predominate. Precipitation occurs in the 

winter and in the early months of spring; it reaches 

high levels (up to 800 mm/year) only at high 

elevations in the mountains. Typical vegetation unites 

are Dwarf-scrub (highland), Salt swamps (interior 

basins), Woodlands and Thorn-cushin formations 

(mountain ranges). This province is characterized by 

a large number of endemic species and genera. 

Example are Astragalus, Amygdalus, Ferula, Nepeta, 

Pistacia, Phlomis, Verbascum, Acanthophylum, 

Acantholimon, Dionysia, Cousinia and Eremurus, 

each of Which has many species.This is one of the 

most pronounced centers of speciation and 

distribution in the Holarctic Kingdom; especially the 

montane and alpine zones of the mountain ranges 

exhibit extraordinary diversity (Kurschner, 1986). 

It is important to mention here that the Khorassan 

province is now divided to three separated provinces: 

Razavi Khorassan, Southern Khorassan, and 

Northern Khorassan; it is located in NE of Iran, 

covering an area of 313, 335 sq. km. But in Flora 

Iranica treatments and several other works usually 

the former Khorassan is used. Recently some articles 

are published as a supplement for Flora Iranica about 

Khorassan’s flora, i.e. Ghahremaninejad et al. 2005, 

2010b, 2012; Joharchi et al. 2007, 2011. 

of the province) in ca. 30 km N from the park. Several 

villages surround the park: Sarmaran in SE, Chahar 

Borj in SW, and Siah Khaneh in NE and Ahangaran in 

NW. Saluk Protected Region is located in the 

westhern part of the park. Geomorphologically, the 

park is divided to two parts of palin and mountain. 

The Northern part of the park is mountainous and 

includes 2/3 of its total area. The elevation of the area 

ranges from 1300 to 2170 m. Hasan Chukhuni Mt. 

with an altitude of 2170 m is the highest mountain in 

this park. Its mountains are situated in the end of NW 

Khorassan zone and the mountains of this zone are 

connected through them to Alborz Mountain range in 

N Iran. The south part of the park comprises plain 

region that contains 1/3 of the park and the elevation 

of the area ranges from 1150 to 1300 m. The elevation 

difference between the highest and lowest points in 

the park, about 1000 m, has made various habitats, 

hence the biodiversity of the park also has increased. 

Beaucase of valuable ecological characteristics, the 

area was designated as National Park in 2001. 

Climate 

The climate of the park is affected with different 

weather systems such as: Western winds, Azoor high 

pressure, Siberia high pressure and Mediterranean. 

In summer, Azoor high pressure system makes the 

weather of the area dry. Western winds that blow in 

the park from early autumn to late spring are the 

major agents of the precipitation in autumn, winter 

and spring. Siberia high pressure system affects the 

park from late autumn to early spring, hence it causes 

snowfall and temperature drops down to -20 C˚. 

Mediterranean moisture is the most important origin 

of the precipitation in the park. Mainly, it is entered 

into the area by western winds. 

Location and topography 

Saluk National Park is located in NW Esfarayen in 

Northern Khorassan province, NE Iran. The area is 

situated with 8231 hectares between 37˚ 07΄- 37˚ 14΄ 

N and 57˚ 10΄-57˚ 17΄ E (Fig. 1). The nearest cities to 

the park are Esfarayen and Bojnurd. Esfarayen is 

located in ca. 20 km SE and Bojnurd (the capital city 

Climatically the plain and mountainous parts of the 

park are different, hence available data mean in two 

climatological stations―Asadli station for 

mountainous part and Bala Khosh station for plain 

par― during the period of 21 years from 1986 to 2006 

were utilized to determine the climatical parameters. 

According to these data the ombrothermic diagram of 

46 | Ezazi et al


the park was prepared. It shows that approximately 

six months of year are wet months and the rainiest 

month is April with a mean precipitation of 60.6 mm. 

Drought period starts in early May and continues 

until the end of October and the driest month is 

August with a mean precipitation of 1.5 mm. The 

coldest months are January and February with a 

minimum temperature of 0.2 and 0.5 ° C, respectively. 

The warmest months are July and August with a 

maximum temperature of 23.6 and 22.8 ° C, 

respectively. 

According to available data mean, annual 

precipitation and median annual temperature are 282 

mm and 12 ° C, respectively that results the study area 

is characterized as a “cold semi-arid” climate (Fig. 2). 

Materials and methods 

Data collection 

Climatic data and the map of the park were provided 

by the Northern Khorassan Department of the 

environment. The vascular plants of the park 

regularly were collected from different habitats every 

month during growing seasons between 2007 and 

2009. Efforts were made to collect both flowering and 

fruiting specimens. The exact location and elevation, 

latitude and longitude of every plant specimen were 

determined using GPS in addition notes on the 

vegetation and habitat. After the specimens had been 

dried by pressing, they transferred to the herbarium 

of Kharazmi University (FAR) and the specimens 

were prepared as herbarium material according to 

herbarium techniques. Then they were identified and 

named using available flora such as: Flora Iranica 

(Rechinger, 1963–2010), Flora of the USSR 

(Komarov, 1963–2001), Flora of Turkey (Davis, 

1965–1988), Flora of Iraq (Townsend et al., 1966– 

1985), Flora Europeae (Tutin et al., 1964–1980), and 

Flora of Iran (Assadi et al., 1988– 2012). 

Based on the type of vegetation in Saluk National 

Park, the habitats divided into plain regions, rocky 

areas, arid mountainous regions, humid mountainous 

regions and river sides, landslides, aquatic habitats 

and manipulated areas. The introduced habitats are 

comparable with another floristic study in Khorassan 

province by Ghahreman et al. (2006). 

Determining the life form was done by Raunkiaer 

classification (Raunkiaer, 1934). Life form, chorology 

and the species distribution in the world and Iran was 

extracted from the reviews of several monographs 

and Floras, particularly Flora Iranica and Flora of 

Iran. 

The plant species of Saluk National Park checked with 

international IUCN (International Union for 

Conservation of Nature) list and their status in this 

list were denoted by Red Data Book of Iran (Jalili & 

Jamzad, 1999). The endemic plant species were 

determined using Biodiversity of plant species in Iran 

(Ghahreman & Attar, 1998), Flora of Iran (Assadi et 

al., 1988–2011) and Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1963– 

2010). The vascular plants of Saluk National Park are 

listed in Table 4 with information about life form, 

chorotype, endemism, IUCN categories and 

herbarium number of every plant species. 

Results and discussion 

Floristic diversity 

The vascular flora of Saluk National Park includes a 

total of 505 taxa (496 species, six subspecies and 

three varieties) belonging to 296 genera and 71 

families (Tab. 4). The dicotyledons with 58 families, 

249 genera and 415 species are the most diverse 

group of vascular plants in the following monocots 

with eight families, 42 genera and 76 species, 

gymnosperms with two families, two genera, two 

species, and pteridophytes with two families, two 

genera and two species (Tab. 1). 

The richest families in terms of number of taxa are 

Asteraceae (80 taxa), Poaceae (46 taxa), Fabaceae 

(45 taxa), Brassicaceae (42 taxa), Lamiaceae (25 

taxa), Boraginaceae (20 taxa), Apiaceae (18 taxa), 

Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae (each with 17 

taxa), Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae (each with 15 

taxa) and Liliaceae (14 taxa) (Tab. 2). The genus 

Astragalus (25 species) is the richest in this area 

47 | Ezazi et al


following Cousinia (12 species), Allium and Alyssum 

(each with seven species), Veronica (six species), 

Artemisia, Bromus, Lappula, Poa and Tragopogon 

(each with five species), Acantholimon, Centaurea, 

Crasus, Cirsium, Gagea, Galium, Plantago, Silene 

and Stachys (each with four species) (Tab. 3). 

Table 1. Number of families, genera and species of main groups of plants in Saluk National Park. 

Plant Groups Family Genus Taxon (subsp., var.) 

Pteridophytes 3 3 3 

Spermatophytes 68 293 502 

Gymnosperms 2 2 2 

Angiosperms 66 291 500 

Dicotyledones 58 249 424 

Monocotyledones 8 42 76 

Total 71 296 505 

The ratios of species/genera (1.7) and genera/families 

(4.2) for this park indicate a high taxonomic diversity 

rate. It could be due to diverse habitats in the area 

(Ghahremaninejad et al., 2010a, Ghahremaninejad & 

Ezazi, 2009a, b). 

