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Ver. 19.3
May 18th, 2024

450.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35245; hybrids: 680
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)
450.5174 Genus Launaea Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 321 (1822)
Distribution: Canary Isl.; Mediterranean; trop. (21) and South Africa; West, South, East, and Southeast Asia; few to C-Asia and India
Species listed in database: 58
= Acanthosonchus (Sch.Bip.) Kirp.; Fl. Turkmen. 7: 326 (1960)
= Ammoseris Endl.; Gen. Pl.: 500 (1838), nom. superfl.
= Brachyramphus DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 176 (1838)
= Dianthoseris Sch.Bip.; Flora 25: 439 (1842)
= Heterachaena Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 74 (1839)
= Hexinia H.L.Yang; Fl. Desert. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 3: 472 (1992)
= Launaya Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 95 (1841), orth. var.
= Launea Endl.; Gen. Pl., Suppl. 1: 1388 (1841), orth. var.
= Lomatolepis Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 422 (1827)
= Microrhynchus Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos.: 139 (1832)
= Paramicrorhynchus Kirp.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 29: 236, 725 (1964)
= Rhabdotheca Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 424 (1827)
= Trachodes D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 182 (1830)
= Zollikoferia DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 183 (1838)
species :
Launaea acanthodes (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 350 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. acanthodes
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
32 TKM 34 IRN 35 SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus acanthodes (Boiss.) Kirp.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 29: 241 (1964)
= Launaea acanthodes f. pulverulenta (Rech.f.) Parsa; Fl. Iran 10: 204 (1980)
= Launaea acanthodes var. pulverulenta Rech.f.; Ergeb. Bot. Reise Iran 1937 4: 25 (1944)
= Zollikoferia acanthodes Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 827 (1875)
subspecies :
subsp. tomentella (Rech.f.) N.Kilian; Englera, 17:163 (1997)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badghys, Farah, Ghazni, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Wardak, Nimroz, Paktia / Khost, Zabul); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea tomentella Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 8: No. 2 (Symb. Afgh. II.) 202 (1955)
species :
Launaea acaulis (Hook.f.) Babc. ex Kerr; Craib, Fl. Thailand. Enum. 2: 299 (1936)
Distribution: Afghanistan; China (Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (widespread, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Darjeeling, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; N-Vietnam
34 AFG 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepis acaulis (Roxb.) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 396 (1881)
= Crepis tonkinensis Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 48 (1921)
= Hieracioides acaule (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 345 (1891)
= Lactuca glabra DC.; Wight, Contrib. 26 (1834)
= Lactuca rigida DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 135 (1838)
= Launaea glabra (DC.) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. II. 10: 42 (1887 publ. 1888)
= Launaea tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Babc. ex Kerr
= Microrhynchus acaulis (Hook.f.) Kurz; J. As. Soc. Beng. 46: (1877) II. 208
= Microrhynchus glaber Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.: t. 1145 (1846)
= Prenanthes acaulis Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 60, Fl. Ind. 3: 403 (1832)
= Prenanthes glabra (DC.) B.Heyne; Wall., Numer. List no. 3264 (1830)
= Prenanthes rigida Buch.-Ham.; Numer. List no. 3263 (1831), nomen
= Sonchus metzianus Sch.Bip. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 396 (1881)
= Youngia acaulis (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 193 (1838)
species :
Launaea almahrahensis N.Kilian; Englera 17: 339 (1997)
Distribution: Oman; S-Yemen
35 OMA YEM
species :
Launaea amal-aminiae N.Kilian; Englera 17: 346 (1997)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Libya; Mauritania; Saudi Arabia; Yemen
20 ALG LBY MOR WSA 22 MTN 35 SAU YEM
species :
Launaea angolensis N.Kilian; Englera 17: 128 (1997)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Launaea angustifolia (Desf.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 351 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. angustifolia
Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Iraq (S-Iraq); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut)
20 ALG EGY LBY TUN 34 IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 KUW SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus angustifolius (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 8 (1874)
= Launaea angustifolius (Desf.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 350 (1891)
= Launaea foxii (Post) Eig; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 63(1): 48 (1931)
= Launaya angustifolius (Desf.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 350 (1891)
= Rhabdotheca angustifolia (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 263 (1874)
= Sonchus angustifolius Desf.; Fl. Atl. 2: 225 (1799)
= Zollikoferia angustifolia (Desf.) Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 2: 254 (1855)
= Zollikoferia foxii Post; Fl. Syria: 19 (1896)
subspecies :
subsp. arabica (Boiss.) N.Kilian; Willdenowia 25(1): 274 (1995)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 ISR JOR SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea arabica (Boiss.) H.Lindb.; Itin. Mediterr. (Act. Soc. Sci. fenn. n. s. B 1: No. 2) 163 (1932)
= Zollikoferia arabica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 12 (1846)
