Family 239. SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum Linnaeus Native of the ...

Family 239. SAPOTACEAE 

Revisions: 

Lam, HJ. 1925. The Sapotaceae, Sarcospermaceae and Boerlagellaceae of the Dutch East 

Indies and surrounding countries. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique du Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 7: 1- 

289. 

Lam, HJ. 1927. Further studies on Malayan Sapotaceae I. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique du 

Buitenzorg sér. 3, 8: xxx--xxx 

Chrysophyllum Linnaeus 

Revision: 

Vink, W. 1958. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. XIII. 

Chrysophyllum L., Blumea 9: 21-74. 

Chrysophyllum cainito L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 192; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 288; --Vink, Blumea 9 

(1958) 26. 

Native of the West Indies and Central America. Cultivated pantropically for its edible 

fruit. 

Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (Blume) A DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 162; --Vink, Blumea 9 (1958) 28. 

var. lanceolatum 

Chrysophyllum roxburghii G Don, Gen. Gard. Syst. Dict. 4 (1838) 33; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 287; --HJ Lam, 

Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 187, except syn. C. curtisii King & Gamble. 

India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, Hongkong, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea. 

LUZON: Cagayan, MINDORO, PALAWAN, NEGROS. Low altitude primary forests. 

Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 11 (1759) 937; --Vink, Blumea 9 (1958) 27. 

Introduced from the neotropics. Occasionally cultivated at low altitudes in the 

Philippines. 

Diploknema Pierre 

Revision: 

Royen, P. van. 1958. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. XIV. 

Diploknema Pierre, Blumea 9: 75-88. 

Diploknema ramiflora (Merr.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 184, Fig. 52; 

--Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 245; --Royen, Blumea 9 (1958) 78, Fig. 3; --Madhuca ramiflora (Merr.) 

Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 278; 4 (1925) 245; --Illipe ramiflora Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 

42. –Type: FB 189 Barnes. 

LUZON: Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Laguna, Quezon. Low altitude 

primary forests. 

Ganua Pierre ex Dubard =Madhuca 

Revision: 

Assem, J. van den. 1953. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. IV. 

Ganua. Blumea 7: 364-400. 

Lam, HJ. 1957. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. IVb. Ganua 

Pierre ex Dubard (2 nd Supplement). Blumea 8: 510-513. 

Ganua monticola (Merr.) HJ Lam, Blumea 7 (1953) 379, Fig. 6; --HJ Lam, Blumea 8 (1957) 511;

--Madhuca monticola (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277; 4 (1925) 245; --Bassia monticola Merr., 

PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 56. –Type: 

Ganua boerlageana sensu HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 427 non (Burck) Pierre ex 

Dubard 

Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Forested peaks and ridges, altitude up to 

550m. 

Ganua obovatifolia (Merr.) Assem, Blumea 7 (1953) 390, Fig. 11; --Madhuca obovatifolia (Merr.) 

Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1925) 180; --Bassia 

obovatifolia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 57. –Type: 

LUZON: Quezon (Guinayangan), Camarines Norte (near Daet). Low altitude primary 

forests. 

Ganua palembanica (Miq.) Assem & Kosterm., Blumea 7 (1954) 482; --Soejarto et al. (1995) 

Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. 

Extra-Philippine distribution PALAWAN: Mt Beaufort, Soejarto et al. 7100, F, PNH. 

Madhuca Buchanan-Hamilton ex J. Gmelin 

Revision: 

Royen, P. van. 1960. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. XX. 

Madhuca Gmelin. Blumea 10: 1-117 

Madhuca betis (Blanco) MacBride, Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. N.S. 53 (1918) 18; --Merr., 

Blumea 10 (1960) 39. 

Madhuca philippinensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 278; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 

ser. 3, 7 (1925) 166; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 447, Fig. 19. 

Borneo, Sulawesi, Muna and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Aurora, Quezon, Cavite, Camarines, MINDORO, 

MINDANAO: Cotabato. Primary Lowland rainforests. 

EPFP 3 (1923) 276; --H 

Madhuca burckiana (Koord.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 172; Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 453, t. 21; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 68. 

Madhuca fusicarpa (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 276; 4 (1925) 245. 

