the vascular flora of the natchez trace parkway - NPS Inventory and ...
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THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE<br />
NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY<br />
(Franklin, Tennessee to Natchez, Mississippi)<br />
Results <strong>of</strong> a Floristic <strong>Inventory</strong><br />
August 2004 - August 2006<br />
DATE SUBMITTED<br />
28 February 2008<br />
PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS<br />
Stephan L. Hatch<br />
Dale A. Kruse<br />
S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES), Texas A & M University<br />
2138 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2138<br />
SUBMITTED TO<br />
Gulf Coast <strong>Inventory</strong> <strong>and</strong> Monitoring Network<br />
Lafayette, Louisiana<br />
CONTRACT NUMBER<br />
J2115040013<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
© Dale A. Kruse 2007
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY<br />
The “Natchez Trace” has played an important role in transportation, trade, <strong>and</strong> communication in<br />
<strong>the</strong> region since pre-historic times. As <strong>the</strong> development <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> steamboats along <strong>the</strong> Mississippi River<br />
increased, travel on <strong>the</strong> Trace diminished <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> route began to be reclaimed by nature. A renewed<br />
interest in <strong>the</strong> Trace began during, <strong>and</strong> following, <strong>the</strong> Great Depression. In <strong>the</strong> early 1930’s, <strong>the</strong>n<br />
Mississippi congressman T. J. Busby promoted interest in <strong>the</strong> Trace from a historical perspective <strong>and</strong> also<br />
as an opportunity for employment in <strong>the</strong> area. Legislation was introduced by Busby to conduct a survey <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Trace <strong>and</strong> in 1936 actual construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> modern roadway began. Development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present<br />
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) which follows portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original route has continued since that time.<br />
The last segment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR was completed in 2005. The federal l<strong>and</strong>s that comprise <strong>the</strong> modern route<br />
total about 52,000 acres in 25 counties through <strong>the</strong> states <strong>of</strong> Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee. The<br />
route, about 445 miles long, is a manicured <strong>parkway</strong> with numerous associated rest stops, parks, <strong>and</strong><br />
monuments. Current l<strong>and</strong> use along <strong>the</strong> NATR includes upl<strong>and</strong> forest, mesic prairie, wetl<strong>and</strong> prairie,<br />
forested wetl<strong>and</strong>s, interspersed with numerous small agricultural cropl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
The National Park Service (<strong>NPS</strong>) contracted <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy Herbarium to conduct an inventory <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>vascular</strong> plants over <strong>the</strong> entire length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR. The inventory objectives were to document <strong>vascular</strong><br />
plant diversity within <strong>the</strong> NATR, ascertain <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> threatened <strong>and</strong> endangered <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa,<br />
<strong>and</strong> determine which <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extant plant species were invasive. These objectives were achieved through a<br />
combination <strong>of</strong> a literature search, herbarium search, <strong>and</strong> an intensive field inventory.<br />
Five (5) trips to <strong>the</strong> NATR were conducted beginning in August 2004 <strong>and</strong> ending in October 2005,<br />
to make field collections. Collections were made over <strong>the</strong> entire length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR on each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five<br />
trips. Vouchers were collected <strong>and</strong> processed in <strong>the</strong> field for subsequent identification at <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy<br />
Herbarium. Verification <strong>of</strong> several specimens required trips to Ft. Worth, Texas to utilize <strong>the</strong> collections<br />
housed at <strong>the</strong> Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas (BRIT). Processing <strong>of</strong> vouchers involved identification,<br />
label preparation, <strong>and</strong> mounting. These tasks were performed in accordance with <strong>NPS</strong> protocol. Vouchers<br />
for <strong>the</strong> study comprise a total <strong>of</strong> 167 families, 750 genera, <strong>and</strong> 2197 taxa (including infraspecific taxa).<br />
Significant increases in <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> grasses (Poaceae) <strong>and</strong> sedges (Cyperaceae) were added by <strong>the</strong><br />
study team. Vouchers were collected by <strong>the</strong> team for 1154 native taxa, 212 introduced taxa <strong>and</strong> 8 taxa<br />
considered both native <strong>and</strong> introduced. Previous <strong>NPS</strong>pecies (<strong>NPS</strong> Database) records account for an<br />
additional 642 native taxa, 173 introduced taxa, <strong>and</strong> 6 considered both native <strong>and</strong> introduced taxa.<br />
2
Field observations were made <strong>of</strong> two possible locations in Tennessee where Apios priceana B.L.<br />
Robbins (a federally listed endangered species) may exist. However, impacts on <strong>the</strong> two sites due to<br />
haying <strong>and</strong> roadside maintenance made <strong>the</strong> subsequent verification <strong>of</strong> this species impossible. The study<br />
team recommends <strong>the</strong> <strong>NPS</strong> reassess its maintenance activities with respect to mowing at sites where A.<br />
priceana may exist. Persistence <strong>of</strong> this, <strong>and</strong> any o<strong>the</strong>r endangered species, is doubtful if such sites are<br />
continually mowed to an 8 inch stubble height.<br />
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
An inventory <strong>of</strong> this magnitude would be impossible without <strong>the</strong> assistance <strong>of</strong> numerous<br />
individuals. The authors wish to express <strong>the</strong>ir thanks to <strong>the</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> National Park Service’s Gulf Coast<br />
<strong>Inventory</strong> <strong>and</strong> Monitoring Network (Paul Conzelman – retired, Whitney Granger) <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway (Kurt Foote, Bill Whitworth, C. E. Miller Smith ) who provided invaluable logistics <strong>and</strong> resources<br />
both in <strong>the</strong> field, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice. A special thanks goes out to Whitney Granger, whose guidance <strong>and</strong><br />
patience was, <strong>and</strong> still is, essential to <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> this inventory.<br />
Throughout <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this project numerous graduate <strong>and</strong> undergraduate students from Texas<br />
A & M University provided much needed assistance in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>and</strong> laboratory. Nena M. Phillips was<br />
involved in <strong>the</strong> project from <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>and</strong> her knowledge, skills, <strong>and</strong> attention to detail were a critical<br />
asset. Mark Tietz, Callie Monk, Kayla Kruse, Mindy Gallardo, Ashley Mock, Tracy Evans, <strong>and</strong> Darren<br />
Pawlik spent countless hours in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>and</strong> herbarium collecting specimens, processing vouchers,<br />
entering data, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r less than glamorous tasks which facilitated completion <strong>of</strong> this inventory. Guy<br />
Nesom, Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas, provided expert assistance with <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> several<br />
Symphyotrichum specimens whose identity had eluded <strong>the</strong> authors. The curators <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following herbaria<br />
provided specimen data or answered our inquiries: APCR, APSC, AUA, BBG, BRIT, DSC, ETSU, GH,<br />
HALA, HEND, HGCRL, HTTU, IBE, LAF, LRU, LSU, LSUS, LTU, MISS, MISSA, MMNS, MEM, MO, MTSU,<br />
NLU, NO, NY, STAR, SWMT, SWSL, TENN, THIB, TROY, UAM, UARK, UCHT, UNA, UNAF, UOS, US.<br />
And last, but definitely not least, our sincere appreciation to our wives, Nora Lee Hatch <strong>and</strong> Maggie<br />
Kruse, who steadfastly supported our ambitions, despite many long hours at <strong>the</strong> herbarium <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> time<br />
spent away from home while in <strong>the</strong> field.<br />
4
A. Kruse 2004<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5<br />
LIST OF FIGURES 6<br />
LIST OF TABLES 7<br />
1.0 INTRODUCTION 8<br />
1.1 History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 8<br />
1.2 L<strong>and</strong> Use along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 10<br />
1.3 Climate 13<br />
2.0 METHODS 15<br />
2.1 Literature Review 15<br />
2.2 Herbaria Search 15<br />
2.3 Field <strong>and</strong> Laboratory Methods 16<br />
2.3.1 Field Collection Schedule <strong>and</strong> Methods 16<br />
2.3.2 Specimen Identification 16<br />
2.3.3 Voucher Processing 17<br />
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18<br />
3.1 Literature Search 18<br />
3.1.1 Review <strong>of</strong> National Park Service Sources 18<br />
3.1.2 Review <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, Alabama, <strong>and</strong> Mississippi State Floras 19<br />
3.1.3 Review <strong>of</strong> Regional (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States) Floras 19<br />
3.2 Herbaria Search 20<br />
3.3 Field Collections 22<br />
3.3.1 Field Schedule <strong>and</strong> Collecting Effort 22<br />
3.3.2 Taxonomic Distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 24<br />
3.3.3 Nativity <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 25<br />
3.3.4 Longevity <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 26<br />
3.3.5 Growth Habit <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 26<br />
3.3.6 Endemism <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 27<br />
3.3.7 Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 28<br />
3.3.8 Weedy <strong>and</strong> Invasive Taxa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 29<br />
3.3.9 Verification <strong>of</strong> Vouchers at NATR Headquarters 30<br />
4.0 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY 32<br />
5.0 REFERENCES 138<br />
APPENDICES<br />
Appendix A Collection Locations by State, County, <strong>and</strong> Date 141<br />
Appendix B Endemic Vascular Plants <strong>of</strong> Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee 186<br />
Appendix C Locations <strong>of</strong> Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa on <strong>the</strong><br />
Natchez Trace Parkway 190<br />
Appendix D Alphabetical List (by Genus) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 196<br />
5
LIST OF FIGURES<br />
Figure 1 The Natchez Trace Parkway in <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States 9<br />
Figure 2 Moderate to Heavily Forested Sites 11<br />
Figure 3 Mesic Upl<strong>and</strong> Prairies 11<br />
Figure 4 Lowl<strong>and</strong> Wet Prairies 12<br />
Figure 5 Forested Wetl<strong>and</strong>s 12<br />
Figure 6 Maintained Roadsides 12<br />
Figure 7 Natural Areas 12<br />
Figure 8 Hay Prairies 12<br />
Figure 9 Grain <strong>and</strong> Fiber Crops 12<br />
Figure 10 Un-mown Prairie Site - August 2004 24<br />
Figure 11 Mowed Prairie Site - July 2005 24<br />
6
LIST OF TABLES<br />
Table 1 Natchez Trace Parkway Mileage by County <strong>and</strong> State 10<br />
Table 2 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 Monthly Temperatures <strong>of</strong> Five Large Cities<br />
along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 13<br />
Table 3 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 Monthly Precipitation <strong>of</strong> Five Large Cities<br />
along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 14<br />
Table 4 Summary <strong>of</strong> Request for Specimen Records 21<br />
Table 5 Summary <strong>of</strong> Field Dates <strong>and</strong> Sampling Effort 23<br />
Table 6 Summary <strong>of</strong> Collections by Division 24<br />
Table 7 Comparison <strong>of</strong> Study Collections to <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway Headquarters Collections 25<br />
Table 8 Summary <strong>of</strong> Nativity by Division 26<br />
Table 9 Summary <strong>of</strong> Longevity by Division 26<br />
Table 10 Summary <strong>of</strong> Growth Habit by Division 26<br />
Table 11 Records <strong>of</strong> Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa<br />
on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway 29<br />
Table 12 Verification <strong>of</strong> Voucher Specimens at NATR Headquarters 31<br />
7
1.0 INTRODUCTION<br />
1.1 History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
The influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Natchez Trace” (Trace) in our nation’s westward expansion <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
associated economic <strong>and</strong> political development is <strong>of</strong>ten understated. Since its earliest beginnings, <strong>the</strong><br />
Trace has played a vital role in transportation, trade, <strong>and</strong> communications at a local, regional, <strong>and</strong> even<br />
national level. In use since pre-historic times, <strong>the</strong> Trace has been witness to a diverse array <strong>of</strong> travelers<br />
from many important eras in our nation’s history. As an economic route serving its earliest users, <strong>the</strong><br />
American Indian, to its use by a multitude <strong>of</strong> European <strong>and</strong> American travelers, <strong>the</strong> Trace has provided a<br />
viable <strong>and</strong> convenient means <strong>of</strong> north to south travel. In contemporary times <strong>the</strong> roadway <strong>and</strong> associated<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s have preserved countless examples <strong>of</strong> our nation’s scenic <strong>and</strong> historical treasures. Throughout<br />
history, <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) has entwined its way in <strong>the</strong> lives <strong>and</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people <strong>and</strong><br />
places <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States.<br />
As a vast network <strong>of</strong> intertwined trails, <strong>the</strong> early Trace was used by American Indians as a major<br />
trade route between <strong>the</strong> various regional Indian nations. Around 1540, Hern<strong>and</strong>o DeSoto is believed to be<br />
<strong>the</strong> first European to travel part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> route in his exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States. In <strong>the</strong> late<br />
1600’s <strong>the</strong> French used <strong>the</strong> Trace to travel southward from <strong>the</strong>ir settlements in <strong>the</strong> St. Lawrence Valley,<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revolutionary War saw use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>trace</strong> by troops in eastern Tennessee (Crutchfield 1985).<br />
Numerous merchants from Nashville, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r up-stream locales, transported <strong>the</strong>ir wares down <strong>the</strong><br />
Mississippi River to ports such as Natchez, Mississippi or New Orleans, Louisiana. Upon arriving at <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
destination <strong>the</strong>se merchants would market <strong>the</strong>ir goods, selling everything including <strong>the</strong>ir boats or rafts<br />
which were sold for <strong>the</strong> lumber, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n return to <strong>the</strong>ir homes on foot or horseback along <strong>the</strong> Trace (NATR<br />
staff 2002). In addition, countless un-named merchants, slave traders, l<strong>and</strong> speculators, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
“businessmen” utilized <strong>the</strong> Trace as a means <strong>of</strong> north-south travel. Not to be left out, unscrupulous robbers<br />
<strong>and</strong> thieves took advantage <strong>of</strong> many weary <strong>and</strong> un-wary travelers along <strong>the</strong> way. A few prominent <strong>and</strong> well<br />
known personalities such as Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis, John J. Audubon, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
used <strong>the</strong> route at one time or ano<strong>the</strong>r. In 1800, Congress established <strong>the</strong> Trace as a postal route <strong>and</strong><br />
charged <strong>the</strong> United States Army to clear a new road from Nashville to Natchez. After <strong>the</strong> Revolutionary<br />
War use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trace was encouraged as a means <strong>of</strong> increased transportation <strong>and</strong> communication between<br />
settlements in <strong>the</strong> east <strong>and</strong> Natchez to <strong>the</strong> west. Following <strong>the</strong> defense <strong>of</strong> New Orleans in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812,<br />
American troops used <strong>the</strong> Trace to return to <strong>the</strong>ir homes in <strong>the</strong> north.<br />
8
As <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> travelers increased, more people began utilizing horses <strong>and</strong> wagons as <strong>the</strong><br />
preferred method <strong>of</strong> transportation. The route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trace would also change, with changes in <strong>the</strong><br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r. Old paths would become too muddy <strong>and</strong> eventually covered in ruts, too deep for wagons to pass.<br />
In response travelers would create new routes to bypass <strong>the</strong>se sections, <strong>and</strong> continue on. Throughout<br />
history <strong>the</strong> actual location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trace, or individual sections, has <strong>of</strong>ten been dynamic. Many such<br />
changes were driven, at least in part, by changes in <strong>the</strong> modes <strong>of</strong> transportation utilized over time. By<br />
1820, as technological developments advanced, steam boats were in common use along <strong>the</strong> Mississippi<br />
River <strong>and</strong> made up river travel much more practical. As a result, traffic along <strong>the</strong> Trace began to diminish<br />
(NATR staff 2002). Following <strong>the</strong> diminishing travel on <strong>the</strong> Trace, <strong>the</strong> route fell into disrepair <strong>and</strong> nature<br />
began to reclaim <strong>the</strong> route.<br />
Figure 1: The Natchez Trace Parkway in <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States<br />
Natchez, MS ●<br />
Tupelo, MS ●<br />
Nashville, TN ●<br />
● Jackson, MS<br />
After decades <strong>of</strong> decline, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> onset <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Depression, interest in <strong>the</strong> Trace was<br />
renewed. In <strong>the</strong> early 1930’s <strong>the</strong>n Mississippi Congressman Thomas Jefferson Busby, a native <strong>of</strong><br />
Tishomingo County, entered legislation calling for an initial survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> route. Prompted at least in part as<br />
a means <strong>of</strong> providing badly needed jobs for large numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region’s unemployed, on May 21, 1934<br />
<strong>the</strong> 73rd United States Congress commissioned <strong>the</strong> National Park Service (<strong>NPS</strong>) to make a survey <strong>of</strong> “<strong>the</strong><br />
9<br />
● Muscle Shoals, AL<br />
Natchez Trace Parkway ───
old Indian trail known as <strong>the</strong> Old Natchez Trace - with a view to constructing a national road on this route to<br />
be known as <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway” (NATR staff 2002). The initial survey was completed in 1935<br />
<strong>and</strong> later that year Congress allocated an initial sum <strong>of</strong> $1,286,686 for <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first three<br />
phases in Mississippi. Actual construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “modern” roadway was initiated in 1936 with <strong>the</strong><br />
expressed goal “to commemorate <strong>the</strong> historical significance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old Natchez Trace” (NATR staff 2002).<br />
Some sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present day Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) follow <strong>the</strong> original route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old<br />
Natchez Trace, while o<strong>the</strong>rs parallel or intersect preserved lengths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original route. The last segment<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> modern NATR roadway was completed in May <strong>of</strong> 2005, nearly 71 years after Congress’ initial<br />
authorization. The final completed route covers approximately 445 miles stretching from its sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
terminus at Natchez, Mississippi (N 31° 41’ 13.1”, W 91° 11’ 21.6”) to its nor<strong>the</strong>rn terminus just south <strong>of</strong><br />
Nashville, Tennessee (N 36° 01’ 45.1”, W 86° 58’ 29.2”). Following a sinuous course, <strong>the</strong> NATR crosses<br />
through 25 counties in three sou<strong>the</strong>astern US states; Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee. Table 1,<br />
summarizes <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> NATR mileage by county <strong>and</strong> state.<br />
Table 1: Natchez Trace Parkway Mileage by County <strong>and</strong> State<br />
Mississippi Alabama Tennessee<br />
Adams 0.0 10.5<br />
Colbert 309.0 328.0 Wayne 341.8 371.2<br />
Jefferson 10.5 31.9<br />
Lauderdale 328.0 341.8 Lawrence 371.2 376.5<br />
Claiborne 31.9 61.1<br />
Lewis 376.5 398.8<br />
Hinds 61.1 95.0<br />
Hickman 398.8 401.3<br />
Madison 95.0 133.3<br />
Maury 401.3 401.9<br />
Leake 133.3 152.1<br />
Hickman 401.9 407.6<br />
Attala 152.1 180.3<br />
Maury 407.6 407.8<br />
Choctaw 180.3 203.6<br />
Hickman 407.8 409.5<br />
Webster 203.6 218.9<br />
Maury 409.5 420.4<br />
Clay 218.9 221.2<br />
Williamson 420.4 441.6<br />
Chickasaw 221.2 245.9<br />
Davidson 441.6 444.0<br />
Pontotoc 245.9 251.4<br />
Lee 251.4 278.9<br />
Itawamba 278.9 283.8<br />
Prentiss 283.8 292.7<br />
Tishomingo 292.7 309.0<br />
Total State Mileage 309.0<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> NATR 69.6<br />
Total State Mileage 32.8<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> NATR 7.4<br />
1.2 L<strong>and</strong> Use along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
10<br />
Total State Mileage 102.2<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> NATR 23.0<br />
The federal l<strong>and</strong>s that comprise <strong>the</strong> NATR average 412.5 feet on ei<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roadway for a<br />
total area <strong>of</strong> approximately 52,000 acres (Bachleda 2005). Although largely a linear “park” <strong>the</strong> inclusion <strong>of</strong><br />
several parks <strong>and</strong> monuments such as Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National Monument in Tennessee; Jeff Busby,<br />
<strong>and</strong> Rocky Springs Parks in Mississppi; create much larger tracts <strong>of</strong> property in close association with <strong>the</strong><br />
roadway. The general l<strong>and</strong> use adjacent to <strong>the</strong> NATR consists <strong>of</strong> mostly rural l<strong>and</strong> composed <strong>of</strong> moderate
to heavily forested sites (Figure 2) interspersed with mesic upl<strong>and</strong> prairies (Figure 3), lowl<strong>and</strong> wet prairies<br />
(Figure 4), <strong>and</strong> forested wetl<strong>and</strong>s (Figure 5). At several points along <strong>the</strong> route <strong>the</strong> roadway runs adjacent<br />
to, or crosses, open water sites such as <strong>the</strong> Ross Barnett Reservior, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tenn-Tom Waterway, both in<br />
Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tennessee River in extreme northwestern Alabama. Portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR also<br />
traverse sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tombigbee National Forest <strong>and</strong> Tishomingo State Park in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Mississippi.<br />
Although primarily passing through rural agricultural l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> NATR approaches very near numerous small<br />
communities throughout its route <strong>and</strong> passes directly through <strong>the</strong> major cities <strong>of</strong> Jackson <strong>and</strong> Tupelo,<br />
Mississippi.<br />
In keeping with <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> a “scenic roadway” throughout <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR, <strong>the</strong><br />
roadsides are regularly mowed for varying distances from <strong>the</strong> paved roadway (Figure 6). Beyond <strong>the</strong>se<br />
regularly maintained roadsides, <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR is kept in a somewhat “natural” condition (Figure<br />
7). The lateral distance <strong>of</strong> this “maintenance” varies depending on <strong>the</strong> local topography, existing tree<br />
cover, water bodies, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> actual property boundaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR. Interspersed with <strong>the</strong> natural<br />
vegetation are numerous, small to moderately sized, acreages which are leased to local agriculturally<br />
based private interests. The frequency <strong>and</strong> acreage <strong>of</strong> individual tracts varies, but <strong>the</strong>re is a general<br />
increase in both frequency <strong>and</strong> size moving from <strong>the</strong> north to <strong>the</strong> south. This trend is assumed to be <strong>the</strong><br />
result <strong>of</strong> topography, elevation, <strong>and</strong> local soil characteristics. These sites are typically utilized as ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
prairie for hay (Figure 8), or converted for production <strong>of</strong> various grain <strong>and</strong> fiber crops (Figure 9). This<br />
agricultural use is very evident in some areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR, especially in extensive sections <strong>of</strong> Mississippi<br />
which are leased to local farmers for row crops such as corn, soybeans, <strong>and</strong> cotton.<br />
Figure 2: Moderate to Heavily Forested Sites Figure 3: Mesic Upl<strong>and</strong> Prairies<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
11
Figure 4: Lowl<strong>and</strong> Wet Prairies<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
12<br />
Figure 5: Forested Wetl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Figure 6: Maintained Roadsides Figure 7: Natural Areas<br />
Figure 8: Grain <strong>and</strong> Fiber Crops Figure 9: Hay Prairies<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007 © Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007
A. Kruse 2004<br />
1.3 Climate<br />
Due to <strong>the</strong> liner configuration, <strong>and</strong> north to south orientation, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
(NATR) <strong>the</strong>re is <strong>of</strong>ten a significant difference in <strong>the</strong> climate from north to south. The following climatological<br />
data were summarized from <strong>the</strong> National Oceanic <strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data<br />
Center (NOAA 2006). While <strong>the</strong> average temperature for Nashville, TN (near <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn terminus) is 49.1<br />
°F in March, <strong>the</strong> average temperature for Natchez, MS (<strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn terminus) is 58.1 °F (all averages are<br />
from 1999-2003). This difference in average temperature plays an important role in <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> growing<br />
season in any given year. As an example, on <strong>the</strong> March 2005 collection trip, <strong>the</strong> north collection team was<br />
collecting plants in <strong>the</strong> snow at <strong>the</strong> beginning © Stephan <strong>of</strong> L. <strong>the</strong> Hatch trip, 2004<br />
while <strong>the</strong> lower NATR collection team was<br />
encountering temperatures in <strong>the</strong> mid-50’s to 60’s. As a result, <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> on <strong>the</strong> generally sou<strong>the</strong>rn portions<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR was fur<strong>the</strong>r advanced than <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> in <strong>the</strong> more nor<strong>the</strong>rn sections. To illustrate this difference<br />
in growing seasons; on <strong>the</strong> May 2005 collection trip, <strong>the</strong> entire NATR was examined by <strong>the</strong> upper NATR<br />
collection team. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this trip casual observations were made concerning <strong>the</strong> developmental<br />
stage <strong>of</strong> one particular taxon, <strong>the</strong> slender rush (Juncus tenuis Willd). Observation <strong>of</strong> plants in <strong>the</strong> field<br />
indicated <strong>the</strong> taxon was under-developed <strong>and</strong> relatively immature in Tennessee. As <strong>the</strong> team progressed<br />
south, towards Alabama <strong>and</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn Mississippi, J. tenuis had matured significantly to <strong>the</strong> point where<br />
specimens in this middle section were in excellent condition. Finally, as <strong>the</strong> team reached <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
terminus, J. tenuis had become very mature. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se observations were made within a 10 day time<br />
span, which shows <strong>the</strong> great variation over <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 445 mile Parkway. Tables 2 <strong>and</strong> 3 summarize<br />
average monthly temperatures <strong>and</strong> precipitation (1999-2003) <strong>and</strong> yearly figures for 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 for five<br />
major cities along, or near, <strong>the</strong> route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
Table 2: 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 Monthly Temperatures <strong>of</strong> Five Large Cities along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
City Temperature/Month J F M A M J J A S O N D<br />
Nashville,<br />
TN<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
38.4<br />
38.6<br />
43.4<br />
43.2<br />
40.7<br />
45.0<br />
49.1<br />
53.3<br />
47.6<br />
61.2<br />
59.4<br />
59.7<br />
67.8<br />
71.7<br />
66.1<br />
75.0<br />
75.6<br />
76.9<br />
80.1<br />
77.7<br />
81.1<br />
79.5<br />
74.3<br />
81.8<br />
71.7<br />
72.1<br />
75.1<br />
60.8<br />
64.5<br />
61.1<br />
51.2<br />
53.6<br />
*<br />
40.0<br />
40.0<br />
*<br />
Muscle<br />
Shoals,<br />
AL<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
39.8<br />
41.3<br />
46.9<br />
45.5<br />
42.5<br />
48.3<br />
51.7<br />
56.0<br />
51.5<br />
63.3<br />
60.6<br />
61.1<br />
69.8<br />
73.9<br />
68.0<br />
75.8<br />
75.8<br />
76.3<br />
79.8<br />
77.9<br />
80.6<br />
79.7<br />
74.9<br />
82.0<br />
73.0<br />
72.9<br />
75.5<br />
62.3<br />
66.6<br />
61.7<br />
52.8<br />
55.8<br />
*<br />
42.0<br />
42.6<br />
*<br />
Tupelo,<br />
MS<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
42.1<br />
42.0<br />
47.6<br />
47.2<br />
42.6<br />
49.5<br />
52.5<br />
56.3<br />
53.1<br />
65.8<br />
60.4<br />
62.1<br />
70.4<br />
72.5<br />
69.2<br />
76.9<br />
76.6<br />
78.0<br />
81.3<br />
79.1<br />
81.9<br />
81.3<br />
75.7<br />
83.7<br />
74.0<br />
73.0<br />
77.9<br />
63.4<br />
67.5<br />
63.6<br />
56.5<br />
57.6<br />
*<br />
42.6<br />
43.1<br />
*<br />
Jackson,<br />
MS<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
46.5<br />
47.2<br />
51.0<br />
51.3<br />
46.5<br />
52.1<br />
56.2<br />
60.5<br />
55.1<br />
66.3<br />
63.0<br />
63.0<br />
73.2<br />
72.8<br />
70.5<br />
78.3<br />
77.9<br />
78.8<br />
81.9<br />
80.5<br />
82.6<br />
82.4<br />
77.6<br />
82.9<br />
75.7<br />
76.0<br />
78.3<br />
65.2<br />
72.1<br />
64.9<br />
55.8<br />
58.9<br />
*<br />
46.4<br />
46.6<br />
*<br />
Natchez, Average<br />
49.2 53.6 58.1 66.8 73.5 77.6 80.8 79.9 74.6 65.6 56.5 48.6<br />
MS 2004<br />
47.8 46.6 62.0 63.4 72.6 77.9 80.2 77.7 75.8 72.7 60.0 47.7<br />
2005<br />
51.8 53.2 55.5 62.8 69.8 77.7 81.4 82.6 78.9 63.9 * *<br />
* Data are not available for <strong>the</strong>se months. Averages were calculated from N.O.A.A. 1999-2003. Adapted from N.O.A.A. 1999-2005.<br />
13
Table 3: 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 Monthly Precipitation <strong>of</strong> Five Large Cities along <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
City Year J F M A M J J A S O N D<br />
Nashville,<br />
TN<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
4.51<br />
3.6<br />
4.42<br />
5.02<br />
5.77<br />
3.84<br />
4.41<br />
4.81<br />
3.9<br />
3.99<br />
6.69<br />
6.93<br />
6.45<br />
6.9<br />
1.03<br />
4.12<br />
3.39<br />
2.7<br />
3.34<br />
3.19<br />
4.39<br />
3.22<br />
4.24<br />
6.89<br />
4.13<br />
4.55<br />
4.44<br />
2.64<br />
4.9<br />
0.02<br />
4.31<br />
5.31<br />
*<br />
3.65<br />
5.93<br />
*<br />
Muscle<br />
Shoals,<br />
AL<br />
Tupelo,<br />
MS<br />
Jackson,<br />
MS<br />
Natchez,<br />
MS<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
Average<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
4.73<br />
3.07<br />
3.48<br />
6.02<br />
3.06<br />
5.38<br />
4.52<br />
4.23<br />
3.72<br />
5.38<br />
6.47<br />
3.09<br />
7.38<br />
7.66<br />
4.68<br />
4.87<br />
6.43<br />
4.72<br />
3.88<br />
6.5<br />
4.9<br />
3.81<br />
10.39<br />
6.56<br />
7.04<br />
5.28<br />
2.16<br />
5.62<br />
5.68<br />
1.85<br />
5.97<br />
1.23<br />
7.68<br />
7.23<br />
2.13<br />
5.21<br />
4.26<br />
2.63<br />
4.8<br />
6.51<br />
3.01<br />
5.99<br />
5.25<br />
2.89<br />
7.33<br />
8.31<br />
4.13<br />
2.66<br />
14<br />
4.67<br />
4.95<br />
0.82<br />
5.37<br />
6.23<br />
0.87<br />
3.7<br />
9.25<br />
3.22<br />
3.91<br />
10.52<br />
5.99<br />
* Data are not available for <strong>the</strong>se months. Averages were calculated from N.O.A.A. 1999-2003. Adapted from N.O.A.A. 1999-2005.<br />
2.0 METHODS<br />
5.19<br />
8.83<br />
4.89<br />
4.74<br />
8.63<br />
5.1<br />
5.37<br />
5.96<br />
1.66<br />
6.33<br />
8.84<br />
1.94<br />
4.34<br />
7.15<br />
2.71<br />
3.25<br />
3.95<br />
8.45<br />
5.5<br />
5.43<br />
4.59<br />
3.91<br />
4.57<br />
3.69<br />
2.65<br />
4.88<br />
5.53<br />
11.99<br />
3.77<br />
5.83<br />
3.32<br />
7.7<br />
7.89<br />
5.23<br />
2.42<br />
1.65<br />
3.52<br />
6.03<br />
3.71<br />
4.07<br />
2.09<br />
4.28<br />
4.54<br />
1.41<br />
3.14<br />
4.06<br />
1.18<br />
8.95<br />
2.49<br />
5.54<br />
0.01<br />
3.99<br />
7.1<br />
0.02<br />
4.23<br />
4.81<br />
*<br />
3.72<br />
7.22<br />
*<br />
4.62<br />
7.05<br />
*<br />
5.36<br />
8.84<br />
*<br />
5.12<br />
8.14<br />
*<br />
6.88<br />
10.32<br />
*<br />
The <strong>NPS</strong> has inventoried selected groups <strong>of</strong> organisms in park units within its jurisdiction. Many <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se inventories focused on <strong>the</strong> vertebrate fauna <strong>and</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> <strong>flora</strong> in various units <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>NPS</strong> system.<br />
The NATR has not completed a comprehensive floristic inventory since its establishment as a unit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
National Park Service in 1938. Therefore, as part <strong>of</strong> this initiative, in August 2004, <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy<br />
Herbarium at Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, was contracted by <strong>the</strong> National Park<br />
Service’s Gulf Coast <strong>Inventory</strong> <strong>and</strong> Monitoring Network to conduct an inventory <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants along <strong>the</strong><br />
entire length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway.<br />
<strong>Inventory</strong> Objectives<br />
● Documentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plant diversity within <strong>the</strong> <strong>parkway</strong>’s boundaries – Changes in l<strong>and</strong><br />
use on a local as well as regional level <strong>of</strong>ten have negative impacts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> native <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> any given<br />
region. The NATR, due to its unique configuration, geographic location, <strong>and</strong> close proximity to<br />
adjacent properties, is particularly susceptible to changes in adjacent l<strong>and</strong> use <strong>and</strong> commercial<br />
development.<br />
● Ascertain <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> endangered or threatened <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa - Management <strong>of</strong><br />
current <strong>and</strong> future mainternance activities, in addition to <strong>parkway</strong> construction projects, would<br />
4.11<br />
7.88<br />
*<br />
5.17<br />
10.81<br />
*<br />
4.07<br />
5.23<br />
*<br />
4.38<br />
7.24<br />
*
undoubtedly have negative impacts on taxa that have a limited distribution or highly specific habitat<br />
requirements.<br />
● Determine what existing <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa within <strong>the</strong> <strong>parkway</strong> are considered invasive. The<br />
<strong>NPS</strong> has gone to great efforts to control <strong>the</strong> invasion <strong>of</strong> many plant taxa such as; tree <strong>of</strong> heaven<br />
[Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle] <strong>and</strong> kudzu [Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.)<br />
Maesen & S. Almeida] (personal communication Whitworth 2004).<br />
This inventory encompassed a parkwide inventory <strong>of</strong> all <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa, with an additional<br />
emphasis on plant taxa listed as threatened or endangered on ei<strong>the</strong>r federal or individual state lists, <strong>and</strong><br />
identification <strong>of</strong> taxa considered invasive. The inventory consisted <strong>of</strong> three primary methods <strong>of</strong><br />
investigation: 1) a literature review, 2) a herbaria search, <strong>and</strong> 3) an intensive field inventory.<br />
2.1 Literature Review<br />
A review <strong>of</strong> available literature was conducted to determine any <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa that have been<br />
previously documented on <strong>the</strong> NATR. Searches <strong>of</strong> scientific journals, relevant national, regional, <strong>and</strong> local<br />
<strong>flora</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> several un-published <strong>NPS</strong> reports provided by <strong>the</strong> NATR staff were reviewed for verifiable<br />
records <strong>of</strong> collections within NATR boundaries.<br />
2.2 Herbaria Search<br />
A written request for existing records <strong>of</strong> plant specimens was sent to 4 national, <strong>and</strong> 38 regional,<br />
herbaria. Specimen records were requested from regional herbaria in Alabama (8), Arkansas (6), Louisiana<br />
(7), Mississippi (7), Tennessee (9), <strong>and</strong> Texas (1). The Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas (BRIT) was<br />
included because <strong>the</strong> collection formerly housed at V<strong>and</strong>erbilt University (VDB), Nashville, TN is currently<br />
being curated at BRIT. The same request was made to four national herbaria; <strong>the</strong> New York Botanical<br />
Garden (NY), <strong>the</strong> Smithsonian Institution (US), Harvard University Herbaria (HUH), <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Missouri<br />
Botanical Garden (MO) since <strong>the</strong>se larger collections typically house a much wider geographic <strong>and</strong><br />
taxonomic representation than many smaller herbaria. The request specifically targeted records <strong>of</strong> any<br />
<strong>vascular</strong> plants <strong>and</strong> endangered taxa in <strong>the</strong> states <strong>of</strong> Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee. The search<br />
criteria were; 1) any records <strong>of</strong> specimens collected in <strong>the</strong> counties through which <strong>the</strong> NATR traversed, <strong>and</strong><br />
2) a listing <strong>of</strong> any threatened or endangered taxa accounts for those states. The list <strong>of</strong> herbaria searched<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> appropriate herbarium acronyms were taken from Index Herbariorum (IH 2004).<br />
15<br />
Comment [WG1]: Were <strong>the</strong>re any<br />
vouchers found as part if this search? If<br />
so, where is <strong>the</strong> data?
Records <strong>of</strong> extant <strong>vascular</strong> plant vouchers curated at <strong>the</strong> NATR headquarters were obtained in<br />
electronic format <strong>and</strong> incorporated into <strong>the</strong> cummulative list <strong>of</strong> taxa.<br />
2.3 Field <strong>and</strong> Laboratory Methods<br />
2.3.1 Field Collection Schedule <strong>and</strong> Methods<br />
Two groups <strong>of</strong> collectors were utilized to efficiently use <strong>the</strong> time available for making collections.<br />
On each trip, one group began at <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn terminus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR (just south <strong>of</strong> Franklin, Tennessee –<br />
mile marker 442), while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r group began at <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn terminus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR (just north <strong>of</strong> Natchez,<br />
Mississippi – mile marker 0). The two groups <strong>the</strong>n made collections along <strong>the</strong> NATR until each group had<br />
completed approximately one-half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> route (approximately 40 miles south <strong>of</strong> Tupelo,<br />
Mississippi – mile marker 225). Due to <strong>the</strong> large distance to be covered, specific collection locations were<br />
determined through visual interpretation <strong>of</strong> changes in plant community types along <strong>the</strong> NATR. Additional<br />
collections were made between plant communities whenever casual observations indicated <strong>the</strong>re may be a<br />
new taxa present. Specimens were collected by walking along <strong>the</strong> roadside <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n laterally to <strong>the</strong><br />
Parkway’s boundary, when <strong>the</strong> boundary could be determined. The intent was to collect each taxon only<br />
once per group. However, repeated collections occurred along <strong>the</strong> different sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Parkway due to<br />
overlapping taxa compositions in <strong>the</strong> two sections.<br />
Because sampling <strong>of</strong> some collection sites was duplicated on multiple trips, each date <strong>and</strong> site<br />
combination was given a unique location number. A list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se locations arranged by state, county, <strong>and</strong><br />
date is provided in Appendix A. Collections were processed in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n subsequently transported<br />
to <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy Herbarium for identification <strong>and</strong> final processing. Location data, including GPS location<br />
<strong>and</strong> mile marker (or closest mile marker) for each habitat were recorded at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> collection. Plant<br />
specific data was recorded pertaining to abundance (using <strong>the</strong> following categories: abundant, common,<br />
uncommon, or rare), nativity (native or introduced), cultivation <strong>and</strong> “weediness” <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plants.<br />
2.3.2 Specimen Identification<br />
Identification <strong>of</strong> collections was completed by TAES staff utilizing resources at TAES <strong>and</strong><br />
identifications were verified using specimens in <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES). Some identifications<br />
needed to be verified utilizing <strong>the</strong> collections at <strong>the</strong> Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas (BRIT), <strong>and</strong><br />
V<strong>and</strong>erbilt University (VDB - is currently housed at BRIT). In accordance with an existing Loan Agreement,<br />
16
vouchers collected as part <strong>of</strong> this inventory are housed in <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES) in College<br />
Station, Texas.<br />
Numerous publications were utilized for identification <strong>of</strong> vouchers, <strong>the</strong> following represent <strong>the</strong><br />
primary references used: Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States (Cronquist 1980), Woody Vines<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States (Duncan 1975), Trees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States (Duncan <strong>and</strong><br />
Duncan 1988), Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico: Volume 2: Pteridophytes <strong>and</strong> Gymnosperms<br />
(FNAEC 1993), Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico: Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae,<br />
Commelinidae (in part) <strong>and</strong> Zingberidae (FNAEC 2000), Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico: Volume<br />
23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae (FNAEC 2002), Aquatic <strong>and</strong> Wetl<strong>and</strong> Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States: Monocotyledons (Godfrey <strong>and</strong> Wooten 1979), Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico: Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 (FNAEC 2003), Aquatic <strong>and</strong><br />
Wetl<strong>and</strong> Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States: Dicotyledons (Godfrey <strong>and</strong> Wooten 1981), Gould’s<br />
Grasses <strong>of</strong> Texas (Hatch 2005), Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States: Volume 3, Part 2:<br />
Leguminosae (Fabaceae) (Isley 1990), A Field Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ferns <strong>and</strong> Fern-Allies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States<br />
<strong>and</strong> Canada (Lellinger 1985), Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Flora (Small 1933), Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Flora<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carolinas (Radford et al. 1968), Shinner’s <strong>and</strong> Mahler’s Illustrated Flora <strong>of</strong> North Central Texas<br />
(Diggs et al. 1999), Flora <strong>of</strong> Missouri (Steyermark 1963), <strong>and</strong> Guide to <strong>the</strong> Trees, Shrubs, <strong>and</strong> Woody<br />
Vines <strong>of</strong> Tennessee (W<strong>of</strong>ford <strong>and</strong> Chester 2002). Authorities were assigned using <strong>the</strong> Integrated<br />
Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) website (ITIS 2004) <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture<br />
Natural Resource Conservation Service’s PLANTS database (USDA 2004).<br />
2.3.3 Voucher Processing<br />
Vouchers were permanently mounted on st<strong>and</strong>ard 11 ½” X 16 ½ “ archival quality, acid free,<br />
herbarium paper along with a printed label containing <strong>the</strong> following information: family name, scientific<br />
name, authority(ies), physical location, site number, latitude <strong>and</strong> longitude data, horizontal error, associated<br />
taxa, collector name(s), collection number, any special notes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> collection. In keeping with<br />
<strong>NPS</strong> databasing protocol, a habitat type was assigned to each location using <strong>the</strong> National Vegetation<br />
Classification System developed by <strong>the</strong> Nature Conservancy (2005).<br />
The existence <strong>of</strong> endangered or threatened taxa encountered along <strong>the</strong> Parkway was “recorded”<br />
using a digital photograph, to be used as <strong>the</strong> voucher for <strong>the</strong> specimen. Pertinent location information was<br />
also recorded as described above.<br />
17
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />
3.1 Literature Search<br />
3.1.1 Review <strong>of</strong> National Park Service Sources<br />
Although <strong>the</strong>re has not been a comprehensive inventory <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants within <strong>the</strong> NATR, a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> smaller <strong>flora</strong>l surveys have been conducted. However, <strong>the</strong> emphasis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se reports was<br />
limited to ei<strong>the</strong>r localized sites or specific plant groups based on growth form <strong>and</strong> rare taxa. Beginning in<br />
<strong>the</strong> mid 1940’s, <strong>and</strong> continuing intermittently through <strong>the</strong> mid 1960’s <strong>the</strong>se studies accumulated<br />
approximately 1900 specimens, representing 1021 taxa. With data collected at specific localities, <strong>the</strong>se<br />
collections represent an initial attempt to inventory <strong>the</strong> NATR by park naturalists, associated staff, <strong>and</strong><br />
associated independent contractors.<br />
In 1963 park naturalist Donald Black developed an Illustrated Guide to <strong>the</strong> Climbing Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Parkway (Black 1963). The stated purpose <strong>of</strong> this guide was to “provide a layman-type picture guide for<br />
quick identification <strong>of</strong> climbing plants found along <strong>the</strong> <strong>parkway</strong>” (Black 1963). Probably used mainly by park<br />
staff, <strong>the</strong> illustrations appear incomplete <strong>and</strong> were apparently drawn from dried herbarium specimens.<br />
Black (1963) stated in <strong>the</strong> introduction to <strong>the</strong> guide that “a more comprehensive manual to all <strong>parkway</strong> taxa<br />
was in progress” but as far as can be determined this was never completed.<br />
In 1991, a preliminary vegetation survey was conducted at <strong>the</strong> Chickasaw Village site located in<br />
Tupelo, Mississippi (Wiel<strong>and</strong> 1994). The purpose <strong>of</strong> this survey was to determine <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> this site<br />
for prairie restoration. Plots surveyed as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> survey identified 107 taxa.<br />
In 1995, <strong>the</strong> Tennessee Chapter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nature Conservancy (TNC) was contracted to conduct a<br />
biological survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong>, fauna, <strong>and</strong> ecological associations along <strong>the</strong> NATR from Highway 32 in<br />
nor<strong>the</strong>ast Mississippi to Leipers Fork, Tennessee. This survey covered approximately 130 miles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Parkway’s 445 mile length (TNC 1995). Results <strong>of</strong> this report are summarized in section 3.3.7 <strong>and</strong> in<br />
greater detail in Appendix C.<br />
The most recent study, completed in 1996, focused on <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> three threatened or<br />
endangered species in <strong>the</strong> proposed location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Parkway Terminus. The goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study<br />
were to delimit <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se taxa in <strong>the</strong> area surveyed <strong>and</strong> determine <strong>the</strong> approximate <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong><br />
18
any extant populations (Rosso <strong>and</strong> Reed 1996). Results <strong>of</strong> this report are summarized in section 3.3.7 <strong>and</strong><br />
in greater detail in Appendix C.<br />
3.1.2 Review <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, Alabama, <strong>and</strong> Mississippi State Floras<br />
Tennessee - According to Frodin (2001), Gattinger published The Flora <strong>of</strong> Tennessee <strong>and</strong> a<br />
Philosophy <strong>of</strong> Botany in 1901, which included a listing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants as well as some remarks on<br />
local range <strong>and</strong> habitat; however, <strong>the</strong>re was no usable key. The most current listing <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants <strong>of</strong><br />
Tennessee was published by W<strong>of</strong>ford <strong>and</strong> Kral (1993). Also published by W<strong>of</strong>ford <strong>and</strong> Chester (2002) was<br />
<strong>the</strong> Guide to Trees, Shrubs, <strong>and</strong> Woody Vines <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, which proved to be an invaluable resource<br />
during <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this project.<br />
Alabama - The only <strong>flora</strong> published for Alabama is Mohr (1901) Plant Life <strong>of</strong> Alabama. However,<br />
being published in 1901, it is currently outdated. A checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants was published in 2002 by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Biological Sciences at Auburn University (Morton et al. 2002). The collections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
John D. Freeman Herbarium at Auburn University <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Alabama Herbarium were<br />
combined to produce a checklist <strong>of</strong> 201 families, 1047 genera, <strong>and</strong> 3544 taxa (Morton et al. 2002). A<br />
treatment <strong>of</strong> ferns <strong>of</strong> Alabama was published by Dean in 1969, which included keys as well as county<br />
distribution data (Frodin 2001).<br />
Mississippi - There is currently no <strong>vascular</strong> <strong>flora</strong> available for <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> Mississippi. Treatments<br />
<strong>of</strong> several small families have been produced <strong>and</strong> published in journals such as Castanea <strong>and</strong> Phytologia<br />
by S.B. Jones (Frodin 2001). A Preliminary Checklist <strong>of</strong> Mississippi Plants (McCook <strong>and</strong> Kartesz 2004) is<br />
currently being developed by staff at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Mississippi’s Thomas H. Pullen Herbarium.<br />
3.1.3 Review <strong>of</strong> Regional (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States) Floras<br />
The first major floristic work in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States was by John Darby. Frodin (2001),<br />
reports that Darby produced A Manual <strong>of</strong> Botany in 1841 <strong>and</strong> Botany <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn States in 1855. The<br />
Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Flora by Small, first published in 1903, was a compilation <strong>of</strong> data from over<br />
50,000 specimens as well as literature provided by o<strong>the</strong>r botanists in <strong>the</strong> region (Frodin 2001). Small’s<br />
Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Flora is still one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> few major <strong>flora</strong>s for <strong>the</strong> area, although it is mostly<br />
outdated now due to numerous nomenclatural changes. There has been little work at <strong>the</strong> state level with<br />
<strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> Mohr (1901), Plant Life <strong>of</strong> Alabama. This work was published as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geological<br />
Survey <strong>of</strong> Alabama by Eugene Smith after Mohr’s death.<br />
19
After <strong>the</strong> economic progression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south in <strong>the</strong> 1950’s, interest in a descriptive <strong>flora</strong> gained<br />
more interest (Frodin 2001). This interest led to <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Plants for <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern<br />
United States project at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Frodin 2001). The goal <strong>of</strong> this<br />
project was to bring <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast up-to-date following <strong>the</strong> style <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> very successful Manual <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carolinas (Radford et al. 1968). However, only two volumes have been completed<br />
to date: Volume 1 ASTERACEAE (Cronquist 1980) <strong>and</strong> Volume 2, Part 3 Leguminosae (Fabaceae) (Isley<br />
1990).<br />
Godfrey <strong>and</strong> Wooten published Aquatic <strong>and</strong> Wetl<strong>and</strong> Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States,<br />
which consisted <strong>of</strong> two volumes: Monocotyledons (Godfrey <strong>and</strong> Wooten 1979) <strong>and</strong> Dicotyledons (Godfrey<br />
<strong>and</strong> Wooten 1981). This work covers North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee,<br />
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas <strong>and</strong> Louisiana.<br />
The most current <strong>flora</strong> in production is <strong>the</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico which is being<br />
compiled by <strong>the</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). Upon completion, <strong>the</strong>re will be 30<br />
volumes. Volume 1 (background information for underst<strong>and</strong>ing patterns in <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong>) <strong>and</strong> Volume 2<br />
(treatments <strong>of</strong> ferns <strong>and</strong> gymnosperms) were published in 1993 (FNAEC 1997). Volumes 3-26 are<br />
angiosperms <strong>and</strong> are arranged using Cronquist’s classification system (FNAEC 1997). Volumes 3-5, 19-<br />
23, <strong>and</strong> 25-26 are currently published. At <strong>the</strong> present time, Volumes 6-11 <strong>and</strong> 24 are in production.<br />
Volumes 27-29 will cover Bryophytes, <strong>and</strong> Volume 30 will be <strong>the</strong> cumulative bibliography <strong>and</strong> index<br />
(FNAEC 1997). This large <strong>flora</strong> will cover all <strong>of</strong> North America north <strong>of</strong> Mexico, so will <strong>the</strong>refore be very<br />
useful in terms <strong>of</strong> filling <strong>the</strong> gap <strong>of</strong> state <strong>flora</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States.<br />
3.2 Herbaria Search<br />
Requests were sent to 42 herbaria in <strong>the</strong> eastern <strong>and</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern U.S. Responses were<br />
received from 20 (47.6%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se herbaria. Of <strong>the</strong> responses received, 15 out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 20 (75.0%) were<br />
unable to provide any specimen data in accordance with <strong>the</strong> criteria set forth. However, specimen data<br />
was received from 6 herbaria in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> downloaded database records, photocopies <strong>of</strong> specimen labels,<br />
e-mail references, etc., which are summarized in Table 4 below. Data was received in different forms, <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> detail varied between records. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records received were analyzed for possible verifiable<br />
NATR collections. Of <strong>the</strong> 231 actual specimen records received, none were able to provide a verifiable<br />
location within <strong>the</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
20
Table 4: Summary <strong>of</strong> Request for Specimen Records<br />
State / Herbarium<br />
Alabama<br />
Auburn University<br />
Birmingham Botanical Gardens<br />
Jacksonville State University<br />
Troy State University<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Alabama – Huntsville<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Alabama – Tusculoosa<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Alabama – Florence<br />
University <strong>of</strong> South Alabama – Mobile<br />
Arkansas<br />
Arkansas Tech University<br />
Henderson State University<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Arkansas – Little Rock<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Arkansas – Monticello<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Arkansas – Fayetteville<br />
Arkansas State University<br />
Louisiana<br />
Louisiana State University<br />
Louisiana State University – Shreveport<br />
Louisiana Tech University<br />
Nicholls State University<br />
Tulane University<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Louisiana – Lafayette<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Louisiana – Monroe<br />
Mississippi<br />
Delta State University<br />
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory<br />
Institute for Botanical Exploration<br />
Mississippi Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History<br />
Mississippi State University<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Mississippi<br />
USDA/ARS<br />
Tennessee<br />
Austin Peay State University<br />
East Tennessee State University<br />
Middle Tennessee State University<br />
Rhodes College<br />
Tennessee Technological University<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Memphis<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee – Knoxville<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee – Chattanooga<br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> South<br />
Texas<br />
Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas<br />
(inclusive <strong>of</strong> BRIT, SMU, VDB herbaria)<br />
National Herbaria<br />
Smithsonian Institute<br />
Missouri Botanical Garden<br />
Harvard University<br />
New York Botanical Garden<br />
TOTALS<br />
1 T & E = Threatened or Endangered Taxa<br />
Herbarium<br />
Acronym<br />
AUA<br />
BBG<br />
JSU<br />
TROY<br />
HALA<br />
UNA<br />
UNAF<br />
USAM<br />
APCR<br />
HEND<br />
LRU<br />
UAM<br />
UARK<br />
STAR<br />
LSU<br />
LSUS<br />
LTU<br />
THIB<br />
NO<br />
LAF<br />
NLU<br />
DSC<br />
HGCRL<br />
IBE<br />
MMNS<br />
MISSA<br />
MISS<br />
SWSL<br />
APSC<br />
ETSU<br />
MTSU<br />
SWMT<br />
HTTU<br />
MEM<br />
TENN<br />
UCHT<br />
UOS<br />
BRIT<br />
US<br />
MO<br />
GH<br />
NY<br />
Response<br />
(Y/N)<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
N<br />
N<br />
N<br />
21<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Records Received<br />
Non T & E 1<br />
Specimens<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
17<br />
0<br />
161<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
48<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
T & E<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
48<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Non T & E<br />
Specimens<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Verifiable NATR<br />
Records<br />
20 231 53 0 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
T & E<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0
MMNS / MISS - Records received from MMNS <strong>and</strong> MISS were in a spreadsheet format, <strong>and</strong> only<br />
provided data to <strong>the</strong> county level; <strong>the</strong>re was no indication as to whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se specimens were collected<br />
along <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
BRIT - The data from BRIT were photocopies <strong>of</strong> herbarium sheet labels <strong>of</strong> threatened <strong>and</strong><br />
endangered taxa. Information from <strong>the</strong> labels was used to determine an approximate collection location,<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>se locations were subsequently compared to maps <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> appropriate region. One record was<br />
determined to be in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR. However, an exact collection location on <strong>the</strong> NATR could not<br />
be substantiated (see section 3.3.7 <strong>and</strong> Appendix C). Of <strong>the</strong> remaining BRIT records none were found to<br />
be along <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
NO, TROY, <strong>and</strong> UNA - Several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records from TROY, UNA, <strong>and</strong> NO were duplicates <strong>of</strong><br />
collections from o<strong>the</strong>r herbaria while o<strong>the</strong>rs reported new locations. However, none were determined to be<br />
on <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
3.3 Field Collections<br />
3.3.1 Field Schedule <strong>and</strong> Collecting Effort<br />
Actual field collection <strong>of</strong> specimens was conducted over a period <strong>of</strong> 1.5 years, beginning in August<br />
<strong>of</strong> 2004 <strong>and</strong> ending in October <strong>of</strong> 2005. Collecting trips were made in <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> March, May, July,<br />
August, <strong>and</strong> October. In planning <strong>the</strong> timing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se trips it was hoped to maximize <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> taxa<br />
available for collecting by accounting for <strong>the</strong> seasonality <strong>of</strong> flowering periods. The length <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
collecting trips varied from 4 days in <strong>the</strong> field in March, to 15 days in <strong>the</strong> field in May. Over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong><br />
five collection trips, totaling 37 days in <strong>the</strong> field, approximately 500 collection sites were sampled.<br />
The selection <strong>of</strong> individual sampling locations was essentially r<strong>and</strong>om, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were determined<br />
based on observations made while in <strong>the</strong> field. The number <strong>of</strong> sites in each state, expressed as a<br />
percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total sampling sites, roughly coincides with <strong>the</strong> percentage distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR<br />
mileage within each state. Table 5 provides a detailed analysis <strong>of</strong> collection trips <strong>and</strong> sampling effort.<br />
22
Table 5: Summary <strong>of</strong> Field Dates <strong>and</strong> Sampling Effort<br />
Trip Field<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Days Number <strong>of</strong> Sites Sampled in Each Trip<br />
% <strong>of</strong> Total<br />
Dates<br />
Spent in <strong>the</strong> Field<br />
State<br />
Total<br />
TN AL MS<br />
1 August 19 - 26, 2004 8 21 6 35 62 12.4<br />
2 March 11 - 14, 2005 4 12 7 43 62 12.4<br />
3 May 5 - 19, 2005 15 34 7 134 175 35.0<br />
4 July 13 - 17, 2005 5 28 4 76 108 21.6<br />
5 October 16 - 21, 2005 5 7 3 83 93 18.6<br />
Total sites sampled in each state 102 27 371 500<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> total sites sampled in each state 20.4 5.4 74.2<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> NATR in each state1 1 Figures from Table 1<br />
23.0 7.4 69.6<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> actual number <strong>of</strong> specimens collected on each trip was not analyzed, <strong>and</strong> regardless<br />
<strong>of</strong> individual trip length, <strong>the</strong> March <strong>and</strong> July field dates produced lower numbers <strong>of</strong> collections while <strong>the</strong><br />
May, August, <strong>and</strong> October trips produced a larger number <strong>of</strong> collections. Several factors may have<br />
impacted individual collection success on any given trip, i.e., local temperatures <strong>and</strong> rainfall. However, with<br />
<strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> August field dates, one consistent factor is believed to have contributed significantly to<br />
differences in collecting success.<br />
While it is understood that <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR is largely a “scenic roadway”, maintenance <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> roadsides <strong>and</strong> adjacent prairies <strong>of</strong>ten prevented <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se sites from developing to <strong>the</strong> point<br />
where representative plant specimens were collectable. The regular maintenance (mowing) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
roadsides <strong>and</strong> many open prairie sites for aes<strong>the</strong>tic or agricultural reasons most likely resulted in lower<br />
collection success during each trip, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inventory overall. Figures 8 <strong>and</strong> 9 illustrate this point. The<br />
photograph in figure 8 was taken on <strong>the</strong> August 2004 trip <strong>and</strong> shows a diverse mix <strong>of</strong> vegetation that is well<br />
developed. The photograph in Figure 9, taken on <strong>the</strong> July 2005 trip, shows <strong>the</strong> local vegetation removed to<br />
<strong>the</strong> point where no collectable material was present. During <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inventory this scene was<br />
repeated throughout <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR on both <strong>the</strong> roadsides, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> prairie sites. In many such<br />
instances, <strong>the</strong> only collections made at any given site were done on one trip only. Subsequent trips,<br />
scheduled to account for different flowering periods, yielded no collection from <strong>the</strong> same site.<br />
23
Figure 10: Un-mown Prairie Site - August 2004 Figure 11: Mowed Prairie Site - July 2005<br />
3.3.2 Taxonomic Distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora<br />
Vouchers for <strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>vascular</strong> plant collections total 167 families, 750 genera, <strong>and</strong> 2197 taxa<br />
(including infra-specific taxa). In Table 6, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> families in each division is summarized. In <strong>the</strong><br />
checklist that follows, vouchers have been collected for 151 families: 12 fern or fern allies families<br />
(Pteridophyta), 3 gymnosperm families (Pinophyta), 20 monocot families (Liliopsida), <strong>and</strong> 116 dicot families<br />
(Magnoliopsida). An additional 15 families: 3 Pteridophyta, 1 Pinophyta, 3 Liliopsida, <strong>and</strong> 9 Magnoliopsida<br />
are represented in <strong>the</strong> <strong>NPS</strong> database, <strong>NPS</strong>pecies. Vouchers have been collected for 1372 taxa in 574<br />
genera. Records in <strong>NPS</strong>pecies account for an additional 825 taxa in 176 genera.<br />
TABLE 6: Summary <strong>of</strong> Collections by Division<br />
© Dale A. Kruse, 2007 © Dale A. Kruse, 2007<br />
Division<br />
Families<br />
Genera<br />
Taxa<br />
TAES <strong>NPS</strong>pecies TAES <strong>NPS</strong>pecies TAES <strong>NPS</strong>pecies<br />
Pteridophyta 12 3 24 8 36 26<br />
Pinophyta 3 1 3 2 6 4<br />
Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 20 3 121 33 333 241<br />
Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 116 9 426 133 997 552<br />
The ferns <strong>and</strong> fern allies (Pteridophyta) account for 2.8% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total <strong>flora</strong>, <strong>the</strong> gymnosperms<br />
(Pinophyta) account for 0.46% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total <strong>flora</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> monocots (Liliopsida) <strong>and</strong> dicots (Magnoliopsida)<br />
account for 26.1% <strong>and</strong> 70.5% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> respectively. The five largest plant families represented are:<br />
Asteraceae (298 taxa), Poaceae (236 taxa), Cyperaceae (148 taxa), Fabaceae (133 taxa), <strong>and</strong> Rosaceae<br />
(73 taxa). These five families comprise 40.4% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total <strong>flora</strong>.<br />
24
A comparison was also made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study collections (collected on <strong>the</strong> five collection trips) <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
list <strong>of</strong> vouchers that are currently being curated at <strong>the</strong> NATR Headquarters in Tupelo, MS. The two lists<br />
were compared for taxa occuring on both lists. Once <strong>the</strong>se overlapping taxa were determined, a count <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> taxa collected only by <strong>the</strong> study team was calculated as well as a count <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxa that are only found<br />
in <strong>the</strong> NATR headquarters. The same comparison was also made for <strong>the</strong> top ten plant families to ascertain<br />
if, <strong>and</strong> by how much, <strong>the</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plant collections were increased by <strong>the</strong> study team. The total number <strong>of</strong><br />
taxa is found in Table 7 with <strong>the</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total in paren<strong>the</strong>ses.<br />
TABLE 7: Comparison <strong>of</strong> Study Collections to <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Headquarters Collections<br />
Family<br />
TAES Collections<br />
25<br />
Natchez Trace Headquarters<br />
Collections<br />
Both Study <strong>and</strong> Natchez Trace<br />
Headquarters Collections<br />
All Families 445 (31.25) 490 (34.41) 489 (34.33)<br />
Asteraceae 49 (22) 103 (46.4) 70 (31.5)<br />
Poaceae 89 (60.5) 11 (7.5) 47 (32.0)<br />
Cyperaceae 56 (77.8) 6 (8.3) 10 (13.9)<br />
Fabaceae 19 (19.2) 40 (40.4) 40 (40.4)<br />
Rosaceae 10 (21.3) 26 (55.3) 11 (23.4)<br />
Lamiaceae 7 (17.5) 24 (60) 9 (22.5)<br />
Brassicaceae 4 (22.2) 8 (44.4) 6 (33.3)<br />
Scrophulariaceae 9 (21.4) 22 (52.4) 11 (26.2)<br />
Ranunculaceae 9 (21.1) 14 (43.8) 9 (21.1)<br />
Liliaceae 6 (21.4) 14 (50) 8 (28.6)<br />
There were significant increases in <strong>the</strong> number taxa in specific monocots families, Poaceae<br />
(grasses) <strong>and</strong> Cyperaceae (sedges) in particular, added to <strong>the</strong> collections already present. Overall, <strong>the</strong><br />
NATR taxa vouchers were increased by 33.0% as many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plants collected by <strong>the</strong> study team<br />
compared to those collected by NATR staff.<br />
3.3.3 Nativity <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora<br />
Three nativity classes are present along <strong>the</strong> NATR. Plants considered native, introduced, <strong>and</strong><br />
plants considered both native <strong>and</strong> introduced. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se three categories is summarized by division in<br />
Table 7. Vouchers have been collected for 1154 native taxa, 212 introduced taxa, <strong>and</strong> 8 taxa are<br />
considered both native <strong>and</strong> introduced. Records in <strong>NPS</strong>pecies account for an additional 642 native taxa,<br />
173 introduced taxa, <strong>and</strong> 6 taxa considered both native <strong>and</strong> introduced (provided in paren<strong>the</strong>ses in Table<br />
8). Information on nativity was assigned based on <strong>the</strong> USDA PLANTS database (version 3.5) (USDA<br />
2004).
