Mosses of Guatemala Volume 25

N IVLRSITY OF ILLI NOIS
OF THE
R.AR.Y
580-5
-
v.25
cop-*
MOSSES OF GUATEMALA
EDWIN
B.
BARTRAM
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME
25
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JANUARY 31, 1949
MOSSES OF GUATEMALA
MOSSES OF GUATEMALA
EDWIN
B.
BARTRAM
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME
25
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JANUARY 31, 1949
THE LIBRARY OF THE
ra
2 3 1949
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY
MUSEUM
PRESS
CONTENTS
Families Included in
Sphagnaceae Andreaeaceae
Fissidentaceae
4
7
Volume 25
236 242 245 247 249 260 273 275 288 290 293 322 323 325
330
341
Cryphaeaceae Leucodontaceae Prionodontaceae
Ditrichaceae
Seligeriaceae
Dicranaceae
Leucobryaceae Calymperaceae Encalyptaceae

Pottiaceae
Grimmiaceae
Funariaceae
24 31 32 67 73 81 82 140 146
151
Trachypodaceae
Pterobryaceae Meteoriaceae
Phyllogoniaceae
Neckeraceae
Lembophyllaceae
Pilotrichaceae
Hookeriaceae Leucomiaceae
Splachnaceae Bryaceae
153 182 184
Hypopterygiaceae Fabroniaceae
Leskeaceae
Mniaceae
Drepanophyllaceae
Eustichiaceae
Amblystegiaceae
Brachytheciaceae Entodontaceae
Plagiotheciaceae
Rhizogoniaceae Meeseaceae Bartramiaceae
Erpodiaceae Orthotrichaceae
Helicophyllaceae
Rhacopilaceae Hedwigiaceae
185 186 187 189 204 206 230 231 232
350 362
371
Sematophyllaceae
383 397
Hypnaceae
Hylocomiaceae
Diphysciaceae
Polytrichaceae
415
419
420
INTRODUCTION
In the course of three botanical expeditions to Guatemala, sponsored by Chicago Natural History Museum, Drs. Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark accumulated extensive collections of mosses from nearly every department. These collections have been beautifully supplemented by the later explorations of Dr. Aaron J. Sharp during 1945 and 1946 in the highlands of Guatemala, principally at altitudes between 1,250 and 3,500 yieters, where the bryophyte flora is exceedingly rich and diversified.
results,
my privilege to study all of these collections and the supplemented by whatever other information I have been able to gather, are presented in the following pages. Although Dr. Sharp's collections have not been listed in full detail, all of his important discoveries, representing an addition of more than seventy
It
has been
species to the previously
known
flora,
are included in the present
work.
are
As a
far
now
Guatemala and its affinities better known than those of any other Central American
result, the
moss
flora of
country.
attempt at a realistic analysis of the mosses tropical American country, the task is, to some extent, explorative. For, until many of the tropical American genera are disencumbered of numerous dubious species by careful revisional studies, the specific entities involved are open to a wide variety of
first
of
As this is the any restricted
interpretations.
Being astride the Cordilleran axis, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific and possessing a highly diversified terrain, Guatemala should and does support a rich moss flora broadly representative
American tropics. Since the literature relating to tropical American mosses is widely scattered and often difficult of access, it seems desirable to describe briefly, key out and illustrate the species
of the
known to occur in this limited area. One of the more interesting problems
of the
involves the relationship
Guatemalan flora with that of the surrounding and contributory regions. As might be logically expected, the Mexican types are abundantly represented. However, the most significant feature is
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
the occurrence of numerous species typical of the northern United States and Canada, including Fissidens taxifolius, Ditrichum giganteum, Distichium capillaceum, Dicranella varia, Blindia acuta,
Dicranum flagellare, Barbula reflexa, Barbula icmadophila, Tortella tortuosa, Grimmia apocarpa, Mnium serratum, Bryum cuspidatum, Meesea longiseta, Orthotrichum anomalum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Campylium stellatum, Campylium chrysophyllum, Hygrohypnum palustre, Drepanocladus aduncus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium pulchellum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Rhytidium rugosum, Hylocomium brevirostre, Diphyscium foliosum and many others of similar affinities. It is probable that this group is made up of species forced southward during glacial times. These
species persisted in isolated communities in the highlands of Guatemala even after the retrograde migration had taken place. Many
of these records
mark the extreme southern
limit of distribution of
North America. Evidently the Cordillera served as a main highway of northsouth migration. It is interesting, therefore, to record as immigrants from the opposite direction such typical Andean species as Ditrichum
these species in
gracile,
Dicranella
cyathicarpum,
vaginata, Campylopus Jamesoni, Amphidium Holomitrium pulchellum, Hymenostomum Jamesoni,
Actinodontium
Streptopogon erythrodontus, Streptopogon rigidus, Entosthodon acidotus, megalocarpum, Eustichia Spruceana, Rhizogonium
Lindigii, Eucatagonium politum and Pseudodimerodontium bolivianum, all of which find their northern limits in Guatemala or adjacent
Mexico.
A small group of tropical Brazilian mosses, comprising Coleochaetium Standleyi, Philophyllum tenuifolium and Puiggariella aurifolia, all three genera new to North America, suggests that in the past the tropical American flora may have been more closely integrated than it is now. Among the well-known Caribbean species, found principally in the eastern lowlands, are Sphagnum meridense, Fissidens pellucidus,
Dicranella subinclinata, Syrrhopodon ligulatus, Syrrhopodon incompletus, Syrrhopodon lycopodioides, Calymperes lonchophyllum, Tortula
mniifolia, Philonotis glaucescens,
Micromitrium mucronifolium, Pseu-
flagellifera, Jaegerinopsis squarrosa, Or,thostichopsis tetraPireella cymbifolia, Papillaria nigrescens, Meteoriopsis patula, gona,
docryphaea
Neckeropsis undulata, Neckeropsis disticha, Helicodontium capillare,
Entodon macropodus, Sematophyllum caespitosum and Taxithelium planum. Many of these species reach Florida on the north and range widely into northern South America in the opposite direction.
BARTRAM: MOSSES OF GUATEMALA

The
following local mosses extend north through Mexico to
Arizona and
Mexico: Anoectangium arizonicum, Anoectangium Merceya ligulata, Husnotiella revoluta, Symblepharis helicophylla, Dicranum rhabdocarpum, Tortula fragilis, Ptychomitrium Leibergii, Ptychomitrium serratum, Brachymenium mexicanum, Bryum truncorum, Orthotrichum Bartramii, Anacolia laevisphaera, Bartramia microstoma, Braunia secunda, Fabronia ciliaris, Fabronia Wrightii and Pleuropus Bonplandii. A smaller group, comprising Ditrichum ambiguum, Timmiella anomala, Barbula vinealis, Grimmia trichophylla, Orthodontium pellucens and Eurhynchium praelongum, extends into California. Evidently with increasing distance from the Continental Divide, the number of species common to both areas
obtusifolium,
New
decreases.
zones.
The Guatemalan moss flora may be roughly divided into three The lowland mosses up to altitudes of about 1,500 meters
Here such are broadly representative of the Caribbean regions. typical families as Fissidentaceae, Pterobryaceae, Meteoriaceae,
Hookeriaceae and Sematophyllaceae are abundantly distributed. zone, representing the interior highlands from 1,500 or 2,000 meters up to 3,500 meters, supports a much more diversified
The second
and highly intriguing

far
flora,
including
many
distant northern
and southern
latitudes.
surprising vagrants from Such families as
Dicranaceae, Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Bartramiaceae and Orthotrichaceae are developed to an amazing extent. Pottiaceae alone account for 71 species distributed in 25 genera. The rocky summits
mountains from 3,600 to 4,600 meters above sea level are truly alpine in character. Typical of these bleak, rugged domes are the following rupestrine species: Andreaea rupestris, Distichium
of the higher
capillaceum,
Encalypta vulgaris, Grimmia ovalis, Rhacomitrium crispulum and Hedwigidium imberbe. In more sheltered places and a little below the bare rocks the upper fringes of the rich highland
flora are encountered.
The strange mixtures present a puzzling problem in phytogeography, especially when two species of the same genus such as Ditrichum giganteum of northern United States and Yukon and
Ditrichum gracile of the South American Andes are found growing It is hardly possible to appraise the full significance of these facts now, but the evidence surely indicates that Guatemala is one of the principal focal points of geographical distribution in tropical North America.
in close proximity.
While probably far from complete, the total of approximately 519 species and 205 genera is broadly representative of the local
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME
25
may cover at least 80 per cent of the actual flora. The Including the percentage of endemic species is relatively small. new species, approximately 58, or about 11 per cent of the total known flora, are not known outside of Guatemala. As the adjacent
mosses and
regions are more thoroughly explored, many of these endemics may prove to have a wider distribution than our present knowledge
indicates.
one can realize the shortcomings of the task in hand more than I do. Yet I am hopeful that the work may prove useful keenly
to students of the local
to
No
moss flora and in future investigations relating Mexico and the other Central American countries.
The types
complete
of all
new
species are in the author's herbarium.
collections, including duplicate types of the new species collected by them, can be found in the herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum. The full
series of Standley's
and Steyermark's
by Sharp is deposited in the herbarium of the UniAs many species were collected in large versity a wide distribution of representative specimens will no quantities, doubt be made among the principal North American herbaria.
series collected
of
Tennessee.
ORDER
1.
SPHAGNALES
Typical peat mosses forming dense tufts or cushions in bogs or on wet mountain slopes. Stems elongate, pale green tinged with brown or red, without radicles, composed of a central core of lax cells enclosed in a woody cylinder and surrounded by one to several layers of large, hyaline cells. Branches in fascicles, crowded at tips of stems in dense heads. Branch leaves composed of two kinds of cells in one layer; a network of linear chlorophyllose cells in the meshes of which are large rhomboidal hyaline cells usually porose and reinforced by spiral fibers. Stem leaves similar in structure but dissimilar in shape. Capsules dark brown, subglobose, with a convex lid, on a short fleshy stalk or pseudopodium. Peristome
lacking.
very distinct order comprising a single genus, Sphagnum, of cosmopolitan distribution.

1.
SPHAGNACEAE
Linn., Sp. PI. 1106.
1.
1.
SPHAGNUM
1753.
2
Cortical cells of stems and branches not fibrillose

Cortical cells of stems
and branches
fibrillose
.3

2.
Chlorophyllose Chlorophyllose red
cells of
cells of
branch leaves exposed on both surfaces, pigment brown 4. S. subsecundum branch leaves exposed on inner surface of leaf, pigment
3. S.
meridense
3.
Chlorophyllose
Chlorophyllose
cells of
cells of
branch leaves central and included ... 1. S. magellanicum branch leaves exposed on inner surface of leaf 2. S. imbricatum
1.
SPHAGNUM MAGELLANICUM
Brid.,
Muse. Rec.
2, (1): 24.
1798.
Coarse plants tinged with brown. Cortical cells of stems and branches fibrillose. Stem leaves Ungulate; branch leaves broadly
ovate, deeply concave, Chlorophyllose cells central and enclosed on both surfaces of leaf by the hyaline cells. (Fig. 1, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 49918, 49921, 49922.
Distribution: Labrador to Alaska south to Florida
and
California,
Bermuda, Europe, Asia, South America. Rare locally and confined to alpine regions.
2.
SPHAGNUM IMBRICATUM
1865.
Hornsch., Russow, Beitr. Torfm. 21.

Cortical cells of stems and branches
Plants pale greenish brown.

fibrillose.
leaves Ungulate; branch leaves imbricated, ovate, Chlorophyllose cells exposed on inner surface of leaf, lower hyaline cells ridged or fringed on inner walls where overlying the chloro-
Stem
phyllose
cells.
(Fig. 1,
D-G.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 49912.
Distribution:
States,
Alaska, eastern North America south to Gulf Cuba, British Honduras, Europe, Asia.
Alpine meadow. Like the preceding, this species is known locally only from alpine regions. Dr. LeRoy Andrews informs me that he has a collection from British Honduras. The peculiar fringed fibrils
on the inner walls of the hyaline
leaf cells are
a marked feature.
3'.
SPHAGNUM MERIDENSE (Hampe)

Sphagnum
acutifolium meridense
C. M., Syn. 1: 95.

20: 66. 1847.
1848.
Hampe, Linnaea
Rather slender pale plants usually tinged with red. Stem leaves Branch leaves laxly triangular-ovate, bordered, toothed at apex. imbricated, oblong-ovate, concave, abruptly short pointed, apex
involute, truncate, toothed. Chlorophyllose cells exposed surface of leaf. (Fig. 1, H-J.)
on inner
25
FIGURE
A-C, Sphagnum magellanicum: A, stem
cross section of leaf cells,
cells of
1
leaf,
X14; B, branch
leaf,
leaf,
X14; C,
X270.
leaf,
D-G, Sphagnum imbricatum: D, stem

branch
leaf,
XllO; G,
cross section of leaf cells,

leaf,
section of leaf
H-J, Sphagnum meridense: H, stem cells, X270.
X14; E, branch X270. X14; I, branch
X14; F, basal
leaf,
X14;
J, cross
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 92577, 92590, 92620; Steyermark 1*3955. Dept. 1*971*6, 50183, 51898, 51950, 51951. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 1*3097, 1*31*55. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 1*2631, 1*3203, 1*3257, 1*3287. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30989. Dept. Jutiapa: Steyermark 31935.
Huehuetenango: Steyermark
Distribution: Florida,
West
Indies, Mexico, Central
and South
America.
most frequent species of Sphagnum and apparently distributed at altitudes above 1,200-1,500 meters. The broadly characteristic ruddy tinge is usually a dependable indicator of this
By
far the
species.
4.
SPHAGNUM SUBSECUNDUM
1819.
Nees, Sturm, Deuts. Fl. Crypt. 17.
Rather robust, brittle plants, tinged with brown. Cortical cells stem in one layer. Stem leaves lingulate, entire. Divergent branches cuspidate pointed, branch leaves broadly ovate, apex
of
truncate, toothed; hyaline cells strongly fibrillose with numerous small pores on the dorsal face; chlorophyllose cells subrectangular in section, exposed on both surfaces of leaf. (Fig. 2, A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Sharp
1*968.
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp
511*3.
Distribution: Greenland and Labrador south to Gulf states and Mexico; California to Washington.
Wet rocks and swamp area at low to moderately high altitudes. These seem to be the first records of the species in Central America. The brown pigment, cortical cells of the stem in one layer and the chlorophyll cells exposed on both surfaces of the branch leaves are
good diagnostic features.
ORDER
Stems
2.
ANDREAEALES
Small dark colored, brittle rupestrial mosses of high altitudes. Leaves crowded, cells small, slender, simple or branched. in one layer; costa lacking or single. incrassate, Capsules terminal,
exserted on a short pseudopodium when ripe, without lid or peristome, splitting vertically into 4 (6-8) valves at maturity; columella
persistent, spores
smooth or
papillose.
2.
ANDREAEACEAE
in
One family and one genus only represented
North America.
A--D,
FIGURE 2 Sphagnum subsecundum: A, stem leaf, X14, B, branch
leaf,
X14; C, part and
of cross section of stem, XllO; D, cross section of leaf cells, X270. E-H, Fissidens Svihlae: E, plant, XI; F, leaf, X30; G, upper leaf cells margin, X270; H, cells of duplicate blade, X270.

1.
25
ANDREAEA
Hedw., Sp. Muse. 47.
1801.
1.
ANDREAEA RUPESTRIS Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 47. 1801.
Stems Brittle reddish brown plants in dense tufts or cushions. 1-3 cm. long, simple or forked. Leaves crowded, imbricated when dry, ovate-lanceolate, concave, ecostate, muticous or slightly
pointed, usually papillose on back, to 1.5
linear
mm.
3,
long; cells incrassate,

finally
below, rounded-quadrate above. exserted on a short pseudopodium. (Fig.

Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35542,
Solola: Steyermark 47494.
Capsules small,
A-D.)
35548a, 35549.
3551*60,, 3554.7,
Dept.
Distribution: Greenland to Alaska, south along mountains to Georgia and California, Europe, Tasmania, New Zealand, southern South America.
Exposed rock faces and elevations, 3,800-4,600 m.
crevices;
locally confined
to highest
var. ALPESTRIS Thed., Bot. Not. 1849: 79.
1849.
Differs
from the typical form
in the smaller, blunter leaves.

Dept. Quezaltenango
:
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35786, 36089. mark 34209.
Steyer-
Distribution: Greenland south to

to
New York
and Alaska south
Montana and Washington;
also Europe.
ORDER
3.
BRYALES
The great majority of mosses are comprised in this large order. Variable in detail, they seem to grow from a filamentose protonema. The
spores and columella are developed from the endothecium. Capsules borne on a definite seta of variable length, indehiscent or
opening by a
lid;
peristome present or lacking.
3.
FISSIDENTACEAE
Small to medium sized plants with distichous, equitant leaves flattened in one plane, split to the costa on the inner side of the basal part into two blades clasping the stem. Lamina cells uniform,
hexagonal or rounded, usually in one layer; costa ending in or below apex; seta terminal or lateral. Capsule erect or inclined; peristome simple, of 16 teeth, entire or split to or below middle into two
subulate forks; spores small.

1.
FISSIDENS Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 152.
1801.
A large and very distinct group with

I
the characters of the family.
have profited largely by Dr. Grout's recent revision of the North American species of Fissidens (Grout 20), which has clarified
many problems
1.
in this intricate genus.

cells
Leaves bordered entirely or in part with elongated Leaves not bordered with elongated cells Leaves flaccid, cells large and lax Leaves firm, cells small and dense
12
3 5
2.
3.
Costa ending far below apex, capsules horizontal, asymmetrical

3.
F. reticulosus
f
Costa longer, capsules suberect, symmetrical

4.
4
F. mollis
Border distinct to apex Border ending well below apex

Leaf Leaf
cells cells
1.
2.
F. dissitifolius
6.
5.
unipapillate smooth or pluripapillate

4.
F. Svihlae
6
6.
Dorsal blade of leaf long decurrent Dorsal blade not decurrent
F. longidecurrew 7
7.
Stem Stem
Leaf Leaf
leaves unbordered, peristome teeth undivided leaves bordered in part, peristome teeth forked
cells papillose,
cells
10. F. muriculatus
8 9 11
8.
dense and obscure smooth, distinct
9.
Border weak, confined to basal part of duplicate blades 7. F. leptopodus 10 Border strong, extending to or beyond apex of duplicate blades
10. Apical
and dorsal blades often variously bordered Apical and dorsal blades not bordered
cells
8.
F. Weiri
11. F. elegans
5.
11.
Border narrow, of one layer of Border strong, bistratose
F. repandus
9.
F. Steyermarkii
12. Cells of leaf blade in 2 or
more
layers
24. F. grandifrons
Cells of leaf blade in one layer

13. Aquatic, slender floating plants
13
25. F. debilis
Not
14.
aquatic, plants tufted or gregarious

leaf cells incrassate, leaf cells
leaf
14
Marginal Marginal
forming a definite border

17. F. austro-adiantoides
not differentiated
15
16 20
12. F. pellucidus
15.
Small plants,
margins crenulate
Robust
16.
plants, leaf margins entire below, apex
rounded
Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf
cells large,
cells small, papillose cells pluripapillate,

cells
smooth, distinct or mammillose, obscure
17
.
17.
minute plants, leaves rounded.
16. F. pusillissimus
unipapillate
18
10

Leaves subacute Leaves rounded or obtuse
25
13. F. Donnellii
18.
19
Steerei
19.
15. F. Leaves less than 1 mm. long, ovate Leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong, abruptly contracted to an obtuse apex
14. F. radicans
20. Setae lateral
21
Setae terminal
21.
23
22. F. polypodioides
Leaves subentire Leaf margins crenulate or serrate Leaves acute, margins serrulate, costa excurrent Leaves obtuse, serrate near apex, costa percurrent Leaves broadly acute Leaves broadly rounded Leaves lingulate, apex rounded Leaves oblong-lingulate, apex obtuse
22
21. F. taxifolius 23. F. Oerstedianus 20. F. similiretis
22.
23.
24
19. F. lingulatus 18. F. asplenioides
24.
1.
FISSIDENS MOLLIS Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 600.
1869.
Dioicous; stems 1-1.5 cm. long, often branched. Leaves strongly contorted when dry, flaccid and laxly spreading when moist, to 4 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, short acuminate, strongly bordered all
around, border confluent at apex; costa ending below apex;
cells
FIGURE 3
D,
rupestris: A, plant, leaf of var. rupestris, X20.
A-D, Andreaea
E-F, Fissidens
XI; B,
leaf,
X20; C, apex
of leaf,
X270;
G-H,
mollis: E, leaf, X14; F, apex of leaf, XllO. Fissidens dissitifolius: G, leaf, X14; H, apex of leaf, XllO.

lax,
11
hexagonal, thin-walled, to 40 M long above.

(Fig. 3,
Capsule small,
inclined.
E-F).
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark ^1781 a.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
South America.
rocks at low altitude. More robust than F. dissitifolius and distinguished at once by the leaf border continuous to the apex.
On damp
2.
FISSIDENS DISSITIFOLIUS
Sull.,
Proc.
Am. Acad.
5: 274.
1861.
Smaller than F. mollis. Stem less than 5 mm. long. Leaves oblong-ovate, short acuminate, about 1.5 mm. long, border narrow
ending below apex about opposite tip of costa; costa ending above middle of apical blade; cells laxly hexagonal, to 25-30 long in the apical blade. Capsule small, inclined. (Fig. 3, G-H.)
and
indistinct,
fj.
Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30260.
Distribution: Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico.
On damp
rocks at low altitude.

it is
Uncomfortably near the follow-
ing species to which
closely allied.
3.
FISSIDENS RETICULOSUS (C.M.) Mitt, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 603.

1869.
Conomilrium reticulosum C. M., Syn. 2: 525. 1851. Conomitrium hookeriaceum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 173.
1897.
when
Leaves 4-9 pairs, contorted high. to 3 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, dry, larger upward, bordered to near apex; costa ending near middle of apical blade;
Plants small, about 2
mm.
cells lax, 35-40 M long, 10-14 n wide, thin-walled. Capsule nodding or horizontal, asymmetrical; urn less than 1 mm. long.
Distribution: Mexico,
West
Indies.
No Guatemalan
collections
have been seen but C. hookeriaceum
C.M. is cited as a synonym of F. reticulosus (Grout 16, p. 171). The shorter costa and asymmetrical capsules should distinguish it
from F.
dissitifolius.
4.
FISSIDENS LONGIDECURRENS The>., Smithson. Misc. Coll. 78 2 10.

:
1926.
Stems to 12-15 mm. Leaves strongly crispate when dry, oblonglanceolate, broadly acuminate, bordered all around, to 2 mm. long,
Slender, tufted, brownish yellow plants.
laxly foliate.
long,
12
25
dorsal blade long decurrent; costa ending just below apex; cells (Fig. 4, Capsule small, suberect. irregularly hexagonal, 6-8 M-
A-B.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley
:
671*70.
Distribution: Mexico.
Shaded bank at high altitude. Readily identified by the long decurrent dorsal blade often extending nearly to the next leaf below.
5.
FISSIDENS REPANDUS Wils.,

Fissidens
tortilis
Kew
Journ. Bot. 3: 52.

1864.
1851.
Hampe &
C. M., Bot. Zeit. 22: 340.
Fissidens Carionis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 171.
1897.
Fissidens fasciculato-bryoides C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 172.
1897.
Small Leaves decurved and

all
greenish yellow plants in lax colonies.
much
and around, to 2 mm. lamina narrowed toward base; costa ending just below apex; cells Seta 6-7 mm. long; capsule small, rounded, hexagonal, 8-10 nhorizontal to suberect; urn oblong, 1 mm. long. (Fig. 4, C-E.)
mark
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 701+69, 701+73. Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyer501+57. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 31+086a, 31+092a; Standley 85199. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58650. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 291+52.
crisped long, short
when
long. dry, lanceolate, bordered broadly acuminate, dorsal
Stems 6-8
mm.
D
FIGURE 4
A-B, Fissidens longidecurrens: A, part of stem and leaf, X14; B, apex of leaf, X110. C-E, Fissidens repandus: C, plant, XI; D, leaf, X14; E, apex of leaf, XllO. F-I, Fissidens leptopodus: F, plant, XI; G, leaf, X14; H, apex of leaf, XllO; I, basal margin of duplicate blade, X270.

Distribution: Florida, Mexico,
13
West
Indies,
South America.
This seems to
On
soil,
trees
and walls at moderate
altitudes.
be a rather frequent species locally. The small size and strongly crisped leaves bordered throughout will serve to identify it easily.
6.
FISSIDENS SviHLAE Bartr., Bryol. 50: 202.
1947.
Small, gregarious plants, yellowish green. Stems 1-2 mm. high. Leaves erect-spreading, slightly flexuous when dry, about 1.5 mm.
long, narrowly lanceolate, entire, acuminate, bordered all around with a narrow cartilaginous band of linear cells; costa percurrent; upper
leaf cells hexagonal,
diam. 8-10 n, strongly unipapillate, cells of blades lax, hyaline and smooth, to 40 or 50 /* long. Seta duplicate 5 mm. long; capsule erect, minute; peristome teeth deeply cleft.
(Fig. 2,
E-H.)
Dept. Suchiate: near Chicacoa, Svihla 2871.
Endemic.
Nearest F. yucatanensis Steere but leaf cells less than half as The papillae are about 5 /x high and are best seen in profile large. on the upper leaves which are slightly twisted when the plant is mounted entire. In many respects and especially the lax areolation
of the duplicate blades this species closely resembles F. Kegelianus
C.
M. but
the unipapillate leaf cells are at once distinctive.
7.
FISSIDENS LEPTOPODUS Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 120.

Fissidens michoacanus Th6r., Smithson. Misc. Coll. 78
2
:
1910.
12.
1926.
Stems 2-3 mm. high. Leaves 5-20 oblong-lanceolate, acute; costa ending in long, or near apex; upper leaves indistinctly bordered toward base of duplicate blades with several elongated cells; margins crenulate;
Small sordid green plants.
1-1.25
pairs,
mm.
cells
small,
obscure, densely papillose.
Capsule ovoid, suberect.
(Fig. 4, F-I.)
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12155, 121*85, 1251*5, 12553; Lundell 2100a.
Distribution: Mexico, Trinidad.
On disintegrated limestone at low altitudes. F. Garberi L. & J. which the border is confined to the perichaetial leaves should eventually be found in Guatemala but so far I have seen no collection that could be definitely referred to this species.
in
14
25
8.
FISSIDENS WEIRI Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 602.

Fissidens Howelli Bartr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. IV. 21
:
1869.
78.
1933.
mm. Small yellowish green plants, closely gregarious. 6-9 pairs of leaves. Leaves erect-spreading, little altered long with when dry, about 2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, border strong
Stems 4-5
and pellucid below, distantly denticulate, ending far below apex of apical blade and often spurred on the inner side above; costa pellucid, ending just below apex; margins of apical blade minutely crenulate where unbordered; cells minute, very obscure, densely and minutely
papillose.
drical,
Seta terminal, 2-3.5

1
mm.
long; capsule suberect, cylin-
urn
mm.
long.
(Fig. 5,
A-C.)
Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 4.3697.
Distribution:
West
Indies,
Galapagos Islands, Brazil.
On
earth at high altitude.
A plastic species but easily recognized
by the variable leaf border, often lacking on the apical and dorsal blades but when well developed extending half way or more up the apical blade and frequently spurred on the inner edge.
9.
FISSIDENS STEYERMARKII Bartr., No. Amer. Flora 15 3 177. 1943.

:
Rather robust, dull green terrestrial plants, densely Stems to 1.5 cm. long and 3-4 mm. wide with leaves, gregarious. Leaves in numerous pairs, the lower sparsely radiculose below. minute, gradually larger upward, the upper to 3.5 mm. long and 0.6 mm. wide, lightly contorted when dry, erect-spreading and often
Dioicous.
falcate
all
moist, oblong-lanceolate, short acuminate, bordered the border strong, cartilaginous, bistratose and confluent around, with the percurrent costa at apex; cells distinct, hexagonal, with
when
firm pellucid walls, 8-10 M in diam., smooth or very faintly papillose. Seta terminal, solitary, about 8 mm. long; capsule inclined, urn 1 mm. long; lid short, conical, deep red; peristome teeth about 375 n
high, deeply bifid, the forks erect, coarsely
spores pale, papillose, diam. 10-18
M-
(Fig. 5,
and densely D-F.)
papillose;
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36576 TYPE. Dept. Quezaltenango: mark 33889. Dept. Suchitepequez Steyermark 35310.
:
Steyer-
Endemic.
On moist rocks and
slopes at
medium
to high altitudes.
Although evidently near F. plurisetus Bartr. of Panama the distinctions are sharply defined and well maintained. In F. Steyermarkii the setae are constantly solitary in all three collections
representing over a hundred fruiting plants; in
all
parts these plants

are about twice the size of F. plurisetus and the leaf cells are distinct and smooth or very faintly papillose.
15
by contrast
10.
FISSIDENS MURICULATUS Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 593.

1869.
Small slender plants with numerous pairs of leaves. Stems 4-5 long. Leaves curved when dry, 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong, broadly acute, not bordered, dorsal blade ending in a rounded lobe at base;
mm.
margins crenulate all around; costa nearly percurrent; cells obscure, Perichaetial leaves indistinctly 6-8 ju, rather bluntly papillose. bordered at base of duplicate blades; seta terminal, 1.5 mm. long;
capsules suberect, peristome teeth entire.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 88961 a.
(Fig. 5,
G-J.)
Distribution:
West
Indies, Brazil.
On tree at moderate altitude. The undivided peristome teeth and faintly bordered perichaetial leaves are clearly diagnostic. Dr. Grout has confirmed the determination with the comment that the papillae of the leaf cells are shorter and blunter than in the type. If Moenkemeyera is recognized as a valid genus this species would
belong there.
H
FIGURE
A-C, Fissidens Weiri: A,
plant,
5
leaf,
X14; C, part of margin of apical blade, X270. D-F, Fissidens Steyermarkii: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, apex of leaf, X 110. G-J, Fissidens muriculatus: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, apex of leaf, XllO; J, part of peristome, XllO.
Xl; B,
16
FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME
25
FIGURE 6 A-B, Fissidens pellucidus: A, leaf, X30; B, upper leaf cells and margin, X320. C-D, Fissidens pusillissimus: C, leaf, X 68; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-G, Fissidens taxifolius: E, plant, XI; F, leaf, X20; G, apex of leaf, XllO.
11.
FISSIDENS ELEGANS Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 691.
1827.
Small dull green plants, laxly gregarious. Stems 4-5 mm. long. Leaves numerous, curved with deflexed points when dry, oblonglanceolate, acute, about 1 mm. long, strongly bordered on the
duplicate blades only; margins of apical and dorsal blades minutely crenulate; costa pellucid, percurrent; cells minute, about 5 /*, obscure,
papillose.
7,
Seta terminal, about 4
mm.
long; capsule suberect.
(Fig.
A-D.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 86644 (distributed as F. radicans).
:
West
Indies,
South America.
The strongly bordered duplicate blades and unbordered apical and dorsal blades distinguish this
at moderate altitude.
species
On wet rock
from any of
its local allies.
12.
FISSIDENS PELLUCIDUS Hornsch., Linnaea 15: 146.

F. subcrenatua Schp., in C.
1841.
F. rufulus
Sull.,
Proc.
F. Wrightii Jaeg.,
M. Syn. Am. Acad. 5: Enum. Fissid. 12.
2: 531.
1851.
275.
1861.
1869.
Small gregarious plants, green tinged with reddish brown. Stems about 5 mm. long, with 8 or 10 pairs of leaves, 1.5 mm. wide with

leaves.
17
Leaves slightly curved when dry, well spaced, not over1
lapping,
mm. long, oblong-ovate, bluntly acute, unbordered, dorsal blade ending abruptly at base of costa; margins crenulate; costa strong, brownish, ending below apex; leaf cells hexagonal, smooth, Seta slender, 3 mm. long; large and pellucid, to 15 n in diam.
capsule small, ovoid, erect.
(Fig. 6,
A-B.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 5181.
Distribution: Georgia, Mexico,
Moist bank at moderate altitude.
West Indies to Brazil. The small size, unbordered
leaves with relatively large, smooth, pellucid cells are distinctive as compared with all the other Guatemalan species.
13.
FISSIDENS DONNELLII Aust., Bot. Gaz. 4: 151.
1879.
Stems short. Leaves numerous, Autoicous; minute plants. narrowly oblong, usually broadly subacute, unbordered, crenulate all around; costa ending 3-5 cells below apex; cells unipapillate. Seta terminal, 2-4 mm. long; capsule small, erect. (Fig. 7, E-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M086, 44957, 44968.
Standley 84S17.
Dept. Quezaltenango
West
Indies.
FIGURE
Fissidens elegans: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, XllO; D, apex of duplicate blades, XllO. E-F, Fissidens Donnellii: E, leaf, X14; F, apex of leaf, X270. G-I, Fissidens radicans: G, leaf, X14; H, apex of leaf, XllO; I, apex of leaf,
A-D,
X270.
18
25
On wet banks and

The toothed margin
feature of this species.
calcareous rocks at
medium
of the duplicate blades
may
to high altitudes. be a distinctive
14.
FISSIDENS RADICANS Mont., Ann.
Sci.
Nat. 11, 14: 345.
1840.
Stems often innovating. Slightly larger than F. Donnellii. Leaves oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, scarcely tapering above until just below apex where the blade is contracted to a short, obtuse point; costa ending below apex; margins of duplicate blades finely crenulate and similar to apical margins.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 3387 in part.
(Fig. 1, G-I.)
Panama, Porto Rico,
British
and
French Guiana.
lowland species.
The
larger size
will help to distinguish this species
and different shaped leaves from F. Donnellii.

191.
15.
FISSIDENS STEEREI Grout, No. Amer. Flora 15 3
1943.
Leaves less than 1 mm. rounded at apex, unbordered, crenulate-serrate long, broadly ovate, all around; costa ending 5-8 cells below apex; cells hexagonal, 8-10 n,
Minute plants
similar to F. Donnellii.
coarsely
unipapillate,
pellucid.
the
elongate and
marginal row somewhat transversely Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 8, A-C.)
Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32913.
Distribution: Porto Rico.
Base of waterfall at medium altitude. The relatively broader, and with the costa ending slightly lower will distinguish this species from F. Donnellii.
shorter leaves, rounded at apex
16.
FISSIDENS PUSILLISSIMUS Steere, Ann. Bryol. 10: 116.
1938.
Minute, laxly gregarious plants, yellowish green. Stems less than 2 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves in 4 to 6 pairs, 0.3-0.5 mm. long, oblong, obtusely rounded, unbordered; costa strong, brownish, ending well below apex; margins
papillose-crenulate all around; dorsal blade ending at leaf insertion or in the reduced lower leaves ending some distance above base of
costa; cells strongly pluripapillose
Dept. Peten: Lundell 29^8.
and obscure.
(Fig. 6,
C-D.)
Distribution: British Honduras.

Bark
of tree at
19
low altitude.
rare lowland species so small
and inconspicuous that it is likely to be collected only by chance. The obscure pluripapillose leaf cells should distinguish this species from its near allies in the Crenularia Section without much trouble.
17.
FISSIDENS AUSTRO-ADIANTOIDES C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:

547.
1897.
1910.
Fissidens incrassatolimbatus Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 119.
cm. high, branched. Stems to 8 mm. wide with leaves, densely foliate. Leaves flexuous with contorted points when dry 5-6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, short acuminate, bordered all around with a distinct band of incrassate cells in 4-5 rows and in 2 layers in spots; margins coarsely and irregularly toothed toward apex; costa percurrent; cells 12-15 M in diam., irregularly rounded, with thick, pellucid walls. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 8, D-E.)
Robust
plants, 6-7
7160k, 89819.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Turckheim 7722 (as F. incrassatolimbatus Card.); Standley Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 48865, 48575, 48866a.
:
Distribution: Jamaica.
On rocks and trees at medium altitudes. I have a single plant from the type collection of F. incrassatolimbatus Card. (Turckheim
FIGURE 8
A-C, D-E, F-H, Fissidens
cells
Fissidens Steerei: A, leaf, X14; B, leaf, X54; C, apex of leaf, X270. Fissidens austro-adiantoides: D, leaf, X14; E, apex of leaf, XllO.
asplenioides: F, leaf,
X14; G, apex
of leaf,
XllO; H, upper
leaf
and margin, X270.
20
25
7722} which seems to be inseparable from the collections cited above which Dr. Grout has referred to F. austro-adiantoides C. M. In all of these collections the border is bistratose in spots here and there
but never continuously. The apical teeth are irregular and vary I have not seen any authentic considerably on the same plant. F. Bourgaeanus Besch., but the distinctions seem rather material of vague and I should not be surprised if eventually both F. austroadiantoides and F. incrassatolimbatus will have to be included in
F. Bourgaeanus.
18.
FISSIDENS ASPLENIOIDES Hedw. Sp. Muse. 156.
1801.
Rather robust yellowish green plants growing in dense colonies. Stems usually simple, 1.5-5 cm. long, densely foliate. Leaves erect-spreading with strongly circinate tips when dry, about 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ligulate, unbordere'd, obtusely rounded at apex; margins minutely crenulate all around; costa ending well below apex;
cells
irregularly hexagonal,
dense,
not incrassate, 8-10
M-
Seta
terminal, 4-6
mm.
long; capsule oblong, inclined.
(Fig. 8,
F-H.)
Dept. San Marcos: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69651, 70502, 71151. Steyermark 35988, 36010, 36488, 36494, 36647; Standley 68483, 864.58. Dept. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65328, 83267, Totonicapan: Standley 65942. 83279, 83504, 83685, 84607, 85121, 85529, 85939, 85667, 85951, 85998; Steyermark 34723, 35111, 35139, 35153. Dept. Suchitepequez Steyermark 46852. Dept. Dept. Dept. Solola: Standley 62350, 62749. Sacatepequez: Standley 58957. Chimaltenango: Standley 61529, 62013, 79906. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42221, 42672, 43204. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30922.
:
:
Distribution:
Wide
in tropical regions
throughout the world.
banks, rocks and trees at medium to high altitudes. Easily recognized by the slender fronds with the leaf points neatly coiled backwards when dry. It is often richly colored and is by far the commonest species of the genus throughout Central America.
19.
On damp
FISSIDENS LINGULATUS C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 172.

IFissidens gracilifrondeus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 172.
1897.
1897.
Moderately large plants. Stems to 1.5 cm. long. Leaves to 20 broadly rounded and slightly crenulate at apex, about 2 mm. the length of long; costa ending below apex; duplicate blades to the leaf; cells rounded, 7-10 n, mammillose, smaller toward margins.
pairs,
(Fig. 9,
A-B.)
Cuesta de Atitlan: Bernoulli
&
Cario 115.

The only
21
plants I have seen are from Mexico and these seem to from F. asplenioides in the broader leaves with the apices uniformly rounded without any suggestion of an apiculus. The duplicate blades are also relatively longer but the distinctions are
differ
neither sharp nor very convincing.
20.
FISSIDENS SIMILIRETIS Sull. var. GUADALUPENSIS 3 193. 1943. Grout, No. Amer. Flora 15
:
(Schimp.)
Very
apex
is
similar in every way to F. asplenioides except that the leaf broadly acute instead of obtusely rounded. (Fig. 9, C-D.)
distrib. as F. asplenioides).
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35701*, 361*92 (both
Distribution:
With the
species,
West
Indies.
On shaded banks
at high altitudes.
The
distinctions
between
In fact the series of these plants and F. asplenioides are slight. F. asplenioides from Guatemala shows considerable variation in the
form of the
leaf
apex from broadly rounded to obtuse and minutely
apiculate so that both F. lingulatus and F. similiretis guadalupensis as represented here might be included in the form circle of F. asplenioides without
much
violence to conservative judgment.
FIGURE 9
A-B, Fissidens lingulatus: A, leaf, X14; B, apex of leaf, XI 10. C-D, Fissidens similiretis var. guadalupensis: C, leaf, X14; D, apex
X110.
of leaf,
E-G,
cells
Fissidens polypodioides: E, leaf, X14; F, apex of leaf, X54; G, upper leaf
and margin, X270.
22
25
21.
FISSIDENS TAXIFOLIUS Hedw., Sp. Muse. 155.
1801.
Medium sized plants, laxly gregarious, dark green. Stems 6-7 mm. high, about 3 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves numerous,
crowded, with strongly circinate tips when dry, widely spreading when moist, 2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute or short acuminate,
unbordered; margins serrulate all around; costa pale, short excurrent; cells small, dense, opaque, rounded-hexagonal, diam. 8-10 n, convex on free surfaces, one or two rows at margins paler but not forming a
distinct border.
Setae lateral from near base of stem, to 15

,
mm.
long; capsule inclined, asymmetrical, peristome teeth bright red.

(Fig. 6,
E-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Sharp 2987.
Distribution
Canada and eastern United States south
to Florida,
Missouri and Arizona.
are
Shaded banks and slopes at moderate altitudes. Here the leaves more sharply pointed than in most of the United States collections but otherwise the agreement is close. This is a significant
discovery in line with the occurrence of so many north temperate types in the highlands of Guatemala. The species has not been recorded before in North America south of the Mexican border.
22.
FISSIDENS POLYPODIOIDES Hedw., Sp. Muse. 154.
1801.
Dioicous; robust, frondose yellowish green plants. Stems simple or sparingly branched, 2-8 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide. Leaves numerous, not crowded, curved at tips when dry, oblong-lingulate, abruptly
rounded and bluntly apiculate, entire, not bordered, 4-5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide above; costa percurrent; cells hexagonal, to 20 n long, smaller toward margins. Setae lateral, about 1 cm. long; capsule
inclined,
narrowly pyriform.
:
(Fig. 9,
E-G.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49748. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 37261. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29962, 42658, 43306. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31020.
Distribution: Southeastern United States, Mexico,
West
Indies,
Central and South America.
On damp banks, rocks and trees at medium to high altitudes. Although the apical margins are usually repand and the apex varies considerably in outline the teeth are not quite as sharp and pronounced as in F. Oerstedianus.

23.
23
FISSIDENS OERSTEDIANUS C. M., Syn. 2: 529.

Slightly wide.
1851.
species, fronds 8-10 Leaves serrate near apex with sharp, irregular teeth. Capsule horizontal, subcylindric. (Fig. 10, A-B.)
more robust than the preceding
mm.
Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark $318.
Distribution: Costa Rica,
Panama.
moist banks at high altitude. The distinctions between this and F. polypodioides are not always as clear as they might be and I am doubtful if they can be specifically separated.
species
24.
On
FISSIDENS GRANDIFRONS Brid., Muse. Rec. Suppl.
170.
1806.
Dull brownish green plants in dense mats. Stems 2-4 cm. long or longer, rigid, often branched below, densely foliate, fronds 2-3 mm. wide. Leaves rigidly erect-spreading, about 3 mm. long, unbordered,
linear-lanceolate,
apex;
cells
margins.
bluntly acute, entire, opaque; costa ending in hexagonal, incrassate, in 2 or more layers except at Setae lateral, capsules erect, fruit rare. (Fig. 10, C-D.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark mark 36897.
5000,4, 50005.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyer-
Distribution: Southern Canada, United States, Mexico, Europe,

Asia.
FIGURE 10 A-B, Fissidens Oerstedianus: A, leaf, X8; B, apex of leaf, X54. C-D, Fissidens grandifrons: C, leaf, X14; D, apex of leaf, X54. E-G, Fissidens debilis: E, leaf, X8; F, apex of leaf, X54; G, upper
X270.
leaf cells,
24
25
On wet
high altitudes.
rocks or submerged in streams in calcareous regions at These collections seem to represent the southern
limit of distribution in
North America.
2
:
25.
FISSIDENS DEBILIS Schwaegr., Suppl.

Fissidens julianus Schimp., Flora 21: 271.
11.
1816.
1838.
Conomitrium Turckheimi C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 173.
1897.
Slender floating plants, yellowish at tips, dark brown below. Stems branching, 3 cm. long or often much longer. Leaves distant,
spreading, flexuous when dry, to 5-6 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, bluntly acute; costa ending well below apex; cells irregularly hexagonal, to 25 p. long, smaller toward margins. Fruit rare, terminal on
short lateral branches, seta shorter than capsule.

Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75512.
(Fig. 10,
E-G.)
Distribution: United States, Mexico, South America, Europe,

Africa.
is
On rocks in stream at moderate altitude. This sterile collection one of the smaller forms with stems only 2-3 cm. long. Muller also cites two collections from Alta Verapaz.
4.
DITRICHACEAE
Slender densely caespitose plants. Stems erect, sparingly branched. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed near apex; costa percurrent; cells smooth, not differentiated at basal Seta erect; capsules erect or nodding; peristome simple, angles. of 16 slender teeth, entire or split nearly to base into 2 filiform forks;
lid conical
1.
or beaked; annulus broad; spores small.

1.
Capsules immersed, peristome lacking Capsules exserted, peristome present
Bryomanginia
2
2.
2.
Leaves 2 ranked, peristome teeth obliquely striolate Leaves not 2 ranked, peristome teeth papillose
Distichium
3
3.
Upper Upper
leaf cells elongate, capsules leaf cells quadrate, capsule
smooth
furrowed when dry
4. 3.
Ditrichum Ceratodon
1.
BRYOMANGINIA
TheY., Rec. de Trav. Crypt.
1.
1931.
Leaves linear, concave, Small, densely tufted alpine plants. obtuse, entire; costa faint, short; cells oval, smooth, elongate below.
Seta short; capsule small, ovoid, immersed; peristome lacking; annulus large; lid convex.

1.
25
BRYOMANGINIA SAINT PIERREI Thr., Rec. de Trav. Crypt. 2. 1931. Autoicous; small, brittle, reddish brown plants growing in dense,
Stems
erect, to 1.5
compact cushions.
1.5
cm. high.
Leaves
erect,
mm.
long, linear, deeply concave, obtuse; margins erect, entire;
costa about 50 n wide below, narrower upward, poorly defined, ending near or above mid-leaf; upper cells oval, incrassate, smooth, oblique,
to 15 n long, 6-8 /* wide, inner basal cells rectangular, pellucid, 1215 n wide, to 75 M long, narrower toward margins. Capsule ovoid,
smooth, 0.5-0.6 mm. long, immersed or emergent, on a short, fleshy seta about 0.5 mm. long; peristome none; annulus large and persistent, about 65 M high, of 2-3 rows of cells; lid convex, mammillate; spores pale brown, minutely papillose, diam. 25 /x- (Fig. 11, A-E.)
Dept. San Marcos: Sharp 5^23.
rare, alpine species previously
Non-calcareous boulder near summit of Volcan Tajumulco. A known only from the type locality on Nevada de Toluca, Mexico. Superficially the plants are suggestive of Andreaea but the structural details are of course distinctive.
2.
DISTICHIUM
Bry. Eur. fasc. 29-30.
1846.
Stems dichotomously Slender, silky plants in dense tufts. branched, densely tomentose below. Leaves distichous, abruptly
FIGURE 11
A-E, Bryomanginia Saint Pierrei: A, plant, XI; B, capsule, X20; C, X20; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; E, basal leaf cells, X270.
leaf,
F-H, Ditrichum
rufescens: F, plant,
Xl; G,
leaf,
X12; H, capsule, XlO.
26
25
narrowed to a spreading, subulate point from an oblong, sheathing

base; costa long excurrent. Seta elongate; capsule suberect; peristome teeth irregularly divided.
1.
DISTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

Cynontodium capillaceum Hedw., Sp. Muse.
57.
fasc.
29-30.
1846.
1801.
Stems to Plants densely tufted or mixed with other mosses. more high. Leaves 4-5 mm. long, in 2 ranks, the slender, spreading, coarsely papillose point longer than the erect, clasping
3 cm. or
base.
Costa long excurrent; basal cells linear, gradually becoming subquadrate above shoulders. Seta slender, to 2 cm. long; capsule erect, oblong-cylindric; peristome teeth 16, obliquely striolate. (Fig. 12, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81627, 81672, 83090a.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan in temperate, arctic
and antarctic
regions and at high altitudes in the tropics. On rocks in alpine regions. The widely spreading, papillose leaf points readily separate this species from any of the local species of Ditrichum.
3.
CERATODON
Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:480.
1826.
Plants densely tufted.

ovate-lanceolate, contorted
Stems
erect,
closely foliate.
Leaves
dry; margins recurved; costa short excurrent; cells smooth, subquadrate, elongate below. Seta erect, elongate; capsule suberect; peristome teeth split nearly to base.
1.
when
CERATODON STENOCARPUS Bry. Eur.
fasc.
29-30.
1846.
Ceratodon vulcanicus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 191.
1897.
Tufts yellowish above, brown below. Stems to 2 cm. or more long. Leaves crowded, curved and contorted when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved nearly to apex, coarsely toothed near tip; costa subpercurrent; upper cells quadrate, Seta about 2 cm. long, pale incrassate, basal cells rectangular. yellow; capsules suberect or often arcuate and inclined, brown, urn 2 mm. long, sulcate when dry; peristome teeth brown, sharply
papillose, divided nearly to base.
(Fig. 12,
D-F.)
. :
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 83092. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35787, 36118. Dept. Totonicapan Standley 62699a, 8^63, 8^551 Dept. Quezaltenango
:
Steyermark 3^212, 3^625; Standley 67620, 85751 a, 85752. Standley 61909, 80602.
Dept. Chimaltenango

Distribution: Southern Arizona, Mexico, south along
Bolivia, also southern Europe, tropical Asia, Africa.
27
Andes to
and dry banks at high altitudes. These colare uniformly different from the cosmopolitan C. purpureus lections in the pale setae and more erect, paler capsules. Occasionally a capsule will be nearly horizontal but the great majority are only
ledges, rocks
slightly inclined to suberect.
On
4.
DITRICHUM
(Timm.) Hampe, Flora 50: 181.
1867.
Small tufted plants.
Stems
erect.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate,
subulate-acuminate; costa strong; upper cells linear or oval, basal cells rectangular, alar cells not differentiated. Seta slender, elongate;
capsules erect or slightly curved; peristome teeth 16, papillose, divided to base or cleft above.
1.
Leaf base oblong, abruptly narrowed at shoulders Leaf base ovate, gradually narrowed upward
1.
D.
gracile
2 3
2.
Stems 6-10 cm. long Stems 2-3.5 cm. long

Leaves 5-8 Leaves 3-4
4
3.
3.
mm. mm.
long long
2.
D. giganteum D. longicaule
U(
H
FIGURE 12
A-C, Distichium capillaceum: A,
X8.
leaf,
X8; B, apex
of leaf,
XllO; C, capsule,
D-F, Ceratodon
G-I, Ditrichum and margin, X270.
stenocarpus: D, plant,
gracile:
G,
leaf,
XI; E, leaf, X20; F, capsule, X8. X8; H, apex of leaf, XllO; I, upper leaf cells
28
4.
25
Seta 5 mm. long, peristome teeth irregularly cleft, not bifid. 4. D. Steyermarkii Seta 1-2 cm. long, peristome teeth split to base 5
Dioicous, seta to 1 cm. long Paroicous, seta to 2 cm. long
5.
5.
6.
D. ambiguum D. rufescens
1.
DITRICHUM GRACILE
(Mitt.) Par., Ind. Bryol. ed.

1869.
393.
1895.
Cynontodium gracile Mitt., Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 43.
Stems 2-4 cm. long. Dioicous; slender, glossy, tawny plants. Leaves erect with points often spirally twisted when dry, to 4 mm. long, abruptly linear-subulate from an oblong, clasping base, toothed at extreme apex; costa long excurrent; basal cells linear, incrassate, often very narrow and hyaline toward margins, quickly shorter toward leaf shoulders, irregularly oval above. Seta about 12 mm.
long; capsule suberect.
Dept. Solola: Steyermark
(Fig. 12, G-I.)
-47.437, .47503.
Distribution: Mexico, Ecuador.

of the leaf points
The spiral twisting obvious. Several species of the southern quite hemisphere show the same character but it is not shared by any other North American species I know of.
exposed rocky summit of Volcan Atitlan.
is
On
2.
DITRICHUM LONGICAULE
Bartr., Bryol. 49: 109.
1946.
Tall, slender plants in yellowish green tufts.
Stems to 10 cm.
long, sparsely radiculose below. Leaves suberect, to 4.25 mm. long, not crowded, curved and flexuous when dry, rather quickly conlinear subula, flat
erect; costa
tracted from an oblong-ovate, concave base to a long, narrowly above and coarsely toothed at apex; margins
broad below, long excurrent; basal
cells linear
with
thickened, pellucid walls,
much
shorter and irregularly oval above.
Sporophyte unknown.
alt.
(Fig. 13,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan Tajumulco, 3,800-4,600 m., Steyermark 355 H, TYPE.
Similar in general appearance to robust forms of D. flexicaule but distinct in the flat, linear leaf subula which is coarsely toothed at and near the extreme apex. D. crinale (Tayl.) Par. of Ecuador has longer leaves (6-7 mm.) with longer, finer, setaceous points.
3.
DITRICHUM GIGANTEUM Williams,

1901.
Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Card.
2: 113.
brown below.
Dioicous; plants in deep, dense tufts, yellowish green above, Stems branched, 10 cm. or more long. Leaves

laxly spreading, often falcate, to 7-8
29
mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, toothed near apex; costa long gradually long acuminate, slightly excurrent; basal cells linear with thick, pitted walls, upper cells
oval.
(Fig. 13,
D-F.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 83085, 83086, 83087, 83090c, 83091 a.
Distribution: Alaska, northern United States.
In shade of juniperus forest at high altitudes. Although lacking reasonably sure. The gap in distribution is wide but not without precedent when the alpine moss flora of Guatemala is considered as a whole.
fruit the identity of these collections is
4.
DITRICHUM STEYERMARKII
1946.
Stems 1.52 cm. high, simple or branched above, sparingly radiculose below. Leaves erect-appressed when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 3.54 mm. long, gradually subulate-acuminate from an oblong, concave
Slender, dull yellowish green plants, densely tufted.
base, sharply serrate at extreme apex; costa broad
and
indistinct
below, short excurrent; upper leaf cells subquadrate, diam. 8-10 n, basal cells narrowly rectangular, hyaline. Perichaetial leaves
Li
FIGURE 13
A-C, Ditrichum longicaule: A, leaf, X14; B, apex of leaf, XllO; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-F, Ditrichum giganteum: D, leaf, X8; E, apex of leaf, XllO; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. G-J, Ditrichum Steyermarkii: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, apex of leaf,
XllO;
J,
part of peristome, XllO.
30
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
abruptly narrowed from a clasping base to a linear-subulate point. Seta short, 5 mm. long; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindrical, barely exceeding the tips of the perichaetial leaves; urn scarcely 2 mm.
long; operculum red, conic-rostrate, 1
mm.
long; peristome teeth 16,
pale, densely papillose, irregularly cleft, not bifid; spores
smooth,
diam. 10 M
(Fig. 13,
G-J.)
Dept. San Marcos: Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 m., Steyermark 35657, TYPE.
characterized
A highly individual species Crevices of banks of dry slope. by the short setae and irregularly cleft peristome teeth.
DITRICHUM AMBIGUUM
Best, Bull. Torr. Bot.
5.
Club 20 117.
:
1893.
Dioicous; dull yellowish green plants. Stems to 1.5 cm. high. Leaves crowded, erect with spreading points when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate; margins slightly recurved, entire or weakly toothed; costa percurrent; cells rectangular, Seta 8-9 mm. long; capsule erect, cylindric; lid conicincrassate.
rostrate, nearly 1
mm.
long; peristome teeth divided to the short

papillose.
(Fig. 14,
basal
membrane, densely and sharply

Columbia
A-D.)
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 6024.5.
Distribution: British
to California.
On
and
I
this collection
dry open bank at moderate altitude. The differences between and authentic material of D. ambiguum are negligible have little hesitation in referring them here.
Broth., E.
6.
DITRICHUM RUFESCENS (Hampe)

I
3
:
&
P. Nat. Pflanzenf.
300.
1901.
Leptotrichum rufescens
Hampe, Linnaea
31: 521.
1862.
Paroicous; antheridia in a bud-like cluster just below the perichaetium. Slender, silky plants, densely tufted, green above, reddish brown below. Stems erect, to 1 cm. high, sparsely radiculose. Leaves
erect, flexuous, the uppermost to 3.5 mm. long, slenderly subulateacuminate from a short, ovate base; margins erect, entire; costa broad and poorly defined below, excurrent with a few blunt teeth at apex; cells linear, smooth. Seta to 2 cm. long, pale, becoming reddish with age; capsule slightly curved, urn to 3 mm. long, smallmouthed; lid conic-rostrate, 1 mm. long; annulus broad; peristome
teeth erect, pale red, cleft to base into 2 filiform, densely papillose
forks; spores smooth, pale, diam. 10-12
/*.
(Fig. 11,
F-H.)

Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 5307.
4950.
31
Dept. Huehuetenango
Sharp 4879,
Distribution: Mexico to Colombia,
West
Indies, Venezuela.
fruits freely
Moist, shaded banks at moderately high altitudes. This species and will be easily recognized by the paroicous inflores-
cence.
5.
SELIGERIACEAE
Slender or small mostly rupestral plants. Leaves subulateacuminate from a broader base; costa strong, excurrent; cells smooth,
alar
group strongly differentiated in Blindia. Seta erect or curved; capsule pyriform, wide-mouthed; peristome single, of 16 undivided
teeth.
1.
BLINDIA
1846.
Plants medium sized. Stems branched. Leaves lanceolate; cells narrow, smooth, incrassate, inflated and colored at basal angles in a conspicuous group. Seta elongate; capsule turbinate when dry, peristome teeth 16, smooth, entire; annulus lacking.
1.
BLINDIA ACUTA (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

Weisia acuta Hedw., Sp. Muse. 71.
1801.
fasc.
33-36.
1846.
H
FIGURE 14
A-D, Ditrichum ambiguum: A,

D, part of peristome, XllO.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
of leaf,
XllO;
E-H, Blindia
leaf cells,
acuta: E, plant,
Xl; F,
X14; G, apex
J, leaf,
XllO; H, basal
X270. I-K, Trematodon
longicollis: I, plant,
Xl;
X14; K, capsule, X8.
32
25
Dioicous; plants tufted; stems slender, branched. Leaves subsecund, long subulate from a triangular-lanceolate, concave base, 3-3.5 mm. long, entire; costa strong, long excurrent, obscurely toothed at tip; cells linear, smooth, very incrassate, shorter at ex-
treme base and colored across insertion, alar group large and conspicuous, subquadrate, deep brown. Seta 3-10 mm. long; capsule
turbinate
when dry and empty.

:
(Fig. 14,
E-H.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 83684.
Distribution: Greenland to Alaska south to northern United

States, Europe, Asia.
On wet
sand at high altitude.
This collection
is sterile
is
but as
far as the vegetative characters are concerned it Blindia acuta.
certainly good
6.
DICRANACEAE
densely
Stems simple or forked, Plants often robust, closely tufted. Leaves erect or secund, often foliate, tomentose below.
crispate, lanceolate; costa single, usually well developed; basal cells rectangular, smaller and usually subquadrate above, alar group
Seta mostly elongate, straight or usually strongly differentiated. cygneous; capsules erect or curved, cylindric or ovoid, often plicate;
peristome single, of 16 teeth, cleft to or below middle, usually striolate below, papillose above; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra cucullate,
entire or fringed at base.
1.
Capsule neck slender and spongy, longer than urn Capsule neck inconspicuous, shorter than urn
Alar
cells clearly differentiated
1.
Trematodon
2 3 9 4 7 5
6
2.
Alar
3.
cells
not or scarcely differentiated
Costa broad, }/$ the width of leaf base or more Costa narrow, less than the width of leaf base
4.
Seta strongly cygneous or flexuous Seta erect and straight
when moist
5.
Upper Upper
leaf cells oval or
leaf cells linear, calyptra
rhomboidal, calyptra usually fringed 5. Campylopus not fringed 8. Dicranodontium

. .
6.
Calyptra fringed, peristome teeth undivided Calyptra not fringed, peristome teeth bifid
7. 6.
Pilopogon
Atradylocarpus
17.
7.
Leaves with a hyaline border Leaves not bordered

Peristome teeth papillose, perichaetium conspicuous Peristome teeth striolate, perichaetium inconspicuous
Leucoloma
8
8.
15.
Holomitrium
16.
Dicranum

9.
33
10
11
10. 12.
Leaf Leaf
cells
cells
mammillose or smooth
papillose
10.
Peristome lacking, leaf Peristome present, leaf
cells papillose
Amphidium
Oncophorus
9.
cells
mammillose
11.
Costa broad, occupying more than Yi of leaf base the width of leaf base Costa narrow, less than
Brothera
12
12. Seta stout, strongly
curved when moist
4.
Campylopodium
13
2.
Seta slender, erect

13.
Leaves appressed, male flower conspicuous, discoid Leaves spreading, male flower inconspicuous, gemmiform
Aongstroemia
14
3. Dicranella,
14.
Leaves erect-spreading, not crispate Leaves crispate when dry

11.
15
15. Small, delicate plants, capsule 8 ribbed, seta short
Rhabdoweisia
16
Larger plants, capsule smooth, seta elongate

16.
Leaf base obovate, sheathing, abruptly narrowed to blade. .13. Symblepharis Leaf base oblong, gradually narrowed upward 14. Dicrarioweisia
1.
TREMATODON
Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 289. 1803.
Small gregarious plants. Leaves slenderly pointed from an ovate, concave base; costa ending below apex; cells smooth. Seta elongate; capsule curved, with a neck about twice as long as urn; peristome
single, of 16 teeth.
1.
TREMATODON LONGICOLLIS Michx.,

Trematodon
reflexus C.
Fl. Bor.
1848.
Amer.
2: 289.
1803.
M., Syn.
459.
mm. high. Leaves spreading, flexuous, from an ovate, concave base, blunt and toothed at apex; costa stout, ending under apex; cells rectangular, more elongate below. Seta yellow, 1-3 cm. long; capsule curved, cylindric, urn 2 mm. long, neck often longer than urn and strumose at base; peristome teeth reddish brown from a low basal membrane, vertically striolate; annulus broad; lid long beaked; spores about 20/z in
Autoicous: stems 2-3
abruptly linear
diam.
(Fig. 14, I-K.)
Distribution:
Eastern
United
States,
Mexico,
Cuba, South
America, Europe, Philippines,
New
Guinea, Ceylon.
mala but
This widely distributed species has been recorded from GuateI have seen no local collections and it does not appear in
of Standley's or Steyermark's collections.
any
34
25
t
H
FIGURE 15
A-C, Aongstroemia jamaicensis: A,
C, leaf,
fertile
plant,
Xl; B, male
plant,
Xl;
X 14.
D-F, Aongstroemia orientalis: D, plants, Xl; E and F, leaves, X27. G-I, Dicranella vaginata: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, capsule, X8.
2.
AONGSTROEMIA
1846.
Stems short to slender and elongate, julaceous. Leaves appressed, ovate; costa strong; cells rather elongate and smooth. Seta smooth, erect; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric; peristome teeth when
present inserted below rim, often split or perforate.
Plants 4-6 cm. high, leaves acuminate Plants less than 1 cm. high, leaves obtuse
1.
2.
A. jamaicensis A. orientalis
1.
AONGSTROEMIA JAMAICENSIS C. M.,

1897.
Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 554.
Plants glossy; stems Dioicous; antheridial buds conspicuous. mostly simple, laxly tufted, to 6-7 cm. high. Leaves appressed, abruptly subulate from an oblong-ovate, clasping base, to 4-5 mm. long; margins erect; costa long excurrent in a slender, smooth awn; lowest cells rectangular, becoming linear- vermicular upward. Seta 3-4 mm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 1.5-2 mm. long, brown, exceeded
by
tips
papillose, forked
of perichaetial leaves; peristome teeth reddish, narrow, about half way down, perforate below. (Fig. 15,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35951, 3 61*1*1 a, 36^2; Standley 864.20. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65920, 659^1. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 6807 It,
:
8^926.

Distribution: Jamaica, Mexico, Costa Rica.
35
Damp banks at high altitudes. The delicate, filiform, glossy stems of this species are distinctive and not likely to be confused with anything else.
2.
AONGSTROEMIA ORIENTALIS
1891.
Mitt.,
Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 154.
Small, slender, yellowish green plants, closely gregarious. Stems simple or little branched, less than 1 cm. long. Leaves minute,
appressed with secund points, 0.5-0.8
mm. long, ovate, obtuse; erose-denticulate nearly to base; costa ending below apex; margins cells oval-rhomboidal, smooth, incrassate, elongate below. Seta
8-10
mm.
long; capsule erect; peristome lacking.

:
(Fig. 15,
D-F.)
Dept. Huehuetenango
36090, 361 18a.
Steyermark 50228.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark
Distribution: Mexico, Himalayas,

Islands.
Burma, Yunnan, Philippine

little
Dry
found in
3.
slopes at high altitudes.

fruit in
This curious
moss has been
Mexico but the
local collections are sterile.
DICRANELLA
Schimp., Coroll. Bry. Eur.
fasc. 13.
1855.
ing,
Small terrestrial plants growing in tufts or mats. Leaves spreadnarrowly lanceolate; costa stout; cells smooth, alar group not differentiated. Seta slender, erect; capsules erect or inclined; peristome of 16 reddish teeth usually cleft to about middle; lid conicLeaves squarrose-spreading, from an
Leaves erect-spreading from insertion
2.
rostrate, oblique.
1.
erect, obovate, sheathing base

1.
D. vaginata
2
4. D. varia
Capsules cernuous, asymmetrical Capsules erect, symmetrical
3 4 5
3.
Peristome teeth irregularly papillose on outer surface Peristome teeth striolate on outer surface
4.
Peristome teeth 225-250 n high, leaves abruptly narrowed from an oblong base 6. D. Sharpii Peristome teeth 100 n high, leaves ovate-lanceolate 5. D. alpina
Seta 10-15 mm. long, peristome 200-250 M high Seta 5-6 mm. long, peristome under 125 /* high Seta reddish, capsules contracted under mouth when dry. Seta yellowish, capsules not contracted under mouth
.
5.
7
.3.
6.
2.
D. subinclinata D. Hilariana
7.
Blade of inner perichaetial leaves as long as basal part 7. D. lagunaria Blade of inner perichaetial leaves twice as long as basal part 8. D. brachyblepharis
36
25
1.
DICRANELLA VAGINATA (Hook.) Card., La Flore Mag. etc. 60. 1908.

Dicranum vaginatum Hook., Muse. Exot.
pi. 141.
Bryol. d. Ter.
1820.
:
Dicranella Standleyi Bartr., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26 3
57.
1928.
Plants laxly gregarious, slender, 1-4 cm. high. Upper leaves 3-4 mm. long from an obovate, erect, clasping base abruptly narrowed to a spreading setaceous point; costa percurrent; basal cells
rectangular, shorter and irregular at shoulders, subquadrate and Seta erect, 10-12 mm. long; capsules slightly incrassate above.
erect or nodding; peristome teeth reddish brown, densely papillose, divided to below middle; lid long subulate-rostrate. (Fig. 15, G-I.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66247.
Dept. Jutiapa: Steyermark 31938.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador.
On damp banks
at high altitudes.
It
seems more
logical to
confine Aongstroemia to the species with erect, appressed leaves and include Aongstroemia vaginata (Hook.) Card, in Dicranella where
it
belongs from every point of view.
2.
DICRANELLA HILARIANA (Mont.)

31.
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:
1869.
Sci.
Dicranum Hilarianum Mont., Ann.
Nat.
II. 12: 52.
1839.
Leaves spreading, to Small, laxly tufted, pale green plants. 2 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a blunt, toothed apex; costa stout, ending below apex; upper cells short
rectangular,
erect;
more elongate below. Seta about 10 mm. long; capsule peristome teeth vertically striolate below, to 200 ^ long, divided to below middle. (Fig. 17, A-D.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 653^8.
:
Distribution:
Southern United States, Mexico, West Indies,
The above collection is sterile and doubtful but the species should eventually be found in Guatemala, which is well within its geographical range.
3.
DICRANELLA SUBINCLINATA
Lor., Moosst. 160.
1864.
Stems about Slender, yellowish green plants, densely tufted. cm. high, sparsely branched. Leaves erect with slightly contorted
points
when
dry,
more
rigid
when
moist, gradually linear-lanceolate
from an ovate base, to 2
mm.
long, bluntly
rounded and toothed
37
at apex; costa ending just below apex; upper cells rectangular with
firm, pellucid walls, gradually becoming linear toward base. to 8 or 10 mm. long, reddish; capsule dark brown, contracted
Seta
below
mouth when dry; peristome
as in D. Hilariana.
(Fig. 16,
A-C.)
Distribution: Mexico, Central America,
West
Indies.
On bank at moderate altitude. Readily separated from D. Hilariana by the stouter, reddish setae and the capsules contracted below the mouth when dry.
4.
DICRANELLA VARIA (Hedw.) Schimp.,

1855.
Coroll.
Bry.
Eur.
13.
Dicranum varium Hedw., Sp. Muse.
133.
1801.
Small, slender, densely tufted plants, brownish green. Stems to 4 or 5 mm. high. Leaves erect when dry, erect-spreading or slightly secund when moist, the upper to 1.5 mm. long, smaller below, triangular-lanceolate, short acuminate; margins recurved below, denticulate near apex; costa percurrent; cells linear. Seta 7-8 mm.
long, reddish; capsule nodding, curved
1
and asymmetrical, urn about

large, teeth reddish,
mm.
long,
wide-mouthed; peristome relatively
f\
G
FIGURE 16
A-C, Dicranella
X110.
subinclinata: A, plant,
varia:
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
D-F, Dicranella
of peristome,
Cr-J, Dicranella Sharpii:
D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X20; F, capsule, X12. G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X40; I, capsule, X8;
J,
part
XllO.
38

cleft half
25
250-300 M high,
short rostrate.
way down,
striolate;
annulus lacking;
lid
(Fig. 16,
D-F.)
Distribution:
New
Brunswick to Alaska south to Mexico,
Florida and Cuba.
On moist bank at moderate altitude. Several collections have been recorded from Mexico and Cuba but the Guatemalan specimens extend the range appreciably to the southward.
5.
DICRANELLA ALPINA
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 115.

1897.
1900.
Angstroemia alpina C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 186.
Plants similar to the following species.

erect; peristome teeth about 0.1
Nagula,
6653.
alt.
Seta elongate; capsule
mm.
high, papillose (not striolate).

Dept. Alta Verapaz: Turckheim
9,000
ft.,
Bernoulli
&
Cario 6^.
6.
DICRANELLA SHARPII
1947.
Stems erect, 6-7 mm. high. minute below, the upper to 4 mm. long, abruptly erect, lanceolate-subulate from an oblong base about 1 mm. long, sharply
Slender, tufted, yellowish plants.
Leaves
acute; margins entire; costa well defined excurrent; upper leaf cells very narrow, gradually becoming rectangular below with firm lateral
walls.
Seta 7
mm.
long, yellowish; capsule erect, oblong, brownish,
urn 1.5 mm. long, slightly angulate when dry; peristome teeth 225250 n high, irregularly cleft to about middle, papillose, -not striolate; lid obliquely rostrate; annulus broad; spores papillose, diam. 16-18 p..
(Fig. 16, G-J.)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 2^8.
Endemic.
at moderate altitudes. This species seems to be clearly from both D. barbensis Ren. & Card, and D. alpina C. M. in the much longer peristome teeth and the leaves abruptly narrowed above the oblong base to an almost setaceous point with the costa
distinct
On banks
The length of the peristome varies somewhat with the size of the capsules but even in the smaller forms the teeth are over 200 M high.
plainly excurrent.

7.
39
3
:
DICRANELLA LAGUNARIA
309.
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
1901.
1897.
Aongstroemia lagunaria C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 187.
Small plants.
Stems to 8
mm.
high.
Leaves crowded, erect-
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acute; costa ending below apex; Seta cells slightly incrassate, rectangular, more elongate below.
5-6
mm.
Laguna
long; capsule erect; peristome teeth about 0.1
mm.
long,
striolate below, entire or irregularly cleft.

del Pino, Bernoulli
&
Cario 116.
Endemic.
Known
8.
only from the type collection.
DICRANELLA BRACHYBLEPHARIS
12: 34.
(C.
M.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.

:
1869.
1
Aongstroemia brachyblepharis C. M., Syn.
435.
1848.
Small plants cm. high. Leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate; costa subpercurrent; cells rectangular. Perichaetial leaves to 4 mm. long, gradually narrowed to a point twice as long as the ovate base; seta 5 mm. long; capsule erect; peristome as in preceding species.
to 1
(Fig. 17,
E-H.)
Distribution: Mexico, Jamaica.

I
have seen no local specimens of either this species or D. lagunaria.
4.
CAMPYLOPODIUM
Sci.
(C.
M.) Besch., Ann.

1873.
1
:
Nat. V. 18:189.
Angstroemia Sect. Campylopodium C. M., Syn.
429.
1848.
Small plants similar in habit and appearance to Dicranella but markedly in the stout, curved or cygneous setae. Capsules ribbed when dry; peristome teeth striolate, cleft about half way down.
differing
1.
CAMPYLOPODIUM PUSILLUM (Schimp.) Williams, No. Amer. Flora

15 2 :94. 1913.
165.
Campylopus pusillus Schimp., Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. 16: Dicranum magnirete C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 186. 1897.
1872.
Dicranum Turckheimii C. M.,
1897.
Laxly gregarious, yellowish green plants. Stems to 1 cm. high. Leaves spreading, flexuous, to 4 mm. long, abruptly narrowed from
40
25
FIGURE 17
Dicranella Hilariana: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, XllO; D, part of peristome, X134. E-H, Dicranella brachyblepharis: E, plant, Xl; F, part of peristome, X134; G, stem leaf, X14; H, perichaetial leaf, X14.
A-D,
I-K, Campylopodium pusillum:
I,
plant,
Xl;
J, leaf,
a short, ovate, clasping base to a long subulate point; costa stout, excurrent, basal cells rectangular, alar cells not differentiated, shorter and irregular at shoulders, linear above in the. narrow blade. Seta stout, brown, to 6 mm. long, flexuous when dry, cygneous when
moist; capsule oval;
lid
obliquely rostrate; spores coarsely papillose,
diam. 20-24
/x.
(Fig. 17,
I-K.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 8651 5a.
Distribution: Mexico, Jamaica, South America.

tree in wet forest at rather high altitude. The short, broad base without any differentiated alar cells, abruptly narrowed to a long, subulate point will distinguish this species from Campylopus.
leaf
On
5.
CAMPYLOPUS
Brid.,
Muse. Rec. Suppl. 4:
71.
1819.
Dioicous; small to robust plants, densely tufted. Stems often branching, radiculose below. Leaves erect or curved, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, channelled above; margins usually toothed
above; costa very broad below, percurrent or excurrent, often ribbed on back; basal cells narrow, alar group enlarged, hyaline or colored, usually conspicuous, upper cells mostly rhomboidal to short recSeta usually strongly cygneous when moist; capsules tangular.

ovoid, usually ribbed
41
when
dry; peristome teeth divided about half
way down,
The
striolate below; lid rostrate; calyptra cucullate, generally
fringed at base.
species of this difficult genus may be separated into three based on the structure of the costa in cross section. groups
Costa without stereid

malensis.
bands
(Pseudocampylopus)
C.
guate-
Costa with stereid band on dorsal side only (Eucampylopus) C. Chrismari, C. flexuosus, C. fragilis, C. concolor, C. Jamesoni,
C. introflexus.
Costa with stereid bands on both sides of median guide row (Palinocraspis): C. savannarum, C. filifolius, C. arctocarpus,
C. Richardi.
1.
Marginal Marginal
cells of leaf
cells of leaf
base short, quadrate, chlorophyllose base elongate, hyaline
.8.
C.
savannarum
2
2.
Leaves generally with hyaline tips Leaves with concolorous tips

. .
3.
Costa strongly ridged on back, basal cells hyaline, thin walled 7. C. introflexus Costa smooth or faintly ridged on back, basal cells incrassate, porose
11. C. Richardi
4.
Cells of leaf base with firm, pellucid walls Cells of leaf base lax, with thin, delicate walls
5.
Basal
cells more or median guide row

cells
less pitted,
costa with stereid bands on both sides of 6

cells
3.
Basal leaf
large
6.
not pitted, costa with dorsal stereid band only, ventral
C. flexuosus
Leaves in interrupted tufts, apex slender Stems equally foliate, apex of leaf short and stout
9. C. filifolius
10. C. arctocarpus
7.
Leaf base distinctly bordered to shoulders with 6-10 rows of linear, hyaline cells 2. C. Chrismari Leaf base not distinctly bordered 8
Alar Alar
cells cells
8.
not differentiated
strongly differentiated
4. C. fragilis
9.
Leaves 4-4.5 Leaves 10
mm.
or
long, entire except at extreme apex, costa without stereids 1. C. guatemalensis
mm.
more
long, costa with dorsal stereid
band
5.
10
C. concolor
10.
Costa less than 1 mm. wide Costa over 1 mm. wide
6.
C. Jamesoni
1.
CAMPYLOPUS GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
Slender, compactly tufted, pale green plants, slightly glossy. Stems branched, tomentose nearly to tips, 2-6 or 7 cm. high. Leaves
42
25
FIGURE 18
A-E, Campylopus guatemalensis: A, part of plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, apex XllO; D, calyptra, X14; E, part of cross section of costa, X270. F-J, Campylopus Chrismari: F, part of plant, Xl; G, leaf, X8; H, apex of leaf, XllO; I, calyptra, X14; J, part of cross section of costa, X270.
of leaf,
erect-spreading, 4-6 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, tubulose above, the entire except for a few teeth at extreme apex; costa at least
width of
long excurrent, without stereids; basal cells thin walled, alar group conspicuous, hyaline or brownish, rectangular, inflated and auriculate, upper cells small, rhomboidal. Seta 5 mm. long, bent near middle or strongly sinuous; capsule elliptic, urn
leaf base,
1.5
mm.
long; calyptra fringed at base.
(Fig. 18,
A-E.)
:
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83 101 a. Dept. Quezaltenango 86125, 86137, 86159 TYPE, 86182, 86186; Steyermark 3^656.
Standley 86121,
Endemic.
On rocks in alpine regions. Although near C. Schimperi Milde even in structural details, I feel that these plants are best treated as a distinct species. The longer leaves, in some cases reaching 5-6 mm., more spreading both moist and dry, are distinctive features. It will be separated from C. Chrismari by the unbordered leaf base,
the more conspicuous alar cells and the calyptra fringed at the base.
2.
CAMPYLOPUS CHRISMARI
88.
(C.
M.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:

1855.
1869.
Zeit. 13: 761.
Dicranum Chrismari C. M., Bot.
43
tufts.
Slender, silky, glossy, yellowish green plants growing in compact Stems branched, to 6-7 cm. high. Leaves spreading, often
secund, to 6-7 mm. long, from a short, ovate base tapering gradually to a long, tubulose, setaceous point, denticulate only at extreme apex; costa long excurrent, with a weak stereid band on the dorsal
side only; basal cells rectangular, thin walled, very narrow and elongate toward margins forming a wide, distinct hyaline border,
enlarged alar cells few, inconspicuous, upper cells irregularly rhomboidal, longer than wide. Seta 12-15 mm. long, cygneous; capsule
narrowly ovoid; calyptra not fringed at base.
(Fig. 18, F-J.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36101*. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62688, 62706a, 62707, 62729, 65869, 81*1*17, 81*502, 84516, 81*562a. Dept. Quezaltenango Dept. Standley 67691, 67771*, 671*1*9, 85868, 85890; Steyermark 31*182, 31*81*6. Chimaltenango: Standley 6181*l*a, 6181*7.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica.
On banks,
cells
rocks and trees in alpine regions. The scattered stereid on the dorsal side of the costa indicate that this species should
be included in the Sec. Eucampylopus. In well developed plants the wide border of narrow cells extending nearly to the top of the leaf base is a reliable diagnostic character.
3.
CAMPYLOPUS FLEXUOSUS (Hedw.)

71.
Brid.,
1819.
145.
Dicranum flexuosum Hedw., Sp. Muse.
1801.
Campylopus gracilicaulis Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 83. 1869. Dicranum Hellerianus Hampe, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 507. Campylopus tallulensis S. & L. Sull., Ic. Muse. 27. 1872. Dicranum Donnellii Aust., Bot. Gaz. 4: 150. 1879.
1869.
Dicranum
subleucogaster C. M., Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club
5: 49.
1879.
Campylopus Sargii
Campylopus
Roellii
Roll., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 38': 8.
1900.
1 :
Ren.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 38

Bartr., Contr. U. S. Nat.
9.
:
1900.
63.
Campylopus straminifolius
Campylopus hondurensis
1929.
Mus. 26 3
1928.
9
:
Bartr., Field
Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bot. Ser. 4
351.
Variable plants; stems 1-6 or 7 cm. high, often with clusters of microphyllous branchlets near tips. Leaves rigid or flexuous when
dry, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a channeled, subulate point, serrulate toward apex; costa mostly excurrent; basal cells
short rectangular toward costa, narrower toward margins, gradually or quickly becoming smaller and subquadrate upward, with firm,
pellucid, unpitted walls, alar cells usually inflated
and
auriculate,
44
25
FIGURE 19
A-D, Campylopus flexuosus: A,

D, one side of leaf base, X134. E-F, Campylopus fragilis: E,
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X8; C, apex
of leaf,
X134;
leaf,
XlO; F, one
side of leaf base,
X134.
hyaline or colored, upper cells short rhomboidal. Seta 8-10 mm. long, strongly curved or cygneous; capsule ovoid, ribbed; calyptra fringed at base. (Fig. 19, A-D.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71051, 9062, 90784, 92068. Dept. San Marcos: Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62664. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 33471; Standley 65334, 67371, 67417 (distr. as C. Chrismari), 67^27 (as C. Chrismari), 67429 (as C. Chrismari), 67460 (as C. Chrismari), 83321, 83376, 83386, 85913, 85916, 85964, 86013, 86033, 86044 (as C. Chrismari), 86048, 86051. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 61910 (as C. Chrismari). Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58424, 80620, 80728. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42660. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30608,
Standley 68592, 68613.
:
Distribution: Southern United States, Mexico, Central America,
Europe.
On damp banks, trees and logs at medium to high altitudes. C. flexuosus is well marked in a broad way by the rectangular cells of the leaf base with firm unpitted, pellucid lateral walls, appreciably It is larger toward costa and gradually narrower toward margins.
an exceedingly variable species and many closely related forms have been described from tropical and subtropical North America based on more or less trivial and inconstant characters which to my mind are not amenable to any orderly or practical classification. These rectangular basal cells change gradually to the small, rhomboidal cells of the upper leaf blade but the gradation is so irregular in plants of the same tuft or even on the same stem that I doubt if it can be

used as a specific indicator.
45
For
this reason it
seems as though
C. gracilicaulis Mitt, naturally falls into the
same concept. ,The
robust forms with tall stems and broader costa include C. Roellii and C. Hellerianus while at the other extreme small plants about 1 cm. high with the costa only 150 M wide or less seem to be inseparable from C. Sargii.
4.
CAMPYLOPUS FRAGILIS
Dicranum flexuosum
(Turn.) Bry. Eur. fasc. 41.

1804.
1847.
fragile Turn., Muse. Hib. 74.
Rather small, densely tufted, yellowish green plants. Stems 1-4 cm. high, densely foliate. Leaves suberect and slightly flexuous when dry, narrowly lanceolate from a pale, oblong base, serrulate toward apex; basal cells rectangular, thin walled, hyaline, narrower toward margins and shorter and subrhomboidal toward leaf shoulders, upper cells short rhomboidal, differentiated alar cells few or none, never auriculate. Seta 5-8 mm. long; calyptra fringed. (Fig. 19,
E-F.)
Standley 65 mark 36391.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69112 (as C. Chrismari). Dept. Huehuetenango 8M (as C. Chrismari); Steyermark 50188. Dept. San Marcos: SteyerDept. Totonicapan: Standley 8^107. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley
:
58745a.
Distribution: Florida, Jamaica, Europe, Asia, Africa.
On damp banks and

collections are all sterile
trees at
medium
to high altitudes.
leaf
These
enlarged
certainty.
alar
cells
base with few or no confirms the determination with reasonable
but the typical
5.
CAMPYLOPUS CONCOLOR (Hook.)

Dicranum
concolor Hook.,
Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1

tab. 138.
476. 1826.
Muse. Exot.
1820.
Robust pale green plants, slightly lustrous. Stems to 6 cm. high, uniformly and densely foliate. Leaves spreading, with long flexuous or secund setaceous points, gradually narrowed from a slender, concave base, 10-14 mm. long, serrulate for some distance below apex; costa excurrent, to 0.8 mm. wide below, stereids on dorsal side only;
basal cells rectangular, thin walled, quickly changing to the small, irregular, subquadrate cells of the upper lamina which is only 1 or 2 cells wide for some distance down, enlarged alar cells auriculate, pale
or hyaline.
(Fig. 20,
Seta short; capsules asymmetrical; calyptra fringed.

Dept.
A-D.)
:
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86229, 86300, 86391; Steyermark 36799. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34325; Standley 85675.
46
25
H
D
FIGURE 20
X6; B, apex of leaf, XllO; C, basal leaf next costa, X134; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E, Campylopus Jamesoni: E, leaf, X6. F-I, Campylopus introflexus: F, plant, XI; G, leaf, X8; H, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; I, part of cross section of costa, X270.
A-D, Campylopus
concolor: A, leaf,
cells
Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Peru.
On damp banks
these notable
at high altitudes.
Although uniformly
essential
sterile
with authentic material of C. concolor from northern South America. This seems to be the first record of the species in North America.
collections
agree in
all
particulars
6.
CAMPYLOPUS JAMESONI (Hook.)

Dicranum Jamesoni Hook.,
Campylopus Standleyi
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
Mus. 26 3
:
1: 126.
1874.
Ic. PI. r. t. 179.
1841.
57.
1928.
C. concolor. Leaves 10-20 mm. long; costa wide below; auriculate alar cells smaller, more numerous and more deeply colored. Seta 12-14 mm. long; capsules asymmet-
More robust than
1-1.6
mm.
rical,
curved.
(Fig. 20, E.)

:
Dept. Huehuetenango
Steyermark 501 88a.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia.
Limestone bluff of Caxin, summit Sierra de las Cuchumatanes, 3,700 m. The local record is based on a fragmentary stem in poor condition but enough to establish the species in the local flora. When
TheYiot's notes on C.
concolor
and C. Jamesoni were published

(Archiv. d. Bot. 2: 185.
47
1928) neither species had been recorded
from North America.

7.
CAMPYLOPUS INTROFLEXUS (Hedw.)

1826.
Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 472.
Dicranum introflexum Hedw., Sp. Muse.
147.
1801.
Densely tufted plants; stems to 4 cm. or more high.

5
Leaves
mm.
or
more
long, laxly appressed
when
dry, oblong-lanceolate,
subulate pointed, subtubulose above, ending in a hyaline, toothed point; costa excurrent, broad, with numerous serrated ridges 2-6 cells high on back, stereid band on dorsal side only; basal cells
narrowly rectangular, alar group inconspicuous, upper cells obliquely rhomboidal. Setae often aggregated, 6-9 mm. long, scabrous near
tips; capsule ovoid,
rugose at base; calyptra fringed.
(Fig. 20, F-I.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Siandley 65838, 6581*6, 82295, 82308, 821*32. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68535. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81*103. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 33188, 31*831*; Standley 65563, 661*75, 81*232, 81*735, 81*71*0. Dept. Sacatepequez: Siandley 58816, 61229. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*6911, 1*71*1*7, 1*71*58 (as C. Richardi), 1*71*78, 1*71*59 (as C. Richardi), 1*71*95; Standley 6231*9. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58360, 80600, 80603, 80732. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75591*. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32163, 32602.
Distribution:
Wide
in
Europe, North America, South America,
New
Zealand, Pacific Islands. On banks and rocks at medium to high altitudes.
An abundant
The hyaline
species of broad distribution
and exceedingly
alar
variable.
basal
cells,
costal structure
cells, inconspicuous typical Eucampylopus and the high dorsal ridges will help to separate it
the
from C. Richardi.
8.
CAMPYLOPUS SAVANNARUM
12: 85.
(C.

1851.
1869.
2: 596.
Dicranum savannarum C. M., Syn.
Robust yellowish green plants; stems to 5 cm. long or longer, often branched, densely tomentose. Leaves crowded, 4-6 mm. long, tubulose above, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate toward
apex; costa with two stereid bands, excurrent, concolorous or hyaline at tip; basal cells short rectangular, incrassate, smaller and sub-
quadrate at margins, upper (Fig. 21, A-F.)

33672, SS673a, 31*308. mark 30599.
cells
oval-rhomboidal.
Fruit not seen.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 37135. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76731*. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyer:
48
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
H
FIGURE 21
A-F, Campylopus savannarum: A and B, plants, Xl; C, leaf, X8; D, basal margin of leaf, X270; E, apex of leaf, X54; F, part of cross section of costa, X270. G-I, Campylopus filifolius: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, apex of leaf, X270.
Distribution: Costa Rica, British Guiana,
On
trees,
Dutch Guiana. rocks and banks at medium altitudes. The quadrate
or even transversely elongate marginal cells of the leaf base are very distinctive. When I described C. Bartletti from British Honduras
C.
savannarum was not known from North America, but I am very if the Honduran plant can be maintained as a distinct species. The hyaline leaf tip is variable, often short or lacking and
doubtful
again well developed.

9.
CAMPYLOPUS FILIFOLIUS (Hornsch.)

76.
1869.
filifolium Hornsch., Fl. Bras.
I2
:
Dicranum
12.
1840.
Slender plants to 4 or 5 cm. long. Leaves in interrupted tufts, curved when dry, 4-6 mm. long, from a short, narrowly ovate base gradually narrowed to a long setaceous point, serrulate for some distance below apex; costa excurrent, with two stereid bands, lamina
very narrow above; basal
cells rectangular,
incrassate, alar cells
conspicuous, reddish, slightly auriculate, upper cells rhomboidal. Seta 10-15 mm. long, cygneous when moist; capsule oblong, furrowed; calyptra fringed. (Fig. 21, G-I.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49734.
:
Distribution: Costa Rica, Brazil.
49
On log at medium altitude. The interruptedly foliate stems and the slender setaceous pointed leaves with concolorous tips will separate this species from any of the local Palinocraspis group.
10.
CAMPYLOPUS ARCTOCARPUS (Hornsch.)

12: 75.
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.
1869.
Fl. Bras.
1
:
Dicranum arctocarpum Hornsch.,
12.
1840.
Densely tufted plants; stems uniformly foliate, radiculose nearly Leaves crowded, curved or flexuous when dry, 4 mm. or more long, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a stout, denticulate point, channelled above; costa short excurrent, with two stereid
to apex.
bands; basal cells rectangular, incrassate, pitted, alar group reddish, conspicuous, extending to costa, upper cells rhomboidal. Seta 6-7
mm.
long; capsule oblong; calyptra fringed.
(Fig. 22,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71298, 92300. Dept. Totonicapan: Slandley 65887 (as C. Richardi). Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 83^21. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 321^89, 32J^93a.
:
Distribution: Jamaica, South America.
On damp
is
collections are sterile
banks, trees and logs at moderate altitudes. These and not well developed. The costal structure
definitely of the Palinocraspis type

it
and the leaves
all
with stout,
concolorous tips so
seems
fairly certain that they belong here.
A-C, Campylopus
X110.
arctocarpus: A, plant, Xl;>B, leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
D-H, Campylopus
cells,
X270; G, median
Richardi: D, part of plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, basal leaf leaf cells, X270; H, part of cross section of costa, X270.
50
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
11.
CAMPYLOPUS RICHARDI
Leaves
Brid.,
73.
1819.
Medium sized to robust plants,

below.
tufts
erect, nearly straight
yellowish green at tips, dark brown when dry, crowded, in comal
on the fertile stems, to 6 mm. or more long, oblong-lanceolate, usually with a distinct hyaline, toothed point; costa lightly ribbed on back, with two stereid bands, excurrent; basal cells linear or
rectangular with pitted, incrassate lateral walls, alar group reddish,
conspicuous, median and upper cells obliquely linear-rhomboidal, incrassate. Seta 6-8 mm. long, scabrous near tip; capsules elliptic, rough at base; calyptra fringed. (Fig. 22, D-H.)
Dept. Quiche: Standley 62461. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 62586. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 66393 in part, 664.06 in part. Dept. Chimaltenango
:
:
Standley 61676, 6^361.
West
Indies,
South America.
This is a plastic species. The basal cells in the local plants are often shorter than in typical plants from Guadeloupe and the leaves of the sterile stems frequently concolorous at the tips although some plants invariably show the characteristic hyaline hair points.
On damp,
shaded banks at medium to high altitudes.
6.
ATRACTYLOCARPUS
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 71.
1869.
Autoicous; stems radiculose, densely tufted. Leaves crowded, curved or secund, setaceous pointed from a lanceolate base, serrulate above; costa long excurrent, with two stereid bands; basal cells rectangular, alar group pale, fragile, not auriculate. Seta straight
or slightly flexuous, elongate; capsule erect; peristome teeth divided nearly to base, striolate below; lid long beaked; calyptra long, cucullate,
not fringed.
2.
Annulus present, capsules cylindric Annulus lacking, capsules oblong
A.
1.
costaricensis
A. longisetus
1.
ATRACTYLOCARPUS LONGISETUS (Hook.)

1946.
Dicranum longisetum Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 139. 1820. Dicranum sublongisetum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 185. 1897.
Plants brownish to yellow, not glossy. Stems 2-3 cm. long or longer, often branched. . Leaves erect or slightly falcate-secund, 6-11 mm. long, from a short ovate base, long setaceous pointed,
serrulate far
below apex; costa wide below, long excurrent; basal

cells
51
15-25
2
Seta rectangular, alar group fugacious, upper cells linear. mm. long, straight or slightly flexuous; capsule oblong, urn
long, lightly ribbed
when dry; annulus lacking; peristome teeth divided more than half way down and perforate below; lid reddish, long and slenderly beaked; calyptra entire at base. (Fig. 23, A-C.)
Chemal: Bernoulli
mm.
&
Carlo 99.

I
Panama, northern South America.

from Guatemala but D. subthing.
have seen no plants
of this species
longisetum C.
M.
is
evidently the
same
2.
ATRACTYLOCARPUS COSTARICENSIS
1946.
(C.
M.)
Leptotrichum costaricense C. M., Bot. Zeit. 16: 161.
1858.
Atractylocarpus mexicanus Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 71.
1869.
Plants similar to A. longisetus but smaller.

pale yellow, slightly secund.
Leaves 5-7
mm.
long,
Capsule narrowly cylindric, smooth, urn 2-3 mm. long; annulus wide; peristome teeth divided nearly to base, forks slender, papillose; lid dark red, 1.5 mm. long; calyptra often reaching nearly to base of capsule, entire at base. (Fig. 23, D-F.)
H
FIGURE 23
A-C, Atractylocarpus D-F, Atractylocarpus

G-J, Pilopogon
longisetus: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X6; C, capsule, X8. costaricensis: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X6; F, capsule, X8.
gracilis:
G, plant, Xl; H,
leaf,
X6;
I,
capsule,
X8;
J,
calyptra,
X8.
52
25
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 6981+1 in part. Dept. Quiche: Standley 62368. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81+535. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81365. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65223a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57827a. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 1+31+36. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 321+93.
:
Distribution: Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica.

logs and banks mostly at high altitudes. A frequent species confined to Mexico and Central America as far as known.
On
7.
PILOPOGON
1826.
erect,
Dioicous; slender plants in dense tufts. Stems branched. Leaves subulate-acuminate; costa broad with dorsal and ventral
stereid bands; basal cells rectangular, lacking a distinct alar group. Perichaetial leaves long, convolute; seta elongate, erect; capsule
cylindric, curved; peristome teeth
not divided, papillose; annulus
lacking; calyptra fringed at base.
1.
PILOPOGON GRACILIS (Hook.)

Didymodon
gracile

5.
1826.
Hook., Muse. Exot. tab.
1818.
Pilopogon gracilis var. Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 185. Pilopogon glabrisetus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 551.
1897.
1897.
Yellowish green, glossy plants. Stems to 6 cm. or more long, radiculose, uniformly foliate. Leaves 6 mm. long, gradually subulate from a narrowly oblong base, denticulate near apex; costa short excurrent; basal cells thin walled, rectangular, gradually becoming shorter and irregular above. Perichaetial leaves with long, setaceous points often reaching the capsule; seta 1.5-2 cm. long, slender,
rough above; capsule smooth, dark brown, urn 2-2.5 mm. long; peristome teeth slender, papillose, entire; lid conic-rostrate; annulus lacking; calyptra long, fringed at base. (Fig. 23, G-J.)
slightly
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86195, ango: Standley 85686.
861+1+1+,
86511, 86515.
Dept. Quezalten-
West
Indies,
South America.
mostly at high altitudes. Readily distinguished from the allied genera by the conspicuous perichaetial leaves, the curved, cylindrical capsules and the undivided peristome
trees
teeth.
On damp banks and
8.
DICRANODONTIUM
Bry. Eur. fasc. 41.
1847.
Dioicous; stems slender, tomentose, simple or branched. Leaves slightly falcate-secund, long setaceous pointed from an ovate base;
53
costa broad below, long excurrent, with dorsal and ventral stereid bands; basal cells rectangular, slightly pitted, narrower toward margins, upper cells linear. Seta curved when moist; capsules erect, oblong; annulus lacking; peristome teeth divided more than half
way down,
at base.
vertically striolate below; lid rostrate; calyptra entire
1.
DICRANODONTIUM DENUDATUM
Flora 15 2 : 151.
Dicranum denudatum
1913.
Brid.,
(Brid.) E. G. Britt.,
No. Amer.
Muse. Rec. Suppl.
184.
1806.
Rather robust, pale green plants. Stems 5 cm. or more long, uniformly foliate. Leaves falcate-secund, 6-10 mm. long, from a short, ovate, concave base gradually long setaceous pointed, serrulate above; costa excurrent; basal cells laxly rectangular toward costa, much narrower toward margins, upper cells linear. Seta 1 cm. long, curved or cygneous when moist; capsule smooth; peristome teeth
divided nearly to base; calyptra long.
(Fig. 24,
A-C.)
Distribution: Eastern United States, Alaska, Mexico, Europe.
FIGURE 24
A-C, Dicranodontium denudatum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X6; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-H, Oncophorus guatemalensis: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, apex of leaf, XllO; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; H, part of cross section of leaf margin,
X270.
I-J, Symblepharis helicophylla:
I,
plant,
Xl;
J, leaf,
X8.
54
25
On damp ground in cloud forest. These plants are more robust than usual but this may be due to the excess of moisture. In other
respects the shape
and structure
of the leaves are typical.
9.
BROTHERA
C. M., Gen. Muse. 258.
1901.
Small yellowish green plants, slightly glossy, in dense mats.
Stems short, sparingly radiculose. Leaves crowded, subulate-acuminate from a lanceolate base, subtubulose; costa broad, excurrent, without stereids; lamina cells rectangular, hyaline. Seta erect,
slender; capsule erect, oblong-ovoid; peristome single, teeth cleft to base into two subulate, papillose forks; lid rostrate; calyptra cucullate, fringed at base.
1.
BROTHERA LEANA
Campylopus Leana
(Sull.)
C. M., Gen. Muse. 259.
1901.
Sull.,
A. Gray
Man. Ed.
2: 619.
1856.
than 5 high, usually with apical rudimentary leaves which serve the purpose of vegetative reproduction. Leaves flexuous when dry, to 2.5 mm. long, entire or minutely toothed at apex; margins erect or inflexed; costa 60 M wide below, poorly defined, excurrent, in cross section showing a median row of chlorophyllose cells with bands of lax, hyaline cells on both sides; cells of leaf base rectangular, at basal angles lax and delicate forming small, poorly defined auricles. The local plants
short, branched, less
Stems
mm.
clusters of
are
sterile.
(Fig. 25,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango
:
Sharp 493 9a.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Sharp 1995.
Distribution Pennsylvania, Ohio, Tennessee, Minnesota, Mexico,

also Asia.
in
On banks and peaty soil at moderately high altitudes. The plants both of these collections consist almost entirely of the deciduous brood leaves and are so deformed that it is difficult to find a normal
leaf.
10.
AMPHIDIUM
Coroll. 39.
(Nees) Schimp. emend. Bry. Eur. 1856.
Densely tufted plants, olive green above, brown below. Stems Leaves strongly crisped when dry, slender, sparingly radiculose. linear-lanceolate, costate to apex; upper leaf cells rounded-quadrate,
papillose, basal cells
narrowly rectangular, pellucid.
Seta short;
capsule barely exserted, strongly 8 ribbed, contracted below
mouth

and urceolate when dry; peristome none; lid obliquely from a convex base; calyptra cucullate, naked.
1.
55
rostellate
AMPHIDIUM CYATHICARPUM
Pflanzenf.
I
3
:
(Mont.)
Sci.
Broth.,
E.
&
P.
Nat.
460.
1902.
Nat. 106.
1845.
Zygodon cyathicarpus Mont., Ann.
Autoicous; stems under

crispate
cm. high, sparingly branched.
Leaves
moist, linear-lanceolate, acuminate; margins narrowly recurved near shoulders of leaf, plane above, distantly and shallowly toothed or notched in upper half;
dry, flexuous-spreading
cells
when
when
costa pale, distinct, ending in or just below the sharp apex; upper rounded-quadrate, diam. 8-10 n, with firm pale walls, papillose,
basal cells narrow, smooth, pellucid. Seta about 1 mm. long, often slightly curved; capsule oblong, wide-mouthed, with 8 brownish longitudinal ribs when dry; peristome none. (Fig. 25, D-E.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Sharp 2290.
:
Distribution: Western South America, Hawaii, Australia,
New
Zealand, Africa. On boulder at high altitude.

species in
locality
I
The appearance
of this austral
Guatemala am aware of
is
in
The only other exceedingly interesting. the northern hemisphere is on the summit
FIGURE 25
A-C, Brothera Leana: A, plant, XI; B,
leaf,
D-E, Amphidium cyathicarpum: D,

X14.
H,
leaf,
plant,
X22; C, abnormal'leaf, X22. Xl; E, capsule and upper leaves,
F-I, Rhabdoweisia fugax var. tenerrima: F, plant, Xl; G, capsule, X26; X20; I, basal leaf cells, X368.
56

Maui, Hawaii.
25
of Haleakala,
As
far as I
can see the Guatemalan
plants are typical in every respect. The inflorescence is autoicous and the narrow leaves show the upper margins shallowly toothed
or sinuate.
little
As the plants are
well fruited
think there can be
doubt regarding the accuracy

11.
of the determination.
RHABDOWEISIA
1846.
Small plants growing in extensive green mats. Leaves strongly when dry, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate; costa ending near apex; upper leaf cells rounded-quadrate, chlorophyllose, smooth, basal cells rectangular, hyaline; Seta erect; capsule exserted, ovoid, 8 ribbed when dry; peristome well developed but fragile; lid rostrate.
curled
1.
RHABDOWEISIA FUGAX
Low,
(Hedw.)
1947.
Bry.
Eur.
var.
TENERRIMA
delicate plants, laxly tufted. Stems 2-3 mm. high. Leaves crispate when dry, to 2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate;
margins plane, minutely crenulate above; costa ending just below apex; upper cells rounded-quadrate, diam. 8-10 M, often transversely elongate, smooth, basal cells rectangular, delicate, thin-walled and wide. Seta erect, yellow, 2 mm. long; hyaline, to 60 n long, 12
/j.
capsule erect, ovoid, 0.5 mm. long, 8 ribbed and urceolate when dry; peristome teeth very fragile, to 150 n long, filiform from a short,
broad base; spores pale, diam. 10-12

Dept. San Marcos: Sharp 5413a.
M-
(Fig. 25, F-I.)