Sulawesi, Muna, Sumbawa, Borneo, Philippines, Ambon, and New Guinea. LUZON: 

Cagayan, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Surigao. 

Primary lowland forests, ascending to 1000m. 

Madhuca coriacea (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 276; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 180, 264; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 462; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 107. 

LUZON, SAMAR, LEYTE. Lowland primary rainforests. 

Madhuca lanceolata (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 276; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 182; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 462; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 110. --Type: 

Ahern 493 (NY*, US*). Dinagat, 1902. 

DINAGAT. Probably in lowland forest. 

Madhuca mindanaensis (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 

3, 7 (1925) 175, 264, t. 48; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 455; --Royen, Blumea 10 

(1960) 19. 

Borneo (Sabah & Kalimantan) and MINDANAO: Misamis. Lowland primary forests. 

Madhuca mirandae (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 174; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 460; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 90.

MINDANAO: Zamboanga (Mt Kaladis). Forested ridge, c.100m. 

Madhuca multiflora (Merr.) MacBride, Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. N.S. 53 (1918) 18; --Merr., 

EPFP 3 (1923) 65; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 449; --Royen, Blumea 10 

(1960) 65. 

LUZON: Bataan, Rizal (Antipolo & Boso-boso), POLILLO (Anibawan), PANAY: Capiz 

(Mt Timbaban), MINDANAO: Lanao. Lowland primary rainforests. 

Madhuca oblongifolia (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 

3, 7 (1925) 166; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 447;--Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 105. 

LUZON: Quezon (Infanta & Llavac), Camarines Norte (Paracale). Lowland primary 

forests. 

Madhuca platyphylla (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 278; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 167; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 449; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 65. 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur (Margosatubig), alt. 70m. 

Manilkara Adanson emend. Gilly 

Revision: 

Royen, P van. 1953. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. V. 

Manilkara. Blumea 7: 401-412. 

Manilkara fasciculata (Warb.) HJ Lam & Maas Geest., Blumea 4 (1941) 335, Fig. 8. 

Mimusops callophylloides Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 337; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 288. –Type: FB 22834 

Ponce (L*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Surigao prov., Cadyangao, rather dense forest at about sea 

level, 20 Aug. 1914 

Manilkara merrilliana HJ Lam, Blumea 4 (1941) 334, Fig. 7. 

Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea. LUZON: Quezon (E coast), SAMAR, MINDANAO: 

Surigao. Low altitude forests. 

Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mars. 23 (1915) 9, Fig. 1 & 2; --Royen, Blumea 7 

(1953) 405; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1925) 239. 

Mimusops kauki L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 349; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 288. 

Native from Burma, through Peninsular Malaysia to tropical Australia. Introduced in the 

Philippines 

Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen, Blumea 7 (1953) 410; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 

(1925) 218. 

Achras zapota L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1190; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 363; EPFP 3 (1923) 283. 

Introduced from the Neotropics, now pantropical in cultivation for its edible fruits. Grown 

in the lowlands. 

Mimusops Linnaeus 

Mimusops elengi L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 349; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 368; EPFP 3 (1923) 288; --Royen, 

Blumea 6 (1952 594. 

Mimusops parvifolia R Br., Prodr. (1810) 531; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 288. 

Palaquium Blanco

Revision: 

Royen, P. van. 1960. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. XXIII. 

Palaquium Blanco. Blumea 10: 432-606. 

Palaquium abundantiflorum HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 61, Fig. 11; --Merr., 

EPFP 4 (1925) 245; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 457. 

Palaquium barnesii Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 278, non Merr., 1903. 

LUZON: Bataan (Lamao River). Fl. Jan. 

Palaquium barnesii Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 6 (1903) 13; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenzorg ser. 3, 7 (1925) 67; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 401; --Royen, Blumea 10 

(1960) 484. 

LUZON: Bataan, MASBATE. Primary forests at low and medium altitudes. Fl. Jan. 

Palaquium bataanense Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 17 (1904) 44; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. 

Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 37; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 395; --Royen, Blumea 10 

(1960) 527, Fig. 14. 