Habitat 

Seven different habitats are present in Saluk National 

Park as follows: 

Plain regions 

They include flat plains that are situated in the 

southern parts of the park. Various species such as 

ones listed below were found: Acanthophyllum 

glandulosum, Acroptilon repens subsp. australe, 

Aegilops kotschyi, Alhagi pseudoalhaji, Amygdalus 

spinosissima subsp. turcomanica, Androsace 

maxima, Anthemis rhodocentra, Artemisia sieberi 

subsp. sieberi, Astragalus campylorrhynchus, 

Bromus tectorum, Centaurea bruguierana subsp. 

belangerana, Ceratocephalus falcata, Cousinia 

monocephala, C. prolifera, Crepis sancta subsp. 

iranica, Eremopyrum bonaepartis var. bonaepartis, 

Eremurus stenophyllus subsp. stenophyllus, 

Fritillaria gibbosa, Gagea reticulate, Glaucium 

elegans, Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glabra, Halocharis 

sulphurea, Hordeum bulbosum, Holosteum 

glutinosum, Iris fosteriana, I. songarica, Ixiolirion 

tataricum, Linaria simplex, Lycium ruthenicum, 

Muscari neglectum, Nonnea caspica, Papaver 

pavoninum, Perovskia abrotanoides, Poa bulbosa, P. 

sinaica, Polygonum hyrcanicum, Rhizocephalus 

orientalis, Roemeria hybrida, Rosa persica, Scabiosa 

olivieri, Sedum tetramerum, Silene coniflora, 

Stachys trinervis, Vulpia persica, Ziziphora tenuior. 

Table 2. List of rich families of vascular plants in Saluk National Park. 

Families Taxon (subsp., var.) Genera 

Asteraceae 80 42 

Poaceae 46 27 

Fabaceae 45 14 

Brassicaceae 42 32 

Lamiaceae 25 16 

Boraginaceae 20 12 

Apiaceae 18 15 

Caryophyllaceae 17 9 

Chenopodiaceae 17 11 

Rosaceae 15 9 

Scrophulariaceae 15 5 

Liliaceae 14 7 

48 | Ezazi et al


Rocky areas 

This kind of habitat is typically positioned on the 

slopes that cover with rocks and boulders. In this 

habitat various species are found such as: 

Acantholimon pterostegium, Aeluropus littoralis, 

Anthemis odontostephana, Convolvulus dorycnium, 

Corydalis rupestris, Dielsiocharis kotschyi, Dionysia 

tapetodes, Graellsia integrifolia, Hymenocrater 

elegans, H. platystegius, Lonicera microphylla, 

Melica jacquemontii subsp. jacquemontii, Onosma 

longilobum, Parietaria judaica, Reaumuria 

alternifolia var. alternifolia, Scrophularia variegata 

subsp. variegata, Silene swertiifolia, Stipa barbata. 

Table 3. List of rich genera of vascular plants in Saluk National Park. 

Genus Species Genus Species 

Astragalus 25 Acantholimon 4 

Cousinia 12 Centaurea 4 

Allium 7 Cerasus 4 

Alyssum 7 Cirsium 4 

Veronica 6 Gagea 4 

Artemisia 5 Galium 4 

Bromus 5 Plantago 4 

Lappula 5 Silene 4 

Poa 5 Stachys 4 

Tragopogon 5 

Arid mountainous regions 

These habitats that exist in the northern parts of the 

park have high plant species diversity. Also valleys 

and peaks in these regions tend to isolate certain 

plant species that have a low dispersal capacity and a 

narrow habitat tolerance. Some examples of the 

species growing in these regions are: Acantholimon 

raddeanum, Acanthophyllum glandulosum, Allium 

cristophii, A. sarawschanicum, Artemisia 

kopetdagensis, Astragalus masanderanus, A. neoassadianus, 

A. orthocarpoides, A. schahrudensis, 

Berberis integerrima, Cirsium bornmulleri, Clausia 

turkestanica, Cotoneaster nummularioides, Cousinia 

microcarpa, C. schindleriana, C. trachyphyllaria, 

Dianthus crinitus subsp. turcomanicus, D. orientalis 

subsp. stenocalyx, Eryngium billardieri, Euphorbia 

aelleni, Ferula ovina, Fibigia suffruticosa, Gundelia 

tournefortii, Haplophyllum acutifolium, Hypericum 

helianthemoides, Juniperus excels, Jurinea 

monocephala subsp. sintenisii, Lagochilus aucheri, 

Linaria pyramidalis subsp. kopetdaghensis, 

Marrubium duabense, Onobrychis cornata subsp. 

cornuta, Onosma dichroanthum, Prangos bungei, 

Senecio joharchii, S. paulsenii subsp. Khorassanicus, 

Serratula latifolia, Thalictrum isupyroides, 

Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. szowitsii. 

Fig. 1. Map of the study area: red and green 

boundaries show Saluk National Park and Saluk 

protected area, respectively. 

Humid mountainous regions and river sides 

49 | Ezazi et al


seasonal water channel and springs on the elevations 

create several suitable humid areas for growing 

plants. 

In this habitat various species such as the followings 

are found: Acer monspessulanum subsp. 

turcomanicum, Adianthum capillus-veneris, Althea 

cannabina, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Atriplex 

micrantha, Barbarea plantaginea, Brachypodium 

sylvaticum,Carex divisa,C. songorica, Chorispora 

tenella, Crambe kotschyana, Epilobium hirsutum, E. 

tetragonum, Equisetum ramosissimum, 

Eupathorium cannabinum, Juncus inflexus, Lycium 

kopetdaghi, Lythrum hyssopifolia, Matthiola 

alyssifolia, Mentha longifolia var. asiatica, 

Polygonatum sewerzowii, Rhamnus Pallasii subsp. 

sintenisii, Rosa beggeriana, Rubus sanctus, Salix 

acmophylla, S. pycnostachya, Samolus valerandi, 

Scrophularia umbrosa, Tanacetum parthenium, 

Thalictrum sultanabadense, Ulmus glabra, Verbena 

officinalis, Veronica anagalloides subsp. heureka, 

Vincetoxicum pumilum. 

rotundifolium, Isatis tinctoria subsp. tomentella, 

Koelpinia linearis, Lamium amplexicaule var. 

amplexicaule, Lepyrodiclis stellarioides, 

Pachyptrygium brevipes, Paracaryum 

turcomanicum, Peltaria Turkmena, Pimpinella 

tragium, Prangos latiloba, Psammogeton canescens 

subsp. Canescens, Pteropyrum aucheri, Ranunculus 

afghanicus, Scandix stellata, Solenanthus 

circinnatus, Tulipa micheliana, T. montana var. 

montana, Valeriana ficariifolia, Vincetoxicum 

pumilum. 

Fig. 3. The life form of the species in Saluk National 

Park. 

Aquatic habitats 

Few species are grown in this kind of rare habitats; 

such as: Juncus articulatus, Phragmites australis, 

Plantago gentianoides subsp. griffithii, Veronica 

anagallis-aquatica. 

Fig. 2. Ombrothermic climatic diagram for Saluk 

National Park based on data obtained from two 

climatological stations Asadli and Bala Khosh during 

1986–2006. 

Landslides 

Landslides are rocky areas at the foot of the mountain 

slopes. The vegetation will be seen when some soil 

exists between the gravels. Some species of this 

habitat are: Allium monophyllum, Arum kotschyi, 

Atraphaxis spinosa, Bunium intermedium, Caccinia 

macranthera var. crassifolia, Cerastium inflatum, 

Delphinium turkmenum, Eremostachys 

labiosiformis, Eremurus luteus, Geranium 

Manipulated areas 

These areas include the manipulated rural localities 

used for farming or gardening and the marigin of the 

roads and pathways. Some of these species are listed 

below: Amaranthus retroflexus, Capparis spinosa, 

Cardaria draba, Convolvulus arvensis, Echinochloa 

crus-galli var. submutica, Hibiscus trionum, 

Hordeum glaucum, Malcolmia africana, Malva 

neglecta, Peganum harmala var. harmala, Plantago 

lanceolata, Portulaca oleracea, Reseda luteola, 

Roemeria refracta, Setaria glauca, and Tribulus 

terrestris var. terrestris. 

Life form 

The life form of plants is an adaptive response to 

environment and provides an ecological classification 

50 | Ezazi et al


that may be indicative of habitat conditions 

(Archibold 1995). Adaptive features within a flora can 

give clues as to (1) origin of the flora, (2) migration 

pattern in the area, (3) evolutionary trends within 

populations, (4) and indications of present or past 

climatic trends (Radford et al., 1974). Life form of the 

plant species of the study area was determined by 

Raunkiaer′s classification based on the position of 

perennating buds on the plant species (Raunkiaer, 

1934). The main phytochoria are based on Zohary 

(1973), Léonard (1989) and Takhtajan (1986). In 

Saluk National Park, the dominant life forms are 

hemicryptophytes, which constitute 36.7% of the taxa, 

followed by Therophyte (34.4%), chamaephytes 

(11.3%), geophytes (9.7%) and phanerophytes (7.9%). 