:
Endemic. Moist bank and decaying log at high altitudes. These plants are appreciably smaller and more delicate than any European specimens I have seen. The stems are only 2-3 mm. high, the leaves up to 2 mm. long and the basal leaf cells thin-walled hyaline and about
60 M long changing abruptly to the short chlorophyllose cells above. In most cases only the expanded bases of the peristome teeth are evident, the fragile, filiform tips being almost invariably broken off in operculate capsules, but these vestiges will at once distinguish the plants from Amphidium cyathicarpum to which they bear a close
resemblance.
12.
ONCOPHORUS
1826.
Autoicous; dull yellowish green plants in dense tufts. Stems often branched. Leaves crisped when dry, lanceolate, usually serrate
57
above; margins recurved, bistratose; costa subpercurrent, with dorsal and ventral stereid bands; upper cells small, basal cells rectangular. Seta elongate, curved when moist; capsule nodding, sulcate; peris-
tome teeth divided

late.
to middle; lid obliquely rostrate; calyptra cucul-
1.
ONCOPHORUS GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
Densely tufted plants, dull yellowish green above, brown below. Stems 2-3 cm. long, simple or branched, sparingly radiculose below. Leaves crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 5-6 mm. long,
narrowly lanceolate, acute, keeled above; margins recurved below, irregularly serrate above, usually bistratose; costa stout, ending just below the acute apex; upper cells rounded-quadrate, lightly mammillose on both sides; inner basal cells narrowly rectangular, wider and more lax toward margins at the basal angles. Seta 3-4 mm. long, stout, yellowish, erect-flexuous when dry, strongly curved
or cygneous
when moist; capsule oblong-cylindrical, suberect, urn 1.5 mm. long, strongly ribbed when dry; annulus lacking; lid obliquely
conic-rostrate, 0.75
striolate
mm.
on outer plates below,
long; peristome teeth reddish, vertically cleft about half way down, forks
/*.
papillose above; calyptra cucullate; spores papillose, diam. 15-18

(Fig. 24,
D-H.)
:
Dept. Quezaltenango
Uppermost
ridge
to
summit
of
Volcan Zunil,
alt.
3,000-3,800 m., Steyermark 3J^869c, S!t872.
Endemic.
On dry
slopes below summit.
clean cut species characterized
by the short, cygneous setae. The genus has not been recorded before in North America south of the United States; hence these
noteworthy collections have an added
interest.
13.
SYMBLEPHARIS Mont,
medium
foliate.
Ann.
Sci.
Nat.
II.
8:252.
1837.
Autoicous;
densely
sized plants in compact tufts. Stems erect, Leaves abruptly linear-lanceolate from an obovate,
clasping base, the points widely spreading and crispate when dry; costa excurrent; basal cells rectangular, upper cells small and dense. Setae single or aggregated, elongate; capsule cylindrical, erect;
peristome teeth divided to below middle;

calyptra entire at base.
lid
bbliquely rostrate;
58
25
1.
SYMBLEPHARIS HELICOPHYLLA Mont., Ann.

1837.
Sci.
Nat.
II. 8:
252.
Stems about 3 cm. high. Leaves 6-7 mm. long, from a strongly clasping obovate base about 2 mm. high quickly narrowed to a
spreading, grooved, subulate point, distantly denticulate above; margins erect; costa slender, excurrent; cells smooth, narrowly rectangular, thin walled and hyaline in base, irregularly subquadrate
long, straight; capsule long; peristome teeth red, deeply divided, vertically striolate; lid about 0.8 mm. long; calyptra extending half way down urn. (Fig. 24, I-J.)
with firm walls above.
Setae 10-12
mm.
smooth, erect,
3-4
mm.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81653, 8180^, 81813. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 3^116, 3472â, 3^725a, 34869a; Standley 67656, 67679. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 5877^, 609^9a, 60960.
:
Distribution:
New
Mexico, southern Arizona, Mexico, Costa
Rica,
Panama,
Asia.
and moist banks at high altitudes. The abruptly spreading, strongly curled leaf points and the slender, erect, cylindrical capsules, deep red at mouth, are very characteristic. The plants fruit abundantly throughout their range.
trees, logs 14.
On
DICRANOWEISIA
Forh. 21
erect,
Lindb., Oefv. Sv. Vet.-Akad. 230. 1864.

:
branching stems. Leaves flexuous or crispate, subulate pointed from an ovate base, entire; costa short excurrent; cells smooth, small and subquadrate above, rectangular below. Seta erect, elongate; capsules suberect; peristome teeth
papillose, entire or cleft at apex.
Tufted plants with
1.
DICRANOWEISIA CALCAREA
1946.
Stems Dioicous; plants densely tufted, dull brownish yellow. 2-3 cm. high, encrusted with a calcareous deposit, laxly foliate. Leaves erect-flexuous, 2.5-3 mm. long, entire, rather abruptly subulate-acuminate from a short, ovate, concave, decurrent base; margins erect or slightly recurved on one side below; costa strong, short excurrent; cells smooth, incrassate, rectangular below and linear toward margins, irregularly subquadrate to elongate above, 10 /* wide, 12-25 /* long, the marginal rows smaller. Seta erect, smooth, 8-10 mm. long; capsules inclined, urn dark brown, 1.5 mm. long,
59
asymmetrical with a short neck; peristome none as seen (capsules all old and overripe). (Fig. 26, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango
alt.
:
Above San Juan Ixcoy,
Sierra de los
Cuchumatanes,
2,400 m., Steyermark 50001, TYPE.
Endemic.
dripping rock at base of waterfall on encrusted limestone in forested ravine. This species is included in Dicranoweisia with considerable reservation. It has some affinities with Hymenolopsis
On
Mexico but appears to be quite distinct in the decurrent leaf angles and the lack of differentiated alar cells. Until the peristome characters are known it seems wiser to follow the
tolucensis The"r. of
more conservative
plan.
15.
HOLOMITRIUM
Brid., Bryol. Univ. .1: 226.
1826.
Plants medium sized, tufted. Stems branched, tomentose, often with terminal clusters of short, microphyllous branchlets. Leaves crowded, narrowly lanceolate from a broader base, crisped when dry; basal cells linear, alar group conspicuous, upper cells rectangular to subquadrate, incrassate; costa percurrent. Inner perichaetial leaves convolute, with long, setaceous points, often reaching the
H
FIGURE 26
XI; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-E, Holomitrium flexuosum: D, plant, XI; E, leaf, X8. F-H, Holomitrium falcatum: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X8; H, upper leaf cells, X270.
A-C, Dicranoweisia
calcarea: A, plant,
60
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
capsule.
Seta erect; capsules erect, cylindrical; peristome teeth red,
papillose, usually split along

1.
median
line.
6.
Leaves subentire, seta 5 mm. long Leaves serrate or serrulate, seta 1 cm. or more long Leaves spreading from insertion, serrulate above Leaves with an erect, clasping base, serrate half way down Leaves strongly falcate-secund, 3-4 mm. long Leaves not falcate-secund, 5 mm. or more long
Alar Alar
cells
cells
H. pulchellum
2 3 5
2.
2.
3.
H. falcatum
4
4.
conspicuous, forming a group about 200 n high inconspicuous, forming a band less than 100 ^ high
1.
.
.
3.
H.flexuosum H. terebellatum
5.
Upper Upper
leaf cells
quadrate
:
4.
5.
leaf cells elongate, 1 4 or 5
H. arboreum H. Standleyi
1.
HOLOMITRIUM F.LEXUOSUM
1869.
Stems 4 cm. or more high, yellowish green above, brown below. Leaves spreading on all sides, 5 mm. or more long, narrowly lanceolate from an oblong base, grooved above, serrulate toward apex; costa excurrent, toothed on back above; upper cells rectangular,
shorter at margins,
basal cells narrowly rectangular, pitted,
all
smooth and
costa.
incrassate, alar
Sporophyte not seen.
group prominent, extending nearly to (Fig. 26, D-E.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81822.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador.

tree in Juniperus forest at high altitude. These plants are undersize but in other respects agree with the species.
On
2.
HOLOMITRIUM FALCATUM
1946.
Near H. flexuosum Mitt, but apparently distinct in the shorter stems and smaller leaves, 3-4 mm. long (5-10 mm. long in H. flexuosum), which are conspicuously falcate-secund both moist and dry giving the plant a very characteristic appearance. (Fig. 26, F-H.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Near Cumbre del Aire, on road between Huehuetenango
and
Sija, alt.
3,000-3,450 m., Standley 65906.
Endemic.
distinctions outlined above are not very impressive and unthey can be correlated with some sharper differences in the sporophyte it may be desirable to reduce H. falcatum to a variety
of
The
less
H. flexuosum.

3.
61
HOLOMITRIUM TEREBELLATUM C. M.,

Soc. Bot. Belg. 31
1
in
Ren.
&
Card. Bull.
151.
1893.
Robust plants forming deep tufts, yellowish green above, brown Stems to 5 cm. or more high, branched, densely foliate, below. clothed with reddish tomentum. Leaves widely spreading from the
when dry, 5-6 mm. narrowed from an oblong, concave, entire base to a narrow, lanceolate, grooved point, acuminate; margins erect, undulate above, distantly and irregularly toothed down to leaf shoulders; costa excurrent. Toothed on back near apex; upper cells
insertion, flexuous with strongly curled points
long, gradually
subquadrate to short rectangular, smooth, incrassate, gradually becoming narrowly linear and porose below, alar group very fragile and inconspicuous, forming a poorly defined band across base of leaf less than 100 M high. (Fig. 27, A-C.)
Distribution: Costa Rica.
On tree trunk at moderate altitude. Previously considered a Costa Rican endemic where it is decidedly uncommon. The Guatemalan plants lack fruit and are undersized but the essential characters leave little doubt as to its identity.
FIGURE 27
A-C, Holomitrium
base, X68.
terebellatum: A, plant,
Xl; B, Xl; E,
leaf,
X8; C, one
side of leaf
of leaf,
D-F, Holomitrium pulchellum: D,

X66.
plant,
leaf,
X20; F, apex
62
25
sss
D iXXXn,
leaf, X8; C, apex of leaf, XllO; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-F, Holomitrium Standleyi: E, leaf, X8; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. G-I, Dicranum flagellare: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X8; I, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
FIGURE 28 A-D, Holomitrium arboreum: A, plant, Xl; B,
4.
HOLOMITRIUM ARBOREUM
1869.
Stems 2-3 cm. high, yellowish green, brown below.

crowded, strongly crisped when dry, 4-6
Leaves
mm.
long, linear-lanceolate
from an
erect, ovate, clasping base, strongly serrate above middle; costa percurrent; upper cells subquadrate, basal cells linear, incrassate, pitted, alar group distinct. Tips of perichaetial leaves often
reaching the capsule.
Seta 1-1.5 cm. long; capsule cylindric, urn

(Fig. 28,
4-5
mm.
long; lid subulate-rostrate.
A-D.)
Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2679 (as H. calycinum). 32552 (as H. calycinum), 33 Ilk (as H. calycinum).
Distribution: Mexico to Bolivia.
On
cells
trees
and rocks at moderate

from any of
altitudes.
The
short upper leaf
often wider than long and in one layer throughout will separate
its local allies.
this species
5.
HOLOMITRIUM STANDLEYI
66.
Mus. 26 3
1928.
Plants similar in habit and appearance to H. arboreum but with

the upper and median leaf cells elongate especially toward costa

where they are often 4-5 times as long as wide with sinuous walls. (Fig. 28, E-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91596.
63
lateral
On
limestone at moderate altitude.

all
In this species the leaf
cells
elongate but the areolation is quite different from that The distinction is none too marked however and of H. arboreum. a broader series of specimens might show that they are not wide
are not
enough apart
6.
for practical segregation.
HOLOMITRIUM PULCHELLUM
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 60. 1869.
below.
Forming dense, compact cushions, yellowish green above, brown Stems to 2 cm. high, branched, tomentose. Leaves crowded,
very crispate when dry, flexuous-spreading when moist, 2-2.5 mm. long, gradually lanceolate from an ovate, slightly clasping base, acuminate, canaliculate; margins erect, entire or minutely toothed at extreme apex; costa short-excurrent; upper leaf cells rounded, strongly incrassate, smooth, diam. 5-7 n, basal cells narrowly rectangular with firm, pale walls. Perichaetium about half as long as the seta, leaves convolute with spreading points; seta erect, yellow, 5 mm. long; capsule erect, oblong, urn 1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 27, D-F.)
Dept. Quezaltenango
:
Sharp 2199a.
Distribution: Ecuador.
tree at moderately high altitude. This is evidently a very rare It is represented in the Mitten Herbarium by only one species.
collection
On
from the type locality
in
Ecuador.
Compact cushions of tightly curled leaves studded with attractively colored, short-stalked capsules standing well above the conspicuous perichaetia give these plants an especially neat and trim As Mitten aptly remarks it is "a very pretty moss." The look.
short setae and nearly entire leaves are unique characters among the American species of Holomitrium. It is a striking addition to
the North American moss flora.
16.
DICRANUM
;
1801.
Leaves lanceolate, Dioicous; medium sized to robust plants. often falcate-secund costa narrow but strong, with dorsal and
ventral stereid bands, often toothed on back; leaf cells mostly smooth, alar group inflated, usually colored and conspicuous. Seta erect;
64
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
capsules cylindrical, erect or curved; peristome teeth red, vertically striolate, cleft about half way down; lid long beaked; calyptra
cucullate, entire at base.
1.
Upper Upper
leaf cells small,
subquadrate
1.
D.
flagellare
leaf cells elongate, pitted

2.
2.
Leaves short pointed, costa not winged on back Leaves long acuminate, costa winged on back
D. rhabdocarpum 3. D. frigidum
1.
DlCRANUM FLAGELLARE Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 130.
1801.
Plants yellowish green, tufted; stems 1-3 cm. high, often with microphyllous branchlets in axils of upper leaves. Leaves 3-3.5 mm. long, crispate when dry, lanceolate; margins erect, inflexed above, toothed near apex; costa percurrent; upper cells
fragile,
quadrate or short rectangular, basal cells rectangular with firm, pellucid walls, alar group colored, conspicuous. Seta 1-2 cm. long;
capsules cylindric, erect.
(Fig. 28, G-I.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81705, 8180Jâ.
Distribution: Southern Canada, United States, Mexico, Europe, Asia.
On
logs
and limestone at high
altitudes.
The
characteristic
two very but in other particulars the plants are typical.

flagellate branchlets are
scarce in these
local collections
2.
DICRANUM RHABDOCARPUM
1849.
Sull.,
Mem. Am.
Acad.
II.
4: 172.
Pale or yellowish green glossy plants. Stems 1-2 cm. or more long. Leaves crowded, suberect and nearly straight when dry, 3-5
long, ovate-lanceolate, serrulate above, acute; costa ending below apex, toothed on back above; basal cells rectangular, alar group inflated and colored, upper cells elongate, incrassate, pitted. Seta 1.5-2 cm. long; capsules cylindric, erect. (Fig. 29, A-D.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67694a, 677
3,
mm.
677Ma, 67749a.
Distribution:
Mountains
of Colorado,
new Mexico and
Arizona,
Mexico.
On
small, underdeveloped their identity.
rocks and banks at high altitudes. These collections are and sterile but there is little doubt concerning

3.
65
DICRANUM FRIGIDUM
C. M., Bot. Zeit. 17: 219.
1859.
Robust plants in extensive deep mats, yellowish green and lustrous above, brown below. Stems to 10 cm. or more long, tomentose. Leaves spreading, flexuous or falcate-secund, scarcely undulate,
from an ovate base, serrate in upper half, 10-13 long; costa ending below apex, with two sharply serrated wings on back; cells all elongate with thickened, pitted walls, alar
linear-lanceolate
mm.
group brown.
Setae aggregated, 1-3, red, to 5 cm. long; capsule
cylindric, curved,
urn 4-5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 29,
:
E-H.)
Dept. Quiche: Aguilar 1115. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50173, 51901. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 43290.
Distribution: Mexico to northern South America.
On damp ground
at high altitudes.
Near D. rugosum (Hoffm.)
Brid. but uniformly distinct in the longer, scarcely undulate leaves, longer setae and longer capsules.
17.
LEUCOLOMA
Brid., Bryol. Univ.
2:218.
1827.
Stems Dioicous; pale green, silky plants in soft, loose tufts. branched, sparsely radiculose. Leaves flexuous or secund, gradually subulate-lanceolate from an ovate base; costa narrow; chlorophyllose
FIGURE 29 A-D, Dicranum rhabdocarpum: A, plant, Xl; B,

XllO; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-H, Dicranum frigidum: E, part of plant, Xl; F, XllO; H, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
leaf,
X8; C, apex
of leaf, of leaf,
leaf,
X6; G, apex
66
25
D
FIGURE 30
A-D, Leucoloma
D, upper
leaf cells
serrulatum: A, plant, XI; B, leaf,
X8; C, apex
leaf,
of leaf,
XllO;
and margin, X270. E-H, Leucoloma Crugerianum: E, plant, Xl; F, XllO; H, cells and margin near mid-leaf, X270.
X8; G, apex
of leaf,
papillose, marginal cells smooth, narrow and hyaline forming a distinct border, alar group large, auriculate. Seta erect; capsules cylindric; peristome teeth divided to or below middle.
cells small,
Leaves with a distinct median band of short, papillose

base
cells
extending to or near 1. L. serrulatum

2.
Leaves without a median band of short
cells in
basal part
L. Crugerianum
1.
LEUCOLOMA SERRULATUM
Stems to 6 cm. or more
1827.
long, straight or curved, narrowly subulate-acuminate, grooved above, serrulate to-
long.
Leaves 4-7
mm.
ward apex; costa excurrent; marginal cells linear, hyaline, forming a distinct border merging with the basal cells below, chlorophyllose cells small, oblong, papillose on back, extending nearly to insertion in a broad, sharply defined median band. Sporophyte not seen.
(Fig. 30,
A-D.)
:
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38805a, 89203, 41765. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 45561, 45614, 45615, 46376; Standley 90639. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34350. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29827, 42789. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31030.
West
Indies, British Guiana.
On logs and
trees at
all
low and medium altitudes.
are sterile as are
the numerous specimens in
my
These collections herbarium but
67
the broad median band of green cells reaching nearly to the insertion is a distinctive feature.
2.
LEUCOLOMA CRUGERIANUM
1872-73.
Dicranum Crugerianum C. M., Syn.
(C.
M.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1:
116.
2: 588.
1851.
Stems short, fragile. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, subulate pointed, flexuous and widely spreading when dry, 3-5 mm. long, tubulose above, serrulate near apex; costa excurrent; border of linear
cells
one row wide above, gradually wider below and merging with cells, green cells subquadrate, sharply papillose on back above, irregularly longer below where they merge with the basal cells. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 30, E-H.)
the basal
Dept. Peten: Lundell 28^0.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Standley 8^880.
Distribution: Mexico, British Honduras, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
Venezuela.
On banks
green
at low to
medium
altitudes.
The narrower
leaves,
indistinctly bordered
cells will
and without a well defined median band distinguish this species from L. serrulatum.
of
7.
LEUCOBRYACEAE
Compactly
tufted, whitish green plants, leaves fragile, consist-
ing mostly of a broad, thick costa showing in cross section a central row of small chlorophyllose cells (chlorocysts) covered on both sides
by one
1.
or
more
on the inner
walls.
layers of large hyaline cells (leucocysts), porose Sporophyte as in Dicranaceae.

1.
Capsules immersed, calyptra fringed at base Capsules exserted, calyptra entire at base Capsules ovoid, inclined, asymmetrical Capsules cylindrical, erect, symmetrical
Ochrobryum
2
2.
3.
Leucobryum
2.
Octoblepharum
1.
OCHROBRYUM
dull,
1869.
Low,
whitish green plants forming dense tufts.
Leaves
erect to slightly spreading, crowded, rigid when moist, linear-lanceolate from a narrowly ovate base, subtubulose above, bluntly pointed, leucocysts in one layer on each side of the median row of chlorocysts;
lamina
short,
cells
narrowly rectangular, confined to basal part.
Seta
terminal; capsules immersed; peristome lacking; calyptra conic-rostrate, slender, fringed at base.
68
25
FIGURE 31
plant, Xl; B, leaf, X18; C, apex X68; D, part of cross section of leaf, X68. E-F, Syrrhopodon ligulatus: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X16. G-H, Syrrhopodon lycopodioides: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X6.
A-D, Ochrobryum obtusifoUum: A,
of leaf,
1.
OCHROBRYUM OBTUSIFOLIUM
108.
(C.

1857.
1869.
Schistomitrium obtusifoUum C. M., Bot. Zeit. 577.
Leaves 3-3.5 mm. long, obtuse or bluntly acute, often with brushbrownish filaments on the dorsal face near apex which varies considerably from broadly rounded to acute but always with a minute apiculate point; margins erect or inflexed so that the blade is deeply grooved or subtubulose above; lamina cells thin- walled, (Fig. 31, hyaline, in 4-6 rows, evident only on the basal margins.
like clusters of
A-D.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2660a.
The only other North American records of this rare little species are from Costa Rica where it was collected by Standley. Here as in Costa Rica the plants are
characterized
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia. On decaying log at rather low altitude.
by conspicuous
clusters of
brownish septate filaments
on the dorsal faces
of the leaf tips.
Although quite similar in appearance to some of the smaller forms of Leucobryum albidum the lack of any expanded leaf base coupled with the leucocysts in two layers, one above and one below the median row of chlorocysts, cannot fail to distinguish it upon
careful examination.

2.
69
OCTOBLEPHARUM
Hedw., Sp. Muse.
50.
1801.
Autoicous; whitish plants tinged with brown or red, growing in Leaves spreading, lingulate from a hyaline base, plane above, apiculate and serrulate at apex; costa with a median
tufts or cushions.
row of small, triangular chlorocysts and 3-4 layers of leucocysts on both sides; lamina small and narrow, confined to base. Seta
erect; capsules erect, cylindrical; peristome teeth 8 or 16; calyptra
cucullate, entire at base.

1.
Leaves less than 10 mm. long Leaves 15-20 mm. long

Peristome teeth 8, leaves usually not fragile Peristome teeth 16, leaves very fragile
Plants yellowish, leaf base oblong, tapering above Plants purplish, leaf base obovate, rounded above
2. 3.
2 3
1. 0. albidum 0. pulvinatum
2.
3.
O. erectifolium 4. 0. Mittenii
1.
OCTOBLEPHARUM ALBIDUM Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 50.
1801.
Plants in dense cushions. Stems to 3 cm. high, branched. Leaves widely spreading or recurved, to 6 mm. or more long, oblonglingulate from a slightly broader erect base, rounded, apiculate and serrulate at apex. Seta 4-7 mm. long; capsule oblong, 1-1.5 mm.
long;
peristome teeth
(Fig. 32,
8,
brown, faintly
striolate;
lid
obliquely
rostrate.
A-D.)
Dept. Izabal: H. Johnson 10^6; Standley 728 J^l; Steyermark 1^1830, 418S1, Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69770. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 885^6. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 81226. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 77^11; Steyermark 32091. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78030.
On
Distribution: Pantropical, southern Florida. tree trunks. Mostly in the lowlands.
The
rather short,
fleshy, strap-shaped leaves, not or rarely fragile this common, widely distributed species.
will readily identify
2.
OCTOBLEPHARUM PULVINATUM (Doz.

Linn. Soc. 12: 109.
Arthrocormus pulvinatus Doz.
&
Molk.) Mitt., Journ.

6.
1869.
&
Molk., Fl. Bryol. Surinam
1854.
Plants similar to 0. albidum but with more erect, less fleshy and very fragile leaves. Seta 10 mm. or more long; capsules about 2 mm.
long; peristome teeth 16, in 8 pairs, nearly smooth.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2700, 27S6a, 2769.
(Fig. 32,
E-G.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38738.
Distribution: Costa Rica, British Honduras,
West
Indies, north-
ern South America.
70
25
FIGURE 32 A-D, Octoblepharum albidum: A, plant, Xl; B,

D, part
of cross section of costa,
leaf,
X8; C, capsule, X8;
XllO.
plant,
E-G, Octoblepharum pulvinatum: E,

section of costa, XllO.
Xl; F,
leaf,
X8; G, part
of cross
H-I, Octoblepharum erectifolium: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf base, XlO. J-K, Octoblepharum Mittenii: J, plant, Xl; K, leaf base, XlO.
On
tions
tree trunks at
all
low altitudes.
Although
sterile these collec-
seem to meet
the requirements of 0. pulvinatum.

Mitt., No.
3.
OCTOBLEPHARUM ERECTIFOLIUM
1913.
Amer. Flora 15 2
162.
Plants glossy, tinged with brown. Leaves erect, rigid, fragile, 1.5-2 cm. long, narrowly ligulate from a narrowly oblong base tapering at shoulders; apex acute, irregularly sinuate; lamina at leaf
base narrow, tapering upward, 150-160 ^ wide on each side of costa, inner cells 3-4 times as long as wide. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig.
32, H-I.)
Distribution: Costa Rica, Jamaica, Trinidad. On trees at moderate altitude. The coloring alone should separate this species from 0. Mittenii but in addition there seem to be tangible
differentiating characters in the shape
and areolation
of the leaf base.
4.
OCTOBLEPHARUM MITTENII
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
169.
1871-72.
1869.
Octoblepharum longifolium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 110.
71
Plants deeply tinged with purple, glossy with an iridescent sheen. Leaves fragile, 1.5 cm. or more long, narrowly ligulate from an obovate base, broadly rounded at shoulders, apex obtuse, apiculate; interior lamina cells short rectangular, about 40 M wide and 1-2
times as long, thin walled, in two layers, narrowly linear-rhomboidal
and
in
one layer toward margins.
Sporophyte unknown.
(Fig. 32,
J-K.)
Distribution: British Honduras, Costa Rica, Brazil.
On
log at moderate altitude.
3.
LEUCOBRYUM
Hampe, Flora
20: 282.
1837.
Whitish green plants in dense cushions. Leaves crowded, spreading or flexuous, from an ovate base narrowed to a subtubulose point, composed almost entirely of the costa, lamina reduced to a narrow hyaline margin below; in cross section showing a central row of small, angular chlorocysts with 1-4 layers of leucocysts on both sides. Seta elongate; capsules inclined; peristome dicranoid.
1.
Leucocysts in 2 layers throughout the leaf Leucocysts in 4 or more layers in thickest part of leaf base
4. L.
Martianum
2
2.
Leaves 5-10 mm. long, tip longer than base 3. L. antillarum Leaves less than 5 mm. long, tubulose tip about equaling basal part 3
Leucocysts in 4 layers in thickest part of leaf Leucocysts in 5-6 layers in thickest part of leaf
2.
1. L. albidum L. Polakowskyi
3.
1.
LEUCOBRYUM ALBIDUM
Forh. 20: 403.
Dicranum albidum
1863.
Brid.,
(Brid.)
Lindb., Oefv. Sv. Vet.-Akad.

1
167. 1798 and Sp. Muse. 205. Leucobryum incurvifolium C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 174. 1897.
Muse. Rec. 2
1806.
Relatively small plants; stems 1-3 cm. high. Leaves crowded, imbricated when dry, to 4.5 mm. long, the subtubulose point shorter than or equal in length to the broad base, in cross section near base
showing 2-3 layers of leucocysts on each side of the median row of

chlorocysts in the thicker parts of leaf. Seta elongate, slender, red; capsule nodding, curved, ribbed when dry; lid beaked, about as long as urn. (Fig. 33, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69121, 90630, 92207; Steyermark Ml>19, 45630. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42230.
Distribution: Eastern United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, Bahamas, West Indies.
72
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
in
at low to medium altitudes. Rather variable and scarcely distinct from the following species development which will probably have to be included with it.
logs
On
and
soil
2.
LEUCOBRYUM POLAKOWSKYI
Cherb. 32: 82.
1900.
(C.
M.) Card., Mem. Soc.

11
:
Sci.
Nat.
Ochrobryum Polakowskyi C. M., Besch. Journ. de Bot.
151.
1897.
The
distinctions
impressive. the leucocysts in the thicker parts of the leaf base in about 3 layers on each side of the chlorocyst row but these differences are not
Here
this species and L. albidum are the subtubulose leaf points are a little longer
between
not
and
always clearly correlated or maintained.

Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90779, 91456. 36675. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47985.
(Fig. 33,
D-E.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Jamaica.
On
3.
logs
and
soil,
mostly at medium altitudes.

Schimp., Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI.
LEUCOBRYUM ANTILLARUM
3: 190.
1876.
in L. albidum. Leaves spreading, flexuous, long, the subtubulose part from slightly longer to 2 or 3 times as long as the leaf base, in cross section showing 2-3 layers of leucocysts on each side of the chlorocysts in the thicker parts of
Stems longer than
5-10
mm.
the base; hyaline lamina about 8
cells
wide.
.
(Fig. 33,
F-G.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 92316, 92321
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark
West
in
Indies, Central
and South America.
This swamps not a very convincing species. The Florida plants as described and illustrated in Grout's Moss Flora of North America are certainly not typical and it is often difficult to see how L. antillarum differs
at moderate altitudes.
is
On
logs and hummocks
from L. glaucum (Hedw.) Schimp.

4.
LEUCOBRYUM MARTIANUM
1843.
(Hornsch.)
Fl. Bras. 1
Hampe, Linnaea
11.
17: 317.
Dicranum Martianum Hornsch.,
1840.
Plants in lax mats; stems 1-2 cm. high. Leaves crowded, falcatesecund, 5-6 mm. long, gradually narrowed from an ovate base to slender, subtubulose point; leaf base not thickened, leucocysts in
73
a single layer on each side of the chlorocysts throughout the leaf, chlorocysts nearer the dorsal surface in upper part of leaf; hyaline lamina about 6 cells wide. Seta to 2 cm. long, red; capsules curved,
ribbed
when
dry, strumose.
(Fig. 34,
A-C.)
South America.
Dept. Izabal: Standley 72767.
West
Indies, northern
log at low altitude. The leaf structure showing the leucocysts in only 2 layers throughout is sharply distinctive.
8.
On
CALYMPERACEAE
Small to fairly robust plants growing in tufts, mostly on trees. Leaves lanceolate from a pale sheathing base, often with a narrow hyaline border, more rarely unbordered or with thickened, concolorous margins; costa strong; upper cells small, usually papillose; inner basal cells abruptly large and hyaline (cancellinae). Seta erect, usually elongate; capsules erect, cylindrical; peristome of 16 papillose teeth or lacking; calyptra cucullate or campanulate.
Peristome present, calyptra cucullate 1. Syrrhopodon Peristome lacking, calyptra campanulate and persistent, leaves usually with an 2. Calymperes intramarginal border of elongated cells
leaf, X12; C, part of cross section X68. D-E, Leucobryum Polakowskyi: D, leaf, X12; E, part of cross section of leaf near base, X68. F-G, Leucobryum antillarum: F, leaf, X6; G, part of cross section of leaf near base, X68.
A-C, Leucobryum albidum: A,
plant,
FIGURE 33 Xl; B,
of leaf near base,
74

1.
'
25 110.
SYRRHOPODON
2 Schwaegr., Suppl. 2
1824.
Plants green or brownish; stems branched.
Leaves crowded, the
whitish, imbricated bases often conspicuous, lanceolate or ligulate, with either a thickened or hyaline border; costa stout, subpercurrent,
often spinose on one or both sides; upper cells small, changing abruptly to the large, hyaline cancellinae cells of the leaf base. Capsules cylindrical; peristome teeth 16, papillose; calyptra cucullate.
1
.
Leaves bordered with narrow, elongated cells Leaf border thickened, doubly serrate, marginal
2
cells
not differentiated
.
2.
Robust
plants, leaf margins spinose-serrate with paired teeth Small plants, leaves entire or nearly so
6.
S. lycopodioides
3
2. S. ligulatus
3.
Leaves ligulate, apex rounded Leaves lanceolate or linear, acute

Leaves long-pointed, bordered nearly to apex Leaves acute, unbordered in upper
4
1. 5.
4.
S. prolifer
S. parasiticus
S. Bernoullii
5.
Basal leaf Basal leaf
cells cells
reddish hyaline
4.
S. S.
incompletus
1.
SYRRHOPODON PROLIFER Schwaegr.,

fragile,
2 Suppl. 2
pt. 2, 99.
1827.
pale or yellowish green; stems 1-2 cm. long, Leaves crowded, flexuous when dry, 3-6 mm. long or longer, linear from a pale, oblong base, acute, sharply toothed near apex, otherwise entire, with a narrow hyaline border of elongated cells extending nearly to apex; costa ending below apex, spinose
Plants branched.
filling
near tip; upper cells small, dense, papillose, obscure, cancellinae nearly all of the leaf base, in 2 layers, usually acutely angled above. Seta 5-8 mm. long; capsule cylindric, lid beaked; calyptra covering more than half the urn. (Fig. 34, D-F.)
Dept. Solola: Steyermark ^7986a.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On rock at medium altitude. Just a few stems segregated from other mosses but enough for identification. It seems reasonably sure that S. flavescens C. M., including the list of synonyms given by
Williams
(33, p. 376), siderably in length but
may
be included here.
The
leaves vary con-
little in
structural details.
2.
SYRRHOPODON LIGULATUS Mont.,
Syll. 47.
1856.
Small, brownish, brittle plants, densely tufted. Stems to 1 cm. high, branched, densely foliate. Leaves strongly curled when dry,

to 3
75
mm.
long, ligulate
from a scarcely wider oblong,
pale, entire
base, apex broadly rounded, often minutely apiculate, unbordered or with a single row of very narrow, hyaline, marginal cells here and there in the blade; costa ending below apex; upper cells papillose,
obscure, diam. 6-8 n, cancellinae in 4 or 5 rows, broadly rounded above, bordered by about 5 rows of linear, pellucid cells. Seta red,
3-4
lid
mm. long; capsule cylindrical, dark brown, urn 1 subulate-rostrate (Fig. 31, E-F.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 270^.
mm.
long;
West
Indies, northern
South America.
low altitude. Like S. lycopodioides this species is a representative Caribbean type extending from Florida through the West Indies to the Guianas but not recorded before from Central America.
tree at rather
On
3.
SYRRHOPODON INCOMPLETUS Schwaegr., Suppl. 2

Syrrhopodon decolorans C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 188.
'
1 :
119.
1824.
1897.
Fairly robust, brownish green plants in deep tufts.
crowded, 4-5
mm.
long, abruptly broadly linear
Leaves from a hyaline,
FIGURE 34
A-C, Leucobryum Martianum: A,
section of leaf near base, X68.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X8; C, part
of cross
D-F, Syrrhopodon prolifer: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf base and margin, X110. G-I, Syrrhopodon incomplete: G, plant, X 1 H, leaf, X 10; I, upper leaf margin,
;
X134.
76
25
obovate base, basal margins serrulate, margins of blade concolorous, thickened and doubly serrate, apex rounded and occasionally bearing clusters of propagula; costa nearly percurrent; upper cells subquadrate or longer than wide, cancellinae in 10-12 rows, rounded above. Seta 6-7 mm. long; capsule oblong, narrowed at mouth; peristome a short, pale cylinder not exceeding the rim. (Fig. 34, G-I.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2035; Bartlett 12250, 12^88.
72788.
Dept. Izabal: Standley
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Honduras, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies, northern South America. On trees at low altitudes. A common Caribbean species easily known by the obovate, whitish leaf base and the thickened, winged
margins of the
4.
leaf blade serrate
on the edges.
SYRRHOPODON BERNOULLII
1897.
C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 189.
high, branched.
Brownish green plants growing in deep tufts; stems to 4-5 cm. Leaves to 6-7 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an
oblong-ovate golden brown base; margins serrulate at base, thickened, concolorous and doubly serrate above; costa nearly percurrent; upper cells slightly elongate; cancellinae in numerous rows, not Seta to 18 mm. long; capsule sharply defined, rounded above. oblong, small mouthed; peristome teeth pale brown, coarsely papillose.
(Fig. 35,
A-C.)
Nicaragua,
Distribution:
Costa
Rica,
Panama, Guadeloupe,
Cocos Island.
I have seen no Guatemalan collection and the species is evidently infrequent locally although widely but sparingly distributed elsewhere.
5.
SYRRHOPODON PARASITICUS
1
:
(Sw.) Besch.,
Ann.
Sci.
Nat. VIII.
298.
1895.
1806.
Encalypta parasitica Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1759.
high.
Plants laxly gregarious or mixed with other mosses; stems to 2 cm. Stem leaves linear-lanceolate from a slightly broader base,
narrowly and irregularly bordered in the median part with elongated cells in several rows, sharply pointed, entire or minutely serrulate above; costa percurrent; upper cells irregularly hexagonal, cancellinae in 15-20 rows, acutely angled above. Comal leaves shorter and broader, often bearing on the inner face near the costa conspicuous

filiform propagula.
77
Seta short; capsule erect, cylindrical; peristome teeth short and irregular, barely exceeding the rim. (Fig. 35, D-G.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell
301>7.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90775a.

Islands.
Panama, West
Indies,
Galapagos
and logs at low altitudes. The irregular, narrow, yellowending far below the apex and the characteristic propagula of the terminal leaves easily separate this species from its congeners.
trees
ish border,
On
6.
SYRRHOPODON LYCOPODIOIDES
?Dicranum lycopodioides Sw., Prod.
(Sw.) C. M., Syn.
538.
1806.
1849.
Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1066.
Robust plants forming dense, deep tufts, yellowish at tips, brown below. Stems to 6 cm. high, branched, clothed with brown tomentum. Leaves widely spreading, to 1 cm. or more long, gradually
lanceolate from a pale, erect, scarcely wider base, acuminate, keeled
below, blade strongly bordered with narrow cells, border thickened, brownish, spinose-serrate with paired teeth, cancellinae cells short rectangular, gradually merging with the upper leaf cells which are
rounded -quadrate, smooth and incrassate.

oblong-cylindrical.
(Fig. 31,
G-H.)
FIGURE 35
A-C,
Syrrhopodon Bernoulli!: A, plant,
parasiticus:
leaf,
Xl; B,
leaf,
D-G, Syrrhopodon
X8; G, apex
of
D, plant, Xl; E, comal
X8; C, apex of leaf, X134. leaf, X8; F, stem leaf,
comal
X134.
78
25
Distribution: Costa Rica, West Indies, northern and western South America to Bolivia.
On
West
tree trunk at
moderate
altitude.
Indies but
uncommon
in Central
America where
frequent species in the it has been
collected before only in Costa Rica.
2.
CALYMPERES
Sw., in Schwaegr. Suppl.
2
:
333.
1816.
Small to moderately robust, mostly corticolous plants growing Leaves crispate when dry, lanceolate or ligulate from a broader, whitish base; costa stout, often thickened at apex and bearing apical clusters of propagula; lamina cells small, changing abruptly to the lax, hyaline cancellinae cells of the leaf base, frequently with
in tufts.
narrow, intramarginal bands of elongate cells (teniolae) extending through the shoulders upward into the blade; margins usually thickened and serrate. Seta short; capsule subcylindric; peristome
lacking; calyptra campanulate, plicate, persistent.
1.
Leaves 10
Leaves
mm.
or
more
less
than 5
mm.
transversely elongate 5. C. lonchophyllum 2 long, upper cells rounded

long,
1.
upper
cells
2.
Upper Upper
leaf cells
leaf cells
about 4 /* in diam 6-8 /* in diam
C. Donnellii 3
3.
Teniolae short, leaf border very thick 4. C. nicaraguense Teniolae extending above midleaf leaf border slightly thickened 4
,
4.
Teniolae 2-3 Teniolae 4-8
cells in
from margin at shoulders, leaves entire above

2. C.
Richardi
cells in
from margin at shoulders, leaves serrate above

3.
C.
emersum
1.
CALYMPERES DONNELLII
Aust., Bot. Gaz. 4: 151.
1879.
Plants less than 1 cm. high, often forming green mats. Leaves incurved and crisped when dry, 2.5-5 mm. long, broadly linear from an oblong base, tubulose above; margins thickened, irregularly
doubly serrate above, serrulate below; costa stout; upper cells minute, diam. 4-5 /x, papillose; teniolae distinct, 8-12 cells in from margin at shoulders, extending about half way up the blade; cancellinae in 12-14 rows, acutely angled above. Seta 5 mm. long; capsule about 2 mm. long. (Fig. 36, A-E.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2072a. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark J^lSlSa.
Indies, northern
Distribution: Florida, Honduras, Panama, West South America, Cocos Island. On rocks and tree trunks at low altitudes.

2.
79
CALYMPERES RICHARDI C. M., Syn.

Stems to
524.
1849.
1 cm. high, rarely higher. Leaves incurved and crisped dry, small below, the upper 3-4 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a slightly wider variable base, broadly acute or obtuse; margins
when
entire above, serrulate at shoulders; costa stout, scabrous on both sides above, ending below apex; upper cells rounded, distinct, 6-8 n\
from margins at shoulders, extending into the thickened border toward apex; cancellinae rounded above. Abnormal leaves narrower, club-shaped, bearing numerous propagula. Seta 3 mm. long; capsule narrowly oval. (Fig. 36, F-H.)
teniolae 1-5 cells in
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, British Honduras,

Brazil.
West
Indies,
in
On trees at low altitudes. A frequent species, widely distributed Caribbean regions but apparently rare or overlooked in the local
area.
3.
CALYMPERES EMERSUM C. M.,
1897.
long,
Similar in appearance to C. Richardi.

oblong-linear from a narrowly obovate,
Leaves to 4
serrulate
mm.
base,
acute;
FIGURE 36 A-E, Calymperes Donnellii: A, plant, Xl; B, abnormal leaf, X14; C, normal leaf, X14; D, apex of normal leaf, X134; E, cells and margin near leaf shoulder,
X270. H,
Richardi: F, normal leaf, X14; G, abnormal leaf, X14; and margin near leaf shoulder, X270. I-K, Calymperes emersum: I, leaf, X14; J, cells and margin near leaf shoulder, X270; K, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
F-H, Calymperes
cells
80
25
FIGURE 37
A-C, Calymperes nicaraguense: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X12; C, apex of leaf, X134. D-G, Calymperes lonchophyllum: D, moist plant, Xl; E, leaf, X4; F, base of leaf, X18; G, leaf cells near shoulder, X270. H-J, Encalypta vulgaris: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, calyptra, X8.
margins of blade serrulate; costa ending just below apex; upper cells papillose, angular, 7-8 juJ cancellinae acutely angled above; teniolae extending nearly to apex and 4-8 cells in from margins at shoulders. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 36, I-K.)
Distribution: Florida, Honduras,
late
Panama.
Distinguished from C. Richardi by the narrower leaf blade serruon the margins and the longer teniolae. No Guatemalan speciseen.
mens have been

4.
CALYMPERES NICARAGUENSE Ren.

33 2
:
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.

1897.
117.
1894.
Calymperes Carionis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 189.
Rather robust, dark green plants. Stems densely foliate, to 2.5 cm. high. Leaves crispate when dry, to 4.5 mm. long, linear from an obovate, serrulate base, bluntly pointed margins of blade strongly thickened, serrulate; costa nearly percurrent, scabrous on both sides above; upper cells rounded or angular, mammillose on ventral face, nearly smooth on back; teniolae 8-10 cells in from margins at shoulders, soon merging with the thickened border above and disappearing below shoulders; cancellinae rounded or broadly angled
;

above.
81
Seta 5-6
mm.
long; capsule cylindrical, about 2.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 37,
A-C.)
:
Distribution Nicaragua, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama,
Guadeloupe. I have a part of the type collection from Nicaragua but have not seen the material described as C. Carionis from Guatemala. Like its associates it is a lowland species.
5.
CALYMPERES LONCHOPHYLLUM Schwaegr., Suppl.
2
:
333.
1816.
sive yellowish green
Plants with short stems and very long leaves, growing in extenmats. Stems under 5 mm. long. Leaves
crowded, 10-15 mm. or more long, flexuous or strongly curled when dry, narrowly linear from a very short, ovate, serrulate base, acute; margins of blade thickened and distantly doubly serrulate; costa nearly percurrent; cells of blade often in two layers, smooth, transversely oval, incrassate, longer diameter 8-10 /*; teniolae lacking or very indistinct; cancellinae in two layers toward costa, in 6-7
Seta 10-12 mm. long, often rows, rounded or truncate above. slightly scabrous above; capsule 2 mm. long. (Fig. 37, D-G.)
38891, 39200.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2051; Bartletl 12441, 12472. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44465, 44995.
Distribution: British Honduras, Costa Rica,
West
Indies, north-
ern South America.
On
narrow
trees
and
logs at
leaves,
much
low altitudes. Readily known by the long, longer than the stems.
9.
ENCALYPTACEAE
when
Leaves crisped Coarse, rather robust, densely tufted plants. dry, ligulate, obtuse or apiculate; costa strong, ending below
cells
apex or excurrent; upper cells rectangular, smooth.
hexagonal, densely papillose, basal Seta erect; capsule erect, cylindrical; peristome lacking or variable; lid beaked; calyptra large and conspicuous, campanulate, erose or fringed at base.
1.
ENCALYPTA
Hedw., Sp. Muse.
60.
1801.
A
1.
single
genus with the characters of the family.

Sp. Muse. 60. 1801.
ENCALYPTA VULGARIS Hedw.,
lightly crisped
Autoicous; stems 0.5 cm. or more high, tomentose below. Leaves when dry, 2-3 mm. long, oblong-ligulate from a
82
25
slightly broader, yellowish base, broadly acute or obtuse; margins erect or slightly recurved below, papillose-crenulate in blade; costa
stout, reddish, ending
below apex; upper
cells
hexagonal, very ob-
scure, densely papillose, basal cells rectangular, often with thickened end walls, linear toward margins. Seta 5 mm. or more long, red;
when dry and empty; peristome straw colored, covering capsule, ragged at base, lacking; calyptra scabrous above. (Fig. 37, H-J.)
capsule furrowed and wrinkled
Dept. Huehuetenango
:
Standley 83090b.
Distribution: Western United States; Europe, Asia, Africa.
On soil at high altitude.

of 'Arizona
This species
I
is
and
New
Mexico but
know
frequent in the mountains of no other record south
of the border.
10.
POTTIACEAE
Small to moderately robust, densely tufted plants, mostly rupestrine or terrestrial
usually branched.
and partial to calcareous substrata. Stems erect, Leaves often crisped when dry; costa strong;
upper
erect,
cells small,
tangular,
usually papillose, often obscure, basal cells recoften hyaline. Seta erect, elongate, smooth; capsules
subcylindric, symmetrical, smooth; lid beaked; peristome lacking or of 16 erect or spirally twisted teeth from a basal membrane, entire or divided into 2 filiform, papillose forks; calyptra
cucullate.
1.
Costa with dorsal and ventral stereid bands Costa with dorsal stereid band only
19
1.
2.
Sporophyte lateral Sporophyte terminal (except Pleurochaete)

Leaf margin involute Leaf margin plane or revolute
Anoectangium
3
3.
4
5
3.
4.
Peristome lacking Peristome present
Hymenostomum
4.
Weisia
5.
Leaves with a thickened border Leaf border not thickened

Hyaline basal Hyaline basal
cells
cells
21.
Morinia
6 7
6.
extending upward along leaf margin not as above
8
13. Tortella 14. Pleurochaete
7.
Leaf margins entire, sporophyte terminal Leaf margins toothed, sporophyte lateral
Peristome lacking Peristome present
8.
12

9.
83
Leaves broadly Ungulate Leaves narrower, usually lanceolate

Lid remaining attached to columella after dehiscence Lid not persistent, free from columella
7.
17.
Hyophila
10
10.
Hymenostylium
11
9.
11.
Leaves long and slenderly acuminate Leaves acute or obtuse
Turckheimia
5.
Gymnostomum
12.
12.
Lamina Lamina
cells in 2 layers cells in
Timmiella
13
one layer
13.
Peristome teeth spirally twisted Peristome teeth erect or nearly so
20. Barbula
14
14.
Leaf base obovate, strongly sheathing Leaf base ovate, not sheathing the stem
15 16
8.
15.
Leaves toothed near apex, short pointed Leaves entire, slenderly acuminate Leaves strongly toothed above Leaves entire or nearly so
Leaf margins revolute Leaf margins plane
Rhamphidium
Leptodontium
17
19.
11.
Pseudosymblepharis
16.
16.
17.
Didymodon
18
18.
Leaves Ungulate, apex rounded Leaves lanceolate, sharply pointed

Costa broad, ventral surface densely filamentose Costa narrow, without filaments
18. Weisiopsis
10.
Trichostomum
24. Aloinella
19.
20
15. Trichostomopsis
20.
Upper lamina
Leaf
cells in
cells
and margins bistratose
one layer
21
21. Leaf cells
smooth
Leaf
cells papillose
22 23
leaves bordered with several rows of paler incrassate
2.
22. Peristome lacking,

cells
Merceya
Peristome present, leaves unbordered or bordered with elongated

23. Leaf apex rounded, peristome very
cells
22. Streptopogon
rudimentary Leaf apex pointed, peristome well developed
6.
Husnotiella
24
25. Tortula 23.
24. Peristome teeth spirally twisted
Peristome teeth not or scarcely twisted
Desmatodon
1.
ANOECTANGIUM
Schwaegr., Suppl.
1 :
33.
1811.
late or oblong, crispate
Slender plants in bright green tufts or cushions. Leaves lanceowhen dry; costa subpercurrent; cells small, more elongate and pellucid below. Setae lateral, elongate, papillose, slender; capsule oblong; lid obliquely rostrate; peristome none; calyptra cucullate.
84

Leaves lanceolate, gradually acuminate Leaves oblong, broadly pointed
Plants bright or yellowish green above, upper leaf Plants glaucous green above, upper leaf
cells
25
2 3
1.
2.
obscure, densely papillose

2.
A. compactum
incur vans
cells distinct, less papillose 3. A.

1.
3.
Leaves apiculate Leaf apex obtusely rounded
A. euchloron
4
4.
Lamina Lamina
cells
often in 2 layers
5.
cells in
one layer
A. obtusifolium 4. A. arizonicum
1.
ANOECTANGIUM EUCHLORON
Soc. 12: 176.
(Schwaegr.)
Mitt.,
Journ.
Linn.
1869.
:
Gymnostomum
euchloron Schwaegr., Suppl. 2 2

1
83.
1827.
Stems about
spirally contorted
cm. high, radiculose below, branched. Leaves and somewhat crispate when dry, to 1.25 mm.
long, narrowly oblong, keeled, obtuse,
mucronate; margins plane, papillose-crenulate; costa subpercurrent, scabrous on back above; upper cells about 5 /z, densely papillose, obscure, more pellucid and distinct at base and rectangular toward costa. Setae lateral, to
6
mm.
long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, barely 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 38,
A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 821+3 4. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68696. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 84569, 84597, 85142; Steyermark 33619. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 88158. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 58637. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57918, 61634, 62050. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 59689. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42459. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32190. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78361.
:
:
Distribution:
Wide
in tropical America, Hawaii, Malaysia, Africa.
On banks and rocks at moderate altitudes. The broadly pointed, apiculate leaves are distinctive in comparison with the other local
species.
2.
ANOECTANGIUM COMPACTUM Schwaegr.,
Suppl.
36.
1811.
16.
Anoectangium condensatum Schimp., Besch. Prodr. Bryol. Mex.
1871.
below.
Compactly tufted plants, bright or yellowish green above, brown Stems to 4 cm. or more long. Leaves strongly contorted
when dry, 1-1.75 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, keeled, short acuminate; margins erect, papillose-crenulate; costa subpercurrent, papillose on back above; upper cells 6-8 M, densely papillose, obscure, inner basal cells short rectangular, pellucid, incrassate. Seta about

10
85
mm.
long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, 1-1.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 38,
E-G.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82880. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 85696, 35823, 35824; Standley 85392. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 84182, 84751, 85263; Steyermark 34?65a, 34?66a. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 4683 la. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58931. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 46930. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61540. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 43058, 43339,
:
43660, 43661.
Distribution: Greenland, northern United States, Mexico, South America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand.
On banks and rocks mostly at high altitudes. The distinctions between A. condensatum and A. compactum are so tenuous that I doubt if they can be separated in practice. I agree with The"riot
(29, p. 94) that
they are conspecific.

Bryol. 49: 111.
3.
ANOECTANGIUM INCURVANS (Schimp.)

1946.
Bartr.,
Gymnostomum incurvans Schimp.
in Besch., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
15.
1871.
Stems 2-3 cm. high, densely reddish tomentose below, dark green and often glaucous above. Leaves strongly incurved when dry,
G
FIGURE 38
A-D, Anoectangium euchloron: A,

D, upper
leaf leaf cells
leaf
plant, X 1 B, leaf, X20; C, apex of leaf, X 134; and margin, X270. E-G, Anoectangium compactum: E, leaf, X20; F, apex of leaf, X134; G, upper cells and margin, X270. H-J, Anoectangium incurvans: H, leaf, X20; I, apex of leaf, X134; J, upper cells and margin, X270.
;
86
25
2-2.4
long, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate; margins minutely papillose-crenulate; costa percurrent; upper cells distinct, rounded, incrassate, lightly papillose, diameter 8-10 n, inner basals rectangular, smooth, pellucid. Inflorescence lateral not seen. (TheYiot 27, pt. 3, p. 8); sporophyte (Fig. 38, H-J.)
erect,
mm.
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81205 Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 1*3169.

:
(as
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum)
On
rock and bank at moderate altitude.
The
leaf structure of
this species is quite similar to that of
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum
it
'but the plane leaf
may
4.
margins and lateral inflorescence suggest that be more aptly included in Anoectangium.
ANOECTANGIUM ARIZONICUM
1938.
Bartr.,
Moss
Fl.
No. Amer.
3
:
192.
below.
Slender plants in dense cushions, bright green above, brown Stems to 2.5 cm. long, branched. Leaves crispate when
dry, to 1 mm. long, oblong-ligulate, carinate-concave, obtusely rounded, not apiculate; margins erect, papillose-crenulate; costa ending below apex, rough on back; upper cells small, papillose, incrassate, elongate and short rectangular near costa at base. Fruit
unknown.
(Fig. 39,
A-C.)
21*91*.
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp
Dept. El Progresso: Sharp 5099.
Distribution: Arizona, Mexico.
Moist boulders and bark of trees at medium to rather high altiA wide range extension of a species previously known only from Arizona and northern Mexico.
tudes.
5.
ANOECTANGIUM OBTUSIFOLIUM
of
No. Amer.
3
:
150.
(Broth. 1938.
&
Par.) Grout,
Moss
Fl.
Molendoa
obtusifolia Broth.
&
Par.,
Rev. Bryol. 40: 36.
1913.
below.
1.5
Forming dense tufts or mats, glaucous green above, brown Stems branched, brittle, sparingly radiculose below, to
cm. high.
Leaves incurved when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, oblongligulate, obtuse; margins plane, papillose-crenulate; costa ending below apex; upper cells obscure, papillose, diam. 6-8 n, often in two layers, basal cells short rectangular with firm, pale, pellucid
walls.
(Fig. 39,
D-F.)

Distribution: Arizona, Mexico.
87
tree at moderately low altitude. As these plants lack fruit the determination remains questionable but the bluntly rounded, plane margined leaves with the lamina cells here and there in two
On
layers suggest this species.
2.
MERCEYA Schimp.,
Syn. Ed.
2.
852.
1876.
Rather robust plants with branched stems. Leaves ligulate, obtuse, bordered with 3-8 rows of incrassate, often colored cells;
upper leaf cells irregularly rounded, smooth, basal cells rectangular; costa ending below apex, in cross section showing a stereid core with 1 or 2 layers of large, thin walled cells on the ventral surface.
Seta terminal, slender; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric; rostrate, peristome none.
lid
conic-
1.
MERCEYA LIGULATA
Encalypta? ligulata
1850.
(Spruce) Schimp., Syn. Ed.
2.
852.
1876.
Spruce, Muse. Pyren. No. 331.
1845; Trans. Bot. Soc.
3 s : 187.
Weisia agoyanensis Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 135. 1869, Weisia cataracta Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 135. 1869.
Merceyopsis mexicana Bartr., Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 18, no. 21: 577.
1928.
\
B
FIGURE 39
A-C, Anoectangium arizonicum: A,
X110.
plant,
Xl; B, Xl; E,
leaf,
X30; C, apex X28; F, part
of leaf, of cross
D-F, Anoectangium
section of leaf, X270.
obtusifolium: D, plant,
leaf,
G-H,
Tortella tortuosa: G, plant,
Xl; H,
leaf,
XlO.
88

Stems 1-5 cm. high, densely
tufted.
25
Leaves crowded, contorted
when
dry, 1.5-5 mm. long, ligulate or oblong-spatulate, rounded, obtuse or acute, often bordered with rows of thick walled, colored cells; costa ending below apex or nearly percurrent; upper cells
38
quadrate or slightly elongate, with firm walls, 10-15 n, more inand thicker toward margins, basal cells oblong, thin walled Seta yellowish, erect, margins entire, slightly recurved below. 2-5 mm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, lightly furrowed when dry and empty, urn 1-1.5 mm. long; peristome lacking; lid erect, short
crassate
;
conic-rostrate.
(Fig. 40,
A-E.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67426, 674.28, 83336, 83385, 83389, 86049, 86053; Steyermark 34663, 34665, 34657, 34977. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark
30977.
Distribution: Tennessee, Arizona, Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Europe.
rocks at high altitudes. As far as I can see but one species in North America extending south to Ecuador. The leaves vary considerably in outline from spatulate and broadly rounded to oblong and acute. The leaf border of incrassate cells is variable, often very prominent and again hardly noticable.
there
is
On wet banks and
3.
HYMENOSTOMUM
R. Brown, Trans. Linn.

1819.
Soc. 12 2 :573.
Small plants with crisped leaves; partial to calcareous habitats. Differing from Weisia only in the lack of a peristome; the mouth of capsule covered with a fugacious membrane developed from the
top of the columella.
1.
HYMENOSTOMUM JAMESONI (W.

Pflanzenf.
I
3
:
Arn.)
Broth.,
E.
&
P.
Nat.
386.
1902.
Arn., in
Gymnostomum Jamesoni W.
Wern. Transact.
5: 200(7).
Small, laxly gregarious plants. strongly contorted when dry, erect-spreading

long, linear-lanceolate
Stems 2-3
mm.
high.
Leaves
when
moist, to 2
mm.
pale, ovate base, acute, mucronate, involute above base; costa pale, 50-60 n entire; margins narrowly wide below, excurrent in a sharp, pale mucro; upper cells small, opaque, obscure, papillose, basal cells rectangular, pellucid, smooth. Seta 4-5 mm. long, pale yellow; capsule erect, ovoid, urn 1-1.1 mm.
long;' peristome lacking; lid conic-rostrate, 0.5
from a
mm.
long.
(Fig. 40,
F-H.)

:
89
Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark
Distribution: Brazil.
study of the tropical American species of this genus is essential before they can be named with any certainty. As far as I can see there are no important differences between Sharp's 1947 and plants from Brazil, determined as H. Jamesoni. Steyermark's 42746 is sterile and theresoil
On
at moderate to high altitudes.
critical
fore questionable,
but
it
may
be remarked that the leaves here
closely the type material of H. mexicanum Card, and also those of H. tortile Bry. Eur.
match very
4.
WEISIA
Hedw., Sp. Muse.
64.
1801.
longer, dry, narrowly lanceolate from a broader base; upper margins involute; costa short excurrent; basal cells hyaline, upper
Stems
short, branched.
Lower leaves
small, upper
much
crisped
when
cells small,
opaque, papillose.
Seta elongate; capsule erect; peristome
teeth variable, entire or divided.

Costa rarely over 50/* wide below Costa 70-75 n wide below
1. W. viridula W. jamaicensis
2.
FIGURE 40
A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X16; C, apex of leaf, X134; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; E, capsule, X14. F-H, Hymenostomum Jamesoni: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X14; H, capsule, X8. I-L, Weisia viridula: I, leaf, X14; J, apex of leaf, X134; K, capsule, X8; L, part of peristome, X134.
ligulaia:
A-E, Merceya
90
25
1.
WEISIA VIRIDULA Hedw., Sp. Muse.
68.
1801.
Plants bright green or yellowish green in low tufts. Stems to 5 mm. or more high. Upper leaves lanceolate, sharply pointed,
mm. long; margins strongly involute and entire above; costa narrow, excurrent, 35-45 /x wide at base; upper cells 6-7 //, densely Seta papillose, opaque, basal cells rectangular, hyaline, smooth. 3-7 mm. high; capsule oblong-cylindric; peristome teeth variable, short and truncate or lanceolate. (Fig. 40, I-L.)
2.5-3
Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75228a.
Distribution Cosmopolitan but apparently infrequent in Central

:
America.
On
2.
soil
WEISIA JAMAICENSIS
157.
(Mitt.) Grout,
Moss
Fl. of
No. Amer.
1:
1938.
1869.
Tortula jamaicensis Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 147.
Trichostomum Purpusi Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 73. Trichostomum involvens Card., Rev. Bryol. 40: 34.
1909. 1913.
Stems
to 1
cm. or
more
high.
Leaves 3-4
mm.
long, linear
from
a broader oblong-ovate, hyaline base, sharply pointed; margins strongly involute; costa strong, 75-80 n wide below, excurrent; basal cells rectangular, upper cells small, dense, opaque, papillose. Seta 8-15 mm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 2-2.5 mm. long; peristome teeth divided nearly to base into 32 filiform, papillose forks. (Fig. 41,
A-D.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 89664. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58985a.
Distribution: Southern United States, Mexico,
West
Indies.
On banks and rocks at moderate altitude.
In no. 89664 the leaves
are typically narrow and sharply pointed while in no. 58985a they are broader and bluntly pointed, but I believe both collections may
safely be referred here.
5.
GYMNOSTOMUM
Hedw., Sp. Muse.
30.
1801.
Dioicous; small, slender plants usually occurring in limestone Leaves narrowly lanceolate, contorted when dry; basal regions.
cells
rectangular, hyaline, upper cells small, papillose, obscure.

lid
elongate; capsule erect, ovoid; peristome lacking;

Stems short, leaves Ungulate, often obtuse Stems elongate, leaves lanceolate, acute
Seta not persistent.

2.
G. calcareum
1.
G. aeruginosum

1.
91
GYMNOSTOMUM AERUGINOSUM
Gymnostomum
Sm.,
Fl. Brit. 3: 1163.

1807.
1804.
rupestre Schleich., Cat. 29.
Slender plants in compact cushions, green above, pale brown Stems about 3 cm. below, incrusted with a calcareous deposit.
high.
Leaves to 1.6
mm.
long, narrowly linear-lanceolate, broadly
acute; margins plane; costa stout, about 60
p. wide below, ending below apex; upper cells 10-12 n, obscure, densely papillose, rectangular and hyaline at base. Seta short; capsules short oblong.
(Fig. 41,
E-G.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82781
(sterile).
Distribution: Southern
Asia, China, Japan.
Canada
to
Texas and Arizona, Europe,

altitude.
On damp,
calcareous
bank at moderate
Not recorded
before from below the United States border.
2.
GYMNOSTOMUM CALCAREUM Nees &

53.
Hornsch., Bry. Germ. 1:
1823.
Stems short, 4-8 mm. high. Leaves less than 1 mm. long, similar to those of G. aeruginosum but often obtusely rounded at apex.
FIGURE 41
A-D, Weisia
D, capsule, X8.
jamaicensis: A, plant, XI; B,

plant,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
leaf,
of leaf,
X134;
of leaf,
E-G, Gymnostomum aeruginosum: E,

X134.
of leaf,
Xl; F,
X26; G, apex
H-L, Gymnostomum calcareum: H, plant, Xl; I and X134; L, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
J, leaves,
X26; K, apex
92
25
Seta 4-5
(Fig. 41,
mm.
long; capsule short ovoid, urn about 0.7
mm.
long.
H-L.)
Dept. Sacatepequez
:
Standley 58936.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 656^.1, 65661, 6580^. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 62866.
Distribution: Newfoundland to California south to West Virginia and Arizona, Europe, Asia, Africa.
On damp banks and cliffs at moderate to rather high altitudes. These collections are typical and several of them well fruited.
6.
HUSNOTIELLA
Card., Rev. Bryol. 36:71.
1909.
Plants small, closely tufted. Stems short, erect. Leaves ovatelingulate, rounded at apex; margins entire, revolute; costa ending below apex, with stereids on dorsal side only; cells small, papillose,
obscure, rectangular and
erect; peristome
smooth below.
S^ta elongate; capsules
very rudimentary or none.
1.
HUSNOTIELLA REVOLUTA Card., Rev. Bryol. 36:

Stems to
71.
1909.
1 cm. high, olive green above, brown below. Leaves contorted when dry, about 1 mm. long, lingulate, rounded strongly at apex; margins revolute except near base; costa strong, ending
below apex, wider and spurred above; cells rounded, mammillose, 8-10 n, basal cells short rectangular, hyaline. Seta 6-8 mm. long;
capsules erect, subcylindric.
(Fig. 42,
A-C.)
Distribution: Southwestern United States, Mexico.
shaded bricks of path at moderate altitude. The short, lingulate, rounded leaves with revolute margins and thick, spurred
costa are distinctive characters.
On
7.
HYMENOSTYLIUM
1827.
Dioicous; slender, compactly tufted plants, green above, brown below. Stems long, fragile, tomentose. Leaves curved when dry,
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; margin recurved below; costa ending below apex; cells rounded, papillose, rectangular below. Seta elongate; capsules ovoid, wide mouthed; peristome lacking; lid remaining attached to columella after dehiscence.

1.
93
HYMENOSTYLIUM RECURVIROSTRUM (Hedw.)

etLich. 6:96.
Gymnostomum
1933.
recurvirostrum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 33.
Dix., Rev.
Bryol.
1801.
Stems to 3-4 cm. long or longer. Leaves crowded, more long, keeled; margins recurved on one or both
upper
cells distinct,
to 2
mm.
or
sides below;
crassate, rectangular basal cells few. Seta erect and slenderly beaked, lid persistent.
rounded or angular, diam. 8-10 n, papillose, in8-10 mm. long; capsule

(Fig. 42,
D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44575; Standley 70882a. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81621, 81672a, 81688; Steyermark SOOOOa, 50146a, 50152, 50282a, 51235. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35701, 36888a. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42934.
fornia
Distribution: Labrador to Alaska south to South Carolina, Caliand West Indies, wide in Europe, Asia, New Zealand.
On
calcareous rocks and bluffs at

all sterile
medium
to high altitudes.
These collections are
and although variable have in common narrowly lanceolate leaves with at least one margin recurved below and distinct upper cells. Some of the forms with longer,
crispate leaves are quite similar to
Eur.) but it seems more conservative to include the problem can be clarified by fertile collections.
Amphidium Mougeotii them here
(Bry.
until
FIGURE 42 A-C, Husnotiella revoluta: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X26; C, apex of leaf, X120. D-F, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum: D, leaf, X26; E, apex of leaf, X120;
F, upper leaf cells
of leaf,
and margin, X270.

dicranoides: G, plant,
G-K, Rhamphidium
X120; K,
leaf cells
Xl; H and and margin near apex, X270.
I,
leaves,
X26;
J,
apex
94

8.
25
RHAMPHIDIUM
1869.
Small, slender plants. Leaves lanceolate from a sheathing base; margins erect; costa ending below apex; basal cells linear, upper Seta elongate; capsule nodding, oblongcells subquadrate, smooth. cylindric; peristome teeth divided nearly to base into 2 filiform, papillose forks; lid long beaked.
r-
1.
RHAMPHIDIUM DICRANOIDES
(C.
M.)
Bartr., Bryol. 49: 112. 1946.

1851. 1897.
Leptotrichum dicranoides C. M., Syn. 2: 612.
ITrichostomum hyophilaceum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 191.
Small, slender, yellowish plants. Stems erect, to 10 or 12 mm. Leaves crispate when dry, spreading when moist, high, reddish. scarcely 1 mm. long, lanceolate from a short, broad, clasping base,
concave, obtuse; margins erect, distantly denticulate above middle; costa ending below apex, toothed on back above; upper cells subquadrate to slightly elongate, smooth, distinct, diam. about 10 //,
basal cells narrowly rectangular. Seta slender, reddish, 1 cm. long; capsule suberect to nodding, urn 1.5-1.8 mm. long. (Fig. 42, G-K.)
Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 87201, 87206.
281t5, 2856.
Dept. Suchiate: Svihla 2837,
Distribution: Alabama,
Louisiana,
Mexico, Central America,
West
in
Indies,
South America.
On wet banks at moderate altitudes. These collections differ no way from Liebman's original gathering from Mexico. There is nothing very distinctive in the description of Trichostomum hyophilaceum C. M. and none of the type material is available. In
all
probability
it will
prove to be a synonym of R. dicranoides.
9.
TURCKHEIMIA
Broth., Ofv. F. Vetno. 7: 2. 1909-1910. Soc. Forh. 52,
late,
Dioicous; very small, pale green plants. Leaves linear-lanceosubulate-acuminate, entire; costa percurrent; upper cells small,
rounded, basal cells oblong, hyaline. Seta elongate; capsule erect, cylindric; peristome in our species' none or rudimentary.
1.
TURCKHEIMIA GUATEMALENSIS
52, no. 7: 2.
Broth., Ofv. F. Vet.-Soc. Forh.
1909-1910.
when
Stems 1-2 mm. high, branched. Leaves few, flexuous-spreading dry, about 2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate; costa ending in the
95
subula; upper cells rounded-hexagonal, 8 M, obscurely mammillose, occasionally in 2 layers at margins above, basal cells lax, oblong, Seta 5-8 mm. long, slender; capsule cylindric, urn 0.5-1 hyaline.
mm.
long, tapering to seta.
Lid and peristome not seen.

J. Turckheim 1908.
(Fig. 43,
A-D.)
West Guatemala: Livingston, H.
is described as having no peristome but Mrs. Britton's notes accompanying part of the type collection in the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium indicate that traces of a peristome
Endemic. This species
remain.
It is evidently rare
and has never been
collected again to
my
10.
knowledge.
TRICHOSTOMUM
Dioicous; small to
Hedw. emend. Bruch, Flora

sized, tufted plants.
2: 393.
1829.
medium
Leaves narrow,
dry; margins plane; costa percurrent or excurrent, crisped with dorsal and ventral stereid bands; upper cells small, papillose,
when
Seta elongate, erect; capsule rectangular, pellucid. teeth 16, erect, papillose, bifid or rudimentary; cylindric; peristome lid conic-rostrate.
basal
cells
1.
2.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute Leaves wider, apex obtuse, mucronate Stems 1-2 mm. high, leaves less than 1.5 mm. long Stems 5-10 mm. high, leaves 3-4 mm. long
1.
T. cylindricum 2
2.
3. T. pygmaeum T. brachydontium
1.
TRICHOSTOMUM CYLINDRICUM (Bruch) C. M., Syn.

1849.
Weisia cylindrica Bruch, in Brid. Bryol. Univ.
1
:
1:
586.
806.
1826.
Plants loosely tufted, yellowish above, brown below.

2.5
Stems to
cm. high. Leaves crispate when dry, brittle, linear-lanceolate from an erect, pale base, 3-4 mm. long, acute; margins plane, often sinuate or notched above; costa excurrent in a short, pellucid
apiculus; upper cells rounded, papillose, obscure, basal cells rectangular. Seta 1-1.5 cm. long, slender, yellowish; capsules cylindric,
erect or slightly curved;
(Fig. 43,
peristome teeth short, erect, irregular.
E-G.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69650a. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66063; Steyermark 36115a, S6120. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 58832. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58?40a, 60962a. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58J^85a, 80601.
Distribution: Greenland to Manitoba south to North Carolina and Arizona, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Japan.
96
25
FIGURE 43
XI; B, leaf, X14; C, apex X120; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-G, Trichostomum cylindricum: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, apex X120. H-J, Trichostomum brachydontium: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, apex X120.
guatemalensis: A, plant,
A-D, Turckheimia
of leaf, of leaf, of leaf,
On banks,, rocks and logs at collections vary considerably but
medium
no more so than
to high altitudes. These in the north where
the species is proverbially plastic. Some of the collections show the pellucid basal cells extending up the margins as in Tortella but this anomalous feature is neither constant nor well marked.
2.
TRICHOSTOMUM BRACHYDONTIUM Bruch,

1829.
in
Flora P.
2:
393.
Rather coarse plants in lax, brownish green tufts. Stems 1-2 cm. Leaves crowded, contorted and incurved when dry, 3-4 mm. long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, short pointed, mucronate by the
high.
short excurrent costa, not fragile; upper cells small, dense, very Seta 1-1.2 cm. long; opaque, basal cells rectangular, pellucid. capsule ovoid-cylindric; peristome short or rudimentary. (Fig. 43,
H-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81181; Steyermark 50282. Steyermark ^2205. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76^8, 77310.
:
Dept. Zacapa:
Distribution: Mexico, Jamaica, Europe, Asia, Africa, Japan. On damp banks and rocks at moderate altitudes. These collections are without fruit but the vegetative characters are in every way similar to T. brachydontium.

3.
97
TRICHOSTOMUM PYGMAEUM
1946.
1-2
Stems very short, Small, dull green, densely tufted plants. mm. high. Lower leaves minute, the upper to 1.4 mm. long,
crisped
oblong-lanceolate, concave, obtuse, mucronate; margins erect, papillose-crenulate; costa ending in or just below
when dry;
apex, papillose on back above; upper cells densely papillose, obscure, diam. 6-8 M, basal cells rectangular, smooth, pellucid. (Fig. 44, A-C.)
guitz to
Dept. Alta Verapaz: along Rio Icvolay, north and northwest of Finca CubilQuebrada Diabalo, alt. 300-350 m., Steyermark M770, TYPE.
Endemic.
While lacking any marked characters, this species seems to be from any of its local associates in the short stems and small, bluntly pointed, concave leaves.
clearly different
11.
PSEUDOSYMBLEPHARIS
Ed.
2,
10:261.
Broth., E. 1924.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
Plants fairly robust, growing in deep tufts. Stems branched. Leaves strongly curled when dry, lanceolate from an obovate, sheathing base, acuminate; margins erect; costa excurrent; basal cells Seta elongate; capsule linear, hyaline, upper cells small, papillose.
cylindric; peristome teeth erect, irregularly cleft.
1.
PSEUDOSYMBLEPHARIS CIRCINATA (Schimp.) Broth., E.

Pflanzenf. Ed. 2, 10: 261.
&
P.
1924.
1871.
Syrrhopodon rircinatus Schimp., in Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 28.
Stems to 3 cm. or more high, yellowish green, brown below. Leaves crowded, the long points widely spreading and circinate when dry, rather brittle, to 10-12 mm. long, narrowly linear-lanceolate from an erect, obovate, strongly clasping base, gradually subulate
acuminate; upper margins minutely papillose-crenulate; costa excurrent in a smooth, sharp point; upper cells subquadrate, densely
papillose, obscure, basal cells linear, hyaline, becoming incrassate toward shoulders with sinuose lateral walls, long and narrow toward
margins and often forming an indistinct border to above

shoulders.
leaf
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 44,
D-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71601. Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 48575 (as P. subulata sp. nov.), 1*8928(1, SOltfb. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58781 c. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31693.
98
25
H
B
FIGURE 44 A-C, Trichostomum pygmaeum: A, plant, Xl; B,

X120.
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
D-G, Pseudosymblepharis
leaf,
circinata: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X6; F, apex of X120; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. H-J, Timmiella anomala: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X12; J, apex of leaf, X120.
On trees and rocks at moderate altitudes. Distinguished from Trichostomum principally by the obovate, clasping leaf base. The narrow marginal cells of the leaf base and the slender, subulate leaf point have a suggestive parallel in Trichostomum angustatum (Mitt.)
Fleisch. of Malaysia.
12.
TIMMIELLA (DeNot.) Limpr., Laubm. 1: 590. 1888. Timmiella Sec. of Trichostomum DeNot., Cron. Briol.
Ital. 1
:
14.
1886.
Plants fairly robust, laxly tufted. Leaves strongly contorted with incurved margins when dry, oblong-lanceolate, toothed above; costa strong; upper cells rounded, in 2 layers except near margins, mammillose on ventral face, basal cells rectangular, hyaline. Seta elongate; capsule cylindric; peristome teeth from a low basal membrane, divided into 32 filiform, papillose forks, erect or slightly
twisted;
lid conic-rostrate.
1.
TIMMIELLA ANOMALA
(Bry. Eur.) Limp.,

fasc.
Laubm.
1: 592.
1888.
Barbula anomala Bry. Eur.
13-15.
1842.
Autoicous or synoicous; stems 1 cm. or more high. Upper leaves broadly linear from an ovate base, 4-5 mm. long, concave,
99
acute; margins erect or inflexed, serrate toward apex; costa broad below, ending near apeX; basal cells hyaline, upper cells 7-10 n,
Seta 15-20 mm. long, slender; capsules narrowly cylindric, curved, urn 4 mm. long; lid 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth about 1 mm. long, slightly twisted. (Fig. 44, H-J.)
the dorsal layer smooth.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65266.
Distribution: California, Arizona, Mexico, Europe, Asia.
On damp bank at high altitude. The narrowly pointed leaves suggest that this may be the form described as T. subanomala Besch. from Mexico, but I doubt that it is specifically distinct.
13.
TORTELLA (C. M.) Limp., Laubm. 1: 599. 1890. Barbula Sec. Tortella C. M., Syn. 1 599. 1849.
:
Medium sized plants growing in mats. Stems erect, radiculose. Leaves usually strongly crisped when dry, widely spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate; margins erect or inflexed; costa strong, excurrent, glossy on back when dry; upper cells small, rounded, papillose, basal cells rectangular, hyaline, extending up margins in
Seta elongate; capsules erect or nearly teeth split to base into 32 filiform, papillose forks, so; peristome
less distinct border.
a more or
spirally twisted; lid beaked.

1.
Hyaline border of broad, rectangular

leaf
Hyaline border of narrow

2.
cells
extending more than half way up 1. T. Richardsii confined to basal part of leaf 2
cells
Leaf apex abruptly rounded and mucronate Leaf apex slenderly subulate-acuminate
plants, stems to 4 cm. or more high Small plants, stems under 1 cm. high
2.
T. guatemalensis 3
3.
3.
Robust
T. tortuosa
4.
T. mollissima
1.
TORTELLA RICHARDSII
1946.
simple
Stems to 2 cm. high, Dull, olive green plants in dense mats. or branched, densely foliate, slightly radiculose below.
Leaves flexuous-spreading moist and dry, slightly contorted, 4-7 mm. long, rather quickly linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, sharply acute at apex, channelled, bordered to above middle with 3-4 rows of rectangular, hyaline cells; margins erect, minutely papillose-crenulate above; costa brown, stout, short excurrent in a pellucid apiculus; upper cells rounded, obscure, diameter about 6 /z>
basal cells rectangular, smooth, pellucid.
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 45,
A-D.)
100
25
FIGURE 45
A-D, Tortella Richardsii: A, moist plant, XI; B, leaf, about half way up, X120; D, apex of leaf, X120.
E-G,
X120. H-J,
Tortella guatemalensis: E, moist plant, Tortella mollissima:
X8; C, one
side of leaf
of leaf,
Xl; F,
I, leaf,
leaf,
X8; G, apex
J,
H, moist plant, Xl;
X8;
apex of
leaf,
X120.
alt.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Vicinity of Cubilguitz, 300-350 m., Steyermark M389, TYPE.
1^-2
miles south of Cubilguitz,
Distribution: British Honduras.
very distinct and handsome species which may well prove to be generically distinct when the fruit is known. The rectangular, hyaline border cells average about 15 n wide and up to 60 long and merge gradually with the basal areolation instead of continuing in a distinct marginal band below as in Pleurochaete.
/j.
I take pleasure in naming this unique plant for Mr. Donald Richards whose labors in packeting and labeling the extensive Guatemalan collections have greatly facilitated the study of the
material.
2.
TORTELLA GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
Plants with the habit of T. tortuosa

scarcely 5
(Turn.)
high, laxly tufted, pale green. strongly contorted with circinate points when dry, laxly spreading when moist, to 5.5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from a scarcely wider base, abruptly rounded and mucronate at apex, channelled above,
mm.
Limp. Stems Leaves crowded,
lamina
fragile
and often broken; margins plane,
lightly undulate
101
above, minutely papillose-crenulate; costa very strong below, about 90 M wide, excurrent in a sharp, pellucid mucro; upper leaf cells densely papillose, obscure, diam. 8-10 M, basal cells laxly rectangular,
about 15 M wide, extending up margins but much less conspicuously than in T. tortuosa. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 45, E-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 8987^ (as Trichostomum angustinerve Card.). Dept. Retalhuleu: Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82556a (as T. tortuosa). Standley 88397 TYPE (as T. tortuosa). Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80361 (as T. tortuosa).
:
Endemic.
On
first
trees
and damp banks at moderate
altitudes.
thought at
that these plants could be included in T. tortuosa but a more careful comparison shows that this is not practicable. The differences
are not marked but consistent. In the Guatemalan plants the leaves are abruptly rounded at the apex, the basal cells are wider and more lax and less conspicuously extended up the margins.
3.
TORTELLA TORTUOSA (Hedw.) Limp., Laubm.

Tortula tortuosa Hedw., Sp. Muse. 124.
1801.
604.
1890.
below.
late
Robust brownish plants in dense tufts, yellow at tips, dark brown Stems to 4 cm. high, branched. Leaves widely spreading,
strongly contorted
when
dry, to 6
mm.
long, gradually linear-lanceo-
from a short, ovate base, entire, subulate-acuminate, points fragile and usually broken off; margins erect, undulate; costa strong,
excurrent; basal cells linear, porose, pellucid, extending well
up
margins to above leaf-shoulders; lamina cells small, obscure, densely papillose. Seta reddish, to 3 cm. long; capsule cylindrical; peristome
teeth red, twisted in several turns.
(Fig. 39,
G-H.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Sharp 4811.
Distribution: Northern United States and
Canada south
to the
Gulf of Mexico.
On calcareous bluffs and boulders at moderately high altitudes. Although sterile, these collections are thoroughly typical of the species which has not been recorded before in North America south of the Mexican border.
4.
TORTELLA MOLLISSIMA
Broth., Bryol. 50: 203.
1947.
brownish green.
Plants densely tufted forming extensive, low mats, yellowish or Stems rarely over 1 cm. high. Leaves crowded,
102
25
linear
strongly curled toward tips when dry, 4-8 or 9 mm. long, narrowly from a short, pale, shining, oblong-ovate base, tapering
gradually to slender, subulate-acuminate tips; margins erect, not undulate; costa short-excurrent; upper cells minute, obscure, densely
papillose,
basal cells rectangular, hyaline, thin-walled, extending
upward along margins higher than toward costa but not forming a
conspicuous border.
erect, cylindrical,
Seta 13
urn 2
mm.
long, reddish, slender; capsule long; peristome not seen. (Fig. 45,
mm.
H-J.)
Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2696.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2863. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Sharp 29 W, 3002. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32553. Dept.
Distribution: Mexico, Porto Rico, Jamaica, Trinidad.
This seems to be a boulders at relatively low altitudes. Caribbean type extending into the lowlands of Mexico and typical Guatemala in conformity with the usual distributional picture. The
plant I have seen came from Sharp's 3002, north of Alta Verapaz, alt. 4,400 ft. The capsule is too old to show Coban, the peristome structure but the sporophyte appears to be relatively smaller and more slender than in T. tortuosa. In T. mollissima the shorter stems, very narrow blades rarely over 0.22 mm. wide and not undulate on the edges, coupled with the less conspicuous border of narrow cells extending only a short way up the basal leaf margins, seem to be good diagnostic features as compared with T. tortuosa.
On
only
fertile
14.
PLEUROCHAETE
Lindb., de Tort. 253.
1864.
radiculose.
Plants laxly erect, in loose tufts. Stems flexuous, branched, not Leaves lanceolate from an erect, sheathing base, bordered in lower half; margins toothed above base; costa percurrent;
upper cells subquadrate, papillose, median basal cells chlorophyllose, marginal rows rectangular, pellucid, extending up margins in a narrow border. Seta lateral; peristome long, slightly twisted.
1.
PLEUROCHAETE LUTEOLA
14.
2 (Besch.) TheY., Smiths. Misc. Coll. 78
1926.
1871.
Trichostomum luteolum Besch., Prod. Bryol. Mex. 34.
Robust plants forming deep, lax tufts, yellowish green above, brown below. Stems to 8 cm. long, branched, densely foliate. Leaves
erect-spreading with tightly curled
points when dry, squarrosespreading when moist, 4-5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an erect, concave, clasping, oblong-ovate base, acuminate, with a dis-

tinct border of elongate, pellucid cells extending
103
more than
half
way up the leaf margins; margins erect, undulate, denticulate with irregular teeth to below the leaf shoulders; costa percurrent; inner
basal cells linear with firm, pellucid lateral walls, laxly rectangular and pellucid in 6 or 7 rows at margins, gradually merging
above with the small, subquadrate, densely papillose lamina cells, border near mid-leaf 3-4 rows wide of narrowly rectangular, pellucid
cells
with slightly porose, pale, incrassate walls, sharply defined

cells.
from the small, obscure lamina
(Fig. 46,
A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Sharp 48^8, 4864, 4970, 5361.
Distribution: Mexico, Ecuador.
On calcareous boulders and soil at moderately high altitudes. Distinguished from P. squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. by the more robust habit, elongated inner basal cells and the hyaline border extending
farther
up the margins. No. 4864 in the above series approaches P. squarrosa in the shorter interior basal cells but the hyaline border extends higher up the leaf as in P. luteola.
15.
TRICHOSTOMOPSIS
Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 73.
1909.
Small, tufted, green plants; stems short.
when
Leaves crowded, crisped lanceolate, acute; margins lightly reflexed; costa perdry,
FIGURE 46
Pleurochaete luteola: A, plant, X%; B, leaf, X12; C, upper leaf cells and margin above mid-leaf, X340; D, basal leaf cells, X340. E-G, Leptodontium excelsum: E, leaf, X12; F, cells and margin near mid-leaf, X400; G, basal leaf cells, X400.
A-D,
104
25
current, with stereid band on dorsal side only; upper cells papillose, often bistratose, basal cells rectangular, hyaline. Seta terminal, elongate; capsules erect; peristome teeth divided nearly to base into
2 filiform, papillose forks, slightly twisted.
1.
TRICHOSTOMOPSIS DIAPHANOBASIS (Card.) Grout, Moss No. Amer. 1 228. 1939.

:
Fl.
of
Didymodon diaphanobasis Card., Rev. Bryol. 37:
125.
1910.
about
Plants densely tufted, brownish green above, paler below. Stems 1 cm. high. Leaves contorted when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long,
lanceolate, acute; costa percurrent; upper cells rounded, papillose, 10-12 IJL, bistratose at margins, basal cells lax, rectangular, hyaline.
Seta 7-8
rostrate.
mm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, urn about 2 peristome teeth slightly twisted, about 0.5 mm. long;
(Fig. 47,
mm.
lid
long; conic-
A-D.)
:
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 664.89a in part, 66502.
Distribution: Arizona, Texas, Mexico.
On
of the leaf base
rocks at high altitude. The lax, thin walled, hyaline cells and the leaf blade broader above may assist in separat-
ing this species from
Didymodon Godmanianus.
16.
LEPTODONTIUM
Hampe, Linnaea
20: 70.
1847.
Stems short to very long, mostly laxly
Usually dioicous; slender to robust plants in lax tufts or mats. Leaves contorted foliate. or crispate when dry, lanceolate or lingulate, usually coarsely toothed above; costa strong, ending in or near apex, with a thick dorsal stereid band and a thinner band on the ventral face; lamina cells
cells rectangular, hyaline. Perichaetial leaves sheathing; seta erect; capsules cylindric; peristome teeth 16,
rounded, papillose, basal
irregularly cleft; lid beaked.

1.
Stems slender, often short, leaves less than 2.5 mm. long Stems robust, elongate, leaves over 2.5 mm. long
Leaves minutely denticulate Leaves coarsely serrate
1.
4
L. filescens 3
2.
3.
Leaves oblong-lingulate Leaves linear-lanceolate

Papillae of leaf cells multifid Papillae of leaf cells simple or forked
2.
3. L. Orcutti L. Valerianum
4.
5 6
4. L. gracile L. subgracile
5.
Inner basal leaf Inner basal leaf
cells
thin-walled, hyaline
5.
cells firm, pellucid

6.
105
6.
Leaf base obovate Leaf base ovate
L. acutifolium 7
7.
7.
Lamina Lamina
cells
cells incrassate,
dense, basal cells with straight lateral walls basal cells with sinuose lateral walls
L. excelsum 8
8.
Leaves erect-spreading when moist, long and slenderly acuminate

10. L. ulocalyx
Leaves squarrose-recurved when moist, short acuminate

9.
9
9. 8.
Papillae of leaf cells simple, low Papillae of leaf cells high, often forked
L. sulphureum L. exasperatum
1.
LEPTODONTIUM FILESCENS (Hampe)

50.
1869.
filescens
Trichostomum
Hampe, Linnaea
32: 128.
1863.
Plants yellowish green.
cm. long.
1.2
mm.
Stems slender, red, laxly foliate, to 1.5 Leaves appressed and slightly contorted when dry, to long, oblong-ovate, acute, apiculate, keeled; margins re-
curved near mid-leaf, papillose-crenulate, slightly denticulate near apex; costa ending below apex, papillose on back; inner basal cells
rectangular, incrassate, upper cells irregularly rounded, densely papillose, obscure. Seta 8-9 mm. long; capsule erect. (Fig. 47, E-I.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67663a.
:
M
FIGURE 47
Trichostomopsis diaphanobasis: A, moist plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; D, basal leaf cells, X270. E-I, Leptodontium filescens: E, moist plant, X 1 F and G, leaves, X 14; H, apex of leaf, X120; I, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
A-D,
J-M, Leptodontium Valerianum:

X120; M, upper
leaf cells
J, plant,
Xl; K,
leaf,
X14; L, apex
of leaf,
and margin, X270.
106

Distribution: Mexico to Colombia.
25
On
sterile.
moist bank at high altitude. Rarely collected and usually The slender stems and small, subentire leaves are distinctive.
Bartr., Journ.
2.
LEPTODONTIUM VALERIANUM
19: 18.
Wash. Acad.
Sci.
1929.
Slender, yellowish green plants; stems 1 cm. long or longer, densely tomentose below. Leaves incurved and contorted when dry, about 2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, short acuminate; margins erect,
coarsely and irregularly serrate above; costa strong, subpercurrent;
upper
47,
cells
7-8
y.,
densely papillose, occasionally in 2 layers near

oblong, pellucid.
margins, basal
cells
Sporophyte unknown.
(Fig.
J-M.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 356 96a.
On moist, shaded bluffs at high altitude. This species has some anomalous characters but until the sporOphyte is known it may be retained here.
3.
LEPTODONTIUM ORCUTTI
289.
Zygodon
Bartr., Journ.
Wash. Acad.
Sci.
21:
1931.
gracilis var.
americana Grout, Moss
Fl.
No. Amer. 2: 141.

Fl.
1935.
1: 171.
Leptodontium flexifolium var.

1938.
americanum Grout, Moss
No. Amer.
Slender plants, yellowish green above, brown below. Stems to 4 cm. long but usually shorter. Leaves contorted and incurved when dry, to 2 mm. long, oblong-lingulate, abruptly acute, keeled;
margins slightly recurved, irregularly serrate above; costa ending below apex; upper cells rounded, 7-10 n, densely papillose, 4-6 rows at margins often incrassate forming a pellucid border, basal cells rectangular. Seta about 12 mm. long, pale yellow; capsule suberect, cylindric, urn 2 mm. long; peristome teeth divided to base, forks
lightly granulose; lid conic-rostrate.
:
(Fig. 48,
A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50172. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35523. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62667, 62685, 84512a, 84562. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standby 67687, 67715b, 67717, 67727a, 67731, 67739, 67759a, 86136, 86137; Steyermark 34164, 34165a. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47496. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58745, 60980, 61078.
Distribution: North Carolina, Mexico, Costa Rica. On trees, logs, banks and rocks at high altitudes.
Until this
practical to
genus
is
more
critically studied
feel
that
it is
more
107
use the less cumbersome name for the North American plants which are obviously closely allied to L. flexifolium (Sm.) Hampe. In our plants the leaves are often conspicuously bordered, the spores average
little
larger
and there are
slight differences in the sporophyte.
4.
LEPTODONTIUM GRACILE C. M.,

1896.
Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 23: 474.
Stems 3-4 cm. long, yellowish green at tips, brown below. Leaves crowded, strongly contorted when dry, about 4 mm. long, ovate, short acuminate; margins recurved about half way up, plane and irregularly serrate above; costa ending below apex; inner basal cells
rectangular, lax, thin walled, hyaline, shorter and strongly papillose toward margins, changing abruptly above to the rounded upper cells
which are strongly papillose with multifid papillae.
Sporophyte
unknown.
(Fig. 48,
E-H.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62686, 62687, 8US2, 84U1,
WW,
8M6.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Bolivia.
at high altitudes. The large area of delicate, basal cells changing quickly to the small, chlorophyllose hyaline cells of the margins and to the similar lamina cells above is a note-
On damp banks
worthy feature of
this species.
H
FIGURE 48
A-D, Leptodontium
D, upper
leaf cells
Orcutti: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
X14; G, upper
of leaf,
X120; and
and margin, X270.

leaf,
E-H, Leptodontium gracile: E, plant, Xl; F, margin, X270; H, inner basal leaf cells, X270.
leaf cells
108
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
H
FIGURE 49
A-D, Leptodontium
X120; D,
cells
subgracile: A, plant, inner basal leaf cells, X270.
XI; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
leaf
E-H, Leptodontium
acutifolium: E, plant,
XI;
F, leaf,
X14; G, upper
and margin, X270; H, inner basal
leaf cells,
X270.
5.
LEPTODONTIUM SUBGRACILE Ren.

31:153.
1892.
Leptodontium brachyphyllum Broth.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
&
Ther., Bull. Acad. Int. de Geog. Bot.
40.
1906.
above.
Stems slender, flexuous, 3-8 cm. long or longer, yellowish green Leaves not crowded, appressed with contorted points when
moist, 2.5-5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, short recurved more than half way up, irregularly acuminate; margins serrate above; costa ending just below apex; basal cells linear with firm lateral walls, papillose nearly to insertion, upper cells densely papillose with multifid papillae. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 49,
dry, spreading
when
A-D.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35789. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83135. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34163a. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 322M, 33119.
:
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia.
On
The only
dry and moist banks and trees at medium to high altitudes. noticeable difference between L. subgracile and L. brachy-
phyllum is in the length of the stems. Apparently the plants growing in moist habitats have longer stems while those found on dry or rocky banks have shorter stems. As the structural details are identical, I feel that they can safely be combined in one species.

6.
109
LEPTODONTIUM ACUTIFOLIUM
1869.
12: 51.
cm. long, yellowish above, brown below. Leaves appressed and contorted when dry, widely spreading with decurved points when moist, 2.5-3 mm. long, lanceolate from an
Stems
slender, to 10
erect, obovate, clasping base,
acuminate; margins recurved below,
sharply serrate above; costa percurrent; basal cells linear with sinuose, incrassate lateral walls, upper cells 6-9 n, papillose. Seta
1.25 cm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric; lid short beaked.
(Fig. 49,
E-H.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35523a, 3552!+.
Salvin (type).
Volcan del Fuego, Godman
&
Distribution: Ecuador, Bolivia.
On dry ridges in pine woods at high altitudes. Clearly distinguished by the upwardly dilated leaf base, the narrow basal cells and the small, dense, obscure lamina cells.
7.
LEPTODONTIUM EXCELSUM
1908.
Syrrhopodon excelsus
Sull.,
(Sull.)
E. G. Britt, Bryol. 11: 66.
Muse. Allegh. 170.
1848. 1851. 1869.
Holomitrium serratum (Schp.) C. M., Syn. 2: 587.
Leptodontium brevisetum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 50.
Growing in intricate mats or masses, yellowish green at tips. Leaves strongly Stems elongate, flexuous, profusely branched.
when dry, widely spreading when moist, often radiculose at tips, about 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply carinate, slightly decurrent; margins recurved below, erect and
contorted
coarsely spinose-serrate at least half
way down; costa short-excurrent;
lamina
finely
cells
small,
dense,
papillose,
diam. 5-6
rounded-quadrate, slightly incrassate, near mid-leaf, larger toward apex, /x
inner basal cells narrowly rectangular with straight lateral walls, smooth, pellucid, smaller toward margins. (Pig. 46, E-G.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Sharp 231^.
:
Distribution: Southern Alleghenies, Mexico.
Leptodontium is so broadly here that Guatemala may well be considered as the represented center of distribution for the genus. This is a noteworthy collection
extending the range of the species well to the southward.
On
tree at rather high altitude.
110
25
FIGURE 50
A-C, Leptodontium exasperatum: A,

cells
plant,
Xl; B,
Xl; E,
leaf,
X14; C, upper X14; F, upper
leaf leaf
and margin, X270.
cells
D-F, Leptodontium sulphureum: D, and margin, X270.
plant,
leaf,
8.
LEPTODONTIUM EXASPERATUM
1909.
Plants yellow above, brown below. Stems branched, to 6-8 cm. Leaves crowded, contorted when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, to 4 mm. long, ovate, acuminate; margins broadly reIpng.
flexed below, serrate above; costa percurrent, papillose
on back;
basal cells linear, sinuose, upper cells rounded, distinct, very incrassate, coarsely papillose with strong, simple or forked papillae
about 10-12
fj.
high.
Sporophyte unknown.
:
(Fig. 50,
A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango 6266 1+a (as L. Sulphureum').
Steyermark 49956.
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley
On trees at high altitudes. The more broadly reflexed margins and especially the high, spine-like papillae of the leaf seem to be good diagnostic characters as compared with L. phureum.
9.
leaf
cells
sul-
LEPTODONTIUM SULPHUREUM
12: 51.
(C.

1851.
75.
1869.
Trichostomum sulphureum C. M., Syn. 2: 626.

Leptodontium helicoides Card., Rev. Bryol. 36:
1909.
111
Plants pale yellow; stems to 10 cm. long, branched. Leaves when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, 3-3.5 mm. long, sometimes indistinctly 3 ranked, slightly undulate, ovate-lanceolate, contorted
short acuminate; margins recurved below, serrate above; costa subpercurrent, minutely papillose on back; basal cells linear, incrassate, with sinuose lateral walls, upper cells rounded, incrassate, densely
papillose with low, rounded papillae scarcely 3 M high. Perichaetial leaves 7-8 mm. long, sheathing, laxly areolate, cells elongate, lateral walls straight or only slightly sinuose; seta 7 mm. long, pale yellow;
capsule ovoid-cylindric, urn 3.5 mm. long; lid 1 mm. long; peristome teeth about 0.1 long, pale, nearly smooth, indistinctly articulate;
spores 20-30 M
-
(Fig. 50,
D-F.)
:
Dept. Quiche: Standley 62471, 62539. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 62629a, 82720, 83084a; Steyermark 50508. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68589, 86314 (in prime fruit). Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84514- Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33942; Standley 67840, 83678 (as L. ulocalyx), 85653. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 57827 (as L. ulocalyx). Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80570 (as L. ulocalyx). Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75933 (as L. ulocalyx), 76423 (as L. ulocalyx). Dept.
: :
Zacapa: Steyermark 4231 9a.
Dept. Jalapa: Standley 75583, 76849, 77303.
Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Bolivia.
On damp, shaded banks and

The
this
trees at
medium
to high altitudes.
pale yellow or yellowish green color, the shorter, broader leaf points and the leaves more decurved when moist will help to separate
species
from L.
ulocalyx.
Occasional collections with more
slenderly pointed leaves are puzzling but whether these are hybrids or intermediate forms I do not know.
10.
LEPTODONTIUM ULOCALYX
51.
(C.
M.) Mitt, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:
1869.
Trichostomum ulocalyx C. M., Syn. 1: 578. 1849. Trichostomum Sartorii C. M., Linnaea 38: 637. 1874.
Leptodontium perannulatum Williams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 572.
1907.
Plants usually more slender than L. sulphureum and with a more decided brownish cast. Leaves slenderly acuminate, less strongly decurved when moist. Perichaetial leaves similar to L. sulphureum but with firmer cells and more thickened, sinuose lateral walls;
capsules to 4
mm.
long; annulus broad
and
persistent.
(Fig. 51,
A-D.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 92603. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81117, Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36094, 36096. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62729a, 84512, 84535a. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 34122, 34869b, 34851,34914a; Standley 67660a, 6766Sb, 67675, 67756, 83741. Dept. Sacatepequez
81695, 81698.
:
112

:
25
Standley 65275. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 609J^9b, 618Mb, 61858, 61869, 61870. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80608, 80732a. Dept. El Progresso: Steyer-
mark ^3114.
Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 321*61, 38051*.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela.
banks, trees and rocks at medium to high altitudes. This The distinctions are species and L. sulphur eum are closely allied. I am tempted to keep them separate relative only and not sharp. but am doubtful if the distinctions will hold. An extreme variant is represented by the following variety.
On
LEPTODONTIUM ULOCALYX
var.
CIRRIFOLIUM (Mitt.) Bartr., comb. nov.

