13. Cultivation
It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it
has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases.
The plant does best in a sunny location. The seeds are sown during
May and June.
15. Chemical Constituents
Andrographolide is the major constituent extracted from the
leaves of the plant. its molecular formula and weight are
C20H30O5 and 350.4
Andrographolide has been reported to have a wide range of
biological activities, such as
1) Anti-inflammatory
2) Anti-allergic
3) Antiplatelet aggregation
4) Hepatoprotective
5) Anti-HIV
16. Chemical Constituents
Some known constituents are:
1) Andrographine
2) Neoandrographolide
3) Panicoline
4) Paniculide-A
5) Paniculide-B
6) Paniculide-C
18. Antioxidant Defense
Antioxidant defense systems may only
partially prevent oxidative damage
the aqueous extract increased the
activities of antioxidant defense
enzymes such as
1) Catalase
2) Superoxide dismutase
19. Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Andrographolide reduce the inflammation caused by
1) Histamine
2) Dimethyl benzene
3) Adrenaline
The secretion of proinflmmatory cytokines from
macrophages stimulated and promoted by
lipopolysaccharide
Results in increased production of NO that lead to
inflammation
Andrographolide incubated with macrophages have
been reported to inhibit LPS-stimulated NO
production in a concentration-dependent manner
20. Immunomodulatory Activity
Andrographolide stimulate antibody production
Andrographolide stimulate an innate immune response which is
measured according to
1) The macrophage migration
2) Phagocytosis
3) Proliferation of splenic lymphocytes
21. Antimicrobial Effects
Antibacterial activity of A.paniculata has been reported against
1) Salmonella
2) Shigella
3) E.coli
4) gram A streptococci
5) Staphylococcus aureus
22. Hepatoprotective Activity
A. paniculata as a hepatostimulant and hepatoprotective agent
Andrographolide attenuated concanavalin A-induced liver injury and
inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis.
Andrographolide induce hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation.
23. Antimalarial Effects
It exhibit antimalarial activity
Chemical constituents like
1) Andrographolide
2) Neoandrographolide
3) Deoxyandrographolide
Shows anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium berghei
24. Anti-HIV Effects
Andrographolide administration significantly improved the CD4+
lymphocyte count from a baseline mean of 405 cells/mm3 to 501
cells/mm3 in HIV positive patients.
26. Medicinal Uses
Expressed juices of leaves of Creat brings
useful results in :-
1) Sluggish liver
2) Dyspepsia associated with gaseous
distention of the bowels
3) In general debility
4) Advanced stages of dysentery
27. Medicinal Uses
Tincture is especially when combined with detoxified arsenic referred
as
1) Useful against intermittent and remittent fevers
2) It is also effective as tonic
3) Stimulant
4) Gently aperient
28. Medicinal Uses
Green leaves with anise seeds are useful
1) Stomachic tonic
2) Anthelmintic
29. Medicinal Uses
Juice of leaves with cardamoms, cloves and cinnamon form useful
domestic remedy in
1) Griping
2) Irregular stools
3) Loss of appetite
4) Flatulence
5) Diarrhea
6) Anthelmintic
35. SIDE EFFECTS
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Rash
Headache
Runny nose
Swollen lymph glands
Serious allergic reactions
Elevations of liver enzymes
36. Comments
In market, and in published Oriental literature
it is mixed with
Chirayita sometimes.
Once it had been considered as substitute for
Quinine and its preparation was available as
liquid extract of Kalmegh.
In Bengal (around 1700-1800 A.D.) a domestic
remedy (Alui) is reported which was
administered to infants