The dominance of hemicryptophyte and therophyte 

clearly indicate the adaptation of these plants to 

aridity in this area (Fig. 3). 

kopetdagensis, Astragalus iranicus, A. ochreatus, 

Berberis integerrima, Caccinia macranthera var. 

crassifolia,Cerasus chorassanica, Cousinia 

afghanicum,C. eryngioides, Crambe kotschyana, 

Delphinium turkmenum, Dionysia tapetodes, 

Echinops chorassanicus, Ephedra intermedia, 

Euphorbia aelleni, Ferula ovina, Graellsia 

integrifolia, Iris kopetdaghensis, Juniperus excelsa, 

Korshinskya kopetdaghensis, Lagochilus aucheri, 

Leucopoa sclerophylla, Lonicera microphylla, 

Lycium kopetdaghi, Marrubium duabense, Noaea 

mucronata subsp. mucronata, Onobrychis cornata 

subsp. cornuta, Paracaryum turcomanicum, Peltaria 

turkmena, Perovskia abrotanoides, Prangos latiloba, 

Pulicaria gnaphalodes, Ranunculus afghanicus, 

Sedum tetramerum, Serratula latifolia, Silene 

swertiifolia, Stachys turcomanica, Stipa barbata, 

Tulipa micheliana, Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. 

transcaspicum 

Fig. 4. The chorological affinities of the species in 

Saluk National Park. 

Chorology 

Irano-Turanian elements compose more than half of 

the plant species (56.4%) in the park, thus it is the 

dominant chorotype in the region. The Irano- 

Turanian/ Euro-Siberian/ Mediterranean species 

with 10.9%, the Irano-Turanian/Mediterranean 

species with 10.5%, the pluriregional species with 

7.9%, the Irano-Turanian/ Euro-Siberian species with 

4% and the cosmopolitan species with 3.2% compose 

other phytogeographical elements of the area (Fig. 4). 

The some of the taxa found exclusively in Irano- 

Turanian were mentioned below: 

Acantholimon karelini, Acanthophyllum 

glandulosum, Aegilops tauschii, Allium 

kuhsorkhense, Artemisia Khorassanica, A. 

Endemism 

Among 505 taxa distributed in Saluk National Park, 

31 taxa belonging to 27 species, three subspecies and 

one variety are endemic to Iran. They compose about 

6.1% of the total number of taxa. The endemic taxa 

include: Acantholimon ptrestegium, Allium 

kuhsorkhensis, Astragalus campylanthoides, A. 

cyclophyllon, A. meschedensis, A. neo-assadianus, A. 

ochreatus, A. orthocarpoides, A. ruscifolius, A. 

submaculatus, Cerasus chorassanica, Cousinia 

diezii, C. lasiandra, C. lepida, C. monocephala, C. 

schindleriana, C. trachyphyllaria, Dianthus 

orientalis subsp. stenocalyx, Echinops chorassanicus, 

Eremurus stenophyllus subsp. stenophyllus, 

Euphorbia aellenii, Graellsia integrifolia, 

Hymenocrater platystegius, Lagochilus aucheri, 

Onobrychis heliocarpa, Polygonum hyrcanicum, 

Rochelia mirheydari, Salvia hypoleuca, Tanacetum 

polycephalum subsp. duderanum, Tragopogon 

jezdianus, Tulipa montana var. Montana. Thus 

among 71 families, 12 families possess endemic taxa 

and the most endemic species in the area belong to 

Fabaceae and Asteraceae families with nine endemic 

taxa (58% of the total of endemic taxa). 

51 | Ezazi et al


Among 31 endemic taxa, 29 taxa belong to Irano- 

Turanian region, 11 taxa are found exclusively in 

Khorassan region and one taxon (Astragalus neoassadianus) 

in Northern Khorassan. 

IUCN categories 

In the study area, two vascular plants as vulnerable 

plants (VU), 23 plant taxa as low risk plants (LR), 11 

vascular plants with Data deficient (DD) are 

characterized based on the threatened categories 

proposed by Jalili & Jamzad (1999). Totally, 7% of 

vascular plants of the park (36 taxa) exist in IUCN 

categories. Of this number, 33 taxa belong to Irano- 

Turanian region and 17 taxa are endemic to Iran (Tab. 

4). 

Medicinal plant species 

Medicinal plant species in Saluk National Park were 

determined using the Medicinal Plants book (Zargari, 

1968–1995). They comprise 32% of total number of 

plant species. Some of these species are listed below: 

Achillea wilhelmsii, Adiantum cepillus-veneris, 

Alhagi pseudalhagi, Amygdalus spinosissima, 

Anchusa italica, Artemisia biennis, Cichorium 

intybus, Conium maculatum, Cynanchum acutum, 

Ephedra intermedia, Hypericum perforatum, 

Lallemantia royleana, Lonicera nummulariifolia, 

Peganum harmala, Pulicaria dysenterica, Rhamnus 

pallasii, Salsola kali, Salvia sclarea, Samolus 

valerandi, Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium polium, 

Verbena officinalis, Ziziphora tenuior,… 

Findings and reports 

During this research one species “Senecio joharchii F. 

Ghahrem., Ezazi, Rahchamani and Attar” is presented 

as new to science (Ghahremaninejad et al., 2010a), 

and two species are recorded for the first time from 

Iran: Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Roem. and 

Schultes from Caprifoliaceae family 

(Ghahremaninejad & Ezazi, 2009b) and Marrubium 

duabense Murata from Lamiaceae family 

(Ghahremaninejad & Ezazi, 2009a). 

Using all current references, 65 taxa as new records 

for the eastern Iran, 10 taxa as new records for 

Khorassan region, 156 taxa as new records for 

Northern Khorassan province and 503 taxa as new 

records for Saluk National Park are reported. 

In appendix several natural pictures of plant taxa of 

the park are selected. 

Recently a paper is published about the flora of Salok 

[Saluk] protected area (Nadaf et al., 2011). In real 

Saluk area is divided to two parts: a- park, b- 

protected area. But based on the Nadaf et al. (2011) 

the studied area (17000 hectares) is larger than the 

protected part. In real the protected part is an area 

with 11677 hectares and the park part is an area with 

8231 hectares. Thus Saluk area includes an area 

nearly 19908 hectares. In this paper there are not any 

Ombrothermic climatic diagram and any area map. 

Furthermore for the plant specimens there are not 

any voucher specimen. 

Our results from 8231 hectares show 71 families, 296 

genera and 496 species, whereas they resulted for a 

bigger area, 17000 hectares, 52 familes, 174 genera 

and 213 species. 149 genera and 125 species are the 

same between both researches. 20 families, 147 

genera and 371 species in our result are listed that did 

not mention in Nadaf et al.’s work. Family Oleaceae 

(Fraxinus angustifolia -cultivated ?-), and 25 genera 

and 88 species are mentioned in Nadaf et al.’s paper 

that we do not listed here; this difference is can be 

due to the larger studied area by them. As a result, it 

seems that Nadaf et al.’s work (2011) do not cover all 

the floristic composion of Saluk. 

Acknowledgments 

This research is a part of a scientific project 

performed by the third author (F.Gh.) and authorized 

by the Department of Environment of I. R. Iran, for 

which we are deeply grateful. We appreciate Mr. M.R. 

Joharchi for his opinions for the plant 

determinations. Thanks are also to the Department of 

Environment of the province and Mr. Layegh as well. 

52 | Ezazi et al


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Appendix 1. Checklist of vascular plants of Saluk National Park. 

He = Hemicryptophyte, Th = Therophyte, Ch = Chamaephyte, Ge = Geophyte, Ph = Phanerophyte, IT = Irano- 

Turanian, ES = Euro-Siberian, M = Mediterranean, SS = Sahara-Sendia, PL = Pluriregional, COS = Cosmopolite, 

En = Endemic, NE = Not Evaluated, DD = Data Deficient, LR = Lower Risk, VU = Vulnerable, subsp. = 

subspecies, var. = variety. 

Name of taxa Life form Chorology Endemism IUCN status Herbarium number 

Pteridophytes 

Aspleniaceae 

Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Ge COS - NE 5053 

Equisetaceae 

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. Ge PL - NE 4494, 4742, 5157 

Pteridaceae 

Adianthum capillus-veneris L. Ge COS - NE 5052 

Gymnosperms 

Cupressaceae 

Ephedraceae 

Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C. A. Ch IT - NE 4453, 4646 

Mey. 

Angiosperms: Dicotyledones 

Aceraceae 

Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. Ph IT, M - NE 4497, 4669, 5275 

turcomanicum (Pojark.) Rech. f. 

Amaranthaceae 

Amarantus retroflexus L. Th PL - NE 4532, 5032, 5120 

Apiaceae 

Bunium intermedium Korov Ge IT - NE 5392 

Bunium rectangulum Boiss. & Ge IT - NE 4990 

Hausskn. 

Bupleurum exaltatum M. B. Ch IT - NE 5089, 5461 

Conium maculatum L. He PL - NE 4506, 5506 

Dorema hyrcanum Kos.-Pol. He IT - NE 4475, 4889, 5103 

Eryngium billardieri F. Delaroche He IT - NE 5497 

Eryngium bungei Boiss. He IT - NE 4489, 4767, 4839 

54 | Ezazi et al


Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. He IT, ES, M - NE 4485, 5118, 5146 

Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. He IT - NE 4416, 4995, 5261 

Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. He IT - LR 4448, 5098, 5178 

Korshinskya kopetdaghensis (Korov.) Ge IT - NE 4854, 5424 

M. Pimenov & Kljuykov 

Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. Ch IT, ES, M - NE 5065, 5458 

lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin 

Prangos bungei Boiss. He IT - NE 4698 

Prangos latiloba Korov. He IT - NE 4717, 5350, 5390 

Psammogeton canescens (DC.) Vatke Th IT - NE 4509, 4847 

subsp. Canescens 

Scandix stellata Bank & Soland. Th IT, M - NE 4861, 5246, 5344, 

5388, 5478 

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Th PL - NE 4466 

Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. Th IT, ES - NE 5469 

Apocynaceae 

Trachomitum venetum (L.)Woods. He PL - NE 4499 

subsp. scabrum (Russan.) Rech. f. 

