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Memoirs of the Queensland Museum

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Article/Chapter Title: Article: New Carboniferous crinoids from eastern

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[Begin Page: Page 237]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CR1N01DS FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA

GARY D. WEBSTER AND PETER A. JELL

Webster, G.D. & Jell, P. A. 1999 06 30: New Carboniferous crinoids from eastern Australia.

Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(1): 237-277. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.

New crinods are described from the Carboniferous of Queensland and New South Wales.

Early Carboniferous faunas are dominated by actinocrinitids and platycrinitids. The geo-

graphic distribution of Aacocrinus, Dt'alutocrinus, Sampsonocrinus , Litocrinus,

Prininocrwus and Holcocrinus is extended with the first report of these genera from Austra-

lia. A fauna from the Neerkol Formation of Queensland containing acrocrinids, an

euspirocrinid and a scytalocrinid is the first Late Carboniferous fauna recognised from the

non-equatorial belt or higher latitudes. New genera and species introduced are

Denarioacrocr'ums neerkolensis, D.l ornatus, Neerkolocrinus typus and Kopriaerinus

mckellari. New species described are Aacocrinus acylus, Manillacrinus acanthus,

Sampsonocrinus cannindahensis, Prininocrinus namoiensis and Holcocrinus barrabaensis.

A neotype is designated for Synbathocrinus ogivalis. Australian Early Carboniferous crinoid

faunas are most closely allied to North American faunas, but developed geographically

widely separated from them. Crinoids, Carboniferous, Queensland, New South Wales.

Gary D. Webster. Department of Geology?, Washington State University, Pullman,

Washington 99164-2812, USA; Peter A. Jell, Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South

Brisbane 4101, Australia; 14 June, 1998.

The few Carboniferous crinoids described from

Australia have been reported from NSW and

Queensland. De Koninck ( 1 878, 1 898 ) reported 5

species from 2 unknown horizons at Burragood

and Glen William, NSW. Etheridge (1892)

described 3 camerates from the Mirari Limestone

at Greenhills and 1 from Chalky Gully, NSW.

This was followed by description of camerates

and cladids from the 'Gympie Beds 1 (incorrectly

assigned to the Permian initially), Queensland

(Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892).

Identifications were based on the broad concepts

of taxa at the time and, with few exceptions, were

tentative at best.

More recent reports of crinoids are based on

moderately to well-preserved calyces and

crowns, allowing more detailed identifications

based on modem concepts of taxa. These reports

have been an actinocrinitid calyx from Swain's

Gully (Pickett, 1 960), an acrocrinid from the Late

Carboniferous of Queensland (McKellar, 1966),

a Visean Physetocrinus and two unidentified

inadunates from Queensland (Campbell &

McKellar, 1969), camerates and inadunates from

the Goonoo Goonoo Mudstone and Namoi

Formation, NSW (Campbell & Bein, 1971) and a

glaphyrocrinid and eumorphocrinid from the

New England Fold Belt (Lindley, 1979, 1988).

Carboniferous crinoid specimens that have

remained undescribed in survey, university,

museum and private collections have been drawn

together for detailed study. These specimens add

significantly to the known diversity and

stratigraphic distribution (Table 1) of the

Australian faunas. Our purpose is to: 1, describe

the available specimens; 2, provide new data or

interpretations of some of the earlier described

material; and 3, relate all this material to known

faunas elsewhere in the world.

FAUNAE ANALYSIS

We recognise 35 Early and 5 Late Carbonif-

erous crinoids (Table 1 ) in Queensland and NSW.

This does not include taxa based on stem

segments, disarticulated cup plates and

fragmentary specimens described by de Koninck

(1878, 1 898), Etheridge (1 892) and Etheridge (in

Jack & Etheridge, 1892). Several of the taxa in

these reports are based on more complete

specimens; 3 are accepted and the others are

reassigned herein.

Early Carboniferous crinoids are recognised

from 5 formations in Qld and 4 or 5 formations in

NSW. Late Tournaisian faunas from the Namoi

Formation, Goonoo Gonoo Mudstone and

Dangarfield Formation of NSW and the Malchi

Formation of Qld are considered coeval and all

contain I or 2 species common to 2 of the form-

ations. No species occurs in all 4 formations.

Camerate crinoids are the most diverse forms in

each of the faunas and the only crinoids known

from the Dangarfield Fonnation. The Malchi

[Begin Page: Page 238]

238

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

Formation has ihe most diverse fauna and

includes the only Tournaisian flexible crinoids

recognised in Australia.

Visean faunas are from 2 or 3 formations in Qld

and 1 in New South Wales. Except for Aaco-

crinus in the Tournaisian or Visean Tellebang

Limestone and the Caswell Creek Group,

these faunas contain no genera in common. The

only non-camerate taxon in these faunas is

the disparid Litocrinus in the Baywulla Form-

ation.
Camerate calyces and tegmens have also been

found in reef talus of the type section of the Early

Carboniferous Lion Creek Limestone west of

Rockhampton. However, they are weathered, or

so fragmentary, that it has been impossible to

identify them below family level. At least 5

genera are present, based on cup shapes and plate

structures. In situ crinoid holdfasts are present in

the reef core, from where the calyces are thought

to have been derived.

Campbell & Bein ( 1 97 1 ) noted that Australian

Early Carboniferous crinoids have more affinity

with North American faunas than do the co-

occurring brachiopods. However, they also noted

that when the interior of many of the brachiopods

described from North America become known

this difference may not be so great. Recognition

of a rhodocrinitid, Aacocrinus, Sampsonocriims,

Cribanocrimis^ Dichocrinus, Dialutocrinus,

Litocrimts, Prininocrinus and Holcocrinus in the

Early Carboniferous and an acrocrinid and

scytalocrinid in the Late Carboniferous of Aust-

ralia strengthens the crinoid affinities with North

America and Europe. Aacocrtnus, Cribanocrinus

and Prininocrinus were restricted to North

America and Diahitocrinus to Europe (Lane &

Sevastopulo, 1987, 1992).

Ranges for Lower Carboniferous crinoid genera

were given in Lane & Sevastopulo ( 1 987, 1 992),

and the differences in the ranges between North

America and Europe were noted along with first

and last occurrences. They also pointed out that,

although some differences in ranges and origins

and extinctions were noted, most were relatively

minor and perhaps the result of better definition

of the North American genera and sampling

artifacts. All of the Australian crinoid genera that

are known from North America and Europe are of

Tournaisian age, although some of the genera

range into the Visean or younger in North

America or Europe (Lane & Sevastopulo, 1987,

1990). These genera strongly support a late

Toumasian age for the Namoi Formation, Goonoo

Gonoo Mudstone, Dangarfield Formation and the

Malchi Formation as had been suggested by other

invertebrate fossils (Campbell & Bein, 1971;

among others).

Camerate crinoids, that evolved rapidly and

that are diverse and most abundant in North

America during the middle Tournaisian through

Visean, are the Rhodocrinitidae, Actino-

crinitidae, Batocrinidae, Coelocrinidae,

Dichocrinidae and Platycrinitidae (Lane & Sevas-

topulo, 1987). The Batocrinidae and Coelo-

crinidae are known only in North America, the

others are well represented in equivalent strata in

Europe and Russia. Except for the Batocrinidae

and Coelocrinidae these families are represented

in equivalent strata of eastern Australia, but

presently are known from fewer genera than in

Europe or North America.

Disparid (Allagecrinidae, Synbathoerinidae)

and poteriocrinid (Poteriocrinitidae, Scytalo-

crinidae, Graphiocrinidae) crinoids are

represented in the Early Carboniferous Austral-

ian faunas by I or 2 genera each. These families

are represented in North America and Europe by

several genera and underwent rapid divers-

ification during the Early Carboniferous (Lane &

Sevastopulo, 1990).

Flexible crinoids are represented by 2 poorly

preserved specimens assigned to taxocrinid and

sagenocrinid species. Both of these groups are

common in the Early Carboniferous of Europe

and North America, and they are known in Russian

and Chinese faunas (Lane & Sevastopulo, 1 990).

Late Carboniferous crinoids in a Westphalian

horizon in the Neerkol Formation the Aero-

crinidae, Euspirocrinidae and Scytalocrinidae.

The Aerocrinidae range from Tournaisian into

the Stephanian. Although known from the Early

Carboniferous of North America, Europe and

Russia, in the Late Carboniferous they are known

only from North America where they underwent

a rapid diversification (Moore &Strimple, 1969).

Euspirocrinids are most common in the

Ordovician and Silurian, waning thereafter. They

are represented in North America by Parisocrimts

and Zygotocrinus in the Early Carboniferous. The

discovery of euspirocrinids in Australia in the

Late Carboniferous and Permian (Webster & Jell,

this volume) extends their geographic and strati-

graphic range. Scytalocrinids are common in

Early and Late Carboniferous deposits world-

wide.

If all of the reported Early Carboniferous marine

fossil occurrences are plotted on biogeographic

[Begin Page: Page 239]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRJNOIDS

239

reconstructions, such as Bambach (1990), they

lie between 45° N and S latitudes, mostly within

30° of the palaeoequator (Campbell & McKellar,

1969). The faunas are equatorial belt organisms

and not truly cosmopolitan (Bambach, 1990). On

recent plate reconstructions of Early Carbonif-

erous biogeographic regions (Bambach, 1990)

Australia is located on the E edge of what was

becoming Pangea. Thus, the Australian crinoid

faunas evolving in basins along the W border of

Panthalassa in the Tournaisian and Visean were

well away from the European and North

American faunas on the N and W sides of the

continental masses, although still in the equator-

ial belt. A developing Tcthys lay to the N and W

of the Australian plate. Migration routes and sites

of origin are uncertain for many genera at this

time (Lane & Sevastopulo, 1987, 1990).

By Westphalian time the Yarrol Shelf of east-

central Queensland was between 55° and 60°S

latitude. The crinoid fauna of the Neerkol Form-

ation on the Yarrol shelf is the only higher

latitude, cooler water, non-equatorial belt fauna

known from the Late Carboniferous. The 2

species of acrocrinids in this fauna show greatest

affinity with correlative taxa in the midcontinent

of North America described by Moore & Strimple

(1969). The euspirocrinids (Kopriachnus gen.

nov., Neerkolocrinus gen. nov.) are an extension

of the family into the Late Carboniferous, and the

scytalocrinid (Phninochnus) is an extension of a

genus previously known from the Early Carbonif-

erous of NW Canada.

SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY

Crinoid teminology follows Moore & Teichert

(1978), with columnal patterns after Webster

(1974). Measurements are given as: length,

parallel to the central axis; width, transverse to,

but never cutting or joining the central axis; and

depth or thickness, normal to and may join the

central axis. Curvature of the cup walls, plate

circlets within the cup and fixed brachials are

referred to as: incurved if distally bending

toward, vertical if parallel to, weakly to strongly

flaring if bending away from and horizontal if

perpendicular to the central axis.

Material collected by us came from localities

entered in the Queenland Museum Locality

Register (QML) and is curated in the Queensland

Museum Palaeontological Collection (QMF).

Other palaeontological collections referred to are

indicated by the following prefixes: Geological

Survey of Queensland, Brisbane (GSQ); Geol-

ogical Survey of New South Wales, Lidcombe

(MM); Australian National University (ANU)

and Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS). Local-

ities are in Queensland unless otherwise noted.

Subclass CAMERATA Wachsmuth & Springer,

1885

Order DIPLOBATHRIDA

Moore & Laudon, 1943

Superfamily RHODOCRINITOIDEA

Roemer, 1855

Family RHODOCR1NIT1DAE Roemer, 1855

Rhodocrinitid gen. nov.