1869.
Leptodontium cirrifoUum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 52.
crispate points
Stems longer, to 15-20 cm. long. Leaves with strongly contorted, when dry, long and slenderly acuminate.
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62708, 62722a. Dept. Solola: Steyermark
-47-455,
Panama, Ecuador. The longer stems and the relatively more slender, crispate leaf points seem to be the only differlonger ences between this form and typical L. ulocalyx.
Distribution:
On banks
at high altitudes.
17.
HYOPHILA
Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:760.
1826.
Stems Dioicous; small, tufted, green or brownish plants. branched. Leaves crowded, when dry contorted with incurved margins, Ungulate or spatulate, acute or obtuse, entire or weakly toothed above; costa ending in or near apex; upper cells subquadrate, basal cells rectangular. Seta terminal, erect; capsule exserted, erect; peristome lacking; lid beaked.
Upper Upper
leaf cells distinct, slightly papillose, seta
leaf cells obscure,
5-10
densely papillose, seta 2-3
mm. long ...... 1. H. tortula mm. long. .2. H. microcarpa

.
1.
HYOPHILA TORTULA (Schwaegr.) Hampe, Bot.

1846.
Zeit. 1846: 267.
Gymnostomum
tortula
78.
1827.
Pottia riparia Aust.,
Muse. Appl. 112.
1870. 1897. 1897.

1897.
Pottia denticulata C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 190.
Pottia subcrenulata C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 190.

Pottia reflexifolia C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 190.
Stems 2 or 3 cm. high, frequently with clusters of stalked, multicellular brood bodies in axils of comal leaves. Leaves oblong, lingu-

late or spatulate, short pointed,
113
2-3 mm. long; margins inflexed below, plane above, often with several coarse, distant teeth near apex; costa usually percurrent in a short, concolorous apiculus; upper cells rounded, distinct, 8-12 ju, with firm walls, slightly papillose, basal cells rectangular.
Seta about
long; lid 0.5
cylindric,
(Fig. 51,
urn 1.5-2
mm.
mm.
cm. long, reddish; capsule long; annulus wide.
E-G.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 45910, 1+5911; Lundell 2020. Dept. Izabal: Standley 73010; Steyermark 39922. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44762. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82217, 82902. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33929a. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 88544. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 62234. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 64514. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31122. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76802, 76816, 77210. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 77966.
:
Distribution:
Indies, Central
Eastern United States, Arizona, Mexico, West America, Brazil.
On damp
in the
rocks at low altitudes. A common and variable species American tropics where it fruits freely. The synonymy is
quite extensive.
2.
HYOPHILA MICROCARPA (Schimp.)

403.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1902.
Sci.
Trichostomum microcarpum Schimp., Ann.
Nat. Ser.
6, 3: 198.
1876.
FIGURE 51
A-D, Leptodontium
cells,
X270; D,
ulocalyx: A, plant, leaf of var. cirrifolium, X6.

tortula: E, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
leaf,
X14; C, inner basal
leaf
E-G, Hyophila
XI; F,
H-J, Hyophila microcarpa: H, plant, Xl;
I, leaf,
X12; G, apex of leaf, X120. X14; J, capsule, X14.
114
25
Dioicous; stems less than 5 mm. high. Leaves crowded, incurved and contorted when dry, to 2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute; margins erect or slightly inflexed; costa percurrent; upper cells small, dense, papillose, obscure and opaque, basal cells oblong, smooth,
pellucid.
Seta 2-3
1
urn scarcely 51, H-J.)
mm.
long; capsules short ovoid to subglobose, long; obliquely rostrate, 0.5 mm. long. (Fig.
lid
mm.
Distribution: Guadeloupe, Martinique. On damp bank at moderate altitude. These plants are apparently dioicous. No antheridia were found but the buds seen are all purely
The leaves are rather more bluntly pointed than in archegonial. the Martinique plants but the sporophyte characters agree perfectly.
18.
WEISIOPSIS
Avd. A, No. 9:7.
Broth., Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Forh. 62, 1920.
Autoicous; small terrestrial plants in extensive colonies. Leaves contorted when dry, long Ungulate, broadly rounded; margins plane; costa ending below apex; lamina cells small, papillose, basal cells Seta erect, slender; capsule ovoidrectangular, pellucid, smooth.
cylindric, erect; peristome teeth linear-subulate, erect, finely papillose; lid conic-rostrate.
1.
WEISIOPSIS OBLONGA TheY., Rev. Bryol. et Lich. 5: 95.
1932.
Stems to 3 mm. high, simple or branched, yellowish green above,

Leaves with incurved, strongly paler below, sparsely radiculose. contorted points when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 1.5-1.8 mm.
long, oblong-lingulate, broadly
cave; margins erect, apex; upper cells rounded-hexagonal, diam. 10 M, scarcely incrassate, highly convex, smooth, inner basal cells lax, rectangular, thin-walled, pellucid, to 20 n wide, narrower toward margins. Seta very slender, pale yellow, to 6 mm. long; capsule erect, urn 0.6-1 mm. long; peristome teeth slender, red, well spaced, 0.2 mm. long, 15 M wide at
base, papillose; lid rostrate, oblique, 0.5
rounded or truncate, carinate-conpapillose-crenulate; costa pale, ending below
mm.
long.
(Fig. 52,
A-C.)
at moderately high altitude. The lingulate, planerounded leaves in combination with the relatively margined, broadly long, widely spaced peristome teeth should simplify the recognition
On bank

of this attractive
115
and rare
little
moss previously known only from
the type locality in Mexico.
19.
DIDYMODON
1801.
radiculose
Small to moderately robust, tufted plants; stems branched, below. Leaves crowded, erect-spreading, lanceolate;
margins recurved; costa strong, with dorsal and ventral stereid bands; upper cells small, papillose, elongated and smooth below. Seta elongate; capsules oblong to cylindrical; peristome teeth entire or divided, not twisted; lid conic-rostrate.
1.
Capsules curved Capsules erect
2.
D. campylocarpus
2
1.
2.
Leaves apiculate, usually toothed near apex Leaves not apiculate, entire
Leaf margins erect, basal cells hyaline, delicate Leaf margins recurved, basal cells with firm walls
D.
recurvirostris
3
3.
3.
D.
alticaulis
4.
Leaves lanceolate or Ungulate, rounded-obtuse, costa ending below apex 6. D. tophaceus Leaves ovate-lanceolate, costa percurrent or excurrent 5
Leaf apex blunt, costa percurrent Leaf apex sharp, costa ending in subula or excurrent
5.
5.
4.
D. fusco-viridis D. Godmanianus
FIGURE 52
A-C, Weisiopsis oblonga: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X20; C, part of peristome, X54. D-F, Didymodon fusco-viridis: D, plant, XI; E, leaf, X22; F, apex of leaf, X 120. G-I, Didymodon alticaulis: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X12; I, basal leaf cells, X400.
116
25
1.
DIDYMODON RECURVIROSTRIS (Hedw.)

West. Pa. 97.
1913.
Weissia recurvirostra Hedw., Sp. Muse. 71.
Jennings,
Man. Mosses
1801.
Trichostomum aeneum C. M., Syn. 2: 628. 1851. Trichostomum leucodon C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 192.
1897. tips,
Synoicous; slender, tufted plants, yellowish green at
reddish
Stems to 4-5 cm. high. Leaves crisped when dry, to 3 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an erect, pale, clasping base, apiculate; margins revolute nearly to apex, strongly to obscurely
brown below.
toothed near the point; costa ending near apex; basal cells narrowly Seta rectangular, hyaline, upper cells small, papillose, obscure. 15-18 mm. long, slender, red; capsule suberect, cylindrical, urn to
3
1
mm. mm.
long; peristome teeth linear, reddish, rarely split; lid about

long.
(Fig. 53,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 50268a. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35732, 36092. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81>029a. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67627a, 67665, 67705a, 84274, 84318, 84340, 86004, 86145; Steyermark 34055, 34092, 34093, 34147, 34249, 34598, 34611, 35151. Dept. Sacatepequez
:
Standley 65244, 65246a.
Volcan de Agua, Godman
&
Salvin (as D. aeneum).
Distribution: Greenland to Alaska south to
New
Jersey, Iowa,
Mexico and Arizona, Mexico, wide in Europe, Asia, Africa, Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand. On soil, rocks and trees in limestone regions at medium to high This species may usually be recognized by the rustyaltitudes. red coloring, the sharply apiculate leaves and toothed apical margins. D. aeneus (C. M.) Besch. has been credited to Guatemala but as The far as I can see it is only a robust form of D. recurvirostris. inflorescence of D. aeneus is monoicous but this alone is hardly
a specific character. belong here also.
New New
From
the description T. leucodon seems to
2.
DIDYMODON CAMPYLOCARPUS
I
3
:
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
405.
1902.
Trichostomum campylocarpum C. M., Syn. 2: 628. 1851. ?Barbula Jamesoni Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846: 48. 1846.
?Syrrhopodon Jamesoni Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1847: 331.
Tortula arcuata Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 163.
1869.
1847.
of D. recurvirostris.
Plants similar in appearance and coloring to the smaller forms Stems about 1 cm. high. Leaves strongly contorted when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, broadly linear from a slightly wider
base, acute, apiculate; costa ending
below apex; margins plane above,
117
toothed near apex, recurved on one side below; inner basal cells laxly rectangular, thin walled, hyaline or slightly colored, changing abruptly to the chlorophyllose cells of the basal margins and the small, subquadrate, papillose cells of the blade. Seta slender, red, 12-15 mm. long; capsules short, cylindrical, curved, wide-mouthed, urn 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth red, from a short basal membrane,
irregularly cleft.
(Fig. 53,
:
D-G.)
Dept. Quezaltenango
Standley 67765.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador.
On damp bank
at rather high altitude.
In addition to the
shorter, plainly arcuate capsules this species differs from D. recurvirostris in the relatively broader leaf blade with the margins plane
above the calymperoid base. I have not seen the type of Barbula Jamesoni Tayl. but if this and Syrrhopodon Jamesoni Tayl. prove to be the same as D. campylocarpus, as I suspect, there is no apparent reason why D. Jamesoni (Tayl.) should not be the acceptable name.
3.
DIDYMODON ALTICAULIS
1947.
1.5
Relatively robust, bright green plants in dense tufts. Stems to cm. high. Leaves crowded, strongly contorted with circinate
dry, 3-4 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from a pale, clasping blunt at apex; margins erect, entire; costa percurrent; basal base, cells narrowly rectangular, delicate, hyaline, upper cells very obscure, densely papillose, diameter 10 M, in one layer. Seta slender, flexuous, reddish below, paler above; capsule oblong-cylindrical, urn 2 mm.
tips
when
long; peristome teeth erect, to 0.5

conic-rostrate, 1.5
mm.
long, irregularly cleft; lid
mm.
long.
(Fig. 52, G-I.)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharpe 5286.
Endemic.
Boulder in river bed at moderate altitude. Suggestive of Trichostomopsis diaphanobasis (Card.) Grout in the delicate, hyaline areolation of the leaf base but widely different in the costal structure
with thick stereid bands on both sides of the median guide row and
also in the unistratose lamina cells.
4.
DIDYMODON GODMANIANUS
(C.
M.)
Bartr., Bryol. 49:113.

1897.
1946.
Barbula Godmaniana C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 193.

?Barbula strictidens C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 193.
Tortula campylocarpa Mitt, (nee Tayl.), Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 159.
1897.
1869.
118
25
FIGURE 53
A-C, Didymodon
X120.
recur virostris: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex X14; F, apex X14;

J,
of leaf,
D-G, Didymodon campylocarpus: D, plant, Xl; E, X120; G, capsule, X8. H-K, Didymodon Godmanianus: H, plant, Xl; I, X120; K, capsule, X8.
leaf,
of leaf,
leaf,
leaf,
apex of
Leaves crispate when dry, about 2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from a broader, ovate base, acuminate; margins entire, recurved below; costa ending in
Small, pale, slender plants; stems 5-6
high.
mm.
the fleshy, subulate point or excurrent; cells distinct, rounded, incrassate, papillose, 8-10 /z, more elongate near costa at base. Seta
6-8
0.3
mm.
long, reddish; capsule erect,
urn cylindric, narrowed at
mouth, 1-2
mm.
long; peristome teeth erect, deeply divided, about
mm.
long; lid 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 53,
H-K.)
Volcan de Fuego, Godman
&
Salvin.
.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58531 in
part (as Trichostomopsis diaphanobasis)
Endemic.
On old bricks at moderate altitude. Standley's 58531 differs in no way from the type collection. The peristome teeth are erect and the species should therefore be included in Didymodon, I have not seen the specimens from Ecuador which Mitten cites under T. campylocarpa Tayl. but have examined a part of the Godman & Salvin collection upon which Miiller bases his species. It is possible that B. strictidens belongs here but no material is available
for comparison.

5.
119
DIDYMODON FUSCO-VIRIDIS
1909.
Small, densely tufted, dark olive green plants. Stems 5-8 mm. Leaves erect and slightly contorted when high, densely foliate.
dry, widely spreading when moist, 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, blunt at apex, carinate-concave; margins entire, narrowly recurved
near mid-leaf; costa strong, percurrent; leaf cells chlorophyllose, the upper small, rounded, faintly papillose, basal cells short-rectangular with firm, pale walls. Seta red, 8 mm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric,
dark brown; lid conic-rostrate, 0.6 mm. long; peristome teeth pale brown, erect, 0.3 mm. long. (Fig. 52, D-F.)
Dept. Solola: Svihla 2888.
On
will
hardly
Here
The shorter, bluntish leaf points to separate this species from D. Godmanianus (C. M.). as in the type collection from Mexico spherical, brown, axillary
rock at moderate altitude.
fail
propagula are often abundant.

6.
DIDYMODON TOPHACEUS
(Brid.) Jur.,
Laubm.
100.
1882.
Trichostomum tophaceum Brid., Method. Muse. 84.
1822.
Dioicous; plants in dense, dull, olive green tufts, brown below. Stems to 3 cm. or more long. Leaves incurved when dry, ovatelanceolate or lingulate, apex obtuse or rounded, entire; margins revolute below; costa strong, ending below apex; upper cells distinct,
Seta rounded, incrassate, slightly papillose, rectangular below. 8-12 mm. long, red; capsules cylindric, glossy; peristome teeth irregularly divided, variable; lid conic-rostrate.
:
(Fig. 54,
A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 65640, 81586 (as Gyroweisia obtusifolia), 82407 (as Gyroweisia obtusifolia). Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 8^985 (as Gyroweisia obtusifolia). Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58979 in part (as Gyroweisia
:
obtusifolia).
Distribution: New York to British Columbia south to Tennessee and Arizona, Mexico, Bolivia, Europe, Asia, Africa. On damp banks in limestone regions at moderate altitudes. A variable species but usually easily recognized by the rounded or bluntly pointed leaves with the costa ending below the apex. Dr. Andrews has a significant note on this species in The Bryologist,
44, p. 105.
1941.
20.
BARBULA
1801.
Dioicous; small or medium sized, tufted plants partial to calcareous soil or rocks, yellowish or brownish green. Stems erect.
120
25
Leaves lanceolate, usually contorted when dry; margins entire, mostly revolute; costa strong, percurrent or excurrent with dorsal and ventral stereid bands; upper cells small, usually papillose and obscure, basal cells more elongate and smooth. Seta elongate, erect; capsules cylindric; peristome teeth divided to base into 32 filiform,
reddish forks, spirally twisted;
spores small.
1.
lid
long beaked; calyptra cucullate;
Upper Upper
leaf cells
leaf cells
subquadrate, smooth, pellucid rounded or angular, mostly papillose

13.
2.
Leaves widest near middle, mucronate Leaves widest at base, apex rounded or obtuse
B. agraria
3
3.
Leaves narrowed from a wider base to a slender subulate point

1. B. subulifolia Leaves gradually narrowed from a slightly wider base to a broadly ligulate 2. B. stillicidiorum point
4.
Leaves lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex (except B. brunneola) Leaves oblong or lingulate, apex obtuse, usually mucronate
Costa long excurrent Costa percurrent or nearly so
11
6
5.
7
erect. .3.
4.
6.
Leaves abruptly contracted to the subula, margins Leaves gradually tapering, margins revolute
B. icmadophila B. Bescherellei B. crassicostata

8 9
7.
Leaves 4-6
Leaves 2.5
mm. mm.
long, spirally contorted
when
dry,
cells
smooth
5.
or less long, slightly curved
when
dry, cells papillose
8.
Cells of ventral face of costa linear, distinct from lamina cells Cells of ventral face of costa similar to lamina cells
10
9.
8. B. reflexa Leaves squarrose when moist, acuminate, costa percurrent Leaves erect-spreading when moist, rounded, costa ending below apex 9. B. brunneola
10.
Leaves erect-imbricated when dry, margins slightly recurved below

6.
B. teretiuscula
Leaves curved with spreading points when dry, margins revolute to above middle 7. B. vinealis
11. Perichaetial leaves convolute
12
Perichaetial leaves not convolute

12.
13
10. 11. 12.
Stems Stems
1-3 cm. high, perichaetial leaves acute under 1 cm. high, perichaetial leaves blunt
B. Pringlei
B. hypselostegia B. linguaefolia 14
13.
Leaves rounded, costa ending below apex Leaves mucronate, costa percurrent or excurrent
14.
14. B. Cruegeri Leaf margin plane in upper half, recurved below 15 Leaf margin strongly recurved from base nearly or quite to apex
15. B. spiralis Leaf margins spirally revolute to apex, basal cells smooth Leaf margins recurved to just below apex, cells papillose nearly to insertion 16. B. orizabensis
15.

1.
121
BARBULA SUBULIFOLIA
Sull.,
Proc.
Am. Acad.
1861: 277.
1861.
Stems
Plants densely tufted, pale or olive green above, brown below. Leaves contorted when dry, red, to 2 cm. long, slender.
1.5-2 mm. long, subulate-lanceolate from a broader base, bluntly pointed; margins recurved below, denticulate at extreme apex; costa ending in or just below apex; upper cells irregularly quadrate, 6-10 M,
smooth, basal cells rectangular. Seta red, 12-18 mm. long; capsule cylindric; peristome teeth red, spirally twisted in several turns, about as long as urn; lid long beaked, about as long as urn.
pellucid,
(Fig. 54,
E-H.)
Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 50791.
808W, 80842.
West
Indies, Ecuador.
rocks at moderately high altitudes. A variable species with respect to the shape of the leaves and the form of the apex but readily distinguished by the smooth, quadrate, dis-
On wet banks and damp
tinct
2.
upper
leaf cells
and the
long, tightly twisted peristome.
BARBULA STILLICIDIORUM
1910.
Plants similar to B. subulifolia in habit, coloring and structural details. Leaves broadly ligulate from a scarcely wider base, obtusely rounded and crenulate at apex. (Fig. 54, I-K.)
FIGURE 54
A-D, Didymodon
leaf,
tophaceus: A, plant,
Xl; B and C,
leaves,
X14; D, apex
of
X120.
E-H, Barbula subulifolia: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; H, capsule, X8. I-K, Barbula stillicidiorum: I and J, leaves, X14; K, apex of leaf, X120.
122
25
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38628, 398^9. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark ^6317; Standley 92003. Dept. Retalhuleu: Steyermark 34569. Dept. Solola: Standley 62769. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 64483, 64494, 80844, 8087It, 80943. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30661. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32235,
:
32276, 32915, 32917, 32920; Standley 76945.
Distribution: Mexico, Porto Rico.
On wet banks and damp

folia
though and
distinct in the
may
rocks at low to medium altitudes. Alextreme this species is closely allied to B. subulieventually have to be reduced to synonymy.
3.
BARBULA ICMADOPHILA Schimp., Bry. Eur.

1850.
fasc. 43.
Suppl.
II.
Slender, brownish plants in lax tufts; stems 1-1.5 cm. long.
Leaves appressed with spreading points when dry, not contorted, 1-1.5 mm. long, abruptly linear-subulate from an ovate base; margins erect, entire; costa long excurrent; cells rounded, incrassate, nearly smooth, slightly elongate near costa at base. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 55, E-G.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35816.
Distribution: Canada,
Montana, Europe, Asia.
tree trunks at high altitude. The habitat is a peculiar one for this species and it is far out of its known range, but a careful
On
comparison. with authentic material leaves

here.
little
doubt that
it
belongs
4.
BARBULA BESCHERELLEI
Sauerb. in Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 673.
1878.
Plants green or often tinged with brown, laxly tufted. Stems Leaves slightly contorted when dry, appressed or flexuous-spreading, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
slender, 1-4 cm. long.
subulate-acuminate; margins revolute; costa long excurrent; cells rounded, incrassate, lightly papillose, 7-9 n, slightly larger and oblong near costa at base. Seta red, 1-2 cm. long; capsule cylindric; peristome teeth spirally twisted; lid long beaked. (Fig. 55, A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50152a, 50456 (as B. vinealis), 82106. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83127 (as B. teretiuscula). Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67599, 83378, 83399, 85802, 85975. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 59017, 65211. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69735. Volcan de Fuego, Godman & Salvin. Dept. Santa Rosa: Bernoulli 657.
.
: :
New Mexico, Mexico, Costa Rica. shaded banks and bases of trees mostly at high altitudes. Mitten's description of Barbula rectifolia Tayl. does not apply to
Distribution: Arizona,
On

the collections of
123
Godman &
Salvin cited under this heading which

different
show the leaves with a long, excurrent costa and structurally in no important details that I can see from B. Bescherellei.
5.
BARBULA CRASSICOSTATA
1946.
below.
Robust plants in deep tufts, dull yellowish green above, brown Stems 3-4 cm. high, sparingly radiculose below. Leaves
spreading, strongly contorted with circinate points when dry, widely spreading when moist and somewhat falcate-secund at the tips, 5-6
mm.
from a short, triangular-ovate base; margins entire, recurved below, erect above; costa stout, brown, 150 n wide below, percurrent or excurrent in a short, fleshy point; leaf cells smooth and incrassate, short and subquadrate below, irregularly rounded above, diameter about 10 MFruit unknown. (Fig. 55, H-K.)
long, lamina fragile, gradually linear-lanceolate
Dept. San Marcos: Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 m., Steyermark 35695 TYPE,
S5715.
Endemic.
Suggestive of Pseudosymblepharis circinata in general appearance but widely different in the shape and structure of the leaves. The
FIGURE 55
A-D, Barbula
Bescherellei: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
X120;
D, capsule, X8. E-G, Barbula icmadophila: E, plant, Xl; F, H-K, Barbula crassicostata: H, plant, Xl; I, margin, X270; K, basal leaf cells, X270.
leaf,
leaf,
X14; G, apex of leaf, X120. X12; J, upper leaf cells and
124
25
but without
6.
short basal areolation and recurved margins ^re indicative of Barbula fruit one can only guessât its generic position.
BARBULA TERETIUSCULA Schimp.,
in C.
M., Syn.
1: 614.
1849.
Plants slender, laxly tufted, brownish; stems branched, sub terete. Leaves rigidly erect, appressed, not contorted, 1-1.5 mm. long, ovatelanceolate, acuminate; margins slightly recurved below; costa percurrent; upper cells rounded, 8-10 n, papillose, oblong and pellucid near costa at base. Seta red, 6-8 mm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, urn 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth reddish, twisted; lid conic-rostrate,
0.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 57,
A-D.)
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65262a.
altitude. The erect, closely imbricated leaves give the stems a characteristic look as compared with the other local species but apart from this the species has no particularly distinctive
At high
features.
7.
BARBULA VINEALIS
830.
1826.
Plants tinged with reddish brown, tufted; stems 1-3 cm. long. Leaves appressed and lightly twisted with spreading points when dry, about 2 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate from an ovate base, acuminate; costa stout, percurrent; margins recurved to above middle; upper cells small, dense and incrassate, larger and short rectangular below. Seta red, 10-12 mm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 2 mm. long; peristome teeth laxly twisted; lid conic-rostrate,
to 0.7
85251.
mm.
long.
(Fig. 57,
:
E-H.)
(c. fr.).
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81892 Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32815?

:
Distribution: Alaska to Mexico, east to Idaho Europe, Asia, Africa.
and Montana,
records of B.
On
rocks at high altitudes.
These are the
first
vinealis in Central
the Guatemalan
concept.
8.
species is notoriously variable but plants deviate in no essential way from the specific
America.
The
BARBULA REFLEXA
(Brid.) Brid.,
Method. Muse.
1
:
93.
1822.
Tortula reflexa Brid., Muse. Recent Suppl.
255.
1806.
Slender, reddish-brown plants in dense, depressed tufts. Stems 2.5-3 cm. long, branched, decumbent, julaceous when dry. Leaves
125
crowded, imbricated when dry, squarrose-spreading when moist, 1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, short acuminate, strongly keeled, slightly decurrent; margins recurved to above mid-leaf; costa percurrent, showing linear cells
on the ventral face
in contrast to the
small, papillose lamina cells, basal cells short, oval, incrassate, with Sporophyte rare, as pellucid walls, elongate only near insertion.
in B. fallax
Hedw.
(Fig. 56,
A-B.)
9%0, 5020.
Distribution:
Virginia,
New
Northern United States and Canada south to Mexico and Colorado.
On
in
collections
calcareous bluffs and outcrops at high altitudes. These seem to be thoroughly typical of the species as it occurs
temperate regions and extend the southward.
known range appreciably
to the
9.
BARBULA BRUNNEOLA
1897.
Very dark, rich brown plants, densely tufted but easily separated. Stems erect, to 1.5 cm. high, brittle, usually branched. Leaves appressed and imbricated when dry, spreading when moist, 1.5-2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, bluntly rounded at the apex; margins recurved to above mid-leaf; costa strong, darkbrown, ending below apex; basal cells short rectangular with incras-
FIGURE 56
A-B, Barbula reflexa: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X32. C-G, Barbula brunneola: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X28; E, apex of F, basal leaf cells, X400; G, capsule, X12.
leaf,
X68;
126
25
D
FIGURE 57
A-D, Barbula
D, capsule, X8.
teretiuscula:
A, plant, Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf, of leaf,
X120; X120;
E-H, Barbula
H, capsule, X8.
X8.
vinealis: E, plant,
Xl; F,
leaf,
X14; G, apex
I-L, Barbula agraria:

capsule,
I,
plant,
Xl;
J, leaf,
X14; K, apex
of leaf,
X120; L,
sate,
brownish walls, smooth, upper cells small, rounded, papillose. Perichaetial leaves erect, acuminate; seta dark brown, 6-7 mm.
long; capsule cylindrical, urn 2 mm. long, dark brown; peristome 0.45 mm. high, teeth pale brown, twisted in about one turn; lid
conic-rostrate, 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 56,
4.966.
C-G.)
Endemic.
On
limestone boulders at high altitudes.

is
No
authentic material
available for comparison, but as the above collection agrees perfectly with the original description and is likewise sharply distinct from any of the other local species, I feel reasonably confident
of this species
in referring it here. The costa shows linear cells on the ventral face as in B. reflexa and 5. fallax so the species is evidently closely allied
to this group.
10.
BARBULA PRINGLEI
1909.
Plants to 3 cm. high, in dense tufts, yellowish green above, Stems branched, the sterile shoots often with axillary bulbils. Leaves contorted with incurved points when dry, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, lingulate from an ovate base, obtuse, apiculate;
brown below.
127
margins plane; costa very stout, brownish, excurrent in a minute apiculus; basal cells short, subquadrate, with pellucid, incrassate walls, slightly elongate near costa at extreme base, upper cells minute,
Perichaetial leaves erect, convolute, opaque, obscure, papillose. acute; seta slender, 15 mm. long, reddish; peristome teeth 1 mm. long, twisted in several turns. (Fig. 58, A-D.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Sharp 4814, 4915.
On
11.
limestone bluff and outcrops at moderately high altitudes.
BARBULA HYPSELOSTEGIA
1909.
Small, densely tufted plants similar to B. Pringlei but with shorter stems, rarely over 5-6 mm. high. Perichaetial leaves bluntly pointed.
On
The
calcareous
soil
at moderately high altitude.
In structural
details these plants resemble B. Pringlei too closely for comfort.

sterile stems show the same ovoid, axillary bulbils, the leaves are relatively shorter and more broadly pointed, but the distinctions are far from sharp and the degree to which the perichaetial leaves
are pointed varies considerably. On the whole be maintained as separate species.
doubt
if
they can
12.
BARBULA LINGUAEFOLIA
1947.
Laxly tufted, reddish brown plants. Stems erect, to 1 cm. high, laxly foliate. Leaves spreading, not contorted when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, lingulate, rounded-obtuse; margins recurved to
above mid-leaf, plane and papillose-crenulate above; costa ending below apex; basal cells rectangular, thin- walled, smooth, upper cells rounded-quadrate, not incrassate, papillose. Seta slender, reddish, 10-12 mm. high; capsules curved when dry, erect when moist, narrowly cylindrical, urn 2 mm. long; lid 1 mm. long, subulaterostrate; peristome teeth reddish, twisted in several turns.
(Fig. 58,
E-I.)
Dept. Suchiate:
Strihla
2879a.
Endemic.
unique and distinctive species comparable to no other North American Barbula that I am familiar with. The perfectly lingulate leaves with the costa ending below the broadly rounded apex are
128
25
FIGURE 58
A-D, Barbula
D, perichaetial
Pringlei: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
X68;
and
leaf,
X14.
cells
E-I, Barbula linguaefolia: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, upper leaf margin, X400; H, basal leaf cells, X270; I, capsule, X14.
suggestive of Tortula but the costa in cross section shows both dorsal and ventral stereid bands.
13.
BARBULA AGRARIA Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 116.
1801.
1897.
?Barbula subagraria C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 195.
Small, gregarious, almost stemless plants. Leaves crowded in a terminal rosette, slightly contorted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, widest near middle, acute, concave, about 2 mm. long; margins
ending in the mucronate point; upper cells subquadrate, mammillose on ventral face, basal cells oblong, pellucid. Seta reddish, about 1 cm. long; capsule cylindric; peristome teeth long, twisted;
erect; costa
lid
long rostrate.
(Fig. 57, I-L.)
Mazatenango: Bernoulli 127 in part (as B. subagraria C. M.).
Distribution: Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Mexico, West Indies. On calcareous soil and rocks. I have seen no material of this well-
known
species from Guatemala but Muller's description of B. subagraria leaves little doubt that it belongs here.
14.
BARBULA CRUEGERI Sond.
in C.
M., Syn.
618.
1849.
Plants small, yellowish; stems red, less than 1 cm. long, rarely longer, usually with obovate, stalked propagula in the leaf axils.
129
Leaves contorted when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate; costa percurrent; margins narrowly recurved below, plane above; upper cells small, opaque, densely papillose, Seta red; capsule basal cells rectangular, incrassate, pellucid.
oblong-cylindric; lid long twisted. (Fig. 59, A-D.)
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 125^8.
beaked;
peristome
teeth
red,
closely
Distribution:
Indies, northern
New
Jersey to Texas, Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
South America.
On damp banks at moderate altitudes. This species is apparently less common through Mexico and Central America than in the West
Indies where
it is
widely distributed.
15.
BARBULA
SPIRALIS Schimp. in C. M., Syn.
622.
1849.
Barbula perlinealis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 195.
1897.
Medium sized plants, laxly tufted, dull yellowish green; stems to 2 or 3 cm. long, branched. Leaves spirally contorted when dry, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate from a broader, pale base, obtuse,
mucronate; margins strongly recoiled from near base to apex; costa very strong, broader above, excurrent in a short, pale mucro,
FIGURE 59
Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, X120; D, propagula, X120. E-G, Barbula spiralis: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, apex of leaf, X120. H-K, Barbula orizabensis: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, apex of leaf, X120; K, basal leaf cells, X270.
Crugeri: A, plant,
A-D, Barbula
130
25
papillose on back; upper cells small, densely papillose, very obscure, basal cells linear, smooth, pellucid toward costa, shorter and chloro-
phyllose toward margins.
Seta reddish, 12-15
narrowly ovoid-cylindric, urn about 3

tightly twisted; lid conic-rostrate,
mm. 1-1.5 mm.
long; capsule long; peristome teeth

(Fig. 59,
:
mm.
long.
E-G.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Standky 83157. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 664.17, 66490, 66494, 66497a, 83888. Dept. Zacapa: Standley 74401. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30662. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32816a; Standley 76707, 76777.
New
Mexico, west Texas, Mexico.
Dry, shaded banks and rocks at medium to high altitudes. The broadly revolute leaf margins extending from the apex nearly to the base and the large area of elongated, pellucid basal cells make this
species easy of recognition.
16.
BARBULA ORIZABENSIS
C. M., Linnaea 40: 638.
1876.
Plants similar in size and appearance to B. spiralis.
Leaves
lanceolate from an ovate base, obtuse, mucronate; margins recurved from just above base nearly to apex, plane for a short distance
below point; cbsta strong but not broader above, short excurrent; upper cells dense and opaque, basal cells rectangular, papillose almost to insertion. Small, globose, multicellular propagula are frequent if not constant in the upper leaf axils. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig.
59,
H-K.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81224, 82428a, 82591, 82780, 82904, 83029a. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 62865.
On damp, shaded banks

distinctions
decisive.
between
this species
The at moderately high altitudes. and B. spiralis are narrow but
The
papillose basal leaf cells

flat just
margins becoming
and recurved but not revolute below the apex are constant characters.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
The following species are not available for comparison and cannot be accurately placed from the descriptions.
Barbula pellata Schimp., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 192. Barbula lagunicola C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 194.
1897. 1897.
Barbula suberythropoda C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 194. 1897. Barbula lonchostega C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 195. 1897.

21.
131
MORINIA
1910.
Rather robust, tufted plants, resembling Tortula. Leaves erect and slightly contorted when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, lanceolate, acute, carinate; margins revolute, thickened above, denticulate toward apex; costa strong, with stereid bands on both sides of the median guide row; upper cells small, densely papillose,
basal cells rectangular, hyaline. Seta elongate; capsules cylindric; peristome teeth from a low basal membrane, divided to base, forks
spirally twisted.
1.
MORINIA EHRENBERGIANA
85 4 :22.
1931.
(C.
M.)
:
The'r.,
Smiths. Misc. Coll.
Barbula Ehrenbergiana C. M., Syn.
636.
1849.
1871.
1910.
Barbula trichostomoides Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 38.
Morinia trichostomoides (Besch.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 124.
Leaves Dioicous; plants brown; stems to 3 or 4 cm. high. about 3 mm. long, strongly keeled, with a thickened crowded,
border; margins revolute more than up, irregularly denticulate for some distance below apex; costa brown, percurrent or short excurrent, smooth on back; upper cells rounded, about 8 n, very
obscure, 2-3 stratose in several rows at margins forming a distinct, thickened border, basal cells narrowly rectangular, thin walled,
hyaline.
Seta 8-10
mm.
curved, urn 4
mm.
long, thick, reddish capsules erect or slightly long; lid conic-rostrate, 1.5 mm. long; peristome
;
teeth reddish, tightly spiraled.

6 7601 a.
(Fig. 60,
A-D.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 3556 J^b, 85900.
On trees at high altitudes. The costal structure and the leaves with a thickened border, toothed toward apex, are distinctive characters in comparison with Tortula. Previously known only from Mexico.
22.
STREPTOPOGON
Lond. Journ. Bot.
Wils. mss.; Mitt, in 51. 1869.
Medium sized, corticolous plants tinged with brown, in lax tufts; stems branched, laxly foliate. Leaves contorted when dry, often bordered; margins recurved below, entire or toothed; costa with a dorsal stereid band only, ending near apex or long excurrent; cells
132
25
smooth and rectangular below, oval-hexagonal above. Seta short; capsules oblong-cylindric, exserted; peristome teeth from a low basal membrane, divided to base into 32 spirally twisted forks;
lax,
lid
long conic; calyptra conical, barely covering
lid,
scabrous with
short, bristly hairs.

1.
Leaves obtusely rounded, cucullate Leaves acuminate
3. S. cavifolius
2
1.
2.
Leaves lanceolate, bordered Leaves oblong, unbordered
S. erythrodontus 2. S. rigidus
1.
STREPTOPOGON ERYTHRODONTUS
Bot. 51.
1851.
(Tayl.) Wils., in Lond. Journ.
Barbula erythrodonta Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 50.
1846.
Autoicous; stems to 3 cm. long. Leaves flexuous-spreading and spirally contorted when dry, 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate from an oblong, clasping base; margins recurved below, denticulate toward apex; costa excurrent in a denticulate arista; upper cells oval-hexagonal,
to 50 M long,
bordered
more elongate below, basal cells narrowly rectangular; around with a narrow yellowish band of elongated cells Seta 2-3 mm. long; clearly differentiated from the cells within. urn 2-2.5 mm. long; lid rostrate, 1.5 mm. long; capsule pale brown,
all
calyptra mitriform, hispid; peristome teeth red, twisted in several

turns.
(Fig. 60,
E-G.)
:
Dept. Quezaltenango
Standley 66350a.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Hawaii,

gascar, Africa.
Mada-
On tree at high altitude. This is the first North American record for this interesting and attractive species.
2.
STREPTOPOGON RIGIDUS
Mitt., Bryol. 50: 205.
1947.
Dioicous; plants brownish green.
high, densely foliate, slightly radiculose.
Stems simple, about 15 mm. Leaves slightly contorted

moist, 3
when
dry, rigidly erect-spreading
when
mm.
;
long, 0.8
mm.
wide, ovate-oblong, acuminate, concave, unbordered margins entire, narrowly recurved almost to apex; costa stout, excurrent in a short, clavate point, crowned with dense, sphaerical clusters of elliptical,
articulated propagula; upper cells hexagonal, smooth, thin- walled, to 16 n wide, 32 // long, smaller at margins, interior basal cells laxly
rectangular, to 110
(Fig. 61,
p.
long, shorter
toward margins.
Fruit unknown.
A-B.)

133
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2792, 2894, 2902.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.
On bark of trees at moderate altitudes. The name is apparently unpublished as no trace of it can be found in either Mitten's Musci Austro-Americani or in the Paris Index. It has become familiar through usage so it has seemed advisable to validate the combination. S. peruvianus Broth, may be the same thing but no authentic
material
is
available for comparison.
In habit and coloring the plants are suggestive of Tortula but the sphaerical clusters of propagula at the tips of the proboscoid
leaf apices
are
unique.
Sharp's collections are uniformly
They will be a welcome addition to American herbaria as the species is known in North America only from a few meager collections from Costa Rica.
sterile
3.
but abundant and in splendid condition.
STREPTOPOGON CAVIFOLIUS
1869.
Mitt., Journ.
Linn. Soc.
12:
180.
Stems 1 cm. or more long. Leaves erect and slightly contorted with incurved tips when dry, 2.5-3 mm. long, oblong, concave, unbordered, obtuse and cucullate at apex, often bearing numerous
w
FIGURE 60 A-D, Morinia Ehrenbergiana: A, plant, Xl; B,
X120; D, upper
cells leaf,
X14; C, apex
of leaf,
leaf
leaf cells
and margin, X270.
E-G, Streptopogon
erythrodontus: E, plant,
plant,
Xl; F,
leaf,
X8; G, upper
upper
leaf cells
and margin, X120. H-J, Streptopogon cavifolius: H, margin, X120.
Xl;
I, leaf,
XlO;
J,
and
134
25
clavate or cylindrical, septate propagula on both faces near apex; upper cells oblong-hexagonal, thin walled, to 50 n long and 20 /z wide, smaller toward margins, basal cells more elongate, rectangular,
all
with a persistent primordial (Fig. 60, H-J.)

Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley
utricle.
Sporophyte unknown.
69Wa,
69566c.
Distribution: Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador.
On
rare.
trees in small tufts
altitude.
mixed with other mosses, at moderate This curious and very individual species is evidently quite
which
it differs
Mitten rather inaptly compares it to S. erythrodontus from widely in appearance and detail.
23.
DESMATODON
Brid.,
Muse. Rec. Suppl. 4:86.
1819.
Plants small or medium sized, usually tufted, terrestrial. Leaves incurved or slightly contorted when dry, oblong-lanceolate, broadly pointed, subentire; costa strong, ending in or near apex, with a
stereid
band on dorsal
smooth.
side only;
upper
cells small, papillose, basal
Seta elongate; capsules usually erect; lid beaked; peristome teeth erect, divided nearly to base; calyptra
cells elongate,
cucullate.
Small plants, stems under 5
mm.
high, leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1.5

1.
mm.
long
long
D. Sprengelii
Robust plants, stems 2 cm. high, leaves Ungulate or spathulate, 2

2.
mm.
D. spathulifolius
1.
DESMATODON SPRENGELII
Bot. Club 46: 217.
(Schwaegr.)
Williams,
Bull.
Torr.
1919.
:
Barbula Sprengelii Schwaegr., Suppl. 2 1 64. 1824. Desmatodon Garberi Lesq. & James, Man. 112. 1884.
Hyophila
fragilis Card.,
Rev. Bryol. 36: 75.
1909.
Dioicous; small, densely tufted, green plants; stems 3-5 mm. high, radiculose below. Upper leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, crowded, incurved when dry, broadly Ungulate, obtuse, often apiculate, entire
toothed near apex; margins strongly inflexed; costa strong, percurrent; upper cells small, dense, obscure, 5-8 n, mammillose on upper face, basal cells oblong, smooth. Seta pale, to 5 mm. long;
or
capsules erect, ovoid-cylindric, urn 1.5 mm. long; lid conic-rostrate; peristome teeth divided nearly to base, the forks strongly articulated,
erect.
(Fig. 62,
A-D.)
Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark
3171>3.
Dept. Peten:
Bartlett 12541.

Distribution: Florida, Mexico, British Honduras,
135
West
Indies.
Moist cliff at moderate altitude. These collections represent the wider leaved plants with entire apical margins previously referred I have followed Grout in reducing this form to to D. Garberi. D. Sprengelii but am not sure that they are conspecific.
2.
DESMATODON
(?)
SPATHULIFOLIUS Bartr., Bryol. 50: 205.
1947.
Rather robust, densely tufted plants, green above, pale brown Stems 2 cm. high, freely branched above from a stipe-like base. Leaves crowded, strongly contorted when dry, widely spreading when moist, to 2 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, lingulate from a narrowed base, widest about middle, carinate-concave, broadly rounded, mucronulate; margins entire or with a few blunt teeth near apex,
below.
narrowly involute in upper

stereids lacking
half; costa strong, brownish, percurrent,
face; upper cells rounded, moderately incrassate, papillose, interior basal cells short rectangular, becoming
on ventral
quadrate toward margins.

Dept. Huehuetenango
:
(Fig. 61,
C-E.)
Sharp 52^5, 5247.
Endemic.
On
Hyophila
moist calcareous rocks at moderate altitudes. Suggestive of in everything but the costal structure which shows a
A-B, Streptopogon rigidus: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14. C-E, Desmatodon spathulifolius: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X14; E, apex
X54.
of leaf,
F-H, Tortula
margin, XllO.
mniifolia: F, plant,
Xl; G,
leaf,
X12; H, upper
leaf cells
and
136

band on the dorsal
side only.
its
I
25
stereid
have tentatively referred
the species to Desmatodon but
true affinity
must wait upon the
discovery of fruit.
less
Hyophila (?) lingulata Card, has narrower leaves broadly rounded at the apex and not mucronate.
24.
ALOINELLA
1909.
Leaves
Small, brownish, gregarious, gemmiform plants; stems very short. fleshy, rigid, incurved when dry; margins broadly inflexed;
densely clothed on the ventral face with septate, chlorophyllose filaments; upper lamina cells incrassate, often broader
costa broad,
thin walled, hyaline. Seta erect, elongate; capsules subcylindrical, peristome teeth divided to base into 32 papillose, erect forks; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate.
cells rectangular,
than long, basal
1.
ALOINELLA HAMULUS
(C.
M.)

1897.
1946.
Barbula hamulus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 192.
Upper leaves crowded, brown, from a pale, laxly areolate base, long, oblong-lingulate concave, strongly cucullate at apex; upper margins erose-denticulate, broadly inflexed with the edges often overlapping; costa clothed on
high.
1.5
Dioicous; stems 1-2
mm.
mm.
the ventral face with filaments 2-3 cells high, excurrent in a short, blunt mucro; upper lamina cells mostly transversely elongate, to
20 M long, 5-10 M wide, incrassate, basal cells rectangular, thin Seta erect, reddish, 11 mm. long; capsule erect, walled, hyaline. urn brown, 2 mm. long; peristome teeth rather short, ovoid-cylindric, pale, from a low basal membrane, irregularly divided nearly to base, the forks papillose, erect, about 0.25 mm. long. (Fig. 62, E-H.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Bernoulli
&
Carlo 118.
Distribution: Mexico?
reasonably sure that further collections from Guatemala prove that this species and A. catenula Card, of Mexico are One fruiting plant and some fragments of Barbula conspecific. hamulus have been seen through the courtesy of the New York Botanical Garden. The seta is longer than mentioned by Cardot in his description of A. catenula but numerous subsequent collections of this species from Mexico show the setae varying from 6 to 14 mm. long so this character evidently has little diagnostic value.
I feel
will

25.
[
137
TORTULA
1801. (in part).
Mostly medium sized to robust plants, often tinged with reddish brown; stems, simple or branched. Leaves broad, ovate-lanceolate or spatulate, erect and twisted when dry; margins entire, usually revolute; costa strong, percurrent to long excurrent, with a thick dorsal stereid band and a ventral layer of large cells; upper leaf
cells
small, usually coarsely papillose, basal cells hyaline or colored, usually sharply differentiated.
1.
much
3.
larger,
Leaves with a narrow, thickened border of elongated Leaves unbordered

Costa long excurrent Costa percurrent or short excurrent
cells
T. mniifolia 2
2.
4.
T. guatemalensis 3
2.
1.
3.
Leaves fragile, abruptly mucronate, without propagula Leaves not fragile, costa percurrent, with propagula
T. fragilis
T. caroliniana
1.
TORTULA CAROLINIANA Andrews,
Bryol. 23: 72.
1920.
Plants green or reddish brown, in small tufts, often associated with other mosses; stems to 1.5 cm. long. Leaves incurved when dry, to 4 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, carinate, short apiculate,
usually bearing numerous cylindrical, brownish septate propagula on the ventral face of the upper lamina; margins recurved more than half way up; costa brown, percurrent; upper cells rounded, 12-15 /x, papillose, often smaller and more incrassate in several rows toward
margins, basal
cells
rectangular, smooth, thin walled.
Seta 7-8 mm. long, red; capsule cylindrical, to 3.5 mm. long, exothecial cells short rectangular with thickened, brownish walls,
becoming smaller and rounded-hexagonal toward rim; annulus persistent, 50 n wide, mostly of a single row of cells; peristome pale red, 0.6-0.7 mm. high, teeth slightly twisted, from a pale basal membrane projecting about 75 ^ above rim of capsule and slightly
higher than the annulus; lid conic-rostrate, 1 brown, minutely papillose, diameter 12-15 M-
mm.
long; spores pale
(Fig. 62, I-K.)

:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69556b. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50599b; Sharp 4809 in fruit. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84441a. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 886440, 841 93 in part. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58825a, 63 71 Id.
Distribution: North Carolina, Tennessee, Mexico, Costa Rica.
On trees and banks at medium to high altitudes. The Guatemalan plants are often more robust than those from the southern Appalachians but otherwise are typical. The percurrent costa and
138
25
FIGURE 62
A-D, Desmatodon Sprengelii: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, X120; D, capsule, X8. E-H, Aloinella hamulus: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X22; G, apex of leaf in profile, X80; H, lamina cells, X270. I-K, Tortula caroliniana: I, plant, Xl; J, leaf, X8; K, apex of leaf, X54.
the characteristic propagula on the upper leaf face are distinctive

features.
2.
TORTULA FRAGILIS
Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 333.

1909.
1847.
Tortula confusa Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 87. Tortula Pringlei Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 87.
1909.
3-4
Moderately robust plants, usually reddish brown; stems from mm. to 3-4 cm. high, matted with radicles below. Leaves conduplicate and incurved when dry, very brittle, to 3 mm. long,
oblong-ovate, obtuse, mucronate; margins narrowly recurved below, often lobed in the smaller, rounded, comal leaves; costa short
excurrent, brown; upper cells 10-15 n, densely papillose, inner basal cells rectangular, thin walled, hyaline or colored, smaller and shorter
toward margins. Seta 8-14 mm. long, red; capsule cylindric; peristome teeth from a distinct basal tube, spirally twisted. (Fig.
63,
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66^9â, 67682. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58825 (as T, parva), 588S2a (as T. parva). Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75262.
Distribution: Virginia,
West Virginia, southwestern United
States,
Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.
139
On
brittle
trees
and rocks at medium to high
altitudes.
The exceedingly
lamina and the abruptly short mucronate apex distinguish this species with little trouble. Some of the corticolous forms are very reduced in stature.
3.
TORTULA MNIIFOLIA
1869.
Barbula mniifolia
Sull.,
(Sull.)
12: 167.
Proc.
Am. Acad.
277. 1861.
Rather robust, brownish green, terrestrial plants in low, dense Stems 6-7 mm. high, densely foliate, sparsely radiculose. Leaves strongly curled and twisted when dry, spreading when moist, to 5 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide, oblong-lingulate from a narrowed base, entire, obtuse, strongly bordered all around with a narrow, thickened band of brownish, elongate cells; costa rather
tufts.
merging with the border in the short, blunt point; thin-walled, smooth, diameter 25-28 M, Seta red, gradually becoming more lax and rectangular below. 10-12 mm. long; capsule oblong-cylindric, urn 2.25 mm. long; peristome teeth from a short basal membrane. (Fig. 61, F-H.)
slender, brown,
upper
cells
hexagonal,
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, America to Bolivia.
West
Indies, western
South
On moist bank at moderate altitude. The plants are suggestive Atrichum in a superficial way when dry and the brown bordered leaves bear some resemblance to those of Mnium punctatum. It is apparently uncommon and local in Central America.
of
4.
TORTULA GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
T.
Robust reddish brown plants with the habit and appearance of Stems to 5 cm. long, dichotomously norvegica (W. & M.).
Leaves squarrose-recurved when moist, ovate-lanceolate, acute; margins plane throughout, often toothed at extreme apex; costa long excurrent in a reddish, sparingly spinose awn; upper leaf cells very opaque, densely papillose, 12 14 M, basal cells rectangular, hyaline, shorter and narrower toward margins. Seta 8-10 mm. long; capsule narrowly cylindrical, urn 4 mm. long; peristome 1 mm. long, teeth slightly twisted from a short basal tube extending about 75 n above the rim. (Fig. 63, D-G.)
branched.
alt.
Dept. San Marcos: Between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan Tajumulco, 3,800-4,600 m., Steyermark SS56Sa, S556b TYPE. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley
140
25
\S ~~^J
FIGURE 63
leaf, XlO; C, apex of leaf, X26. Tortula guatemalensis: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, apex of leaf, X54; G, capsule, X6.
A-C, Tortula
fragilis:
A, plant, Xl; B,
D-G,
Endemic.
Very
reddish
awn but
similar to T. norvegica in the acutely pointed leaves and the the plane margined leaves and short basal tube of
it is
the peristome leave no doubt that
a distinct species.
11.
GRIMMIACEAE
Small to medium sized plants, mostly rupestrine, growing in dense tufts or cushions. Leaves hygroscopic, often hyaline tipped; upper cells small, usually opaque, often in 2 or 3 layers, basal cells elongate, with straight or sinuous lateral walls; costa single, strong. Seta terminal, usually elongate; capsules ovoid or cylindrical; peristome single, teeth 16, entire or cleft above; calyptra mitriform
or cucullate.
1.
Calyptra plicate, leaves muticous Calyptra not plicate, leaves hyaline tipped
Leaf Leaf
cells sinuose, cells
3.
Ptychomitrium
2
1.
2.
short above
2.
Grimmia
nodulose, narrowly linear
Rhacomitrium
1.
GRIMMIA
Hedw., Sp. Muse.
73.
1801.
Densely tufted green plants; stems branched, radiculose below. Leaves crowded, usually hyaline pointed; upper cells small, in several layers especially toward margins, elongate and sinuose below. Seta
141
straight or curved; capsules ovoid, smooth or ribbed when dry; peristome teeth 2-3 cleft above; lid short, conical; calyptra mitriform.
1.
Capsules immersed Capsules exserted

Seta erect, straight Seta arcuate or flexuous
1.
G. apocarpa 2
2. G. ovalis
2.
3.
G. trichophylla
1.
GRIMMIA APOCARPA Hedw.

Mohr., Bot. Taschb. 131.
Grimmia
gracilis Schleich., Catal.
var.
GRACILIS (Schleich.) Web.

1807.
&
1807.
Helv. (Ed. 2) 29.
mats.
erect,
Plants very dark brown or blackish, glossy, forming low, dense Stems to 2.5-3 cm. long, decumbent, densely foliate. Leaves
curved or slightly secund when dry, 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate, tipped with short, hyaline, denticulate hair-points; margins recurved, often sinuate-dentate toward apex; costa percurrent, slightly toothed on back near apex; basal cells short rectangular with firm, pale, sinuous lateral walls, becoming shorter and rounded above. Perichaetial leaves conspicuously larger, to 3 mm. long; capsule small, oblong, immersed; lid rostrate from a conical base; peristome teeth
0.5
mm.
long,
entire,
red,
lanceolate,
filiform
pointed,
nodulose
toward
tips.
(Fig. 64,
A-C.)
FIGURE 64
A-C, Grimmia apofarpa
sporophyte, X14.
var. gracilis: A, plant,
XI; B, stem
leaf,
X14; C, and
D-G, Funaria
obtusala:
D, plant, Xl; E,
leaf,
X14; F, upper
leaf cells
margin, XllO; G, capsule, XlO.
142

Distribution:
25
Northern United States and Canada south to

This is an unusual record, North America. The plants
West
Virginia, Tennessee, Arizona.
On
limestone boulder at high altitude.
far to the south of the
known range
in
are in perfect fruit and are typical in all respects excepting the peristome teeth which here instead of being cuneiform are narrowly
lanceolate with long, filiform, nodulose tips. Although this anomalous feature I doubt if it has any real taxonomic value.
is
an
2.
GRIMMIA OVALIS (Hedw.)

1871.
Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10: 75.
Dicranum
?Grimmia
ovale
breri-exserta C.
Hedw., Sp. Muse. 140. 1801. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss.
5: 200.
1897.
?Grimmia Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 200. 1897. Grimmia praetermissa Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 105. 1909.
Plants densely tufted, green or yellowish at tips, brown below; stems branched, to 3 cm. high. Leaves 2.5-3 mm. long, imbricated when dry, lanceolate, hyaline tipped; margin recurved on one side below; costa ending below apex; upper cells rounded, sinuose, bistratose, elongated at base with straight or slightly sinuose lateral walls. Seta erect, 2-3 mm. long; capsule erect, exserted, ovoid; lid conical; peristome teeth 2-3 cleft to middle; calyptra mi triform. (Fig. 65,
A-C.)
3551+90, (as G. ovata).
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 3551+7a (as G. ovata), 3551+8 (as G. ovata), Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65526a (as G. praetermissa), 65530 (as G. praetermissa). Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65262 (as G. praeter:
missa).
Distribution:
Greenland, British Columbia to California and
Arizona, Mexico, Europe, Asia.
On rocks and banks at high altitudes. The hyaline leaf tips vary from very short or none to quite long but in a broad sense I can see no advantage in separating these forms. The types of G. breviexserta and G. Bernoullii have not been seen but the descriptions
strongly suggest that they belong here.
3.
GRIMMIA TRICHOPHYLLA
Grev., Fl. Edin. 235.
1824.
Yellowish green plants in lax tufts; stems to 3 cm. long. Leaves and twisted when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, hyaline tip subentire; margins recurved below; costa
erect
prominent at back; upper
cells
rounded, bistratose at margins, basal

cells
143
linear,
incrassate,
Seta 3-5
mm.
slightly sinuose, shorter toward margins. long, strongly curved; capsule ovoid, yellowish, ribbed
with age; lid conic-rostrate; peristome teeth reddish, papillose, 2-3 cleft; calyptra mitriform. (Fig. 65, D-F.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5683 in part, 36091, 36096a; Standley 851*10. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8M51, 8^62, SWk-
Distribution: Western North America, Hawaii, Europe, Asia,

Africa,
New
Zealand.
On
A widely distributed, variable species
but usually easily recognized by the leaves with a distinctly thickened border and a long, nearly entire hyaline tip. As the plants fruit freely the curved setae are noteworthy.
2.
RHACOMITRIUM
Brid.,
Mant.
78.
1819.
Robust rupestrine plants in loose, extensive mats; stems often with numerous short lateral branchlets. Leaves lanceolate, usually hyaline tipped; costa ending in or near apex; leaf cells elongate, Seta terminal, elongate; capsules strongly sinuose or nodulose. erect, ovoid-cylindric; lid long beaked; peristome teeth deeply 2-3
cleft into
narrow forks; calyptra mitriform.
FIGURE 65 A-C, Grimmia D-F, Grimmia

leaf
leaf, X22; C, capsule, X8. D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X22; F, capsule, X8. G-I, Rhacomitrium crispulum: G, part of plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, upper cells and margin, X270.
ovalis:
A, plant, XI; B,
trichophylla:
144
25
1.
RHACOMITRIUM CRISPULUM (H.

181.
f.
&
:
W.) H.
f.
&
W.,
Fl.
Tasm.
1867.
.
Dryptodon crispulus H. f & W., Fl. Ant. 1 57. 1843. Trichostomum crispipilum Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 47.
1846.
Grimmia contermina C. M., Syn.

?Rhacomitrium fragile Ren.
2: 655.
1851.
&
1909.
Plants hoary, yellowish green above, brown below; stems decumbent, to 8 cm. or more long, with numerous short lateral branchlets. Leaves imbricated when dry, flexuous or secund, 3-3.5 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate, hyaline tip very variable, from nearly obsolete to very long and strongly crisped; margin recurved on one side; costa prominent at back; cells linear with thickened, strongly nodulose lateral walls. Seta about 10 mm. long; capsule cylindric, urn about 3 mm. long, erect or slightly curved;
lid subulate-rostrate.
(Fig. 65, G-I.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 3551*0, 36101, 36102. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81*l*35a, 81*1*1*5, 81*1*1*9, 81*1*61, 81*51*6. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67709, 67710a, 67711, 6771k, 67715a, 67723; Steyermark 31*210, 31*211, 31+839. Dept. Solola: Steyermark l*71*l*7a, 1*71*53, 1*71*57.
:
New Zealand, New Hawaii. Guinea, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, On rocks and rocky banks at high altitudes. Apart from the hyaline tip, which is too variable to be used as a specific indicator, the Cordilleran plants ranging north to Guatemala differ in no It is evidently a plastic essential way from those of other regions.
Distribution: Costa Rica to Fuegia, Africa,
and widely distributed

3.
species.
PTYCHOMITRIUM
Furnr., Flora 2: 19.
1829.
medium sized tufted plants. Stems erect. Leaves dry, lanceolate, entire or toothed above; cells smooth, rounded above, narrower and elongate below. Setae erect, often
Autoicous;
crisped
when
aggregated; capsules ovoid;* lid long beaked; peristome teeth 16, divided nearly to base into narrow, papillose, erect forks; calyptra
mitriform, plicate, covering half the urn.
1.
Leaves entire Leaves sharply serrate above

Capsule ovoid-cylindric Capsule narrowly cylindrical
3.
I.
P. Leibergii
2
2.
2.
P. serratum
P. cylindrothecium
1.
PTYCHOMITRIUM LEIBERGII
Best, Bryol. 9: 80.
1906.
Plants 1-2 cm. high, brownish green, compactly tufted. Leaves crowded, crispate with incurved points when dry, 3-5 mm. long,

linear-lanceolate from
145
an ovate base, broadly acute; margins plane, costa strong, percurrent; upper cells rounded, 8-10 n, obscure, entire; often in 2 layers, basal cells oblong, hyaline. Seta 4-5 mm. long; capsule ovoid, urn 1-1.4 mm. long; peristome teeth brown, densely
annulus broad; lid about 1 mm. long; lobed at base; spores 15-25 M- (Fig. 66, A-D.) calyptra plicate,
papillose, irregularly cleft;
Dept. Jalapa: Slandley 76792.
Distribution: Arizona.
These plants are dry, shaded banks at moderate altitude. more robust and the spores average larger than in the Arizona collections but these seem to be only trivial differences.
,
On
2.
PTYCHOMITRIUM SERRATUM Bry. Eur. (name only).

Brachysteleum serratum C. M., Syn.
1
:
fasc. 2-3,
Mon.
4.
1837
768.
1849.
Glyphomitrium serratum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 106.
1869.
Robust, tufted plants, yellowish green above, brown below; stems erect, 3-4 cm. high. Leaves crowded, strongly crisped when dry, 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, apex acute, plicate near
FIGURE 66
A-D, Ptychomitrium Leibergii: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, XI 20; D, calyptra, X8. E-H, Ptychomitrium serratum: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X8; G, apex of leaf, X54;
H, capsule, X8. I-K, Ptychomitrium cylindrothecium: capsule, X8.
I,
leaf,
X8;
J,
apex of
leaf,
X54; K,
146
25
base; margins narrowly recurved below, coarsely serrate toward apex; costa percurrent; upper cells quadrate, incrassate, 8-10 n, often
in 2 layers near margins, basal cells linear, sinuose, hyaline.
Setae
3-7 from one perichaetium, 3-5 mm. long; capsules ovoid-cylindric, urn 2.5 mm. long; lid 1 mm. long; peristome teeth bifid to near base,
reddish; calyptra 2.5 mm. long, plicate, deeply lobed at base, serrate on the plaits above. (Fig. 66, E-H.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley
:
6591^3.
Distribution: Western Texas, Mexico.
On damp bank
fruits freely
at high altitude.
its
throughout
range.
A handsome plant and one that The coarsely toothed leaves and
clustered, short setae are conspicuous features.
3.
PTYCHOMITRIUM CYLINDROTHECIUM
1056.
(C.
M.)
Par.,
Ind. Bryol.
1897.
1897.
Brachysteleum cylindrothecium C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 199.
Plants similar to P. serratum but leaves more slenderly acuminate, Setae slender, clustered, about 5 mm. long, yellowish; capsules narrowly cylindrical, 2-2.5 mm.
usually strongly undulate in the upper half.
long; peristome teeth reddish, bifid, forks filiform, papillose; calyptra as in P. serratum. (Fig. 66, I-K.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 85^15.
Endemic.
At high
altitude.
Although near P. serratum
this species
seems
more slenderly pointed leaves and the narrowly cylindrical capsules. Until a careful study of these and the closely allied species from Mexico and Colombia is made the group cannot
to be distinct in the
be clearly resolved.
12.
FUNARIACEAE
crowded
Small terrestrial plants with broad, soft, laxly areolate leaves in a comal tuft. Costa slender, usually ending below apex; Seta cells large, smooth, rhomboidal above, rectangular below.
terminal, erect; capsules erect or curved, smooth or ribbed; peristome single or double with segments opposite teeth or lacking; lid plano-
convex; calyptra smooth, long beaked.

1.
Capsules strongly curved and asymmetrical Capsules erect and symmetrical
3.
Funaria
2
2.
Lid conical, calyptra mi triform Lid nearly flat, calyptra cucullate, inflated
1.
Physcomitrium
2.
Entosthodon

1.
147
PHYSCOMITRIUM
Brid., Bryol. Univ.
2:815.
1827.
Small, gregarious plants. Leaves contorted when dry, obovate or spatulate; costa subpercurrent. Seta slender, elongate; capsules
subglobose, wide mouthed, without peristome; lid planoconvex, apiculate; calyptra mitriform, long beaked, lobed at base;
erect,
spores large.
1.
PHYSCOMITRIUM OLLULA C. M.,
1897.
Small plants; stems simple. Leaves few, crispate, undulate-concave when moist, rather broadly oblong from a long, very narrow
base, folded together, short acuminate, acumen distinctly serrulate, recurved, narrowly bordered; costa reddish, slender, ending below
Seta short, red, erect; capsule "tumescentiminute, flat, apiculate. amphoroidea" Alta Verapaz: Pansamala, alt. 3,800 ft., H. v. Turckheim, Dec.
apex;
cells lax, pellucid.
;
lid
1887.
The above is a free transcription of the original description. None of the original collection is available for comparison but I suspect P. ollula will prove to be identical with P. subsphaericum Schimp.
of Mexico.
The only noteworthy

is
ness of the setae which
difference seems to be in the shorta notoriously variable character in this
group.
2.
ENTOSTHODON
Schwaegr., Suppl. 2':44.
1823.
Small, autoicous plants with laxly areolate leaves.
Seta slender,
elongate; capsules erect, symmetrical; peristome single, often rudimentary, rarely lacking or double; lid convex, apiculate; calyptra long beaked, inflated below. Distinguished from Funaria only by
the erect, symmetrical capsules.

1.
Leaves obtuse, peristome well developed Leaves acuminate, peristome lacking or rudimentary
3.
E. longisetus
2
2.
Leaves obovate, bordered, serrulate Leaves lanceolate, not bordered, entire
1.
E. Bonplandii 2. E. acidotus
1.
ENTOSTHODON BONPLANDII
245.
(Brid.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:
1869.
Gymnostomum Bonplandii
1826. 1897.
?Entosthodon microcarpus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 174.
Small, green, gregarious plants; stems 2 mm. high. Upper leaves few, crowded, 2 mm. long and a scant 1 mm. wide, obovate, concave,
148
25
H
FIGURE 67
A-C, Entosthodon Bonplandii: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X18; C, upper and margin, X120. D-F, Entosthodon acidotus: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X18; F, upper and margin, X120. G-J, Entosthodon longisetus: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X18; I, upper and margin, X120; J, capsule, X14.
leaf cells leaf cells
leaf cells
short acuminate, bluntly denticulate in upper half; costa ending below apex; cells thin walled, oblong-hexagonal, about 25 p. x 65 /x,
narrower in several rows at margins.
Seta 6-10 mm. long, reddish; capsule erect, oblong-pyriform, urceolate and wide mouthed when dry; peristome teeth very rudimentary, short, hyaline and truncate
or lacking.
(Fig. 67,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 9001 1*.
West
Indies.
No original material of E. Bonplandii is available but the above collection corresponds in every way with the description and memoranda of Mrs. Britton's taken from the type. The description of E. microcarpus C. M. suggests nothing very different and it is probably the same thing.
On damp bank
2.
ENTOSTHODON ACIDOTUS
Gymnostomum acidotum
(Tayl.) C. M., Syn. 2: 547.

1848.
1851.
Stems
thin,
slender, 2-4
mm.
high.
Leaves
erect, appressed, 1-1.5
mm.
long, oblong-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, entire; costa strong but
ending below apex;
cells
oblong with firm, yellowish pellucid

walls, laxer below.
149
Seta slender, red, 5-10 mm. long; capsules erect or nodding, oblong-pyriform, tapering to a distinct neck, urn brown, 1-1.5 mm. long; peristome lacking. (Fig. 67, D-F.)
Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61015 in part (as Funaria microcarpa)
.
Distribution: Ecuador, Bolivia.
On wet bank
at high altitude.
flora.
This
is
an interesting addition
to the North American moss
The
erect, imbricated, entire,
unbordered leaves are sharply distinct from those of E. Bonplandii and seem to be similar in all ways to Spruce's No. 444 from Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador.
3.
ENTOSTHODON LONGISETUS
48.
Schp., in Besch. Prodr. Bryol.

1909.
Mex.
1871.
Funaria epipedostegia Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 109.
Small, yellowish green plants, densely gregarious. Stems 4-5 mm. high. Upper leaves in a terminal tuft, decreasing in size below, to 2.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, spathulate-ovate from a narrow base,
widest about middle, obtuse, minutely apiculate, unbordered, entire; costa ending below apex; upper cells irregularly hexagonal, thinwalled, 25-30 ju wide, gradually more elongate and rectangular below. Seta very variable in length, to 4 cm. long, slender, reddish; capsules suberect, pyriform, narrowed to a distinct neck; peristome simple,
teeth red, well separated, linear-lanceolate.

D.ept. Alta Verapaz: Sharp 29^1. Totonicapan: Standley 8^021.
(Fig. 67, G-J.)
Dept.
On banks at moderately high altitudes. The broad, entire, unbordered leaves coupled with the peristomate capsules are good
diagnostic characters.
3.
FUNARIA
1801.
Autoicous; plants gregarious; stems short. Lower leaves small, the upper much larger and crowded in a terminal rosette, obovate, acuminate; cells lax; costa strong, ending in or near apex. Seta
elongate; capsules pyriform with a long neck, usually unsymmetrical
and arcuate,
sulcate, mouth oblique; annulus large; lid nearly peristome double, teeth 16, curved, segments opposite teeth.
Capsules smooth, annulus lacking
1.
flat;
F. obtusata
Capsules sulcate, annulus present
2.
F. hygrometrica
150
25
FIGURE 68 A-C, Funaria hygrometrica: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, capsule, X8. D-F, Splachnobryum Bernoulli!: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X26; F, cells and
margin near
leaf apex,
X120.
leaf,
G-I, Tayloria mexicana: G, plant, Xl; H, margin, X54.
XlO;
I,
upper
leaf cells
and
1.
FUNARIA OBTUSATA Schimp.,

Small,
in C.
M.
Syn. 2: 540.
1851.
crowded
cells;
Leaves densely tufted plants, dull yellowish green. in a terminal tuft, to 2.5 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, Ungulate,
obtuse, entire or sinuate toward apex by the projecting marginal costa slender, ending well below apex; upper cells irregularly hexagonal, 25-30 n wide, elongate and rectangular toward base.
Seta yellow, 1 cm. long; capsule strongly arcuate and asymmetrical when dry so that the mouth is vertical, faintly ribbed in lower half, nodding, pyriform when moist; peristome double; annulus lacking.
(Fig. 64,
D-G.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 279^.
Distribution Mexico.
:
On
soil
Easily recognized by the short,
curved asymmetrical capsules with the mouth nearly vertical. Previously known only from Mexico.
2.
FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 172.

5: 175.
1801.
Funaria megapoda C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss.
1897.
Plants in extensive colonies, pale green; stems to 1 cm. high. Upper leaves contorted when dry, oblong-ovate, concave, short

acuminate, 2-4
151
mm.
long, entire or
percurrent; upper
cells
weakly toothed; costa subhexagonal, elongated below. Seta 1-5 cm.
long, flexuous; capsule pyriform, unsymmetrical, sulcate; peristome teeth spirally curved, dark red, united at tips, segments shorter than teeth; calyptra long beaked, inflated below. (Fig. 68, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90790. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 65931, Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86265, 85SW, 85373, 86^36. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83989, 8^1+75. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66019, 66U8, SSltOS. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58031, 586^2, 61175, 63052, 6S707. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61112, 80316, 80325. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 8050^. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark ^2^60. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31640. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32680. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley
82119, 81261, 82730.
77819.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
burned ground, banks etc. Many of the above from lower altitudes, represent the variety calvescens (Schwaegr.) Bry. Eur. but at high altitudes the typical form is not uncommon.
bare
soil,
On
collections, especially
13.
SPLACHNACEAE
Small to medium sized plants with erect stems and relatively broad leaves, laxly areolate as in Funaria. Costa ending below apex or excurrent. Seta elongate; capsules cylindrical, usually with a
distinct hypophysis; peristome single, teeth 16, often in 8 pairs.
Leaves Leaves
apex rounded, not bordered serrate, apiculate, bordered

entire,
\
1.
Splachnobryum
2.
Tayloria
1.
SPLACHNOBRYUM
C. M., Verh.
z. b.
Ges.
Wien
503.
1869.
Dioicous; small, slender, gregarious plants. Leaves not crowded, Ungulate, obtuse, subentire; costa weak, ending below apex; cells
smooth and
lax. Seta slender, elongate; capsule cylindric, erect; peristome teeth papillose, well spaced, irregularly cleft; lid conical; calyptra short, cucullate.
1.
SPLACHNOBRYUM BERNOULLII
1869.
C. M., Verh.
z. b.
Ges.
Wien
505.
Splachnobryum crenulatulum Card., Rev. Bry. 36: 86.
1909.
Plants green; stems 5-8 mm. high. Leaves oblong-ovate, 1-1.5 long, rounded and crenulate at apex; margins recurved toward base; costa ending below apex; upper cells irregularly hexagonal, to
mm.
152
25
10-12 /i wide, smooth, more elongate below. Seta 4-5 mm. long, slender; capsule cylindric, urn 1 mm. long, pale yellow, reddish at mouth; peristome teeth 16, linear, coarsely papillose, deeply inserted; lid conical, 0.25 mm. long; spores 13-17 n, smooth. (Fig. 68, D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70961 (as S. obtusum C. M.?). Standley 73880 (as S. obtusum?). Dept. Zacapa:
Distribution: Mexico, Honduras.
On wet rocks and banks at low altitudes. Until the tropical American species of this genus are restudied it seems advisable to
refer the local collections here.
S. Bernoullii are apparently
The Arizona collections referred to not the same thing and as far as I know S. Bernoullii has not been found north of Mexico. The sporophyte characters in the above description are from Standley's No. 53516 from Honduras.
2.
TAYLORIA
when
Hook., Journ.
Sci.
and Arts 3: 144.
1816.
Medium
torted
sized plants; stems erect.
Leaves not crowded, con-
dry, lingulate or' spatulate, entire or serrate, often bordered; cells lax; costa strong. Seta elongate; capsule erect with a tapering neck; peristome teeth 16, single or paired; lid conical;
calyptra inflated below, smooth or pilose.
1.
TAYLORIA MEXICANA (The>.) Bartr., Bryol. 49: 115. 1946. Orthomnium mexicanum Ther., Rev. Bryol. et Lich. 5 103. 1932.
:
Moderately robust, pale green plants; stems about 1.5 cm. high, Leaves strongly densely reddish tomentose below, laxly foliate. contorted when dry, widely spreading when moist, 4 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, broadly spatulate, obtuse, short apiculate, narrowly bordered; margins recurved at extreme base, plane above, irregularly dentate with short teeth; costa ending below apex; leaf cells lax, oblong-
gradually becoming rectangular below, 2-3 rows at margins broadly rectangular, hyaline, forming an indistinct border above middle. Seta short, smooth, 2-3 mm. long; capsule erect,
hexagonal,
narrowly cylindrical, to 4.5 mm. long; peristome teeth evenly spaced, brown, entire, to 300 M long, minutely vertically papillosestriolate on the outer plates; spores brown, 15 M(Fig. 68, G-I.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34093a. Dept. San Marcos: Sharp 54.77. Dept. Chimaltenango Slopes of Volcan de Acatenango above Las Calderas, alt. 2,400-2,700 m., in dense, wet, Chiranthodendron forest, Standley 61932e.
:
BARTRAM: MOSSES. OF GUATEMALA
153
This interesting and attractive species has some affinities with both T. Jamesoni (Tayl.) and T. Moritziana C. M. From the former it differs in the shorter setae, narrower capsule and narrower leaf border and from T. Moritziana in the short seta, evenly spaced peristome teeth and bordered leaves with short, blunt marginal teeth. Unfortunately the calyptrae are not available.
14.
BRYACEAE
Small to very large plants, usually tufted. Stems radiculose below, simple or with subfloral innovations. Lower leaves small, the upper larger, lanceolate to obovate; costa strong, usually percurrent or excurrent; cells smooth, prosenchymatous, linear to rhomboidal, often narrower toward margins. Seta elongate; capsules mostly inclined to pendulous, usually tapering to a distinct neck;
lid
convex, apiculate; peristome normally double; calyptra cucullate; spores small.

1.
Peristome teeth lacking Peristome teeth present

Inner peristome without basal membrane Inner peristome with basal membrane
1.
Mielichhoferia 2
2.
2.
Orthodontium
3
3.
Capsule suberect, segments
of inner peristome
none or rudimentary
7.
Brachymenium
4
5 7
8.
Capsule inclined or pendulous, segments well developed

4.
5.
Upper leaf cells narrow, linear or narrowly rhomboidal Upper leaf cells broad, rhomboidal Stems julaceous, leaves closely imbricated Stems not julaceous, leaves spreading
Leaves narrow, costa broad Leaves broader, costa narrow
Anomobryum
6
6.
3.
Leptobryum
4.
Pohlia
8 9
7.
Upper Upper
leaf cells lax, wide, 15 n or leaf cells firm, less than 15
more broad
/x
wide
.
8.
Leaves dimorphous, Leaves uniform
lateral
rows larger than the dorsal rows
6.
Epipterygium
5.
Mniobryum
9.
Segments
of inner peristome split into widely divergent forks

9.
Acidodontium
10
10.
Segments not forked

10. Seta usually solitary,
stems not stoloniferous Setae aggregated, stems stoloniferous
Bryum
11.
Rhodobryum
1.
MIELICHHOFERIA
2 Hornsch., Bryol. Germ. 2
179.
1831.
Slender, tufted plants. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed above; costa strong, ending near apex; cells linear-rhomboidal. Seta slender;
154
25
FIGURE 69
A-C, Mielichhoferia praticola: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X26; C, upper leaf and margin, X270. D-F, Orthodontium pellucens: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X20; F, upper leaf and margin, X270. G-I, Leptobryum pyriforme: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X18; I, capsule, X8.
cells
cells
capsules pyriform,
erect to
horizontal;
outer peristome lacking,

lid
segments of endostome linear from a short basal membrane;

convex.
1.
MIELICHHOFERIA PRATICOLA Card., Rev. Bryol. 38:
3.
1911.
Synoicous; plants in close, fragile tufts, yellowish green above,

high. Leaves suberect, 1.5 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; margins plane, denticulate toward apex; costa strong, ending below apex; cells linear-rhomboidal, with firm walls, shorter below. Seta about 15 mm. long; capsule cylindric, curved, erect or nodding, urn to 3 mm. long; segments of endostome filiform, smooth. (Fig. 69, A-C.)
brown below; stems 2-4 cm.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 855 Wa, 355^6.
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyer:
mark
Rock
American
identical with
crevices at high altitudes. These collections appear to be praticola but until a review of the tropical North
species
is
made
the specific distinctions must remain
uncertain.

2.
155
ORTHODONTIUM
123.
1827.
Small, delicate, yellowish green plants. Leaves numerous, long and narrow, subentire; costa nearly percurrent; cells linear-rhom-
Seta elongate; capsule cylindric, sulcate when dry; peristome double, teeth 16, slender, fragile, segments of endostome 16, not united below, about as long as teeth.
boidal.
1.
ORTHODONTIUM PELLUCENS (Hook.) Bry. Eur.

Bryum
pellucens Hook., Ic. PI. 1: 34.
fasc.
23-24.
1844.
1837.
Autoicous; plants densely tufted; stems 3-8

flexuous
when
about 3
mm.
mm. high. Leaves dry, linear-lanceolate, minutely denticulate near apex, long; costa slender, ending just below apex; cells linear-
rhomboidal, incrassate, shorter, laxer, thin walled and brownish at base. Seta slender, to 1 cm. long; capsule nodding, pyriform with a short neck, lightly sulcate when dry; peristome teeth and segments
about equal
in length.
:
(Fig. 69,
D-F.)
Dept. Quezaltenango
Steyermark 31^6^2.
Distribution:
California,
Costa
Rica,
West
Indies,
South
America.
On
is
sterile
rocks near sulfur terraces at high altitude. This collection but is well within the known range of the species and
evidently belongs here.
3.
LEPTOBRYUM
Bryum
(Bry. Eur.) Schimp., Coroll. 64.
1855.
subg. Leptobryum Bry. Eur. fasc. 46-47.
1851.
Slender, pale green, closely tufted plants. Leaves narrow, setaceous, costa broad ; cells linear above, shorter and broader below. Seta
elongate; capsule pyriform, glossy; peristome double, segments with
median
slits, cilia
appendiculate.
1.
LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME (Hedw.) Schimp.,

Webera pyriformis Hedw., Sp. Muse. 169.
1801.
Coroll. 64.
1855.
cm. high, laxly foliate. Leaves flexuous when dry, linear-setaceous, 2-3 mm. long; margins plane, denticulate above; costa broad below, excurrent; cells linear. Seta terminal, slender, to 3 cm. long; capsule pendulous, glossy, narrowed to a rather
1
Synoicous; stems about
long, wrinkled neck; lid hemispherical; peristome complete, teeth
156
25
yellowish, segments of
cilia 3,
endostome from a high basal membrane;

(Fig. 69, G-I.)
strongly appendiculate.
Dept. San Marcos: Slandley 66232.
Wide and nearly cosmopolitan. On damp bank at high altitude. Infrequent throughout Mexico
Distribution:
and Central America and apparently confined to moderately high

altitudes.
4.
POHLIA
1801.
Plants tufted or associated with other mosses. Stems erect, or innovating. Leaves lanceolate, not distinctly bordered, simple
denticulate above; costa usually ending below apex; cells narrow, Seta elongate; usually linear, shorter and rectangular below. capsules clavate or pyriform, inclined or pendulous; peristome double,
segments
1.
of
endostome with median
slits; cilia
nodose.
1.
Capsule slender, with a long neck Capsule clavate, with a short neck
P. spectabilis
2
2.
2.
Leaves pale green with metallic luster Leaves yellowish green, without luster
Setae aggregated, short Seta solitary, elongate
3.
P. cruda
3
3.
P. polycarpa
4
4.
Capsules suberect, endostome rudimentary Capsules nodding, endostome well developed

Capsules ovoid, leaves short acuminate Capsules oblong-cylindric, leaves slenderly acuminate
5.
6.
P. tenuiseta
5
5.
P. papillosa P. peracuminata
4.
1.
POHLIA SPECTABILIS
547.
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenfam.
3
:
1903.
Bryum
spedabile C. M., Syn. 2: 583. 1851. Webera cylindrica (Mont.) Schimp., in Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex.
52.
1871.
Paroicous; antheridia in axils of comal leaves. Plants slender, yellowish green; stems about 1 cm. high, nearly bare below. Comal
leaves
crowded, erect, 3-3.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved below, denticulate toward apex; costa strong, ending just below apex or percurrent; cells linear, incrassate, shorter and rectangular at base. Seta slender, 2.5-3 cm. long; capsules nodding or horizontal, to 6-7 mm. long, cylindric, often curved, neck not much narrowed, shorter than the rest of the capsule; lid
conical, apiculate; peristome teeth yellow, minutely papillose, segments of endostome narrow, nearly as long as teeth, scarcely slit, cilia
2-3, short
and rudimentary, nodose; spores 12-15
M-
(Fig. 70,
A-C.)

62697, 62699, 65909.
157
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5900a. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62712, Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 676 14a, 67680, 67686, 67690, 67694, 67695, 67716, 67755, 67759, 83404, 83407, 86115, 86121a; Steyer:
mark 34186, 34165.

Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia.
On damp
tively
species fruits freely
banks, logs and trees at high altitudes. This frequent and will command attention at once by the rela-
and conspicuous, elongated capsules. When well the fruit is longer than in any of the nearly related species developed north of the Mexican border but the structural features are very
large
similar.
2.
POHLIA CRUDA (Hedw.) Lindb., Muse. Scand. Mnium crudum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 189. 1801.
18.
1879.
Plants slender, loosely tufted, pale green with a pronounced Lower metallic luster; stems to 4 cm. high, radiculose below. leaves small and distant, above about 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
short acuminate, denticulate toward apex; costa reddish below, ending below apex; upper cells linear, to 85 n long, comal leaves often
and slenderly acuminate. Seta 1.5-2 cm. long, reddish; capsule nodding or horizontal, oblong-cylindric, neck short;
longer, narrower
lid
short, conical; peristome complete, teeth yellow,

split, cilia
endostome widely
2-3, nodose.
(Fig.
segments of 70, D-F.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35482, 36085. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62693, 62724, 84516a. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 34193a, 34251, 34254.
Distribution:
Wide
in
North America, south along Cordillera to
Antarctica, Europe, Asia, Australia,
New
Zealand.
of these collections
typical.
On
are
rocks and trees at high altitudes. Several more robust than the average but otherwise
3.
POHLIA POLYCARPA
1903.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
& P.
Pflanzenfam.
1869.
13.
3:
548.
Bryum polycarpum
Webera Costesii Card.
&
The>., Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 1917:

1917.
?Bryum aggregatum Hampe,

Dioicous?
high, nearly naked below.
1897.
Small, dull green plants; stems slender, about 1 cm. Upper leaves crowded in a comal tuft,
1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate toward apex; costa ending below apex; margins plane or narrowly recurved below; cells linear, shorter and broader at base. Setae aggregated,
158
25
FIGURE 70
A-C, Pohlia spectabilis: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X12; C, capsule, X4. D-F, Pohlia cruda: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf cells and margin,
X270.
G-I, Pohlia polycarpa: G, plant, Xl; H,
leaf,
X14;
I,
apex of
leaf,
X54.
2-4 from one perichaetium, 6-8 mm. long; capsules brown, oblongcylindric, 2.5-3 mm. long, neck about equaling the rest of the capsule; peristome short, segments of endostome narrow from a short basal membrane, cilia none or very rudimentary; lid conical, apiculate.
(Fig. 70, G-I.)
Volcan de Fuego, Godman
&
Salvin.
Distribution: Chile.
The
which
is
clustered, short setae should readily identify this species
known
locally only
from the type
locality.
4.
POHLIA PAPILLOSA
1903.
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
1
:
& P.
Pflanzenfam.
I3
552.
Bryum
papillosum C. M., Syn.
326.
1849.
1869.
?Bryum
didymodontium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 289.
Lower leaves minute and
Dioicous; plants slender, dull green; stems to 1.5 cm. high. distant, the upper 1.5-2 mm. long, narrowly
lanceolate, decurrent, acuminate, denticulate toward apex; margins plane or narrowly recurved below; costa strong, ending just below apex; cells linear. Seta slender, variable in length, from 3-8 cm.
long; capsules nodding, ovoid, small mouthed, short necked, 2-3 mm. long, appearing papillose by the strongly convex exothecial

cells;
159
lid convex, apiculate; peristome short, teeth densely but minutely papillose, segments of endostome narrow from a high basal membrane, about as long as teeth, cilia none or rudimentary. Sterile stems often with linear, vermicular propagula in the leaf
axils.
(Fig. 71,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66268, 66269, 86511a, 86515b; Steyermark 35631. Dept. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66375, 8SS08, 836^5, 85986, 86025.
Suchitepequez: Steyermark S5S2\, S5S62.
West
Indies, northern
South
America.
On damp banks and

setae
trees at rather high altitudes.
The long
short, small, wide mouthed capsules are very distinctive. Mitten's description of Bryum didymodontium is not very convincing as compared with Muller's species, and I strongly suspect they are
and
conspecific.
Sterile plants
bergii
may
by the presence
of
be distinguished from Mniobryum Wahlengemmae in the upper leaf axils.

5.
POHLIA PERACUMINATA
1947.
tomentose below.
Dioicous; tufts yellowish green and slightly glossy above, reddish Stems slender, laxly foliate, 1-1.5 cm. high.
FIGURE 71
A-C, Pohlia papillosa: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X14; C, capsule, X8. D-F, Mniobryum Wahlenbergti: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. G-I, Epipterygium immarginatum: G, plant, Xl; H, lateral leaf, X14; I, dorsal leaf, X14.
160
25
FIGURE 72
A-C, Pohlia peracuminata: A,
D-G, Pohlia
of peristome,
tenuiseta:
Xl; B, leaf, X26; C, capsule, XlO. D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, capsule, XlO; G, part
plant,
leaf,
XllO. H-I, Anomobryum semiovatum: H,
X14;
I,
apex of
leaf,
XllO.
Leaves erect-spreading, 1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, long and slenderly acuminate; margins recurved, minutely denticulate toward apex; costa ending in acumen; upper cells linear-rhomboidal, laxer and short rectangular toward base, not incrassate. Seta red, flexuous, to 2 cm. long; capsule pendulous, urn 3 mm. long with neck, oblong-cylindrical, neck about half the length of urn; lid conical; peristome teeth yellow, endostome from a high basal membrane,
cilia 2, short,
nodose.
:
(Fig. 72,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Sharp 5451a.
Dept. Huehuetenango
Sharp ^780a.
Endemic.
On bank and
tree trunk at high altitudes.
Bryum
Seleri C.
M.
is described as having the leaves "breviter acuminata" which should preclude any confusion with the new species. The dioicous inflorescence and sporophyte characters suggest faintly some affinity with P. Drummondii (C. M.) Andrews but the leaves of the Guatemalan plants are much more slenderly acuminate and the basal leaf cells
lax
and
delicate.
6.
POHLIA TENUISETA
1947.
5-10
Dioicous; slender plants in dense, pale green tufts. Stems erect, mm. high, radiculose at base. Upper leaves erect-spreading,
161
2-2.3 mm. long, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved below, minutely denticulate above; costa ending below apex; upper cells linear becoming short rectangular at base. Seta
very slender, to 5 cm. long, flexuous, red; capsules suberect, oblongcylindric from a short neck, small-mouthed, to 3.5 mm. long; lid convex, apiculate; peristome teeth yellow, about 0.2 mm. high, minutely papillose, endostome imperfect, consisting of a low, hyaline basal membrane with irregularly cleft segments about as long as teeth, cilia none or rudimentary; spores minutely papillose, diameter 20-25 M (Fig. 72, D-G.)
.
Dept. Huehuetenango Sharp 4909.

:
Endemic.
On banks
several
This
is
an unusual species
in
bright red setae, suberect capsules and imperfect inner peristome are characters in the aggregate widely different from those attributed to any other member
respects.
The
long,
slender,
of the genus.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
BRYUM SELERI
1897.
it
This species is evidently referable to Pohlia but accurately determined from the description.
cannot be
5.
MNIOBRYUM
Mniobryum Schimp.
(Schimp. ex
p.)
Limpr.,
46-47
et
Laubm.
2: 272.
4.
1892.
in Bry. Eur. fasc.
Consp. ad Vol.
1851.
Plants in lax pale green tufts; stems elongate, radiculose below, laxly foliate. Leaves slightly contorted when dry, ovate-lanceolate; costa ending below apex; cells lax, rhomboidal. Seta elongate; capsule ovoid, nodding or pendulous; peristome complete, cilia
nodose;
lid
convex, apiculate.
1.
MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII (Web. & Mohr.) Bartr., comb. Hypnum Wahlenbergii Web. & Mohr., Bot. Taschenbuch 280. 1807.
Mnium
albicans Wahlenb., Fl. Lapp. 353.
nov.
1812.
Dioicous; stems to 5 cm. long, often branched, slender. Leaves 1.5-2 mm. long, slightly decurrent, short acuminate; margins slightly recurved below; plane and denticulate above; costa reddish toward
base, ending below apex; cells thin walled, to 15 or 20 n wide
and
162
25
100 n long, narrower toward margins. Seta to 2 cm. or more long; capsule ovoid, wide mouthed, neck short; peristome teeth slender, yellowish, segments of endostome split, cilia 2 or 3, nodose. (Fig. 71,
D-F.)
Distribution: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Wet banks and
rocks at
medium
to high altitudes.
Sterile
No
fertile
plants have been seen from the
local area.
stems are
fre-
quently quite slender with reduced leaves.
6.
EPIPTERYGIUM
Lindb., Oefv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1863:599. 1863.
Dioicous; plants rather small, pale and dull green tinged with red stems simple, radiculose below. Lower leaves small and distant, the upper not crowded, complanate, dimorphous, the lateral rows
;
ovate, larger and broader than the dorsal rows; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells very lax and thin walled, narrower toward margins
often forming a distinct, colored border.
pendulous, small, ovoid; peristome complete, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, cilia well developed, nodose.
Leaves with a reddish border
Leaves not bordered
2.
1.
E. lepidopiloides E. immarginatum
1.
EPIPTERYGIUM IMMARGINATUM
1869.
Densely gregarious, medium sized plants; stems about 2 cm. high. Lateral leaves broadly ovate, short apiculate, 2.5 mm. long; margins plane, minutely denticulate above; costa slender, ending well above mid-leaf; cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, to 20 M x 120 n, gradually narrower and longer toward margins but not forming a distinct border; dorsal leaves about 1 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Seta 12-15
mm.
long; capsule small, pendulous.

:
(Fig. 71, G-I.)

.
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 3^736; Standley 65321

Standley
Dept. Sacatepequez:
59^6 in part.
On wet banks and rocks at high altitudes. The longer costa and the indistinct, concolorous leaf border will aid in separating this species from the following.

2.
163
EPIPTERYGIUM LEPIDOPILOIDES
143.
(C.
M.)
Par., Suppl. Ind. Bryol.

1897.
1900.
Bryum
lepidopiloides C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 185.
Similar to E. immarginatum but smaller and more deeply tinged with red. Stems under 1 cm. high. Lateral leaves to 2.5 mm. long,
oblong-ovate, short apiculate, entire; costa ending about mid-leaf or below; cells as in E. immarginatum but colored toward margins
forming a rather indefinite reddish border; dorsal leaves much smaller, narrowly lanceolate, slenderly acuminate. Sporophyte not
seen.
(Fig. 73,
A-D.)
Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 1*6850.
Endemic. On shaded
lateral
cliff
Wrightii (Sull.) Lindb. of the

leaves,
less
cells.
face at high altitude. Very distinct from E. West Indies in the oblong, not obovate,
abruptly apiculate and
the narrower,
more
elongated leaf
7.
BRACHYMENIUM
medium sized when dry;
Schwaegr., Suppl. 2
1
:
131.
1824.
Small to
or contorted
plants, densely tufted. Leaves imbricated costa strong, often long excurrent; cells
FIGURE 73
A-D, Epipterygium
C, upper leaf
cells
and
lepidopiloides: A, lateral leaf, X14; B, dorsal leaf, margin, X120; D, apex of leaf, X54.
leaf,
X14;
E-G, Brachymenium systylium: E, plant, XI; F, X54. H-J, Brachymenium barbe-montis: H, plant, Xl; cells and margin, X270.
X14; G, apex
X14;
J,
of leaf,
leaf
I, leaf,
upper
164
25
rhomboidal above, short rectangular below. Seta elongate; capsule suberect; peristome double, teeth normally developed, endostome imperfect, consisting of an irregular basal membrane without
segments or
1.
cilia.
1.
Costa ex current in a long, hyaline hair point Costa not as above

4.
B. systylium
2
2. Leaves spirally twisted when dry, narrowly bordered Leaves erect-imbricated when dry, unbordered
3.
B. macrocarpum
3
Small
plants, leaves less
than
mm.
long, cells
not incrassate
2.
. .
Large plants, leaves 1-1.5
mm.
long, cells very incrassate.
.3.
B. barbe-montis B. mexicanum
1.
BRACHYMENIUM SYSTYLIUM
1874-75.
(C.
M.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
117.
Bryum Bryum
systylium C. M., Syn. 1 : 320. 1849. Carionis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 180.
1897.
Plants 1-3 cm. high, densely tufted, matted with reddish brown Leaves crowded, often in interradicles below; stems branched.
rupted tufts, closely imbricated, unbordered, oblong-ovate, concave, with long, hyaline hair points; costa strong, excurrent in a long,
subentire hair point; margins erect, denticulate above; cells rhom-
boidal-hexagonal becoming linear toward margins, quadrate toward base. Seta 1.5 mm. long or longer; capsule suberect, ovoid-cylindric,
3.5
mm.
papillose;
long; lid bluntly conical; peristome teeth slender, brown, endostome a low, yellowish membrane slightly exceeding
(Fig. 73,
the rim.
E-G.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69650, 71730, 717J*3a, 90775. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81690, 82867; Steyermark 50598, 50599a. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 81*261, 85738; Steyermark 31*101*, 31*106. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 59011. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*6959. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61856. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 75581*.
:
New
Mexico, Mexico, Central and South
America.
and damp, shaded banks at medium to high altiVariable and frequent but easily recognized by the closely imbricated, hair-pointed leaves.
trees, logs
On
tudes.
2.
BRACHYMENIUM BARBE-MONTIS
31
:
C. M., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg.
165.
1892.
slender.
Small, densely tufted, terrestrial plants; stems to 7 mm. high, Leaves erect and closely imbricated when dry, scarcely

1
165
mm.
strong,
long, ovate, concave, aristate; margins erect, entire; costa excurrent in a stout, concolorous arista; cells narrowly
rhomboidal, not incrassate, narrower toward margins, short rectangular below. Seta slender, reddish, about 15 mm. long; capsule erect, ovoid with a short neck, wrinkled when dry, 1.5 mm. long; lid
bluntly conical; peristome teeth linear, densely papillose, endostome a high membrane more than half the height of the teeth; annulus
compound.
upper
Sterile
leaf axils.
(Fig. 73,
stems frequently with small, H-J.)

891*38.
foliose
gemmae
in
Dept. Guatemala: Standley
Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76785, 77527.
On
minute,
shaded banks at moderate altitudes. The small size and unbordered leaves will distinguish this species without
much
3.
trouble.
BRACHYMENIUM MEXICANUM Mont., Ann.

9: 54.
Sci.
Nat. Bot. Ser.
II,
1838.
Dull, yellowish green plants, closely tufted; stems to 1 cm. high, often branched. Lower leaves small, upper crowded in a comal tuft,
about 1.5 mm. long, concave, costa excurrent in a short, concolorous cuspidate, entire, unbordered; point; upper cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, incrassate, basal cells
closely imbricated, broadly ovate,
Seta 12-25 mm. long; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, to a slender neck; lid bluntly conical; annulus broad; tapering peristome teeth brownish, papillose, endostome about half the
quadrate.
height of the teeth, irregularly laciniate on the edge.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82522a. 83261 a. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley
(Fig. 74,
:
A-D.)
Standley
Dept. Quezaltenango
Distribution: Texas, Mexico.
On banks and rocks mostly at rather high altitudes. The short pointed, unbordered leaves in compact comal tufts give this species a characteristic look.
4.
BRACHYMENIUM MACROCARPUM
Rather robust plants
in green
Card., Rev. Bryol. 38:
6.
1911.
mats or
tufts;
high, densely radiculose below, simple or branched.
stems about 1 cm. Leaves crowded,
spirally twisted when dry, oblong-ovate, obtuse, cuspidate, to 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; margins strongly recurved, denticulate near apex;
costa stout, excurrent in a toothed, concolorous point; upper cells
166
25
vxi
FIGURE 74
A-D, Brachymenium mexicanum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; D, part of peristome, X120. E-G, Brachymenium macrocarpum: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. H-J, Anomobryum filiforme: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
hexagonal, thin walled, densely chlorophyllose, elongate in 1 or 2 rows at margins forming a narrow border, basal cells quadrate. Seta
red, 1.5-2
mouthed, a scant 1 mm. long; peristome curved, long; teeth brown, densely papillose, endostome a high yellowish, papillose
3-4
cm. long; capsule

lid conical,
erect, ovoid-cylindric, small
mm.
cylinder, laciniate
on the edge.
(Fig. 74,
E-G.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2056.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico.
On
rocks, logs
and
trees at
low altitude.
Sharply distinct from
the other local species in that the leaves are spirally twisted dry with the margins recurved nearly to apex.
when
8.
ANOMOBRYUM
Schimp., Syn. Ed.
I,
382.
1860.
Dioicous; slender, pale green, glossy plants; stems evenly foliate
and
terete. Leaves erect, closely imbricated, ovate, concave, entire; costa ending below apex; upper cells narrow, more lax and rhomboidal below. Seta elongate; capsule pendulous; peristome double and
complete.

1.
167
2.
Leaves plicate, upper cells to 50 n long Leaves not plicate, upper cells to 100 /i long
A. plicatum
2
2. Leaves bluntly pointed, costa ending below apex Leaves acute, costa percurrent
3.
A. filiforme A. semiovatum
1.
1.
ANOMOBRYUM FILIFORME
(Dicks) Husn., Muse. Gall. 2?2.