TABLE 8: Summary <strong>of</strong> Nativity by Division<br />
Division Native Introduced Native/Introduced<br />
Pteridophyta 34 (24) 2 (2) 0 (0)<br />
Pinophyta 6 (3) 0 (1) 0 (0)<br />
Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 269 (206) 62 (32) 4 (1)<br />
Magnoliophyta:<br />
Magnoliopsida<br />
845 (409) 148 (138) 4 (5)<br />
TOTAL 1154 (642) 212 (173) 8 (6)<br />
3.3.4 Longevity <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora<br />
Seven categories <strong>of</strong> longevity were found to be present along <strong>the</strong> NATR, which have been<br />
summarized by division in Table 9. Vouchers have been collected for 226 annual (A) taxa, 17 biennial (B)<br />
taxa, 1031 perennial (P) taxa, 22 taxa that are ei<strong>the</strong>r annual or biennial (A/B), 11 taxa that are ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
biennial or perennial (B/P), 51 taxa that are ei<strong>the</strong>r annual or perennial (A/P), <strong>and</strong> 17 taxa that are ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
annual, biennial, or perennial (A/B/P). Records available in <strong>NPS</strong>pecies account for an additional 185<br />
annuals, 6 biennials, 563 perennials, 19 annual/biennials, 12 biennial/perennials, <strong>and</strong> 11<br />
annual/biennial/perennials (provided in paren<strong>the</strong>ses in Table 9). Information on longevity was assigned<br />
using <strong>the</strong> PLANTS database (version 3.5) (USDA 2004).<br />
TABLE 9: Summary <strong>of</strong> Longevity by Division<br />
Division A B P A/B B/P A/P A/B/P<br />
Pteridophyta 0 (1) 0 (0) 37 (24) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)<br />
Pinophyta 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)<br />
Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 52 (40) 0 (0) 270 (190) 0 (0) 0 (0) 12 (9) 1 (0)<br />
Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 174 (144) 17 (6) 718 (345) 22 (19) 11 (12) 39 (15) 16 (11)<br />
3.3.5 Growth Habit <strong>of</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora<br />
Growth habit was summarized for <strong>the</strong> voucher collections. Each taxon was categorized as ei<strong>the</strong>r a<br />
trees or shrub, forb (non-graminoid herbaceous), graminoid (grass <strong>and</strong> grasslike), or vine (both woody <strong>and</strong><br />
herbaceous). Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> growth habits is summarized in Table 10, with <strong>the</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total for<br />
each class in paren<strong>the</strong>ses. Forbs represent 64.0% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> graminoids ano<strong>the</strong>r 18.8%. The<br />
remaining categories, trees <strong>and</strong> shrubs, <strong>and</strong> vines, represent 13.2% <strong>and</strong> 4.0% respectively.<br />
TABLE 10: Summary <strong>of</strong> Growth Habit by Division<br />
Division Tree/Shrub Forb Graminoid Vines<br />
Pteridophyta 0 62 0 0<br />
Pinophyta 10 0 0 0<br />
Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 1 158 413 2<br />
Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 278 1185 0 86<br />
Total all specimens 289 (13.2) 1405 (64.0) 413 (18.8) 88 (4.0)<br />
26
3.3.6 Endemism <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Flora<br />
Endemic taxa are generally referred to as species with a limited spatial distribution at some<br />
designated geographic level; i.e., county, state, region, etc. To investigate <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> endemism present in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR, a search for endemic taxa was conducted using <strong>the</strong> USDA PLANTS database. A<br />
filtered search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> database was conducted with <strong>the</strong> results limited to include only, 1) US <strong>and</strong> North<br />
American plant records, 2) only <strong>vascular</strong> plants, <strong>and</strong> 3) taxa at <strong>the</strong> species level <strong>and</strong> below. The resulting<br />
list was <strong>the</strong>n fur<strong>the</strong>r reduced to include only those taxa found in only one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three states <strong>the</strong> NATR<br />
traverses. Additional taxa were subsequently added to <strong>the</strong> list utilizing <strong>the</strong> Tennessee Natural Heritage<br />
Program’s - 2004 Rare Plant List, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alabama Natural Heritage Program’s – 2006 Alabama <strong>Inventory</strong><br />
List: The Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plants <strong>and</strong> Animals <strong>of</strong> Alabama. The results <strong>of</strong> this combined<br />
search are listed in Appendix B. This final list was <strong>the</strong>n compared to <strong>the</strong> NATR Checklist compiled in this<br />
report. Three (3) taxa from <strong>the</strong> list were determined to be endemic to one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> states through which <strong>the</strong><br />
NATR traverses.<br />
● Tennessee purple coneflower, Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small, is endemic to<br />
Tennessee . A search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Herbarium (TENN) database <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> USDA Plants<br />
database confirms a known distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Davidson, Ru<strong>the</strong>rford, <strong>and</strong> Wilson Counties in<br />
central Tennessee. Although not on <strong>the</strong> NATR, herbarium records from BRIT <strong>and</strong> VDB, also list several<br />
additional collection locations in Davidson County.<br />
● Lyreleaf bladderpod, Lesquerella lyrata Rollins, is endemic to Alabama. The USDA Plants<br />
database lists a known distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Colbert <strong>and</strong> Franklin Counties in extreme northwestern<br />
Alabama. Herbarium records provided by BRIT <strong>and</strong> VDB also list several additional collection locations in<br />
Colbert County.<br />
● Alabama larkspur, Delphinium alabamicum Kral, is also endemic to Alabama. The USDA Plants<br />
database lists a known distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Alabama (Colbert, Franklin, <strong>and</strong> Lawerence Counties)<br />
<strong>and</strong> Georgia. However, <strong>the</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> North America FNAEC 1997, suggests <strong>the</strong> population in Georgia may<br />
have been transplanted <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> populations in central Alabama have not been seen since 1950 <strong>and</strong> are<br />
likely extirpated.<br />
27
3.3.7 Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
This section provides a brief discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> results from <strong>the</strong> survey. A detailed discussion is<br />
provided in Appendix C <strong>and</strong> is intended to be <strong>the</strong> “non-public” portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present report. The literature<br />
search, herbarium records, <strong>and</strong> field surveys identified 31 taxa within <strong>the</strong> NATR as being rare, threatened,<br />
or endangered. Table 11 summarizes documented vouchers, records, or observations <strong>of</strong> such species<br />
within <strong>the</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se taxa were documented by <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong> present study.<br />
However, previous studies were able to document extant populations <strong>of</strong> some taxa in addition to historical<br />
records within <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
Rosso <strong>and</strong> Reed (1996), focused on <strong>the</strong> following terrestrial plant taxa; Trillium foetidissimum T. D.<br />
Freeman, Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd., Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook., Schis<strong>and</strong>ra glabra (Brickel)<br />
Rehder., <strong>and</strong> Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra procumbens Michx. The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir study documented extant populations <strong>of</strong><br />
only one taxon, M. cordifolia, within <strong>the</strong> proposed Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR. Additional populations<br />
<strong>of</strong> M. cordifolia were located in adjacent completed sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>and</strong> led <strong>the</strong> authors to suggest<br />
any existing populations impacted by construction would likely recover. Although none <strong>the</strong> remaining taxa<br />
were located, it was noted that suitable habitat was present in <strong>the</strong> proposed construction area <strong>and</strong> it was<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r suggested that surveys be conducted at <strong>the</strong> appropriate time <strong>of</strong> year when <strong>the</strong> relevant taxa could<br />
be readily found <strong>and</strong> identified.<br />
The Tennessee Chapter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nature Conservancy conducted a basic-level biological field survey<br />
in 1995 on a section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR which included an emphasis on rare, threatened, <strong>and</strong> endangered plant<br />
<strong>and</strong> animal taxa. The survey identified 22 records which represented 16 listed plant taxa. Field surveys by<br />
<strong>the</strong> TNC verified 7 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se records representing 5 taxa <strong>and</strong> an additional 11 new occurrences were found<br />
representing 6 taxa.<br />
Although herbarium records from BRIT <strong>and</strong> VDB were unable to provide verifiable locations within<br />
<strong>the</strong> NATR, one additional record <strong>of</strong> Xyris tennesseensis Kral, was found to be very near <strong>the</strong> NATR. This<br />
record represents an additional location for <strong>the</strong> taxon outside <strong>the</strong> NATR but in close proximity to previously<br />
documented site within <strong>the</strong> NATR’s boundaries.<br />
Field observations made by <strong>the</strong> present survey recorded two possible locations in Tennessee<br />
where Apios priceana B.L. Robbins populations may exist.<br />
28
Table 11: Records <strong>of</strong> Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
Taxon State Reference<br />
Amelanchier arborea Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Arabis georgiana Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Arenaria fontinalis Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Asarum canadense Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Aster ericoides Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Carex virescens Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Dennstaedtia punctilobula Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Drosera brevifolia Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Gentiana saponaria Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Hydrastis canadensis Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Isopyrum biternatum Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Juglans cinerea Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Juncus brachycephalus Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Lilium michiganense Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Lonicera flava Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Marshallia trinervia Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Menispermum canadense Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Mikania cordifolia Mississippi Reed <strong>and</strong> Rosso 1996<br />
Osmorhiza longistylis Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra procumbens Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Panax quinquefolius Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Parnassia gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lucida Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s ovalis Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
Swertia caroliniensis Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Trichomanes boschianum Mississippi TNC 1995<br />
Trillium sessile Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Uvularia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Alabama TNC 1995<br />
Xyris tennesseensis Tennessee TNC 1995<br />
3.3.8 Weedy <strong>and</strong> Invasive Taxa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
Precise definitions <strong>of</strong> “weedy” or “invasive” taxa vary considerably. The precise definition used is<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten dependent on <strong>the</strong> ultimate goal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> user defined term. “The ecological perspective considers any<br />
plant a weed if it is a pioneer species that thrives in a degraded habitat with a history <strong>of</strong> disturbance through<br />
human agency” (Hilty 2006). According to www.invasive.org, invasive taxa are “any species, including its<br />
seeds, eggs, spores, or o<strong>the</strong>r biological material capable <strong>of</strong> propagating that species, that is not native to<br />
that ecosystem; <strong>and</strong> whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm<br />
to human health” (Invasive Taxa 2006). Weedy taxa differ from invasive taxa in that <strong>the</strong>y “are not<br />
considered a significant threat to <strong>the</strong> natural environment because <strong>the</strong>y tend to disappear after artificial<br />
disturbances have been removed,” (Hilty 2006), while invasive taxa are much more difficult to remove once<br />
<strong>the</strong>y have been established.<br />
29
The taxa included on <strong>the</strong> checklist in section 4.0 below were compared with <strong>the</strong> Interactive<br />
Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> North American Weeds (SWSS 2005) for “weedy” taxa <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> national invasive taxa list<br />
at www.invasive.org (Invasive Species 2006), for invasive taxa. The checklist was also compared to <strong>the</strong><br />
Federal Noxious Weed List (June 30, 2006), in addition to a search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> USDA PLANTS Database for<br />
noxious weeds in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> states along <strong>the</strong> NATR route. Of <strong>the</strong> identified taxa on <strong>the</strong> NATR checklist,<br />
12.75% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxa present are considered weedy, while 8% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identified taxa are considered invasive.<br />
None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxa on <strong>the</strong> list were found on <strong>the</strong> federal noxious weed list, or any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state lists, as per <strong>the</strong><br />
USDA database.<br />
3.3.9 Verification <strong>of</strong> Vouchers at NATR Headquarters<br />
The identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>vascular</strong> plants represented by vouchers at <strong>the</strong> NATR headquarters were not<br />
independently verified by <strong>the</strong> research team <strong>and</strong> are <strong>the</strong>refore assumed to be accurate. As such, all<br />
inferences based on <strong>the</strong>se specimens are contingent upon <strong>the</strong> identifications provided. However, based on<br />
<strong>the</strong> identifications provided by <strong>the</strong> NATR staff, <strong>and</strong> in consultation with current distributional data, ten (10)<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxa listed would not be expected to occur in <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR or <strong>the</strong> states where <strong>the</strong><br />
specimens were collected. Therefore, a loan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens representing <strong>the</strong>se 10 taxa was requested<br />
<strong>of</strong> NATR staff. A total <strong>of</strong> 11 specimens were borrowed, <strong>and</strong> examined, to determine if <strong>the</strong> vouchers were in<br />
fact correctly identified. The list in Table 12 provides <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se verifications <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
vouchers.<br />
Identifications <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> questioned NATR vouchers in Table 12 were completed by TAES staff. Of<br />
<strong>the</strong> ten taxa examined, seven were determined to be correct. However, although correctly identified, <strong>the</strong><br />
voucher for Aesculus hippocastanum L. was not collected within current NATR boundaries. Based on label<br />
data <strong>the</strong> specimen was collected on <strong>the</strong> grounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lee County Courthouse in Tupelo Mississippi <strong>and</strong><br />
does not represent a voucher for <strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>flora</strong>. The remaining six taxa may represent new additions to<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir respective states. The final status as new records is currently being investigated by TAES<br />
staff.<br />
The two specimens <strong>of</strong> Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., were very immature <strong>and</strong> a correct<br />
identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se specimens could not be verified. The specimens <strong>of</strong> Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth<br />
<strong>and</strong> Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra oakesiana (Gray) J.W. Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult., were determined to be incorrect. The<br />
specimen <strong>of</strong> P. lonchitis was corrected as Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott., <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> O.<br />
oakesiana was determined to be Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra laciniata Hill.<br />
30
TABLE 12: Verifcation <strong>of</strong> Voucher Specimens at NATR Headquarters<br />
Family Scientific Name Status <strong>of</strong> Identification Status as Voucher<br />
Asteraceae Cirsium scariosum Nutt. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong><br />
Asteraceae<br />
Dryopteridaceae<br />
Dryopteridaceae<br />
Fabaceae<br />
Fabaceae<br />
Hippocastanaceae<br />
Iridaceae<br />
Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx.<br />
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.<br />
The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong><br />
Inconclusive Inconclusive<br />
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth The stated identification is incorrect.<br />
The correct identification is Polystichum<br />
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott.<br />
31<br />
Duplicate NATR<br />
voucher –<br />
identification<br />
corrected<br />
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong><br />
Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat.<br />
The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong><br />
Aesculus hippocastanum L. The stated identification is correct.<br />
However, examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> label data<br />
indicates <strong>the</strong> specimen was collected on<br />
<strong>the</strong> grounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lee County<br />
Courthouse, in Tupelo, MS.<br />
Non-voucher for<br />
NATR <strong>flora</strong><br />
Iris versicolor L. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong><br />
Onagraceae Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra oakesiana (Gray) J.W.<br />
Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult.<br />
Saxifragaceae<br />
The stated identification is incorrect.<br />
The correct identification is Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra<br />
laciniata Hill<br />
Duplicate NATR<br />
voucher –<br />
identification<br />
corrected<br />
Parnassia caroliniana Michx. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR<br />
<strong>flora</strong>
4.0 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY<br />
The following table enumerates <strong>the</strong> extant <strong>vascular</strong> plant taxa found within <strong>the</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR.<br />
The names on <strong>the</strong> list represent taxa considered present or probably present (in accordance with current <strong>NPS</strong><br />
definitions) <strong>and</strong> are based on documented voucher specimens. Voucher specimens for <strong>the</strong>se taxa are curated at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway Headquarters in Tupelo, Mississippi, or at <strong>the</strong> S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES), Texas A<br />
& M University, College Station, Texas. Identifications linked to vouchers at NATR Headquarters were provided by<br />
NATR staff. Therefore, with <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vouchers in sub-section 3.3.10 above, all NATR voucher<br />
identifications have not been independently verified by <strong>the</strong> authors <strong>and</strong> are assumed to be accurate. Identifications<br />
<strong>of</strong> vouchers at TAES were verified by <strong>the</strong> authors in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this inventory.<br />
Organization <strong>of</strong> Checklist<br />
Vouchers on <strong>the</strong> checklist were identified at <strong>the</strong> lowest taxonomic level possible. Therefore, some extant<br />
vouchers identified at higher taxonomic levels may not be included on <strong>the</strong> list. The taxa <strong>and</strong> common name(s), if<br />
any, are listed alphabetically by division <strong>and</strong> family. Within families, taxa are listed alphabetically by genus, specific<br />
epi<strong>the</strong>t, <strong>and</strong> subspecific epi<strong>the</strong>ts, with authorities given for all taxa. Taxa listed without superscripts are taxa<br />
collected by TAES in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this inventory. Taxa designated with a 1 are vouchers collected by <strong>the</strong> NATR<br />
staff <strong>and</strong> are housed at NATR Headquarters in Tupelo, MS. Taxa designated with a 2 are recorded as being<br />
present in <strong>NPS</strong>pecies, <strong>the</strong> <strong>NPS</strong> online database (<strong>NPS</strong>pecies 2006). An alphabetical listing, by genus, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
following checklist is provided in Appendix D.<br />
Explanation <strong>of</strong> Columns<br />
In <strong>the</strong> checklist that follows, individual taxon data is arranged in columns, <strong>and</strong> where applicable, <strong>the</strong><br />
following abbreviations are utilized.<br />
Taxon Scientific names generally follow <strong>the</strong> United States Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture PLANTS<br />
Database<br />
Common Name(s) Names taken from various sources <strong>and</strong> represent currently accepted common names<br />
Codes N = native I = introduced W = weedy IN = invasive<br />
A = annual P = perennial B = biennial<br />
T = threatened (Federal) (State) E = endangered (Federal) (State)<br />
R = rare (State) END = Endemic<br />
Voucher Collector <strong>and</strong> collector number for vouchers collected as part <strong>of</strong> this survey only.<br />
Hatch = Stephan L. Hatch Kruse = Dale A. Kruse Phillips = Nena M. Phillips<br />
State The state in which <strong>the</strong> voucher was collected.<br />
AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
32
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
LYCOPODIOPHYTA (Fern Allies)<br />
ISOETACEAE<br />
Isoetes butleri Engelm. 2 limestone quillwort N, P<br />
LYCOPODIACEAE<br />
Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub2 rock clubmoss N, P<br />
Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun2 fan clubmoss N, P<br />
Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh2 deeproot clubmoss N, P<br />
SELAGINELLACEAE<br />
Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring meadow spikemoss N, P Hatch 8753 MS<br />
EQUISETOPHYTA (Horsetails, Scouring Rushes)<br />
EQUISETACEAE<br />
Equisetum arvense L. 2 field horsetail N, P, W, IN<br />
Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat. scouringrush horsetail N, P, W Kruse 1045 MS<br />
- 33 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
POLYPODIOPHYTA (Ferns)<br />
ASPLENIACEAE<br />
Asplenium montanum Willd. 2 mountain spleenwort N, P<br />
Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. 2 lobed spleenwort N, P<br />
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. ebony spleenwort N, P Kruse 973 AL<br />
Asplenium resiliens Kunze blackstem spleenwort N, P Kruse 1156 AL<br />
Asplenium rhizophyllum L. walking fern N, P Kruse 1477 TN<br />
Asplenium ruta-muraria L. 2 wallrue N, P<br />
Asplenium trichomanes L. 2 maidenhair spleenwort N, P<br />
AZOLLACEAE<br />
Azolla caroliniana Willd. 2 Carolina mosquit<strong>of</strong>ern N, A<br />
BLECHNACEAE<br />
Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore netted chainfern N, P Kruse 1018 MS<br />
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith Virginia chainfern N, P Kruse 929 TN<br />
DENNISTAEDTIACEAE<br />
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller western brackenfern N, P, W Kruse 927 TN<br />
DRYOPTERIDACEAE<br />
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens subsp. asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén asplenium ladyfern N, P Kruse 1492 TN<br />
- 34 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 2<br />
Asian netvein hollyfern<br />
I, P<br />
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. 2 bulblet bladderfern N, P<br />
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. 1 brittle bladderfern N, P unconfirmed<br />
Cystopteris protrusa (Wea<strong>the</strong>rby) Blasdell lowl<strong>and</strong> bladderfern N, P Kruse 1480 TN<br />
Cystopteris tennesseensis Shave2 Tennessee bladderfern N, P<br />
Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato1 silver false spleenwort N, P<br />
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Brown glade fern N, P Kruse 1566 TN<br />
Dryopteris celsa (Wm. Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Pollard ex Small2 log fern N, P<br />
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray2 marginal woodfern N, P<br />
Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive fern N, P Kruse 1004 MS<br />
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Christmas fern N, P Kruse 908 TN<br />
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. 1 bluntlobe cliff fern N, P<br />
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Trichomanes boschianum Sturm Applachian bristlefern N, P, T (TN) Kruse 1367 MS<br />
LYGODIACEAE<br />
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern I, P, W, IN Kruse 1044 MS<br />
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE<br />
Botrychium biternatum (Sav.) L. Underwood var. asplenoides (Michx.) Farwell sparselobe grapefern N, P Kruse 936 TN<br />
Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 2 cutleaf grapefern N, P<br />
Botyrichum virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern N, P Kruse 1383 MS<br />
- 35 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl2 limestone adderstongue<br />
N, P<br />
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. sou<strong>the</strong>rn adderstongue N, P Hatch 9368 MS<br />
OSMUNDACEAE<br />
Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern N, P Kruse 1558 MS<br />
Osmunda claytoniana L. 2 interrupted fern N, P<br />
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray2 royal fern N, P<br />
POLYPODIACEAE<br />
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham subsp.michauxiana<br />
(Wea<strong>the</strong>rby) Andrews & Windham<br />
resurrection fern N, P Kruse 1040 MS<br />
Polypodium virginianum L. 2 rock polypody N, P<br />
PTERIDACEAE<br />
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2 common maidenhair N, P<br />
Adiantum pedatum L. nor<strong>the</strong>rn maidenhair N, P Kruse 910 TN<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze2 Alabama lipfern N, P<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. 1 hairy lipfern N, P<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s tomentosa Link2 woolly lipfern N, P<br />
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake N, P Kruse1157 AL<br />
Pteris multifida Poir. spider brake I, P Hatch 8733 MS<br />
THELYPTERIDACEAE<br />
- 36 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Macro<strong>the</strong>lypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching2 swordfern<br />
I, P<br />
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée broad beechfern N, P Kruse 1490 TN<br />
Thelypteris hispidula (Dcne.) C.F. Reed var. versicolor (R. St. John) Lellinger rough hairy maidenfern N, P Hatch 9814 MS<br />
Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton Kunth's maidenfern N, P Kruse 1037 MS<br />
Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York fern N, P Kruse 1500 TN<br />
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. 2 eastern marsh fern N, P<br />
PINOPHYTA (Gymnosperms)<br />
CUPRESSACEAE<br />
Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red cedar N, P Phillips 308 TN<br />
GINKGOACEAE<br />
Ginkgo biloba L. 2 maidenhair tree I, P<br />
PINACEAE<br />
Pinus echinata P. Mill. shortleaf pine N, P Hatch 9344 MS<br />
Pinus elliottii Engelm. 2 slash pine N, P<br />
Pinus glabra Walt. 1 spruce pine N, P<br />
Pinus palustris P. Mill. 2 longleaf pine N, P<br />
Pinus taeda L. loblolly pine N, P Phillips 765 AL<br />
Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia pine N, P Phillips 761 TN<br />
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 2 eastern hemlock N, P<br />
- 37 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
TAXODIACEAE<br />
Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. bald cypress N, P Phillips 1013 MS<br />
MAGNOLIOPHYTA (Liliopsida - Monocots)<br />
ACORACEAE<br />
Acorus calamus L. 2 calamus N, P<br />
AGAVACEAE<br />
Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose false aloe N, P Phillips 1209 MS<br />
Yucca aloifolia L. aloe yucca N, P Hatch 9373 MS<br />
Yucca filamentosa L. 2 Adam's needle N, P<br />
Yucca gloriosa L. moundlily yucca N, P Hatch 9238 MS<br />
ALISMATACEAE<br />
Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. creeping burhead N, P, W Hatch 9747 MS<br />
Sagittaria australis (J.G. Sm.) Small 2 longbeak arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush shortbeak arrowhead N, P Hatch 9951 MS<br />
Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 2 hooded arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. 2 Engelmann's arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria latifolia L. broadleaf arrowhead N, P, W Phillips 514 TN<br />
Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. giant arrowhead I, P, W Phillips 543b AL<br />
- 38 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
ARACEAE<br />
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott. green dragon N, P Phillips 737 MS<br />
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttleston2 Jack-in-<strong>the</strong>-pulpit N, P<br />
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. wild taro I, P, W, IN Phillips 705 MS<br />
Orontium aquaticum L. 1 goldenclub N, P<br />
ARECACEAE<br />
Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. dwarf palmetto N, P photograph<br />
BROMELIACEAE<br />
Till<strong>and</strong>sia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish moss N, P Phillips 720 MS<br />
COMMELINACEAE<br />
Commelina communis L. common dayflower I, A, W, IN Phillips 677 MS<br />
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. 1 climbing dayflower N, A/P, W<br />
Commelina erecta L. var. erecta whitemouth dayflower N, P Phillips 523 AL<br />
Commelina virginica L. Virginia dayflower N, P Phillips 696 MS<br />
Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. 2 wartremover herb I, P, W, IN<br />
Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small hairystem spiderwort N, P Phillips 297 TN<br />
Tradescantia hirsuti<strong>flora</strong> Bush1 hairyflower spiderwort N, P<br />
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. bluejacket N, P Hatch 9297 MS<br />
Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. 2 zigzag spiderwort N, P<br />
Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort N, P Hatch 9256 MS<br />
- 39 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
CYPERACEAE<br />
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke 2 densetuft hairsedge N, A/P<br />
Carex abscondita Mackenzie 2 thicket sedge N, P<br />
Carex aestivalis M.A. Curtis ex Gray 2 summer sedge N, P<br />
Carex aggregata Mackenzie 2 glomerate sedge N, P<br />
Carex albursina Sheldon white bear sedge N, P Kruse 1308 TN<br />
Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans 2 whitetinge sedge N, P<br />
Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) J. Rettig 2 Emmons' sedge N, P<br />
Carex albolutescens Schwein. 2 greenwhite sedge N, P<br />
Carex amphibola Steud. eastern narrowleaf sedge N, P Kruse 1294 TN<br />
Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. 1 yellowfruit sedge N, P<br />
Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. atlantica prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1394 MS<br />
Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek. prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1349 TN<br />
Carex aureolensis Steud. N, P Kruse 914 TN<br />
Carex baileyi Britt. 2 Bailey's sedge N, P<br />
Carex basiantha Steud. Willdenow's sedge N, P Hatch 9641 MS<br />
Carex bl<strong>and</strong>a Dewey 2 eastern woodl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P, W<br />
Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. subsp. bromoides bromelike sedge N, P Kruse 1320 TN<br />
Carex bushii Mackenzie 2 Bush's sedge N, P<br />
Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey 2 Carey's sedge N, P<br />
Carex caroliniana Schwein. 2 Carolina sedge N, P<br />
Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. oval leaf sedge N, P Hatch 9075 MS<br />
Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cherokee sedge N, P, W Hatch 9272 MS<br />
- 40 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex communis Bailey2 fibrousroot sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. hirsute sedge N, P Hatch 9444 MS<br />
Carex conjuncta Boott 2 s<strong>of</strong>t fox sedge N, P<br />
Carex crawei Dewey 2 Crawe's sedge N, P<br />
Carex crebri<strong>flora</strong> Wieg. 2 coastal plain sedge N, P<br />
Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fern. fringed sedge N, P Kruse 945 TN<br />
Carex cristatella Britt. 2 crested sedge N, P<br />
Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze ravenfoot sedge N, P Kruse 1380 MS<br />
Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. 2 Davis' sedge N, P<br />
Carex debilis Michx. white-edge sedge N, P Kruse 1341 TN<br />
Carex digitalis Willd. slender woodl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P Kruse 1338 TN<br />
Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. fescue sedge N, P Phillips 1118 MS<br />
Carex fissa Mackenzie var. aristata J.F. Herm. hammock sedge N, P Hatch 9391 MS<br />
Carex flaccosperma Dewey 1 thinfruit sedge N, P<br />
Carex frankii Kunth Frank's sedge N, P Phillips 303 TN<br />
Carex gracillima Schwein. 2 graceful sedge N, P<br />
Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. limestone meadow sedge N, P Kruse 1326 TN<br />
Carex grayi Carey 2 Gray's sedge N, P<br />
Carex grisea Wahlenb. 2 inflated narrow-leaf sedge N, P<br />
Carex hirsutella Mackenzie 1 fuzzy wuzzy sedge N, P<br />
Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie 2 pubescent sedge N, P<br />
Carex hyalinolepis Steud. shoreline sedge N, P Hatch 9403 MS<br />
Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. 2 bottlebrush sedge N, P<br />
- 41 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex intumescens Rudge 2<br />
greater bladder sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Carex jamesii Schwein. 2 James' sedge N, P<br />
Carex joorii Bailey cypress swamp sedge N, P Kruse 1029 MS<br />
Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie 2 sedge N, P<br />
Carex laxiculmis Schwein. 2 spreading sedge N, P<br />
Carex laxi<strong>flora</strong> Lam. broad looseflower sedge N, P Kruse 1300 TN<br />
Carex leavenworthii Dewey 2 Leavenworth's sedge N, P<br />
Carex leptalea Wahlenb. bristlystalked sedge N, P Kruse 1340a TN<br />
Carex longii Mackenzie Long's sedge N, P Hatch 9080 MS<br />
Carex louisianica Bailey Louisiana sedge N, P Kruse 1021 MS<br />
Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. hop sedge N, P Kruse 946 TN<br />
Carex lurida Wahlenb. shallow sedge N, P Kruse 1494 TN<br />
Carex mesochorea Mackenzie 2 midl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P<br />
Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright 2 troublesome sedge N, P<br />
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott 2 Muhlenberg's sedge N, P<br />
Carex nigromarginata Schwein. 2 blackedge sedge N, P<br />
Carex normalis Mackenzie 2 greater straw sedge N, P<br />
Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 richwoods sedge N, P<br />
Carex oxylepisTorr. & Hook. var. pubescens J.K. Underwood 2 sharpscale sedge N, P<br />
Carex pensylvanica Lam. 2 Pennsylvania sedge N, P<br />
Carex picta Steud. 2 Boott's sedge N, P<br />
Carex plantaginea Lam. 2 plantainleaf sedge N, P<br />
Carex prasina Wahlenb. 2 drooping sedge N, P<br />
- 42 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex purpurifera Mackenzie 2<br />
purple sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Carex reniformis (Bailey) Small 2 kidneyshape sedge N, P<br />
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. rosy sedge N, P Kruse 1319 TN<br />
Carex squarrosa L. 2 squarrose sedge N, P<br />
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. 2 owlfruit sedge N, P<br />
Carex striatula Michx. 2 lined sedge N, P<br />
Carex stricta Lam. 2 upright sedge N, P<br />
Carex styl<strong>of</strong>lexa Buckl. bent sedge N, P Kruse 1342 TN<br />
Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie 2 Swan's sedge N, P<br />
Carex tenera Dewey 2 quill sedge N, P<br />
Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey Texas sedge N, P Kruse 1331 TN<br />
Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerman twisted sedge N, P Kruse 1321 TN<br />
Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey bluntbroomsedge N, P Kruse 1498 TN<br />
Carex typhina Michx. cattail sedge N, P Kruse 1556 MS<br />
Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 parasol sedge N, P<br />
Carex venusta Dewey 2 darkgreen sedge N, P<br />
Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. 2 ribbed sedge N, P, R(<br />
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 2 fox sedge N, P<br />
Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 Willdenow's sedge N, P<br />
Cyperus bipartitus Torr. 2 slender flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus di<strong>and</strong>rus Torr. 2 umbrella flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood globe flatsedge N, P Phillips 995 MS<br />
Cyperus elegans L. royal flatsedge N, P Hatch 9762 MS<br />
- 43 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. 2<br />
redroot flatsedge<br />
N, A/P, W<br />
Cyperus esculentus L. chufa flatsedge N/I, P, W, IN Hatch 10013 MS<br />
Cyperus flavescens L. 2 yellow flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus flavicomus Michx. 2 whiteedge flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus iria L. ricefield flatsedge N, A, W, IN Phillips 997 MS<br />
Cyperus lancastriensis Porter ex Gray 2 manyflower flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus odoratus L. 2 fragrant flatsedge N, A/P, W<br />
Cyperus ovatus Baldwin ovateleaf flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus plukenetii Fern. 2 Plukenet's sedge, N, P<br />
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fern. 2 Texan flatsedge N, A/P<br />
Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. marsh flatsedge N, P Kruse 942 TN<br />
Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckl. 2 reflexed flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus retr<strong>of</strong>ractus (L.) Torr. 1 rough flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus retrorsus Chapman pine barren flatsedge N, P Hatch 9913 MS<br />
Cyperus rotundus L. nutgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 10071 MS<br />
Cyperus squarrosus L. 2 bearded flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus strigosus L. strawcolored flatsedge N, P, W Kruse 917 TN<br />
Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. 2 threeway sedge N, P<br />
Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 2 flatstem spikerush N, P<br />
Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 2 Engelmann's spikerush N, A<br />
Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. 2 bald spikerush N, P<br />
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes blunt spikerush N, A/P Kruse 1031 MS<br />
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 common spikerush N, P<br />
- 44 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. 2<br />
slender spikerush<br />
N, P<br />
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 annual fimbry N, A, W<br />
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes slender fimbry N, A Hatch 9942b MS<br />
Fimbristylis decipiens Kral sou<strong>the</strong>rn fimbry N, A Kruse 1027 MS<br />
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl grasslike fimbry N, A, W Kruse 939 TN<br />
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. hairy umbrella-sedge N, P Hatch 9651 MS<br />
Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. keeled bulrush N, A Kruse 1391 MS<br />
Kyllinga gracillima Miquel. pasture spikesedge N, P, W, IN Kruse 1039 MS<br />
Kyllinga odorata Vahl fragrant spikesedge N, A/B/P Kruse 1522 MS<br />
Kyllinga pumila Michx. low spikesedge N, A/P Kruse 1038 MS<br />
Rhynchospora caduca Ell. anglestem beaksedge N, P Kruse 1024 MS<br />
Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl 2 brownish beaksedge N, P<br />
Rhynchospora compressa Carey ex Chapman flatfruit beaksedge N, A/P Hatch 9665 MS<br />
Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray shortbristle horned beaksedge N, P, W Phillips 992 MS<br />
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small var. globularis globe beaksedge N, P Kruse 1491 TN<br />
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl clustered beaksedge N, P Kruse 979 MS<br />
Rhynchospora rari<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Ell. fewflower beaksedge N, P Hatch 9650 MS<br />
Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral 1 globe beaksedge N, P<br />
Scirpus atrovirens Willd. green bulrush N, P Hatch 9554 MS<br />
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth bulrush N, P Kruse 916 TN<br />
Scirpus georgianus Harper Georgia bulrush N, P Hatch 9352 MS<br />
Scirpus lineatus Michx. drooping bulrush N, P Hatch 9463 MS<br />
Scirpus pendulus Muhl. 2 rufous bulrush N, P<br />
- 45 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl<br />
leafy bulrush<br />
N, P<br />
Kruse 931 TN<br />
Scleria ciliata Michx. fringed nutrush N, P Hatch 9378 MS<br />
Scleria oligantha Michx. littlehead nutrush N, P Hatch 9303 MS<br />
Scleria pauci<strong>flora</strong> Muhl. ex Willd. var. pauci<strong>flora</strong> fewflower nutrush N, P Hatch 9382 MS<br />
Scleria triglomerata Michx. 2 whip nutrush N, P<br />
DIOSCOREACEAE<br />
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam I, P, W, IN Hatch 9478 MS<br />
Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. 1 fourleaf yam N, P<br />
Dioscorea villosa L. wild yam N, P Phillips 867 TN<br />
HYDROCHARITACEAE<br />
Egeria densa Planch. 2 Brazilian waterweed I, P, W, IN<br />
Elodea canadensis Michx. 2 Canadian waterweed N, P<br />
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John 2 western waterweed N, P<br />
Vallisneria americana Michx. American eelgrass N, P Kruse 1355 AL<br />
IRIDACEAE<br />
Belamc<strong>and</strong>a chinensis (L.) DC. 1 blackberry lily I, P<br />
Iris cristata Ait. 1 dwarf crested iris N, P<br />
Iris germanica L. 2 German iris I, P<br />
Iris pseudacorus L. 2 paleyellow iris I, P<br />
Iris versicolor L. 1 harlequin blueflag N, P<br />
- 46 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Iris virginica L. 2<br />
Virginia iris<br />
N, P<br />
Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. white blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 730 MS<br />
Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. narrowleaf blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 1094 MS<br />
Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn. eastern blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 826 TN<br />
Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. prairire blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9093 MS<br />
Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. needletip blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9359 MS<br />
JUNCACEAE<br />
Juncus acuminatus Michx. tapertip rush N, P Kruse 915 TN<br />
Juncus an<strong>the</strong>latus (Weig.) R.E. Brooks greater poverty rush N, P Kruse 1375 MS<br />
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. whiteroot rush N, P Kruse 1395 MS<br />
Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. 2 smallhead rush N, P, R (TN)<br />
Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe 2 Canadian rush N, P<br />
Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie lea<strong>the</strong>ry rush N, P Kruse 930 TN<br />
Juncus debilis Gray weak rush N, A/P Hatch 9655 MS<br />
Juncus dichotomus Ell. forked rush N, P Kruse 1400 MS<br />
Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod rush N, P Kruse 996 MS<br />
Juncus dudleyi Wieg. 2 Dudley's rush N, P<br />
Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. common rush N, P Kruse 943 TN<br />
Juncus elliottii Chapman 2 Elliott's rush N, P<br />
Juncus filipendulus Buckl. 2 ringseed rush N, P<br />
Juncus interior Wieg. 2 inl<strong>and</strong> rush N, P<br />
- 47 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
grassleaf rush N, P ruse 913 TN<br />
Juncus marginatus Rostk.<br />
Juncus repens Michx. lesser creeping rush N, P Kruse 1017 MS<br />
Juncus scirpoides Lam. needlepod rush N, P Kruse 941 TN<br />
Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. 2 lopsided rush N, P<br />
Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> rush N, P<br />
Juncus tenuis Willd. slender rush N, P Phillips 991 MS<br />
Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush N, P Kruse 1528 MS<br />
Juncus validus Coville var. validus roundhead rush N, P Kruse 976 MS<br />
Luzula acuminata Raf. 2 hairy woodrush N, P<br />
Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth bulbous woodrush N, P Kruse 1372 MS<br />
Luzula echinata (Small) J.F. Herm. hedgehog woodrush N, P Kruse 1330 TN<br />
Luzula multi<strong>flora</strong> (Ehrh.) Lej. 2 common woodrush N, P<br />
LILIACEAE<br />
Aletris farinosa L. 1 white colicroot N, P<br />
Allium ampeloprasum L. 1 broadleaf wild leek I, P<br />
Allium canadense L. wild onion N, P, W, IN Phillips 915 TN<br />
Allium cernuum Roth 2 nodding onion N, P<br />
Allium sativum L. cultivated garlic I, P Hatch 9214 MS<br />
Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl. 2 autumn onion N, P<br />
Allium tricoccum Ait. 2 wild leek N, P<br />
Allium vineale L. 2 wild garlic N, P<br />
Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walt.) Gray 2 flypoison N, P<br />
- 48 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Asparagus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2<br />
garden asparagus<br />
I, P<br />
Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory 1 Atlantic camas N, P<br />
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray fairyw<strong>and</strong> N, P Hatch 9350 MS<br />
Erythronium albidum Nutt. 2 white fawnlily N, P<br />
Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. 1 dogtooth violet N, P<br />
Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf 2 yellow troutlily N, P<br />
Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin 2 dimpled troutlily N, P<br />
Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2 orange daylily I, P, W, IN<br />
Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herbert 1 Carolina spiderlily N, P<br />
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1 common goldstar N, P<br />
Leucojum vernum L. sping snowflake I, P Hatch 8811 MS<br />
Lilium canadense L. 2 Canada lily N, P<br />
Lilium michiganense Farw. 2 Michigan lily N, P, T (TN)<br />
Lilium superbum L. turk's-cap lily N, P Hatch 9671 MS<br />
Maian<strong>the</strong>mum racemosum (L.) Link. subsp. racemosum false Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 976 MS<br />
Melanthium woodii J.W. Robins. ex Wood 2 Wood's bunchflower N, P<br />
Muscari botryoides (L.) P. Mill. 2 common grape hyacinth I, P<br />
Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. 1 starch grape hyacinth I, P<br />
Narcissus poeticus L. 2 poet's narcissus I, P<br />
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil I, P Hatch 8786 MS<br />
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt crowpoison N, P Phillips 778 AL<br />
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 2 sleepydick I, P, W<br />
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 578 MS<br />
- 49 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don 2<br />
yellow fairybells<br />
N, P<br />
Schoenolirion croceum (Michx.) Wood 2 yellow sunnybell N, P<br />
Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong 1 eastern fea<strong>the</strong>rbells N, P<br />
Trillium cuneatum Raf. 2 little sweet Betsy N, P<br />
Trillium decumbens Harbison 2 trailing wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium erectum L. 1 red trillium N, P<br />
Trillium flexipes Raf. 1 nodding wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium ludovicianum Harbison1 Louisiana wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium maculatum Raf. 1 spotted wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium recurvatum Beck 2 bloody butcher N, P<br />
Trillium sessile L. toadshade N, P Phillips 769 AL<br />
Trillium stamineum Harbison1 Blue Ridge wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium viride Beck wood wakerobin N, P Phillips 823 TN<br />
Uvularia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Sm. 1 largeflower bellwort N, P<br />
Uvularia perfoliata L. perfoliate bellwort N, P Phillips 864 TN<br />
Uvularia sessilifolia L. sessileleaf bellwort N, P Phillips 977 MS<br />
Veratrum virginicum (L.) Ait. f. 1 Virginia bunchflower N, P<br />
LEMNACEAE<br />
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. 2 lesser duckweed N, P<br />
Lemna minor L. common duckweed N, P Hatch 8754 MS<br />
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs 2 little duckweed N, P<br />
Lemna perpusilla Torr. 2 minute duckweed N, P<br />
- 50 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lemna valdiviana Phil. 2<br />
valdivia duckweed<br />
N, P<br />
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden giant duckweed N, P Hatch 9281 MS<br />
Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson dotted duckmeat N, P Phillips 701 MS<br />
Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell 2 Brazilian watermeal N, P<br />
Wolffia columbiana Karst. 2 Columbian watermeal N, P<br />
ORCHIDACEAE<br />
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. 2 tuberous grasspink N, P<br />
Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. 2 autumn coralroot N, P<br />
Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conra2 spring coralroot N, P<br />
Cypripedium acaule Ait. 2 moccasin flower N, P<br />
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight 2 greater yellow lady's slipper N, P<br />
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 2 showy orchid N, P<br />
Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. downy rattlesnake plantain N, P Phillips 1241 TN<br />
Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. 2 spiked crested coralroot N, P<br />
Liparis liliifolia (L.) L.C. Rich. ex Ker-Gawl. 2 brown lipwide orchid N, P<br />
Listera australis Lindl. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn twayblade N, P<br />
Malaxis unifolia Michx. green adder's-tongue orchid N, P Hatch 9544 MS<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1 yellow fringed orchid N, P<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra clavellata (Michx.) Luer 2 small green wood orchid N, P<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra lacera (Michx.) G.Don green fringed orchid N, P Hatch 9668a MS<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra peramoena (Gray) Gray 1 purple fringeless orchid N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s cernua (L.) L.C. Rich. 1 nodding ladies' tresses N, P<br />
- 51 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 2<br />
nor<strong>the</strong>rn slender ladies' tresses N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lucida (H.H. Eat.) Ames 1 shining ladies' tresses N, P, T (TN)<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s ovalis Lindl. 1 October ladies' tresses N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s tuberosa Raf. little ladies' tresses N, P Phillips 426 TN<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s vernalis Engelm. & Gray spring ladies' tresses N, P Hatch 9898 MS<br />
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. cripple cranefly N, P Phillips 722 MS<br />
Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. 1 threebirds N, P<br />
POACEAE<br />
Aegilops cylindrica Host 2 jointed goatgrass I, A, W, IN<br />
Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes 2 Elliott's bentgrass N, A<br />
Agrostis gigantea Roth 2 redtop I, P<br />
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter bentgrass N, P Hatch 9129 MS<br />
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman autumn bentgrass N, P Phillips 383 TN<br />
Agrostis scabra Willd. 2 rough bentgrass N, P<br />
Agrostis stolonifera L. creeping bentgrass N, P Kruse 1473 TN<br />
Aira caryophyllea L. silver hairgrass I, A Hatch 9191 MS<br />
Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth annual silver hairgrass I,A Kruse 1348 TN<br />
Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Carolina foxtail N, A Hatch 8758 MS<br />
Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem N, P, W Phillips 624 MS<br />
Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy bluestem N, P Hatch 9823 MS<br />
Andropogon gyrans Ashe Elliot's bluestem N, P Hatch 9910 MS<br />
Andropogon ternarius Michx. 1 splitbeard bluestem N, P<br />
- 52 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Andropogon virginicus L.<br />
broomsedge bluestem<br />
N, P, W, IN<br />
Hatch 9937 MS<br />
Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. annual vernalgrass I, A Hatch 9335 MS<br />
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1 sweet vernalgrass N/I, P<br />
Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma churchmouse threeawn N, A Hatch 9907a MS<br />
Aristida longispica Poir. var. longispica slimspike threeawn N, A Hatch 9914 MS<br />
Aristida oligantha Michx. prairie threeawn N, A, W Hatch 9935 MS<br />
Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. tenuispica (A.S. Hitchc.) Allred arrowfea<strong>the</strong>r threeawn N, P Hatch 9907 MS<br />
Aristida ramosissima Engelm. ex Gray 2 s-curve threeawn N, A<br />
Arrhena<strong>the</strong>rum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl var. elatius 2 tall oatgrass I, P<br />
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass I, A Hatch 9819 MS<br />
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. gigantean 2 giant cane N, P<br />
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. tecta (Walt.) McClure 2 giant cane N, P<br />
Arundo donax L. 1 giant reed I, P, W, IN<br />
Avena sativa L. common oats I, A, W Hatch 9434 MS<br />
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. broadleaf carpetgrass N, P Phillips 538a AL<br />
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kunth. common carpetgrass N, P Hatch 9634 MS<br />
Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould 2 silver beardgrass N, P<br />
Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus pitted beardgrass I, P Hatch 9971 MS<br />
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. 2 sideoats grama N, P<br />
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. bearded shorthusk N, P Phillips 364 TN<br />
Briza minor L. little quakinggrass I, P Kruse 1371 MS<br />
Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grass I, A, W Phillips 522 AL<br />
Bromus ciliatus L. fringed brome N, P Hatch 9807 MS<br />
- 53 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Bromus inermis Leyss. 2<br />
smooth brome<br />
N/I, P, W, IN<br />
Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. Japanese brome I, A, W Hatch 8779 MS<br />
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. hairy woodl<strong>and</strong> brome N, P Hatch 9471 MS<br />
Bromus racemosus L. bald brome N, A Hatch 9094b MS<br />
Bromus secalinus L. ryebrome I, A, W Hatch 9074 MS<br />
Bromus sterilis L. barren brome I, A Kruse 1323 TN<br />
Bromus tectorum L. 2 cheatgrass I, A, W, IN<br />
Cenchrus spinifex Cav. coastal s<strong>and</strong>bur N, A/P, W Kruse 1527 MS<br />
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates broadleaf woodoats N, P Phillips 485 TN<br />
Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates slender woodoats N, P Phillips 484 TN<br />
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates 1 longleaf woodoats N, P<br />
Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed N, P Phillips 517 TN<br />
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass I, P, W, IN Phillpis 531 AL<br />
Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 8816 MS<br />
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Egyptian goosegrass I, A, W Hatch 9800 MS<br />
Danthonia sericea Nutt. downy oatgrass N, P Hatch 9339 MS<br />
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes poverty oatgrass N, P Hatch 9410 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark needleleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum 2 tapered rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark 2<br />
tapered rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Bosc's rosettegrass N, P Phillips 365 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium cl<strong>and</strong>estinum (L.) Gould deertongue N, P Hatch 9333 MS<br />
- 54 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium commutatum (J.A. Schultes) Gould subsp. equilaterale<br />
(Scribn.) Freckman<br />
Kruse 1347 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & C.A. Clark 2 blood rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould 2 starved rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. ensifolium (Baldw. ex Ell.)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark<br />
cypress rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9886a MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum 2 cypress rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A. Clark broadleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9127 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould openflower rosettegrass N, P Kruse 1314 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann 2 rough rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium linearifolium(Scribn. ex Nash) Gould 2 slimleaf rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould 2 shortleaf rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann 2 matting rosettegrass N,P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould Ravenel's rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9357 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium scoparium (Lam.) Gould velvet rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9387 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. isophyllum (Scribn.)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark<br />
roundseed rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9744b MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. sphaerocarpon 2 roundseed rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium strigosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Freckmann roughhair rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079a MS<br />
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn crabgrass N, A, W<br />
Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 2 fall witchgrass N, P<br />
Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. 2 slender crabgrass N, A/P<br />
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth crabgrass I, A, W Hatch 9845 MS<br />
- 55 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.<br />
hairy crabgrass<br />
N, A, W<br />
Phillips 338 TN<br />
Digitaria violascens Link violet crabgrass I, A/P Phillips 528 AL<br />
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link jungle rice I, A, W Hatch 9867 MS<br />
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli large barnyardgrass I, A, IN Phillips 321 TN<br />
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. microstachya Wieg. 1 rough barnyardgrass N, A<br />
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. muricata rough barnyardgrass I, A Hatch 9884 MS<br />
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller coast cockspur N, A Phillips 613 MS<br />
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass I, A, W, IN Phillips 328 TN<br />
Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada wildrye N, P Phillips 476 TN<br />
Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix eastern bottlebrush N, P Kruse 1471 TN<br />
Elymus repens (L.) Gould 2 quackgrass I, P, W, IN<br />
Elymus riparius Wieg. 2 riverbank wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus svensonii Church 2 Svenson's wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. 2 hairy wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus 2 Virginia wildrye N,P<br />
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees 2 lacegrass N, A<br />
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen 2 stinkgrass I,A, W<br />
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass I, P Kruse 1358 AL<br />
Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. 2 s<strong>and</strong>bar lovegrass N, A<br />
Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 2 bigtop lovegrass N, P<br />
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. 2 teal lovegrass A, N<br />
Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc. 1 plains lovegrass N, P<br />
Eragrostis minor Host 2 little lovegrass I, A<br />
- 56 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea<br />
tufted lovegrass<br />
N, A<br />
Phillips 393 TN<br />
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. 2 Indian lovegrass N, A, W<br />
Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Scribn. coastal lovegrass N, P Phillips 667 MS<br />
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. purple lovegrass N, P Phillips 502 TN<br />
Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass I, P Hatch 9745 MS<br />
Festuca paradoxa Desv. clustered fescue N, P Hatch 9095 MS<br />
Festuca rubra L. 2 red fescue N, P<br />
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev nodding fescue N, P Kruse 1295 TN<br />
Glyceria acuti<strong>flora</strong> Torr. 2 creeping mannagrass N, P<br />
Glyceria septentrionalis A.S. Hitchc. var. septentrionalis floating mannagrass N, P Hatch 9450 MS<br />
Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. fowl mannagrass N, P Hatch 9252 MS<br />
Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass I, P Hatch 9686 MS<br />
Hordeum jubatum L. 2 foxtail barley N, P, W<br />
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley N, A, W Hatch 8715 MS<br />
Hordeum vulgare L. 2 barley I, A, W<br />
Leersia lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass N, P Hatch 9952 MS<br />
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrass N, P Phillips 641 MS<br />
Leersia virginica Willd. whitegrass N, P Phillips 340 TN<br />
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. Snow 2 mucronate sprangletop N, A/P, W<br />
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow bearded sprangletop N, A, W Hatch 9756 MS<br />
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire tall fescue I, P, W, IN Phillips 329 TN<br />
Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot 2 Italian ryegrass I, A/P<br />
Lolium temulentum L. 1 Darnel ryegrass I, A<br />
- 57 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Melica mutica Walt.<br />
tw<strong>of</strong>lower melic<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9126 MS<br />
Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper 2 threeflower melic N, P<br />
Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus 2 Nepalese browntop I, A, W, IN<br />
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. 2 wirestem muhly N, P, W<br />
Muhlenbergia glabri<strong>flora</strong> Scribn. 2 inl<strong>and</strong> muhly N, P<br />
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. nimblewill N, P, W, IN Hatch 9126 MS<br />
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. 2 rock muhly N, P<br />
Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> muhly N, P<br />
Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora 2 creeping lovegrass N, A<br />
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. bristle basketgrass N, A/P Phillips 718 MS<br />
Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum N, P Phillips 718 MS<br />
Panicum capillare L. 2 witchgrass N, A, W<br />
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum N, A, W Phillips 690 MS<br />
Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. wiry witchgrass N, A Hatch 9826 MS<br />
Panicum gattingeri Nash 2 Gattinger's panicum N, A<br />
Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. 2 Philadelphia witchgrass N, A<br />
Panicum repens L. torpedograss N, P, W, IN Hatch 9266 MS<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. elongatum (Pursh) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass N, P, W Phillips 552 AL<br />
Paspalum almum Chase Comb's crowngrass I, P Hatch 9895 MS<br />
Paspalum boscianum Fluggé bull paspalum N, A Hatch 10038 AL<br />
- 58 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Paspalum convexum Humb.& Bonpl ex Flueggé.<br />
Mexican paspalum<br />
I, A<br />
Hatch 9850 MS<br />
Paspalum dilitatatum Poir. dallisgrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 339 TN<br />
Paspalum dissectum (L.)L. 2 mudbank paspalum N, P<br />
Paspalum distichum L. 2 knotgrass N, P<br />
Paspalum floridanum Michx. Florida paspalum N, P Phillips 610 MS<br />
Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth 2 water paspalum N, A<br />
Paspalum laeve Michx. roundseed paspalum N, P Hatch 9885 MS<br />
Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 319 TN<br />
Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed paspalum N, P Phillips 326 TN<br />
Paspalum setaceum Michx. thin paspalum N, P Phillips 437 TN<br />
Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass I, P, W Phillips 614 MS<br />
Paspalum virgatum L. seashore paspalum N, P Phillips 611 MS<br />
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. 1 pearl millet I, A/P, W, IN<br />
Phalaris canariensis L. 2 annual canarygrass I, A<br />
Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina canarygrass N, A Hatch 9105 MS<br />
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash savannah panicum N, P Phillips 682 MS<br />
Phleum pratense L. timothy I, P, W, IN Kruse 1497 TN<br />
Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi blackseed needlegrass N, P Hatch 9399 MS<br />
Poa annua L. annual bluegrass I, A, W Phillips 755 TN<br />
Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Willd. autumn bluegrass N, P Kruse 1351 AL<br />
Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 2 Chapman's bluegrass N, A<br />
Poa compressa L. 2 Canada bluegrass I, P<br />
Poa cuspidata Nutt. 2 early bluegrass N, P<br />
- 59 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Poa pratensis L.<br />
Kentucky bluegrass<br />
N/I, P, W, IN Kruse 1301 TN<br />
Poa sylvestris Gray 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> bluegrass N, P<br />
Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. 2 silver plumegrass N, P<br />
Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. brevibarbe shortbeard plumegrass N, P Phillips 629 MS<br />
Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. contortum (Ell.) R. Webster shortbeard plumegrass N, P Hatch 9916 MS<br />
Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. sugarcane plumegrass N, P Phillips 620 MS<br />
Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase glenwood grass I, P Phillips 699 MS<br />
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. 2 meadow fescue I, P<br />
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium little bluestem N, P Hatch 9831 MS<br />
Secale cereale L. 2 cereal rye I, A, W<br />
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail bristlegrass I, A, W Phillips 382 TN<br />
Setaria parvi<strong>flora</strong> (Poir.)Kerguel. knotroot bristlegrass N, P, W Phillips 498 TN<br />
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pallidifusa<br />
(Schumacher) B.K. Simon<br />
yellow bristlegrass I, A, W, IN Hatch 9974 MS<br />
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pumila yellow bristlegrass I, A Phillips 623 MS<br />
Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis 2 green bristlegrass I, A, IN<br />
Sorghastrum elliottii (C. Mohr) Nash slender indiangrass N, P Hatch 10059 MS<br />
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash yellow indiangrass N, P, W Phillips 551 AL<br />
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench2 sorghum I, A, W, IN<br />
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 379 TN<br />
Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 2 prairie cordgrass N, P<br />
Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. longleaf wedgescale N, P Hatch 9078 MS<br />
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender wedgescale N, P Hatch 9065 MS<br />
- 60 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn.<br />
shiny wedgescale<br />
N,P<br />
Kruse 1311 TN<br />
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata prairie wedgescale N, A/P Hatch 9318 MS<br />
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 swamp wedgescale N, P<br />
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus 2 tall dropseed N, P<br />
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & G<strong>and</strong>hi 2 meadow dropseed N, P<br />
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. smutgrass N/I, A/P, W Phillips 553 AL<br />
Sporobolus neglectus Nash 2 puffsheath dropseed N, A<br />
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners 2 Ozark dropseed N, A<br />
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. vaginiflorus poverty dropseed N, A Hatch 9826a MS<br />
Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash gaping panicum N, P Phillips 609 MS<br />
Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. flavus 2 purpletop N, P<br />
Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike tridens N, P Phillips 633 MS<br />
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gammagrass N, P, W Phillips 608 MS<br />
Triticum aestivum L. 2 wheat I, A, W<br />
Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R. Webster browntop signalgrass N, A/P, W Hatch 10077 MS<br />
Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R. Webster broadleaf signalgrass N, A, W Phillips 595 MS<br />
Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen dixie signalgrass I, A, W Hatch 9790 MS<br />
Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray brome fescue I, A Hatch 9263 MS<br />
Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. var. myuros rattail fescue I, A Hatch 9177 MS<br />
Vulpia octo<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern. 2 sixweeksgrass N, A<br />
Vulpia octo<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Rydb. var. octo<strong>flora</strong> annual fescue N, A Hatch 9784 MS<br />
Zea mays L. corn I, A, W Hatch 9784 MS<br />
Zizaniopsis milacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. giant cutgrass N, P Phillips 704 MS<br />
- 61 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
PONTEDARIACEAE<br />
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms water hyacinth I, P Kruse 1028 MS<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra dubia (Jacq.) MacM. 2 grassleaf mudplantain N, A/P<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra limosa (Sw.) Willd. 2 blue mudplantain N, A<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra reniformis Ruiz & Pavón 2 kidneyleaf mudplantain N, P<br />
Pontederia cordata L. 2 pickerelweed N, P<br />
POTAMOGETONACEAE<br />
Potamogeton crispus L. 2 curly pondweed I, P<br />
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. waterthread pondweed N, P Hatch 9326 MS<br />
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. 2 leafy pondweed N, P<br />
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 2 longleaf pondweed N, P<br />
Potamogeton pusillus L. 2 small pondweed N, P<br />
SMILACACEAE<br />
Smilax auriculata Walt. earleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9367 MS<br />
Smilax biltmoreana(Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Biltmore's carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax bona-nox L. saw greenbriar N, P Hatch 9149 MS<br />
Smilax glauca Walt. cat greenbriar N,P Phillips 534 SL<br />
Smilax herbacea L. 1 smooth carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax hugeri (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Huger's carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax lasioneura Hook. 2 Blue Ridge carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax laurifolia L. 1 laurel greenbriar N, P<br />
- 62 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Smilax pumila Walt.<br />
sasparilla vine<br />
N, P<br />
Phillps 454 TN<br />
Smilax rotundifolia L. roundleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9881 MS<br />
Smilax smallii Morong lanceleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9920 MS<br />
Smilax tamnoides L. 2 bristly greenbriar N, P<br />
Smilax walteri Pursh 2 coral greenbriar N, P<br />
TYPHACEAE<br />
Typha angustifolia L. 2 narrowleaf cattail I, P<br />
Typha latifolia L. broadleaf cattail N, P, W Phillips 401 TN<br />
XYRIACEAE<br />
Xyris caroliniana Walt. 1 Carolina yelloweyed grass N, P<br />
Xyris tennesseensis Kral 2 Tennessee yelloweyed grass N, P, E (F, AL, TN)<br />
Xyris torta Sm. 2 slender yelloweyed grass N, P<br />
ZANNICHELLIACEAE<br />
Zannichellia palustris L. 2 horned pondweed N, P<br />
- 63 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
MAGNOLIOPHYTA (Magnoliopsida – Dicots)<br />
ACANTHACEAE<br />
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. 2 branched foldwing N, A/P<br />
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl American water-willow N, P Phillips 1162 TN<br />
Justicia ovata (Walt.) L<strong>and</strong>au var. lanceolata (Chapman) R.W. Long 2 looseflower water- willow N, P<br />
Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. subsp. caroliniensis var. caroliniensis 2 Carolina wild petunia N<br />
Ruellia humilis Nutt. 2 fringeleaf wild petunia N, P<br />
Ruellia strepens L. limestone wild petunia N, P Hatch 9466 MS<br />
ACERACEAE<br />
Acer barbatum Michx. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn sugar maple N, P<br />
Acer negundo L. box elder N, P Phillips 344 TN<br />
Acer nigrum Michx. f. black maple N, P Phillips 1243 TN<br />
Acer platanoides L. Norway maple I, P, W, IN Hatch 9897 MS<br />
Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. 2 Drummond's maple N, P<br />
Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum sugar maple N, P Phillips 533 AL<br />
AIZOACEAE<br />
Trian<strong>the</strong>ma portulacastrum L. desert horsepurslane N, A/P, W Hatch 9796 MS<br />
AMARANTHACEAE<br />
Alternan<strong>the</strong>ra philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed I, P, W, IN Phillips 635 MS<br />
- 64 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Amaranthus albus L. 2<br />
prostrate pigweed<br />
N, A<br />
Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 2 mat amaranth I, A, W, IN<br />
Amaranthus caudatus L. 2 love-lies-bleeding I, A<br />
Amaranthus hybridus L. 1 slim amaranth N, A, W<br />
Amaranthus retr<strong>of</strong>lexus L. 2 redroot amaranth N, A, W, IN<br />
Amaranthus spinosus L. 1 spiny amaranth N, A, W<br />
Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer 2 roughfruit amaranth N, A<br />
Amaranthus viridis L. slender amaranth N, A , W Hatch 9776 MS<br />
Celosia argentea L. 2 silver cock's comb N, A<br />
Froelichia gracilis (Nutt.) Moq. 2 slender snakecotton N, A<br />
Iresine rhizomatosa St<strong>and</strong>l. 2 Juda's bush N, P<br />
ANACARDIACEAE<br />
Cotinus obovatus Raf. 2 American smoketree N, P<br />
Rhus aromatica Ait. 2 fragrant sumac N, P<br />
Rhus copallinum L. flameleaf sumac N, P Phillips 387 TN<br />
Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac N, P Phillips 725 MS<br />
Rhus typhina L. 2 staghorn sumac N, P<br />
Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Atlantic poison oak N, P Hatch 9970 MS<br />
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. radicans 2 eastern poisonivy N, P photograph<br />
Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze1 poison sumac N, P<br />
- 65 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
ANNONACEAE<br />
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw N, P Phillips 360 TN<br />
APIACEAE<br />
Ammoselinum butleri(Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2 Butler's s<strong>and</strong>parsley N, A<br />
Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray 2 plains s<strong>and</strong>parsley N, A<br />
Angelica atropurpurea L. 1 purplestem angelica N, P<br />
Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. hairy angelica N, P Phillips 1158 TN<br />
Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. 2 burr chervil I, A<br />
Bupleurum rotundifolium L. 2 hare's ear I, A<br />
Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz. spreading chervil N, A Phillips 783 MS<br />
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook var. tainturieri 2 hairyfruit chervil N, A<br />
Cicuta maculata L. water hemlock N, B/P, W, IN Phillips 512 TN<br />
Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock I, B, W, IN Phillips 844 TN<br />
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1 Canadian honewort N, P<br />
Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace I, B, W, IN Phillips 406 TN<br />
Daucus pusillus Michx. 1 American wild carrot N, A<br />
Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. harbinger <strong>of</strong> spring N, A/P Phillips 752 TN<br />
Eryngium aquaticum L. 1 rattlesnake master N, B<br />
Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. creeping eryngo N, P Hatch 9737 MS<br />
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. yuccifolium button eryngo N, P Phillips 672 MS<br />
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. manyflower marshpennywort N, P Hatch 9171 MS<br />
Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. 1 Canadian licorice-root N, P<br />
- 66 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke 2<br />
Clayton's sweetroot<br />
N, P<br />
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1 longstyle sweetroot N, P<br />
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. stiff cowbane N, P Phillips 473 TN<br />
Pastinaca sativa L. 2 wild parsnip I, B/P, W, IN<br />
Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.) Reichenb. 2 eastern yampah N, P<br />
Polytaenia nuttallii DC. 2 Nuttall's prairie parsley N, P<br />
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. herbwilliam N, A Hatch 9548 MS<br />
Ptilimnium costatum (Ell.) Raf. 2 ribbed mock bishopweed N, A<br />
Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. 2 laceflower N, A<br />
Sanicula canadensis L. 1 Canadian blacksnakeroot N, B<br />
Sanicula maril<strong>and</strong>ica L. 2 Maryl<strong>and</strong> sancile N, P<br />
Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe clustered blacksnakeroot N, A Phillips 377 TN<br />
Sanicula smallii Bickn. 2 Small's blacksnakeroot N, B/P<br />
Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. 2 largefruit blacksnakeroot N, P<br />
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude yellow pimpernel N, P<br />
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. hairyjoint meadowparsnip N, P Hatch 9462 MS<br />
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum Britt. 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P<br />
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. trifoliatum 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P<br />
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 2 spreading hedgeparsley I, A<br />
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. erect hedgeparsley I, A Phillips 1141 TN<br />
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. 2 knotted hedgeparsley I, A<br />
Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. whitenymph N, A Hatch 9730 MS<br />
Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. meadow zizia N, P Phillips 863 TN<br />
- 67 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch 1<br />
golden zizia<br />
N, P<br />
Zizia trifoliata (Michx.) Fern. 2 meadow alex<strong>and</strong>ers N, P<br />
APOCYNACEAE<br />
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. gattingeri Woods. 2 eastern bluestar N, P<br />
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. tabernaemontana 1 eastern bluestar N, P<br />
Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp N, P, W, IN Hatch 9459 MS<br />
Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray climbing dogbane N, P Hatch 8788 MS<br />
Vinca major L. 2 bigleaf periwinkle I, P, W, IN<br />
Vinca minor L. 2 common periwinkle I, P, W, IN<br />
AQUIFOLIACEAE<br />
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman 1 large gallberry N, P<br />
Ilex decidua Walt. possomhaw N, P Hatch 8788 MS<br />
Ilex longipes Chapman ex Trel. 2 Georgia holly N, P<br />
Ilex opaca L. American holly N, P Phillips 580 MS<br />
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray common winterberry N, P Hatch 9975 MS<br />
Ilex vomitoria Ait. 1 yaupon N, P<br />
ARALIACEAE<br />
Aralia racemosa L. 1 American spikenard N, P<br />
Aralia spinosa L. devil's walkingstick N, P Hatch 10054 MS<br />
Panax quinquefolius L. 1 American ginseng N, P, R (TN)<br />
- 68 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE<br />
Aristolochia serpentaria L. 2 Virginia snakeroot N, P<br />
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 2 woolly dutchman's pipe N, P<br />
Asarum canadense L. Canadian wild ginger N, P Phillips 735 MS<br />
Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small little brown jug N, P Hatch 9196 MS<br />
ASCLEPIADACEAE<br />
Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. 1 clasping milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods. 2 green milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. incarnate 2 swamp milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias perennis Walt. 1 aquatic milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed N, P Phillips 309 TN<br />
Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1 fourleaf milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias syriaca L. broadleaf milkweed N, P, W Phillips 399 TN<br />
Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed N, P Phillips 433 TN<br />
Asclepias variegata L. white milkweed N, P Phillips 506<br />
Asclepias verticillata L. 1 whorled milkweed N, P, W<br />
Asclepias viridi<strong>flora</strong> Raf. 1 green comet milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias viridis Walt. green antelopehorn N, P Hatch 9233 MS<br />
Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 2 honeyvine N, P, W<br />
Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. maroon Carolina milkvine N, P Hatch 9349 MS<br />
Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners angularfruit milkvine N, P Hatch 9742 MS<br />
Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woods. 2 climbing milkvine N, P<br />
- 69 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
ASTERACEAE<br />
Achillea millefolium L. yarrow N/I, P, W Hatch 9224 MS<br />
Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen var. repens (Walt.) R.K. Jansen oppositeleaf spotflower N, P Hatch 10072 MS<br />
Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima white snakeroot N, P Phillips 373 TN<br />
Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica 1 lesser snakeroot N, P<br />
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. common ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 372 TN<br />
Ambrosia bidentata Michx. 2 lanceleaf ragweed N, A<br />
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman ragweed N, A/P Hatch 10024 MS<br />
Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 536 AL<br />
Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. 2 prairie broomweed N, A, W<br />
Antennaria parlinii Fern.subsp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins1 Parlin's pussytoes N, P<br />
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. woman's tobacco N, P Phillips 818 TN<br />
Antennaria solitaria Rydb. 1 singlehead pussytoes N, P<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis arvensis L. 2 corn chamomile I, A<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis cotula L. 1 stinking chamomile I, A, W, IN<br />
Arctium minus Bernh. 1 lesser burdock I, B, W, IN<br />
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins. 1 pale Indian plantain N, P<br />
Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H.E. Robins. 1 ovateleaf cacalia N, P<br />
Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. 2 groovestem Indian plantain N, P<br />
Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins. 2 great Indian plantain N, P<br />
Artemisia annua L. 1 sweet sagewort I, A<br />
Artemisia vulgaris L. 2 common wormwood N/I, P<br />
Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. 2 entireleaf western daisy N, A<br />
- 70 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Baccharis halimifolia L.<br />
eastern baccharis<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 727 MS<br />
Bellis perennis L. 1 lawndaisy I, P, W<br />
Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. bearded beggarticks N, A, W, IN Phillips 430 TN<br />
Bidens bipinnata L. 1 Spanish needles N, A, W<br />
Bidens cernua L. nodding beggartick N,A Hatch 10007 MS<br />
Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. purple stem beggartick N, A Hatch 9849 MS<br />
Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. crowned beggartick N, A Phillips 423 TN<br />
Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt. 2 small beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens frondosa L. 2 devil's beggartick N, A, W<br />
Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. smooth beggartick N, A/P Phillips 1129 TN<br />
Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff smallfruit beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens tripartita L. 2 threelobe beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens vulgata Greene 2 big devils beggartick N, A<br />
Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. white doll's daisy N, P Hatch 1227 MS<br />
Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc. smallhead doll's daisy N, P Phillips 662 MS<br />
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. eupatorioides 2 false boneset N, P<br />
Calyptocarpus vialis Less. straggler daisy I, P Hatch 9957 MS<br />
Carduus nutans L. nodding plumeless thistle I, B/P, W, IN Phillips 1142 TN<br />
Centaurea cyanus L. garden cornflower I, A, W Phillips 1148 TN<br />
Centaurea diffusa Lam. 2 diffuse knapweed I, A/P<br />
Centaurea solstitialis L. 2 yellow star-thistle I, A, W, IN<br />
Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. 1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> goldenaster N, P<br />
Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. 2 s<strong>of</strong>t goldenaster N, A<br />
- 71 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cichorium intybus L. 2<br />
chicory<br />
I, B/P, W, IN<br />
Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 1 tall thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 2 Canada thistle I, P, W, IN<br />
Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 1 s<strong>of</strong>t thistle N, B/P<br />
Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Speng. field thistle N, B/P, W Phillips 547 AL<br />
Cirsium horridulum Michx. 1 yellow thistle N, A/B, W<br />
Cirsium muticum Michx. 1 swamp thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium scariosum Nutt. 1 meadow thistle N, B/P<br />
Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 1 Virginia thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1 bull thistle I, B, W, IN<br />
Cnicus benedictus L. 2 blessed thistle I, A<br />
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. blue mistflower N, P Phillips 352 TN<br />
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. canadensis Canada horseflower N, A/B Phillips 385 TN<br />
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronq. 2 Canada horseflower N, A/B<br />
Conyza ramosissima Cronq. 2 dwarf horseweed N, A, W<br />
Coreopsis auriculata L. lobed tickseed N, P Phillips 975 MS<br />
Coreopsis gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Hogg ex Sweet var. gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> 2 largeflower tickseed N, P<br />
Coreopsis lanceolata L. lanceleaf tickseed N, P Hatch 9355 MS<br />
Coreopsis major Walt. greater tickseed N, P Phillips 1132 TN<br />
Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. debilis (Sherff) E.B. Sm. 2 star tickseed N, P<br />
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. tinctoria 2 golden tickseed N, A/P<br />
Coreopsis tripteris L. tall tickseed N, P Phillips 560 AL<br />
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 2 garden cosmos I, A<br />
- 72 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 2<br />
sulphur cosmos<br />
I, A<br />
Crepis pulchra L. 2 smallflower hawksbeard I, A<br />
Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene1 cornel-leaf whitetop N, P<br />
Doellingeria umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees var. umbellata1 parasol whitetop N, P<br />
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. 1 clasping coneflower N, A, W<br />
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench eastern purple coneflower N, P, W Phillips 1195 AL<br />
Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small 2 Tennessee purple coneflower N, P, END<br />
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. false daisy N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9984 MS<br />
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Carolina elephantsfoot N, P Phillips 378 TN<br />
Elephantopus elatus Bertol. tall elephantsfoot N, P Hatch 9319 MS<br />
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 1 American burnweed N, A<br />
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. eastern daisy fleabane N, A Hatch 9319 MS<br />
Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane N, B/P, W Hatch 8691 MS<br />
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. robin's plantain N, P Phillips 905 TN<br />
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. prairie fleabane N, A/B Phillips 336 TN<br />
Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray1 slender fleabane N, P<br />
Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King & H.E. Robins. 2 trumpetweed N, P<br />
Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. maculatus1 spotted trumpetweed N, P<br />
Eupatorium album L. var. album 2 white thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium altissimum L. 1 tall thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small dogfennel N, P, W Phillips 631 MS<br />
Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. yankeeweed N, P Hatch 9911 MS<br />
Eupatorium glaucescens Ell. 2 waxy thoroughwort N, P<br />
- 73 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. var. calcaratum Fern. & Schub.<br />
hyssopleaf thoroughwort<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9978 MS<br />
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. common boneset N, P Phillips 469 TN<br />
Eupatorium pilosum Walt. rough boneset N, P Hatch 9949 MS<br />
Eupatorium purpureum L. 1 sweetscented joepyeweed N, P, W<br />
Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. rotundifolium 2 roundleaf eupatorium N, P<br />
Eupatorium semiserratum DC. 2 smallflower thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium serotinum Michx. lateflowering thoroughwort N, P Hatch 9912 MS<br />
Eupatorium sessilifolium L. 2 upl<strong>and</strong> boneset N, P<br />
Eurybia hemispherica (Alex<strong>and</strong>er) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn prairie aster N, P Hatch 9689 MS<br />
Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 2 bigleaf aster N, P<br />
Eurybia paludosa (Ait.) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn swamp aster N, P Phillips 466 TN<br />
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 2 flat-top goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene 2 Texas goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene1 bushy goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britt. slender goldentop N, P Hatch 10033 MS<br />
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Schultz-Bip. 1 annual trampweed I, A<br />
Fleischmannia incarnata(Walt.) King & H.E. Robins. 2 pink thoroughwort N, P<br />
Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. 2 shaggy soldier I, A<br />
Gamochaeta argyrina Nesom A Hatch 9411 MS<br />
Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguél. grey everlastin I, A Hatch 9635 MS<br />
Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera spoonleaf purple everlasting N, P Hatch 8804 MS<br />
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. 2 narrowleaf gumweed N, B/P<br />
Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. 2 false Indian plantain N, P<br />
- 74 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock<br />
bitter sneezeweed<br />
N, A, W<br />
Phillips 568 MS<br />
Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale 2 common sneezeweed N, P<br />
Helenium flexuosum Raf. purplehead sneezeweed N, P Hatch 9693 MS<br />
Helenium quadridentatum Labill longdisk sneezeweed N, A Phillips 658 MS<br />
Helianthus angustifolius L. swamp sunflower N, P Hatch 9835 MS<br />
Helianthus annuus L. 1 common sunflower N, A, W<br />
Helianthus atrorubens L. 1 purpledisk sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus decapetalus L. 1 thinleaf sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus divaricatus L. 1 woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P, W<br />
Helianthus eggertii Small 2 Eggert's sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus giganteus L. 2 giant sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus grosseserratus Martens 1 sawtooth sunflower N, P, W<br />
Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower N, P Phillips 474 TN<br />
Helianthus maximilianii Schrad. 2 Maximilian sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus microcephalus Torr. & Gray small woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P Phillips 363 TN<br />
Helianthus mollis Lam. ashy sunflower N, P Phillips 539a AL<br />
Helianthus silphioides Nutt. 2 rosinweed sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus strumosus L. 1 paleleaf woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus tuberosus L. 1 Jerusalem artichoke N, P, W<br />
Helianthus x glaucus Small (pro sp.) 2 [divaricatus x microcephalus] N, P<br />
Helianthus x laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.) 2 [pauciflorus x tuberosus] N, P<br />
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet1 smooth oxeye N, P<br />
Hetero<strong>the</strong>ca camporum (Greene) Shinners 2 lemonyellow false goldenaster N, P<br />
- 75 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Hetero<strong>the</strong>ca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby<br />
camphorweed<br />
N, A<br />
Phillips 1221 MS<br />
Hieracium gronovii L. queendevil N, P Phillips 468 TN<br />
Hieracium paniculatum L. 1 Allegheny hawkweed N, P<br />
Hieracium scabrum Michx. rough hawkweed N, P Phillips 664 MS<br />
Hypochaeris radicata L. 2 hairy catsear I, P, W, IN<br />
Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene 1 flaxleaf whitetop aster N, P<br />
Iva annua L. var. caudata (Small) R.C. Jackson 1 annual marshelder N, A<br />
Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff 2 Alabama warbonnet N, P<br />
Krigia bi<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Blake tw<strong>of</strong>lower dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, P Phillips 821 TN<br />
Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers weedy dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, A Phillips 924 TN<br />
Krigia d<strong>and</strong>elion (L.) Nutt. potato dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, P Phillips 790 MS<br />
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. 1 Virginia dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, A<br />
Lactuca canadensis L. Canada lettuce N, A/B Hatch 9700 MS<br />
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> lettuce N, A/B<br />
Lactuca graminifolia Michx. 2 grassleaf lettuce N, B/P<br />
Lactuca saligna L. 2 willowleaf lettuce I, A/B<br />
Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce I, A, W, IN Phillips 302 TN<br />
Leucan<strong>the</strong>mum vulgare Lam. ox-eye daisy I, P, W, IN Phillips 427 TN<br />
Liatris aspera Michx. 2 tall blazing star N, P<br />
Liatris pycnostachya Michx. prairie blazing star N, P Phillips 1208 MS<br />
Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. 1 devil's bite N, P<br />
Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. dense blazing star N, P Phillips 550 AL<br />
Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. squarrosa 2 scaly blazing star N, P<br />
- 76 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Liatris squarrulosa Michx. 1<br />
Appalachian blazing star<br />
N, P<br />
Marshallia trinervia (Walt.) Trel. 1 broadleaf Barbara's buttons N, P, T (TN)<br />
Matricaria discoidea DC. 2 disc mayweed I, A, W<br />
Matricaria recutita L. 2 German chamomile I, A<br />
Melan<strong>the</strong>ra nivea (L.) Small1 snow squarestem N, P<br />
Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. 2 Florida Keys hempvine N, P<br />
Mikania sc<strong>and</strong>ens (L.) Willd. climbing hempvine N, P, W, IN Phillips 1213 MS<br />
Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum1 stiff goldenrod N, P<br />
Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve1 Small's ragwort N, P<br />
Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve1 golden ragwort N, P<br />
Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey butterweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 792 MS<br />
Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve 2 roundleaf ragwort N, P<br />
Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.& D. Löve balsam groundsel N, P Phillips 930 TN<br />
Packera tomentosa (Michx.) C. Jeffrey 2 woolly ragwort N, P<br />
Par<strong>the</strong>nium integrifolium L. 1 wild quinine N, P<br />
Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt.var. graminifolia narrowleaf silkgrass N, P Phillips 1223 MS<br />
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. camphor weed N, P Phillips 606 MS<br />
Polymnia canadensis L. 1 whiteflower leafcup N, P<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s altissima L. tall rattlesnakeroot N, P Hatch 9875 MS<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s aspera Michx. 1 rough rattlesnakeroot N, P<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s barbata (Torr. & Gray) Milstead 2 barbed rattlesnakeroot N, P<br />
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt subsp. obtusifolium rabbittobacco N, A Phillpis 440 TN<br />
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Carolina desert chicory N, A/B, W Hatch 9760 MS<br />
- 77 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & St<strong>and</strong>l. 2<br />
upright prairie coneflower<br />
N, P<br />
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. 1 pinnate prairie coneflower N, P<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. fulgida orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9588 MS<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. speciosa (Wenderoth) Perdue orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9119 MS<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. umbrosa (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq. orange coneflower N, P Phillips 479 TN<br />
Rudbeckia hirta L. var. hirta 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P<br />
Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P<br />
Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata 2 cutleaf coneflower N, P<br />
Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh sweet coneflower N, P Phillips 685 MS<br />
Rudbeckia triloba L. 1 browneyed Susan N, P<br />
Senecio plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve prairie groundsel B/P Phillips 910 TN<br />
Senecio vulgaris L. 2 old-man-in-<strong>the</strong>-Spring I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S.P. narrowleaf whitetop aster N, P Phillips 1185 TN<br />
Silphium asteriscus L. 2 starry rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium integrifolium Michx. wholeleaf rosinweed N, P Phillips 558 AL<br />
Silphium mohrii Small 2 Mohr's rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium perfoliatum L. cup plant N, P, W, IN Phillips 1153 TN<br />
Silphium radula Nutt. 1 roughstem rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. 1 prairie rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium trifoliatum L. var. latifolium Gray whorled rosinweed N, P Phillips 555 AL<br />
Silphium trifoliatum L. var. trifoliatum whorled rosinweed N, P<br />
Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small1 hairy leafcup N, P<br />
Solidago arguta Ait. var. caroliniana Gray 2 Atlantic goldenrod N, P<br />
- 78 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Solidago bicolor L. 1<br />
white goldenrod<br />
N, P<br />
Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & Gray Canada goldenrod N, P, W Phillips 1218 MS<br />
Solidago curtisii Torr. & Gray 2 mountain decumbent goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago discoidea Ell. 1 rayless mock goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago flexicaulis L. 2 zigzag goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago gigantea Ait. giant goldenrod N, P Phillips 389 TN<br />
Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. 1 hairy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago juncea Ait. early goldenrod N, P Phillips 538b AL<br />
Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata Holz. 2 Missouri goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago nemoralis Ait. grey goldenrod N, P Phillips 431 TN<br />
Solidago odora Ait. 1 anisescented goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. 1 roundleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago roanensis Porter1 Roan Mountain goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq. 1 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fern. 2 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rupestris Raf. 2 rock goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago erecta (Pursh) 1 showy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray1 showy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago sphacelata Raf. 1 autumn goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia elmleaf goldenrod N, P Phillips 368 TN<br />
Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pavón field soliva I, A, W, IN Hatch 8718 MS<br />
Sonchus arvensis L. 2 field sowthistle I, P, W, IN<br />
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sowthistle I, A, W, IN Hatch 8704 MS<br />
- 79 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sonchus oleraceus L. 2<br />
common sowthistle<br />
I, A, W, IN<br />
Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom manyray aster N, P Phillips 1236 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) Nesom1 eastern silver aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom1 common blue wood aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn annual saltmarsh aster N, A/B Hatch 10046 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom var. drummondii 2 Drummond's aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom var. dumosum1 rice button aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom white heath aster N, P Hatch 9821 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.&D. Löve var. laeve smooth blue aster N, P Hatch 9858 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom subsp. lanceolatum white panicle aster N, P Hatch 9979 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D. Löve var. lateriflorum calico aster N, P Hatch 10002 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom 1 New Engl<strong>and</strong> aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom 2 aromatic aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Weig.) Nesom bottoml<strong>and</strong> aster N, P Hatch 9950 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Nesom var. oolentangiense 1 skyblue aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. gracile (Hook.) Nesom late purple aster N, P Phillips 1228 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. patens late purple aster N, P Hatch 10009 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum hairy white oldfield aster N, P Phillips 711 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum 1 willowleaf aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides(Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom crookedstem aster N, P Hatch 9856 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum priceae (Britt.) Nesom 2 lavender oldfield aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Ell.) Nesom smooth white oldfield aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom1 Short's aster N, P<br />
- 80 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom<br />
waxyleaf aster<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 10049 MS<br />
Tanacetum par<strong>the</strong>nium (L.) Schultz-Bip. feverfew I, P Phillips 838 TN<br />
Tanacetum vulgare L. 1 common tansy I, P, W, IN<br />
Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. 2 rock d<strong>and</strong>elion I, P<br />
Taraxacum <strong>of</strong>ficinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers common d<strong>and</strong>elion N/I, P, W Phillips 330 TN<br />
Tragopogon dubius Scop. 2 yellow salsify I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney 1 wingstem N, P<br />
Verbesina helianthoides Michx. gravelweed N, P Hatch 9369 MS<br />
Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. 2 yellow crownbeard N, P<br />
Verbesina virginica L. 1 white crownbeard N, B/P<br />
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. subsp. gigantea giant ironweed N, P Hatch 10043 MS<br />
Vernonia missurica Raf. 1 Missouri ironweed N, P<br />
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. 2 New York ironweed N, P<br />
Xanthium spinosum L. 2 spiny cocklebur I, A, W<br />
Xanthium strumarium L.var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. 2 rough cocklebur N, A<br />
Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 2 Oriental false hawksbeard I, A<br />
BALSAMINACEAE<br />
Impatiens capensis Meerb. jewelweed N, A Phillips 299 TN<br />
Impatiens pallida Nutt. 2 pale touch-me-not N, A<br />
BERBERIDACEAE<br />
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. 2 blue cohosh N, P<br />
- 81 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. 2<br />
twinleaf<br />
N, P<br />
N<strong>and</strong>ina domestica Thunb. 2 sacred bamboo I, P<br />
Podophyllum peltatum L. mayapple N, P Hatch 8730 MS<br />
BETULACEAE<br />
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. hazel alder N, P Phillips 482 TN<br />
Betula nigra L. river birch N, P Phillips 569 MS<br />
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. American hornbeam N, P Phillips 646 MS<br />
Corylus americana Walt. 1 American hazelnut N, P<br />
Ostrya virginiana (P.Mill.) K.Koch hophornbeam N, P Hatch 9143 MS<br />
BIGNONIACEAE<br />
Bignonia capreolata L. crossvine N, P Phillips 845 TN<br />
Campsis radicans (L.) Seems ex Bureau trumpet vine N, P, W Phillips 461 TN<br />
Catalpa bignonioides Walt. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn catalpa N, P<br />
Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. nor<strong>the</strong>rn catalpa N, P, W, IN Hatch 9188 MS<br />
BORAGINACEAE<br />
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell I, A, W, IN Phillips 827 TN<br />
Cynoglossum virginianum L. wild comfrey N, P Hatch 9176 MS<br />
Echium vulgare L. 1 common viper's bugloss I, A/B/P<br />
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston 1 beggarslice N, B/P<br />
Heliotropium europaeum L. 2 European heliotrope I, P<br />
- 82 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Heliotropium indicum L.<br />
Indian heliotrope<br />
I, P<br />
Phillips 593 MS<br />
Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. 2 pasture heliotrope N, A<br />
Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. 1 hoary puccoon N, P<br />
Lithospermum latifolium Michx. 2 American stoneseed N, P<br />
Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link1 Virginia bluebells N, P<br />
Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. 2 largeseed forget-me-not N, A<br />
Myosotis verna Nutt. spring forget-me-not N, A/B Phillips 911 TN<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. bejariense 2 s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed N, P<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. hispidissimum (Mackenzie)<br />
B.L. Turner 2<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed N, P<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mackenzie)<br />
B.L. Turner 2<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed N, P<br />
BRASSICACEAE<br />
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Gr<strong>and</strong>e 2 garlic mustard I, A/B<br />
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1 mouseear cress I, A<br />
Arabis canadensis L. 2 sicklepod N, B<br />
Arabis georgiana Harper 2 Georgia rockcress N, B<br />
Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 2 tower rockcress N, A/B/P<br />
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins 2 creamflower rockcress N, A/B/P<br />
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. var. laevigata 2 smooth rockcress N, B<br />
Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun 2 Nevada rockcress N, P<br />
Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason 2 Short's rockcress N, B/P<br />
- 83 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers. 1<br />
early yellowrocket<br />
I, B/P<br />
Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. 2 garden yellowrocket I, B, W, IN<br />
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 2 hoary alyssum I, A/B/P<br />
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. India mustard I, A/P Phillips 808 TN<br />
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch black mustard I, A Hatch 8792 MS<br />
Brassica rapa L. 2 field mustard I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 2 littlepod false flax I, A/B, W<br />
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. shepard's purse I, A, W, IN Phillips 786 MS<br />
Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz 1 slender toothwort N, P<br />
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl) B.S.P. bulb bittercress N, P Phillips 780 MS<br />
Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. cutleaf toothwort N, P Phillips 751 TN<br />
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Woods. 2 crinkleroot N, P<br />
Cardamine dissecta (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz 2 forkleaf toothwort N, P<br />
Cardamine douglassii Britt. 2 limestone bittercress N, P<br />
Cardamine hirsuta L. 2 hairy bittercress I, A<br />
Cardamine parvi<strong>flora</strong> L. var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz1 s<strong>and</strong> bittercress N, A<br />
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Pennsylvania bittercress N, A Phillips 739 TN<br />
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 2 hare's ear mustard I, A, W<br />
Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. subsp. brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling 2 western tansymustard N, A/B<br />
Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 1 shortpod draba N, A<br />
Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2 wedgeleaf draba N, A<br />
Draba verna L. spring draba I, A Phillips 753 TN<br />
Erysimum rep<strong>and</strong>um L. 2 spreading wallflower I, A, W<br />
- 84 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. 2<br />
purplerocket<br />
N, P<br />
Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. exigua 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. lutea Rollins 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia stylosa Gray 2 cedar gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia torulosa Gray 2 necklace gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia uni<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Britt. 2 Michaux's gladecress N, A<br />
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. 2 field pepperweed I, A/B<br />
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 2 common pepperweed N, A/B, W<br />
Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia pepperweed N, A/B/P, W Phillips 1125 TN<br />
Lesquerella densipila Rollins 2 Duck River bladderpod N, A<br />
Lesquerella globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. 2 globe bladderpod N, B/P<br />
Lesquerella lescurii (Gray) S. Wats. 2 Lescur's bladderpod N, A<br />
Lesquerella lyrata Rollins 2 lyreleaf bladderpod N, A, END<br />
Lunaria annua L. 2 annual honesty I, A/B<br />
Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. 2 claspleaf pennycress I, A<br />
Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish I, A/B, W Hatch 8799 MS<br />
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek watercress N, P Phillips 402 TN<br />
Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell 2 Fernald's yellowcress N, A/B/P<br />
Rorippa sessili<strong>flora</strong> (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 stalkless yellowcress N, A<br />
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. 1 creeping yellowcress I, P, W, IN<br />
Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins1 Virginia winged rockcress N, A/B<br />
Sisymbrium <strong>of</strong>ficinale (L.) Scop. 1 hedgemustard I, A<br />
Thlaspi arvense L. 2 field pennycress I, A, W, IN<br />
- 85 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
BUDDLEJACEAE<br />
Polypremum procumbens L. 1 juniper leaf N, A/P<br />
BUXACEAE<br />
Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra procumbens Michx. 1 Allegheny spurge N, P<br />
CABOMBACEAE<br />
Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. watershield N, P Phillips 565 MS<br />
CACTACEAE<br />
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 1 Barbary fig I, P<br />
Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2 devil's-tongue N, P<br />
CALLITRICHACEAE<br />
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh twoheaded water-starwort N, P Kruse 969 AL<br />
Callitriche terrestris Raf. terrestrial water-starwort N, A Hatch 8761 MS<br />
CALYCANTHACEAE<br />
Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus eastern sweet shrub N, P Hatch 9052 MS<br />
CAMPANULACEAE<br />
Campanula rapunculoides L. 2 rampion bellflower I, P<br />
Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small American bellflower N, A Phillips 1138 TN<br />
- 86 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. var. gattingeri (Gray) McVaugh 2<br />
Gattinger's lobelia<br />
N, A/B<br />
Lobelia cardinalis L. scarletflower N, P Phillips 428 TN<br />
Lobelia inflata L. indiantobacco N, A Phillips 428 TN<br />
Lobelia puberula Michx. 1 downy lobelia N, P<br />
Lobelia siphilitica L. great blue lobelia N, P Phillips 397 TN<br />
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) Mackenzie & Bush1 palespike lobelia N, P<br />
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. bi<strong>flora</strong> (Ruiz & Pavón) Bradley clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 8698 MS<br />
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 9092 MS<br />
CANNABACEAE<br />
Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese hop I, A/P<br />
CAPPARACEAE<br />
Cleome hassleriana Chod. 2 pink queen I, A<br />
Polanisia dodec<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) DC. 2 redwhisker clammyweed N, A<br />
CAPRIFOLIACEAE<br />
Abelia X gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> (Rovelli ex André) Rehd. 1 [chinensis x uni<strong>flora</strong>] I, P<br />
Lonicera flava Sims2 yellow honeysuckle N, P, R (TN)<br />
Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 407 TN<br />
Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 793 TN<br />
Lonicera reticulata Raf. 2 grape honeysuckle N, P<br />
Lonicera sempervirens L. trumpet honeysuckle N, P Phillips 989 MS<br />
- 87 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli<br />
common elderberry<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 409 TN<br />
Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa red elderberry N, P Phillips 1130 TN<br />
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coralberry N, P Phillips 366 TN<br />
Triosteum angustifolium L. yellowfruit horse-gentian N, P Phillips 906 TN<br />
Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 2 orangefruit horse-gentian N, P<br />
Viburnum acerifolium L. 2 mapleleaf viburnum N, P<br />
Viburnum dentatum L. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn arrowwood N, P<br />
Viburnum nudum L. 1 possumhaw N, P<br />
Viburnum prunifolium L. blackhaw N, P Phillips 717 MS<br />
Viburnum rufidulum Raf. 1 rusty blackhaw N, P<br />
CARYOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Agrostemma githago L. 1 common corncockle I, A, W<br />
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. spreading s<strong>and</strong>wort N, P Phillips334 TN<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf s<strong>and</strong>wort I, A Hatch 8809 MS<br />
Cerastium arvense L. 2 field chickweed N, P<br />
Cerastium brachypetalum Desportes ex Pers. 2 gray chickweed I, A<br />
Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2 shortstalk chickweed N, P<br />
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet 2 big chickweed I, B/P<br />
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. sticky chickweed I, A Phillips 774b AL<br />
Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans 2 nodding chickweed N, A/P<br />
Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis 2 European chickweed I, A<br />
Cerastium semidec<strong>and</strong>rum L. 1 fivestamen chickweed I, A<br />
- 88 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Dianthus armeria L.<br />
Deptford pink<br />
I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 1123 TN<br />
Holosteum umbellatum L. 2 jagged chickweed I, A<br />
Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 2 pitcher's stitchwort N, A<br />
Minuartia uni<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Mattf. 1 oneflower stitchwort N, A<br />
Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood 2 smooth forked nailwort N, A<br />
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. 2 hairy forked nailwort N, A<br />
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray1 trailing pearlwort N, A<br />
Sagina procumbens L. 2 birdeye pearlwort I, P<br />
Saponaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 1 bouncingbet I, P, W, IN<br />
Silene antirrhina L. 2 sleepy silene N, A<br />
Silene latifolia Poir. 2 bladder campion I, B/P, W<br />
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. widowsfrill N, P Phillips 1177 TN<br />
Silene virginica L. firepink N, P Phillips 853 TN<br />
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke 2 maidenstears I, P, W<br />
Stellaria corei Shinners 2 Tennessee starwort N, P<br />
Stellaria fontinalis (Short & Peter) B.L. Robins. 2 American water starwort N, P<br />
Stellaria graminea L. grasslike starwort I, P Phillips 798 TN<br />
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media common chickweed I, A/P, IN Phillips 747 TN<br />
Stellaria pubera Michx. star chickweed N, P Phillips 855 TN<br />
CELSTRACEAE<br />
Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. 2 Oriental bittersweet I, P, IN<br />
Celastrus sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. 2 American bittersweet N, P<br />
- 89 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Euonymus americanus L.<br />
strawberry bush<br />
N, P<br />
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1 burningbush N, P<br />
Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. 2 winter creeper I, P, W, IN<br />
- 90 -<br />
Phillips 495<br />
CERATOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Ceratophyllum demersum L. coon's tail N, P Phillips 694 MS<br />
CHENOPODIACEAE<br />
Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott 2 burningbush I, A<br />
Chenopodium album L. 2 lambsquarters N/I, A, W, IN<br />
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 1 Mexican tea I, A/P, W<br />
Chenopodium berl<strong>and</strong>ieri Moq. var. zschackii (J. Murr.) J. Murr. ex Aschers. 1 Zschack's goosefoot N, A<br />
Chenopodium botrys L. 1 Jerusalem oak goosefoot I, A<br />
Chenopodium st<strong>and</strong>leyanum Aellen 2 St<strong>and</strong>ley's goosefoot N, A<br />
Salsola tragus L. 2 prickly Russian thistle I, A, W, IN<br />
CISTACEAE<br />
Lechea minor L. 2 thymeleaf pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea mucronata Raf. 2 hairy pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea racemulosa Michx. 2 Illinois pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea tenuifolia Michx. 2 narrowleaf pinweed N, P<br />
TN
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
CLETHRACEAE<br />
Clethra acuminata Michx. mountain sweetpepperbush N, P Hatch 9682 MS<br />
CLUSIACEAE<br />
Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex W. Bart. 1 creeping St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum crux-<strong>and</strong>reae (L.) Crantz. St. Peterswort N, P Hatch 9680 MS<br />
Hypericum densiflorum Pursh1 bushy St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum denticulatum Walt. 1 coppery St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Gray nits <strong>and</strong> lice N, A Phillips 1174 TN<br />
Hypericum frondosum Michx. 2 cedarglade St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. 2 orangegrass N, A<br />
Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray 2 claspingleaf St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz subsp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson St. Andrewscross N, P Phillips 1184 TN<br />
Hypericum mutilum L. dwarf St. Johnswort N, A/P Phillips 549 AL<br />
Hypericum nudiflorum Michx. ex Willd. 1 early St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum perforatum L. 2 common St. Johnswort I, P, W, IN<br />
Hypericum prolificum L. shrubby St. Johnswort N, P Phillips 1165 TN<br />
Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush false spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9702 MS<br />
Hypericum punctatum Lam. spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9732 MS<br />
Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. 2 roundseed St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum virgatum Lam. 2 sharpleaf St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason 2 lesser marsh St.Johnswort N, P<br />
- 91 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
CONVOLVULACEAE<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. angulata Brummitt 1 hedge false bindweed N, P<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt 2 hedge false bindweed N, P<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium 2 hedge false bindweed I, P, W<br />
Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh 2 low false bindweed N, P<br />
Convolvulus arvensis L. 1 field bindweed I, P, W, IN<br />
Dichondra carolinensis Michx. Carolina ponysfoot N, P, W Phillips 640 MS<br />
Ipomoea coccinea L. 1 redstar I, A, W, IN<br />
Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 520 AL<br />
Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morning-glory N, A, W, IN Phillips 590 MS<br />
Ipomoea p<strong>and</strong>urata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. man-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-earth N, P, W, IN Hatch 9562 MS<br />
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 524 AL<br />
Ipomoea quamoclit L. 2 cypressvine I, A, W, IN<br />
Ipomoea wrightii Gray Wright's morning-glory I, A/P, W, IN Phillips 1230 MS<br />
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. hairy clustervine N, A, W Hatch 10015 MS<br />
Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapman1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn dawnflower N, P<br />
CORNACEAE<br />
Cornus alternifolia L.f. alternateleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 817 TN<br />
Cornus amomum P. Mill. silky dogwood N, P Phillips 571 MS<br />
Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. roughleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 460 TN<br />
Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood N, P, W Phillips 346 TN<br />
Cornus foemina P. Mill. stiff dogwood N, P Hatch 9347 MS<br />
- 92 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
CRASSULACEAE<br />
Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop N, P Phillips 637 MS<br />
Sedum pulchellum Michx. widowscross N, A/B Phillips 847 TN<br />
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 2 stringy stonecrop I, P<br />
Sedum ternatum Michx. woodl<strong>and</strong> stonecrop N, P Kruse 1354 AL<br />
CUCURBITACEAE<br />
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus 2 watermelon I, A<br />
Cucumis melo L. cantaloupe I, A, W Hatch 9794 MS<br />
Melothria pendula L. 1 Guadeloupe cucumber N, P<br />
Sicyos angulatus L. 2 oneseed burr cucumber N, A, W<br />
CUSCUTACEAE<br />
Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy1 compact dodder N, P<br />
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes1 scaldweed N, P<br />
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona1 fiveangled dodder N, A/P, IN<br />
CYRILLACEAE<br />
Cyrilla racemi<strong>flora</strong> L. swamp titi N, P Hatch 9301 MS<br />
DIPSACACEAE<br />
Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's teasel I, B, W Kruse 1478 TN<br />
- 93 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
DROSERACEAE<br />
Drosera brevifolia Pursh1 dwarf sundew N, A/P, T (TN)<br />
EBENACEAE<br />
Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon N, P Phillips 453 TN<br />
ELAEAGNACEAE<br />
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. autumn olive I, P, W, IN Phillips 509 TN<br />
ERICACEAE<br />
Epigaea repens L. 2 trailing arbutus N, P<br />
Kalmia latifolia L. mountain laurel N, P Phillips 990 MS<br />
Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosi<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Fern. 1 maleberry N, P<br />
Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. sourwood N, P Phillips 510 TN<br />
Rhododendron alabamense Rehder Alabama azalea N, P Phillips 822 TN<br />
Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet mountain azalea N, P Phillips 819 TN<br />
Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners 2 pink azalea N, P<br />
Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais 2 early azalea N, P<br />
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. farkleberry N, P Phillips 949 TN<br />
Vaccinium corymbosum L. highbush blueberry N, P Phillips 957 AL<br />
Vaccinium elliottii Chapman Elliot's blueberry N, P Phillips 781 MS<br />
Vaccinium fuscatum Ait. 2 black highbush blueberry N, P<br />
Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Blue Ridge blueberry N, P Phillips 907 TN<br />
- 94 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Vaccinium stamineum L.<br />
deerberry<br />
- 95 -<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 820<br />
EUPHORBIACEAE<br />
Acalypha gracilens Gray slender threeseed mercury N, A Phillips 548 AL<br />
Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell 2 pinel<strong>and</strong> threeseed mercury N, A, W<br />
Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. 1 common threeseed mercury N, A<br />
Acalypha virginica L. 1 Virginia threeseed mercury N, A, W<br />
Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small 2 spreading s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A<br />
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small1 hyssopleaf s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P, W<br />
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small spotted s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A, W Phillips380 TN<br />
Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small 2 eyebane N, A/P, W<br />
Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small prostrate s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P Hatch 9755 MS<br />
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small 2 matted s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P<br />
Croton capitatus Michx. hogwort N, A, W Hatch 9755 MS<br />
Croton gl<strong>and</strong>ulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. 1 vente conmigo N, A, W<br />
Croton monanthogynus Michx. 1 prairie tea N, A<br />
Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster 2 Willdenow's croton N, A<br />
Ditrysinia fruticosa (Bartr.) Govaerts & Frodin Gulf Sebastian-bush N, P Hatch 9302 MS<br />
Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex Gray1 tinted woodl<strong>and</strong> spurge N, A<br />
Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge N, P Phillips 432 TN<br />
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. 2 fire on <strong>the</strong> mountain N, A/P, W<br />
Euphorbia cyparissias L. 2 cypress spurge I, P<br />
Euphorbia dentata Michx. var. dentata 2 too<strong>the</strong>d spurge N/I, A<br />
TN
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Euphorbia helioscopia L. 2<br />
madwoman's milk<br />
I, A<br />
Euphorbia mercurialina Michx. 2 mercury spurge N, P<br />
Euphorbia spathulata Lam. warty spurge N, A/P Hatch 9132 MS<br />
Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. 2 Carolina leaf-flower N, A<br />
Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 2 Mascarene Isl<strong>and</strong> leaf flower I, A<br />
Phyllanthus urinaria L. 2 chamber bitter I, A, W, IN<br />
Tragia cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf noseburn N, P<br />
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree I, P, W, IN Phillips 713 MS<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa tress I, P, W, IN Phillips 491 TN<br />
Amorpha fruticosa L. desert false indigo N, P Hatch 9740 MS<br />
Amorpha glabra Desf. ex Poir. 2 mountain false indigo N, P<br />
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 1 American hogpeanut N, A/P<br />
Apios americana Medik. 1 groundnut N, P<br />
Apios priceana B.L. Robbins Price's potato-bean N, P, T (F),<br />
Phillips 490 TN<br />
E (AL, MS, TN) Photograph<br />
Astragalus canadensis L. 2 Canadian milkvetch N, P<br />
Astragalus tennesseensis Gray ex Chapman 2 Tennessee milkvetch N, P<br />
Astragalus villosus Michx. bearded milkvetch N, A Hatch 9660 MS<br />
Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely largeleaf wild indigo N, P Hatch 9322 MS<br />
Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. var. minor (Lehm.) Fern. blue wild indigo N, P Hatch 10030 MS<br />
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. 1 horseflyweed N, P<br />
- 96 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.<br />
spurred butterflypea<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 577 MS<br />
Cercis canadensis L. redbud N, P Phillips 311 TN<br />
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata sleeping plant N, A, W Phillips 465 TN<br />
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P<br />
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P<br />
Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd 2 Kentucky yellowwood N, P<br />
Clitoria mariana L. Atlantic pigeonwings N, P Hatch 9599 MS<br />
Crotalaria sagittalis L. arrowhead rattlebox N, P Phillips 626 MS<br />
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth1 showy rattlebox I, A, W<br />
Dalea c<strong>and</strong>ida Michx. ex Willd. var. c<strong>and</strong>ida white prairieclover N, P Phillips 1210 MS<br />
Dalea foliosa (Gray) Barneby 2 leafy prairieclover N, P<br />
Dalea gattingeri (Heller) Barneby 2 purpletassels N, P<br />
Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock 2 foxtail prairie clover N, A<br />
Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea 2 purple prairieclover N, P<br />
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Illinois bundleflower N, P, W Phillips 618 MS<br />
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. 1 hoary ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9947 MS<br />
Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud. var. cuspidatum 1 largebract ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. 2 Dillenius' ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood pointedleaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9815 MS<br />
Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 2 smooth ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium maril<strong>and</strong>icum (L.) DC. 2 smooth small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. nakedflower ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 1156 TN<br />
- 97 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. 2<br />
Nuttall's ticktrefoil<br />
N, P<br />
Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. stiff ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 400 TN<br />
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum panicledleaf ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 313 TN<br />
Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. fewflowered ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 374 TN<br />
Desmodium perplexum Schub. 2 perplexed ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium rotundifolium DC. 1 prostrate ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray1 sessileleaf ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. 1 velvetleaf ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Dioclea multi<strong>flora</strong> (Torr. & Gray) C. Mohr1 Boykin's clusterpea N, P<br />
Erythrina herbacea L. 1 redcardinal N, P<br />
Galactia floridana Torr. & Gray1 Florida milkpea N, P<br />
Galactia regularis (L.) B.S.P. 2 eastern milkpea N, P<br />
Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. 1 downy milkpea N, P<br />
Gleditsia triacanthos L. common honey locust N, P Phillips 404 TN<br />
Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch 2 Kentucky c<strong>of</strong>feetree N, P<br />
Indig<strong>of</strong>era tinctoria L. 1 true indigo I, P<br />
Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino1 Korean clover I, A<br />
Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Japanese clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 429 TN<br />
Lathyrus hirsutus L. 1 Caley pea I, A<br />
Lathyrus latifolius L. 2 perennial pea I, P, W<br />
Lathyrus pusillus Ell. tiny pea N, A Hatch 9077 MS<br />
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 2 shrub lespedeza I, P, W, IN<br />
Lespedeza capitata Michx. roundhead lespedeza N, P Phillips 669 MS<br />
- 98 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don<br />
Chinese lespedeza<br />
I, P, W, IN<br />
Phillips 381 TN<br />
Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. 1 shrubby lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. 1 hairy lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza procumbens Michx. 1 trailing lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart. creeping lespedeza N, P Phillips 497 TN<br />
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. 1 violet lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. slender lespedeza N, P Phillips 561 AL<br />
Lespedeza x manniana Mackenzie & Bush (pro sp.) [capitata x violacea] N, P Phillips 1171 TN<br />
Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. 1 spotted medick I, A<br />
Medicago lupulina L. hop clover I, A, W Hatch8707 MS<br />
Medicago minima (L.) L. little burclover I, A Hatch 8695 MS<br />
Medicago polymorpha L. burclover I, A Hatch 8810 MS<br />
Medicago sativa L. 1 alfalfa I, A/P, W<br />
Melilotus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover I, A/B/P, W, IN Hatch 9461 MS<br />
Mimosa microphylla Dry. littleleaf sensitivebriar N, P Hatch 9388 MS<br />
Orbexilum pedunculatum (P.Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Sampson's snakeroot N, P Hatch 9313 MS<br />
Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely2 Sampson's snakeroot N, P<br />
Pediomelum subacaule (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. 2 whiterim scurfpea N, P<br />
Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P. 1 thicket bean N, P<br />
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu I, P, W, IN Phillips 721 MS<br />
Rhynchosia difformis (Ell.) DC. 2 doubleform snoutbean N, P<br />
Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray1 prairie snoutbean N, P<br />
Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. var. tomentosa twining snoutbean N, P Phillips 1200 MS<br />
- 99 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Robinia hispida L. 2<br />
bristly locust<br />
N, P<br />
Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust N, P, W, IN Phillips 318 TN<br />
Securigera varia (L.) Lassen purple crownvetch I, P, W, IN Phillips 388 TN<br />
Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby2 American senna N, P<br />
Senna maril<strong>and</strong>ica (L.) Link1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> senna N, P<br />
Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Java-bean N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10017 MS<br />
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link1 septicweed I, A/P, W<br />
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. 1 sickle senna I, P<br />
Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory poisonbean N, P Phillips 605 MS<br />
Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh bigpod sesbania N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10014 MS<br />
Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. 1 amberique-bean N, A<br />
Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper2 slickseed fuzzybean N, A<br />
Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt. pink fuzzybean N, P Phillips 425 TN<br />
Stylosan<strong>the</strong>s bi<strong>flora</strong> (L.) B.S.P. sidebeak pencilflower N, P Phillips 496 TN<br />
Tephrosia spicata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray1 spiked hoarypea N, P<br />
Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. 1 Virginia <strong>the</strong>phrosia N, P<br />
Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 2 Aaron's rod N, P<br />
Trifolium campestre Schreb. field clover I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 803 TN<br />
Trifolium dubium Sibthorp smallhop clover I, A Phillips 493 TN<br />
Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover I, A/P Hatch8776 MS<br />
Trifolium incarnatum L. crimson clover I, A, W Phillips 840 TN<br />
Trifolium pratense L. red clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 305 TN<br />
Trifolium reflexum L. 2 buffalo clover N, A/B<br />
- 100 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Trifolium repens L. var. repens<br />
white clover<br />
I, P, IN<br />
Phillips 322 TN<br />
Trifolium resupinatum L. reversed clover I, A Hatch 9179 MS<br />
Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat. 1 running buffalo clover N, P<br />
Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American deervetch N, P Hatch 8728 MS<br />
Vicia caroliniana Walt. Carolina vetch N, P Phillips 904 TN<br />
Vicia cracca L. 1 bird vetch I, P<br />
Vicia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Scop. large yellow vetch I, A Hatch 8797 MS<br />
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray1 tiny vetch I, A<br />
Vicia minuti<strong>flora</strong> F.G. Dietr. pygmy flower vetch N, A Phillips 788 MS<br />
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. 3 garden vetch I, A Phillips 925 TN<br />
Vicia villosa Roth var. varia (Host) Corb. winter vetch I, A/B/P Phillips 997 AL<br />
Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa2 winter vetch I, A/B/P<br />
Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. 2 Japanese wisteria I, P, W, IN<br />
Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. American wisteria N, P Hatch 9465 MS<br />
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Chinese wisteria I, P, W, IN Phillips 974 MS<br />
FAGACEAE<br />
Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American chestnut N, P Phillips 572 MS<br />
Castanea mollissima Blume2 Chinese chestnut I, P<br />
Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. pumila1 chinkapin N, P<br />
Fagus gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia Ehrh. American beech N, P Phillips 417 TN<br />
Quercus alba L. white oak N, P Phillips 703 MS<br />
Quercus bicolor Willd. swamp white oak N, P Phillips 882 TN<br />
- 101 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Quercus coccinea Muenchh.<br />
scarlet oak<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9580 MS<br />
Quercus falcata Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P Phillips 542a AL<br />
Quercus imbricaria Michx. shingle oak N, P Hatch 10060 MS<br />
Quercus laurifolia Michx. 1 laurel oak N, P<br />
Quercus lyrata Walt. overcup oak N, P Phillips 508 TN<br />
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. bur oak N, P Phillips 544a AL<br />
Quercus maril<strong>and</strong>ica Muenchh. blackjack oak N, P Phillips 543a AL<br />
Quercus michauxii Nutt. swamp chestnut oak N, P Phillips 644 MS<br />
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. chinkapin oak N, P Phillips 1207 MS<br />
Quercus nigra L. water oak N, P Phillips 557 AL<br />
Quercus pagoda Raf. cherrybark oak N, P Hatch 10061 MS<br />
Quercus palustris Muenchh. 2 in oak N, P<br />
Quercus phellos L. willow oak N, P Phillips 500 TN<br />
Quercus prinus L. 1 chestnut oak N, P<br />
Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. 2 nor<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P<br />
Quercus rubra L. var. rubra2 nor<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P<br />
Quercus shumardii Buckl. 1 Shumard's oak N, P<br />
Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak N, P Phillips 459 TN<br />
Quercus texana Buckley Texas oak N, P Hatch 9598 MS<br />
Quercus velutina Lam. black oak N, P Phillips 545 AL<br />
Quercus virginiana P. Mill. 1 live oak N, P<br />
- 102 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
FUMARIACEAE<br />
Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. pale corydalis N, A Phillips 743 TN<br />
Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray subsp. australis (Chapman)<br />
G.B. Owenby2 smallflower fumewort N, A<br />
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 2 dutchman's breeches N, P<br />
GELSEMIACEAE<br />
Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil. Carolina jessamine N, P Hatch 8770 MS<br />
GENTIANACEAE<br />
Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. twining screwstem N, A/B<br />
Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. 2 yellow screwstem N, A<br />
Frasera caroliniensis Walt. 1 American columbo N, P<br />
Gentiana saponaria L. 1 harvestbells N, P<br />
Gentiana villosa L. 1 striped gentian N, P<br />
Obolaria virginica L. 1 Virginia pennywort N, P<br />
Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. rosepink N, A Hatch 9675 MS<br />
Sabatia brachiata Ell. narrowleaf rose gentian N, B Phillips 1167 TN<br />
Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. 2 slender rose gentian N, P<br />
GERANIACEAE<br />
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér ex Ait. 2 redstem stork's bill I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Geranium bicknellii Britt. 2 Bicknell's cranesbill N, A/B<br />
- 103 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Geranium carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung2 Carolina geranium<br />
N, A/B<br />
Hatch 8738 MS<br />
Geranium dissectum L. cutleaf geranium I, A/B, W Phillips 804b TN<br />
Geranium maculatum L. spotted geranium N, P Phillips 865 TN<br />
Geranium molle L. dovefoot geranium I, A/B/P Phillips 805 TN<br />
Geranium pusillum L. small geranium I, A/B Phillips 777 AL<br />
GROSSULARIACEAE<br />
Itea virginica L. Virginia sweetspire N, P Kruse1397 MS<br />
HALORAGACEAE<br />
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. 2 parrot fea<strong>the</strong>r watermilfoil I, P, W, IN<br />
Myriophyllum spicatum L. spike watermilfoil I, P, W, IN Phillips 602 MS<br />
Proserpinaca palustris L. 1 marsh mermaidweed N, P<br />
HAMAMELIDACEAE<br />
Fo<strong>the</strong>rgilla gardenii L. 2 dwarf witchalder N, P<br />
Hamamelis virginiana L. 1 American witchhazel N, P<br />
Liquidambar styraciflua L. sweetgum N, P Phillips 314 TN<br />
HIPPOCASTANACEAE<br />
Aesculus flava Ait. yellow buckeye N, P Hatch 9469 MS<br />
Aesculus glabra Willd. 2 Ohio buckeye N, P<br />
Aesculus pavia L. red buckeye N, P Hatch 8794 MS<br />
- 104 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
HYDRANGEACEAE<br />
Decumaria barbara L. woodvamp N, P Phillips 652 MS<br />
Hydrangea arborescens L. 1 wild hydrangea N, P<br />
Hydrangea cinerea Small1 ashy hydrangea N, P<br />
Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. oakleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 654 MS<br />
Hydrangea radiata Walt. silverleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 471 TN<br />
Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. 2 streambank mock orange N, P<br />
Philadelphus inodorus L. scentless mock orange N, P Hatch 9053 MS<br />
Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. intectus (Beadle) A.H. Moore2 hoary mock orange N, P<br />
Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. pubescens2 hoary mock orange N, P<br />
HYDROPHYLLACEAE<br />
Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy oval false fiddleleaf N, P Hatch 9612 MS<br />
Hydrolea quadrivalvis Walt. waterpod N, P Phillips 563 MS<br />
Hydrolea uni<strong>flora</strong> Raf. oneflower false fiddleleaf N, P Phillips 1212 MS<br />
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. great waterleaf N, B Phillips 851 TN<br />
Hydrophyllum canadense L. 2 bluntleaf waterleaf N, P<br />
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. 1 largeleaf waterleaf N, P<br />
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Shawnee salad N, P Phillips 903 TN<br />
Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt small flowered baby blue eyes N, A Hatch 8785 MS<br />
Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. fernleaf phacelia N, B Phillips 850 TN<br />
Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. var. interior Fern. 2 interior phacelia N, A<br />
Phacelia purshii Buckl. Miami mist N, A Phillips 810 TN<br />
- 105 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
JUGLANDACEAE<br />
Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. mockernut hickory N, P Phillips 546 AL<br />
Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. water hickory N, P Hatch 9439 MS<br />
Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn shagbark hickory N, P<br />
Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch1 bitternut hickory N, P<br />
Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet pignut hickory N, P Phillips 656 MS<br />
Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch pecan N, P Phillips 726 MS<br />
Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don shellbark hickory N, P Phillips 351 TN<br />
Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. 2 red hickory N, P<br />
Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch shagbark hickory N, P Phillips 889 TN<br />
Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 2 s<strong>and</strong> hickory N, P<br />
Juglans cinerea L. 1 butternut N, P, T (TN)<br />
Juglans nigra L. black walnut N, P Phillips 535 AL<br />
LAMIACEAE<br />
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze2 yellow giant hyssop N, P<br />
Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. 1 downy pagoda-plant N, P<br />
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. 2 hairy pagoda-plant N, P<br />
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi2 lesser calamint I, P<br />
Clinopodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze2 Ozark calamint N, P<br />
Collinsonia canadensis L. 1 richweed N, P<br />
Collinsonia tuberosa Michx. 2 deepwoods horsebalm N, P<br />
Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. 1 common dittany N, P<br />
- 106 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Glechoma hederacea L.<br />
ground ivy<br />
I, P, W, IN<br />
Phillips 770 AL<br />
Hedeoma hispida Pursh rough false pennyroyal N, A Hatch 9261 MS<br />
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. 1 American false pennyroyal N, A<br />
Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit I, A, W, IN Phillips 744 TN<br />
Lamium purpureum L. purple dead nettle I, A, W, IN Phillips 740 TN<br />
Leonurus cardiaca L. 1 common mo<strong>the</strong>rwort I, P, W, IN<br />
Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. 2 American water horehound N, P<br />
Lycopus rubellus Moench2 taperleaf water horehound N, P<br />
Lycopus virginicus L. 1 Virginia water horehound N, P<br />
Marrubium vulgare L. 2 horehound I, P<br />
Melissa <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2 common balm I, P<br />
Mentha arvensis L. 2 wild mint N, P<br />
Mentha spicata L. spearmint I, P, W, IN Phillips 403 TN<br />
Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) 2 [aquatica X spicata] I, P<br />
Monarda bradburiana Beck1 eastern beebalm N, P<br />
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. lemon bee balm N, A/B/P Hatch 9457 MS<br />
Monarda clinopodia L. 2 white bergamot N, P<br />
Monarda fistulosa L. wild bergamot N, P Phillips 1135 TN<br />
Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims2 redpurple beebalm N, P<br />
Nepeta cataria L. 1 catnip I, P, W<br />
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. 1 beefsteakplant I, A, W, IN<br />
Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino2 obedient plant N, P<br />
Prunella vulgaris L. common selfheal N, P, W, IN Phillips 301 TN<br />
- 107 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum albescens Torr. & Gray<br />
whiteleaf mountainmint<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 369 TN<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum curvipes (Greene) E. Grant & Epling2 stone mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P. 1 Applachian mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum loomisii Nutt. 1 Loomis' mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum pycnan<strong>the</strong>moides (Leavenworth) Fern. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountianmint N, P Phillips 556 AL<br />
Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf sage N, P, W Hatch 8727 MS<br />
Salvia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2 kitchen sage I, P<br />
Salvia reflexa Hornem. 2 lanceleaf sage N, A, W<br />
Salvia urticifolia L. 1 nettleleaf sage N, P<br />
Scutellaria bushii Britt. Bush's skullcap N, P Phillips 1144 MS<br />
Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. var. hirsuta (Short & Peter) Fern. 2 hairy skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria incana Biehler var. australis (Epling) Collins hoary skullcap N, P Phillips 576 MS<br />
Scutellaria incana Biehler var. incana2 hoary skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria integrifolia L. helmetflower N, P Hatch 9294 MS<br />
Scutellaria lateri<strong>flora</strong> L. 1 blue skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria nervosa Pursh1 veiny skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria ovata Hill subsp. ovata2 heartleaf skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett2 small skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria siphocampyloides Vatke2 grayleaf skullcap N, P<br />
Stachys crenata Raf. 1 mousesear N, A/B/P<br />
Stachys cordata Riddell2 heartleaf hedgenettle N, P<br />
Stachys tenuifolia Willd. 1 smooth hedgenettle N, P<br />
- 108 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Syn<strong>and</strong>ra hispidula (Michx.) Britt. 2<br />
Guy<strong>and</strong>otte beauty<br />
N, P<br />
Teucrium canadense L. Canada germ<strong>and</strong>er N, P, W Phillips 1144 TN<br />
Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (Dur.) Jalas2 creeping thyme I, P<br />
Trichostema brachiatum L. 2 fluxweed N, A<br />
Trichostema dichotomum L. 1 forked bluecurls N, A<br />
LAURACEAE<br />
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume nor<strong>the</strong>rn spicebush N, P Phillips 412 TN<br />
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafrasl N, P Phillips 343 TN<br />
LINACEAE<br />
Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. stiff yellow flax N, A/P Hatch 9607b MS<br />
Linum striatum Walt. 1 ridged yellow flax N, P<br />
Linum sulcatum Riddell2 grooved flax N, A<br />
Linum usitatissimum L. 2 common flax I, A<br />
Linum virginianum L. woodl<strong>and</strong> flax N, P Hatch 9678 MS<br />
LENTIBULARIACEAE<br />
Utricularia gibba L. conespur bladderwort N, A Hatch 8803 MS<br />
LOGANIACEAE<br />
Spigelia maril<strong>and</strong>ica (L.) L. woodl<strong>and</strong> pinkroot N, P Hatch 9425 MS<br />
- 109 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
LYTHRACEAE<br />
Ammannia coccinea Rottb. purple ammannia N, A, W Phillips 598 MS<br />
Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. 2 Colombian waxweed I, A/P<br />
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. blue waxweed N, A Hatch 9941 MS<br />
Lagerstroemia indica L. crapemyrtle I, P, W, IN Hatch9819a MS<br />
Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock1 winged lythrum N, P<br />
Lythrum lineare L. w<strong>and</strong> lythrum N, P Hatch9735 MS<br />
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne2 lowl<strong>and</strong> rotala N, A, W<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip poplar N, P Phillips 317 TN<br />
Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. cucumber tree N, P Hatch 9101 MS<br />
Magnolia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> L. magnolia N, P Phillips 675 MS<br />
Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 1 bigleaf magnolia N, P<br />
Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. 2 umbrella-tree N, P<br />
Magnolia virginiana L. 1 sweetbay N, P<br />
MALVACEAE<br />
Abutilon <strong>the</strong>ophrasti Medik. 1 velvetleaf I, A, W, IN<br />
Alcea rosea L. 2 hollyhock I, B/P<br />
Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray2 light poppymallow N, P<br />
Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum1 upl<strong>and</strong> cotton N, A/P, W<br />
Hibiscus laevis All. 2 halberdleaf rosemallow N, P<br />
- 110 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. moscheutos<br />
crimson-eyed rose mallow<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 1246 TN<br />
Hibiscus moscheutos L. var. lasiocarpos (Cav.) O.J. Blanchard crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Hatch 9752 MS<br />
Hibiscus syriacus L. 1 rose <strong>of</strong> Sharon I, P<br />
Malva neglecta Wallr. 2 common mallow I, A/B/P, W, IN<br />
Malva pusilla Sm. 2 low mallow I, A/B<br />
Malva sylvestris L. 2 high mallow I, A/B/P<br />
Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. 2 hispid false mallow N, A<br />
Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Carolina bristlemallow N, A/B/P Hatch 9094a MS<br />
Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray2 Elliot's fanpetals N, P<br />
Sida rhombifolia L. cuban jute N, A/P, W Hatch 9777 MS<br />
Sida spinosa L. prickly fan petals N, A/P, W Phillips 732 MS<br />
MELIACEAE<br />
Melia azedarach L. Chinaberrytree I, P, W, IN Phillips 724 MS<br />
MELASTOMATACEAE<br />
Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & Bostick Maryl<strong>and</strong>'s meadowbeauty N, P Phillips 438 TN<br />
Rhexia mariana L. var. mariana2 Maryl<strong>and</strong>'s meadowbeauty N, P<br />
Rhexia virginica L. 2 h<strong>and</strong>some Harry N, P<br />
MENISPERMACEAE<br />
Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) Gray1 cupseed N, P<br />
Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina coralbead N, P, W Hatch 9560 MS<br />
- 111 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Menispermum canadense L. 2<br />
common moonseed N, P<br />
MOLLUGINACEAE<br />
Mollugo verticillata L. green carpetweed N, A, W Phillips 596 MS<br />
MONOTROPACEAE<br />
Monotropa hypopithys L. 1 pinesap N, P<br />
Monotropa uni<strong>flora</strong> L. Indianpipe N, P Kruse1554 MS<br />
MORACEAE<br />
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér ex Vent2 paper mulberry I, P, W, IN<br />
Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai2 hairy crabweed I, A, W<br />
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. osage orange N, P, W, IN Phillips 452 TN<br />
Morus alba L. white mulberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 350 TN<br />
Morus rubra L. red mulberry N, P Hatch 9798 MS<br />
MYRICACEAE<br />
Morella cerifera (L.) Small wax myrtle N, P Phillips 736<br />
NAJADACEAE<br />
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus2 sou<strong>the</strong>r waternymph N, A<br />
Najas minor All. 2 brittle waternymph I, A<br />
- 112 -<br />
MS
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
NELUMBONACEAE<br />
Nelumbo lutea Willd. American lotus N, P Phillips 564 MS<br />
NYCTAGINACEAE<br />
Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2 heartleaf four o'clock N, P, W<br />
NYMPHAEACEAE<br />
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. yellow cowlily N, P Phillips 564 MS<br />
Nymphaea odorata Ait. American waterlily N, P, W, IN Phillips 695 MS<br />
NYSSACEAE<br />
Nyssa aquatica L. water tupelo N, P Phillips 702 MS<br />
Nyssa bi<strong>flora</strong> Walt. 1 swamp tupelo N, P<br />
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. blackgum N, P Phillips 649 MS<br />
OLEACEAE<br />
Chionanthus virginicus L. white fringetree N, P Phillips 693 MS<br />
Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. 2 eastern swampprivet N, P<br />
Forestiera ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. 2 upl<strong>and</strong> swampprivet N, P<br />
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 2 greenstem forsythia I, P<br />
Fraxinus americana L. white ash N, P Phillips 370 TN<br />
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. green ash N, P Phillips 647 MS<br />
Fraxinus pr<strong>of</strong>unda (Bush) Bush pumpkin ash N, P Hatch 9448 MS<br />
- 113 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 2<br />
blue ash<br />
N, P<br />
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 2 Japanese privet I, P, W, IN<br />
Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet I, P, W, IN Phillips 574 MS<br />
Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet I, P Phillips 349 TN<br />
ONAGRACEAE<br />
Circaea lutetiana L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus1 broadleaf enchanter's nightshade N, P<br />
Epilobium coloratum Biehler2 purpleleaf willowherb N, P<br />
Gaura angustifolia Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn beeblossom N, A Phillips 659 MS<br />
Gaura biennis L. 2 biennial beeblossom N, B<br />
Gaura filipes Spach1 slenderstalk beeblossom N, P<br />
Gaura longi<strong>flora</strong> Spach longflower beeblossom N, P Phillips 617 MS<br />
Ludwigia alternifolia L. seedbox N, P Phillips 464 TN<br />
Ludwigia decurrens Walt. wingleaf waterprimrose N, P, W Phillips 603 MS<br />
Ludwigia hirtella Raf. spindleroot N, P Hatch 9677 MS<br />
Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara anglestem primrose-willow N, A/P Hatch 9998 MS<br />
Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. 2 smallfruit primrose-willow N, P<br />
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. marsh primrose-willow N, P Hatch 9185 MS<br />
Ludwigia peploides (Kuntze) Raven subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven floating primrose-willow N, P, W Hatch 9472 MS<br />
Ludwigia repens J. R. Forst. creeping primrose-willow N, P Phillips 537 AL<br />
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. globefruit primrose-willow N, P Phillips 604 MS<br />
Ludwigia virgata Michx. savannah primrose-willow N, P Phillips 630 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra biennis L. common evening primrose N, P, W Phillips 306 TN<br />
- 114 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra fruticosa L. subsp. fruticosa1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra fruticosa L. subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra laciniata Hill. cutleaf evening primrose N, A/P Hatch 9137 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra linifolia Hill. threadleaf evening primrose N, A Phillips 982 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra pilosella Raf. 1 meadow evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra speciosa Nutt. showy evening primrose N, P, W Hatch 9268 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra triloba Nutt. 2 stemless evening primrose N, A/B<br />
OROBANCHACEAE<br />
Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. 1 American cancer-root N, P<br />
Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart. beechdrops N, A Kruse 1559a MS<br />
Orobanche uni<strong>flora</strong> L. 2 oneflowered broomrape N, A<br />
OXALIDACEAE<br />
Oxalis corniculata L. creeping woodsorrel N, A/P Phillips 1193 AL<br />
Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 2 slender yellow woodsorrel N, P<br />
Oxalis gr<strong>and</strong>is Small2 great yellow woodsorrel N, A<br />
Oxalis priceae Small2 tufted yellow woodsorrel N, P<br />
Oxalis rubra St.-Hil. windowbox woodsorrel I, P Hatch 9103 MS<br />
Oxalis stricta L. common yellow oxalis N, P, W, IN Phillips 323 TN<br />
Oxalis violacea L. violet woodsorrel N, P Hatch 8732 MS<br />
- 115 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
PAPAVERACEAE<br />
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 2 plume poppy I, P<br />
Papaver dubium L. 2 blindeyes I, A<br />
Sanguinaria canadensis L. bloodroot N, P Hatch 8808 MS<br />
Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 2 celadine poppy N, P<br />
PASSIFLORACEAE<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> edulis Sims2 purple granadilla I, P<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> incarnata L. purple passionflower N, P, W Phillips 307 TN<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> lutea L. 2 yellow passionflower N, P, W<br />
PEDALIACEAE<br />
Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung2 ram's horn N, A, W, IN<br />
PHYTOLACCACEAE<br />
Phytolacca americana L. American pokeweed N, P, W Phillips 304 TN<br />
PLANTAGINACEAE<br />
Plantago aristata Michx. largebracted plantain N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9639 MS<br />
Plantago lanceolata L. lanceleaf plantain I, A/B/P, W, IN Phillips 320 TN<br />
Plantago major L. common plantain N, P, W, IN Hatch 9567 MS<br />
Plantago patagonica Jacq. 2 woolly plantain N, A<br />
Plantago pusilla Nutt. 2 dwarf plantain N, A<br />
- 116 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Plantago rhodosperma Dcne.<br />
redseed plantain<br />
N, A<br />
Hatch 8766 MS<br />
Plantago rugelii Dcne. 2 blackseed plantain N, P<br />
Plantago virginica L. Virginia plantain N, A/B Hatch 9219 MS<br />
PLATANACEAE<br />
Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore N, P Phillips 367 TN<br />
PODOSTEMACEAE<br />
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. 2 hornleaf riverweed N, P<br />
POLEMONIACEAE<br />
Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. 2 needleleaf navarretia N, A<br />
Phlox amoena Sims hairy phlox N, P Phillips 852 TN<br />
Phlox amplifolia Britt. 2 largeleaf phlox N, P<br />
Phlox bifida Beck subsp. stellaria (Gray) Wherry2 cleft phlox N, P<br />
Phlox carolina L. thickleaf phlox N, P Hatch 8743b MS<br />
Phlox divaricata L. 1 wild blue phlox N, P<br />
Phlox glaberrima L. smooth phlox N, P Phillips 515 TN<br />
Phlox maculata L. 2 wild sweetwilliam N, P<br />
Phlox paniculata L. 2 fall phlox N, P<br />
Phlox pilosa L. subsp. pilosa1 downy phlox N, P<br />
Polemonium reptans L. Greek valerian N, P Phillips 902 TN<br />
- 117 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
POLYGALACEAE<br />
Polygala ambigua Nutt. 1 whorled milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala boykinii Nutt. 1 Boykin's milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala cruciata L. 1 drumheads N, A<br />
Polygala curtissii Gray Curtiss' milkwort N, A Phillips 1182 TN<br />
Polygala incarnata L. procession flower N, A Phillips 674 MS<br />
Polygala mariana P. Mill. 1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. c<strong>and</strong>yroot N, A Hatch 9358 MS<br />
Polygala nuttallii Torr. & Gray2 Nuttall's milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala polygama Walt. 1 racemed milkwort N, B<br />
Polygala sanguinea L. purple milkwort N, A Hatch 9615 MS<br />
Polygala senega L. 1 Seneca snakeroot N, P<br />
Polygala verticillata L. var. verticillata2 whorled milkwort N, A<br />
POLYGONACEAE<br />
Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners American buckwheat vine N, P, W Phillips 592 MS<br />
Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. harperi (Goodman) Reveal2 Harper's buckwheat N, P<br />
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench2 buckwheat I, A<br />
Polygonum aviculare L. prostrate knotweed I, A, W Phillips 456 TN<br />
Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (de Bruyn) A.N. Steward2 Oriental ladysthumb N, A<br />
Polygonum cilinode Michx. 2 fringed black bindweed N, P<br />
Polygonum convolvulus L. 2 black bindweed I, A, W<br />
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese knotweed I, P, W, IN<br />
- 118 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Polygonum glabrum Willd.<br />
denseflower knotweed<br />
N, A/P<br />
Hatch 9254 MS<br />
Polygonum erectum L. 2 erect knotweed N, A<br />
Polygonum hirsutum Walt. hairy smartweed N, P Hatch 9715 MS<br />
Polygonum hydropiper L. marshpepper knotweed I, A Phillips 420 TN<br />
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. swamp smartweed N, P Phillips 310 TN<br />
Polygonum lapathifolium L. curlytop knotweed N, A, W Hatch 9955 MS<br />
Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania knotweed N, A, W Phillips 591 MS<br />
Polygonum persicaria L. 2 spotted ladysthumb I, A/P, W, IN<br />
Polygonum punctatum Ell. 1 dotted ladysthumb N, A/P<br />
Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small2 bushy knotweed N, A<br />
Polygonum sagittatum L. arrowleaf heartthumb I, A/P Phillips 1235 MS<br />
Polygonum sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason2 var. cristatum (Engelm.<br />
& Gray) Gleason2 climbing false buckwheat N, P<br />
Polygonum sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason var. dumetorum (L.)<br />
climbing false buckwheat N, P<br />
Gleason 1<br />
Polygonum virginianum L. jumpseed N, A/P Phillips 347 TN<br />
Rumex acetosella L. 1 common sheep sorrell I, P, W<br />
Rumex altissimus Wood pale dock N, P Phillips 914 TN<br />
Rumex chrysocarpus Moris2 amamastla N, P<br />
Rumex conglomeratus Murr. 2 clustered dock I, P<br />
Rumex crispus L. curly dock I, P, W Hatch 9131 MS<br />
Rumex hastatulus Baldw. heartwing sorrel N, P Phillips 837 TN<br />
Rumex obtusifolius L. 2 bitter dock I, P, W<br />
- 119 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Rumex patientia L. 1<br />
patience dock<br />
I, P<br />
Rumex pulcher L. fiddle dock I, P Hatch 9221 MS<br />
Rumex verticillatus L. 2 swamp dock N, P<br />
PORTULACACEAE<br />
Claytonia virginica L. spring beauty N, P Phillips 750 TN<br />
Montia linearis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene2 narrowleaf minerslettuce N, A<br />
Phemeranthus calcaricus (Ware) Kiger2 limestone fameflower N, P<br />
Portulaca oleracea L. 2 little hogweed I, A, W, IN<br />
PRIMULACEAE<br />
Anagallis arvensis L. 1 scarlet pimpernel I, A/B<br />
Anagallis minima (L.) Krause2 chaffweed N, A<br />
Dodeca<strong>the</strong>on frenchii (Vasey) Rydb. 2 French's shootingstar N, P<br />
Dodeca<strong>the</strong>on meadia L. 2 pride <strong>of</strong> Ohio N, P<br />
Lysimachia ciliata L. fringed loosestrife N, P Phillips 1157 TN<br />
Lysimachia hybrida Michx. 1 lowl<strong>and</strong> yellow loosestrife N, P<br />
Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. lanceleaf loosestrife N, P Phillips 1186 TN<br />
Lysimachia nummularia L. 2 creeping jenny I, P<br />
Lysimachia quadrifolia L. 1 whorled yellow loosestrife N, P<br />
Lysimachia radicans Hook. trailing yellow loosestrife N, P Hatch 9746 MS<br />
Samolus valer<strong>and</strong>i L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén2 seaside brookweed N, P<br />
- 120 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
PYROLACEAE<br />
Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh spotted wintergreen N, P Phillips 1124 TN<br />
RANUNCULACEAE<br />
Aconitum uncinatum L. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn mock monkshood N, P<br />
Actaea pachypoda Ell. 1 white baneberry N, P<br />
Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa1 black bugbane N, P<br />
Actaea rubifolia (Kearny) Kartesz2 Appalachian bugbane N, P<br />
Adonis annua L. 2 blooddrops I, A<br />
Anemone caroliniana Walt. 2 Carolina anemone N, P<br />
Anemone quinquefolia L. 1 wood anemone N, P<br />
Anemone virginiana L. 1 tall thimbleweed N, P<br />
Aquilegia canadensis L. 2 red columbine N, P<br />
Clematis catesbyana Pursh2 satincurls N, P<br />
Clematis crispa L. 2 swamp lea<strong>the</strong>r flower N, P<br />
Clematis terni<strong>flora</strong> DC. 2 sweet autumn virginsbower I, P<br />
Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. 2 pale lea<strong>the</strong>r flower N, P<br />
Clematis viorna L. 1 vasevine N, P<br />
Clematis virginiana L. virgin's bower N, P Phillips 300 TN<br />
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur2 doubtful knight's-spur I, A<br />
Delphinium alabamicum Kral2 Alabama larkspur N, P, END<br />
Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. calciphilum Warnock2 Carolina larkspur N, P<br />
Delphinium tricorne Michx. 1 dwarf larkspur N, P<br />
- 121 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Enemion biternatum Raf.<br />
eastern false rue anemone<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 757 TN<br />
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark sharplobed hepatica N, P Phillips 760 TN<br />
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark2 roundlobe hepatica N, P<br />
Hydrastis canadensis L. 1 goldenseal N, P, R (TN)<br />
Myosurus minimus L. 2 tiny mousetail N, A, W<br />
Nigella damascena L. 2 devil in <strong>the</strong> bush I, A<br />
Ranunculus abortivus L. 1 littleleaf buttercup N, B/P<br />
Ranunculus acris L. tall buttercup N/I, P Phillips 1020 MS<br />
Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup I, P Phillips 298 TN<br />
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow early buttercup N, P Hatch 8736 MS<br />
Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt. 2 Harvey's buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan2 bristly buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 2 longbeak buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus macranthus Scheele showy buttercup N, P Phillips 782 MS<br />
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. rock buttercup N, P Phillips 746 TN<br />
Ranunculus muricatus L. 1 spinyfruit buttercup I, A/B/P<br />
Ranunculus parviflorus L. smallflower buttercup I, A Hatch 8784 MS<br />
Ranunculus pusillus Poir. weak buttercup N, A Hatch 8769 MS<br />
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. blisterwort N, P Phillips 954 TN<br />
Ranunculus sardous Crantz hairy buttercup I, A/B/P, W Hatch 8692 MS<br />
Ranunculus sceleratus L. celeryleaf buttercup N, A Hatch 8692 MS<br />
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lal purple meadowrue N, P Phillips 361 TN<br />
Thalictrum dioicum L. early meadowrue N, P Hatch 9323 MS<br />
- 122 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh2 king <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meadow<br />
N, P<br />
Thalictrum revolutum DC. waxyleaf meadowrue N, P Hatch 9330 MS<br />
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivins rue anemone N, P Phillips 813 TN<br />
Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail2 Carolina bugbane N, P<br />
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. 1 yellowroot N, P<br />
RHAMNACEAE<br />
Berchemia sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Hill) K. Koch Alabama supplejack N, P Phillips 643 MS<br />
Ceanothus americanus L. 1 New Jersey tea N, P<br />
Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray Carolina buckthorn N, P, W, IN Phillips 723 MS<br />
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér alderleaf buckthorn N, P Hatch 10068 MS<br />
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh2 lanceleaf buckthorn N, P<br />
ROSACEAE<br />
Agrimonia parvi<strong>flora</strong> Ait. 1 harvestlice N, P<br />
Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. groovebur N, P Phillips 687 MS<br />
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. woodl<strong>and</strong> groovebur N, P Phillips 489 TN<br />
Agrimonia striata Michx. 1 roadside agrimony N, P<br />
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. 1 common serviceberry N, P<br />
Amelanchier laevis Wieg. 2 Allegheny serviceberry N, P<br />
Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm. 2 slender parsley piert I, A<br />
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern. 1 bride's fea<strong>the</strong>rs N, P<br />
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara1 bride's fea<strong>the</strong>rs I, P<br />
- 123 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. 2<br />
pear hawthorn<br />
N, P<br />
Crataegus crus-galli L. 1 cockspur hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus harbisonii Beadle2 Harbison's hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus intricata Lange2 Copenhagen hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe2 bigfruit hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus marshallii Egglest. parsley hawthorn N, P Hatch 9307 MS<br />
Crataegus mollis Scheele2 downy hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. 1 scarlet hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medik. 2 Washington hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch1 waxyfruit hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus punctata Jacq. dotted hawthorn N, P Phillips 650 MS<br />
Crataegus spathulata Michx. littlehip hawthorn N, P Phillips 673 MS<br />
Crataegus tri<strong>flora</strong> Chapman2 threeflower hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus uni<strong>flora</strong> Muenchh. 2 dwarf hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus viridis L. 1 green hawthorn N, P<br />
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian strawberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 529 AL<br />
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne2 Virginia strawberry N, P<br />
Geum aleppicum Jacq. 1 yellow avens N, P<br />
Geum canadense Jacq. 1 white avens N, P<br />
Geum laciniatum Murr. rough avens N, P Hatch 9148 MS<br />
Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray spring avens N, P Phillips 796 TN<br />
Geum virginianum L. 2 cream avens N, P<br />
Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. 1 Indian physic N, P<br />
- 124 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. 1<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn crabapple<br />
N, P<br />
Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. 2 sweet crabapple N, P<br />
Malus pumila P. Mill. 2 paradise apple I, P<br />
Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps1 red chokeberry N, P<br />
Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2 common ninebark N, P<br />
Potentilla canadensis L. 1 dwarf cinquefoil N, P<br />
Potentilla intermedia L. 2 downy cinquefoil I, P<br />
Potentilla norvegica L. subsp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. 1 Norwegian cinquefoil N, A/B/P<br />
Potentilla recta L. 1 sulfur cinquefoil I, P, W, IN<br />
Potentilla simplex Michx. common cinquefoil N, P Hatch 9432 MS<br />
Prunus americana Marsh. 1 American plum N, P<br />
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum N, P Phillips 503 TN<br />
Prunus caroliniana Ait. Carolina laurelcherry N, P Hatch 8737 MS<br />
Prunus hortulana Bailey2 hortulan plum N, P<br />
Prunus mahaleb L. 2 Mahaleb cherry I, P, W, IN<br />
Prunus mexicana S. Wats. 1 Mexican plum N, P<br />
Prunus munsoniana W. Wight & Hedrick1 wild goose plum N, P<br />
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch2 peach I, P<br />
Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina2 black cherry N, P<br />
Prunus umbellata Ell. hog plum N, P Phillips 504 TN<br />
Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear I, P, W, IN Phillips 764 AL<br />
Pyrus communis L. 2 common pear I, P, W, IN<br />
Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. McCartney rose I, P, W, IN Hatch 9754b MS<br />
- 125 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Rosa canina L. 2<br />
dog rose<br />
I, P<br />
Rosa carolina L. Carolina rose N, P Hatch 9193 MS<br />
Rosa eglanteria L. 2 sweetbriar rose I, P<br />
Rosa laevigata Michx. 1 Cherokee rose I, P<br />
Rosa multi<strong>flora</strong> Thunb. ex Murr. multiflower rose I, P, W, IN Phillips 952 TN<br />
Rosa palustris Marsh. 1 swamp rose N, P<br />
Rosa setigera Michx. 1 climbing rose N, P<br />
Rosa virginiana P. Mill. Virginia rose N, P Phillips 951 TN<br />
Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex L.H. Bailey Allegheny blackberry N, P Hatch 9060 MS<br />
Rubus argutus Link1 sawtooth blackberry N, P, W, IN<br />
Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt. 2 Himalayan berry I, P<br />
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh1 s<strong>and</strong> blackberry N, P<br />
Rubus flagellaris Willd. nor<strong>the</strong>rn dewberry N, P Phillips 1018 MS<br />
Rubus occidentalis L. 2 black raspberry N, P<br />
Rubus trivialis Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn dewberry N, P, W Hatch 8751 MS<br />
Spiraea japonica L. f. 2 Japanese meadowsweet I, P, W, IN<br />
Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. 2 Appalachian barren strawberry N, P<br />
RUBIACEAE<br />
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. buttonbush N, P Phillips 443 TN<br />
Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. 2 piedmont bedstraw I, A<br />
Diodia teres Walt. var. teres poor joe N, P Phillips 660 MS<br />
Diodia virginiana L. Virginia buttonweed N, P, W Phillips 526 AL<br />
- 126 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Galium aparine L.<br />
stickywilly<br />
N, A, W, IN<br />
Phillips 789 MS<br />
Galium circaezans Michx. licorice bedstraw N, P Phillips 848 TN<br />
Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray2 shining bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. 2 Lamarck's bedstraw I, A<br />
Galium mollugo L. 2 false baby's breath I, P<br />
Galium obtusum Bigelow bluntleaf bedstraw N, P Hatch 9365 MS<br />
Galium pilosum Ait. 1 hairy bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium tinctorium L. 1 stiff marsh bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium triflorum Michx. 1 fragrant bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium virgatum Nutt. 2 southwestern bedstraw N, A<br />
Houstonia caerulea L. azure bluets N, P Hatch 8745 MS<br />
Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes2 Canadian summer bluet N, P<br />
Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. 2 longleaf summer bluet N, P<br />
Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell4 sou<strong>the</strong>rn bluet N, A<br />
Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray1 Venus' pride N, P<br />
Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea2 Venus' pride N, P Phillips 973 AL<br />
Houstonia pusilla Schoepf tiny bluet N, A Phillips 756 TN<br />
Mitchella repens L. partridgeberry N, P Phillips 511 TN<br />
Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia uni<strong>flora</strong> L. 1 clustered mille graines N, A<br />
Sherardia arvensis L. blue field-madder I, A Hatch 8717 MS<br />
Spermacoce glabra Michx. 1 smooth false buttonweed N, P<br />
Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans2 diamondflowers N, P<br />
- 127 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
RUTACEAE<br />
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. hardy orange I, P, W, IN Hatch 9054 MS<br />
Ptelea trifoliata L. 2 common hoptree N, P<br />
Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 2 common pricklyash N, P<br />
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. toothache tree N, P Hatch 9197 MS<br />
SALICACEAE<br />
Populus alba L. 2 white poplar I, P, W, IN<br />
Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. (pro sp.) 2 [alba x tremula] I, P<br />
Populus deltoides Bertran ex Marsh. cottonwood N,P Phillips 391 TN<br />
Populus gr<strong>and</strong>identata Michx. 2 bigtooth aspen N, P<br />
Populus heterophylla L. 1 swamp cottonwood N, P<br />
Salix caroliniana Michx. coastal plain willow N, P Phillips 390 TN<br />
Salix cinerea L. 2 large gray willow I, P<br />
Salix eriocephala Michx. 2 Missouri river willow N, P<br />
Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis2 prairie willow N, P<br />
Salix humilis Marsh. var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs1 prairie willow N, P<br />
Salix interior Rowlee2 s<strong>and</strong>bar willow N, P<br />
Salix nigra Marsh. black willow N, P Phillips 312 TN<br />
Salix x pendulina Wenderoth2 [fragilis x ?sepulcralis] I, P<br />
Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai2 [alba x ?pendulina] I, P<br />
Salix sericea Marsh. 2 silky willow N, P<br />
- 128 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
SANTALACEAE<br />
Com<strong>and</strong>ra umbellata (L.) Nutt. 2 bastard toadflax N, P<br />
SAPINDACEAE<br />
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 2 love in a puff N, A/B/P, W, IN<br />
Sapindus saponaria L. var. saponaria2 wingleaf soapberry N, P<br />
SAPOTACEAE<br />
Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. subsp. lanuginosum2 gum bully N, P<br />
Sideroxylon lycioides L. 1 buckthorn bully N, P<br />
SAURURACEAE<br />
Saururus cernuus L. lizard's tail N, P, W Hatch 9331 MS<br />
SAXIFRAGACEAE<br />
Heuchera americana L. American alumroot N, P Phillips 955 TN<br />
Heuchera parvi<strong>flora</strong> Bartl. var. parvi<strong>flora</strong>2 littleflower alumroot N, P<br />
Heuchera villosa Michx. var. villosa1 hairy alumroot N, P<br />
Mitella diphylla L. 2 twoleaf miterwort N, P<br />
Parnassia caroliniana Michx. 1 Carolina grass <strong>of</strong> Parnassus N, P<br />
Parnassia gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia DC. 1 largeleaf grass <strong>of</strong> Parnassus N, P, R (TN)<br />
Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. early saxifrage N, P Phillips 754 TN<br />
Tiarella cordifolia L. heartleaf foamflower N, P Phillips 862 TN<br />
- 129 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
SCROPHULARIACEAE<br />
Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. beach false foxglove N, A Hatch 10004 MS<br />
Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small1 roundstem false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. 1 prairie false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. 1 tenlobe false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell purple false foxglove N, A Hatch 9926 MS<br />
Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. tenuifolia1 slenderleaf false foxglove N, A<br />
Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. macrantha Pennell1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell2 spreading yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell1 combleaf yellow false foxglove N, A<br />
Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. pedicularia1 fernleaf yellow false foxglove N, A<br />
Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell1 downy yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. 2 disk waterhyssop N, P, W<br />
Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts N, P Phillips 663 MS<br />
Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. scarlet Indian paintbrush N, A Phillips 898 TN<br />
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange2 dwarf snapdragon I, A<br />
Chelone glabra L. white turtlehead N, P Phillips 1248 TN<br />
Chelone obliqua L. 1 red turtlehead N, P<br />
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. mullien foxglove N, A Phillips 1160 TN<br />
Gratiola neglecta Torr. clammy hedgehyssop N, A Phillips 683 MS<br />
Gratiola virginiana L. 1 roundfruit hedgehyssop N, A/B<br />
Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 2 sharpleaf cancerwort I, A<br />
- 130 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 2<br />
roundleaf cancerwort<br />
I, A<br />
Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 2 narrowleaf paleseed N, A<br />
Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. 1 butter <strong>and</strong> eggs I, P, W, IN<br />
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperrider false pimpernel N, A Phillips 601 MS<br />
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia1 yellowseed false pimpernel N, A/B<br />
Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis Japanese mazus I, A Hatch 8762 MS<br />
Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var. acuminata1 axilflower N, P<br />
Melampyrum lineare Desr. 2 narrowleaf cowwheat N, A<br />
Mimulus alatus Ait. sharpwing monkeyflower N, P Phillips 636 MS<br />
Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton Canada toadflax N, A/B, W Hatch 8760 MS<br />
Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton1 Texas toadflax N, A/B<br />
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. princess tree I, P Phillips 413 TN<br />
Pedicularis canadensis L. Canadian louseweed N, P Phillips 861 TN<br />
Penstemon alluviorum Pennell1 lowl<strong>and</strong> beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon calycosus Small1 longsepal beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon canescens (Britt.) Britt. 2 eastern gray beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims talus slope penstemon N, P Phillips 1019 MS<br />
Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 1 hairy beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon laevigatus Ait. eastern smooth beardtongue N, P Hatch 9734 MS<br />
Penstemon tenuiflorus Pennell1 eastern whiteflower beardtongue N, P<br />
Scrophularia maril<strong>and</strong>ica L. 2 carpenter's square N, P<br />
Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullien I, B, W Phillips 1175 TN<br />
Verbascum thapsus L. common mullien I, B, W, IN Phillips 1147 TN<br />
- 131 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Veronica agrestis L. 2<br />
green field speedwell<br />
I, A<br />
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 2 water speedwell N, B/P<br />
Veronica arvensis L. common speedwell I, A Phillips 772 AL<br />
Veronica hederifolia L. 2 ivyleaf speedwell I, A<br />
Veronica peregrina L. 1 neckweed N, A<br />
Veronica persica Poir. 2 birdeye speedwell I, A<br />
Veronica polita Fries gray field speedwell I, A Phillips 741 TN<br />
Veronica serpyllifolia L. 2 thymeleaf speedwell N/I, P, W, IN<br />
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. 1 Culver's root N, P<br />
SIMAROUBACEAE<br />
Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree <strong>of</strong> heaven I, P<br />
SOLANACEAE<br />
Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed I, A, W, IN Phillips 1187 TN<br />
Lycium barbarum L. 2 matrimony vine I, P<br />
Nic<strong>and</strong>ra physalodes (L.) Pers. apple <strong>of</strong> Peru I, A, W Phillips 589 MS<br />
Physalis angulata L. cutleaf ground cherry N, A, W Hatch 9793 MS<br />
Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchc. 2 smallflower groundcherry N, P<br />
Physalis cordata P. Mill. 2 heartleaf groundcherry N, A<br />
Physalis heterophylla Nees2 clammy groundcherry N, P, W<br />
Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronq. 2 longleaf groundcherry N, P, W<br />
Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall2 husk tomato N, A<br />
- 132 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Physalis virginiana P. Mill. 2<br />
Virginia groundcherry<br />
N, P<br />
Solanum carolinense L. Carolina horsenettle N, P, W, IN Phillips 362 TN<br />
Solanum dulcamara L. 2 climbing nightshade I, P, W, IN<br />
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf nightshade N, P, W, IN Hatch 9967 MS<br />
Solanum nigrum L. 1 black nightshade I, A/P, W<br />
Solanum ptychanthum Dunal2 West Indian nightshade N, A, W, IN<br />
Solanum rostratum Dunal2 buffalobur nightshade N, A, W, IN<br />
Solanum triflorum Nutt. 2 cutleaf nightshade N, A, W<br />
SPARGANIACEAE<br />
Sparganium americanum Nutt. American bur-reed N, P Kruse 1398 MS<br />
STAPHYLEACEAE<br />
Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut N, P Phillips 970 AL<br />
STYRACACEAE<br />
Halesia diptera Ell. twowing silverbell N, P Phillips 697 MS<br />
Styrax americanus Lam. 1 American snowbell N, P<br />
Styrax gr<strong>and</strong>ifolius Ait. bigleaf snowbell N, P Phillips 487 TN<br />
SYMPLOCACEAE<br />
Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. 1 common sweetleaf N, P<br />
- 133 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
THEACEAE<br />
Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Wea<strong>the</strong>rby mountain camellia N, P Hatch 9447 MS<br />
THYMELAEACEAE<br />
Dirca palustris L. 2 eastern lea<strong>the</strong>rwood N, P<br />
TILIACEAE<br />
Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. 2 American basswood N, P<br />
ULMACEAE<br />
Celtis laevigata Willd. sugarberry N, P Phillips 648 MS<br />
Celtis occidentalis L. common hackberry N, P Phillips 324 TN<br />
Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1 dwarf hackberry N, P<br />
Ulmus alata Michx. winged elm N, P Phillips 450 TN<br />
Ulmus americana L. American elm N, P<br />
Ulmus pumila L. 2 Siberian elm I, P, W, IN<br />
Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery elm N, P Phillips 410 TN<br />
Ulmus serotina Sarg. 3 September elm N, P<br />
Ulmus thomasii Sarg. rock elm N, P Phillips 645 MS<br />
URTICACEAE<br />
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle N, P Phillips 532 AL<br />
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Kunze Chinese grass I, P Hatch 9767 MS<br />
- 134 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell1 Carolina woodnettle<br />
N, P<br />
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 2 Pennsylvania pellitory N, A<br />
Pilea pumila (L.) Gray Canada clearweed N, A Phillips 480 TN<br />
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh heartleaf nettle N, A Phillips 448 TN<br />
VALERIANACEAE<br />
Valeriana pauci<strong>flora</strong> Michx. 2 largeflower valerian N, P<br />
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich2 narrowfruit cornsalad I, A<br />
Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat. 2 Lewiston cornsalad I, A<br />
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. beaked cornsalad N, A, W Phillips 776 AL<br />
Valerianella umbilicata (Sullivant) Wood2 navel cornsalad N, A<br />
VERBENACEAE<br />
Callicarpa americana L. American beautyberry N, P Phillips 540b AL<br />
Gl<strong>and</strong>ularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1 rose mock vervain N, P<br />
Phryma leptostachya L. American lopseed N, P Phillips 1161 TN<br />
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene lanceleaf frogfruit N, P Phillips 597 MS<br />
Phyla nodi<strong>flora</strong> (L.) Greene sawtooth frogfruit N, P Phillips 616 MS<br />
Verbena bonariensis L. 1 purpletop vervain I, A/B/P<br />
Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazilian vervain I, A, W, IN Phillips 619 MS<br />
Verbena halei Small1 Texas vervain N, P<br />
Verbena rigida Spreng. tuberous vervain I, P Hatch 9116 MS<br />
Verbena simplex Lehm. narrowleaf vervain N, P Phillips 525 AL<br />
- 135 -
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia<br />
white vervain<br />
N, A<br />
Verbena xutha Lehm. 1 Gulf vervain N, A<br />
Vitex agnus-castus L. 2 lilac chastetree I, P<br />
- 136 -<br />
Phillips 325<br />
VIOLACEAE<br />
Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. 2 eastern greenviolet N, P<br />
Viola affinis Le Conte s<strong>and</strong> violet N, P Phillips 763 AL<br />
Viola arvensis Murr. 2 European field pansy I, A, W<br />
Viola bicolor Pursh field pansy N, A Phillips 742 TN<br />
Viola bl<strong>and</strong>a Willd. var. palustriformis Gray1 sweet white violet N, P<br />
Viola labradorica Schrank American dog violet N, P Hatch 8746 MS<br />
Viola cucullata Ait. marsh blue violet N, P Phillips 773 AL<br />
Viola egglestonii Brainerd2 glade violet N, P<br />
Viola hastata Michx. 1 halberdleaf yellow violet N, P<br />
Viola hirsutula Brainerd1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn woodl<strong>and</strong> violet N, P<br />
Viola missouriensis Greene2 Missouri violet N, A/P<br />
Viola x palmata L. (pro sp.) 1 [brittoniana or pedatifida x affinis or s N, P<br />
Viola pedata L. birdfoot violet N, P Phillips 913 TN<br />
Viola x primulifolia L. (pro sp.) 1 [lanceolata × macloskeyi] N, P<br />
Viola pubescens Ait. var. pubescens1 downy yellow violet N, P<br />
Viola rostrata Pursh2 longspur violet N, P<br />
Viola rotundifolia Michx. roundleaf yellow violet N, P Phillips 858 TN<br />
Viola sagittata Ait. var. sagittata2 arrowleaf violet N, P<br />
TN
The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee<br />
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Viola sororia Willd.<br />
common blue violet<br />
N, A/P<br />
Hatch 9213 MS<br />
Viola striata Ait. striped cream violet N, P Phillips 833 TN<br />
Viola tricolor L. 1 johnny jumpup I, A, W<br />
Viola tripartita Ell. 2 threepart violet N, P<br />
VISCACEAE<br />
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston oak mistletoe N, P Phillips 729 MS<br />
VITACEAE<br />
Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne peppervine N, P, W Phillips 588 MS<br />
Ampelopsis cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf peppervine N, P<br />
Par<strong>the</strong>nocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch Virginia creeper N, P, W Phillips 712 MS<br />
Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis summer grape N, P Phillips 392 TN<br />
Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam2 summer grape N, P<br />
Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux2 graybark grape N, P<br />
Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. cinerea graybark grape N, P Hatch 9418 MS<br />
Vitis labrusca L. 1 fox grape N, P<br />
Vitis mustangensis Buckl. mustang grape N, P Hatch 9201 MS<br />
Vitis riparia Michx. riverbank grape N, P Phillips 566 MS<br />
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. muscadine grape N, P Phillips 492 TN<br />
Vitis rupestris Scheele2 s<strong>and</strong> grape N, P<br />
Vitis vulpina L. 1 frost grape N, P<br />
- 137 -
5.0 REFERENCES<br />
ANHP 2006. Alabama <strong>Inventory</strong> List: <strong>the</strong> Rare, Threatened <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plants <strong>and</strong> Animals <strong>of</strong><br />
Alabama. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Montgomery, Alabama.<br />
Bachleda, F.L. 2005. Guide to <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway. Menasha Ridge Press, Birmingham,<br />
Alabama.<br />
Black, D.M. 1963. Illustrated Guide to <strong>the</strong> Climbing Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Parkway. Natchez Trace Parkway,<br />
National Park Service, U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Interior.<br />
Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States. Volume 1: Asteraceae. The<br />
University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.<br />
Crutchfield, J. A. 1985. The Natchez Trace; A Pictorial History. Rutledge Hill Press, Nashville, Tennessee.<br />
Diggs, G.M. Jr., B.L. Lipscomb, <strong>and</strong> R.J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinner’s <strong>and</strong> Mahler’s Illustrated Flora <strong>of</strong><br />
North Central Texas. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, Number 16.<br />
Duncan, W.H. 1975. Woody Vines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States. The University <strong>of</strong> Georgia Press,<br />
A<strong>the</strong>ns.<br />
Duncan, W.H. <strong>and</strong> M.B. Duncan. 1988. Trees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States. The University <strong>of</strong><br />
Georgia Press, A<strong>the</strong>ns.<br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 1993. Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Volume 2: Pteridophytes <strong>and</strong> Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York.<br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 1997. Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae <strong>and</strong> Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York.<br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 2000. Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) <strong>and</strong> Zingiberidae.<br />
Oxford University Press, New York.<br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 2002. Flora <strong>of</strong> North America North <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford University Press, New<br />
York.<br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 2003. Flora <strong>of</strong> North American North <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New<br />
York.<br />
Frodin, D.G. 2001. Guide to St<strong>and</strong>ard Floras <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World: An Annotated, Geographically Arranged<br />
Systematic Bibliography <strong>of</strong> The Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists, <strong>and</strong> Chorological<br />
Atlases <strong>of</strong> Different Areas. 2 nd edition. Cambridge University Press, New York.<br />
Godfrey, R.K. <strong>and</strong> J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic <strong>and</strong> Wetl<strong>and</strong> Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States:<br />
Monocotyledons. The University <strong>of</strong> Georgia Press, A<strong>the</strong>ns.<br />
- 138 -
Godfrey, R.K. <strong>and</strong> J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic <strong>and</strong> Wetl<strong>and</strong> Plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States:<br />
Dicotyledons. The University <strong>of</strong> Georgia Press, A<strong>the</strong>ns.<br />
Hatch, S.L. 2005. Gould’s Grasses <strong>of</strong> Texas. Copy Corner, College Station.<br />
Hilty, J. 2006. What is a weed? Weedy Wildflowers <strong>of</strong> Illinois.<br />
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/files/weed_definitions.htm<br />
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2004. United States Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture.<br />
http://www.itis.usda.gov/<br />
International Association for Plant Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> New York Botanical Gardens (IH). 2004. Index<br />
Herbariorum: A Global Directory <strong>of</strong> Public Herbaria <strong>and</strong> Associated Staff.<br />
http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp<br />
Invasive Taxa. 2006. Invasive <strong>and</strong> Exotic Insects, Diseases, <strong>and</strong> Weeds: Information <strong>and</strong> Images.<br />
www.invasive.org/weeds.cfm<br />
Isley, D. 1990. Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern United States. Volume 3, Part 2: Leguminosae<br />
(Fabaceae). The University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.<br />
Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A Field Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ferns <strong>and</strong> Fern-Allies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>and</strong> Canada.<br />
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.<br />
McCook, L.M. <strong>and</strong> J. Kartesz. 2000. A Preliminary Checklist <strong>of</strong> Mississippi Plants.<br />
herbarium.olemiss.edu/checklist.html. Accessed August 2004.<br />
Mohr, C. 1901. Plant Life <strong>of</strong> Alabama. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Washington, D.C.<br />
Morton, C.M., C.J. Hansen, <strong>and</strong> G. Gil. 2002. Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Plants <strong>of</strong> Alabama from <strong>the</strong> John<br />
D. Freeman Herbarium <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Alabama Herbarium. Special Publication No. 21.<br />
Carnegie Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.<br />
Natchez Trace Parkway Visitor Center Staff (NATR staff). 2002. Natchez Trace Parkway Teacher’s<br />
Information Packet. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi.<br />
National Oceanic <strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center (NOAA). 2006. Annual<br />
Climatological Summary. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html<br />
Nature Conservancy. 2005. <strong>NPS</strong> vegetation mapping program.<br />
http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/classification/toc.html<br />
<strong>NPS</strong>pecies. 2006. The National Park Service Biodiversity Database secure online version.<br />
http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/apps/npspp/index.htm (park list: accessed 3/3/2006)<br />
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, <strong>and</strong> C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carolinas. The<br />
University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.<br />
- 139 -
Rosso, S.W. <strong>and</strong> D. Reed. 1996. Natchez Trace Parkway Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus Terrestrial Plant Baseline<br />
Survey Selected Taxa. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Interior.<br />
Small, J.K. 1933. Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Flora. The University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Weed Science Society (SWSS). 2005. Interactive Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> North American Weeds.<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Weed Science Society, Champaign, Illinois.<br />
Steyermark, J.A. 1963. Flora <strong>of</strong> Missouri. The Iowa State University Press, Ames.<br />
TENN 2007. The University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Herbarium. Database <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Vascular Plants.<br />
http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/<strong>vascular</strong>/<strong>vascular</strong>.html<br />
The Nature Conservancy Tennessee Chapter (TNC). 1995. A General Biological Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez<br />
Trace Parkway: Appendix I. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi.<br />
TNHP 2004. Rare Plant List. Tennessee Natural Heritage Program. Division <strong>of</strong> Natural Heritage,<br />
Tennessee Department <strong>of</strong> Environment <strong>and</strong> Conservation. Nashville, Tennessee.<br />
USDA APHIS 2006. Federal Noxious Weed List (as <strong>of</strong> 6/30/06)<br />
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/index.shtml<br />
USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data<br />
Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70879-4490 USA.<br />
Wiel<strong>and</strong>, R.G. 1994. Preliminary Vegetation Survey <strong>and</strong> Analysis <strong>of</strong> Chickasaw Village Site Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway Tupelo, Mississippi. Museum Technical Report. No. 26. Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural Science.<br />
Mississippi Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife, Fisheries, <strong>and</strong> Parks.<br />
W<strong>of</strong>ford, B.E. <strong>and</strong> R. Kral. 1993. Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Plants <strong>of</strong> Tennessee. Sida, Botanical<br />
Miscellany, No. 10. Botanical Research Institute <strong>of</strong> Texas, Inc., Ft. Worth, Texas.<br />
W<strong>of</strong>ford, B.E. <strong>and</strong> E.W. Chester. 2002. Guide to <strong>the</strong> Trees, Shrubs, <strong>and</strong> Woody Vines <strong>of</strong> Tennessee. The<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Press, Knoxville.<br />
- 140 -
APPENDIX A<br />
Collection Locations by State, County, <strong>and</strong> Date<br />
- 141 -
Appendix A – Collection Locations by State, County, <strong>and</strong> Date<br />
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
Tennessee<br />
1<br />
2<br />
63<br />
64<br />
125<br />
126<br />
300<br />
Tennessee<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Davidson County<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
Williamson County<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 442 near <strong>the</strong><br />
“Entering Natchez Trace” sign<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest under first<br />
bridge from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus open, maintained roadside <strong>and</strong><br />