BATANES (no definite locality, based on BS 3668 Fenix (NY), LUZON: Bataan, 

SIBUYAN, PALAWAN, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Lanao (Butig). Dry hill forests at low 

altitudes. Recorded at 700-850m in Lanao. Fl.-Jan, Mar, Oct; Fr.-Mar., May, Jun. 

Palaquium calophyllum (Teijsm. & Binn.) Pierre, in Burcke, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 5 (1886) 

28; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 52, incl. var. typica & var. philippinense HJ 

Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 398; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 558, Fig. 20. 

Peninsular Malaysia, Moluccas (Ternate), New Guinea, Philippines: MINDANAO 

(Surigao, 20m). 

Palaquium cuneifolium Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 279; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 35, 254; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 391; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 585. 

Palaquium heterosepalum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 61; EPFP 3 (1923) 280; -- HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 38; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 395. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte; Ilocos Sur; Zambales (Botolan); Bulacan; Rizal (Montalban & 

adjacent mtns); Batangas (Tanauan), MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental (Paluan), PANAY: 

Iloilo (Mt Pulacan, Miag-ao), GUIMARAS, CEBU. In primary and secondary forests, or 

in swamp, 200-1200m. Fl. Dec.-Jan; Fr. Dec.-Mar. Possibly in Borneo (Sarawak), fide 

Royen. 

Palaquium cuprifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2817; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 279; --HJ Lam, Bull. 

Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 77; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 407; --Royen, 

Blumea 10 (1960) 479. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Humus-covered clay of forested ridges at 

300m. Fr. Jul. 

Palaquium dubardii Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 868; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 279; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. 


(1960) 583. 

LUZON: Zambales, PALAWAN (Mt Pulgar), SIBUYAN (Pauala River; Mt Giting-giting), 

PANAY, SAMAL. Primary forests, 200-600m, on red soil with gravelly subsoil on wooded 

banks. 

Palaquium elliptilimbum Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 46; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 412; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 490. 

LUZON: Rizal (Montalban), POLILLO (Anibawan).

Palaquium elongatum Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 257; EPFP 3 (1923) 279;--HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. 


(1960) 551. 

LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Quezon (E coast). In primary forests at low altitudes. 

Palaquium formosanum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 30 (1911-12) 184; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

280; 4 (1925) 245; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 472. 

Palaquium polyandrum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 30 (1911-12) 185, non C Robinson (1908). 

Palaquium paucivenosum HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 101, Fig. 29; Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 412. --Type: BS 4101 Fenix. Camiguin (SING). 

Taiwan, Lanyu, Lutao, and the Philippines. BATAN (Mt Iraya), CAMIGUIN DE 

BABUYANES, LUZON (based on Haenke 434 (NY), no definite locality. 

Palaquium foxworthyi Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 50; EPFP 3 (1923) 280; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. 

Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 98; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 411; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 

530. 

LUZON: Zambales, Bataan, Laguna, Quezon. Primary forests, ascending to 300m. 

Palaquium gigantifolium Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 6 (1903) 14; EPFP 3 (1923) 280; -- 

HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 75; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 407; --Royen, 

Blumea 10 (1960) 477. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mt Binuang; Lucban; Pagbilao), Laguna, CATANDUANES, 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Pinamalayan; Baco River; Alag River), MINDANAO. 

Recorded at 1000m in Laguna. Fl. Apr, Fr. May. 

Palaquium glabrifolium Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 46; EPFP 3 (1923) 280; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 46; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 398; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 583. 

PANAY: Capiz (Mt Macosolon, altitude 228m). Fl. Apr.-May. 

Palaquium glabrum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 61; -- HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 

(1925) 102; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 412; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 531. 

LUZON: Aurora (Mt Dingalan), Rizal. Primary forests at low altitudes. 

Palaquium globosum HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 76; Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 407; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 245; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 478. 

Palaquium retusum (non Becc.) Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 256; EPFP 3 (1923) 283; 4 (1925) 245. 

LUZON: Benguet, Pangasinan (Labrador). In forests and forested ravines, 300-1200m. 

Fl. in Mar., Nov., Dec.; Fr. in Nov. 

Palaquium lanceolatum Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 403; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 

ser. 3, 7 (1925) 103; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 412; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 541, 

Fig. 17. 