(Fig. IF)

MATERIAL. QMF38955, QMF38956, locality and

horizon unknown, probably Tournaisian Namoi

Formation, NSW. Collected by GM, Philip.

DESCRIPTION. Crown small, 14.3mm long,

5.7mm wide, amis gently splayed. Cup bowl

shaped, 5.1mm long, 5.0mm wide, moderately

coarse stellate ray ornament, plates moderately

inflated. Infrabasals 3?, small, confined to

shallow basal cavity. Basals 5?, hexagonal,

1.9mm long, L7mm wide, proximally forming

base of cup, distally forming base of cup wall,

strongly convex transversely and longitudinally.

Radials 5?, heptagonal, 1.5mm long, 1.7mm

wide, strongly convex transversely and longi-

tudinally. Primibrach I hexagonal, 1.1mm long,

1.2mm wide. Primibrach 2 axillary, heptagonal,

1.1mm long, 1.2mm wide. Secundibrach 1 at-

tached to calyx; secundibrach 2 free. All tree

brachials uniserial, veiy thick, proximally recti-

linear, distally cuneate, narrow, strongly convex

transversely, straight longitudinally, with slender

pinnule on long side. Secundibrach 4 axillary, no

further branching. Arms branching isotomously,

4 in exposed ray, 20 total if all rays branch

uniformly. One pinnule per brachial. Pinnulars

very slender, elongate, with longitudinal angular

ridge, longer than brachials. Interradial series

1-2-2-2-tegmen plates. Tegmen and anals unknown.

Stem circular in section, homeomorphic, prox-

imal columnal 0.8mm in diameter. Lumen small,

circular; crenularium narrow; latus gently convex.

REMARKS. The crown (Fig, IF) is flattened

with one ray central and part of a second ray along

the right side of the specimen. The interray is

well-developed, narrowing at the distal end but

leaving an obvious gap between the rays at the

summit of the fixed amis.

The brachials resemble those of a 4-armed

dichocrinid or a primitive poteriocrinitid such as

Liparocrimts. Most rhodocrinitids have biserial

[Begin Page: Page 240]

240

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

/3

~S^^~*

f«
1'

rrii

/W-

FIG. 1 . A-K. Actinocrinites sp. 1 . A, A ray view of partial calyx QMF38927 x 1 .6. B, lateral view of distorted

partial calyx QMF38932 x2.5. C, B ray view of partial calyxQMF38930 x 1 .6. 1). exteriorview of abraded calyx

plates QMF38933 x2.2. E s lateral view of partial theca and legmen with long anal tube QMF38928 x2.5. F.

Rhodocrinitid gen. nov.. lateral view of crown QMF38955 x4.8.

amis or the mnserial brachials, a primitive coudit- brandling pattern is slightly advanced as most

ion, are very wide. rhodocrinitids branch on the 2nd secundibrach

The stellate ornament, although known in and then again on the 6th tertibrach or higher and
rhodocrinitids. such as Diamenocrinus and commonly branch one or more times at a higher

Rhodocrinites, is not common. The arm level. The unfigurcd specimen (QMF38956) is

[Begin Page: Page 241]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

241

crushed, the orientation is uncertain, plate

relationships are masked and the ornamentation

is only partially preserved.

The specimens may represent a new genus,

judged to belong to the rhodocrinitids, but

without exposure of the anals, neither specimen

is adequate to serve as a holotype. They are

associated on a small slab with a scytalocrinid?

indeterminate and Diehocrimis cf. D. laudoni.

Order MONOBATHRIDA

Moore & Laudon, 1 943

Superfamily PERJECHOCRINOIDEA Bronn,

1849
Family ACTINOCRINITIDAE Austin &

Austin, 1842

REMARKS. Actinocrinitids arc among the most

common elements in most major Tournaisian or

Visean faunas although Visean actocrinitids are

relatively rare in Europe. Moore & Laudon ( 1 943)

recognised that the actinocrinitids were derived

from the periechocrinids and Brower (1967)

subdivided them into 4 sections, which were

recognised as subfamilies by Ubaghs (in Moore

& Tei chert, 1 978). Brower ( 1 967) also consider-

ed the possibility that Actinocrinites might be

polyphyletic and Campbell & Bein( 1971), noting

the differences in the arm structure, considered

the Eumorphocrininae to be polyphyletic.

Webster Sl Lane (1987) expanded Ubaghs's (in

Moore & Tei chert, 1978) key to identification of

the genera of the Actinocrinitidae to include taxa

introduced between 1978 and 1987.

We recognise that the present classification

needs revision and does not reflect the phytogeny

of a family that is considered polyphyletic. A

systematic revision of the Actinocrinitidae would

require inclusion of the Periechocrinidae and is

beyond the scope of this study. We continue to

use the present classification for convenience,

noting the general morphologic relationships of

the taxa described for future reference.

Identification of genera of the Actinocrinitidae

is difficult based on fragmentary thecae or

calyces in which the tegmen or distal ends of the

protruded arm lobes are absent. Fragmentary

material commonly does not provide information

about the shape of the calyx which is important in

the present classification. The presence or

absence of an anal tube is recognised as the major

difference between Aacocrinus and

Diatorocrimis. Without the distal ends of the

protruded amis, it may be impossible to tell the

number of amis per ray, which is the major

difference between Actinocrinites and

Aacocrinus. In some instances the number and

type of free arms may be needed, such as

Cytidocrinus and Manillacrinus.

Subfamily ACTINOCRINITINAE Austin &

Austin, 1 842

Actinocrinites Miller, 1821

TYPE SPECIES. Actinocrinites triacontadactyhis Miller,

1 82 1 from the Tournaisian Mountain Limestone, England;

by subsequent designation of Wachsmuth & Springer,

1881.

REMARKS. Actinocrinites is thought to have

evolved from a periechocrinid in the Late

Devonian or Early Carboniferous (Moore &

Laudon, 1 943) and was exceedingly abundant in

the Tournaisian of North America and Europe

declining in the Visean. Actinocrinites has also

been reported in the Early Carboniferous of Japan

(Minato, 1 95 1 ; Minato et al., 1 979), eastern Aust-

ralia (de Koninck, 1878, 1898; Etheridge, 1892;

Pickett, I960) and northern Africa (Termier &

Termier, 1 950). Webster & Lane ( 1 987) consider-

ed Silurian, Devonian and Permian species

(Bassler & Moodey, 1943) to be incorrectly

assigned to the genus. They also believed many

of the Carboniferous species to be synonyms;

there are 61 Carboniferous species currently

assigned to the genus (Webster, unpublished

data). Ausich & Kammer ( 1 99 1 ) placed 4 species

in synonomy, while establishing one new species,

in a morphometric and qualitative analysis of the

late Osagean and Meramecian Actinocrinites of

the Mississippian stratotype region. Additional

studies of this type should help resolve the

current taxonomic morass of the genus.

We consider the Australian species of Actino-

crinites described herein to be new species. They

are left in open nomenclature, because some

specimens are poorly preserved, unsuitable to

serve as holotypes and the taxonomy of Act-

inocrinites must be resolved to allow proper

comparisons.

Actinocrinites polydactylus Miller, 1821

Aotinacrimis polydactylus dc Koninck. 1878: 160, pi. 6, tig.

3. IS98: 122. pi. 6, fig, 5,

REMARKS. De Koninck (1 877, 1 898) described

an internal mould of a compressed calyx from

Glen William as A ctinocrimis polydactylus (sic).

The basal view of the specimen has a pentagonal

axillary second primibrach; it lacks the tegmen

and the ornamentation is unknown. The generic

assignment is questionable because the arms are

not grouped and protruded as in Actinocrinites.

[Begin Page: Page 242]

242
MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

Because the ornament is no l preserved, the

specific assignment is doubtful. It is possible that

the specimen is immature and belongs with

Actinocrinitid indct. described below.

Actinocrinkessp. 1

(Figs 1A-E. 2; Table 1)

MATERIAL. QMF38927-38935 1'rom QML508. late

Tonmaisian, Malchi Fonruition. All specimens cnished

during burial and plates leached b\ weathering; desenptu mi

based on latex casts. QMF38927, calyx oriented \\ itli basal

circlet centred; 1 1 and A ra\ s show seciindibrachs, B ray

shows proximal tertibrachs. QMF38928, distal part of

theca. legmen and anal tube. QMF38929-38933, calyces

with proximal tertibrachs. QMF38934, partial calyx, base

up. QMF38935, partial calyx, on side. GSQF10866 and

1 3489 from GSQ1 , K-2 1 . Vi'sean?, Caswell Creek ( iroup.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx medium sized; arms

grouped: tegmen highly arched with long slender

anal lube; all plates below tegmen inflated, with

prominent hexagonal stellate ridge ornament.

Basal circlet large, tripartite, horizontal prox-

imalh, widely flaring distally; base with large

circular stem facet with narrow crcnularium on

outer margin; base of stellate ridges at horizontal

to widely Oaring flexure. Radials 5. hexagonal,

large, subequai. moderately flared. Primanal large,

in radial circlet; distal anals unknown. Primi-

braclis 2; first primibrach hexagonal, adjoined on

each side by 2 interprimibrachs; second primi-

brachaxillaiy, heptagonal. adjoined laterally by 2

interprimibrachs on each side. Seciindibrachs 2-4.

normally 2. Tertibrachs biserial and free above

2nd tertibrach. Interbrachial scries 1-2-3 or 4 -?.

Minimum 6 amis per ray. where free. Intersecundi-

brachs not common rarely lor series 1-1. Tegmen

moderately high, mam small to intermediate

inflated ambulacra! and interambulacral plates;

ambulacral plates slightly larger and elevated

above interambulacral plates, with rounded to

irregular central nodes. Anal tube projecting

above tegmen. with distal anal opening, slender,

of alternating rectangular and larger hexagonal

plates in tiers, with hexagonal plates of one tier

interlock above and below with rectangular

plates of adjacent tiers; considerable variability

in plate size, extra plates inserted to compensate.

Stellate ridges 4 (2 on either side of sutures to

adjacent basal, inner 2 merging at centre of

radial) or 5 (from centre of each basal plate)

extend from basal circlet to radials and anal. 3 or

4 ridges continue onto primibrachs with ray ridge

largest; 3 or4 subhorizontal ridges from radials to

adjacent radials or anal, central ridge largest; 3

subhorizontal cross ridges from 1st primibrach to

TABLE \ . Actinocrinites sp. 1 measurements (mm).

* = incomplete or crashed.

38927

38031

38928

Calyx diametei :

34.5

Thecal length (estimated)

2^

58.0

1 (1 circlet diameter
99

11.1*

srclet length

36

4.0

Radial length

6.3

10.8

Radial width

8.6

11.7

First primibrach length

5.9

First primibrach width

66

S.4*

Second primibrach length

3.3

6.0

Second primibrach width

5.5

"

First secundibrach length

7.5
ecundibrach width

6.6

Stem facet diameter

3.7

3.5

nen length*

15.5

Anal tube length*

15.8

Anal tube diameter

6.3

1st interprimibrach or 2nd anal, central ridge

largest: 3 diagonal ridges from radials to 1st

interprimibrachs. central ridge largest; subhoriz-

ontal and diagonal ridges continue onto 2nd tier

of interprimibrachs; lateral ridges merge across

plates to form small triangles at apices of plate

junctions; triple ridges continue on interprimi-

brachs to tegmen; single ridge continues on

seciindibrachs. tertibrachs, and inlcrsecundibrachs;

distally ridges grading into discontinuousaligned

nodes or decrease in number in some interna} s.