1801.
5: 182.
1888.
Bryum filiforme Dicks., PI. Crypt, fasc. 4: 16. ?Bryum perappresum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss.
1897.
Plants tufted, to 2 cm. or more high, glossy; stems julaceous, with subfloral innovations. Leaves numerous, erect and rigidly imbricated, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse to broadly acute; margins erect, denticulate toward apex; costa ending below apex; upper cells linear, to 100 M or more long, incrassate, vermicular, broader, shorter and thin walled below. Seta slender, flexuous, to 2 cm. long; capsule oblong-cylindric, neck distinct, 3-4 mm. long; peristome teeth yellow, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, split,
cilia
appendiculate.
(Fig. 74,
:
H-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82^28. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66271; Steyermark 85675, 35993. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65921, 8M25. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67829, 67861, 83313, 83430, 83377, 852^5, 85987, 8601>5; Steyermark 33929, 8^596, 8^618, 8^916, 3^920. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65273. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62322, 6^80.
Distribution: Greenland to Alaska south to New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota, Mexico, Costa Rica, South America, Europe, Africa. On damp banks and rocks at medium to high altitudes. The species is quite variable and I cannot satisfactorily segregate the var. mexicanum (Schimp.) Par. from the type concept. It fruits in Mexico and Costa Rica and is apparently broadly disfreely
tributed.
2.
ANOMOBRYUM PLICATUM
1909.
More robust than A. filiforme; stems to 5 cm. or more high. Leaves broadly ovate, about as broad as long, rounded at apex, crenulate-denticulate about half way down, often with 1 or 2 noticeable plicae on either side of costa; costa stout, ending below apex; upper cells narrowly rhomboidal, 8-10 M wide, 25-50 n long, incrassate, much narrower and linear in several rows toward margins, basal cells shorter and broader. (Fig. 75, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81087, 81179 in part.
168
25
Distinct from A. filiforme in the orbicularAlpine meadow. ovate leaves and shorter, broader upper leaf cells.
3.
ANOMOBRYUM SEMIOVATUM
75.
(Brid.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
602.
1874-
Bryum semiovatum
Brid., Bryol. Univ.
846.
1826.
Slender yellowish green plants forming low, dense mats. Stems decumbent, to 2 cm. long, julaceous when moist. Leaves laxly
moist, to 1.5 mm. long, ovate, concave, acute; margins erect, entire; costa percurrent; wide, 60-100 /z upper cells rather lax, linear-rhomboidal, 12-15 laxer toward base. Fruit not seen. (Fig. 72, H-I.) long,
appressed
when
dry, tightly imbricated
when
/JL
Dept. Solola: Svihla 2890b.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru.
At moderate
from A.
altitudes.
Unless
am much
mistaken this
collec-
tion represents a robust
form of
this species.
It is well distinguished
filiforme by the laxer upper leaf cells, percurrent costa and acute leaf points. Furthermore the leaf points when dry are spreading, not closely appressed, so that the stems lack the characteristic
julaceous appearance of A. filiforme.
9.
ACIDODONTIUM
152.
1827.
Dioicous; plants medium sized growing in dense, green tufts matted together with reddish brown radicles below; stems with numerous subfloral innovations. Leaves lanceolate, piliform acuminate, bordered; margins recurved below; costa ending below apex
Seta excurrent; cells hexagonal above, rectangular below. elongate; capsule large, suberect or nodding, ovoid, long necked; peristome double, teeth papillose, segments of endostome split into 2 divergent forks, cilia rudimentary; lid conical, short.
or
1.
ACIDODONTIUM MEGALOCARPUM (Hook.) Ren.

Bot. Belg. 31
:
&
Card., Bull. Soc.
162.
1892.
in
Bryum megalocarpum Hook,
Kunth., Syn.
PI.
Aeq. 59:
:
1822-28.
162.
Addodontium floresianum C. M.,
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31
1892.
Stems about 2 cm. high.
Leaves numerous, spirally contorted
when
dry, 3
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to a slender,
toothed, hair-like point; margins narrowly recurved near base, plane above, denticulate toward apex; costa slender, ending near base of

acumen; upper
cells
169
hexagonal, thin walled, 1-2 rows at margins not forming a distinct border, basal cells laxly narrowly linear, rectangular. Seta 2.5-3.5 cm. long; capsule ovoid-cylindric, abruptly contracted to a slender, rugose neck, small mouthed peristome teeth broad below, abruptly contracted to a long subulate point, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, forks widely divergent.
;
(Fig. 75,
D-G.)
Dept; Alta Verapaz: Standley 90878.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia.
On
trees at
moderate
altitude.
Allowing for a reasonable varia-
no appreciable difference between A. floresianum and A. megalocarpum. The conspicuous capsules and the curiously forked segments are distinctive characters.
tion in leaf outline there seems to be
10.
BRYUM
1801 in part.
Small to very large, tufted plants; stems with subfloral innovaradiculose below. Leaves usually ovate-lanceolate, often bordered with narrower cells, entire or nearly so; costa excurrent or ending in or near apex; upper cells rhomboidal. Seta terminal,
tions,
elongate; capsules clavate or pyriform, mostly horizontal or pen-
FIGURB 75
A-C, Anomobryum plicatum: A,
and margin, X270.
peristome, X54; G, capsule, X4.
plant,
Xl; B,
plant,
leaf,
X14; C, upper
leaf,
leaf cells
D-G, Acidodontium megalocarpum: D,
Xl; E,
X14; F, part
of
170
25
dulous; peristome double, usually complete, teeth 16, lanceolate, endostome with a high basal membrane bearing 16 keeled, split
segments and appendiculate

small, fugacious.
1.
cilia;
lid
convex, apiculate; calyptra
Leaves silvery white or yellow Plants green, often with a reddish or brownish tinge
2.
Plants silvery white, capsule oblong with a short neck 3. B. argenteum Plants yellow, capsule narrowly cylindrical, with a long neck. 4. B. chryseum
3.
Capsule short, with a thick, spongy neck, abruptly contracted to seta Capsule elongate, with a slender, tapering neck
4
5
4.
Capsule cylindrical, 2 Capsule subglobose,

1
mm. mm.
or
more
long, leaves 2-3
mm.
long
5.
B. coronatum
long
6 7
1.
or less long, leaves about 1.5
mm.
6.
B. microbalanum
5.
Leaves bluntly pointed Leaves acuminate Leaves not bordered, ovate-lanceolate Leaves strongly bordered, orbicular-oval
6.
2.
B. Crugeri B. mnioides
7.
Very robust
plants, stems to 12 or 15 cm. long, leaves long decurrent

13.
B. procerum
8
Stems shorter, seldom over 3-4 cm. long, leaves scarcely decurrent
8.
Leaf Leaf
cells lax,
thin-walled
thick-walled
9.
8.
B. capillare
9
cells firm,
9.
Costa long excurrent, synoicous Costa short excurrent, dioicous
B. cuspidatum
10
10.
Stems evenly
foliate, leaves
contorted and appressed
when dry
7.
B. pseudotriquetrum
.
.
Stems with the leaves imbricated, crowded above, often

11.
in rosulate tufts.
11
Upper leaves in conspicuous rosulate tufts, leaf cells elongate. 10. B. truncorum Upper leaves crowded but not in rosulate tufts, leaf cells short, 1:2 or less. 12
.
12.
Leaf margins with short, single teeth Leaf margins spinose-serrate, teeth often in pairs
B. Mangini 12. B. geminidens

11.
1.
BRYUM CRUGERI Hampe,
in C.
M., Syn.
300.
1849.
Dioicous; rather small, pale green, slightly glossy plants, densely tufted; stems red, branched. Lower leaves widely spreading, upper
more
erect, 1.5-2
mm.
long, oblong-ovate, concave, bluntly acute;
margins plane, subentire; costa slender, percurrent; cells narrowly rhomboidal, linear near margins, lax and broad near base. Seta 1.5-2 cm. long, slender; capsule pendulous, clavate with a tapering neck; peristome teeth dark brown, segments widely perforate along
keel, cilia appendiculate.
(Fig. 76,
A-C.)

Dept. Izabal: Standley 721*62. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30878. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29389.
171
Dept.
Distribution: Florida, Costa Rica,
On damp ground
at low altitudes.
West Indies, South America. The deeply concave, short
pointed unbordered leaves will readily distinguish this species.
2.
BRYUM MNIOIDES
574.
(Schimp.) Broth., E.
Sci.
&
P. Pflanzenfam.
3
:
1904.
Nat.
6, Ser. 3:
Webera mnioides Schimp., Ann.
204.
1876.
Fragile, brownish green plants in dense tufts or cushions. Stems to 2 cm. high, laxly foliate, with clusters of brownish, septate filaments in the upper leaf axils. Leaves contorted when dry, widely
spreading when moist, orbicular-oval, slightly concave, decurrent, obtuse or broadly rounded, bordered, subentire to faintly sinuate, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; margins erect; costa strong, brown, ending below apex; upper cells short hexagonal, 3-5 rows at margins linear with brown, incrassate walls, forming a strong border, basal
cells rectangular.
Fruit not seen.

21*51*.
(Fig. 78,
A-C.)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 28 11*, 2818.
Distribution: Guadeloupe.
FIGURE 76
A-C, Bryum Crugeri: A,
margin, X270.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, upper
X14; F,
leaf cells
and
D-G, Bryum argenteum: D, plant, Xl; E, X14; G, capsule, X8. H-L, Bryum chryseum: H, plant, Xl; I and apex of leaf, X54.
leaf,
leaf of var.
lanatum,
J, leaves,
X14; K, capsule, X8; L,
172
25
moist rocks at moderate altitudes. As these collections are the determination is questionable but the broadly ovate leaves with the costa ending below the short, blunt apex, compare favorably with the original description and with specimens from
sterile
On
Guadeloupe.
3.
BRYUM ARGENTEUM Hedw.,

?Bryum ?Bryum lagunicolum
Sp. Muse. 181.
1801.
1897.
subcorrugatum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 182.

1897.
Dioicous; small, silvery white, often densely tufted plants; stems
Leaves crowded, imbricated, broadly ovate, acuminate, costa ending below apex or excurrent in forms; upper cells entire; hyaline, narrow, basal cells quadrate, chlorophyllose. Seta slender, red, about 1 cm. high; capsule pendulous, oblong, short necked;
red, fragile.
peristome complete.
(Fig. 76,
D-G.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7174.3. 48928; Standley 81111, 81714, 81721. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83156, 84447. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66497, 83400, 83459, 84155; Steyermark 34625a, 34626, 34835. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 58644, 58646. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80716. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30611. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75711, 78450. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76713, 77499. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley
:
78248.
banks, rocks, trees, etc., at medium to high altitudes. A cosmopolitan species with an extensive synonymy. Many of the above collections represent the var. lanatum (P. B.) Bry. Eur. with the costa excurrent but there are closely intergrading forms.
On
4.
BRYUM CHRYSEUM

1869.
?Bryum guatemalense Hampe,
1897.
stems to 5-6
Dioicous; plants small, yellowish, slightly glossy, densely tufted; mm. high, julaceous. Leaves closely imbricated with
spreading points, about 1 mm. long, broadly ovate, concave, slenderly acuminate, minutely denticulate toward apex; costa excurrent in a concolorous, denticulate point; upper cells linear-rhomboidal, basal Seta to 20 mm. long; capsule horicells quadrate, chlorophyllose.
zontal, cylindrical with a tapering neck; peristome complete.
76,
(Fig.
H-L.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 84815.
173
On dry bank at rather high altitude. The yellowish, terete stems with the leaf points widely spreading on all sides and the narrow capsule wij:h a tapering neck clearly distinguish this species from any form of B. argenteum.
5.
BRYUM CORONATUM
Schwaegr., Suppl.
2
:
103.
1816.
Dioicous; plants green, tufted, radiculose below; stems short, slender, rarely over 1 cm. high. Leaves numerous, erect and slightly contorted when dry, to 2-3.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
concave, entire; costa usually excurrent; cells narrowly rhomboidal, narrower toward margins but not forming a distinct border, broader
Seta slender, red, to 2 cm. or more long; capsule red, pendulous, oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, with a short, spongy, rounded neck; peristome complete. (Fig. 77, A-C.)
and shorter below.
On damp
known by
6.
Distribution: Pantropical, north to Florida. banks, rocks, etc., mostly at low altitudes.
Readily
the peculiar short necked capsules.

1909.
BRYUM MICROBALANUM
than 5
Similar to B. coronatum but smaller.

less
Plants yellowish; stems
mm.
high.
Leaves
erect, imbricated
when
dry, about
FIGURE 77
A-C, Bryum coronatum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, capsule, X8. D-F, Bryum microbalanum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, capsule, X8. G-J, Bryum pseudotriquelrum: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, apex of X54; J, upper leaf cells, X270.
leaf,
174
25
1.5
mm.
long, lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved below; costa
Seta 1-2 cm. long, slender, reddish; capsule minute, pendulous, subglobose with a short, thick, rounded neck, about 1 mm.
excurrent.
long.
(Fig. 77,
D-F.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark ^9662.
On sandy river flat at rather low altitude. These plants seem to be identical with the type collection from Mexico and are distinguished from B. coronatum by the smaller leaves and shorter, subglobose capsules.
7.
BRYUM PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM
1816.
(Hedw.) Schwaegr., Suppl.

1801.
2
:
110.
Mnium
pseudotriquetrum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 109.
Synoicous or dioicous; plants rather robust, green toward tips, Stems erect, to 5 cm. or more high. Leaves not crowded, contorted when dry, about 3 mm. long, ovatelanceolate, short pointed; margins entire or slightly toothed toward
brown and radiculose below.
apex, recurved; costa strong, reddish, percurrent or short excurrent; cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, moderately incrassate, several rows at
margins long and narrow forming a distinct border, shorter, broader and reddish at base. Seta to 4 cm. or more long; capsule subpendulous, clavate, with a long neck, to 5-6
large, complete.
(Fig. 77,
mm.
long; peristome
Dept. San Marcos:
G-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81180 (as B. bimum). Steyermark 35971.
Distribution: United States and northward, Europe, Asia.
Wet alpine meadows. These collections are sterile but the vegetative characters differ in no way from typical plants of farther north.
8.
BRYUM CAPILLARE Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 182.
1801.
?Bryum Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 183. 1897. Bryum vulcanicolum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 184. 1897.
Rather small tufted plants, green or brownish; stems rarely over cm. high. Lower leaves small, distant, upper leaves larger, crowded in a comal tuft, strongly contorted when dry, obovate, cuspidate, often serrulate above; margins recurved below; costa ending below
1
apex to long excurrent; cells broadly hexagonal, thin walled, 2 or 3 rows at margins long and narrow forming a distinct border. Seta
BARTRAM: MOSSES 6F GUATEMALA
175
to 3 cm. long; capsule large, often curved, cylindric with a tapering
neck; peristome large, complete.
(Fig. 79,
A-D.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39807. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81087d; Steyermark ^9130, 50268b. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36086, 36097, 36103. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34139, 34630 (as Brachymenium spirifolium?) ; Standley 67627 (as Bryum erythroneurori), 8^225, 86005. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 587^0 (as Brachymenium spirifolium?) Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80601a. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75163, 75671.
: .
On damp banks, meadows, walls, etc., at medium to high altitudes.

The
strongly contorted leaves, often spirally twisted when dry, with broad, thin walled cells may usually be relied upon to distinguish this widespread, variable species. No. 36103 cited above is synoicous
and represents the form usually referred to as var. torquescens (Bry. Eur.) which, as Andrews remarks in his recent treatment of the
species north of Mexico, differs only in the synoicous inflorescence.
9.
BRYUM CUSPIDATUM
1876.
(Bry. Eur.)
Schimp., Syn.
1839.
(Ed. 2) 430.
Bryum bimum
radiculose.
var. cuspidatum Bry. Eur. fasc. 6/9: 50.
Synoicous; small, tufted plants.
Stems to 5
mm.
high, sparingly
Leaves
erect,
flexuous and
slightly
spreading
when
FIGURE 78 A-C, Bryum mnioides: A,

margin, XllO.
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X18; C, upper
X14; F, apex
leaf cells
and
X66.
D-F, Bryum cuspidatum: D,
plant,
XI; E,
leaf,
of leaf,
176
25
moist, to 4
mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved below, denticulate toward apex; costa long excurrent in a slightly denticulate arista; upper cells linear-rhomboidal, narrower in several rows at margins forming an indistinct border, basal cells oblong, lax, often tinged with red. Seta slender, red, to 3 cm. long; capsules pendulous, ovoid-cylindrical, reddish brown. (Fig. 78,
D-F.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 5156, 5158.
Distribution United States and Canada.

:
On soil at low altitudes. These records are far to the south of the range previously credited to the species in North America but
they seem to be typical in
all
essential particulars.
10.
BRYUM TRUNCORUM
Bryum Bryum
Brid., Sp.
Muse.
3: 50.
1
:
1817.
1822.
andicola Hook, in Kunth, Syn, PI. Aeq.
58.
streptorhodon C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 179.
1897.
Dioicous; plants usually in dense tufts, green or yellowish above; stems to 3 cm. high, radiculose below. Leaves contorted when dry, distant below, the upper crowded in a dense, rosulate tuft, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, obovate, short acuminate, usually with numerous
brown, septate, cylindrical, papillose propagula in the axils; margins recurved below, toothed above; costa short excurrent; cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-3 rows at margins linear and incrassate forming a distinct border. Seta 1 or 2 from the same perichaetium, 2 cm.
or
more
long; capsule large,
subpendulous; peristome complete.
(Fig. 79,
E-H.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81717, 82553. Dept. San Marcos: Standley Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65886a, 65888, 83103. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65558, 83396, 83805, 85736, 86065; Steyermark 34241. Dept. Suchitepequez Steyermark 46712. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 59499, 63077. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 60068, 8003 8a, 80152, 80323. Dept. El Progresso:
66247b.
: :
Steyermark 43698. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42640. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30592. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 76320. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32263, 32482, 32495, 32816; Standley 76571. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78097, 78101.
Distribution: Texas and Arizona, Mexico,
West
Indies,
South
America, also
wide
in southern hemisphere.
On banks, trees, logs, etc., mostly at medium altitudes. I have followed Andrews' interpretation of this species, which seems a very happy solution of a complex problem. The complete synonymy is
evidently very extensive.

11.
177
BRYUM MANGINI Ren. &
1909.
Robust densely tufted plants; stems to 5 cm. high, evenly and densely foliate, matted together with reddish brown tomentum. Leaves contorted when dry, obovate, short pointed, to 3.5 mm. long,
1.5
mm.
wide; margins strongly revolute nearly to apex, bluntly
serrulate above; costa percurrent; cells short oval-hexagonal, in-
more than twice as long as wide, narrower toward margins but not forming a distinct border, larger and yellowish at base. Seta solitary, slender, 2-3 cm. long; capsule nodding or horizontal, cylindrical with a tapering neck, 4-5 mm. long; peristome complete, endostome with a high basal membrane, cilia 2-3, short, nodose or weakly appendiculate. (Fig. 80, A-C.)
crassate, rarely
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 50185, 50268.
Standley 58739, 60962, 61857.
Dept. Chimaltenango:
On trees, logs and limestone bluffs at high altitudes. This seems to be a well marked species differing from B. truncorum in the
evenly foliate stems and unbordered leaves with shorter, more
incrassate
12.
cells.
BRYUM GEMINIDENS
1946.
Robust, densely tufted, yellowish green plants; stems to 5 cm. high, evenly foliate, densely tomentose. Leaves strongly contorted
FIGURE 79
A-D, Bryum
upper
leaf cells
capillare: A, plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X8; C, apex
of leaf,
X54; D,
and margin, X120.

E, plant, XI; F, leaf, X8; G, apex of leaf, X54;
E-H, Bryum truncorum:

H, upper
leaf cells
and margin, X120.
178
25
A-C, Bryum Mangini: A,

margin, X270. margin, X270.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X8; C, upper X8; F, upper
and
D-F, Bryum geminidens: D,
plant,
Xl; E,
leaf,
and
dry, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, obovate, abruptly apiculate; margins recurved below, plane and strongly spinoseserrate above with the teeth often paired; cells short, incrassate,
when
oval-hexagonal, about 1:2, several rows at margins long and narrow forming a distinct border; costa excurrent. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 80, D-F.)
Dept. San Marcos: Between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan Tajumulco, 3,800-4,600 m., among rocks on top of ridge leading to rocky dome, Steyermark 35519 TYPE.
alt.
Endemic.
Distinct from B.
serrate
differs
Mangini
in the plainly bordered leaves, spinose-
above with the teeth often in pairs. From B. procerum it in the leaves, which are not decurrent, and in the shorter,
incrassate areolation.
13.
BRYUM PROCERUM
1871.
Schimp., in Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 55.

in herbaria.
Rhodobryum elatissimum Bartr.
Plants large to very robust, yellowish green; stems to 15 cm. long, evenly foliate, densely tomentose nearly to tips. Leaves not crowded, contorted when dry, to 10 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, decurrent, strongly bordered; margins narrowly recurved below,
179
plane and spinose-serrate in upper half with the teeth often in pairs; costa ending below apex; cells rhomboid-hexagonal, thin walled, to 100 M long, very narrow in 3-4 rows at margins forming a distinct,
pale border, gradually laxer below. Setae 1-3 from the same perichaetium, red, to 5 cm. long; capsule horizontal, oblong-cylindric with a tapering neck, to 5 mm. long; lid conical; annulus broad,
.
compound; peristome teeth brownish, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, widely split, cilia 2-3, strongly appendiculate; spores 10-12 M (Fig. 81, A-B.)
.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81626, 81768; Steyermark Dept. San Marcos: Standley 85398, 851*820.; Steyermark 35628. capan: Standley 62711*a, 62727, 83101, 81*006, 81*1*85. Dept. Steyermark 31*071*, 31*102. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7513, 1*7562. tenango: Standley 5876 1*, 60967, 61109a, 61831.
1*8391,
5061*3.
Dept. TotoniQuezaltenango Dept. Chimal:
On damp banks, rocks, trees etc. at medium to high altitudes. In addition to the robust habit these plants are distinguished by the ovate-lanceolate, decurrent and strongly bordered leaves with the margins spinose-serrate above and the elongate, rhomboidal, thin walled cells.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Bryum pergracilescens C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 184. Bryum perminutum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 184.
1897. 1897.
is
No
material relating to either of these species
available for
comparison.
11.
RHODOBRYUM
Bryum
subg.
(Schimp.) Limpr.,
Laubm.
2: 444.
1892.
Rhodobryum Schimp., Syn. 381.
1860.
Robust
terrestrial plants, stoloniferous, in lax
mats; stems erect,
often interruptedly foliate. Lower leaves small and distant, upper leaves often crowded in rosette-like tufts, bordered, serrate above; costa strong; upper cells rhomboidal, basal cells rectangular. Seta
single or aggregated, elongate; capsules large, pendulous; peristome
complete.
1.
Leaf border 5-6 cells wide above Leaf border about 2 cells wide above
Plants yellowish, leaves oblong, little narrowed below Plants dark green tinged with red, leaves spatulate
3.
1.
2.
R. confluens
2
2.
R. utriculosum
R. Beyrichianum
180
25
FIGURE 81
A-B, Bryum procerum: A, leaf, X8; B, upper leaf cells and margin, X120. C-D, Rhodobryum Beyrichianum: C, leaf, X4; D, upper leaf cells and margin,
X120.
1.
RHODOBRYUM BEYRICHIANUM
1894-98.
(Hornsch.) Par., Ind. Bryol. 1115.

1
Mnium
Beyrichianum, Hornsch., Fl. Bras.
45.
1840.
Plants large, dark green tinged with red; stems 2-6 cm. or more Lower leaves small, upper much larger, high, radiculose below. crowded or in rosulate tufts, contorted when dry, to 12 mm. long,
6 mm. wide, broadly spatulate, short acuminate; margins slightly recurved at extreme base, plane and sharply spinose-serrate above; costa strong, percurrent; cells oval-hexagonal, thin walled, 2-3 rows at margins elongate forming a narrow distinct border. Seta 4 cm. or more long; capsule large, curved, cylindric with a tapering neck.
(Fig. 81,
C-D.)
Dept. El Progresso; Dept. Peten: Lundell 2730; Bartlett 12604, 12636. Steyermark 43530, 43780. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30843.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America. at medium altitudes. A critical study of the tropical American species is essential before the species and their respective
On ground
ranges can be limited with any satisfaction.

2.
RHODOBRYUM CONFLUENS
98.
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. 1115.
1894-
Bryum
confluens C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 179.
1897.
181
Rather small yellowish green plants, laxly tufted; stems to 6-7 cm. high, proliferous from the comal tufts. Upper leaves in small rosulate tufts, contorted when dry, to 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, obovate, short acuminate, strongly bordered; margins recurved more than
up, plane and serrulate above; costa short excurrent; upper oval-hexagonal, thin walled, 25 n wide, 50 n long, linear and incrassate in 5-6 rows at margins forming a wide, distinct border, lax and rectangular below. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 82, A-B.)
half
way
cells
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 50076 (as Bryum truncorum). Chimaltenango: Standley 57819a (as R. Beyrichianum).
Dept.
Endemic.
Wet, shaded bank at moderately high altitude. I have not seen the original collection but these specimens agree closely with the description and seem to be well distinguished by the widely bordered
leaves with short upper
cells.
3.
RHODOBRYUM UTRICULOSUM
1894-98.
(C.
M.)
Par.,
Ind.
Bryol.
1122.
Bryum
utriculosum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 180.
1897.
Plants robust, yellowish green; stems to 5 cm. high, nearly naked below. Upper leaves in large rosulate tufts, to 11 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
D
B
FIGURE 82
A-B, Rhodobryum confluens: A, leaf, X8; B, upper leaf cells and margin, X120. C-D, Rhodobryum utriculosum: C, leaf, X4; D, upper leaf cells and margin,
X120.
182
25
wide, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; margins recurved about half way up, undulate, plane and sharply serrate above; costa percurrent;
upper cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, thin walled, 1 3 or 4, one or two rows at margins elongate forming a narrow, indistinct border, basal
:
cells laxly
rectangular.
(Fig. 82,
C-D.)
Endemic.
Moist pine slopes at moderate altitude. The oblong leaves from a scarcely narrower base with the margins recurved seem clearly to separate this species from R. Beyrichianum. I have not seen the type and the determination is based on the description.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
BRYUM LATO-CUSPIDATUM
The type
is
1897.
not available and the species cannot be placed from
the description.
15.
MNIACEAE
Leaves sized, broad leaved plants in tufts or mats. the upper often in rosulate tufts, short pointed, bordered, large, serrate with single or paired teeth; costa strong; cells broadly hexagonal. Seta elongate, single or aggregated; capsules usually pendulous, oblong, short
Medium
necked; peristome double, complete, bryoid in
structure.
1.
MNIUM
1801.
;
Plants with the characters of the family.
Setae often aggregated
capsules oblong-ovoid, subpendulous; peristome double, complete, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, cilia nodose.
Leaves oblong or obovate, apiculate, marginal teeth Leaves ovate, acuminate, marginal teeth in pairs
single.
. .
.1.
M.
2.
longirostrum
M.
serratum
1.
MNIUM LONGIROSTRUM
Mnium
Brid.,
Muse. Recent. 2 3
1897.
106.
1803.
orbifolium C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 176.
stems about 2 cm. high, mats; sterile stems longer. Leaves large, to 7 mm. long, obovate, rounded above, short apiculate, bordered with 3-4 rows of narrow cells;
Synoicous; plants in loose
fertile
183
margins bluntly serrate with short, single teeth well toward base; costa percurrent; cells rounded-hexagonal with thickened corners. Seta solitary or aggregated, about 2 cm. long; capsule pendulous, oblong, urn to 3 mm. long; lid long rostrate; annulus broad; peristome
large
and well developed.
(Fig. 83,
A-D.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70050, 71629, 91392. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 1*8756. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35731, 37518. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61821. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 1*31*51. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 1*2388. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 3081*2. Dept. Jalapa: Steyer-
mark 32839.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan, mostly in tropical and subtropical
regions.
On banks,
and usually
2.
logs, trees, etc., at
medium
to high altitudes.
Frequent
fruiting.
MNIUM SERRATUM
Brid.,
Muse. Rec. 22
84.
1803.
Synoicous; rather slender, greenish plants, laxly tufted; stems 2 cm. high. Leaves crisped when dry, about 3 mm. long, oblong-ovate, short acuminate, with a strong reddish border, serrate with short, usually paired teeth; costa strong,
erect, simple, laxly foliate, to
smooth on back, percurrent; upper

noticeably thickened corners, basal
cells
cells
rounded-quadrate with
solitary,
more elongate. Seta
FIGURE 83
longirostrum: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X4; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X120; D, capsule, X4. E-F, Mnium serratum: E, leaf, X8; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X120.
A-D, Mnium
184
25
to 2 cm. long; capsule large, oblong-cylindric; lid rostrate; peristome
complete.
(Fig. 83,
E-F.)
Dept. Huehuetenango
:
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5711a, 35713, 35832. Steyermark 48399.
Distribution:
Wide
in
temperate North America, Europe, Asia.

in
On wet
rocks, banks and
meadows
at higk altitudes.
The
local collections are all sterile
and often poorly developed but they
surely belong here.
16.
DREPANOPHYLLACEAE
sized laxly tufted plants. Leaves in 4 rows, on both sides, very inequilateral, broad and laterally spreading convex on one side of costa, narrow and concave on the other side;
Small to
medium
costa percurrent; cells short.
Seta terminal, elongate; capsule erect;
peristome single.
1.
MNIOMALLIA
C. M., in Journ. Mus. Godeffr. 5:60.
1873-74.
foliate.
Small, slender, gregarious plants; stems branched, complanateLeaves very unequally divided by the costa, obliquely ovate,
short pointed; costa strong; cells rounded, smooth or papillose.

1.
MNIOMALLIA
1873-74.
VIRIDIS (Mitt.) C. M., Journ. Mus. Godeffr. 5: 61.

1869. 1897.
Drepanophyllum viride Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 318. Mniomallia Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 176.
Plants to 1 cm. high, dull green; stems branched, often with clustered brood filaments at tips, radiculose below, 1.5 mm. wide
Leaves numerous, obliquely inserted, to 0.7 mm. long, when moist, overlapping, very asymmetrical; margins narrowly inflexed above and minutely serrulate in upper half; costa strong, nearer the concave side, percurrent; cells rounded-quadrate with firm, pellucid walls, coarsely and diswith leaves.
oblong-ovate, acute, arcuate
tinctly papillose.
Sporophyte unknown.
(Fig. 84,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M995a.
Distribution: Brazil, Ecuador.
On log at medium altitude. This interesting and highly individual species has much the appearance of a small Fissidens to the naked
185
eye but under a microscope the oddly shaped leaves are unmistakable. I have not seen the original of M. Bernoullii but certainly the
description suggests nothing different.
17.
EUSTICHIACEAE
Slender, bright green plants in dense tufts, interwoven with brownish radicles below; stems branched. Leaves numerous, distichous, deeply carinate, ovate, cuspidate; margins erose-denticulate;
costa strong, excurrent; cells small, papillose. Seta slender, elongate; capsules suberect; peristome teeth lacking, endostome of 16 vertically
striolate segments, slightly perforate, united at base; lid long
and
slenderly beaked; calyptra cucullate.
1.
EUSTICHIA
Phyllogonium
(Brid.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 603.

Eustichia Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 674.
1827.
1869.
sect.
1.
EUSTICHIA SPRUCEANA (C. M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 153. 1900.

1897.
Diplostichum Spruceanum C. M., Hedwigia 36: 85.

?Diplostichum miradoricum C. M., Hedwigia 36: 85.
1897.
with leaves.
1
Stems to 4 cm. high, considerably branched, about 1 mm. wide Leaves spreading, with erect or incurved points, under
long,
mm.
pellucid,
deeply carinate-concave, cuspidate by the strong, excurrent costa; margins erect, finely and irregularly
denticulate; cells 8-10 n, rather obscure, papillose, several rows at margins often slightly elongate but not forming a distinct border. Seta 1.5-2 cm. long; capsule ovoid, wide mouthed, erect or curved, sulcate when dry. (Fig. 84, D-F.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35700, 35703, 36^8.
Standley 837 1*5.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, South America.
Moist
cliffs
and
bluffs at high altitudes.
The
various species
proposed by Muller in Hedwigia 1897 appear to be based on very trivial distinctions. My numerous specimens from various parts of South America look much alike and I suspect they are merely forms
of
one broadly distributed species possibly referable to E. longirostris Dr. Reimers advised me some years ago that the original (Brid.). of E. miradorica (C. M.) from Mexico could not be located in
186
25
FIGURE 84
A-C, Mniomallia
margin, X270.
viridis:
A, plant, Xl; B,
leaf,
X54; C, upper
leaf cells
and
D-F, Eustichia Spruceana: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X28; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. G-I, Rhizogonium Lindigii: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X28; I, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
Berlin but the brief description leaves
little
doubt that
it is
the
same as E. Spruceana.
18.
RHIZOGONIACEAE
below.
medium sized, densely tufted; stems erect, radiculose Leaves narrow, spreading, strongly serrate with single or paired teeth; costa strong; cells small, rounded, incrassate, smooth. Setae elongate, lateral near base of stem; capsule nodding or horizontal, curved; lid beaked; annulus present; peristome double,
Plants
complete.
1.
RHIZOGONIUM
1827.

Leaves in 2 rows, bifarious, serrate with single teeth Leaves spreading on all sides, serrate with paired teeth
1.
R. Lindigii
2.
R. spiniforme
1.
RHIZOGONIUM LINDIGII (Hampe)

328.
1869.
Mnium
Lindigii
Hampe, Ann.
Sci.
Nat.
ser.
V, 4: 345.
1865.
187
Dioicous; slender, yellowish brown, glossy plants; stems about 2 cm. high, nearly naked below, flexuous. Lower leaves small and distant, the upper numerous in 2 opposite rows, 1-1.5 mm. long,
ovate, cuspidate by the excurrent costa, not bordered, coarsely incised serrate with simple teeth. Inflorescence basal. Sporophyte
not seen.
(Fig. 84, G-I.)
Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 43289.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, British Guiana, Brazil.
On shaded
bluffs at high altitude.
The
bifarious,
unbordered
leaves distinguish this species at a glance. limit of the range as now known.
This
is
the northern
2.
RHIZOGONIUM SPINIFORME (Hedw.) Bruch, Flora 29: Hypnum spiniforme Hedw., Sp. Muse. 236. 1801.
134.
1846.
in
Normally synoicous; inflorescence basal. Plants yellowish green deep tufts, densely radiculose at base; stems to 3-5 cm. high, flexuous. Leaves numerous, not crowded, linear-lanceolate, gradu-
mm. long; margins thickened, spinose-serrate with paired teeth from near base; costa strong, toothed on back above; cells rounded, incrassate, several rows at margins in 2 layers forming a thickened border. Seta slender, flexuous, to 7 cm. long;
ally acuminate, to 8
capsule nodding or horizontal, curved; lid obliquely beaked; peristome teeth brownish, close, segments of endostome narrow from a
high basal membrane,
cilia
nodose.
(Fig. 85,
A-C.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38895, 41895. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90412, 90^21, 90433, 91420, 91662, 91667, 91962. Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 48798. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 37260. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29829, 42556, 43225. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30815.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions
reaching the southeastern United States.
On
logs, trees
and humus at low
altitudes.
Frequent and usually
fruiting.
19.
MEESEACEAE
Plants of bogs and wet places; stems erect. Leaves spreading, lanceolate, cells small, smooth; costa single, strong. Seta terminal, long; capsules curved, with a long, prominent neck; peristome double, the teeth usually blunt and shorter than the segments, cilia rudi-
mentary;
lid short, conical.
188

E
25
FIGURE 85
A-C, Rhizogonium spiniforme: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X8; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-F, Meesea longiseta: D, leaf, X8; E, capsule, X8; F, apex of leaf, X120. G-I, Anacolia laevisphaera: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, basal leaf cells, X270.
1.
MEESEA
1801.
Plants with the characters of the family. Leaves decurrent; costa ending below apex. Segments of endostome often transversely
connected.
1.
MEESEA LONGISETA Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 173.
1801.
Synoicous; plants rather densely tufted, yellowish green; stems densely radiculose below. Leaves numerous, contorted when dry, lanceolate from an ovate base, to 3-4 mm. long, acute or blunt at apex; margins entire, plane or narrowly recurved toward base; costa
ending below apex; upper cells rhomboidal, 2-4:1, rectangular toward base. Seta to 8 or 10 cm. long but often shorter; capsule curved, nodding, pyriform with a long neck; peristome teeth short, obtuse, segments of endostome much exceeding the teeth. (Fig. 85, D-F.)
M.
Distribution: Rare and local in North America, Ulei C. M.), Europe, Asia.
Honduras
(as
Terrestrial in bogs at moderate altitude. The unexpected occurrence of this species in Guatemala naturally led to a comparison with Standley's No. 56214a from Honduras, which I referred to
189
After comparing the two Central American collecand with M. longiseta I am convinced that they are identical. The leaves of M. longiseta are invariably described as plane margined but I find the basal edges are often narrowly
Ulei C.
tions with each other
M.
M.
recurved on one or both sides.
20.
BARTRAMIACEAE
Small to robust tufted plants; stems branched or with whorled Leaves usually narrow and acute; cells narrow, papillose at or near end walls. Setae short or long; capsules mostly globose and cernuous, ribbed when dry. Peristome usually double or imperfect, teeth 16, segments of endostome shorter than teeth, often poorly developed; lid convex or conical. .
subfloral innovations.
1.
Seta short, 2-3 Seta elongate
mm.
long
1.
2 3
2.
Peristome lacking, dioicous Peristome present, synoicous

Synoicous, very small plants Dioicous, plants larger
4.
2.
Anacolia Leiomela
3.
Bartramidula 4
6.
4.
Leaves plicate, at least at base, alar cells differentiated Leaves not plicate, alar cells not differentiated
Breutelia
5
3.
5.
5.
Leaves linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base Leaves lanceolate, not sheathing at base
Bartramia
Philonotis
1.
ANACOLIA
Schimp., Syn. Ed.
2,
513.
1876.
tomentum below.
Dioicous; plants fairly large, tufted, densely felted with brown Leaves appressed when dry, lanceolate; costa
stout, percurrent or excurrent; margins recurved below, plane and serrate above; cells oblong, usually papillose. Seta terminal, short;
capsules nearly erect, subglobose; peristome lacking or of 16 fragile,
rudimentary teeth.
Basal Basal
cells
elongate, lamina cells in 2 layers
1.
cells short,
lamina
cells in 1 layer
2.
A. laevisphaera A. intertexta
1.
ANACOLIA LAEVISPHAERA
23
:
(Tayl.) Flowers,
Moss
Fl. of
No. Amer.
155.
1935.
Glyphocarpus laevisphaera Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846: 56. 1846. Bartramia subsessilis Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1847: 334. 1847.
Plants yellowish green, closely tufted; stems 2-4 cm. long, branched. Leaves crowded, erect with flexuous points when dry,
190
25
mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate, sharply serrate above; costa excurrent; upper cells in 2 layers, oblong, papillose, basal cells rectangular, to 65 // long, shorter toward margins. Seta 2-3 mm. long; capsule erect, globose, 2 mm. in diameter, small mouthed; peristome none as seen; spores papillose, about 25 n. (Fig.
3-4
85, G-I.)

:
84.170.
New
Mexico, Mexico, wide in South
America.
North America as far as I know but readily known by the elongated basal leaf cells and the bistratose upper cells. The sporophyte characters are described from fruiting plants collected in Ecuador.
at high altitude.
On damp bank
Uniformly
sterile in
2.
ANACOLIA INTERTEXTA (Schimp.)

Bartramia
intertexta
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1849.
2: 699.
1879.
Schimp. in C. M., Syn.
1: 503.
Robust plants, yellowish, strongly tinged with brown, growing in extensive mats; stems slender, decumbent, to 7 or 8 cm. long,
copiously branched, densely felted with red tomentum nearly to Leaves appressed when dry, 3 mm. long, lanceolate from an tips.
ovate, plicate base, subulate-acuminate; margins strongly recurved more than half way up, serrulate nearly to base; costa excurrent; cells rounded, incrassate, in one layer, coarsely papillose, narrower
toward margins but not elongate below. Perichaetial leaves longer, setaceous pointed; seta 2-3 mm. long, curved; capsule large, globose, (Fig. 86, pale brown, glossy, diameter 3 mm.; peristome none.
A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81090, 81677, 81691, 81852, 83088a; SteyerDept. Quezaltenango: (c. fr.). Steyermark 3^764, 3^765; Standley 8^180. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1^6932.
mark 50231. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35896

On limestone rocks, banks and trees at high altitudes. Mitten confused this species with A. setifolia as explained by TheYiot. The short, rounded distinct leaf cells of A. intertexta are very distinctive.
2.
LEIOMELA
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
634.
1904.
1869.
Bartramia subsec. Leiomela Mitt, in part, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 253.
felted with
Synoicous; robust, dull yellowish green plants, densely tufted, brown tomentum below; stems erect, branched. Leaves
cells
narrow, setaceous, serrulate; costa long excurrent;
narrowly
191
Perichaetial leaves longer rectangular, papillose at apical angles. than stem leaves; seta terminal, short; capsule ovoid; lid planoconvex; peristome teeth 16, deeply inserted, endostome rudimentary.
1.
LEIOMELA BARTRAMIOIDES (Hook.)

132.
Par., Ind. Bryol. Ed. 2, 3:

1837.
1905.
Ic. PI.
Leucodon bartramioides Hook.,
Rar. 1: tab. 71.
Leaves crowded, erect-spreading when to 8 mm. long, linear-subulate from an erect, pale, oblong base; dry, margins plane, minutely serrulate nearly to base; costa excurrent, toothed on back above; upper cells oblong, obscure, coarsely papillose, basal cells linear, smooth, hyaline, brownish near insertion. Perichaetial leaves 14-16 mm. long, with long, fragile, capillary, con-
Stems to 7 cm. high.
colorous points; seta 1

long, 1.5
mm.
or less long; capsule immersed, 2.5
mm.
mm.
irregularly
wide, pale and rather cleft. (Fig. 86, D-F.)
glossy, smooth; peristome teeth
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71682. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 1*9790 (c. fr.). Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68552a. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 85997, 8601Sa. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61080.
:
1*875]*,
Distribution: Costa Rica, Jamaica, South America.
On trees at medium to high altitudes. Easily recognized by the very narrow, plane margined leaves and immersed capsules. Numer-
FIGURE 86
A-C, Anacolia interiexta: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, basal leaf cells, X270. D-F, Leiomela bartramioides: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, upper leaf cells,
X270.
G-I, Bartramia microstoma: G, plant, Xl; H,
leaf,
X8;
I,
capsule,
X8.
192
25
ous purplish or brown, naked, filiform shoots are often produced near the tips of the sterile stems. These shoots bear clusters of
rhizoids from which
grow minute
plants.
3.
BARTRAMIA
1801.
Plants erect, tufted, bright or yellowish green; stems branched. Leaves narrow, serrulate; costa strong, often excurrent; upper cells quadrate or elongate, papillose, obscure, basal cells linear, smooth. Seta short to elongate; capsules exserted, subglbbose, furrowed when dry; peristome double, single or none, endostome often rudi-
mentary.
1.
The
local species all
belong in the section Vaginella.
Perichaetial leaves to 10-12
mm.
long,
much
longer than stem leaves

3.
B. Mathewsii
2
Perichaetial leaves not differentiated

2.
Leaves erect, rigid, appressed when dry Leaves with spreading points when dry
1.
B. potosica B. microstoma
2.
1.
BARTRAMIA MICROSTOMA
1869.
Synoicous; plants compactly tufted, green above, brown below; stems 2-4 cm. high. Leaves crowded, suberect with spreading, curved points when dry, 3-5 mm. long, linear-subulate from an erect, oblong, hyaline, sheathing base, wider at shoulders than below, subula opaque, serrulate; margins narrowly recurved just above shoulders, plane above; costa obscure above, excurrent; upper cells Seta slender, 6-8 mm. long, small, oblong, obscure, papillose.
straight or curved; capsule nodding, ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, small mouthed; peristome teeth reddish brown, about 225 n long, endos-
tome rudimentary;
to 28 M long.
lid
convex with a blunt point; spores reniform,
(Fig. 86, G-I.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36116 (as B. Mathewsii). Dept Quezaltenango: Standley 66^08, 664U, 67749a. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65202.
On
shaded banks at rather high altitudes.
The sporophyte
is
very similar to that of B. potosica excepting the endostome, which appears to be constantly more rudimentary.
2.
BARTRAMIA POTOSICA Mont., Ann.
Sci.
Nat. Ser.
II, 9: 56.
1838.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green; stems 2-3 cm. high, usually simple, densely radiculose below. Leaves rigidly erect and appressed
193
when dry, fragile, points often broken off, 4-6 mm. long, abruptly linear-subulate from an erect, oblong, hyaline base, broader at shoulders than below, subula opaque, sharply serrulate; costa obscure
above, excurrent; upper cells narrowly oblong, obscure, papillose. Seta 3-6 mm. long, usually curved; capsule suberect, ovoid, glossy,
1.5-2
mm.
long; peristome double, teeth brown, segments of endosteeth; spores reniform, 22-28 M(Fig. 87,
tome shorter than

34193.
A-D.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65936.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 34192,
Distribution: Mexico, Colombia to Chile.
shaded banks and rocks at high altitudes. Noticeably distinct from B. microstoma in the rigidly erect, fragile leaves. Brotherus includes this species in the dioicous group while Mitten describes it The plants I have examined are dioicous but the as synoicous. inflorescence may be variable.
On
3.
BARTRAMIA MATHEWSII
1869.
Dioicous? Plants yellowish green above, brown below; stems simple or sparingly branched, to 3 cm. high. Leaves crowded, erect, appressed, brittle, the points often broken off, 4-6 mm. long, similar
FIGURE 87
A-D, Bartramia potosica: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X8; C, broken leaf, X8; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-G, Bartramia Mathewsii: E, plant, Xl; F, stem leaf, X8; G, comal leaf, X8. H-J, Bartramidula patula: H, two plants, Xl; I, leaf, X22; J, upper leaf cells and margin, X346.
t
194
25
in structure to those of B. potosica;
above shoulders.
Perichaetial leaves
margins narrowly recurved just much longer, 10-12 mm. long,
with long, capillary, concolorous points; capsule erect, oblong, globose; peristome imperfect, teeth none? Segments well developed.
(Fig. 87,
3551>6b,
E-G.)
San Marcos: Steyermark
355M, 36115.
Distribution: Ecuador, Peru.
Rock crevices and boulders at very high altitudes. The conspicuously long pointed perichaetial leaves are suggestive of Leiomela but the stem leaves follow the pattern of Bartramia. These collections agree perfectly with the original collection
by Mathews from
Peru.
Brotherus interprets Mitten's ambiguous description of the sporophyte to mean that the inner peristome only is present. However a single capsule in a collection from Chile on the sheet bearing the type specimen shows a short, curved seta about 4 mm. long and the teeth of the outer peristome well developed. Until this problem is clarified the peristome structure must remain in doubt.
4.
BARTRAMIDULA
Schimp., Bry. Eur. fasc. 29-30.
1846.
Small, slender plants with whorled, subfloral innovations. Leaves erect-spreading; costa percurrent; cells oblong, Seta slender, straight or curved; capsule small, subpapillose.
small, lanceolate,
globose; peristome usually lacking.

Peristome lacking
Peristome present
2..
1.
B. patula
B. Turckheimi
1.
BARTRAMIDULA PATULA
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 698.
1877-78.
Bartramia patula Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 255.
1869.
1 cm. high with several slender subLeaves erect-spreading, 1-1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; margins plane, serrate above middle; costa percurrent; cells narrowly oblong to linear, smooth to very faintly papillose. Seta 5-8 mm. long, flexuous or arcuate, slender; capsule globosepyriform, brown, rugulose, about 1.5 mm. long, mouth small;
floral
Synoicous; plants less than

innovations.
peristome lacking.
(Fig. 87,
H-J.)
Volcan de Agua; Godman
&
Salvin.
Endemic.

Evidently a rare, local species. The only plants from the Mitten Herbarium in New York.
I
195
have seen are
2.
BARTRAMIDULA TURCKHEIMI
36.
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl.
1900.
1897.
Bartramia Turckheimi C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 187.
Synoicous; small, densely tufted plants, yellowish green, matted together with brown tomentum below. Stems to 7 mm. high, tipped with 4-6 short, whorled innovations. Leaves crowded, erect-spreadto 2 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins recurved; costa excurrent in a long, denticulate hair-point; Seta curved, to 7 mm. leaf cells linear, papillose at upper ends. long; capsule globose, sulcate, 1.5 mm. in diameter; peristome double, teeth about 110 M high, broad, brownish, truncate, smooth, endostome rudimentary, fragments as long as teeth, pale yellow, minutely papillose, segments and cilia lacking; spores brown, diameter 40-45 M (Fig. 88, A-C.)
ing,
-
Endemic.
On bank
is
as the species
is a noteworthy collection from the type gathering by apparently known only
This
FIGURE 88
A-C, Bartramidula Turckheimi: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X26; C, part of peristome, X68. D-G, Philonotis Bernoullii: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X28; F, apex of leaf, X68; G, capsule, X8.
196
25
available in the
Turckheim from near Coban, Alta Verapaz, and no material is American herbaria. Muller describes the capsules
as
gymnostomous but Brotherus notes

of
(E.
&
P. Ed. 2, 10: 460) that
an unripe capsule from the type collection shows a peristome structure but only fragments of the outer peristome were seen. This observation is confirmed by Sharp's collection, which is in good fruit and shows the peristome described above. an examination
5.
PHILONOTIS
1827.
Plants of varying
subfloral branches.
size, partial to
wet places. Stems with whorled, Leaves appressed when dry, lanceolate; costa
Seta
strong, percurrent or excurrent; cells narrow, usually papillose.
elongate; capsules subglobose, cernuous, furrowed when dry; peristome double, teeth 16, segments of endostome from a high basal
membrane,
1.
cilia
well developed.
1.
Autoicous Dioicous
P. longiseta
2
2.
Stems hooked at tips Stems not hooked

Leaves obtuse, costa ending below apex Leaves acute or acuminate, costa percurrent or excurrent
Costa percurrent Costa long excurrent
.'6.
P. uncinata
3
3.
3.
P. gracillima 4 P. glaucescens
5
4.
2.
5.
Robust plants, seta erect, 2 cm. or more long Very slender plants, setae flexuous or curved,
4.
P. sphaericarpa
5.
less
than 1.5 cm. long

P. Bernoullii
1.
PHILONOTIS LONGISETA (Rich.) E. G.
Britt., Bryol. 14: 44.

1803.
1911.
Bartramia longiseta Rich, in Michx., Fl. Am. Bor. 2: 301. Bartramia graminicola C. M., Linnaea 38: 632. 1874.
2 cm. high.
Autoicous; plants green, tufted, tomentose below; stems about Leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; costa
excurrent; margins revolute, serrulate; cells linear, papillose at upper ends. Seta about 2.5 cm. long; capsule nodding, 2 mm. long. (Fig.
89,
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango
:
Standley 85907.
Distribution: Eastern and southeastern United States, Mexico.
There at moderate to rather high altitudes. no appreciable difference between P. graminicola (C. M.) and P. longiseta. If anything the setae are a little longer in the
seems to be
On damp banks

Guatemalan
character.
plants, nearly 3
197
cm. at times, but this
is
an inconstant
2.
PHILONOTIS GLAUCESCENS (Hornsch.)

Barlramia glaucescens Hornsch.,
Par., Ind. Bryol. 923. 1894.

1840.
Fl. Bras. 1: 40.
Bartramia
tenella C.
M., Syn.
1: 481.
1849.
1897.
?Bartramia scobinifolia C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 188.
Leaves Dioicous; small plants, pale green; stems slender. crowded, often subfalcate, less than 1 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; costa percurrent; margins recurved; cells linear-oblong, papillose at upper ends. Seta 1-1.5 cm. long, erect; capsule inclined, furrowed when dry. (Fig. 89, D-G.) ovoid,
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 41782; H. Johnson 1123. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark MS 92, 45815, 45817; Standley 71748. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82307; Steyermark 51169, 51170. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66247a; Steyermark 35710. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65481, 67856, 84818, 87051, 87216; Steyermark 35163. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 59357, 59957, 62177, 63285. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62053, 79724, 80852. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75584. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32135, 32916, 32990. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 77781
: :
Distribution:
T
i
FIGURE 89
A-C,
D-G,
leaf,
Philonotis longiseta: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X26; C, apex of leaf, X120. Philonotis glaucescens: D, plant, XI; E and F, leaves, X24; G, apex of
I,
X120. H-I, Philonotis gracillima: H, leaves, X24;
apex of
leaf,
X120.
198
25
rocks at low and medium altitudes. Freand widely distributed. The small leaves with the costa quent percurrent and margins recurved simplify the recognition of this
rather variable species.
On damp banks and
3.
PHILONOTIS GRACILLIMA Aongstr., Oefv. Sv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.

33: 17.
1876.
Dioicous; small, slender, green plants; stems to 1.5 cm. long. Leaves oblong-ovate, bluntly pointed, to 1 mm. long; margins plane or recurved, bluntly serrulate; costa ending below apex; cells oblong to rhomboidal, weakly papillose at upper ends. Sporophyte as in
P. glaucescens.
(Fig. 89,
H-I.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35729, 36884- Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57909, 6155k. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 62961. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark
291+13(1.
Distribution:
On damp banks at medium altitudes. This species intergrades with P. glaucescens but may usually be separated, since some of the leaves are obtusely rounded with the costa ending below the tip, and the upper cells are broader and more pellucid.
4.
PHILONOTIS SPHAERICARPA (Hedw.)

1827.
Mnium
sphaericarpum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 197.
1801.
1897.
?Bartramia chrysoblasta C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 188.
Dioicous; plants rarely over 2-3 cm. high, yellowish green, tomentose below. Leaves erect, closely imbricated, oblong-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 1.5-2 mm. long; margins revolute, sharply serrulate; costa long excurrent in a slender, spinulose point; cells Seta 2-2.5 cm. long; linear, papillose at upper ends, oblong below. furrowed when dry, 2 mm. capsule cernuous, subglobose, brown,
long.
(Fig. 90,
A-C.)
: :
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50083. 37313, 37315. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1+71+25, 1+71+87.
81+827, 81+830;
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark Steyermark 33621.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On damp banks at medium to high altitudes. Distinguished from P. glaucescens by the long excurrent costa and from P. uncinata
by the
erect leaves.

5.
199
PHILONOTIS BERNOULLII
1900.
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 265.
Bartramia Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 187.
1897.
Dioicous?
No
antheridial buds seen.
Slender, yellowish green
plants, laxly gregarious.
Stems 6-8
with 4-6 slender, Leaves appressed, under

tose,
high, erect, densely tomenwhorled innovations about 5 mm. long.
mm.
1 mm. long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins narrowly recurved; costa long excurrent in a denticulate, concolorous point; cells narrowly rec-
Seta slender, red, 12-14
tangular, papillose at upper ends, wider and laxer toward base. mm. long, flexuous or slightly curved;
capsules subglobose, about 2 mm. in diameter, sulcate when dry; peristome double, teeth acuminate, 200 yu high, segments of endos-
tome nearly as long as (Fig. 88, D-G.)

Endemic.
teeth; spores reniform, diameter 20-25 M-
Dept. Suchiate: Svihla 2872.
Dept. Guatemala: Svihla 2800, 2801.
On damp
assumed
in
soil
considerable risk
is
naming a species without authentic material for combut in this instance the plants agree so closely with the parison
I
original description that
am
reasonably confident the
name
is
correctly applied.
slender stems clothed with minute, narrow leaves, gradually tapering to a long, setaceous point formed by the excurrent costa, and the filiform, flexuous or even arcuate setae are widely
different
The extremely
from any form of P. sphaericarpa (Hedw.) Brid.
6.
PHILONOTIS UNCINATA (Schwaegr.)

1827.
Bartramia uncinata Schwaegr., Suppl.
I
2
:
Brid.,
Bryol. Univ. 2: 22.
60.
1816.
Dioicous; plants very similar to P. sphaericarpa but with the upper leaves falcate and hooked at the tips of the stems. Setae to 2.5 cm. or more long. (Fig. 90, D-E.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: H. Johnson 982.
Distribution:

This
is
On
clay bank.
it
the only collection
Guatemala but
may
prove to be
I have seen from more widely distributed locally.
200
25
FIGURE 90
A-C, Philonotis sphaericarpa: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X28; C, apex of leaf, X120. D-E, Philonotis uncinata: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X28.
F-H,
X270.
Breutelia tomentosa: F, plant,
Xl; G,
leaf,
X14; H, basal angle
of leaf,
6.
BREUTELIA
Schimp., Coroll. 85.
1856.
Dioicous; male flower discoid.
branched stems, densely

entiated at basal angles.
tufted.
Usually robust plants with erect, Leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
plicate at base; margins serrulate; cells linear, papillose, well differ-
Seta usually elongate; capsules cernuous, furrowed; peristome double, endostome with well developed segments, cilia rudimentary; lid short, convex.
1.
Leaf base erect and sheathing Leaves spreading from insertion, base not sheathing
2 3
2.
with a pocket on either side of costa 5. B. Brittoniae 6. B. deflexifolia Stems robust, leaf base plicate, without pockets
Stems slender,
leaf base sulcate, often
near shoulders
3.
Seta short, arcuate Seta elongate, straight
2.
B. subarcuata 4 B. jamaicensis
5
4.
Basal
cells quadrate across width of Quadrate alar cells few or none
leaf
3.
5.
Basal angles of leaf laxly areolate, decurrent Basal angles of leaf not as above
4.
1.
B. auriculata B. tomentosa
1.
,
BREUTELIA TOMENTOSA
Bryum tomentosum
(Sw.) Schimp., in Ind. Bryol. 155.

1806.
1894.
Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1837.
Plants yellowish green, laxly tufted; stems to 10 cm. or more long but usually shorter, variously branched, densely felted with

reddish
fertile
201
brown tomentum below, branches
in subfloral
whorls on
Leaves spreading from insertion, occasionally submm. long, narrowly lanceolate from an ovate base, secund, 3-4 slenderly acuminate; margins narrowly recurved below, distantly serrulate above; costa slender, excurrent; cells narrowly linear, incrassate, papillose above, smooth toward base, colored across insertion, very few at basal angles irregularly oblong, pellucid. Setae 1-2 cm. long; capsules nodding, ovoid, 3 mm. long. (Fig. 90, F-H.)
stems.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7107^. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35981, 36M9a, 36799a; Standley 86194, 86205, 86296, 86^00, 86^69. Dept. Totonicapan:
Standley 65919. Standley 69908.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Standley 67710.
Dept. Baja Verapaz:
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
to high altitudes. Variable but readily the spreading leaves with only a few differentiated cells recognized by at the extreme basal angles.
On wet banks at moderate
2.
BREUTELIA SUBARCUATA Mex. 60. 1871.
(C.
M.) Schp.
Bartramia subarcuata C. M., Syn. 2: 617.
1851.
branched.
Plants yellowish green; stems to 8 or 10 cm. long, copiously Leaves crowded, spreading or often subfalcate, 4 mm.
long, lanceolate
from a
short, broadly ovate, erect, slightly clasping,
plicate base, margins recurved to or
above; costa excurrent;
cells linear,
above mid-leaf, sharply serrulate sharply papillose, 4-5 rows at
basal margins lax, oblong, pellucid, extending well
up the basal
margins. Setae 4-6 mm. long, curved, reddish; capsules subglobose, 3-3.5 mm. long, not furrowed. (Fig. 91, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 83086b. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35492 (c. fr.), 36099. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67685a (as B. deflexifolia), 67701 (as B. deflexifolia), 677Ub (as B. deflexifolia), 677^9 (as B. deflexifolia), 67753 (as B. deflexifolia); Steyermark 3^163, 3^854. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61010 (as B. deflexifolia). Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80699. Dept.
Jutiapa: Steyermark 31922.
Distribution: Mexico, Colombia.
On
forested banks, trees
and rocks at high
altitudes.
fruit the short, arcuate setae are distinctive.
Sterile plants
When in may be
distinguished from B. deflexifolia by the more branched stems and the leaves often secund from a less strongly clasping base.
202
25
D
FIGURE 91
A-C,
X120.
Breutelia subarcuata: A, plant, Breutelia jamaicensis: D, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, basal angle X14; F, basal angle
of leaf, of leaf,
D-F,
X120.
Xl; E,
leaf,
3.
BREUTELIA JAMAICENSIS
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1849.
558.
1873-74.
Bartramia jamaicensis Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 265.

?Bartramia erythrocaulis C. M., Syn.
Philonotis haitensis Ren.
1: 473.
1869.
Philonotis Schlumbergeri Schimp. in Besch., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
59.
1871.
1890.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 29: 177.
Plants medium sized, yellowish or green, densely tufted; stems to 3 or 4 cm. high, densely tomentose below. Leaves closely imbricated,
appressed when dry, 2-3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate; recurved below, serrulate above; costa excurrent; upper margins cells linear, papillose, gradually shorter and broader below, basal
cells
subquadrate clear across the

capsule ovoid,
leaf.
Seta about 1.5 cm. long,
red;
nodding, strongly furrowed, 2.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 91,
D-F.)
:
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68496, 86417, 86468; Steyermark 86493. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65924. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 66798, 67076, 83383, 84576, 84579, 84642, 84761, 86765. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 35320. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61059. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42204, 42207. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31123. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32858.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Jamaica.
On damp
cells
banks, rocksând trees at
medium
to high altitudes.
A variable plant but readily known by the large area of subquadrate

extending across the leaf base.

4.
203
BREUTELIA AURICULATA
Robust
plants,
1946.
long,
green above, brown below; stems 10-12 cm.
Leaves erect-spreading, somedensely reddish tomentose below. what flexuous when dry, 4 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, gradually
slenderly acuminate, faintly plicate at base, with conspicuous, laxly areolate, decurrent auricles; margins plane, minutely serrulate nearly
to base; costa percurrent; cells narrowly linear, sharply papillose at upper ends, very lax, smooth, hyaline or brownish at extreme base,
laxly rectangular
and hyaline
A-C.)
in
the decurrent auricles.
Setae
12-14
mm.
long, flexuous, reddish; capsules subglobose, inclined,
sulcate.
(Fig. 92,
Dept. San Marcos: Finca El Porvenir along Rio Chopal, south-facing slopes of Volcan Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 m., Steyermark 37^62 TYPE.
Endemic.
me
5.
Sharply distinct from any other species of the genus familiar to in the lax basal cells and the laxly areolate, hyaline, decurrent
auricles.
BREUTELIA BRITTONIAE Ren.

161.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31:
1893.
Stems slender, branched, to 10 cm. long, densely reddish tomentose below. Leaves crowded, 3-4 mm. long, plicate, abruptly lanceo-
FIGURE 92 A-C,
X120.
Breutelia auriculata: A, plant,
Breutelia Britloniae:
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, basal angle

leaf,
of leaf,
D-F,
of leaf,
D, part
of plant,
Xl; E,
X14;
F, basal angle
X120.
204
25
from a short, erect, sulcate, closely clasping, obovate base, acuminate, points squarrose-spreading, often with a small pocket of lax cells on each side of the costa near the top of the leaf base; margins slightly recurved at leaf shoulders, otherwise plane, serrulate
late
above; costa excurrent;

1.5
cells linear, papillose
several rows at basal margins

(Fig. 92,
more
lax,
above, smooth at base, oblong and pellucid. Setae
cm. long, erect; capsules nodding, ovoid, 3 D-F.)

:
mm.
long, furrowed.
35790, 35982.
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50072. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62731, 6273 h. Dept. Chimaltenango:
Standley 61081>a.
On banks and trees at high altitudes. The characteristic little pockets or cavities of lax cells are not always evident but occur at least in some leaves of every plant examined. The slender habit and short leaf base, broader at the shoulders than below will separate it from B. deflexifolia.
6.
BREUTELIA DEFLEXIFOLIA Card., Rev. Bryol. 37:
4.
1910.
Stems to 10 cm. long, sparingly branched, densely tomentose Leaves crowded, deflexed or widely spreading, 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate from an erect, ovate, lightly plicate base, slenderly acuminate; margins recurved to about mid-leaf, serrulate above; cells narrowly linear, incrassate, papillose 5-6 rows at basal margins rectangular, lax and hyaline, forming a border nearly to the leaf
below.
long, red, stout, curved at tip; capsule pendulous, subglobose, nearly smooth; lid conical (Fig. 93, A-C.)
shoulders.
Seta erect, 7
mm.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 501 73a Steyermark J^3094.
(c.
fr.).
Dept. El Progresso:
Terrestrial at high altitudes. More robust than B. Brittoniae, the leaves larger and the margins strongly recurved below.
21.
ERPODIACEAE
Autoicous; small, delicate, soft plants, usually corticolous, growing in mats. Stems lax in structure, prostrate, branched, usually
flattened. Leaves crowded, broad, ecostate, unbordered; cells rounded-hexagonal, smooth or papillose. Sporophyte at ends of short lateral branches; seta short, erect; capsule erect, thin walled, persistent; peristome lacking or simple; calyptra mi triform, plicate.

1.
205
ERPODIUM
(Brid.) C. M., Bot. Zeit. 1:774.
1843. 1827.
Anoectangium subg. Erpodium
Plants with the characters of the family. Leaves imbricated, cells rounded, smooth or papillose. Perichaetial leaves erect; seta short; capsules erect, exserted (in our species); annulus
concave;
broad; lid nearly lobed at base.
flat;
peristome lacking; calyptra mitriform, plicate,

2. E. Pringlei E. domingense
Leaf apex acuminate, cells smooth Leaf apex rounded, cells papillose
1.
1.
ERPODIUM DOMINGENSE
(Brid.) C. M., Bot. Zeit. 1: 774.

1827.
1843.
Anoectangium Erpodium domingense Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 167.
Plants yellowish green in close mats; stems flattened, to 1.5 mm. wide with leaves, radiculose. Leaves closely imbricated when dry, oblong-lingulate, to 1 mm. long, entire, rounded at apex; cells large, Seta less than 0.5 mm. long; capsule papillose, rather obscure.
exserted, cylindrical, pale, 1
plicate,
mm. long; lid plano-convex; calyptra scabrous on the plaits, lobed at base, fugacious; spores
(Fig. 93,
25-30
M.
D-F.)
Distribution: Texas, Mexico,
West
Indies.
Usually on trees. This well known tropical American species is recorded by Steere from the department of Peten (Lundell 2325) but I have seen no collection from the local area.
2.
ERPODIUM PRINGLEI
1905.
E. G. Britt, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32: 266.
Plants tinged with brown; stems creeping, radiculose, closely applied to the substratum, branches numerous, short, blunt, subterete. Leaves closely imbricated, 1-1.3 mm. long, broadly ovate,
concave, short acuminate, entire; cells rounded-hexagonal, about 20 n, smooth, distinct, becoming wider than long below mid-leaf and smaller at margins. Perichaetial leaves erect, clasping; capsule
partly exserted, urn 1
mm.
long; spores 25-35 M-
(Fig. 93, G-I.)
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley
791>27.
On
exposed rock at low altitude.
The
collection
is sterile
and
the habit on rock unusual but otherwise the plants are indistinguishable from the corticolous specimens from Mexico.
206

22.
25
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
Stems erect
Plants growing on rocks or trees in tufts or mats.
or creeping with erect branches. Leaves crowded, hygroscopic, lanceolate; costa strong, usually percurrent; upper cells rounded,
usually papillose, elongate below. Seta terminal; capsules immersed or exserted, smooth or plicate; peristome usually present and double,
the teeth often united in pairs, segments of endostome narrow;

;
lid
generally beaked calyptra mostly mitriform or campanulate, smooth or plicate, usually pilose.
1.
Stems erect Stems creeping, often with erect branches

Calyptra small, cucullate Calyptra large, campanulate
".
3
1.
2.
Zygodon
2.
Orthotrichum
short Coleochaetium 4
cells
3.
Leaves long decurrent, spinose-tuberculate at basal angles, basal

3.
Leaves not as above

4.
Calyptra large, campanulate, not plicate, lobed at base Calyptra mitriform, usually plicate, laciniate at base
6.
Schlotheimia 5
5.
Leaves bordered below with several rows of elongated

Leaf base not bordered, basal
cells
cells,
basal cells short

5.
usually elongate
4.
Micromitrium Macromitrium
H
FIGURE 93
A-C,
of leaf,
Breutelia deflexifolia: A, part of plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X12; C, basal angle

leaf cells
X120.
D-F, Erpodium domingense: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X54; F, upper and margin, X270. G-T, Erpodium Pringlei: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X30; I, upper leaf margin, X270.
cells
and

1.
207
ZYGODON
Hook.
&
Tayl.,
Muse.
Brit. 70.
1818.
Slender, tufted plants; stems erect, dichotomously branched. Leaves lanceolate, contorted when dry, entire or serrate above; costa strong; upper cells small, rounded, incrassate. Seta terminal, elongate; capsules suberect, 8 ribbed; peristome single, double or none; calyptra cucullate, fugacious.
1.
Leaf apex rounded Leaf apex acuminate
Z. obtusifolius 2
2.
Leaves strongly squarrose-recurved when moist Leaves erect-spreading when moist
3.
Z. campylophyllus 2. Z. Reinwardtii
1.
ZYGODON OBTUSIFOLIUS Hook., Muse.
Exot., tab. 159.

1871.
1819.
Zygodon spathulaefolius Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 43.
Autoicous; plants small, in compact reddish brown tufts; stems 6-12 mm. high, branched, densely reddish tomentose below. Leaves
lingulate,
broadly rounded, to 1 mm. long; margins papillosecrenulate, recurved below; costa ending below apex, scabrous on
back; cells small, rounded-quadrate, incrassate, coarsely papillose. Seta 4-5 mm. long; capsule erect or slightly inclined, cylindrical, strongly ribbed, urn 1.25 mm. long; peristome double, teeth blunt, in 8 pairs, segments 8, as long as teeth. (Fig. 94, A-C.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: O. F. Cook
&
C. B. Doyle 255.
Distribution: Mexico, South America,
New
Zealand, Asia.
highly individual species clearly distinguished by the broadly rounded lingulate leaves with the costa ending well below the apex.
2.
ZYGODON REINWARDTII (Hornsch.)

1838.
Al. Br., Bry. Eur. 4,
mon.
9.
2 Syrrhopodon Reinwardtii Hornsch., Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. 14
700.
Zygodon
circinatus Schimp. in Besch., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
43.
1871.
Synoicous or heteroicous; tufts dense, yellowish green; stems about 2 cm. high, tomentose below. Leaves crispate when dry,
to
1.5
mm.
long,
oblong-lanceolate,
short
acuminate,
carinate,
decurrent; margins erect, coarsely and irregularly serrate near apex; costa ending in or near apex; basal cells rectangular, upper cells
rounded, incrassate, papillose. Seta 1-2 cm. high; capsule nearly cylindrical, small mouthed; peristome single, teeth 16, short and often rudimentary; spores 20-25 M(Fig. 94, D-F.)
mark
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81121,. in part. ltS119. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark S2758a.
:
Dept. El Progresso: Steyer-
208
25
FIGURE 94
A-C, Zygodon obtusifolius: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X26; C, apex of leaf, X120. D-F, Zygodon Reinwardtii: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X26; F, apex of leaf, X120. G-J, Zygodon campylophyllus: G, moist plant, Xl; H, leaf, X16; I, upper cells and margin, X270; J, capsule, X8.
leaf
Distribution: Alaska, Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
South
America, Pacific Islands, India, Africa.
On trees and banks at medium to "high altitudes. The sharply toothed apical leaf margins can usually be relied upon as a good diagnostic character for the typical form but the var. subintegriFruiting plants in good condition folius is not without difficulties. are essential for accurate determination in many of the species.
var.
SUBINTEGRIFOLIUS Malta, Monog. 122.

so.
1926.
Leaves entire or nearly

:
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 85285. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8453 Jâ. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 3^.9Hb.
Distribution: South America.
These collections
all
lack good fruit.
had determined them as
Z. Liebmannii Schimp. on account of the subentire leaves, but Dr. Grout, who has kindly examined them in the course of his studies
in this group, thinks that they
might better be referred

C. M., Syn.
1
:
here.
3.
ZYGODON CAMPYLOPHYLLUS
680.
1849.
Dioicous; stems slender, to 10 cm. high, branched, tomentose below. Leaves erect and slightly contorted when dry, squarrose-

recurved
209
when moist, 2 mm. long, lanceolate, decurrent, carinate; often slightly reflexed above, sharply serrate toward apex; margins costa ending below apex; upper cells small, rounded or angular, inSeta 5-6 mm. crassate, papillose, rectangular and smooth below. 2.5 mm. long; peristome double, teeth broad long; capsule cylindric, and blunt, in 8 pairs, segments 8, narrow; lid slenderly beaked,
curved.
(Fig. 94,
G-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81 621 a, 81732, 81743, 81749, 81801, 83088 Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84521b. (c. fr.), 83089 (c. fr.); Steyermark 48374. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58781 a.
On
long,
trees
and shaded limestone rocks
in alpine regions.
The
the leaves squarroserecurved when moist will identify this individual species with little It will almost surely be mistaken for a Leptodontium at difficulty.
slender,
much branched stems with
A pertinent query glance. Z. gracilis Wils.

first
is
how
this species differs
from
2.
ORTHOTRICHUM
1801.
Plants tufted, growing on trees or rocks; stems erect.

hygroscopic, imbricated, lanceolate,
entire;
Leaves
costa strong; mostly cells small, incrassate, papillose, rectangular below. Seta upper immersed or emergent, often 8 ribbed; terminal, short; capsules
peristome usually double, teeth 16, often in pairs, segments 8 or narrow; calyptra campanulate, plicate, often pilose.
1.
16,
Stomata superficial Stomata immersed

Capsules exserted, rupestrine plants Capsules immersed or emergent, corticolous plants
1.
O. pycnophyllum 2
2.
2.
O.
anomalum
3
3.
Upper and
perichaetial leaves toothed

4.
3.
O. Bartramii
Leaves entire
O. malacophyllum
1.
ORTHOTRICHUM PYCNOPHYLLUM Schimp.

1849.
Orthotrichum recurvans Schimp. in C. M., Syn.
in
C. M., Syn. 1: 709.

1849.
1: 709.
Orthotrichum Lozani Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 107.
1909.
3-4
Autoicous; plants to 3 or 4 cm. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, mm. long, acuminate; costa percurrent; margins recurved to
just below apex; upper cells rounded, incrassate, papillose, basal
210
25
cells linear,
nodulose, shorter and broader toward margins.
Seta
variable, to 2.5 mm. long; capsules immersed or exserted, nearly smooth or lightly ribbed in upper half, ovoid-cylindric, sulcate when
dry and empty, stomata
superficial, near middle of urn; peristome teeth in 8 pairs, papillose, segments 16, about as long as teeth, 2 cells
wide, papillose; spores 16-20
/z.
(Fig. 96,
A-C.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62666a.
On tree at high altitude. Very near 0. speciosum Nees. The only noticeable difference is in the segments of the endostome which in 0. pycnophyllum are supposed to number 16 but in some capsules I find only 8.
2.
ORTHOTRICHUM ANOMALUM Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 162.
1801.
Autoicous; densely tufted, dark green rupestrine plants. Stems cm. or more high, simple or branched. Leaves imbricated when dry, strongly hygroscopic, to 3 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, broadly acute; margins revolute, entire; costa brown, ending just below apex;
1
upper
cells
irregularly rounded,
rectangular,
thin-walled,
smooth.
incrassate, papillose, basal cells Seta 1.5 mm. long; capsules
exserted, ovoid-cylindric, tapering below, urn 2 mm. long, stomata immersed; peristome double, teeth erect when dry, faintly striolate, segments of endostome rudimentary and fragile; calyptra pilose.
(Fig. 95,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Sharp 5000a.
Distribution:
New
Mexico.
limestone boulder at high altitude.
On
significant collection
marking another long range extension to the south. These plants are associated with Grimmia apocarpa var. gracilis just as they might be in northeastern United States.
3.
ORTHOTRICHUM BARTRAMII Williams,
Bryol. 28: 76.
1925.
Mostly autoicous; small compactly tufted plants, yellowish green at tips, brown below. Stems to 1 cm. high, often branched. Leaves appressed when dry, widely spreading when moist, about
long, oblong-ovate, pinched at apex to a short, blunt, toothed point; margins recurved nearly to apex; costa ending below apex; upper cells rounded, incrassate, papillose, basal cells rectangular near
mm.
211
D
I
\A
FIGURE 95
A-C, Orthotrichum anomalum: A,

capsule,
plant,
Xl; B, capsule, X8; C, stoma
of
X270.
D-G, Orthotrichum Bartramii: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X16; F, apex of leaf, X68; G, sporophyte, XlO. H-J, Orthotrichum malacophyllum var. guatemalense: H, plant, X 1 I, leaf, X 12 J, part of peristome, X68.
;
subquadrate toward margins. Seta scarcely 1 mm. long; capsules emergent, ovoid, urn to 1.5 mm. long, ribbed, stomata immersed; peristome double, teeth papillose, paired, segments of
costa,
endostome
8; calyptra pilose.
(Fig. 95,
D-G.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 2317.
On tree trunk at moderately high altitude. An interesting range extension of this species hitherto known only from the type locality in Arizona. The Guatemalan plants are not exactly typical but the
toothed upper leaves suggest this species rather than 0. tenellum Bruch.
4.
ORTHOTRICHUM MALACOPHYLLUM Card.

var.
GUATEMALENSE
1947.
Autoicous; small dull yellowish plants tinged with brown, densely Stems to 1 cm. high, branched. Leaves contorted when dry, spreading when moist, to 3 mm. long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
tufted.
bluntly acute, carinate, decurrent; margins entire, recurved below; costa ending below apex; upper cells rounded, incrassate, minutely
212
25
papillose, basal cells rectangular with firm, pellucid, sinuose lateral walls. Seta very short; capsules immersed, oblong, urn 2 mm. long,
stomata immersed; peristome teeth paired, minutely papillose, segments of endostome 8, vertically striolate; calyptra pilose. (Fig. 95, H-J,)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 2^32, 2^5, 2^63.
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2926 a.
Endemic.
On
trees
and shrubs at moderate
altitudes.
These collections
are an exact counterpart of the Mexican species except that the segments of the endostome are uniformly vertically striolate instead
of papillose.
3.
COLEOCHAETIUM
Card., (Besch.) Ren. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 33 2 : 120. 1894.
&
Orthotrichum subg. Coleochaetium Besch., Fl. Bryol. Reun. 1879: 66. 1879.
Medium
creeping,
sized brownish green plants in lax, intricate tufts; stems branched. Leaves crowded, fragile, decurrent; costa
strong; cells uniform, rounded, small, papillose
and
pellucid, rec-
tangular and spinose in the decurrent portion. Seta short, erect; capsules exserted, 8 ribbed; peristome double; calyptra campanulate,
smooth, pilose (sporophyte not seen).
1.
COLEOCHAETIUM STANDLEYI
1944.
Probably dioicous. Plants wiry, laxly caespitose, dull sordid green, brown below. Primary stems creeping, radiculose, irregularly branched, branches up to 5 cm. long, laxly and irregularly rebranched, branches obtuse or often attenuate and radiculose at the tips, flexuous when moist, variously curved and contorted when dry. Leaves crowded, 5 ranked, appressed when dry, squarrose-spreading when moist, about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, shortly ligujate-lanceolate from an ovate base, carinate above with the points fragile and usually broken off, acute, apiculate, strongly decurrent; margins
narrowly recurved below, sharply and finely papillose-serrate above; costa brownish, strong, ending below apex; leaf cells obscure, densely papillose with sharp, salient papillae, rounded, about 10 n in diameter, in the decurrent angles large, rectangular and pellucid, strongly armed with high, spine-like tubercles up to 20 ^ long. Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 96,
D-G.)

:
213
alt.
Dept. Huehuetenango Rio Pucal, about 14 km. south of Huehuetenango, about 1,780 m., Standley 82293.
Endemic.
In this highly individual species the decurrent leaf auricles composed of large, rectangular, pellucid cells strongly armed with spinose tubercles is a striking character. The species is evidently near C. scaberrimum (Broth.) Broth, of Brazil but the plants are wiry, laxly branched and strongly contorted when dry whereas the Brazilian plants are described as rigid, densely branched with strict No specimen of C. scaberrimum is available for combranchlets. parison but it seems evident that the Guatemalan plant is distinct. It is a privilege to associate Dr. Standley's name with this unique addition to the Central American moss flora.
4.
MACROMITRIUM
Brid.,
Muse. Rec. Suppl.
4: 132.
1819.
Plants slender to robust, in dense mats; stems elongate, creeping, branches numerous, erect, densely foliate. Leaves lanceolate or costa strong; upper cells small, smooth or papillose, basal oblong; Seta smooth or scabrous; capsules exserted, cells, usually elongated. smooth or ribbed; peristome single, double or lacking; erect, ovoid,
calyptra large, mitriform, naked or pilose, deeply laciniate below; lid mostly long beaked.
FIGURE 96
A-C, Orlhotrichum pycnophyllum: A,
D-G, Coleochaetium
F, basal angle of leaf,
plant, Xl; B, leaf, X8; C, capsule, X8. Standleyi: D, part of moist plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14;
leaf cells
X120; G, upper
and margin, X270.
214
25
have been followed

1.
Grout's timely and important studies in this group (Grout 18) closely in the treatment of the local species.
cells
Stems slender, leaves rigid and appressed when dry, basal Stems more robust, leaves spreading, basal cells elongate
.1. pilose, peristome a rudimentary membrane. Calyptra naked or nearly so, peristome of 16 short teeth
short
2.
Calyptra
M. hymenostomum 2. M. filiforme
4
5
3.
3.
Capsule mouth small, puckered or plicate Capsule mouth wide, not puckered
4.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, cells incrassate Leaves Ungulate, short pointed, cells thin- walled
Capsules ribbed Capsules smooth
Seta scabrous Seta smooth
.,
4.
M. stratosum M. Richardi
6
5.
12
7 8
.7.
6.
6.
7.
Calyptra pilose, peristome teeth long, subulate-acuminate. Calyptra naked, peristome teeth short, truncate
M. homalacron M. longifolium
altituberculosum
8.
Leaves lingulate, obtuse, mucronate Leaves lanceolate, acute Leaves entire Leaves toothed above
Leaf Leaf
cells
cells
'.
5.
M.
9
11.
9.
M. M.
Podocarpi
10
10.
highly convex or mammillose smooth or slightly convex

moist.
10. 12.
9.
serrulatum
11
11. Seta
8-10
Seta 4-5
12.
mm. long, leaves squarrose-recurved when mm. long, leaves erect-spreading

pilose, leaves spirally
8.
M. punctatum M. guatemalense
pentastichum 13
Calyptra
ranked
M.
Calyptra naked, leaves not seriate

13.
Leaves ending in a long,

Leaves acuminate, not
fragile point,
mostly broken
off at
base of acumen
13.
14.
fragile
M. fragilicuspis M. cirrosum
1.
MACROMITRIUM HYMENOSTOMUM Mont., Ann.

1845.
Sci.
Nat.
3, 4: 120.
Macromitrium mexicanum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 198.
1869.
Very slender plants

at tips.
in thin mats,
brown below, yellowish green
Branches suberect, to 2 cm. long. Leaves closely imbricated when dry, 1-1.5 mm. long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate, excavate at base; margins entire, slightly recurved near base; cells nearly uniform throughout, oval, incrassate, nearly smooth above, mammillose near base. Seta 8-10 mm. long, smooth;
capsule ovoid-cylindric, puckered at mouth, 2
mm.
long; peristome

single,
215
a low, coarsely papillose cylinder representing the endostome; calyptra brown, pilose, covering capsule. (Fig. 97, A-C.)
Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80555.
Distribution: Georgia, Mexico, Costa Rica, South America.
On tree at moderate altitude. The slender, subjulaceous branches with rigidly erect leaves are very characteristic. M. filiforme (Hook. & Grev.) Schwaegr. is quite similar but has less slenderly pointed leaves, less incrassate upper cells and a different peristome.
2.
MACROMITRIUM FILIFORME (Hook.

22 :64.
1826.
Orthotrichum filiforme Hook.
&
Grev.) Schwaegr., Suppl.

1824.
&
Grev., Edinb. Journ. Sci. 1: 116.
Slender plants scarcely distinguishable from M. hymenostomum except in the sporophyte characters. Capsules noticeably plicate; peristome single, of 16 short, papillose teeth; calyptra naked or very
sparsely pilose; spores brownish, papillose, diameter to 50
98,
M-
(Fig.
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 1955, 2051.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America.
8 ROP
FIGURE 97
A-C, Macromitrium hymenostomum: A, part
C, basal leaf
cells,
of plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X22;
X270. D-G, Macromitrium stratosum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X22; F, upper and margin, X270; G, capsule, X8. H-J, Macromitrium Richardi: H, leaf, X22; I, apex of leaf, X120; leaf cells and margin, X270.
leaf cells
J,
upper
216
25
FIGURE 98
A-C, Macromitrium filiforme: A, capsule, XlO; B, calyptra, XlO; C, part of peristome, X68. D~I, Macromitrium Podocarpi: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X24; F, apex of leaf, X134; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X338; H, basal leaf cells, X338; I, capsule, X12.
On
trees at
moderately high altitudes.
well within the range of the species in
These collections are North America but are the
only records from Guatemala that I know of. calyptrae and well developed peristome teeth
it
The
sparsely pilose
will readily separate
from M. hymenostomum Mont.
3.
MACROMITRIUM STRATOSUM
1869.
12: 199.
Autoicous; plants brownish green; branches numerous, less than cm. long. Leaves crowded, erect with incurved, crispate points when dry, about 1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; margins
1
minutely crenulate above; costa percurrent; upper cells rounded, smooth, very incrassate, basal cells linear, smooth. Seta smooth, 10-15 mm. long; capsule ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, puckered around the small mouth; peristome single, of 16 papillose teeth; calyptra naked.
(Fig. 97,
D-G.)
M.
didymodon).
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 924.06 (as
On
tree at
West Indies. moderate altitude. The thick walled upper

cells
leaf cells
and the narrower basal

parison with
M.
are distinguishing characters in comRichardi as are also the sharper leaf points and
naked calyptrae.

4.
217
MACROMITRIUM RICHARDI Schwaegr.,
Suppl. 2-: 70.

:
1826.
Macromitrium Didymodon Schwaegr., Suppl. 2 2 138.
1827.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green; branches 1-1.5 cm. high. Leaves erect with inrolled points when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, broadly acute; margins papillose-crenulate above, recurved on one side below; costa ending in or below apex; upper cells small, rounded, papillose obscure, not incrassate, gradually more elongate, smooth and incrassate toward base. Seta 8-10 mm. long; capsule ovoid, ribbed, puckered and colored around the small mouth; peristome single, of 16 short, pale, papillose, paired teeth; calyptra
sparingly pilose.
(Fig. 97,
H-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 6910S.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On tree at moderate altitude. This and the preceding species are the only local representatives of the Sec. Goniostoma characterized
by capsules with a
5.
small, fleshy, highly colored, puckered
mouth.
MACROMITRIUM ALTITUBERCULOSUM
1944.
Rather robust plants in wide mats, dull olive green, brown below; branches crowded, about 1 cm. high, obtuse, densely foliate, reddish tomentose below. Leaves appressed and spirally contorted when dry, spreading when moist, about 2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, Ungulate,
concave, plicate, obtuse, short mucronate, decurrent; margins erect, crenulate above, tuberculate toothed toward insertion; costa strong, short excurrent; upper leaf cells rounded-hexagonal, not incrassate,
6-8 M in diameter, basal cells narrowly rectangular, strongly tuberculate, at the decurrent basal angles densely armed with long, spine-like tubercles. Perichaetial leaves similar but acute with the costa seta stout, 6 mm. long, smooth; capsule ovoid, urn 2 mm. percurrent; long, strongly ribbed when dry; peristome simple, teeth to 240 M long, densely and minutely papillose; calyptra naked, scabrous
above, 3.5
long; operculum 1-1.2 mm. long, conic-rostrate; spores papillose, to 30 M in diameter. (Fig. 99, A-D.)
of
mm.
Dept. Zacapa: Sierra de las Minas, oak-pine woods along the upper reaches Rio Sitio Nuevo, between Santa Rosalia and first waterfall, alt. 1,200-1,500 m., on rock, Steyermark 42274.
Endemic.
striking feature of this unusual species is the dense armature of long, spine-like tubercles at the basal angles of the leaves. I know
218
25
FIGURE 99
A-D, Macromitrium
leaf,
Xl; B, leaf, X16; C, apex of X120; D, capsule, X8. E-G, Macromitrium longifolium: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, capsule, X8. H-I, Macromitrium homalacron: H, leaf, X14; I, calyptra, X8.
altituberculosum: A, plant,
no other species with which it might be compared. The lingulate leaves, rounded and mucronate at the apex, along with the ribbed capsules distinguish it at once from any of the other Guatemalan
of
species.
6.
MACROMITRIUM LONGIFOLIUM (Hook.)

738.
Brid.,
Bryol.
Univ. 1:
1826.
1818.
Orthotrichum longifolium Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 44.
Rather robust, tawny plants, densely tufted; branches crowded, Leaves spirally contorted and foliate, to 2.5 cm. high. flexuous when dry, 4-5 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, slightly undulate above, serrulate toward apex; costa
densely
ending in or near apex; upper cells irregularly rounded, incrassate, smooth, longer in acumen and gradually elongate below, basal cells Seta 8-16 mm. long, scabrous above linear, strongly tuberculate.
or throughout; capsule oblong, ribbed, 2 mm. long; peristome double, teeth close, short, truncate, united below; lid long beaked; calyptra
naked.
(Fig. 99,
E-G.)
68^.89, 68517.
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 58753, 61080a, 61087a.
Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley

219
West Indies, South America, Galapagos Islands. On trees and damp banks at rather high altitudes. The combination of rough setae, ribbed capsules and naked calyptrae make
the identification of this species relatively easy.
7.
MACROMITRIUM HOMALACRON C. M.,

1897.
Macromitrium perundulatum Bartr.
in herbaria.
often distinctly undulate

points; calyptra pilose.
:
Plants similar in size and appearance to M. longifolium. Leaves when dry. Seta about 5 mm. long, scabrous;
(Fig. 99, H-I.)
capsule oblong, ribbed; peristome teeth with fragile, acuminate

Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 51966. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 34880. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark
35788. 32758.
Distribution: Haiti.
On
trees
and humus at high
folium this species

pilose calyptrae.
may
altitudes. Although near M. longibe distinguished by the shorter setae and
8.
MACROMITRIUM PUNCTATUM (Hook.

1:739.
1826.
Orthotrichum punctatum Hook.
&
Grev.) Brid., Bryol. Univ.

1824.
19: 297.
&
Grev., Edinb. Journ. Sci. 1: 119.
Macromitrium Sumichrasti Duby,

1867-68.
Mem.
Soc. Hist. Nat.
GeneVe
1869.
Macromitrium
reflexifolium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 211.
Branches numerous, to 1.5 cm. high, densely

erect
lanceolate,
foliate. Leaves and flexuous when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, oblong-
broadly acute to apiculate, 2-2.5 mm. long, serrate toward apex; costa percurrent or short excurrent; upper cells small, rounded, papillose, basal cells linear, tuberculose. Seta 8-12 mm. long, smooth; capsule ovoid, ribbed, 1.5 mm. long; peristome double, teeth united in a low cylinder; calyptra naked. (Fig. 100, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 89858; Steyermark 45676.
Panama, West
Indies,
South
America.
On
trees
and rocks at moderate
altitudes.
setae and the leaves decurved
when moist
The relatively long are fairly good diagnostic
characters in comparison with
M.
guatemalense.
220

e
9
25
FIGURE 100
A-C, Macromitrium punctatum: A,
X120.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X16; C, apex
of leaf,
D-G, Macromitrium serrulatum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X16; F, apex of leaf, X120; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. H-K, Macromitrium guatemalense: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X16; J, capsule, X8; K, apex of leaf, X120.
9.
MACROMITRIUM SERRULATUM
1869.
Macromitrium verrucosum

U.
Nat. Herb. 26 3
Bartr., Contr.
S.
82.
1928.
Branches 3-4 cm. high, brownish and radiculose below, yellowish Leaves 2.5-3 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, green above.
carinate, crisped when dry, squarrose-spreading when moist; margins undulate and serrulate about }/% down; costa ending just below apex; upper cells rounded, about 12 n, strongly mammillose on both surfaces, narrowly linear and tuberculose below. Seta about 1 cm.
long,
smooth; capsule ovoid, 2 mm. long, ribbed; peristome double; calyptra naked. (Fig. 100, D-G.)
-
Turckheim 6918,
71*95.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, South America.

I have seen no material of this species from Guatemala but Grout cites the two Turckheim collections by number. The above description was made from a Costa Rican collection.
10.
MACROMITRIUM GUATEMALENSE
C. M., Syn. 2: 644.
1851.
Macromitrium rhystophyllum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 198. 1897. Macromitrium subreflexum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 198. 1897.
221
Plants in dense greenish brown mats; branches erect, to 2 cm. Leaves crowded, crisped when dry, widely spreading when high. 2.5-3 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, sharply acute, minutely moist, serrulate above and often toothed near apex; costa nearly percurrent;
rounded, smooth, Seta 4-6 mm. urn brown, 2 mm. strongly ribbed, truncate, united in a cylinder about papillose cylinder about as high as (Fig. 100, H-K.) opaque, 25-28 M
upper
cells small,
incrassate, basal cells linear,
strongly tuberculose.
long, reddish; capsule oblong, long; peristome double, teeth
275 M high, endostome a pale, teeth; calyptra naked; spores
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81504, 82169, 82543, 8259Sa. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 339^3. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 59368. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 5793 8a, 80952. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 91187. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29706.
On
from
11.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Galapagos Islands. trees and rocks at medium altitudes. The shorter setae and
spreading (not deflexed) leaves will help to separate this species M. punctatum.
MACROMITRIUM PODOCARPI
1898.
Small plants in dense, trim mats, green above, brown below. Branches about 1 cm. high, densely reddish tomentose below. Leaves closely curled and twisted when dry, erect-flexuous when
moist, narrowly lanceolate, carinate, entire, sharply acute, to 2 mm. long; costa ending in or near apex; upper cells small, diameter 5-6 M, rounded, slightly incrassate, highly convex, basal cells narrowly oblong, tuberculate.
Seta 3-5 below mouth when dry, urn 1.5
mm. long; capsule ovoid, contracted mm. long, bright brown; peristome
double, teeth truncate, united in a cylinder about 225 n high, endostome as long as teeth, pale, papillose, fragile. (Fig. 98, D-I.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 20^9, 2090, 2199, 2200a.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Honduras, South America.
On
oaks at moderately high altitudes.
neat
little
moss with
The above collections pointed leaves. extreme northern limit of the range.
tightly curled,
12.
mark
the
MACROMITRIUM PENTASTICHUM
C. M., Linnaea 21
S.
186.
1848.
Macromitrium hirtellum Bartr., Contr. U.
Nat. Herb. 26
86.
1928.
Plants in yellowish green tufts; branches slender, 2-4 cm. high. Leaves crowded, recurved and usually plainly 5 ranked when moist,
222
25
FIGURE 101
pentastichum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, perichaetial leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-H, Macromitrium cirrosum: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; H, capsule, X8.
I,
A-D, Macromitrium
Macromitrium
fragilicuspis:
I, leaf,
X14.
2-3
mm.
long, oblong-lanceolate, acute to short acuminate, serrulate

cells
more than halfway down; costa short excurrent; upper

obscure, mammillose, basal cells linear, smooth.
rounded,
long,
Perichaetial leaves
longer than the stem leaves, gradually acuminate; seta 6-8
mm.
smooth; capsule short, ovoid, urn 1.5 mm. long, smooth; peristome double, teeth united in a cylinder, endostome equal to teeth in
height; calyptra pilose, deeply laciniate at base.
(Fig. 101,
A-D.)
Indies,
Distribution: Mexico, British Honduras, Costa Rica,
West
South America.
On tree at low altitude. The slender habit, short pointed, spirally ranked leaves and pilose calyptra clearly distinguish this species.
13.
MACROMITRIUM CIRROSUM (Hedw.)

1826.
Anictangium cirrosum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 42.
316.
1801.
Slender, slightly glossy, yellowish plants tinged with brown; Leaves branches 2-4 cm. high, often dichotomously branched. flexuous and crispate when dry, 3-3.5 mm. long, gradually crowded, linear-lanceolate from an erect, oblong base, acuminate, serrulate

toward apex; costa percurrent; upper
slightly incrassate,
linear, sinuose
cells small, irregularly
223
rounded,
smooth or convex, narrower
in
acumen and
Seta 8-15 mm. long or ovoid with a short neck, urn 1-1.5 mm. long, longer; capsule small, smooth or occasionally faintly ribbed; peristome double; calyptra naked. (Fig. 101, E-H.)
and tuberculose at base.
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 1+1 7tf. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70SM, 70350a, 70S85, 91596a, 92073; Steyermark M62S, 45676a, 45680. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31488 (as M. Steyermarkii)
.
South America. This is a variable distributed through tropical America and has an exspecies widely tensive synonymy. In the above series Grout thinks that No. 41746 may represent the var. stenophyllum (Mitt.) Grout and No. 31488
trees
Indies,
West
On
and rocks at medium to low
altitudes.
the var. jamaicense (Mitt.) Grout.
14.
MACROMITRIUM FRAGILICUSPIS
1909.
Card.,
Rev. Bryol. 36: 109.
Plants green, densely tufted, branches to 2 cm. high. Leaves crowded, erect and contorted when dry, 3-3.5 mm. long, narrowly lingulate, abruptly contracted to a very fragile, green, cuspidate point; costa percurrent; upper cells small, rounded-quadrate, smooth, basal cells linear, tuberculose. Seta 5-6 mm. long; capsule ovateoblong, suberect, deeply furrowed when dry; peristome rudimentary, a short, papillose membrane; calyptra unknown. (Sporophyte not
seen.)
(Fig. 101, I.) Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80664.
On trees and banks at medium altitudes. The leaf points of this curious species are so fragile that it is difficult to find a leaf intact. Micromitrium fragile Mitt, will be readily distinguished by the leaves,
which are twisted spirally around the stem when dry, and the bordered leaf base.
5.
MICROMITRIUM
Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 46.
(Mitt.) Schimp. in Besch., 1872.
Macromitrium subg. Micromitrium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.

12: 197.
1869.
foliate.
Plants similar in appearance to Macromitrium. Stems densely Leaves contorted when dry, leaf cells nearly uniform,
224
25
distinctly bordered at base with several rows of linear cells extending well up the margins. Seta elongate, smooth; capsule subcylindric;
peristome double; lid long beaked; calyptra naked, scarcely reaching the middle of the urn.
1.
Leaf points fragile, elongate, mostly broken Leaves short pointed, not fragile
off
1.
M. fragile
2 3
2.
Leaves obtuse, mucronate, spirally twisted around stem when dry Leaves acute, apiculate, variously contorted, not spirally twisted
3.
Branches short, leaves obtuse or retuse, short mucronate. Branches longer, leaves strongly apiculate
;
.2.
M.
3.
M.
mucronifolium apiculatum
4.
Leaves not or scarcely undulate Leaves undulate

.
";
4.
M. Wagnerianum 5. M. undosum
. .
1.
MICROMITRIUM FRAGILE
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1: 435.
1869.
1872-73.
Macromitrium fragile Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 218.

Micromitrium Schlumbergeri Schimp.
Mex.
47.
1871.
Slender yellowish green plants; stems branched, densely reddish tomentose below. Leaves crowded, spirally twisted around stem when dry with the points spreading, 2-3 mm. long, narrowly ovatelanceolate, gradually narrowed to a long, slender, very brittle point which is broken off on all but the uppermost leaves; costa ending
in
acumen; upper cells small, rounded, incrassate, smooth, elongate only at extreme base near costa, border of linear, incrassate cells 12-14 rows wide at base quickly narrowing upward and extending to or beyond mid-leaf. Seta 6-8 mm. long; capsule oblong-cylindric,
urn 3
mm.
long; calyptra naked, covering only upper half of urn.
(Fig. 102,
A-D.)
mark 39990.
'Dept. Peten: Lundell 2092, 2232, 2500a, 2528a, 8505. Dept. Izabal: SteyerDept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70391, 90626, 90876, 92M4. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 63^99.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
The species is in the fragile pointed leaves, closely spiraled when sharply distinct
On
trees
and rocks at low to medium
altitudes.
dry and distinctly bordered below the middle.

2.
MICROMITRIUM MUCRONIFOLIUM (Hook.

47:3.
1944.
&
Grev.) Grout, Bryol.

1
Macromitrium mucronifolium Hook.
&
Grev., Edinb. Journ. Sci.
116.
1824.
Plants growing branches erect, to 5
in extensive mats, green at tips,
brown below;
mm.
long.
Leaves crowded, spirally twisted

around stem when dry, about
1.5
225
mm.
long, carinate, Ungulate,
broadly obtuse to retuse, short mucronate, entire; costa strong, ending in mucro; cells rounded, nearly or quite smooth, slightly elongate only near insertion, 2-3 rows at basal margins linear, incrassate forming a narrow but distinct border extending only a short way up the leaf. Seta 3-6 mm. long, smooth; capsule oblongovoid, wide mouthed, urn 1.5 mm. long; peristome rudimentary; calyptra naked, covering the urn. (Fig. 102, E-G.)
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12315; Lundell 2319, 285 la, 2856.

Islands.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America, Galapagos On branches or trunks of trees at low altitudes.
Dr. Grout has
transferred this and the following species to Micromitrium
and
think justly so. It is a frequent lowland plant in tropical America and will hardly be confused with anything but M. apiculatum from which it differs in the shorter branches and more broadly pointed
leaves.
3.
MICROMITRIUM APICULATUM (Hook.) Grout,

Orthotrichum apiculatum Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 45.
Bryol. 47:
1818.
3.
1944.
Plants in dense mats, yellowish green above, brown below; branches 1.5-3 or 4 cm. long. Leaves crowded, spirally twisted around
FIGURE 102
B and C, leaves, X14; D, basal and margin, X270. E-G, Micromitrium mucronifolium: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X14; G, apex of leaf, X54. H-J, Micromitrium apiculatum: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, apex of leaf, X54.
A-D, Micromitrium
fragile:
A, plant, XI;
cells
226
25
stem when dry, 2.5-3 mm. long, Ungulate, entire, narrowed at apex to a stout apiculus; costa excurrent; upper cells small, rounded,
insertion, 6-10
becoming more incrassate below, slightly elongateând sinuose near rows at basal margins linear forming a distinct border, quickly narrowed upward and extending to about mid-leaf. Seta 6-8 mm. long; capsule ovoid with a wide mouth; calyptra naked.
(Fig. 102,
H-J.)
69-46.4,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley
71583.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On trees at medium altitudes. made above M. apiculatum may be
In addition to the distinctions
separated from M. mucronifolium the larger leaves more strongly bordered below the middle. by
4.
MICROMITRIUM WAGNERIANUM
3: 242.
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol.
Ed.
2,
1905.
Spr., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 218.
Macromitrium chimborazense
1869.
Macromitrium lamprocarpum C. M.,

? Macromitrium
Bull. Soc.
Roy. Bot. Belg. 31: 158. 1892.