= Zollikoferia angustifolia subsp. squarrosa (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 558 (1889)
= Zollikoferia arabica var. squarrosa (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie Tunisie: 216 (1904)
= Rhabdotheca squarrosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 263 (1875)
species :
Launaea arborescens (Batt.) Murb.; Lunds Univ. Arsskr. nov. ser., 19(I): 65 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. arborescens
Name: Strauch-Dornlattich (DE); Ahulaga (ES)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera); Morocco; Algeria; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Mauritania; Saudi Arabia (Asir)
12 BAL SPA 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY MDR 22 MTN 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca spinosa Lam.; Encyc. 3: 408 (1786)
= Launaea freyniana (Huter, Porta & Rigo ex Porta) Pau; Font Quer, Iter Marocc., No. 729 (1928 publ. 1927)
= Sonchus freynianus Huter, Porta & Rigo ex Porta; Atti Accad. Agiati. 9: 43 (1891 publ. 1892)
= Zollikoferia arborescens Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 35: 342 (1888), 891, et Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie Tunis 216 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. melanostigma (Pett.) Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.Duarte; Int. J. Geobot. Res. 7: 22 (2017)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea melanostigma Pett.; Comm. Biol., Hels. 22: No. 9 (Coll Vasc. Pl. C. Verde Isl.) 60 (1960)
species :
Launaea aspleniifolia (Willd.) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 415 (1881)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Lahore); Nepal; Bhutan; India (widespread, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos
40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 AND LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ammoseris asplenifolia (Willd.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 1319 (1847)
= Chondrilla aspleniifolia (Willd.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 2: 330 (1811)
= Hieracium dichotomum Roxb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 181 (1838)
= Microrhynchus aspleniifolius (Willd.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 181 (1838)
= Prenanthes aspleniifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1540 (1803)
= Prenanthes dichotoma Wall.; Numer. List no. 3275 (1831), nomen
= Rhabdotheca aspleniifolia (Willd.) Webb; Niger Fl.: 146 (1849)
species :
Launaea benadirensis Chiov.; Fl. Somala 1: 208 (1929)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea pumila Chiov.; Result. Sci. Miss. Stefan.-Paoli Somal. It. 1: 107 (1916) (non (Cav.) Kuntze (1891))
= Launaea benadirensis var. caulescens Chiov.; Fl. Somala 1: 208 (1929)
species :
Launaea bornmuelleri (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 226 (1939)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Zollikoferia bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. 6: 56 (1894)
species :
Launaea brunneri (Webb) Amin ex Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 59 (1962)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Togo; Cameroon; Central African Republic; W-Chad; Sudan
22 BKN MLI MTN SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 CHA SUD
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea chevalieri O.Hoffm. & Muschl.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: Mem. VIII. 118 (1910)
= Launaea integrifolia Hagerup; D. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk., Biol. Medd. 9: Iv. 56 (1930)
= Microrhynchus brunneri (Webb) Walp.; Ann. 2: 976 (1852)
= Rhabdotheca brunneri Webb; Hook. Niger Fl. 147 (1849)
= Rhabdotheca prenanthoides Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 286 (1867)
= Sonchus brunneri (Webb) Oliv. & Hiern; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 459 (1877)
= Sonchus chevalieri (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Dandy; P. W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 51 (1956)
= Zollikoferia prenanthoides (Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.) Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 459 (1877)
species :
Launaea cabrae (De Wild.) N.Kilian; Englera 17: 122 (1997)
subspecies :
subsp. cabrae
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca cabrae De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. V. 2: 217 (1907)
subspecies :
subsp. nanella (R.E.Fr.) N.Kilian; Englera 17: 127 (1997)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea nanella (R.E.Fr.) Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 58 (1962)
= Launaea rarifolia var. nanella (R.E.Fr.) G.V.Pope; Fl. Zambes. 6(1): 217 (1992)
= Sonchus nanellus R.E.Fr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod. Kongo.-Exped. 1911-12 1: 351 (1916)
species :
Launaea calmadowensis Baldesi & N.Kilian; Phytotaxa 501(1): 196 (2021)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy; Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 40 (1956)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Eritrea; Iraq (NW-Iraq, S-Iraq); Iran (E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar, Nangarhar); Israel (C-Israel, Negev Desert); Israel (Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert, E-Saudi Arabia); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Yemen); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Lahore, Peshawar); India (Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 22 MTN 24 CHA ERI SUD 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chondrilla capitata (Spreng.) Sieber ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 180 (1838)
= Launaea glomerata (Cass.) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 417 (1881)
= Lomatolepis glomerata Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 423 (1827), nom. superfl.