Asclepiadaceae 

Cynanchum acutum L. He IT, M - NE 5076 

Vincetoxicum pumilum Decne. He IT, ES - LR 4484, 4873, 4877, 

4914, 4932, 5035, 

5042, 5456 

Asteracesae 

Achillea bibersteinii Afan. He IT - NE 4492, 4908, 5046 

Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch He IT - NE 4410, 4716, 4750, 

5382, 5528 

Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. subsp. He IT - NE 4535, 4883, 4942, 

australe (Iljin.) Rech. f. 

4976, 4991, 5153 

Anthemis hyalina DC. Th IT - NE 5553 

Anthemis odontostephana Boiss. var. Th IT, SS - NE 5262 

odontostephana 

Anthemis rhodocentra Iranshahr Th IT, SS - NE 4764, 5332, 5376 

Arctium lappa L. He PL - NE 4443 

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. He ES (M) - NE 5464 

Artemisia biennis Willd. He PL - NE 5150, 5096 

Artemisia diffusa Krasch. ex Poljak. Ch IT - NE 4434 

Artemisia khorassanica Podl. Ch IT - NE 4571, 5225 

Artemisia kopetdagensis Krasch. Ch IT - NE 4539 

Artemisia sieberi Besser subsp. Ch IT, ES, M - NE 4420, 4533 

sieberi 

Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. Th IT, M (ES, - NE 5347 

albidus (M. B.) Hazmi 

SS) 

Carthamus oxyacantha M. B. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4972 

Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand.- Th IT, SS - NE 4511, 4956, 4964 

Mzt. subsp. belangerana (DC.) 

Bornm. 

Centaurea depressa M. B. Th IT - NE 4760, 5386 

Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. He IT, ES - NE 4933 

Centaurea virgata Lam. subsp. Ch IT - NE 4440, 4461, 5001, 

squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler 

5073 

Cephalorrhynchus kossinsky He IT - NE 4882, 5530 

(Krasch.) Kirp. 

Chondrilla juncea L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4579, 4958, 5072 

Cichorium intybus L. He PL - NE 4552 

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. Th PL - NE 4444, 5023, 5119, 

incanum (S. G. Gmelin) Ledeb 

5199, 5203 

Cirsium bornmulleri Sint. ex Bornm. He IT - NE 4542, 5482 

55 | Ezazi et al


Cirsium congestum Fisch. & C. A. He IT - NE 4437, 5069, 5229 

Mey. ex DC. var. congestum 

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. He PL - NE 5126 

Codonocephalum peacockianum He IT - NE 5532 

Aitch. & Hemsl. 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Th COS - NE 4595 

Conyzanthus squamatus (Spreng.) Th PL - NE 4596 

Tamamsch. 

Cousinia afghanicum C. Winkl. He IT - NE 4711 

Cousinia diezii Rech. f. Th IT En DD 5125 

Cousinia eryngioides Boiss. He IT - NE 4438, 4663 

Cousinia lasiandra Bunge He IT En LR 4947 

Cousinia lepida (Bunge ex) Boiss. Ch IT En LR 5381 

Cousinia microcarpa Boiss. He IT - NE 5510 

Cousinia monocephala Bunge He IT En DD 4945, 4953, 5188, 

5401 

Cousinia prolifera Jaub. & Spach. Th IT - NE 4804 

Cousinia schindleriana Bornm. & He IT En DD 5494 

Gauba 

Cousinia trachyphyllaria Bornm. & He IT En LR 5495 

Rech. f. 

Cousinia umbrosa Bunge He IT - NE 4472, 4884, 5417 

Cousinia sp. He IT - NE 5504 

Crepis sancta (L.) Babcock subsp. Th IT, M - NE 4618, 4766, 4830, 

iranica Rech. f. 

4962 

Crupina vulgare Cass. Th IT, M - NE 4543 

Cymbolaena griffithii (A. Gray) Th IT, ES - NE 4849 

Wagenitz 

Echinops chorassanicus Bunge He IT En LR 4948 

Echinops ritrodes Bunge He IT - NE 4487 

Eupatorium canabinum L. He IT, ES, M - NE 5195, 5051 

Filago arvensis L. Th IT, ES - NE 5462, 5516 

Filago pyramidata L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 5158 

Gundelia tournefortii L. He IT - NE 5132 

Helichrysum oocephalum Boiss. He IT - NE 4557 

Heteroderis pusilla (Boiss.) Boiss. var Th IT - NE 5210 

. gymnocephala Rech. f. 

Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) He IT, ES - NE 5107, 5196, 5202 

Novopokr. var. canescens (Nees) Serg. 

Jurinea monocephala Aitch. & Hemsl. Ch IT - NE 5498 

subsp. sintenisii (Bornm.) Wagenitz 

Koelpinia linearis Pall. Th IT, SS - NE 5331, 5389 

Lactuca serriola L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4486, 4510, 5093, 

5145 

Lactuca undulata Ledeb. Th IT, M - NE 4776 

Onopordon leptolepis DC. He IT - NE 4449, 4712 

Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. He IT, ES, M - NE 4594, 4959, 5097, 

5173, 5208 

Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. Ch IT - NE 4512, 4572 

Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Sonjak Ch IT - NE 4598, 5087, 5165, 

subsp. orientalis 

5192, 5201 

Scorzonera leptophylla (DC.) Kradch. Ge IT - NE 4683 

& Lipsch. 

Scorzonera litwinowii Krasch. & He IT - NE 4427 

Lipsch. 

Senecio glaucus L. Th IT, ES, M, - NE 4829, 5337, 5360, 

SS 

5406 

S. joharchii F.Ghahrem., Ezazi, He IT - NE 4692 

Rahchamani & Attar 

Senecio paulsenii O. Hoffm. subsp. He IT - NE 5438 

56 | Ezazi et al


Khorassanicus (Rech. f. & Aell.) B. 

Nord 

Serratula latifolia Boiss. He IT - NE 5473 

Sonchus maritimus L. He PL - NE 4784, 4796, 4965 

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz- He PL - NE 4469, 4901, 5049 

Bip. 

Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. He IT En NE 4850, 4979, 5455, 

duderanum (Boiss.) Podl. 

5490 

Taraxacum montanum (C. A. Mey.) He IT, ES - NE 5190 

DC. 

Taraxacum syriacum Boiss. He IT - NE 4746 

Tragopogon bornmuelleri M. Ownbey He IT - NE 4555 

& Rech. f. 

Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) He IT - NE 4722 

Boiss. var. buphthalmoides 

Tragopogon jezdianus Boiss. & Buhse He IT En LR 4723 

Tragopogon longirostris Bisch. He IT, ES, M - NE 5356 

Tragopogon reticulatus Boiss. & Huet He IT, ES - NE 5489 

Tripleurospermum disciforme (C. A. Th IT - NE 5020 

Mey.) Schultz Bip. 

Xanthium spinosum L. Th COS - NE 5081 

Xeranthemum longipapposum Fisch. 

& C. A. Mey. 

Th IT - NE 5515 

Berberidaceae 

Berberis crataegina DC. Ph IT - NE 4537 

Berberis integerrima Bunge Ph IT - NE 4463, 4465, 5061, 

5415 

Berberis integerrima × vulgaris Ph IT - NE 4488, 4925, 5161, 

5180 

Boraginaceae 

Anchusa italica Retz. var. italica Th IT, ES - NE 4516, 5026 

Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Th IT, SS - NE 4777 

Kral. 

Arnebia linearifolia DC. Th IT - NE 5368 

Caccinia macranthera (Banks & Th IT - NE 5255, 5428 

Soland.) Brand var. crassifolia (Vent.) 

Brand 

Echium italicum L. He IT, M - NE 4450, 5417, 4922 

Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. & Ch IT - NE 4528, 4971, 5084 

Mey. 

Lappula ceratophora (M. Pop.) M. Th IT - NE 4789, 4938, 5242 

Pop. 

Lappula drobovii M. Pop. ex Pavl. Th IT - NE 4821 

Lappula microcarpa (Ledeb.) Gurke Th IT - NE 4649, 4943, 5399 

Lappula sinaica (DC.) Ascherson ex Th IT - NE 5237, 5449 

Schweinf. 

Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Th IT, SS - NE 4973 

Ascherson & O. Kuntze 

Myosotis ramosissima Rochel ex Th IT, M - NE 4868 

Schultes 

Nonnea caspica (Wiild.) G. Don Th IT - NE 4660, 4772, 4792, 

4967, 5380, 5412, 

5633 

Nonnea turcomanica M. Pop. Th IT - NE 4775, 4803 

Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. He IT - NE 4550, 5008 

Onosma longilobum Beg. He IT - NE 4843 

Paracaryum turcomanicum Bornm. He IT - NE 5245, 5396, 5407 

& Sint. ex Bornm. 

57 | Ezazi et al


Rochelia mirheydari Reidl & Th IT En NE 4626, 4864 

Esfandiari 

Rochelia pedicularis Boiss. Th IT, ES - NE 5513 

Solenanthus circinnatus Ledeb. He IT - NE 5282, 5285, 5450 

Brassicaceae 

Aethionema carneum (Banks & Th IT - NE 4424, 4637, 4816, 

Soland.) B. Fedtsch. 

5235 

Alyssum contemptum Schott & Ky. Th IT - NE 4611, 4759, 5233 

Alyssum hirsutum M. B. Th IT - NE 4508 

Alyssum linifolium Steph. ex Willd. Th IT, M - NE 4426 

var. tehranicum Bornm. 

Alyssum minutum Schlecht. ex DC. Th IT, M - NE 4612 

Alyssum stapfii Vierh. Th IT - NE 4758, 5343 

Alyssum tortuosum Willd. He IT - NE 4679, 5013 

Alyssum turkestanicum Regel & Th IT - NE 4755 

Schmalh. ex Regel 

Arabidopsis pumila (Steph.) N. Busch Th IT - NE 5294, 5346 

Arabis nova Vill. Th IT, ES, M - NE 5266, 5280 

Barbarea plantiginace DC. He IT - NE 5016 

Buchingera axillaris Boiss. Th IT - LR 4886 

Camelina rumelica Velen. subsp. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4707, 5024 

transcaspica (Fritsch) Hedge 

Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. He IT, M - NE 4513, 4704, 4731, 

4807 

Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. Th IT - NE 4870, 5288 

Clausia turkestanica Lipsky He IT - NE 4690 

Clypeola jonthlaspi L. Th IT, M - NE 4797, 5421 

Conringia orientalis (L.) Andrz. in Th IT, M - NE 5361 

DC. 

Conringia perfoliata (C. A. Mey.) Th IT - NE 5306 

Busch 

Crambe kotschyana Boiss. He IT - NE 4662, 4865, 5417 

Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb & Th IT, ES, M - NE 4634, 4957, 5422 

Berth. 

Dielsiocharis kotschyi (Boiss.) O. E. He IT - LR 5305 

Schulz 

Erophila verna (L.) Besser Th IT, ES, M - NE 4413 

Erysimum sisymbrioides C. A. Mey. Th IT - NE 4623 

Erysimum sp. He - - NE 4684 

Euclidium syriacum (L.) R. Br. Th IT - NE 5466 

Euclidium tenuissimum (Pall.) B. Th IT - NE 5316 

Fedtsch. 

Fibigia suffruticosa (Vent.) Sweet He IT - NE 4689 

Graellsia integrifolia (Rech. f.) Rech. Ch IT En LR 4875, 4917, 5268, 

f. 

5292, 5446 

Isatis tinctoria L. subsp. tomentella He IT, ES, M - NE 4702, 5511 

(Boiss.) Davis 

Lepidium latifolium L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4451, 5105, 5149 

Leptaleum filifolium (Willd.) DC. Th IT (SS) - NE 4635 

Malcolmia africana (L.) R. Br. var. Th IT, SS - NE 4631, 4654, 4749, 

africana 

4753, 5325 

Matthiola alyssifolia (DC.) Bornm. He IT - NE 5434 

Matthiola farinosa Bge. ex Boiss. Ch IT - NE 5402 

Pachyptrygium brevipes Bge. Th IT - NE 5459 

Peltaria turkmena Lipsky Th IT - NE 4900, 5045, 5431, 

5521 

Sisymbrium loeselii L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4554, 4929, 5021, 

5228 

Sisymbrium septulatum DC. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4630, 4954, 5352, 

58 | Ezazi et al


5372 

Stroganowia litwinowii Lipsky Th IT - NE 4695, 4854 

Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4745, 5267, 5295 

Torularia torulosa (Desf.) O. E. Th IT (SS) - NE 5327 

Schulz 

Capparaceae 

Buhsea trinervia (DC.) Stapf He IT - NE 5345 

Capparis spinosa L. Ch PL - NE 4436, 3523, 4715, 

4848, 5071, 5162, 5187 

Caprifoliaceae 

Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Roem. Ph IT - NE 5320 

& Schultes 

Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Ph IT, M - NE 5002, 5062, 5492 

Spach 

Caryophyllaceae 

Acanthophyllum glandulosum Bunge Ch IT - NE 4447, 4819 

ex Boiss. 

Acanthophyllum heterophyllum Ch IT - NE 4790 

Rech. f. 

Acanthophyllum sordidum Bunge ex Ch IT - NE 4401, 5117 

Boiss. 

Cerastium inflatum Link ex Desf. Th IT - NE 5363, 5393, 5411 

Dianthus crinitus Sm. subsp. Ch IT - NE 5005, 5014 

turcomanicus (Schischk.) Rech. f. 

Dianthus orientalis Adams subsp. Ch IT En NE 5503, 5526 

stenocalyx (Boiss.) Rech. f. 

Holosteum glutinosum (M. B.) Fisch. Th IT - NE 4780, 4812, 5231, 

& C. A. Mey. 

5250, 5318 

Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C. A. Mey.) Th IT - NE 4869 

Fenzl ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 

Lepyrodiclis stellarioides Schrenk ex Th IT - NE 5304, 5429 

Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 

Minuartia lineate Bornm. Ch IT, ES - NE 5137 

Minuartia meyeri (Boiss.) Bornm. Th IT - NE 5334 

Saponaria viscosa C. A. Mey. Th IT, ES - NE 5512 

Silene coniflora Nees ex Ott Th IT, M - NE 4765, 5323, 5326, 

5330, 5378 

Silene conoidea L. Th IT, M - NE 5362 

Silene latifolia Poir. subsp. alba He IT, ES, M - NE 4858, 4881, 4904, 

(Miller) Greuter & Burdet 

5290, 5303, 5426 

Silene swertiifolia Boiss. He IT - NE 4930, 4982, 4996, 

5064, 5400, 5476 

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Th COS - NE 4481 

Chenopodiaceae 

Atriplex micrantha Ledeb. Th IT - NE 5219 

Ceratocarpus arenarius L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4412, 4599, 5211 

Chenopodium album L. subsp. album Th COS - NE 4590 

Chenopodium album L. subsp. Th IT, ES, M - NE 5122, 5226 

striatum (Krasan) Murr 

Chenopodium botrys L. Th PL - NE 4589, 5085, 5212 

Chenopodium foliosum Aschers. Th PL - NE 5036, 5043, 5106 

Halocharis sulphurea (Moq.) Moq. Th IT, SS - NE 4978 

Halothamnus glaucus (M. B.) Botsch. Ch IT - NE 4502 

Halothamnus subaphyllus (C. A. Ch IT - NE 4501 

Mey.) Botsch. 

Haloxylon persicum Bge. ex Boiss. & Ph IT, SS - NE 4980, 5205 

Buhse 

59 | Ezazi et al


Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Th PL - NE 4504, 4507, 4562, 

4591 

Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Ch IT - NE 4503, 4893 

Gueldenst. subsp. ceratoides var. 

ceratoides 

Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Ch IT - NE 4558 

Schweinf. subsp. mucronata 

Salsola dendroides Pall. Ch IT - NE 4433, 4600, 5143, 

5189 

Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica (Iljin) Th PL - NE 4553, 4583, 5082, 

Soo 

5213 

Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall. Th IT, M - NE 5144 

Suaeda microphylla Pall. Ch IT - NE 4592, 4718 

Convolvulaceae 

Convolvulus arvensis L. Ge COS - NE 4593, 4752, 4757, 

4920, 5153, 5198 

Convolvulus dorycnium L. He IT - NE 4457, 4853, 5169 

Crassulaceae 

Sedum tetramerum Trautv. Th IT - NE 4643, 5333 

Cucurbitaceae 

Bryonia aspera Stev. ex Ledeb. He IT - NE 4482, 5276, 4902 

Cuscutaceae 

Cuscuta approximate Babingt. var. Th IT, M - NE 5536 

urceolata (Kunze) Yunck. 

Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Th COS - NE 5074 

Cuscuta monogyna Vahl Th IT, ES, M - NE 4556 

Dipsacaceae 

Scabiosa olivieri Coult Th IT, SS - NE 4644, 4936, 4977, 

5452 

Scabiosa rotata Bieb. Th IT - NE 4621, 4815, 4975, 5370 

Elaeagnaceae 

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Ph IT, M - NE 4500, 4531, 4748 

Euphorbiaceae 

Euphorbia aelleni Rech. f. He IT En DD 4726, 4994, 5015, 

5033 

Euphorbia buhsei Boiss. He IT - NE 4725, 4837, 5398 

Euphorbia bungei Boiss. He IT - NE 5310 

Fabaceae 

Alhagi pseudoalhaji (M. B.) Desv. He IT - NE 4439, 4580, 4963 

Astragalus argyoides G. Beck. He IT - NE 5236 

Astragalus biovulatus Bunge Th IT - LR 5324 

Astragalus campylanthoides Bornm. He IT, M En NE 4411 

Astragalus campylorrhynchus F. & Th IT, SS - NE 4404, 5385 

M. 