Madhuca pacifica Baehni, Boissiera 11 (1965) 36. –Type: BS 75240 Ramos & Edaño (SING*, holo for fruit). 

Catanduanes, Jul-Sept 1928. 

Palaquium pacificum Elmer, ined. 

LUZON: Bataan (Lamao River & Mt Mariveles), Rizal (San Mateo & Baras), Quezon 

(Mauban), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), CATANDUANES. Lowland rainforests. 

Palaquium loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 47; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 

ser. 3, 8 (1927) 413; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 525. --Type: Loher 13396 (K, Lecto). 

LUZON: Rizal. 

Palaquium luzoniense (Fern.-Villar) Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 176; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. 

Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 400; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 400; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 

526.

Palaquium ahernianum Merr., Philipp. For. Bur. Bull. 1 (1903) 46; EPFP 3 (1923) 278. 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Zambales, Bataan, Aurora, Rizal, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental 

(Bongabong River), MASBATE, SIBUYAN, PANAY: Iloilo (Mt Balutinao; Miag-ao), 

GUIMARAS (Sulangun Hill), MINDANAO: Zamboanga (Sta. Maria), Lanao, Agusan, 

Surigao. Primary forests at low and medium altitudes. Fl. Aug-Jan. 

Palaquium merrillii Dubard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 15 (1909) 381; -- HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 

ser. 3, 7 (1925) 96; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 411; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 534, Fig. 15. 

Palaquium lanceolatum (non Blanco) Merr. 

BATAN, LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), Quezon (Calauag), Camarines (Dalupaon & 

Pasacao), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), POLILLO (Karlagan), MINDORO, GUIMARAS, 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Butuan). 

Palaquium mindanaense Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 6 (1904) 15; EPFP 3 (1923) 281; -- 

HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 105; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 413; --Royen, 

Blumea 10 (1960) 524. --Type: Ahern 837 (PNH, holo, lost; lecto in NY*, isolecto: US*) 

MINDANAO: Lanao, Cotabato. Lowland primary rainforests. 

Palaquium montanum Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3102; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 281; --HJ Lam, Bull. 

Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 59; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 400; --Royen, 

Blumea 10 (1960) 463. 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). In forest, c. 1100m. Fl. 

Jun-Jul. 

Palaquium obovatum (Griff.) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 12 (1890) 511; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 245. 

var. orientale HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 84; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 455. 

Palaquium celebicum Burck; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 279; 4 (1925) 245. 

Palaquium theoideum Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 868; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 283 

Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula Isls, Buton, Muna, Ambon, Bacan, Ternate, Halmahera, 

Sumbawa, Aru Isls, Flores. 

LUZON: Rizal, MINDORO, SIBUYAN (Mt Giting-giting), SAMAR (Catubig River), 

CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO. Forested ridges, 1000-1300m. 

Palaquium obtusifolium Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 5 (1886) 33; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 100; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 515. 

Palaquium negrosense Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 63; EPFP 3 (1923) 281; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 99; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 411 

Sumatra, Java (cultivated), Bali, Sumbawa, Selayar, Philippines, Buton, Sulawesi, Sula 

Isls, Talaud, Ternate, Buru, Seram, Morotai, Tanimbar Isls, New Guinea. 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (San Carlos, type locality of P. negrosense); MINDANAO: 

Zamboanga. Lowland primary forests. 

Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.Robinson, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 304; -- HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 59, 255; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 400; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 

466, fig. 3. 

LUZON: Isabela, Bataan, Tarlac, Bulacan, Rizal, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines 

Sur, Albay, Sorsogon, MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental (Mt Calavite), PANAY: Capiz, 

NEGROS, LEYTE (Ormoc, Lake Danao), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Common in 

lowland and medium altitude primary forests. Fl. Aug-Sep. 

Palaquium pinnatinervium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2819; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 282; --HJ Lam, Bull. 

Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 55; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 399; --Royen, Blumea 10 

(1960) 487. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Primary forests up to 900m. Fr. Sept.

Palaquium polyandrum C Robinson, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 212; –Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 282; 4 

(1925) 245; -- HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 76; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 

8 (1927) 407; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 485. 

Palaquium lepidotum C Robinson, ined. 

Palaquium wenzelii Merr., ined. 