Stem circular transversely, heteromorphic; nodi-

taxis N323 1 323 1 323 1323. Columnals much shorter

than wide: latus convex: lumen large, circular:

arliculum with narrow crcnularium. slightly

narrower areola and narrower spaliuin: nodals

ma\ bear short spines between cirral facets.

REMARKS. Actinocrinites sp. 1 differs from. V?

sp. 3 by having more complex stellate ornament-

ation. The ornament of A? sp. 3 consists of

inflated ossicles with apical pits and single stel-

late ridges that are confined to the impressed

sutures, not expressed as ridges across the

inflated surface. Actinocrinites sp. 2 lacks thecal

plate ornament except for impressed sutures and

apical pits. The 3 species suggest a progression

from unridged to complex stellate ornament . This

is not an lineage as . I. sp. 1 and A.l sp. 3 occur

together in the Rockhampton Group, whereas . I.

sp. 2 occurs Lnthe younger Caswell Creek Group.

Both single and complex stellate ridge ornaments

arc developed in Actinocrinites and Wachsmuth

& Springer (1897) included specimens of both

[Begin Page: Page 243]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

243

Mu 2. Actinocrinites sp. l.A,

lateral view, ray uncertain,

partial calyx QMl 38935

.3 5 B, basal view rays

uncertain, of partial calyx

QMF38934 -2. C, Lateral

view. ra\ uncertain, partial

calyx GSQF13489 x2. D,

lateral view of partial calw

QMF38929 x2. E, lateral

\ lew of partial calw

QMK3S931 -1.7. V. lateral

view, ray uncertain, partial

ftiecaGSQF10866 <2.

[Begin Page: Page 244]

244

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

types in species such as A. muliiradiaius

(Shumard. 1858) andA verrucosus (Hall 1858).

Single and multiple stellate ridge ornaments are

also present in other actinocrinitids and other

camerate families. The widespread occurrence

and possible repeated development of these

features suggest that it is a functional ornament.

Brower (1967) suggested that actinocrinitids

may be polyphylctically derived from the

periechocrinids. many of which have the single

or multiple stellate ridge ornament. The dimero-

crinitids are pericchocrinoids with infrabasals and

should also be considered as possibly ancestral to

the actinocrinitids. How ever, origin of the actino-

crinitids is beyond the scope of this study.

A pluricolumnal and disarticulated columnal at

the base of the calyx on the slab with QMF38929

arc included in A. sp. 1 , as they have the identical

articular facet as that of the calyx A 12.3mm

diameter encrusting holdfast with a round

articular facet (3.7mm diameter) bearing a

central depression and large circular lumen

impression is on this same slab and may belong to

an immature . tctinocrinites sp. I .

This description is based on QMF38927, 38928

mid 3893 1 . with variations noted from ouxrspecimcns.

Actinocrinitessp. 2

(Figs3.4D)

MATERIAL. GSQF13490-13494 from GSQL3006,

early or middle Toumaisiaiu Neil's Creek Clastics.

DESCRIPTION. Caiyxbowl shaped. 20mm long

(estimated). 35mm wide (estimated), sutures

impressed; calyx plates inflated, without ribbing;

arms grouped, flaring with 1st primibrach;

legmen probably moderately inflated with anal

lube. Basals 3. equal, horizontal proxiinally.

flared distally. visible in side view of cup; basal

circlet diameter 8.4mm. Radials 5. heptagonal.

large. 6.9mm long. 7.6mm wide, moderately

flaring. Primanal hexagonal, in radial circlet;

anal scries: P-2-3-3 minimum, continuing onto

tegmen. First primibrach hexagonal. 5.4mm

long, 5.8mm wide, incurved slightly from radials.

Axillary 2nd primibrach heptagonal. adjoined

latetall) by 2 interray plates, ouiflaring distally.

First sccundibrach hexagonal, wider than long,

strongly outflaring. Axillary 2nd sccundibrach

pentagonal, wider than long, gently updating.

Arms free with first or 2nd tertibrach. Four arms

per ray. Interray scries: 1-2-3-2-?, extending onto

tegmen. Tegmen of many interambulacral plates.

1.7 long. 1.1 wide to 2 long. 2 wide. Numerous

ambulacra! plates increase in size towards anal

tube. 0.6 long. 0.6 wide to 1 .8 long. 1 .7 wide. Anal

tube subccntral Stem impression circular. 4mm

diameter.

REMARKS. GSQF 13490 consists of the internal

and partial external moulds of a theca. The

internal mould of the calyx is distorted slightly

along the D-AB axis, with the tegmen crushed

down into the viscera] cavity Ambulacra! track-

ways arc elevated above the interambulacral areas,

and the proximal part of the slightly eccentric

anal tube projects above the ambulacra! areas.

The tegmen would have been moderately

inflated. The external mould preserves the non-

stellate cha ractcrof the inflated plates of the basal

circlet, the B ray and adjacent parts of the

interray s on either side. GSQF 13493 is the

external mould of a calyx crushed along the

A-CD axis, retaining the basal circlet, radials.

primibrachs and parts of the interrays: the anal

series is lost. GSQF 1 3492 is an internal mould of

a part of the tegmen, showing growth lines on

some ossicles. The unnumbered specimen is an

external impression of a fragment of 2 rays and

the interray from the distal ends of the radials

through the 1st sccundibrachs. It would have

been the largest individual of the 5 specimens as a

primibrach is 10.3mm long and 10.9mm wide,

nearly twice the dimensions of the primibrach of

GSQF 13490. the most complete specimen.

GSQF1 349 1 is a crushed partial theca and GSQF-

1 3494 the external mould of a partial theca.

Actinocrinites? sp. 3

(Fig. 4E.F)

MATERIAL. QMF38936 and 38937. moulds of crushed

partial tfaecae from QML508, late ToumaisiarL Malchi

Formation.
DESCRIPTION. Calyx high, truncated, conical,

arms grouped, plate structure like Actinocrinites

sp. 1. lacking intcrsccundibrach plates: intcrprimi-

brach series 1-2-3-?. Anal series and tegmen

unknown. Minimum 4 arms per ray, inner facet

on axillary secundibrach wider than outer. Stem

facet circular; lumen circular; articuhun narrow.

areola more than twice width of articulum.

spalium intermediate width.

FIG 3. Actinocrinitessp. 2. A.B. B ray and D-F, interray view s of partial calyx GSQF 1 3493. C-E. B ray. internal

A-B interray and oblique internal tegmen view s of GSQF 1 3490. 1 '. lateral view of partial tegmen GSQF 1 3492.

G, interray view of partial calyx GSQF1 3494. All x2.

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NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

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,;

>

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246
MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

QMF38936: Calyx 25.5mm long (estimated);

basals 5.2mm long (estimated); radials 6.8mm

long, 7.4mm wide; 1st primibrach 5.1mm long,

6.0mm wide; 2nd primibrach 4.6mm long,

5.5mm wide. QMF38937: Basal circlet diameter

1 1 .8mm; basals 4.4mm long; radials 8.0mm long,

10.0mm wide; stem facet 4.5mm in diameter.

REMARKS. The lack of stellate ridge ornament

across the inflated calyx plates oiActinocrinitesI

sp. 3 is not an artifact of weathering or abrasion,

because the stem facets of the basal circlet and

broken proximal columnal of QMF38937 show

sharp detail of the culmina and crenellae of the

articulum and surfaces of the areola and spatium.

The generic assignment is questioned because

the tegmen is unknown.

Aacocrinus Bowsher, 1955

TYPE SPECIES. Aacocrinus nododorsalus Bowsher,

1955 from the KJnderhookian (Toumaisian) Chouteau

Limestone of Missouri: by original designation.

Aacocrinus acvlus sp. nov.

<Fig.4A-C)
ETYMOLOGY. Latin, acylus, acorn of the holm-oak;

refers to the acorn shape of the calyx.

MATERIAL HOLOTYPE: QMF38953. PARATYPE: QMF-

38954, external moulds of calyces from QML124S,

Toumaisian or possibly Visean Tellebang Limestone.

DIAGNOSIS. Calyx small, equidimensional; calyx

bowl shaped, with single stellate ridge ornament;

anus grouped, protruded, flare with axillary 2nd

primibrach; tegmen strongly arched, as long as

calyx; slightly eccentric anal tube; arms free with

tertibrachs, 4 arms per ray; stem facet circular.

DECRIPTION. Calyx small, equidimensional.

Calyx bowl shaped; coarse, single-ridge stellate

ornament. Basal circlet large, short, proximally

horizontal; large impressed circular stem facet,

distally upilared, forming base of walls, visible in

lateral view. Radials moderately large, strongly

convex longitudinally, moderately convex

transversely, forming majority of cup wall.

Primanal large, in radial circlet, series unknown;

1st primibrach and 1st interprimibrach

subvertical, forming distal part of cup wall.

Axillary 2nd primibrach widely flared, lacking

stellate ridge ornament; 2nd secundibrach

axillary; 4 arms per ray; arms free with

tertibrachs. Tegmen strongly arched, as long as

calyx, formed of orals, three series of ambulacrals

and interambulacrals; all plates nodose,

commonly with large blunt nodes. Anal tube

narrow, slightly eccentric, formed of medium-

sized strongly nodose to blunt spined plates. Free

arms and stem unknown.

REMARKS. Silicification of the siltstone to fine

grained sandstone external moulds of Aacocrinus

acylus obliterated cup plate sutures except those

of the basal circlet. Sutures of the brachials

commencing with the 2nd primibrach and

tegmen plates are well preserved. The stellate

ridge ornament is rounded, vague, but obvious.

QMF38953 is slightly crushed from compaction

and oriented on its side, whereas QMF38954

does not appear to be crushed and is oriented

obliquely on its side with nearly all of the tegmen

covered. Neither specimen shows the anal series.

The generic assignment is based on the plate

arrangement and shape of the calyx.

Aacocrinus acylus belongs to the 20-armed

group of the genus and has a bowl-shaped calyx,

whereas all other species of the genus have a

more conical shape. The tegmen has third-order

ambulacrals that Brower (1967) noted as the

difference between 10- and 20-armed species.

Both A. tetradactylus Brower, 1967 and A.

chouteauensis (Miller, 1 892), the other 20-armed

species, have longer thecae, shorter tegmens and

strongly eccentric anal openings.

Aacocrinus acylus is the first report of the

genus outside the United States. Brower ( 1967)

noted that all identified species are from the

Kinderhookian of the midcontinentofthe United

States, but he also recognised an unnamed

Osagean form from the same area. Webster &

Lane ( 1 987) reported an early Osagean specimen

from the Anchor Limestone of southern Nevada.

Aacocrinus sp. 1

(Figs 5A-G, 6B-H)

MATERIAL. QMF38938-38944. latex moulds of crushed

partial thecae from QML508, late Toumaisian, Malchi

Formation. GSQF 10865, 10867, 10868 and !0871aandb,

from GSQL K-2 1 , Visean? Caswell Creek Group.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx medium sized; arms

grouped; tegmen highly arched with one row of

plates forming anal tube; all plates below tegmen

inflated with prominent hexagonal single ridge

FIG. 4. A-C, Aacocrinus acylus sp. nov. A.B. basal and lateral views of paratype, QMF38954 x2.6. C, lateral view

of hololypc theca, QMF38953 x2.6. D/Actinacrinitessp, 2. posterior interray view of GSQF 13491 xl.6. K,l\

ictinocrinitesl sp. 3. E. basal view of partial calyx QMF38936 x2. F, lateral view of partial theca QMF38937

x2.

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NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

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mW

&A

V' 1

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248

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

stellate ornament. Basal circlet large, tripartite,

horizontal proximally, upflared distally; base

with large circular stem facet with narrow

crenularium on outer margin; fluting at base

stellate ridges at horizontal to upflared flexure.