Astragalus citrinus Bunge subsp. He IT - NE 4673, 5012 

citrinus 

Astragalus curvipes trautv. He IT - NE 5239, 5244, 5249 

Astragalus cyclophyllon Beek He IT En NE 5308 

Astragalus eremophilus Boiss. subsp. Th SS - NE 5357 

eremophilus 

Astragalus iranicus Bunge He IT - DD 4820, 5337 

Astragalus juratzkanus Freyn & Sint. He IT - NE 4619, 5297 

60 | Ezazi et al


Astragalus kurdaicus Saposhn. & He IT - NE 4677 

Summ. 

Astragalus masanderanus Bunge He IT - LR 5485 

Astragalus meschedensis (Bunge) Ch IT En NE 4576, 5011, 5066, 

Podl. 

5135, 5204 

Astragalus neo-assadianus Ranjbar & He IT En NE 5499 

Karamiyan 

Astragalus nephtonensis Freyn He IT - LR 5315 

Astragalus ochreatus Bunge He IT En NE 5312 

Astragalus orthocarpoides Sirj. & He IT En VU 5484 

Rech. f. 

Astragalus oxyglottis M. B. Th IT - NE 5384 

Astragalus podolobus Boiss. & Ch IT - NE 5342 

Hohen. 

Astragalus rawlinsianus Aitch. & He IT - NE 4681 

Baker 

Astragalus ruscifolius Boiss. He IT En NE 4939 

Astragalus schahrudensis Bunge He IT - NE 5486 

Astragalus submaculatus Boriss. He IT En LR 5314 

Astragalus suluklensis Freyn et Sint He IT, M - LR 4940, 5535 

Astragalus tribuloides Del. Th IT, SS - NE 4622 

Colutea buhsei (Boiss.) Shap. Ph IT, ES - NE 4465, 4727, 4899, 

5148, 5271 

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra He IT, ES, M - LR 4431, 4577, 4733, 

4785, 4802 

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. He IT, M - LR 4432, 4966 

glandulifera (Waldst. & Kit.) Boiss. 

Hedysarum wrightianum Aitch. & He IT - NE 4946, 5374 

Baker 

Lathyrus inconspicuus L. Th IT, M - NE 4791 

Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. He PL - NE 4470, 4559, 4910, 

corniculatus var. hirsutus W. D. J. 

4986, 5227, 5505 

Koch 

Medicago lupulina L. He COS - NE 5030 

Medicago sativa L. He IT - NE 4909, 4928 

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. He IT, ES, M - NE 4974, 4984 

Onobrychis cornata (L.) Desv. subsp. Ch IT - NE 4674, 5134 

cornuta 

Onobrychis heliocarpa Boiss. Th IT En DD 5403 

Onobrychis sp. Ch - - NE 5437 

Sophora pachycarpa C. A. Mey. He IT - NE 4761 

Trifolium pretense L. var. pretense He IT, ES, M - NE 5029 

Trifolium repens L. subsp. repens He IT, ES, M - NE 4904, 5028 

Trigonella monantha C. A. Meyer Th IT - NE 4620, 4805, 4950, 

subsp. noeana (Boiss.) Huber-Morath 

5413 

Vicia monantha Retz. Th IT, M - NE 4642, 4770 

Vicia subvillosa (Ledeb.) Boiss. Ge IT - NE 4696, 5255 

Vicia venulosa Boiss. & Hohen. He IT - NE 4480, 4867, 4987, 

5092 

Fumariaceaea 

Corydalis rupestris Ky. He IT - NE 4872, 4903, 5279, 

5283, 5425, 5420 

Fumaria asepala Boiss. Th IT, M - NE 4808, 5060 

Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. Th IT, ES, M - LR 4856, 5301 

Gentianaceae 

Centaurium pulchellum (Swartz) Th PL - NE 4605 

Druce 

Geraniaceae 

61 | Ezazi et al


Bieberstiana multifida DC. Ge IT - NE 5435 

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. ex Th IT, ES, M - NE 4407, 4608, 4751, 

Aiton 

4811, 4937, 5257, 5328 

Geranium kotschyi Boiss. Ge IT - NE 4675 

Geranium molle L. Th IT, SS - NE 4862 

Geranium rotundifolium L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4880, 5354, 5277, 

5427 

Hypericaceae 

Hypericum helianthemoides (Spach) He IT - NE 4560, 4998, 5044, 

Boiss. 

5534 

Hypericum perforatum L. He PL - NE 4457 

Hypericum scabrum L. He IT - NE 4703, 4906, 4981, 

5009, 5059, 5457, 

5518 

Juglandaceae 

Juglans regia L. Ph IT, ES - NE 4473 

Lamiaceae 

Drepanocaryum sewerzowii (Regel) Th IT - VU 5302 

Pojark. 

Eremostachys labiosiformis (M. Pop.) He IT - NE 5405 

Knorring 

Eremostachys regeliana Aitch. & He IT - NE 4743 

Hemsl. 

Hymenocrater elegans Bunge Ch IT - NE 4666, 4701, 4734, 

5006, 5259 

Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. f. Ch IT En NE 5397, 5439 

Lagochilus aucheri Boiss. Ch IT En NE 5474, 5483, 5527 

Lallemantia royleana (Benth. in Th IT - NE 5340, 5359 

Wall.) Benth. 

Lamium amplexicaule L. var. Th COS - NE 4863, 5263, 5341 

amplexicaule 

Marrubium anisodon C. Koch He IT - NE 4874, 4892 

Marrubium duabense Murata He IT - NE 5050, 5519 

Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. var. He PL - NE 4405, 4567, 4806, 

asiatica (Boriss.) Rech. f. 

4961 

Molucella laevis L. Th IT, M - NE 4648 

Nepeta persica Boiss. He IT - NE 4805 

Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. Ch IT - NE 4474, 4768, 4960, 

5070, 5140, 5164, 

5177, 5217 

Phlomis cancellata Bunge He IT - NE 4664, 4823, 4826, 

4993, 5039, 5502, 

5517 

Salvia hypoleuca Benth. He IT En LR 4459, 4859, 4888, 

5038, 5488 

Salvia sclerea L. He IT, M - NE 4878 

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl Ch IT - NE 4680, 5004, 5313, 

5441 

Stachys setifera C. A. Mey. subsp. Ge IT - NE 4460, 4561, 4588, 

iranica (Rech. f.) Rech. f. 

5102, 5224 

Stachys trinervis Aitch. & Hemsl. Ch IT - NE 4417, 4653, 4713, 

5200, 5336 

Stachys turcomanica Trautv. Ch IT - NE 5470 

Teucrium polium L. var. tonsum Stapf Ch IT, M - NE 4456, 4983, 5172 

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. Ch IT - NE 4887, 5207 

bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. 

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. Ch IT - NE 5068 

szowitsii (Rech. f.) Rech. f. 

Ziziphora tenuior L. Th IT - NE 4610, 4714, 4809, 

62 | Ezazi et al


4952, 4968 

Lythraceae 

Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Th PL - NE 4569 

Malvaceae 

Alcea kopetdaghensis Iljin He IT - NE 4454 

Alcea rhyticarpa (Trautv.) Iljan var. He IT - NE 4526, 5170, 5537 

rhyticarpa 

Althea cannabina L. He IT, M - NE 5193 

Hibiscus trionum L. Th IT, M - NE 5151 

Malva neglecta Wallr. He IT, ES, M - NE 4423, 4476, 4625, 

4657, 5025, 5034 

Moraceae 

Ficus carica L. Ph IT, M - NE 4452 

Morus alba L. Ph IT - NE 4747, 4851 

Onagraceae 

Epilobium hirsutum L. Ge PL - NE 4479, 5104 

Epilobium minutiflorum Hausskn. He PL - NE 4478, 4566, 4603 

Epilobium tetragonum L. Ge IT - NE 5095, 5222 

Orobanchaceae 

Orobanch ceruna Lofl. Ge IT, M, SS - NE 5525, 5531 

Papaveraceae 

Glaucium elegans Fisch. & C. A. Mey. Th IT - NE 4771, 4801, 5077 

Hypecoum pendulum L. var. Th IT, M - NE 4617, 4656, 4773, 

pendulum 

5241, 5355 

Papaver decaisnei Hochst. & Steud. Th IT (SS) - NE 5391 

ex Boiss. 

Papaver dubium L. Th IT, SS - NE 5349 

Papaver pavoninum Fesch. & C. A. Th IT - NE 4728, 5329, 5358, 

Mey. 