= Microrhynchus glomeratus (Cass.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(28): 105 (1848), nom. superfl.
= Sonchus capitatus Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 650 (1826)
= Zollikoferia glomerata (Cass.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 826 (1875)
species :
Launaea castanosperma F.G.Davies; Kew Bull. 33: 294 (1978)
Distribution: Oman (Dhofar)
35 OMA
species :
Launaea cervicornis (Boiss.) Font Quer & Rothm.; Sched. Fl. Iber. Select., Cent. 1: no. 99 (1934)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Prenanthes cervicornis Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 744 (1845)
= Sonchus cervicornis (Boiss.) Nyman; Syll. 38 (1855)
= Sonchus spinosus var. cervicornis (Boiss.) Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 2: 99 (1861)
species :
Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 18: 468 (1966)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 NGA 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca farinulenta (Chiov.) Cufod.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It., n. s. 50: 115 (1943)
= Launaea courtetiana O.Hoffm. & Muschl.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: Mem. VIII. 119 (1910)
= Launaea exauriculata (Oliv. & Hiern) Amin ex Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 59 (1962)
= Launaea farinulenta Chiov.; Atti Soc. Nat. Modena 64: 66 (1933), et Atti R. Accad. It., Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. etc. 11: (Pl. Nov. Aethiop.) 41(1940)
= Launaea virgata O.Hoffm. & Muschl.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: Mem. VIII. 119 (1910)
= Prenanthes somaliensis C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 18: 434 (1966)
= Sonchus bipontinii var. exauriculatus Oliv. & Hiern
= Sonchus bipontinii var. pinnatifidus Oliv. & Hiern
= Sonchus cornutus Hochst. ex Steud.; Nom. ed. 2, 2: 610, nomen, Oliv. & Hiern, in Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 459 (1840)
= Sonchus exauriculatus O.Hoffm.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 421 (1895)
= Sonchus kabarensis De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 463 (1932)
species :
Launaea crassifolia (Balf.f.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 18: 477 (1966)
Distribution: Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut)
24 SOC SOM 35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca crassifolia Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 11: 842 (1882)
= Lactuca kossmatii F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 303 (1906)
= Lactuca paulayana F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 304 (1906)
= Lactuca salehensis F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 305 (1906)
species :
Launaea crepoides Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 11: 842 (1882)
Distribution: Samha Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau; Bol. Soc. Arag. 16: 68 (1917)
subspecies :
subsp. fragilis
Distribution: E-Spain; Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya; Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti)
12 SPA 13 MLT PTL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus longilobus (Boiss. & Reut.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 7 (1874)
= Atalanthus resedifolius (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 8 (1874)
= Lactuca fragilis Asso; Syn. Stirp. Arag. 108 (1779)
= Launaea chondrilloides (Desf.) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 415 (1881)
= Launaea fragilis subsp. viminea (Lange) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15: 703 (2002)
= Launaea fragilis var. lucentica O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989)
= Launaea fragilis var. viminea (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989)
= Launaea longiloba (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 25: 308 (1934)
= Launaea resedifolia (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 351 (1891) (as ´Launaya´)
= Launaea resedifolia subsp. longiloba (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 845 (1934)
= Microrhynchus chondrilloides (Desf.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 277 (1876)
= Rhabdotheca longiloba Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 263 (1875)
= Scorzonera chondrilloides Pourr. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1505 (1803)
= Scorzonera resedifolia L.; Sp. Pl. App. 1198 (1753) emend. Coss., Pl. Crit. 120 (1851)
= Sonchus bocconei Jan ex DC.; Prod. 7: 183 (1838)
= Sonchus chondrilloides Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 226 (1799), nom. superfl.