drainage creek between mile markers 441 <strong>and</strong> 442<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker<br />
442 near <strong>the</strong> “Entering Natchez Trace” sign<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest under first<br />
bridge from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus, open, maintained roadside <strong>and</strong><br />
drainage creek between mile markers 441 <strong>and</strong> 442<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker<br />
442 near <strong>the</strong> “Entering Natchez Trace” sign<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest under first<br />
bridge from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus; open, maintained roadside <strong>and</strong><br />
drainage creek between mile markers 441 <strong>and</strong> 442<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker<br />
442 near <strong>the</strong> “Entering Natchez Trace” sign<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
parking area from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus at mile marker 440<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Birdsong Hollow at <strong>the</strong><br />
north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Highway 96 bridge<br />
- 142 -<br />
N 36.0291944<br />
W 86.9747778<br />
N 36.255833<br />
W 86.9754722<br />
N 36.0298056<br />
W 86.9750278<br />
N 36.0257778<br />
W 86.9752500<br />
N 36.0303333<br />
W 86.9758611<br />
N 36.0256111<br />
W 86.9753333<br />
N 36.02995<br />
W 86.97537<br />
N 36.0073333<br />
W 86.9783333<br />
N 35.9883611<br />
W 86.9905833<br />
19<br />
27<br />
39<br />
22<br />
40<br />
715<br />
660<br />
663<br />
675<br />
663<br />
746<br />
874<br />
887<br />
790
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
65<br />
66<br />
127<br />
128<br />
129<br />
130<br />
131<br />
132<br />
133<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 438<br />
<strong>and</strong> 439<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just past a<br />
bridge between mile markers 430 <strong>and</strong> 431<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Old<br />
Trace located between mile markers 425 <strong>and</strong> 426<br />
Rocky face with manicured roadside <strong>and</strong> drainage ditch at mile<br />
marker 441<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
parking area from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus at mile marker 440<br />
Rocky face with manicured roadside <strong>and</strong> drainage ditch at mile<br />
marker 441<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
parking area from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus at mile marker 440<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 439<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Birdsong Hollow at <strong>the</strong><br />
north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Highway 96 bridge<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 434<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just past a<br />
bridge between mile markers 430 <strong>and</strong> 431<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Garrison<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 427 <strong>and</strong> 428<br />
- 143 -<br />
N 35.9903056<br />
W 86.9868889<br />
N 35.9056111<br />
W 87.0069167<br />
N 35.8607222<br />
W 87.0471944<br />
N 36.0187778<br />
W 86.9819444<br />
N 36.0071111<br />
W 86.9788333<br />
N 36.0187778<br />
W 86.9819444<br />
N 36.0071667<br />
W 86.9782578<br />
N 35.9948611<br />
W 86.9788056<br />
N 35.9883611<br />
W 86.9905833<br />
N 35.9445833<br />
W 87.0010278<br />
N 35.9054444<br />
W 87.0066944<br />
N 35.8751944<br />
W 87.0315833<br />
41<br />
28<br />
41<br />
33<br />
23<br />
29<br />
15<br />
21<br />
31<br />
869<br />
806<br />
863<br />
867<br />
866<br />
867<br />
861<br />
936<br />
790<br />
984<br />
856<br />
677
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
135<br />
301<br />
302<br />
303<br />
304<br />
305<br />
306<br />
307<br />
308<br />
408<br />
Tennessee<br />
8<br />
9<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
October 20, 2005<br />
Maury County<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 433 <strong>and</strong> 434<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
parking area from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus at mile marker 440<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Birdsong Hollow at <strong>the</strong><br />
north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Highway 96 bridge<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest just south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hwy. 96<br />
bridge between mile markers 437 <strong>and</strong> 438<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 435<br />
<strong>and</strong> 436<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 433<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just past a<br />
bridge between mile markers 430 <strong>and</strong> 431<br />
Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 428 <strong>and</strong> 429<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Burns<br />
Branch pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile marker 425 <strong>and</strong> 426<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 425 <strong>and</strong> 426 at <strong>the</strong> Burns Branch pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 418<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
414 <strong>and</strong> 415<br />
- 144 -<br />
N 35.9361111<br />
W 87.0038056<br />
N 36.00711<br />
W 86.97874<br />
N 35.98828<br />
W 86.99072<br />
N 35.98350<br />
W 86.99535<br />
N 35.96079<br />
W 86.98689<br />
N 35.93130<br />
W 87.00474<br />
N 35.90633<br />
W 87.00715<br />
N 35.88601<br />
W 87.03268<br />
N 35.84809<br />
W 87.05364<br />
N 35.84809<br />
W 87.05364<br />
N 35.8146944<br />
W 87.1603333<br />
N 35.7934722<br />
W 87.1971944<br />
31<br />
20<br />
24<br />
18<br />
172<br />
25<br />
18<br />
19<br />
34<br />
34<br />
764<br />
921<br />
878<br />
870<br />
925<br />
920<br />
673<br />
809<br />
870<br />
870<br />
841<br />
923
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
10<br />
11<br />
134<br />
136<br />
409<br />
Tennessee<br />
12<br />
67<br />
69<br />
137<br />
138<br />
142<br />
309<br />
August 19, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
May 5, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
October 19, 2005<br />
Hickman County<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 413 <strong>and</strong> 414<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Water Valley Overlook<br />
between mile markers 411 <strong>and</strong> 412<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 419<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
409 <strong>and</strong> 410.<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> at mile marker<br />
414<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 398<br />
<strong>and</strong> 399<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Jackson Falls trail between mile markers 404 <strong>and</strong> 405<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 402<br />
<strong>and</strong> 403<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
405 <strong>and</strong> 406<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Jackson Falls trail between mile markers 404 <strong>and</strong> 405<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 402<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at intersection with Highway<br />
50 between mile markers 407 <strong>and</strong> 408<br />
- 145 -<br />
N 35.7768056<br />
W 87.2045556<br />
N 35.7458056<br />
W 87.2011667<br />
N 35.8208889<br />
W 87.1447500<br />
N 35.7284167<br />
W 87.2312500<br />
N 35.77681<br />
W 87.20456<br />
N 35.6523889<br />
W 87.3618889<br />
N 35.6969167<br />
W 87.2940278<br />
N 35.6795000<br />
W 87.3198333<br />
N 35.6971389<br />
W 87.2765556<br />
N 35.6971389<br />
W 87.2938889<br />
N 35.6748056<br />
W 87.3188056<br />
N 35.72323<br />
W 87.25996<br />
23<br />
28<br />
18<br />
26<br />
42<br />
22<br />
27<br />
22<br />
31<br />
835<br />
925<br />
878<br />
623<br />
835<br />
910<br />
898<br />
845<br />
583<br />
727<br />
725<br />
516
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
310<br />
311<br />
410<br />
Tennessee<br />
13<br />
14<br />
15<br />
16<br />
17<br />
68<br />
70<br />
71<br />
72<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
October 19, 2005<br />
Lewis County<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Jackson Falls trail between mile markers 404 <strong>and</strong> 405<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile marker 405<br />
<strong>and</strong> 406<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 404 <strong>and</strong> 405 along <strong>the</strong> Jackson Falls trail<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 396 <strong>and</strong> 397<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 395<br />
<strong>and</strong> 396<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 395<br />
<strong>and</strong> 396<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 386 <strong>and</strong> 387<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Jacks Branch Creek<br />
pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 377 <strong>and</strong> 378<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong> Fall Hollow Trail<br />
between mile markers 391 <strong>and</strong> 392<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 388 <strong>and</strong> 389<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis trail between mile markers 385 <strong>and</strong> 386<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 379<br />
<strong>and</strong> 380<br />
- 146 -<br />
N 35.69694<br />
W 97.29387<br />
N 35.69913<br />
W 87.27721<br />
N 35.69692<br />
W 97.29403<br />
N 35.6294167<br />
W 87.3866111<br />
N 35.6232778<br />
W 87.3895000<br />
N 35.6172500<br />
W 87.3951667<br />
N 35.5035833<br />
W 87.4585000<br />
N 35.5034444<br />
W 87.4587778<br />
N 35.5841111<br />
W 87.4293333<br />
N 35.5414444<br />
W 87.4331944<br />
N 35.5133333<br />
W 87.4553333<br />
N 35.4192500<br />
W 87.4942778<br />
20<br />
26<br />
26<br />
33<br />
316<br />
45<br />
16<br />
699<br />
652<br />
898<br />
854<br />
894<br />
847<br />
936<br />
936<br />
898<br />
836<br />
886<br />
727
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
73<br />
139<br />
140<br />
141<br />
143<br />
150<br />
151<br />
312<br />
313<br />
314<br />
315<br />
316<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
May 6, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 8, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Jack’s Branch pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 377 <strong>and</strong> 378<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 381 <strong>and</strong> 382<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 390<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong> Fall Hollow Trail<br />
between mile markers 391 <strong>and</strong> 392<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis trail between mile markers 385 <strong>and</strong> 386<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Jack’s Branch pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 377 <strong>and</strong> 378<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
377<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 395<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 393<br />
<strong>and</strong> 394<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong> Fall Hollow Trail<br />
between mile markers 391 <strong>and</strong> 392<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along <strong>the</strong> edge<br />
<strong>of</strong> Big Swan Creek between mile makers 391 <strong>and</strong> 392<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis trail between mile markers 385 <strong>and</strong> 386<br />
- 147 -<br />
N 35.4140278<br />
W 87.5159722<br />
N 35.4421389<br />
W 87.0390833<br />
N 35.5581111<br />
W 87.4324722<br />
N 35.5841667<br />
W 87.4290000<br />
N 35.5135556<br />
W 87.4552222<br />
N 35.4139444<br />
W 87.5160278<br />
N 35.4036944<br />
W 87.5225000<br />
N 35.61531<br />
W 87.39593<br />
N 35.59864<br />
W 87.40676<br />
N 35.58346<br />
W 87.42939<br />
N 35.57979<br />
W 87.43360<br />
N 35.51344<br />
W 87.45487<br />
23<br />
17<br />
23<br />
16<br />
34<br />
16<br />
45<br />
37<br />
18<br />
382<br />
22<br />
44<br />
798<br />
675<br />
717<br />
721<br />
817<br />
831<br />
932<br />
1015<br />
1038<br />
1035<br />
632<br />
634
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
317<br />
318<br />
411<br />
412<br />
413<br />
Tennessee<br />
152<br />
153<br />
154<br />
Tennessee<br />
18<br />
19<br />
20<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
October 19, 2005<br />
October 19, 2005<br />
October 19, 2005<br />
Lawrence County<br />
May 8, 2005<br />
May 8, 2005<br />
May 8, 2005<br />
Wayne County<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 386 <strong>and</strong> 387<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Jack’s Branch pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 377 <strong>and</strong> 378<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 385 <strong>and</strong> 386<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 381<br />
<strong>and</strong> 382<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 377<br />
<strong>and</strong> 378 at Jacks Branch<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
375<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
374<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
372<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 370 <strong>and</strong> 371<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 353<br />
<strong>and</strong> 354<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Sunken Trace<br />
pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 350 <strong>and</strong> 351<br />
- 148 -<br />
N 35.50770<br />
W 87.45420<br />
N 35.41388<br />
W 87.51592<br />
N 35.51344<br />
W 87.45487<br />
N 35.49746<br />
W 87.46376<br />
N 35.41394<br />
W 87.51603<br />
N 35.3654722<br />
W 87.5453056<br />
N 35.3488056<br />
W 87.5453056<br />
N 35.3475000<br />
W 87.5720556<br />
N 35.3219167<br />
W 87.5799444<br />
N 35.1594444<br />
W 87.7353611<br />
N 35.1196111<br />
W 87.7642778<br />
34<br />
39<br />
44<br />
29<br />
16<br />
22<br />
31<br />
36<br />
713<br />
763<br />
634<br />
1019<br />
831<br />
894<br />
1052<br />
1072<br />
1034<br />
1028<br />
1004
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
21<br />
74<br />
144<br />
145<br />
146<br />
147<br />
148<br />
149<br />
155<br />
156<br />
157<br />
158<br />
August 20, 2004<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 7, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
Wet meadow just before <strong>the</strong> Alabama state line, between mile<br />
markers 342 <strong>and</strong> 343<br />
Wet area with sparse sweetgum next to a small creek between mile<br />
markers 348 <strong>and</strong> 349<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 357<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 359<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 361<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 367<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 369<br />
<strong>and</strong> 370<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 370 <strong>and</strong> 371<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 355<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 349 <strong>and</strong> 350<br />
Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 342 <strong>and</strong> 343<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at mile marker 342<br />
- 149 -<br />
N 35.0180556<br />
W 87.8231944<br />
N 35.0958056<br />
W 87.7856389<br />
N 35.2023333<br />
W 87.7196111<br />
N 35.2277500<br />
W 87.7081944<br />
N 35.2466389<br />
W 87.6860278<br />
N 35.2834722<br />
W 87.6068611<br />
N 35.3074167<br />
W 87.5828333<br />
N 35.2221111<br />
W 87.5802222<br />
N 35.1761389<br />
W 87.7322222<br />
N 35.1074722<br />
W 87.7799444<br />
N 35.0174722<br />
W 87.8233611<br />
N 35.0080000<br />
W 87.8217778<br />
24<br />
15<br />
22<br />
21<br />
26<br />
19<br />
15<br />
29<br />
25<br />
20<br />
78<br />
1003<br />
880<br />
1088<br />
1012<br />
1060<br />
1021<br />
1002<br />
1044<br />
1056<br />
923<br />
743<br />
713
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
319<br />
320<br />
321<br />
322<br />
323<br />
324<br />
325<br />
326<br />
327<br />
414<br />
Alabama<br />
22<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Lauderdale County<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest just south <strong>of</strong> Glen Rock<br />
Springs Road located between mile markers 364 <strong>and</strong> 365<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest just south <strong>of</strong> Glen Rock<br />
Springs Road located between mile markers 364 <strong>and</strong> 365<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at a beaver pond<br />
located between mile markers 363 <strong>and</strong> 364<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Sunken Trace pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 350 <strong>and</strong> 351<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 349<br />
<strong>and</strong> 350<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest near intersection sign<br />
between mile markers 348 <strong>and</strong> 349<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 348 <strong>and</strong> 349<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest Holly Picnic<br />
area between mile markers 346 <strong>and</strong> 347<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> along <strong>the</strong><br />
bridge just north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alabama State line between mile markers 341<br />
<strong>and</strong> 342<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
365 in a limestone outcropping<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) just south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Alabama-Tennessee state line, between mile markers 339 <strong>and</strong> 340<br />
- 150 -<br />
N 35.25078<br />
W 87.63463<br />
N 35.24765<br />
W 87.64055<br />
N 35.24767<br />
W 87.64396<br />
N 35.11638<br />
W 87.76914<br />
N 35.11310<br />
W 87.77358<br />
N 35.10146<br />
W 87.78413<br />
N 35.09301<br />
W 87.78577<br />
N 35.06598<br />
W 87.80181<br />
N 35.00659<br />
W 87.82141<br />
N 35.26179<br />
W 87.62883<br />
N 35.0179722<br />
W 87.8232222<br />
18<br />
17<br />
19<br />
24<br />
24<br />
19<br />
19<br />
34<br />
21<br />
19<br />
761<br />
773<br />
772<br />
1027<br />
1090<br />
923<br />
976<br />
611<br />
676<br />
882<br />
982
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
23<br />
24<br />
25<br />
26<br />
75<br />
76<br />
77<br />
78<br />
79<br />
80<br />
159<br />
160<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 335 <strong>and</strong> 336<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 334 <strong>and</strong> 335<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover)between mile markers<br />
333 <strong>and</strong> 334<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest along trail at <strong>the</strong><br />
Rock Springs pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 330 <strong>and</strong> 331<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) just north <strong>of</strong> mile marker<br />
337<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just south <strong>of</strong><br />
AL 20 <strong>and</strong> concrete bridge between mile markers 336 <strong>and</strong> 337<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 334 <strong>and</strong> 335<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between 334<br />
<strong>and</strong> 335<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just north <strong>of</strong><br />
mile marker 334<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest along trail at <strong>the</strong><br />
Rock Springs pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 330 <strong>and</strong> 331<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at mile marker 337<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest along trail at <strong>the</strong><br />
Rock Springs pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 330 <strong>and</strong> 331<br />
- 151 -<br />
N 35.0013056<br />
W 87.8398889<br />
N 34.9046111<br />
W 87.8655000<br />
N 34.9014722<br />
W 87.8690278<br />
N 34.8584167<br />
W 87.9057222<br />
N 34.9381944<br />
W 87.8323056<br />
N 34.9259444<br />
W 87.8424167<br />
N 34.9088611<br />
W 87.8592500<br />
N 34.9049444<br />
W 87.8651389<br />
N 34.9030833<br />
W 87.8672222<br />
N 34.8578889<br />
W 87.9053611<br />
N 34.9367778<br />
W 87.8334444<br />
N 34.8579167<br />
W 87.9056111<br />
20<br />
151<br />
26<br />
49<br />
128<br />
68<br />
33<br />
23<br />
982<br />
720<br />
682<br />
497<br />
683<br />
660<br />
781<br />
718<br />
712<br />
621<br />
774<br />
452
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
328<br />
415<br />
Alabama<br />
27<br />
81<br />
161<br />
162<br />
163<br />
172<br />
173<br />
329<br />
330<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Colbert County<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
May 9, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest along trail at <strong>the</strong><br />
Rock Springs pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 330 <strong>and</strong> 331<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest between mile<br />
markers 330 <strong>and</strong> 331 along <strong>the</strong> Rock Springs trail<br />
Small pond at <strong>the</strong> intersection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>and</strong> Maud Road between<br />
mile markers 309 <strong>and</strong> 310<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest just past bridge between mile<br />
markers 324 <strong>and</strong> 325<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Tennessee River on <strong>the</strong> Colbert County side between mile markers<br />
327 <strong>and</strong> 328<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at <strong>the</strong> Buzzard Roost Spring pull <strong>of</strong>f between<br />
mile markers 320 <strong>and</strong> 321<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Freedom Hills trail between mile markers 316 <strong>and</strong> 317<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest along edge <strong>of</strong> Bear Creek between mile<br />
markers 311 <strong>and</strong> 312<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at mile marker 319<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 319<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 318<br />
- 152 -<br />
N 34.8578889<br />
W 87.9053611<br />
N 34.85788<br />
W 87.90584<br />
N 34.6486389<br />
W 88.1203611<br />
N 34.8033889<br />
W 87.9775556<br />
N 34.8363611<br />
W 87.9424722<br />
N 34.7600556<br />
W 88.0231389<br />
N 34.1096944<br />
W 88.0353056<br />
N 34.5696667<br />
W 88.0923056<br />
N 34.7413056<br />
W 88.0356111<br />
N 34.74072<br />
W 88.03556<br />
N 34.72861<br />
W 88.03954<br />
23<br />
22<br />
19<br />
26<br />
139<br />
88<br />
20<br />
28<br />
22<br />
21<br />
452<br />
459<br />
529<br />
659<br />
492<br />
491<br />
507<br />
470<br />
526<br />
683<br />
766
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
331<br />
416<br />
417<br />
Mississippi<br />
28<br />
29<br />
82<br />
164<br />
165<br />
166<br />
167<br />
168<br />
169<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Tishomingo County<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
August 21, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just north <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> jutting rocks located between mile markers 313 <strong>and</strong> 314<br />
Semipermanently flooded perennial tall forb vegetation at mile marker<br />
311<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between<br />
mile markers 309 <strong>and</strong> 310 at <strong>the</strong> intersection with Maud Road<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Jourdan Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 295 <strong>and</strong> 296<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Tenn-Tom<br />
Waterway between mile markers 293 <strong>and</strong> 294<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Jourdan Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 295 <strong>and</strong> 296<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just before<br />
bridge between mile markers 299 <strong>and</strong> 300<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 301 <strong>and</strong> 302<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 303 <strong>and</strong> 304<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 304 <strong>and</strong> 305<br />
Rock outcrop on western roadside edge located between mile<br />
markers 305 <strong>and</strong> 306<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> at mile marker<br />
308<br />
- 153 -<br />
N 34.68150<br />
W 88.07641<br />
N 34.65661<br />
W 88.09759<br />
N 34.64827<br />
W 88.11997<br />
N 34.5178889<br />
W 88.2918333<br />
N 34.5049722<br />
W 88.3217500<br />
N 34.5186667<br />
W 88.2914444<br />
N 34.5663611<br />
W 88.2607778<br />
N 34.5926389<br />
W 88.2462500<br />
N 34.6060556<br />
W 88.2067500<br />
N 34.6103611<br />
W 88.1936944<br />
N 34.6159167<br />
W 88.1823889<br />
N 34.6386389<br />
W 88.1484444<br />
34<br />
16<br />
27<br />
33<br />
85<br />
211<br />
90<br />
29<br />
59<br />
38<br />
428<br />
459<br />
427<br />
432<br />
414<br />
421<br />
882<br />
721<br />
709<br />
544<br />
541<br />
496
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
170<br />
171<br />
174<br />
175<br />
176<br />
332<br />
333<br />
334<br />
418<br />
419<br />
Mississippi<br />
420<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 10, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
Prentiss County<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
Hanging from cave at <strong>the</strong> Cave Spring Pull <strong>of</strong>f located between mile<br />
markers 308 <strong>and</strong> 309<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) just before Cave Spring<br />
pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 308 <strong>and</strong> 309<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 306 <strong>and</strong> 307<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Jourdan Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 295 <strong>and</strong> 296<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Tenn-Tom<br />
Waterway between mile markers 293 <strong>and</strong> 294<br />
Rock outcrop on <strong>the</strong> western roadside edge located between mile<br />
markers 304 <strong>and</strong> 305<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Jourdan Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 295 <strong>and</strong> 296<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Tenn-Tom<br />
Waterway between mile markers 293 <strong>and</strong> 294<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 304 <strong>and</strong> 305<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 294 <strong>and</strong> 295<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at mile marker 286<br />
just south <strong>of</strong> Browns Bottom<br />
- 154 -<br />
N 34.6425000<br />
W 88.1404444<br />
N 34.6421389<br />
W 88.1381389<br />
N 34.6252778<br />
W 88.1610000<br />
N 34.5179167<br />
W 88.2920000<br />
N 34.4552500<br />
W 88.4965833<br />
N 34.6159167<br />
W 88.1823889<br />
N 34.51766<br />
W 88.29209<br />
N 34.50528<br />
W 88.32191<br />
N 34.61186<br />
W 88.19250<br />
N 34.50636<br />
W 88.30660<br />
N 34.46936<br />
W 88.43022<br />
227<br />
16<br />
26<br />
25<br />
14<br />
59<br />
90<br />
20<br />
19<br />
19<br />
19<br />
372<br />
467<br />
559<br />
567<br />
371<br />
541<br />
598<br />
339<br />
390<br />
367<br />
481
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
Mississippi<br />
83<br />
177<br />
Mississippi<br />
30<br />
31<br />
32<br />
33<br />
84<br />
85<br />
86<br />
178<br />
179<br />
Itawamba County<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
Lee County<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at exit to<br />
Highway 371 between mile markers 282 <strong>and</strong> 283<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 282<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Dogwood Valley trail between mile markers 275 <strong>and</strong> 276<br />
Mud Creek s<strong>and</strong> bar between mile markers 268 <strong>and</strong> 269<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) just south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
NATR headquarters at mile marker 265<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong><br />
Chickasaw Indian Home Site pull <strong>of</strong>f located between mile markers<br />
261 <strong>and</strong> 262<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 268<br />
<strong>and</strong> 269<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
266 <strong>and</strong> 267<br />
Wet ditch along wooded roadside area at mile marker 254<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 272<br />
Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 267 <strong>and</strong> 268<br />
- 155 -<br />
N 34.4579444<br />
W 88.4887778<br />
N 34.4552500<br />
W 88.4965833<br />
N 34.4222778<br />
W 88.6037500<br />
N 34.346944<br />
W 88.6845833<br />
N 34.3151667<br />
W 88.7175556<br />
N 34.2781944<br />
W 88.7419444<br />
N 34.3535000<br />
W 88.6805000<br />
N 34.3388333<br />
W 88.7006944<br />
N 34.1766667<br />
W 88.8029167<br />
N 34.3958056<br />
W 88.6503333<br />
N 34.3394444<br />
W 88.6998889<br />
41<br />
57<br />
57<br />
33<br />
36<br />
27<br />
36<br />
412<br />
454<br />
543<br />
436<br />
296<br />
330<br />
410<br />
301<br />
299<br />
298<br />
326
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
181<br />
196<br />
197<br />
198<br />
199<br />
200<br />
201<br />
335<br />
336<br />
337<br />
338<br />
421<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 17, 2005<br />
July 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 262<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 275 <strong>and</strong> 276<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 275 <strong>and</strong> 276<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at mile marker 265<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 260 <strong>and</strong> 261<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 259 <strong>and</strong> 260<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 251 <strong>and</strong> 252<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Dogwood Valley trail between mile markers 275 <strong>and</strong> 276<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 272 <strong>and</strong> 273<br />
Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 267 <strong>and</strong> 268<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong><br />
Chicksaw Indian Home Site pull <strong>of</strong>f located between mile markers 261<br />
<strong>and</strong> 262<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
located between mile markers 277 <strong>and</strong> 278<br />
- 156 -<br />
N 34.2768333<br />
W 88.7385000<br />
N 34.4222222<br />
W 88.6038889<br />
N 34.3383333<br />
W 88.7008333<br />
N 34.3158333<br />
W 88.7172222<br />
N 34.2783333<br />
W 88.2769444<br />
N 34.2425000<br />
W 88.7608333<br />
N 34.1494444<br />
W 88.8200000<br />
N 34.42227<br />
W 88.60348<br />
N 34.40343<br />
W 88.64038<br />
N 34. 33893<br />
W 88.70042<br />
N 34.27791<br />
W 88.74186<br />
N 34.42497<br />
W 88.57297<br />
32<br />
26<br />
21<br />
27<br />
12<br />
48<br />
314<br />
478<br />
273<br />
295<br />
318<br />
375<br />
373<br />
363<br />
455<br />
308<br />
298<br />
520
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
422<br />
423<br />
455<br />
456<br />
457<br />
Mississippi<br />
34<br />
202<br />
203<br />
204<br />
205<br />
339<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
Pontotoc County<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
May 19, 2005<br />
July 17, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 275 <strong>and</strong> 276 along <strong>the</strong> Dog Wood Valley<br />
Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 266 <strong>and</strong> 267<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 265 <strong>and</strong> 266<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
265 <strong>and</strong> 266<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at mile marker<br />
252 in <strong>the</strong> Black Belt Overlook pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong><br />
Black Belt Overlook pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 250 <strong>and</strong> 251<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 248<br />
<strong>and</strong> 249<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 248<br />
<strong>and</strong> 249<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 246 <strong>and</strong> 247<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 245 <strong>and</strong> 246<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 247 <strong>and</strong> 248<br />
- 157 -<br />
N 34.42225<br />
W 88.60360<br />
N 34.33856<br />
W 88.70066<br />
N 34.33034<br />
W 88.71017<br />
N 34.27442<br />
W 88.74193<br />
N 34.14955<br />
W 88.82003<br />
N 34.1494444<br />
W 88.8197222<br />
N 34.1155556<br />
W 88.8536111<br />
N 34.1083333<br />
W 88.8572222<br />
N 34.0883333<br />
W 88.8658333<br />
N 34.0711111<br />
W 88.8705556<br />
N 34.09697<br />
W 88.86051<br />
16<br />
24<br />
37<br />
438<br />
306<br />
348<br />
316<br />
373<br />
352<br />
417<br />
351<br />
487<br />
411<br />
437
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
Mississippi<br />
35<br />
36<br />
37<br />
87<br />
88<br />
89<br />
180<br />
206<br />
207<br />
208<br />
209<br />
340<br />
Chickasaw County<br />
August 22, 2004<br />
August 23, 2004<br />
August 23, 2004<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
March 14, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
July 17, 2005<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 244 <strong>and</strong> 245<br />
Open medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (< 60% cover) at mile marker 239<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 228 <strong>and</strong> 229<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong><br />
bridge just south <strong>of</strong> mile marker 242<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 228 <strong>and</strong> 229<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 229 <strong>and</strong> 230<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 237<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 228 <strong>and</strong> 229<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 224 <strong>and</strong> 225<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 222 <strong>and</strong> 223<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Witch<br />
Dance pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 233 <strong>and</strong> 234<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
225 <strong>and</strong> 226<br />
- 158 -<br />
N 34.0669167<br />
W 88.8760833<br />
N 33.9839167<br />
W 88.9130556<br />
N 33.9822500<br />
W 88.9670000<br />
N 34.0226111<br />
W 88.8929722<br />
N 33.8488889<br />
W 88.9672778<br />
N 33.7882222<br />
W 88.0108611<br />
N 33.9599722<br />
W 88.9319722<br />
N 33.8491667<br />
W 88.9663889<br />
N 33.8058333<br />
W 88.0000000<br />
N 33.7658333<br />
W 89.0188889<br />
N 33.9116667<br />
W 88.9391667<br />
N 33.81406<br />
W 88.99165<br />
113<br />
104<br />
104<br />
22<br />
20<br />
439<br />
395<br />
339<br />
271<br />
270<br />
270<br />
535<br />
296<br />
383<br />
437<br />
339<br />
319
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
342<br />
343<br />
424<br />
425<br />
426<br />
427<br />
428<br />
429<br />
430<br />
431<br />
Mississippi<br />
345<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
Clay County<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 224 <strong>and</strong> 225<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
223 <strong>and</strong> 224<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 236 <strong>and</strong> 237<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 233 <strong>and</strong> 234 at Witch Dance along <strong>the</strong> horse trail<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
231 <strong>and</strong> 232<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 228 <strong>and</strong> 229<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 224 <strong>and</strong> 225<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
223 <strong>and</strong> 224<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
223 <strong>and</strong> 224<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 221 <strong>and</strong> 222 along a section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old Trace<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between 218 <strong>and</strong> 219<br />
- 159 -<br />
N 33.80346<br />
W 89.00237<br />
N 33.78888<br />
W 89.01187<br />
N 33.94906<br />
W 88.92813<br />
N 33.91133<br />
W 88.94007<br />
N 33.88880<br />
W 88.95199<br />
N 33.84909<br />
W 88.96667<br />
N 33.80380<br />
W 89.00214<br />
N 33.78878<br />
W 89.01182<br />
N 33.78668<br />
W 89.01283<br />
N 33.75804<br />
W 89.02079<br />
N 33.71546<br />
W 89.03556<br />
23<br />
30<br />
20<br />
15<br />
286<br />
311<br />
455<br />
339<br />
340<br />
300<br />
350<br />
295<br />
308<br />
348<br />
312
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
Mississippi<br />
38<br />
182<br />
183<br />
184<br />
210<br />
211<br />
212<br />
213<br />
214<br />
215<br />
217<br />
344<br />
Webster County<br />
August 23, 2004<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 208 <strong>and</strong> 209<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 215 <strong>and</strong> 216<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 213<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 208<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 211 <strong>and</strong> 212<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
marker 210 <strong>and</strong> 211<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 210 <strong>and</strong> 211<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 208 <strong>and</strong> 209<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
207 <strong>and</strong> 208<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 205 <strong>and</strong> 206<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
marker 205 <strong>and</strong> 206<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 219 <strong>and</strong> 220<br />
- 160 -<br />
N 33.5946111<br />
W 89.1175278<br />
N 33.6756944<br />
W 89.0466944<br />
N 33.6485556<br />
W 89.0749722<br />
N 33.5888056<br />
W 89.1200000<br />
N 33.7147222<br />
W 89.0355556<br />
N 33.6380556<br />
W 89.0772222<br />
N 33.6144444<br />
W 89.0961111<br />
N 33.5936111<br />
W 89.1180556<br />
N 33.5802778<br />
W 89.1222222<br />
N 33.5591667<br />
W 89.1350000<br />
N 33.5586111<br />
W 89.1352778<br />
N 33.73221<br />
W 89.03154<br />
23<br />
24<br />
20<br />
573<br />
306<br />
353<br />
420<br />
333<br />
363<br />
458<br />
481<br />
472<br />
516<br />
406<br />
362
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
346<br />
347<br />
348<br />
432<br />
433<br />
434<br />
435<br />
436<br />
437<br />
Mississippi<br />
39<br />
40<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
Choctaw County<br />
August 23, 2004<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 213 <strong>and</strong> 214<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 213 <strong>and</strong> 214<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 210 <strong>and</strong> 211<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 217 <strong>and</strong> 218<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 216 <strong>and</strong> 217<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 213 <strong>and</strong> 214 along<br />
Line Creek<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 212 <strong>and</strong> 213<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
207 <strong>and</strong> 208<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 203 <strong>and</strong> 204<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Ballard<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 200 <strong>and</strong> 201<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest in <strong>the</strong> Jeff Busby Park<br />
between mile markers 193 <strong>and</strong> 194<br />
- 161 -<br />
N 33.65527<br />
W 89.07062<br />
N 33.64998<br />
W 89.07403<br />
N 33.64981<br />
W 89.07414<br />
N 33.69980<br />
W 89.04111<br />
N 33.68728<br />
W 89.04211<br />
N 33.65301<br />
W 89.07239<br />
N 33.63622<br />
W 89.07767<br />
N 33.58483<br />
W 89.12096<br />
N 33.53168<br />
W 89.15440<br />
N 33.5094722<br />
W 89.1808056<br />
N 33.4135833<br />
W 89.2609444<br />
364<br />
352<br />
367<br />
397<br />
312<br />
397<br />
363<br />
411<br />
465<br />
535<br />
584
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
41<br />
185<br />
186<br />
187<br />
218<br />
219<br />
220<br />
221<br />
222<br />
349<br />
350<br />
351<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
Open medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (60% cover) between mile marker 181<br />
<strong>and</strong> 182<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 202 <strong>and</strong> 203<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest in <strong>the</strong> Jeff Busby Park<br />
between mile markers 193 <strong>and</strong> 194<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
marker 187 <strong>and</strong> 188<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 185 <strong>and</strong> 186<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile marker 181<br />
<strong>and</strong> 182<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 202 <strong>and</strong> 203<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 195 <strong>and</strong> 196<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 193<br />
<strong>and</strong> 194<br />
- 162 -<br />
N 33.3583333<br />
W 89.3347500<br />
N 33.4795278<br />
W 89.2020833<br />
N 33.3558611<br />
W 89.3375833<br />
N 33.2991667<br />
W 89.39839611<br />
N 33.5247222<br />
W 89.1636111<br />
N 33.4136111<br />
W 89.2608333<br />
N 33.3611111<br />
W 89.3275000<br />
N 33.3436111<br />
W 89.3502778<br />
N 33.2977778<br />
W 89.3997222<br />
N 33.52113<br />
W 89.16862<br />
N 33.52114<br />
W 89.16862<br />
N 33.41404<br />
W 89.26085<br />
20<br />
45<br />
55<br />
420<br />
343<br />
374<br />
471<br />
383<br />
584<br />
471<br />
415<br />
471<br />
409<br />
408<br />
617
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
352<br />
353<br />
354<br />
355<br />
356<br />
357<br />
358<br />
359<br />
360<br />
438<br />
439<br />
440<br />
July 12, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 15, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest in <strong>the</strong> Jeff Busby Park<br />
between mile markers 193 <strong>and</strong> 194<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest in <strong>the</strong> Jeff Busby Park<br />
between mile markers 193 <strong>and</strong> 194<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 191 <strong>and</strong> 192<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 188 <strong>and</strong> 189<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 188 <strong>and</strong> 189<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 187 <strong>and</strong> 188<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 187 <strong>and</strong> 188<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 186 <strong>and</strong> 187<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 183 <strong>and</strong> 184<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 198<br />
<strong>and</strong> 199<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 195<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 194 <strong>and</strong> 195<br />
- 163 -<br />
N 33.41572<br />
W 89.26532<br />
N 33.41564<br />
W 89.26533<br />
N 33.39799<br />
W 89.27469<br />
N 33.37144<br />
W 89.29351<br />
N 33.36407<br />
W 89.30989<br />
N 33.36156<br />
W 89.32155<br />
N 33.36073<br />
W 89.32698<br />
N 33.35750<br />
W 89.33613<br />
N 33.31777<br />
W 89.36975<br />
N 33.47856<br />
W 89.20269<br />
N 33.43577<br />
W 89.24676<br />
N 33.42947<br />
W 89.25453<br />
501<br />
501<br />
414<br />
554<br />
573<br />
566<br />
523<br />
653<br />
563<br />
434<br />
460<br />
513
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
441<br />
442<br />
443<br />
444<br />
445<br />
446<br />
447<br />
Mississippi<br />
42<br />
43<br />
44<br />
91<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
Attala County<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 193<br />
<strong>and</strong> 194 in <strong>the</strong> Jeff Busby pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 191 <strong>and</strong> 192<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
marker 189 <strong>and</strong> 190<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest between mile<br />
markers 186 <strong>and</strong> 187<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 185 <strong>and</strong> 186<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
180 <strong>and</strong> 181<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 180 <strong>and</strong> 181 just south <strong>of</strong> French Camp<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 178<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong><br />
Kosciusko Information center located at mile marker 160<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between<br />
mile markers 158 <strong>and</strong> 159<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at Hurricane<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 164 <strong>and</strong> 165<br />
- 164 -<br />
N 33.41358<br />
W 89.26136<br />
N 33.39501<br />
W 89.27614<br />
N 33.36855<br />
W 89.29978<br />
N 33.35576<br />
W 89.33785<br />
N 33.34393<br />
W 89.34801<br />
N 33.29548<br />
W 89.40202<br />
N 33.29379<br />
W 89.40304<br />
N 33.2576111<br />
W 89.4210833<br />
N 33.0377778<br />
W 89.5785833<br />
N 33.0245000<br />
W 89.5933056<br />
N 33.0823889<br />
W 89.5257500<br />
640<br />
468<br />
491<br />
474<br />
482<br />
468<br />
447<br />
397<br />
441<br />
425<br />
550
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
92<br />
93<br />
188<br />
216<br />
223<br />
224<br />
225<br />
226<br />
227<br />
228<br />
229<br />
230<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 18, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 17, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest Cole creek<br />
between mile markers 175 <strong>and</strong> 176<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 154 <strong>and</strong><br />
155<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> at mile marker<br />
176<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest between mile<br />
markers 173 <strong>and</strong> 174<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 179 <strong>and</strong> 180<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 177<br />
<strong>and</strong> 178<br />
Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile<br />
markers 176 <strong>and</strong> 177<br />
Saturated perennial tall forb vegetation between mile markers 175<br />
<strong>and</strong> 176<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 159 <strong>and</strong> 160<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest between mile<br />
markers 173 <strong>and</strong> 174<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 172 <strong>and</strong> 173<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 169 <strong>and</strong> 170<br />
- 165 -<br />
N 33.3366944<br />
W 89.3571111<br />
N 32.9676389<br />
W 89.6123056<br />
N 33.2331111<br />
W 89.4431111<br />
N 33.2050000<br />
W 89.4552778<br />
N 33.2750000<br />
W 89.4116667<br />
N 33.2522222<br />
W 89.4233333<br />
N 33.2427778<br />
W 89.4311111<br />
N 33.2291667<br />
W 89.4334639<br />
N 33.0338889<br />
W 89.5825000<br />
N 33.2044444<br />
W 89.4550000<br />
N 33.1808333<br />
W 89.4569444<br />
N 33.1355556<br />
W 89.4877778<br />
30<br />
21<br />
524<br />
420<br />
533<br />
515<br />
501<br />
480<br />
476<br />
428<br />
429<br />
503<br />
576<br />
325
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
231<br />
232<br />
233<br />
234<br />
235<br />
236<br />
341<br />
361<br />
362<br />
363<br />
364<br />
365<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
July 17, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed area between mile markers 165 <strong>and</strong> 166<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 158 <strong>and</strong> 159<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 157<br />
<strong>and</strong> 158<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest between mile<br />
markers 156 <strong>and</strong> 157<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 155 <strong>and</strong> 156<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest Holly Hill<br />
between mile markers 150 <strong>and</strong> 155<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l Mission pull<br />
<strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 176 <strong>and</strong> 177<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers<br />
177<strong>and</strong> 178<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) at <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l Mission pull<br />
<strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 176 <strong>and</strong> 177<br />
Saturated perennial tall forb vegetation between mile markers 175<br />
<strong>and</strong> 176<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 169 <strong>and</strong> 170<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 165 <strong>and</strong> 166<br />
- 166 -<br />
N 33.0825000<br />
W 89.5285333<br />
N 33.0269444<br />
W 89.5911111<br />
N 33.0047222<br />
W 89.6011111<br />
N 32.9972222<br />
W 89.6530556<br />
N 32.9763889<br />
W 89.6108333<br />
N 32.9633333<br />
W 89.6133333<br />
N 33.23605<br />
W 89.43993<br />
N 33.25128<br />
W 89.42374<br />
N 33.23597<br />
W 89.43990<br />
N 33.23597<br />
W 89.43991<br />
N 33.14150<br />
W 89.48400<br />
N 33.09908<br />
W 89.51261<br />
22<br />
427<br />
371<br />
430<br />
435<br />
409<br />
418<br />
509<br />
577<br />
520<br />
507<br />
627<br />
609
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
366<br />
367<br />
368<br />
369<br />
370<br />
448<br />
449<br />
450<br />
451<br />
452<br />
453<br />
454<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
July 13, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
October 16, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 161 <strong>and</strong> 162<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 160 <strong>and</strong> 161<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 159 <strong>and</strong> 160<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 157<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 155 <strong>and</strong> 156<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 178 <strong>and</strong> 179<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between<br />
mile markers 176 <strong>and</strong> 177 along Cole Creek<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 176 <strong>and</strong> 177 at <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l Mission pull <strong>of</strong>f.<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 173 <strong>and</strong> 174.<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
172 <strong>and</strong> 173.<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile markers<br />
168 <strong>and</strong> 169.<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
makers 164 <strong>and</strong> 165 at <strong>the</strong> Hurricane Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
- 167 -<br />
N 33.05847<br />
W 89.55995<br />
N 33.04404<br />
W 89.57158<br />
N 33.03118<br />
W 89.58634<br />
N 33.00157<br />
W 89.60177<br />
N 32.97740<br />
W 89.61043<br />
N 33.26878<br />
W 89.41606<br />
N 33.22908<br />
W 89.44573<br />
N 33.23592<br />
W 89.44001<br />
N 33.20420<br />
W 89.45532<br />
N 33.18118<br />
W 89.45689<br />
N 33.14265<br />
W 89.48385<br />
N 33.08258<br />
W 89.52585<br />
450<br />
445<br />
409<br />
397<br />
382<br />
517<br />
476<br />
444<br />
468<br />
476<br />
504<br />
475
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
458<br />
459<br />
460<br />
461<br />
462<br />
463<br />
Mississippi<br />
45<br />
46<br />
47<br />
94<br />
189<br />
190<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
Leake County<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
August 24, 2004<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
Planted pasture at mile marker 165<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 163<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 162 <strong>and</strong> 163<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 158 <strong>and</strong> 159<br />
Mixed needle –leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between<br />
mile markers 157 <strong>and</strong> 158<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 154 <strong>and</strong> 155<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along nature<br />
trail at <strong>the</strong> Myrick Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f at mile marker 145<br />
Ab<strong>and</strong>oned field located between mile markers 143 <strong>and</strong> 145<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 142 <strong>and</strong> 143<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 139<br />
<strong>and</strong> 140<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile marker 146 <strong>and</strong> 147<br />
Hayed prairie with introduced grasses at mile marker 145<br />
- 168 -<br />
N 33.08936<br />
W 89.51743<br />
N 33.07125<br />
W 89.54457<br />
N 33.06383<br />
W 89.55441<br />
N 33.02360<br />
W 89.59406<br />
N 33.00456<br />
W 89.60114<br />
N 32.96340<br />
W 89.61326<br />
N 32.8433611<br />
W 89.6696111<br />
N 32.8667500<br />
W 89.6586944<br />
N 32.8098333<br />
W 89.6850556<br />
N 32.7541944<br />
W 89.6875556<br />
N 32.8646389<br />
W 89.6591389<br />
N 32.8413611<br />
W 89.6700000<br />
30<br />
28<br />
20<br />
386<br />
451<br />
415<br />
435<br />
427<br />
443<br />
422<br />
360<br />
297<br />
391<br />
417<br />
337
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
237<br />
238<br />
239<br />
240<br />
241<br />
242<br />
243<br />
244<br />
245<br />
371<br />
372<br />
373<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 16, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed grassl<strong>and</strong> at mile maker 149<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along nature<br />
trail at <strong>the</strong> Myrick Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f at mile marker 145<br />
Cultivated prairie between mile markers 141 <strong>and</strong> 142<br />
Cultivated prairie between mile marker 141 <strong>and</strong> 142<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 140 <strong>and</strong> 141<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 139 <strong>and</strong> 140<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 139 <strong>and</strong> 140<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 138 <strong>and</strong> 139<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 135 <strong>and</strong> 136<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile markers 148<br />
<strong>and</strong> 149<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile markers 148<br />
<strong>and</strong> 149<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed grassl<strong>and</strong> between mile markers 147<br />
<strong>and</strong> 148<br />
- 169 -<br />
N 32.8872222<br />
W 89.6044444<br />
N 32.8433333<br />
W 89.6700000<br />
N 32.7994444<br />
W 89.6877778<br />
N 32.7869444<br />
W 89.6861111<br />
N 32.7800000<br />
W 89.6888889<br />
N 32.7663889<br />
W 89.6886111<br />
N 32.7650000<br />
W 89.6877778<br />
N 32.7527778<br />
W 89.6875000<br />
N 32.7066667<br />
W 89.7105556<br />
N 32.88688<br />
W 89.63831<br />
N 32.88438<br />
W 89.64033<br />
N 32.87494<br />
W 89.65061<br />
402<br />
422<br />
410<br />
388<br />
353<br />
405<br />
504<br />
411<br />
430<br />
374<br />
386<br />
380
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
374<br />
375<br />
376<br />
377<br />
464<br />
465<br />
466<br />
467<br />
468<br />
469<br />
Mississippi<br />
48<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
Madison County<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 145 <strong>and</strong> 146<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 142 <strong>and</strong> 143<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 142<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 134 <strong>and</strong> 135<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 147 <strong>and</strong> 148<br />
Needle-leaved evergreen seasonally/temporarily flooded forest with<br />
rounded crowns between mile markers 146 <strong>and</strong> 147<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 145 <strong>and</strong> 146 along Myrick Creek trail<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous<br />
seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker 142<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 134 <strong>and</strong> 135<br />
Dense medium tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (> 60% cover) between mile marker 133<br />
<strong>and</strong> 134<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along<br />
<strong>the</strong> water’s edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pearl River located between mile markers 122<br />
<strong>and</strong> 123<br />
- 170 -<br />
N 32.84346<br />
W 89.67022<br />
N 32.81116<br />
W 89.68457<br />
N 32.79999<br />
W 89.68775<br />
N 32.69997<br />
W 89.71378<br />
N 32.88453<br />
W 89.64060<br />
N 32.86463<br />
W 89.65913<br />
N 32.8433333<br />
W 89.67000000<br />
N 32.799999<br />
W 89.68775<br />
N 32.69997<br />
W 89.71378<br />
N 32.68830<br />
W 89.72361<br />
N 32.5843056<br />
W 89.8618056<br />
467<br />
415<br />
395<br />
411<br />
407<br />
417<br />
422<br />
395<br />
411<br />
353<br />
375
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
49<br />
50<br />
90<br />
95<br />
96<br />
97<br />
98<br />
99<br />
100<br />
101<br />
102<br />
103<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 13, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong><br />
Tupelo-Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ross Barnett Reservoir between mile markers 112 <strong>and</strong><br />
113<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 110<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong> Tupelo-<br />
Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker<br />
123<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
water’s edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pearl River located between mile markers 122<br />
<strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong> Tupelo-<br />
Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 111<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 111<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 110<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 101 <strong>and</strong> 102<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 101 <strong>and</strong> 102<br />
- 171 -<br />
N 32.5794722<br />
W 89.8700556<br />
N 32.5031944<br />
W 89.9986667<br />
N 32.4795278<br />
W 90.0288333<br />
N 32.6340278<br />
W 89.8199444<br />
N 32.5889444<br />
W 89.8577500<br />
N 32.5847222<br />
W 89.8615000<br />
N 32.5797500<br />
W 89.8700000<br />
N 32.4929167<br />
W 90.02136911<br />
N 32.4930556<br />
W 90.0212500<br />
N 32.4795278<br />
W 90.0288333<br />
N 32.4652222<br />
W 90.0592778<br />
N 32.4265556<br />
W 90.1348611<br />
18<br />
20<br />
15<br />
24<br />
58<br />
21<br />
21<br />
375<br />
337<br />
333<br />
353<br />
373<br />
410<br />
284<br />
336<br />
404<br />
333<br />
425<br />
425
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
191<br />
192<br />
193<br />
194<br />
246<br />
247<br />
248<br />
249<br />
250<br />
251<br />
252<br />
253<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
May 15, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 132<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 130 <strong>and</strong><br />
131<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) at mile marker 130<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 115<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 128 <strong>and</strong><br />
129<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 126 <strong>and</strong> 127<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 124 <strong>and</strong> 125<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 124 <strong>and</strong> 125<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong> Tupelo-<br />
Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 119 <strong>and</strong> 120<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest<br />
between mile markers 102 <strong>and</strong> 103<br />
- 172 -<br />
N 32.6728333<br />
W 89.7473889<br />
N 32.6602222<br />
W 89.7671667<br />
N 32.6566944<br />
W 89.7750000<br />
N 32.5269444<br />
W 89.9721111<br />
N 32.6427778<br />
W 89.7963889<br />
N 32.62561111 W<br />
89.8233333<br />
N 32.6055556<br />
W 89.8433333<br />
N 32.6033333<br />
W 89.8450000<br />
N 32.5844444<br />
W 89.8613889<br />
N 32.5794444<br />
W 89.8697222<br />
N 32.5655556<br />
W 89.9038889<br />
N 32.4261111<br />
W 90.1285833<br />
30<br />
31<br />
100<br />
23<br />
364<br />
353<br />
353<br />
359<br />
380<br />
338<br />
333<br />
338<br />
415<br />
395
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
254<br />
255<br />
256<br />
257<br />
258<br />
259<br />
378<br />
379<br />
380<br />
381<br />
382<br />
383<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 119 <strong>and</strong> 120<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 113 <strong>and</strong> 114<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 110 <strong>and</strong> 111<br />
Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 108 <strong>and</strong> 109<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 106 <strong>and</strong> 107<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 105 <strong>and</strong> 106<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) at mile marker 131<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 127 <strong>and</strong> 128<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 126 <strong>and</strong> 127<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 123 <strong>and</strong> 124<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along <strong>the</strong><br />
water’s edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pearl River located between mile markers 122<br />
<strong>and</strong> 123<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in <strong>the</strong> Tupelo-<br />
Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 <strong>and</strong> 123<br />
- 173 -<br />
N 32.5611389<br />
W 89.9152778<br />
N 32.5150000<br />
W 89.9912778<br />
N 32.4835833<br />
W 90.0258056<br />
N 32.4685278<br />
W 90.0542222<br />
N 32.4480278<br />
W 90.0718889<br />
N 32.4369444<br />
W 90.0742500<br />
N 32.66364<br />
W 89.76020<br />
N 32.63961<br />
W 89.80839<br />
N 32.63301<br />
W 89.82098<br />
N 32.60006<br />
W 89.84717<br />
N 32.58448<br />
W 89.86176<br />
N 32.57929<br />
W 89.86997<br />
415<br />
335<br />
469<br />
456<br />
295<br />
391<br />
396
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
384<br />
385<br />
386<br />
470<br />
471<br />
472<br />
473<br />
474<br />
475<br />
476<br />
477<br />
478<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 17, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 119 <strong>and</strong> 120<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 113 <strong>and</strong> 114<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 102 <strong>and</strong> 103<br />
Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded<br />
forest between mile markers 123 <strong>and</strong> 124<br />
Open tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (60% cover) between mile markers 101 <strong>and</strong><br />
102<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 100 <strong>and</strong> 101<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 100 <strong>and</strong><br />
101<br />
- 174 -<br />
N 32.56256<br />
W 89.91197<br />
N 32.51409<br />
W 89.99257<br />
N 32.42753<br />
W 90.11646<br />
N 32.59060<br />
W 89.85594<br />
N 32.66670<br />
W 89.75582<br />
N 32.66006<br />
W 89.84717<br />
N 32.57950<br />
W 89.87009<br />
N 32.4369444<br />
W 90.9742500<br />
N 32.42747<br />
W 90.10972<br />
N 32.42694<br />
W 90.12428<br />
N 32.43098<br />
W 90.15283<br />
N 32.43109<br />
W 90.16199<br />
389<br />
313<br />
321<br />
359<br />
320<br />
295<br />
403<br />
415<br />
345<br />
412<br />
420<br />
381
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
479<br />
Mississippi<br />
51<br />
52<br />
53<br />
55<br />
56<br />
57<br />
104<br />
105<br />
106<br />
107<br />
108<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Hinds County<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 97 <strong>and</strong> 98<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 82 <strong>and</strong> 83<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Battle<br />
<strong>of</strong> Raymond pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 78 <strong>and</strong> 79<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Lower Choctaw Boundary pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 61 <strong>and</strong> 62<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 80 <strong>and</strong> 81<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 71 <strong>and</strong> 72<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 68 <strong>and</strong><br />
69<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 87 <strong>and</strong> 88<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 82 <strong>and</strong> 83<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 73 <strong>and</strong> 74<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 71 <strong>and</strong> 72<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 65 <strong>and</strong> 66<br />
- 175 -<br />
N 32.42079<br />
W 90.20692<br />
N 32.2917222<br />
W 90.4101944<br />
N 32.2769444<br />
W 90.4751944<br />
N 32.1516944<br />
W 90.7111944<br />
N 32.2855278<br />
W 90.4394444<br />
N 32.2175278<br />
W 90.5660000<br />
N 32.1938611<br />
W 90.6134167<br />
N 32.3430556<br />
W 90.3536389<br />
N 32.2917778<br />
W 90.4101111<br />
N 32.2344722<br />
W 90.5409722<br />
N 32.2337778<br />
W 90.5450833<br />
N 32.1726667<br />
W 90.6551944<br />
16<br />
16<br />
13<br />
13<br />
393<br />
337<br />
332<br />
243<br />
308<br />
233<br />
282<br />
375<br />
306<br />
187<br />
218<br />
225
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
109<br />
260<br />
261<br />
262<br />
263<br />
264<br />
265<br />
266<br />
267<br />
268<br />
269<br />
387<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
July 14, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 63<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 87 <strong>and</strong><br />
88<br />
Disturbed roadside between mile markers 85 <strong>and</strong> 86<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 83 <strong>and</strong> 84<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 81 <strong>and</strong> 82<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 81 <strong>and</strong> 82<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 80 <strong>and</strong> 81<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 78 <strong>and</strong> 79<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 77 <strong>and</strong> 79<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 77 <strong>and</strong> 78<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 73 <strong>and</strong> 74<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Osburn St<strong>and</strong> pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 93 <strong>and</strong> 94<br />
- 176 -<br />
N 32.1577222<br />
W 90.6914444<br />
N 32.3437222<br />
W 90.3531944<br />
N 32.3182778<br />
W 90.3736667<br />
N 32.3000000<br />
W 90.3952778<br />
N 32.2908333<br />
W 90.4211111<br />
N 32.2894444<br />