1897.
orthotrichaceum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 197.
Plants yellowish green above, brown below, growing in extensive mats; branches erect, to 2.5 cm. long. Leaves crowded, spreading on all sides, strongly crisped when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, oblonglanceolate, short acuminate, entire; costa ending just below apex; cells small, rounded, incrassate, smooth, elongate only at extreme base, 8-10 rows at basal margins linear forming a distinct yellowish border quickly narrowing upward and extending to about mid-leaf. Seta stout, 6-10 mm. long; capsule large, erect, oblong-cylindric, urn brown, often glossy, 3 mm. long, smooth or faintly ribbed; lid
long beaked; calyptra naked, short, barely covering
lid.
(Fig. 103,
A-D.)
nango: Steyermark 3^232, 3^387.
Dept. QuezalteDept. Solola: Steyermark 47993. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57929, 80953. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58353, 80370.
:
Dept. Huehuetenango
Standley 82368; Steyermark 49606.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On trees and rocks at medium altitudes. A frequent species in Central America and usually richly fruited. The relatively large, lustrous capsules and the strongly curled leaves spreading on all
sides
make
recognition easy.

5.
227
MICROMITRIUM UNDOSUM
(Card.) Grout, Bryol. 47: 4.

1909.
1944.
Macromitrium undosum Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 108.
stant
Plants very similar to M. Wagnerianum and differing in no conway that I can see except in the more strongly undulate leaves.
(Fig. 103, E.)
Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 80953 (as mala: Standley 80370 (as M. lamprocarpum)
.
M. lamprocarpum). Dept. Guate-
moderate altitudes. This appears to me to be a very and I have little doubt but that eventually it will species have to be combined with M. Wagnerianum.
trees at
On
weak
EXCLUDED SPECIES
MACROMITRIUM SEMIMAHGINATUM
1897.
MACROMITRIUM CARIONIS
material
is

in
1897.
These species evidently belong
Micromitrium but no authentic
6.
SCHLOTHEIMIA
Brid.,
114.
1819.
Medium sized plants growing in extensive mats, usually lustrous and reddish brown or green at tips; branches numerous, suberect, densely foliate, tomentose. Leaves erect and usually spirally twisted around stem when dry, lanceolate or lingulate, entire; costa strong;
cells
small,
incrassate.
Seta erect; capsules erect, subcylindric,
smooth; peristome double; lid long beaked; calyptra large, cylindriccampanulate, not plicate, lobed at base, covering the capsule.
1
.
Leaf acumen linear, very fragile, mostly broken Leaves not fragile, acuminate or mucronate
off
3. S.
angustata 2
2.
Leaves rugose, lingulate, mucronate Leaves not rugose, lanceolate, acuminate
1.
S. rugifolia
2. S. sublaevifolia
1.
SCHLOTHEIMIA RUGIFOLIA (Hook.) Schwaegr., Suppl. 2 2

1826.
Orthotrichum rugifolium Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 128.
Schlotheimia Sullivantii C. M., Syn. 1: 756.
1849.
1820.
pi. 139.
and
Autoicous; branches crowded, to 2 cm. high. Leaves appressed slightly spiraled when dry, to 2 mm. long, lingulate, abruptly
228
25
FIGURE 103
A-D, Micromitrium Wagnerianum: A,

leaf,
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X18; C, apex
of
X54; D, capsule, X8. E, Micromitrium undosum: E,
leaf,
X14.
leaf,
I,
F-I, Schlotheimia rugifolia: F, plant, Xl; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
X16; H, calyptra, X8;
short mucronate, rugose above; costa strong, short excurrent; cells smooth, the upper small, rounded, basal cells linear, very incrassate,
little differentiated; seta 2-4 mm. long; urn 2 mm. long; calyptra 3-4 mm. long, capsule oblong-cylindric, pale, scabrous near apex, deeply lobed at base, covering the whole
sinuose.
Perichaetial leaves
capsule.
(Fig. 103, F-I.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70391a, 91 651 a; Steyermark ^5667. Jalapa: Steyermark 321*32, 325S2a; Standley 76566, 771*01.
Dept.
Distribution:
On
trees
commonest synonymy.
2.
and shaded rocks at low altitudes. This is by far the species in tropical America and has an extensive
SCHLOTHEIMIA SUBLAEVIFOLIA C. M., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. N. S. 4: 126. 1897.
Ital.
Glossy reddish brown plants, yellowish toward tips, growing in dense tufts or mats; branches to 3 cm. long, densely foliate, felted with reddish tomentum below. Leaves spirally twisted around stem when dry, erect-spreading when moist, to 3 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide,
229
oblong-lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed to a slender apiculus,
strongly carinate; margins plane except for a slight curvature on one
wide below, ending in apiculus; toward costa, longer diameter about 18 M, incrassate, smaller and rounded toward margins, basal cells narrowly rectangular. (Fig. 104, A-C.)
side near base; costa brownish, 50 M
upper
leaf cells obliquely oval
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 92360, 9236 la. 29947 (as S. sarcotricha)
.
Distribution: Bolivia.
moderate altitudes. Apparently near S. lancifolia Bartr. of North Carolina but more robust, with longer, broader leaves, more elongated, obliquely oval juxta costal upper leaf cells and abruptly narrowed at apex to a more pronounced slender apiculus.
trees at
On
3.
SCHLOTHEIMIA ANGUSTATA Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 223.

1869.
Schlotheimia sarcotricha C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 196.
1897.
Plants slender, brownish green, darker below, densely tufted; stems to 1.5 cm. high, densely felted with reddish tomentum below. Leaves crowded, spirally appressed with spreading points, 2-2.5 mm.
FIGURE 104
A-C, Schlotheimia sublaevifolia: A, plant, X 1 B, leaf, X 14; C, apex of D-F, Schlotheimia angnstata: D, plant, XI; E, leaf, X14; F, basal
;
leaf,
X54.
leaf cells,
X270. G-J, Helicophyllum torquatum: G, part of plant, Xl; H, I, dorsal leaf, X16; J, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
lateral leaf,
X16;
230
25
long, oblong-ovate, rather quickly contracted to a long, linear-subulate, acute, fragile point, entire, slightly rugulose; costa ending near
point of acumen; upper cells small, smooth, rounded-quadrate, often wider than long, basal cells linear, smooth, incrassate with very
narrow sinuose lumens.
Seta short; capsule narrowly cylindrical, small mouthed, slightly sulcate; lid beaked; calyptra lobed at base; peristome double. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 104, D-F.)
Distribution: Peru, Bolivia.
This highly individual species Micromitrium fragile to the naked eye but the leaf base is unbordered and the areolation quite different. Macromitrium fragilicuspis may be separated by the tuberculose basal cells and the
looks
like
On tree much
different cell structure.
23.
HELICOPHYLLACEAE
Plants growing in extensive, dense mats. Stems elongate, creeping, irregularly branched, densely tomentose on the under side. Lateral leaves in 2 opposite rows, strongly incurled when dry,
lingulate,
cells hexagonal, Dorsal leaves in 2 rows, much smaller. Sporophyte papillose. terminal on lateral branches; capsules immersed; peristome lacking.
rounded at apex, bordered; costa strong;
1.
HELICOPHYLLUM
1827.
1.
HELICOPHYLLUM TORQUATUM (Hook.)

1827.
Anictangium torquatum Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 41. 1818. Helicophyllum guatemalense C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 201.
1897.
much branched. Leaves dimorphous, lateral rows when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, lingulate, rounded at
Dioicous; plants rigid, yellowish green; stems to 4 or 5 cm. long, closely incurled
apex, narrowly bordered; costa ending below apex; cells rounded-hexagonal, unipapillate, bordered all around with a single row of narrowly linear, smooth cells. Dorsal leaves smaller, slenderly acuminate from an
ovate base, areolation more pellucid, faintly papillose. Seta very short; capsule immersed, oblong-cylindric, smooth. (Fig. 104, G-J.)

Escuintla:
231
Dept. Peten: Lundell 3523. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 1*7733. Dept. Dept. Santa Standley 89061. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29397. Rosa: Standley 77869, 78099, 78216.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
trees and rocks at low altitudes. Although rarely fruiting monotypic species is so sharply distinct that it could hardly be confused with anything else.
this
On
24.
RHACOPILACEAE
Medium
phous
leaves
leaves.
sized creeping plants with radiculose stems and dimorLateral leaves in 2 rows, contorted when dry. Dorsal
much
smaller, in 2 rows; costa strong; cells rounded.
Seta
elongate; capsules nodding, ribbed
when
dry; peristome double,
complete; calyptra cucullate, pilose.
1.
RHACOPILUM
P. Beauv., Prodr. 36.
1805.
1.
RHACOPILUM TOMENTOSUM (Hedw.)

1827.
Hypnum
tomentosum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 240.
1801.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, elongate, radiculose, freely branched.

long, contorted
growing in mats.
Lateral leaves to 2
Stems
mm.
dry, ovate, subulate by the long, excurrent costa, coarsely and sharply serrate above middle, not bordered; cells small, hexagonal, smooth or nearly so. Dorsal leaves smaller,
when
more gradually pointed,
subentire.
capsule curved, oblong-cylindric, urn 3-5 dry; lid beaked. (Fig. 105, A-D.)
Seta 1.5-3 cm. long, smooth; mm. long, ribbed when
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12251, 12516, 1261*6, 1271k, 1271*9. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71731*, 71756. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49108. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66180. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65930. Dept. Quezal:
tenango: Standley 651*50, 67271, 86151*, 86156a, 86863, 87922; Steyermark 31*81*3. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 81021, 81021*. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 61311*. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 79783. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69785, 69786b, 69791.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On trees, rocks, logs and humus at various altitudes. Widely distributed through the American tropics and quite variable.
232
25
IA
FIGURE 105 A-D, Rhacopilum tomentosum: A, plant, Xl; B,

leaf,
lateral leaf, X16; C, dorsal X16; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-G, Hedwigia ciliata: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X16; G, apex of leaf, X54. H-J, Hedwigidium imberbe: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X16; J, apex of leaf, X54.
25.
HEDWIGIACEAE
Plants usually in dense tufts or mats; stems stiff, elongated, irregularly branched, often stoloniferous; cells papillose. Seta short
to elongate; capsules erect; peristome lacking; calyptra small.
1
.
Leaves bordered Leaves not bordered

Capsules exserted, setae elongate Capsules immersed
4.
Rhacocarpus
2
3.
2.
Braunia
3
3.
Leaves with hyaline hair points Leaves not hyaline tipped
2.
Hedwigia Hedwigidium
1.
1.
HEDWIGIA
1801 in part.
Plants green, hoary, rupestrine, tufted; stems branched. Leaves Perichaetial leaves ciliate; imbricated, hyaline tipped. capsule immersed, subglobose.
closely
1.
HEDWIGIA CILIATA Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 40.

1801.
1801 (synonym).
Anictangium ciliatum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 40.
long
Autoicous; plants growing in hoary tufts; stems stiff, to 4 cm. or longer, irregularly branched. Leaves imbricated with
233
spreading points when dry, spreading when moist, to 3 mm. long, ovate, the hyaline tips conspicuous and serrulate; upper cells oblong, incrassate, papillose, inner basal cells elongate, sinuose, quadrate
toward margins. Seta terminal, very short; capsule subglobose, wide mouthed. (Fig. 105, E-G.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66^12, 88261, 85256.
On
rocks and banks at high altitudes.
These three collections
are clearly referable to the var. leucophaea Bry. Eur. having broad,
long, hyaline leaf points
and nearly plane margins.

1846.
2.
HEDWIGIDIUM
below.
Plants with the habit of Hedwigia but yellowish at tips and brown Leaves closely imbricated when dry, not hyaline tipped.
Perichaetial leaves not ciliate; capsules immersed,
gymnostomous.
1.
HEDWIGIDIUM IMBERBE (Smith) Bry. Eur.

t. 1.
fasc.
29-30,
Mon.
p. 3,
1846.
2237.
Gymnosiomum imberbe Smith, Engl. Bot.
1790-1814.
Autoicous; stems sparingly branched, to 4 or 5 cm. long. Leaves crowded, imbricated, ovate, concave, short acuminate, to 1.7 mm. long; margins revolute, irregularly crenulate near apex; upper cells narrowly oblong, incrassate, sinuose, inner basal cells linear, inPerichaetial leaves crassate, sinuose, quadrate toward margins. not ciliate; capsule immersed. (Fig. 105, H-J.) larger,
mark
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67706, 67715, 67757, 83792, 85751; SteyerSJ>2 11 a. Dept. Solola: Steyermark ^6962, W467.
New
Distribution: Mexico, South America, Europe, Africa, Australia, Zealand.
On rocks at high to very high altitudes. This species is readily separated from Hedwigia by the brownish color and concolorous leaf points but as TheYiot has remarked (The'riot 27, Pt. 3, p. 31) the
leaves are so close in structural details to those of Braunia secunda
that
it is difficult
to distinguish
them
in the absence of fruit.
3.
BRAUNIA

at tips,
1846.
Plants tufted,
yellowish
stoloniferous, irregularly branched.
brown below; stems rigid, Leaves crowded, imbricated
234
25
when
dry, ovate, plicate, entire; cells small, papillose, sinuose.
Seta
slender, elongate; capsules erect, calyptra cucullate.

Capsules globose Capsules cylindrical
gymnostomous;
lid short,
apiculate;
1.
B. squarrulosa
2.
B. secunda
1.
BRAUNIA SQUARRULOSA (Hampe)

718.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1905.
Harrisonia squarrulosa
Hampe,
Icon.
Muse.
19.
1844.
Neckera sphaerocarpa C. M., Syn. 2: 105.
1851.
Plants in intricate mats; stems freely branched, to 7 or 8 cm. long, branches curved, often flagelliform. Leaves closely imbricated
with squarrose-spreading points when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, ovate, narrowed to a slender acumen which is often hyaline at the capillary tip, concave, plicate; margins recurved about %j up, erose-denticulate near apex; upper cells oblong, incrassate, very sinuose, papillose, inner basal cells linear, quadrate or wider than long toward margins. Seta 3-4 mm. long; capsule subglobose, often slightly rugulose and constricted under mouth when dry and empty, urn 1-1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 106, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 62629, 65606, 81153, 81817, 82081, 82548, 82593, 82682a; Steyermark 5060^. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35^81, 35482b; Standley 66126, 68620. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62674, 8^35. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 85220, 86156.
On trees and rocks at medium to high altitudes. Readily distinguished from B. secunda by the shorter setae, globose capsules and the capillary leaf tips spreading or recurved when dry.
2.
BRAUNIA SECUNDA (Hook.) Bry. Eur.

Hedwigia secunda Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 46.
fasc.
29-30.
1846.
1818.
Plants dull yellowish green, laxly tufted; stems rigid, branched, Leaves crowded, closely imbricated, slightly mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ovate, acuminate, faintly plicate; margins narrowly recurved below, erose-denticulate near apex; upper cells oblong, sinuose, incrassate, papillose, inner basal
to 4 or 6 cm. long. secund near tips, to 2
cells linear,
ovoid-cylindrical,
quadrate toward margins. Seta 8-10 mm. long; capsule narrowed above, urn 1.5-2 mm. long. (Fig. 106,
D-F.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65526, 83237, 85807, 85253.

Distribution: Arizona, Mexico, Bolivia, Africa, India.
235
On shaded rocks at moderately high altitudes. These plants approach the var. Andrieuxii (Lor.) TheY. in the leaf margins narrowly recurved only near the base but I doubt if this form can be practically segregated.
4.
RHACOCARPUS
Lindb., Oefv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1863: 603. 1863.
Dioicous; plants brownish, yellow at tips; stems elongate, freely branched. Leaves imbricated when dry, concave, ecostate, usually
hair tipped, distinctly bordered; cells elongate, minutely but densely papillose, smooth and highly colored at extreme base. Seta elongate;
capsule ovoid, ribbed
when
dry,
gymnostomous.
Lindb., Oefv. K. Vet.-Akad.
1.
RHACOCARPUS HUMBOLDTII (Hook.)

Forh. 1863:603.
1863.
Hedwigia Humboldtii Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 137.
1818.
Stems pinnately branched, 6-8 cm. long or longer, branches short, Stem leaves 2-2.5 mm. long, broadly curved, cuspidate at tips. obovate, contracted above base, rounded above and abruptly pili-
FIGURE 106
A-C, Braunia squarrulosa: A, part of plant, XI; B, leaf, X16; C, capsule, X12. D-F, Braunia secunda: D, plant, XI; E, leaf, X16; F, capsule, X12. G, Rhacocarpus Humboldtii: G, leaf, X16.
236
25
ferous in a long, glossy, brownish hair point, bordered all around; margins recurved below, serrulate toward apex; cells linear, obscure, densely papillose, reddish brown and smooth at extreme base, 4-6
rows at margins smooth and pellucid forming a yellowish border merging with the colored cells at base, alar cells oblong, deeply colored, incrassate. Branch leaves similar but smaller. Seta about 1 cm. long; calyptra cucullate, naked. (Fig. 106, G.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 361^99.
Africa.
West
Indies, Central
and South America,
On moist, shaded bank at high altitude. The leaves of this moss are striking and beautiful objects under a microscope.
26.
CRYPHAEAGEAE
Autoicous; plants slender, rigid; primary stems creeping, secondary stems elongate, suberect, branched. Leaves imbricated when dry, concave, ovate or lanceolate; costa single; cells smooth or faintly papillose, oval or slightly elongate, subquadrate at basal margins. Seta short; capsules usually immersed; peristome double,
rarely single; lid conical; calyptra small, conical.
1.
Sporophyte lateral on stems and branches, nearly Sporophyte terminal on longer branches
peristome single Long, slender, pendulous plants, peristome double
sessile
2.
Cryphaea
2
2. Short, rigid plants,
1. 3.
Acrocryphaea
Dendropogonella
1.
ACROCRYPHAEA
Bry. Eur. 5 Monog. Cryph.
2.
1851-55.
Secondary stems rigid, julaceous, branched above. Leaves appressed, ovate; cells oval, incrassate. Sporophyte terminal on leafy branches of varying length. Seta short; capsules immersed; peristome single, of 16 papillose teeth.
1.
ACROCRYPHAEA GARDNERI
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1869.
2 94.
:
1874-75.
Cryphaea Gardneri Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 415.
Plants rigid, yellowish green, in lax tufts; secondary stems 2-3 cm. long, subpinnately branched. Leaves closely imbricated, 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate, short acuminate; margins recurved nearly to base of
acumen, minutely serrulate near apex; costa strong, ending about up leaf; upper cells oval, incrassate, minutely papillose, basal

cells linear
237
near costa, obliquely oval in many rows toward margins. Inner perichaetial leaves cuspidate by the long excurrent costa; capsule ovoid, immersed, peristome teeth brown, papillose. (Fig. 107,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: H. Johnson 2^3.
Panama, Cuba, South America.

It is
On
trees.
The
terminal capsules on short, leafy branches will
distinguish this species from Cryphaea. distributed but local.
apparently widely
2.
CRYPHAEA
Mohr,
in
Web., Tab. Synop. Muse.
1813.
Secondary stems slender, ascending, subpinnately branched. Leaves ovate, short pointed, entire or serrulate above; costa extending to or above mid-leaf; cells oval, smooth or faintly papillose,
incrassate.
Perichaetial leaves scarious, mostly blunt, aristate

costa;
by
the long excurrent double.

1.
capsules
ovoid,
immersed; peristome
Leaves entire or minutely denticulate Leaves irregularly serrate with coarse teeth
Leaf margins revolute Leaf margins plane
3.
4
C. intermedia
2.
3
1.
3.
Leaves ovate, upper cells elongate, costa weak Leaves broadly ovate, upper cells short, costa strong
C. filiformis 2. C. pinnata
4. C.
4.
Leaves broadly ovate, short acuminate, cells rounded Leaves ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, cells oval
5.
patens C. reticulata
1.
CRYPHAEA FILIFORMIS (Hedw.)

1801.
1827.
Neckera filiformis Hedw., Sp. Muse. 202.
Secondary stems very slender, 5-6 cm. long, laxly pinnate, branches filiform, divergent, about 1 cm. long, terete. Leaves ovate, acuminate, 1-1.5 mm. long; margins erect, minutely serrulate near apex; costa faint, ending near mid-leaf; cells linear, incrassate, 6-8 rows at basal margins short, mostly wider than long. Perichaetial leaves oblong, abruptly contracted to a long, denticulate arista formed by the excurrent costa; capsule ovoid-cylindric, urn 1.5 mm.
long; peristome double, segments as long as teeth.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 212Sc.
(Fig. 107,
D-F.)
Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 587bla, 619S6a.

Indies,
West
South America.
238
25
FIGURE 107
A-C, Acrocryphaea Gardneri: A,
branch, X8.
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, sporophyte bearing

cells
D-F, Cryphaea fillfor mis: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf margin, X270. G-I, Cryphaea pinnata: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X16; I, upper leaf margin, X270.
and and
cells
On logs mostly at high altitudes. The above numbers represent a few plants segregated from other mosses but seem to agree closely with the description. The long, narrow leaf cells are distinctive.
2.
CRYPHAEA PINNATA Schimp.
in C.
M., Syn. 2: 675.
1851.
Plants slender, reddish brown; secondary stems to 10 cm. long, laxly pinnate, branches to 3 cm. long, scarcely attenuate. Leaves 1.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, broadly ovate from a cordate base,
abruptly short acuminate; margins plane, entire or minutely crenulate near apex; costa stout, ending above mid-leaf; cells short, oval, Perichaetial incrassate, elongate only near costa at extreme base. leaves oblong-obovate, broader above, abruptly aristate by the
excurrent costa, arista minutely denticulate. Capsule ovoid, 1.25 mm. long; segments of endostome fragile, as long as teeth; annulus
broad, compound;
spores 35-40 M
-
lid
conical; calyptra 0.5
mm.
long, scabrous;
(Fig. 107, G-I.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69253, 69556a, 71021 a, 71798.
239
There will be no difficulty in filiformis but until a critical study of the numerous Mexican species is made the group cannot be resolved
trees at
altitudes.
On
medium
separating this species

satisfactorily.
from C.
3.
CRYPHAEA INTERMEDIA
C. M., Linnaea 19: 212.
1847.
Secondary stems to 7 or 8 cm. long, rigid, densely tufted, yellowish green above, dark brown below, irregularly pinnate, branches widely spreading, to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse or slightly attenuate. Stem leaves 2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, broadly ovate from a cordate base,
abruptly acuminate; margins entire, strongly revolute to base of acumen; costa slender, ending slightly above mid-leaf; upper cells small, oval, incrassate, about 10 M long, 5 n wide, basal cells linear and pellucid near costa, shorter and rounded toward margins.
Branch leaves similar but smaller.

Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 23 74.
(Fig. 109,
A-C.)
Distribution: Mexico, Ecuador?

all its local
Carpinus at moderate altitude. Distinguished from by the broadly ovate, entire leaves with the margins revolute nearly to base of acumen. The Guatemalan plants match perfectly a herbarium specimen from Ecuador named C. latiof
On bark
associates
folia Mitt.
I
suspect,
is
Either C. intermedia ranges to Ecuador or C. a synonym of Muller's species.
latifolia,
as
4.
CRYPHAEA PATENS Hornsch.
in C.
M., Syn. 2: 171.
1851.
Plants rigid, growing in dense tufts; secondary stems to 4 cm. often longer, rather coarse, laxly pinnate, branches short, spreading. Leaves erect-spreading and laxly imbricated when dry, about 2 mm. long, broadly ovate from a cordate base, short acumilong,
nate; margins strongly revolute, distinctly toothed near apex; costa

strong, ending near apex; cells small, rounded, 8-10 n, moderately incrassate. Perichaetial leaves abruptly contracted to a long, minutely denticulate arista; costa faint; capsule narrowly ovoid.
(Fig. 108,
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 66S89b. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 5887S, 6371 la. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62030b (as C. reticulata), 81074.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bolivia. trees at moderate altitudes. The broad, short pointed leaves, toothed above and the short, rounded cells scarcely longer than
On
broad are significant characters in the local group of species.
240
25
FIGURE 108
A-C, Cryphaea patens: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-F, Cryphaea reticulata: D, leaf, X14; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X270;
F, perichaetial leaf, X14.
G-H, Dendropogonella
rufescens: G, part of plant,
Xl; H,
leaf,
X16.
5.
CRYPHAEA RETICULATA
Besch., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
69.
1871.
Plants slender, yellowish green; stems to 7 cm. long, branches elongate, often attenuate. Stem leaves 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, decurrent; margins recurved below, serrate for
some distance below apex; costa ending near apex; cells oval, incrassate, the upper 2-3 times longer than wide, more elongate at extreme base. Perichaetial leaves membranous, more or less emarginate, long aristate pointed, ecostate; capsule cylindrical, urn 1.5
mm.
long; calyptra scabrous; spores 18-24

:
/*.
(Fig. 108,
D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69976a, 69981, 90368a (as C. pinnata). Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 66850. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1^7580 (as C. attenuata). Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80651+ (as C. patens).
On
trees
at
medium
to high altitudes.
More
slender
than
C. patens
the more
distinct in the narrower, longer acuminate leaves, elongated leaf cells and the broadly rounded or emarginate
and
perichaetial leaves.
3.
DENDROPOGONELLA
slender, bright reddish
in
E. G. Britt., Bryol. 9:39.
1906.
Very
growing
brown
plants, golden yellow at tips,
pendulous masses; secondary stems very long, copiously

branched.
241
Leaves lanceolate, decurrent, acuminate; costa strong, Capsules immersed; percurrent; cells smooth, oval-hexagonal.
peristome double;
lid conical;
calyptra small.
1.
DENDROPOGONELLA RUFESCENS
39.
(C.
M.) E. G. Britt, Bryol.

1844.
9:
1906.
Cryphaea rufescens C. M., Linnaea 18: 682.
Secondary stems to 20 cm. or more long, pinnately branched, branches divergent, to 1.5 cm. long. Leaves laxly imbricated with spreading points when dry, 3-4 mm. long, gradually long and finely acuminate from a lanceolate, biplicate, decurrent base; margins narrowly recurved near base, minutely serrulate toward apex; costa
slender, ending in
acumen; upper cells linear-rhomboidal, smooth, shorter and oblong at extreme base and toward basal incrassate,
margins.
Capsule ovoid, immersed; peristome segments from a low basal membrane, shorter than teeth; calyptra smooth. (Fig. 108,
G-H.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 45-4S5, W902, 50558. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5882a, 35883. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62722. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 4.3673.
FIGURE 109
XI; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and A-C, margin, X270. D-F, Trachypodopsis otiophylla: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. G, Jaegerinopsis scariosa: G, leaf, X12.
Cryphaea intermedia: A, plant,
242

Distribution: Mexico, Island of St.
25
Thomas.
Epiphyte on trees, mostly at high altitudes. The ruddy color and the slender, branched stems in pendulous masses identify this
species at a glance.
27.
LEUCODONTACEAE
Fairly robust plants; secondary stems mostly laxly ascending or Leaves crowded, appendulous, simple or branched, julaceous.
pressed,
ovate,
lacking; cells
short pointed, subentire; costa single, double or mostly smooth, short, incrassate, quadrate or wider
than long in numerous rows toward basal angles. Seta short; capsules ovoid, erect, usually exserted; peristome double, endostome rudimentary; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra cucullate, usually naked.
1.
Leaf Leaf
cells papillose cells
3.
smooth
Leucodontopsis 2
1.
2.
Costa lacking Costa single, nearly percurrent
Leucodon
2.
Pseudocryphaea
I.
LEUCODON
Schwaegr., Suppl.
2
:
1.
1816.
Dioicous; secondary stems loosely tufted, sparingly branched, curved or subpendulous, brown below, green at tips. Leaves erect, concave, spreading when moist, ovate, acuminate, ecostate, plicate; cells smooth, elongate, small and rounded in many rows toward basal margins. Capsules usually exserted on a short seta.
1.
LEUCODON CURVIROSTRIS Hampe,
Ic.
Muse.
16.
1844.
Robust plants growing in tufts, yellowish green at tips, brown below; secondary stems 2-10 cm. long, sparingly branched, curved. Leaves often secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-3.5 mm. long, faintly plicate; margins plane, minutely serrulate above; cells linear, 6-8 times as long as wide, incrassate, smooth, small and rounded in many rows at basal angles. Perichaetial leaves convolute, elongate, often extending to base of capsule; seta 3-5 mm. long, straight
or slightly curved; capsule large, ovoid, small mouthed, exserted, urn 3 mm. long; lid obliquely beaked, 1 mm. long; peristome teeth
0.37
mm.
irregular,
long, pale, faintly papillose, round or reniform, to 75 /z.
endostome rudimentary; spores (Fig. 110, A-B.)

:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 5011+6; Standley 65606a, 81159, 81820. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81+521. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 663 89a.

243
On
totheca
trees,
siderably in length
rocks and logs at high altitudes. The setae vary conbut the capsules are never immersed as in L. cryp-
Hampe.
2.
PSEUDOCRYPHAEA
Bot. Club 32: 261.
E. G. Britt., Bull. Torr. 1905.
Loosely tufted, rigid plants; secondary stems freely branched,

julaceous, usually with numerous slender, short, microphyllous Leaves ovate; costa single; cells narrow. Capsules branchlets.
ovoid, long exserted.
1.
PSEUDOCRYPHAEA FLAGELLIFERA
Bot. Club 32: 261.
1905.
(Brid.) E. G. Britt., Bull. Torr.
Pilotrichum flagelliferum Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 259.
1827.
Secondary stems to 5 or 6 cm. long; branches elongate, microphyllous branchlets usually present. Leaves imbricated when dry, ovate, short acuminate; margins plane, serrulate above; costa slender, ending near apex; cells linear-rhomboidal, often faintly papillose on
FIGURE 110 A-B, Leucodon curvirostris: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14. C-E, Pseudocryphaea flagellifera: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X14; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. F-H, Leucodontopsis floridana: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X14; H, upper leaf cells,
X270.
244
25
angles.
back above, rounded, sinuose and incrassate in 10-12 rows at basal Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 110, C-E.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2220, 2221>. Escuintla: Aguilar 1720.
Dept. Izabal: Standley 7251 8a.
Dept.
West Indies, Central and South America. low altitudes. The longer branched stems, plane margined leaves and the conspicuous microphyllous branchlets readily separate this species from Leucodontopsis floridana.
On
trees at
3.
LEUCODONTOPSIS
sized
Ren.
&
Bot. Belg. 32: 177.
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. 1893.
Primary stems stems suberect, julaceous, simple or sparingly creeping; secondary branched. Leaves crowded, plicate, short pointed; margins revolute; costa single to above mid-leaf; cells narrow, papillose. Sporophyte
plants growing in lax tufts.
Medium
unknown.
LEUCODONTOPSIS FLORIDANA
1912.
Neckera (Pilotrichum?) floridana Aust., Bot. Gaz. 4: 152. 1879. Leucodontopsis plicata Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 32: 177. 1893.
1.
(Aust.) E. G. Britt., Bryol. 15: 28.
Plants pale green or brownish, not glossy; secondary stems to 2 cm. long. Leaves imbricated, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, plicate, concave, acute; margins strongly revolute nearly to apex,
denticulate at point; costa faint; cells linear, vermicular, papillose on both sides, irregularly quadrate or transversely elongated in a Septate propagula often large, conspicuous group at basal angles.
occur in the leaf
axils.
(Fig. 110,
F-H.)
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, British Honduras, Costa Rica,
Panama, West
Indies,
On
and
tree trunks at
South America. low altitudes. The habit, revolute
leaf
margins
distinctly papillose leaf cells are sharp diagnostic characters.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
FORSSTROEMIA PYCNOTHALLODES
167.
(C.
M.)
1900.
107.
DUSENIA PYCNOTHALLODES C. M., Hedwigia 36:
1897.
No
authentic material of this species
is
available.

28.
245
PRIONODONTACEAE
Dioicous; robust green plants growing in lax, deep tufts. Secondary stems simple or freely branched. Leaves fragile, the tips often broken off, lanceolate from an ovate base, coarsely toothed above;
in
costa strong; cells oval, unipapillate, differentiated at basal angles many rows. Seta short; capsules exserted, erect; peristome
double.
1.
PRIONODON
cells of cells of
C. M., Bot. Zeit. 1844: 129.
1844.

Plants brown, Plants green,
basal leaf angles elongated, lumens
1 :4
or 6.
1.
basal angles short, 1:1 or 2
P. fusco-lutescens 2. P. densus
1.
PRIONODON FUSCO-LUTESCENS Hampe, Ann.

356.
Sci.
Nat. Ser.
5,
4:
1865.
Secondary stems 8-15 cm. long, simple or forked, yellowish at Leaves crowded, the upper laxly erect when tips, brown below. dry, widely spreading when moist, 7-9 mm. long, gradually lanceolate from an ovate, plicate, decurrent base, subulate-acuminate, the
slender points very fragile, distantly serrate above; costa ending near apex; upper cells irregular, oblong or oval, mostly longer than
wide, moderately incrassate, unipapillate, basal cells linear with sinuose lateral walls, at basal angles 4-6 times as long as wide with very narrow, elongated, sinuose lumens. "Capsule shortly exserted;
lid
obliquely rostrate; peristome teeth narrow, segments narrow, sinuate on margins." Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. Ill, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 48484, 50077. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86216, 864S9, 861*55. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57826, 58741b, 58744, 60954 in part, 61111, 61115a, 6195S. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 8072S.

at a glance from P. densus
cells at
and wet banks at high altitudes. Distinguished almost by the more robust stems, brown in color with pale yellowish tips, and under a microscope by the distinctive
trees
On
the basal leaf angles.

Zeit. 2: 129.
2.
PRIONODON DENSUS (Hedw.) C. M., Bot.

Hypnum densum Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 282.
1844.
1801.
Plants green or yellowish green; secondary stems 4-25 cm. long, Leaves erect-spreading when simple or subpinnately branched.
246
25
MM
DnW**
FIGURE 111
A-C, Prionodon
leaf angle,
O/Q U O
0^1
fusco-lutescens: A, plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X8; C,
cells
at basal
X270. D-G, Prionodon densus: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, X270; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
cells at
basal leaf angle,
mm. long, linear-lanceolate from an ovate, plicate base, acuminate, often undulate when dry, coarsely and irregularly serrate to below middle; costa ending below apex; upper cells small,
moist, to 6-7
irregularly hexagonal, usually unipapillate, inner basal cells linear, many rows toward basal angles small, short, rounded or wider than
long, with angular, incrassate, porose walls.
(Fig. Ill,
D-G.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90766. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86209, 86295; Steyermark 35644, 35815, 35882, 36766. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 84297a, 84930, 84975, 84990, 85073, 85705; Steyermark 34693, 34726. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65090a. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 46952, 47014, 47239, 47566. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 60035, 60954 in part, 61836a. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58404, 80731. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 43309. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30612, 30781, 30819, 30820. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32620.
50656.
:
West
Indies, Central
and South America.

very variable species from P. fusco-
On
in size
trees at
medium
to high altitudes.
and habit but usually
easily distinguished
lutescens by the greenish coloration, more slender and more freely branched stems, shorter and more strongly toothed leaves and the
larger area of short, isodiametrical cells at the basal leaf angles. Where there is an abundance of moisture the species seems to culmi-

nate in a pendulous form with more elongated, which may be designated as follows:
247
much branched stems
var.
LUTEOVIRENS
(Tayl.) Bartr., comb. nov.

1846.
Neckera luteovirens Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846: 59.
Stems pendulous, 20-25 cm.
long, subpinnately branched.
Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7520. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35865. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58793. 60958, 61101*, 61826, 61922a, 61921*0,,
61929, 61952.
Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 3261*2.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador.
On trees at high altitudes. There seems to be no structural character peculiar to this form and I doubt that it is anything more than a luxuriant form in which environmental conditions have produced numerous intergrading phases.
29.
TRACHYPODACEAE
Dioicous; moderately robust plants, tufted; primary stems filiform, creeping, secondary stems decumbent, branched, densely foliate. Leaves lanceolate; costa single; cells elongate, obscure,
papillose.
Sporophyte
with
lateral; seta elongate; capsules erect; peris-
tome double.
Leaf
cells oval,
1
or 2 papillae over lumens
1.
Trachypodopsis
2.
Leaf
cells linear,
with numerous papillae along lateral walls
Trachypus
1.
TRACHYPODOPSIS
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45:
64.
1905.
Robust plants with a rufous tinge growing in dense masses. Leaves crowded, plicate, Secondary stems irregularly pinnate. serrulate, auriculate at base; costa ending below apex; cells elliptical, usually unipapillate over lumens, linear and smooth at base. Seta papillose; capsule erect; peristome double, segments of endostome shorter than teeth, from a low basal membrane; lid short, oblique, conic-rostrate; calyptra cucullate, naked or sparsely pilose.
1.
TRACHYPODOPSIS OTIOPHYLLA (Card.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 38:

39.
1911.
7.
Prionodon otiophyllus Card., Rev. Bryol. 37:
1910.
Secondary stems to 4 or 5 cm. long, densely matted or tufted,

pale
tawny green,
slightly glossy, with
numerous
lateral branches,
248
25
widely spreading when moist. Stem leaves crowded, laxly erect with strongly undulate, crispate points when dry, to 4 mm. long, gradually ligulate-lanceolate from an ovate, plicate, auriculate base; margins serrulate all around; costa ending below apex; cells narrowly oval or rhomboidal, with 1 or 2 small papillae over lumens, narrower and elongate toward margins, basal cells linear with sinuose lateral
walls,
smaller.
small and irregularly rounded in auricles. Fruit unknown. (Fig. 109, D-F.)
:
Branch leaves
Dept. Huehuetenango Sharp 4901.
On
log at moderately high altitude.

if
In vegetative features these
any from the widespread T. crispatula (Hook.) Fleisch. of southeastern Asia and Malaysia. Unless there is some distinction in the sporophyte I doubt if they can be separated.
plants differ little
2.
TRACHYPUS
Reinw.
&
Hornsch., Nov. Act. Acad.

1829.
2 Leop. Carol. 14 Suppl.: 708.
Plants with the characters of the family. Leaf cells minutely and densely papillose on lateral walls. Seta papillose; calyptra
pilose.
1.
TRACHYPUS VIRIDULUS
830.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1906.
1869.
Meteorium viridulum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 443.
at tips,
Plants growing in dense, feathery tufts, dull green or yellowish brown or black below; secondary stems 4-6 cm. long, sub-
pinnately branched. Leaves crowded, flexuous-spreading when dry, 2.5-3 mm. long, rather abruptly linear-lanceolate from a short,
broadly ovate base, subulate-acuminate, plicate; margins denticulate, inflexed at base; costa faint, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, obscure, with numerous small, closely spaced papillae along the lateral walls, pellucid and smooth near base. Sporophyte not seen.
(Fig. 112,
A-C.)
Dept. Solola: Standley 62361. Dept.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71091. Chimaltenango: Standley 58781, 80171.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador. trees at medium to high altitudes. The peculiarly shaped leaves and the characteristic areolation clearly differentiate this
On
species
from any other tropical American moss. have ever been collected to my knowledge.
No
fruiting plants

30.
249
PTEROBRYACEAE
Plants mostly robust and often dendroid or frondose in habit. Secondary stems often from a woody, stipitate base. Leaves spreading on all sides; costa single or double and short; cells elongate
incrassate,
erect,
porose,
usually smooth.
Seta rather short; capsules
immersed or exserted, smooth; peristome double, endostome
generally rudimentary; lid short beaked; calyptra smooth, naked.

1.
Costa short and double or lacking Costa single
2 3
5.
2.
Branch leaves spirally seriate Branch leaves not ranked Branch leaves strongly spirally Leaves not or weakly ranked
seriate
Orthostichidium
4.
Renauldia
3.
6. Orthostichopsis
4
.
4.
Branches subterete, leaves concave and closely imbricated. Leaves spreading or squarrose Leaves plicate, capsules immersed Leaves smooth, capsules exserted Leaves erect-spreading, secondary stems branched Leaves squarrose-spreading, secondary stems simple
Leaves lanceolate Leaves broadly ovate
.3.
Pterobryopsis
5
8.
5.
Pterobryum
6
7. Pireella
6.
7
1.
7.
Jaegerina
2.
Jaegerinopsis
1.
JAEGERINA
C. M., Linnaea 40: 274.
1876.
Secondary stems simple or very sparingly branched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; margins plane; costa single, slender; cells linear, smooth, alar group small. Seta slender, smooth;
widely spreading,
capsule erect; peristome simple;
lid
slenderly beaked.
1.
JAEGERINA GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
Rather robust, glossy, golden green plants growing in loose mats. Secondary stems simple, densely foliate, to 5 cm. long. Leaves squarrose-spreading moist and dry, scariose, to 5.5 mm. long, gradually lanceolate from a short, erect, broadly ovate, cordate base, keeled above; margins plane, minutely denticulate above the
cells linear,
basal portion of the leaf; costa slender, ending in the subula; upper often papillose at apical angles, gradually more elongate below, basal cells smooth, porose, alar group of subquadrate cells
small and poorly defined. Seta erect, smooth, 8 mm. long; capsule elliptical, urn 2 mm. long, abruptly contracted to seta; lid erect,
250
25
mm. long; peristome single, teeth evenly spaced, narrowly lanceolate, hyaline, minutely papillose, about 225 high; spores brown, diameter 15 M- (Fig. 112, D-F.) Dept. Izabal: Between Bananera and "La Prensa" in Montana del Mico,
slenderly beaked, 1.5
/j,
alt.
50-100 m., Steyermark 38205, 39202 TYPE; northeast of San Felipe, 100 m., Steyermark 396^8.
alt.
50-
Endemic.
very interesting addition to the Central American moss flora. J. jamaicensis E. G. Britt., the only other species recorded from
North America, is quite different, as it has shorter stems and erect-spreading leaves of a very different shape.
more
2.
JAEGERINOPSIS
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
790.
1906.
Plants similar in habit to Jaegerina but with the leaves broadly

ovate.
Costa
single, to
above mid-leaf
2. J.
1.
squarrosa
Costa double and short
J. scariosa
1.
JAEGERINOPSIS SCARIOSA (Lor.) Broth., E.

791.
&
P. Pflanzenfam.
I3
1906.
1864.
Meteorium scariosum Lor., Moost. 165.
Plants similar in habit and appearance to J. squarrosa. Leaves however ecostate or with a very short, double costa. Sporophyte
lateral;
perichaetial
leaves
convolute-clasping,
erect,
acuminate,
about half as long as seta; seta stout, erect, 4 mm. long; capsule oblong-cylindrical, urn brown, 2.5 mm. long; peristome teeth short, bluntly pointed, smooth. (Fig. 109, G.)
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2665a.
Panama.
On tree trunk at low altitude. The leaves of these plants are uniformly shortly bicostate or even ecostate; hence there is no alternative but to refer them to J. scariosa. Many of the plants show well matured fruit, so the collection has an important potential value. Steere has recorded this species from Peten (Lundell 2044)2.
JAEGERINOPSIS SQUARROSA E. G.
Britt., Bryol. 21: 48.
1918.
Secondary stems loosely tufted, yellowish green, 2-4 cm. long, unbranched. Leaves crowded, widely spreading, 2-3 mm. long, to
251
1.5 mm. wide, broadly ovate from a subcordate base, short acuminate, carinate-concave, minutely serrulate all around; costa single, often ending above mid-leaf, rarely short and double; cells linear, smooth,
laxer
angles.
and colored across insertion, scarcely differentiated at basal Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 112, G-I.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 80S 7.
Distribution: Florida, Cuba.
On tree at low altitude. The distinctions between Jaegerina and Jaegerinopsis seem to be trivial from a generic standpoint and I suspect that Jaegerina could well be used for both groups.
3.
PTEROBRYOPSIS
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45:
56.
1905.
Medium sized plants growing in lax colonies or tufts; secondary Leaves concave, ovate; costa stems branched, densely foliate. single or lacking; cells elongate, smooth, differentiated at basal angles. Capsules exserted on a fairly long seta; calyptra cucullate.
1.
PTEROBRYOPSIS MEXICANA (Schimp.)

1905.
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45:
60.
Cryptolheca mexicana Schimp. ms. in herb. Garovaglia mexicana Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 38: 226.
1899.
FIGURE 112 A-C, Trachypus viridulus: A, part of plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-F, Jaegerina guatemalensis: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X8; F, capsule, X8. G-I, Jaegerinopsis squarrosa: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X12; I, upper leaf cells
and margin, X270.
252
25
Plants rigid, yellowish green, slightly glossy; secondary stems 6-8 cm. high, irregularly pinnate above, branches subjulaceous. Branch leaves crowded, laxly imbricated when dry, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate, short acuminate, denticulate toward apex; costa faint, ending
erect,
above mid-leaf; cells linear-rhomboidal, incrassate, subquadrate in 15-20 rows at basal angles forming a large but not sharply differentiated group.
(Fig. 113,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63730. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 77500a.
Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 8107â.
On
trees at
medium
altitudes.
cave, nerved, not ranked, closely imbricated leaves
The dendroid habit and the conmake this species
easy of recognition.
4.
RENAULDIA
C. M., in Ren., Prodr. Fl. Bryol. Madag. 189. 1897.
Plants yellowish green, laxly tufted; secondary stems dendroid, branched. Leaves deeply concave, short pointed; costa none or very short and double; cells linear, smooth. Perichaetium large;
capsules immersed; peristome double, endostome rudimentary in
our species;
lid conic-rostrate.
1.
RENAULDIA COCHLEARIFOLIA (Hornsch.)

zenf.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflan-
Ed.
2,
11: 146.
1925.
Cryptotheca cochlearifolia Hornsch., in
Deppe
&
Schiede, Muse.
Mex.
Pilotrichum cochlearifolium C. M., Syn. 2: 182.
1851. 1869.
Meteorium mexicanum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 433.
Secondary stems robust, pinnately branched, 4-8 cm. long, branches widely spreading. Leaves crowded, closely imbricated, deeply concave, 2-3 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a subcordate base,
abruptly short pointed, entire; costa double, very short;
shorter, laxer,
cells linear,
and yellowish across
few and inconspicuous. late, narrowed to a linear, acuminate, denticulate point; capsule immersed on a very short seta, oblong, 1.5 mm. long; lid 0.4 mm. long; annulus broad; peristome teeth linear-lanceolate, hyaline, smooth; spores oval-oblong, 25-45 p., minutely papillose. (Fig. 113,
insertion, differentiated alar cells Perichaetial leaves 4 mm. long, ovate-lanceo-
D-E.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 339^1, 33943a, 3U232a. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63711b. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 80167a.

253
On
tree trunks at
medium
to high altitudes.
The nearly
ecostate
leaves, inconspicuous alar cells
and the deeply cucullate
leaf
apex
are good diagnostic characters.
5.
ORTHOSTICHIDIUM
Handl. 28 2
:
C. M., in K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. 19. 1895.
Laxly tufted, glossy, golden green plants; secondary stems Leaves imbricated, concave, ecostate; cells irregularly pinnate.
linear,
poorly differentiated at basal angles. Capsules immersed; peristome teeth smooth, narrow, endostome lacking; lid short,
conic-rostrate.
1.
ORTHOSTICHIDIUM PENTAGONUM (Hampe

Herb. Boiss. 5: 205.
Pilotrichum pentagonum
&
Lor.) C. M., Bull.
1897.
Lor., Bot. Zeit. 28.
Hampe &
1869. 1897.
?0rthostichidium subtetragonum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 205.
Secondary stems 4-6 cm. long, branches spreading. Leaves imbricated, usually in distinct spiral rows on the branches, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, oblong-ovate, abruptly short acuminate, ecostate, entire;
margins broadly inflexed above;
cells
very long and narrow,
in-
FIGURE 113 A-C, Pterobryopsis mexicana: A, plant, Xl; B and C, leaves, X14. D-E, Renauldia cochlearifolia: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14. F-G, Orthostichidium pentagonum: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X16.
254

and colored across
25
crassate, shorter
insertion, scarcely differentiated

(Fig. 113,
at basal angles.
Seta very short; capsule immersed.
F-G.)
Dept. Escuintla: Standley 63398.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador.
On tree at moderate altitude. The distinctions Muller draws between 0. pentagonum and 0. subtetragonum are not convincing and I imagine they will fail to hold in a critical comparison. 0. pentagonum will be readily separated from Pterobryopsis mexicana by the ecostate leaves and from Renauldia cochlearifolia by the spirally ranked branch leaves with the margins inflexed above. Apparently 0. excavatum Mitt, and 0. pentagonum are identical, but as both species were published in 1869 I am not sure which name has priority.
6.
ORTHOSTICHOPSIS
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
I3
804.
1906.
Rather robust golden green or brownish plants; secondary stems numerous, elongated, pinnately branched. Leaves concave, erect or imbricated in spiral rows; costa single, ending about mid-leaf; cells linear, small and rounded in a well defined alar group. Seta immersed in our species; peristome teeth narrow, short; capsules smooth, endostome rudimentary.
1.
ORTHOSTICHOPSIS TETRAGONA (Hedw.) Broth., E.

I
3
:
& P.
Pflanzenf.
805.
1906.
1801.
Hypnum
tetragonum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 246.
Secondary stems pendulous in tangled masses, 8-10 cm. long, generally distantly pinnate, branches divergent. Stem leaves appressed, not seriate, oblong-ovate, abruptly contracted to a long, linear-subulate point; branch leaves distinctly imbricated in 5 spiral
rows, 2
mm. long, oblong-ovate, plicate, abruptly short mucronate; margins denticulate above; costa slender, ending well above mid-leaf; cells linear, shorter and colored across insertion, small, rounded and
incrassate in a rather large, well defined alar group.
Seta very short;
capsule immersed.
(Fig. 114,
A-C.)
mark 38737, 38899, 39778,

1*5678.
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 1*6023, 1>6167; Bartlett 121*1*2. Dept. Izabal: Steyer1*1739, 1*171*5. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 1*5651,
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America. Pendulous from limbs and branches of trees at low altitudes. Often quite slender and variable in branching but easily recognized by the seriate, short pointed, plicate branch leaves.

7.
255
PIREELLA
1913.
like base.
Dioicous; secondary stems branched above from a simple, stipeUpper stem and branch leaves imbricated, ovate-lanceo-
late; costa single, strong; cells oval or elongate, alar
group often well
differentiated.
Capsules generally exserted, erect; peristome double, teeth often in pairs, smooth, endostome rudimentary, adherent to teeth; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate, pilose when young.
1.
Leaves falcate-secund, ligulate from an ovate base Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate
5.
P. falcifolia 2
2.
Upper and median Upper and median
leaf cells
narrow, elongate
1.
P. cymbifolia
3
leaf cells short, oval

2.
3.
Seta smooth, short alar cells very numerous Seta scabrous above, short alar cells few
P. pachyclada 4
4.
Capsules subglobose Capsules oblong-cylindrical
4.
3. P. Mariae P. guatemalensis
1.
PIREELLA CYMBIFOLIA
Pilotrichum cymbifolium
(Sull.)

S. 81.
1913.
Sull.,
Mosses U.
1856.
Plants growing in lax green tufts; secondary stems 2-5 cm. or more high, irregularly branched or subpinnate. Branch leaves
A-C,
C, stem
Orthostichopsis tetragona: A, part of plant,
XI; B, branch
leaf,
X14;
and and
leaf,
X14. D, plant, Xl; E,

leaf,
D-F,
Pireella cymbifolia:
X26; F, upper X26;

I,
margin, X270.
margin, X270;
G-J, Pireella pachyclada: G, plant, Xl; H, J, capsule, X8.
leaf,
upper
256
25
crowded, erect-spreading, sometimes spirally ranked, to 1.5 oblong-lanceolate, concave, short acuminate; margins
mm.
long, serrulate
nearly to base; costa percurrent; cells linear, slightly vermicular, sometimes papillose on back, shorter and colored at extreme base, subquadrate in a small area at basal angles. Seta 8-10 mm. long;
capsule ovoid-cylindric.
(Fig. 114,
D-F.)
201+1, 201+3.
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 121+72a, 121+93a; Lundell Steyermark 1+1+9951).
Dept. Alta Verapaz:
Distribution: Southeastern United States, Mexico, British
Hon-
duras, Cuba. On trees and logs at low altitudes. Variable in habit and branching but readily segregated by the linear leaf cells.
2.
PIREELLA PACHYCLADA (Ren.

18.
&
Card.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 40:

1904.
1913.
Pirea pachyclada Ren.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 41
67.
Plants dull green; secondary stems 3-4 cm. high, erect, dendroid, pinnately branched forming an oblong frond. Leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a cordate base, concave, short acuminate, often spirally imbricated on the branches; margins minutely crenulate toward apex; costa ending in or near apex; cells small, oval,
incrassate, smooth, linear at extreme base toward costa, subquadrate and numerous in many rows at basal angles. Seta 4-5 mm. long,
smooth; capsule oblong-cylindric, urn 2-2.5

G-J.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell Steyermark 1+5587.
281+9, 291+2; Bartlett
mm.
long.
(Fig. 114,
12265, 121+86.
Dept. Alta Verapaz:
On trees and rocks at low altitudes. The shorter oval upper and median leaf cells distinguish this species from P. cynibifolia. P. Mariae differs in the unlike stem and branch leaves, the much smaller area of small alar cells, the setae, which are scabrous above, and the
subglobose capsules.
3.
PIREELLA MARIAE (Card.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 40:

Pirea Mariae Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 32: 176.
18.
1913.
1893.
Secondary stems 2-6 cm. high, dendroid, bipinnately branched above from a long, simple, stipe-like base. Upper stem leaves 2-2.2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate from a subcordate base, slenderly
257
acuminate, entire. Branch leaves smaller, 1-1.2 mm. long, ovatelanceolate, concave, short acuminate, minutely serrulate above; costa ending below apex; upper and median cells oval, incrassate, smooth, linear near costa at base, subquadrate alar cells few and Seta slender, 6-10 mm. long, scabrous above; inconspicuous. capsule subglobose, small mouthed, urn 2 mm. long; lid slenderly
long; peristome teeth pale,*cleft along endostome rudimentary, adherent to teeth. (Fig. 115,
beaked, 1.5
mm.
median
line,
A-D.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 1^1890.
On
species
trees at
low altitudes.
This
is
a noteworthy collection as the
was previously known only from Costa Rica.

Bartr.,
4.
PlREELLA GUATEMALENSIS (Williams)

1946.
Bryol. 49: 116.
Thamnium
guatemalense Williams in herb.
Secondary stems to 5 cm. high, dull yellowish green, densely and irregularly branched above in a rather ragged frond from an elongate, stipitate base. Stipe leaves minute, squarrose-spreading, abruptly
short acuminate from a broad, short, clasping base. Upper stem leaves erect-spreading, broadly ovate, acuminate, 1.5 mm. long,
FIGURE 115
D,
A-D, Pireella Mariae: A, plant, Xl; B, stem leaf, X12; C, branch leaf, X12; capsule, X8. E-I, Pireella guatemalensis: E, plant, Xl; F, stipe leaf, X16; G, stem leaf,
leaf,
X16; H, branch
X16;
I,
capsule,
X8.
258
1
25
below apex;
wide; margins plane, denticulate above; costa slender, ending cells smooth, incrassate, irregularly oval above, to 15 M long, gradually becoming linear below, shorter and brownish across the insertion, short alar cells few, inconspicuous. Branch leaves
mm.
somewhat smaller and narrower. Perichaetium large, inner leaves long and slenderly acuminate; seta erect, 5 mm. long, scabrous above, smooth below; capsule erect, oblong-ovate, brown, urn about 2 mm.
long; operculum erect, conic-rostrate.
(Fig. 115, E-I.)
154. in part,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Finca Mocca, Harry Johnson
TYPE.
Similar in habit and appearance to P. Mariae but sharply distinct

in the squarrose stipe leaves, shorter setae
and oblong-ovate capsules. Mr. Donald Richards found the specimen in Mr. R. S. Williams'
personal herbarium under the
name
of
Thamnium
guatemalense
Williams and kindly lent

5.
it
to
me
for study.
PIREELLA FALCIFOLIA
1946.
Secondary stems erect, dendroid, brownish, not glossy, to 5 cm. high, forming a dense, oblong frond from a short, stipitate base. Stipe leaves scale-like, appressed. Upper stem leaves erect-spreading, crowded, 5 mm. long, rather quickly ligulate-lanceolate from an ovate base, acuminate; margins plane, denticulate toward apex; costa brownish, ending some distance below apex; cells linear, rather short, incrassate, smooth, shorter, porose and brownish at extreme base, alar cells few, small and subquadrate. Branch leaves smaller, scarcely 3 mm. long, narrower and more broadly pointed, carinate, clearly falcate-secund both moist and dry, apical cells oval-rhomboidal.
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 116,
A-D.)
Dept. Zacapa: Cloud forest in ravine bordering Quebrada Alejandria, summit of Sierra de las Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandria, alt. 2,500 m., Steyermark 29868.
Endemic.
On tree trunk. This striking species is suggestive of Pterobryum angustifolium in a general way but is clearly different in the appressed stipe leaves and the falcate-secund branch leaves narrowed
to a ligulate point. Its generic position is problematical. Until the sporophyte is available I have tentatively placed it in Pireella.
8.
PTEROBRYUM
Hornsch., Fl. Bras. 1: 50.
1840.
Robust, green or yellowish green frondose plants; secondary stems closely pinnate above from a stipe-like base. Leaves crowded,
259
erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, plicate; costa single; cells linear, smooth, scarcely differentiated at basal angles. Capsules immersed peristome teeth narrow, smooth, endostome rudimentary, adherent
;
to teeth; lid short, conical; calyptra small, mitriform, naked.

Stipe leaves appressed, leaves strongly plicate Stipe leaves squarrose, leaves plicate only near base
2.
1.
P. densum
P. angustifolium
1.
PTEROBRYUM DENSUM
1840.
(Schwaegr.) Hornsch., Fl. Bras. 1: 50.

2 3, I
Pterogonium densum Schwaegr., Suppl.
t.
243.
1828.
Secondary stems robust, 4-8 cm. high, branched, forming a Stipe leaves appressed, scale-like. Frond leaves crowded, erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, strongly plicate, 2-3 mm. long; margins plane, serrate in upper half; costa ending below apex;
triangular frond.
cells
linear-rhomboidal, shorter, colored and incrassate near insertion. Perichaetial leaves lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, entire; capsule ovoid, urn 2 mm. long; lid short beaked. (Fig. 116, E-G.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36^85, 36767. Dept. Quezaltenango: Slandley Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 46661, 4666Sa. Dept. Solola: Steyer-
67886.
mark U7S56.
Distribution: Mexico, Central and South America.
FIGURE 116
A-D,
D, upper
Pireella falcifolia: A, plant,

leaf cells
Xl; B, stem
leaf,
X8; C, branch
leaf,
X8;
and
and margin, X270.

leaf,
E-G, Pterobryum densum: E, plant, Xl; F, margin, X270.
X16; G, upper
leaf cells
260
25
On trees at medium to high altitudes. A conspicuous moss readily

known by
2.
the frondose habit and the strongly plicate leaves.

(C.
PTEROBRYUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM
12: 426.

1851.
1869.
Pilotrichum angustifolinm C. M., Syn. 2: 181.
Less robust than P. densum; secondary stems 3-4.5 cm. long, branched above the short, stipe-like base forming a dense, oblong
frond.
ing,
about 2
Stipe leaves squarrose-recurved. Frond leaves erect-spreadmm. long, lanceolate from a broadly ovate base, faintly
margins plane, minutely serrulate nearly all around; costa percurrent; cells linear, shorter and colored across insertion. Perichaetium conspicuous, inner leaves oblong-lanceolate, costa excurrent in a long, denticulate arista; capsule ovoid, immersed, urn 2 mm. long; lid conic-apiculate. (Fig. 117, A-C.)
plicate only below;
Dept. Peten: Lundell
201*1, 2867.
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38892, 39911.
Distribution: Honduras, Costa Rica,
West
Indies, Colombia.
Evidently a lowland species differing markedly from P. densum in the squarrose stipe leaves and nearly smooth frond leaves with the costa percurrent. It is more likely to be mistaken for a Pireella.
trees at
On
low altitudes.
31.
METEORIACEAE
to robust; primary stems creeping, filiform, stems elongate, usually pendent in intricate masses, secondary freely branched, densely foliate. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa single or lacking; cells elongate, often papillose. Capsules usually exserted on short, slender setae; peristome double; lid short;
Plants
slender
calyptra often pilose.

1.
Costa single Costa short and double or none

Alar Alar
cells distinct in
cells
2 6
1.
2.
a small, well denned group poorly denned or none
Squamidium
3
3.
Leaf Leaf
cells papillose over lumens cells smooth or papillose only at apical
angles
3. 4.
4 5
Papillaria
4.
Upper Upper
leaf cells obscure, pluripapillate leaf cells distinct, unipapillate
Meteorium
5.
5.
Secondary stems not elongate or pendulous, leaves divaricately spreading

Lindigia
Secondary stems elongate, pendulous, leaves erect-spreading ... 7. Meteoriopsis

6.
Leaves deeply concave, short pointed Leaves not concave, filiform acuminate
2. Pilotrichella 6.
Barbella

1.
261
SQUAMIDIUM
sect.
(C.
I3
:
M.) Broth., E.
807.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
1906.
420.
Meteorium
Squamidium C. M., Linnaea 42:
1879-81.
Secondary stems numerous, irregularly pinnate, branches densely Leaves imbricated, concave, oval, short pointed foliate, julaceous. or filiform acuminate; costa slender, ending well below apex; cells
smooth, sharply differentiated at basal angles. Seta short; capsules immersed or shortly exserted; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra campanulate, lobed at base.
linear,
Leaves short apiculate Leaves

filiform
1.
S. nigricans
acuminate.
.2. S.
leucotrichum
1.
SQUAMIDIUM NIGRICANS (Hook.)

808.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1906.
nigricans
Hypnum
Hook,
in
Kunth, Syn.
PI.
Aeq.
1: 64.
1822.
?0rthostichella
anacamptacea C. M.?
Plants pale or yellowish green, tinged with brown or black, glossy; secondary stems to 8 or 10 cm. long, laxly and irregularly pinnate.
FIGURE 117 A-C, Plerobryum angustifolium: A,

X68.
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X16; C, apex
of leaf,
D-E, Squamidium F-G, Squamidium
nigricans:
D, part
of plant,
leucotrichum: F, part of plant,
XI; E, branch leaf, X16. Xl; G, branch leaf, X14.
262
25
Branch leaves deeply concave,

spiral
closely imbricated, often in distinct
rows, 1-1.5 mm. long, broadly ovate, abruptly apiculate, serrulate above; costa faint, ending well below apex; cells narrowly linear, at basal angles subquadrate in a small, well defined group.
Perichaetial
leaves
larger,
ovate-lanceolate,
(Fig. 117,
subulate-acuminate;
capsule immersed, ovoid.
D-E.)
7054.6,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69971, 69982,
71021, 7101*6, 71070,
71 091 a, 71097, 90398, 901*65, 90679a, 91808, 91810a, 92508; Steyermark l*l*623a.
85511b.
91155.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68616, 68922. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 581*15b. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69917,
Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30521, 305 95a, 305 96a, 30600.
Distribution: Mexico, throughout the
West
Indies, Central
and
South America.
On
trees at
medium
altitudes.
The nerved
leaves will at once
distinguish this species
from
Pilotrichella.
Nos. 71070 and 71091a
represent a form with slender, flagelliform branchlets which the equivalent of S. filiferum (C. M.) Broth, of Venezuela.
may
be
2.
SQUAMIDIUM LEUCOTRICHUM
I
3
:
(Tayl.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
809.
1906.
1848.
214.
Hypnum
leucotrichum Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 7: 196.
Pilotrichella longipila Schimp.,
Ann.
Sci.
Nat. Ser.
6, 3:
1876.
Secondary stems pendulous, to 30 cm. or more long, interruptedly

pinnate, pale green at tips,
laxly appressed,
brown
or black below.
Stem leaves
concave,
ending in a long,
crispate hair point.
Branches turgid, short, bristling on all sides with the piliform leaf points; leaves about 4 mm. long over all, very concave, oblong from a cordate base, rather quickly narrowed to a long, flexuous, denticulate hair point; margins serrulate above, inflexed toward apex; costa
slender, extending
angles
quadrate,
above mid-leaf; cells narrowly linear, at basal incrassate in a sharply defined tumid group.
(Fig. 117,
Capsule immersed (sporophyte not seen).
F-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91366a. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 581*59a. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30601 a, 311*39.
West
Indies,
South America.
On trees at moderate altitudes. Pilotrichella longipila differs in no essential particular from the plants of Central and South America and should certainly be reduced to synonymy.

2.
263
78. 1871.
PILOTRICHELLA
(C.
M.) Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex.
Neckera subsec. Orthostichella C. M., Syn. 2: 123. 1851 in part and subsec. 2. Pilotrichella
C. M., Syn. 2: 129.
1851.
Glossy pendulous plants usually hanging in tangled masses; secondary stems elongate, distantly pinnate, branches tumid. Leaves imbricated, concave, ovate; costa lacking or short and double; cells linear, smooth, often differentiated at basal angles. Capsules ovoid, exserted on a rather short seta; peristome double, teeth papillose, segments of endostome narrowly linear; lid long beaked; calyptra
cucullate, pilose.
Robust
plants, alar cells in a round, sharply defined

cells few,
group
2.
1.
P.
flexilis
Slender plants, alar
poorly defined, not colored
P. rigida
1.
PILOTRICHELLA RIGIDA
1871.
(C.
M.) Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex.

1851.
1897.
78.
Neckera rigida C. M., Syn. 2: 126.

Orthostichella filamentosula C.
M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 204.
Secondary stems slender, from few to 25 or 30 cm. long, pale green, often tinged with brown, varying widely in size and habit. Leaves laxly imbricated, deeply concave, often clearly spirally ranked on the branches, 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong-ovate or subpanduriform, ecostate, abruptly short apiculate; margins serrulate
defined area at basal angles.
all
around,
broadly inflexed above; cells linear, subquadrate in a small, poorly

oblong, urn 118, A-C.)
71207a-(c. 1
mm.
long;
lid
long; capsule exserted, obliquely rostrate, 1 mm. long. (Fig.
Seta 4
mm.
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark S9991, 41766, 41792. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley fr.), 71672, 91407, 91732; Steyermark 44288, 44297, 44571, 45072, 45084- Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49439. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 6861 6a, 6879Sa, 86522; Steyermark S6676. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65433, 65434, 681^0, 68261, 86670, 86702; Steyermark 33405, 33441, 34323, 34366. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58113, 88951. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 46666. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62018. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58411, 58412, 58415, 80668. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30613, 31558. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 3 2533.
: :
On trees at low to medium altitudes. I doubt if any distinction can be made between this species and P. pukhella Schimp., which seems to be only a slenderer, softer form. When this group is
264
25
FIGURE 118
A-C,
of leaf,
of leaf,
Pilotrichella rigida: A, part of plant, Pilotrichella flexilis:
XI; B,
leaf,
X12; C, basal angle X12; F, basal angle
X270.
D, part
of plant,
D-F,
Xl; E,
leaf,
X120.
studied critically
its
it is
acquire an extensive
synonymy with a corresponding broadening
likely that P. rigida or its equivalent will of
geographical distribution.
2.
PILOTRICHELLA FLEXILIS (Hedw.)

Leskea
flexilis
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 162. 1875-76.
1801.
Robust plants pale green at tips, brown and often richly colored below; secondary stems to 25 or 30 cm. long, distantly pinnate, branches tumid. Leaves laxly imbricated, about 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong-ovate from a narrow, auriculate base, abruptly short
apiculate; margins entire, broadly inflexed above; cells narrowly linear with sinuose lateral walls, small, rounded, and deep brown in a small but well defined group at basal angles. Seta 5 mm. long, scabrous above; capsule ovoid, 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth
incurved
teeth.
when
dry, segments of
endostome
capillary, shorter
than
(Fig. 118,
D-F.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70350, 7111+9, 71154., 71592, 9021+5a, 90633, 90665, 90725, 92361, 921+07. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 1+81+73, l+9902a. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62651. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36030.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65103. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1+7236. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57826a, 58729, 58793a, 58802b, 61929b. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 581+31+, 581+59, 80629 (c. fr.), 80691+. Dept. El Progresso: Steyer-

mark 43550. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 43227. 30601. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32487.
265
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
Pendent from forest trees at moderate altitudes. This frequent and well-known species has an extensive synonymy including Neckera turgescens C. M. and N. cochlearifolia C. M. of Mexico.
3.
PAPILLARIA
C. M., Oefv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 4:34. 1876.
Slender, dull green plants tinged with brown or black; secondary stems numerous, often pendent in intricate masses. Leaves imbricated, acuminate, auriculate; costa single; cells incrassate, papillose; Capsules mostly exserted; seta smooth; peristome double; calyptra in our species cucullate, pilose.
1.
Leaves with large, undulate basal auricles Leaf base not strongly auriculate
Plants soft, leaves ending in a long, capillary hair point Plants rigid, leaves subulate-acuminate, not hair tipped
1.
P. imponderosa
2
3.
2.
P. Deppei
2.
P. nigrescens
1.
PAPILLARIA IMPONDEROSA (Tayl.) Broth., E.

815.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1906.
1846.
Leskea imponderosa Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846: 62. Neckera Oerstediana C. M., Syn. 2: 671. 1851.
Very slender, dull yellowish green plants; secondary stems to 12-15 cm. long, flexuous, laxly pinnate. Leaves erect-spreading, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, lanceolate from a cordate, faintly plicate, strongly auriculate base, acuminate, apex twisted in a half turn; margins
plane, sharply denticulate all around; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, seriate papillose, more pellucid at extreme base.
Capsule exserted on a short
seta.
(Fig. 119,
A-B.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70490, 70945, 70953, 71194, 90621, 90705, 91474. Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 52009; Standley 68474, 86535.
On
trees at
medium
to high altitudes.
The
relatively large, often
undulate basal auricles and the flat, linear acumen twisted in a half turn make this species easy of recognition.
2.
PAPILLARIA NIGRESCENS (Hedw.) Jaeg., Adumb. 2: 169.

76.
1875-
Hypnum
nigrescens Hedw., Sp.
Muse. 250.
1801.
266
25
FIGURE 119
A-B, Papillaria imponderosa: A, part of plant, Xl; B, leaf, X24. C-E, Papillaria nigrescens: C, part of plant, Xl; D, leaf, X24; E, upper
cells
leaf
and margin, X270. F-G, Papillaria Deppei: F, part
of plant,
Xl; G,
leaf,
X24.
Plants green or yellowish green at tips, brown or black below; secondary stems prostrate in intricate mats, to 12-15 cm. long, Leaves appressed when dry, erect-spreading irregularly pinnate. when moist, to 1.7 mm. long, ovate from a cordate base, slenderly acuminate, faintly plicate; margins often undulate, serrulate toward
base, entire above; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear or oval, papillose except near costa at extreme base. Seta short; (Fig. 119, C-E.) capsule exserted.
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 46096. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39486, 39497, Dept. Alta Verapaz: 39757a, 89998; Standley 72134, 72518, 72522a, 72573. Steyermark 44116, 44859; Standley 69270, 69556, 70829, 70972, 71021b, 71788, 71839, 90040, 9077Sc, 90874. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49654. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86463, 86467. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 87886. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69745, 69786, 91154. Dept. Jutiapa: Standley 75553. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78188.
:
Distribution: Florida, Louisiana, Mexico,
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
tree trunks at
low to medium altitudes.
The
variations of
this plastic species are legion and I doubt if any practical purpose would be served in trying to segregate them here. The form with shorter leaf cells and slender microphyllous branchlets known as
267
P. appressa (Hornsch.) is usually but not always recognizable. The leaves of P. nigrescens are often broadly auriculate but never so strongly so as in P. imponderosa.
3.
PAPILLARIA DEPPEI (Hornsch.) Jaeg., Adumb. 2: 168.

Neckera Deppei Hornsch. in C. M., Syn. 2: 136.
1851.
1874-75.
Papillaria Hahnii Besch., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 38: 228.
1899.
Slender, soft plants, pale green at tips, brown or black below; secondary stems prostrate or pendent, to 20 or 30 cm. long, laxly pinnate. Leaves appressed when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, triangularlanceolate from a cordate base, gradually acuminate, faintly plicate, apex prolonged in a fine, articulated, capillary hair point; margins often undulate, minutely denticulate; costa faint, ending above midleaf; cells linear, papillose on both faces with 3-4 sharp, salient Seta about 6 mm. long; capsule ovoid, erect. (Fig. 119, papillae.
F-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69W, 69995b, 70008, 71104, 90719, 90870, Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58873a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62321, 80229, 80302. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80735. Dept. Zacapa: Steyer91366.
mark 29832.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On forest trees at medium altitudes. This species is likely to be confused with Meteorium illecebrum from which it may be distinguished by the more slender, softer habit and the less strongly
plicate, gradually
attenuate leaves with the
cells
showing several
papillae
on each
face.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
PAPILLARIA WARSZEWICZII C. M.,
1897.
No
material
is
4.
METEORIUM
Doz.
&
Molk., Muse. Archip.

1854.
Ind. ined. 157.
Robust, glossy plants; secondary stems long, pendent, distantly Leaves oblong-ovate, pinnate, branches densely foliate, tumid. costa slender; cells long and plicate, abruptly piliform acuminate; Seta short; capsules exserted; peristome narrow, unipapillate.
double; calyptra cucullate, pilose.
268
25
1.
METEORIUM ILLECEBRUM
437.
Neckera
(C.

1851.
1869.
M., Syn. 2: 137.
illecebra C.
Plants robust, pale or yellowish green at tips, brown or black below; secondary stems creeping or pendent, 5-30 cm. long or longer, distantly pinnate, branches short and blunt at tips. Leaves laxly
appressed
when
dry, 3-4
mm.
long, oblong-ovate
from a cordate
base, concave, plicate, abruptly contracted to a slender acumen which is prolonged in a fragile, capillary, articulated hair point; margins denticulate, flexuous; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells
linear,
with a single central papilla over the lumen.
Seta 6-7
mm.
long,
smooth below, scabrous above; capsule ovoid, contracted to a
short neck, urn 1.5 mm. long; lid obliquely beaked, 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth pale, papillose, segments of endostome filiform.
(Fig. 120,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70010, 703 85a, 89713, 90599, 92361b, 92664; Steyermark 44571a. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82556, 83037; Steyermark 48485a, 49607, 50077a, 50599. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35681, 35815a, 35846, 36929; Standley 85428. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84038, 84102a. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 66389, 841 86a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57938, 60012. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58412b. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69763, 69786a, 91092, 91096, 91199. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 43485a. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42788, 43149. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32839a;
:
Standley 77500.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America,
West
Indies.
On
trees or occasionally
on rocks and banks at medium to rather
high altitudes. Nos. 57938 and 60012 represent a form with capillary branchlets on which the minute leaves are sinuate-denticulate and
the cells strongly papillose, which may be the same thing as M. sinuatum (C. M.) Mitt. No. 89713 shows the branches tumid and obtuse and the leaves with shorter points similar to var. teretiforme Card.
(Rev. Bryol. 38: 40. 1911) but as in Papillaria nigrescens these forms lack stability and are probably nothing but variants influenced
by environmental
conditions.
5.
LINDIGIA Hampe,
Linnaea 31: 427.
1861-62.
Autoicous; slender plants; secondary stems numerous, pinnately branched, foliate on all sides. Leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate; costa single, slender; cells linear, smooth. Seta short, scabrous;
capsules exserted;
lid
beaked; peristome double; calyptra cucullate.

1.
269
LINDIGIA ACICULATA (Tayl.) Jaeg., Adumb. 2: 378.

Leskea aciculata Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 339.
Lindigia
tenella
1876-77.
1847.
104.
Hampe,
in Besch. Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
1871.
Secondary stems to 4 or 5 cm. long. Stem leaves 2.5 mm. long, from a broad, slightly cordate base, subulateacuminate, serrulate all around; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, smooth, shorter across insertion, not differentiated at basal Branch leaves similar but smaller. Perichaetial leaves angles.
ovate-lanceolate
ending in a long, denticulate arista; seta 2 mm. long, scabrous, slightly curved; capsule oblong, suberect, urn 1 mm. long, mouth
erect,
deep red; peristome teeth strongly incurved, segments as long as teeth; lid long and slenderly beaked. (Fig. 120, D-F.)
(as Rhynchostegiella convolutacea).
Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 62030c

:
Distribution: Mexico, Jamaica, South America.
On
trees at
medium
altitudes.
can detect no
real differences
between L. tenella and L. aciculata and believe that Hampe's name can safely be relegated to synonymy.
FIGURE 120 A-C, Meteorium

cells
illecebrum: A, part of plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X16; C, upper
leaf
and margin, X270.
D-F, Lindigia
aciculata:
D, plant, Xl; E,
leaf,
X14; F, sporophyte, XlO.
270
25
3
:
6.
BARBELLA
(C.
M.)
Fleisch., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
828.
1906.
Pilotrichella Sec. Barbella C.
M., Flora 82: 464.
1896.
Slender, glossy plants usually pendent in loose masses; secondary stems pinnate, ultimate branches often filiform. Leaves lanceolate; costa single or lacking; cells linear, smooth or faintly papillose. Seta
short; capsules exserted; peristome double; calyptra small, fugacious.
1.
BARBELLA CUBENSIS
1906.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
824.
Meteorium cubense Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 435. 1869. Meteorium diclados Schimp. in Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 83.
1871.
Plants glossy, pale yellow at tips, brown below; secondary stems pendent, to 25-30 cm. long, pinnately branched, ultimate branches slender and attenuate. Leaves of lower stems and branches laxly
spreading, complanate, 3-3.5
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate
from a sub-
cordate base, subulate-acuminate, ecostate; margins entire above, serrulate toward base; cells linear, usually with a faint papilla over
middle of lumen, irregularly short rhomboidal and incrassate in a Leaves of ultimate small, poorly defined group at basal angles. branches appressed, narrower and with long, capillary points. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 121, A-D.)
Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark ^2797.
Distribution: Mexico, Cuba.
moderately high altitudes. Meteorium cubense Mitt. Brotherus (E. & P. Pflanzenf. ed. 1) as a synonym for given by both Barbella cubensis (Mitt.) Broth, and Squamidium cubense (Mitt.) Broth. Wright's No. 82 is evidently a Barbella, so the name Squamidium cubense should be suppressed.
trees at
is
On
7.
METEORIOPSIS
Fleisch., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
825.
1906.
Rather slender, glossy plants, often pendulous; secondary stems Leaves widely spreading, ovateelongate, irregularly pinnate.
lanceolate, serrulate; costa slender; cells narrow, smooth, not sharply differentiated at basal angles. Seta short; capsules exserted; peris-
tome double; calyptra

1.
small, mitriform, pilose.

1.
:
Leaves spreading from the insertion Leaves spreading from a clasping base
Slender plants, leaves decurved, short pointed Plants more robust, leaves long acuminate
M. M.
3.
remotifolia
2
2.
2.
recurvifolia
M.
patula

1.
271
METEORIOPSIS REMOTIFOLIA (Hornsch.) Broth., E.

I
3
:
& P. Pflanzenf.
825.
1906.
1851.
Neckera remotifolia Hornsch. in C. M., Syn. 2: 672.
?Meteorium
torticuspis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 204.
1897.
Slender plants growing in feathery mats; secondary stems prosLeaves squarrose-spreading from trate, elongate, freely branched.
insertion,
about 1.3 mm. long, broadly ovate from a narrow, subcordate base, subulate-acuminate; margins narrowly recurved near base, plane and serrulate above; costa ending well above mid-leaf;
smooth, subquadrate in a small, poorly defined area at Seta 1 mm. long; capsules oblong, short exserted; lid obliquely beaked; calyptra scabrous above. (Fig. 121, E-G.)
cells linear,
basal angles.
1*1*816,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 89870, 91675, 9171*0, 91758, 91810; Steyermark 45008. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 865J*8a. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7951, 1*7992.
88961b.
Distribution: Mexico, Jamaica, Central and South America.
On
trees
type of M. torticuspis C. that it belongs here.
and humus at moderate altitudes. I have not seen the M. but the description strongly suggests
FIGURE 121
A-D, Barbella cubensis: A, part of plant, Xl; B, lower branch leaf, C, ultimate branch leaf, X16; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
E-G, Meteoriopsis
leaf cells
X16;
remotifolia: E, part of plant,
Xl; F,
leaf,
X20; G, upper
and margin, X270.
272
25
FlGURE 122
A-B, Meteoriopsis C-F, Meteoriopsis
sporophyte, X8.
recurvifolia: A, part of plant,
patula: C, part of plant,
Xl; B, leaf, X14. Xl; D and E, leaves, X14; F,
2.
METEORIOPSIS RECURVIFOLIA (Hornsch.) Broth., E.

zenf. I 3
:
&
P. Pflan-
825.
1906.
1840.
Pilotrichum recur vifolium Hornsch., Fl. Bras. 1: 58.
Leaves Secondary stems elongate, pinnate, branches short. crowded, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, squarrose-recurved from a narrow, cordate, clasping base, broadly ovate, carinate-concave, short acumnate, serrulate all around; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, alar group scarcely differentiated. Seta 2 mm. long; capsule oblong, urn 1.5 mm. long, tapering to a short neck; lid slenderly beaked,
erect; calyptra pilose.
(Fig. 122,
A-B.)
On
trees at
low altitudes.
Panama, South America. The shorter pointed, decurved leaves
will easily
separate this species from
M.
patula.
3.
METEORIOPSIS PATULA (Hedw.) Broth., E.

825.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1906.
patulum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 279.
1801.
Hypnum
Plants pale green, growing in soft, tangled mats; secondary stems Leaves prostrate or pendent, elongate, pinnate, branches short.
273
-2.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate from a contracted clasping base, narrowed to a rather long, slender acumen, serrulate nearly to base; costa ending well above mid-leaf; cells narrowly linear, shorter across insertion, subrectangular in a small, poorly defined group at basal Seta 3 mm. long; capsule oblong, urn 2.5 mm. long; lid angles.
slenderly beaked; calyptra pilose.
(Fig. 122,
C-F.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 460^6; Lundell 20^0. Dept. Izabal: Standley 72522. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69976, 69990, 69995, 70200, 705M, 70735, 712tfa, Dept. San 71328, 71413, 71668a, 90315a, 91366b, 91586; Steyermark M857. Marcos: Steyermark 37500a; Standley 68556. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67073, 68015, 85011, 8551 la, 855^7, 86688a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 62030. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58412a.
:
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On
trees at

in a fine,
Variable in habit and leaf

leaves strongly clasping
outline but usually easily recognized
by the
below and ending
almost capillary, hair-like point.
32.
PHYLLOGONIACEAE
Lustrous plants with sparingly branched, strongly flattened secondary stems. Leaves rigid, equitant, distichous, cymbiformconcave, abruptly short pointed; costa short and double or lacking; cells linear, smooth. Sporophyte lateral; capsules exserted in our
species; calyptra cucullate.
Alar Alar
cells
cells
dark brown, incrassate, conspicuous not differentiated
1.
Phyllogonium
2.
Eucatagonium
1.
PHYLLOGONIUM
1827.
Slender, golden green, glossy plants; secondary stems pendent,

flat,
Leaves erect-spreading, ecostate, oblong, irregularly pinnate. short apiculate; cells linear, short, incrassate and deep brown at basal angles. Capsule ovoid, exserted on a short seta; peristome
double; calyptra sparingly pilose.
1.
PHYLLOGONIUM FULGENS (Hedw.)

1827.
Pterigynandrum fulgens Hedw., Sp. Muse. 86.
1801.
branches 3-4
Secondary stems to 50 cm. or more long, distantly pinnate, mm. wide with leaves. Leaves closely distichous, 2!5-3
274
25
mm.
cells
long, deeply cymbiform-concave, entire, apiculus often recurved ; narrowly linear, smooth, alar group dark brown, incrassate,
not sharply differentiated. Seta 3 slenderly beaked. (Fig. 123, A-B.)

71697, 89867, 90729, 91599. Zacapa: Steyermark ^2806.
mm.
long; capsule ovoid; lid
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 4.1935. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71592a, Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 4.8807. Dept.
:
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
forest trees at
moderate
recognized
by the crowded,
altitudes. An attractive moss readily keeled, glossy leaves in 2 lateral rows.
2.
EUCATAGONIUM
Java 4:
1,
(Broth.) Fleisch., Laubmfl. 28. 1922.
Catagonium Sec.
Eucatagonium Broth., E.
I
3
:
&
P.
Pflanzenf.
1088.
1908.
Slender, pale green glossy plants growing in thin mats; stems prostrate, irregularly branched. Leaves spreading, distichous, concave, abruptly apiculate, entire; costa short and double; cells linear, not differentiated at basal angles. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules
inclined; peristome double; calyptra naked.
1.
EUCATAGONIUM POLITUM
ed. 2, 11: 178.
(H.
f.
&
W.) Broth., E.
3: 353.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
1925.
Hypnum
politum H.
f.
&
W., Lond. Journ. Bot.
1844.
Stems to 3 or 4 cm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves about 1 mm. long, oblong, deeply concave, abruptly contracted to a slender, recurved apiculus; costa short, faint and double; cells narrowly linear, smooth, not differentiated at basal angles. No (Fig. 123, C-E.) fruiting plants known from North America.
New
Distribution: Costa Rica, South America, Australia, Tasmania, Zealand.
Terrestrial in cloud forest. This collection shows the leaves very abruptly constricted at the apex and often even slightly emarginate and asymmetrical. The Costa Rican plants are very similar, and although both differ rather widely from the South American and New Zealand forms I suspect that they are all variants of one specific
tytfe.

33.
275
NECKERACEAE
Plants often robust, glossy. Primary stems creeping; secondary stems erect or pendent, subpinnate, strongly flattened. Leaves complanate, often undulate, short pointed; costa single or double and short; cells smooth, rhomboidal above, linear toward base. Sporophyte lateral on branches of secondary stems; capsules immersed or exserted peristome double, endostome with narrow segments from
;
a well developed basal membrane.

1.
Leaf base strongly cordate or auriculate Leaf base not cordate or auriculate
1.
Calyptothedum
2 3
2.
Costa none or very short and double Costa single, well developed
4
2.
5.
3.
Leaves Leaves
in 8 rows, capsules
immersed or short exserted
Neckera
in 4 rows, setae elongate
Homalia
5
4.
Plants glossy, costa slender, ending near mid-leaf Plants dull, costa stout, ending near apex
6
3. 4.
5.
Leaf apex truncate or broadly rounded, denticulate Leaf apex pointed, coarsely incised-serrate
Neckeropsis
Homaliodendron
6.
6.
Leaves rounded, denticulate Leaves pointed, coarsely toothed
Pinnatella
7.
Porotrichum
FIGURE 123 A-B, Phyllogonium fulgens: A, part of plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14. C-E, Eucatagonium politum: C, plant, Xl; D, part of stem, XlO; E, leaf, X22. F-G, Calyptothedum duplicatum: F, part of plant, Xl; G, leaf, XlO.
276

1.
25
CALYPTOTHECIUM
10:190.
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 1868.
Dioicous; robust, glossy plants; secondary stems numerous, often Leaves crowded, frequently pendent, pinnate, usually flattened. undulate and auriculate, short pointed; costa single, slender; cells linear, smooth. Capsules immersed; peristome double, segments of endostome from a low basal membrane; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra
small.
Leafy stems strongly flattened Stems tumid, not flattened
1.
?
C. duplicatum
C. turgescens
2.
1.
CALYPTOTHECIUM DUPLICATUM (Schwaegr.)

Pflanzenf.
I
3
:
Broth.,
E.
&
P.
839.
1906.
I2
:
Hypnum
duplicatum Schwaegr., Suppl.
198.
1816.
Plants yellowish green; secondary stems 8-10 cm. long or longer,

distantly pinnate, strongly flattened, to 3-4 mm. wide with leaves, branches often flagelliform-attenuate. Leaves crowded, very complanate, 2.5-3 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a subcordate base, short acuminate, concave, entire, slightly undulate; costa slender, ending
above mid-leaf; cells linear, shorter and colored across Capsule ovoid, immersed. (Fig. 123, F-G.)
insertion.
South America. moderate altitude. This is the first record for the species in Central America as far as I know. It is a conspicuous, attractive moss and evidently rare on the mainland in North America.
Distribution:
Indies,
West
On
trees in cloud forest at
2.
CALYPTOTHECIUM TURGESCENS Broth.

d'Etud. Div. 88: 312.
1921.
&
TheY.,
Soc.
Havr.
Secondary stems erect, 6-8 cm. high, yellowish green, irregularly branched, branches tumid, obtuse, densely foliate. Leaves laxly imbricated, 3-4 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a cordate base, short acuminate, entire, concave, undulate; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, shorter and colored across insertion. Cylindrical, septate propagula are frequent in axils of the branch leaves.
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 124,
A-B.)
277
On
in the
sides.
trees at
moderate altitude. Very distinct from C. duplicatum tumid stems and branches with the leaves spreading on all
2.
NECKERA
1801.
Secondary stems pendent or prostrate, irregularly pinnate, Leaves crowded, complanate, oblong, undulate, short pointed, asymmetrical; costa double and short in our species; cells linear, smooth, shorter toward apex. Capsules immersed or exserted
flattened.
;
peristome double;
1.
lid conic-rostrate.
3. AT.
Capsules plainly exserted Capsules immersed
urnigera 2
2.
Inner perichaetial leaves filiform-acuminate, segments of endostome shorter than teeth 2. N. Ehrenbergii Inner perichaetial leaves shorter acuminate, segments as long as teeth
1.
N.
chlorocaulis
1.
NECKERA CHLOROCAULIS
C. M., Syn. 2: 663.
1851.
Autoicous; secondary stems prostrate, yellowish green, irregularly pinnate, to 15 cm. long, branches often attenuate. Leaves 3-4 mm. long, oblong-ovate, short acuminate, strongly undulate, broadly
FIGURE 124 A-B, Calyptothecium turgescens: A, C-E, Neckera chlorocaulis: C, part

X6.
F, Neckera Ehrenbergii: F, sporophyte, X6.
plant, Xl; B, leaf, XlO. of plant, XI; D, leaf, X8; E, sporophyte,
278
inflexed
25
on one side below; margins recurved at extreme base, plane above, serrulate toward apex; costa very short, double; cells linear, rhomboidal toward apex. Inner perichaetial leaves 4.5-5 mm. long,
ovate, gradually narrowed to flat, denticulate acumen; seta 1.5 mm. long; capsule ovoid, urn 2 mm. long; segments of endostome slender,
from a low basal membrane, about as long as teeth; rostrate. (Fig. 124, C-E.)
:
lid
obliquely
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 8171*2, 8176 1*. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35563, 35564.a, 35661*a, 8581*5; Standley 66151*, 851*1 9. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65903, 65928, 65937. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 3391*la; Standley 81*256. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63711c, 6521*6. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley
: :
79831*.
On trees, banks and rocks, mostly at rather high altitudes. Probably more broadly distributed in Central America than the published records would indicate.
2.
NECKERA EHRENBERGII
C. M., Syn. 2: 51.
1851.
caulis.
Plants similar to and scarcely to be distinguished from N. chloroInner perichaetial leaves 6-7 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
fine,
gradually narrowed to a long,
denticulate point; capsule ovoid,

(Fig. 124, F.)
immersed; segments of endostome shorter than teeth.
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 85397 (as N. chlorocaulis). Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62690 (as N. chlorocaulis), 81*1*22 (as N. chlorocaulis), 81*525 (as N. chlorocaulis).
N.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67666 (as N. chlorocaulis), 81*253 (as Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65090 (as N. chlorocaulis), 65198 (as N. chlorocaulis). Dept. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7235, 1*721*0, l*7568a. Chimaltenango: Standley 61921 (as N. chlorocaulis), 61929a (as N. chlorocaulis).
chlorocaulis).
On
tions
trees in
damp
forests
mostly at high altitudes.
The
distinc-
between
this species
and N.
chlorocaulis are slight
and not
always satisfactory. After restudying the group I have referred here the plants with long and slenderly acuminate perichaetial leaves. The endostome seems to vary, often showing the segments clearly shorter than the teeth but occasionally longer and very similar in structure to that of N. chlorocaulis.
3.
NECKERA URNIGERA
C. M., Syn. 2: 57.
1851.
Secondary stems to 4 or 5 cm. long, pinnate, branches widely spreading, about 2 cm. long. Leaves 2-2.5 mm. long, oblong-ovate,
279
short acuminate, undulate, denticulate toward apex; costa short, double; cells linear. Perichaetium small, inner leaves 2 mm. long, convolute, acuminate; seta 2.5-3 mm. long; capsule oblong, exserted, urn wide mouthed, 1.5-2 mm. long; peristome teeth narrow, minutely papillose, segments of endostome slender, almost as long as teeth.
(Fig. 125,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7001 Ob. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 85511. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63711. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 62030a.
:
On
trees at
moderate
altitudes.
Readily distinguished from both
of the preceding species by the exserted capsules but closely allied to a number of similar species ranging from Mexico to South America
which need to be carefully resolved.
3.
NECKEROPSIS
Reichd't.,
Novara Exp. Bot.
1: 181.
1870 emend. Fleisch., Laubmfl. Java 3: 875.
1907.
Glossy plants with long, sparingly branched, very flat secondary Leaves horizontally spreading, often undulate, broadly rounded or truncate at apex; costa single in our species; cells smooth, rhomboidal toward apex, linear below. Perichaetium conspicuous;
stems.
capsules immersed; peristome double, lid conic-rostrate; calyptra small, often pilose.
1.
Inner perichaetial leaves lanceolate, gradually acuminate Inner perichaetial leaves linear-subulate
3.
N.
foveolata 2
2.
Leaves undulate, autoicous Leaves not undulate, synoicous
1.
2.
N. undulata N. disticha
1.
NECKEROPSIS UNDULATA (Hedw.)

1:181.
1870.
Neckera undulata Hedw., Sp. Muse. 201.
Reichd't.,
Novara Exp. Bot.
1801.
Autoicous; plants pale or yellowish green; secondary stems to cm. long, complanate, sparingly branched, 4 mm. wide with leaves very closely spaced, horizontally spreading, 2-2.5 mm. long, oblong-lingulate from an asymmetrical, clasping base, broadly truncate at apex, transversely undulate; margins plane, erosedenticulate across apex; costa slender, often forked at tip, ending some distance below apex; upper cells irregularly rhomboidal,
5
gradually becoming linear below. Perichaetial leaves linear-subulate, extending well above rim of capsule; seta very short; capsule oblong-
280
25
FIGURE 125
A-C, Neckera urnigera: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X8; C, sporophyte, X8. D-F, Neckeropsis undulata: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, sporophyte, X8. G-H, Neckeropsis disticha: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14.
cylindric, urn 1.5 mm. long; lid obliquely rostrate; peristome teeth narrow, segments of endostome filiform, equaling the teeth; calyptra
sparingly pilose.
(Fig. 125,
D-F.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38905a, 1*1813.
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 1*6191. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 9171*9.
Distribution: Florida, Texas, Mexico,
West
Indies, Central
and
South America.
On
trees at
in tropical leaves.
low altitudes. A lowland species widely distributed America and easily known by the truncate, undulate
2.
NECKEROPSIS DISTICHA (Hedw.)

1907.
Neckera disticha Hedw., Sp. Muse. 201.
Fleisch.,
Laubmfl. Java 3: 879.
1801.
seldom more than 1.5

widely spreading.
Leaves smaller, Synoicous; more slender than N. undulata. mm. long, not transversely undulate and less
Perichaetial leaves shorter, barely reaching rim
(Fig. 125,
of capsule; calyptra naked.
G-H.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 1*5913, 1*5911*. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39758, 39928; Standley 721*17a. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 1*1*306, 1*5039, 1*5121*.

Distribution: Florida, wide in Mexico,
281
West
Indies, Central
and
South America.
On
trees at
low altitudes.
to be confined to the Caribbean lowlands

Pacific drainage area.
Like N. undulata this species seems and fails to appear in the
3.
NECKEROPSIS FOVEOLATA
2,
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf. Ed.
11: 188.
1925.
t. 5, f. 5.
Neckera foveolata Mitt., Trans. Linn. Soc. 23:
1862.
4-5
Autoicous; secondary stems 2-4 cm. long, sparingly pinnate, mm. wide with leaves. Leaves horizontally spreading, undulate,
structurally in
all respects like N. undulata. Perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire; seta less than 0.5 mm. clasping,
capsule oblong-cylindrical, immersed, urn 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth nearly or quite smooth, pellucid, segments as long
long;
as teeth;
lid erect,
slenderly beaked; spores papillose, 15
n.
(Fig. 126,
A-B.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 41879a.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Brazil, western Africa.
On
leaves at moderately low altitude.
The gametophyte
is
inseparable from N. undulata but the broad, clasping perichaetial leaves are very distinctive. The distribution is interesting and may
be adduced as a factor favoring the Continental Drift theory. The Guatemalan specimen is fragmentary but the plants from Costa Rica collected by A. M. Brenes (N. Brenesei Bartr. in herb.) are in
fine condition
and show the distinctive characters to good advantage.
4.
HOMALIODENDRON
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45
72.
1906.
Robust, glossy dendroid plants; secondary stems bi-tripinnate, frondiform from a woody stipe, branches strongly complanatefoliate. Frond leaves lingulate, coarsely incised serrate above; costa single; cells rhomboidal, smooth. Capsules short exserted;
peristome double; calyptra small, pilose.
1.
HOMALIODENDRON MOHRIANUM
74.
(C.
M.)
1874.
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45:
1906.
Neckera Mohriana C. M., Linnaea 38: 646.
Secondary stems 4 10 cm. long, frondiform from a stipe-like base, ultimate branches often attenuate. Stipe leaves small, scale-like,
282
25
FIGURE 126
A-B, Neckeropsis foveolata: A, leaf, X14; B, sporophyte, X12. C-D, Homaliodendron Mohrianum: C, plant, XI; D, leaf, X12. E-G, Homalia glabella: E, plant, XI; F, leaf, X12; G, upper leaf
margin, X267.
cells
and
closely appressed, gradually changing to the spreading, complanate, polymorphous frond leaves which are closely spaced, lingulate, to
toward apex; costa slender, ending oval-rhomboidal, incrassate, gradually becoming linear toward base. Leaves of ultimate branches smaller and coarsely toothed above middle. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 126,
2.5
mm.
long, distantly incised

cells
near mid-leaf; upper
C-D.)
Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark ^3229.
West
Indies.
altitude.
On
tree trunk at
moderate
This species
is
probably
inseparable from Porotrichum grandidens C. M. of Haiti and I suspect it is also very close to if not identical with Porotrichum decomposition
(Brid.) Mitt., although I have not tive study of authentic material.
had a chance to make a compara-
5.
HOMALIA
(Brid.) Bry. Eur. fasc. 44-45.
1850. 1827.
Omalia Brid. subgenus of Leskea
Plants growing in thin, lustrous mats; secondary stems prostrate, Leaves appearing discomplanate-foliate, irregularly branched.
283
tichous, broad, obtusely rounded, not undulate; costa double, short; Seta elongate; upper cells rhomboidal, becoming linear below.
capsules inclined; peristome double;
lid conic-rostrate.
1.
HOMALIA GLABELLA (Hedw.)