= Zollikoferia chondrilloides (Desf.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 183 (1838)
= Zollikoferia longiloba Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 70 (1852)
= Zollikoferia resedifolia (L.) Coss.; Notes Crit. 120 (1849)
= Zollikoferia resedifolia var. viminea Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, ser. 2, 3: 99 (1861)
subspecies :
subsp. asirensis N.Kilian; Englera 17: 390 (1997)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen
35 SAU YEM
subspecies :
subsp. tenuiloba (Boiss.) Zareh & M.H.Mohamed; Feddes Repert. 127(1-2): 18 (2016)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Bahrain; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi); India (Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab)
20 EGY 34 CYP ISR LEB SIN 35 BAR OMA SAU 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea tenuiloba (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 351 (1891)
= Zollikoferia tenuiloba Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 50 (1849)
species :
Launaea gorgadensis (Bolle) N.Kilian; Willdenowia 18(1): 167 (1988)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sonchus bollei Sch.Bip. ex Bolle; Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 298 (1859)
= Sonchus gorgadensis Bolle; Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 298 (1859)
species :
Launaea hafunensis Chiov.; Fl. Somal. 1: 207 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Kenya; Tanzania; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen
24 DJI ETH SOC SOM 25 KEN TAN 35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea cufodontii Lanza; Miss. Biol. Borana, Racc. Bot., Angiosp.-Gymnosp. 272 (1939)
species :
Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve Ser. II. 2: 114 (1910)
Name: Achicoria azul; Wild lettuce
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Niger; Nigeria; Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Juan de Nova Isl.); Iles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., Farquhar Isl.); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Gilgit); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Guam [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I], Texas [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Navassa Isl. [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); Anguilla [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Trinidad [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I] (Atlántico [I], Bolívar [I], La Guajira [I]); Isla Margarita [I]; Peru [I]
20 EGY 21 CVI 22 BKN IVO MTN NGA NGR SEN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MOZ 27 BOT NAM SAF 29 ALD COM igl MCI MDG 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK SRL 62 gum 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos gua nic 81 aba agu aru bah bon cay cub cur his jam mts nav pue sba tci trt ven vir 82 clm 83 per
Synonyms: hidden
= Ammoseris surinamensis D.Dietr.; Syn. Plant. 4: 1319 (1847)
= Brachyramphus caribaeus DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 177 (1838)
= Brachyramphus goraeensis (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 177 (1838)
= Brachyramphus heyneanus (DC.) Wight; Icon. pl. Ind. orient. t. 1146 (1846)
= Brachyramphus intybaceus (Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 177 (1838)
= Brachyramphus schimperi Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 283, 307 (1867)
= Brachyrhamphus intybaceus (Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 177 (1838)
= Cicerbita intybacea (Jacq.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 434 (1822)
= Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 115, t. 282 (1850)
= Lactuca goraeensis (Lam.) Sch.Bip.; Flora 25: 422 (1842)
= Lactuca goraeensis var. effusa Chiov.; Ann. R. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 197 (1904)
= Lactuca goraeensis var. glomerata A.Terracc.; Ann. R. Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 106 (1893)
= Lactuca heyneana DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 140 (1838)
= Lactuca intybacea Jacq.; Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 713 (1784)
= Lactuca nubica Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 15: 725 (1841), nom. nud.
= Lactuca octophylla Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 15: 725 (1841), nom. nud.
= Lactuca pinnatifida (Lour.) Merr.; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. s. 24: II. 397 (1935)
= Lactuca runcinata DC.; Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 26 (1834)
= Lactuca virgata Tausch; Flora 12(1, Ergänzungsbl.): 36 (1829)
= Launaea goraeensis (Lam.) Hoffm.; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenf. 4 5: 370 (1893)
= Launaea runcinata DC.; Wight. Contrib. 26 (1834)
= Microrhynchus octophyllus (Sch.Bip.) Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 452 (1877)
= Microrhynchus surinamensis Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1842: 204 (1843)
= Phaenixopus intybaceus (Jacq.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 137 (1832)
= Prenanthes sonchifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1541 (1803)
= Scorzonera africana Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 5: 114 (1817)
= Scorzonera pinnatifida Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 479 (1790)
= Sonchus ciliatus Perr. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 177 (1838)
= Sonchus goraeensis Lam.; Encyc. 3: 397 (1786)
= Sonchus paniculatus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 191 (1838), nom. inval.
= Sonchus spachii Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 307 (1867)
= Sonchus taraxacifolius Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 649 (1826)
= Trachodes paniculata D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 182 (1830)
species :
Launaea korovinii (Popov) Popov ex Pavlov; Fl. Centr. 3: 360 (1938)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
32 KAZ TKM UZB 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhabdotheca korovinii (Popov) Kirp. ex Kovalevsk.; Fl. Uzbekist. 6: 479 (1962)
= Zollikoferia korovinii Popov; Bot. Mat. Herb. Glav. Bot. Sad. RSFSR 5: 37 (1924)
species :
Launaea lackii N.Kilian; Englera 17: 337 (1997)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Launaea lanifera Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona (Bot.) 1(3): 23 (1925)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea acanthoclada Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 119 (1926)
= Launaea spinosa subsp. acanthoclada (Maire) Ozenda; Fl. Sahara: 460 (1958), nom. inval.
