Help sumacs recover from transplant shock

I converted my yard to native plants last fall. All the fragrant and evergreen sumacs are dying off one by one; they have never thrived. I ensure they get a good soaking at least once a week. I was warned not to fertilize them or it will make them deer fodder. They are placed as understory for our live oaks and mulched with a couple inches of oak leaf/hardwood mulch. What can I do to save the few that are left?

Can we assume that the sumacs were planted when you did your conversion to native plants? If so, they have not been in the ground very long and could still be suffering from transplant shock. We always check growing conditions on the page in our database for plants that are not doing well, and ask ourselves "Is this a plant in the wrong place, or the wrong plant for the place or was it planted at the wrong time?"

According to this USDA Plant Profile for Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac), it is not native to Travis County, but does grow in some counties to the north and east. However, according to this USDA Plant Profile, Rhus virens (evergreen sumac) is native to Travis County and several counties in the vicinity. Both require sun (six or more hours of sun a day) or part shade (two to six hours of sun), and tend to develop into thickets in open fields in the wild. Because they both are native to this area, we can assume they are in the right place in terms of soil, climate and rainfall.

So what's left? You say they were planted as understory trees to live oaks. There is a lot being said now about the allelopathy of oaks; that is, emitting substances that discourage competition from other plants. These substances can be present in fallen leaves, roots and bark. If the oak trees were already well-established, it just might be that there is not room in your space for both, and the oak trees are winning. Perhaps even the amount of water they are getting is inappropriate, as the growing conditions for both include low water use, dry soil, and tolerance of drought.

If you have seen no insects or signs of disease on the sumacs, and they are supposed to be very resistant to both, we can only assume that the environment is wrong, including being planted beneath oak trees and mulched with oak leaves.

How to help the remaining ones survive? You could try limbing up the live oaks to create more sunlight, cutting down on the watering and raking away the oak leaf mulch. Will those work? We simply don't know.

We want to caution you about limbing up or pruning your live oaks. From the Texas Oak Wilt Information Partnership comes these precautions about pruning live oaks, which are being devastated in Central Texas by oak wilt: "All wounding of oaks (including pruning) should be avoided from February through June. The least hazardous periods for pruning are during the coldest days in midwinter and extended hot periods in mid- to late summer. Regardless of season, all pruning cuts or other wounds to oak trees, including freshly cut stumps and damaged surface roots, should be treated immediately with a wound or latex paint to prevent exposure to contaminated insect vectors."

Mr. Smarty Plants is a service of the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. More questions and answers at wildflower.org/expert or find a link at statesman.com/gardening.