PANAY, LEYTE (Dagami, Tacloban), SAMAR (Mt Malignon), MINDANAO: Zamboanga 

(Malangas; Sax River & San Ramon), Misamis, Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley). 

Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). 

Palaquium pseudorostratum HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 393, Fig. 3; -- 

Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 586. 

Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak and Kalimantan) and the Philippines (no exact locality, based 

on Lay sn (BM), fr. 

Palaquium sorsogonense Elmer ex HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 65, Fig. 

13; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 401; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 283; 4 (1925) 245; -- 

Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 468. 

LUZON: Cagayan (Abulug), Quezon (Lucban), Camarines Sur (Mt Bagacay), Sorsogon 

(Mt Bulusan, type locality), BILIRAN (Mt Suiro), LEYTE (Mt Abucayan), SAMAR (Catubig 

River; Mt Cansayao), Lowland primary forests, swampy habitats, riverine forests, etc. Fl. 

Dec. 

Palaquium tenuipetiolatum Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 17 (1904) 45; EPFP 3 (1923) 

283; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 95; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 410; -- 

Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 529. 

Palaquium vulcanicum Elmer, msc. 

LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, MINDORO. Common in 

primary forests and dry hill forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Doubtful species: 

Palaquium vidalii Pierre ex Dubard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 15 (1909) 381; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 283; 

--HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 106; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 8 (1927) 

413; --Royen, Blumea 10 (1960) 598. 

Known only from original description. Type specimen, Vidal 9 (in P) not traced by 

Royen. Exact Philippine locality not known. 

Payena A de Candolle 

Revision: 

Bruggen, AC van. 1958. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. XV. 

Payena A de Candolle, Blumea 9: 89-138. 

Payena leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kurz, J. As. Soc. Beng. 40, 2 (1871) 69; --HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 137; 261; --Brugg, Blumea 9 (1958) 121. 

Madhuca leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 277. 

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Riau, Banka, Borneo, Philippines. 

PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low altitude primary forests. 

Planchonella Pierre 

Revision: 

Royen, P. van. 1957. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. VII. 

Planchonella Pierre, Blumea 8: 235-445.

Planchonella firma (Miq.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mars. 20 (1912) 59; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 245; 

--Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 316. 

var. firma 

Pouteria firma (Miq.) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 284. 

Planchonella fragrans (Elmer) HJ Lam, Proc. 6 th Pacific Sc. Congr. Berkeley (1939) 680. 

Sideroxylon fragrans Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 871; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 285. 

Sideroxylon gitingense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 873; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 285. 

Sideroxylon angustifolium Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.)_35 (1906) 56; EPFP 3 (1923) 284. 

Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, 

Solomon Isls. LUZON: Bataan, Camarines, SIBUYAN, NEGROS, LEYTE. Primary 

forests, including over ultramafics, altitude 200-500m; 1000-1150m 

Planchonella foxworthyi (Elmer) HJ Lam, Proc. 6 th Pacific Sci. Congr. Berkeley (1939) 678; 

--Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 319; --Sideroxylon foxworthyi Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1836; --Merr., EPFP 

3 (1923) 285. 

PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Bulidnon. Primary forests, altitude 300-800m. 

Planchonella linggensis (Burck) Pierre, Not. Bot. Sapot. (1890) 35; --Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 

384. 

Planchonella oxyedra Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mars. 20 (1912) 50, ---Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 246. 

Sideroxylon pittosporifolium Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 873; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 286. 

var. linggensis 

Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon, isls W end of New Guinea. 

LUZON: Laguna, Batangas, Camarines, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, MINDANAO: Surigao. 

Low and medium altitude forests. 

Planchonella mindanaensis HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 207, Fig. 57; -- 

Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 414; --Pouteria mindanaensis (HJ Lam) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 

(1942) 326; --Sideroxylon mindanaense Merr. ex HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 

207, Fig. 57; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 246. 

MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Lake Lanao). Low altitude forests. 

Planchonella nitida (Blume) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mars. 20 (1912) 62; --Royen, Blumea 8 

(1957) 362. 

Pouteria duclitan (Blanco) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 283; --Sideroxylon duclitan Blanco, Fl. 

Filip. (1837) 129; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 285; 4 (1925) 245. 