W 90.4288889<br />
N 32.2860278<br />
W 90.4372222<br />
N 32.2794444<br />
W 90.4708333<br />
N 32.2775000<br />
W 90.4755556<br />
N 32.2736111<br />
W 90.4825000<br />
N 32.2344444<br />
W 90.5408333<br />
N 32.38893<br />
W 90.25543<br />
25<br />
330<br />
375<br />
297<br />
267<br />
284<br />
287<br />
295<br />
222<br />
273<br />
219<br />
328
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
388<br />
389<br />
390<br />
391<br />
392<br />
393<br />
480<br />
481<br />
482<br />
483<br />
484<br />
485<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed grassl<strong>and</strong> located between mile markers 91 <strong>and</strong><br />
92<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 89 <strong>and</strong><br />
90<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) between mile markers 82 <strong>and</strong> 83<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) at mile marker 80<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 77 <strong>and</strong> 78<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> cotton field located between mile markers 74 <strong>and</strong> 75<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (?60% cover) between mile markers 91 <strong>and</strong> 92<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 85 <strong>and</strong> 86<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (.60% cover) between mile markers 82 <strong>and</strong> 83<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 79 <strong>and</strong> 80<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 67 <strong>and</strong><br />
68<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 63 <strong>and</strong> 64<br />
- 177 -<br />
N 32.37307<br />
W 90.28065<br />
N 32.35929<br />
W 90.30816<br />
N 32.30244<br />
W 90.39300<br />
N 32.28263<br />
W 90.45181<br />
N 32.26646<br />
W 90.49060<br />
N 32.42537<br />
W 90.53452<br />
N 32.37307<br />
W 90.28065<br />
N 32.32459<br />
W 90.36583<br />
N 32.2917222<br />
W 90.4101944<br />
N 32.28204<br />
W 90.45827<br />
N 32.19143<br />
W 90.61634<br />
N 32.16089<br />
W 90.67968<br />
300<br />
337<br />
264<br />
326<br />
279<br />
268<br />
300<br />
315<br />
337<br />
351<br />
370<br />
275
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
Mississippi<br />
54<br />
58<br />
110<br />
111<br />
112<br />
113<br />
114<br />
115<br />
116<br />
195<br />
270<br />
271<br />
Claiborne County<br />
August 25, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
March 12, 2005<br />
May 14, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along<br />
Rocky Springs Path at mile marker 55<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Owens Creek Falls pull<br />
<strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 52 <strong>and</strong> 53<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 60<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 56<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Owens Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 52 <strong>and</strong> 53<br />
Wet prairie between mile marker 49 <strong>and</strong> 50<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest located at mile marker 47<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 44 <strong>and</strong> 45<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 41 <strong>and</strong><br />
42<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along Rocky<br />
Springs Path at mile marker 55<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 61 <strong>and</strong> 62<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 59 <strong>and</strong> 60<br />
- 178 -<br />
N 32.0892222<br />
W 90.8115278<br />
N 32.0606944<br />
W 90.8258611<br />
N 32.1362222<br />
W 90.7353611<br />
N 32.0979167<br />
W 90.7829444<br />
N 32.0605556<br />
W 90.8258611<br />
N 32.0184444<br />
W 90.8488056<br />
N 31.9978889<br />
W 90.9050278<br />
N 31.9957778<br />
W 90.9217500<br />
N 31.9410556<br />
W 90.9717500<br />
N 32.0858611<br />
W 90.8031389<br />
N 32.1476389<br />
W 90.7248333<br />
N 32.1261111<br />
W 90.7541667<br />
18<br />
20<br />
15<br />
20<br />
41<br />
28<br />
614<br />
450<br />
238<br />
156<br />
232<br />
188<br />
190<br />
190<br />
140<br />
295<br />
241
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
272<br />
273<br />
274<br />
275<br />
276<br />
277<br />
278<br />
279<br />
280<br />
394<br />
395<br />
396<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 13, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 57 <strong>and</strong> 58<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 54 <strong>and</strong> 55<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Owens Creek pull <strong>of</strong><br />
between mile markers 52 <strong>and</strong> 53<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 50 <strong>and</strong><br />
51<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 50 <strong>and</strong><br />
51<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 50 <strong>and</strong><br />
51<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at Mangum<br />
mound pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 46 <strong>and</strong> 47<br />
Open tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (60% cover) between mile markers 48 <strong>and</strong> 49<br />
- 179 -<br />
N 32.1172222<br />
W 90.7663889<br />
N 32.0863889<br />
W 90.7986111<br />
N 32.060833<br />
W 90.8263889<br />
N 32.0397222<br />
W 90.8358333<br />
N 32.0322222<br />
W 90.8391667<br />
N 32.0322222<br />
W 90.8391667<br />
N 31.8600000<br />
W 90.8991667<br />
N 31.9483333<br />
W 90.9650000<br />
N 31.9622222<br />
W 91.0419444<br />
N 32.14787<br />
W 90.72487<br />
N 32.06062<br />
W 90.82622<br />
N 32.01124<br />
W 90.85436<br />
240<br />
264<br />
280<br />
259<br />
259<br />
233<br />
191<br />
382<br />
227<br />
228<br />
180
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
397<br />
486<br />
487<br />
488<br />
489<br />
490<br />
491<br />
492<br />
493<br />
Mississippi<br />
59<br />
60<br />
61<br />
July 15, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Jefferson County<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> corn field between mile markers 49 <strong>and</strong> 50<br />
Needle-leaved evergreen seasonally/temporarily flooded forest with<br />
rounded crowns between mile markers 59 <strong>and</strong> 60<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest 54 <strong>and</strong> 55<br />
along <strong>the</strong> Rocky Springs pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Margin <strong>of</strong> a cultivated cotton field between mile markers 47 <strong>and</strong> 48<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 46 <strong>and</strong><br />
47<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 46 <strong>and</strong> 47 at <strong>the</strong> Mangum Mound pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 41 <strong>and</strong><br />
42 along <strong>the</strong> Sunken Trace<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 43 <strong>and</strong> 44<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 44 <strong>and</strong> 45<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 26 <strong>and</strong> 27<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Bullen<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 18 <strong>and</strong> 19<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Coles<br />
Creek Picnic area between mile markers 17 <strong>and</strong> 18<br />
- 180 -<br />
N 32.01926<br />
W 90.84810<br />
N 32.12610<br />
W 90.75432<br />
N 32.08649<br />
W 90.79870<br />
N 31.99926<br />
W 90.87163<br />
N 31.99652<br />
W 90.88220<br />
N 31.99354<br />
W 90.899166<br />
N 31.97016<br />
W 90.95555<br />
N 31.99099<br />
W 90.93434<br />
N 31.99468<br />
W 90.91275<br />
N 31.8020556<br />
W 91.0987500<br />
N 31.7236389<br />
W 91.1760278<br />
N 31.7108333<br />
W 91.1791667<br />
152<br />
238<br />
276<br />
163<br />
130<br />
191<br />
233<br />
253<br />
277<br />
529<br />
397<br />
175
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
62<br />
117<br />
118<br />
119<br />
120<br />
121<br />
122<br />
281<br />
282<br />
283<br />
284<br />
285<br />
August 26, 2004<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at <strong>the</strong> Loess<br />
Bluff pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 12 <strong>and</strong> 13<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 28<br />
Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally<br />
flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 25<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 21 <strong>and</strong><br />
22<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Bullen<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 18 <strong>and</strong> 19<br />
Hayed prairie between mile markers 17 <strong>and</strong> 18<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 10 <strong>and</strong> 11<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile marker 30 <strong>and</strong><br />
31<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 24 <strong>and</strong><br />
25<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 21 <strong>and</strong><br />
22<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 21 <strong>and</strong><br />
22<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 20 <strong>and</strong> 21<br />
- 181 -<br />
N 31.6465000<br />
W 91.2100556<br />
N 31.8152778<br />
W 90.0795000<br />
N 31.78636<br />
W 91.11785<br />
N 31.7600833<br />
W 91.7600833<br />
N 31.7237500<br />
W 91.1755278<br />
N 31.71509<br />
W 91.17827<br />
N 31.6280833<br />
W 91.2360556<br />
N 31.8427778<br />
W 91.0586111<br />
N 31.7852778<br />
W 91.1194444<br />
N 31.7669444<br />
W 91.1652778<br />
N 31.7627222<br />
W 91.1669722<br />
N 31.7575000<br />
W 91.1747222<br />
12<br />
38<br />
23<br />
24<br />
27<br />
304<br />
244<br />
198<br />
108<br />
174<br />
151<br />
502<br />
330<br />
187<br />
164<br />
164<br />
211
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
286<br />
87<br />
288<br />
289<br />
290<br />
291<br />
293<br />
299<br />
404<br />
405<br />
406<br />
407<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 12, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 19 <strong>and</strong> 20<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Bullen<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 18 <strong>and</strong> 19<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 18 <strong>and</strong> 19<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 15 <strong>and</strong><br />
16<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 12 <strong>and</strong> 13<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 11 <strong>and</strong> 12<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 8 <strong>and</strong> 9<br />
Dense tall grassl<strong>and</strong> (>60% cover) at Mount Locust between mile<br />
markers 15 <strong>and</strong> 16<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at Mount Locust between mile<br />
markers 15 <strong>and</strong> 16<br />
Cultivated <strong>and</strong> hayed prairie between mile markers 17 <strong>and</strong> 18<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Bullen<br />
Creek pull <strong>of</strong>f between mile markers 18 <strong>and</strong> 19<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 29 <strong>and</strong><br />
30<br />
- 182 -<br />
N 31.7283333<br />
W 91.1750000<br />
N 31.7238889<br />
W 91.1755556<br />
N 31.6852778<br />
W 91.1875000<br />
N 31.6863889<br />
W 91.19048<br />
N 31.6464167<br />
W 91.2100833<br />
N 31.6437500<br />
W 91.2136111<br />
N 31.6122778<br />
W 91.2606944<br />
N 31.6869722<br />
W 91.1893333<br />
N 31.6869722<br />
W 91.1893333<br />
N 31.71629<br />
W 91.17827<br />
N 31.72377<br />
W 91.17540<br />
N 31.83241<br />
W 91.07081<br />
175<br />
263<br />
263<br />
205<br />
304<br />
303<br />
293<br />
205<br />
205<br />
151<br />
161<br />
282
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
494<br />
495<br />
496<br />
Mississippi<br />
123<br />
124<br />
292<br />
294<br />
295<br />
296<br />
297<br />
298<br />
398<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Adams County<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
March 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
May 11, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 24 <strong>and</strong> 25<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 21 <strong>and</strong> 22<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 15 <strong>and</strong><br />
16 at Mount Locust<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 8 <strong>and</strong><br />
9<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 8 <strong>and</strong> 9<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile<br />
marker 9<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 6 <strong>and</strong> 7<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 6 <strong>and</strong> 7<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 3 <strong>and</strong><br />
4<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 1 <strong>and</strong><br />
2<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 0 <strong>and</strong> 1<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus<br />
<strong>and</strong> mile marker 1<br />
- 183 -<br />
N 31.7825778<br />
W 91.119444<br />
N 31.7669444<br />
W 91.1652778<br />
N 31.68864<br />
W 91.18883<br />
N 31.6073889<br />
W 91.2609722<br />
N 31.6073889<br />
W 91.2624167<br />
N 31.6174444<br />
W 91.2545000<br />
N 31.5929722<br />
W 91.2729722<br />
N 31.5924167<br />
W 91.2729722<br />
N 31.5683333<br />
W 91.3097222<br />
N 31.5524167<br />
W 91.3488333<br />
N 31.5506389<br />
W 91.3558056<br />
N 31.54559<br />
W 91.37008<br />
33<br />
13<br />
187<br />
176<br />
206<br />
291<br />
295<br />
369<br />
296<br />
306<br />
232<br />
159<br />
145<br />
135
Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.)<br />
399<br />
400<br />
401<br />
402<br />
403<br />
497<br />
498<br />
499<br />
500<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
July 16, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
October 18, 2005<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus<br />
<strong>and</strong> mile marker 1<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest between Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus<br />
<strong>and</strong> mile marker 1<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 2 <strong>and</strong> 3<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 6 <strong>and</strong> 7<br />
Lowl<strong>and</strong> broad-leaved deciduous forest at <strong>the</strong> Old Trace pull <strong>of</strong>f<br />
between mile markers 8 <strong>and</strong> 9<br />
Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile<br />
markers 8 <strong>and</strong> 9<br />
Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile<br />
markers 2 <strong>and</strong> 3<br />
Disturbed roadside between mile markers 0 <strong>and</strong> 1<br />
Disturbed roadside at <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus between mile markers 0<br />
<strong>and</strong> 1<br />
- 184 -<br />
N 31.54788<br />
W 91.36541<br />
N 31.55086<br />
W 91.35631<br />
N 31.55946<br />
W 91.32860<br />
N 31.58602<br />
W 91.28171<br />
N 31.61509<br />
W 91.25691<br />
N 31.6122778<br />
W 97.1791667<br />
N 31.55946<br />
W 91.32860<br />
N 31.55088<br />
W 91.35611<br />
N 31.54559<br />
W 91.37008<br />
144<br />
109<br />
236<br />
275<br />
370<br />
293<br />
236<br />
145<br />
135
APPENDIX B<br />
Endemic Vascular Plants <strong>of</strong> Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee<br />
- 185 -
Appendix B: Endemic Vascular Plants <strong>of</strong> Alabama, Mississippi, <strong>and</strong> Tennessee<br />
Family Taxon NATR Voucher State Reference(s)<br />
Amaranthaceae Amaranthus muricatus (Gillies ex Moq.) Gillies ex Hieron. N AL USDA iii<br />
Aristolochiaceae Hexastylis speciosa Harper N AL ANHP i , USDA<br />
Aspleniaceae Asplenium boydstoniae (Walt.) Short N AL USDA<br />
Asteraceae Coreopsis gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Hogg. ex Sweet var. inclinata J. Allison N AL ANHP<br />
Asteraceae Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small Y TN TNHP ii , USDA<br />
Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd var. dolomiticolor J. Allison N AL ANHP<br />
Asteraceae Hymenoxys an<strong>the</strong>moides (Juss.) Cass. N AL USDA<br />
Asteraceae Liatris freemaniana J. Allison N AL USDA<br />
Asteraceae Liatris macdanieliana J. Allison N AL USDA<br />
Asteraceae Liatris oligocephala J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Asteraceae Picris pauci<strong>flora</strong> Willd. N AL USDA<br />
Asteraceae Pityopsis ruthii (Small) Small N TN TNHP, USDA<br />
Asteraceae Pluchea yucatanensis Nesom N MS USDA<br />
Asteraceae Silphium glutinosum J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Asteraceae Silphium perplexum J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Asteraceae Solidago arenicola B.R. Keener & Kral N AL ANHP<br />
Berberidaceae Berberis julianae Schneid. N AL USDA<br />
Berberidaceae Berberis sargentiana C. K. Snied. N AL USDA<br />
Boraginaceae Onosmodium decipiens J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Leavenworthia alabamica Rollins N AL USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Leavenworthia crassa Rollins N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Leavenworthia stylosa Gray N TN USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Lesquerella lyrata Rollins Y AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Lesquerella maxima (Rollins) Rollins Y TN USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Lesquerella perforata Rollins N TN TNHP, USDA<br />
Brassicaceae Lesquerella stonensis Rollins N TN TNHP, USDA<br />
Capparaceae Cleome diffusa Banks ex DC. N AL USDA<br />
- 186 -
Family Taxon NATR Voucher State Reference(s)<br />
Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. N AL USDA<br />
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cordifolia Carey ex Voight N AL USDA<br />
Cyperaceae Carex brysonii Naczi N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Cyperaceae Scleria bourgeaui Boeckl. N AL USDA<br />
Cyperaceae Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urban N AL USDA<br />
Euphorbiaceae Croton alabamensis E. A. Sm. ex Chapman var. alabamensis N AL ANHP<br />
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion puberum (L.) Hutch. N AL USDA<br />
Fabaceae Astragalus bibullatus Barneby & Bridges N TN TNHP, USDA<br />
Fabaceae Dalea cahaba J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Fabaceae Indig<strong>of</strong>era kirilowii Maxim. ex Palibin N TN USDA<br />
Fabaceae Indig<strong>of</strong>era parvi<strong>flora</strong> K. Heyne ex Wight & Arn. N AL USDA<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium michelianum Savi N MS USDA<br />
Fagaceae Quercus boyntonii Beadle N AL USDA<br />
Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus gattingeri Hu N TN USDA<br />
Isoetaceae Isoetes tennesseensis Luebke <strong>and</strong> Budke N TN TNHP<br />
Lamiaceae Blephilia subnuda R. Simmers & Kral N AL USDA<br />
Lamiaceae Scutellaria alabamensis Alex<strong>and</strong>er N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Liliaceae Lilium regale E.H. Wilson N AL USDA<br />
Loganiaceae Spigelia gentianoides Chapman ex A. DC. var. alabamensis K. Gould N AL ANHP<br />
Lythraceae Lythrum thymifolia L. N AL USDA<br />
Poaceae Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth N AL USDA<br />
Poaceae Paspalum quadrifarium Lam. N MS USDA<br />
Poaceae Sasa palmata (hort. ex Burb.) E.G. Camas N TN USDA<br />
Poaceae Spartina maritima (M.A. Curtis) Fern. N MS USDA<br />
Polemoniaceae Phlox pulchra Wherry N AL USDA<br />
Polemoniaceae Phlox rugelii Br<strong>and</strong> (pro sp.) N TN USDA<br />
Primulaceae Lysimachia graminea (Greene) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. N AL USDA<br />
Ranunculaceae Clematis morefieldii Kral N AL USDA<br />
Ranunculaceae Delphinium alabamicum Kral Y AL ANHP<br />
- 187 -
Family Taxon NATR Voucher State Reference(s)<br />
Rosaceae Crataegus alma Beadle N MS USDA<br />
Rosaceae Crataegus annosa Beadle N AL USDA<br />
Rosaceae Crataegus helvina Ashe N TN USDA<br />
Rosaceae Crataegus mendosa Beadle N AL USDA<br />
Rosaceae Crataegus ravida Ashe N TN USDA<br />
Rosaceae Rosa obtusiuscula Rydb. N TN USDA<br />
Rosaceae Spiraea hypericifolia L. N MS USDA<br />
Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia rubra Walt. ssp. alabamensis (F.W. & R.B. Case) Schnell N AL ANHP<br />
Scrophulariaceae Castilleja kraliana J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA<br />
Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris pilosa (Mart. & Gal.) Crawford N AL USDA<br />
Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris pilosa (Mart. & Gal.) Crawford var. alabamensis Crawford N AL ANHP<br />
Verbenaceae Gl<strong>and</strong>ularia tenera (Spreng.) Cabrera N AL USDA<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena supina L. N AL USDA<br />
i ANHP 2006. Alabama <strong>Inventory</strong> List: <strong>the</strong> Rare, Threatened <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plants <strong>and</strong> Animals <strong>of</strong> Alabama. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Montgomery, Alabama.<br />
ii TNHP 2004. Rare Plant List. Tennessee Natural Heritage Program. Division <strong>of</strong> Natural Heritage, Tennessee Department <strong>of</strong> Environment <strong>and</strong> Conservation. Nashville, Tennessee.<br />
iii USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70879-4490 USA.<br />
- 188 -
APPENDIX C<br />
Locations <strong>of</strong> Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
- 189 -
Appendix C – Locations <strong>of</strong> Rare, Threatened, <strong>and</strong> Endangered Plant Taxa on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
This detailed results <strong>and</strong> discussion section concerning rare, threatened, <strong>and</strong> endangered plant taxa, is<br />
placed in this appendix to provide a “st<strong>and</strong> alone” document which is not intended to be publically accessible. A<br />
general discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se taxa is provided in section 3.3.7 in <strong>the</strong> main body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> report <strong>and</strong> does not reveal<br />
any identifiable locations where historical or extant plants or populations may exist. The results provided in this<br />
appendix are a compilation <strong>of</strong> two previously stated reports; Rosso <strong>and</strong> Reed 1996 <strong>and</strong> TNC 1995. In addition, a<br />
report <strong>of</strong> two potentialy new populations <strong>of</strong> A. priceana B. L. Robbins, are discussed.<br />
New Taxon Locations <strong>and</strong> Populations:<br />
Apios priceana B. L. Robbins, Price’s potato-bean - In August 2004, populations <strong>of</strong> plants were<br />
encountered at two separate sites in Tennessee which appeared similar to a photo <strong>of</strong> A. priceana. Without<br />
having any available characters to determine if this plant was indeed A. priceana, <strong>the</strong> endangered taxon, or A.<br />
americana, it was decided to document <strong>the</strong> occurence <strong>and</strong> location with digital photo voucher <strong>and</strong> recheck<br />
measurements on <strong>the</strong> July 2005 collection trip. However, on two subsequent trips in July <strong>and</strong> October 2005,<br />
each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two locations was rechecked for <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plants. On both occasions, no plants were<br />
observed at ei<strong>the</strong>r location. Therefore measurements could not be taken to determine which Apios sp. was<br />
actually present. As discussed in Section 3.3.1, <strong>the</strong> regular mowing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roadsides <strong>and</strong> adjacent prairies<br />
undoubtedly had an impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>flora</strong> from season to season. The failure to relocate<br />
A. priceana at <strong>the</strong>se sites is believed to be <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> this maintenance.<br />
As stated previously, <strong>the</strong> original observations were made on 20 August 2004, when most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roadsides<br />
<strong>and</strong> prairies were in an unmown condition. At that time two locations were found, each consisting <strong>of</strong> what would<br />
appear to be multiple individuals <strong>of</strong> A. priceana. The first site was on <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intersection <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> NATR <strong>and</strong> Tennessee Highway 64 between mile markers 370 <strong>and</strong> 371 (TAES Site #18 - N 35.3219167, W<br />
87.5799444). At this site, plants were observed growing on <strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> a small isolated grove <strong>of</strong> trees near<br />
<strong>the</strong> roadway. Individual plants were observed growing on <strong>the</strong> shaded edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trees <strong>and</strong> a few individuals had<br />
extended into <strong>the</strong> adjacent prairie supported by <strong>the</strong> dense grass cover <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r herbaceous vegetation. All<br />
plants appeared to be healthy <strong>and</strong> many were flowering at that time. On <strong>the</strong> same day a second site was located<br />
on <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NATR in a wet meadow just before <strong>the</strong> Alabama state line between mile markers 342 <strong>and</strong><br />
343 (TAES Site # 21 - N 35.0180556, W 87.8231944). At this site individuals were again found growing along <strong>the</strong><br />
shaded edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree line at <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meadow. Although fewer in number all plants again appeared<br />
to be healthy <strong>and</strong> flowering. Additional observations at this site revealed multiple individuals which exhibited<br />
- 190 -
some degree <strong>of</strong> color variation in <strong>the</strong> flowers. This color difference could indicate multiple taxa or just a natural<br />
range <strong>of</strong> variation within a single taxon. On subsequent trips, both sites had been mowed up to, <strong>and</strong> in some<br />
cases beyond, <strong>the</strong> tree line <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re was no evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previously documented populations.<br />
Previously Documented Taxa <strong>and</strong> Populations<br />
In <strong>the</strong> table that follows, known locations <strong>of</strong> extant plants or populations are listed alphabeticaly by taxon,<br />
<strong>and</strong> include <strong>the</strong> latest documented observation date <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> such data. Locations verified in reports by<br />
TNC 1995 <strong>and</strong> Rosso <strong>and</strong> Reed 1996 are in bold text.<br />
- 191 -
Taxon State Location Last Verified Reference<br />
Amelanchier arborea AL Site 2A/16 5/12/1995 TNC 1995 i<br />
Apios priceana * TN TAES Site # 21 (N 35.0180556, W 87.8231944) - wet meadow just before <strong>the</strong><br />
Alabama state line between mile markers 343 <strong>and</strong> 342<br />
8/20/2004 Hatch <strong>and</strong> Kruse 2007 iii<br />
Apios priceana * TN TAES Site # 18 (N 35.3219167, W 87.5799444) - NE corner <strong>of</strong> intersection at<br />
NATR <strong>and</strong> Highway 64, between mile markers 370 <strong>and</strong> 371<br />
8/20/2004 Hatch <strong>and</strong> Kruse 2007<br />
Arabis georgiana AL 6.2 miles S <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> AL 20 <strong>and</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway. On bank <strong>of</strong><br />
Colbert Creek at Rock Spring pull<strong>of</strong>f.<br />
3/28/1975 TNC 1995<br />
Arenaria fontinalis TN Swan Creek, where <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway crosses U.S. 412 (TN 99) on<br />
N side <strong>of</strong> creek <strong>and</strong> E side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>parkway</strong>. Seep at base <strong>of</strong> limestone bluff.<br />
3/29/1993 TNC 1995<br />
Asarum c<strong>and</strong>adense MS Witch Dance site 7/26/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Aster ericoides MS Chickasaw Village Site, in portion <strong>of</strong> prairie reseeded to fescue <strong>and</strong> in cedar<br />
woodl<strong>and</strong>.<br />
10/15/1991 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens TN Site #1E/5c, 5 vegetative plants 6/23/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens TN Buffalo River Floodplain, East Nor<strong>the</strong>ast side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river. 5-10 vegetative<br />
plants.<br />
6/8/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens TN S<strong>and</strong>y silt <strong>of</strong> low woods at Metal Ford. 6/22/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens TN Little Buffalo River Registered State Natural Area. In floodplain, hundreds <strong>of</strong><br />
basal rosettes <strong>and</strong> dried inflorescences scattered over several acres.<br />
5/18/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens TN Edge <strong>of</strong> woods, below Natchez Trace Parkway bridge over Buffalo River. Both<br />
sides <strong>of</strong> bridge.<br />
5/18/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Cacalia suaveolens MS Cave Spring pull<strong>of</strong>f, growing in limestone sink <strong>and</strong> cave area under light<br />
shade <strong>of</strong> hardwoods <strong>and</strong> rock ledges.<br />
5/27/1986 TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/8 4/13/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata MS Site #a/16 4/13/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/19 4/13/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/26 at Bear Creek 4/14/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3a/33 at Bear Creek Mounds 4/14/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Dennstaedtia punctilobula AL Site 2C/24a at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Dennstaedtia punctilobula AL Site 2A/25 adjacent to Lindsay Creek 5/12/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Drosera brevifolia TN Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National Monument, 100 yards S <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice. 5/20/1945 TNC 1995<br />
- 192 -
Taxon State Location Last Verified Reference<br />
Gentiana saponaria AL Site 2D/14 5/4/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Hydrastis canadensis TN Sweetwater Branch Registered State Natural Area. Along nature trail through<br />
stream terrace SE <strong>of</strong> McGee Cemetary<br />
4/11/1984 TNC 1995<br />
Isopyrum biternatum AL Site 2C/24B, at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Juglans cinerea TN Little Buffalo River Registered State Narural Area. 5 trees, 4 live <strong>and</strong> 1 snag<br />
seen along <strong>the</strong> N side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river.<br />
5/18/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Juglans cinerea TN Little Swan Creek at <strong>the</strong> Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis picnic area. 5 trees within 100<br />
meters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picnic area S <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> creek <strong>and</strong> upstream <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picnic area<br />
8/3/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Juglans cinerea TN Follow TN 96 E from <strong>the</strong> <strong>parkway</strong> to Egypt Hollow Road. Immediately past <strong>the</strong><br />
FHWA trailer on <strong>the</strong> left, <strong>the</strong>re is a hollow on <strong>the</strong> left side <strong>of</strong> Egypt Hollow<br />
Road. 1 tree is located less than 50 meters from Egypt Hollow Road to <strong>the</strong> N<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> small stream that runs through <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hollow.<br />
8/4/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Juncus brachycephalus TN Natchez Trace Parkway, edge <strong>of</strong> Little Swan Creek 50 meters upstream <strong>of</strong><br />
bridge<br />
4/1/1984 TNC 1995<br />
Lilium michiganense TN Sweetwater Branch Registered State Natural Area. Along nature trail through<br />
stream terrace SE <strong>of</strong> McGee Cemetary<br />
4/11/1984 TNC 1995<br />
Lilium michiganense TN Along Little Swan Creek, N <strong>of</strong> Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National Monument, on<br />
Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
7/4/1970 TNC 1995<br />
Lilium michiganense TN Below Natchez Trace Parkway bridge over Buffalo River, N side <strong>of</strong> river, E<br />
side <strong>of</strong> bridge.<br />
6/18/1997 TNC 1995<br />
Lilium michiganense TN Site #1E/16 at approximately mile marker 389.7 on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway. 3 plants seen on E side <strong>of</strong> stream in streamside bottom near <strong>the</strong><br />
mouth <strong>of</strong> adjacent hollow.<br />
6/29/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Lonicera flava TN Metal Ford Registered State Natural Area, on edges <strong>and</strong> exposed faces <strong>of</strong><br />
small rock bluffs opposite parking area.<br />
5/14/1984 TNC 1995<br />
Marshallia trinervia TN Site #1G/18B at pull<strong>of</strong>f for Jack’s Branch. 3 plants seen approximately 3<br />
meters S <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nature trail immediately after it crosses Jack’s Branch <strong>the</strong><br />
second time<br />
6/9/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Marshallia trinervia TN Site #1E/5B at bridge over Little Swan Creek. At least 20 plants scattered<br />
along <strong>the</strong> bank <strong>of</strong> Little Swan Creek within 100 meters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridge both<br />
upstream <strong>and</strong> downstream<br />
8/31/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Marshallia trinervia TN Little Swan Creek Registered State Natural Area at Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National<br />
Monument, low wet woods near stream.<br />
6/23/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Marshallia trinervia TN 1 mile N <strong>of</strong> Buffalo River, ca. 150 yards upstream from Durham Branch<br />
parking pull<strong>of</strong>f.<br />
6/17/1987 TNC 1995<br />
Menispermum canadense MS Site 3E/16b 7/28/1995 TNC 1995<br />
- 193 -
Taxon State Location Last Verified Reference<br />
Mikania cordifolia MS Sou<strong>the</strong>rn terminus 1996 Rosso <strong>and</strong> Reed 1996 ii<br />
Osmorhiza longistylis MS Witch Dance site 7/26/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra procumbens AL Site 2A/10a at Rock Springs pull<strong>of</strong>f 5/17/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Panax quinquefolius MS Site # 1F/13A on S side <strong>of</strong> access road to <strong>the</strong> parking lot at Metal Ford. 1<br />
plant seen on hillside slope that drains into mucky bottom.<br />
6/9/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Panax quinquefolius MS Site # 1B/8 at approximately mile marker 422.6 on <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway. 1 plant seen on <strong>the</strong> W facing slope <strong>of</strong> a small free flowing stream<br />
valley.<br />
7/18/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Parnassia gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia TN Lewis County, very few plants 6/23/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Parnassia gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia TN Natchez Trace Parkway, edge <strong>of</strong> Little Swan Creek 50 meters upstream <strong>of</strong><br />
bridge.<br />
5/18/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lucida TN Little Swan Creek at Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National Monument, along border <strong>of</strong><br />
stream<br />
5/26/1945 TNC 1995<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s ovalis TN Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis National Monument. N <strong>of</strong> Hwy. 20 at Natchez Trace<br />
Parkway, “at entrance area”<br />
8/5/1945 TNC 1995<br />
Swertia caroliniensis MS Site 3B/8b 3/28/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trichomanes boschianum MS Cave Spring pull<strong>of</strong>f, growing on ceiling <strong>of</strong> Mingo Cave just inside <strong>of</strong> entrance<br />
in dim light<br />
5/10/2006 Hatch <strong>and</strong> Kruse 2007<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2D/8a 5/5/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2D/20 5/4/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2C/24a at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2C/24c at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2A/10a at Rock Spring pull<strong>of</strong>f 5/11/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Trilium sessile AL Site 2A/10c at Rock Spring pull<strong>of</strong>f 5/12/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Uvularia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> AL Site 2D/8a 5/5/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Uvularia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> AL Site 2D/20 8/10/1995 TNC 1995<br />
Xyris tennesseensis TN Edge <strong>of</strong> Little Swan Creek, just upstream from bridge over <strong>parkway</strong>, ca. 50<br />
meters <strong>of</strong> bridge. 1992: Somers “Along <strong>the</strong> N bank between <strong>the</strong> bridge <strong>and</strong> a<br />
large cedar ca. 200 feet downstream”.<br />
- 194 -<br />
8/3/1995 TNC 1995<br />
i The Nature Conservancy Tennessee Chapter (TNC). 1995. A General Biological Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway: Appendix I. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi.<br />
ii Rosso, S.W. <strong>and</strong> D. Reed. 1996. Natchez Trace Parkway Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Terminus Terrestrial Plant Baseline Survey Selected Taxa. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Interior.<br />
iii Hatch, S. L. <strong>and</strong> D. A. Kruse. 2007. The Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U. S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Interior
APPENDIX D<br />
Alphabetical List (by Genus) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vascular Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natchez Trace Parkway<br />
- 195 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Abelia X gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> (Rovelli ex André) Rehd. 1 [chinensis x uni<strong>flora</strong>]<br />
I, P<br />
Abutilon <strong>the</strong>ophrasti Medik. 1 velvetleaf I, A, W, IN<br />
Acalypha gracilens Gray slender threeseed mercury N, A Phillips 548 AL<br />
Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell 2 pinel<strong>and</strong> threeseed mercury N, A, W<br />
Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. 1 common threeseed mercury N, A<br />
Acalypha virginica L. 1 Virginia threeseed mercury N, A, W<br />
Acer barbatum Michx. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn sugar maple N, P<br />
Acer negundo L. box elder N, P Phillips 344 TN<br />
Acer nigrum Michx. f. black maple N, P Phillips 1243 TN<br />
Acer platanoides L. Norway maple I, P, W, IN Hatch 9897 MS<br />
Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. 2 Drummond's maple N, P<br />
Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum sugar maple N, P Phillips 533 AL<br />
Achillea millefolium L. yarrow N/I, P, W Hatch 9224 MS<br />
Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen var. repens (Walt.) R.K. Jansen oppositeleaf spotflower N, P Hatch 10072 MS<br />
Aconitum uncinatum L. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn mock monkshood N, P<br />
Acorus calamus L. 2 calamus N, P<br />
Actaea pachypoda Ell. 1 white baneberry N, P<br />
Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa1 black bugbane N, P<br />
Actaea rubifolia (Kearny) Kartesz2 Appalachian bugbane N, P<br />
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2 common maidenhair N, P<br />
Adiantum pedatum L. nor<strong>the</strong>rn maidenhair N, P Kruse 910 TN<br />
Adonis annua L. 2 blooddrops I, A<br />
Aegilops cylindrica Host 2 jointed goatgrass I, A, W, IN<br />
- 196 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Aesculus flava Ait.<br />
yellow buckeye<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9469 MS<br />
Aesculus glabra Willd. 2 Ohio buckeye N, P<br />
Aesculus pavia L. red buckeye N, P Hatch 8794 MS<br />
Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. beach false foxglove N, A Hatch 10004 MS<br />
Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small1 roundstem false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. 1 prairie false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. 1 tenlobe false foxglove N, A<br />
Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell purple false foxglove N, A Hatch 9926 MS<br />
Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. tenuifolia1 slenderleaf false foxglove N, A<br />
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze2 yellow giant hyssop N, P<br />
Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima white snakeroot N, P Phillips 373 TN<br />
Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica 1 lesser snakeroot N, P<br />
Agrimonia parvi<strong>flora</strong> Ait. 1 harvestlice N, P<br />
Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. groovebur N, P Phillips 687 MS<br />
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. woodl<strong>and</strong> groovebur N, P Phillips 489 TN<br />
Agrimonia striata Michx. 1 roadside agrimony N, P<br />
Agrostemma githago L. 1 common corncockle I, A, W<br />
Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes 2 Elliott's bentgrass N, A<br />
Agrostis gigantea Roth 2 redtop I, P<br />
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter bentgrass N, P Hatch 9129 MS<br />
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman autumn bentgrass N, P Phillips 383 TN<br />
Agrostis scabra Willd. 2 rough bentgrass N, P<br />
Agrostis stolonifera L. creeping bentgrass N, P Kruse 1473 TN<br />
Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree <strong>of</strong> heaven I, P<br />
- 197 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Aira caryophyllea L.<br />
silver hairgrass<br />
I, A<br />
Hatch 9191 MS<br />
Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth annual silver hairgrass I,A Kruse 1348 TN<br />
Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa tress I, P, W, IN Phillips 491 TN<br />
Alcea rosea L. 2 hollyhock I, B/P<br />
Aletris farinosa L. 1 white colicroot N, P<br />
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Gr<strong>and</strong>e 2 garlic mustard I, A/B<br />
Allium ampeloprasum L. 1 broadleaf wild leek I, P<br />
Allium canadense L. wild onion N, P, W, IN Phillips 915 TN<br />
Allium cernuum Roth 2 nodding onion N, P<br />
Allium sativum L. cultivated garlic I, P Hatch 9214 MS<br />
Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl. 2 autumn onion N, P<br />
Allium tricoccum Ait. 2 wild leek N, P<br />
Allium vineale L. 2 wild garlic N, P<br />
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. hazel alder N, P Phillips 482 TN<br />
Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Carolina foxtail N, A Hatch 8758 MS<br />
Alternan<strong>the</strong>ra philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed I, P, W, IN Phillips 635 MS<br />
Amaranthus albus L. 2 prostrate pigweed N, A<br />
Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 2 mat amaranth I, A, W, IN<br />
Amaranthus caudatus L. 2 love-lies-bleeding I, A<br />
Amaranthus hybridus L. 1 slim amaranth N, A, W<br />
Amaranthus retr<strong>of</strong>lexus L. 2 redroot amaranth N, A, W, IN<br />
Amaranthus spinosus L. 1 spiny amaranth N, A, W<br />
Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer 2 roughfruit amaranth N, A<br />
Amaranthus viridis L. slender amaranth N, A , W Hatch 9776 MS<br />
- 198 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.<br />
common ragweed<br />
N, A, W, IN<br />
Phillips 372 TN<br />
Ambrosia bidentata Michx. 2 lanceleaf ragweed N, A<br />
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman ragweed N, A/P Hatch 10024 MS<br />
Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 536 AL<br />
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. 1 common serviceberry N, P<br />
Amelanchier laevis Wieg. 2 Allegheny serviceberry N, P<br />
Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walt.) Gray 2 flypoison N, P<br />
Ammannia coccinea Rottb. purple ammannia N, A, W Phillips 598 MS<br />
Ammoselinum butleri(Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2 Butler's s<strong>and</strong>parsley N, A<br />
Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray 2 plains s<strong>and</strong>parsley N, A<br />
Amorpha fruticosa L. desert false indigo N, P Hatch 9740 MS<br />
Amorpha glabra Desf. ex Poir. 2 mountain false indigo N, P<br />
Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne peppervine N, P, W Phillips 588 MS<br />
Ampelopsis cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf peppervine N, P<br />
Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. 2 prairie broomweed N, A, W<br />
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 1 American hogpeanut N, A/P<br />
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. gattingeri Woods. 2 eastern bluestar N, P<br />
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. tabernaemontana 1 eastern bluestar N, P<br />
Anagallis arvensis L. 1 scarlet pimpernel I, A/B<br />
Anagallis minima (L.) Krause2 chaffweed N, A<br />
Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem N, P, W Phillips 624 MS<br />
Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy bluestem N, P Hatch 9823 MS<br />
Andropogon gyrans Ashe Elliot's bluestem N, P Hatch 9910 MS<br />
Andropogon ternarius Michx. 1 splitbeard bluestem N, P<br />
- 199 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Andropogon virginicus L.<br />
broomsedge bluestem<br />
N, P, W, IN<br />
Hatch 9937 MS<br />
Anemone caroliniana Walt. 2 Carolina anemone N, P<br />
Anemone quinquefolia L. 1 wood anemone N, P<br />
Anemone virginiana L. 1 tall thimbleweed N, P<br />
Angelica atropurpurea L. 1 purplestem angelica N, P<br />
Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. hairy angelica N, P Phillips 1158 TN<br />
Antennaria parlinii Fern.subsp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins1 Parlin's pussytoes N, P<br />
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. woman's tobacco N, P Phillips 818 TN<br />
Antennaria solitaria Rydb. 1 singlehead pussytoes N, P<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis arvensis L. 2 corn chamomile I, A<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis cotula L. 1 stinking chamomile I, A, W, IN<br />
Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. annual vernalgrass I, A Hatch 9335 MS<br />
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1 sweet vernalgrass N/I, P<br />
Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. 2 burr chervil I, A<br />
Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm. 2 slender parsley piert I, A<br />
Apios americana Medik. 1 groundnut N, P<br />
Apios priceana B.L. Robbins Price's potato-bean N, P, T (F),<br />
Phillips 490 TN<br />
E (AL, MS, TN) Photograph<br />
Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp N, P, W, IN Hatch 9459 MS<br />
Aquilegia canadensis L. 2 red columbine N, P<br />
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1 mouseear cress I, A<br />
Arabis canadensis L. 2 sicklepod N, B<br />
Arabis georgiana Harper 2 Georgia rockcress N, B<br />
Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 2 tower rockcress N, A/B/P<br />
- 200 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins 2<br />
creamflower rockcress<br />
N, A/B/P<br />
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. var. laevigata 2 smooth rockcress N, B<br />
Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun 2 Nevada rockcress N, P<br />
Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason 2 Short's rockcress N, B/P<br />
Aralia racemosa L. 1 American spikenard N, P<br />
Aralia spinosa L. devil's walkingstick N, P Hatch 10054 MS<br />
Arctium minus Bernh. 1 lesser burdock I, B, W, IN<br />
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. spreading s<strong>and</strong>wort N, P Phillips334 TN<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf s<strong>and</strong>wort I, A Hatch 8809 MS<br />
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott. green dragon N, P Phillips 737 MS<br />
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttleston2 Jack-in-<strong>the</strong>-pulpit N, P<br />
Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma churchmouse threeawn N, A Hatch 9907a MS<br />
Aristida longispica Poir. var. longispica slimspike threeawn N, A Hatch 9914 MS<br />
Aristida oligantha Michx. prairie threeawn N, A, W Hatch 9935 MS<br />
Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. tenuispica (A.S. Hitchc.) Allred arrowfea<strong>the</strong>r threeawn N, P Hatch 9907 MS<br />
Aristida ramosissima Engelm. ex Gray 2 s-curve threeawn N, A<br />
Aristolochia serpentaria L. 2 Virginia snakeroot N, P<br />
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 2 woolly dutchman's pipe N, P<br />
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins. 1 pale Indian plantain N, P<br />
Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H.E. Robins. 1 ovateleaf cacalia N, P<br />
Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. 2 groovestem Indian plantain N, P<br />
Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins. 2 great Indian plantain N, P<br />
Arrhena<strong>the</strong>rum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl var. elatius 2 tall oatgrass I, P<br />
Artemisia annua L. 1 sweet sagewort I, A<br />
- 201 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Artemisia vulgaris L. 2<br />
common wormwood<br />
N/I, P<br />
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass I, A Hatch 9819 MS<br />
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern. 1 bride's fea<strong>the</strong>rs N, P<br />
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara1 bride's fea<strong>the</strong>rs I, P<br />
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. gigantean 2 giant cane N, P<br />
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. tecta (Walt.) McClure 2 giant cane N, P<br />
Arundo donax L. 1 giant reed I, P, W, IN<br />
Asarum canadense L. Canadian wild ginger N, P Phillips 735 MS<br />
Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. 1 clasping milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods. 2 green milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. incarnate 2 swamp milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias perennis Walt. 1 aquatic milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed N, P Phillips 309 TN<br />
Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1 fourleaf milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias syriaca L. broadleaf milkweed N, P, W Phillips 399 TN<br />
Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed N, P Phillips 433 TN<br />
Asclepias variegata L. white milkweed N, P Phillips 506<br />
Asclepias verticillata L. 1 whorled milkweed N, P, W<br />
Asclepias viridi<strong>flora</strong> Raf. 1 green comet milkweed N, P<br />
Asclepias viridis Walt. green antelopehorn N, P Hatch 9233 MS<br />
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw N, P Phillips 360 TN<br />
Asparagus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2 garden asparagus I, P<br />
Asplenium montanum Willd. 2 mountain spleenwort N, P<br />
Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. 2 lobed spleenwort N, P<br />
- 202 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P.<br />
ebony spleenwort<br />
N, P<br />
Kruse 973 AL<br />
Asplenium resiliens Kunze blackstem spleenwort N, P Kruse 1156 AL<br />
Asplenium rhizophyllum L. walking fern N, P Kruse 1477 TN<br />
Asplenium ruta-muraria L. 2 wallrue N, P<br />
Asplenium trichomanes L. 2 maidenhair spleenwort N, P<br />
Astragalus canadensis L. 2 Canadian milkvetch N, P<br />
Astragalus tennesseensis Gray ex Chapman 2 Tennessee milkvetch N, P<br />
Astragalus villosus Michx. bearded milkvetch N, A Hatch 9660 MS<br />
Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. 2 entireleaf western daisy N, A<br />
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens subsp. asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén asplenium ladyfern N, P Kruse 1492 TN<br />
Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. macrantha Pennell1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell2 spreading yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell1 combleaf yellow false foxglove N, A<br />
Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. pedicularia1 fernleaf yellow false foxglove N, A<br />
Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell1 downy yellow false foxglove N, P<br />
Avena sativa L. common oats I, A, W Hatch 9434 MS<br />
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. broadleaf carpetgrass N, P Phillips 538a AL<br />
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kunth. common carpetgrass N, P Hatch 9634 MS<br />
Azolla caroliniana Willd. 2 Carolina mosquit<strong>of</strong>ern N, A<br />
Baccharis halimifolia L. eastern baccharis N, P Phillips 727 MS<br />
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. 2 disk waterhyssop N, P, W<br />
Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely largeleaf wild indigo N, P Hatch 9322 MS<br />
Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. var. minor (Lehm.) Fern. blue wild indigo N, P Hatch 10030 MS<br />
- 203 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. 1<br />
horseflyweed<br />
N, P<br />
Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers. 1 early yellowrocket I, B/P<br />
Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. 2 garden yellowrocket I, B, W, IN<br />
Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. twining screwstem N, A/B<br />
Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. 2 yellow screwstem N, A<br />
Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott 2 burningbush I, A<br />
Belamc<strong>and</strong>a chinensis (L.) DC. 1 blackberry lily I, P<br />
Bellis perennis L. 1 lawndaisy I, P, W<br />
Berchemia sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Hill) K. Koch Alabama supplejack N, P Phillips 643 MS<br />
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 2 hoary alyssum I, A/B/P<br />
Betula nigra L. river birch N, P Phillips 569 MS<br />
Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. bearded beggarticks N, A, W, IN Phillips 430 TN<br />
Bidens bipinnata L. 1 Spanish needles N, A, W<br />
Bidens cernua L. nodding beggartick N,A Hatch 10007 MS<br />
Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. purple stem beggartick N, A Hatch 9849 MS<br />
Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. crowned beggartick N, A Phillips 423 TN<br />
Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt. 2 small beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens frondosa L. 2 devil's beggartick N, A, W<br />
Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. smooth beggartick N, A/P Phillips 1129 TN<br />
Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff smallfruit beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens tripartita L. 2 threelobe beggarticks N, A<br />
Bidens vulgata Greene 2 big devils beggartick N, A<br />
Bignonia capreolata L. crossvine N, P Phillips 845 TN<br />
Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. 1 downy pagoda-plant N, P<br />
- 204 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. 2<br />
hairy pagoda-plant<br />
N, P<br />
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle N, P Phillips 532 AL<br />
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Kunze Chinese grass I, P Hatch 9767 MS<br />
Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. white doll's daisy N, P Hatch 1227 MS<br />
Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc. smallhead doll's daisy N, P Phillips 662 MS<br />
Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould 2 silver beardgrass N, P<br />
Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus pitted beardgrass I, P Hatch 9971 MS<br />
Botrychium biternatum (Sav.) L. Underwood var. asplenoides (Michx.) Farwell sparselobe grapefern N, P Kruse 936 TN<br />
Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 2 cutleaf grapefern N, P<br />
Botyrichum virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern N, P Kruse 1383 MS<br />
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. 2 sideoats grama N, P<br />
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. bearded shorthusk N, P Phillips 364 TN<br />
Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. watershield N, P Phillips 565 MS<br />
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. India mustard I, A/P Phillips 808 TN<br />
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch black mustard I, A Hatch 8792 MS<br />
Brassica rapa L. 2 field mustard I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. eupatorioides 2 false boneset N, P<br />
Briza minor L. little quakinggrass I, P Kruse 1371 MS<br />
Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grass I, A, W Phillips 522 AL<br />
Bromus ciliatus L. fringed brome N, P Hatch 9807 MS<br />
Bromus inermis Leyss. 2 smooth brome N/I, P, W, IN<br />
Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. Japanese brome I, A, W Hatch 8779 MS<br />
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. hairy woodl<strong>and</strong> brome N, P Hatch 9471 MS<br />
Bromus racemosus L. bald brome N, A Hatch 9094b MS<br />
- 205 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Bromus secalinus L.<br />
ryebrome<br />
I, A, W<br />
Hatch 9074 MS<br />
Bromus sterilis L. barren brome I, A Kruse 1323 TN<br />
Bromus tectorum L. 2 cheatgrass I, A, W, IN<br />
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér ex Vent2 paper mulberry I, P, W, IN<br />
Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners American buckwheat vine N, P, W Phillips 592 MS<br />
Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts N, P Phillips 663 MS<br />
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell I, A, W, IN Phillips 827 TN<br />
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke 2 densetuft hairsedge N, A/P<br />
Bupleurum rotundifolium L. 2 hare's ear I, A<br />
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi2 lesser calamint I, P<br />
Callicarpa americana L. American beautyberry N, P Phillips 540b AL<br />
Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray2 light poppymallow N, P<br />
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh twoheaded water-starwort N, P Kruse 969 AL<br />
Callitriche terrestris Raf. terrestrial water-starwort N, A Hatch 8761 MS<br />
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. 2 tuberous grasspink N, P<br />
Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus eastern sweet shrub N, P Hatch 9052 MS<br />
Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) Gray1 cupseed N, P<br />
Calyptocarpus vialis Less. straggler daisy I, P Hatch 9957 MS<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt 2 hedge false bindweed N, P<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. angulata Brummitt 1 hedge false bindweed N, P<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium 2 hedge false bindweed I, P, W<br />
Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh 2 low false bindweed N, P<br />
Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory 1 Atlantic camas N, P<br />
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 2 littlepod false flax I, A/B, W<br />
- 206 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Campanula rapunculoides L. 2<br />
rampion bellflower<br />
I, P<br />
Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small American bellflower N, A Phillips 1138 TN<br />
Campsis radicans (L.) Seems ex Bureau trumpet vine N, P, W Phillips 461 TN<br />
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. shepard's purse I, A, W, IN Phillips 786 MS<br />
Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz 1 slender toothwort N, P<br />
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl) B.S.P. bulb bittercress N, P Phillips 780 MS<br />
Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. cutleaf toothwort N, P Phillips 751 TN<br />
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Woods. 2 crinkleroot N, P<br />
Cardamine dissecta (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz 2 forkleaf toothwort N, P<br />
Cardamine douglassii Britt. 2 limestone bittercress N, P<br />
Cardamine hirsuta L. 2 hairy bittercress I, A<br />
Cardamine parvi<strong>flora</strong> L. var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz1 s<strong>and</strong> bittercress N, A<br />
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Pennsylvania bittercress N, A Phillips 739 TN<br />
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 2 love in a puff N, A/B/P, W, IN<br />
Carduus nutans L. nodding plumeless thistle I, B/P, W, IN Phillips 1142 TN<br />
Carex abscondita Mackenzie 2 thicket sedge N, P<br />
Carex aestivalis M.A. Curtis ex Gray 2 summer sedge N, P<br />
Carex aggregata Mackenzie 2 glomerate sedge N, P<br />
Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans 2 whitetinge sedge N, P<br />
Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) J. Rettig 2 Emmons' sedge N, P<br />
Carex albolutescens Schwein. 2 greenwhite sedge N, P<br />
Carex albursina Sheldon white bear sedge N, P Kruse 1308 TN<br />
Carex amphibola Steud. eastern narrowleaf sedge N, P Kruse 1294 TN<br />
Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. 1 yellowfruit sedge N, P<br />
- 207 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. atlantica<br />
prickly bog sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Kruse 1394 MS<br />
Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek. prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1349 TN<br />
Carex aureolensis Steud. N, P Kruse 914 TN<br />
Carex baileyi Britt. 2 Bailey's sedge N, P<br />
Carex basiantha Steud. Willdenow's sedge N, P Hatch 9641 MS<br />
Carex bl<strong>and</strong>a Dewey 2 eastern woodl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P, W<br />
Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. subsp. bromoides bromelike sedge N, P Kruse 1320 TN<br />
Carex bushii Mackenzie 2 Bush's sedge N, P<br />
Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey 2 Carey's sedge N, P<br />
Carex caroliniana Schwein. 2 Carolina sedge N, P<br />
Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. oval leaf sedge N, P Hatch 9075 MS<br />
Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cherokee sedge N, P, W Hatch 9272 MS<br />
Carex communis Bailey2 fibrousroot sedge N, P<br />
Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. hirsute sedge N, P Hatch 9444 MS<br />
Carex conjuncta Boott 2 s<strong>of</strong>t fox sedge N, P<br />
Carex crawei Dewey 2 Crawe's sedge N, P<br />
Carex crebri<strong>flora</strong> Wieg. 2 coastal plain sedge N, P<br />
Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fern. fringed sedge N, P Kruse 945 TN<br />
Carex cristatella Britt. 2 crested sedge N, P<br />
Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze ravenfoot sedge N, P Kruse 1380 MS<br />
Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. 2 Davis' sedge N, P<br />
Carex debilis Michx. white-edge sedge N, P Kruse 1341 TN<br />
Carex digitalis Willd. slender woodl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P Kruse 1338 TN<br />
Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. fescue sedge N, P Phillips 1118 MS<br />
- 208 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex fissa Mackenzie var. aristata J.F. Herm.<br />
hammock sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9391 MS<br />
Carex flaccosperma Dewey 1 thinfruit sedge N, P<br />
Carex frankii Kunth Frank's sedge N, P Phillips 303 TN<br />
Carex gracillima Schwein. 2 graceful sedge N, P<br />
Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. limestone meadow sedge N, P Kruse 1326 TN<br />
Carex grayi Carey 2 Gray's sedge N, P<br />
Carex grisea Wahlenb. 2 inflated narrow-leaf sedge N, P<br />
Carex hirsutella Mackenzie 1 fuzzy wuzzy sedge N, P<br />
Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie 2 pubescent sedge N, P<br />
Carex hyalinolepis Steud. shoreline sedge N, P Hatch 9403 MS<br />
Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. 2 bottlebrush sedge N, P<br />
Carex intumescens Rudge 2 greater bladder sedge N, P<br />
Carex jamesii Schwein. 2 James' sedge N, P<br />
Carex joorii Bailey cypress swamp sedge N, P Kruse 1029 MS<br />
Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie 2 sedge N, P<br />
Carex laxiculmis Schwein. 2 spreading sedge N, P<br />
Carex laxi<strong>flora</strong> Lam. broad looseflower sedge N, P Kruse 1300 TN<br />
Carex leavenworthii Dewey 2 Leavenworth's sedge N, P<br />
Carex leptalea Wahlenb. bristlystalked sedge N, P Kruse 1340a TN<br />
Carex longii Mackenzie Long's sedge N, P Hatch 9080 MS<br />
Carex louisianica Bailey Louisiana sedge N, P Kruse 1021 MS<br />
Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. hop sedge N, P Kruse 946 TN<br />
Carex lurida Wahlenb. shallow sedge N, P Kruse 1494 TN<br />
Carex mesochorea Mackenzie 2 midl<strong>and</strong> sedge N, P<br />
- 209 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright 2<br />
troublesome sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott 2 Muhlenberg's sedge N, P<br />
Carex nigromarginata Schwein. 2 blackedge sedge N, P<br />
Carex normalis Mackenzie 2 greater straw sedge N, P<br />
Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 richwoods sedge N, P<br />
Carex oxylepisTorr. & Hook. var. pubescens J.K. Underwood 2 sharpscale sedge N, P<br />
Carex pensylvanica Lam. 2 Pennsylvania sedge N, P<br />
Carex picta Steud. 2 Boott's sedge N, P<br />
Carex plantaginea Lam. 2 plantainleaf sedge N, P<br />
Carex prasina Wahlenb. 2 drooping sedge N, P<br />
Carex purpurifera Mackenzie 2 purple sedge N, P<br />
Carex reniformis (Bailey) Small 2 kidneyshape sedge N, P<br />
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. rosy sedge N, P Kruse 1319 TN<br />
Carex squarrosa L. 2 squarrose sedge N, P<br />
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. 2 owlfruit sedge N, P<br />
Carex striatula Michx. 2 lined sedge N, P<br />
Carex stricta Lam. 2 upright sedge N, P<br />
Carex styl<strong>of</strong>lexa Buckl. bent sedge N, P Kruse 1342 TN<br />
Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie 2 Swan's sedge N, P<br />
Carex tenera Dewey 2 quill sedge N, P<br />
Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey Texas sedge N, P Kruse 1331 TN<br />
Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerman twisted sedge N, P Kruse 1321 TN<br />
Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey bluntbroomsedge N, P Kruse 1498 TN<br />
Carex typhina Michx. cattail sedge N, P Kruse 1556 MS<br />
- 210 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. 2<br />
parasol sedge<br />
N, P<br />
Carex venusta Dewey 2 darkgreen sedge N, P<br />
Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. 2 ribbed sedge N, P, R(<br />
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 2 fox sedge N, P<br />
Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 Willdenow's sedge N, P<br />
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. American hornbeam N, P Phillips 646 MS<br />
Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. mockernut hickory N, P Phillips 546 AL<br />
Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. water hickory N, P Hatch 9439 MS<br />
Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn shagbark hickory N, P<br />
Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch1 bitternut hickory N, P<br />
Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet pignut hickory N, P Phillips 656 MS<br />
Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch pecan N, P Phillips 726 MS<br />
Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don shellbark hickory N, P Phillips 351 TN<br />
Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. 2 red hickory N, P<br />
Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch shagbark hickory N, P Phillips 889 TN<br />
Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 2 s<strong>and</strong> hickory N, P<br />
Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American chestnut N, P Phillips 572 MS<br />
Castanea mollissima Blume2 Chinese chestnut I, P<br />
Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. pumila1 chinkapin N, P<br />
Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. scarlet Indian paintbrush N, A Phillips 898 TN<br />
Catalpa bignonioides Walt. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn catalpa N, P<br />
Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. nor<strong>the</strong>rn catalpa N, P, W, IN Hatch 9188 MS<br />
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. 2 blue cohosh N, P<br />
Ceanothus americanus L. 1 New Jersey tea N, P<br />
- 211 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. 2<br />
Oriental bittersweet<br />
I, P, IN<br />
Celastrus sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. 2 American bittersweet N, P<br />
Celosia argentea L. 2 silver cock's comb N, A<br />
Celtis laevigata Willd. sugarberry N, P Phillips 648 MS<br />
Celtis occidentalis L. common hackberry N, P Phillips 324 TN<br />
Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1 dwarf hackberry N, P<br />
Cenchrus spinifex Cav. coastal s<strong>and</strong>bur N, A/P, W Kruse 1527 MS<br />
Centaurea cyanus L. garden cornflower I, A, W Phillips 1148 TN<br />
Centaurea diffusa Lam. 2 diffuse knapweed I, A/P<br />
Centaurea solstitialis L. 2 yellow star-thistle I, A, W, IN<br />
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. spurred butterflypea N, P Phillips 577 MS<br />
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. buttonbush N, P Phillips 443 TN<br />
Cerastium arvense L. 2 field chickweed N, P<br />
Cerastium brachypetalum Desportes ex Pers. 2 gray chickweed I, A<br />
Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2 shortstalk chickweed N, P<br />
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet 2 big chickweed I, B/P<br />
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. sticky chickweed I, A Phillips 774b AL<br />
Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans 2 nodding chickweed N, A/P<br />
Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis 2 European chickweed I, A<br />
Cerastium semidec<strong>and</strong>rum L. 1 fivestamen chickweed I, A<br />
Ceratophyllum demersum L. coon's tail N, P Phillips 694 MS<br />
Cercis canadensis L. redbud N, P Phillips 311 TN<br />
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange2 dwarf snapdragon I, A<br />
Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz. spreading chervil N, A Phillips 783 MS<br />
- 212 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook var. tainturieri 2<br />
hairyfruit chervil<br />
N, A<br />
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata sleeping plant N, A, W Phillips 465 TN<br />
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P<br />
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P<br />
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray fairyw<strong>and</strong> N, P Hatch 9350 MS<br />
Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small 2 spreading s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A<br />
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small1 hyssopleaf s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P, W<br />
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small spotted s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A, W Phillips380 TN<br />
Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small 2 eyebane N, A/P, W<br />
Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small prostrate s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P Hatch 9755 MS<br />
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small 2 matted s<strong>and</strong>mat N, A/P<br />
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates broadleaf woodoats N, P Phillips 485 TN<br />
Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates slender woodoats N, P Phillips 484 TN<br />
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates 1 longleaf woodoats N, P<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze2 Alabama lipfern N, P<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. 1 hairy lipfern N, P<br />
Cheilan<strong>the</strong>s tomentosa Link2 woolly lipfern N, P<br />
Chelone glabra L. white turtlehead N, P Phillips 1248 TN<br />
Chelone obliqua L. 1 red turtlehead N, P<br />
Chenopodium album L. 2 lambsquarters N/I, A, W, IN<br />
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 1 Mexican tea I, A/P, W<br />
Chenopodium berl<strong>and</strong>ieri Moq. var. zschackii (J. Murr.) J. Murr. ex Aschers. 1 Zschack's goosefoot N, A<br />
Chenopodium botrys L. 1 Jerusalem oak goosefoot I, A<br />
Chenopodium st<strong>and</strong>leyanum Aellen 2 St<strong>and</strong>ley's goosefoot N, A<br />
- 213 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh<br />
spotted wintergreen<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 1124 TN<br />
Chionanthus virginicus L. white fringetree N, P Phillips 693 MS<br />
Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. 1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> goldenaster N, P<br />
Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. 2 s<strong>of</strong>t goldenaster N, A<br />
Cichorium intybus L. 2 chicory I, B/P, W, IN<br />
Cicuta maculata L. water hemlock N, B/P, W, IN Phillips 512 TN<br />
Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed N, P Phillips 517 TN<br />
Circaea lutetiana L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus1 broadleaf enchanter's nightshade N, P<br />
Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 1 tall thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 2 Canada thistle I, P, W, IN<br />
Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 1 s<strong>of</strong>t thistle N, B/P<br />
Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Speng. field thistle N, B/P, W Phillips 547 AL<br />
Cirsium horridulum Michx. 1 yellow thistle N, A/B, W<br />
Cirsium muticum Michx. 1 swamp thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium scariosum Nutt. 1 meadow thistle N, B/P<br />
Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 1 Virginia thistle N, B<br />
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1 bull thistle I, B, W, IN<br />
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus 2 watermelon I, A<br />
Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd 2 Kentucky yellowwood N, P<br />
Claytonia virginica L. spring beauty N, P Phillips 750 TN<br />
Clematis catesbyana Pursh2 satincurls N, P<br />
Clematis crispa L. 2 swamp lea<strong>the</strong>r flower N, P<br />
Clematis terni<strong>flora</strong> DC. 2 sweet autumn virginsbower I, P<br />
Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. 2 pale lea<strong>the</strong>r flower N, P<br />
- 214 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Clematis viorna L. 1<br />
vasevine<br />
N, P<br />
Clematis virginiana L. virgin's bower N, P Phillips 300 TN<br />
Cleome hassleriana Chod. 2 pink queen I, A<br />
Clethra acuminata Michx. mountain sweetpepperbush N, P Hatch 9682 MS<br />
Clinopodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze2 Ozark calamint N, P<br />
Clitoria mariana L. Atlantic pigeonwings N, P Hatch 9599 MS<br />
Cnicus benedictus L. 2 blessed thistle I, A<br />
Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina coralbead N, P, W Hatch 9560 MS<br />
Collinsonia canadensis L. 1 richweed N, P<br />
Collinsonia tuberosa Michx. 2 deepwoods horsebalm N, P<br />
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. wild taro I, P, W, IN Phillips 705 MS<br />
Com<strong>and</strong>ra umbellata (L.) Nutt. 2 bastard toadflax N, P<br />
Commelina communis L. common dayflower I, A, W, IN Phillips 677 MS<br />
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. 1 climbing dayflower N, A/P, W<br />
Commelina erecta L. var. erecta whitemouth dayflower N, P Phillips 523 AL<br />
Commelina virginica L. Virginia dayflower N, P Phillips 696 MS<br />
Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock I, B, W, IN Phillips 844 TN<br />
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. blue mistflower N, P Phillips 352 TN<br />
Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. 1 American cancer-root N, P<br />
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 2 hare's ear mustard I, A, W<br />
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur2 doubtful knight's-spur I, A<br />
Convolvulus arvensis L. 1 field bindweed I, P, W, IN<br />
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronq. 2 Canada horseflower N, A/B<br />
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.var. canadensis Canada horseflower N, A/B Phillips 385 TN<br />
- 215 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Conyza ramosissima Cronq. 2<br />
dwarf horseweed<br />
N, A, W<br />
Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. 2 autumn coralroot N, P<br />
Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conra2 spring coralroot N, P<br />
Coreopsis auriculata L. lobed tickseed N, P Phillips 975 MS<br />
Coreopsis gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Hogg ex Sweet var. gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> 2 largeflower tickseed N, P<br />
Coreopsis lanceolata L. lanceleaf tickseed N, P Hatch 9355 MS<br />
Coreopsis major Walt. greater tickseed N, P Phillips 1132 TN<br />
Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. debilis (Sherff) E.B. Sm. 2 star tickseed N, P<br />
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. tinctoria 2 golden tickseed N, A/P<br />
Coreopsis tripteris L. tall tickseed N, P Phillips 560 AL<br />
Cornus alternifolia L.f. alternateleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 817 TN<br />
Cornus amomum P. Mill. silky dogwood N, P Phillips 571 MS<br />
Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. roughleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 460 TN<br />
Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood N, P, W Phillips 346 TN<br />
Cornus foemina P. Mill. stiff dogwood N, P Hatch 9347 MS<br />
Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. pale corydalis N, A Phillips 743 TN<br />
Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray subsp. australis (Chapman)<br />
G.B. Owenby2 smallflower fumewort N, A<br />
Corylus americana Walt. 1 American hazelnut N, P<br />
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 2 garden cosmos I, A<br />
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 2 sulphur cosmos I, A<br />
Cotinus obovatus Raf. 2 American smoketree N, P<br />
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. 2 pear hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus crus-galli L. 1 cockspur hawthorn N, P<br />
- 216 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Crataegus harbisonii Beadle2 Harbison's hawthorn<br />
N, P<br />
Crataegus intricata Lange2 Copenhagen hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe2 bigfruit hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus marshallii Egglest. parsley hawthorn N, P Hatch 9307 MS<br />
Crataegus mollis Scheele2 downy hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. 1 scarlet hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medik. 2 Washington hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch1 waxyfruit hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus punctata Jacq. dotted hawthorn N, P Phillips 650 MS<br />
Crataegus spathulata Michx. littlehip hawthorn N, P Phillips 673 MS<br />
Crataegus tri<strong>flora</strong> Chapman2 threeflower hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus uni<strong>flora</strong> Muenchh. 2 dwarf hawthorn N, P<br />
Crataegus viridis L. 1 green hawthorn N, P<br />
Crepis pulchra L. 2 smallflower hawksbeard I, A<br />
Crotalaria sagittalis L. arrowhead rattlebox N, P Phillips 626 MS<br />
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth1 showy rattlebox I, A, W<br />
Croton capitatus Michx. hogwort N, A, W Hatch 9755 MS<br />
Croton gl<strong>and</strong>ulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. 1 vente conmigo N, A, W<br />
Croton monanthogynus Michx. 1 prairie tea N, A<br />
Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster 2 Willdenow's croton N, A<br />
Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. 2 piedmont bedstraw I, A<br />
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1 Canadian honewort N, P<br />
Cucumis melo L. cantaloupe I, A, W Hatch 9794 MS<br />
Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. 1 common dittany N, P<br />
- 217 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. 2<br />
Colombian waxweed<br />
I, A/P<br />
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. blue waxweed N, A Hatch 9941 MS<br />
Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy1 compact dodder N, P<br />
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes1 scaldweed N, P<br />
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona1 fiveangled dodder N, A/P, IN<br />
Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 2 honeyvine N, P, W<br />
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass I, P, W, IN Phillpis 531 AL<br />
Cynoglossum virginianum L. wild comfrey N, P Hatch 9176 MS<br />
Cyperus bipartitus Torr. 2 slender flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus di<strong>and</strong>rus Torr. 2 umbrella flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood globe flatsedge N, P Phillips 995 MS<br />
Cyperus elegans L. royal flatsedge N, P Hatch 9762 MS<br />
Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. 2 redroot flatsedge N, A/P, W<br />
Cyperus esculentus L. chufa flatsedge N/I, P, W, IN Hatch 10013 MS<br />
Cyperus flavescens L. 2 yellow flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus flavicomus Michx. 2 whiteedge flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus iria L. ricefield flatsedge N, A, W, IN Phillips 997 MS<br />
Cyperus lancastriensis Porter ex Gray 2 manyflower flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus odoratus L. 2 fragrant flatsedge N, A/P, W<br />
Cyperus ovatus Baldwin ovateleaf flatsedge N, P<br />
Cyperus plukenetii Fern. 2 Plukenet's sedge, N, P<br />
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fern. 2 Texan flatsedge N, A/P<br />
Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. marsh flatsedge N, P Kruse 942 TN<br />
Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckl. 2 reflexed flatsedge N, P<br />
- 218 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Cyperus retr<strong>of</strong>ractus (L.) Torr. 1<br />
rough flatsedge<br />
N, P<br />
Cyperus retrorsus Chapman pine barren flatsedge N, P Hatch 9913 MS<br />
Cyperus rotundus L. nutgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 10071 MS<br />
Cyperus squarrosus L. 2 bearded flatsedge N, A<br />
Cyperus strigosus L. strawcolored flatsedge N, P, W Kruse 917 TN<br />
Cypripedium acaule Ait. 2 moccasin flower N, P<br />
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight 2 greater yellow lady's slipper N, P<br />
Cyrilla racemi<strong>flora</strong> L. swamp titi N, P Hatch 9301 MS<br />
Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 2 Asian netvein hollyfern I, P<br />
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. 2 bulblet bladderfern N, P<br />
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. 1 brittle bladderfern N, P unconfirmed<br />
Cystopteris protrusa (Wea<strong>the</strong>rby) Blasdell lowl<strong>and</strong> bladderfern N, P Kruse 1480 TN<br />
Cystopteris tennesseensis Shave2 Tennessee bladderfern N, P<br />
Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 8816 MS<br />
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Egyptian goosegrass I, A, W Hatch 9800 MS<br />
Dalea c<strong>and</strong>ida Michx. ex Willd. var. c<strong>and</strong>ida white prairieclover N, P Phillips 1210 MS<br />
Dalea foliosa (Gray) Barneby 2 leafy prairieclover N, P<br />
Dalea gattingeri (Heller) Barneby 2 purpletassels N, P<br />
Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock 2 foxtail prairie clover N, A<br />
Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea 2 purple prairieclover N, P<br />
Danthonia sericea Nutt. downy oatgrass N, P Hatch 9339 MS<br />
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes poverty oatgrass N, P Hatch 9410 MS<br />
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. mullien foxglove N, A Phillips 1160 TN<br />
Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed I, A, W, IN Phillips 1187 TN<br />
- 219 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Daucus carota L.<br />
Queen Anne's lace<br />
I, B, W, IN<br />
Phillips 406 TN<br />
Daucus pusillus Michx. 1 American wild carrot N, A<br />
Decumaria barbara L. woodvamp N, P Phillips 652 MS<br />
Delphinium alabamicum Kral2 Alabama larkspur N, P, END<br />
Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. calciphilum Warnock2 Carolina larkspur N, P<br />
Delphinium tricorne Michx. 1 dwarf larkspur N, P<br />
Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato1 silver false spleenwort N, P<br />
Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. subsp. brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling 2 western tansymustard N, A/B<br />
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Illinois bundleflower N, P, W Phillips 618 MS<br />
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. 1 hoary ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9947 MS<br />
Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud. var. cuspidatum 1 largebract ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. 2 Dillenius' ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood pointedleaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9815 MS<br />
Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 2 smooth ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium maril<strong>and</strong>icum (L.) DC. 2 smooth small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. nakedflower ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 1156 TN<br />
Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. 2 Nuttall's ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. stiff ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 400 TN<br />
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum panicledleaf ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 313 TN<br />
Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. fewflowered ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 374 TN<br />
Desmodium perplexum Schub. 2 perplexed ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium rotundifolium DC. 1 prostrate ticktrefoil N, P<br />
Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray1 sessileleaf ticktrefoil N, P<br />
- 220 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. 1<br />
velvetleaf ticktrefoil<br />
N, P<br />
Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 1123 TN<br />
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 2 dutchman's breeches N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark needleleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum 2 tapered rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark 2<br />
tapered rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Bosc's rosettegrass N, P Phillips 365 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium cl<strong>and</strong>estinum (L.) Gould deertongue N, P Hatch 9333 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium commutatum (J.A. Schultes) Gould subsp. equilaterale<br />
(Scribn.) Freckman<br />
Kruse 1347 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & C.A. Clark 2 blood rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould 2 starved rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum 2 cypress rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. ensifolium (Baldw. ex Ell.)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark<br />
cypress rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9886a MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A. Clark broadleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9127 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould openflower rosettegrass N, P Kruse 1314 TN<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann 2 rough rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium linearifolium(Scribn. ex Nash) Gould 2 slimleaf rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould 2 shortleaf rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann 2 matting rosettegrass N,P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould Ravenel's rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9357 MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium scoparium (Lam.) Gould velvet rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9387 MS<br />
- 221 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. isophyllum (Scribn.)<br />
Gould & C.A. Clark<br />
roundseed rosettegrass<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9744b MS<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. sphaerocarpon 2 roundseed rosettegrass N, P<br />
Dichan<strong>the</strong>lium strigosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Freckmann roughhair rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079a MS<br />
Dichondra carolinensis Michx. Carolina ponysfoot N, P, W Phillips 640 MS<br />
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. 2 branched foldwing N, A/P<br />
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn crabgrass N, A, W<br />
Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 2 fall witchgrass N, P<br />
Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. 2 slender crabgrass N, A/P<br />
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth crabgrass I, A, W Hatch 9845 MS<br />
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. hairy crabgrass N, A, W Phillips 338 TN<br />
Digitaria violascens Link violet crabgrass I, A/P Phillips 528 AL<br />
Dioclea multi<strong>flora</strong> (Torr. & Gray) C. Mohr1 Boykin's clusterpea N, P<br />
Diodia teres Walt. var. teres poor joe N, P Phillips 660 MS<br />
Diodia virginiana L. Virginia buttonweed N, P, W Phillips 526 AL<br />
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam I, P, W, IN Hatch 9748 MS<br />
Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. 1 fourleaf yam N, P<br />
Dioscorea villosa L. wild yam N, P Phillips 867 TN<br />
Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon N, P Phillips 453 TN<br />
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Brown glade fern N, P Kruse 1566 TN<br />
Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's teasel I, B, W Kruse 1478 TN<br />
Dirca palustris L. 2 eastern lea<strong>the</strong>rwood N, P<br />
Ditrysinia fruticosa (Bartr.) Govaerts & Frodin Gulf Sebastian-bush N, P Hatch 9302 MS<br />
Dodeca<strong>the</strong>on frenchii (Vasey) Rydb. 2 French's shootingstar N, P<br />
- 222 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Dodeca<strong>the</strong>on meadia L. 2<br />
pride <strong>of</strong> Ohio<br />
N, P<br />
Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene1 cornel-leaf whitetop N, P<br />
Doellingeria umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees var. umbellata1 parasol whitetop N, P<br />
Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 1 shortpod draba N, A<br />
Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2 wedgeleaf draba N, A<br />
Draba verna L. spring draba I, A Phillips 753 TN<br />
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. 1 clasping coneflower N, A, W<br />
Drosera brevifolia Pursh1 dwarf sundew N, A/P, T (TN)<br />
Dryopteris celsa (Wm. Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Pollard ex Small2 log fern N, P<br />
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray2 marginal woodfern N, P<br />
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian strawberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 529 AL<br />
Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. 2 threeway sedge N, P<br />
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench eastern purple coneflower N, P, W Phillips 1195 AL<br />
Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small 2 Tennessee purple coneflower N, P, END<br />
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link jungle rice I, A, W Hatch 9867 MS<br />
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli large barnyardgrass I, A, IN Phillips 321 TN<br />
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. microstachya Wieg. 1 rough barnyardgrass N, A<br />
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. muricata rough barnyardgrass I, A Hatch 9884 MS<br />
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller coast cockspur N, A Phillips 613 MS<br />
Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. creeping burhead N, P, W Hatch 9747 MS<br />
Echium vulgare L. 1 common viper's bugloss I, A/B/P<br />
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. false daisy N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9984 MS<br />
Egeria densa Planch. 2 Brazilian waterweed I, P, W, IN<br />
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms water hyacinth I, P Kruse 1028 MS<br />
- 223 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.<br />
autumn olive<br />
I, P, W, IN<br />
Phillips 509 TN<br />
Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 2 flatstem spikerush N, P<br />
Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 2 Engelmann's spikerush N, A<br />
Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. 2 bald spikerush N, P<br />
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes blunt spikerush N, A/P Kruse 1031 MS<br />
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 common spikerush N, P<br />
Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. 2 slender spikerush N, P<br />
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Carolina elephantsfoot N, P Phillips 378 TN<br />
Elephantopus elatus Bertol. tall elephantsfoot N, P Hatch 9319 MS<br />
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass I, A, W, IN Phillips 328 TN<br />
Elodea canadensis Michx. 2 Canadian waterweed N, P<br />
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John 2 western waterweed N, P<br />
Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada wildrye N, P Phillips 476 TN<br />
Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix eastern bottlebrush N, P Kruse 1471 TN<br />
Elymus repens (L.) Gould 2 quackgrass I, P, W, IN<br />
Elymus riparius Wieg. 2 riverbank wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus svensonii Church 2 Svenson's wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. 2 hairy wildrye N, P<br />
Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus 2 Virginia wildrye N,P<br />
Enemion biternatum Raf. eastern false rue anemone N, P Phillips 757 TN<br />
Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart. beechdrops N, A Kruse 1559a MS<br />
Epigaea repens L. 2 trailing arbutus N, P<br />
Epilobium coloratum Biehler2 purpleleaf willowherb N, P<br />
Equisetum arvense L. 2 field horsetail N, P, W, IN<br />
- 224 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.<br />
scouringrush horsetail<br />
N, P, W<br />
Kruse 1045 MS<br />
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees 2 lacegrass N, A<br />
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen 2 stinkgrass I,A, W<br />
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass I, P Kruse 1358 AL<br />
Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. 2 s<strong>and</strong>bar lovegrass N, A<br />
Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 2 bigtop lovegrass N, P<br />
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. 2 teal lovegrass A, N<br />
Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc. 1 plains lovegrass N, P<br />
Eragrostis minor Host 2 little lovegrass I, A<br />
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea tufted lovegrass N, A Phillips 393 TN<br />
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. 2 Indian lovegrass N, A, W<br />
Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Scribn. coastal lovegrass N, P Phillips 667 MS<br />
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. purple lovegrass N, P Phillips 502 TN<br />
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 1 American burnweed N, A<br />
Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass I, P Hatch 9745 MS<br />
Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. harbinger <strong>of</strong> spring N, A/P Phillips 752 TN<br />
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. eastern daisy fleabane N, A Hatch 9319 MS<br />
Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane N, B/P, W Hatch 8691 MS<br />
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. robin's plantain N, P Phillips 905 TN<br />
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. prairie fleabane N, A/B Phillips 336 TN<br />
Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray1 slender fleabane N, P<br />
Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. harperi (Goodman) Reveal2 Harper's buckwheat N, P<br />
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér ex Ait. 2 redstem stork's bill I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Eryngium aquaticum L. 1 rattlesnake master N, B<br />
- 225 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC.<br />
creeping eryngo<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9737 MS<br />
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. yuccifolium button eryngo N, P Phillips 672 MS<br />
Erysimum rep<strong>and</strong>um L. 2 spreading wallflower I, A, W<br />
Erythrina herbacea L. 1 redcardinal N, P<br />
Erythronium albidum Nutt. 2 white fawnlily N, P<br />
Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. 1 dogtooth violet N, P<br />
Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf 2 yellow troutlily N, P<br />
Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin 2 dimpled troutlily N, P<br />
Euonymus americanus L. strawberry bush N, P Phillips 495 TN<br />
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1 burningbush N, P<br />
Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. 2 winter creeper I, P, W, IN<br />
Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King & H.E. Robins. 2 trumpetweed N, P Phillips 371 TN<br />
Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. maculatus1 spotted trumpetweed N, P<br />
Eupatorium album L. var. album 2 white thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium altissimum L. 1 tall thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small dogfennel N, P, W Phillips 631 MS<br />
Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. yankeeweed N, P Hatch 9911 MS<br />
Eupatorium glaucescens Ell. 2 waxy thoroughwort N, P<br />
Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. var. calcaratum Fern. & Schub. hyssopleaf thoroughwort N, P Hatch 9978 MS<br />
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. common boneset N, P Phillips 469 TN<br />
Eupatorium pilosum Walt. rough boneset N, P Hatch 9949 MS<br />
Eupatorium purpureum L. 1 sweetscented joepyeweed N, P, W<br />
Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. rotundifolium 2 roundleaf eupatorium N, P<br />
Eupatorium semiserratum DC. 2 smallflower thoroughwort N, P<br />
- 226 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Eupatorium serotinum Michx.<br />
lateflowering thoroughwort<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9912 MS<br />
Eupatorium sessilifolium L. 2 upl<strong>and</strong> boneset N, P<br />
Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex Gray1 tinted woodl<strong>and</strong> spurge N, A<br />
Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge N, P Phillips 432 TN<br />
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. 2 fire on <strong>the</strong> mountain N, A/P, W<br />
Euphorbia cyparissias L. 2 cypress spurge I, P<br />
Euphorbia dentata Michx. var. dentata 2 too<strong>the</strong>d spurge N/I, A<br />
Euphorbia helioscopia L. 2 madwoman's milk I, A<br />
Euphorbia mercurialina Michx. 2 mercury spurge N, P<br />
Euphorbia spathulata Lam. warty spurge N, A/P Hatch 9132 MS<br />
Eurybia hemispherica (Alex<strong>and</strong>er) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn prairie aster N, P Hatch 9689 MS<br />
Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 2 bigleaf aster N, P<br />
Eurybia paludosa (Ait.) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn swamp aster N, P Phillips 466 TN<br />
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 2 flat-top goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene 2 Texas goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene1 bushy goldentop N, P<br />
Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britt. slender goldentop N, P Hatch 10033 MS<br />
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Schultz-Bip. 1 annual trampweed I, A<br />
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench2 buckwheat I, A<br />
Fagus gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia Ehrh. American beech N, P Phillips 417 TN<br />
Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai2 hairy crabweed I, A, W<br />
Festuca paradoxa Desv. clustered fescue N, P Hatch 9095 MS<br />
Festuca rubra L. 2 red fescue N, P<br />
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev nodding fescue N, P Kruse 1295 TN<br />
- 227 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2<br />
annual fimbry<br />
N, A, W<br />
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes slender fimbry N, A Hatch 9942b MS<br />
Fimbristylis decipiens Kral sou<strong>the</strong>rn fimbry N, A Kruse 1027 MS<br />
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl grasslike fimbry N, A, W Kruse 939 TN<br />
Fleischmannia incarnata(Walt.) King & H.E. Robins. 2 pink thoroughwort N, P<br />
Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. 2 eastern swampprivet N, P<br />
Forestiera ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. 2 upl<strong>and</strong> swampprivet N, P<br />
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 2 greenstem forsythia I, P<br />
Fo<strong>the</strong>rgilla gardenii L. 2 dwarf witchalder N, P<br />
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne2 Virginia strawberry N, P<br />
Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray Carolina buckthorn N, P, W, IN Phillips 723 MS<br />
Frasera caroliniensis Walt. 1 American columbo N, P<br />
Fraxinus americana L. white ash N, P Phillips 370 TN<br />
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. green ash N, P Phillips 647 MS<br />
Fraxinus pr<strong>of</strong>unda (Bush) Bush pumpkin ash N, P Hatch 9448 MS<br />
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 2 blue ash N, P<br />
Froelichia gracilis (Nutt.) Moq. 2 slender snakecotton N, A<br />
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. hairy umbrella-sedge N, P Hatch 9651 MS<br />
Galactia floridana Torr. & Gray1 Florida milkpea N, P<br />
Galactia regularis (L.) B.S.P. 2 eastern milkpea N, P<br />
Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. 1 downy milkpea N, P<br />
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 2 showy orchid N, P<br />
Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. 2 shaggy soldier I, A<br />
Galium aparine L. stickywilly N, A, W, IN Phillips 789 MS<br />
- 228 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Galium circaezans Michx.<br />
licorice bedstraw<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 848 TN<br />
Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray2 shining bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. 2 Lamarck's bedstraw I, A<br />
Galium mollugo L. 2 false baby's breath I, P<br />
Galium obtusum Bigelow bluntleaf bedstraw N, P Hatch 9365 MS<br />
Galium pilosum Ait. 1 hairy bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium tinctorium L. 1 stiff marsh bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium triflorum Michx. 1 fragrant bedstraw N, P<br />
Galium virgatum Nutt. 2 southwestern bedstraw N, A<br />
Gamochaeta argyrina Nesom A Hatch 9411 MS<br />
Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguél. grey everlastin I, A Hatch 9635 MS<br />
Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera spoonleaf purple everlasting N, P Hatch 8804 MS<br />
Gaura angustifolia Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn beeblossom N, A Phillips 659 MS<br />
Gaura biennis L. 2 biennial beeblossom N, B<br />
Gaura filipes Spach1 slenderstalk beeblossom N, P<br />
Gaura longi<strong>flora</strong> Spach longflower beeblossom N, P Phillips 617 MS<br />
Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil. Carolina jessamine N, P Hatch 8770 MS<br />
Gentiana saponaria L. 1 harvestbells N, P<br />
Gentiana villosa L. 1 striped gentian N, P<br />
Geranium bicknellii Britt. 2 Bicknell's cranesbill N, A/B<br />
Geranium carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung2 Carolina geranium N, A/B Hatch 8738 MS<br />
Geranium dissectum L. cutleaf geranium I, A/B, W Phillips 804b TN<br />
Geranium maculatum L. spotted geranium N, P Phillips 865 TN<br />
Geranium molle L. dovefoot geranium I, A/B/P Phillips 805 TN<br />
- 229 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Geranium pusillum L.<br />
small geranium<br />
I, A/B<br />
Phillips 777 AL<br />
Geum aleppicum Jacq. 1 yellow avens N, P<br />
Geum canadense Jacq. 1 white avens N, P<br />
Geum laciniatum Murr. rough avens N, P Hatch 9148 MS<br />
Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray spring avens N, P Phillips 796 TN<br />
Geum virginianum L. 2 cream avens N, P<br />
Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. 1 Indian physic N, P<br />
Ginkgo biloba L. 2 maidenhair tree I, P<br />
Gl<strong>and</strong>ularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1 rose mock vervain N, P<br />
Glechoma hederacea L. ground ivy I, P, W, IN Phillips 770 AL<br />
Gleditsia triacanthos L. common honey locust N, P Phillips 404 TN<br />
Glyceria acuti<strong>flora</strong> Torr. 2 creeping mannagrass N, P<br />
Glyceria septentrionalis A.S. Hitchc. var. septentrionalis floating mannagrass N, P Hatch 9450 MS<br />
Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. fowl mannagrass N, P Hatch 9252 MS<br />
Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. downy rattlesnake plantain N, P Phillips 1241 TN<br />
Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum1 upl<strong>and</strong> cotton N, A/P, W<br />
Gratiola neglecta Torr. clammy hedgehyssop N, A Phillips 683 MS<br />
Gratiola virginiana L. 1 roundfruit hedgehyssop N, A/B<br />
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. 2 narrowleaf gumweed N, B/P<br />
Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch 2 Kentucky c<strong>of</strong>feetree N, P<br />
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston 1 beggarslice N, B/P<br />
Halesia diptera Ell. twowing silverbell N, P Phillips 697 MS<br />
Hamamelis virginiana L. 1 American witchhazel N, P<br />
Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. 2 false Indian plantain N, P<br />
- 230 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Hedeoma hispida Pursh<br />
rough false pennyroyal<br />
N, A<br />
Hatch 9261 MS<br />
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. 1 American false pennyroyal N, A<br />
Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock bitter sneezeweed N, A, W Phillips 568 MS<br />
Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale 2 common sneezeweed N, P<br />
Helenium flexuosum Raf. purplehead sneezeweed N, P Hatch 9693 MS<br />
Helenium quadridentatum Labill longdisk sneezeweed N, A Phillips 658 MS<br />
Helianthus angustifolius L. swamp sunflower N, P Hatch 9835 MS<br />
Helianthus annuus L. 1 common sunflower N, A, W<br />
Helianthus atrorubens L. 1 purpledisk sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus decapetalus L. 1 thinleaf sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus divaricatus L. 1 woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P, W<br />
Helianthus eggertii Small 2 Eggert's sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus giganteus L. 2 giant sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus grosseserratus Martens 1 sawtooth sunflower N, P, W<br />
Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower N, P Phillips 474 TN<br />
Helianthus maximilianii Schrad. 2 Maximilian sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus microcephalus Torr. & Gray small woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P Phillips 363 TN<br />
Helianthus mollis Lam. ashy sunflower N, P Phillips 539a AL<br />
Helianthus silphioides Nutt. 2 rosinweed sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus strumosus L. 1 paleleaf woodl<strong>and</strong> sunflower N, P<br />
Helianthus tuberosus L. 1 Jerusalem artichoke N, P, W<br />
Helianthus x glaucus Small (pro sp.) 2 [divaricatus x microcephalus] N, P<br />
Helianthus x laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.) 2 [pauciflorus x tuberosus] N, P<br />
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet1 smooth oxeye N, P<br />
- 231 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Heliotropium europaeum L. 2<br />
European heliotrope<br />
I, P<br />
Heliotropium indicum L. Indian heliotrope I, P Phillips 593 MS<br />
Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. 2 pasture heliotrope N, A<br />
Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2 orange daylily I, P, W, IN<br />
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark sharplobed hepatica N, P Phillips 760 TN<br />
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark2 roundlobe hepatica N, P<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra dubia (Jacq.) MacM. 2 grassleaf mudplantain N, A/P<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra limosa (Sw.) Willd. 2 blue mudplantain N, A<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra reniformis Ruiz & Pavón 2 kidneyleaf mudplantain N, P<br />
Hetero<strong>the</strong>ca camporum (Greene) Shinners 2 lemonyellow false goldenaster N, P<br />
Hetero<strong>the</strong>ca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby camphorweed N, A Phillips 1221 MS<br />
Heuchera americana L. American alumroot N, P Phillips 955 TN<br />
Heuchera parvi<strong>flora</strong> Bartl. var. parvi<strong>flora</strong>2 littleflower alumroot N, P<br />
Heuchera villosa Michx. var. villosa1 hairy alumroot N, P<br />
Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. 2 spiked crested coralroot N, P<br />
Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small little brown jug N, P Hatch 9196 MS<br />
Hibiscus laevis All. 2 halberdleaf rosemallow N, P<br />
Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. moscheutos crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Phillips 1246 TN<br />
Hibiscus moscheutos L.var. lasiocarpos (Cav.) O.J. Blanchard crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Hatch 9752 MS<br />
Hibiscus syriacus L. 1 rose <strong>of</strong> Sharon I, P<br />
Hieracium gronovii L. queendevil N, P Phillips 468 TN<br />
Hieracium paniculatum L. 1 Allegheny hawkweed N, P<br />
Hieracium scabrum Michx. rough hawkweed N, P Phillips 664 MS<br />
Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass I, P Hatch 9686 MS<br />
- 232 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Holosteum umbellatum L. 2<br />
jagged chickweed<br />
I, A<br />
Hordeum jubatum L. 2 foxtail barley N, P, W<br />
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley N, A, W Hatch 8715 MS<br />
Hordeum vulgare L. 2 barley I, A, W<br />
Houstonia caerulea L. azure bluets N, P Hatch 8745 MS<br />
Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes2 Canadian summer bluet N, P<br />
Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. 2 longleaf summer bluet N, P<br />
Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell4 sou<strong>the</strong>rn bluet N, A<br />
Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray1 Venus' pride N, P<br />
Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea2 Venus' pride N, P Phillips 973 AL<br />
Houstonia pusilla Schoepf tiny bluet N, A Phillips 756 TN<br />
Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese hop I, A/P<br />
Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub2 rock clubmoss N, P<br />
Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. 2 eastern greenviolet N, P<br />
Hydrangea arborescens L. 1 wild hydrangea N, P<br />
Hydrangea cinerea Small1 ashy hydrangea N, P<br />
Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. oakleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 654 MS<br />
Hydrangea radiata Walt. silverleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 471 TN<br />
Hydrastis canadensis L. 1 goldenseal N, P, R (TN)<br />
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. manyflower marshpennywort N, P Hatch 9171 MS<br />
Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy oval false fiddleleaf N, P Hatch 9612 MS<br />
Hydrolea quadrivalvis Walt. waterpod N, P Phillips 563 MS<br />
Hydrolea uni<strong>flora</strong> Raf. oneflower false fiddleleaf N, P Phillips 1212 MS<br />
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. great waterleaf N, B Phillips 851 TN<br />
- 233 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Hydrophyllum canadense L. 2<br />
bluntleaf waterleaf<br />
N, P<br />
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. 1 largeleaf waterleaf N, P<br />
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Shawnee salad N, P Phillips 903 TN<br />
Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herbert 1 Carolina spiderlily N, P<br />
Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex W. Bart. 1 creeping St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum crux-<strong>and</strong>reae (L.) Crantz. St. Peterswort N, P Hatch 9680 MS<br />
Hypericum densiflorum Pursh1 bushy St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum denticulatum Walt. 1 coppery St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Gray nits <strong>and</strong> lice N, A Phillips 1174 TN<br />
Hypericum frondosum Michx. 2 cedarglade St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. 2 orangegrass N, A<br />
Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray 2 claspingleaf St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz subsp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson St. Andrewscross N, P Phillips 1184 TN<br />
Hypericum mutilum L. dwarf St. Johnswort N, A/P Phillips 549 AL<br />
Hypericum nudiflorum Michx. ex Willd. 1 early St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum perforatum L. 2 common St. Johnswort I, P, W, IN<br />
Hypericum prolificum L. shrubby St. Johnswort N, P Phillips 1165 TN<br />
Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush false spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9702 MS<br />
Hypericum punctatum Lam. spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9732 MS<br />
Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. 2 roundseed St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypericum virgatum Lam. 2 sharpleaf St. Johnswort N, P<br />
Hypochaeris radicata L. 2 hairy catsear I, P, W, IN<br />
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1 common goldstar N, P<br />
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman 1 large gallberry N, P<br />
- 234 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ilex decidua Walt.<br />
possomhaw<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 8788 MS<br />
Ilex longipes Chapman ex Trel. 2 Georgia holly N, P<br />
Ilex opaca L. American holly N, P Phillips 580 MS<br />
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray common winterberry N, P Hatch 9975 MS<br />
Ilex vomitoria Ait. 1 yaupon N, P<br />
Impatiens capensis Meerb. jewelweed N, A Phillips 299 TN<br />
Impatiens pallida Nutt. 2 pale touch-me-not N, A<br />
Indig<strong>of</strong>era tinctoria L. 1 true indigo I, P<br />
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. 2 purplerocket N, P<br />
Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene 1 flaxleaf whitetop aster N, P<br />
Ipomoea coccinea L. 1 redstar I, A, W, IN<br />
Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 520 AL<br />
Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morning-glory N, A, W, IN Phillips 590 MS<br />
Ipomoea p<strong>and</strong>urata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. man-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-earth N, P, W, IN Hatch 9562 MS<br />
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 524 AL<br />
Ipomoea quamoclit L. 2 cypressvine I, A, W, IN<br />
Ipomoea wrightii Gray Wright's morning-glory I, A/P, W, IN Phillips 1230 MS<br />
Iresine rhizomatosa St<strong>and</strong>l. 2 Juda's bush N, P<br />
Iris cristata Ait. 1 dwarf crested iris N, P<br />
Iris germanica L. 2 German iris I, P<br />
Iris pseudacorus L. 2 paleyellow iris I, P<br />
Iris versicolor L. 1 harlequin blueflag N, P<br />
Iris virginica L. 2 Virginia iris N, P<br />
Isoetes butleri Engelm. 2 limestone quillwort N, P<br />
- 235 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr.<br />
keeled bulrush<br />
N, A<br />
Kruse 1391 MS<br />
Itea virginica L. Virginia sweetspire N, P Kruse1397 MS<br />
Iva annua L. var. caudata (Small) R.C. Jackson 1 annual marshelder N, A<br />
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. hairy clustervine N, A, W Hatch 10015 MS<br />
Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff 2 Alabama warbonnet N, P<br />
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. 2 twinleaf N, P<br />
Juglans cinerea L. 1 butternut N, P, T (TN)<br />
Juglans nigra L. black walnut N, P Phillips 535 AL<br />
Juncus acuminatus Michx. tapertip rush N, P Kruse 915 TN<br />
Juncus an<strong>the</strong>latus (Weig.) R.E. Brooks greater poverty rush N, P Kruse 1375 MS<br />
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. whiteroot rush N, P Kruse 1395 MS<br />
Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. 2 smallhead rush N, P, R (TN)<br />
Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe 2 Canadian rush N, P<br />
Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie lea<strong>the</strong>ry rush N, P Kruse 930 TN<br />
Juncus debilis Gray weak rush N, A/P Hatch 9655 MS<br />
Juncus dichotomus Ell. forked rush N, P Kruse 1400 MS<br />
Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod rush N, P Kruse 996 MS<br />
Juncus dudleyi Wieg. 2 Dudley's rush N, P<br />
Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. common rush N, P Kruse 943 TN<br />
Juncus elliottii Chapman 2 Elliott's rush N, P<br />
Juncus filipendulus Buckl. 2 ringseed rush N, P<br />
Juncus interior Wieg. 2 inl<strong>and</strong> rush N, P<br />
Juncus marginatus Rostk. grassleaf rush N, P Kruse 913 TN<br />
Juncus repens Michx. lesser creeping rush N, P Kruse 1017 MS<br />
- 236 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Juncus scirpoides Lam.<br />
needlepod rush<br />
N, P<br />
Kruse 941 TN<br />
Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. 2 lopsided rush N, P<br />
Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> rush N, P<br />
Juncus tenuis Willd. slender rush N, P Phillips 991 MS<br />
Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush N, P Kruse 1528 MS<br />
Juncus validus Coville var. validus roundhead rush N, P Kruse 976 MS<br />
Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red cedar N, P Phillips 308 TN<br />
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl American water-willow N, P Phillips 1162 TN<br />
Justicia ovata (Walt.) L<strong>and</strong>au var. lanceolata (Chapman) R.W. Long 2 looseflower water- willow N, P<br />
Kalmia latifolia L. mountain laurel N, P Phillips 990 MS<br />
Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 2 sharpleaf cancerwort I, A<br />
Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 2 roundleaf cancerwort I, A<br />
Krigia bi<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Blake tw<strong>of</strong>lower dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, P Phillips 821 TN<br />
Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers weedy dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, A Phillips 924 TN<br />
Krigia d<strong>and</strong>elion (L.) Nutt. potato dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, P Phillips 790 MS<br />
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. 1 Virginia dwarf d<strong>and</strong>elion N, A<br />
Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino1 Korean clover I, A<br />
Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Japanese clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 429 TN<br />
Kyllinga gracillima Miquel. pasture spikesedge N, P, W, IN Kruse 1039 MS<br />
Kyllinga odorata Vahl fragrant spikesedge N, A/B/P Kruse 1522 MS<br />
Kyllinga pumila Michx. low spikesedge N, A/P Kruse 1038 MS<br />
Lactuca canadensis L. Canada lettuce N, A/B Hatch 9700 MS<br />
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> lettuce N, A/B<br />
Lactuca graminifolia Michx. 2 grassleaf lettuce N, B/P<br />
- 237 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lactuca saligna L. 2<br />
willowleaf lettuce<br />
I, A/B<br />
Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce I, A, W, IN Phillips 302 TN<br />
Lagerstroemia indica L. crapemyrtle I, P, W, IN Hatch9819a MS<br />
Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit I, A, W, IN Phillips 744 TN<br />
Lamium purpureum L. purple dead nettle I, A, W, IN Phillips 740 TN<br />
Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell1 Carolina woodnettle N, P<br />
Lathyrus hirsutus L. 1 Caley pea I, A<br />
Lathyrus latifolius L. 2 perennial pea I, P, W<br />
Lathyrus pusillus Ell. tiny pea N, A Hatch 9077 MS<br />
Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. exigua 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. lutea Rollins 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia stylosa Gray 2 cedar gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia torulosa Gray 2 necklace gladecress N, A<br />
Leavenworthia uni<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Britt. 2 Michaux's gladecress N, A<br />
Lechea minor L. 2 thymeleaf pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea mucronata Raf. 2 hairy pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea racemulosa Michx. 2 Illinois pinweed N, P<br />
Lechea tenuifolia Michx. 2 narrowleaf pinweed N, P<br />
Leersia lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass N, P Hatch 9952 MS<br />
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrass N, P Phillips 641 MS<br />
Leersia virginica Willd. whitegrass N, P Phillips 340 TN<br />
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. 2 lesser duckweed N, P<br />
Lemna minor L. common duckweed N, P Hatch 8754 MS<br />
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs 2 little duckweed N, P<br />
- 238 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lemna perpusilla Torr. 2<br />
minute duckweed<br />
N, P<br />
Lemna valdiviana Phil. 2 valdivia duckweed N, P<br />
Leonurus cardiaca L. 1 common mo<strong>the</strong>rwort I, P, W, IN<br />
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. 2 field pepperweed I, A/B<br />
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 2 common pepperweed N, A/B, W<br />
Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia pepperweed N, A/B/P, W Phillips 1125 TN<br />
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow bearded sprangletop N, A, W Hatch 9756 MS<br />
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. Snow 2 mucronate sprangletop N, A/P, W<br />
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 2 shrub lespedeza I, P, W, IN<br />
Lespedeza capitata Michx. roundhead lespedeza N, P Phillips 669 MS<br />
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don Chinese lespedeza I, P, W, IN Phillips 381 TN<br />
Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. 1 shrubby lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. 1 hairy lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza procumbens Michx. 1 trailing lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart. creeping lespedeza N, P Phillips 497 TN<br />
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. 1 violet lespedeza N, P<br />
Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. slender lespedeza N, P Phillips 561 AL<br />
Lespedeza x manniana Mackenzie & Bush (pro sp.) [capitata x violacea] N, P Phillips 1171 TN<br />
Lesquerella densipila Rollins 2 Duck River bladderpod N, A<br />
Lesquerella globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. 2 globe bladderpod N, B/P<br />
Lesquerella lescurii (Gray) S. Wats. 2 Lescur's bladderpod N, A<br />
Lesquerella lyrata Rollins 2 lyreleaf bladderpod N, A, END<br />
Leucan<strong>the</strong>mum vulgare Lam. ox-eye daisy I, P, W, IN Phillips 427 TN<br />
Leucojum vernum L. sping snowflake I, P Hatch 8811 MS<br />
- 239 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 2<br />
narrowleaf paleseed<br />
N, A<br />
Liatris aspera Michx. 2 tall blazing star N, P<br />
Liatris pycnostachya Michx. prairie blazing star N, P Phillips 1208 MS<br />
Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. 1 devil's bite N, P<br />
Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. dense blazing star N, P Phillips 550 AL<br />
Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. squarrosa 2 scaly blazing star N, P<br />
Liatris squarrulosa Michx. 1 Appalachian blazing star N, P<br />
Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. 1 Canadian licorice-root N, P<br />
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 2 Japanese privet I, P, W, IN<br />
Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet I, P, W, IN Phillips 574 MS<br />
Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet I, P Phillips 349 TN<br />
Lilium canadense L. 2 Canada lily N, P<br />
Lilium michiganense Farw. 2 Michigan lily N, P, T (TN)<br />
Lilium superbum L. turk's-cap lily N, P Hatch 9671 MS<br />
Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. 1 butter <strong>and</strong> eggs I, P, W, IN<br />
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume nor<strong>the</strong>rn spicebush N, P Phillips 412 TN<br />
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperrider false pimpernel N, A Phillips 601 MS<br />
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia1 yellowseed false pimpernel N, A/B<br />
Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. stiff yellow flax N, A/P Hatch 9607b MS<br />
Linum striatum Walt. 1 ridged yellow flax N, P<br />
Linum sulcatum Riddell2 grooved flax N, A<br />
Linum usitatissimum L. 2 common flax I, A<br />
Linum virginianum L. woodl<strong>and</strong> flax N, P Hatch 9678 MS<br />
Liparis liliifolia (L.) L.C. Rich. ex Ker-Gawl. 2 brown lipwide orchid N, P<br />
- 240 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Liquidambar styraciflua L.<br />
sweetgum<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 314 TN<br />
Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip poplar N, P Phillips 317 TN<br />
Listera australis Lindl. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn twayblade N, P<br />
Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. 1 hoary puccoon N, P<br />
Lithospermum latifolium Michx. 2 American stoneseed N, P<br />
Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. var. gattingeri (Gray) McVaugh 2 Gattinger's lobelia N, A/B<br />
Lobelia cardinalis L. scarletflower N, P Phillips 428 TN<br />
Lobelia inflata L. indiantobacco N, A Phillips 428 TN<br />
Lobelia puberula Michx. 1 downy lobelia N, P<br />
Lobelia siphilitica L. great blue lobelia N, P Phillips 397 TN<br />
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) Mackenzie & Bush1 palespike lobelia N, P<br />
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire tall fescue I, P, W, IN Phillips 329 TN<br />
Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot 2 Italian ryegrass I, A/P<br />
Lolium temulentum L. 1 Darnel ryegrass I, A<br />
Lonicera flava Sims2 yellow honeysuckle N, P, R (TN)<br />
Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 407 TN<br />
Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 793 TN<br />
Lonicera reticulata Raf. 2 grape honeysuckle N, P<br />
Lonicera sempervirens L. trumpet honeysuckle N, P Phillips 989 MS<br />
Ludwigia alternifolia L. seedbox N, P Phillips 464 TN<br />
Ludwigia decurrens Walt. wingleaf waterprimrose N, P, W Phillips 603 MS<br />
Ludwigia hirtella Raf. spindleroot N, P Hatch 9677 MS<br />
Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara anglestem primrose-willow N, A/P Hatch 9998 MS<br />
Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. 2 smallfruit primrose-willow N, P<br />
- 241 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell.<br />
marsh primrose-willow<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9185 MS<br />
Ludwigia peploides (Kuntze) Raven subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven floating primrose-willow N, P, W Hatch 9472 MS<br />
Ludwigia repens J. R. Forst. creeping primrose-willow N, P Phillips 537 AL<br />
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. globefruit primrose-willow N, P Phillips 604 MS<br />
Ludwigia virgata Michx. savannah primrose-willow N, P Phillips 630 MS<br />
Lunaria annua L. 2 annual honesty I, A/B<br />
Luzula acuminata Raf. 2 hairy woodrush N, P<br />
Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth bulbous woodrush N, P Kruse 1372 MS<br />
Luzula echinata (Small) J.F. Herm. hedgehog woodrush N, P Kruse 1330 TN<br />
Luzula multi<strong>flora</strong> (Ehrh.) Lej. 2 common woodrush N, P<br />
Lycium barbarum L. 2 matrimony vine I, P<br />
Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun2 fan clubmoss N, P<br />
Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh2 deeproot clubmoss N, P<br />
Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. 2 American water horehound N, P<br />
Lycopus rubellus Moench2 taperleaf water horehound N, P<br />
Lycopus virginicus L. 1 Virginia water horehound N, P<br />
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern I, P, W, IN Kruse 1044 MS<br />
Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosi<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Fern. 1 maleberry N, P<br />
Lysimachia ciliata L. fringed loosestrife N, P Phillips 1157 TN<br />
Lysimachia hybrida Michx. 1 lowl<strong>and</strong> yellow loosestrife N, P<br />
Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. lanceleaf loosestrife N, P Phillips 1186 TN<br />
Lysimachia nummularia L. 2 creeping jenny I, P<br />
Lysimachia quadrifolia L. 1 whorled yellow loosestrife N, P<br />
Lysimachia radicans Hook. trailing yellow loosestrife N, P Hatch 9746 MS<br />
- 242 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock1 winged lythrum<br />
N, P<br />
Lythrum lineare L. w<strong>and</strong> lythrum N, P Hatch9735 MS<br />
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 2 plume poppy I, P<br />
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. osage orange N, P, W, IN Phillips 452 TN<br />
Macro<strong>the</strong>lypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching2 swordfern I, P<br />
Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. cucumber tree N, P Hatch 9101 MS<br />
Magnolia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> L. magnolia N, P Phillips 675 MS<br />
Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 1 bigleaf magnolia N, P<br />
Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. 2 umbrella-tree N, P<br />
Magnolia virginiana L. 1 sweetbay N, P<br />
Maian<strong>the</strong>mum racemosum (L.) Link. subsp. racemosum false Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 976 MS<br />
Malaxis unifolia Michx. green adder's-tongue orchid N, P Hatch 9544 MS<br />
Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn crabapple N, P<br />
Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. 2 sweet crabapple N, P<br />
Malus pumila P. Mill. 2 paradise apple I, P<br />
Malva neglecta Wallr. 2 common mallow I, A/B/P, W, IN<br />
Malva pusilla Sm. 2 low mallow I, A/B<br />
Malva sylvestris L. 2 high mallow I, A/B/P<br />
Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. 2 hispid false mallow N, A<br />
Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose false aloe N, P Phillips 1209 MS<br />
Marrubium vulgare L. 2 horehound I, P<br />
Marshallia trinervia (Walt.) Trel. 1 broadleaf Barbara's buttons N, P, T (TN)<br />
Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. maroon Carolina milkvine N, P Hatch 9349 MS<br />
Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners angularfruit milkvine N, P Hatch 9742 MS<br />
- 243 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woods. 2<br />
climbing milkvine<br />
N, P<br />
Matricaria discoidea DC. 2 disc mayweed I, A, W<br />
Matricaria recutita L. 2 German chamomile I, A<br />
Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis Japanese mazus I, A Hatch 8762 MS<br />
Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var. acuminata1 axilflower N, P<br />
Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. 1 spotted medick I, A<br />
Medicago lupulina L. hop clover I, A, W Hatch8707 MS<br />
Medicago minima (L.) L. little burclover I, A Hatch 8695 MS<br />
Medicago polymorpha L. burclover I, A Hatch 8810 MS<br />
Medicago sativa L. 1 alfalfa I, A/P, W<br />
Melampyrum lineare Desr. 2 narrowleaf cowwheat N, A<br />
Melan<strong>the</strong>ra nivea (L.) Small1 snow squarestem N, P<br />
Melanthium woodii J.W. Robins. ex Wood 2 Wood's bunchflower N, P<br />
Melia azedarach L. Chinaberrytree I, P, W, IN Phillips 724 MS<br />
Melica mutica Walt. tw<strong>of</strong>lower melic N, P Hatch 9126 MS<br />
Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper 2 threeflower melic N, P<br />
Melilotus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover I, A/B/P, W, IN Hatch 9461 MS<br />
Melissa <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2 common balm I, P<br />
Melothria pendula L. 1 Guadeloupe cucumber N, P<br />
Menispermum canadense L. 2 common moonseed N, P<br />
Mentha arvensis L. 2 wild mint N, P<br />
Mentha spicata L. spearmint I, P, W, IN Phillips 403 TN<br />
Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) 2 [aquatica X spicata] I, P<br />
Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link1 Virginia bluebells N, P<br />
- 244 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus 2<br />
Nepalese browntop<br />
I, A, W, IN<br />
Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. 2 claspleaf pennycress I, A<br />
Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. 2 Florida Keys hempvine N, P<br />
Mikania sc<strong>and</strong>ens (L.) Willd. climbing hempvine N, P, W, IN Phillips 1213 MS<br />
Mimosa microphylla Dry. littleleaf sensitivebriar N, P Hatch 9388 MS<br />
Mimulus alatus Ait. sharpwing monkeyflower N, P Phillips 636 MS<br />
Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 2 pitcher's stitchwort N, A<br />
Minuartia uni<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Mattf. 1 oneflower stitchwort N, A<br />
Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2 heartleaf four o'clock N, P, W<br />
Mitchella repens L. partridgeberry N, P Phillips 511 TN<br />
Mitella diphylla L. 2 twoleaf miterwort N, P<br />
Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Carolina bristlemallow N, A/B/P Hatch 9094a MS<br />
Mollugo verticillata L. green carpetweed N, A, W Phillips 596 MS<br />
Monarda bradburiana Beck1 eastern beebalm N, P<br />
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. lemon bee balm N, A/B/P Hatch 9457 MS<br />
Monarda clinopodia L. 2 white bergamot N, P<br />
Monarda fistulosa L. wild bergamot N, P Phillips 1135 TN<br />
Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims2 redpurple beebalm N, P<br />
Monotropa hypopithys L. 1 pinesap N, P<br />
Monotropa uni<strong>flora</strong> L. Indianpipe N, P Kruse1554 MS<br />
Montia linearis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene2 narrowleaf minerslettuce N, A<br />
Morella cerifera (L.) Small wax myrtle N, P Phillips 736 MS<br />
Morus alba L. white mulberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 350 TN<br />
Morus rubra L. red mulberry N, P Hatch 9798 MS<br />
- 245 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. 2<br />
wirestem muhly<br />
N, P, W<br />
Muhlenbergia glabri<strong>flora</strong> Scribn. 2 inl<strong>and</strong> muhly N, P<br />
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. nimblewill N, P, W, IN Hatch 9126 MS<br />
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. 2 rock muhly N, P<br />
Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> muhly N, P<br />
Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. 2 wartremover herb I, P, W, IN<br />
Muscari botryoides (L.) P. Mill. 2 common grape hyacinth I, P<br />
Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. 1 starch grape hyacinth I, P<br />
Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. 2 largeseed forget-me-not N, A<br />
Myosotis verna Nutt. spring forget-me-not N, A/B Phillips 911 TN<br />
Myosurus minimus L. 2 tiny mousetail N, A, W<br />
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. 2 parrot fea<strong>the</strong>r watermilfoil I, P, W, IN<br />
Myriophyllum spicatum L. spike watermilfoil I, P, W, IN Phillips 602 MS<br />
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus2 sou<strong>the</strong>r waternymph N, A<br />