= Sonchus spinosus var. commutatus Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 114 (1893)
species :
Launaea massauensis (Fresen.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 351 (1891)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Soqotra; Kenya; Iran (S-Iran); Jordania; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
20 EGY 24 DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN 34 IRN JOR 35 OMA SAU YEM 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachyramphus lactucoides T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. Bot. 5: Suppl. 1: 23 (1860)
= Heterachaena massauensis Fresen.; Mus. Senckenb. 3: 74 (1839)
= Lactuca massauiensis (Fresen.) Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 460 (1848)
= Launaea kuriensis F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 302 (1906)
= Launaea massaviensis (Fresen.) Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt 2: 1060 (1912), orth. var.
= Sonchus massauiensis (Fresen.) Sch.Bip.; Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 160 (1867)
= Zollikoferia massaueensis (Fresen.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 825 (1875) 4
species :
Launaea microcephala Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 415 (1881)
Distribution: Pakistan (Nanga Parbat, Baltistan, Skardu); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepis microcephala C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 415 (1881), nom. inval.
species :
Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl.; Man. Fl. Eg. 2: 1057 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. mucronata
Name: Bespitzter Dornlattich (DE); Cerrajilla (ES)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Eritrea; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, S-Saudi Arabia: Rub to Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 22 MTN 24 CHA ERI SUD 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus candolleanus (Jaub. & Spach) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 8 (1874)
= Cephalorrhynchus candolleanus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 820 (1875)
= Cicerbita candolleana (Jaub. & Spach) Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve Ser. II 2: 140 (1910)
= Lactuca candolleana (Jaub. & Spach) Holmboe; Studies Veg. Cy, 194 (1914)
= Launaea resedifolia subsp. mucronata (Forssk.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 366 (1937)
= Launaea resedifolia var. pulchella Pamp.; Agric. Colon. 22: 366 (1928)
= Launaea tenuiloba (Pomel) Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt 2: 1058 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Leontodon mucronatus Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 144 (1775)
= Rhabdotheca candolleana (Jaub. & Spach) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 263 (1874)
= Rhabdotheca tenuiloba Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 263 (1874)
= Sonchus candolleanus Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 110 (1847)
= Zollikoferia candolleana (Jaub. & Spach) Coss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 4, 4: 285 (1856)
= Zollikoferia candolleana (Jaub. & Spach) Coss. ex Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 8 (1874)
= Zollikoferia mucronata (Forssk.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 12 (1846)
= Zollikoferia tenuiloba (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Alger. (Dicot.) 557 (1889)
subspecies :
subsp. cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) N.Kilian; Willdenowia 25(1): 277 (1995)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Laghman, Nangarhar); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (N-Inner Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN 24 CHA SUD 34 AFG IRN SIN 35 QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) Burkill; List Fl. Pl. Baluchistan: 44 (1909), isonym
= Launaea cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891)
= Launaea cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt 2: 1058 (1912), isonym
= Rhabdotheca cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 286 (1867)
= Sonchus cassinianus Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 112, t. 280 (1848)
= Zollikoferia cassinianus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 822 (1875)
species :
Launaea nana (Baker) Chiov.; Result. Sci. Miss. Stef.-Paoli, Coll. Bot. 1: 108 (1916)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal)
22 BEN BKN GUI IVO MLI NGA SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca nana Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 17 (1895)
= Launaea elliotiana (Hiern) Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 58 (1962)
= Sonchus elliotianus Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. (Welw.) 1: 623 (1898)
= Sonchus nanus (Baker) O.Hoffm.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr., Theil C. 421 (1895) (non Sond. ex Harv. (1865))
species :
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 416 (1881)
Name: Nacktstängliger Dornlattich (DE); Cerrajilla (ES)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote, Tenerife, HIerro, Lanzarote); Benin; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Helmand, Kandahar); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
12 SPA 13 PEL SIC 20 EGY 21 CNY 22 BEN 24 CHA SUD 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ammoseris nudicaulis (L.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Plant. 4: 1319 (1847)
= Atalanthus nudicaulis (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 7 (1874)
= Chondrilla nudicaulis L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 278 (1771)
= Lactuca nudicaulis (L.) Murray; Novi Comment. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 3: 74 (1772)
= Lomatolepis nudicaulis (L.) Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 424 (1827)
= Microrhynchus nudicaulis (L.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos.: 139 (1832)
= Rhabdotheca chondrilloides Webb; Niger Fl.: 146 (1849)
= Rhabdotheca nudicaulis (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 262 (1874)
= Sonchus nudicaulis (L.) Sch.Bip.; Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2
= Sonchus reflexus Lag.; Elench. Pl.: 15 (1816)
= Zollikoferia nudicaulis (L.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 824 (1875)
variant :
var. divaricata (Desf.) Nebot, De La Torre, G.Mateo & Alcaraz; An. Biol. Fac. Biol. Univ. Murcia 16: 113 (1990)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Mauritania
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus divaricatus (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 7 (1874)
= Launaea divaricata (Desf.) Andrews; Ind. Hort. Bot. Univ. Budapest, 107 (1932)
= Microrhynchus nudicaulis var. divaricatus (Desf.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 181 (1838)
= Rhabdotheca divaricata (Desf.) Webb; Hook. Niger Fl. 146 (1849)
= Sonchus divaricatus Desf.; Ann. Mus. Par. 2: 212 (1803)
species :
Launaea oligocephala (Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Bornm.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31 2: 236 (1914)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Nanga Parbat)
34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Zollikoferia oligocephala Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Bornm.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. 6: 56 (1894)
species :
Launaea omanensis N.Kilian; Englera 17: 343 (1997)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Launaea petitiana (A.Rich.) N.Kilian; Englera 17: 231 (1997)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Yemen
24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca petitiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 462 (1848)
= Launaea nigricola C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 18: 470 (1966)
= Microrhynchus hochstetteri Sch.Bip.; nom. nud.
