1. UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL
SCIENCES, BAGALKOT
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, MUNIRABAD
DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE
PRESENTATION ON BREEDING OF ORCHIDS
SUBMITTED BY:
RAGHAVENDRA HIREHAL
4. ORIGIN:
• Native of tropical countries and found abundantly in humid
forests of South and Central America, Mexico, India.
DESCRIPTION:
•Most of them are perennial herbs.
•The family Orchidaceae is largest among flowering plants.
•Orchids grow as Terrestial (land), Epiphytic (on trees),
Lithophytic (on rocks) and semi-aquatic.
A}Terrestial orchids- Cymbidium, Paphiopedilum.
B}Epiphytic orchids- Dendrobium, Vanilla, Vanda.
C}Lithophytic orchids- Cymbidium munronianum, Diplomeris
hirsute.
D}Semi-aquatic- Rhizanthelta and Cryptanthemis.
5. VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF ORCHIDS:
1.Monopodials: Single stem is the main characteristic
of monopodials. They have vertical growth habit
and produce aerial roots.
Eg: Arachnis and Vanda.
Hanging vandas
6. 2. Sympodials: They are characterized by presence of
rhizomes or modified bulbs. Growth of stem ceases,
usually at end of one seasons growth, and lateral
shoots are produced in following season.
Eg: Dendrobium, Cattleya.
Cattleya Orchid
7. FLORAL BIOLOGY
•Flowers are complete, mostly bisexual.
•Sepals and petals are 3 each in number, in alternate whorls.
• At the top of column is male anther which contain packets of pollen
called pollinia.
• Below the anther is stigma, usually sticky cavity.
8. IMPORTANT ORCHID SPECIES
1. AERIDES :
Attractive inflorescence, generally called fox tail orchid
Eg:A.multiflorum, A.adoratum
Aerides multiflorum
9. 2.Arachnis:
Beautiful flowers, very popular cut flower
Eg:A.annamensis, A.cathcari, A. maggie oei.
Arachnis annamensis Arachnis maggie oei ‘Red Ribbon’
13. 6.Cymbidium:
Most popular commercial orchid. Spikes long, suitable for decoration.
Eg:C.elegans,C.pendulum,C.grandiflorum,C.longifolium,
C.tigrinum
Cymbidium elegans
15. 8.Dendrobium:
Second largest genus next to Bulbophyllum . Very popular, produce
marvelous large showy flowers, epiphytes.
Eg:D.crysanthum, D.chrysotoxum, D.densiflorum, D.nobile, D.regium.
Dendrobium crysanthum Dendrobium nobile
16. 9.Oncidium:
Leaves leathery, a single leaf arise on tip of small pseudo stem.
Eg: O.ampliatum ,O.crispum,O.papilio, O.luridum
Oncidium ampliatum
20. 13.Phalaenopsis:
Called moth orchids, very popular, short stemmed, good for cut flower
trade .
Eg: P.amabilis, P.fuscata, P.speciosa ,P.violaceae.
Phalaenopsis amabilis Phalaenopsis fuscata
21. 14.Miltonia:
Bears short pseudobulbs with two or more narrow flexible leaves
flowers in single or in cluster.
Eg: M.ancepts, M.candida, M.spectabilis, M.stenoglassa.
Miltonia ancepts Miltonia spectabilis
22. 15.Odontoglossum:
Pseudostem is oval, green with 2-3 leaves, inflorescence in arch shape,
large and showy.
Eg : O.cardatum, O.grande, O.maculatum, O.nobile, O.rossi.
24. 17.Rynchostylis :
Flowers clustered closely in dense cylindrical drooping raceme, good for
hanging baskets.
Eg: R.retusa ,R.gignatea.
Rynchostylis gignatea.Rynchostylis retusa
25. 18.Spathoglottis:
Tall and slender inflorescence, attractive, three lobed labellum.
Eg: S.affinis,S.acerea,S.plicta,S.grandifolia.
Spathoglottis affinis Spathoglottis plicta
26. 19.Thunia:
Tall bamboo like stems bearing cluster of flowers at top.
Eg: T.alba, T.marshallina
Thunia alba Thunia marshallina
27. 20.Vanda:
Very popular, monopodial, epiphytic roots prominent and stout.
Produce attractive flowers.
Eg: V.amesiana, V.bensoniui, V.coerulea, V.cristata.
Vanda amesiana Vanda bensoniui
28. BREEDING OBJECTIVES
>To breed for better YIELD & QUALITY.
>To introduce EARLY FLOWERING.
>To increase the LENGTH OF INFLORESCENCE.
> To increase the number of FLOWERS PER
INFLORESCENCE.
>To achieve better COLOUR, SIZE, SHAPE.
>To develop WIDER ADAPTABILITY.
>To extend the BLOOMING PERIOD.
>To develop NON STAKING VARIETIES.
>To produce FRAGRANT VARIETIES.
>To develop varieties with better ROOT POLIFERATION.
30. First orchid hybrid is Calanthe dominyi
(C. masuca X C.fuscata)
•In 1982, the first sexageneric hybrid Brilliandeara
gary was registered.
•This is the first sexageneric hybrid in the whole of
plant kingdom.
•It has been named in the honour of Gary
brilliande, a famous orchid breeder
32. STEPS IN HYBRIDIZATION
SELECTION OF PARENTS: Select male and female parents
depending on characters to be combined.
EMASCULATION: Remove pollens of female parent to
prevent natural pollination.
POLLINATION: Collect pollens from male parent and
remove anther cap. Put the pollens in stigmatic cavity and see
that it sticks well to stigmatic surface.
BAGGING: Tie the bags giving details of male and female
parents
33. Some of the important intergeneric hybrid are :
Ascocenda (Ascocentrum x Vanda)
47. POLYPLOIDY BREEDING
Colchicines has been used effectively in
inducing doubling of chromosomes.
Submerging bulbs of Cymbidium in
colchicines twice within an interval of 10
days has been reported to produce
tetraploids.
Similar technique has also been applied to
Dendrobium and in Vanda
48. BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. American Orchid Society has taken a lead in
stimulating interest in protoplast fusion research
in orchid
2.It was possible to fuse protoplasts from different
plants within the genus Eg. Phalaenopsis,
Dendrobium and Renanthera.
3.The frequency of fusion was increased by
polyethylene glycol.
4. Inter –generic fusion of terrestrial orchid
protoplast induced by different fusion promoting
agent was also found to be possible