1869.
Leskea glabella Hedw., Sp. Muse. 235.
1801.
Dioicous; green or yellowish green glossy plants; secondary stems to 8 or 10 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves closely
spaced in 4 rows, strongly complanate, widely spreading, 2-3 mm. long, oblong-cul triform, broadly rounded, apiculate; margins plane, inflexed on one side below, serrulate in upper half; costa double, short; upper cells irregularly rhomboidal, incrassate, linear below. Seta slender, red, about 14 mm. long; capsule ovoid, inclined, urn
mm. long; peristome teeth transversely striolate, segments as as teeth from a rather high basal membrane, cilia 1, appendiculong Fruit known only from Jamaica. late; spores smooth, 10-13 M1.75
(Fig. 126,
E-G.)
:
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39056, 41898. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark SSSltS. 29927a, 299S1.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 9U83. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29853a,
West
Indies.
On
The
trees and moist rocks at low to moderately high altitudes. strongly flattened stems and broad, smooth, glossy leaves will
easily identify this species
once
it is
familiar.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
HOMALIA ANGUSTIFRONS
in doubt.

is
1897.
As no authentic material
available this species
must remain
6.
PINNATELLA
Hypnum
(C.
M.)
Fleisch.,
Hedwigia 45:
79.
1906.
Sect. Pinnatella C.
M., Linnaea 39: 456.
1875.
erect, pinnately
Plants variable in size; primary stems creeping, secondary stems branched. Leaves laxly imbricated, ovate, costa
stout, ending near apex; cells rounded, elongate
toward base.
Seta
short, scabrous; capsules exserted; peristome double.
284
25
3
:
1.
PINNATELLA MINUTA
1906.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
857.
Porotrichum minutum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 465.
1869.
Dioicous; slender plants; secondary stems bipinnate, to 2 cm. high, branches often flagelliform attenuate and occasionally bearing short, filiform, microphyllous branchlets. Stem leaves slightly complanate, 0.8
mm. long, lingulate from a broadly ovate base, concave, obtusely rounded, minutely denticulate toward apex; costa strong,
cells below apex; upper cells irregularly rounded, 8-10 n, incrassate, dorsal surface convex, more elongate near costa toward base. Sporophyte unknown. (Fig. 127, A-C.)
ending 8-10
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba.
On
trees
and rocks at low
dividual species
may
It is
would indicate.
This interesting little inthan the meager collections too inconspicuous to be noticed by any but an
altitudes.
be
less localized
experienced bryologist.
7.
POROTRICHUM
1827.
droid,
Dioicous; primary stems creeping, secondary stems erect, denfrom a stipe-like base. Leaves ovate, serrate above; costa strong; basal cells elongate, becoming shorter, broader and incrassate above.
Seta elongate; capsules erect or nodding; peristome
double, complete.
1.
Stipe leaves squarrose-spreading Stipe leaves erect-spreading
1.
P. plicatulum
2
2.
Stem Stem
leaves 1
leaves
mm. or less long, slender plants 2-2.5 mm. long, robust plants
5.
4.
P. brevifolium
3
3.
Stems tumid Stems complanate
P. guatemalense 4
4.
Branch leaves broadly lingulate, broadly obtuse, cells short. .3. P. cobanense Branch leaves narrowly lingulate, acute or acuminate, cells elongate
. .
2.
P. longirostre
1.
POROTRICHUM PLICATULUM
1869.
12: 461.
Plants yellowish green; secondary stems slender, 2-3 cm. high, simple below, bipinnate above forming a small, triangular frond. Stipe leaves squarrose-spreading or recurved, 0.8 mm. long, tri-

angular-ovate, abruptly acuminate, channelled above.
285
Frond leaves about 1 mm. long, ovatedry, complanate, lanceolate, abruptly short acuminate; margins slightly recurved below, plane and sharply serrulate above; costa extending about up leaf, often ending in a minute dorsal tooth; cells narrow, linearrhomboidal, minutely papillose at apical angles above. Fruit not
faintly striate
when
seen.
(Fig. 127,
D-G.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark ^1*26.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Trinidad, South America.
On
tree trunk at rather
low altitude.
trim
little
plant growing
horizontally from the bark and distinct from
its local
congeners in
the squarrose stipe leaves.
2.
POROTRICHUM LONGIROSTRE (Hook.)

461.
1869.
1.
Neckera longirostris Hook., Muse. Exot. tab.
1818.
Secondary stems often robust, to 12 cm. long, freely bipinnate above in an irregular frond from a long, stipitate base, branches often long and slenderly attenuate. Stipe leaves small, distant, scariose and appressed near base, laxly spreading above. Frond
FIGURE 127 A-C, Pinnatella minuta: A,

plant,
D-G, Porotrichum
/N 14.
plicatulum: D, plant,
plant,
XI; B, stem leaf, X26; C, branch leaf, X26. XI; E, stipe leaf, X28; F, stem leaf,
Xl;
I,
X28; G, branch leaf, X28. H-J, Porotrichum longirostre: H,
stem
leaf,
X14;
J,
branch
leaf,
286
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
leaves of
main stem and branches complanate,
to 3
mm.
long, oblong-
ovate, short acuminate, serrulate above.
Ultimate branch leaves
smaller, narrower, sharply acuminate, coarsely serrate; costa ending far below apex; upper cells oval-rhomboidal, becoming linear below.
Seta about 2.5 cm. long; capsule nodding, ovoid, urn 2 mm. long; lid beaked, erect or oblique; peristome large. (Fig. 127, H-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71178, 71256, 71605, 71701, 911+09. Dept. 6861+9. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65390, Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 46661b, 1+6663. 651+1+2, 651+59, 85051, 85938. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1+6953, 1+7568. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 57811+, 58802, 60034, 61921+. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 581+15a. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 1+3580. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 1+2650. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyer-
San Marcos: Standley 68556a,
mark 30782.
Distribution: Costa Rica, South America.
On
trees
and damp banks at medium to high
altitudes.
very
variable species sometimes forming a compact, neat frond but frequently with the branches irregular and slenderly attenuate.
more The
leaves vary widely in size and shape depending upon their location in the frond but the ultimate branch leaves are always narrower,
more sharply pointed and more coarsely toothed.

3.
POROTRICHUM COBANENSE C. M.,
Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 202. 1897.
Secondary stems to 6 or 7 cm. long, regularly and laxly pinnate and bipinnate from a stipe-like base or often irregularly branched and obscurely stipitate, branches broad, blunt, or seldom shortly attenuate. Stipe leaves small, scariose, laxly appressed. Stem and branch leaves similar, about 2.5 mm. long, complanate, oblonglingulate, broadly rounded and abruptly acute, distantly and weakly serrate in upper half; costa strong, ending well above mid-leaf, often
with short lateral spurs above; upper cells oval-rhomboidal, shorter than in P. longirostre, gradually becoming linear below. Seta 1.5 cm. long; capsule ovoid, inclined, urn 2 mm. long. (Fig. 128, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71033, Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39151. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68651, 86328, 86501; Steyermark 85825, 35871a, 36764. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65310, 651+SSa, 651+78a, 671+08,
90071.
671+79, 67509, 67889, 67911, 68135, 68261a, 83301, 8331+0, 83351, 851+68, 85823,
85884, 85931, 85992, 8661+5, 87153; Steyermark 33660, 33661, 33880, 35140, 35161. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63695, 88960. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 61315. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29927. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32368, 321+88.
Panama.
On trees, damp banks and rocks at low to high altitudes. I distinguish this species from P. longirostre by the blunter branches

and broader, more abruptly pointed leaves with shorter apical
cells.
287
leaf
of the prostrate, scarcely dendroid forms bear little resemblance to the more typical plants
It varies
widely in habit.
Some
but the structural details are quite uniform.

4.
POROTRICHUM BREVIFOLIUM
1946.
Slender, densely tufted, yellowish green plants without lustre. Secondary stems 4.5 cm. high, copiously and irregularly branched from near the base, branches often flagelliform attenuate. Stem leaves about 1 mm. long, complanate, distichous, oblong-lingulate, obtuse, minutely mucronate; margins plane, inflexed on one side
below, weakly crenulate-denticulate above; costa weak, ending far below apex; upper cells subhexagonal with firm, pellucid walls, gradually more elongate below. Branch leaves similar but smaller, about 0.5 mm. long. (Fig. 128, D-F.)
m., Steyermark
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Vicinity of caves southwest of Lanquin, M098, TYPE.
alt.
600-1,000
Endemic.
On rocks around spring of cave outlet. Without any striking characters this species seems to be well distinguished by the slender
FIGURE 128
A-C, Porotrichum cobanense: A, plant, Xl; B, stem leaf, X14; C, branch X14. D-F, Porotrichum brevifolium: D, plant, Xl; E, stem leaf, X14; F, branch X14. G-I, Porotrichum guatemalense: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I, upper leaf and margin, X267.
leaf,
leaf,
cells
288
25
habit, flagelliform branchlets
and the small, weakly toothed leaves
rarely
more than
mm.
long.
5.
POROTRICHUM GUATEMALENSE
Robust dendroid
6
1946.
plants, yellowish brown; secondary stems erect, cm. long, simple below, subfasciculately branched above, branches turgid, subpinnately branched, attenuate. Leaves laxly
to
on all sides, concave, oblong-ovate, and irregularly serrate above; costa slender, ending about up, not toothed on back; upper leaf cells hexagonal, gradually more elongate below, basal cells short linear or narrowly recimbricated,
erect-spreading
acute, coarsely
tangular.
inclined,
Seta erect, flexuous, smooth, 7-8
urn
1.5
mm.
:
mm. long; capsule oblong, long; lid obliquely conic-rostrate. (Fig. 128,
G-I.)
Dept. Quezaltenango
Juan Ostuncalco,
alt.
Mountains southeast of Palestina on old road to San 2,550-2,850 m., Standley 84288a, TYPE.
Endemic.
On
tree.
In
many
(Hook.)
of northwestern
respects this species approaches P. neckeroides North America but the shorter, more
slender costa, not toothed on the back, seems to be a clear diagnostic character.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
POROTRICHUM UNDULATUM
is
1897.
No
material of this species
34.
LEMBOPHYLLACEAE
Plants slender to robust; secondary stems dendroid, erect or

arching, irregularly pinnate and bipinnate, densely foliate, julaceous, often radiculose at tips. Branch leaves imbricated, concave; costa
single or short
and double; cells linear or shorter and oval, smooth. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules nodding or horizontal; lid conicapiculate; peristome double.
1.
Robust plants, stem leaves short pointed, cells elongate Slender plants, stem leaves long acuminate, cells short
Porotrichodendron
2.
Rigodium
1.
POROTRICHODENDRON
Java
3: 937.
Fleisch.,
Laubmfl.
1908.
branches julaceous.
Robust glossy plants; secondary stems irregularly pinnate, Leaves concave, short pointed, toothed above;

costa single; cells linear, smooth, shorter
289
insertion.
and colored across

lid
Seta long, smooth; capsule ovoid, nodding; peristome double.
obliquely beaked;
1.
POROTRICHODENDRON SUPERBUM
zenf.
(Tayl.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflan-
Ed.
2,
11:206.
1925.
1846.
Leskea superba Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 61.
liferating
Secondary stems 4-12 cm. or more long, bipinnate, often profrom the main axis, branches terete-foliate, cuspidate at Lower leaves scariose, distant, laxly appressed; upper stem tips. leaves oblong-ovate from a broad, subcordate base, obtuse, apiculate, slightly complanate, to 2 mm. long; margins erect, serrulate toward apex; costa slender, ending well above mid-leaf; cells narrowly linear, shorter and rhomboidal near apex, short and yellowish across insertion. Branch leaves smaller. Seta elongate; capsule nodding,
ovoid;
lid
subulate-rostrate.
(Fig. 129,
A-D.)
:
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86283, 86J^55a, 86^63a. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 85073a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 60035a, 61104a, 80159.
ing in
and damp banks at rather high altitudes. Rarely fruitNorth America but readily separated from Porotrichum by the proliferous stems and closely imbricated, concave, branch leaves. The transfer to Porotrichodendron by Brotherus was evidently made prior to the above citation but I have not been successful in locating
trees
On
the original publication.
2.
RIGODIUM
Kunz. mss., Schwaegr., Linnaea 18: 599.
1844.
Secondary stems slender, simple and rigid below, copiously bi-tripinnately branched above, branches filiform-attenuate. Stem leaves squarrose-recurved, long acuminate. Branch leaves erectand shorter pointed, serrulate; costa nearly spreading, smaller Seta elongate, smooth; capsules percurrent; cells short, smooth.
nodding or horizontal;
1.
lid
short beaked; peristome double.
RIGODIUM GRACILE Ren.

197.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 32:
1893.
Dioicous; plants dull yellowish green; secondary stems 2-4 cm. high, branches very numerous, often curved when dry, filiformattenuate.
Leaves dimorphous; lower stem leaves distant, squarrose-
290
25
FIGURE 129
Porotrichodendron superbum: A, plant, XI; B, stem leaf, X14; C, branch leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X267. E-I, Rigodium gracile: E, plant, Xl; F, lower stem leaf, X14; G, upper stem leaf, X14; H, branch leaf, X14; I, upper leaf cells and margin, X267.
A-D,
recurved, broadly deltoid, abruptly long subulate-acuminate, erosedenticulate, ecostate; upper stem leaves similar but with a well
defined costa ending in acumen. Branch leaves much smaller, ovatelanceolate, acuminate, serrulate above; costa ending in acumen
below apex;
cells small, irregularly hexagonal, slightly elongate near costa at base. Seta 10-15 mm. long, reddish; capsule ovoidcylindric, contracted under the wide mouth when dry and empty,
urn 1.5
32769.
mm.
long.
(Fig. 129, E-I.)
Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 4.6661a, 46662.
Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark
On tree trunks at medium altitudes. This genus has nothing in common with the other genera grouped in the Lembophyllaceae and
might better be placed
in a separate family or included in either the Leskeaceae or Brachytheciaceae.
35.
PILOTRICHACEAE
Dioicous; slender to moderately robust rigid, dull plants, laxly

tufted.
pinnate.
Primary stems creeping, secondary stems pinnate to triLeaves imbricated on all sides; costa double, well developed,
291
ending below apex; cells uniform, parenchymatous, smooth or Seta short; capsules erect, mostly exserted; peristome papillose.
double;
lid short,
conic-rostrate; calyptra small, conical, pilose.
1.
PILOTRICHUM
1805.
We
1.
have but one genus with the characters
of the family.
4.
Stems tri pinnate, ultimate branches filiform Stems pinnate or bipinnate, branches less slender
Costa ending Costa ending
in a in
P. ramosissimum
2
3.
2.
prominent dorsal spine or tooth lamina or minutely aculeate
P. bipinnatum
3
3. Stems laxly pinnate, branches distant and few Stems pinnate and bipinnate, branches numerous
1.
2.
P. amazonum P. cryphaeoides
1.
PILOTRICHUM AMAZONUM Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.
12: 387.
1869.
Secondary stems brownish green, laxly pinnate, branches widely spreading. Leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate, concave, acute, minutely serrulate above; costa ending about up leaf, forks often unequal, in a minute dorsal prickle; cells narrowly oblong, frequently ending incrassate, faintly papillose. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 130, A-C.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 273 Ib, 3332a.
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 3 991 la.

Brazil.
Panama,
On branches of trees at low altitudes. More laxly and distantly branched than P. cryphaeoides and usually with a distinct brownish The costae usually end in a minute but evident prickle on tinge.
the dorsal tips.
2.
PILOTRICHUM CRYPHAEOIDES Besch., Ann.

1876.
Sci.
Nat. Ser.
6, 3:
219.
Secondary stems dull green, to 5-6 cm. long, often proliferous, usually pinnate but frequently bipinnate, branches numerous, about 1 cm. long. Leaves 1 mm. long or slightly longer, ovate, concave,
acute,
serrulate above;
costa ending well above mid-leaf, forks
unequal, not aculeate at tips; cells as in P. amazonum. Seta 1.5-2 mm. long, slightly curved; capsule oblong, urn 1 mm. long. (Fig.
130,
D-F.)
:
Dept. Quezaltenango 35291.
Steyermark 33512.
Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark
Distribution:
British
Honduras,
Guadeloupe,
Martinique,
Tobago.
292
25
FIGURE 130
A-C, Pilotrichum amazonum: A,
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X24; C, upper
leaf,
leaf cells
and margin, X267. D-F, Pilotrichum cryphaeoides: D, leaf in profile, X14.

in profile,
plant,
Xl; E, stem
X14; F, branch
I,
G-I, Pilotrichum bipinnatum: G, plant, Xl; H, stem
leaf,
X14;
branch
leaf
X14.
zonum but
and logs at medium altitudes. Very near P. amathink distinct in color and especially the more freely branched, proliferous and often bipinnate stems.
forest trees
I
On
3.
PILOTRICHUM BIPINNATUM (Schwaegr.)

263.
Brid.,
Bryol. Univ. 2:
1827.
I2
:
Neckera bipinnata Schwaegr., Suppl.
156.
1816.
Plants pale green, secondary stems to 8 or 10 cm. long but usually shorter, freely bipinnate from near base, branches to 2 or 3 cm. long, with numerous branchlets. Leaves arched when dry, with incurved Stem leaves about 1 mm. long, points, imbricated when moist.
concave, broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate; branch leaves smaller, acute, costae strong, extending nearly to base of acumen, ending in prominent dorsal spines at tips and often bearing clusters
of
serrulate above; cells narrowly oblong,
brood filaments on back; margins narrowly recurved below, Seta incrassate, smooth. 1-2 mm. long; capsule exserted, urn 1 mm. long, oblong-ovoid;
(Fig. 130, G-I.)
calyptra sparingly pilose.
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38188, 38905, 41879b. mark M814.; Standley 91622a.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyer-

Distribution: Nicaragua,
293
Panama, West
Indies,
South America.
in habit
On
trees at relatively
low altitudes.
Although variable
the slender, decompound branching and the conspicuous dorsal spines at the tips of the costae will identify this species without
much
4.
trouble.
PILOTRICHUM RAMOSISSIMUM
1869.
?Eupilotrichum filigranum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 204.
1897.
Plants very slender, pale green at tips, brown below; secondary stems to 5 cm. long, often proliferous, copiously tripinnate from a stipe-like base, ultimate branches filiform. Leaves of main axis 1.5 mm. long, broadly ovate from a cordate base, obtuse, decreasing rapidly in size to the ultimate branchlets where the leaves are only
mm. long, ovate, obtuse, concave; costae prominent at back, ending in a prominent dorsal spine and toothed near tip, extending about up leaf; cells small, oval-rhomboidal, minutely papillose. exserted on a short seta. (Fig. 131, A-C.) Capsule
0.4
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7 1701 a.
On tree at moderate altitude. These plants strongly resemble Thuidium in habit. I have not seen the type of Eupilotrichum filigranum but the description suggests beyond much doubt that it
belongs here.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
EUPILOTRICHUM FASCICULATUM C. M.,
1897.
No
material
is
available for study.

is
The
description suggests
P. bipinnatum but there
a large element of doubt.
36.
HOOKERIACEAE
stems.
Small to robust, often flaccid plants with branched, often flattened Leaves variable, frequently bordered; costa single, double
or lacking, usually ending well below apex; cells smooth or papillose, often wide and lax, alar group not differentiated. Seta elongate, smooth or scabrous; capsules inclined or horizontal, rarely erect;
294
25
peristome double, teeth often with a median furrow; calyptra mi triform, usually lobed or fringed at base, scabrous or pilose.
1.
Costa single Costa double or none
4
3.
cells
1.
2.
Leaves not bordered Leaves bordered with elongated
Adelothecium
3
3.
Leaves uniform, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate Leaves ovate, apiculate, lateral rows differentiated
Costa lacking Costa double, well developed
2.
Daltonia Leskeodon
5
9 6
4.
5.
Leaves entire Leaves toothed Leaves short pointed, cells rhomboidal Leaves long acuminate, cells linear Leaves acuminate, coarsely serrate above Leaves short pointed, denticulate
4.
6.
Hookeria
13.
Philophyllum
7.
12. Rhynchostegiopsis
8.
Leaves asymmetrical, cells linear, marginal teeth single .... 10. Isodrepanium Leaves symmetrical, cells hexagonal, marginal teeth often bifid 11. Crossomitrium Leaves strongly plicate Leaves not plicate
Peristome papillose, with a median zig-zag line Peristome teeth striolate, with a median furrow
14.
9.
Harpophyllum
10
11
10.
12
8.
11. Seta
smooth, slender, elongate, leaves uniform
Actinodontium
9.
Seta papillose or setose, often short, lateral leaves differentiated
Lepidopilum
Cyclodictyon 13
Callicostella
12.
Leaves bordered with narrow Leaves not bordered

Leaf Leaf
cells cells
cells
5.
13.
oval-hexagonal, often papillose elongate or linear, smooth
6.
7.
Hookeriopsis
1.
DALTONIA
Hook.
&
Tayl.,
Muse.
Brit. 80.
1818.
Stems laxly Leaves uniform, crowded, of leaf; cells lanceolate, bordered; costa single, ending in upper scabrous above; oval, smooth, linear at margins. Setae lateral, often
Mostly autoicous; small, often glossy
plants, tufted.
erect, simple or forked, scarcely flattened.
capsules suberect; peristome teeth papillose; calyptra fringed at

base.
1.
Leaf margin flat Leaf margin recurved

Seta smooth Seta scabrous above
1.
D. longifolia
2
2.
2.
D. tenuifolia 3. D. gracilis

1.
295
DALTONIA LONGIFOLIA
1848.
Plants yellowish green; stems to 2.5 cm. high. Leaves crowded, contorted when dry, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, oblong-ligulate, acuminate; margins plane, minutely denticulate above, border sharply defined, 4 rows wide at mid-leaf; costa ending about f up
spirally
leaf;
long,
cells oval, more lax and oblong below. Seta 10-12 mm. scabrous above; capsule erect, 1.5 mm. long; lid beaked; calyptra scabrous above, fringed at base. (Fig. 131, D-F.)
upper
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Turckheim 6660, 6661, 6662.

Standley 85089.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Islands.
West
Indies,
South America, Galapagos

Well marked
On
by the
2.
leaves with hepatics at rather high altitude.

flat leaf
margins.
DALTONIA TENUIFOLIA
1869.
Slender plants growing in small tufts; stems to 7 mm. high. Leaves crowded, erect, flexuous when dry, to 2.5 mm. long, linearlanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins narrowly revolute below,
FIGURE 131
A-C, Pilotrichum ramosissimum: A,
leaf in profile,
plant,
Xl; B, stem
leaf,
X14; C, branch
cells
X14.
D-F, Daltonia longifolia: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, upper leaf margin, X267. G-H, Daltonia ienuifolia: G, leaf, X14; H, capsule, XlO. I-J, Daltonia gracilis: I, capsule, XlO; J, leaf, X14.
and
296
25
and entire above, border narrow; costa ending f up leaf; upper oval-hexagonal, more lax, linear-oblong, hyaline and delicate at base. Seta smooth, 4-6 mm. long; capsule erect, ovoid; calyptra smooth above, deeply fringed at base. (Fig. 131, G-H.)
flat
cells
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 8896 le.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bolivia.
On
3.
tree at
medium
altitude.
The smooth
setae are distinctive.
DALTONIA GRACILIS
1869.
Small, slender, tufted plants, similar to D. tenuifolia but distinguished by the setae scabrous above or sometimes nearly half
way down;
I-J.)
calyptra slightly roughened above, fringed.
(Fig. 131,
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 6694.1 a.
Panama, South America.
sheaths at relatively low altitude. Broadly distributed but seldom collected independently as the small tufts are
usually mixed with other mosses or hepatics and are likely to escape the notice of anyone but an experienced field bryologist.
On Guadna
EXCLUDED SPECIES
DALTONIA LONGO-CUSPIDATA C. M.,
1897.
See note in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 46.
1931.
2.
LESKEODON
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
925.
1907.
Soft, pale green plants growing in thin mats. Stems short, simple or forked, complanate-foliate. Leaves somewhat dimorphous, dorsal and ventral rows erect, lateral rows spreading, ovate-spatulate, short
pointed, entire, narrowly bordered; costa single; cells hexagonal, smooth. Seta slender, often scabrous above; capsules erect or nodding, minute, ovoid; peristome teeth papillose; lid beaked; calyptra fringed at base.
A well marked genus with the gametophyte and the sporophyte of Daltonia.
Leaf apiculus very short, basal Leaf apiculus longer, basal
leaf cells firm
cells lax
of Distichophyllum
1.
L. andicola
2.
L. mexicanus

1.
297
3
:
LESKEODON ANDICOLA
926.
(Spruce) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
1907.
Distichophyllum andicola Spruce,
MS.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 395.
1869.
Autoicous; stems 5-10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide with leaves, complanate-foliate. Lateral leaves 2 mm. long, slightly contorted when dry, oblong-ovate, abruptly short apiculate, entire, narrowly bord-
around with one row of long, narrow cells; costa ending about up leaf; cells rounded-hexagonal, 18-20 n in diameter near costa, smaller toward margins, larger and oblong-hexagonal toward base. Dorsal and ventral rows erect, similar but smaller. Seta very slender, 2-3.5 mm. long; capsule nodding, ovoid, urn 0.5 mm. long; calyptra fringed at and near base, sparingly pilose above. (Fig. 132, A-D.)
ered
all
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39075
(as L.
pusillum (Mitt.) Broth.).
Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, South America.
low altitude. Distichophyllum cubense Mitt, a form of this species and as the leaf apex varies probability considerably in outline even on the same stem I suspect that D, pusillum Mitt, may prove to be in the same form circle.
of tree at
is in all
On bark
2.
LESKEODON MEXICANUS
Plants similar in
size,
1911.
habit and coloring to L. andicola but
leaves long apiculate, bordered with two rows of elongated cells; basal leaf cells very lax, with thin, delicate walls. (Fig. 132, E-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71632a.
On log in wet forest at moderate altitude. The distinctions between this species and L. andicola are none too convincing but the few plants segregated under the above number show the leaves
uniformly longer pointed.
3.
ADELOTHECIUM
flat,
1869.
ascending, very
brown plants, densely tufted. Stems forked, often ending in a short, curved, microLeaves ovate, short pointed, unbordered; phyllous, caudate tip. costa strong, nearly percurrent; cells rounded, smooth. Seta short;
Dioicous; robust golden
capsules erect, exserted; peristome teeth pellucid, endostome lacking; calyptra plicate, lobed at base, pilose below.
298

I
25
FIGURE 132
Xl; B, lateral leaf, X14; C, median leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X267. E-F, Leskeodon mexicanus: E, lateral leaf, X14; F, median leaf, X14. G-I, Adelothecium bogotense: G, plant, Xl; H, lateral leaf, X10; I, upper leaf cells and margin, X267.
A-D, Leskeodon
andicola: A, plant,
1.
ADELOTHECIUM BOGOTENSE (Hampe)

391.
1869.
Sci.
Hookeria bogotensis Hampe, Ann.
Nat. Ser.
5, 5:
303.
1865.
Stems 3-4 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, often horizontally spreading from tree trunks. Leaves ovate from a narrow, asymmetrical, slightly decurrent base, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, abruptly
apiculate; margins
cells small,
flat, minutely crenulate; costa ending in apiculus; irregularly rhomboidal, incrassate, smooth, linear and porose near costa at base. Very rarely fruiting, sporophyte not seen.
(Fig. 132, G-I.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 89996. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark ^31t85. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark ^8228. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 3276 9a.
West
Indies,
South America.
On
and
tree trunks at
medium
easily
unaltered
present.
known by when dry and the
to high altitudes. Highly individual the robust, flattened stems with the leaves
small, caudate tips
which are usually
4.
HOOKERIA
Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. 9:276.
1808.
Soft, pale green plants in flat mats.
Leaves
large, ecostate, entire; cells large
Stems complanate-foliate. and lax. Seta elongate,

smooth; capsules inclined, ovoid; endostome lacking cilia.
lid
299
beaked; peristome double,
1.
HOOKERIA ACUTIFOLIA Hook.,
in Schwaegr., Suppl. 2 2 :36.
1826.
wide, fragile. Leaves 3-4 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, often radiculose at tips; cells oblong-hexagonal, thin walled, 50-60 n wide, the marginal row more elongated. Seta 1-2 cm. long; capsule subpendulous, urn
Dioicous; stems usually simple, 8-10
mm.
1-2
mm.
long; lid long beaked.
(Fig. 133,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 86^00. 65S67a, 85994a.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 658S8,
Distribution: Eastern United States, Costa Rica, South America, India, Ceylon, Java.
West
Indies,
On
moist banks at high altitudes.
The
leaf cells are large
enough
to be plainly defined under a
hand
lens.
5.
CYCLODICTYON
Medium
1864.
growing in thin mats. Leaves complanate, oblongovate, bordered; cells large and lax, smooth; costa double, ending above mid-leaf. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules horizontal; peristome teeth striolate, furrowed along median line; calyptra naked.
sized, soft plants,
lustre,
without
Stems prostrate, branched,
flattened.
1.
Leaf border wide, 5-6 cells wide above Leaf border narrow, 1-3 cells wide above
2. C.
roridum
2
2.
Leaves short acuminate, cells mostly isodiametrical Leaves long acuminate, cells longer than wide
3.
1. C, albicans
3.
Plants yellowish or brown, leaves oblong, costae toothed on back

C. rubrisetum C. erubescens
Plants purplish, leaves wider, costae smooth
4.
1.
CYCLODICTYON ALBICANS (Hedw.) Broth., E.

I
3
:
&
P. Pflanzenf.
935.
1907.
1801.
Hypnum
albicans
Autoicous; stems pale green, 2-3 cm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide. mm. long, oblong-ovate, abruptly short acuminate, bordered with 1-3 rows of elongated cells, serrulate toward narrowly apex; costae ending about f up, weakly toothed on back toward tips; cells rounded -hexagonal, 25-45 M in diameter, thin walled,
Lateral leaves 1.5
300
25
H
FIGURE 133
A-C, Hookeria
margin, X53. margin, X107.
acutifolia:
A, plant, Xl; B,
leaf,
X8; C, upper
X16; F, upper
leaf cells
leaf cells
and
D-F, Cyclodictyon
albicans:
D, plant, Xl; E,
leaf,
and
G-H,
Cyclodictyon roridum: G, leaf, X16; H, upper leaf cells and margin, X107.
Seta 12-18 mm. long, reddish; ovoid with a tapering neck, constricted under capsule horizontal, mouth when dry; calyptra small, naked, lobed at base. (Fig. 133,
more
lax
and oblong near base.
D-F.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39063, 39272, 41781, 41866a, 41899. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70728, 91520; Steyermark 45553. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 8719^, 87205. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58958, 58985, 58987. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 89531.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
banks, logs and rocks at low altitudes. Until a critical revision of the tropical American species is made the species concepts must remain obscure. C. albicans as broadly interpreted probably includes C. humectatum Card, in addition to a number of poorly delimited species. The leaf cells are isodiametrical but not uniform in size; the border and the serrulation also vary considerably but the modifications seem trivial and unstable.
On wet
2.
CYCLODICTYON RORIDUM (Hampe) Broth., E.

935.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
I3
1907.
1869.
Hookeria rorida Hampe, Linnaea 32: 155. 1863. Hookeria riparia Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 345.
301
Autoicous; brownish green plants; stems to 5-6 cm. long, sparingly Leaves crowded, shrunken and contorted when dry, branched. 2-2.5 mm. long, oblong-ovate, short acuminate, broadly bordered with 5-6 rows of narrow cells, denticulate above; costae strong, extending about f up, one fork often merging with the border cells, smooth on back; cells rounded-hexagonal, about 25 M in Seta diameter toward apex, laxer, oblong and hyaline below. short; capsule inclined, ovoid; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra lobed at
base (sporophyte not seen).
(Fig. 133,
G-H.)
Distribution: Porto Rico, Colombia, Ecuador.
rocks at high altitudes. The broadly bordered leaves and smooth costae seem to define this species adequately. H. strong, riparia as represented by Spruce No. 593 differs in no essential details from C. roridum as far as I can see.
On wet
3.
CYCLODICTYON RUBRISETUM
I
3
:
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
936.
1907.
1869.
Hookeria rubriseta Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 341.
Dioicous; plants pale green; stems prostrate, 1-3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide. Leaves contorted when dry, oblong, abruptly slenderly acu-
minate, narrowly bordered with 2-3 rows of elongated
cells,
sharply
slightly
serrulate above; costae slender, extending f up, toothed
on back
toward
tips; cells oval-hexagonal,
about 25 n wide, 50 n long,
larger toward base. Seta stout, red, 10-15 inclined. (Fig. 134, A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 85061.
mm.
long; capsule ovoid,
On
log at rather high altitude.
acuminate leaves with the upper

4.
cells
Distinguished by the slenderly twice as long as wide.
CYCLODICTYON ERUBESCENS
1946.
Glossy plants with a deep reddish purple tinge, growing in lax mats. Stems about 2 cm. long, irregularly branched, branches short, obtuse, 3 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves flexuous when dry, crowded, 2-2.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to a long, slender point, bordered with about 3 rows of linear cells, entire; costa double, the
on the back;
forks slightly divergent cells lax
and ending far below base of acumen, smooth and smooth, oval-hexagonal above, to 50 n
302

F
25
FIGURE 134
A-C, Cyclodictyon rubrisetum: A, and margin, X107. D-E, Cyclodictyon erubescens: D, X107.
plant,
leaf,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X16; C, upper
leaf cells
leaf cells
X16; E, upper
leaf,
and margin,
leaf cells
F-I, Callicostella pallida: F, plant, Xl; G, margin, X267; I, capsule, XlO.
X28; H, upper
and
long, gradually
(Fig.
becoming rectangular below. 134, D-E.)

:
Sporophyte unknown.
Dept. Huehuetenango
Cerro Victoria, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, near
Barillas, alt. 1,800-2,000 m., Steyermark 49760, TYPE.
Endemic.
Distinct from C. rubrisetum in the red coloration, wider entire
leaves and the costae smooth on the back.
6.
CALLICOSTELLA
Suppl.
1
(C.

:
(Muse. Ind. Or.)
136.
1859. 1851.
Hookeria Sec. Callicostella C. M., Syn. 2: 216.

Plants resembling Cyclodictyon but less delicate.
Stems prostrate,
branched, complanate-foliate. Leaves oblong, short pointed, serrulate above, not bordered; costa double; cells small, oval, usually Seta elongate, smooth or papillose; capsules horizontal; papillose. as in Cyclodictyon; calyptra usually scabrous, lobed at peristome
base.

1.
303
C. pallida 2
Seta scabrous, leaf Seta smooth, leaf
cells
unipapillate
1.
cells
smooth
2.
Leaves acuminate, costae ending well below apex 2. C. Bernoullii Leaves broadly rounded or minutely mucronate, costae ending near apical 3. C. Vatteri margins
1.
CALLICOSTELLA PALLIDA
1876-77.
(Hornsch.)
64.
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
257.
Hookeria pallida Hornsch., Fl. Bras.
1840.
wide.
Autoicous; stems 2-3 cm. long, rather freely branched, 1.5 mm. Leaves flexuous with incurved points when dry, oblong,
obtusely rounded or minutely apiculate, serrulate about half way down, about 1 mm. long; costae ending near apex, toothed on back
above;
cells small and dense, hexagonal, sharply unipapillate, becoming oblong, smooth and pellucid near base. Seta about 1 cm. long,
scabrous throughout; capsule ovoid, urn

F-I.)
mm.
long.
(Fig.
134,
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2589b; Bartlett 12598. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark ^1779. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91^78. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 68229.
:
West
Indies, Central
altitudes.
and South America. Widely distributed
On logs and wet banks at medium and probably rich in synonymy.

2.
CALLICOSTELLA BERNOULLII
I
3
:
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
937.
1907.
1897.
Hookeria Bernoullii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 207.
Autoicous; slender, yellowish green plants in dense, intricate mats. Stems 1-2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide. Leaves crispate when dry,
long, oblong, concave, abruptly short acuminate, serrulate costae ending in a dorsal prickle some distance below apical above; margins; cells smooth, oval-hexagonal above, oblong below. Seta
slender,
1-1.3
mm.
smooth, 8-11 mm. long; capsule nodding or horizontal, ovoid, urn 1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 135, A-D.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 45S81.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 45209.
Endemic.
On
logs at low altitudes.
No
type material
is
available for comto
parison but these collections correspond

description.
closely
the original
304
25
FIGURE 135
Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X267; D, capsule, XlO. E-I, Callicostella Vatteri: E, 'plant, Xl; F and G, leaves, X14; H, apical leaf cells and margin, X267; I, capsule, X8. J-L, Hookeriopsis subfalcata: J, plant, Xl; K, leaf, X16; L, upper leaf cells and margin, X267.
A-D,
Callicostella Bernoullii: A, plant,
3.
CALLICOSTELLA VATTERI
1946.
Autoicous; dull yellowish green plants in rather lax tufts. Stems 2-3 cm. long, irregularly branched, branches short, blunt, complanate-foliate, about 2.5 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves contorted
when dry, spreading when moist, 1.5 mm. long, oblong, obtusely rounded, serrulate at apex with projecting cells; costa double, stout, ending in or near margins very close to apex, slightly toothed on back near tips; cells smooth, incrassate, the upper oval-hexagonal, irregular in shape, longest diameter 12-20 n, basal cells rectangular. Seta smooth, 15 mm. long; capsule horizontal, narrowly ovoid, urn about 1.5 mm. long; lid long conic-rostrate. (Fig. 135, E-I.)
Dept. Zacapa: Trail between Rio Steyermark 29473, TYPE.
Hondo and
waterfall, alt.
250-400 m.,
Endemic.
Moist rocky slopes near hydro-electric station. A very individual species for the genus in the smooth leaf cells, smooth seta and the stout costae ending in or near the apical leaf margins. It is suggestive of Pilotrichidium callicostatum (C. M.) but is distinct in the larger, pellucid leaf cells and the coarsely serrate leaf apex.
305
In view of the time and effort devoted to field work on the Guatemalan mosses by Mr. A. E. Vatter, who accompanied Dr. Steyermark on his last expedition, I take pleasure in associating his name with
this
unusual species.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
HOOKERIA FALLAX
available for study.
1897.
No
7.
material
is
HOOKERIOPSIS
(Besch.) Jaeg.,
Adumb. 2:262.
Sci.
1874-75.
Hookeria subg. Hookeriopsis Besch., Ann. Ser. 6, 3:240. 1876.
Nat.
Slender to rather robust plants growing in dense mats. Stems Leaves ovate-lanceolate, prostrate, branched, complanate-foliate. serrate above; costa double, ending above midunbordered, usually
narrowly hexagonal to linear, smooth or papillose at apical Seta elongate, usually smooth; capsules nodding or horiangles. zontal; peristome double, teeth with a median furrow, endostome lacking cilia; lid slenderly beaked; calyptra naked, lobed at base.
leaf; cells
1.
Leaves obtuse Leaves acute or acuminate
5.
H. incurva
2
2.
Leaves falcate-secund, filiform-acuminate Leaves erect-spreading, acumen shorter

Cells narrowly linear Cells shorter and broader
Cells linear-rhomboidal, leaf margins densely
3.
1.
H. subfalcata
3
angustiretis
3.
H.
4.
teeth
Cells oval-hexagonal, margins less
and coarsely serrate with paired 2. H. Crugeriana 4. H. guatemalensis strongly serrate
1.
HOOKERIOPSIS SUBFALCATA (Hampe)

1876-77.
Hookeria subfakata Hampe, Ann.
Sci.
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1866.
2:
266.
Nat. Ser.
5, 5:
305.
Autoicous; slender yellowish green plants; stems 2-3 cm. long, Leaves crowded, falcate-secund, 1.5 mm. long, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long and finely acuminate, denticulate above; costae extending well into acumen; cells linear, sharply papillose at apical angles above, smooth below. Seta 2.5 cm. long, red;
freely branched.
capsule horizontal, urn 1.5

long.
(Fig. 135, J-L.)
mm.
long; lid conic-rostrate, 1.2
mm.
306
25
FIGURE 136
A-C, Hookeriopsis Crugeriana: A,
and margin, X267. D-F, Hookeriopsis and margin, X267.
cells
plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, upper
X14; F, upper
leaf cells leaf cells leaf
angustiretis:
D, plant, Xl; E,
leaf,
G-I, Hookeriopsis guatemalensis: G, plant, Xl; H, and margin, X267.
leaf,
X14;
I,
upper
Dept. Huehuetenango
31018, 31019.
Steyermark ^8790.
On
trees
and damp ground at moderately high
altitudes.
The
slender habit and narrow, finely acuminate, falcate leaves distinguish this species at a glance.
2.
HOOKERIOPSIS CRUGERIANA
1876-77.
(C.
M.)
1851.
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
263.
Hookeria Crugeriana C. M., Syn. 2: 208.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green, glossy; stems to 3 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide. Leaves crowded, erect to slightly spreading, not undulate, 2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, concave, obtusely acute, coarsely serrate above middle with bifid teeth; costae ending well above mid-leaf, serrate on back toward tips; cells linear, smooth, shorter across insertion. Seta 2 cm. long; capsule horizontal, ovoidcylindric, contracted under mouth, urn 2 mm. long. (Fig. 136, A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 6 53 06 a.
:
Distribution: Colombia, Trinidad, Barbados.
307
On wet bank at high altitude. America as far as I know.

3.
Not recorded
before from Central
HOOKERIOPSIS ANGUSTIRETIS
1946.
Plants bright green, slightly glossy; stems elongate, sparsely Leaves branched, 3 mm. wide with leaves, complanate-foliate. slightly rugose when dry, widely spreading when moist, ovatelanceolate, acuminate, not at all constricted at apex; margins minutely denticulate above, entire below; costae smooth on back, ending some distance below base of acumen; cells narrowly linear,
smooth.
alt.
Sporophyte unknown.
(Fig. 136,
D-F.)
miles west of Cubilguitz,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Montana Yxocubvain, 300-500 m., Steyermark M970, TYPE.
2^
Endemic.
H.
This species seems to be near Card, of Costa Rica but differs appreciably in the ovate-lanceolate leaves not constricted at the apex, the longer acumination and narrower and longer leaf cells.
vertical bluff.
laevinervis
Hanging from
Ren.
&
4.
HOOKERIOPSIS GUATEMALENSIS
1946.
Dull brownish green plants in densely interwoven mats; stems 3-4 cm. long, -irregularly branched, complanate-foliate, 2.5 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves crispate when dry, erect-spreading when moist, not undulate, broadly oblong-ovate, very shortly acute, 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide; margins coarsely dentate above, teeth often bifid; costa double, ending far below apex, sparingly toothed on back near the tips; upper leaf cells smooth, irregularly oval-hexagonal, longest diameter 20-25 M, gradually more elongate below, basal cells rectangular. Seta 10-12 mm. long, smooth, curved at tip; capsule horizontal or subpendulous, ovoid from a short neck, brown urn
1
mm.
long; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra laciniate at base, scabrous

tip.
toward the
alt.
(Fig. 136, G-I.)
Dept. Izabal: Between Bananera and "La Presa" in Montana del Mico, 40-300 m., Steyermark 382^3, TYPE; also 38907.
Endemic. On logs and living trees. Near H. diffusa (Wils.) but leaves more broad and not undulate and setae shorter.
5.
HOOKERIOPSIS INCURVA (Hook.

zenf.
I
3
:
&
Grev.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflan-
942.
1907.
Hookeria incurva Hook.
&
Grev., Brewst. Edinb. Journ. 2: 231.
1825.
308
25
FIGURE 137
A-C, D-F, Actinodontium
G-J, Lepidopilum
sporophyte, X8.
Hookeriopsis incurva: A, plant,
Standleyi: D, plant,
brevipes:
Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, leaf apex, X53. Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, capsule, XlO. G, plant, Xl; H and I, lateral leaves, XlO; J,
Autoicous; robust plants, dull green tinged with red, in extensive mats. Stems 2-6 cm. long, freely branched, 3-5 mm. wide. Lateral
leaves widely spreading, slightly shrivelled when dry, not undulate, 2-2.5 mm. long, oblong-obovate, obtuse, sharply serrate above middle
with paired teeth; costae ending about up, toothed on back above; cells oval-hexagonal, smooth, about 30 p. wide, more elongate below. Seta 2-2.5 cm. long; capsule horizontal, ovoid-cylindric, urn 2 mm.
long.
(Fig. 137,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark bt.790; Turckheim 6911.
West
Indies,
South America.
obtuse, laxly areolate leaves, serrate with paired teeth, sharply distinguish this species from any of its associates.
On log at low altitude. The obovate,
EXCLUDED SPECIES
HOOKERIA LEVIERI
Broth., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 206.
is
1897.
No
material
is
available and the species
omitted by Brotherus
in the "Pflanzenfamilien."

8.
309
ACTINODONTIUM
Schwaegr., Suppl.
2,
75.
1826.
Heteroicous; plants gregarious or in small tufts; stems ascending, densely foliate on all sides. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, subentire; Seta costa double to beyond mid-leaf; cells elongate, smooth. elongate, smooth; capsules erect; lid long beaked; peristome teeth papillose with a zig-zag median line, bordered by the wider dorsal
plates,
segments of endostome narrow from a low basal membrane;
calyptra naked, laciniate at base.
1.
ACTINODONTIUM STANDLEYI
1946.
Dioicous; small yellowish green plants; stems about 1 cm. high, radiculose at base. Leaves uniform, crowded, erect when dry, 2-2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, short acuminate, entire;
costae extending about up, smooth on back; margins narrowly revolute; cells narrowly rhomboidal, 15 /z wide, 90 M long, smooth, shorter and lax at extreme base. Seta slender, smooth, 1 cm. long;
capsule erect, cylindric, urn 2

laciniate at base.
(Fig. 137,
mm.
long; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra
D-F.)
alt.
Dept. Suchitepequez: Near Pueblo Nuevo,

(in part).
about 750 m., Standley
6691*1
Endemic.
Wet thicket; on Guadna sheaths. The leaves are appreciably broader and more shortly pointed than in A. Sprucei, which has been collected in Costa Rica. The distinction is slight but uniform in the limited material available for comparison.
9.
LEPIDOPILUM
1827.
Slender to robust, often glossy plants growing in lax tufts.
Primary stems creeping, secondary stems suberect, usually complanDorsal and ventral rows ate-foliate, simple or sparingly branched. of leaves erect; lateral rows larger, spreading, asymmetrical, acuminate, serrate above; costa double, ending near mid-leaf or shorter; cells smooth, narrowly hexagonal, often linear toward margins, form-
ing an indistinct border,
more elongate below. Setae to 1 cm. or more long, mostly papillose or densely setose; capsules erect; peristome teeth with a fine, zig-zag median line, usually bordered by the
lid conical;
broader dorsal plates, segments narrow from a low basal membrane; calyptra naked or ramentose.
310

of
25
cells
1.
Leaves distinctly bordered with 3 or more rows Leaf border none or of 1 row of narrow cells
Synoicous, stems attenuate at tips, leaves 6-7 Dioicous, stems blunt, leaves shorter
narrow
2 5
2.
mm.
long.
8.
L. polytrichoides
3
7.
3.
Leaf Leaf
cells
very lax, to 125
/*
long
/*
cells firm, less
than 60
long
cells
L. diaphanum 4
4.
Leaves abruptly short acuminate, upper

Leaves acute, upper
cells
rounded, nearly isodiametrical

10. L. subtortifolium
9.
oval-hexagonal
L. tortifolium
1.
5.
Setae short, about 2 mm. long Setae 5 mm. or more long
L. brevipes 6
7 8
6.
Setae densely prickly, leaf cells long and narrow Setae papillose, leaf cells rhomboidal
Setae 9-10 Setae 5-6
7.
mm. long, autoicous mm. long, dioicous
2.
L. haplociliatum 4. L. radicale
3.
8.
Setae smooth below Setae scabrous to base
L. cubense
9
9.
Costa ending near mid-leaf Costa shorter, ending up
5.
L.
6.
Mohrianum
L. subenerve
leaf
1.
LEPIDOPILUM BREVIPES Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 376.

Lepidopilum Decaisnei Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 84.
1871.
1869.
Autoicous; slender plants; stems to 3-4 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide. Lateral leaves 2.5-3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate
above; costae slender, ending near mid-leaf; cells linear-rhomboidal. Seta 2-3 mm. long, coarsely papillose throughout; capsule ovoid, erect, urn 1 mm. long; calyptra small, sparingly ramentose. (Fig.
137, G-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44734- Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68533a, 68649a. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33 Ml a, 33 4.4.20,. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 66872a, 66914.
:
Panama, Peru. and rocks at low to moderately high altitudes. If there are any distinctions between L. brevipes and L. Decaisnei I fail to find them. Nos. 33441a, 33442a, 44734 and 68649a in the above

trees
On
series
may
38: 41.
be referable to the var. brevicuspis Card. (Rev. Bryol. 1911) but the differences are not impressive.
2.
LEPIDOPILUM HAPLOCILIATUM
223.
(C.
M.)
1900.
1897.
Hookeria haplociliata C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 206.
311
Autoicous; pale green, glossy plants; stems to 3-4 cm. long, Lateral leaves 3-3.5 mm. long, complanate-foliate, 6 mm. wide.
narrowly oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrulate toward apex; Setae slender, costae slender, ending near mid-leaf; cells linear. 8-9 mm. long, densely hispid, papillose at extreme base; capsule inclined, ovoid-cylindric, urn 1.5-2 mm. long; peristome 1 mm. long; calyptra sparsely ramentose. (Fig. 138, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley Marcos: Standley 865 48b.
70J^90a, 907736, 9081 5a, 91Jt85.
Dept. San
On
trees at
moderate
altitudes.
have not seen the types of
either L. haplociliatum or L. Mulleri (Hampe) Mitt, and therefore hesitate to make the reduction but strongly suspect that they are
one and the same species.
3.
LEPIDOPILUM CUBENSE
1869.
Hookeria cubensis
Sull.,
(Sull.) Mitt.,
Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 384.
Proc.
Am. Acad.
1861: 285.
1861.
Dioicous? plants yellowish green, densely gregarious; stems about 2 cm. high, complanate-foliate, 4 mm. wide. Lateralleaves slightly
shrivelled
when
dry, 2.5
mm.
long, oblong-ovate, abruptly sharp
FIGURE 138
A-C, Lepidopilum D-F, Lepidopilum
haplociliatum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, capsule, X8. cubense: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X14; F, calyptra, X8.
radicale:
G-H, Lepidopilum
G, plant, Xl; H,
leaf,
X14.
312
25
acuminate, serrulate above; costae ending about up; cells ovallinear in one row at margins, more elongate below. Seta hexagonal, 8-9 mm. long, scabrous above, smooth below; capsule erect, ovoidcylindric, urn 2-2.5 mm. long; calyptra 3 mm. long, extending half way down urn, ramentose. (Fig. 138, D-F.)
Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba.
On
tree trunk at
medium
altitude.
Until the tropical American
species of
synonymy
4.
Lepidopilum are resolved it is hopeless to indicate the and distribution of this complex group.
LEPIDOPILUM RADICALE
1869.
Dioicous; stems to 4 cm. or more long, 4 mm. wide. Lateral leaves 3 mm. long, oblong-ovate, short acuminate, serrulate above; costa short and inconspicuous, ending below mid-leaf; cells linear.
Seta 5-6
cylindric,
mm.
long, hispid throughout; capsule inclined, oblong-
urn 1.5
mm.
:
long; calyptra sparingly ramentose.
(Fig.
138,
G-H.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33881?
Distribution: Guadeloupe, Martinique, South America. On moist rocks at moderate altitude. sterile collection and
hence open to question. the type collection.

5.
The
leaf characters
correspond well with
LEPIDOPILUM MOHRIANUM C. M., Linnaea 38:
649.
1874.
Autoicous; stems 1-2 cm. long, 3 mm. wide. Lateral leaves 1.5 long, ovate-lanceolate, acute or short acuminate, serrulate; costae slender, ending near mid-leaf; cells oval-hexagonal, one row at margins linear, more elongate below. Seta 8 mm. long, densely hispid above, coarsely papillose near base; capsule inclined, oblong, urn 1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 139, A-C.)
mm.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 88961
(as L. amplirete).
On
tree at
moderate
altitude.
Determined from description;
type not seen.

6.
LEPIDOPILUM SUBENERVE
1827.
Autoicous; stems 1-2 cm. long, branched, 3

leaves 1.5
mm.
wide.
Lateral
mm.
long,
oblong-lanceolate,
short acuminate, asym-

metrical, serrulate above; costae slender
313
and
short,
seldom extending
more than 34 up
Seta 6-9
leaf; cells
narrowly hexagonal, more elongate below.
long, coarsely hispid throughout; capsule inclined, oblong; calyptra ramentose. (Fig. 139, D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark
mm.
West
Indies,
South America.
On log at low altitude. The asymmetrical, short pointed leaves with short costae and the strongly scabrous, short setae seem to be distinctive but the group needs clarifying.
7.
LEPIDOPILUM DIAPHANUM (Hedw.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.

382.
12:
1869.
Sp. Muse. 243.
1801.
Hypnum diaphanum Hedw.,
Dioicous; plants pale green with an iridescent sheen; secondary stems to 4 cm. long, simple or branched, 4-5 mm. wide. Leaves thin and delicate, lateral rows widely spreading, asymmetrical,
mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, broadly ovate, entire, rapidly contracted to a subulate-acuminate point, median rows shorter; costae slender, ending near mid-leaf or often nearly lacking; cells large, lax,
2.5
FIGURE 139 A-C, Lepidopilum Mohrianum: A,

X8.
plant,
Xl; B,
lateral leaf,
X14; C, capsule,
D-F, Lepidopilum
leaf
subenerve:
D, plant, Xl; E,
lateral leaf,
G-I, Lepidopilum diaphanum: G, plant, Xl; H, lateral cells and margin, X120.
X14; F, capsule, X8. leaf, XlO; I, upper
314
25
hexagonal-rhomboidal, to 120 M long, 30-40 n wide, narrower toward margins in 3-4 rows forming an indistinct border. (Fig. 139, G-I.)
1+2371,.
(as L. vesicularioides)
Distribution: Jamaica.
dripping rock slide at moderate altitude. This is a noteworthy collection and a rather startling addition to the Guatemalan flora. Apparently the species has never been recollected since the
By
Comparisons with a few fragments original gathering by Swartz. of the type in the York Botanical Garden show a complete
New
agreement.
8.
LEPIDOPILUM POLYTRICHOIDES (Hedw.)

269.
Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2:
1827.
polytrichoides
Hypnum
1801.
?Hookeria Carionis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 205.
1897.
Usually synoicous; robust plants, secondary stems to 8 cm. high, simple or sparingly branched, 10-12 mm. wide, attenuate at tips. Leaves contorted when dry, lateral rows widely spreading, 5-6 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, oblong-ovate, abruptly subulate-acuminate, serrate in upper half; costae strong, ending above mid-leaf; cells narrowly rhomboidal, linear in 3-5 rows at margins; median leaves
smaller, ovate. Seta 3 mm. long, coarsely papillose; capsule erect, urn 1.5 mm. long; calyptra ramentose. (Fig. 140, A-D.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39067, 1+1736; Standley 72902. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 1+1+981+, 1+55 l+8a. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 1+9368.
:
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
trees at
fruiting.
low altitudes. Widely distributed and frequently Probably the commonest species of the genus in the
American
tropics.
9.
LEPIDOPILUM TORTIFOLIUM Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 374.

1869.
Dioicous; stems slender, to 4 cm. long, simple or forked, 3 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves strongly contorted when dry, lateral rows
erect-spreading, 1.5-2 mm. long, oblong, acute, serrulate near apex, up; cells ovalbroadly bordered; costae strong, ending about
hexagonal, 25-30 M wide, averaging 1:2, linear in 3-6 rows at margins forming a rather distinct border; median leaves shorter, broadly ovate. Seta slender, 10 mm. long, sharply papillose throughout;

capsule inclined, ovoid-cylindric, urn 1.5 ramentose. (Fig. 140, E-H.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38819, 1*1866.
315
mm.
long; calyptra sparingly
On damp banks
at low altitudes.
The sporophyte
characters are
described from a Costa Rican collection.
10.
LEPIDOPILUM SUBTORTIFOLIUM
1946.
Rather robust plants, pale green; stems complanate-foliate, sparingly branched, about 5 mm. wide with leaves. Leaves subappressed and strongly contorted when dry, widely spreading when moist,
oblong, short acuminate, 2-2.5
wide, broadly bordered with 6-7 rows of long, narrow cells; costae stout, extending nearly to base of acumen, often ending in and confluent with the border on one side; upper leaf cells hexagonal, nearly isodiametrical, diameter 12-20 M, basal cells laxer, rectangular, thin walled. Fruit
long,
mm.
mm.
unknown.
(Fig. 141,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 m., Steyermark 35711* TYPE;
also 36928.
Endemic.
FIGURE 140
Xl; B, lateral leaf, XlO; C, upper and margin, X133; D, capsule, X8. E-H, Lepidopilum tortifolium: E, plant, Xl; F, lateral leaf, X14; G, median leaf, X14; H, upper leaf cells and margin, X108.
polytrichoides: A, plant,
leaf cells
A-D, Lepidopilum
316
25
FIGURE 141
A-C, Lepidopilum subtortifolium: A, plant, Xl; B, lateral leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X108. D-G, Isodrepanium lentulum: D, part of plant, Xl; E and F, leaves, X12; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X267.
Moist slopes below overhanging ledge at base of waterfall. Although near L. tortifolium Mitt, this species may be distinguished by the shorter upper leaf cells and longer costae.
10.
ISODREPANIUM
Lepidopilum
sec.
(Mitt.) E. G. Britt., Torreya 14: 28.
1914.
Isodrepanium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:366. 1869.
Dioicous; plants robust, golden green, glossy; secondary stems elongate, pendent, pinnate or bipinnate, complanate-foliate. Leaves cultriform, short pointed, serrulate; costa lacking or very short and
double; cells linear.
1.
ISODREPANIUM LENTULUM
1914.
(Wils.) E. G. Britt.,
Torreya 14: 28.
Homalia
Neckera
lentula Wils.,
falcifolia
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20: 397.
1847.
1893.
Ren.
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 32: 184.
Secondary stems to 20 cm. or more long, often shorter, irregularly Leaves crowded, appearing dispinnate to regularly bipinnate. with decurved apices, about 2 mm. long, tichous, widely spreading
317
oblong, abruptly short acuminate, very asymmetrical, serrulate above middle; costa usually very short and double, often lacking; cells narrowly linear, scarcely 3 n wide. Very rarely fruiting; sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 141, D-G.)
Standley
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 41985a. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 4M62; 91675a. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark ^8859, 48866b. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 2985S.
:
West
is
Indies,
South America.
The peculiarly shaped leaves curved or bent above the middle so that the apical part of the leaf often stands nearly at a right
trees at
On
moderate
altitudes.
are characteristic.
The apex
angle to the base.
11.
CROSSOMITRIUM
C. M., Linnaea 38: 611.
1874.
Dioicous; plants golden green or brown, glossy; stems creeping, very complanate-foliate, sparingly branched. Leaves in 4 rows, median rows obliquely erect, lateral rows larger, spreading, broadly
ovate,
short pointed, ecostate, serrulate,
teeth often bifid; cells
Seta short, papillose; capsules erect; peristome elongate, smooth. teeth papillose, with a fine zig-zag median line, segments narrow,
keeled,
1.
from a low basal membrane; calyptra naked, fringed at base.

when dry
3.
Lateral leaves suborbicular, not shrivelled Lateral leaves oblong, shrivelled when dry
C. Oerstedianum 2
1.
2.
Seta 8-9 mm. long, smooth below, scabrous above Seta 5 mm. long, scabrous throughout
2.
C. patrisiae C. scabrisetum
1.
CROSSOMITRIUM PATRISIAE
(Brid.) C.
M., Linnaea 38: 612.
1874.
Hypnum Patrisiae Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 539. 1827. Stems to 3-4 cm. long, very flat, 3-3.5 mm. wide, radiculose in tufts on lower side. Leaves slightly contorted when dry, lateral rows widely spreading, 2 mm. long, oblong-ovate from a narrow, rounded base, abruptly short acuminate, carinate at apex, serrulate above with the teeth often minutely bifid at tips; cells linear. Seta 8-9 mm long, scabrous above, smooth below; capsule oblongcylindric, inclined,
urn 1.5
mm.
long; calyptra 1.5 mm. long, fringed at base hairs. (Fig. 142, A-D.)
Standley 72881.
long; lid subulate-rostrate, 1.5 mm. with long, articulated
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2^99, 2707 (both as C. Herminieri). Dept. Izabal: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70967 (as C. orbiculatum), 9077Sa
(as C. orbiculatum).
318
25
FIGURE 142
A-D, Crossomitrium patrisiae: A, plant, XI; B, lateral leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X267. E-H, Crossomitrium scabrisetum: E, plant, Xl; F, lateral
X12; H, calyptra, X12. I-K, Crossomitrium Oerstedianum: median leaf, X14.
I,
leaf,
X14; C, median X14; G, capsule,

leaf,
leaf,
plant,
Xl;
J,
lateral
X14; K,
On
leaves and bark in
Panama, West Indies, South America. wet forests at low to moderate altitudes.
many poorly defined species in this group. Until a revisional study is made it seems wiser to include the local collections cited above in C. patrisiae.
2.
There are too
CROSSOMITRIUM SCABRISETUM
1946.
ing, sparingly
Slender, glossy, yellowish green epiphyllous plants; stems creepbranched, complanate-foliate, with scattered tufts of
radicles
on under side. Leaves much shrivelled when dry, the lateral rows divergent, oblong-lanceolate, keeled at apex, acuminate, ecostate; margins denticulate nearly to base, the teeth often characteristically bifid; cells linear, smooth, laxly rhomboidal at extreme base. Seta 5 mm. long, pale yellow, densely and coarsely tuberculose to the base; capsule horizontal, oblong, urn 1 mm. long, tuberculose at base; lid conic-rostrate, less than half the length of the urn;
calyptra short, barely covering the articulated hairs. (Fig. 142, E-H.)
Dept. Izabal:
lid,
fringed at base with long,

300-900 m., Steyer-
Damp,
forested slopes
and barrancos,
alt.
mark ^1879, TYPE.

Endemic.
319
There is nothing noteworthy in the vegetative characters of this species but the sporophyte seems to be sharply distinct in the shorter, highly tuberculose setae and the tuberculose base of the capsule.
3.
CROSSOMITRIUM OERSTEDIANUM C. M., Flora 1875:
545.
1875.
Plants pale green; stems 1-2 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide. Leaves crowded, not contorted when dry, lateral rows spreading, 1-1.5 mm. long, orbicular-ovate, slightly carinate at apex, abruptly contracted to a very short, often oblique, obtuse point, minutely serrulate above; cells linear, more lax near insertion. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig.
142, I-K.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70953a (as C. orbiculatum)
.
On tree at moderate altitude. I have not seen the type of C. Oerstedianum but the above number agrees with the description and with a Costa Rican collection.
12.
RHYNCHOSTEGIOPSIS
Bot. Ital. 4: 163.
C. M., Nuov. Giorn. 1897.
Rather robust, glossy plants in dense mats; stems elongate, creeping, irregularly branched or subpinnate. Leaves uniform, complanate, acuminate, falcate-secund, ecostate, coarsely serrate toward
apex;
cells linear, smooth, shorter across insertion. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules horizontal, ovoid-cylindric with a tapering neck, contracted under mouth; peristome teeth with a median furrow, segments from a high basal membrane; lid slenderly beaked; calyptra
cucullate, naked.
1.
RHYNCHOSTEGIOPSIS FLEXUOSA
Ital. 4: 163.
(Sull.)
C. M., Nuov. Giorn. Bot.

1861.
1871.
1897.
Sull.,
Hypnum flexuosum
Proc.
Am. Acad.
1861: 288.
Rhynchostegium cupressinum Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 106.

Venicularia auricolor C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 211.
1897.
Dioicous; plants pale green or golden green; stems 2-3 cm. long, mostly irregularly branched but sometimes pinnate, complanateLeaves crowded, spreading with decurved foliate, hooked at tips.
points, 1.5-2
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually long acuminate,
320
25
coarsely and sharply serrate above middle; cells linear, pellucid. Seta slender, to 3 cm. long; capsule subhorizontal, urn 1-1.5 mm. long; lid subulate from a conical base; calyptra 2 mm. long, naked,
split
on one side about half way up, minutely lobed at base. 143, A-D.)
:
(Fig.
91963.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7041 Oa, Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 41919. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 48886. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 86406. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67444, 67450, 67878, 85021, 85022, 85024, 85557, 85926, 85983, 85994; Steyermark 33645, 33646, 34090, 34324. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 46711. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61818. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80525. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42557, 42656, 42661, 43226. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31009.
:
Distribution: Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica.
damp banks, rocks, etc., generally distributed but at rather high altitudes. The slender, pale forms grade immostly perceptibly into the more robust, golden green plants described as V. auricolor but in the absence of any structural differences I have
logs, trees,
little
On
doubt but that they are
all
variants of one specific type.
13.
PHILOPHYLLUM
soft,
1898.
Synoicous; very
glossy.
delicate, yellowish green plants, slightly
Leaves crowded, with long, fine, undulate or crispate tips when dry, laxly spreading, Seta slender, unbordered, entire, ecostate; cells linear, smooth. teeth with a median furrow, smooth; capsules inclined; peristome segments from a high basal membrane; lid conic-rostrate; calyptra mitriform, naked, lobed at base.
Stems elongate, subpinnately branched.
1.
PHILOPHYLLUM TENUIFOLIUM
I
3
:
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
945.
1907.
1869.
Hookeria tenuifolia Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 359.
Stems to 6 or 8 cm. long, 2-3
mm.
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually
wide. Leaves uniform, 3-4 narrowed to a long, piliform,
flexuous point, entire, ecostate; cells linear, delicate, more lax at base. Seta 1-2 cm. long; capsule cylindrical, curved and contracted
under mouth when dry, urn
1.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 143,
E-H.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 43890.
Distribution: Brazil.
Floating in water at base of bromeliad leaves. An exceedingly interesting discovery as the genus is known only from Brazil. The
321
Guatemalan plants differ in no appreciable way from P. tenuifolium and have the same peculiar texture and habit.
14.
HARPOPHYLLUM
Spruce, Catal.
1867.
Autoicous; robust, laxly tufted plants. branches ascending, irregularly pinnate.
Primary stems creeping, Leaves crowded, erect-
spreading on all sides, often secund, lanceolate, strongly plicate; costa double, ending in acumen; cells linear. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules subhorizontal peristome teeth with a median furrow, seg;
ments keeled, from a high basal membrane; lid slenderly beaked; calyptra lobed at base, naked or sparingly ramentose above.
1.
HARPOPHYLLUM AUREUM
Mnium aureum
(P.
Beauv.) Spruce, Catal.

1805.
1867.
?Hemiragis Friedrichsthaliana Reich'd., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 208.
1897.
Plants bright yellowish green, glossy.
densely
foliate.
Leaves 3-4
mm.
Branches 2-6 cm. high, long, oblong-lanceolate from a
broad base, gradually subulate-acuminate, serrulate all around, deeply plicate; costae extending well into acumen, weakly toothed on back above, ending in a dorsal spine; cells linear, shorter and
FIGURE 143
A-D,
"cells
Rhynchoslegiopsis flexuosa: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf and margin, X107; D, calyptra, XlO.
tenuifolium: E, plant,
E-H, Philpphyllum
cells
Xl; F,
leaf,
X14; G, upper
leaf
and margin, X107; H, capsule, X8.
322

insertion.
25
brown across
mouthed, urn 2
mm.
Seta 2-4 cm. long; capsule oblong, wide long; calyptra long beaked. (Fig. 144, A-B.)
West
Indies,
South America.
On trees and logs. Evidently rare and localized in Guatemala. I have seen no local collections but the species is credited to our area. It is a conspicuous moss and one that would scarcely be
overlooked even by a random collector.
37.
LEUCOMIACEAE
Slender, delicate, pale green plants growing in thin mats. Stems prostrate, flattened, irregularly branched. Leaves acuminate, entire,
ecostate; cells large, lax, smooth.
Seta slender, slightly scabrous
above; capsules horizontal; lid slenderly beaked; peristome double, teeth with a median furrow; calyptra cucullate, naked or sparingly
pilose.
1.
LEUCOMIUM
1868.
We
have but one genus with the characters of the family.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate, shrunken and contorted when 1. L. lignicola dry Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, not shrunken when dry
2.
L. latifolium
1.
LEUCOMIUM LIGNICOLA
Stems 1-2 cm.
long, 3
Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 503.
1869.
mm.
wide.
Leaves crowded, flexuous-
spreading, slightly secund, shrunken when dry, ovate-lanceolate, gradually subulate or filiform-acuminate; cells elongate, lax and thin walled, 25-30 /x wide, 4 to 6 times as long. Seta 1 cm. long,
curved at
tip;
capsule oblong;
lid
subulate-rostrate, as long as urn;
calyptra sparingly pilose.
(Fig. 144,
C-E.)
Distribution: Costa Rica, South America. On log at low altitude. This collection
is
representative of a
allied
group that needs to be clarified. There are too many closely species without any tangible or apparent distinctions.
2.
LEUCOMIUM LATIFOLIUM
1946.
flat
Autoicous; rather robust, flaccid, pale green glossy plants in lax, mats. Stems prostrate, sparingly branched, complanate-foliate,

3.5
323
mm.
wide with leaves.
scarcely 1
hair-like
mm.
point,
Lateral leaves spreading, 2 mm. long, wide, oblong-ovate, abruptly narrowed to a slender,
lightly
acumen only minutely
concave, ecostate; margins erect, entire, denticulate; cells very lax, long hexagonal, thin walled, about 175 n long, 36 n wide. Seta about 15 mm. long,
reddish, smooth; capsule horizontal, elliptical, urn 1.5

lid conic-rostrate, 1
mm.
long;
mm.
long.
(Fig. 144,
F-H.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Cerro Chinaja, between Finca Yalpemech and Chinaja, above source of Rio San Diego, alt. 150-700 m., Steyermark J^5668 TYPE.
Endemic.
On bark
of tree.
Distinct from
all
the other North American
species in the broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate leaves not shrivelled when dry. L. Moseni Broth, of Brazil is apparently a similar plant
but the leaves are described as short acuminate and the setae 11
long.
mm.
38.
HYPOPTERYGIACEAE
Gregarious plants with creeping primary stems and erect, usually frondose secondary stems freely branched from a simple, stipe-like
base.
Leaves dimorphous;
lateral
rows complanate, ovate, acute,
FIGURE 144
A-B, Harpophyllum aureum: A, part of plant, Xl; B, leaf, X16. C-E, Leucomium lignicola: C, plant, Xl; D, lateral leaf, X14; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X107. F-H, Leucomium latifolium: F, plant, Xl; G, lateral leaf, X 14; H, capsule, X 10.
324
25
FIGURE 145 A-D, Hypopterygium tamariscinum: A, plant, Xl; B,
lateral
branch
leaf,
X14;
and
C, ventral branch leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X107.
E-H, Fabronia Wrightii: E, plant, Xl; F, margin, X267; H, capsule, X34.
leaf,
X24; G, upper
leaf cells
asymmetrical; ventral row (amphigastria) much smaller, acuminate. Seta elongate; capsules pendulous; peristome double; lid long beaked; calyptra conical, naked, split on one side.
1.
HYPOPTERYGIUM
1827.
1.
HYPOPTERYGIUM TAMARISCINUM (Hedw.)

2: 715.
Brid.,
Bryol.
Univ.
1827.
1801.
1874.
Leskea tamariscina Hedw., Sp. Muse. 212.
Hypopterygium pseudotamarisci C. M., Linnaea 38: 645.
Secondary stems about 3 cm. high, densely branched above in a broad frond, tomentose toward base of stipe and often nearly to frond. Stipe leaves broadly ovate from a cordate base, acuminate;
branch leaves about 2 mm. long, ovate, narrowly bordered with 2-3 rows of elongated cells, sharply serrate toward apex; costa ending about up; cells oval-hexagonal, smooth. Amphigastria much costa ending in acumen. smaller, ovate> abruptly subulate-acuminate; Seta 1.5 cm. long, reddish; capsule horizontal to pendulous, urn ovoid, 2 mm. long, slenderly beaked from a conical base; calyptra
mm.
long.
(Fig. 145,
A-D.)
325
87111.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 71217, 71218. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33731.
:
29926, 50050, 50055, 42615.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On
see
trees and damp rocks at moderate altitudes. As far as I can H. pseudotamarisci cannot be segregated by any stable characters.
39.
FABRONIACEAE
Slender, delicate plants growing in thin mats on the bark of trees and on rocks. Stems creeping, irregularly branched, branches often ascending. Leaves ovate, acuminate; costa single, slender, ending in blade; cells rhomboidal, smooth, quadrate toward basal angles.
Seta slender; capsules exserted, erect; peristome single or double; lid conic-apiculate; calyptra cucullate, mostly naked.
1.
Peristome single Peristome double Peristome teeth present, endostome lacking Peristome teeth lacking, segments of endostome well developed
2.
1.
2 3
2.
Fabronia
Fabronidium
Helicodontium 4
Schwetschkea
3.
Peristome teeth transversely striolate Peristome teeth papillose Lid rostrate Lid conical, blunt
3.
4.
4.
5.
Pseudodimerodontium
1.
FABRONIA
Raddi, Atti Acad.
Sci.
Siena 9: 230.
1808.
mats.
Very small, delicate, almost microscopic plants growing in thin Stems creeping, freely branched. Leaves minute, spreading
on
all sides, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed above; costa slender; cells rhomboidal, quadrate in several rows at basal angles. Seta short; capsules erect; peristome single, teeth in 8 pairs; lid conical.
1.
Leaves strongly ciliate-dentate Leaves evenly serrulate
F. ciliaris
2.
F. Wrightii
1.
FABRONIA CILIARIS
Hypnum
ciliare Brid.,
(Brid.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 171.

2: 155.
1827.
Muse. Recent. Suppl.

delicate,
1812.
Autoicous; very slender,

intricate thin mats,
yellowish
green
plants
in
Stems creeping, freely branched. Leaves minute, laxly appressed when dry, more spreading when
of trees.
on bark
326
25
gins ciliate-dentate in unicellular teeth to 35
moist, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, about 0.5 mm. long; marupper two-thirds with widely spreading, ju long; costa faint, ending below mid-leaf;
upper cells narrowly rhomboidal, subquadrate at basal angles. Seta 2-3 mm. long, pale; capsule erect, wide-mouthed, ovoid; peristome
teeth paired, brown, papillose.
(Fig. 146,
A-B.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 1953, 2302, 2305, 2331.
Distribution Northern United States south to Arizona and

:
New
Mexico, South Atlantic states, Mexico. On bark of oaks at moderately high altitudes.
It is
not surprising
that this species should turn up in Guatemala, considering its wide distribution in southern United States and Mexico. Fabronia is so
inconspicuous that
it is
not likely to be collected by anyone but an
experienced bryologist.
2.
FABRONIA WRIGHTII
Muse. 133,
Sull.,
Mosses of U.
S. 61.
1856, also Icones
pi. 84.
1864.
1874.
1897.
Fabronia flaviner vis C. M., Linnaea 38: 645.
Fabronia Turckheimii C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 202.
Autoicous; plants pale or yellowish green in thin, silky patches. Branches to 5 mm. long. Leaves erect-spreading, 0.7-0.9 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, serrulate above middle; costa ending about mid-leaf; cells narrowly rhomboidal, 10-12 ^ wide, about 3-5:1, quadrate at basal angles in 3-5 rows, often extending nearly to costa. Seta 2-3 mm. long; capsule ovoid, urn 0.5 mm. long; peristome teeth 125 p. high, brown, vertically papillose-striolate; spores 10-15 M (Fig. 145, E-H.)
.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82773 in part.

781 01 a.
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley
Distribution: Texas, Arizona, Mexico and probably wider.

of trees at moderate altitudes. Any clear conception of the species and ranges involved in tropical America will have to be preceded by a radical revision of the group. There are no perceptible
On bark
distinctions
between the plants Mexico and Guatemala.
of
Texas and Arizona and those of
2.
FABRONIDIUM
C. M., Hedwigia 38: 132.
1899.
short, spreading.
Autoicous; slender plants; stems irregularly branched, branches Leaves ovate-lanceolate, minutely serrulate above;

costa single; cells as in Fabronia.
327
peristome lacking, segments
of
endostome
Seta short; capsule erect; outer papillose, from a low basal

line.
membrane, with numerous openings along the median
1.
FABRONIDIUM BERNOULLIANUM C. M., Hedwigia
38: 132.
1899.
Plants apparently resembling Fabronia in appearance and habit but distinct in the peristome structure as described above. Lid and
calyptra unknown.
No
tion
is
part of the type collection
is
available.
The above
descrip-
a condensed compilation from the original and from the Pflanzenfamilien. It is evidently very local, as nothing approaching the description was found in any of Standley's, Steyermark's or
Sharp's gatherings.
3.
HELICODONTIUM
2.
1824.
in thin, intricate mats.
Autoicous; slender, dull brownish green plants, yellowish at tips, Stems elongate, creeping, freely branched.
Leaves appressed when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate, gradually pointed; margins plane, minutely toothed above; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells oval-rhomboidal, quadrate at basal Seta short, erect, slightly scabrous; capsules erect, ovoid, angles. contracted below mouth; peristome double, teeth transversely striolate,
segments of endostome keeled, from a low basal membrane;
lid
obliquely conic-rostrate.
1.
HELICODONTIUM CAPILLARE (Hedw.)

1875-76.
Leskea capillare Hedw., Sp. Muse. 221.
1801.
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
291.
Stems to 2 cm. long, subpinnately branched, branches widely spreading, to 4 or 5 mm. long, somewhat julaceous when dry. Leaves small, spreading on all sides, less than 1 mm. long, ovate, gradually narrowed to a subacute point; margins minutely toothed above by projecting cell ends; costa ending about up; cells oval-rhomboidal
with firm, pale walls, slightly elongate near costa at extreme base, quadrate in 4-6 rows at basal angles. Seta 5-6 mm. long, reddish, slightly scabrous; capsule erect, oblong-ovoid, urn to 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth pale, finely transversely striolate, segments of endostome as long or longer than teeth, from a low basal membrane, narrowly fenestrate along keel; lid 0.6 mm. long, obliquely rostrate
328
25
from a conical base; spores minutely (Fig. 146, C-E.)

:
papillose, diameter
15-20
/x.
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 2927, 2928,
2896.
Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua,
On
in
trees at
moderate
altitudes.
not unexpected as has been collected in Nicaragua. through the West Indies than on the mainland.
is
Guatemala
West Indies, South America. The occurrence of this species it is well known in Mexico and Apparently it is more frequent
4.
SCHWETSCHKEA
C. M., Linnaea 39: 429.
1875.
Autoicous; very slender plants in thin mats; stems creeping, subLeaves erect, often slightly secund, ovatepinnately branched.
lanceolate;
angles.
lose,
quadrate at basal Seta slender; capsules erect; peristome double, teeth papilsegments narrow, about as long as teeth; lid short beaked from
costa single; cells oval-hexagonal,
a convex base.
1.
SCHWETSCHKEA GUATEMALENSIS
202.
C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:
1897.
Stem
Stems creeping, branches very short and slender, remote, curved. leaves crowded, ovate, from a narrow base, entire, long subu-
late-acuminate; costa slender, pale, ending near mid-leaf; upper cells Seta short; capsule ovoid, prosenchymatous, quadrate at base.
erect,
minute; peristome teeth short, narrowly lanceolate, brownish, segments of endostome short, capillary.
Mazatenango: Bernoulli
I
&
Carlo 85.
is
represented
have not seen the type and know no more of this species than by the above free translation of the original description.
5.
PSEUDODIMERODONTIUM
E.
&
P. Pflanzenf. 11: 294.
(Broth.) Broth., 1925.
Schwetschkea Sec. 2, Pseudodimerodontium Broth., E. & P. Pflanzenf. I 3 908. 1907.

:
Autoicous; very slender, glossy plants in intricate mats. Stems elongate, creeping, irregularly branched, branches julaceous when Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, plane margined, dry. entire; costa ending near base of acumen; cells narrowly oval, trans-

versely oval in
329
numerous rows at basal
leaf angles.
Seta erect,
smooth; capsules peristome double, teeth papillose, segments of endostome from a low basal membrane.
cylindrical; lid short, conical;
1.
PSEUDODIMERODONTIUM BOLIVIANUM
Pflanzenfam. 11: 294.
1925.
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
Ital. 4: 81.
&
P.
Schwetschkea boliviano, C. M., Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
1897.
Plants densely matted, yellowish green above, light brown below. Stems to 2 cm. long, branches numerous, wiry, curved, julaceous and very slender when dry. Leaves squarrose-spreading on all sides when moist, to 0.6 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate from a cordate base,
gradually acuminate; margins plane, entire; costa ending near base of acumen; upper cells narrowly oval to linear-rhomboidal, transversely oval in 8 or 10 rows at basal angles. Seta to 10 mm. long, reddish, smooth; capsule erect, cylindrical, urn to 2 mm. long, occasionally slightly curved; peristome double; teeth to 0.3 mm. long, densely papillose throughout, segments of endostome as long as
teeth, papillose, fragile; lid short, blunt, conical; spores
15-20 M in
diameter.
(Fig. 146,
:
F-H.)
2301*.
Dept. Quezaltenango Sharp
Distribution: Bolivia.
FIGURE 146 A-B, Fabronia ciliaris: A, leaf, X80; B, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. C-E, Helicodontium capillare: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X54; E, apex of leaf, XllO. F-H, Pseudodimerodontium bolivianum: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X68; H, capsule,
X8.
330
25
On trees at rather high altitude. A new genus to North America and a surprising leap in distribution. As the plants are well fruited the blunt, conical operculum is sharply diagnostic. I have followed Brotherus in segregating the genus from Schwetschkea but the distinction seems hardly of generic importance. The Bolivian plants are described as having setae up to 7 mm. long. Here they measure up to 10 mm. but otherwise the agreement is complete.
40.
LESKEACEAE
sized,
Plants slender to
medium
growing in mats or
tufts.
Stems
Stem and branch leaves creeping, branches erect or ascending. often differentiated, paraphyllia usually present. Leaves crowded, lusterless, ovate; costa strong, usually ending below apex; cells
short, generally strongly papillose.
or
subhorizontal
perfect; lid
1.
Seta elongate; capsules erect peristome double, endostome occasionally imconic-rostrate; calyptra cucullate, usually naked.
;
. .
Peristome teeth
much shorter than segments of endostome. Peristome teeth and segments about equal in length
smooth, costa sinuous above Leaf cells papillose, costa straight
cells
.1.
Rhegmatodon
2
2.
Leaf
4.
Herpetineurum
3
3.
Capsules erect, paraphyllia few or none

Capsules subhorizontal, paraphyllia numerous
4
5
3. 2.
7.
4.
Leaf Leaf
cells
densely papillose, endostome with segments
Anomodon
Lindbergia
cells faintly papillose,

cell of
cell of
endostome without segments
5.
Apical Apical
branch leaves bearing 2 or more papillae branch leaves with a single, sharp papilla
5.
Thuidium
6
6.
Leaves dimorphous, stem leaves slenderly acuminate Leaves not differentiated, stem leaves short acuminate
Haplocladium 6. Rauia
1.
RHEGMATODON
Brid., Bryol. Univ.
2:204.
1827.
Autoicous; slender plants in dense, dull, yellowish green mats.
Stems creeping, much branched, branches ascending, rigid, julaceous. Leaves erect, imbricated when dry, ovate, acute, entire; margins plane; costa ending about up leaf; cells oval-rhomboidal, incras-
sate,
smooth.
Seta short, stout, smooth; capsules erect, cylindrical;
peristome double, teeth short, blunt, segments of endostome much longer than teeth, from a low basal membrane; lid bluntly conical.

1.
331
RHEGMATODON FILIFORMIS
87.
Schimp., in Besch. Prod. Bryol. Mex.
1871.
Stems densely branched, rigid, branches to 1 cm. long. Leaves appressed when dry, spreading on all sides when moist, ovate, sharply acute, entire; costa ending above mid-leaf; cells oval-rhomboidal, with pale, incrassate walls, irregularly subquadrate in several rows at basal margins. Seta red, 7-8 mm. long; capsule erect, cylindrical, slightly asymmetrical, urn 3 mm. long; peristome teeth inserted below rim, smooth, projecting 150 M above rim, segments of endostome about three times as long as teeth, from a low basal membrane, papillose;
papillose,
lid
bluntly conical, 1
M-
mm.
D-G.)
long; spores coarsely
diameter 24-28
(Fig. 148,
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 2063, 2086.
Dept. Chimaltenango Sharp 2571.

:
oaks at moderately high altitudes. So many of the Mexican types range into Guatemala that these collections merely emphasize the close relation between the two floras that naturally are not
limited
2.
On
by any
artificial
boundaries.
LINDBERGIA
Kindb., Eur.
&
N. A. Bryin.
1: 13.
1897.
Small laxly tufted plants; stems elongate, irregularly branched. Leaves crowded, imbricated when dry, spreading when moist; costa
FIGURE 147
A-D,
Lindbergia mexicana: A, plant, XI; B,

attenuatus: E, plant,
rostratus:
leaf,
X28; C, upper
leaf cells
and
margin, X270; D, capsule, X8.
E-G, Anomodon H-J, Anomodon
H,
plant,
XI; XI;
F, leaf,
I,
leaf,
X14; G, apex X14; J, apex
of leaf, XllO. of leaf, X68.
332
25
strong, ending below apex; cells rounded, papillose.

lacking.
Seta elongate; inner peristome rudimentary, without segments or capsules erect;
1.
LINDBERGIA MEXICANA (Besch.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 37:

Leskea mexicana Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 89.
1871.
89.
52.
1910.
Haplohymenium densum Schimp., Prodr. Bryol. Mex.
1871.
Autoicous; stems 2-3 cm. long, branches numerous, slender, erect or curved, subjulaceous when dry. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 0.7-0.8 mm. long, short acuminate, entire; costa strong, ending below
cells irregularly oval-rhomboidal, incrassate, faintly papillose, transversely elongate in oblique rows toward base. Seta 8-10 mm. long; capsule oblong-ovoid, urn 1.5-2 mm. long; peristome teeth
apex;
yellowish
8^368.
180 M long, blunt, papillose, inner peristome reduced to a narrow, membrane; spores 20-24 /* (Fig. 147, A-D.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 92051 in part. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley
:
Mexico, Mexico. Mostly on bark of trees at moderate altitudes. The Guatemalan specimens are fragmentary but surely belong here. The plants vary considerably within reasonable limits but are clearly distinct from
Distribution: Texas,
L. Austinii Sull. in the shorter leaf points and nearly smooth leaf
cells.
New
3.
ANOMODON Hook. & Tayl.,
Muse.
Brit.
Ed.
1,
79.
1818.
Dioicous; plants dull green or yellowish green growing in dense
mats; stems creeping, branches numerous, without paraphyllia. Leaves crowded, plane margined, entire; costa strong, ending near Seta elongate, smooth; apex; cells rounded, densely papillose. capsules erect; peristome double, segments short, from a low basal
membrane;
1.
lid conical;
calyptra small, cucullate.

1.
Leaf apex broadly rounded Leaf apex apiculate or hair-pointed
A. minor
2
2.
Stems Stems
slender, leaves hair-pointed coarse, leaves broadly acute or apiculate
3. 2.
A. rostratus A. attenuatus
1.
ANOMODON MINOR (Hedw.)

Bryol. 50: 207.
1947.
Lindb. var. INAEQUALIFOLIUS Bartr.,
In intricate, dull, dark green mats. Secondary stems freely and irregularly branched, often with slender, microphyllous, stoloniferous

shoots.
333
Leaves appressed and contorted when dry, squarrose-spreadwhen moist, to 1.4 mm. long, lingulate from a broad, slightly decurrent base, broadly rounded at apex, inequilateral so that the upper side of the leaf is broader than the lower side where the margin is broadly incurved; costa ending far below
ing and complanate
apex; upper cells small, opaque, papillose, basal cells near costa 3 to 4 times as long as wide, quickly becoming smaller, rounded and obscure toward margins. (Fig. 148, A-C.)
1^857.
Endemic.
fall
limestone bluff at moderate altitude. These plants certainly within the concept of A. minor but with several rather striking differences. The leaves are more squarrose-spreading when moist and of a very different shape. Here they have broader, shorter points and are frequently very unequally divided by the costa so
that the upper side of the leaf as it stands on the stem is wider than the lower half which instead of being straight has the edge curved inwardly.
2.
On
ANOMODON ATTENUATES (Hedw.)

1832.
Leskea atlenuata Hedw., Sp. Muse. 230.
Hueben., Muse. Germ. 562.

1801.
Rather coarse plants
in extensive, lax
long, freely rebranched, often flagelliform at tips.
mats; branches about 3 cm. Leaves appressed
FIGURE 148 A-C, Anomodon minor

leaf,
var. inaequalifolins: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X20; C,
X26.
D-G, Rhegmatodon
filiformis:
D, plant, Xl; E,
leaf,
X20; F, capsule, X8;
G, part of peristome, XlOO.
334

slightly contorted
25
and
dry, 1-1.7 mm. long, lingulate from a broadly ovate base, acute or apiculate, toothed near apex; costa pellucid, ending near apex; cells obscure, densely papillose, small
when
and rounded, elongate and pellucid near costa at base. Seta to 2 cm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 2-3 mm. long; lid beaked; segments of endostome filiform, nearly as long as teeth. (Fig. 147, E-G.)
Distribution:
Canada, United States, Mexico, Europe, Asia,
Japan.
On tree at moderate altitude. This collection represents the southern limit of distribution in North America.
3.
ANOMODON ROSTRATUS (Hedw.)

Leskea rostrata Hedw., Sp. Muse. 226.
Schimp., Syn. Ed.

1801.
1,
488.
1860.
yellowish plants in extensive, dense mats; branches Leaves closely imbricated, nearly 1 mm. long, narrowly julaceous. lanceolate from an ovate base, crenulate-papillose, ending in a long,
Slender,
hyaline,
entire
hair-point;
costa
ending near apex;
cells
small,
rounded, obscure, papillose, pellucid near costa at base. Seta to 10 mm. long; capsule ovoid, urn to 2 mm. long. (Fig. 147, H-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90129, 90130.
more elongated and
Distribution:
Northeastern
United
States
west
to
Arizona,
Mexico, Jamaica, Bermuda, Europe, Asia. On limestone rocks at moderate altitudes. from south of Mexico.
Not
previously
known
4.
HERPETINEURUM
19 2
:
(C. M.) Card., Beih. Bot. Centr. 127. 1905.
Anomodon
Sec.
Herpetineurum C. M., Flora 73: 495.
1890.
Rather robust plants, wiry when dry; branches often flagelliform, Leaves appressed when dry, serrate above; paraphyllia lacking. costa strong, flexuous; cells small, smooth. Sporophyte rare, similar
to that of
Anomodon.
1.
HERPETINEURUM TOCCOAE
Centr. 19 2
:
(Sull.
&
Lesq.)
Card.,
240.
Beih.
Bot.
127.
1905.
Anomodon
toccoae Sull.
&
Lesq.,
Muse. Bor. Am. Ed.
1,
1856.
335
Plants dark green, laxly tufted, branches often curved at tips. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, to 2 mm. long, faintly plicate below, acuminate; margins plane, coarsely serrate above; costa prominently flexuous above, ending near apex; cells rounded, dense, incrassate, smooth. (Fig. 149, A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81215,
Distribution: Southeastern United States, South America, Asia,

Africa, East Indies.
On damp bank
temperate and
Occurring sporadically in but almost consistently sterile. tropical regions
5.
HAPLOCLADIUM
Ital.
(C.
M.) C. M., Nuov. Giorn. Bot.

1896.
3:116.
Hypnum
Sec.
Haplocladium C. M., Linnaea 42: 459.
1878-79.
Slender, dull yellowish green plants in thin mats; stems creeping, Stem leaves ovatesubpinnately branched, paraphyllia various. lanceolate, long acuminate; costa nearly percurrent; branch leaves smaller, shorter pointed; cells unipapillate. Seta elongate; capsules inclined or pendulous; peristome double, complete; lid conic-apiculate.
1.
HAPLOCLADIUM MICROPHYLLUM (Hedw.)

zenf. I 3 : 1007.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflan-
1907.
1801.
Hypnum
microphyllum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 269.
Autoicous; stems 2-4 cm. long, pinnate. Stem leaves to 1.25 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, serrulate nearly all around; costa ending in acumen; cells hexagonal, unipapillate, more elongate near apex and at base. Branch leaves smaller, less finely acuminate. Perichaetium conspicuous, to 2.5 mm. long; seta to 2.5 cm. long; capsule oblong-cylindric, curved, urn 1.5-2 mm. long, pale brown, contracted under mouth when dry. (Fig. 149, D-G.)
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12616 in part. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82999a Rauia subcatenulata). Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 62198 (as Rauia subcatenulata). Dept. Guatemala: Standley 63017 (as Rauia subcatenulata) Dept. Jalapa: Standley 76681* (as Rauia subcatenulata), 77078 (as Rauia subcatenulata)
(as
.
Distribution: Southern Canada, United States, Mexico,

Indies, Europe, Asia.
West
On dead wood, banks and trees at low to medium altitudes. Frequent and variable but usually well defined from Rauia subcatenulata by the slenderly acuminate stem leaves.
336
25
FIGURE 149
Xl; B, leaf, X14; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-G, Haplocladium microphyllum: D, plant, Xl; E, stem leaf, X14; F, branch leaf, X14; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. H-J, Rauia subcatenulata: H, plant, Xl; I, branch leaf, X14; J, apex of branch leaf, X270.
A-C, Herpetineurum
toccoae: A, plant,
6.
RAUIA
Austin, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 7: 16.
1880.
Slender, rigid, green or brownish plants; stems irregularly pinnate, branches julaceous with abundant paraphyllia. Stem and branch leaves not differentiated. Leaves closely imbricated when dry, ovate, short acuminate; costa strong, ending below apex; cells small, Seta elongate; capsules curved, horizontal; rounded, papillose.
peristome double, complete;
lid conic-apiculate.
1.
RAUIA SUBCATENULATA (Schimp.)

1005.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1907.
1871.
Pseudoleskea subcatenulata Schimp., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 90.
Autoicous; stems 2-3 cm. long, branches numerous, suberect, Leaves crowded, 0.8-1 mm. long, broadly ovate, short acuminate; margins recurved, papillose-crenulate; costa strong, ending near apex; cells small, dense, rounded, papillose. Perichaetium pale, inner leaves 3 mm. long, filiform-acuminate; seta 12 mm. long; capsule oblong-cylindric, curved, contracted under mouth
often curved.
when
dry.
(Fig. 149,
H-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82298. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 77924, 78187.

337
On trees, banks and rocks at moderate altitudes. I doubt if Thuidium leskaefolium Ren. & Card, of Costa Rica can be satisfactorily separated from Rauia subcatenulata.
7.
THUIDIUM
1852.
Slender to robust, usually wiry plants growing in mats; stems prostrate or ascending, pinnate to tri-pinnate, paraphyllia usually abundant. Stem and branch leaves differentiated. Stem leaves
ovate, acuminate, plicate; branch leaves smaller, ovate, concave, short pointed, apical cell with 2-4 papillae; costa strong; cells Seta elongate; capsules nodding or horizontal, arcuate; papillose.
peristome double, complete;

1.
lid
beaked.
2 3
Paraphyllia abundant, compound, stems robust, bi- or tri-pinnate Paraphyllia few, simple, stems slender, pinnate or bi-pinnate
2.
Stem leaves with capillary hair-points 4-8 cells long Stem leaves acuminate, not capillary pointed
Seta scabrous throughout Seta smooth
5.
4.
T. Philberti T. delicatulum T. involvens 4
3.
3.
4.
Branch leaves incurved-catenulate when dry Branch leaves imbricated, not incurved-catenulate
T. furfurosum 2. T. Turckheimii
1.
1.
THUIDIUM FURFUROSUM (H.

1876-77.
f.
&
W.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 332.
Hypnum furfurosum H.
f.
&
W.,
Fl.
N.
Z. 2: 107.
1855.
Dioicous; plants dull yellowish green, closely matted; stems 1-2 cm. long, bi-pinnately branched, paraphyllia short, slender and Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate from a broad, cordate base, sparse. abruptly subulate-acuminate, about 0.8 mm. long; margins recurved to above mid-leaf; costa smooth on back, ending near base of acumen, cells small, rounded, sharply papillate. Branch leaves smaller,
strongly catenulate-incurved
pellucid,
when
ending well below apex;
dry, ovate, acute; costa slender, cells rather obscure, papillose.
leaves long subulate-acuminate, sparsely ciliate on margins; seta 12-15 mm. long, red, smooth; capsule inclined, cylindrical, urn 2 mm. long; lid conic-rostrate, 1 mm. long. (Fig. 150,
Perichaetial
A-E.)
63315.
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 5 1+629. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*725!+. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 8025S. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80658.
:
338
25
FIGURE 150
A-E, Thuidium furfurosum: A, plant, XI; B, stem leaf, X26; C, branch leaf, X26; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; E, paraphyllium, X270. F-H, Thuidium Turckheimii: F, plant, XI; G, stem leaf, X26; H, branch
leaf,
X26. I-K, Thuidium involvens:
I,
plant,
Xl;
J,
branch
leaf,
Distribution: Costa Rica, South America, Australia,

land, Tasmania.
New
Zea-
On tree trunks, banks and logs, mostly at rather high altitudes. Well distinguished by the arched branch leaves with incurved points when dry. A number of questionable species have been described from South America but it seems probable that a careful study will prove that they are all forms of one variable species widely distributed in the southern hemisphere and extending north to Central America.
2.
THUIDIUM TURCKHEIMII
1897.
Autoicous; slender, yellowish green plants; stems laxly bi-pinnate, to 3 cm. long, paraphyllia few and simple. Stem leaves 0.6-0.7 mm. long, triangular-ovate, acuminate; costa ending in acumen; margins
irregularly recurved, papillose-crenulate. Branch leaves ovate, concave, short acuminate, about 0.3 mm. long; costa prominent at back
and often ending in a minute dorsal spine;

Perichaetial
cells small, dense, papillose.
subulate-acuminate, entire, not ciliate; 2-2.5 cm. long; capsule horizontal, urn oblong-cylindrical, 2
leaves
long; lid conic-rostrate.
(Fig. 150,
seta
mm.
F-H.)
339
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 86^77 in part. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 35168; Standley 65396. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 6 191 3 a, 61923a,
61932.
The differences between this and T. minutulum (Hedw.) Bry. Eur. seem to be slight, and species I should not be surprised if they were eventually combined.
On
trees at rather high altitudes.
3.
THUIDIUM INVOLVENS (Hedw.)

1869.
Leskea involvens Hedw., Sp. Muse. 218.
1801. 1897.
?Thuidium byssoideum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 219. ?Thuidium guatemalense Par., Ind. Bryol. 1282. 1898.
Autoicous; slender, dull green plants in thin mats; stems 2-3 cm. long, pinnate or bi-pinnate, paraphyllia few. Stem leaves distant, Branch leaves laxly 0.3-0.4 mm. long, deltoid, ovate-acuminate. imbricated, incurved when dry, about 0.4 mm. long, smaller on
ultimate branches, ovate, bluntly pointed, concave; costa ending below apex; cells with several small papillae. Perichaetial leaves filiform-acuminate, not ciliate; seta 10-15 mm. long, scabrous
throughout; capsule cernuous, ovoid, urn 1-2 I-K.)
mm.
long.
(Fig. 150,
Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12251, 12255, 12259, 12260, 12597; Lundell 2590. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M295. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 88^96.
West
Indies, Central
On
readily
logs
and bases
of trees at
low
altitudes.
and South America. Freely fruiting and
known by
the minute leaves and papillose setae.
As none of the Guatemalan plants that I have examined show the perichaetial leaves ciliate on the margins, I have referred them all here in a broad sense pending a more critical study of the tropical
American forms.
I have been unable to segregate with any satisfaction the plants with simply pinnate stems from those with bi-
pinnate branching.
4.
THUIDIUM DELICATULUM (Hedw.)

578.
1869.
delicatulum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 260.
1801. 1897.
Hypnum
?Tamari8cella ventrifolia C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 220.
Dioicous; plants usually robust, growing in intricate mats, bright or yellowish green at tips, often tinged with brown. Stems to 10 cm.
340

and
25
long, wiry, often arched, bi-
tri-pinnate, paraphyllia multiform,
abundant. Stem leaves appressed when dry, triangular-ovate from a subcordate base, sulcate, acuminate, 1-1.5 mm. long; costa ending
in
acumen; margins irregularly recurved; cells short oblong, papillate. Branch leaves smaller, ovate, concave, short acuminate; cells with
Inner perichaetial short, forwardly curved papillae over lumens. leaves filiform-acuminate, margins usually long and copiously ciliate; seta 2-3 cm. long, reddish, smooth; capsule arcuate, cylindric, urn
to 3.5
mm.
long; lid long rostrate, 2
mm.
long.
(Fig. 151,
A-D.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69535, 703'74,
70.497, 71089, 71398, 71679, 71688, 71705, 89707, 89718, 89883, 90351, 90359, 90478, 90602, 90666, 90720, 91454, 91501, 91816, 92000, 92393, 92421, 921*86, 92535, 927^1, 92746; Steyermark 44764. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 65642, 81 1 65, 81 879, 81 925, 82664, 82682; Steyermark 48473a, 48488, 49051 501 90. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35606, 37462a; Standley 68907, 86457. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62665, 62668, 62711, 65886, 8401 Oa, 84118, 84457, 84540. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65312, 66296, 66814, 67227, 67503, 67633, 67664, 67828, 68174, 84265, 84588, 84603, 84685, 84749, 84764, 84783, 85230, 85460, 85607, 85683 in part, 85640, 85891, 86586, 86759, 86800, 87943; Steyermark 33210a, 33370a, 33374, 33375a, 33440, 34103, 34724, 34820, 34938. Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 87209. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65189, 65265. Dept. Solola: Steyer,
mark 47466, 47569, 47944- Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 57820, 58767, 58802a,
:
61109b, 61513, 61975, 64417, 80922. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58421, 63027, 80570a, 80588, 80634, 80666, 80722. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 43452. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29826, 3001 3a, 30032, 30028, 30039, 42641, 42671, 43205, 42799. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31013. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32462, 32822; Standley 77498. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 69744.
Distribution:
Canada,
United
States,
Mexico,
West
Indies,
banks, trees, logs and rocks from near sea level to high Decidedly the most frequent and broadly distributed moss in Guatemala. A very plastic, adaptable species with innumerable forms influenced by growing conditions. I hesitate to reduce the
altitudes.
On damp
species of this affinity including T. Schlumbergeri Schimp.; T. robustum Card.; T. subrobustum Card, and probably T. miradoricum Jaeg. without more careful study. For it is quite unlikely that
in eastern
Mexican
the distribution of any species as common and widely distributed and southern United States as T. delicatulum is limited
T. ventrifolium (C. M.) is depolitical boundaries. scribed as having the perichaetial leaves without cilia. I have seen no plants that could be definitely referred to this species.
by arbitrary
5.
THUIDIUM PHILBERTI Limpr., Laubm.
2: 835.
1895.
Distinguished from T. delicatulum by the stem leaves ending in a capillary point composed of a single row of 3-6 or 8 linear, hyaline

cells.
341
Perichaetial leaves long loriform acuminate, serrulate, not

(Fig. 151,
ciliate.
E-F.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62696.
Distribution:
Asia.
New
Jersey, Pennsylvania,
New
Mexico, Europe,
On
chaetia
tree at high altitude.
In this collection undeveloped peri-
show the characters described above and the stem leaves are capillary pointed. As far as the material goes it seems to be
clearly referable to T. Philberti.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
THUIDIUM SIPHOTHECA
Hypnum
(C.
M.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
is
2: 321.
1876-77.
siphotheca C. M., Bot. Zeit. 1858: 171.
1858.
No
authentic material of this species
available.
41.
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
plants, often glossy. Stems irregularly branched or pinnate, paraphyllia rarely present. Leaves symmetrical; costa usually single; cells smooth, thin walled, alar
Very slender to moderately robust
FIGURE 151
A-D, Thuidium
branch
X14; E-F, Thuidium

leaf,
delicatulum: A, plant, D, perichaetial leaf, X14.