= Sonchus hochstetteri Sch.Bip.; Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 160 (1867), nom. illeg.
species :
Launaea picridioides (Webb) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 517 (1913)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca picridioides (Webb) Henriq.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 13: 150 (1897) (Picrioidea)
= Microrhynchus picridioides (Webb) Walp.; Ann. 1: 463 (1849)
= Rhabdotheca picridioides Webb; Hook. Niger Fl. 146 (1849)
species :
Launaea platyphylla Rech.f.; Fl. Iran., 122: 157 (1977)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Helmand, Kandahar)
34 AFG
species :
Launaea polydichotoma (Ostenf) Amin ex N.Kilian; Englera, 17:166 (1997)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Xinjiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chondrilla polydichotoma Ostenf.; Hedin, S. Tibet 6: III. 29 (1922)
= Hexinia polydichotoma (Ostenf.) H.L.Yang; Fl. Desert. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 3: 459 (1992)
= Zollikoferia polydichotoma (Ostenf.) Iljin; Crit. Obs. Chondr. (Bull. Sect. Rubber-Produc. Pl., Moscow, No. 3) 61 (1930)
species :
Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Amin; Tackh. Stud. Fl. Egypt, 84 (1956)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Helmand, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Paktia / Khost, Takhar); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Kuwait; Bahrain; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen); China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Pakistan; Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; India (widespread, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir); Myanmar
20 EGY 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI 40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ammoseris patens (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Plant. 4: 1319 (1847)
= Brachyramphus obtusus DC.; Prodromus 7: 177 (1838)
= Lactuca flava Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 143 (1790)
= Lactuca obtusa (DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 261 (1876)
= Launaea fallax (Jaub. & Spach) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891) non Muschl.
= Launaea obtusa (DC.) Mundhe & M.R.Almeida; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 85: 523 (1989)
= Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal; Kew Bull. 23: 465 (1969)
= Microrhynchus arabicus Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(28): 107 (1848)
= Microrhynchus fallax Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 106. t. 276 (1847)
= Microrhynchus patens DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7(1): 181 (1838)
= Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxb.) Kirp.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 29: 237 (1964)
= Prenanthes obtusa Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 3276 (1831), nomen
= Prenanthes patens Wall.; Numer. List no. 3258 (1831), nomen
= Prenanthes procumbens Roxb.; Fl. Indica ed. 2, 3: 404 (1832)
= Prenanthes runcinata Lag.; Gen. et Sp. Nov. 24 (1816)
= Rhabdotheca sonchoides Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 425 (1827)
= Scorzonera dichotoma Vahl; Symb. Bot. 2: 89 (1791)
= Sonchus lakouensis S.Y.Hu; Quarterly J. Taiwan Mus. 21: 164 (1968)
= Sonchus leucodon Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 832 (1846)
= Sonchus mairei H.Lév.; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 25: 16 (1915), non S. mairei H. Lév. (1913)
= Youngia alashanica H.C.Fu; Fl. Intramongolica, ed. 2, 4: 849 (1993)
= Youngia procumbens (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 193 (1838)
= Zollikoferia fallax (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 824 (1875)
= Zollikoferia leucodon Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 824 (1875)
species :
Launaea pseudoabyssinica (Chiov.) N.Kilian; Englera 17: 259 (1997)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; N-Kenya