Najas minor All. 2 brittle waternymph I, A<br />
N<strong>and</strong>ina domestica Thunb. 2 sacred bamboo I, P<br />
Narcissus poeticus L. 2 poet's narcissus I, P<br />
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil I, P Hatch 8786 MS<br />
Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. 2 needleleaf navarretia N, A<br />
Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora 2 creeping lovegrass N, A<br />
Nelumbo lutea Willd. American lotus N, P Phillips 564 MS<br />
Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt small flowered baby blue eyes N, A Hatch 8785 MS<br />
Nepeta cataria L. 1 catnip I, P, W<br />
Nic<strong>and</strong>ra physalodes (L.) Pers. apple <strong>of</strong> Peru I, A, W Phillips 589 MS<br />
- 246 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Nigella damascena L. 2<br />
devil in <strong>the</strong> bush<br />
I, A<br />
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt crowpoison N, P Phillips 778 AL<br />
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. yellow cowlily N, P Phillips 564 MS<br />
Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton Canada toadflax N, A/B, W Hatch 8760 MS<br />
Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton1 Texas toadflax N, A/B<br />
Nymphaea odorata Ait. American waterlily N, P, W, IN Phillips 695 MS<br />
Nyssa aquatica L. water tupelo N, P Phillips 702 MS<br />
Nyssa bi<strong>flora</strong> Walt. 1 swamp tupelo N, P<br />
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. blackgum N, P Phillips 649 MS<br />
Obolaria virginica L. 1 Virginia pennywort N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra biennis L. common evening primrose N, P, W Phillips 306 TN<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra fruticosa L. subsp. fruticosa1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra fruticosa L. subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra laciniata Hill. cutleaf evening primrose N, A/P Hatch 9137 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra linifolia Hill. threadleaf evening primrose N, A Phillips 982 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra pilosella Raf. 1 meadow evening primrose N, P<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra speciosa Nutt. showy evening primrose N, P, W Hatch 9268 MS<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra triloba Nutt. 2 stemless evening primrose N, A/B<br />
Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia uni<strong>flora</strong> L. 1 clustered mille graines N, A<br />
Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum1 stiff goldenrod N, P<br />
Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive fern N, P Kruse 1004 MS<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. bejariense 2 s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed N, P<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. hispidissimum (Mackenzie)<br />
B.L. Turner 2<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed N, P<br />
- 247 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mackenzie)<br />
B.L. Turner 2<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t-hair marbleseed<br />
N, P<br />
Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl2 limestone adderstongue N, P<br />
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. sou<strong>the</strong>rn adderstongue N, P Hatch 9368 MS<br />
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. bristle basketgrass N, A/P Phillips 718 MS<br />
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 1 Barbary fig I, P<br />
Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2 devil's-tongue N, P<br />
Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely2 Sampson's snakeroot N, P<br />
Orbexilum pedunculatum (P.Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Sampson's snakeroot N, P Hatch 9313 MS<br />
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 2 sleepydick I, P, W<br />
Orobanche uni<strong>flora</strong> L. 2 oneflowered broomrape N, A<br />
Orontium aquaticum L. 1 goldenclub N, P<br />
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke 2 Clayton's sweetroot N, P<br />
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1 longstyle sweetroot N, P<br />
Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern N, P Kruse 1558 MS<br />
Osmunda claytoniana L. 2 interrupted fern N, P<br />
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray2 royal fern N, P<br />
Ostrya virginiana (P.Mill.) K.Koch hophornbeam N, P Hatch 9143 MS<br />
Oxalis corniculata L. creeping woodsorrel N, A/P Phillips 1193 AL<br />
Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 2 slender yellow woodsorrel N, P<br />
Oxalis gr<strong>and</strong>is Small2 great yellow woodsorrel N, A<br />
Oxalis priceae Small2 tufted yellow woodsorrel N, P<br />
Oxalis rubra St.-Hil. windowbox woodsorrel I, P Hatch 9103 MS<br />
Oxalis stricta L. common yellow oxalis N, P, W, IN Phillips 323 TN<br />
- 248 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Hatch 8732 MS<br />
Oxalis violacea L.<br />
violet woodsorrel<br />
N, P<br />
Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. sourwood N, P Phillips 510 TN<br />
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. stiff cowbane N, P Phillips 473 TN<br />
Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra procumbens Michx. 1 Allegheny spurge N, P<br />
Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve1 Small's ragwort N, P<br />
Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve1 golden ragwort N, P<br />
Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey butterweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 792 MS<br />
Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve 2 roundleaf ragwort N, P<br />
Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.& D. Löve balsam groundsel N, P Phillips 930 TN<br />
Packera tomentosa (Michx.) C. Jeffrey 2 woolly ragwort N, P<br />
Panax quinquefolius L. 1 American ginseng N, P, R (TN)<br />
Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum N, P Phillips 718 MS<br />
Panicum capillare L. 2 witchgrass N, A, W<br />
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum N, A, W Phillips 690 MS<br />
Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. wiry witchgrass N, A Hatch 9826 MS<br />
Panicum gattingeri Nash 2 Gattinger's panicum N, A<br />
Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. 2 Philadelphia witchgrass N, A<br />
Panicum repens L. torpedograss N, P, W, IN Hatch 9266 MS<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. elongatum (Pursh) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum 2 redtop panicum N, P<br />
Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass N, P, W Phillips 552 AL<br />
Papaver dubium L. 2 blindeyes I, A<br />
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 2 Pennsylvania pellitory N, A<br />
- 249 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Parnassia caroliniana Michx. 1<br />
Carolina grass <strong>of</strong> Parnassus N, P<br />
Parnassia gr<strong>and</strong>ifolia DC. 1 largeleaf grass <strong>of</strong> Parnassus N, P, R (TN)<br />
Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood 2 smooth forked nailwort N, A<br />
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. 2 hairy forked nailwort N, A<br />
Par<strong>the</strong>nium integrifolium L. 1 wild quinine N, P<br />
Par<strong>the</strong>nocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch Virginia creeper N, P, W Phillips 712 MS<br />
Paspalum almum Chase Comb's crowngrass I, P Hatch 9895 MS<br />
Paspalum boscianum Fluggé bull paspalum N, A Hatch 10038 AL<br />
Paspalum convexum Humb.& Bonpl ex Flueggé. Mexican paspalum I, A Hatch 9850 MS<br />
Paspalum dilitatatum Poir. dallisgrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 339 TN<br />
Paspalum dissectum (L.)L. 2 mudbank paspalum N, P<br />
Paspalum distichum L. 2 knotgrass N, P<br />
Paspalum floridanum Michx. Florida paspalum N, P Phillips 610 MS<br />
Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth 2 water paspalum N, A<br />
Paspalum laeve Michx. roundseed paspalum N, P Hatch 9885 MS<br />
Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 319 TN<br />
Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed paspalum N, P Phillips 326 TN<br />
Paspalum setaceum Michx. thin paspalum N, P Phillips 437 TN<br />
Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass I, P, W Phillips 614 MS<br />
Paspalum virgatum L. seashore paspalum N, P Phillips 611 MS<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> edulis Sims2 purple granadilla I, P<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> incarnata L. purple passionflower N, P, W Phillips 307 TN<br />
Passi<strong>flora</strong> lutea L. 2 yellow passionflower N, P, W<br />
Pastinaca sativa L. 2 wild parsnip I, B/P, W, IN<br />
- 250 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.<br />
princess tree<br />
I, P<br />
Phillips 413 TN<br />
Pedicularis canadensis L. Canadian louseweed N, P Phillips 861 TN<br />
Pediomelum subacaule (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. 2 whiterim scurfpea N, P<br />
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake N, P Kruse1157 AL<br />
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. 1 pearl millet I, A/P, W, IN<br />
Penstemon alluviorum Pennell1 lowl<strong>and</strong> beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon calycosus Small1 longsepal beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon canescens (Britt.) Britt. 2 eastern gray beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims talus slope penstemon N, P Phillips 1019 MS<br />
Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 1 hairy beardtongue N, P<br />
Penstemon laevigatus Ait. eastern smooth beardtongue N, P Hatch 9734 MS<br />
Penstemon tenuiflorus Pennell1 eastern whiteflower beardtongue N, P<br />
Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop N, P Phillips 637 MS<br />
Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.) Reichenb. 2 eastern yampah N, P<br />
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. 1 beefsteakplant I, A, W, IN<br />
Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. fernleaf phacelia N, B Phillips 850 TN<br />
Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. var. interior Fern. 2 interior phacelia N, A<br />
Phacelia purshii Buckl. Miami mist N, A Phillips 810 TN<br />
Phalaris canariensis L. 2 annual canarygrass I, A<br />
Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina canarygrass N, A Hatch 9105 MS<br />
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash savannah panicum N, P Phillips 682 MS<br />
Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P. 1 thicket bean N, P<br />
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée broad beechfern N, P Kruse 1490 TN<br />
Phemeranthus calcaricus (Ware) Kiger2 limestone fameflower N, P<br />
- 251 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. 2<br />
streambank mock orange<br />
N, P<br />
Philadelphus inodorus L. scentless mock orange N, P Hatch 9053 MS<br />
Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. intectus (Beadle) A.H. Moore2 hoary mock orange N, P<br />
Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. pubescens2 hoary mock orange N, P<br />
Phleum pratense L. timothy I, P, W, IN Kruse 1497 TN<br />
Phlox amoena Sims hairy phlox N, P Phillips 852 TN<br />
Phlox amplifolia Britt. 2 largeleaf phlox N, P<br />
Phlox bifida Beck subsp. stellaria (Gray) Wherry2 cleft phlox N, P<br />
Phlox carolina L. thickleaf phlox N, P Hatch 8743b MS<br />
Phlox divaricata L. 1 wild blue phlox N, P<br />
Phlox glaberrima L. smooth phlox N, P Phillips 515 TN<br />
Phlox maculata L. 2 wild sweetwilliam N, P<br />
Phlox paniculata L. 2 fall phlox N, P<br />
Phlox pilosa L. subsp. pilosa1 downy phlox N, P<br />
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston oak mistletoe N, P Phillips 729 MS<br />
Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps1 red chokeberry N, P<br />
Phryma leptostachya L. American lopseed N, P Phillips 1161 TN<br />
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene lanceleaf frogfruit N, P Phillips 597 MS<br />
Phyla nodi<strong>flora</strong> (L.) Greene sawtooth frogfruit N, P Phillips 616 MS<br />
Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. 2 Carolina leaf-flower N, A<br />
Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 2 Mascarene Isl<strong>and</strong> leaf flower I, A<br />
Phyllanthus urinaria L. 2 chamber bitter I, A, W, IN<br />
Physalis angulata L. cutleaf ground cherry N, A, W Hatch 9793 MS<br />
Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchc. 2 smallflower groundcherry N, P<br />
- 252 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Physalis cordata P. Mill. 2<br />
heartleaf groundcherry<br />
N, A<br />
Physalis heterophylla Nees2 clammy groundcherry N, P, W<br />
Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronq. 2 longleaf groundcherry N, P, W<br />
Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall2 husk tomato N, A<br />
Physalis virginiana P. Mill. 2 Virginia groundcherry N, P<br />
Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2 common ninebark N, P<br />
Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino2 obedient plant N, P<br />
Phytolacca americana L. American pokeweed N, P, W Phillips 304 TN<br />
Pilea pumila (L.) Gray Canada clearweed N, A Phillips 480 TN<br />
Pinus echinata P. Mill. shortleaf pine N, P Hatch 9344 MS<br />
Pinus elliottii Engelm. 2 slash pine N, P<br />
Pinus glabra Walt. 1 spruce pine N, P<br />
Pinus palustris P. Mill. 2 longleaf pine N, P<br />
Pinus taeda L. loblolly pine N, P Phillips 765 AL<br />
Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia pine N, P Phillips 761 TN<br />
Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi blackseed needlegrass N, P Hatch 9399 MS<br />
Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt.var. graminifolia narrowleaf silkgrass N, P Phillips 1223 MS<br />
Plantago aristata Michx. largebracted plantain N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9639 MS<br />
Plantago lanceolata L. lanceleaf plantain I, A/B/P, W, IN Phillips 320 TN<br />
Plantago major L. common plantain N, P, W, IN Hatch 9567 MS<br />
Plantago patagonica Jacq. 2 woolly plantain N, A<br />
Plantago pusilla Nutt. 2 dwarf plantain N, A<br />
Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. redseed plantain N, A Hatch 8766 MS<br />
Plantago rugelii Dcne. 2 blackseed plantain N, P<br />
- 253 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Plantago virginica L.<br />
Virginia plantain<br />
N, A/B<br />
Hatch 9219 MS<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1 yellow fringed orchid N, P<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra clavellata (Michx.) Luer 2 small green wood orchid N, P<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra lacera (Michx.) G.Don green fringed orchid N, P Hatch 9668a MS<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra peramoena (Gray) Gray 1 purple fringeless orchid N, P<br />
Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore N, P Phillips 367 TN<br />
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham subsp.michauxiana<br />
(Wea<strong>the</strong>rby) Andrews & Windham<br />
resurrection fern N, P Kruse 1040 MS<br />
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. camphor weed N, P Phillips 606 MS<br />
Poa annua L. annual bluegrass I, A, W Phillips 755 TN<br />
Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Willd. autumn bluegrass N, P Kruse 1351 AL<br />
Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 2 Chapman's bluegrass N, A<br />
Poa compressa L. 2 Canada bluegrass I, P<br />
Poa cuspidata Nutt. 2 early bluegrass N, P<br />
Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass N/I, P, W, IN Kruse 1301 TN<br />
Poa sylvestris Gray 2 woodl<strong>and</strong> bluegrass N, P<br />
Podophyllum peltatum L. mayapple N, P Hatch 8730 MS<br />
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. 2 hornleaf riverweed N, P<br />
Polanisia dodec<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) DC. 2 redwhisker clammyweed N, A<br />
Polemonium reptans L. Greek valerian N, P Phillips 902 TN<br />
Polygala ambigua Nutt. 1 whorled milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala boykinii Nutt. 1 Boykin's milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala cruciata L. 1 drumheads N, A<br />
Polygala curtissii Gray Curtiss' milkwort N, A Phillips 1182 TN<br />
- 254 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Polygala incarnata L.<br />
procession flower<br />
N, A<br />
Phillips 674 MS<br />
Polygala mariana P. Mill. 1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. c<strong>and</strong>yroot N, A Hatch 9358 MS<br />
Polygala nuttallii Torr. & Gray2 Nuttall's milkwort N, A<br />
Polygala polygama Walt. 1 racemed milkwort N, B<br />
Polygala sanguinea L. purple milkwort N, A Hatch 9615 MS<br />
Polygala senega L. 1 Seneca snakeroot N, P<br />
Polygala verticillata L. var. verticillata2 whorled milkwort N, A<br />
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 578 MS<br />
Polygonum aviculare L. prostrate knotweed I, A, W Phillips 456 TN<br />
Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (de Bruyn) A.N. Steward2 Oriental ladysthumb N, A<br />
Polygonum cilinode Michx. 2 fringed black bindweed N, P<br />
Polygonum convolvulus L. 2 black bindweed I, A, W<br />
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese knotweed I, P, W, IN<br />
Polygonum erectum L. 2 erect knotweed N, A<br />
Polygonum glabrum Willd. denseflower knotweed N, A/P Hatch 9254 MS<br />
Polygonum hirsutum Walt. hairy smartweed N, P Hatch 9715 MS<br />
Polygonum hydropiper L. marshpepper knotweed I, A Phillips 420 TN<br />
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. swamp smartweed N, P Phillips 310 TN<br />
Polygonum lapathifolium L. curlytop knotweed N, A, W Hatch 9955 MS<br />
Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania knotweed N, A, W Phillips 591 MS<br />
Polygonum persicaria L. 2 spotted ladysthumb I, A/P, W, IN<br />
Polygonum punctatum Ell. 1 dotted ladysthumb N, A/P<br />
Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small2 bushy knotweed N, A<br />
- 255 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Polygonum sagittatum L.<br />
Polygonum sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason var. dumetorum (L.)<br />
Gleason 1<br />
arrowleaf heartthumb<br />
I, A/P<br />
climbing false buckwheat N, P<br />
- 256 -<br />
Phillips 1235<br />
Polygonum sc<strong>and</strong>ens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason2 var. cristatum<br />
(Engelm & Gray) Gleason<br />
climbing false buckwheat N, P<br />
Polygonum virginianum L. jumpseed N, A/P Phillips 347 TN<br />
Polymnia canadensis L. 1 whiteflower leafcup N, P<br />
Polypodium virginianum L. 2 rock polypody N, P<br />
Polypremum procumbens L. 1 juniper leaf N, A/P<br />
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Christmas fern N, P Kruse 908 TN<br />
Polytaenia nuttallii DC. 2 Nuttall's prairie parsley N, P<br />
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. hardy orange I, P, W, IN Hatch 9054 MS<br />
Pontederia cordata L. 2 pickerelweed N, P<br />
Populus alba L. 2 white poplar I, P, W, IN<br />
Populus deltoides Bertran ex Marsh. cottonwood N,P Phillips 391 TN<br />
Populus gr<strong>and</strong>identata Michx. 2 bigtooth aspen N, P<br />
Populus heterophylla L. 1 swamp cottonwood N, P<br />
Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. (pro sp.) 2 [alba x tremula] I, P<br />
Portulaca oleracea L. 2 little hogweed I, A, W, IN<br />
Potamogeton crispus L. 2 curly pondweed I, P<br />
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. waterthread pondweed N, P Hatch 9326 MS<br />
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. 2 leafy pondweed N, P<br />
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 2 longleaf pondweed N, P<br />
Potamogeton pusillus L. 2 small pondweed N, P<br />
MS
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Potentilla canadensis L. 1<br />
dwarf cinquefoil<br />
N, P<br />
Potentilla intermedia L. 2 downy cinquefoil I, P<br />
Potentilla norvegica L. subsp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. 1 Norwegian cinquefoil N, A/B/P<br />
Potentilla recta L. 1 sulfur cinquefoil I, P, W, IN<br />
Potentilla simplex Michx. common cinquefoil N, P Hatch 9432 MS<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s altissima L. tall rattlesnakeroot N, P Hatch 9875 MS<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s aspera Michx. 1 rough rattlesnakeroot N, P<br />
Prenan<strong>the</strong>s barbata (Torr. & Gray) Milstead 2 barbed rattlesnakeroot N, P<br />
Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung2 ram's horn N, A, W, IN<br />
Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don 2 yellow fairybells N, P<br />
Proserpinaca palustris L. 1 marsh mermaidweed N, P<br />
Prunella vulgaris L. common selfheal N, P, W, IN Phillips 301 TN<br />
Prunus americana Marsh. 1 American plum N, P<br />
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum N, P Phillips 503 TN<br />
Prunus caroliniana Ait. Carolina laurelcherry N, P Hatch 8737 MS<br />
Prunus hortulana Bailey2 hortulan plum N, P<br />
Prunus mahaleb L. 2 Mahaleb cherry I, P, W, IN<br />
Prunus mexicana S. Wats. 1 Mexican plum N, P<br />
Prunus munsoniana W. Wight & Hedrick1 wild goose plum N, P<br />
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch2 peach I, P<br />
Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina2 black cherry N, P<br />
Prunus umbellata Ell. hog plum N, P Phillips 504 TN<br />
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium(L.) Hilliard & Burtt subsp. obtusifolium rabbittobacco N, A Phillpis 440 TN<br />
Ptelea trifoliata L. 2 common hoptree N, P<br />
- 257 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller<br />
western brackenfern<br />
N, P, W<br />
Kruse 927 TN<br />
Pteris multifida Poir. spider brake I, P Hatch 8733 MS<br />
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. herbwilliam N, A Hatch 9548 MS<br />
Ptilimnium costatum (Ell.) Raf. 2 ribbed mock bishopweed N, A<br />
Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. 2 laceflower N, A<br />
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu I, P, W, IN Phillips 721 MS<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum albescens Torr. & Gray whiteleaf mountainmint N, P Phillips 369 TN<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum curvipes (Greene) E. Grant & Epling2 stone mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P. 1 Applachian mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum loomisii Nutt. 1 Loomis' mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum pycnan<strong>the</strong>moides (Leavenworth) Fern. 1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn mountainmint N, P<br />
Pycnan<strong>the</strong>mum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountianmint N, P Phillips 556 AL<br />
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Carolina desert chicory N, A/B, W Hatch 9760 MS<br />
Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear I, P, W, IN Phillips 764 AL<br />
Pyrus communis L. 2 common pear I, P, W, IN<br />
Quercus alba L. white oak N, P Phillips 703 MS<br />
Quercus bicolor Willd. swamp white oak N, P Phillips 882 TN<br />
Quercus coccinea Muenchh. scarlet oak N, P Hatch 9580 MS<br />
Quercus falcata Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P Phillips 542a AL<br />
Quercus imbricaria Michx. shingle oak N, P Hatch 10060 MS<br />
Quercus laurifolia Michx. 1 laurel oak N, P<br />
Quercus lyrata Walt. overcup oak N, P Phillips 508 TN<br />
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. bur oak N, P Phillips 544a AL<br />
Quercus maril<strong>and</strong>ica Muenchh. blackjack oak N, P Phillips 543a AL<br />
- 258 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Quercus michauxii Nutt.<br />
swamp chestnut oak<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 644 MS<br />
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. chinkapin oak N, P Phillips 1207 MS<br />
Quercus nigra L. water oak N, P Phillips 557 AL<br />
Quercus pagoda Raf. cherrybark oak N, P Hatch 10061 MS<br />
Quercus palustris Muenchh. 2 in oak N, P<br />
Quercus phellos L. willow oak N, P Phillips 500 TN<br />
Quercus prinus L. 1 chestnut oak N, P<br />
Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. 2 nor<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P<br />
Quercus rubra L. var. rubra2 nor<strong>the</strong>rn red oak N, P<br />
Quercus shumardii Buckl. 1 Shumard's oak N, P<br />
Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak N, P Phillips 459 TN<br />
Quercus texana Buckley Texas oak N, P Hatch 9598 MS<br />
Quercus velutina Lam. black oak N, P Phillips 545 AL<br />
Quercus virginiana P. Mill. 1 live oak N, P<br />
Ranunculus abortivus L. 1 littleleaf buttercup N, B/P<br />
Ranunculus acris L. tall buttercup N/I, P Phillips 1020 MS<br />
Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup I, P Phillips 298 TN<br />
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow early buttercup N, P Hatch 8736 MS<br />
Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt. 2 Harvey's buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan2 bristly buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 2 longbeak buttercup N, P<br />
Ranunculus macranthus Scheele showy buttercup N, P Phillips 782 MS<br />
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. rock buttercup N, P Phillips 746 TN<br />
Ranunculus muricatus L. 1 spinyfruit buttercup I, A/B/P<br />
- 259 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Ranunculus parviflorus L.<br />
smallflower buttercup<br />
I, A<br />
Hatch 8784 MS<br />
Ranunculus pusillus Poir. weak buttercup N, A Hatch 8769 MS<br />
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. blisterwort N, P Phillips 954 TN<br />
Ranunculus sardous Crantz hairy buttercup I, A/B/P, W Hatch 8692 MS<br />
Ranunculus sceleratus L. celeryleaf buttercup N, A Hatch 8692 MS<br />
Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish I, A/B, W Hatch 8799 MS<br />
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & St<strong>and</strong>l. 2 upright prairie coneflower N, P<br />
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. 1 pinnate prairie coneflower N, P<br />
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér alderleaf buckthorn N, P Hatch 10068 MS<br />
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh2 lanceleaf buckthorn N, P<br />
Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & Bostick Maryl<strong>and</strong>'s meadowbeauty N, P Phillips 438 TN<br />
Rhexia mariana L. var. mariana2 Maryl<strong>and</strong>'s meadowbeauty N, P<br />
Rhexia virginica L. 2 h<strong>and</strong>some Harry N, P<br />
Rhododendron alabamense Rehder Alabama azalea N, P Phillips 822 TN<br />
Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet mountain azalea N, P Phillips 819 TN<br />
Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners 2 pink azalea N, P<br />
Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais 2 early azalea N, P<br />
Rhus aromatica Ait. 2 fragrant sumac N, P<br />
Rhus copallinum L. flameleaf sumac N, P Phillips 387 TN<br />
Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac N, P Phillips 725 MS<br />
Rhus typhina L. 2 staghorn sumac N, P<br />
Rhynchosia difformis (Ell.) DC. 2 doubleform snoutbean N, P<br />
Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray1 prairie snoutbean N, P<br />
Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. var. tomentosa twining snoutbean N, P Phillips 1200 MS<br />
- 260 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Rhynchospora caduca Ell.<br />
anglestem beaksedge<br />
N, P<br />
Kruse 1024 MS<br />
Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl 2 brownish beaksedge N, P<br />
Rhynchospora compressa Carey ex Chapman flatfruit beaksedge N, A/P Hatch 9665 MS<br />
Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray shortbristle horned beaksedge N, P, W Phillips 992 MS<br />
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small var. globularis globe beaksedge N, P Kruse 1491 TN<br />
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl clustered beaksedge N, P Kruse 979 MS<br />
Rhynchospora rari<strong>flora</strong> (Michx.) Ell. fewflower beaksedge N, P Hatch 9650 MS<br />
Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral 1 globe beaksedge N, P<br />
Robinia hispida L. 2 bristly locust N, P<br />
Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust N, P, W, IN Phillips 318 TN<br />
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek watercress N, P Phillips 402 TN<br />
Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell 2 Fernald's yellowcress N, A/B/P<br />
Rorippa sessili<strong>flora</strong> (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 stalkless yellowcress N, A<br />
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. 1 creeping yellowcress I, P, W, IN<br />
Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. McCartney rose I, P, W, IN Hatch 9754b MS<br />
Rosa canina L. 2 dog rose I, P<br />
Rosa carolina L. Carolina rose N, P Hatch 9193 MS<br />
Rosa eglanteria L. 2 sweetbriar rose I, P<br />
Rosa laevigata Michx. 1 Cherokee rose I, P<br />
Rosa multi<strong>flora</strong> Thunb. ex Murr. multiflower rose I, P, W, IN Phillips 952 TN<br />
Rosa palustris Marsh. 1 swamp rose N, P<br />
Rosa setigera Michx. 1 climbing rose N, P<br />
Rosa virginiana P. Mill. Virginia rose N, P Phillips 951 TN<br />
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne2 lowl<strong>and</strong> rotala N, A, W<br />
- 261 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex L.H. Bailey<br />
Allegheny blackberry<br />
N, P<br />
Hatch 9060 MS<br />
Rubus argutus Link1 sawtooth blackberry N, P, W, IN<br />
Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt. 2 Himalayan berry I, P<br />
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh1 s<strong>and</strong> blackberry N, P<br />
Rubus flagellaris Willd. nor<strong>the</strong>rn dewberry N, P Phillips 1018 MS<br />
Rubus occidentalis L. 2 black raspberry N, P<br />
Rubus trivialis Michx. sou<strong>the</strong>rn dewberry N, P, W Hatch 8751 MS<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. fulgida orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9588 MS<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. speciosa (Wenderoth) Perdue orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9119 MS<br />
Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. umbrosa (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq. orange coneflower N, P Phillips 479 TN<br />
Rudbeckia hirta L. var. hirta 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P<br />
Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P<br />
Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata 2 cutleaf coneflower N, P<br />
Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh sweet coneflower N, P Phillips 685 MS<br />
Rudbeckia triloba L. 1 browneyed Susan N, P<br />
Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. subsp. caroliniensis var. caroliniensis 2 Carolina wild petunia N<br />
Ruellia humilis Nutt. 2 fringeleaf wild petunia N, P<br />
Ruellia strepens L. limestone wild petunia N, P Hatch 9466 MS<br />
Rumex acetosella L. 1 common sheep sorrell I, P, W<br />
Rumex altissimus Wood pale dock N, P Phillips 914 TN<br />
Rumex chrysocarpus Moris2 amamastla N, P<br />
Rumex conglomeratus Murr. 2 clustered dock I, P<br />
Rumex crispus L. curly dock I, P, W Hatch 9131 MS<br />
Rumex hastatulus Baldw. heartwing sorrel N, P Phillips 837 TN<br />
- 262 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Rumex obtusifolius L. 2<br />
bitter dock<br />
I, P, W<br />
Rumex patientia L. 1 patience dock I, P<br />
Rumex pulcher L. fiddle dock I, P Hatch 9221 MS<br />
Rumex verticillatus L. 2 swamp dock N, P<br />
Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. dwarf palmetto N, P photograph<br />
Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. rosepink N, A Hatch 9675 MS<br />
Sabatia brachiata Ell. narrowleaf rose gentian N, B Phillips 1167 TN<br />
Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. 2 slender rose gentian N, P<br />
Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. 2 silver plumegrass N, P<br />
Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. brevibarbe shortbeard plumegrass N, P Phillips 629 MS<br />
Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. contortum (Ell.) R. Webster shortbeard plumegrass N, P Hatch 9916 MS<br />
Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. sugarcane plumegrass N, P Phillips 620 MS<br />
Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase glenwood grass I, P Phillips 699 MS<br />
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray1 trailing pearlwort N, A<br />
Sagina procumbens L. 2 birdeye pearlwort I, P<br />
Sagittaria australis (J.G. Sm.) Small 2 longbeak arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush shortbeak arrowhead N, P Hatch 9951 MS<br />
Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 2 hooded arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. 2 Engelmann's arrowhead N, P<br />
Sagittaria latifolia L. broadleaf arrowhead N, P, W Phillips 514 TN<br />
Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. giant arrowhead I, P, W Phillips 543b AL<br />
Salix caroliniana Michx. coastal plain willow N, P Phillips 390 TN<br />
Salix cinerea L. 2 large gray willow I, P<br />
Salix eriocephala Michx. 2 Missouri river willow N, P<br />
- 263 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis2 prairie willow<br />
N, P<br />
Salix humilis Marsh. var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs1 prairie willow N, P<br />
Salix interior Rowlee2 s<strong>and</strong>bar willow N, P<br />
Salix nigra Marsh. black willow N, P Phillips 312 TN<br />
Salix sericea Marsh. 2 silky willow N, P<br />
Salix x pendulina Wenderoth2 [fragilis x ?sepulcralis] I, P<br />
Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai2 [alba x ?pendulina] I, P<br />
Salsola tragus L. 2 prickly Russian thistle I, A, W, IN<br />
Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf sage N, P, W Hatch 8727 MS<br />
Salvia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 2 kitchen sage I, P<br />
Salvia reflexa Hornem. 2 lanceleaf sage N, A, W<br />
Salvia urticifolia L. 1 nettleleaf sage N, P<br />
Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli common elderberry N, P Phillips 409 TN<br />
Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa red elderberry N, P Phillips 1130 TN<br />
Samolus valer<strong>and</strong>i L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén2 seaside brookweed N, P<br />
Sanguinaria canadensis L. bloodroot N, P Hatch 8808 MS<br />
Sanicula canadensis L. 1 Canadian blacksnakeroot N, B<br />
Sanicula maril<strong>and</strong>ica L. 2 Maryl<strong>and</strong> sancile N, P<br />
Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe clustered blacksnakeroot N, A Phillips 377 TN<br />
Sanicula smallii Bickn. 2 Small's blacksnakeroot N, B/P<br />
Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. 2 largefruit blacksnakeroot N, P<br />
Sapindus saponaria L. var. saponaria2 wingleaf soapberry N, P<br />
Saponaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. 1 bouncingbet I, P, W, IN<br />
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafrasl N, P Phillips 343 TN<br />
- 264 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Saururus cernuus L.<br />
lizard's tail<br />
N, P, W<br />
Hatch 9331 MS<br />
Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. early saxifrage N, P Phillips 754 TN<br />
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. 2 meadow fescue I, P<br />
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium little bluestem N, P Hatch 9831 MS<br />
Schoenolirion croceum (Michx.) Wood 2 yellow sunnybell N, P<br />
Scirpus atrovirens Willd. green bulrush N, P Hatch 9554 MS<br />
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth bulrush N, P Kruse 916 TN<br />
Scirpus georgianus Harper Georgia bulrush N, P Hatch 9352 MS<br />
Scirpus lineatus Michx. drooping bulrush N, P Hatch 9463 MS<br />
Scirpus pendulus Muhl. 2 rufous bulrush N, P<br />
Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl leafy bulrush N, P Kruse 931 TN<br />
Scleria ciliata Michx. fringed nutrush N, P Hatch 9378 MS<br />
Scleria oligantha Michx. littlehead nutrush N, P Hatch 9303 MS<br />
Scleria pauci<strong>flora</strong> Muhl. ex Willd. var. pauci<strong>flora</strong> fewflower nutrush N, P Hatch 9382 MS<br />
Scleria triglomerata Michx. 2 whip nutrush N, P<br />
Scrophularia maril<strong>and</strong>ica L. 2 carpenter's square N, P<br />
Scutellaria bushii Britt. Bush's skullcap N, P Phillips 1144 MS<br />
Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. var. hirsuta (Short & Peter) Fern. 2 hairy skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria incana Biehler var. australis (Epling) Collins hoary skullcap N, P Phillips 576 MS<br />
Scutellaria incana Biehler var. incana2 hoary skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria integrifolia L. helmetflower N, P Hatch 9294 MS<br />
Scutellaria lateri<strong>flora</strong> L. 1 blue skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria nervosa Pursh1 veiny skullcap N, P<br />
Scutellaria ovata Hill subsp. ovata2 heartleaf skullcap N, P<br />
- 265 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett2 small skullcap<br />
N, P<br />
Scutellaria siphocampyloides Vatke2 grayleaf skullcap N, P<br />
Secale cereale L. 2 cereal rye I, A, W<br />
Securigera varia L. Lassen purple crownvetch I, P, W, IN Phillips 388 TN<br />
Sedum pulchellum Michx. widowscross N, A/B Phillips 847 TN<br />
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 2 stringy stonecrop I, P<br />
Sedum ternatum Michx. woodl<strong>and</strong> stonecrop N, P Kruse 1354 AL<br />
Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring meadow spikemoss N, P Hatch 8753 MS<br />
Senecio plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve prairie groundsel B/P Phillips 910 TN<br />
Senecio vulgaris L. 2 old-man-in-<strong>the</strong>-Spring I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby2 American senna N, P<br />
Senna maril<strong>and</strong>ica (L.) Link1 Maryl<strong>and</strong> senna N, P<br />
Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Java-bean N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10017 MS<br />
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link1 septicweed I, A/P, W<br />
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. 1 sickle senna I, P<br />
Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S.P. narrowleaf whitetop aster N, P Phillips 1185 TN<br />
Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory poisonbean N, P Phillips 605 MS<br />
Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh2 bigpod sesbania N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10014 MS<br />
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail bristlegrass I, A, W Phillips 382 TN<br />
Setaria parvi<strong>flora</strong> (Poir.)Kerguel. knotroot bristlegrass N, P, W Phillips 498 TN<br />
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pallidifusa<br />
(Schumacher) B.K. Simon<br />
yellow bristlegrass I, A, W, IN Hatch 9974 MS<br />
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pumila yellow bristlegrass I, A Phillips 623 MS<br />
Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis 2 green bristlegrass I, A, IN<br />
- 266 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sherardia arvensis L.<br />
blue field-madder<br />
I, A<br />
Hatch 8717 MS<br />
Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins1 Virginia winged rockcress N, A/B<br />
Sicyos angulatus L. 2 oneseed burr cucumber N, A, W<br />
Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray2 Elliot's fanpetals N, P<br />
Sida rhombifolia L. cuban jute N, A/P, W Hatch 9777 MS<br />
Sida spinosa L. prickly fan petals N, A/P, W Phillips 732 MS<br />
Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. subsp. lanuginosum2 gum bully N, P<br />
Sideroxylon lycioides L. 1 buckthorn bully N, P<br />
Silene antirrhina L. 2 sleepy silene N, A<br />
Silene latifolia Poir. 2 bladder campion I, B/P, W<br />
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. widowsfrill N, P Phillips 1177 TN<br />
Silene virginica L. firepink N, P Phillips 853 TN<br />
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke 2 maidenstears I, P, W<br />
Silphium asteriscus L. 2 starry rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium integrifolium Michx. wholeleaf rosinweed N, P Phillips 558 AL<br />
Silphium mohrii Small 2 Mohr's rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium perfoliatum L. cup plant N, P, W, IN Phillips 1153 TN<br />
Silphium radula Nutt. 1 roughstem rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. 1 prairie rosinweed N, P<br />
Silphium trifoliatum L. var. latifolium Gray whorled rosinweed N, P Phillips 555 AL<br />
Silphium trifoliatum L. var. trifoliatum whorled rosinweed N, P<br />
Sisymbrium <strong>of</strong>ficinale (L.) Scop. 1 hedgemustard I, A<br />
Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. white blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 730 MS<br />
Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. narrowleaf blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 1094 MS<br />
- 267 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn.<br />
eastern blue-eyedgrass<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 826 TN<br />
Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. prairire blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9093 MS<br />
Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. needletip blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9359 MS<br />
Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small1 hairy leafcup N, P<br />
Smilax auriculata Walt. earleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9367 MS<br />
Smilax biltmoreana(Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Biltmore's carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax bona-nox L. saw greenbriar N, P Hatch 9149 MS<br />
Smilax glauca Walt. cat greenbriar N,P Phillips 534 SL<br />
Smilax herbacea L. 1 smooth carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax hugeri (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Huger's carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax lasioneura Hook. 2 Blue Ridge carrionflower N, P<br />
Smilax laurifolia L. 1 laurel greenbriar N, P<br />
Smilax pumila Walt. sasparilla vine N, P Phillps 454 TN<br />
Smilax rotundifolia L. roundleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9881 MS<br />
Smilax smallii Morong lanceleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9920 MS<br />
Smilax tamnoides L. 2 bristly greenbriar N, P<br />
Smilax walteri Pursh 2 coral greenbriar N, P<br />
Solanum carolinense L. Carolina horsenettle N, P, W, IN Phillips 362 TN<br />
Solanum dulcamara L. 2 climbing nightshade I, P, W, IN<br />
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf nightshade N, P, W, IN Hatch 9967 MS<br />
Solanum nigrum L. 1 black nightshade I, A/P, W<br />
Solanum ptychanthum Dunal2 West Indian nightshade N, A, W, IN<br />
Solanum rostratum Dunal2 buffalobur nightshade N, A, W, IN<br />
Solanum triflorum Nutt. 2 cutleaf nightshade N, A, W<br />
- 268 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Solidago arguta Ait. var. caroliniana Gray 2<br />
Atlantic goldenrod<br />
N, P<br />
Solidago bicolor L. 1 white goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & Gray Canada goldenrod N, P, W Phillips 1218 MS<br />
Solidago curtisii Torr. & Gray mountain decumbent goldenrod N, P Phillips 442 TN<br />
Solidago discoidea Ell. 1 rayless mock goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago erecta Pursh1 showy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago flexicaulis L. 2 zigzag goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago gigantea Ait. giant goldenrod N, P Phillips 389 TN<br />
Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. 1 hairy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago juncea Ait. early goldenrod N, P Phillips 538b AL<br />
Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata Holz. 2 Missouri goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago nemoralis Ait. grey goldenrod N, P Phillips 431 TN<br />
Solidago odora Ait. 1 anisescented goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. 1 roundleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago roanensis Porter1 Roan Mountain goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq. 1 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fern. 2 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago rupestris Raf. 2 rock goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray1 showy goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago sphacelata Raf. 1 autumn goldenrod N, P<br />
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia elmleaf goldenrod N, P Phillips 368 TN<br />
Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pavón field soliva I, A, W, IN Hatch 8718 MS<br />
Sonchus arvensis L. 2 field sowthistle I, P, W, IN<br />
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sowthistle I, A, W, IN Hatch 8704 MS<br />
- 269 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sonchus oleraceus L. 2<br />
common sowthistle<br />
I, A, W, IN<br />
Sorghastrum elliottii (C. Mohr) Nash slender indiangrass N, P Hatch 10059 MS<br />
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash yellow indiangrass N, P, W Phillips 551 AL<br />
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench2 sorghum I, A, W, IN<br />
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 379 TN<br />
Sparganium americanum Nutt. American bur-reed N, P Kruse 1398 MS<br />
Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 2 prairie cordgrass N, P<br />
Spermacoce glabra Michx. 1 smooth false buttonweed N, P<br />
Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. longleaf wedgescale N, P Hatch 9078 MS<br />
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender wedgescale N, P Hatch 9065 MS<br />
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. shiny wedgescale N,P Kruse 1311 TN<br />
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata prairie wedgescale N, A/P Hatch 9318 MS<br />
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 swamp wedgescale N, P<br />
Spigelia maril<strong>and</strong>ica (L.) L. woodl<strong>and</strong> pinkroot N, P Hatch 9425 MS<br />
Spiraea japonica L. f. 2 Japanese meadowsweet I, P, W, IN<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s cernua (L.) L.C. Rich. 1 nodding ladies' tresses N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 2 nor<strong>the</strong>rn slender ladies' tresses N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s lucida (H.H. Eat.) Ames 1 shining ladies' tresses N, P, T (TN)<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s ovalis Lindl. 1 October ladies' tresses N, P<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s tuberosa Raf. little ladies' tresses N, P Phillips 426 TN<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s vernalis Engelm. & Gray spring ladies' tresses N, P Hatch 9898 MS<br />
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden giant duckweed N, P Hatch 9281 MS<br />
Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson dotted duckmeat N, P Phillips 701 MS<br />
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus 2 tall dropseed N, P<br />
- 270 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & G<strong>and</strong>hi 2 meadow dropseed<br />
N, P<br />
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. smutgrass N/I, A/P, W Phillips 553 AL<br />
Sporobolus neglectus Nash 2 puffsheath dropseed N, A<br />
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners 2 Ozark dropseed N, A<br />
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. vaginiflorus poverty dropseed N, A Hatch 9826a MS<br />
Stachys crenata Raf. 1 mousesear N, A/B/P<br />
Stachys cordata Riddell2 heartleaf hedgenettle N, P<br />
Stachys tenuifolia Willd. 1 smooth hedgenettle N, P<br />
Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut N, P Phillips 970 AL<br />
Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash gaping panicum N, P Phillips 609 MS<br />
Stellaria corei Shinners 2 Tennessee starwort N, P<br />
Stellaria fontinalis (Short & Peter) B.L. Robins. 2 American water starwort N, P<br />
Stellaria graminea L. grasslike starwort I, P Phillips 798 TN<br />
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media common chickweed I, A/P, IN Phillips 747 TN<br />
Stellaria pubera Michx. star chickweed N, P Phillips 855 TN<br />
Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong 1 eastern fea<strong>the</strong>rbells N, P<br />
Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans2 diamondflowers N, P<br />
Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Wea<strong>the</strong>rby mountain camellia N, P Hatch 9447 MS<br />
Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. 1 amberique-bean N, A<br />
Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper2 slickseed fuzzybean N, A<br />
Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt. pink fuzzybean N, P Phillips 425 TN<br />
Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapman1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn dawnflower N, P<br />
Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 2 celadine poppy N, P<br />
Stylosan<strong>the</strong>s bi<strong>flora</strong> (L.) B.S.P. sidebeak pencilflower N, P Phillips 496 TN<br />
- 271 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Styrax americanus Lam. 1<br />
American snowbell<br />
N, P<br />
Styrax gr<strong>and</strong>ifolius Ait. bigleaf snowbell N, P Phillips 487 TN<br />
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coralberry N, P Phillips 366 TN<br />
Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom manyray aster N, P Phillips 1236 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) Nesom1 eastern silver aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom1 common blue wood aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom sou<strong>the</strong>rn annual saltmarsh aster N, A/B Hatch 10046 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom var. drummondii 2 Drummond's aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom var. dumosum1 rice button aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom white heath aster N, P Hatch 9821 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.&D. Löve var. laeve smooth blue aster N, P Hatch 9858 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom subsp. lanceolatum white panicle aster N, P Hatch 9979 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D. Löve var. lateriflorum calico aster N, P Hatch 10002 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom 1 New Engl<strong>and</strong> aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom 2 aromatic aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Weig.) Nesom bottoml<strong>and</strong> aster N, P Hatch 9950 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Nesom var. oolentangiense 1 skyblue aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. gracile (Hook.) Nesom late purple aster N, P Phillips 1228 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. patens late purple aster N, P Hatch 10009 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum hairy white oldfield aster N, P Phillips 711 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum 1 willowleaf aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides(Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom crookedstem aster N, P Hatch 9856 MS<br />
Symphyotrichum priceae (Britt.) Nesom 2 lavender oldfield aster N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Ell.) Nesom smooth white oldfield aster N, P<br />
- 272 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom1 Short's aster<br />
N, P<br />
Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom waxyleaf aster N, P Hatch 10049 MS<br />
Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. 1 common sweetleaf N, P<br />
Syn<strong>and</strong>ra hispidula (Michx.) Britt. 2 Guy<strong>and</strong>otte beauty N, P<br />
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude yellow pimpernel N, P<br />
Tanacetum par<strong>the</strong>nium (L.) Schultz-Bip. feverfew I, P Phillips 838 TN<br />
Tanacetum vulgare L. 1 common tansy I, P, W, IN<br />
Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. 2 rock d<strong>and</strong>elion I, P<br />
Taraxacum <strong>of</strong>ficinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers common d<strong>and</strong>elion N/I, P, W Phillips 330 TN<br />
Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. bald cypress N, P Phillips 1013 MS<br />
Tephrosia spicata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray1 spiked hoarypea N, P<br />
Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. 1 Virginia <strong>the</strong>phrosia N, P<br />
Teucrium canadense L. Canada germ<strong>and</strong>er N, P, W Phillips 1144 TN<br />
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lal purple meadowrue N, P Phillips 361 TN<br />
Thalictrum dioicum L. early meadowrue N, P Hatch 9323 MS<br />
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh2 king <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meadow N, P<br />
Thalictrum revolutum DC. waxyleaf meadowrue N, P Hatch 9330 MS<br />
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivins rue anemone N, P Phillips 813 TN<br />
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. hairyjoint meadowparsnip N, P Hatch 9462 MS<br />
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum Britt. 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P<br />
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. trifoliatum 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P<br />
Thelypteris hispidula (Dcne.) C.F. Reed var. versicolor (R. St. John) Lellinger rough hairy maidenfern N, P Hatch 9814 MS<br />
Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton Kunth's maidenfern N, P Kruse 1037 MS<br />
Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York fern N, P Kruse 1500 TN<br />
- 273 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. 2<br />
eastern marsh fern<br />
N, P<br />
Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 2 Aaron's rod N, P<br />
Thlaspi arvense L. 2 field pennycress I, A, W, IN<br />
Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (Dur.) Jalas2 creeping thyme I, P<br />
Tiarella cordifolia L. heartleaf foamflower N, P Phillips 862 TN<br />
Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. 2 American basswood N, P<br />
Till<strong>and</strong>sia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish moss N, P Phillips 720 MS<br />
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. cripple cranefly N, P Phillips 722 MS<br />
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 2 spreading hedgeparsley I, A<br />
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. erect hedgeparsley I, A Phillips 1141 TN<br />
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. 2 knotted hedgeparsley I, A<br />
Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Atlantic poison oak N, P Hatch 9970 MS<br />
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. radicans 2 eastern poisonivy N, P photograph<br />
Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze1 poison sumac N, P<br />
Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray climbing dogbane N, P Hatch 8788 MS<br />
Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small hairystem spiderwort N, P Phillips 297 TN<br />
Tradescantia hirsuti<strong>flora</strong> Bush1 hairyflower spiderwort N, P<br />
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. bluejacket N, P Hatch 9297 MS<br />
Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. 2 zigzag spiderwort N, P<br />
Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort N, P Hatch 9256 MS<br />
Tragia cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf noseburn N, P<br />
Tragopogon dubius Scop. 2 yellow salsify I, A/B, W, IN<br />
Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail2 Carolina bugbane N, P<br />
Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. whitenymph N, A Hatch 9730 MS<br />
- 274 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason 2<br />
lesser marsh St.Johnswort<br />
N, P<br />
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree I, P, W, IN Phillips 713 MS<br />
Trian<strong>the</strong>ma portulacastrum L. desert horsepurslane N, A/P, W Hatch 9796 MS<br />
Trichomanes boschianum Sturm Applachian bristlefern N, P, T (TN) Kruse 1367 MS<br />
Trichostema brachiatum L. 2 fluxweed N, A<br />
Trichostema dichotomum L. 1 forked bluecurls N, A<br />
Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. flavus 2 purpletop N, P<br />
Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike tridens N, P Phillips 633 MS<br />
Trifolium campestre Schreb. field clover I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 803 TN<br />
Trifolium dubium Sibthorp smallhop clover I, A Phillips 493 TN<br />
Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover I, A/P Hatch8776 MS<br />
Trifolium incarnatum L. crimson clover I, A, W Phillips 840 TN<br />
Trifolium pratense L. red clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 305 TN<br />
Trifolium reflexum L. 2 buffalo clover N, A/B<br />
Trifolium repens L. var. repens white clover I, P, IN Phillips 322 TN<br />
Trifolium resupinatum L. reversed clover I, A Hatch 9179 MS<br />
Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat. 1 running buffalo clover N, P<br />
Trillium cuneatum Raf. 2 little sweet Betsy N, P<br />
Trillium decumbens Harbison 2 trailing wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium erectum L. 1 red trillium N, P<br />
Trillium flexipes Raf. 1 nodding wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium ludovicianum Harbison1 Louisiana wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium maculatum Raf. 1 spotted wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium recurvatum Beck 2 bloody butcher N, P<br />
- 275 -
Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Trillium sessile L.<br />
toadshade<br />
N, P<br />
Phillips 769 AL<br />
Trillium stamineum Harbison1 Blue Ridge wakerobin N, P<br />
Trillium viride Beck wood wakerobin N, P Phillips 823 TN<br />
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. bi<strong>flora</strong> (Ruiz & Pavón) Bradley clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 8698 MS<br />
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 9092 MS<br />
Triosteum angustifolium L. yellowfruit horse-gentian N, P Phillips 906 TN<br />
Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 2 orangefruit horse-gentian N, P<br />
Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. 1 threebirds N, P<br />
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gammagrass N, P, W Phillips 608 MS<br />
Triticum aestivum L. 2 wheat I, A, W<br />
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 2 eastern hemlock N, P<br />
Typha angustifolia L. 2 narrowleaf cattail I, P<br />
Typha latifolia L. broadleaf cattail N, P, W Phillips 401 TN<br />
Ulmus alata Michx. winged elm N, P Phillips 450 TN<br />
Ulmus americana L. American elm N, P<br />
Ulmus pumila L. 2 Siberian elm I, P, W, IN<br />
Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery elm N, P Phillips 410 TN<br />
Ulmus serotina Sarg. 3 September elm N, P<br />
Ulmus thomasii Sarg. rock elm N, P Phillips 645 MS<br />
Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R. Webster browntop signalgrass N, A/P, W Hatch 10077 MS<br />
Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R. Webster broadleaf signalgrass N, A, W Phillips 595 MS<br />
Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen dixie signalgrass I, A, W Hatch 9790 MS<br />
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh heartleaf nettle N, A Phillips 448 TN<br />
Utricularia gibba L. conespur bladderwort N, A Hatch 8803 MS<br />
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Uvularia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Sm. 1<br />
largeflower bellwort<br />
N, P<br />
Uvularia perfoliata L. perfoliate bellwort N, P Phillips 864 TN<br />
Uvularia sessilifolia L. sessileleaf bellwort N, P Phillips 977 MS<br />
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. farkleberry N, P Phillips 949 TN<br />
Vaccinium corymbosum L. highbush blueberry N, P Phillips 957 AL<br />
Vaccinium elliottii Chapman Elliot's blueberry N, P Phillips 781 MS<br />
Vaccinium fuscatum Ait. 2 black highbush blueberry N, P<br />
Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Blue Ridge blueberry N, P Phillips 907 TN<br />
Vaccinium stamineum L. deerberry N, P Phillips 820 TN<br />
Valeriana pauci<strong>flora</strong> Michx. 2 largeflower valerian N, P<br />
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich2 narrowfruit cornsalad I, A<br />
Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat. 2 Lewiston cornsalad I, A<br />
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. beaked cornsalad N, A, W Phillips 776 AL<br />
Valerianella umbilicata (Sullivant) Wood2 navel cornsalad N, A<br />
Vallisneria americana Michx. American eelgrass N, P Kruse 1355 AL<br />
Veratrum virginicum (L.) Ait. f. 1 Virginia bunchflower N, P<br />
Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullien I, B, W Phillips 1175 TN<br />
Verbascum thapsus L. common mullien I, B, W, IN Phillips 1147 TN<br />
Verbena bonariensis L. 1 purpletop vervain I, A/B/P<br />
Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazilian vervain I, A, W, IN Phillips 619 MS<br />
Verbena halei Small1 Texas vervain N, P<br />
Verbena rigida Spreng. tuberous vervain I, P Hatch 9116 MS<br />
Verbena simplex Lehm. narrowleaf vervain N, P Phillips 525 AL<br />
Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia white vervain N, A Phillips 325 TN<br />
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Verbena xutha Lehm. 1<br />
Gulf vervain<br />
N, A<br />
Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney 1 wingstem N, P<br />
Verbesina helianthoides Michx. gravelweed N, P Hatch 9369 MS<br />
Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. 2 yellow crownbeard N, P<br />
Verbesina virginica L. 1 white crownbeard N, B/P<br />
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. subsp. gigantea giant ironweed N, P Hatch 10043 MS<br />
Vernonia missurica Raf. 1 Missouri ironweed N, P<br />
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. 2 New York ironweed N, P<br />
Veronica agrestis L. 2 green field speedwell I, A<br />
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 2 water speedwell N, B/P<br />
Veronica arvensis L. common speedwell I, A Phillips 772 AL<br />
Veronica hederifolia L. 2 ivyleaf speedwell I, A<br />
Veronica peregrina L. 1 neckweed N, A<br />
Veronica persica Poir. 2 birdeye speedwell I, A<br />
Veronica polita Fries gray field speedwell I, A Phillips 741 TN<br />
Veronica serpyllifolia L. 2 thymeleaf speedwell N/I, P, W, IN<br />
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. 1 Culver's root N, P<br />
Viburnum acerifolium L. 2 mapleleaf viburnum N, P<br />
Viburnum dentatum L. 2 sou<strong>the</strong>rn arrowwood N, P<br />
Viburnum nudum L. 1 possumhaw N, P<br />
Viburnum prunifolium L. blackhaw N, P Phillips 717 MS<br />
Viburnum rufidulum Raf. 1 rusty blackhaw N, P<br />
Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American deervetch N, P Hatch 8728 MS<br />
Vicia caroliniana Walt. Carolina vetch N, P Phillips 904 TN<br />
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Vicia cracca L. 1<br />
bird vetch<br />
I, P<br />
Vicia gr<strong>and</strong>i<strong>flora</strong> Scop. large yellow vetch I, A Hatch 8797 MS<br />
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray1 tiny vetch I, A<br />
Vicia minuti<strong>flora</strong> F.G. Dietr. pygmy flower vetch N, A Phillips 788 MS<br />
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. 3 garden vetch I, A Phillips 925 TN<br />
Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa2 winter vetch I, A/B/P<br />
Vicia villosa Roth var. varia (Host) Corb. winter vetch I, A/B/P Phillips 997 AL<br />
Vinca major L. 2 bigleaf periwinkle I, P, W, IN<br />
Vinca minor L. 2 common periwinkle I, P, W, IN<br />
Viola affinis Le Conte s<strong>and</strong> violet N, P Phillips 763 AL<br />
Viola arvensis Murr. 2 European field pansy I, A, W<br />
Viola bicolor Pursh field pansy N, A Phillips 742 TN<br />
Viola bl<strong>and</strong>a Willd. var. palustriformis Gray1 sweet white violet N, P<br />
Viola cucullata Ait. marsh blue violet N, P Phillips 773 AL<br />
Viola egglestonii Brainerd2 glade violet N, P<br />
Viola hastata Michx. 1 halberdleaf yellow violet N, P<br />
Viola labradorica Schrank American dog violet N, P Hatch 8746 MS<br />
Viola hirsutula Brainerd1 sou<strong>the</strong>rn woodl<strong>and</strong> violet N, P<br />
Viola missouriensis Greene2 Missouri violet N, A/P<br />
Viola pedata L. birdfoot violet N, P Phillips 913 TN<br />
Viola pubescens Ait. var. pubescens1 downy yellow violet N, P<br />
Viola rostrata Pursh2 longspur violet N, P<br />
Viola rotundifolia Michx. roundleaf yellow violet N, P Phillips 858 TN<br />
Viola sagittata Ait. var. sagittata2 arrowleaf violet N, P<br />
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Viola sororia Willd.<br />
common blue violet<br />
N, A/P<br />
Hatch 9213 MS<br />
Viola striata Ait. striped cream violet N, P Phillips 833 TN<br />
Viola tricolor L. 1 johnny jumpup I, A, W<br />
Viola tripartita Ell. 2 threepart violet N, P<br />
Viola x palmata L. (pro sp.) 1 [brittoniana or pedatifida x affinis or s N, P<br />
Viola x primulifolia L. (pro sp.) 1 [lanceolata × macloskeyi] N, P<br />
Vitex agnus-castus L. 2 lilac chastetree I, P<br />
Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis summer grape N, P Phillips 392 TN<br />
Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam2 summer grape N, P<br />
Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux2 graybark grape N, P<br />
Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. cinerea graybark grape N, P Hatch 9418 MS<br />
Vitis labrusca L. 1 fox grape N, P<br />
Vitis mustangensis Buckl. mustang grape N, P Hatch 9201 MS<br />
Vitis riparia Michx. riverbank grape N, P Phillips 566 MS<br />
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. muscadine grape N, P Phillips 492 TN<br />
Vitis rupestris Scheele2 s<strong>and</strong> grape N, P<br />
Vitis vulpina L. 1 frost grape N, P<br />
Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray brome fescue I, A Hatch 9263 MS<br />
Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. var. myuros rattail fescue I, A Hatch 9177 MS<br />
Vulpia octo<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern. 2 sixweeksgrass N, A<br />
Vulpia octo<strong>flora</strong> (Walt.) Rydb. var. octo<strong>flora</strong> annual fescue N, A Hatch 9784 MS<br />
Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. 2 Appalachian barren strawberry N, P<br />
Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. 2 Japanese wisteria I, P, W, IN<br />
Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. American wisteria N, P Hatch 9465 MS<br />
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State<br />
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC.<br />
Chinese wisteria<br />
I, P, W, IN<br />
Phillips 974 MS<br />
Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell 2 Brazilian watermeal N, P<br />
Wolffia columbiana Karst. 2 Columbian watermeal N, P<br />
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. 1 bluntlobe cliff fern N, P<br />
Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore netted chainfern N, P Kruse 1018 MS<br />
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith Virginia chainfern N, P Kruse 929 TN<br />
Xanthium spinosum L. 2 spiny cocklebur I, A, W<br />
Xanthium strumarium L.var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. 2 rough cocklebur N, A<br />
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. 1 yellowroot N, P<br />
Xyris caroliniana Walt. 1 Carolina yelloweyed grass N, P<br />
Xyris tennesseensis Kral 2 Tennessee yelloweyed grass N, P, E (F, AL, TN)<br />
Xyris torta Sm. 2 slender yelloweyed grass N, P<br />
Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 2 Oriental false hawksbeard I, A<br />
Yucca aloifolia L. aloe yucca N, P Hatch 9373 MS<br />
Yucca filamentosa L. 2 Adam's needle N, P<br />
Yucca gloriosa L. moundlily yucca N, P Hatch 9238 MS<br />
Zannichellia palustris L. 2 horned pondweed N, P<br />
Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 2 common pricklyash N, P<br />
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. toothache tree N, P Hatch 9197 MS<br />
Zea mays L. corn I, A, W Hatch 9784 MS<br />
Zizaniopsis milacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. giant cutgrass N, P Phillips 704 MS<br />
Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. meadow zizia N, P Phillips 863 TN<br />
Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch 1 golden zizia N, P<br />
Zizia trifoliata (Michx.) Fern. 2 meadow alex<strong>and</strong>ers N, P<br />
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- 282 -