Radials 5. hexagonal, large, subequal dimensions

variable, upflared. Primanal large, in radial

circlet; distal anals unknown. Primibrachs 2; 1st

primibrach hexagonal, adjoined on each side by 2

interprimibrachs; 2nd primibrach axillary,

heptagonal, adjoined laterally by 2 interprimi-

brachs on each side. Secundibrachs 2.

Tertibrachs becoming biserial and free after 2nd

tertibrach. lnterbrachial series 1-2-3-4-tegmen.

Tegmen high, formed of many small to

intermediate sized inflated ambulacral and

interambulacral plates; ambulacral plates slightly

larger and with circular to irregular central nodes,

elevated above interambulacral plates. Anal

opening projecting above tegmen with single row

of plates.

Stellate ornamentation of elevated sharp ridges;

double and single ridge from basals onto radials

and primanal, single ridges on all calyx plates

thereafter; double ridge along basal sutures

merging at centre of radials to continue as ray

ridge; ray ridges largest, subhorizontal and

diagonal ridges smaller. Occasional additional

accessory node or very short ridge on radials or

1st intcrprimibrach. Minimum 4 amis per ray,

inner facet on axillary secundibrach wider than

outer. Stem facet large, circular; lumen large,

circular to subpentagonal; articuluin narrow,

areola more than twice width of articulum,

spatium intermediate width.

QMF38938: Calyx 26mm long (est.); basal

circlet diameter 10mm, 5.3mm long; radials

7.6mm long, 8.3mm wide; 1st primibrach 6.4mm

long, 6.4mm wide; 2nd primibrach 5.7mm long,

6.7mm wide; proximal columnal 5.2mm in

diameter.

REMARKS. This description is based on QMF-

38938,38941 and 38942 and GSQF10867. Other

specimens are included in this taxon because they

have the same type of plate ornament. The single

stellate ridge ornament results in a less intricate

ridge pattern on the calyx. The wider facets on the

inner axillary secundibrachs suggest additional

branching of the arms, which would result in 6

arms per ray. Known species of Aacocrinus have

2-4 arms per ray. whereas most species of

Actinocrinites have 6 arms per ray and an anal

tube of variable length.

Aacocrinus sp. 1 differs from A. acylus by

having a longer, more conical cup and calyx, and

a longer tegmen. The tegmen is formed of more

numerous plates than any of the American

species of the genus and is more similar to that of

Actinocrinites. Aacocrinus sp. 1 is considered a

new species but all specimens arc incomplete and

unsuitable to serve as a holotype.

Manillacrinus Campbell & Bein, 1971

TYPE SPECIES. Cactocrinus? brownei Dun & Benson.

1920 from the Namoi Formation, NSW; by original

designation.

REMARKS. Manillacrinus was incorrectly

included in the Eumorphocrininae by Ubaghs (in

Moore & Teichert, 1978) and Webster & Lane

( 1 987) as they did not recognise the arm grouping

of M. brownei (Campbell & Bein, 1971, pi. 50,

figs 1, 2, 6, 7) and no mention was made in the

original descriptions about the arms grouped and

protruded, a character of the Actinocrinitinae.

Manillacrinus is distinguished from other genera

of the Actinocrinitinae by the biserial ramules

given off the outer sides of the 2 uniserial arm

trunks of each ray.

Manillacrinus brownei (Dun & Benson, 1920)

(Figs5H 5 6A)

Winus? brownei Dun & Benson, 1920: 342. pi. 19. lig. I.

Manillacrinus brownei (Dun & Benson); Campbell & Bein.

1971 : 427. pi. 50. figs 1-7; text-fig. 7.

MATERIAL. QMF38945, an external mould of a partial

theca, fromQML508, late Touxnaisian, Malchi Formation.

GSQF13495 from GSQL3012, late Tournaisian Malchi

Fonnation. external mould of partial theca.

RE MARKS. Manillacrinus brownei has pro-

truded grouped arms; sharply elevated, centrally

inflated, single ridge, stellate ornament; and 2

ramule-bearing arms per ray. The 2 ramule-

bearing arms, combined with the protruded

grouped arms, are the most diagnostic characters

of the genus. The single ridge stellate ornament

of M. brownei is not unique to the genus, but the

stellate intersecundibrach plate is not common in

actinocrinitids. Also, the stellate ridges continue

FIG. 5. A-G. Aacocrinus sp. 1 . A. lateral view of partial calyx QMF38939 x 1 .7. B, lateral view of partial calyx

QMF38938 x 1 .6. C, lateral view of partial calyx QMF38943 x4. D, interray view of partly disarticulated calyx

QMF38942 x2.6. E, view of crushed theca QMF38944 x2.6. F, view of basal circlet and stem facet QMF3894 1

x4.2. G, basal view of partial calyx QMF38940 x3.6. H, Manillacrinus brownei (Dun & Benson, 1920), basal
view of partial calyx GSQF 13495 xl

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NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRIN01DS

24 l )

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250

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

without significant decrease in development to

the base of the tegmen. The partial calyx

GSQF 1 3495 is a basal circlet with one ray to the

secundibrachs and proximal parts of 2 other rays.

It is assigned to M. brownei because the stellate

ornament is so sharp and the ridges are centrally

inflated and highly elevated. It also has the

double ridges from the basal circlet to 2 of the

radials. The 2nd specimen QMF38945 is the

distal .part of a calyx with the stellate ridged

intersccundibrach in both rays.

IVlanillacrinus acanthus sp. nov.

(Figs 7, 8)
ETYMOLOGY. Greek acanthus, spine; referring to the

short thorns on some of the ambulacra) plates of the

tegmen.

MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: MMF33605. PARATYPES:

MMF3343 1 and 33606; other specimens MMF33435 and

AMSF65556, all from the late Toumaisian Namoi Fonn-

ation, near Barraba, NSW.

DIAGNOSIS. Ambulacral plates with 1 or 2

short blunt spines midway between free arms and

anal tube; calyx high conical.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx 62.3mm long; 30.2-

50.6mm wide, (40.4mm average), widest at base;

tegmen high, conical; plates tumid; apical pits on

calyx; multiple stellate ridge ornament to base

tegmen; arms grouped, distinctively protruded;

tegmen high arched; short central anal tube.

Basal circlet tripartite, 9mm long, 12.7mm wide

(average), proximally concave, with circular

stem facet, distally strongly upflared. Radials 5,

septagonal, 12.5mm long. 11.3mm wide,

concave to convex longitudinally, moderately

convex transversely. Primanal 10.1mm long,

8.6mm wide, gently convex longitudinally,

moderately convex transversely, in radial circlet;

anal series P-2-3-4-4-tegmen. First primibrach

hexagonal, 7.9mm long, 9.0mm wide, moderately

convex longitudinally and transversely, adjoined

laterally by 2 ilBrr on each side. Axillary 2nd

primibrach septagonal, 5.1mm long, 8.2mm

wide, straight to slightly concave longitudinally,

moderately convex transversely, adjoined on

outer side by 2 intcrprimibrachs. First sec-

undibrach pentagonal, 3.4mm long, 4.8mm wide,

longitudinally concave, moderately flaring

outward, convex transversely. Axillary 2nd

secundibrach pentagonal, 2.5mm long, 5.3mm

wide, straight to gently convex longitudinally.

convex transversely, widely flaring outward.

First and 2nd tertibrachs fixed in calyx, amis free

thereafter. Interprirnibrach series 1-2-3-2-tegmen;

plates convex longitudinally and transversely.

decreasing in size distally, last row incurved.

Single intersccundibrach octagonal, elongate, with

short proximal and distal facets. Multiple stellate

ridge ornament of 4-5 ridges from basals to

radials, decreasing to single ridge thereafter,

continuing to secundibrachs in rays and to tegmen

on interbrachs. Tegmen plates large, tumid. Ambu-

lacral plates elevated above interambulacrals, 1

or 2 midway between free arms and anal tube

bearing short blunt spines. Anal tube subcentral,

formed of 2 rows of polygonal plates. Stem circular;

proximal facet 9.5mm diameter (average), with

narrow crenularium. Free arms unknown.

REMARKS. Manillacrinus acanthus is distin-

guished from M. brownei by the spines on the

tegmen and the much more conical theca. The

adult specimen is much larger than adult M.

brownei.

Measurements were taken on the holotype,

which is crushed normal to the BC-D plane.

Paratype MMF3343 1 lacks the tegmen. Paratype

MMF33606 lacks the basal circlet and the teg-

men is crushed into the visceral cavity, but the

spines on the ambulacral plates arc well-preserved.

The stellate ridge ornament is poorly preserved

on the types but is recognised best on paratype

MMF3343 1 . MMF33435 is abnormal with both

the A and B radials followed by 4 primibrachs.

The distal parts of the calyx are missing and the

distal relationship of the ray and interray plates is

unknown. AMSF65556 lacks the basal circlet,

but the two radials and next distal plates have

well-preserved stellate ridge ornament.

Sampsonocrinus Miller & Gurley, 1895

TYPE SPECIES. Sampsonocrinus hemisphericus Miller

& Gurley, 1895 from the Chouteau Limestone, Missouri;

by original designation.

REMARKS. Sampsonocrinus is distinguished from

Actinocrinites by having a lower, more bowl-

shaped cup. relatively larger basals and radials

and only 4 arms per ray. Sampsonocrinus is a

FIG. 6. A, Manillacrinus brownei (Dun & Benson, 1920), lateral view of partial calyx QMF38945 xl.8. B-H,

Aacocrinus sp. 1 . B, lateral view of base of partial calyx GSQF1087 lb x2. C-G, B ray, oral, posterior views of

tegmen, interior B ray and summit oblique of interior of tegmen of GSQF 10867 *2. H. lateral view of partial

theca GSQF 1 0868x2,

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251

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252

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

FIG. 7. Manillacrimis acanthus sp. nov. A,B, A-E interray and posterior views of paratype MMF3343 1 . lacking
teamen x 1 .7. C,D 9 C ray and A ray views of holotype MMF33605 xll.

Tournaisian genus, previously reported from the

United States. United Kingdom records are now

excluded from the genus (George Sevastopulo

pers. comm.) This is the first report of the genus

in Australia.

Sampsonocrinus cannindahensis sp. nov.

(Fig. 9)

ETYMOI -OGY From Old Canmndah.

MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: GSQF10864, external and

interna] mould of calyx from GSQL K-2L Visean?

Caswell Creek Group. PARATYPE: QMF17784. internal

mould of cup. Collected by C. W. De Vis (no. 649).

DIAGNOSIS. Cup low; broad, with blunt spines

or coarse nodes on each of the tegmen plates.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx low bowl-shaped. 19.6mm

long (incomplete). 39.8mm wide; plates inflated,

bulbous; sharp simple stellate ridge ornament

continuous across sutures on all adjacent plates

below tegmen; tegmen moderately inflated; arms

grouped, projecting sub horizontally. Basal

circlet 4.0mm long (estimated). 8.2mm diameter

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NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

25;

FIG. 8. Man iliac rums acanthus sp. nov., A-C. A ray

x 1 .2), oblique oral x 1 . 5 ) and posterior xl .5) view s o f

paralype MMF33606, lacking basal circlet and

tegmen crushed into the visceral cavity.

(internally). Radials 5, hexagonal. 4.8mm long

(internal), 7.3mm wide (internal), gently convex

longitudinally and transversely, widely out-

flared. Primanal heptagonal. large, in line with

radials; anal series P-2-3-3-2-tegmen. wide. First

interradial hexagonal. 5.7mm wide; series

1-2-3-2-tegmen. First primibrach pentagonal.