5379 

Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4616, 4655, 4721, 

5240, 5348 

Roemeria refracta DC. Th IT - NE 4879 

Plantaginaceae 

Plantago gentianoides Sibth. & Sm. He IT - NE 4586 

subsp. griffithii (Decne.) Rech. f. 

Plantago lanceolata L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4607, 4740, 5033, 

5508 

Plantago major L. He COS - NE 5094 

Plantago sp. He - - NE 

Platanaceae 

Platanus orientalis L. Ph IT, M - NE 5194 

Plumbaginaceae 

Acantholimon erinaceum (Jaub. & Ch IT - NE 5131 

Spach) Lincz. 

Acantholimon karelini (Stschegl.) Ch IT - NE 4402, 4788, 4838, 

Bge. 

4955, 5206, 5377 

Acantholimon pterostegium Beg. Ch IT En NE 4828 

Acantholimon raddeanum Czernjak Ch IT - NE 5130 

Podophyllaceae 

Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Spach Ge IT - NE 4687, 5251, 5272 

Polygonaceae 

63 | Ezazi et al


Atraphaxis spinosa L. Ch IT - NE 4575, 4824, 4842 

Polygonum afghanicum Meisn. in Ch IT - NE 4951 

DC. 

Polygonum hyrcanicum Rech. f. He IT, ES En LR 4534, 4597, 4949, 

5019, 5078, 5083, 

5339, 5373 

Polygonum patulum M. B. Th IT, M - NE 5223 

Pteropyrum aucheri Jaub. & Spach Ch IT - NE 4724, 4827, 4840, 

4944, 5078, 5086, 

5142, 5186, 5191 

Rheum ribes L. He IT - NE 4521 

Rumex caucacium Rech. f. He IT - NE 4565, 5507 

Rumex pulcher L. subsp. divaricatus He IT, M - NE 4491, 4522, 4730, 

(L.) Murb. 

4894, 5147 

Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. Ge IT - NE 4852, 5423 

turcomanicus (Rech. f.) Rech. f. 

Portulacaceae 

Portulaca oleracea L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 5155 

Primulaceae 

Androsace maxima L. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4425, 4614, 4720, 

4778, 5238, 5353 

Dionysia tapetodes Bge. Ch IT - NE 5054, 5445 

Samolus valerandi L. He PL - NE 5159, 5221 

Punicaceae 

Punica granatum L. Ph IT, ES - NE 4647 

Ranunculaceae 

Adonis annua L. subsp. cupaniana Th IT, M - DD 4855, 5299, 5420 

(Guss.) C. Steinb. 

Ceratocephalus falcata (L.) Pers. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4613, 5230, 

5243,5286, 5309 

Clematis orientale L. Ch IT - NE 4578, 4741, 5160, 5181 

Consolida orientalis (Gay) Schrod. Th IT, M - NE 5027, 5463 

Delphinium turkmenum Lipsky Th IT - NE 4844, 5472 

Nigella integrifolia Regel Th IT - NE 4871, 4885, 5500 

Ranunculus afghanicus Aitch. & Ge IT - NE 5440, 5451 

Hemsl. 

Thalictrum isupyroides C. A. Mey. Ge IT - NE 4697 

Thalictrum sultanabadense Stapf He IT - NE 5442 

Resedaceae 

Reseda lutea L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4632, 4769, 4979 

Reseda luteola L. He IT, ES, M - NE 4519, 4547, 5031, 5197 

Rhamnaceae 

Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey. Ph IT, ES - NE 5056, 5088 

subsp. sintenisii (Rech. f.) Browicz &. 

J. Zielinski 

Rosaceae 

Amygdalus commonis L. Ph IT - NE 4464 

Amygdalus spinosissima Bge. subsp. Ph IT - NE 4419, 4536, 4609, 

turcomanica (Lincz.) Browicz 

4841, 4969 

Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. Ph - - NE 4747, 4754 

Cerasus chorassanica Pojark. Ph IT En LR 4678, 5447 

Cerasus microcarpa )C. A. Mey.) Ph IT - NE 4467, 4913, 5284 

Boiss. subsp. microcarpa 

64 | Ezazi et al


Cerasus turcomanica Pojark. Ph IT - DD 4931 

Cerasus vulgaris Miller Ph - - NE 4670, 4912 

Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark. Ph IT - NE 4541, 4564, 5000 

Crataegus turkestanica Pojark. Ph IT - NE 4490, 5121 

Pyrus communis L. Ph - - NE 4671 

Rosa beggeriana Schrenk Ph IT - NE 4471, 4688, 4911, 

4926, 4992, 5090 

Rosa canina L. Ph IT, ES, M - NE 4483, 4918, 5182 

Rosa persica Michx. ex Juss. Ge IT - NE 4403, 4515, 4538 

Rubus sanctus Schreber Ph IT, M - NE 4471, 5101, 5176 

Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. He IT, ES, M - NE 4927, 5123, 5529 

laciocarpa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) 

Nordborg 

Rubiaceae 

Callipeltis cucullaria (L.) DC. Th IT, M - NE 4787 

Crucianella gilanica Trin. subsp. He IT - NE 5471 

transcapica (Ehrend.) Ehrend. & 

Schonb.-Tem. 

Galium ceratopodum Boiss. Th IT - DD 4737, 4798 

Galium homifusum M. B. He IT, M - NE 4446, 4736, 5075, 5175 

Galium spurium L. subsp. ibicinum Th IT - NE 4874 

(Boiss. & Hausskn.) Ehrend. 

Galium spurium L. subsp. spurium Th IT, ES, M - NE 4774 

Galium tricornutum Dandy Th IT, M - NE 4989 

Rubia florida Boiss. Ch IT - LR 4527, 4685, 4744, 

5163, 5260, 5321, 

5409, 5448 

Rutaceae 

Haplophyllum acutifolium (DC.) G. He IT - NE 4442, 4699, 5022, 

Don 

5037, 5057, 5523 

Salicaceaea 

Populus nigra L. subsp. caudina Ph IT, ES, M - DD 4498 

(Ten.) Bug. 

Salix acmophylla Boiss. Ph IT, M - NE 4493, 4585 

Salix excelsa S. G. Gmelin var. rodinii Ph IT - NE 5291 

A. Skvortsov 

Salix pycnostachya N. J. Andersson Ph IT - NE 5289 

Santalaceae 

Thesium kotschyanum Boiss. Ge IT - NE 4705, 5311 

Scorophulariaceae 

Leptorhabdos parviflora (Benth.) Th IT - NE 4548 

Benth. 

Linaria pyramidalis (Vent.) F. G. He IT - NE 5209, 5475, 5514 

Dietr. subsp. kopetdaghensis 

(Kuprian.) D. A. Sutton 

Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. Th IT, M - NE 4645, 4810, 5234, 

5335 

Scrophularia striata Boiss. Ch IT - NE 4505, 4735, 4941 

Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. He IT, ES, M - NE 5099 

Scrophularia variegata M. B. subsp. Ch IT - NE 5041, 5048, 5278, 

variegata 

5416 

Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. He IT - NE 4418, 4458, 4546, 

var. transcaspicum Murb. 

5124 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. He IT - NE 5111 

lysimachioides (Boiss.) M. A. Fischer 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. He IT - NE 4551, 4584, 5110 

65 | Ezazi et al


oxycarpa (Boiss. in Kotschy) A. Jelen. 

Veronica anagalloides Guss. subsp. He IT, ES, M - NE 4915 

anagalloides 

Veronica anagalloides Guss. subsp. He IT - NE 5017, 5174 

heureka M. A. Fischer 

Veronica campylopoda Boiss. Th IT - NE 4799 

Veronica persica Poir. Th PL - NE 4813 

Veronica polita Fries Th PL - NE 4786 

Veronica rubrifolia Boiss. subsp. Th IT - NE 4800 

respectatissima M. A. Fischer 

Solanaceae 

Hyoscyamus arachnoideus Pojark. He IT - NE 4668 

Hyoscyamus turcomanica Pojark. He IT - NE 4549, 4667, 5298 

Lycium kopetdaghi Pojark Ph IT - NE 4514, 4921, 5109 

Lycium ruthenicum Murray Ph IT - NE 4661, 4762, 5454 

Solanum nigrum L. Th COS - NE 5220 

Tamaricaceae 

Reaumuria alternifolia (labill.) Ch IT - NE 4445, 4831 

Britten var. alternifolia 

Tamarix androssowii Litw. Ph IT - NE 4708 

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Ph PL - NE 4441, 4529, 4474, 