Philberti: E,
Xl; B, stem
X14; F, apex
leaf,
X14; C, ultimate
leaf,
stem
leaf,
of
stem
X54.
342
25
often well differentiated. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules usually cernuous, often curved; peristome complete; lid conical;
cells
calyptra cucullate, naked.

1.
Stems with abundant paraphyllia Paraphyllia scarce or none

Leaves falcate-secund Leaves erect-spreading Leaves short-pointed, costa variable, ending near mid-leaf. Leaves slenderly acuminate, costa single, ending in acumen
. .
1.
Cratoneuron
2
3
2.
4
.6.
.
3.
Hygrohypnum
Drepanocladus
2.
7.
4.
Leaves widely spreading Leaves erect-spreading

Terrestrial plants, on various substrata
5.
CampyUum
5
5.
Amblystegium
6
Aquatic plants
6.
Costa stout, percurrent Costa slender, ending far below apex
4.
Hygroamblystegium 3. Leptodictyum
1.
CRATONEURON
(Sull.)
Roth., Hedwigia 38:
6.
1899. 1856.
Hypnum
subg. Cratoneuron Sull., Muse.
&
Hep. U.
S. 73.
Dioicous; rather coarse plants, yellowish green, densely tufted; stems often suberect, regularly pinnate, paraphyllia multiform and numerous. Leaves decurrent, somewhat secund; stem leaves ovate, costa strong, cells smooth, inflated and auriculate at basal angles. Seta elongate; capsules cylindrical, arcuate; lid conic-apiculate;
peristome complete.
1.
CRATONEURON FILICINUM (Hedw.)

Hypnum filicinum Hedw.,
Stems
Sp. Muse. 286.
Roth., Hedwigia 38:

1801.
6.
1899.
rigid, suberect, to 5 cm. long or longer, closely pinnate, paraphyllia laciniate. Stem leaves erect-spreading, 1.5-2 mm. long, triangular-ovate from a cordate base, serrulate, acuminate; costa
strong, percurrent; cells narrowly oblong, abruptly inflated and often colored toward basal angles forming decurrent auricles.
Branch leaves narrower, falcate-secund.

Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 50202.
:
(Fig. 152,
A-D.)
Distribution: Canada, United States, Europe, Africa, Asia,
New
Zealand.
On damp ground near spring at high altitude. Partial to calcareous regions and very variable. The above collection is quite typical and the first record for Central America.

2.
343
CAMPYLIUM
Hypnum
subg.
(Sull.)
Mitt, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:

Sull.,
63.
1869.
Campylium
Mosses U.
S. 77.
1856.
sized, partial to damp habitats; stems branched. Leaves squarrose-spreading on all creeping, irregularly sides, acuminate; costa single or short and double; cells narrow, Seta elongate; elongate, quadrate or enlarged at basal angles. subhorizontal peristome complete. capsules curved,
;
Plants slender to
medium
1.
Leaves with a single costa Leaves with costa short and double or lacking
Slender plants, alar cells few, small and quadrate More robust plants, alar cells enlarged
3.
C. chrysophyllum 2
1.
2.
C. hispidulum
2. C. stellatum
1.
CAMPYLIUM HISPIDULUM
Hypnum
(Brid.) Mitt. var.
SOMMERFELTII (Myr.)
1872.
1831.
Lindb., Contr. ad Fl. Crypt. As. Bor. 279.
Sommerfeltii Myr., Vet. Akad. Arsb. Stockholm, 1831: 328.
Autoicous; very slender plants; stems 1-2 cm. long, freely branched. Leaves squarrose-spreading, 0.7-0.9 mm. long, long and
slenderly
acuminate from an ovate, concave, subcordate base, minutely denticulate all around; costa lacking; cells linear, subquad-
FIGURE 152
A-D, Cratoneuron filicinum: A, plant, XI; B, stem leaf, X14; C, branch leaf, X14; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. E-G, Campylium hispidulum var. Sommerfeltii: E, plant, Xl; F, leaf, X16; G, apex of leaf, XllO.
H-J, Campylium stellatum: H, plant, Xl;
margin, X320.
I, leaf,
X16;
J,
upper
leaf cells
and
344
25
and inconspicuous. Seta slender, red, 1-1.5 cm. long; capsule oblong, arcuate, urn 1 mm. long; lid conic-apiculate.
rate alar cells few
(Fig. 152,
E-G.)
: :
in part. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 651 98a in part. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 61518, 79788 a.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35871
86H2.
Distribution: Canada, United States, Mexico,

Asia.
Haiti,
Europe,
On damp banks, rocks and trees mostly at high altitudes. Distinguished from the species by the much longer, finer leaf acumen.
2.
CAMPYLIUM STELLATUM (Hedw.) Lang.

Groenl. 328.
1887.
1801.
&
Jens.,
Consp.
Fl.
Hypnum
stellatum
Dioicous; relatively robust plants, pale or golden green, densely tufted; stems suberect, to 5 cm. long or longer, irregularly branched.
Leaves crowded, squarrose-spreading, 2-3 mm. long, long and slenderly acuminate from an ovate base, entire; costa usually lacking; cells narrowly linear, incrassate, enlarged and subrectangular in a
conspicuous group at basal angles. (Fig. 152, H-J.)
Dept.
Fruit rare; sporophyte typical.
Huehuetenango
Steyermark 50027.
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley
8M96.
Distribution: Northern United States and Canada, Europe, Asia.
Wet meadow and damp ground

instructive
at high altitudes.
These are
collections representing a remarkable leap in highly distribution but are closely paralleled by many other alpine mosses in the local region.
3.
CAMPYLIUM CHRYSOPHYLLUM
Hypnum
(Brid.)
Bryhn, Expl.
2
:
61.
1893.
chrysophyllum Brid., Muse. Recent. 2
84.
1801.
Dioicous; slender, glossy, yellowish or golden green plants in intricate mats. Stems prostrate or decumbent, irregularly branched,
rather rigid. Leaves squarrose-spreading, to 1.6 mm. long, linearlanceolate from an ovate base, acuminate, carinate above, contracted and subcordate at insertion, slightly decurrent; margins erect, entire;
costa single, ending near base of acumen; cells linear, alar group
rather conspicuous, subrectangular, often colored.
Seta elongate;
capsule curved, cernuous;
lid conic-apiculate.
(Fig. 153,
A-C.)

Dept. Huehuetenango: Sharp 4979, 4855, 4914.
345
Distribution: Northern North America south to the Gulf of
Mexico,
New
Mexico, Arizona, West Indies.
On
limestone boulders and bluffs at moderate altitudes.
Again
the southward extension of northern types is emphasized by the occurrence of this species in the calcareous regions of Huehuetenango.
3.
LEPTODICTYUM
Kryptogamefl.
(Schimp.) Warnst,
2: 840.
Laubm.
1860.
Mark Brand.
1906.
1,
Amblystegium subg. Leptodictyum Schimp., Syn. Ed.
595.
Plants aquatic or subaquatic; stems creeping or floating, irreguLeaves spreading, plane margined, acuminate, larly branched. costa single, well developed; cells linear. Sporophyte as in entire;
Amblystegium.
1.
LEPTODICTYUM RIPARIUM (Hedw.) Warnst., Laubm. Kryptogamefl.
Mark Brand.
2: 878.
1906.
1801.
Hypnum
riparium Hedw., Sp. Muse. 241.
Autoicous; stems elongate, branches short, spreading, often complanate-foliate. Leaves rather distant, widely spreading, to 2.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, flat at apex; costa strong, ending
FIGURE 153
A-C, Campylium chrysophyllum: A,
cells
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X24; C, upper
leaf
and margin, X338.
D-F, Hygrohypnum
palustre:
D, plant, XI;
E and
F, leaves, X14.
346
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
above mid-leaf; cells linear, shorter and broader near insertion. Seta to 2.5 cm. long; capsule arcuate, oblong. (Fig. 154, A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark
1^5012.
Distribution:
Africa.
Wide
in
Canada and United
States, Europe, Asia,
Submerged or in wet places at low to medium altitudes. A very protean species with numerous closely interrelated forms that are A comparative study of the difficult to separate satisfactorily. species credited to tropical North America will probably suggest more extensive distribution than outlined above.
4.
HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM Loeske, Moosfl. d. Harz. 298.
1903.
Plants aquatic or subaquatic, dull green; stems irregularly Leaves erect-spreading, plane margined; costa very branched. strong, percurrent or excurrent; cells rhomboidal. Sporophyte as
in
Amblystegium.
1.
HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM FLUVIATILE (Hedw.) Loeske,

Harz. 299.
1903.
Sp. Muse. 277.
1801.
Moosfl. d.
Hypnum fluviatile Hedw.,
Plants floating. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point, entire, concave; costa very stout, scarcely tapering upward,
percurrent; cells narrowly hexagonal, basal cells thick walled and often colored.
This species
is
credited to
I
Ed.
2, 11
337.
1925) but
Guatemala by Brotherus (Pflanzenf. have seen no local material to substanti-
ate the claim.
5.
AMBLYSTEGIUM
1853.
Plants small, terrestrial, growing in moist places; stems creeping, freely branched. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, concave; margins plane; cells rather short, prosenchymatous. Seta elongate,
smooth capsules horizontal, arcuate, subcylindric, constricted under

;
mouth when dry;

1.
lid conical;
peristome complete.
3.
Costa percurrent Costa ending near mid-leaf

.
A. varium
2
2.
Leaves spreading, marginal cells of leaf base rectangular. .2. A. Juratzkanum 1. A. serpens Leaves erect-spreading, marginal cells of leaf base quadrate

1.
347
AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

Hypnum
serpens Hedw., Sp. Muse. 268.
1801.
fasc.
55-56.
1853.
Autoicous; small, slender plants in thin, intricate mats; stems irregularly branched. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, to 1 or 1.2 mm. long, serrulate or subentire; costa slender, to or beyond mid-leaf; cells narrowly rhomboidal, broader below,
quadrate or transversely rectangular at basal margins. Seta 1.5-3 cm. long; capsule cylindrical, arcuate, cernuous. (Fig. 154, D-F.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S6875, 36888.
65^88,

:
870W, 87056.
On
but
I
moist banks and rocks at
medium
leaf cells
collections are all sterile
and the
to high altitudes. These average longer than usual
think the specimens can safely be referred here.
2.
AMBLYSTEGIUM JURATZKANUM Schimp., Syn. Ed.
1,
693.
1860.
Plants similar to A. serpens but with the leaves more widely spreading both moist and dry, serrulate; costa extending well above
mid-leaf; marginal cells at basal angles rectangular.
(Fig. 154,
G-H.)
FIGURE 154
A-C, Leptodictyum riparium: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, X54. D-F, Amblystegium serpens: D, leaf, X14; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; F, basal margin of leaf, X270. G-H, Amblystegium Juratzkanum: G, leaf, X14; H, basal margin of leaf, X270. I-J, Amblystegium varium: I, leaf, X14; J, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
348
25
Distribution: Canada, United States, Europe, Asia.
On wet
species
cells
rocks at
medium
altitude.
The
distinctions
between
this
and A. serpens are admittedly weak.
The elongated marginal
at the leaf base are evident in this collection.
3.
AMBLYSTEGIUM VARIUM (Hedw.)

Leskea varia Hedw., Sp. Muse. 216.
Lindb., Muse. Scand. 32.
1872.
1801.
Autoicous; plants sordid green, rather densely matted. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, subentire, slightly concave, 1-1.4 mm. long; costa strong, tapering upward, ending in acumen; cells oval-hexagonal, 2-4 1, more lax and rectangular toward
:
Branch leaves smaller and base, subquadrate at basal margins. shorter pointed. Sporophyte as in A. serpens. (Fig. 154, I-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81381.
:
Distribution: Canada, United States, Mexico, Bermuda, Europe,

Asia.
On wet banks
every essential
States.
way
This collection agrees in with the average run of the species in the United
6.
HYGROHYPNUM
Lindb., Act. Soc. Fenn. 10: 277.
1872.
Plants glossy, growing in dense, deep tufts. Stems branched, sparingly radiculose. Leaves crowded, often secund, ovate-lanceolate, short pointed, concave; costa variable, short and double or single and forked; cells linear, smooth, often well differentiated at
basal
Seta angles. peristome double.
elongate;
capsules
nodding,
asymmetrical;
1.
HYGROHYPNUM PALUSTRE (Hedw.)

1903.
Loeske, Moosfl.
1801.
d.
Harz. 319.
Hypnum
palustre
Dioicous; robust, glossy, green or golden green plants in deep, silted tufts. Stems to 4 cm. long, profusely and irregularly branched,
entire, 1.5
Leaves secund, broadly ovate, short acuminate, long, 1 mm. wide; costa single, extending well above or shorter and forked; cells linear, small and rather incrasmid-leaf
densely foliate.
mm.
sate at basal angles, forming a poorly defined alar group.
(Fig. 153,
D-F.)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 23 M, 2455.
349
Distribution: Northern United States and Canada south to Pennsylvania and Colorado. On wet travertine in edge of river at moderate altitudes. This is a highly significant addition to the local flora but at the same time strictly in line with the presence of so many other northern temperate types in the area. These seem to be the only records for the species south of the Mexican border.
7.
DREPANOCLADUS
(C. M.) Roth., Beibl. 6. 1899.
Hedwigia 38:
Hypnum
Subsec. Drepanocladus C. M., Syn. 2: 321.
1851.
Slender to robust plants; stems creeping or ascending, paraphyllia few or none, irregularly branched, usually hooked at tips of stems and branches. Leaves falcate-secund, acuminate; costa single,
well developed; cells linear, smooth, often conspicuously enlarged at basal angles. Seta elongate; capsules horizontal, curved peristome
;
complete.
Slender plants, leaves to 2
mm.
long, alar cells thin walled, hyaline

1.
D. exannulatus
Robust
plants, leaves 4
mm.
long, alar cells thick walled
and colored 2. D. aduncus
1.
DREPANOCLADUS EXANNULATUS (Guemb.) Warnst. CANUS (Mitt.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 54-. 1910.
Hypnum mexicanum
Mitt, in sched.
var.
MEXI-
Dioicous; slender yellowish green plants in rather dense tufts; stems to 5 or 6 cm. long, irregularly pinnate. Leaves falcatestem leaves 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, long subulate-acuminate secund; from a broadly ovate, slightly decurrent base, subentire; costa strong, ending in acumen; cells narrowly linear, shorter and broader at extreme base, alar group oblong, inflated, hyaline, extending about
half
way
to costa.
acuminate.
Branch leaves smaller, narrower, more gradually Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 155, A-C.)
:
Dept. Quiche: Standley 62^79. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81328, 82^01. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 6^711. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 69583, 69589, 6960k (as Cratoneuron falcatum).
In marshes, wet meadows and on wet banks at Locally abundant but uniformly sterile.
medium
altitudes.
350
25
FIGURE 155
A-C, Drepanocladus exannulatus

C, basal angle of leaf, XllO.
var. mexicanus: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X16;
of
D-F, Drepanocladus aduncus: D,

leaf,
plant,
Xl; E,
leaf,
X16; F, basal angle
XllO.
2.
DREPANOCLADUS ADUNCUS (Hedw.) Warnst.,

13: 400.
Beih. Bot. Centralb.
1903.
Sp. Muse. 295. 1801.
Hypnum aduncum Hedw.,
Dioicous; plants robust, vivid green, brown below, growing in rather dense mats; stems to 7 cm. long, irregularly branched. Stem leaves laxly falcate-secund, to 4 mm. long, gradually long filiform-
acuminate from an ovate base, channeled above, entire; costa strong, extending well into acumen; cells narrowly linear, broader near insertion, alar group oblong, inflated, with thickened, colored walls. (Fig. 155, D-F.) Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8^86 (as D. Sendtneri). Distribution: Wide in northern United States and Canada; also in Europe, Asia, South America, New Zealand. On wet bank at high altitude. Dr. Frances E. Wynne, who has recently completed a critical study of the North American species, suggests that this collection represents the forma aquaticus (Sanio)
Moenkem.
It is a significant addition to the local flora.
42.
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
Plants slender to
tufts
or
medium sized, usually glossy, growing in dense mats; stems creeping or ascending, mostly irregularly

branched.
351
Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, often plicate; costa single, ending in upper half of leaf; cells linear, frequently Seta elongate, smooth or papillose; differentiated at basal angles. seldom erect; lid conical, short beaked; capsules ovoid, horizontal,
peristome usually complete.
1.
Capsules erect Capsules inclined or horizontal
2
3
1.
2.
Leaves plicate Leaves not plicate

Lid short, conical Lid long and slenderly beaked
Pleuropus
2.
3.
Homalotheciella
3.
Brachythecium
4.
Eurhynchium
1.
PLEUROPUS
Griff.,
Not. 468; PI. Asiat, 2:
pi. 90.
1849.
Rather robust glossy plants in loose mats; stems prostrate, branched, branches ascending, densely foliate. Leaves acuminate, plicate; costa ending near apex; cells linear, rounded-quadrate at
basal angles.
Seta smooth; capsules erect; peristome teeth striolate,
segments
filiform, shorter
than teeth.
1.
PLEUROPUS BONPLANDII (Hook.)

1138.
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1908.
1: 61.
Leskea Bonplandii Hook., Kunth, Syn. PI. Aequin.
1822-28.
Dioicous; plants green or yellowish green; stems to 6 or 7 cm. long, irregularly branched. Branch leaves erect-spreading or secund,
glossy, plicate, 2.5-3
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate
from a subcordate
base, gradually subulate-acuminate; margins recurved at extreme base, plane above, serrulate all around; costa slender, ending near base of acumen; cells narrowly linear, vermicular, rounded-quadrate
and incrassate in a rather conspicuous group at basal angles. Seta to 1.5 cm. long, smooth; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, urn 2 mm.
long.
(Fig. 156,
A-C.)
:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81 73 9, 8171*7, 81852a. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5681a, 35682, 35859; Standley 85395. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65969, 67601, 81*186, 81*288, 81*296, 81*297, 85216; Steyermark Sl*72Sc, 34725, 31*728. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65100, 65213. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47567, J*7568b. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57812, 58781b. Dept. Baja Verapaz:
Standley 9101*2.
Distribution: Texas, Mexico,
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
352
25
On trees, rocks and banks mostly at high altitudes.

in habit
Quite variable
but readily known by the plicate leaves usually with a
vitreous sheen.
2.
HOMALOTHECIELLA
plants;
Card., Bryol. 7: 31.
1904.
Small
cells linear,
stems
creeping,
subpinnate,
Branch leaves imbricated, ovate, not
plicate, costate to
branches short. near middle;
quadrate across lower part of leaf. Seta short, scabrous; capsules suberect; lid conic-rostrate; peristome double, segments adherent to teeth; calyptra pilose.
1.
HOMALOTHECIELLA TENERRIMA
Hypnum
(C.
M.) Card., Bry. 7:31.

1856.
1897.
1904.
tenerrimum C. M., Bot. Zeit. 456.
Rhynchostegium tenerrimum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 219.
"Plants slender, flexuous, yellowish.
Stem
leaves spreading,
minute, gradually subulate from a short, concave base; costa lacking or short and slender, denticulate all around. Seta short; capsule minute, ovoid, erect."
No
trace of this plant can be found in

it
New
York.
Brotherus
was evidently unfamiliar to Cardot. It is a highly problematical species and if the type cannot be located it might better be ignored.
had not seen
it
and
3.
BRACHYTHECIUM
1851.
Plants medium sized, irregularly branched, often glossy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, often plicate; costa single, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, broader and shorter below, often subquadrate
at basal angles.
Seta elongate, smooth or papillose; capsules short, ovoid, nodding; lid conical, short pointed; peristome complete.
1.
Seta scabrous above or throughout Seta smooth Seta scabrous above, smooth below Seta scabrous to base
4.
5.
2 3
2.
B. plumosum B. rutabulum
3.
Stems
dry, filiform-acuminate 1. B. stereopoma Capsules curved or inclined, leaves erect-spreading when dry, shorter acuminate 4
slender, capsules suberect, leaves erect
3. B. alboflavens B. flexiventrosum
when
4.
Plants whitish green, setae 20-22 mm. long Plants yellowish, setae 8-10 mm. long
2.

1.
353
BRACHYTHECIUM STEREOPOMA
1876-77.
(Spruce) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
1869.
1897.
2: 393.
Hypnum
stereopoma Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 561.
?Brachythecium trochalobasis C.

?Brachythecium pusillo-albicans C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 218. ?Brachythecium crocatum
1897.
Hampe,
1897.
Dioicous; plants slender, pale or yellowish green, glossy, in dense, silky mats; stems to 5 cm. long, often shorter, freely branched.
Leaves laxly erect-imbricated; stem leaves 1.5 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, ovate-lanceolate, gradually long and finely acuminate, faintly plicate; margins serrulate all around, slightly recurved below and often toward apex; costa slender, ending slightly above mid-leaf;
subquadrate alar cells numerous, extending nearly to Branch leaves smaller and narrower, biplicate. Seta about 15 mm. long, reddish, smooth; capsule oblong-cylindric, slightly inclined, urn 1.5-2 mm. long; lid conical, 0.5 mm. long. (Fig. 156,
cells linear,
costa.
D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 89872. Dept. Quiche: Standley 621+73. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 65723, 81288, 81569, 821+09, 82785, 83029. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35757, 3651+8, 3661+8; Standley 66121. Dept. Totonicapan:
Standley 81+029, 81+123.
661+81, 661+89, 67599a, 83195,
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 65501, 65503, 65558a, 83396a, 831+51+, 8351+2, 83570, 83810, 83819, 81+161+,
:
FIGURE 156 A-C, Pleuropus Bonplandii: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X14; C, apex of leaf, X54. D-F, Brachythecium stereopoma: D, plant, XI; E, leaf, X14; F, capsule, X8. G-I, Brachythecium flexiventrosum: G, part of plant, Xl; H, leaf, X14; I,
capsule,
X8.
354
25
8614.6.
89006.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58824, 58918, 59488, 59499a, 61178, 61230, Dept. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 79818, 80206, 80938, 81073. Guatemala: Standley 63026. Dept. Baja Verapaz: Standley 91081. Dept. Jalapa:
Standley 76477.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On damp
synonymy.
A widely distributed, elastic species which

to the erect, finely acuminate leaves.
banks, tree trunks, logs and rocks at medium altitudes. I imagine has an extensive The plants have a characteristic silky appearance due
2.
BRACHYTHECIUM FLEXIVENTROSUM
387.
(C.
M.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
1876-77.
C. M., Linnaea 38: 653.
1874.
Hypnum flexiventrosum
Dioicous; more robust than B. stereopoma, plants yellowish green, glossy, in dense mats; stems about 3 cm. long, freely branched.
Leaves crowded, flexuous and erect-spreading when dry; stem leaves 2.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, rather abruptly long and finely acuminate, plicate; margins slightly recurved near base, serrulate all around; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; cells linear, 8-10 M
wide, shorter at base, subquadrate and pellucid at basal angles.
mm. long, smooth; capsule arcuate, subhorizontal, urn (Fig. 156, G-I.) cylindrical, 2 mm. long; lid conical, 1 mm. long.
Seta 8-10
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70454, 89851. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36087, 36098. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34075, 34-082, 34094, 34139, 341 40, 341 41 Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 59486, 651 90. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 61854, 61908, 62005.
: . :
banks and boulders at medium to high altitudes. and have been referred here with considerable reservation. Until the various Mexican species in the Section Salebrosa are resolved one can hardly do more than guess at the specific names.
tree trunks,
On
Most
of these collections are sterile
3.
BRACHYTHECIUM ALBOFLAVENS
1910.
Dioicous; plants pale yellow or whitish green, in lax tufts; stems 5-6 cm. long, irregularly pinnate, branches often attenuate. Stem
leaves 2.5
mm.
long, 1.5
mm.
;
wide, broadly ovate-lanceolate, slen-
derly acuminate, decurrent, faintly plicate; margins minutely serrulate, plane or slightly reflexed costa slender, ending up; cells linear,

subrectangular alar
cells
355
numerous.
Seta smooth, to 22
mm.
long;
capsule arcuate, cylindric, urn 2.5-3

:
mm.
long.
(Fig. 157,
A-C.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 5004.7.
On
value.
ventrosum.
tree at rather high altitude. Doubtfully distinct from B. flexiThe pale color and longer setae may have only a relative
4.
BRACHYTHECIUM PLUMOSUM (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

Hypnum plumosum Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 257.
1801.
fasc. 52-54. 1853.
Autoicous; plants brownish, paler at tips; stems creeping, branches ascending. Branch leaves erect-spreading, often secund,
1-1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, serrulate above; costa ending up; cells linear, quadrate alar cells few. Seta 6-15 mm. long, dark brown, scabrous above, smooth below; capsule inclined to horizontal, urn 1-1.5 mm. long, slightly arcuate.
(Fig. 157,
83 709.
D-F.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 83683,
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 659M.
Distribution: Canada, United States, almost cosmopolitan. On wet rocks and banks at high altitudes. widely distributed
species but not previously recorded
from Central America.
FIGURE 157
A-C, Brachythecium
alboflavens:
A, part of plant, Xl; B, stem

plant,
leaf,
X14;
C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270.
D-F, Brachythecium plumosum: D,
Xl; E,
leaf,
X14; F, capsule, X8.
356
25
5.
BRACHYTHECIUM RUTABULUM (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

1853.
fasc.
52-54.
Hypnum
rutabulum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 276.
1801.
Autoicous; robust, glossy, pale green plants in extensive, loose mats; stems to 6 cm. long, arched, freely branched, branches attenuate, complanate-foliate.
Stem
leaves 3-3.5
mm.
long, 1.5
mm.
wide,
broadly ovate, rather abruptly acuminate, decurrent; cells linear, more lax below, enlarged and inflated at basal angles; costa ending about Branch leaves smaller, ovate-lanceolate, gradually up. acuminate, more strongly toothed. Seta 2-2.5 cm. long, scabrous throughout; capsule oblong, arcuate, urn 2.5-3 mm. long; lid conical,
mm.
long.
(Fig. 158,
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67595,
:
67607, 67611, 67614, 67672, 67674, 67681, 67750; Steyermark 34097, 34141a, 34.142. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65194- Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61850, 61913.
Europe, Asia, Africa,
Distribution: Canada, northern United States, South America, New Zealand.
On damp banks and
average more robust than the usual run

are no structural differences
especially as the species
is I
trees in alpine regions. These collections of the species but as there
doubt
if
they are specifically distinct,
notoriously variable.
4.
EURHYNCHIUM
1854.
Plants medium sized, growing in extensive mats; stems creeping, subpinnately branched. Branch leaves usually acuminate, serrulate, concave; costa single, to or beyond mid-leaf; cells linear, broader and shorter below and often shorter at apex. Seta elongate, smooth
or papillose; capsules horizontal; lid long and slenderly beaked;
peristome complete.
1.
Apical Apical
cells of cells of
branch leaves short, broadly rhomboidal or oval branch leaves not differentiated
2.
2
5
2.
Seta scabrous above, smooth below Seta smooth throughout
E. semiscabrum
3
3. Terrestrial,
stem leaves triangular-ovate from a cordate base. Aquatic, stem leaves broadly ovate, acute or obtuse
1.
E. pulchellum 4
4.
plants, leaves widely spreading, 2 mm. or more long. .3. E. riparioides .4. E. subrusciforme Slender plants, leaves erect-spreading, 1-1.25 mm. long.
Robust
5.
Seta scabrous throughout Seta smooth

.
5.
E. praelongum
6

6.
357
E. huitomalconum
7
7.
.
Stems strongly complanate-foliate, leaves spreading Stems not complanate-foliate, leaves laxly erect
6.
7.
Stems robust, leaves broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long Stems slender, leaves ovate-lanceolate, less than 2 mm. long.
.8.
E. blandum E. scariosum
1.
EURHYNCHIUM PULCHELLUM (Hedw.)

Pa. 350.
1913.
Jennings,
Man. Mosses W.
pulchellum Bridelii Hedw., Sp. Muse. 265. 1801. Eurhynchium strigosum (Hoffm.) Bry. Eur. fasc. 57-61. 1854.
Hypnum Hypnum
strigosum Hoffm., D. Fl. 2: 76.
1796.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green in extensive, soft mats; stems

creeping, elongate, pinnate, branches suberect, attenuate, somewhat flattened. Stem Reaves about 1 mm. long, triangular-ovate, slenderly
acuminate; branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, short acuminate, concave, sharply serrate; costa ending in a dorsal spine near base of acumen; apical cells short, rhomboidal, median cells linear, subquadrate alar cells few. Seta 1-2 cm. long, smooth; capsule oblong, subhorizontal lid slenderly beaked, over half as long as urn. (Fig. 158, D-G.)
;

5-4754.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Steyermark
Distribution: Canada, northern United States, Europe, Africa,

Asia.
FIGURE 158
A-C, Brachythecium rutabulum: A, part of plant, Xl; B, stem
capsule,
leaf,
leaf,
X8; C,
X8.
D-G, Eurhynchium
pulchellum: D, plant, Xl; E, stem leaf, X14; F, branch X14; G, apex of branch leaf, X270. H-J, Eurhynchium semiscabrum: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X14; J, capsule, XlO.
358
25
tions
Shaded banks in alpine region,s. Both of these significant collecshow the branch leaves more widely spreading than usual but differ in no essential way from similar forms from the north.
2.
EURHYNCHIUM SEMISCABRUM
1946.
Yellowish green plants in loose mats; stems irregularly branched, prostrate, branches slightly curved when dry. Leaves spreading on all sides, scarious, ovate, 1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide; margins strongly and sharply serrate all around; costa ending about up leaf, often ending in a dorsal spine; leaf cells linear, shorter and rhomboidal in acumen, subrectangular across insertion. Seta 22-24 mm. long, stout, red, smooth below, rough with low papillae toward apex; capsule large, horizontal, urn 2 mm. long, oblong; lid long
rostrate from a conical base; peristome teeth dark brown, 0.6 mm. long, segments as long as teeth, split along median line, cilia 2,
nodose; spores 12-15
/*.
(Fig. 158,
H-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Near Chiantla along the river south and east of the town, alt. about 1,930 m., Standley 82478a TYPE.
Endemic.
On damp, shaded bank. Suggestive of E. hians (Hedw.) in many ways but distinctive in the setae, which are smooth below.
3.
EURHYNCHIUM RIPARIOIDES (Hedw.)

135.
Richards, Ann. Bryol. 9:

1768.
1936.
rusciforme Neck., Delic. Gall.-Belg. 2: 481.
riparioides
Hypnum Hypnum
1801.
Siles. 312.
Eurhynchium rusciforme (Neck.) Milde, Bryol.
1869.
Plants usually robust, dull brownish green, paler at tips; stems elongate, wiry, freely branched, branches rigid. Leaves not crowded, spreading and contorted when dry, broadly ovate, to 2.5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide, broadly acute to obtuse, denticulate nearly all around; costa strong, extending about up, often ending in a dorsal spine; cells linear, shorter at apex and more lax below. Seta smooth,
10-12
mm.
long; capsule ovoid-oblong; lid with a long, curved beak.
(Fig. 159,
A-C.)
Dept.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70554, 89845, 89848, 89850, 89858a.
Huehuetenango: Steyermark 49663; Standley 81100, 81336, 82409a. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35712, 36460, 37724. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 65925. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65480, 87041, 87049, 87053. Dept. Chimaltenango:
Standley 64348.

Distribution: Canada, United States, Mexico, Costa Rica,
Indies,
359
West
South America, Europe, Asia, Africa. On wet rocks, banks and trees at medium to high altitudes. A widely distributed, variable species which probably includes Hypnum aquaticum Hampe (Linnaea 1863: 61) along with a much more
extensive synonymy.
4.
EURHYNCHIUM SUBRUSCIFORME
1946.
(C.
M.)
Hypnum
subrusciforme C. M., Linnaea 38: 658.
1874.
Autoicous; plants dark green, similar to E. riparioides but smaller. mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ovate, acute or obtuse, concave, serrulate; costa extending up leaf and often ending in a minute dorsal spine; cells linear, shorter and oval-rhomboidal in acumen, more lax at extreme base. Seta 12-15 mm. long, smooth; capsule inclined, urn 1.5 mm. long; lid obliquely and slenderly beaked,
Leaves 1-1.25
1.25
mm.
long; calyptra cucullate.
(Fig. 159,
D-F.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44099, 44766. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36655, S6897a, S6900. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark S5162, 35164; Standley 85817. Dept. Retalhuleu: Steyermark 34549. Dept. Suchitepequez: Steyermark 35311. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 62905.
:
FIGURE 159 A-C, Eurhynchium riparioides: A, plant, Xl; B and C, leaves, X14. D-F, Eurhynchium subrusciforme: D, plant, Xl; E and F, leaves, X14. G-H, Eurhynchium praelongum: G, stem leaf, X26; H, branch leaf, X26.
360
25
On wet rocks and banks at low to medium altitudes. Consistently smaller than E. riparioides with shorter, narrower leaves but other-, wise lacking any distinctive characters.
5.
EURHYNCHIUM PRAELONGUM (Hedw.) Hobk., Syn.

Ed.
2.
Br.
Mosses
1884.
1801.
Hypnum Hypnum
praelongum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 258.
exasperatum Hampe, Linnaea 32: 162.
1863.
Dioicous; plants slender, yellowish green; stems creeping, pinnate, branches divergent, curved, attenuate. Stem leaves scattered, quickly acuminate from a cordate-ovate base, decurrent; costa slender, reaching base of acumen cells linear, more lax at base, large
;
and subrectangular at basal angles.

lanceolate, gradually acuminate.
Branch leaves narrower, ovateSeta 2-2.5 cm. long, scabrous

lid
throughout; capsule ovoid, horizontal;

159,
subulate-rostrate.
(Fig.
G-H.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35711, 86009.
Distribution: Western United States, New Hampshire, Mexico, Costa Rica, South America, Europe, Asia. On wet rocks and banks at high altitudes. These collections show the plants rather regularly pinnate, thus tending toward the var. Stokesii (Turn.) Dixon.
6.
EURHYNCHIUM HUITOMALCONUM
1946.
(C.
M.)
Hypnum
huitomalconum C. M., Syn. 2: 248.
1851.
57.
?Rhynchostegium guatemalense Ther., Rev. Bryol. et Lichen. 8:

in
1934.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, glossy, thin, mats; stems irregularly branched, complanate-foliate, 3.5-4 mm. wide. Leaves widely spreading, to 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate above; costa slender, reaching about up; cells linear, shorter and broader across insertion. Seta smooth, to 2 cm. long; capsule horizontal, oblong, urn 1.5-2 mm. long; lid subu-
intricate
late-rostrate, curved, 1.5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 160,
:
A-C.)
Standley 66900.
San Marcos: Standley 68925.

Jalapa: Steyermark 321+80.
Dept. Sacatepequez
Dept.
On
trees
and logs at moderate
altitudes.
This species
is
uncom-
fortably close to E. serrulatum (Hedw.) Kindb. and will probably have to be combined with it eventually.

7.
361
EURHYNCHIUM BLANDUM (Hampe)

1871.
1946.
Rhynchostegium blandum Hampe, Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 107.
Autoicous; plants rather robust, pale yellowish, glossy, in dense, intricate mats; stems creeping, freely branched. Leaves crowded, erect-spreading, scarious, not or very slightly complanate, to 2.5 mm.
mm. wide, gradually acuminate from a broadly ovate base, sharply serrate above middle; costa slender, extending up; cells long and narrow, shorter across insertion. Seta smooth, 2-2.5 cm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 2 mm. long, contracted below mouth
long, 1
when dry;
lid
subulate-rostrate.
(Fig. 160,
D-E.)
On
tree at
moderate
altitude.
Much more
seen.
robust than any
collection of E. scariosum that I
have
8.
EURHYNCHIUM SCARIOSUM
Hypnum ?Hypnum
(Tayl.) Bartr., Bryol. 49: 121.

1846.
1946.
scariosum Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 65.
leptomerocarpum C. M., Syn. 2: 354.
1851.
Autoicous; slender, yellowish green, glossy plants in thin mats; stems creeping, elongate, freely branched. Leaves spreading,
FIGURE 160
A-C, Eurhynchium huitomalconum: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X16; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X270. D-E, Eurhynchium blandum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X16. F-H, Eurhynchium scariosum: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X16; H, capsule, XlO.
362
25
scarcely complanate, 1-2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, UP acuminate, serrulate; costa ending in a dorsal prickle about leaf; cells linear, shorter and broader at basal angles and across insertion. Seta about 15 mm. long, smooth; capsule horizontal,
scarious,
oblong-cylindric, urn 1.5-2

160,
mm.
long; lid subulate-rostrate.
(Fig.
F-H.)
: :
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36651; Standley 854.09. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67652, 67663, 85611, 86131; Steyermark 34096. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 61875. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80613.
Variable in
medium to high altitudes. often quite slender and rarely complanate-foliate or at least not noticeably so as in E. huitomalconum.
trees,
On
moist banks and rocks at
size,
43.
ENTODONTACEAE
Plants often glossy, in extensive mats; stems creeping, elongate, branches terete or flattened. Leaves ovate, concave; costa lacking
and double, rarely single; upper cells linear, subquadrate at basal angles in numerous rows. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules erect, cylindrical; peristome double, segments narrow from a low basal membrane; lid conic-rostrate.
or short
1.
Costa single, to mid-leaf Costa double and short or none
4.
Rozea
2
2.
Stems mostly
Stems seldom
terete-foliate, cells at basal leaf angles transversely elongated

1.
Erythrodontium
3
terete-foliate, cells at basal leaf angles
quadrate
3.
Small plants, leaves secund, short pointed, often papillose at apical angles 2. Pterigynandrum More robust plants, leaves not secund, smooth, usually acuminate. 3. Entodon
1.
ERYTHRODONTIUM
medium
Hampe, Symb. 8:279.
1870.
sized plants; stems creeping, branches densely Leaves imbricated, ovate; costa lacking or foliate, julaceous, rigid. short and double; upper cells narrow, transversely oval in very
Slender to
numerous rows at basal angles. Seta long; capsules teeth striolate, endostome rudimentary.
1.
erect; peristome
Autoicous Dioicous
Seta yellow Seta red
2.
1.
2 3
2.
E. longisetum E. squarrosum
3.
Stems robust, leaves broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate 4. E. Pringlei Stems very slender, leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate. 3. E. densum

1.
363
ERYTHRODONTIUM SQUARROSUM
2: 159.
(C.
M.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Ed. 2,
1904.
1851.
Neckera squarrosa C. M., Syn. 2: 100.
Autoicous; plants glossy, brownish yellow, in intricate mats; stems creeping or arched, irregularly pinnate, branches numerous, curved, julaceous. Leaves closely imbricated; branch leaves about
1 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, broadly ovate, abruptly short acuminate, concave, nearly entire; costa very short, double; cells linear, transversely rhomboidal in 8-12 rows at basal angles, extending nearly to costa. Inner perichaetial leaves erect, outer more or less recurved; seta reddish, 8-10 mm. long; capsule oblong, cylindric, urn to 2 mm.
long; lid conic-rostrate, 0.5 mm. long; peristome teeth brownish, 200-225 M high, divided at apex, transversely striolate at base,
vertically striolate above, segments rudimentary.
E.
teres).
(Fig. 161,
A-C.)
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78566 (as
On
species
rocks at rather low altitudes. The distinctions between this and E. teres (C. M.) Par. are not convincing. The outer
perichaetial leaves vary
from suberect to squarrose-recurved and
doubt
if
the two species can be separated.
FIGURE 161
A-C, Erythrodontium squarrosum: A,
cells
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X24; C, basal
leaf
and margin, X270.
D-E, Erythrodontium longisetum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X24. F-H, Erythrodontium densum: F, plant, Xl; G, leaf, X24; H,
capsule,
X12.
364
25
2.
ERYTHRODONTIUM LONGISETUM (Hook.)

2: 158.
Par., Ind. Bryol. Ed. 2,
1904.
1818.
Neckera longiseta Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 43.
Erythrodontium cylindricaule C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 208.
1897.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green; stems elongate, interwoven, Leaves imbricated; irregularly pinnate, branches rigid, julaceous. branch leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, broadly oblong-ovate,
abruptly short acuminate, concave, minutely denticulate above; costa lacking or short and double; cells linear, transversely oblong in numerous rows at basal angles. Inner perichaetial leaves erect, 3-4 mm. long, subulate-acuminate; seta yellow, 1.5-2.5 cm. long;
capsule oblong-cylindric, urn to 3 mm. long; peristome teeth pale, 0.25 mm. long, not divided above, faintly striolate toward base;
lid 1
mm.
long; spores brown, diameter 20-30

:
ju-
(Fig. 161,
D-E.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82776, 82867a. 63073. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 80320a.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley

tree trunks at medium altitudes. The plants are somewhat coarser than E. squarrosum, paler green and readily separated by the
On
yellow setae.
3.
ERYTHRODONTIUM DENSUM (Hook.)

158.
Par., Ind. Bryol.

1822.
Ed.
2, 2:
1904.
1: 61.
Leskea densa Hook., Kunth, PI. Aequin.
Dioicous; plants slender, yellowish green, in lax mats; stems creeping or arched, branches ascending, subterete, often slenderly Leaves appressed when dry, erectattenuate, freely rebranched. when moist, to 1 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually spreading acuminate, concave, minutely denticulate above; costa very short
and double;
angles. urn 1.8
cells linear,
transversely oblong in 5-6 rows at basal
Seta 9-12
mm.
long, reddish; capsule erect, narrowly oblong,
below,
long; peristome teeth pale brown, transversely striolate segments filiform, shorter than teeth; lid 0.5 mm. long,
p.
mm.
obliquely conic-rostrate; spores about 15

Dept.
(Fig. 161,
F-H.)
:
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 836M, 86132. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 59831 in part, 61230a in part. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57929a, 80038, 80052. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 33118.
Huehuetenango: Standley 82279.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, South America. On tree trunks and logs at moderate altitudes. The very slender habit and relatively long acuminate leaves with the characteristic
oblate alar cells will distinguish this species.

4.
365
ERYTHRODONTIUM PRINGLEI
1910.
Dioicous; plants golden brown; stems to 4 cm. long, irregularly branched, branches julaceous, flexuous. Leaves closely imbricated, 1.5 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, broadly ovate, concave, abruptly acuminate; margins subentire, often narrowly reflexed toward apex; costa short, double; cells linear, transversely rectangular in 6-8 rows at
basal angles.
lid
Seta reddish, 15-18 mm. long; capsule erect, cylindric; obliquely conic-rostrate. (Fig. 162, A-B.)
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82905.
:
More robust than E. at moderate altitude. with larger, more abruptly acuminate leaves. densum,
On damp bank
2.
PTERIGYNANDRUM
1801.
Dioicous; small plants in thin mats; stems creeping, branches ascending, attenuate. Leaves small, imbricated or secund, usually papillose on back; costa short and double; cells linear, quadrate at
basal angles.
Seta slender; capsules erect; peristome double, seglid
ments short;
conic-rostrate.
FIGURE 162
A-B, Erythrodontium Pringlei: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, X24. C-E, Pterigynandrum filiforme var. mexicanum: C, plant, Xl; D,
E, apex of
leaf,
X24;
X68.
X270. F-H, Entodon erythropus: F, plant, Xl; G,

leaf,
leaf,
X16; H, apex
of leaf,
366
25
1.
PTERIGYNANDRUM FILIFORME Hedw.

Smiths. Misc. Coll. 85 4
:
var.
MEXICANUM
TheY.,
41.
1931.
Plants yellowish; stems 2-3 cm. long, branches irregular, curved, freely rebranched. Leaves noticeably secund, 0.8 mm. long, to 0.5 mm. wide, oblong-ovate, concave, short acuminate, denticulate
above; costa double, often extending about up; cells linear, slightly at apical angles on back above, quadrate alar cells few. papillose Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 162, C-E.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35686, 35858a; Standley 85399.
On
leaves plainly secund, especially
The curved branchlets with the when dry, are quite characteristic.
1844.
3.
ENTODONC.
M., Linnaea 18:704.
Plants glossy, in extensive mats; stems creeping, subpinnate, complanate-foliate. Leaves ovate, subentire; costa short and double or none; cells linear, smooth, subquadrate in a conspicuous alar
group.
basal
1.
Seta elongate, smooth; capsules erect, cylindric; lid conical; peristome double, teeth often striolate, segments narrow from a low
membrane.
1.
Seta red Seta yellow
E. erythropus
2
2.
Segments Segments
of of
endostome vertically endostome papillose
striolate
2.
E. macropodus
3
3.
Leaves acuminate, peristome teeth transversely striolate above Leaves bluntly acute, peristome teeth vertically papillose above
striolate
below, vertically 3. E. Jamesoni striolate below, minutely 4. E. Hampeanus
1.
ENTODON ERYTHROPUS

1897.
1869.
?Entodon Bernoullii Hampe, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 209.
Autoicous; plants glossy, brownish green, in lax mats; stems creeping or arched, pinnate, branches julaceous. Leaves crowded, imbricated, slightly if at all complanate, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
broadly ovate, acute, deeply concave, serrulate above; costa short; cells linear, shorter at apex, quadrate alar cells numerous in 6-8 rows. Seta red, 2 cm. long; capsule cylindric, erect or slightly arcuate, 3-4 mm. long; lid conic-rostrate, 1 mm. long; peristome teeth pale brown, papillose, 0.3 mm. long, segments shorter than teeth.
(Fig. 162,
F-H.)

:
367
Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 81165a, 81565 (as E. Beyrichii), 817S9a (as E. Beyrichii), 82999 (as E. Beyrichii). Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 6M76 (as E. Beyrichii). Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, South America. I have trees, rocks and banks at medium to high altitudes. not seen the type of E. Bernoullii Hampe but the description suggests that it may belong either here or to E. Beyrichii (Schwaegr.) C. M.
On
2.
ENTODON MACROPODUS (Hedw.)
C. M., Linnaea 18: 707.

1851.
1844.
Neckera macropoda Hedw., Sp. Muse. 207. 1801. Cylindrothecium Drummondii Bry. Eur. fasc. 46/47.
flat
Autoicous; robust pale green, glossy plants in extensive, thin, mats. Stems elongate, creeping, branched, branches complanate-
Leaves 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate, slightly hooked at tips. bluntly acute, concave, contracted at insertion; margins erect, entire except at the minutely serrulate apex; costa short, double; cells linear, chlorophyllose, alar cells numerous, short rectangular, pale.
foliate,
Seta slender, yellow, to 3 cm. long; capsule erect, cylindrical, urn to 4 mm. long; peristome teeth to 0.5 mm. long, vertically striolate, pale brown, segments of endostome from a low basal membrane,
brown, as long as teeth, vertically

bluntly pointed; 1.5
163,
mm.
striolate; lid conic-rostrate, long; spores pale, diameter 10 M(Fig.
A-C.)
Dept. El Quiche: Sharp 5327a.
FIGURE 163
A-C, Entodon macropodus: A,
X58.
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
leaf,
X18; C, part
of peristome,
D-F, Rozea
viridis:
D, plant, Xl; E,
X18; F, capsule, XlO.
368
25
Distribution: Eastern United States north to Tennessee and
North Carolina, Mexico, West
Indies,
South America.
On
Jaeg.
is
log at moderately low altitude. E. Drummondii (Bry. Eur.) surely a synonym of E. macropodus Hedw. The leaves and
peristome structure are exactly the same. Grout (Moss Fl. of N. A., Vol. 3, p. 170) gives 0.25 mm. as the length of the peristome teeth. This is much too short. In Sull. Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. Ed. 2,
&
No. 390 the peristome teeth are 0.5 even longer.

3.
mm.
long and in tropical regions

T-
ENTODON JAMESONI
1869.
(Tayl.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 528.
Pterogonium Jamesoni Tayl., Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 59.
1846.
Entodon serrulatus Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 632. 1869. ?Entodon flaviusculus C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 209. 1897.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green; stems creeping, irregularly pinnate, 2-3 cm. long, complanate-foliate, branches attenuate.
when
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-1.5 mm. long, slightly secund dry, concave; margins slightly recurved below, serrulate above; costa double, short; cells linear, quadrate alar cells numerous. Seta 6-8 mm. long, yellow; capsule cylindric, urn 3 mm. long; peristome
teeth reddish brown,
papillose; spores
cleft
vertically striolate above,
transversely striolate below, segments nearly as long as teeth, narrow,

(Fig. 164,
at tips,
20-25 M
A-C.)
68591*, 85291. 81*331, 81*337,
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66278, 66312, ango: Standley 66350b, 6761*0, 67660, 83551*a,
33251, 31*087, 31*093b;
Dept. Quezalten85989; Steyermark
Godman
&
Salvin (type of E. serrulatus Mitt.).
Distribution: Mexico, Central
and South America.
and damp banks at high altitudes. The distinctions between E. serrulatus Mitt, and E. Jamesoni are too subtle Until the tropical American species are carefully for my eyes.
tree trunks
On
restudied
it
No
material of E. flaviusculus C. M. suggests that it may belong here.
seems useless to labor the question of specific identities. is available but the description
4.
ENTODON HAMPEANUS
C. M., Linnaea 18: 705.
1844.
,
more hooked at the
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, coarser than E. Jamesoni and tips of the stems and branches. Leaves to 2 mm.
long, oblong-ovate, acute, minutely denticulate above; quadrate alar cells numerous, often in a larger area on one side than on the

other.
369
Seta 14-16 mm. long, yellow; capsule cylindric, urn 2.5 mm. tapering below; peristome teeth vertically striolate below, smooth or minutely papillose above; spores 14-18 M- (Fig. 164,
long,
D-F.)
Dept. Escuintla: Standley 6^880.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
and the
boulder at rather low altitude. The bluntly pointed leaves different peristome teeth are distinctive in comparison with
E. Jamesoni.
4.
ROZEA
Mex.
97.
1871.
Plants golden brown, glossy, in dense mats; stems creeping, branches numerous, ascending, densely foliate, julaceous. Leaves
closely imbricated, often slightly secund, oblong-lanceolate, concave, short pointed; margins recurved, serrulate at apex; costa single, to
above mid-leaf;
cells linear, smooth, more lax at base, quadrate at basal angles. Seta elongate; capsules erect, cylindric; peristome double, teeth transversely striolate; lid conical.
Plants golden brown, spores 22-30 M in diameter Plants yellowish green, spores 10-16 n in diameter
1.
R. Bourgaeana
2.
R. viridis
FIGURE 164
A-C, Entodon Jamesoni: A,
X110.
plant.
XI; B.
leaf,
X20; C. part
of peristome,
D-F, Entodon Hampeanus: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X20; F, part of peristome, X110. G-I, Rozea Bourgaeana: G, plant, Xl H, leaf, X22; I, basal angle of leaf, XllO.
;
370
25
98.
1.
ROZEA BOURGAEANA
Mex.
1871.
Stems 2-3 cm. long, densely branched, branches curved, varying from quite slender to moderately robust. Leaves crowded, homo-
when moist, to 1 mm. long, 0.4 wide, oblong-lanceolate, short acuminate, concave, biplicate; margins recurved nearly all around, denticulate near apex; costa
mallous when dry, erect-spreading
mm.
ending well above mid-leaf; cells linear, more lax at extreme base, quadrate at basal angles and across insertion. Seta slender, red, 10-15 mm. long; capsule cylindric, urn 2.5-3 mm. long; peristome teeth pale brown, segments nearly as long as teeth, from a low basal membrane; spores 22-30 n in diameter. (Fig. 164, G-I.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 48475, 49925, 50056; Standley 6265 It, Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35888. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 83094. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34723a, 34727; Standley 67705, 83554. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47013. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58707, 60068a.
81 729, 81 767, 81804b.
:
banks and limestone boulders at high altitudes. but the fertile ones show the spores about 25 p. in diameter on the average, so I have tentatively referred them all to R. Bourgaeana, as some of the Mexican species seem to be rather dubiously distinct.
trees, logs,
On Many
of the collections are sterile
2.
ROZEA
VIRIDIS Besch., Prod. Bryol.
Mex.
99.
1871.
Plants similar to R. Bourgaeana but slightly more slender, pale

yellowish green less strongly tinged with brown.
Stems
filiform,
creeping, branches suberect, curved and julaceous when dry. Leaves slightly secund, to 1 mm. long, ovate, short acuminate, concave, lightly plicate; margins revolute to apex, denticulate above; costa
ending near mid-leaf; cells linear-rhomboidal, shorter and subquadrate near insertion and at basal angles. Seta red, 15 mm. long;
capsule erect, cylindrical; peristome as in R. Bourgaeana; spores 10-16 M in diameter. (Fig. 163, D-F.)
Dept. Quezaltenango: Sharp 2110, 2114b.
On Cupressus logs at moderately high altitudes. In these collections the spores measure only 10-16 ^ in diameter as compared with about 25 M in R. Bourgaeana. The plants are yellowish in color and
may
of the
be referable to R. chrysea Besch. but pending a critical study Mexican species I find it impossible to apply the names with
satisfaction.
much

44.
371
PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
Slender to rather robust, mostly glossy plants; stems creeping, irregularly branched, complanate-foliate. Leaves often asymmetrical, usually acuminate; costa single and well developed or short
and double; cells numerous or none.

to conic-rostrate.
1.
or rhomboidal, differentiated alar cells Seta elongate, smooth; capsules erect or nodding; peristome double, endostome with or without cilia; lid conical
linear
Costa single Costa double and short or none

Capsules inclined or horizontal, endostome with a high basal
2.
membrane
1.
Capsules erect, endostome with a low basal

3.
membrane
2.
Stereophyllum Entodontopsis
3.
Quadrate alar Quadrate alar
cells cells
numerous few or none

4.
5.
Pilosium
4
4.
Leaves distichous-complanate, widely spreading Leaves complanate, usually erect-spreading
Plagiothecium Isopterygium
1.
STEREOPHYLLUM
Mitt.,
Muse. Ind. Or. 117.
1859.
on under
Plants slender or relatively robust; stems creeping, radiculose Leaves crowded, often homoside, irregularly branched.
mallous, short pointed, rarely acuminate; costa single, ending near mid-leaf; cells rhomboidal or linear, smooth or unipapillate, sub-
quadrate in numerous rows at basal angles. Seta elongate; capsules nodding, ovoid, contracted under mouth when dry; peristome complete; lid conical.
1.
Leaves acuminate Leaves obtuse or broadly acute

Leaf Leaf
cells
3. S.
leucostegium 2
2.
broadly rhomboidal
.
1.
.
S. radiculosum
cells linear.
.2. S.
subobtusum
1.
STEREOPHYLLUM RADICULOSUM
Soc. 12: 542.
(Hook.)
Mitt.,
Journ.
Linn.
1869.
Hookeria radiculosa Hook., Muse. Exot. tab. 51. 1818. ? Stereophyllum affixum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 217.
1897.
Autoicous; plants rather robust, in yellowish green mats; stems 1-3 cm. long, sparingly branched, complanate-foliate, 3-4 mm. wide. Leaves crowded, to 2 mm. long, oblong-ovate, broadly acute, denticulate near apex; costa strong, extending about up; cells oval-
rhomboidal, rather incrassate, smooth or faintly unipapillate, shorter at base, rounded-quadrate in numerous rows at basal angles. Seta
372
25
cells
A-C, Stereophyllum radiculosum: A, plant, XI; B, leaf, X16; C, upper leaf and margin, X270. D-E, Stereophyllum subobtusum: D, leaf, X16; E, upper leaf cells and margin,
X270.
F-H, Stereophyllum
cells
leucostegium: F, plant,
I,
XI; G,
leaf,
X16; H, upper
leaf
and margin, X270.

I-K, Entodontopsis contorte-operculata:
plant,
Xl;
J, leaf,
X16; K, capsule,
X8.
slender, 10-12 mm. long; capsule ovoid, inclined, urn 1-1.5 long; lid conic-rostrate. (Fig. 165, A-C.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2058, 2823.
mm.
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78423.
Distribution: Florida, Texas, Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
South America.
On
tree trunks
and wet rocks at rather low
altitudes.
This
species will probably acquire a considerable synonymy. The presence or absence of papillae on the leaf cells is not a stable character
and papillose cells occur on the same plant. Steere's remarks on this matter (Am. Journ. Bot. 22 3 407. 1935 and Rev. Bryol. et Lichen 7: 39. 1934) are very much to the point.
as both smooth
:
2.
STEREOPHYLLUM SUBOBTUSUM Ren.

Bot. Belg. 41
:
&
Card., Bull. Soc. Roy.
147.
1903.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, similar in habit and general appearance to S. radiculosum. Leaves 1-2 mm. long, lingulate, obtuse, minutely denticulate near apex, entire below; costa strong, extending to above mid-leaf; cells linear, 5-7 /x wide and 35-50 /z

long,
373
smooth
or
occasionally
faintly
unipapillate,
shorter
and
rhomboidal at extreme apex, subquadrate in numerous rows at basal angles extending nearly or quite to the costa. Seta slender, smooth, 8-12 or 15 mm. long; capsule ovoid, inclined. (Fig. 165, D-E.)
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 8896 Id.
(as S. radiculosum).
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 781 88a
On
from
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica. tree trunks at moderately low altitudes.

S. radiculosum except
Scarcely separable
under the microscope when the linear leaf cells are at once distinctive as compared with the short, broadly rhomboidal cells of S. radiculosum.
3.
STEREOPHYLLUM LEUCOSTEGIUM
12: 543.
(Brid.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc.
1869.
1827. 1897.
Leskea leucostega Brid., Bry. Univ. 2: 333.
Stereophyllum pycnoblastum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 217.
Autoicous; plants rather slender, bright green, glossy, in lax mats;
stems 1-2 cm. long.
Leaves laxly imbricated, homomallous, to 1.5 long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, concave; costa slender, extending to or slightly above mid-leaf; cells linear, smooth, alar cells quadrate, numerous, extending to costa. Seta slender, 8-10 mm. long; capsule ovoid, nodding, urn 1 mm. long; lid conical, 0.4 mm.
mm.
long.
(Fig. 165,
F-H.)
Dept. Chiquimula: Standley 7^287.
Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63197. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 77968.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
South
America.
On
tree trunks
and shaded rocks at rather low
altitudes.
I
From
if
the description S. pycnoblastum clearly belongs here and S. Orcuttii Card, of Mexico is specifically distinct.
doubt
2.
ENTODONTOPSIS
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
895.
1907.
Autoicous; plants slender, similar in most respects to Stereophyllum but capsules erect, narrowly cylindrical; peristome double, segments of endostome from a low basal membrane.
1.
ENTODONTOPSIS CONTORTE-OPERCULATA
Pflanzenf.
I
3
:
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
&
P.
896.
1907.
1851.
Hypnum
contorte-operculatum C. M., Syn. 2: 682.
374
25
Plants pale green, in thin mats; stems 1-2 cm. long, sparingly branched, complanate-foliate. Leaves about 1.5 mm. long, ovatelanceolate, short acuminate, entire; costa slender, ending near or just above mid-leaf; cells linear, smooth, laxly short rectangular or quadrate and hyaline at basal angles and across insertion. Seta
slender, 10-15
mm.
long; capsule erect, narrowly cylindrical, urn
mm.
long;
lid
obliquely beaked, nearly 1
mm. long.
(Fig. 165, 1-K.)
Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 781^2.
On rotten wood at rather low altitude. This genus appears to be a weak segregate from Stereophyllum as S. anceps of the Himalayas and Malaysia has erect capsules that are nearly as cylindrical.
3.
PILOSIUM
C. M., Flora 83: 339.
1897.
Autoicous; plants glossy, bright green, in thin mats; stems elongate, radiculose on under side, irregularly branched, complanatefoliate. Lateral leaves larger, asymmetrical, short pointed, ecostate,
entire; cells linear, oblong, hyaline or colored at basal angles. phyte as in Stereophyllum.
Sporo-
1.
PILOSIUM CHLOROPHYLLUM (Hornsch.) C. M., Flora 83: 340.

1897.
Hypnum
chlorophyllum Hornsch., Fl. Bras.
I2
89.
1840.
Pilosium longisetulum C. M., Flora 83: 340.
1897.
Lateral leaves widely long, 4-5 mm. wide. deflexed points, to 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblongspreading with ovate, short acuminate, entire, broadly inflexed on one side below;
Stems to 3-4 cm.
dorsal leaves slightly smaller, erect-appressed, more symmetrical; costa lacking; cells linear, smooth, shorter at apex and extreme base,
laxly oblong, hyaline or brownish at basal angles. Seta very slender, 15 mm. long; capsule small, oblong, urn 0.5 mm. long; lid 0.25 mm.
long, with a short, oblique beak.
(Fig. 166,
A-C.)
Panama.
On logs and but the species
trees.
is
have seen no collection from Guatemala
frequent in Costa Rica at low altitudes. The ecostate, strongly asymmetrical lateral leaves with numerous oblong alar cells, usually in a larger, colored area on one side than on the
other,
makes
this species easy to recognize.

4.
375
PLAGIOTHECIUM
Bry. Eur. fasc. 48.
1851.
Plants glossy, growing in lax mats; stems creeping, irregularly

lateral
Leaves appearing distichous, branched, very complanate-foliate. rows often asymmetrical; costa lacking or short and double; cells linear, smooth, not or slightly differentiated at basal angles. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules oblong-cylindric, nodding; peristome
complete.
1.
Leaves ligulate, acute or obtuse Leaves ovate, acuminate Leaves denticulate all around Leaves entire or toothed at apex only
Leaves entire Leaves serrulate toward apex
4.
P. scalpellifolium
2
2.
3.
P. planissimum 3
3.
2.
P. denticulatum 1. P. Standleyi
1.
PLAGIOTHECIUM STANDLEYI
1946.
Dioicous; yellowish, glossy plants in flat mats; stems creeping, irregularly branched, branches to 3 cm. long, complanate-foliate.
Leaves not crowded, widely spreading and arcuate with decurved points when dry, ovate, short acuminate, asymmetrical, decurrent,
FIGURE 166 A-C, Pilosium chlorophyllum: A,

leaf,
plant,
XI; B,
lateral leaf,
leaf,
X16; C, median
of leaf,
leaf
XI 6.
D-F, Plagiothecium
Standleyi: D, plant,
Xl; E,
X16; F, apex
X16;
I,
X110.
cells
G-I, Plagiothecium planissimum: G, plant, Xl; H, and margin, X270.
leaf,
upper
376
25
often filamentose at apex, to 2
mm.
long,
mm.
wide; margins
slightly reflexed below, plane above, sharply serrulate
toward apex;
costa double and short; cells linear, smooth, lax and subrectangular
near insertion. Seta 15-20 mm. long, pale; capsule inclined, striate when dry, urn cylindrical, 1.5 mm. long, with a distinct neck; peri-
stome
pale.
(Fig. 166,
D-F.)
alt.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan Santa Maria, TYPE; Steyermark 31*081, 31*115.
3,150 m., Standley 676^6
Endemic.
On trees and moist bank. Near P. sylvaticum (Brid.) but the leaves sharply toothed near apex and often filamentose at the tips. P. longisetulum C. M. seems to be widely different and is described
as having narrowly oblong, entire leaves.
2.
PLAGIOTHECIUM DENTICULATUM (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.

1851.
fasc.
48.
Hypnum
Stems
long,
denticulatum Hedw., Sp. Muse. 237.
1801.
Autoicous; robust plants, yellowish green, glossy, in dense mats. Leaves widely prostrate, branched, complanate-foliate. spreading both moist and dry, slightly undulate when dry, to 3 mm.
1
mm.
wide,
ovate-lanceolate,
lightly
concave,
decurrent,
slightly asymmetrical, acuminate, entire; costa short, double; cells Seta slender, reddish, linear, shorter at apex and near insertion.
to 18
mm.
long; capsule cylindrical, urn 2.5

(Fig. 167,
mm.
long with neck;
peristome pale.
A-B.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Sharp 2607.
Distribution:
Georgia and Colorado.
A robust form with leaves 3 mm. or acuminate and often faintly undulate toward tips. These plants are in good fruit and appear autoicous so I have referred them here rather than to P. sylvaticum (Brid.)
On stump
at high altitude.
long, slenderly
slightly
more
Bry. Eur.
3.
PLAGIOTHECIUM PLANISSIMUM
1946.
(Mitt.)
Bartr.,
Bryol.
49: 122.
Isopterygium planissimum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 498.
1869.
in intricate mats.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green with a vitreous sheen, growing Stems 2-6 cm. long, to 3 mm. wide, occasionally
377
with minute, sharply toothed paraphyllia in the leaf axils. Leaves widely spreading in 2 rows, to 1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; margins plane or narrowly recurved near base, serrulate all around; costa faint, short and double; cells narrowly linear, smooth or very faintly papillose at apical angles, shorter at apex, short and oblong in a very small, hardly noticeable group at basal angles. Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 166, G-I.)
close,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 4556%. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 67279 P. deplanatum). Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 8719S, 87209, 87213. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 60768 (as P. deplanatum), 66898. Dept. Chimaltenango Standley 62310 (as P. deplanatum). Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29^13.
:
(as
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
rocks and wet banks at low to medium altitudes. As a rule the plants have a characteristic glossy sheen which in addition to
the distichous arrangement of the leaves
recognition.
On
makes them
fairly
easy of
4.
PLAGIOTHECIUM SCALPELLIFOLIUM
122.
(C.
M.)
Bartr.,
Bryol. 49:
1897.
1946.
scalpellifolium C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 214.
Microthamnium
Dioicous; plants yellowish green, glossy, in intricate mats; stems prostrate, 1-2 cm. long, freely branched, branches short, 2 mm.
FIGURE 167 A-B, Plagiothecium denticulatum: A, leaf, X14; B, apex of leaf, X134. C-E, Isopterygium diminutivum: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X38; E, upper
and margin, X338. F-G, Isopterygium Chrismari: F, X338.
cells leaf,
leaf
X38; G, upper
leaf cells
and margin,
378
25
wide, strongly complanate-foliate.
in 2 rows, appearing distichous, with
Branch leaves widely spreading minute linear paraphyllia in
long, narrowly oblong or ligulate, deeply concave, abruptly acute; margins erect, minutely denticulate all around; costa double, often extending up; cells linear, smooth, shorter in
the axils, 1-1.2
mm.
apex, alar cells not differentiated.
minute, nodding, narrowly oblong; not seen). (Fig. 168, A-C.)

66896.
lid
Seta short, slender; capsule obliquely beaked (sporophyte
Dept. Retalhuleu: Standley 88157, 88230. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78370, 79399. Mazatenango: Bernoulli &
Cario 82.
Distribution: Honduras, Nicaragua.
On damp rocks, tree trunks and moist banks at low altitudes. very individual species known at once by the ligulate, cymbiform, short pointed, distichous branch leaves. The stem leaves are minute, triangular-ovate and squarrose-spreading, differing sharply from the branch leaves.
Taxiphyllum seems to me to be one of the weakest segregates of Hypnum complex and I feel that the species referred here may be included in Plagiothecium for the time being at least.
the
EXCLUDED SPECIES
PLAGIOTHECIUM LONGISETULUM C. M.,
1897.
This is perhaps an Isopterygium but from the description.
cannot place
it
satisfactorily
5.
ISOPTERYGIUM
1869.
Plants usually slender, yellowish green, growing in intricate mats; stems irregularly branched. Leaves more or less complanatefoliate but not appearing distichous, usually erect-spreading, acuminate; costa short and double or none; cells linear, smooth, subquadrate alar cells few or none.
nodding, ovoid-cylindric; double, complete.

1.
lid
Seta elongate, smooth; capsules small, conical or short beaked; peristome
6. Stems robust, to 4 cm. long, leaves 2 mm. or more long Stems shorter and more slender, leaves less than 1.5 mm. long
/. robusticaule
2
3
2.
Leaves less than 0.7 mm. long Leaves 1-1.5 mm. long

3.
379
/.
Leaves 0.3 mm. long, denticulate Leaves 0.6-0.7 mm. long, entire
Leaf Leaf
cells
all
around
1.
2. /.
perminutum diminutivum
Chrismari
5
4.
cells less
over 100 n long than 100 /i long
5. /.
5.
Leaves crowded, erect-spreading, 1.5
mm.
long, quadrate alar cells in 3-4
rows
Leaves open, widely spreading,
mm.
4. /. guatemalense or less long, quadrate alar cells none

3. /.
miradoricum
1.
ISOPTERYGIUM PERMINUTUM
1946.
Autoicous; very small, pale green, glossy plants in closely interwoven, thin patches on bark of tree. Stems slender, pinnate or bipinnate, branches widely spreading, 2-3 mm. long, laxly foliate. Leaves very minute, scarcely 0.3 mm. long, widely spreading, ovatelanceolate, acuminate, concave, ecostate; margins erect, minutely
denticulate
all
around;
cells linear, incrassate,
row shorter and rhomboidal, no

long,
differentiated alar cells.
smooth, the marginal Seta 8 mm.
smooth; capsule subpendulous, urn to 0.8 mm. long; lid short conic-rostrate, 0.4 mm. long; peristome teeth yellowish, 270 n high, segments of endostome from a high basal membrane, as long as the
teeth; spores smooth, diameter 8-10 n.
Dept. Izabal:
(Fig. 168,
alt.
D-G.)
Damp
forested slopes
and barrancos,
300-900 m., Steyermark
lt!877.
A very attractive little moss and

that
I
one of the smallest of the genus
have
of the
seen.
To
the naked eye the tufts bear a resemblance to

species of Thuidium.
some
more minute
2.
ISOPTERYGIUM DIMINUTIVUM
581.
Bartr., Journ.
Wash. Acad.
Sci. 18:
1928.
Autoicous; very small, delicate, yellowish green plants in thin mats. Stems creeping. Leaves complanate, ovate-lanceolate, acumicells linear, to
mm. long; costa double, very short; 60 n long, short and lax across insertion, alar cells Seta reddish, 5-8 mm. long; capsule few, poorly differentiated. minute, horizontal, urn 0.5 mm. long. (Fig. 167, C-E.)
nate, concave, entire, to 0.6
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Sharp 2990.
On bark
this
of shrub at low altitude. Until the tropical forms of genus are carefully studied and clearly defined the names can
25
FIGURE 168
A-C, Plagiothecium
leaf,
scalpellifolium: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X24; C, apex
of
X110.
plant, Xl; E, leaf, X54; F, upper leaf and margin, X270; G, capsule, X16. H-J, Isopterygium guatemalense: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X16; J, basal angle of
D-G, Isopterygium perminutum: D,

cells
leaf,
XHO.
This collection
I
only be applied with considerable reservation. matches closely the type material from Mexico, so
referred
it
have tentatively
here.
3.
ISOPTERYGIUM MIRADORICUM
1876-77.
(C.
M.)
Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2:
502.
Hypnum miradoricum C. M., Linnaea 38: 650. ?Hypnum leptomiton C. M., Linnaea 38: 652.
1874. 1874.
Autoicous; slender, feathery plants in thin, lax, pale green mats; stems 1-1.5 cm. long, branches flexuous. Leaves not crowded,
spreading, slightly contorted
late, slenderly
when
dry, to 1
mm.
long, ovate-lanceo-
acuminate, entire; costa lacking or very faint; cells linear, more lax near base, quadrate alar cells few and minute or lacking. Seta slender, 10-12 mm. long; capsule subpendulous, urn
1-1.5
mm.
long, ovoid-cylindric; lid conical.

:
(Fig. 169,
A-C.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 8594.6.
tion.
On damp bank at high altitude. Determined from the descripSo many closely allied species have been described from adit is
jacent regions that
impossible to apply specific
names with any

satisfaction.
381
Any
practical understanding of the
group must await
a thorough revisional study.
4.
ISOPTERYGIUM GUATEMALENSE
1946.
Pale or yellowish green, glossy plants in lax tufts; stems creeping, branching irregular to subpinnate, branches widely spreading, slightly compressed, densely foliate. Leaves laxly imbricated when
dry, erect-spreading
when
moist, to 1.5
mm.
long, 0.5
mm.
wide,
ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, concave; margins minutely denticulate nearly to base; costa short and double; cells narrowly
linear,
more
lax
and shorter at extreme base, subquadrate alar
cells
rather numerous, in 4-5 rows. Seta flexuous, dark brown; capsule inclined, short oblong, urn 1.5 mm. long, not contracted under mouth
when
alt.
dry.
(Fig. 168,
H-J.)
(as
Dept. Chimaltenango: Between Chimaltenango and San Martin Jilotepeque, 1,500-1,800 m., Standley 6^36^, 809S7 TYPE. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42208 Plagiothecium deplanatum)
.
Endemic.
rocks. This species differs from I. fecundum Ren. & Card, of Costa Rica in the longer and more crowded leaves with a relatively larger area of quadrate alar cells in 4-5 rows (8-10
in the marginal row).
/.
On shaded banks and
robusticaule Bartr.
is
somewhat
similar
but more robust, with longer stems and larger leaves.
5.
ISOPTERYGIUM CHRISMARI
500.
(C.

1851.
1869.
Chriamari C. M., Syn. 2: 682.
Hypnum
Autoicous; slender, delicate plants in lax, thin mats. Stems elongate, branched, laxly foliate. Leaves complanate, 1-1.2 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate, long
and finely acuminate, concave, entire; costa short, double; cells very long and narrow, to 125 M long, 5-6 M wide, shorter and lax near insertion, alar group small, scarcely differentiated. Seta about 2 cm. long, very slender, reddish below, paler
1
above; capsule nodding or horizontal, urn F-G.)

Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp 290S, 5161.
mm.
long.
(Fig. 167,
Panama.
On
moist
soil
at low altitudes.
The unusually long and narrow

I
leaf cells suggest this species
but
am
far
from confident that the
determination
is
correct.
382
25
FIGURE 169
A-C, Isopterygium miradoricum: A, plant, Xl; B,

of leaf, of leaf,
leaf,
X16; C, basal
angli
XllO.
robusticaule: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X16; F, basal angli XllO. G-J, Pterogonidium pulchellum: G, plant, Xl; H, leaf, X24; I, basal angle o leaf, X270; J, capsule, X16.
D-F, Isopterygium
6.
ISOPTERYGIUM ROBUSTICAULE
1946.
Robust, glossy, yellowish green plants in dense, intricate mats stems creeping, to 4-5 cm. long, irregularly branched, 2-2.5 Leaves wide with leaves, not or scarcely complanate-foliate.
mm
crowded, erect-spreading, 2-2.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave; margins minutely denticulate all around, reflexec above; costa short and double or none; cells narrowly linear, subquadrate in a small, inconspicuous group at basal angles. Fruil
unknown.
(Fig. 169,
D-F.)
alt.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Vicinity of Cubilguitz, M581, M970a, TYPE.
300-500 m., Steyermar)
Endemic.
On limestone bluffs. Possibly near I. semicostatum Ren. & Card Costa Rica but quite distinct in the broader, more concave anc shorter acuminate leaves with the costa obsolete or nearly so. Th( longer stems and more robust habit are also distinctive.
of
EXCLUDED SPECIES
ISOPTERYGIUM
CYLINDRICARPUM
Card.=Ctenidiadelphus
cylindri-
carpus (Card.) Bartr.

TAXICAULIS TRICHOPELMA C. M.,
1897.
Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 210. Bull. Herb.
383
1897.
TAXICAULIS SUBSPLENDIDULUS C. M.,
Boiss. 5: 210.
No
material of the last two species
is
available and neither one
can be satisfactorily located from the description.
45.
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
Plants slender or robust, often glossy, in dense tufts or mats; stems prostrate or ascending, pinnate or irregularly branched. Leaves ovate, usually acuminate; costa lacking or short and double; cells linear, smooth or papillose, large and often inflated in a conspicuous group at basal angles. Seta elongate, smooth or papillose;
capsules small, nodding or horizontal, rarely erect; peristome double,
complete;
1.
lid
usually long and slenderly beaked; calyptra cucullate.
Minute plants, capsule erect, peristome single 1. Pterogonidium 2 Larger plants, capsule nodding or horizontal, peristome double
2.
Stem and branch Stem and branch

Alar Alar
cells cells
leaves differentiated
leaves not differentiated

2.
3.
thick walled, subquadrate

thin walled, inflated, oblong
3.
Heterophyllum Acanthocladium
5 6
4.
Leaf
cells papillose cells

cells
over lumens
papillose only at apical angles
7.
Leaf
5.
smdoth or
Leaf
Leaf
unipapillate
Trichosteleum
8.
cells seriate papillose

9.
Taxithelium
6.
Leaves oblong or lingulate, apex rounded or obtuse Leaves lanceolate, acuminate

Peristome teeth with a median furrow
Peristome teeth with a
fine,
Glossadelphus 7
6.
7.
Acroporium
8
zig-zag
median
line
5.
8.
Exothecial
cells
cells
rectangular, not collenchymatous
Brotherella
Exothecial
rounded, strongly collenchymatous
4.
Sematophyllum
1.
PTEROGONIDIUM
1897.
Autoicous; small yellowish green plants in thin, lax mats; stems Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceoshort, irregularly branched. Seta short, smooth; late, ecostate; cells linear, alar cells quadrate.
capsules erect, cylindric; peristome single, teeth papillose;
rostrate.
lid conic-
384
25
Bull. Herb. Boiss.
1.
PTEROGONIDIUM PULCHELLUM (Hook.) C. M.,

5:210.
1897.
4.
Pterogonium pulchellum Hook., Muse. Exot. tab.
1818. 1897.
Pterogonidium subtilissimum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 209.
long, prostrate, branches short, slightly Leaves not crowded, erect-spreading to widely complanate-foliate. spreading, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, slightly concave; margins plane, minutely denticulate above; cells linear, smooth, alar cells rather numerous, quadrate, in 3-4 rows at basal angles. Seta 3-4 mm. long, yellowish; capsule cylindric, urn 1 mm. long; peristome teeth pale brown. (Fig. 169, G-J.)
Stems about 10
mm.
West
Indies,
South America.
No Guatemalan
much doubt
collections
of P. subtilissimum certainly suggests no distinctions of value. P. nanum (Besch.) Broth, of Guadeloupe and
without
also
have been seen but the description any particular Martinique is a synonym.
(Schimp.) Kindb., Check List
72.
2.
HETEROPHYLLUM
Eur.
& Am.
Mosses
1894.
1860.
Hypnum
subg. Heterophyilium Schimp., Syn. 629.
Plants robust, golden green, glossy; stems prostrate, pinnate, paraphyllia multiform. Leaves crowded, erect-spreading to slightly
linear, alar cells
secund, ovate, long acuminate, strongly serrate in our species; cells subquadrate, incrassate, colored. Seta elongate,
smooth; capsules oblong-cylindric, curved, nodding or suberect; conic-apiculate; peristome complete.

1.
lid
HETEROPHYLLUM AFFINE (Hook.)

1919.
Fleisch.,
Laubm. Java
4: 1177.
Hypnum
closely
affine
Hook., Kunth,
PI.
Aequin.
64.
1822-28.
Autoicous; growing in extensive mats; stems 2-6 cm. long, and regularly pinnate, branches often slightly hooked at Stem leaves erect, appressed, complanate, 2-3 mm. long, tips. oblong-ovate, narrowed to a long, lanceolate spinose-serrate acumen; margins plane or narrowly recurved below; costa faint or lacking;
cells linear, laxer
and yellowish across
insertion, alar
group
inflated,
subquadrate, in 4-5 rows, incrassate, colored. Branch leaves smaller, Seta 2-3 cm. long, reddish; capsule narrowly ovate-lanceolate. suberect, curved, urn 2.5-3 mm. long; lid apiculate. (Fig. 170, A-D.)

Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 49951, 49952.
:
385

in alpine regions. It seems highly probable that this inseparable from H. nemorosum (Koch.) Kindb. in which event the range would extend northward to the southern Appala-
Ravine
is
species
chians and include Europe and Asia.
3.
ACANTHOCLADIUM
Mitt., Trans. Soc. Victoria 19: 85. 1883.
&
Proc. Roy.
Dioicous; pale, glossy plants forming dense mats or tufts. Stems prostrate or ascending, elongate, pinnate or bipinnate, branches
slender, attenuate, curved when dry. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate, acuminate, entire or weakly toothed, ecostate; cells linear, colored
across insertion, inflated at basal angles.
Seta elongate, smooth; horizontal; peristome double, perfect; lid conic-rostrate. capsules
1.
ACANTHOCLADIUM COSTARICENSE
Acad.
Sci. 21: 294.
Bartr.
&
Dix., Journ.
Wash.
1931.
Stems
Slender, pale, profusely branched, glossy plants, densely tufted. twice pinnate, branches spreading, ultimate branchlets
FIGURE 170
A-D, Heterophyllum affine: A, plant, XI; B, stem leaf, X16; C, branch leaf, X16; D, apex of stem leaf, X68. E-H, Sematophyllum subsimplex: E, plant, Xl; F, stem leaf, X16; G, branch leaf, X16; H, basal angle of leaf, XllO. I-K, Sematophyllum Lindigii: I, plant, Xl; J, leaf, X16; K, apex of leaf, X68.
386
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
attenuate.
Stem
ecostate, 1.2
mm.
leaves ovate, abruptly slenderly acuminate, entire, long, 0.5 mm. wide; cells linear, to 100 n long,
colored and shorter across insertion, alar cells large, inflated, yellowish. Branch leaves smaller, lanceolate, gradually acuminate, serrulate
toward apex.
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 173,
D-G.)
Base of tree at moderate altitude. Apart from the more slenderly acuminate stem leaves these plants are in every way similar to the original collection from Costa Rica.
4.
SEMATOPHYLLUM
5.
1865.
tufts;
Autoicous; plants rather slender, often glossy, in dense mats or stems prostrate, irregularly branched, branches numerous,
usually erect or ascending, densely foliate. Leaves erect-spreading or falcate, ovate-lanceolate, concave, entire or weakly toothed above,
nearly ecostate; cells elongate, smooth, alar cells large, inflated, usually conspicuous. Seta smooth; capsules small, ovoid, erect or nodding, exothecial cells collenchymatous; lid subulate-rostrate;
peristome complete.
1.
Stems subpinnately branched, branches horizontal Stems irregularly branched, branches erect or nearly so
Leaves falcate-secund Leaves erect-spreading
Leaves subentire, subulate-acuminate from an oblong base Leaves serrulate above, narrowly ovate-lanceolate
Epiphytic on branches of shrubs, perichaetium 3-3.5
Terrestrial or corticolous, perichaetium 2
1.
S. subsimplex
2
3
2.
4
2. S. 3. S.
3.
Lindigii
insularum
4.
mm.
long
6.
mm.
or less long
. .
S. Steyermarkii 5
5.
Robust plants, leaves subulate-acuminate, deeply concave 4. S. cuspidiferum 6 Plants smaller, leaves with shorter, broader points, slightly concave
Leaf Leaf
cells short,
cells
6.
oval or rhomboidal long and narrow
5.
S. caespitosum 7 S. angustirete S. sericifolium
7.
Leaves oblong-ovate, short acuminate Leaves narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate
8. 7.
1.
SEMATOPHYLLUM SUBSIMPLEX (Hedw.)

12: 494.
1869.
1801.
Hypnum
subsimplex Hedw., Sp. Muse. 270.
Plants slender, pale, slightly glossy; stems to 3-4 cm. long, branches horizontal, usually widely spreading, somewhat com-

planate.
387
Stem
leaves erect-spreading, 1.5
mm.
long, ovate, slenderly
acuminate, concave, entire;
cells linear, incrassate, shorter
and yellow
across insertion, alar cells 4-5, oblong, inflated, brownish. Branch Seta slender, 1.5 cm. long; leaves smaller, often slightly secund.
capsule nodding, ovoid, urn about 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 170,
E-H.)
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2727, 282^. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38833. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M421. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47986. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31630.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
logs, tree trunks
and rocks at low
altitudes.
When
well
developed the spreading, horizontal branches give the species a The genus Rhaphidorrhynchium Besch. is characteristic look.
separated from Sematophyllum principally by the falcate-secund leaves but the distinction seems to be of minor importance.
2.
SEMATOPHYLLUM LINDIGII (Hampe)

487.
1869.
Lindigii
Hypnum
Hampe, Ann.
Sci.
Nat. Ser.
5, 5:
330.
1866. 1869.
Sematophyllum oblique-rostratum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 490.
Plants relatively robust, golden yellow, glossy, in dense mats; stems 2-4 cm. long, irregularly pinnate. Leaves crowded, falcatesecund, 2-2.5 mm. long, long subulate-acuminate from an oblongovate base, entire or nearly so; margins recurved below; alar cells
conspicuous, yellow, often transversely divided. Perichaetial leaves filiform-acuminate, entire; seta bright red, 1.5-2 cm. long; capsule subhorizontal, oblong, curved, urn 1-1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 170, I-K.)
San Marcos: Steyermark 36^78.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69063, 69088, 70363, 9U57, 92070. Dept. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8^018, 8^527. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 609^9, Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 63666. 61088, 618M. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark ^3^37. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark
32Jt83a, 32819.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador. On logs and tree trunks at medium to high altitudes. Readily known by the robust habit and strongly falcate-secund, entire leaves.
I
doubt
if
S. oblique-rostratum has
any
distinctive characters.
3.
SEMATOPHYLLUM INSULARUM
12: 489.
(Sull.)
Mitt., Journ.
Linn. Soc.
1869.
Sull.,
Hypnum
insularum
Proc.
Am. Acad.
5: 287.
1861.
Less robust than S. Lindigii; stems 1-3 cm. long, yellowish brown, paler at tips. Leaves falcate-secund, 1.5 mm. long, narrowly ovate-
388
25
FIGURE 171
A-C, Sematophyllum insularum: A,
plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X16; C, apex
leaf,
of leaf,
XHO.
D-F, Sematophyllum cuspidiferum: D,
leaf, dorsal cells
plant,
Xl; E,
X16; F, apex
I,
of
view, X32.
leaf,
G-J, Sematophyllum caespitosum: G, plant, Xl; H, and margin, X270; J, perichaetium, XlO.
X16;
upper
leaf
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins erect, minutely but distinctly serrulate toward apex; alar cells 3-4, oblong, inflated, colored. Perichaetial leaves oblong, acuminate, serrulate; seta about 1.5 cm.
long, red; capsule horizontal, ovoid-cylindric,
(Fig. 171,
urn to 1.5
mm.
long.
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90776. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 845 12b, Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 31*318, 34723b, 34865, 34873, 34874; Standley 84238. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32531 (as S. chrysocladon)
84556.
.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica.

logs and tree trunks at medium to high altitudes. The much narrower leaves, serrulate above and especially at the tips will assist in separating this species from S. Lindigii.
On
4.
SEMATOPHYLLUM CUSPIDIFERUM
480.
Mitt.,
Journ. Linn. Soc.
12:
1869.
Plants robust, brownish or golden green, glossy, in dense mats; stems to 3 or 4 cm. long, branches numerous, ascending, tumid, Leaves laxly imbricated, about 2 mm. slightly complanate-foliate.
long, oblong-ovate, deeply concave, subulate-acuminate, ecostate,
389
Perientire; alar cells 3-4, oblong, supra-alar cells subquadrate. chaetial leaves 2-2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, long subulate-acuminate,
entire; seta red, 2.5
lid
long;
cm. long; capsule horizontal, ovoid, urn subulate-rostrate, 0.5 mm. long. (Fig. 171, D-F.)
mm.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 67106, 68007, 8SSOO, 8S688, 81*582, 81*765, 84774, 81*810, 81*882, 85664, 8565Sa, 86796, 86834, 8686Sa, 87966; Steyermark SS210, SSS70, 35181.
On damp
altitudes.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Ecuador. banks, rocks and tree trunks at
medium
to rather high
Apparently confined to Quezaltenango locally and fairly distinct from any of the caespitosum complex by the more robust habit and the deeply concave leaves with long, subulate-acuminate
points.
5.
SEMATOPHYLLUM CAESPITOSUM (Hedw.)

12: 479.
1869.
1801.
1: 62.
Leskea caespitosa Hedw., Sp. Muse. 233.
Hypnum Hypnum
loxense Hook.,
Kunth
PI.
Aequin.
1822-28.
galipense C. M., Bot. Zeit. 1848: 780.
1848.
larly branched, branches often
Plants yellowish green, laxly tufted; stems 1-4 cm. long, irregucurved with the leaves slightly secund. Leaves crowded, 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong-ovate or ovate, acute or short acuminate, slightly concave, entire, ecostate; cells oval-rhom-
apex and more elongate below, alar cells 3-4, oblong, scarcely inflated, supra-alar cells subquadrate, rather numerous. Perichaetium small, inner leaves about 1.5 mm. long, ovate,
boidal, shorter at
broadly acuminate, entire; seta 5-15 mm. long, red; capsule inclined, ovoid, often asymmetrical, urn 1-1.5 mm. long. (Fig. 171, G-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 717S6, 71760, 90S6S, 90679; Steyermark 1*1*858. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 82386, 821*21*. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 81*692, 85171*, 86799, 87936; Steyermark 33209, SS67S, 35119. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 88961. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 1*2217, 1*2218, 1*2219, 1*2220, 1*2222, 42223, 1*2221*. Dept. Jalapa: Standley 77052.
:
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
On
tree trunks,
damp banks and wet
rocks at low to
medium
I
altitudes.
frequent, widely distributed, protean species which think includes H. loxense and H. galipense without much doubt.
6.
SEMATOPHYLLUM STEYERMARKII
1946.
Autoicous; robust, glossy, yellowish green plants, epiphytic on branches of shrubs; stems elongate, creeping, adhering to the bark,
390

F
25
FIGURE 172
A-D, Sematophyllum
of leaf,
cells
XI 10; D,
Steyermarkii: A, plant, XI; B, perichaetium, XlO.

sericifolium: E, plant,
I,
leaf,
X16; C, basal angle X16; G, upper X16; L,

leaf
E-H, Sematophyllum
Xl; F,
leaf,
and margin, X270; H, capsule, X8.

I-L, Brotherella deplanatula:
plant,
Xl; J and K,
leaves,
leaf apex,
XHO.
pinnately branched, branches suberect, 2-2.5 cm. high, irregularly rebranched. Leaves of secondary stems crowded, laxly imbricated when dry, erect-spreading when moist, oblong-ovate, abruptly short acuminate, lightly concave, about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; margins
minutely denticulate toward apex; costa double, short; upper smooth, alar cells 5, oblong-vesiculose. Perichaetium large, 3-3.5 mm. long; seta smooth, reddish, 8-9 mm. long; capsule cylindrical, inclined, urn 1 mm. long, strongly contracted under the mouth when dry.
erect, entire below,
leaf cells oval-rhomboidal, basal cells linear,
(Fig. 172,
A-D.)
alt.
Dept. Izabal: Along Rio Frio, Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M704..
75 m., Steyermark 39923 TYPE.
Dept.
Endemic.
Compared with any of the forms of S. caespitosum the epiphytic habit on branches is different, the leaves are larger, the alar cells more numerous and better defined, without any supra-alar group and the perichaetia are consistently much longer and more conspicuous.
7.
SEMATOPHYLLUM SERICIFOLIUM
1869.

1910.
Rhaphidostegium chrysocladum Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 57.
391
Plants slender, pale yellowish green; stems 1-2 cm. long, irreguLeaves close, erect-spreading, often homomallous, larly branched.
1 mm. long, lanceolate, concave, slenderly acuminate, ecostate, entire; cells linear, alar cells 2 or 3, oblong, inflated, hyaline or
yellowish, subquadrate supra-alar cells in 2 or 3 rows. Perichaetial leaves to 1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, long acuminate, minutely serrulate
above; seta slender, 5-10

1
mm.
long; capsule inclined, oblong,
urn
mm.
long.
(Fig. 172,
E-H.)
Dept.
Dept. Peten: Lundell 2835. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 821 M. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 3^911*, 85108; Standley 83571.
Distribution: Mexico, Cuba.
and damp banks at medium to rather high altitudes. As can see the distinctions between R. chrysocladum and S. sericifolium are too weak to be of any practical value.
logs
far as I
8.
On
SEMATOPHYLLUM ANGUSTIRETE
1947.
Rupestrine plants, golden green, glossy, in deep tufts. Stems creeping, branches suberect, crowded, turgid, to 2 cm. long, often
Leaves crowded, closely imbricated, erect-spreading, concave, oblong-ovate, abruptly short acuminate, about 2 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide; margins erect, entire; cells narrowly linear, 75-100 n
rebranched.
FIGURE 173
A-C, Sematophyllum cells and margin, X338.
angustirete: A, plant,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X14; C, upper
leaf,
leaf
D-G, Acanthocladium
F, branch leaf,
X28; G, basal angle
costaricense: D, part of plant, of stem leaf, X338.
Xl; E, stem
X28;
392

fj,
25
long, 4-5 vesiculose.
wide, colored across insertion, alar cells 3-4, oblong, Perichaetial leaves gradually acuminate; seta 12-14 mm.
long, reddish; capsule inclined, curved, asymmetrical, urn 1.5 (Fig. 173, A-C.) long; lid obliquely subulate-rostrate.
mm.
Endemic.
On boulder at low altitude. The crowded, turgid branches, somewhat cuspidate at the tips, give these plants a characteristic and unusual appearance. The leaves are more densely imbricated, more slenderly acuminate and the areolation is much longer and narrower than in S. marylandicum (C. M.) E. G. Britt.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
APTYCHUS APALOBLASTUS C. M., APTYCHUS LONGICOLLIS C. M.,
1897.

1897.
1897.
APTYCHUS SEMITORTULUS C. M.,
descriptions of the above species suggest that they may represent forms of S. caespitosum but the types are not available
for comparison.
The
5.
BROTHERELLA
Loeske, Stud. 175.
1910.
Slender, glossy plants; stems prostrate. Leaves falcate-secund, acuminate, serrulate above, ecostate; cells linear, alar cells inflated.
Seta elongate; capsules inclined, exothecial collenchymatous.
cells
rectangular, not
1.
BROTHERELLA DEPLANATULA
Ed.
2,
(Card.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
11: 425.
1925.
1910.
Hypnum
deplanatulum Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 56.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, glossy, in lax mats; stems to 3 cm. long, pinnate, branches spreading, curved, complanate-foliate. Leaves 1.5 mm. long, slightly falcate, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, ecostate; margins often narrowly recurved below, serrulate toward apex; cells linear, alar cells 3-5, oblong, inflated, hyaline or
yellowish.
Seta slender, to 2 cm. long, red; capsule inclined, cylin(Fig. 172, I-L.) drical, curved; lid conic-rostrate.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 85906, 8605b.

393
On logs at high altitudes. Although sterile these collections almost surely belong here as the gametophyte characters are identical with those of the type collection. The serrulate leaves and the
rectangular exothecial cells, not thickened at the corners, will separate the plants from Sematophyllum.
6.
ACROPORIUM
1868.
Plants slender to robust, in dense tufts; stems creeping, branches Leaves numerous, suberect, densely foliate, cuspidate at tips. erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, subentire, ecostate; cells linear, smooth, alar group conspicuous, sharply defined. Seta
slender; capsules suberect; peristome teeth transversely striolate,
with a narrow median furrow;
lid
long and slenderly beaked.
1.
ACROPORIUM PUNGENS (Hedw.)

11:436.
1925.
Broth., E.
1801.
&
P. Pflanzenf. Ed. 2,
Hypnum
pungens Hedw., Sp. Muse. 237.
Synoicous; plants glossy, pale yellowish green; branches to 4 or 5 cm. high, subpinnately rebranched. Leaves laxly erect-spreading
FIGURE 174
A-C, Acroporium pungens: A,
plant,
Trichosteleumfluviale: D, plant, G, capsule, X16.
D-G,
Xl; B, leaf, X16; C, capsule, XlO. Xl; E, leaf, X24; F, apex of leaf, X270;
plant,
H-K,
cells
Taxithelium planum: H, part of and margin, X270; K, capsule, XlO.
Xl;
I, leaf,
X16;
J,
upper
leaf
394
25
2-2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, gradually acuminate; margins involute toward apex, denticulate at extreme point; cells
to subsecund,
linear, shorter
and yellow across insertion,
alar cells 3-4, large, oblong,
inflated, hyaline or colored, in a contracted, subauriculate group. Perichaetium small, inner leaves 1 long, ovate, acuminate,
mm.
serrulate above; seta slender, red, 10-12

tip,
smooth below; capsule
erect, 1
cells collenchymatous; lid 1 mm. 375 n high, with a narrow median
mm. long, scabrous near long, obovoid, exothecial long; peristome teeth pale brown, mm.
slit.
(Fig. 174,
A-C.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69333, 70062.
Distribution:
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
Widely distributed and easily recognized by the pale, sharply pointed leaves spreading on all sides and cuspidate at the tips of the branches and the numerous setae usually borne well up on the branches.
tree trunks at
On
7.
TRICHOSTELEUM
Sematophyllum
sec.
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 477.
1876-77.
Trichosteleum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:476. 1869.
Plants usually small, in thin mats; stems creeping, irregularly Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, usually branched. toothed above; cells elongate, unipapillate in our species, alar cells Seta slender, smooth or papillose above; capsules large, inflated. pendulous, minute; peristome teeth with a median furrow; lid with
a long, needle-like beak.

Leaves with short, broad points, seta to 3.5 Leaves subulate-acuminate, seta 6
mm.
long
2.
1.
T. fluviale
mm.
long
T. Bernoullianum
1.
TRICHOSTELEUM FLUVIALE
77.
(Mitt.) Jaeg.,
Adumb.
2: 485.
1876-
Sematophyllum
fluviale Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 493.
1869.
Autoicous; minute, pale green plants in thin mats; stems 3-5

long, irregularly branched, complanate-foliate.
mm.
long, oblong-lanceolate, short acuminate, concave, subentire; cells linearrhomboidal, with a single large papilla over center of lumen. Peri-
Leaves 0.9
mm.
chaetial leaves 1
mm.
long,
long, subulate-acuminate, serrulate above;
seta 2.5-3.5
(Fig. 174,
mm.
smooth; capsule pyriform, urn 0.4
mm.
long.
D-G.)

Distribution:
395
Panama, Colombia.
level.
On
2.
log near sea
TRICHOSTELEUM BERNOULLIANUM
Pflanzenf.
I
3
:
(C.
M.) Broth., E.
1897.
&
P.
1119.
1908.
Sigmatella Bernoulliana C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 213.
More robust than

6
T. fluviale; leaves subulate-acuminate.
Seta
mm.
long,
smooth; capsule cylindrical, urn 0.6
mm.
long.
Mazatenango: Bernoulli
&
Carlo 76.
Endemic.
not available and the distinctions, such as they are, made by Mr. Williams in the New York Botanical Garden, evidently from a scrap of the type collection which was returned to Berlin.
is
The type
are based on sketches
8.
TAXITHELIUM
Spruce, Catal.
1867.
Slender, mostly corticolous plants in thin mats; stems creeping,
subpinnate, complanate-foliate.
serrulate, lateral
Leaves ovate, ecostate, concave, rows spreading, median rows smaller, appressed;
lid conical, short;
cells linear, seriate papillose, alar cells differentiated.
smooth; capsules ovoid, inclined;

plete.
Seta elongate, peristome com-
1.
TAXITHELIUM PLANUM
1869.
(Brid.) Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 496.
Hypnum planum
Brid.,
Muse. Rec. Suppl.
2: 97.
1812.
1897.
?Sigmatella pseudo-acuminatula C. M.., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 214.
Autoicous; plants dull green in lax, thin mats; stems to 4 cm. long or longer, pinnate, strongly complanate-foliate, 1.5-2 mm. wide. Lateral leaves rather widely spreading, to 1.2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ovate, short acuminate, concave, serrulate nearly all around; cells linear, seriate papillose over lumens, shorter and smooth across insertion, alar cells 3-4, oblong, slightly enlarged, hyaline, not conspicuous. Seta slender, to 1.5 cm. long; capsule horizontal, ovoid, urn to 1 mm. long; lid conical. (Fig. 174, H-K.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark S9276, S9586, S9587, 39757, ^1695; H. Johnson 1117.
West
Indies, Central
and South
America.
396
25
On
might which
American
and logs at low altitudes. This common tropical species varies somewhat in leaf outline and I should imagine well include Sigmatella pseudo-acuminatula, no specimen of is available.
tree trunks
9.
GLOSSADELPHUS
Fleisch.,
1920.
flat mats; stems creeping, Leaves oblong to ligulate, irregularly pinnate, complanate-foliate. obtuse or broadly rounded, toothed toward apex; costa short and
Plants rather slender, growing in thin,
double;
cells linear,
usually papillose at apical angles.

lid conical;
Seta elongate,
smooth; capsules ovoid;
peristome complete.
1.
Leaves oblong-ovate, broadly rounded or truncate Leaves

ligulate, obtuse
2.
G. cocoensis
G. ligulaefolius
1.
GLOSSADELPHUS COCOENSIS (Williams)

Sci. Ser. 4, 21
:
Bartr., Proc. Cal.
Acad.
86.
1933.
1924.
:
Hookeriopsis cocoensis Williams, Bryol. 27: 40.
3 Glossadelphus longisetus Bartr., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26
109.
1928.
mm.
Autoicous; stems 2-3 cm. long, subpinnately branched, branches wide. Leaves oblong, concave, truncate or broadly rounded,
mm. long; margins erect, serrulate below, coarsely and irregutoothed at apex with the teeth often bifid costa lacking or short larly and double; cells linear, minutely papillose at apical angles. Seta 1-3 cm. long, smooth or slightly scabrous above; capsule inclined,
to 0.9
;
ovoid, urn 1.5-2
mm.
long; lid conical, to 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 175,
A-C.)
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 41867, 41868.
33375.
Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark
Distribution: Costa Rica, Galapagos Islands.
On
tree trunks at rather
low
altitudes.
Williams describes the
species as synoicous but all the plants examined are autoicous. As there are
I
believe they are
all
from Costa Rica that I have no other apparent differences representative of one specific type.
2.
GLOSSADELPHUS LIGULAEFOLIUS
1946.
Dioicous? no female flowers seen. Slender, yellowish green, glossy plants in soft, thin mats; stems prostrate, to 2 cm. long, Leaves unaltered sparingly branched, complanate-foliate, obtuse.

when
0.23
397
mm.
dry, erect-spreading, ligulate, obtuse, ecostate, to 1.2 mm. long, wide; margins plane, denticulate above, entire below,
inflexed
on one side toward base; leaf cells narrowly linear, smooth or very minutely papillose at apical angles, shorter and pale yellow across insertion and slightly shorter in the extreme apex. Sporophyte
unknown.
(Fig. 175,
D-G.)
and waterfall, across bay from Puerto Barrios, alt. 20-50 m., Steyermark 39846 (as Plagiothecium ligulaefolium sp. nov.).
Dept. Izabal: Jungle between Escobas
Distinguished at once from G. cocoensis by the narrower, flat, ligulate leaves, less broadly rounded at apex and more weakly toothed with simple, not bifid, teeth.
46.
HYPNACEAE
Plants often glossy, growing in intricate mats; stems creeping, Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often pinnate or subpinnate. often falcate-secund costa lacking or short and usually acuminate, double; cells linear, prosenchymatous, smooth or faintly papillose
;
at apical angles, alar cells small, not inflated.
Seta elongate, smooth;
FIGURE 175
A-C, Glossadelphus
and margin, X270.
cocoensis: A, plant,
XI; B,
leaf,
X24; C, upper
leaf cells
D-G,
XI
10; G,
Glossadelphus ligulaefolius: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X24; F, apex of leaf cells and margin, X270. H-J, Stereodon fakatus: H, plant, Xl; I, leaf, X16; J, capsule, XlO.
leaf,
upper
398
25
capsules ovoid, asymmetrical, rarely erect and cylindrical; peristome

double, complete;
1.
lid
conic-apiculate; calyptra cucullate.