4. lmm long, 5.4mm wide. C ray 2nd primibrach

axillary, pentagonal. 3.0mm long. 3.6mm wide,

with distal tip curving outward toward sub-

hori/.ontal. Single secundibrach axillary, slightly

upflared. Anns free with 2nd tertibrach. 4 arms

per ray. 20 anus if brandling uniform. Tegmen

plates relatively small, strongly inflated into

short blunt spines. Orals 5. off centre toward anal

intcrray. larger than other tegmen plates, sur-

rounding anal opening at tegmen apex. No anal

tube. Ambulacral plates inflated more than inter-

ambuiacraJs with short blunt spines. Stem and

free arms unknown.

REMARKS. The holotype internal mould is

slightly distorted along the D-AB axis; weather-

ing destroyed most of the external mould of the

cup. Ambulacral grooves were elevated above

the interambulacral areas, distally merging with

them toward the centre of the tegmen. and the

eccentric anal tube projected above the tegmen

surface. The short calyx of the paratype is crushed

inward concentrically around the basal circlet

and the tegmen is not exposed.

Dialutocrinus Wright. 1955

TYPF SPFCIFS. DiahitocnmtsnnlleriWmhl 1955 Irom

the Tonmaisian ol" I England; by original designation.

Dialutocrinus? sp.

(Fig. 10 A-C)

MATERIAL. QMF33864, a partial calyx, from the

Viseaii? Caswell Creek Group, 7, 1 km NF of Monto, on

lull on side of road; 24°5 1 '6"S, 1 5 1 °9] 7 54"E. Collected by

Paul Tiemey.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx 19.1mm long. 36.3mm

wide, conical, with concave sides, with single

ridge stellate ornament. Arms very weakly

grouped, slightly portruded. Basal circlet 2.5mm

long, 11.1mm wide, flat proximally. widely

flaring distally. circular stem impression in basal

impression. Radials 5. 7.2mm long and wide,

heptagonal. moderately bulbous. Primanal small-

er than radials. 6.5mm long, 5.5mm wide,

moderately bulbous. Anal scries P:2:3:4:?. con-

nected with tegmen. First primibrach hexagonal.

3.9mm long. 6.0mm wide, bulbous, slightly con-

cave longitudinally. Axillary 2nd primibrach

heptagonal. 3.8mm long. 6.2mm wide, slightly

convex longitudinally and transversely. Inter-

primibrach series 1:2:3:4:3:?. plates decrease in

size distally, forming moderately wide gap be-

tween arms at rim of calyx. First secundibrach

hexagonal. 3.1mm long. 4.7mm wide, weakly

flaring. Axillary 2nd secundibrach pentagonal.

2.8mm long. 4.4mm wide, weakly flaring. Inter-

sccundibrach series 1:1. Minimum 2 tertibrachs.

Anns not free until 3rd tertibrach or 1 st quartibrach.

Probably 8 arms per ray. Stem circular transverse-

ly. 4.3mm diameter proximally.

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254

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

I1G 9.^,7//^^

internal mould of teletype, GSQF 1 0864 x2. E, B-C mterray view of internal mould of paratype, QMF 1 7784

•*• i .o.

REMARKS. The specimen lacks the tegmen and in the DE interray and adjacent parts of (he D and

free amis, and has been slightly distorted by E rays. The specimen is questionably assigned to

compaction of the cup into the fixed brachials. Dialutocrimisbzcause it has 2 sccundibrachsand

Plates are recry stallised and the stellate ornament the free arms are unknown. The type species. D.

is nearly lost except on the lower 2 rows of plates milleri Wright, 1 955, has a single secundibrach

[Begin Page: Page 255]

NFAY \ VRBONI : H
be inner arm branches repeatedly ibovt the

axilla h; the nutpr urn rem

unbranchcd 'I he wide inierpnmibrach series

( I •2-3-4-3-'.'), -i-v ci] , ii. cralyx

shape tup plai i and ofnamentatio

V ?sp agreeswitbZ), mrV/erf. The specimen i

rcpnescni a geographical variant

Actinocrinitid lndcf

(Fjg.lOD.E)

J | <]:•< b. T

..,.,.-..,,, I i: i ..| " - ti J !

. | | i 'i \- I

MATPR1AI A.MSF27094 and 2HW (pari and \» i

port), locality uncertain within the Utirencetow

•-! oK'huvi. Llfi Glen William Rd, NSW

RIPTTl I , y 56mm wide

i impleto crashed:) Ba
mm i i i^tei pniniiTuI). widely flaring. Radials

, 2L3mm long. 21.0mm wuh ti [OfiaL

yciiti*, convex longitudinal!) and nan '

upflared. Fust primihrach onal, 16.8mm

17 4mm wide. gcmly CQDVCX longitud-

mall y and transversely, upflared Axillary 2nd

ich pentagonal. L2.7mm long, 15.5mm

wide festimated), concave longitudinally and u p >

i \\ Second secundibrach hexagonal 5.6tttm

loujgj iu.Jmm wide- hutrpriiTubracli series 1-2

Anal t tegmefl and stem unknown,

REMARKS. Both specimens are crushed thi I

Measurements WSTC made on j\MSF28389. I he

plates -.huw -I growth rings and are

I as very thin inferior I gea of the

plates are preserved as elevated walls mar]

the sutures. No ornamentation is preserved a !

exteriors were lost by Weathering, Plates of

13204, are weathered and leached, with the

remaining calciic very sofl and chalky, shew I

major growth rin .

Provenance of the ealyv is given as

t laren* clown, NSW. There are numerous I ;

of limestone within die Wootton Beds between

i Ilarencetown and Dungog < Ljshmund ei oL J 985 ).

Botti specimens probably derive from this an

ActmoL/intts sp. ind. of Ltheridge (1S92) is

probably from the same Tocalji) as the descried

material or the same horizon &om a nca

locality, preservation is similar. Lthendue t 1

reported specimens from the Carboniferous Miran

Limestone, ai t "ircenhills. Pater^on to DungogRoad.

PeriechocrhtUS indicator, from Carbomicrous

deposits at Chalky Gully, and Periechoerinus**

sp. ind from the i boniferous Miraii

I micstonc at Cneenhiiis. described In Rtheri

(1892.p m 7! nl.::jig.4:tex!-ng/i)ma\alM.

i of the material described

Neithei oi the I •. h* h mar- specimens are quite

. bill they have simihu plaic strut

l i rmci is preserved in I he same 111:1:1

il all of the

peeifie, the specific name indicator wi\\ have

enus is specified.

Family DICHOCRINIDAE S. A- Miller, 1889

Subfamily dk:hocrininal s.a. Miller, 1889

Bichocrinas Minister. 183 I

type srecu

from the Eartj CBriwriHemus nJ Cjermany^ hy monoivp.

Dichocrinus a. D. laudoni Broadheod, i

(Pig. II)

MATERIA I --liuy and horizon in

mkrin i ;jan Kamoi i orn

1 OlICi I vl Pllihp

DLSCKIPTIUN I. 12.6mm I

(incomplete), {j.Omitl wide, expanding gently

upward Cup sieeplv conical, 7.2mm lone

5.1mm ttidc, smooth, onornamented. Basal

circlet bipartite, steeply up flared, visible in side

view, 4.2mm long, 2.6mm wide. Radials 5,

nn) lhan wide (2.6mm). expanded

gently Jisially. Radial facet angustaiv, projecting

slightly i moulders o\' radial Anal nor

exposed. Brachials Wrongly convex tnmsvcv I

straight longitudinally, rectilinear Second primi-

hraeh axillary, isuiomous branching, no distal

branching on preserved secundibraehs; 10

serial arms if branching same in all rays. Stem

hcicromorpriic proximal)}' (noditaxis pattern

N) ). horncomorphic distally. Columnals circular

transversely, diameter L5mm proxmially; latuv

I .ierately convex.

REMARKS. This small crown is flattened m Ihc

anterior-posterior plane of symmetry. Brachials

at thel i die arms are slightly disarticulated

from the radials. The conical cup with the basals

king up hall the cup wall. 10 arms and

umscnal proximal brachials are all primitive

ires in Dk'hocrihUS, The specimen is similar

to D, Ltihiom\ but the stern doc-: not taper away

from the cup as it does on the holotype of D.

hudont i Broadhead. 1981, pL 2. fig. 8). Taper ui'

the stem may be a variable feature as the paratype

(Broadhe M, pi. 2, fig 6) and o\

specimens (Webster, |997»pl 2. figs 5, l(»)dt>nui

shpw as slrung a taper. Distally; the brachials o|

[Begin Page: Page 256]

256

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

FIG 1 0. A-C Dialutocrimtsl sp._ basal. B ray. and I )-E

tiUerray views of clayx QMF33864 kI.8. D a E,

Actinocrinitid indet. D, lateral view of weathered

partial calyx AMSF28389 1. 1'. lateral view ol

exterior of AMSF27094 x I . I .

E\

- : &>±**s''
[Begin Page: Page 257]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

257

W\)

FIG. 1 1 . Dichochnus cl". D. laudoni Broadhead. 1 98 1 .

lateral view of upright crown QMF38957, with

Scytalocrinid? indet.. lateral view of horizontal

crown QMF38958x3

D. laudoni become cuneate, whereas the distal

brachials of D. cf. D. laudoni are unknown. They

probably become cuneate as this is a feature

common lo all uniscrial species of the genus. If

new material is found to show that the brachials

do not become cuneate distally. this Australian

specimen could represent a new species. In

Dichochnus only D. cintus Miller & Gurley.

1890 and D. fusiformis Austin & Austin. 1844

have 10 amis, but both have surface ornament on

the cup plates. All 3 of the 10-armed species of

Dichochnus are of middle or late Tournaisian

age. suggesting a similar age for D. cf.D. laudoni.

The specimen is on a small slab associated with

an indeterminate scvtalocrinid? and a rhodocrinitid.

Family ACROCRINIDAE Wachsmulh&

Springer. 1885

Subfamily GLOBACROCR1NINAE

Moore & Strimple, 1969

Denarioacrocrinusgen. nov.

TYPK SPECIES. DenanoactTocnnus neerkolensis gen. et

sp. nov. from the late Namurian or early Westphalian part

of the Neerkol Formation, near StanwelL Queensland.

E1YMOLOGY Latin denarius, containing 10; refers to

the 1 dist£tl intercalaries.

DIAGNOSIS. Calyx vase-shaped; basal circlet

unknown; strongly rounded, angustary radial

facets, sloping downward outward; minimum 5

rows of intercalaries: 10 plates in distal row. 1 in

line with single anal. 3 in line with A. D and E

radials. all others interradial; 4 arms per ray.

REMARKS. Moore & Strimplc (1969) noted the

explosive evolution in the acrocrinids in the

Middle to Late Carboniferous of the midcontinent

region of the United States. The Globacrocrin-

inae retains the narrow 7 radial facets and

advanced genera have a flat basal circlet not

visible in lateral view. Genera are defined mainly

on the number of distal intercalaries. Denario-

acrocrinus. with 10 distal intercalaries, is

intermediate between the Morrowan to Des-

moinesian Glohacrocrinus. with 8. and the

Missourian Cauacrocrinus. with 11 distal

intercalaries. Denahoacrochnus is the first Late

Carboniferous globacrocrinid with part of the

arms preserved. The 4 arms per ray are an advanced

condition compared to the Early Carboniferous

Protacwcrinus with 2 and Sphngeracrochnus with 3 .

Denarioacnocrinus neerkolensis sp. nov.

(Fig. 12A-C)

ETYMOLOGY From the Neerkol Fonnation.