4709, 5080, 5141 

Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb. var. Ph IT, SS - NE 4710 

deserti (Boiss.) Zohari 

Ulmaceae 

Celtis caucasica Willd. Ph IT - NE 5179 

Ulmus glabra Hudson Ph ES - NE 4924, 5063, 5444 

Urticaceae 

Parietaria judaica L. Ch IT, ES, M - NE 4468, 4860, 4916, 

5047, 5055, 5460 

Urtica dioica L. subsp. dioica He COS - NE 5127 

Valerianaceae 

Valeriana ficariifolia Boiss. He IT - NE 5264, 5281 

Valerianella cymbicarpa C. A. Mey. Th IT - NE 4658, 5408 

Valerianella leiocarpa (Stev.) Betcke Th IT - NE 4659 

Verbenaceae 

Verbena officinalis L. He PL - NE 4520, 4818, 5094 

Violaceae 

Viola occulta Lehm. Th IT - NE 4686, 5138, 5253, 

5300, 5410, 5487 

Zygophyllaceae 

Peganum harmala L. var. harmala He IT, ES, M - NE 4435, 4729, 4814, 

4845, 5139, 5383, 5521 

Tribulus terrestris L. var. terrestris Th PL - NE 5152 

Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 

Alliaceae 

Allium cristophii Trautv. Ge IT - NE 5491 

Allium kuhsorkhense R. M. Fritsch & Ge IT En NE 5404 

M. Joharchi 

Allium lamondiae Wendelbo Ge IT - NE 4779 

Allium monophyllum Vved. Ge IT - DD 5395 

Allium rubellum M. B. Ge IT - NE 5387 

66 | Ezazi et al


Allium sarawschanicum Regel Ge IT - NE 4919, 5509 

Allium vavilovi M. Pop. & Vved. Ge IT - NE 5018, 5108 

Araceae 

Arum kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen. ex Ge IT, M - NE 4452, 4866, 5269, 

Boiss. 

5419, 5533 

Cyperaceae 

Bolboschoenus affinis (Roth) Drob. He PL - NE 4495 

Carex divisa Huds. Ge IT, ES, M - NE 5287 

Carex songorica Kar. & Kir. Ge IT - NE 5285 

Cyperus longus L. He IT, M - NE 4496 

Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Sojak He IT, M - NE 4604, 4817 

subsp. australis (L.) Sojak 

Iridaceae 

Iris fosteriana Aitch. & Baker Ge IT - NE 4409, 4428 

Iris kopetdaghensis (Vved.) Mathew Ge IT - NE 4694, 5256, 5307 

& Wendelbo 

Iris songarica Schrenk Ge IT - NE 5364 

Ixioliriaceae 

Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. Ge IT - NE 4615 

Juncaceae 

Juncus articulatus L. He COS - NE 4583, 5112 

Juncus inflexus L. He PL - NE 4544, 4568, 4970, 

5113, 5218 

Liliaceae 

Eremurus luteus Baker Ge IT - NE 5247, 5293 

Eremurus stenophyllus (Boiss. & Ge IT En LR 4676, 4693, 4985, 

Bunge) Baker subsp. stenophyllus 

4999 

Erythronium caucasicum Woron. Ge ES, M - LR 4422 

Fritillaria gibbosa Boiss. Ge IT - NE 4429, 5394 

Gagea chomutowae Pascher Ge IT - NE 4414, 5248, 5273, 

5432 

Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved. Ge IT - NE 5296 

Gagea reticulate (Pall.) Schultes & Ge IT, SS - NE 4415, 4650 

Schultes fil. 

Gagea tenera Pascher. Ge IT - NE 4624, 4636 

Muscari neglectum Guss. Ge IT, ES, M - NE 4406, 5270, 5317, 

5433 

Polygonatum sewerzowii Regel Ge IT - NE 5048, 5443 

Tulipa bibersteinana Schultes & Ge IT, ES - NE 4430, 5319 

Schultes fil. 

Tulipa micheliana Hoog Ge IT - NE 4672, 4691 

Tulipa montana Lindl. var. Ge IT - NE 5322 

chrysantha (Boiss.) Wendelbo 

Tulipa montana Lindl. var. montana Ge IT En NE 5265, 5274 

Poaceae 

Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. var. hirta Eig Th IT - NE 4935 

Aegilops tauschii Cosson Th IT - NE 4895 

Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. He IT, M, SS - NE 4825 

Aeluropus sp. He - - NE 5167 

Agropyron libanoticum Hack. He IT - NE 5116, 5183 

67 | Ezazi et al


Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv. He IT, ES, M - NE 5115, 5184 

Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Ch ES, M - NE 4890 

Richter 

Avena eriantha Durieu Th IT, M - NE 4896 

Avena wiestii Steud. Th IT, M, SS - NE 5480 

Boissiera squarrosa (Banks & Th IT - NE 4638, 4836, 5366 

Soland.) Nevski 

Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng He PL - NE 4582, 5166 

Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) He ES, M - NE 5010 

P. Beauv. 

Bromus danthoniae Trin. var. Th IT - NE 4822, 5367 

lanuginosus Roshev. 

Bromus japonicas Thunb. var. Th PL - NE 4518, 5468 

japonicus 

Bromus rubens L. var. rubens Th IT, M - NE 4794 

Bromus sericeus Drobov IT - NE 4795 

Bromus tectorum L. var. hirsutum Th IT, ES, M - NE 4782 

Regel 

Bromus tectorum L. var. tectorum Th IT, ES, M - NE 4640, 4783 

Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth He PL - NE 4570 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. He PL - NE 4581, 5079 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Th IT, ES, M - NE 4524, 5156 

var. submutica Neilr. 

Elymus baldschuanicus Roshev. He IT - NE 5493 

Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Th IT (M) - NE 4628, 4781, 5338, 

Nevski var. bonaepartis 

5365 

Festulolium × loliaceum (Hudson) P. He IT - NE 5114, 5467 

Fourn. 

Hordeum bulbosum L. He IT, M - NE 4897 

Hordeum glaucum Steud. Th IT, M - NE 4763, 4793 

Leucopoa sclerophylla (Boiss. & He IT - NE 5477 

Hohen.) V. Krecz. & Bobrov 

Melica jacquemontii Decne. ex He IT, ES - NE 4833 

Jacquem. subsp. hohenackeri (Boiss.) 

Bor 

Melica jacquemontii Decne. ex He IT, ES - NE 4834 

Jacquem. subsp. jacquemontii 

Nardurus subulatus (Banks & Th IT - NE 4639, 5232 

Soland.) Bor 

Phalaris minor Retz. Th COS - NE 4706 

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex He COS - NE 4587, 4602, 4606, 

Steud. var. australis 

4739, 4924 

Poa bactriana Rochev. He IT - NE 4891 

Poa bulbosa L. He IT, ES. M - NE 4627, 4898, 5465, 

5503 

Poa sinaica steud. He IT - NE 4738, 5258, 5369, 

5453 

Poa trivialis L. He IT, ES, M - NE 5481 

Poa sp. He - - NE 4641 

Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. Th PL - NE 4835, 5214 

Rhizocephalus orientalis Boiss. Th IT - NE 4408 

Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. Th IT, SS - NE 4525, 4545, 5091, 5154 

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Th PL - NE 5168 

Stipa barbata Desf. He IT - NE 4601, 4832, 5007, 

5414, 5501, 5520, 5524 

Stipa caragana Trin. He IT - NE 4988 

Taeniatherum crinitum (Schereb.) Th IT, M - NE 5479 

68 | Ezazi et al


Nevski 

Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmelin Th IT, M - NE 4629 

Vulpia persica (Boiss. & Buhse) V. Th IT - NE 4756, 5375 

Krecz. & Bobrov 

a. Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. turcomanicum (Pojark.) Rech. f., b. Anthemis hyalina DC., c. Cousinia 

microcarpa Boiss., d. Anthemis rhodocentra Iranshahr, e. Senecio paulsenii O. Hoffm. subsp. Khorassanicus 

(Rech. F. & Aell.) B. Nord, f. Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip., g. Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh., h. 

Tragopogon reticulatus Boiss. & Huet, i. Anchusa italica Retz. var. italic. 

69 | Ezazi et al


a. Dielsiocharis kotschyi (Boiss.) O. E. Schulz, b. Fibigia suffruticosa (Vent.) Sweet, c. Peltaria turkmena 

Lipsky, d. Capparis spinosa L., e. Dianthus orientalis Adams subsp. stenocalyx (Boiss.) Rech. f., f. Silene 

latifolia Poir. subsp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet g. Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus var. hirsutus, h. 

Trifolium repens L. subsp. repens, i. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton. 

a. Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. f., b. Marrubium duabense Murata, c. Hibiscus trionum L., d. Papaver 

dubium L., e. Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC., f. Adonis annua L. subsp. cupaniana (Guss.) C. Steinb., g. Delphinium 

turkmenum Lipsky, h. Ranunculus afghanicus Aitch. & Hemsl., i. Rosa beggeriana Schrenk. 

70 | Ezazi et al


a. Tribulus terrestris L. var. terrestris, b. Allium kuhsorkhense R. M. Fritsch & M. Joharchi, c. Iris 

kopetdaghensis (Vved.) Mathew & Wendelbo, d. Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb., e. Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) 

Vved., f. Muscari neglectum Guss., g. Tulipa montana Lindl. var. chrysantha (Boiss.) Wendelbo h. Tulipa 

micheliana Hoog, i. Poa trivialis L. 

71 | Ezazi et al

The flora of Saluk National Park, Northern Khorassan province, Iran

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