Sideroxylon balitbitan Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 130, 92, 169. 

Sideroxylon ramiflorum Merr., Gov. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 43. 

Bangladesh, Burma, Andaman Isls, Philippines. 

BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Batangas, 

Camarines, MINDORO, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Cotabato. Low and 

medium altitude forests. 

Planchonella obovata (R Br.) Pierre, Not. Bot. Sapot. (1890) 36; --Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 368; 

--Pouteria obovata (R Br.) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 324. 

Sideroxylon acuminatum Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1487; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 284. 

Sideroxylon ahernianum Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 55; EPFP 3 (1923) 284. 

Sideroxylon attenuatum DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 178. 

Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. & Arn., Bot. Capt. Beechey’s Voyage 6 (1841) 266, t. 55; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 285; 4 (1925) 245 

Sideroxylon merrillii (Dubard) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 286. 

Sideroxylon philippense (Dubard) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 287. 

Sideroxylon apoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2821; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 284. 

India, Bangladesh, Andaman Isls, Nicobar Isls, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Hainan, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Australia, Palau, Caroline Isls, Marianas

Isls, Bonin. 

Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. Beach forests and thickets, 

lowland to montane forests, ascending to 1350m. 

Planchonella velutina (Elmer) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 215; --Royen, 

Blumea 8 (1957) 411. 

Pouteria velutina (Elmer) Baehni, Mem. Sapot., Candollea 9 (1942) 380. 

Sideroxylon velutinum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1834; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 287; 4 (1925) 246. 

Sideroxylon bulusanense Elmer ex HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 215, in syn. 

var. velutina 

LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR. Low altitude 

forests. 

var. sarcocarpa (Merr.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 215; --Royen, Blumea 8 

(1957) 412; --Sideroxylon sarcocarpum Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 29. 

LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan). Low and médium altitude primary forests. 

Pouteria Aublet 

Revision: 

Herrmann-Erlee, MPM & P. van Royen, 1957. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area 

in a wider sense. IX. Pouteria Aublet, Blumea 8: 452-509. 

Pouteria luzoniensis (Merr.) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 365; --Herrman-Erlee & van 

Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 461; --Lucuma luzoniensis (Merr.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 

7 (1925) 227; --Sideroxylon luzoniense Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 222; EPFP 3 (1923) 286; 4 

(1925) 246 

var. luzoniensis 

Kangean, Bali, Borneo (Sabah), Philippines. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Pampanga, Rizal, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines, LUBANG, TICAO. 

Low and médium altitude thickets and forests. 

Pouteria macrantha (Merr.) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 328; -- Herrman-Erlee & van 

Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 485; --Lucuma macrantha (Merr.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 

7 (1925) 225; --Sideroxylon macranthum Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1905) 56; EPFP 3 

(1923) 286; 4 (1925) 246. 

Lucuma dolichosperma HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 7 (1925) 223, Fig. 60. 

Sideroxylon stenophyllum Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 258; EPFP 3 (1923) 287 

Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon. 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, 

MINDORO, SIBUYAN, TICAO, BALABAC. Low altitude primary forests, to c. 600 in 

Mindoro. 

Pouteria villamilii (Merr.) Baehni, Mem. Sapot. Candollea 9 (1942) 328; -- Herrman-Erlee & van 

Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 483; --Sideroxylon villamilii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) 59; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 287; 4 (1925) 246. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Bataan, Laguna, SIARGAO. Médium altitude primary forests. 

Cultivated: 

Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, Candollea 9 (1942) 398. 

var. nervosa (DC) Baehni, Candollea 9 (1942) 401; --Lucuma nervosa A DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 169. 

Xantholis Rafinesque

Revision: 

Royen, P van. 1957. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense. VI. 

Xantolis Rafinisque, Blumea 8: 207-234. 

Xantholis parvifolia (A DC) Royen, Blumea 8 (1957) 221; --Sideroxylon parvifolium (A DC) Fern.- 

Villar, Novis. App., --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 286. 

Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Batangas. Low altitude forests. 

Occasionally cultivated: 

Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 284. 

Introduced to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial times from Mexico. 

Occasionally planted in Luzon.

Family 239. SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum Linnaeus Native of the ...

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