MA1ERI AL. HOLOTYPE: GSQF 1 0875a and b, internal

and external thecal moulds from GSQLK106, late

Namurian or early Westphalian, Neerkol Formation.

DIAGNOSIS. As for genus.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx vase-shaped. 22.9mm long

(incomplete), 16.5mm wide (slightly cmshed).

widest at midlcngth. suture flush, fine vermiform

ornament. Basal circlet not preserved. Intercalar-

ies mostly hexagonal, moderately large, minimum

5 rows. Distal row of intercalaries 10 plates. 3 in

line with radials (A. D and E). 1 under anal, all

others interradial. Distal intercalary next to anal

series below C radial. 5. lmm long. 5. 1mm w ide

(estimated), gently convex, subvertical. A and D

[Begin Page: Page 258]

258

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

radials hexagonal, proximally adjoining 3 inter-

calaries; C and E radials pentagonal, proximally

adjoining 2 intercalaries; E radial pentagonal

with proximal tip adjoining distal tip of in line

intercalary; all radials gently convex transversely,

straight to slightly convex longitudinally, sub-

\ ertical. C radial 4.7mm long, 6.3mm wide. Radial

facet angustary, sloping downward outward,

strongly convex externally, below radial summit,

with transverse ridge. Anal plate large, hex-

agonal, 5.5mm long, 4.5mm wide, distal half in

line with radials. Tegmen formed of small plates,

projecting above radial summit. Anns slender,

isotomously branching on 2nd primibrachs and

2nd secundibrachs, 4 per ray, 20 amis if all rays

branch as C ray. Proximal brachials cuneate,

convex longitudinally, strongly rounded

transversely, horseshoe-shaped, with pinnule on

long side. Distal brachials unknown, probably

bi serial.

REMARKS. This calyx is slightly distorted from

compaction and lacks the basal circlet. The

vase-shape, multiple rows of intercalaries and

angustary radial facets are primitive features of

the Cilobacrocrininae, whereas 4 arms per ray is

an advanced feature. This was the first crinoid

reported (McKellar, 1 966) from the Late Carbon-

iferous of Australia.

Denarioacrocrinus? ornatus sp. now

(Fig. 12D-F;Table2)

ETYMOLOGY. Latin ornamentus, ornament; referring to

the stellate and granulate omamention.

MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: GSQF1 0877a and b from

GSQL334. PARATYPE: GSQF10876 from GSQLK106,

late Namurian or early Westphalian Neerkol Form-

ation.

DIAGNOSIS. Alternating 6 rectangular and 6

hexagonal first row of intercalaries above the

basals and stellate ornament on cup plates:

sutures impressed.

DESCRIPTION. Calyx vase-shaped, widest at

midlength. Bipartite basals horizontal, in basal

impression, followed by 7 rows of intercalaries

increasing in size distally. Sutures impressed.

Plates mostly hexagonal after first row of

alternating 6 rectangular and 6 hexagonal plates.

Rows staggered with plates interlocking distally

and proximally Occasional pentagonal or hepta-

gonal plate where interlocking adjusted for smaller

plate. Plates with stellate ridge ornament radiating

from centre of plate to all adjacent plates. Longi-

tudinal ridge developed most strongly on basal

row of intercalaries. Fine nodose to vermiform

ornament, nodes may be aligned to stellate ridges

( >r sides of plates. First row of intercalaries horizontal,

rectangular ossicles strongly convex longitudinally,

hexagonal ossicles forming base of calyx; hex-

agonal plates distal tips visible in lateral view. All

following intercalaries subvertical. Stem circular

transversely; columnals with wide aureola, narrow

crenularium, small '^pentagonal lumen.

REMARKS, GSQF 10877a and b are the internal

and external moulds of the base of one partial

calyx up to the 3rd row of intercalaries. GSQF-

10876 is a partial calyx lacking the radials and

tegmen. It is crushed along the anterior-posterior

plane of symmetry.

DM ornatus is distinguished from D. neerkolen-

sis by the stellate ornament and plate arrangement

of the 1st row of intercalaries. This is the 1st

acrocrinid known with stellate ornamentation.

Lacking the radials and complete row of distal

intercalaries generic assignment must be quest-

ioned.

Suborder GLYPTOCRININA Moore, 1952

Superfamily PLATYCRINITOIDEA

Austin & Austin. 1X42

Family PLATYCRINITIDAE

Austin & Austin, 1842

PlatycrinitesJ.S. Miller, 1821

TYPE SPECIES. Platyainites laevis Miller, 1821 from

the Early Carboniferous of England; by subsequent

designation of Meek & Worthen. 1S65.

Platycrinites nux?

(Etheridge, 1892) nomen eorrectum

{Fig. 14I,J)

MATERIAL. GSQF10870, an internal mould from

GSQLK-2L Visean? Caswell Creek Group.

REMARKS. An internal mould of a cup, des-

ignated Platycrinusl nux by Etheridge (in Jack &

Etheridge, 1892) and mentioned by Etheridge

TABLE 2. Denarioacrocrinus'? ornatus sp. nov.

measurements (mm).

F10S77

Fim

i l al '. length
1 'ah . width

1 .!. r basal i

1 lumber basal circlet (minimum

lary 1 rectangular, length

S9

1>

ingulai .!ili

.:

*1

fulercalai \ 1 hexagon il ,
i

[Begin Page: Page 259]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

259

FIG. 12. A-C. Denarioacrocrinus merkolensis gen. ct sp. nov . holoh peGSQl 10875a and b. x2.5. A. posterior

view ofcalj x. B,C. A ra\ aiidposterior\ Lews of internal mould. D-F, Denarioactocrinus? ornatus sp. nov. D.

B-C interna view ofcah \,paralypeGSQF10876,x3.3. E-F, basal and interior view of holotype GSQF 1 0877,

(1892) has a high bowl-shaped basal circlet and Carboniferous Caswell Creek Group, near Old

vertical elongate radials. An internal mould Cannindah is nearly the sam

(GSQF10870) of a cup from the Early same shape and plate pi

[Begin Page: Page 260]

260
MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

of these specimens in size and proportions, as

well as the type of preservation, suggests that

they are from the same stratigraphic unit.

Ethcridge (in Jack & Etheridgc. 1892) reported

the specimen from the Middle or Marine Series of

the Bowen river Coal Field. 2 TIG'S. 148°30'E;

this is in the Lizzie Creek Volcanics. We wonder

if. for unknown reasons, the locality information

given by Etheridge (in Jack & Etheridge. 1 892)

could be incorrect or if the specimen was

reworked from Carboniferous deposits. Disar-

ticulated unornamented plates described below

as Platycrinites sp. 4 have radial ratios similar to

those of this specimen.

Neither the new specimen described or that of

Etheridge (in Jack & Etheridgc. 1892) resolves

the problem of the lack of ornamentation and

other external features of the plates. Also, the

legmen and arms arc unknown. It could be argued

that R nux is based on an internal mould and the

surface ornament is unknown However, future

collections in these areas should provide additional

specimens to support the acceptance off! mar.

Platycrinites testudo Campbell & Bein. 1971

(Fig. 13)

Ptatycrinussp. Etheridge, 1892: 131, pi. 20. fig 8.

Plahwinites testudo Cm\p\ic\\&Be\i\ 1971:430, pi. 51,% 10-21.

Platycrinites?} crokeri Campbell & Bein. 1971: 433. pi. 49.

figs 9-15; pi. 51. tigs 3-4.

Platycrinites? sp. 1 Campbell & Bein. 1971: 434. pi. 51, ligs 1-2.

MATERIAL. MMF33433, 33437, 33438, 33441, 33445-

334552, 33607; AMS F59512. 59513. 59516. 65664,

104701, 104702 from the late Toumaisian Namoi

Formation, near Barraha. NSW; collected by J. Irving,

REMARKS. The nodose ornament of previously

illustrated specimens indicates the variation in R

testudo. New specimens from the Namoi

Formation support this interpretation and show

additional variation in the size and alignment of

the nodes and ornamentation on the radials as

well as the size and arrangement of the ornament-

ation on the tegmen plates.

The incomplete specimen illustrated by Eth-

eridge ( 1 892: 20. fig. 8) was described as 4 plates

of a basal circlet, but it is 2 radials w ith distal

tegmen plate and a proximal part of the basal

circlet. The radial facet is visible on the radial to

the right centre and the inverted V of die nodose

ornament points to the facet on the radial to the left

of centre.

Platycrinites sp. 1

(Fig. 14F-H)

MATERIAL MMF33440, 33442. 33443 and 33453 from

the late Toumaisian Namoi Formation near 1 Janaba. NSW.

DESCRIPTION. Cup bowl-shaped, 25mm long

(crushed). 12-25. 2mm wide (18.6 av). fine

granular or vermiform ornament. Basal circlet

low conical, widely flaring; plates fused. Radials

5. 16.1mm long. 13.1mm wide, weakly convex

longitudinally, gently convex transversely,

shoulders flat to laterally sloping. Radial facet

angustary. 5,4mm wide, crcsccnt-sliapcd. moderate-

ly convex aborally. Primibrach axillary, concave

longitudinally, moderately convex transversely.

Stem facet elliptical, relatively small. 3.4 - 4.4mm.

Proximal columnal with convex latus. Amis,

tegmen and stem unknown.

REMARKS. Playterinites sp. 1 differs from P.

testudo by lacking the coarse nodose ornament-

ation, having a more upflaring basal circlet and

relatively smaller stem facet. It differs from P.?

sp. 2 of Campbell & Bein ( 1 97 1 ) by being more

equidimensional. lacking the pustulose ornament

and having shallower radial facets.

The specimens are all distorted and cracked

from compaction.

Platycrinites sp. 2

(Fig. 14 A)

MAlliRlAL. QMF38946 from QML508, late Toumais-

ian. Malchi Formation.

DESCRIPTION. Radial large, 12.8mm long.

1 3.6mm wide, gently convex longitudinally and

transversely, thin, with fine granular ornament;

radial facet angustary. projecting outward from

radial surface, deep, horscshoc-shaped. strongly

convex outer edge, transverse ridge wide, gently

rounded, ends elevated slightly.

REMARKS. The fine granular ornament of

Platycrintes sp. 2 readily distinguishes it from R

testudo. The projected horseshoe-shaped facet is

much deeper and more projected than that off!

sp. 1 . Lacking the rest of the cup and tegmen it is

left in open nomenclature.

Platycrinites sp. 3

(Fig. 14D.E)

MATKRIAL. Basil circlet and partial radials QMF38947

and partial radial plate. QMF38948, from QML508, late

Toumaisian, Malchi Formation

DESCRIPTION. Basal circlet bow 1-shaped.tliin.

unornamented; plates fused. Radial large.

[Begin Page: Page 261]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRIN01DS

261

FIG 1 3. Pfaty$rimtesmtuda Campbell & Bein : 1971. A,

lateral view of calyx; orieniation uncertain. MMF33433

1.6. H. oblique posterior view of theca AMF505I3.

MMJ ; 3343 x 1 .4. CD. A ray and posterior views of theca

MMF33O07 • I 7 1:1. basal and oral views o\' theca

AMI' 1 1 0470 1 ( formerly included in AMF65556 » x 1 .6. U

postenor view of theca MMF33438 1 .6-

[Begin Page: Page 262]

62

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

15.5mm long (incomplete), 15.5mm wide, thin,

smooth; angustary radial facet strongly convex

outwardly, slightly elevated above radial surface,

small inwardly pointed V-shaped ridges at outer

ends of transverse ridge. Stem facet small, 2.0 x

2.4mm. elliptical outline, with narrow crenularium.