.9.
Leaves in 4 rows, lateral rows ovate, ventral rows lanceolate. Leaves in many rows, not differentiated
Capsules erect Capsules nodding or pendulous
Rhacopilopsis 2
3
2.
4
1. all
3.
Leaves falcate-secund, entire Leaves erect-spreading, serrulate

Leaf Leaf
cells cells
Stereodon
around
5.
Ctenidiadelphus
4.
4.
short and lax, oval or rhomboidal
Vesicularia 5
long and narrow

cell
5.
Leaves serrulate to base, often papillose on back by projecting Leaves serrulate only near apex, smooth on back
Alar Alar
cells
angles .... 6 8
6.
cells small,
numerous, lax and decurrent few, not decurrent

8.
6.
Ctenidium
7
7.
Leaves strongly plicate, alar cells not differentiated Leaves not or faintly striate, alar cells differentiated
Puiggariella
7.
Mittenothamnium
8.
2. Hypnum Capsules oblong or cylindrical Capsules short ovoid, contracted under the flaring mouth when dry 3. Ectropothecium
1.
STEREODON
emend.
Fleisch.,
Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 22. 1869, Nova Guinea 12 Bot. 2: 122. 1914.
Plants densely matted; stems pinnate. Leaves falcate-secund, Seta acuminate, entire; cells linear, alar cells small, rounded. elongate; capsules erect; peristome teeth smooth; spores relatively
large.
1.
STEREODON FALCATUS (Schimp.)

2: 122.
Fleisch.,
Nova Guinea
1871.
12 Bot.
1914.
Pylaisia falcata Schimp., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
103.
Autoicous; slender, glossy, golden brown plants in dense mats; stems prostrate, closely pinnate. Leaves falcate-secund, to 1.5 mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate, long
cells
and slenderly acuminate,
entire, ecostate;
narrowly
linear, incrassate, alar cells small,
rounded, incrassate,
colored, rather numerous. Seta slender, 1-2 cm. long; capsule erect, oblong-cylindric, urn 1.5 mm. long; peristome teeth pale brown not
transversely striolate, segments from a high basal membrane, as long as teeth; lid conical; spores 24-30 p.. (Fig. 175, H-J.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 62666 (as Hypnum amabile), 81128, 81795, Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8^028, 8^525a. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65245

(as Hypnum amabile). Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 618SO (as Dept. Solola: Steyermark 47580.
399
Hypnum amabile).
On
shaded rocks, banks and trees and

I
in alpine
meadows,
all
at
high altitudes.
and wonder how
find considerable variation in the size of the spores much practical value this character has as a specific
indicator in this group. The erect capsules in combination with the falcate-secund leaves marks this species very clearly in the local flora.
2.
HYPNUM
1801.
Plants slender to robust, usually glossy, in intricate mats; stems creeping or ascending, pinnate or subpinnate, paraphyllia often
Leaves falcate-secund; costa branches hooked at tips. or short and double; cells linear, usually well differentiated lacking Seta elongate; capsules oblong-cylindric, often at basal angles. curved, inclined or horizontal; lid conical; peristome complete.
present,
1.
Leaves plicate Leaves not plicate Leaves short acuminate, alar cells small, quadrate. Leaves long acuminate, alar cells lax, hyaline
1.
2 3
2.
H. polypterum 2. H. amabile
3.
3.
Robust plants, leaves 2.5-3 mm. long Slender plants, leaves 2 mm. or less long
Leaves broadly acuminate, sharply serrate above Leaves subulate-acuminate, serrulate above
4.
5.
H. mirabile
4
4.
H. aureo-nitens H. cupressiforme
1.
HYPNUM POLYPTERUM
11:454.
1925.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf. Ed. 2,
Ectropothecium polypterum Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 514.
1869.
Cupressina minutidens C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 216.
1897.
Dioicous; plants golden green, glossy; stems to 6 or 8 cm. long, Leaves about 2 mm. long, plicate, strongly falcate, lanceolate from a broad, subcordate, often auriculate base,
closely pinnate.
gradually short acuminate, minutely denticulate all around; costa extending about up leaf; cells very long and narrow, moderately
incrassate, alar cells oval, incrassate, in a small, convex group, usually well defined. Seta to 3 cm. long, reddish; capsule inclined,
oblong-cylindric, curved, urn 2.5-3

Dept. Quezaltenango
:
mm.
long.
(Fig. 176,
A-D.)
Standley 85702.
Panama, Jamaica, Guadeloupe.

altitudes.
On
trees
and logs at high
400
25
FIGURE 176
A-D, Hypnum polypterum: A,

leaf,
X16; D, branch
part of plant, XI; leaf of var. robustum, X16.

leaf,
B, stem
leaf,
leaf,
X16; C, branch
E-G, Hypnum
of
amabile: E, stem
X16; F, branch
X16; G, basal angle
stem
leaf,
XllO.
var.
ROBUSTUM
3 Bartr., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26
110.
1928.
More robust and more irregularly branched. acumen shorter and broader.
Dept.
Leaves broader,
Dept.
Huehuetenango
Steyermark
1+81^87,
48488a.
Totonicapan:
Standley 65870, 65882. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58722, 587^1, 58746, 5871t7, 60963, 61111a. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 58505, 80566. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32623a.
On
trees
var. robustum is
and banks at high more frequent
altitudes.
in
Curiously enough the Guatemala than the slenderer
typical form.
2.
HYPNUM AMABILE
454.
(Mitt.) Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf. Ed. 2, 11:
1925.
1869.
Ectropothecium amabile Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 513.
Hypnum
red, to 10
LeJolisii Besch., Prodr. Bryol.
Mex.
108.
1871.
Dioicous; plants pale yellowish green, glossy, in lax tufts; stems cm. or more long, closely and regularly pinnate. Stem leaves falcate-secund, 3-3.5 mm. long, gradually lanceolate from a
broad, subcordate base, long subulate acuminate, minutely and remotely denticulate; costa lacking or very short; cells linear, alar
cells
numerous, oblong, lax and hyaline, usually
in a well defined

and
inflated
401
group and often decurrent.
Branch leaves
lanceolate,
Seta long; capsule large, arcuate, sporophyte smaller, narrower. not seen. (Fig. 176, E-G.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 83084, 83091, 81125; Steyermark 50173b. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S5492a, 35504; Standley 85375. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62678, 62696b, 62734a, 84010, 84453, 84529, 84537. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 34821, 34854a; Standley 86181.
:
On trees, banks and rocks in alpine regions. Readily separated from H. polypterum by the slenderly acuminate leaves and the
hyaline, decurrent alar cells.
3.
HYPNUM MIRABILE
1947.
Robust plants in dense masses, lustrous golden green above, brown below. Stems to 7 cm. long, profusely branched, branches hooked at tips. Leaves crowded, moderately falcate-secund, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong-ovate from a cordate base, abruptly acuminate, concave, not plicate; margins erect, serrulate toward
apex; costa double, short;
sate,
cells narrowly linear, vermicular, incrasnumerous, rounded-quadrate, brownish, strongly Fruit unknown. incrassate, forming a large, conspicuous group. (Fig. 178, A-C.)
alar
cells
Endemic.
limestone boulder at high altitude. Distinct from H. polypterum in the non-plicate, longer acuminate leaves, toothed toward the apex and from H. amabile by the conspicuous convex group of
small, highly colored cells at the basal leaf angles.
On
4.
HYPNUM AUREO-NITENS
1946.
Dioicous; slender, glossy, golden brown plants in extensive, flat mats; stems to 3 cm. long, subpinnately branched. Leaves falcatesecund, 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, concave, broadly acuminate; margins recurved below, sharply serrate above; costa double, well defined, one fork often longer and extending nearly up leaf; upper cells long hexagonal, 8-10 /x wide, basal cells linear, subquadrate alar cells large, numerous, opaque, with yellowish, incrassate
walls.
Fruit unknown.
(Fig. 177,
A-D.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 85416. Dept. Totonicapan: Region of Salvachan, mountains above Totonicapan just before reaching Desconsuelo, alt. about 3,100
m., Standley 84490, 84511, TYPE.
402
25
FIGURE 177
A-D, Hypnum
D, basal angle
aureo-nitens: A, plant,
XI; B, XI; F,
leaf,
X24; C, apex
of leaf,
XllO; XllO;
of leaf,
XllO.
plant,
leaf,
E-H, Hypnum cupressiforme: E,

H, basal angle
of leaf,
X24; G, apex
of leaf,
XllO.
Endemic.
damp bank and wet meadow at high altitudes. evidently near H. reptile MX. but appears to be well defined by the lustrous, golden brown coloring, larger and less slenderly acuminate leaves and the much longer, narrower cells in
tree trunk,
is
On
This species
the leaf base.

less
The quadrate
in
alar cells are also larger
and rather
numerous than
H.
reptile.
5.
HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME Hedw.,
Sp. Muse. 291.
1801.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green, paler at tips, in thin mats; stems to 7 or 8 cm. long, irregularly pinnate. Leaves crowded, falcatesecund, to 2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, con-
not plicate, minutely serrulate toward apex; costa short; linear, alar cells numerous in a conspicuous group, larger and colored at the extreme basal angles, smaller and opaque above. Seta about 2 cm. long, red; capsule suberect, curved, oblongcave,
cells
narrowly
cylindric.
(Fig. 177,
:
E-H.)
Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 8^869, 31+870 (both as H. amdbile).
403
Alpine regions on Volcan Zunil. These are the first records for Central America of this widely distributed, variable species. Although sterile the collections are thoroughly typical, especially in
the characteristic group of alar
cells.
3.
ECTROPOTHECIUM
;
1869.
Plants in extensive, thin mats; stems creeping, pinnate.
Leaves
symmetrical, falcate-secund costa lacking or short and double; cells Seta elonlinear, not conspicuously differentiated at basal angles. gate, smooth; capsules horizontal or pendulous, short, ovoid, strongly constricted under mouth when dry; peristome double, complete.
Stems regularly pinnate, leaves narrow, subulate-acuminate
1.
E. apiculatum
2.
Stems
irregularly branched, leaves broader, short
acuminate
E. globitheca
1.
ECTROPOTHECIUM APICULATUM (Hornsch.)

Soc. 12: 512.
Mitt., Journ. Linn.
1869.
1
:
Hypnum
pinnate.
apiculatum Hornsch., Fl. Bras.
87.
1840.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green; stems to 4 cm. long, regularly
Stem
leaves 1-1.3
mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate, subulate-
FIGURE 178 A-C, Hypnum mirabile: A, leaf, X14; B, apex of leaf, X134; C, alar cells, X270. D, Hylocomium brevirostre: D, part of plant, Xl. E-H, Diphyscium foliosum: E, plant, Xl; F, stem leaf, XlO; G, perichaetial leaf, XlO; H, capsule, XlO.
404
25
acuminate, serrate above, serrulate below; costa extending about Yz up leaf; cells narrowly linear, scarcely differentiated at basal Branch leaves narrower. Seta 1.5-2 cm. long; capsule angles. subpendulous, urn 1 mm. long; lid convex, apiculate. (Fig. 179,
A-C.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 4.5514. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 39903. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 44,971. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31409. Dept.
Panama, West
Indies,
Co-
lombia, Brazil.
rocks and trees at low altitudes. The narrower, more sharply pointed leaves, coarsely toothed above, will assist in separating this species from the following, which is uncomfortably close.
On damp
2.
ECTROPOTHECIUM GLOBITHECA
12: 512.
(C.
1869.
M., Syn. 2: 300.
1851. 1897.
Hypnum
globitheca C.
?Cupressina acrostegia C.
Autoicous; plants similar to E. apiculatum but less regularly branched. Branch leaves more broadly ovate, shorter acuminate and less sharply toothed above. Capsules asymmetrical; lid short beaked from a convex base. (Fig. 179, D-G.)
29384-.
Distribution: Nicaragua,
West
Indies,
South America.
Cupressina acrostegia C. M. is almost a synonym of either this or the preceding species, but of surely which one is a question that cannot be answered until the type is
On
rocks at low altitudes.
4.
VESICULARIA (C.M.) C.M.,

1,
Flora 82: 467.
1896.
Omalia subsec.
Vesicularia C. M., Syn. 2: 233.
1851.
Plants dull green in extensive thin mats; stems mostly regularly Leaves pinnate, branches widely spreading, complanate-foliate. entire or weakly toothed, the lateral rows spreading or slightly
falcate; costa lacking or faint; cells lax, oval-rhomboidal, alar cells not differentiated. Sporophyte as in Ectropothecium.
Marginal Marginal
cells of
upper part of
leaf
much narrower than
the median
1.
cells
V. amphibola
cells
not appreciably narrower, similar to the median
cells 2.
V. vesicularis

1.
405
VESICULARIA AMPHIBOLA (Spruce) Broth., E.

1094.
&
P. Pflanzenf. I 3 :
1908.
1869.
Ectropothecium amphibolum Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 519.

?Vesicularia arcuatipes C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 211. ?Vesicularia thermalis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 212.
1897.
1897.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green; stems elongate, branches Leaves spreading, slightly contorted when dry, short, divergent.
ovate, acuminate, denticulate above, to 1.5 mm. long; costa lacking or short; cells oval-hexagonal, thin walled, about 15 M wide, 80-100 M Seta 1-1.5 cm. long; capsule short, long, marginal row narrower. ovoid, urn about 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 179,
H-J.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 45^88, ^61^0. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 89055; Standley 72^19. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark M278. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 688^5. Dept. Retalhuleu: Steyermark 8^538. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 6S557. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29389a. Dept. Santa Rosa: Standley 78567.
West
is
Indies, Central
and South America.

altitudes.
On wet
following.
rocks, banks, trees
and logs at low
This
is
not a clean-cut species and
often difficult
to distinguish from the
FIGURE 179
leaf,
A-C, Ectropothecium apiculatum: A, X16.
plant,
Xl; B, stem
leaf,
X16; C, branch
X16; F, branch
upper
leaf cells
D-G, Ectropothecium
leaf,
globitheca:
D, plant, Xl; E, stem

plant,
leaf,
X16; G, capsule, X8. H-J, Vesicularia amphibola: H, and margin, XllO.
Xl;
I,
leaf,
X16;
J,
406
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
25
2.
VESICULARIA VESICULARIS (Schwaegr.) Broth., E.

I
3
:
& P.
Pflanzenf.
1094.
1908.
1827. 1897.
Hypnum
vesicularis Schwaegr., Suppl. 2: 167.
?Vesicularia pseudo-rutilans C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 211.
Autoicous; plants similar to V. amphibola in habit and appearLeaves broadly ovate, subentire; cells shorter, to 40-50 M long, not narrower at margins. (Fig. 180, A-B.)
ance.
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 46139. Dept. Izabal: Steyermark 38820, 39755, 39780, 39998, ^1828. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark MSO^. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36891, 36892, 36903. Dept. Retalhuleu: Steyermark SJ^S^S; Standley 87197. Dept. Escuintla: Standley 6356^. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32910, 32922.
West
Indies,
South America.
On various damp substrata at low altitudes. As far as I can judge from the description V. pseudo-rutilans belongs here while V. arcuatipes and V. thermalis are tentatively included with V. amphibola.
var.
POEPPIGIANA (Hampe) Broth., E.

less falcate
& P. Pflanzenf.
pi. 4.
3
:
1094.
1908.
Hookeria Poeppigiana Hampe, Icon. Muse.
1844.
Leaves more or
branches.
and hooked at
tips of
stems and
Dept. Izabal: Steyermark J^1866b.
Dept. Escuintla: Standley 635^6.

Indies.
West
Like the typical form, a lowland plant of
damp
habitats.
5.
CTENIDIADELPHUS
Fleisch.,
1922.
Plants slender, growing in rather dense, feathery mats or tufts; Branch stems prostrate, branches ascending, complanate-foliate. serrulate all leaves spreading, subdistichous, lanceolate, acuminate, around; costa double, short; cells linear. Seta slender, smooth;
capsules erect, cylindric; lid conical; peristome double, teeth minutely papillose, segments from a low basal membrane.
1.
CTENIDIADELPHUS CYLINDRICARPUS (Card.)

124.
Bartr.,
Bryol. 49:
1946.
1910.
Isopterygium cylindricarpum Card., Rev. Bryol. 37: 56.
Autoicous; plants yellowish green, slightly glossy; stems to 2 cm. long, subpinnately branched, branches ascending, to 2.5 mm. wide.
407
Branch leaves widely spreading, complanate, slightly curved or homomallous when dry, to 1.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually long and slenderly acuminate, sharply serrulate all around; costa
lacking or short; cells linear, smooth, alar cells scarcely differentiated. Stem leaves smaller, not complanate. Perichaetial leaves small,
erect,
capsule pale, cylindrical, urn 2.5
mm.
mm. long, reddish below; long; lid conical, blunt, 0.25 long; peristome pale, segments as long as teeth from a basal
acuminate, serrulate; seta 10-15
mm.
membrane about 50
180, C-F.)
M high; spores smooth, diameter 8-10
M-
(Fig.
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81813. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81*53^. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 3^086, 34105, 3^121; Standley 86103. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 60966, 61923.

species has
This clearly marked The erect, narrowly cylindrical capsules and the leaves serrulate to the base suggest Ctenidiadelphus more nearly than anything else.
trees, logs
On
and rocks at high
altitudes.
little in
common
with Isopterygium.
6.
CTENIDIUM
Schimp., Syn. Ed.
1,
631.
1860.
Stem leaves
Slender plants in dense, feathery mats; stems creeping, pinnate. larger and well differentiated from branch leaves, ovate-
lanceolate, decurrent, falcate-secund, toothed all around; costa lacking or short; cells linear, often papillose at apical angles, alar cells numerous, differentiated. Seta elongate; capsules nodding,
asymmetrical; when young.
lid conical;
peristome complete; calyptra often pilose
1.
CTENIDIUM MALACODES
1869.
pinnate.
finely
Dioicous; plants yellowish green, glossy; stems to 6 cm. long, Stem leaves faintly plicate, 1.5-2 mm. long, long and
acuminate from a broad, cordate-triangular base, decurrent, all around; costa faint or lacking; cells linear, papillose at apical angles on back, more lax across insertion, irreguBranch leaves smaller, larly oblong and hyaline in basal auricles. lanceolate, serrate. Seta to 2 cm. long; capsule ovoid, curved, urn
sharply serrulate
to 2
mm.
long;
lid
conic-rostrate, 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 180,
G-J.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91407a, 91408a. Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 50030; Standley 65891. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66301 a, 68501, 68599, 853 99a, 85^32, 86201, 86325, 86365, 86^21, 86^99; Steyermark 35858,
408
25
FIGURE 180
leaf, X16; B, upper leaf cells and margin, X110. C-F, Ctenidiadelphus cylindricarpus: C, plant, Xl; D, leaf, X16; E, apex of leaf, XllO; F, capsule, X8. G-J, Ctenidium malacodes: G, plant, Xl; H, stem leaf, X16; I, branch leaf, X16; J, capsule, XlO.
A-B, Vesicularia
vesicularis:
A,
36768.
84959, 85070a, 85139.
Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84472. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley Dept. Solola: Steyermark 46954. Dept. Chimaltenango:
:
Standley 58776, 58794, 60958a, 60961, 61114, 61836, 61926.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Haiti.
On
Very
tree trunks, banks, logs, etc., at medium to high altitudes. similar to Mittenothamnium elegantulum (Hook.) Card, but
usually quite distinct in the falcate-secund leaves. C. malacodes is a variable species and may prove to be very close to if not identical
with C. molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. branch leaves widely spreading

attenuata.
The
is
slender, lax
apparently
form with the Mitten's forma
7.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM
Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 225.

Soc. 12: 503.
1902.
Microthamnium Mitt., Journ. Linn.
1869.
Slender plants in extensive mats; stems regularly pinnate and prostrate or more often ascending or arched and dendroid from a Stem and branch leaves stipe-like base, often radiculose at tips. stem leaves squarrose-spreading from a subcordate differentiated; base; costa double; cells linear, often papillose on back at apical

angles.
409
Branch leaves smaller, shorter pointed, more strongly

Seta elongate; capsules subpendulous;
lid
toothed.
short,
conic-
rostrate; peristome complete.
Variable plants widely distributed in tropical America but difficult to identify specifically as no satisfactory method of classification has so far been developed. After studying this group for a year or
more
task.
1.
believe Fleischer acknowledged that it have no reason to disagree with him.
was a time-consuming
Stems prostrate, subpinnately branched, branches short and blunt

1.
M. diminutivum
stipe-like base,
Stems arched, often rooting at tips, wiry, branching above the branches slender and attenuate
2.
Stem leaves ovate Stem leaves lanceolate from a broad, cordate
6.
pendulinum
3
or triangular base
4.
3.
Stem leaves narrowly triangular-lanceolate Stem leaves lanceolate from a broader cordate base
M. Lehmannii
4
4.
Stem
leaves gradually narrowed from a broad, scarcely cordate base, robust 5. M. Langsdorffii plants Stem leaves abruptly narrowed from a broad, cordate base, more slender 5 plants
plants, plants,
5.
Very slender
More robust
stem leaves stem leaves
less
than
mm.
long. .3.
M.
minusculifolium
2.
1.5
mm.
long
M.
reptans
1.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM DIMINUTIVUM (Hampe)

17: 8.
E. G. Britt., Bryol.
1914.
1847.
Hypnum
diminutivum Hampe, Linnaea 20: 86.
Autoicous; plants slender, yellowish green, in rather dense mats; stems to 2 cm. long, prostrate, pinnate. Stem leaves slightly complanate, to 0.8 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, concave, serrulate all to }/% up leaf; cells linear-oblong, around; costa often ending prominently papillose on back at apical angles, shorter across in-
sertion, alar cells scarcely differentiated.
Branch leaves smaller.
Seta about 10
1
mm.
long, capsule cernuous, asymmetrical, urn to
mm.
long;
lid conical,
apiculate.
(Fig. 181,
A-D.)
Dept. Peten: Steyermark 538^. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68908. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58813, 5883^, 59013, 6^988, 66872, 88962. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 80320.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Costa Rica,
West
Indies,
South
America.
On logs, banks and common species which is
tree trunks mostly at low altitudes.
usually readily recognized by the prominent dorsal papillae of the leaf blade.
410
25
leaf, X16; C, X16; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X338. E-G, Mittenothamnium reptans: E, plant, Xl; F, stipe leaf, X16; G, branch leaf, X16. H-I, Mittenothamnium minusculifolium: H, stipe leaf, X16; I, branch leaf, X16. J-K, Mittenothamnium Lehmanii: J, stipe leaf, X16; K, branch leaf, X16.
FIGURE 181 A-D, Mittenothamnium diminutivum: A, plant, XI; B, stem

leaf,
branch
2.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM REPTANS (Hedw.)

1913.
Hypnum
reptans Hedw., Sp. Muse. 265.
1801.
Plants yellow or yellowish green; stems wiry, arched, radiculose at tips, freely branched above from a simple, stipe-like base. Stipe leaves distant, acuminate from a broadly reniform, cordate base,
slightly decurrent, to 1.5
larger,
mm.
long; costa short, faint; cells linear,
oblong and slightly incrassate at basal angles. Branch leaves complanate, ovate-lanceolate, more strongly serrulate. Seta slender, red, 1.5-2 cm. long; capsule ovoid, urn to 1.5 mm. long; lid conic-
rostrate, 1
mm.
long.
(Fig. 181,
E-G.)
Dept. Izabal: Standley 73018.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 70061, 70371,
70389, 701*16, 70539, 71207, 71209, 71221, 71632, 71699, 71707, 90587, 90696, 91622, 91886a; Steyermark 1*1*765. Dept. Quiche: Standley 621*06. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68550, 68571 a, 6861*8, 8620k, 86223. Dept. Totonicapan:
Standley 81*020.
Dept. Quezaltenango
Standley 65367, 65378, 66295, 67269,
671*37, 671*97, 67511*, 68253, 83291, 83302, 8335]*, 86003;
Steyermark 331*02, 31*700. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58120, 63722. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7590. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 57813 (as M. volvatum), 57815, 57819, 57821, ?, 61817, 61936. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 80622, 8061*5. Dept. Baja

!
411
Verapaz: Standley 69718. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 29942, 29944. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark S0821. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32482a, S2486a.
West
Indies, Central
and South America.
On
tree trunks, logs, banks, etc., at

species
A
to
common,
variable,
its
widely
distributed
often
difficult
separate from
congeners.
3.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM MINUSCULIFOLIUM
40:21.
1913.
(C.
M.) Card., Rev. Bryol.

1897.
Microthamnium minusculifolium C. M.,
Autoicous; plants similar to M. reptans but more slender, often with numerous filiform microphyllous branchlets. Stipe leaves smaller, less than 1 mm. long, distinctly auriculate but without
differentiated alar cells.
serrulate, cells papillose at apical angles
Branch leaves narrowly lanceolate, sharply on back. Sporophyte as in

Dept. Alta Verapaz: Steyermark 4M45, Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark 33442,
:
M.
reptans.
(Fig. 181, H-I.)

44775, 44985; Standley 90607, 90645. 33841, 33842, SS84S, 33850.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Jamaica.
On trees, logs, banks, etc., at low to medium altitudes. Apparently distinct from M. reptans in the slenderer habit and smaller, auriculate stipe leaves.
4.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM LEHMANNII
21.
(Besch.) Card., Rev. Bryol. 40:
1913.
Microthamnium Lehmannii Besch.,
1894.
Autoicous; plants resembling M. reptans but averaging larger. Stipe leaves 1-1.3 mm. long, triangular-lanceolate; cells linear, shorter and incrassate across insertion, not differentiated at basal Branch leaves smaller, lanceolate, sharply serrulate. Seta angles. to 2 cm. long; capsule short, oblong, urn 1-1.2 mm. long. (Fig. 181,
J-K.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 69SS2, 69367, 71207b, 71231, 71594, 90685. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 48789. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35867. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 84030. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 65306, 85070, 85172, 86010, 86037; Steyermark S49S8a, 34939. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 88937. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 60052, 61827, 80167. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42793. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark S0820a. Dept. Jalapa: Steyer: :
mark 32530.
412
25
FIGURE 182
A-B, Mittenothamnium Langsdorffii: A, stipe leaf, X16; B, branch leaf, X16. C-D, Mittenothamnium pendulinum: C, stipe leaf, X16; D, branch leaf, X16. E-H, Puiggariella aurifolia: E, plant, Xl; F, stem leaf, X16; G, branch leaf, X16; H, upper leaf cells and margin, X338.
On
5.
trees
and damp banks at medium to high
altitudes.
MITTENOTHAMNIUM LANGSDORFFII (Hook.)

40:21.
1913.
Card., Rev. Bryol.
Hypnum
Langsdorffii Hook.,
Kunth PL Aequin.
62.
1822-28.
Autoicous; plants rather robust, yellowish tinged with brown. Stipe leaves 2-2.5 mm. long, gradually acuminate from a broad, often auriculate base, faintly plicate; costa short or lacking; cells linear, shorter and colored across insertion, alar cells lax, oblong,
rather numerous.
Branch leaves lanceolate, slenderly acuminate,

Seta long; capsule ovoid, subpendulous.
(Fig. 182,
weakly toothed.
A-B.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35756. Dept. Quezaltenango Steyermark Dept. 34762; Standley 83675. Dept. Sacatepequez Standley 65197, 65277. Chimaltenango: Standley 58763, 60968, 61084, 61109, 80171a.
: :
On
trees, logs
between this to my mind.
and banks at high altitudes. The distinctions species and M. Lehmannii are not clear or convincing

6.
413
MITTENOTHAMNIUM PENDULINUM (Hampe)

40:21.
1913.
Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 109.
Card., Rev. Bryol.
Hypnum pendulinum Hampe,
1871.
Autoicous; plants with the habit of the preceding species but having the stipe and stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, lightly plicate;
costa short; cells linear, shorter
cells
and colored across

C-D.)
insertion, alar
oblong, few and inconspicuous.

(Fig. 182,
Seta 2-3 cm. long; capsule
cernuous, oblong-cylindric.
86207.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91^02, 92150. Dept. San Marcos: Standley Dept. Quezaltenango Standley Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 8^003.
:
85688, 85930.
On
trees
and banks at medium to high
altitudes.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
MICROTHAMNIUM MICRURUM
C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 215. C. M., Ibid. 215.
1897. 1897. 1897. 1897.
MlCROTHAMNIUM TURCKHEIMI
MICROTHAMNIUM MEGAPELMATUM
C. M., Ibid. 215. C. M., Ibid. 216.
MICROTHAMNIUM SUBPERSPICUUM
8.
PUIGGARIELLA
Broth., E.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1046.
1908.
Dioicous; plants moderately robust, golden green, glossy, in lax mats. Stems elongate, creeping or arched, freely branched. Stem
leaves widely spreading, strongly plicate, acuminate from a broad, cordate base; costa lacking or short; cells linear, papillose on back at apical angles. Branch leaves narrower, erect-spreading, often
slightly secund.
beaked; calyptra
pilose.
Seta to 2 cm. long; capsules nodding; Sporophyte not seen.
lid
long
1.
PUIGGARIELLA AURIFOLIA (Mitt.) Broth., E.

1047.
&
P. Pflanzenf.
3
:
1908.
1869.
Ctenidium aurifolium Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 509.
Stems flexuous, to 6 cm. long, branches curved or suberect. Stem leaves 1.5-2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, rather quickly narrowed
to a slender
denticulate
all
acuminate point from a broad, cordate base, minutely around cells linear, sharply papillose at apical angles
;
414
25
on back, shorter and incrassate across insertion, not or scarcely differentiated at basal angles. Branch leaves narrower, lanceolate,
shorter acuminate,
more sharply
serrulate.
(Fig. 182,
E-H.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 91604; Steyermark
MM9.
Distribution: Tropical Brazil.
On ground and logs at rather low altitudes. I can find no excuse for separating these collections from P. aurifolia with which they The specimens are especially agree in all essential particulars.
noteworthy as representing the America.
first
record of the genus in North
9.
RHACOPILOPSIS
Ren.
&
Card., Rev. Bryol. 27:47.
1900.
Dioicous; slender plants growing in thin mats.

irregularly pinnate, complanate-foliate.
Stems prostrate, Leaves in 4 rows; dorsal
larger, ovate; ventral rows much smaller, narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate; costa faint or lacking; cells narrow, differentiated at basal angles. Seta elongate, smooth capsules small, subpendulous
rows
lid
convex.
1.
RHACOPILOPSIS TRINITENSIS
Bot. 60: 88.
1922.
(C.
M.) E. G.
1851.
Britt.
&
Dix., Journ.
Hypnum
Trinitense C. M., Syn. 2: 284.
Dioicous; plants yellowish green, glossy; stems radiculose, freely branched, to 3 cm. or more long, about 1.5 mm. wide, branches often slenderly attenuate. Leaves dimorphous; dorsal rows widely spreading, asymmetrical, 1 mm. long, ovate, acuminate; margin slightly recurved on one side at extreme base, serrulate above; costa lacking or very short; cells relatively short, linear, alar cells few Ventral leaves much smaller, slightly inflated, hyaline or colored.
appressed, about 0.4-0.6
mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, slenderly Seta 10-20 mm. long; capsule nodding, urn about 1 mm. long, oblong, contracted to a short neck; lid 0.5 mm. long; peristome teeth brownish, segments from a high basal membrane; spores small, diameter 7-8 M (Fig. 183, A-D.)
acuminate.
-
Panama, Trinidad,
British
and French
Guiana, Angola, Congo, Madagascar. On bark of tree near sea level. Suggestive of Isopterygium to the naked eye but sharply distinct under the microscope in the
415
dimorphous leaves. The plants vary somewhat in habit and branching as well as in the shape of the leaves but these modifications seem to be of slight importance.
47.
HYLOCOMIACEAE
Plants robust; stems often regularly pinnate or bipinnate, usually with abundant paraphyllia. Leaves imbricated or spreading; costa
single or double; cells linear, little differentiated at basal angles.
Seta elongate, smooth; capsules large, cernuous, urn short; peristome complete.
1
.
Costa single Costa double
1.
Rhytidium
2
2.
Stems twice pinnate, stem leaves acuminate Stems irregularly branched, stem leaves abruptly apiculate.
.2.
Hylocomium Leptohymenium
3.
1.
RHYTIDIUM
(Sull.)
Kindb., Laubm. Schwed. u.

15.
Norw.
1883.
Hypnum
paraphyllia,
subg. Rhytidium Sull., Muse.
&
Hep. U.
S. 75.
1856.
Dioicous; plants robust, golden brown, glossy. Stems without irregularly branched, attenuate or hooked at tips.
FIGURE 183
A-D,
leaf,
Rhacopilopsis trinitensis:
A, plant, Xl; B, part of stem, XlO; C, lateral
X20; D, ventral leaf, X20. E-G, Rhytidium rugosum: E, and margin, X338.
plant,
Xl; F, stem
leaf,
X16; G, upper
leaf cells
416
25
single,
Leaves crowded, often falcate-secimd, acuminate, rugose; costa ending near mid-leaf. Seta elongate; capsule cernuous.
1.
RHYTIDIUM RUGOSUM (Hedw.) Kindb., Laubm. Schwed.

15.
u.
Norw.
1883.
Sp. Muse. 293.
1801.
Hypnum rugosum Hedw.,
Plants laxly tufted; stems to 8 or 10 cm. long, suberect. Stem leaves closely imbricated, secund, to 4-5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
slenderly acuminate, plicate, strongly rugose; margins narrowly recurved, denticulate above; cells linear, vermicular, strongly papillose at apical angles on back, rounded-quadrate and incrassate in
numerous rows at basal angles. Branch leaves smaller, more erect and less rugose. Seta to 5 cm. long; capsule asymmetrical; sporophyte rare. (Fig. 183, E-G.)
Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 81 17It, 83086a, 83088b.
Distribution: Canada, northern United States, Arizona,
New
Mexico, Mexico, Europe, Asia, Japan.
On ground in alpine regions. These collections represent the southernmost limit of distribution in North America for this handsome and conspicuous
plant.
2.
LEPTOHYMENIUM
Schwaegr., Suppl.
3, 1, 2:
t.
246.
1828.
Dioicous; moderately robust plants in extensive mats; stems elongate, without paraphyllia, prostrate, irregularly pinnate. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate, plicate, denticulate above; costa short,
double; cells narrowly linear, little differentiated at basal angles. Seta elongate; capsules large, erect, ovoid; sporophyte not seen.
1.
LEPTOHYMENIUM EHRENBERGIANUM
Hypnum
Ehrenbergianum C. M., Bot.
(C.
M.)
Fleisch., in sched.
Zeit. 14: 408.
1856.
111.
Hylocomium Ehrenbergianum Besch., Prodr. Bryol. Mex.
1871.
Plants yellowish green, slightly glossy; stems prostrate, irregularly pinnate, to 10 cm. long, cuspidate at tips. Stem leaves imbricated or laxly erect-spreading, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, broadly ovate, abruptly apiculate, concave, distinctly plicate; margins erect or
slightly recurved, serrulate above; costa faint; cells long
smooth, scarcely differentiated at basal angles. but smaller. (Fig. 184.)
and narrow, Branch leaves similar
417
Dept. San Marcos: Slandley 6852k, 68529, 861*1*5, 861*66. Dept. QuezaltenDept. Solola: Steyermark 1*71*61*, 1*7592. Dept. ango: Slandley 8501*3, 85067. Guatemala: Standley 581*62, 80721*.
trees and wet banks at high altitudes. These collections from the Mexican plants in several particulars. The plants are more robust, the branching laxer and the leaves not decurrent,
differ
On
with the alar

tions are well
cells scarcely
enlarged or differentiated.
sterile.
The
distinc-
marked and may indicate a separate
species.
Un-
fortunately the plants are consistently
species in Leptohymenium, probably on but Mitten's judgment in including it in Pleurozium seems more to the point. It is an interesting problem that deserves closer study.
Fleischer places the account of the erect capsules,
3.
HYLOCOMIUM
1852.
Plants robust, rigid, in lax patches or masses. Stems elongate, Leaves paraphyllia abundant, branching pinnate or bipinnate. acuminate from a cordate base; costa double; cells linear, colored
across insertion.
Seta elongate; capsules cernuous, ovoid; peristome

narrow frond 1. H. giganteum 2. H. brevirostre
complete.
Stems to 40 cm. Stems to 10 cm.
long, regularly bipinnate, forming a long,
long, irregularly bipinnate
FIGURE 184
Leptohymenium Ehrenbergianum: A, part of plant, Xl; B, stem leaf, X12; C, branch leaf, X12; D, apex of stem leaf, X54; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X338.
418
25
FIGURE 185
Hylocomium giganteum: A, upper part of plant, Xl; B, stem leaf, X12; C, branch leaf, X12; D, apex of branch leaf, X68; E, upper leaf cells and margin,
X338.
1.
HYLOCOMIUM GIGANTEUM
1946.
rigid, often
Large, yellowish green, glossy plants. Stems 30-40 cm. long, red, simple below, sparsely clothed with slender, branched
paraphyllia, bipinnately branched above forming a narrow, elongated frond about 4 cm. wide, branches widely spreading or deflexed, curved and flexuous, 1.5-2 cm. long, attenuate at tips. Stem leaves
3-4 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, squarrosespreading from a broadly cordate, strongly clasping base, abruptly narrowed to a slender, channelled acumen; margins plane and entire
scariose, well spaced,
below, minutely denticulate above, folded inwards at base of acumen; costa short, double; cells narrowly linear, with blunt, rounded ends,
laxer, porose
and deep brown across
insertion.
Branch leaves
erect-
spreading, narrower than the stem leaves and more gradually acuminate, serrulate above; costa longer, often extending to or beyond mid-leaf. Leaves of the ultimate branches ovate-lanceolate, coarsely
and sharply serrate above.
Sporophyte unknown.
(Fig. 185.)
Dept. Totonicapan: Region of Desconsuelo, alt. 3,000-3,240 m., Standley 62714. Dept. Chimaltenango: Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt. 2,4002,700 m., Standley 609^7, TYPE.
Endemic.
On
trees.
tropical
American
This magnificent moss is a striking addition to the flora. It has some very natural affinities with
419
H. brevirostre (Ehrh.) Bry. Eur. but the distinctions are quite definite and impressive. In habit, the long stems bipinnately branched above to form a long, narrow frond, it is entirely distinct from any form of H. brevirostre I have ever seen. Again the broadly cordate, strongly No fruiting clasping stem leaves are characteristically different. characters are available but it seems highly probable that the Guatemalan plants represent a valid and distinct species.
2.
HYLOCOMIUM BREVIROSTRE
1852.
(P.
Beauv.) Bry. Eur.,

1805.
fasc.
49/51.
Hypnum
long,
brevirostre P.
Beauv., Prod. 61.
Robust, glossy plants in dense, deep

ascending,
irregularly
tufts.
bipinnate,
clothed
Stems to 8 or 10 cm. with abundant
branched paraphyllia, branches widely spreading. Stem leaves ovate from a cordate, clasping base, plicate, squarrose, broadly abruptly narrowed to a ligulate, acuminate point, to 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; margins plane, minutely serrulate all around; costa double, short; cells linear, deep brown across insertion and at basal Leaves of ultimate branches angles, alar cells not differentiated.
much
smaller, erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, concave, more strongly serrate. Seta slender, red, to 3 cm. long; capsules horizontal or pendulous, ovoid-cylindrical, slightly asymmetrical; lid 1 mm.
(Fig. 178, D.)
:
long, conical, blunt.
Dept. Huehuetenango Sharp 5007, 5011.
Dept. Totonicapan: Sharp 2622.
Distribution:
Nova
Scotia to Ontario south to Georgia and
Missouri.
On moist slopes and soil in conifer forest at high altitudes. These unusual collections cast some doubt upon the value of H. giganteum but comparisons seem to bear out fully the distinctions credited to H. giganteum is undoubtedly a derivative of the newer species.
H.
I
brevirostre
yet the difference in
size, habit, etc., is
so striking that
cannot believe they are conspecific.
48.
DIPHYSCIACEAE
Small, gregarious plants. Stems very short. Leaves lingulate, obtusely rounded; costa single; leaf cells small, in two layers. Perichaetial leaves large, aristate, pointed; capsules large, immersed on
a very short seta, conical, asymmetrical; peristome double, teeth rudimentary, endostome a pale membrane with 16 longitudinal
plaits.
420

1.
25
DIPHYSCIUM
Mohr, Obs. Bot.
34.
1803.
1.
DIPHYSCIUM FOLIOSUM (Hedw.) Mohr, Obs. Bot.

Buxbaumia foliosa Hedw.,
Sp.
34.
1803.
Muse. 166.
1801.
over all, brown, darker below. Dioicous; plants contorted when dry, narrowly Leaves crowded, to lingulate from a pale base, broadly rounded at apex, entire; costa ending below apex; upper cells minute, in two layers, very obscure,
strongly papillose, basal cells rectangular, incrassate, colorless. Perichaetial leaves forming a conspicuous, pale, penicillate tuft, leaves membranous, gradually narrowed to a long, slender, aristate point formed by the excurrent costa, lamina retuse and fimbriate
at apex; capsule nearly sessile, immersed, ovoid-conical, gibbous, narrowed to a small mouth, urn about 3 mm. long, pale; lid conical,
1.5
to 8 mm. high 2.5 mm. long,
mm.
long.
(Fig. 178,
E-H.)
:
Distribution: Eastern United States south to
Alabama, Mexico.
On banks
where
it
It is instructive to follow the
distribution of this species southward through
Mexico to Guatemala
its
evidently reaches the extreme southern limit of
range.
49.
POLYTRICHACEAE
Medium sized to very large terrestrial plants with rigid, erect, simple or sparingly branched stems. Leaves narrow, rigid, from a sheathing base, with parallel longitudinal lamellae on the ventral face. Seta elongate; capsules erect or inclined, cylindrical or angled;
peristome single, teeth 32 or 64, solid, not barred; columella bearing a shield-like membrane at top covering the mouth of the capsule;
calyptra usually pilose.
1.
Calyptra naked or sparsely
pilose, leaves
bordered with elongated
cells
1.
Atrichum
2
Calyptra densely felted with hairs, leaves not bordered

2.
Capsules terete Capsules sharply four angled
2.
Pogonatum
Polytrichum
3.
1.
ATRICHUM
sized,

loose tufts.
1805.
Plants elongated
medium
cells,
in
Leaves bordered with
clasping but not sheathing at base; marginal teeth
421
single or in pairs; costa narrow, with few lamellae on ventral face. Setae single or clustered; capsules cylindrical, often curved; calyptra
cucullate,
smooth or
cells high, cells high,
slightly pilose at tip.

covering $ of lamina at mid-leaf
1.
Lamellae 7-9
Lamellae 2-4
covering
fc
or less of lamina
2.
A. angustatum A. Oerstedianum
1.
(Brid.) Bry. Eur., var. (Schimp.) Bartr., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26: 15. Atrichum Mullen Schp., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 62. 1871.
ATRICHUM ANGUSTATUM
MULLERI
1936.
Leaves more strongly contorted than in the typical form of the species, strongly undulate and sharply spinose on margins and back of lamina; lamellae 7-9 cells high, covering about of lamina at
mid-leaf.
(Fig. 186,
A-C.)
Dept. San Marcos: Standley 68909.
Distribution: Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica.
On
2.
shaded
damp banks
at
medium
(C.
altitudes.
ATRICHUM OERSTEDIANUM
605.

1851.
1869.
Catharinaea Oerstediana C. M., Syn. 2: 558.
?Catharinaea runcinata C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 176.
1897.
FIGURE 186
A-C, Atrichum angustatum var. Mullen: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, XlO; C, cross section of leaf, X24. D-G, Atrichum Oerstedianum: D, plant, Xl; E, leaf, X6; F, upper leaf cells and margin, X270; G, cross section of leaf, X24.
422
25
Dioicous; stems to 6 cm. high, felted with pale tomentum below. Leaves strongly contorted and crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist, narrowly lanceolate, acute, about 10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, from a slightly wider base, transversely rugose, doubly serrate nearly to base; costa ending near apex, spinose on back near tip, with 2-4 low, inconspicuous lamellae on ventral face, 2-4 cells high; lamina cells rounded, incrassate, 15-25 /* in diameter, basal cells larger, oblong, more pellucid. Seta single, 2-3 cm. long, red; capsule narrowly cylindric, curved, urn 5-6 mm. long; calyptra unknown.
(Fig. 186,
D-G.)
:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 9069 It, 90786. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 65799, 821*19, 821*38, 821*92. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66215. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81*097. Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 33623; Standley 67825, 67828a, 68362. Dept. Suchitepequez Steyermark 1*6752. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 61*361a, 61*1*72. Dept. Guatemala: Standley 581*76, 8061*1, 8061*9. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 30013. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 321*86.
:
shaded banks and logs at moderately high altitudes. Muller described the leaves of C. runcinata as scarcely lamellose and the costa as excurrent, but these were no doubt errors of observation.
On
2.
POGONATUM
1805.
Gregarious dull green plants, relatively small to very robust. rigid, leafy above, woody and clothed with scale-like leaves below. Leaves usually contorted when dry, lanceolate from a sheath-
Stems
ing base, serrate, rarely entire above; costa dilated upward, usually with numerous longitudinal lamellae on the ventral face, often
toothed on back above; basal cells elongate, hyaline. Seta long, smooth; capsules cylindrical, erect or inclined; peristome teeth 32; calyptra densely felted with long, deflexed hairs.
1.
Leaf margins entire Leaf margins serrate
3.
P. Carionis
2 3 5
2.
Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal
cells of
cells of cells of cells of
lamellae undivided lamellae two-parted lamellae papillose lamellae smooth

leaves short, acute, contorted leaves long acuminate, rigid.
6.
3.
P. alpiniforme 4
.
4.
Lamellae 3-4 Lamellae 5-7
cells high, cells high,
when dry. .1. P. tortile .2. P. Liebmannianum

.
5.
Robust plants, stems to 30 cm. or more high, lamellae 2-4

Small plants, stems to 3-4 cm. high, lamellae 5-7
cells
cells high.
high P. robustum .4. P. leptopelma

5.

1.
423
POGONATUM TORTILE

rigid.
1805.
Stems to 10 cm. high, simple,
Leaves appressed, contorted
dry, 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate from a short, ovate base, acute, serrate about half way down; lamellae numerous, covering nearly
when
blade, in cross section showing the terminal cell rounded, slightly larger than the cells below; costa ending just below apex, toothed on back above; basal cells short rectangular, pellucid, smaller toward
all of
margins. Seta red, 2-2.5 cm. long; capsule nodding, oblong, urn 3 mm. long, faintly striate. (Fig. 187, A-D.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark S74%4. Dept. Huehuetenango Steyermark 48976.
:
Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 85148.

:
On damp banks
sive
at
West Indies, Central and South America. medium to rather high altitudes. Widely
distributed in tropical
North America and probably with an extenwhen dry, and the synonymy. lower lamellae separate it from P. Liebmannianum.
The
shorter leaves, contorted
2.
POGONATUM LIEBMANNIANUM
Mex.
65.
(C.
M.) Besch., Prodr. Bryol.

:
1871.
Polytrichum (Pogonatum) Liebmannianum Schimp., in C. M., Syn. 2 563. 1851.
H
FIGURE 187
leaf, XlO; C, lamella in cross section, X270; D, lamella, side view, X270. E-H, Pogonatum Liebmannianum: E, part of plant, Xl; F, leaf, X6; G, lamella in cross section, X270; H, lamella, side view, X270.
tortile:
A-D, Pogonatum
A, plant, Xl; B,
424
25
Stems 3-10 cm. high, simple or forked above, densely pale tomenLeaves rigidly erect-spreading when dry, to 10-12 mm. long, lanceolate from an ovate base about 3 mm. long, acuminate,
tose at base.
covering nearly
sharply spinose-serrate nearly to shoulders; lamellae numerous, all of blade, 5-7 cells high, the terminal cells in cross
section rounded
and similar to the
cells
below; costa ending near
apex, toothed on back above; basal cells linear, thin walled, hyaline. Seta solitary, 1.5-2 cm. long; capsules nodding, urn cylindrical,
smooth, 6-7
mm.
long.
(Fig. 187,
E-H.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 691*80, 71531, 71725. Dept. Huehuetenango: Standley 65858, 65890, 81*336, 85259, 85265. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 65192. Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*6961. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58702.
On damp banks
3.
at
medium
to high altitudes.
POGONATUM CARIONIS
(C.
M.)

1897.
1897.
Polytrichum Carionis C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 177.
Plants reddish brown; stems to 3 cm. high, simple, upper leaves often crowded in a dense, claviform tuft. Leaves erect, appressed, rigid, 5-6 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate from an oblong or obovate
base about 2
section
mm.
long, acuminate;
covering nearly
all of
margins inflexed, entire; lamellae blade, 5-6 cells high, the terminal cell in cross
much larger than the cells below, smooth, transversely oblong, with thick, yellowish walls; costa excurrent in a short, reddish arista;
basal cells rectangular, lax
and yellowish.
Perichaetial leaves 7
mm.
long, subulate-acuminate, entire; seta solitary, red, 3 capsule nodding, narrowly cylindric, urn 5 mm. long.
cm. long;
(Fig. 188,
A-D.)
31*250.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 351*82a. Dept. Quezaltenango Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58802c.
Steyermark
Endemic.
from
medium to high altitudes. Very distinct the other local species in the entire leaves and the strongly differentiated end cell of the lamellae.
moist ground at
all
On
4.
POGONATUM LEPTOPELMA
(C.
M.)

1897.
1897.
Polytrichum leptopelma C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 178.
Plants reddish brown; stems 3-4 cm. high, simple, upper leaves
often crowded in a claviform tuft.
Leaves rigidly erect-spreading
425
when dry, 6-8 mm. long, lanceolate from an ovate base about 2 mm. long, acute, spinose at apex, serrate more than half way down; lamellae covering nearly all of blade, 5-7 cells high, the terminal
cross section divided into 2 forks; costa ending below apex, spinose on back at tip; basal cells narrowly rectangular, hyaline or yellowish. Seta about 1.5 cm. long, red, flexuous; capsule suberect, cylindrical, urn 3-3.5 mm. long, constricted below mouth. (Fig. 188,
cell in
E-H.)
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 82J^92a. S5657a; Standley 851*21. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62700 (as P. Bernoullii), 62706 (as P. Bernoullii), 8^3 It, 8^67. Dept. Quezaltenango Standley 861 25a. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 58803. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42861. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30976. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32623, 32629.
: :
Endemic.
On damp banks and
rocks at
medium
to high altitudes.
This
appears to be a small edition of P. robustum without distinctive characters.
any sharply
5.
POGONATUM ROBUSTUM

1871.
1869.
Pogonatum robustum Schimp., Prodr. Bryol. Mex. 66.

?Polytrichum Bernoullii C. M., Ibid. 178.
1897.
?Polytrichum volvatum C. M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 177.
1897.
FIGURE 188
Carionis: A, plant, Xl; B, leaf, section, X270; D, lamella, side view, X270.
A-D, Pogonatum
E-H, Pogonatum
XlO; C, lamella XlO; G, lamella
in cross in cross
leptopelma: E, plant,
XI;
F, leaf,
section,
X270; H, lamella, side view, X270.
426
25
FIGURE 189
Pogonatum robustum: A, upper part of plant, XI; B, leaf, X6; C, lamella in cross section, X270; D, lamella, side view, X270; E, apex of leaf, X270; F, capsule, X4.
Plants robust, brownish green. Stems to 25 or 30 cm. high but often shorter. Leaves crowded, to 15 mm. long, often flexuous-
spreading when dry, linear-lanceolate from a short ovate base about 2 mm. long, acute, spinose-serrate nearly to shoulders; lamellae covering nearly all of blade, 2-4 cells high, the terminal cells in cross section divided into 2 forks; costa ending near apex, toothed on back above; basal cells narrowly rectangular, pellucid. Seta red, 1.5-3 cm.
long,
flexuous; capsule suberect,
urn cylindrical, 4-5
mm.
long.
(Fig. 189.)
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90330. Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 36007, 36441, 36968; Standley 68506, 86473. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 62696, 62703, 62711, 62733, 84009 (as P. Liebmannianum) Dept. Quezaltenango: Steyermark 34871. Dept. El Progresso: Steyermark 43543. Dept. Zacapa: Steyermark 42542. Dept. Chiquimula: Steyermark 31055. Dept. Jalapa: Steyermark 32465.
.
Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Jamaica. On banks at medium to high altitudes. It is possible that the very robust plants with longer leaves and lower lamellae grow in
where there is an abundant and constant supply of moisture and conversely the plants with shorter stems, more crowded, erect leaves and higher lamellae are adapted to a drier habitat where I suspect that the conservation of moisture is more imperative. P. volvatum and P. Bernoullii are forms belonging in the latter group which seem to grade imperceptibly into P. leptopelma.
localities

6.
427
POGONATUM ALPINIFORME
(Card.) Bartr., Bryol. 49: 125.

6.
1946.
Polytrichum alpiniforme Card., Rev. Bryol. 37:
1910.
Stems 4-20 tips, laxly tufted. cm. long, simple or sparingly branched, usually denuded of leaves Leaves crowded, 8-12 mm. long, erect or flexuous when dry, [below. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, acuminate; margins serrate; lamellae numerous, 5-7 cells high, crenulate and papillose on the free edge when viewed laterally, the terminal cells in cross section conical, thick walled, papillose; costa excurrent, toothed on back above; basal cells narrowly rectangular. "Seta about 2 cm. long; capsule minute, oblong; calyptra 6-7 mm. long, sparsely pilose." Sporophyte not seen. (Fig. 190, A-D.)
Plants brownish green, paler at
Standley 6771 Ob, 67685, 67727.
Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 8551*5, 36101*0,, 36158. Dept. Quezaltenango: Dept. Solola: Steyermark 1*7502.
On banks and exposed rocky slopes at high altitudes. Apart from the crenulated edges of the lamellae there is absolutely nothing distinctive in these plants as compared with P. alpinum (Hedw.) Roehl. Most of the plants I have examined show this character quite clearly but in some of the collections, especially No. 36158,
the free edge of the lamellae is nearly entire. P. alpiniforme is evidently closely allied to P. alpinum and may have to be combined with it eventually. The sporophyte characters are taken from
TheYiot's description (Smiths. Misc. Coll. 85 4
:
44.
1931).
3.
POLYTRICHUM
1801.
Dioicous; plants erect, rigid, green, tinged with brown. Stems gradually grading into the scale-like bracts below, tomentose in lower parts. Leaves erect or spreading, lanceolate
leafy above,
from a sheathing base, entire or toothed above, with numerous longitudinal lamellae on ventral face; costa dilated upward, often excurrent in an awn. Seta elongate, solitary; capsules sharply 4-6
angled; peristome teeth 64; calyptra densely felted with deflexed
hairs.
1.
POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM Hedw., Sp. Muse.
89.
1801.
1897.
?Polytrichum angustifolium Schimp., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 178.
tips,
Plants usually closely gregarious, yellowish or glaucous green at brown below. Stems angled, to 15 cm. or more high, usually
428
25
FIGURE 190
A-D, Pogonatum
section,
X270;
alpiniforme: A, plant, D, lamella, side view, X270.

leaf,
Xl; B,
leaf,
X6; C, lamella
in cross
E-G, Polytrichum juniperinum: E, G, capsule, X8.
X6; F,
cross section of leaf,
X54;
simple.
Leaves 8-12
mm.
long, narrowly lanceolate
from an
erect,
sheathing base, ending in a reddish, denticulate, aristate point; lamellae 4-8 cells high, the end cell in cross section conical, thick
broadly inflexed above shoulders; costa Seta to 5 cm. long or longer, red; capsule nodding, oblong, urn 4-5 mm. long, sharply 4 angled; calyptra pale brown, covering capsule. (Fig. 190, E-G.)
walled; margins entire,
excurrent, toothed on back above.
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Standley 7101*9. Dept. Huehuetenango Standley 811*36, 81665, 81671, 82123, 821*92b. Dept. San Marcos: Standley 66228, 66250, 71138, 71203. Dept. Totonicapan: Standley 81*528. Dept. Quezaltenango: Standley 671*11*, 671*19, 671*21, 671*26a, 67828b, 67835, 8361*2, 83851*, 81*580; Steyermark 31*621. Dept. Sacatepequez: Standley 58861, 591*51*, 6071*8, 60780, 81001. Dept. Solola: Standley 6271*1*. Dept. Chimaltenango: Standley 80256. Dept. El Pro:
gresso: Steyermark 1*3109.
31051*.
Distribution: Arctic
North America, Canada, United
States,
Mexico,
Oceanica.
Central
America,
West
Indies,
Europe,
Asia,
Africa,
On soil at medium to high altitudes. Very variable in size and habit depending upon the environment. There seems to be no good reason for continuing P. antillarum Rich., at least as far as the Central American plants are concerned. I can find no stable
characters
by which
it
can be separated from P. juniperinum.
REFERENCES
1.
ANDREWS, A. LEROY.
Sphagnaceae.
No. Amer. Flora 15: 1-31. 1913.
2.
BARTRAM, E. B. Costa Rican mosses collected by Paul C. Standley in 1924Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26 3 : 51-114. 1928. 26.
-
3.
Additional Costa Rican mosses. 1929.
Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 11-27. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 288Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 467Journ. Wash.
4.
Additional Costa Rican mosses,

294. 1931.
-
II.
5.
Additional Costa Rican mosses, III.

480. 1934.
6.
Mosses of northern Guatemala and British Honduras. Acad. Sci. 22: 476-482. 1932.
-
7.
Honduran mosses collected by Paul C. Standley. Hist. Bot. Ser. 4 9 : 349-364. 1929.
Field
Mus. Nat.
8.
- Mosses of western Mexico collected by Mrs. Ynes Mexia. Acad. Sci. 18: 577-582. 1928.
Alpine mosses from Mexico.
Journ. Wash.
9.
Rev. Bryol. et Lich. 15: 21-23. 1945.

of
10.
New
New
gist 50:
species and new combinations
Guatemalan mosses. Guatemalan mosses,
Bryologist
49: 109-125. 1946.

11.
-
species
and new combinations
of
II.
Bryolo-
202-208. 1947.
12.
contribution to the 50: 55-63. 1947.
moss
flora of
southeastern Mexico.
Bryologist
13.
BRITTON, E. G.
1909.
Andreaeaceae,
In Engler
etc.
No. Amer. Flora 15: 35-75. 1913.

1, pt. 1,
14.
BROTHERUS, V. F.
-
&
Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien, ed.
Abt.
3.
15.
- In Engler
J.
&
Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 10-11, 1924-25.
16.
CARDOT,
Diagnoses preliminaires de mousses mexicanes. Rev. Bryol. 36: 67-77; 81-88; 105-115. 1909. Rev. Bryol. 37: 4-13; 49-59; 65-72; 117-128. 1910. Rev. Bryol. 38: 1-9; 33-43. 1911.
17.
Coup d'oeil sur la flore bryologique du Mexique. 79-84; 97-105. 1911.
Rev. Bryol. 38: Rev. Bryol.
18.
Quelques observations sur la nomenclature bryologique. 40: 17-22. 1913.
19.
CARDOT,
J. and RENAULD, F. Musci Costaricenses. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 32: 33-60. 1893. Belg. 31: 145-173. 1892. Bull Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 41: 123-148. 1902-03. J.
20. 21.
GROUT, A.
-
Fissidentaceae.
No. Amer. Flora 15: 167-202. 1943.

of Mexico. 1928-1940.
- Moss
flora of
North America north

429
430
22.

47: 1-22. 1944.
25
Bryologist
Preliminary synopsis of the North American Macromitriae.

-
23.
A revision of the North American species of Stereophyllum and Pilosium with descriptions of some South American species. Bryologist 48: 60-70.
1945.
24. 25. 26.
Orthotrichaceae.
No. Amer. Flora ISA 1
1-62. 1946.
MITTEN, W.
Musci Austro-Americani.
Bryologia Guatemalensis.
Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 1-659. 1869.

Bull.
MULLER,
1897.
-
C.
Herb. Boiss. 5: 171-220.
27. 28.
Musci Mexicani.
J.
Linnaea 38: 620-660. 1874.
SHARP, A.
Tropical bryophytes in the southern Appalachians. Bryol. 11: 141-144. 1938.

brief review.
Ann.
29.
STANDLEY, P. C. and STEYERMARK,
J. A. The vegetation of Guatemala, a Chron. Bot. 7: 315-318. 1943.
30.
STEERE, W. C. Mosses of British Honduras and the Department of Peten, Guatemala. Rev. Bryol. et Lich. 8: 28-41. 1934.
-
31.
II.
Mosses
of
Yucatan.
Amer. Journ. Bot. 22: 395-408. 1935.

of Peten,
32.
Mosses of British Honduras and the Department Ann. Bryol. 10: 115-123. 1937. Mosses
of British
Guatemala,
Guatemala,
33.
Honduras and the Department
of Peten,
III.
Bryologist 49: 72-84. 1946.

of El Salvador.
34. 35.
Mosses
Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 219-225. 1946.
THERIOT,
I. Mexican mosses collected by Brother Arsene Brouard. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 78: 1-29. 1926. Part II. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 81: 1-26. 1928. Part III. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 85: 1-44. 1931. Index, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 85: 45-55. 1931.
36.
Quelques nouveautes bryologiques pour Cryptog. 1-4. 1931.

-
le
Mexique. Recueil de Travaux
37.
Mexican mosses.
Rev. Bryol. et Lich. 5: 91-110. 1932.
38.
Sur une petite collection de mousses du Guatemala.

Lich. 7: 56-58. 1934.
Rev. Bryol. et
Contrib. U. S.
39.
WILLIAMS, R.
-
S.
New
or interesting mosses from
Panama.
Nat. Herb. 16: 23-24. 1912.

40.
41.
Central American mosses.
Torreya 14: 24-31. 1914.

Bull. Torr. Bot.
Calymperaceae
1920.
of
North America.
Club 47: 367-396.
42.
Dicranaceae, Leucobryaceae.
No. Amer. Flora 15: 77-166. 1913.
INDEX
Synonyms
in
in italics;
main references
to
names
of families, genera,
and species
boldface.
Acanthocladium, 385 costaricense, 385 Acidodontium, 168 floresianum, 168, 169 megalocarpum, 2, 168, 169 Acrocryphaea, 236 Gardneri, 236 Acroporium, 393 pungens, 393 Actinodontium, 309 Sprucei, 309 Standleyi, 309 Adelothecium, 297 bogotense, 298
Aloinella, 136
Anomodon, 332
attenuatus, 333 minor, 333
minor inaequalifolius, 332 rostratus, 334

toccoae, 334 Aongstroemia, 34, 39 alpina, 38 brachyblepharis, 39 jamaicensis, 34 lagunaria, 39 orientalis, 35 vaginata, 38 Aptychus, 392 apaloblastus, 392 longicollis, 392 semitortulus, 392 Arthrocormus pulvinatus, 69 Atractylpcarpus, 50
catenula, 136 hamulus, 136 Amblystegiaceae, 341 Amblystegium, 346 Juratzkanum, 347 serpens, 347, 348 varium, 348 Amphidium, 54 cyathicarpum, 2, 55, 56 Anacolia, 189
intertexta, 190
costaricensis, 51 longisetus, 50 mexicanus, 51
Atrichum, 139, 420
angustatum Mulleri, 421

Mulleri, 421
Oerstedianum, 421
Barbella, 270 cubensis, 270
laevisphaera, 3, 189
setifolia,
Andreaea,
8,
190 25
rupestris, 3, 8 rupestris alpestris, 8
Andreaeaceae, 7 Andreaeales, 7
Barbula, 119 agraria, 128 anomala, 98

Bescherellei, 122, 123 brunneola, 125 crassicostata, 123 Cruegeri, 128 Ehrenbergiana, 131 erythrodonta, 132 fallax, 126 Godmaniana, 117 hamulus, 136 hypselostegia, 127 icmadophila, 2, 122 Jamesoni, 116, 117 lagunicola, 130 linguaefolia, 127 lonchostega, 130 mniifolia, 139 orizabensis, 130 pellata, 130
Anictangium
ciliatum, 232
cirrosum, 222 torquatum, 230
Anoectangium, 83, 86
arizonicum,
3,
86
84, 85 condensatum, 84, 85
compactum,
Erpodium domingense, 205

euchloron, 84 incurvans, 85 obtusifolium, 3, 86 Anomobryum, 166 filiforme, 167, 168
filiforme
mexicanum, 167
plicatum, 167
semiovatum, 168
431
432
25
Barbula
perlinealis, 129 Pringlei, 126
rectifolia,
spiralis,
122
Brittoniae, 203, 204 deflexifolia, 201, 204 jamaicensis, 202
reflexa, 2, 124,
126
129 Sprengelii, 134

stillicidiorum, 121 strictidens, 117, 118
subagraria, 128 suberythropoda, 130

subulifolia, 121, 122 teretiuscula, 124 trichostomoides, 131 vinealis, 3, 124 Bartramia, 192, 194 Bernoullii, 199 chrysoblasta, 198 erythrocaulis, 202 glaucescens, 197
subarcuata, 201 tomentosa, 200 Brothera, 54 Leana, 54 Brotherella, 392 deplanatula, 392 Bryaceae, 3, 153 Bryales, 8 Bryomanginia, 24 Saint Pierrei, 25 Bryum, 169 aggregation, 157 andicola, 176 argenteum, 172
argenteum lanatum, 172

Bernoullii, 174
graminicola, 196
bimum cuspidatum, 175

capillare, 174 capillare torquescens,
190 jamaicensis, 202 longiseta, 196 Mathewsii, 193 microstoma, 3, 192, 193 patula, 194 potosica, 192 scobinifolia, 197 subarcuata, 201 subsessilis, 189 tenella, 197 Turckheimii, 195 uncinata, 199 Bartramiaceae, 3, 189 Bartramidula, 194 patula, 194 Turckheimi, 195
intertexta,
175
Carionis, 164
chryseum, 172
confluens, 180 coronatum, 173, 174
Blindia, 31 acuta, 2, 31, 32
Crugeri, 170 cuspidatum, 175 didymodontium, 158, 159 filiforme, 167 geminidens, 177 guatemalense, 172 lagunicolum, 172 lato-cuspidatum, 182 lepidopiloides, 163 Mangini, 177 megalocarpum, 168 microbalanum, 173
Brachymenium, 163
barbe-montis, 164 macrocarpum, 165 mexicanum, 3, 165 systylium, 164 Brachysteleum cylindrothecium, 146 serratum, 145 Brachytheciaceae, 290, 350 Brachythecium, 352
alboflavens, 354 crocatum, 353 flexiventrosum, 354, 355
plumosum, 355
pusillo-albicans, 353 rutabulum, 2, 356 stereopoma, 353 trochalobasis, 353 Braunia, 233 secunda, 3, 233, 234 secunda Andrieuxii, 235 squarrulosa, 234 Breutelia, 200 auriculata, 203
mnioides, 171 papillosum, 158 pellucens, 155 perappresum, 176 pergracilescens, 179 perminutum, 179 polycarpum, 157 procerum, 178 pseudotriquetrum, 174 Seleri, 161 semiovatum, 168 spectabile, 156 streptorhodon, 176 subcorrugatum, 172 systylium, 164 tomentosum, 200 truncorum, 3, 176 utriculosum, 181 vulcanicolum, 174
Buxbaumia foliosa, 420

Callicostella, Bernoullii,
302 303 pallida, 303
INDEX
Vatteri, 304 âlymperaceae, 73 âlymperes, 78 Carionis, 80 Donnellii, 78 emersum, 79 lonchophyllum, 2, 81 nicaraguense, 80 Richardi, 79, 80 Halyptothecium, 276 duplicatum, 276, 277 turgescens, 276 âmpylium, 343 chrysophyllum, 2, 344 hispidulum Sommerfeltii, 343 stellatum, 2, 344 Hampylopodium, 39 pusillum, 39 Hampylopus, 40
Patrisiae, 317, 318 scabrisetum, 318
433
Cryphaea, 237 attenuata, 240

filiformis, 237,
238
Gardneri, 236 intermedia, 239

latifolia,
239
patens, 239, 240 pinnata, 238

reticulata, 240 rufescens, 241
Cryphaeaceae, 236
Cryptotheca cochlearifolia, 252 Cryptotheca mexicana, 251 Ctenidiadelphus, 406, 407 cylindricarpus, 382, 406
arctocarpus, 41, 49
Bartletti, 48 Chrismari, 41, 42 concolor, 41, 45, 46 filifolius, 41, 48 flexuosus, 41, 43, 44
fragilis,
45
gracilicaulis, 43,
45
guatemalensis, 41 Hellerianus, 45 hondurensis, 43

introflexus, 41, 47 Jamesoni, 2, 41, 46
Leana, 54 pusillus, 39
Richardi, 41, 47, 50
Ctenidium, 407 aurifolium, 413 malacodes, 407 malacodes attenuata, 408 molluscum, 408 Cupressina acrostegia, 404 minutidens, 399 Cyclodictyon, 299 albicans, 299, 300 erubescens, 301 humectatum, 300 roridum, 300, 301 rubrisetum, 301, 302 Cylindrotherium Drummondii, 367
Cynontodium
capillaceum, 26
gracile,
45 Sargii, 43, 45 savannarum, 41, 47, 48 Schimperi, 42 Standleyi, 46 straminifolius, 43 tallulensis, 43 Catharinaea Oerstediana, 421 Catharinaea runcinata, 421 Ceratodon, 26 purpureus, 27
Roettii, 43,
28
Daltonia, 294, 296

gracilis,
longifolia,
296 295
longo-cuspidata, 296
stenocarpus, 26 vulcanicm, 26
Coleochaetium, 212 scaberrimum, 213 Standleyi, 2, 212
Conomitrium
hookeriaceum, 11
reticulosum, 11
Turckheimi, 24 Cratoneuron, 342 falcatum, 349 filicinum, 2, 342 Crossomitrium, 317 Herminieri, 317 Oerstedianum, 319 orbiculatum, 317
295 Dendropogonella, 240 rufescens, 241 Desmatodon, 134, 136 Garberi, 134, 135 spathulifolius, 135 Sprengelii, 134, 135 Dicranaceae, 3, 32 Dicranella, 35 alpina, 38 barbensis, 38 brachyblepharis, 39 Hilariana, 36, 37 lagunaria, 39 Sharpii, 38 Standleyi,' 36 subinclinata, 2, 36 vaginata, 2, 36 varia, 2, 37 Dicranodontium, 52 denudatum, 53
tenuifolia,
434
25
Dicranoweisia, 58, 59
calcarea, 58
Dicranum, 63
albidum, 71 arctocarpum, 49 Chrismari, 42
Steyermarkii, 29 Drepanocladus, 349 aduncus, 2, 350
aduncus aquaticus, 350

exannulatus mexicanus, 349 Sendtneri, 350 Drepanophyllaceae, 184 Drepanophyllum viride, 184 Dryptodon crispulus, 144 Dusenia pycnothallodes, 244
45 Crugerianum, 67 denudatum, 53 Donnellii, 43 filifolium, 48 flagellare, 2, 64 flexuosum, 43 flexuosum fragile, 45 frigidum, 65 Hellerianus, 43 Hilarianum, 36 introflexum, 47 Jamesoni, 46
concolor,
longisetum, 50 lycopodioides, 77 magnirete, 39
Ectropothecium, 403 amabile, 400 amphibolum, 405 apiculatum, 403 globitheca, 404 polypterum, 399 Encalypta, 81 ligulata, 87 parasitica, 76
vulgaris, 3, 81 Encalyptaceae, 81 Entodon, 366
Martianum, 72
ome, 142
rhabdocarpum, rugosum, 65 savannarum, 47
3,
64
Bernoullii, 366, 367 Beyrichii, 367
Drummondii, 368
erythropus, 366
flaviusculus,
subleucogaster, 43
368
sublongisetum, 50 Turckheimii, 39 vaginatum, 36 varium, 37
Hampeanus, 368
Jamesoni, 368, 369 macropodus, 2, 367, 368 serrulatus, 368 Entodontaceae, 362 Entodontopsis, 373 contorte-operculata, 373 Entosthodon, 147
acidotus, 2, 148 Bonplandii, 147, 148, 149 longisetus, 149 microcarpus, 147, 148
Didymodon,
115, 118
alticaulis, 117 campy lo carpus, 116,
117
diaphanobasis, 104 fusco-viridis, 119
Godmanianus, 104, 117

gracile,
52
Jamesoni, 117
recurvirostris, 115, 116
Epipterygium, 162
tophaceus, 119 Diphysciaceae, 419
immarginatum, 162, 163

lepidopiloides, 163
Diphyscium, 420 foliosum, 2, 420

Diplostichum miradoricum, 185 Spruceanum, 185 Distichium, 25 capillaceum, 2, 3, 26 Distichophyllum, 296 andicola, 297 cubense, 297 pusillum, 297 Ditrichaceae, 24 Ditrichum, 26, 27 ambiguum, 3, 30 crinale, 28 flexicaule, 28 giganteum, 2, 3, 28 gracile, 2, 3, 28 longicaule, 28 rufescens, 30
Wrightii, 163 Erpodiaceae, 204 Erpodium, 205 domingense, 205 Pringlei, 205 Erythrodpntium, 362 cylindricaule, 364 densum, 364, 365 longisetum, 364 Pringlei, 365 squarrosum, 363, 364 teres, 363 Eucatagonium, 274 politum, 2, 274 Eupilotrichum, 293 fasciculatum, 293 filigranum, 293 Eurhynchium, 356 blandum, 361
INDEX
hians, 358 huitomalconum, 360, 362 praelongum, 3, 360 praelongum Stokesii, 360 pulchellum, 2, 357 riparioides, 358, 360 rusciforme, 358
435
Svihlae, 13
taxifolius, 2,
tortilis,
22
scariosum, 361 semiscabrum, 358 serrulatum, 360 strigosum, 357 subrusciforme, 359 Eustichia, 185 longirostris, 185 miradorica, 185 Spruceana, 2, 185, 186 Eustichiaceae, 185
12 Weiri, 14 Wrightii, 16 yucatanensis, 13 Fissidentaceae, 3, 8 Forsstroemia pycnothallodes, 244 Funaria, 149

epipedoslegia, 149
hygrometrica, 150 hygrometrica calvescens, 151 megapoda, 150 obtusata, 150 Funariaceae, 146
Garovaglia mexicana, 251 Glossadelphus, 396
cocoensis, 396
ligulaefolius, 396 longisetus, 396
Fabrpnia, 325, 326, 327 ciliaris, 3, 325 flavinervis, 326 Turckheimii, 326 Wrightii, 3, 326 Fabroniaceae, 325 Fabronidium, 326 Bernoullianum, 327
Fissidens, 9 asplenioides, 20, 21 austro-adiantoides, 19, 20
Glyphocarpus laevisphaera, 189 Glyphomitrium serratum, 145 Grimmia, 140 apocarpa gracilis, 2, 141 Bernoullii, 142 brevi-exserta, 142
gracilis,
141
ovalis, 3, 142
Bourgaeanus, 20 Canonis, 12 debilis, 24

dissitifolius, 11
praetermissa, 142 trichophylla, 3, 142
Grimmiaceae, 140
Gymnostomum, 90
acidotum, 148
Donnellii, 17, 18 elegans, 16

fasciculato-bryoides, 12
Garberi, 13
gracilifrondeus, 20
aeruginosum, 91 Bonplandti, 147 calcareum, 91 euchloron, 84

imberbe, 233 incurvans, 85
grandifrons, 24 Howelli, 14
incrassatolimbatus, 19, 20 julianus, 24 Kegelianus, 13 leptopodus, 13 lingulatus, 20, 21 longidecurrens, 11
Jamesoni, 88
recurvirostrum, 93
rupestre, 91
112 Gyroweisia obtusifolia, 119

tortula,
michpacanus, 13
mollis, 10, 11
muriculatus, 15 Oerstedianus, 22, 23 pellucidus, 2, 16 plurisetus, 14

polyppdioides, 22, 23 pusillissimus, 18 radicans, 16, 18 repandus, 12
reticulosus, 11 rufulus, 16 similiretis guadalupensis, 21
Steerei, 18
Steyermarkii, 14 subcrenatus, 16
Haplocladium, 335 microphyllum, 335 Haplohymenium densum, 332 Harpophyllum, 321 aureum, 321 Harrisonia squarrulosa, 234 Hedwigia, 232, 233 ciliata, 232 ciliata leucophaea, 233 Humboldtii, 235 secunda, 234 Hedwigiaceae, 232 Hedwigidium, 233 imberbe, 3, 233 Helicodontium, 327 capillare, 2, 327
436
25
Helicophyllaceae, 230
Helicophyllum, 230 guatemalense, 230 torquatum, 230 Hemiragis Friedrichsthaliana, 321 Herpetineurum, 334 toccoae, 334 Heterophyllum, 384 affine, 384 nemorosum, 385 Holomitrium, 59 arboreum, 62, 63 calycinum, 62 falcatum, 60 flexuosum, 60 pulchellum, 2, 63 serratum, 109 Standleyi, 62
terebellatum, 61
Hylocomiaceae, 415 Hylocomium, 417 brevirostre, 2, 419 Ehrenbergianum, 416 giganteum, 418 Hymenolopsis tolucensis, 59
Hymenostomum,
Jamesoni,
tortile,
2, 88,
88 89
mexicanum, 89
89
Hymenostylium, 92
recurvirostrum, 86, 93 Hyophila, 112 fragilis, 134 lingulata, 136 microcarpa, 113 tortula, 112 Hypnaceae, 397 Hypnum, 378, 399 aduncum, 350 affine, 384 dlbicans, 299 amabile, 400, 401 apiculatum, 403 aquaticum, 359 aureo-nitens, 401 brevirostre, 419 chlorophyllum, 374 Chrismari, 381 chrysophyllum, 344 ciliare, 325 contorte-operculatum, 373 cupressiforme, 2, 402 delicatulum, 339 densum, 245 denticulatum, 376 deplanatulum, 392 diaphanum, 313 diminutivum, 409 duplication, 276 Ehrenbergianum, 416 exasperatum, 360 filicinum, 342 flexiventrosum, 354 flexuosum, 319 fluviatile, 346 furfurosum, 337 galipense, 389 globitheca, 404 huitomalconum, 360 insularum, 387 Langsdorffii, 412 LeJolisii, 400 leptomerocarpum, 361 leptomiton, 380 leucotrichum, 262 Lindigii, 387 loxense, 389 mexicanMTn, 349 microphyllum, 335 mirabile, 401 miradoricum, 380
Homalia, 282
angustifrons, 283
glabella, 283 lentula, 316
Homaliodendron, 281
Mohrianum, 281 Homalotheciella, 352 tenerrima, 352 Hookeria, 298

acutifolia,
299
Bernoullii, 303 bogotensis, 298 Carionis, 314
Crugeriana, 306
cubensis, 311
fallax,
305 310
haplociliata,
incurva, 307 Levieri, 308 pallida, 303
Poeppigiana, 406 radiculosa, 371 riparia, 300 rorida, 300 rubriseta, 301 subfalcata, 305 tenuifolia, 320 Hookeriaceae, 3, 293 Hookeriopsis, 305 angustiretis, 307 cocoensis, 396 Crugeriana, 306 diffusa, 307 guatemalensis, 307 incurva, 307 laevinervis, 307 subfalcata, 305 Husnotiella, 92 revoluta, 3, 92
Hygroamblystegium, 346
fluviatile,
346
Hygrohypnum, 348
palustre, 2, 348
INDEX
nigrescens, 265 nigricans, 261 palustre, 348 Patrisiae, 317
437
2,
squarrosa,
250
Leiomela, 190, 194 bartramioides, 191
patulum, 272 pendulinum, 413 pianum, 395 plumosum, 355 politum, 274 polypterum, 399, 401 polypterum robustum, 400 polytrichoides, 314 praelongum, 360 pulchellum, 357 pungens, 393 reptans, 410 reptile, 402 riparioides, 358 riparium, 345 rugosum, 416 rusciforme, 358 rutobuium, 356 scariosum, 361 serpens, 347 siphotheca, 341 Sommerfeltti, 343 spiniforme, 187 stellatum, 344 stereopoma, 353 8<n'0osuTO, 357 subrusciforme, 359 subsimplex, 386 tenermnura, 352 tetragonum, 254 tomentosura, 231 Trinitense, 414 pcstcuians, 406
Wahlenbergii, 161
Lembophyllaceae, 288, 290 Lepidopilum, 309, 312 amplirete, 312 brevipes, 310
cubense, 311 Decaisnei, 310
diaphanum, 313
haplociliatum, 310, 311
Mohrianum, 312
Mulleri, 311 polytrichoides, 314
radicale, 312
subenerve, 312
subtortifolium, 315 tortifolium, 314, 316
vesicularioides, 314
Leptobryum, 155
Leptodictyum, 345 riparium, 345 Leptodontium, 104, 209
acutifolium, 109
pyrifprme, 155
brachyphyllum, 108 brevisetum, 109 cirrifolium, 112 exasperatum, 110 excelsum, 109 filescens, 105 flexifolium, 107
flexifolium americanum, 106
gracile, 107 helicoides, 110
Orcutti, 106
Hypopterygiaceae, 323 Hypopterygium, 324

pseudotamarisci, 324, 325
perannulatum, 111 subgracile, 108 sulphureum, 110

ulocalyx, 111
tamariscinum, 324
ulocalyx cirrifolium, 112 Valerianum, 106
Isodrepanium, 316 lentulum, 316 Isopterygium, 378, 407, 414 Chrismari, 381 cylindricarpum, 382, 406 diminutivum, 379 fecundum, 381 guatemalense, 381 miradoricum, 380 perminutum, 379 piani'88tmum, 376 robusticaule, 382 semicostatum, 382
Jaegerina, 249, 251 guatemalensis, 249 jamaicensis, 250 Jaegerinopsis, 250, 251
scariosa, 250
Leptohymenium, 416
Ehrenbergianum, 416 Leptotrichum
costaricense, 51
dicranoides, 94 rufescens, 30
Leskea
269 333 Bonplandii, 351 caespitosa, 389 captllare, 327 densa, 364 flexilis, 264 glabeUa, 283 imponderosa, 265 involvens, 339 leucostega, 373 mexicana, 332
aciculata, attenuate,
436
25
Helicophyllaceae, 230 Helicophyllum, 230 guatemalense, 230 torquatum, 230 Hemiragis Friedrichsthaliana, 321 Herpetineurum, 334 toccoae, 334 Heterophyllum, 384 affine, 384 nemorosum, 385 Holomitrium, 59 arboreum, 62, 63 calycinum, 62 falcatum, 60 flexuosum, 60 pulchellum, 2, 63 serratum, 109 Standleyi, 62
terebellatum, 61
Hylocomiaceae, 415 Hylocomium, 417 brevirostre, 2, 419 Ehrenbergianum, 416 giganteum, 418 Hymenolopsis tolucensis, 59
Hymenostomum,
Jamesoni,
tortile,
2, 88,
88 89
mexicanum, 89
89
Hymenostylium, 92
recurvirostrum, 86, 93 Hyophila, 112 fragilis, 134 lingulata, 136 microcarpa, 113 tortula, 112 Hypnaceae, 397 Hypnum, 378, 399 aduncum, 350 affine, 384 albicans, 299 amabile, 400, 401 apiculatum, 403 aquaticum, 359 aureo-nitens, 401 brevirostre, 419 chlorophyllum, 374 Chrismari, 381 chrysophyllum, 344 ciliare, 325 contorte-operculatum, 373 cupressiforme, 2, 402 delicatulum, 339 densum, 245 denticulatum, 376 deplanatulum, 392 diaphanum, 313 diminutivum, 409 duplicatum, 276 Ehrenbergianum, 416 exasperatum, 360 filicinum, 342 flexiventrosum, 354 flexuosum, 319 fluviatile, 346 furfurosum, 337 galipense, 389 globitheca, 404 huitomalconum, 360 insularum, 387 Langsdorffii, 412 LeJolisii, 400 leptomerocarpum, 361 leptomiton, 380 leucotrichum, 262 Lindigii, 387 loxense, 389 mexicanum, 349 microphyllum, 335 mirabile, 401 miradoricum, 380
Homalia, 282
angustifrons, 283
glabella, 283 lentula, 316
Homaliodendron, 281
Mohrianum, 281 Homalotheciella, 352 tenerrima, 352 Hookeria, 298

acutifolia,
299
Bernoulli!, 303 bogotensis, 298 Carionis, 314
Crugeriana, 306
cubensis, 311
fallax,
305
310
haplociliata,
incurva, 307 Levieri, 308 pallida, 303
Poeppigiana, 406 radiculosa, 371 riparia, 300 rorida, 300 rubriseta, 301 subfalcata, 305 tenuifolia, 320 Hookeriaceae, 3, 293 Hookeriopsis, 305 angustiretis, 307 cocoensis, 396 Crugeriana, 306 diffusa, 307 guatemalensis, 307 incurva, 307 laevinervis, 307 subfalcata, 305 Husnotiella, 92 revoluta, 3, 92
Hygroamblystegium, 346
fluviatile,
346
Hygrohypnum, 348
palustre, 2, 348
INDEX
nigrescens, 265 nigricans, 261 palustre, 348 Patrisiae, 317
437
2,
squarrosa,
250
Leiomela, 190, 194 bartramioides, 191
patulum, 272 pendulinum, 413
planum, 395 pZuraosum, 355 politum, 274 polypterum, 399, 401 polypterum robustum, 400 polytrichoides, 314 praelongum, 360 pulchellum, 357 pungens, 393 reptans, 410 reptile, 402 ripanoides, 358 riparium, 345 rugosum, 416 rusciforme, 358 rutabulum, 356 gcan'oswm, 361 serpens, 347
siphotheca, 341 Sommerfeltii, 343
Lembophyllaceae, 288, 290 Lepidopilum, 309, 312 ampfirete, 312 brevipes, 310
cubense, 311 Decaisnei, 310
diaphanum, 313
haplociliatum, 310, 311
Mohrianum, 312
Mulleri, 311 polytrichoides, 314 radicale, 312
subenerve, 312
subtortifolium, 315 tortifolium, 314, 316
vesicularioides, 314
Leptobryum, 155
Leptodictyum, 345 riparium, 345 Leptodontium, 104, 209
acutifolium, 109
pyrifprme, 155
spiniforme, 187
344 stereopoma, 353 8<n0osum, 357 subrusciforme, 359 subsimplex, 386 tenerrimum, 352 tetragonum, 254 tomentosMwt, 231 Trinitense, 414 pestcuJans, 406
stellatum,
brachyphyllum, 108 brevisetum, 109 cirrifolium, 112 exasperatum, 110 excelsum, 109 filescens, 105 flexifolium, 107
flexifolium americanum, 106
gracile, 107 helicoides, 110
Wahlenbergii, 161
Hypopterygiaceae, 323 Hypopterygium, 324

pseudotamarisci, 324, 325
Orcutti, 106 perannulatum, 111 subgracile, 108 sulphureum, 110
ulocalyx, 111
tamariscinum, 324
ulocalyx cirrifolium, 112 Valerianum, 106
Isodrepanium, 316 lentulum, 316 Isopterygium, 378, 407, 414 Chrismari, 381 cylindricarpum, 382, 406 diminutivum, 379 fecundum, 381 guatemalense, 381 miradoricum, 380 perminutum, 379 pZanisstmum, 376 robusticaule, 382 semicostatum, 382
Jaegerina, 249, 251 guatemalensis, 249 jamaicensis, 250 Jaegerinopsis, 250, 251
scariosa, 250
Leptohymenium, 416
Ehrenbergianum, 416 Leptotrichum
costaricense, 51
dicranoides, 94 rufescens, 30
Leskea
269 333 Bonplandii, 351 389 caespitosa, capillare, 327 dense, 364 flexilis, 264 glabella, 283 imponderosa, 265 involvens, 339 leucostega, 373 mexicana, 332
aciculata, attenuate,
440
Pilotrichella, 262,

263
alpinum, 427
25
264 longipila, 262 pulchella, 263 rigida, 263

flexilis,
Pilotrichidium callicostatum, 304 Pilotrichum, 291 amazonum, 291 angustifolium, 260
angustifolium, 427 antillarum, 428 Bernoullii, 425, 426 Carionis, 424 juniperinum, 427, 428 leptopelma, 424
Liebmannianum, 423
volvatum, 425, 426 Porotrichodendron, 288, 289 superbum, 289 Porotrichum, 284 brevifolium, 287 cobanense, 286 decompositum, 282 grandidens, 282 guatemalense, 288 longirostre, 285, 286 minutum, 284 neckeroides, 288 plicatulum, 284 undulatum, 288 Pottia denticulata, 112 reflexifolia, 112 riparia, 112 subcrenulata, 112 Pottiaceae, 3, 82 Prionodon, 245 densus, 245 densus luteovirens, 247 fusco-lutescens, 245 otiophyllus, 247 Prionodontaceae, 245 Pseudocryphaea, 243 flagellifera, 243 Pseudodimerodontium, 328 bolivianum, 2, 329 Pseudoleskea subcatenulata, 336 Pseudosymblepharis, 97 circinata, 97, 123 subulata, 97 Pterigynandrum, 365 filiforme mexicanum, 366 fulgens, 273 Pterobryaceae, 3, 249 Pterobryopsis, 251, 254 mexicana, 251 Pterobryum, 258 angustifolium, 258, 260 densum, 259, 260 Pterogonidium, 383 nanum, 384 pulchellum, 384 subtilissimum, 384 Pterogonium densum, 259 Pterogonium Jamesoni, 368 Pterogonium pulchellum, 384 Ptychomitriurn, 144 cylindrothecium, 146 Leibergii, 3, 144 serratum, 3, 145, 146
bipinnatum, 292 cochlearifolium, 252 cryphaeoides, 291 cymbifolium, 255 flagelliferum, 243 pentagonum, 253 ramosissimum, 293 recurvifolium, 272 Pinnatella, 283 minuta, 284
Pirea
Mariae, 256
pachyclada, 256
Pireella, 255,
falcifolia,
260
cymbifolia, 2, 255
258
guatemalensis, 257 Mariae, 256, 258 pachyclada, 256 Plagiotheciaceae, 371 Plagiothecium, 375, 378 denticulatum, 2, 376
deplanatum, 377
longisetulum, 376, 378
planissimum, 376 scalpellifolium, 377 Standleyi, 375 sylvaticum, 376 Pleurochaete, 100, 102 luteola, 102 squarrosa, 103 Pleuropus, 351 Bonplandii, 3, 351 Pleurozium, 417 Pogonatum, 422 alpiniforme, 427 alpinum, 427 Carionis, 424 leptopelma, 424, 426 Liebmannianum, 423 robustum, 425 tortile, 423 Pohlia, 156 cruda, 157 Drummondii, 160 papillosa, 158 peracuminata, 159 polycarpa, 157 spectabilis, 156 tenuiseta, 160 Polytrichaceae, 420 Polytrichum, 427 alpiniforme, 427
INDEX
Puiggariella, 413
aurifolia, 2, 413 Pylaisia falcata, 398
441
Seligeriaceae, 31
3, 383 Sematophyllum, 386, 387
Sematophyllaceae,
angxistirete, 391
Rauia, 336 subcatenulata, 336, 337 Renauldia, 252 cochlearifolia, 252 Rhabdoweisia, 56 fugax tenerrima, 56 Rhacocarpus, 235 Humboldtii, 235 Rhacomitrium, 143 crispulum, 3, 144 fragile, 144 Rhacopilaceae, 231 Rhacopilopsis, 414
trinitensis, 414 Rhacopilum, 231 tomentosum, 231 Rhamphidium, 94 dicranoides, 94 Rhaphidorrhynchium, 387 Rhaphidostegium chrysocladum, 390, 391 Rhegmatodon, 330
filiformis, 331 Rhizogoniaceae, 186 Rhizogonium, 186 Lindigii, 2, 186 spiniforme, 187 Rhodobryum, 179 Beyrichianum, 180 confluens, 180 elatissimum, 178 utriculosum, 181 Rhynchostegiopsis, 319 flexuosa, 319
caespitosum, 2, 389, 390 cuspidiferum, 388

fluviak, 394
insularum, 387 Lindigii, 387, 388
marylandicum, 392 oblique-rostratum, 387

sericifolium, 390, 391
Steyermarkii, 389 subsimplex, 386 Sigmatella Bernoulliana, 395 pseudo-acuminatula, 395 Sphagnaceae, 4 Sphagnales, 4 Sphagnum, 4, 6 acutifolium meridense, 5 imbricatum, 5 magellanicum, 5 meridense, 2, 5 subsecundum, 6 Splachnaceae, 151 Splachnobryum, 151 Bernoullii, 151, 152 crenulatulum, 151 obtusum, 152 Squamidium, 261 cubense, 270 leucptrichum, 262 nigricans, 261 Stereodon, 398
.
Rhynchostegium
blandum, 361 cupressinum, 319 guatemalense, 360 tenerrimum, 352
Rhytidium, 415 rugosum, 2, 416 Rigodium, 289 gracile, 289 Rozea, 369 Bourgaeana, 370 chrysea, 370 viridis, 370
Schistomitrium obtusifolium, 68 Schlotheimia, 227 angustata, 229
lancifolia, 229 rugifolia, 227 sarcotricha, 229
sublaevifolia, 228 Sullivantii, 227
Schwetschkea, 328 boliviano, 329 guatemalensis, 328
falcatus, 398 Stereophyllum, 371, 373, 374 affixum, 371 anceps, 374 leucostegium, 373 Orcuttii, 373 pycnoblastum, 373 radiculosum, 371, 373 subobtusum, 372 Streptopogon, 131 cavifolius, 133 erythrodontus, 2, 132, 133 peruvianus, 133 rigidus, 2, 132 Symblepharis, 57 helicophylla, 3, 58 Syrrhopodon, 74 Bernoullii, 76 circinatus, 97 decolorans, 75 excelsus, 109 flavescens, 74 incompletus, 2, 75 Jamesoni, 116, 117 ligulatus, 2, 74 77 lycoppdioides, 2, 75, parasiticus, 76
442

prolifer,
25
Syrrhopodon
74
Reinwardtii, 207
Tamariscella ventrifolia, 339

Taxicaulis, 383
subsplendidulus, 383 trichopelma, 383
Taxiphyllum, 378 Taxithelium, 395 planum, 2, 395 Tayloria, 152 Jamesoni, 153 mexicana, 152 Moritziana, 153
Thamnium
guatemalense, 257, 258
Thuidium, 337, 379

byssoideum, 339 delicatulum, 339 furfurosum, 337 guatemalense, 339 involvens, 339 leskaefolium, 337
minutulum, 339
miradoricum, 340 Philberti, 340, 341 robustum, 340 Schlumbergeri, 340 siphotheca, 341 subrobustum, 340 Turckheimii, 338 Timmiella, 98 anomala, 3, 98 subanomala, 99 Tortella, 96, 99
guatemalensis, 100 mollissima, 101, 102 Richardsii, 99 tortuosa, 2, 100, 101, 102 Tortula, 131, 137 arcuata, 116
Bernoullianum, 395 394 Trichostomopsis, 103 diaphanobasis, 104, 117 Trichostomum, 95, 98 aeneum, 116 angustatum, 98 brachydontium, 96 campylocarpum, 116 crispipilum, 144 cylindricum, 95 filescens, 105 hyophilaceum, 94 involvens, 90 leucodon, 116 luteolum, 102 microcarpum, 113 Purpusi, 90 pygmaeum, 97 Sartorii, 111 sulphureum, 110 tophaceum, 119 ulocalyx, 111 Turckheimia, 94 guatemalensis, 94
fluviale,
Vesicularia, 404
amphibola, 405 arcuatipes, 405 auricolor, 319

pseudo-rutilans, 406 thermalis, 405 vesicularis, 406 vesicularis Poeppigiana, 406
Webera
Costesii,
157
cylindrica, 156
campylocarpa, 117, 118 caroliniana, 137 confusa, 138 fragilis, 3, 138 guatemalensis, 139 jamaicensis, 90 mniifolia, 2, 139 norvegica, 139, 140 parva, 138 Pringlei, 138 reflexa, 124 tortuosa, 101
mnioides, 171 pyriformis, 155 Weisia, 89 acuta, 31

agoyanensis, 87
cataracta, 87
jamaicensis, 90
viridula, 90
Weisiopsis, 114 oblonga, 114
Weissia
cylindrica, 95 recurvirostra, 116
Zygodon, 207
campylophyllus, 208 207 cyathicarpus, 55 gracilis, 209 gracilis americana, 106 Liebmannii, 208 obtusifolius, 207 Reinwardtii, 207 Reinwardtii subintegrifolius, 208 spathulaefolius, 207
circinatus,
Trachypodaceae, 247 Trachypodopsis, 247 crispatula, 248 otiophylla, 247 Trachypus, 248 viridulus, 248 Trematodon, 33 longicollis, 33 reflexus, 33 Trichosteleum, 394

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N IVLRSITY OF ILLI NOIS

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JANUARY 31, 1949

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JANUARY 31, 1949

THE LIBRARY OF THE

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Cryphaeaceae Leucodontaceae Prionodontaceae

Leucobryaceae Calymperaceae Encalyptaceae

153 182 184

Rhizogoniaceae Meeseaceae Bartramiaceae

185 186 187 189 204 206 230 231 232

species to the previously

are included in the present

As this is the any restricted

involves the relationship

mark the extreme southern

vaginata, Campylopus Jamesoni, Amphidium Holomitrium pulchellum, Hymenostomum Jamesoni,

Micromitrium mucronifolium, Pseu-

Neckeropsis undulata, Neckeropsis disticha, Helicodontium capillare,

BARTRAM: MOSSES OF GUATEMALA

following local mosses extend north through Mexico to

and highly intriguing

surprising vagrants from Such families as

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

species are in the author's herbarium.

very distinct order comprising a single genus, Sphagnum, of cosmopolitan distribution.

Cortical cells of stems and branches not fibrillose

BARTRAM: MOSSES OF GUATEMALA

Chlorophyllose Chlorophyllose red

Distribution: Labrador to Alaska south to Florida

Hornsch., Russow, Beitr. Torfm. 21.

Plants pale greenish brown.

Dept. Huehuetenango: Steyermark 49912.

on the inner walls of the hyaline

leaf cells are

SPHAGNUM MERIDENSE (Hampe)

C. M., Syn. 1: 95.

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

D-G, Sphagnum imbricatum: D, stem

cross section of leaf cells,

H-J, Sphagnum meridense: H, stem cells, X270.

X14; E, branch X270. X14; I, branch

Indies, Mexico, Central

Nees, Sturm, Deuts. Fl. Crypt. 17.

Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sharp

BARTRAM: MOSSES OF GUATEMALA

One family and one genus only represented

FIGURE 2 Sphagnum subsecundum: A, stem leaf, X14, B, branch

X14; C, part and

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

Hedw., Sp. Muse. 47.

ANDREAEA RUPESTRIS Hedw.,

Sp. Muse. 47. 1801.

long; cells incrassate,

below, rounded-quadrate above. exserted on a short pseudopodium. (Fig.

Exposed rock faces and elevations, 3,800-4,600 m.

var. ALPESTRIS Thed., Bot. Not. 1849: 79.

from the typical form

in the smaller, blunter leaves.

Dept. San Marcos: Steyermark 35786, 36089. mark 34209.

Distribution: Greenland south to

and Alaska south

Montana and Washington;

peristome present or lacking.

Dept. Peten: Bartlett 12155, 12185, 12515, 12553; Lundell 2100a.