24 DJI ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca boranensis Cufod.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It., n. s. 50: 115 (1943)
= Lactuca pseudoabyssinica Chiov.; Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 197 (1904)
= Launaea boranensis (Cufod.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 37: Suppl., 1182 (1967)
species :
Launaea pumila (Cav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 351 (1891)
Distribution: C-, S- & E-Spain; Morocco; Algeria
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea anomala (Batt.) Maire
= Launaea fragilis subsp. pumila (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989), et O. Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot, Fl. Man. Paisos Catalans: 1213 (1990)
= Launaea fragilis var. pumila (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989)
= Picridium cernuum Dufour ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 183 (1838)
= Podospermum pumilum (Cav.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. I. 206 (1826)
= Rhabdotheca pumila (Cav.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 263 (1874)
= Scorzonera glandulosa Pourr. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 183 (1838)
= Scorzonera pumila Cav.; Ic. 2: 19 (1793)
= Sonchus scorzoneriformis Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 24 (1816)
= Zollikoferia anomala Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 40: 196 (1893)
= Zollikoferia pumila (Cav.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 183 (1838)
species :
Launaea quercifolia (Desf.) Pamp.; Pl. Trip. 269 (1914)
Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
20 ALG LBY TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus quercifolius (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 8 (1874)
= Rhabdotheca quercifolia (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 263 (1874)
= Sonchus quercifolius Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 225. t. 213 (1799)
= Zollikoferia quercifolia (Desf.) Coss. & Kralik; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 4: 369 (1857)
species :
Launaea quettaensis N.Kilian; Englera 17: 350 (1997)
Distribution: Pakistan (Quetta)
40 PAK
species :
Launaea rarifolia (Oliv. & Hiern) Boulos; Bot. Notiser 115: 59 (1962)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachyramphus nudicaulis Klatt; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. V. 18: 377 (1873)
= Lactuca stenocephala Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 147 (1895)
= Lactuca varianii I.M.Johnst.; Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 75: 26 (1925)
= Lactuca verdickii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 4, 1(3): 170 (1903)
= Lactuca welwitschii Elliott; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 30 (1891)
= Launaea fischeri (O.Hoffm.) Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 58 (1962)
= Launaea macra (S.Moore) Boulos; Bot. Notiser 115: 58 (1962)
= Launaea pauciflora (Baker) Humbert & Boulos; Fl. Madag., Fam. 189, 880 (1963)
= Launaea verdickii (De Wild.) Boulos; Bot. Niotiser, cxv. 58 (1962)
= Sonchus fischeri O.Hoffm.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 421 (1895)
= Sonchus lanifer Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 91 (1932)
= Sonchus macer S.Moore; J. Bot., 404 (1899)
= Sonchus pauciflorus Baker; J. Bot. 20: 171 (1882)
= Sonchus rarifolius Oliv. & Hiern; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 460 (1877)
= Sonchus verdickii (De Wild.) R.E.Fr.; Act. Hort. Berg. 8: 113 (1925)
= Sonchus welwitschii (Elliott) Chiov. ex Mendonça; Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Angola, I. Compos., 152 (1943)
species :
Launaea remotiflora (DC. ex Wight) Amin ex Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 122: 148, t. 105 (1977)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert); Pakistan (Karachi, Sind); India (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
35 SAU 40 IND PAK
Remarks: status disputed, often included in L. intybacea s. l.