REMARKS. Platycrinites sp. 3 differs from P

testudo, P. sp. 1 and P. sp. 2 by lacking ornament.

The specimens are fractured and incomplete.

They are illustrated to show the variation in the

platycrinitids of eastern Australia.

Platvcrinites sp. 4

(Fig. 14B,C)

MATERIAL. Partial basal circlet QMF38949 and partial

radials QMF38950 from QML508, late Tournaisian,

Malchi Fomation.

REMARKS. The basal circlet is an internal

mould with the bare edges of parts of the exterior

surface. It is uncrushed. high conical and thin.

The thin partial radials are very elongate,

unomamented and straight longitudinally. These

specimens, if from one species, would have

similar shape and proportions to P. nwc, and the

specimen would be tentatively referred to P. ma

from the Caswell Creek Group.

Camerate bidet.

Cnnoid calyx Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge. 1X92: 210, pi.

44, fig s.

MATERIAL. QMFU94, late lournaisian .'Malchi Form-

ation, Rockhampton District. Collected b> CAV. De Vis.

REMARKS. The weathered internal mould of a

partial calyx reported by Etheridge (in Jack &

Etheridge. 1892) is an indeterminate camerate.

Plate sutures are indistinguishable but the long

tegmen .shows parts of the ambulacra! trackways

of two rays. Etheridge (in jack & Etheridge,

1892) reported the specimen from the Gympie

Beds, now considered to probably be from the

Malchi Formation.

Subclass DISPARIDA Moore & Laudon, 1943

Superfamilv ALLAGECRINOIDEA Carpenter

& Etheridge, 1881

family ALLAGECRIN1DAE

Carpenter & Etheridge, 1 sx l

Litocrinus Lane & Sevastopulo. 1982

rYPE SPECIES. Kallimorphocrinw punctatus lane &

stoputo ' 982 from the Visean New Providence Shale

of Tennessee; by original designation.

Litocrinus sp.

(Fig. 15D-F)

MATERIAL. QMF39022, 39075 from QML878, Visean

Baywulla Formation.

DESCRIPTION. Cup conical, 0.65mm long,

0.8mm wide. Basal circlet fused, 0. 1 5mm long.

0.5mm wide. Radials straight longitudinally, mod-

erately convex transversely, moderate!) flaring;

radial facets convex outward, subhorizontal.

Small anal notch. Oral circlet moderately arched.

Orals 5. concave; posterior oral larger, separating

BC and DE orals.
REMARKS. The cup of QMF39022 is coated

with small secondary crystals masking plate

sutures and giving the specimen a false

ornament. The specimen has a higher basal

circlet than L. scottcus and is not as elongate as L.

extensus, both described from the Visean of

Scotland (Wright, 1932, 1952). It is not as

elongate as L. angulatus and L. tintinabulum,

both from the Visean Nunn ShaleofNew Mexico

(Strimple & Koenig, 1956). It also lacks the

concave cup walls of L. protuberans and L.

pansus, both reported from the Permian of

Western Australia (Webster & Jell. 1992). It may

represent a new species, but is an inappropriate

specimen to serve as a type. The smaller

immature specimen QMF39075, is 0.55mm long

and 0.45mm wide, weathered and shows poor

plate margins. This is the first report oiLitocrinus

from the Carboniferous of Australia.

Superfaraily BELEMNOCRINOIDEA

S. A Miller. 1883

Family SYNBATHOCRIN1DAE

S.A. Miller. 1889

Synbathocrinus Phillips. 1836

TYPE SPECIES. Synbathocrinus amicus Philips, 1S36

from the Iburnaisian of England: by monotypy.

Synbathocrinus ogivalis de Koninek, 1878

(Fig. 15A-C)

wthocrintts ogtwtitA tte Koninek. 1878: ! S S_ pi. 6. tigs

Mb; 1898 12Lpl.6,figs 1-lb. Basslerfc Moodo 1943:

696.

Synbathocrinus sp, Campbell & Bern, 1971: +24. pi 49. Iit?s

16-21, text-fig. 5 Webster, t977-|64.

MATERIAL . MMF33432 from the late Tournaisian Namoi

Formation near Ban-aba. NSW.

DESCRIPTION. Sec de Koninek (1878, 1898)

and Campbell & Bein(197I).

[Begin Page: Page 263]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

26i

c
rid; 14. A. rinrvtrmiti's sp. 2 ialcra] view of radial QMK3H946

;3.2 \)\\riiiivcrituu\s]-)_4 B intenomew-oi'pariialKasalcirclc4

QMF38 4 J49 2.5 (A lateral view of partial radial and associated

columrja! QMF3895U 2 5 D,E. Piat\vrftiite& sp 3. 1). view of

disarticulated basal circlet and radials't >MF38947 A/ 1 E, lateral

\ low ol partial radial QMF38948 > 2 7 i-| |. Platycnnhcs sp L E,

i A \ iow ofslighth distorted basal circlet MMF33443 1 .7. ( Ul.

lateral mow so. weathered partial inlertoi and exterior of opposite

side ol crushed calw MMF33440, XI 7 iA Pfarycn'mtes

(Ktheridge, ls l >2). lateral of calyx interior orientation

imeertairU tSQ] 1087" A.

<< '

[Begin Page: Page 264]

264

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

REMARKS. Synbathocrinus ogivalis was

reported by de Koninck ( 1 878) from an unknown

horizon at Burragood, Paterson River, NSW. As

noted by Campbell & Bein (1971), it probably

came from the Lower Carboniferous. De Koninck's

original description is minimal and his illustrat-

ions are stylised. However, they are sufficient to

define and recognise the species. De Koninck

( 1 878) mistakenly reported the basal circlet to be

a single plate for all species of Synbathocrinus

including S. ogivalis, whereas Campbell & Bein

(1971) showed 3 plates in their S. sp. Both de

Koninck's (1878) and Campbell and Bein's

( 1 97 1 ) descriptions are considered correct for the

specimens investigated and show the variation in

S. ogivalis. The basal circlet of Synbathocrinus is

highly variable within most species known from

multiple specimens. Webster & Lane (1987)

reported the basal circlet of 2 undesignated

species in the late Tournaisian Anchor Limestone

of southern Nevada to vary from 1-4 plates. Two

Artinskian species from Western Australia

(Webster, 1987) varied from 1-4 plates in S.

campanulatus and from 1-3 in S. constrictus.

The specimen illustrated herein has 3 plates in

the basal circlet, with the E A basal azygous, but

the sutures are difficult to define, because of

partial fusing and recrystallisation.

The type specimen of S. ogivalis is presumed

lost in the Garden Palace fire of 1 886. Therefore,

ANU 1 8893, (Campbell & Bein, 1 97 1 , pi. 49. figs

16-18) is designated the neotype.

Subclass CLADIDA Moore & Laudon, 1943

OrderCYATHOCRTNlDA Bather, 1899

Superfamily CYATHOCR1NITOIDEA

Bassler, 1938

Family EUSPIROCRINIDAE Bather, 1890

Neerkolocrinus gen. nov.

TYPE SPECIES. Neerkolocrinus lypus from the West-

phalian Neerkol Formation, Rockhampton.

ETYMOLOGY. For the Neerkol Formation.

DIAGNOSIS. Crown robust, expanding gently

distally; cup medium to high bowl-shaped, with

upflared basals; plate inflated, with stellate ridge

ornament on basals and radials and fine node

ornament on cup plates continuing on brachials; 5

anals in cup; prominent anal tube tapering

distally above posterior interray; at least 10 amis,

branching isotomously on 6th primibrach; at

least one ramule on 3rd secundibrach in some

rays; brachials rectilinear, strongly rounded trans-

versely, lacking pinnules.

REMARKS. Neerkolocrinus shows some relation-

ship to both euspirocrinids and botryocrinids.

Genera assigned to both the euspirocrinids and

botryocrinids have a conical or bowl-shaped cup,

lacking stellate ornamentation and 1-4 anals. The

presence of the proximal 1/2 of the first 2 tube

plates below the radial summit does not alter the

number of anals in the cup significantly, but is

considered a primitive condition. First branching

of the arms on the 6th primibrach is also con-

sidered a primitive condition for such a young

form of euspirocrinid or botryocrinid. The

tapered anal tube above the posterior interray is

present in some euspirocrinids (Euspirocrinus

and Parisocrinus), whereas most botryocrinids

have longer or recurved anal tubes. The radianal

is beneath or below to the left of the C radial in

most euspirocrinids and botryocrinids. Botryo-

crinids typically have ramules and the brachials

lack cover plates, which euspirocrinids and

Neerkolocrinus have. Muscular articulation and

an internal axial canal in the brachials of

Neerkolocrinus also show relationships to the

euspirocrinids rather than the botryocrinids.

Euspirocrinids may be divided into 3 groups

based on cup shape. Ampheristocrinus,Ciostero-

crinus, Pahsocrinus and Zygoiocrinus have

narrow, long cone-shaped cups. Caelocrinus and

Vasocrinus have short conical to bowl-shaped

cups and Euspirocrinus and Neerkolocrinus have

long wide bowl-shaped cups. Neerkolocrinus is

distinguished from Euspirocrinus by the more

bowl-shaped cup, more distal 1st branching of

the arms, stellate ridge ornament and continu-

ation of fine node ornament onto the brachials.

Neerkolocrinus typus sp. nov.

(Figs 16,17A,B)

ETYMOLOGY. Latin typus, model or example; the type

species.

MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: GSQF 1 0872 from CSQLK 1 06.

late Namurian or early Westphalian Neerkol Form-

ation.

DIAGNOSIS. As for genus.

DESCRIPTION. Crown robust, elongate, flaring

upward gently, 43.9mm long (incomplete), 19.4-

23mm wide (21.2mm av.). Cup medium high

bowl-shaped, plates inflated, 1 7.6mm long, 1 3.6-

23mm wide (18.3mm av.); ornament of stellate

ridges to adjoining plates on basals and radials.

ray ridges more strongly developed than non-ray

ridges; fine granular nodes with some alignment

parallel to plate margins, nodes continuing on all

brachials. Infrabasal circlet diameter 1 1.8mm

[Begin Page: Page 265]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

265

'**~Jfh .£;, ^ *^|^-

FIG. 15. A-C^SynbathocrinusogivalisdeKomncK 1 878. oral, posterior and basal viewsofcupMMF33432x4.2.

D-F, Litocrinus sp.. A ray. oral and posterior view s of cup QMF39022 x50.

internally. Infrabasals 5, slightly inflated, form-

ing base of cup. upflared. visible in lateral view,

distal tips forming base of cup walls. Basals 5.

cquidimensional 9.5 mm long and wide, mod-

erately convex longitudinally and transversely,

hexagonal; BC basal heptagonal supporting

primanal on left shoulder; CD basal octagonal

supporting first and second anals on right side

and shoulder. Radials 5. slightly wider (10.2mm)

than long (9.1mm). moderately convex

longitudinally and transversely, subvertical to

slightly incurved. Radial facet anguslary. horseshoe-

shaped, strongly declivate. Anals 5 in cup.

Primanal pentagonal, below and left of C radial,

also adjoining BC and CD basals, 2nd and 3rd

anals. Second anal largest, hexagonal, adjoining

primanal. CD basal. D radial. 2 anal tube plates

and 3rd anal. Basal 1/2 of 4th and 5th anals below

summit of radial facets. Anal tube extending well

above radial summit over posterior intcrray.

tapering distally. Anns at least 10. if isotomous

branching in all rays on 6th primibrachs as in D

and E rays. Brachials uniserial. rectilinear,

strongly convex transversely, wider than long

proximally. distally subcircular transversely,

nonpinnular; primibrachs 3.2mm long. 5.5mm

wide. Third sccundibrach giving off ramule in D

ray. All brachial facets with transverse ridge

across approximate middle of facet, deep

transversely elongate ligament pit on outer

margin, very small internal axial canal in

middle of transverse ridge, elevated adoral area

between transverse ridge and ambulacral

groove, large muscle areas on inner margins,

triarthrial articulation. Ambulacral groove deep

V-shaped, notched on both sides; small cover

plates not preserved.