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachyramphus remotiflorus (DC.) Kamelin; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 628 (1993)
= Brachyramphus sonchifolius Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 177 (1838)
= Cacalia sonchifolia Wall.; Numer. List no. 3144 D (1831), nomen
= Lactuca remotiflora DC. ex Wight; Contrib. 26 (1834)
= Lactuca schimperi Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 114 (1847)
species :
Launaea rhynchocarpa (Balf.f.) B.Mies; Senckenberg. Biol. 74: 231 (1994)
Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca rhynchocarpa Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 11: 841 (1882)
species :
Launaea rogersii (Humbert) Humbert & Boulos; Fl. Madag., Fam. 189, 882(1963)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia; Madagascar
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca rogersii Humbert; Composees Madag. (Mem. Soc. Linn. Normand. 25) 156, 307 (1923)
= Launaea pycnocephala (R.E.Fr.) Boulos; Bot. Notiser cxv. 58 (1962)
= Sonchus pycnocephalus R.E.Fr.; Act. Hort. Berg. 8: 114 (1925)
species :
Launaea rueppellii (Sch.Bip.) Amin ex Boulos; Bot. Notiser 115: 59 (1962)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea
24 ERI ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthoseris rueppellii Sch.Bip.; Flora 25: 440 (1842)
= Lactuca hochstetteri var. steudneri Schweinf. ex Engl.; Abh. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1891: 454 (1892)
= Rhabdotheca rueppellii Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 286 (1867)
= Sonchus rueppellii (Sch.Bip.) R.E.Fr.; Act. Hort. Berg. 8: 112 (1925)
species :
Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 350 (1891)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Juan de Nova Isl.); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Iles Glorieuses; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); China (Guangdong, ?Guangxi, Hainan); Pakistan (Sind); India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobars); Myanmar (Rakhine, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; Java; Australia (costal NW-Western Australia)
26 MOZ 27 SAF 29 ALD IGL mau MCI MDG reu 36 CHI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV PAK SRL 41 AND LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW SCS 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ammoseris bellidifolia D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 1320 (1847)
= Ammoseris sarmentosus (Willd.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 1319 (1847)
= Chondrilla sarmentosa (Willd.) Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 2: 529 (1812)
= Lactuca sarmentosa (Willd.) Wight; Contrib. 27 (1834)
= Launaea bellidifolia Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 25: 321 (1822)
= Launaea pinnatifida Cass.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. I. 23: 85 (1831)
= Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Alston; Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Ceylon 6: Suppl., 173 (1931)
= Microrhynchus bellidifolius DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 181 (1838)
= Microrhynchus dregeanus DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 181 (1838)
= Microrhynchus sarmentosa (Willd.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 181 (1838)
= Prenanthes sarmentosa Willd.; Phyt. 10 (1794)
= Reichardia sarmentosa (Willd.) Backer ex Booberg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 31 (1933). in syn.
species :
Launaea secunda (Royle ex C.B.Clarke) Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 416 (1881)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Kurram, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chondrilla secunda Royle ex C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 276 (1876)
= Microrhynchus secundus Royle ex C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 276 (1876)
= Zollikoferia secunda (Royle ex C.B.Clarke) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. Suppl. 923 (1888)
species :
Launaea socotrana N.Kilian; Englera 17: 265 (1997)
Distribution: Samha Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Launaea spinosa (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. 1: 350 (1891)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, SE-Egypt); Iran (EC-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
20 EGY 34 IRN ISR JOR SIN 35 OMA SAU YEM 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Atalanthus spinosus (Forssk.) D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 311 (1829)
= Microrhynchus spinosus (Forssk.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 2: 529 (1873)
= Phaenixopus spinosus Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 48: 426 (1827)
= Prenanthes spinosa Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 144 (1775)
= Rhabdotheca spinosa (Forssk.) Webb; Hook. Niger Fl. 147 (1849)
= Sonchus spinosus (Forssk.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 189 (1838)
= Zollikoferia spinosa (Forssk.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 826 (1875)
species :
Launaea stenocephala (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 350 (1891)
Distribution: Pakistan (Baluchistan)
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Zollikoferia stenocephala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 823 (1875)
= Launaea stenocephala (Boiss.) Burkill; Fl. Pl. Baluchistan, 44 (1909)
species :
Launaea stocksiana (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 350 (1891)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan)
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Launaea stocksiana (Boiss.) Burkill; Fl. Pl. Baluchistan, 44 (1909), isonym
= Zollikoferia stocksiana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 825 (1875)
species :
Launaea taiwanensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 552 (2023)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 18: 474 (1966)
Distribution: Morocco [I]; Mauritania; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; W-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Mozambique
20 mor 22 BEN BKN GHA IVO MTN NGA SEN SIE TOG 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Lactuca kotschyi Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 15: 725 (1841)
= Lactuca pentaphylla Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 15: 725 (1841)
= Lactuca taraxacifolia (Willd.) Schumach.; De Indole Pl. Guin.: 17 (1819)
= Microrhynchus pentaphyllus (Sch.Bip.) Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 451 (1877)
= Sonchus pentaphyllus (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip.; Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 160 (1867)
= Sonchus serratus Perr. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 7: 138 (1838)
= Sonchus taraxacifolius Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1511 (1803)
species :
Launaea thalassica N.Kilian, C.Brockmann & Rustan; Willdenowia 16(2): 491 (1987)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
species :
Launaea viminea (Batt.) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 846 (1934)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Microrhynchus vimineus Batt.; Contrib. Fl. Atlant. 57 (1919)
species :
Launaea violacea (O.Hoffm.) Boulos; Bot. Notiser 115: 58 (1962)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Sonchus violaceus O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 443 (1901)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (May 18th, 2024)

Covering 354,831 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,461 synonyms,
in total 1,407,705* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life