REMARKS. The type is preserved as external

and internal moulds of a partial crown com-

pressed along the A-CD plane of symmetry.

Kopriacrinus gen. nov.

TYPE SPECIES. Kopriacrinus mckellari gen. et sp. nov.

from the Westphalian Neerkol Formation, W of Rock-

hampton.

ETYMOLOGY Greek Kopria, dunghill; refers to the

appearance of the cup as a cluster of pellets or a composite

fecal pellet.

DIAGNOSIS. Crow n small; cup high cone-shaped;

plates inflated; sutures impressed, apical pits;

radial facet angustary. declivate; 3 anals; tegmen

plates large, minimum 10; quadrate orals

separated by large ambulacrals; tegmen sub-

horizontal or projecting slightly above radial

[Begin Page: Page 266]

266

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

FIG. 16. Neerkolocrinus typus gen. et sp. nov.. holotype, GSQF 10872. A. B-C interray view of internal mould
x2. 8. B.D-Einterray viewof external moulx2.S.C\ basal view of internal mould x2. 9. IXC ray view of external

surface of cup x3.9.

FIG 1 7. (Opposite) A ,3, Neerkolocrinus typus gen. etsp. nov., holotype, GSQF10872. A, lateral view of external

surface of partial arm x3.7. 11 D-E inieray view of internal mould x2.8. C-E, Kopriacrinus mckellari sp. nov.

CD. internal x3.5) and external x4.7) views of paratypeGSQFl 0874. E, C ray view of cup with associated

brachial fragments. holotypeGSQF 1 0873 3.7.

[Begin Page: Page 267]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

267

[Begin Page: Page 268]

268

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

summit; at least 10 arms; rectilinear brachials

strongly rounded transversely; stem transversely

pentagonal, heteromorphic.

REMARKS. Except for the pentagonal stem

Kopriacrlnus fits the Euspirocriuidae. which

were defined by Lane & Moore (in Moore &

Tcichcrt, 1978) as having a round stem. Phylo-

genelic significance of this feature is uncertain,

but may imply a polyphyleticoriginof the family.

Kopriacrlnus differs from all genera in the family

by one or more other morphologic features. It is

most similar to I'asocrimts^ which differs by

having a low conical cup with large axial canals

in the brachials and radials.

Kopriacrinus mckellari sp. nov.

(Fig. 17C-E;Table3)

ETYMOLOGY For R.G McKellar in recognition of his

contributions to the geology of Queensland

MAITOUAL. HOLOTYPR: GSQF1G873. PARATYPE:

GSQF10874 from GSQL KICKS, late Nunuirian or early

Westphalian Neerkol Formation.

DESCRIPTION. Crown small, cylindrical to

slightly expanding distally. Cup high cone shap-

ed, with inflated plates, sutures impressed, apical

pits. Infrabasal circlet with shallow invagination

for pentagonal stem facet. Infrabasals 5. prox-

imally horizontal, distally upflared forming base

of cup wall, visible in lateral view, bulbus. strongly

convex longitudinally and transversely. Basals 5.

hexagonal, wider than long, straight long-

itudinally, moderately convex transversely,

inflated, surface irregular; BD and CD basals

heptagonal, with extra side adjoining anal plates.

Radials 5. pentagonal, wider than long, strongly

convex longitudinally and transversely, inflated,

surface irregular. Radial facet angustary, declivate.

projecting out from radial, horseshoe-shaped, with

faint transverse ridge. Anals 3; radianal large,

adjoining BC and CD basals. inflated. Anal X and

right tube plate probably projecting above radial

summit. Tegmen plates large, at least 10. Orals

quadrate, filling radial notches, abutting large

ambulacrals adorally. Ambulacrals large, expand-

ing adorally. with longitudinal ridge. Tegmen

subhorizontal or projecting slightly above radial

summit. Anal tube unknown. Rectilinear brach-

ials horseshoe- shaped transversely, straight to

slightly concave longitudinally, with deep V-

sliaped ambnlacral groove, witiifacets forcover

plates. At least one isotomous brandling of anus;

probably 10 arms. Stem transversely pentagonal,

heteromorphic. Nodhaxis pattern Nl. Columnals

with large lumen, strongly convex latus.

REMARKS. The smaller holotype is an external

mould of a slightly crushed cup with some

associated brachials, whereas the larger paratype

is an external and internal mould of a crown with

disarticulated aim plates adjacent to the cup and

28,0mm of stem. The well-developed bulbous

infrabasals are nearly cquidimensional on the

holotype, but longer than wide on the paratype.

The holotype is compressed along the AB-

postcrior interray/D plane. The paratype is

compressed along the A-CD plane of symmetry.

Order POTERIOCR1NID A Jackcl. 1918

Supcrfamily POTERIOCRINITOIDEA

Austin & Austin, 1842

Family POTER10CRINITIDAE

Austin & Austin, 1842

Totei-ioci-mites'? smithii (Etheridge, 1892)

(Fig. 18)

J'r.tcnocrmus'? smithii Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge. 1892:

209, pi. 8. fig. 1.

Potenocriniics smith' Etheridge: Bassler & Moodev, 1943:

645. Branson. 1948:209.

MATERIAL. Plasticine cast BME 15661 and plaster cast

GSQF1590 stratigraphic unit uncertain, possibly from the

Rockkimplon Group, near Stanwell. Queensland.

DESCRIPTION. Crown elongate. 33.0mm long.

21.2mm wide (arms flaring distally). Cup bowl-

shaped, with stellate ridge ornament on basals

and radials. Infrabasal circlet large, proximally

horizontal, bearing stem facet, distally upflared.

probably formed of 5 plates. Basals large,

strongly convex longitudinally and transversely,

forming base of cup walls. BC basal 3.9mm long.

2.9mm wide (estimated). Radials large. 2.1mm

long, 4,0mm wide (estimated), moderately con-

vex longitudinally and transversely, subvcrtical.

with wide laterally sloping shoulders distally.

Radial facet angustary. 1 .7mm wide, with strong-

ly convex outer rim. declivate, with radiating

crenulae and culmina on outer margin. Radial

notches wide. Anals 3, convex longitudinally and

TABLE 3. Koprictcrinus mckellari measurements

(mm).

Holotype

Ft 0873

Paratype

Ml iN 74
Cup length

S4

'J. 4

Cup width (maximum)

10.4

Inlrahasal circlet diameter

5.0

5.2

Basal length

3.1

5S

Basal width

3.1

50
Radial length

3.8

44

Radial width

37

67

Stem diameter

3.3

[Begin Page: Page 269]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

269

transversely. Radianal below C radial, pentag-

onal. 2.8mm long. 1.7mm wide, adjoins C radial.

BC basal infrabasal circlet. CD basal and anal X.

Anal X hexagonal, large, length 2.5mm. width

2.0mm. adjoins C radial, radianal. infrabasal

circlet. CD basal. D radial, right tube plate. Right

lube plate rectangular, in radial circlet above anal

X. Stellate ridges sharply elevated; 4 ridges

radiating from the B radial downward, 2 onto

each subjacent basal; 3 ridges radiating from the

C radial downward. 1 each onto BC basal,

radianal. anal X. One subhori/ontal ridge ex-

tending laterally from anal X onto radial to right

and CD basal to left.

Brachials slight!) cuncatc. narrow, straight

longitudinally, strongly convex transversely,

horseshoe-shaped transversely, with 1 very

slender pinnule on long side, with medium nodes

on exterior. First branching isotomous on 2nd

primibrach and exotomous on 2nd sccundibrach

in 2 rays visible. Arms 3 per ray. 15 if all rays

branch in same manner. Stem circular transverse-

ly, heteromorphic, 1.5mm diameter. 37.0mm long,

incomplete. NoditaxisN.3231323 proximally, N 7

distally; nodals cirratc. multiple cirri per nodal.

Columnals wide, with well rounded latus. Cirri

small, homeomoiphic. transversely round.

REMARKS. The description differs consider-

ably from that of Etheridge (in Jack & Etheridge.

1892) in recognition of the infrabasal circlet and

anals. Plate sutures are difficult to determine on

the casts, but are visible with magnificationas the

stellate ridges arc slightly offset. The original

interpretation is that the visible part of the cup

consists of 2 partial radials. 1 on either side of a

centrally complete radial; the underlying very

wide basals are fractured and only the distal tips

of 2 of the infrabasals arc visible at the top of the

stem. If this interpretation is correct, then the

stellate ridge ornament varies considerably on

the different radials and basals. The consistency

in the stellate ridge ornament is accounted for in

the new interpretation.

The specimen is not a Poterioerinites. It probably

represents a new genus of the Potcriocrinitidac.

based on the ami branching pattern and cup

ornament, both of which differ significantly from

all other genera assigned to the family. In hopes

the original will be found or other specimens

discovered we do not alter the original citation.

Ethcridgc(in Jack& Etheridge, 1892) reported

the specimen to be an impression in a hard sand-

stone. Attempts to locate the original specimen

failed but resulted in location of the materials

listed above. The original specimen is apparently

FIG. IS. Toteriocrinitef! smithii (Etheridge, 1 892), C

ray view of plasticine cast of holotvpe. BMEI5661

*f.7.

lost. A note with the plaster cast. GSQF1590.

reported the original specimen was loaned to F. A.

Bather and returned to the Geological Survey of

Queensland in 1915 with three plaster casts, only

one of winch remains. Ethcridgc's figure was

draw n from an earliercast. perhaps one of the two

plasticine casts in the British Museum ( E 1 566 1 ).

The stratigraphic position of TV? smithii is

uncertain. Etheridge (in Jack & Etheridge. 1 892)

reported the specimen from the Gympic Beds in

the vicinity of Stanwell. As mapped by Dunstan

[Begin Page: Page 270]

MEMl IFTHEQUFJ NSLAND MUSEUM

(1898) the Gyitipic Formation thfc widty

I unit nt Hie Carboniferous m the

restricted to the Middle Permian of the Gympie

Block i Da> el al I982)and not recognised in the

Stanwcll area. I here are sevens! Ibssilifcrcraa

horizons in the Carboniferous and Penman in the

vicinity of SUmwell. Without (he

specimen the lithojogj > :

age ol ihe specimen is in question.

SnpertamiK SCYTAJ 0( RJN<

Moore & Laudott 1943

ulySCY I \l_ I I DAE

Moore & Laudon, IW3

Crininoerinu& Goldrittg, 1938

I SPH DBS, Pr\ w wtaroa Goldritta, 19*8

from [he LaleDevunianoi Canada; !\y original designation.

REM The A ra> oi tin: hole Prf-

Hfnocrtims robustus lacks the ami above thi

pnmibrach and (joldring (1938) noted that 3

other rays branch on the 2nd primibr-ach

Furthermore, she described on

as having 3 primibruehs in one raj which could

be the A ray. Orientation of the

allow unquestioned identification of the ray.

Thus, it is unknown if Prininocriftus has an

atomous A raj or branched at some level above

the 3rd pnmibrach. An alomotis A raj i

primitive character of some Seytainertnidae

( ih:\fH nuns, Fiypselocnnus) among other

primitive inadunates. However, it is not jn

invariable character, as the A thy branches (often

tin pnmibrach 6 qr higher) on some species

gned lo these genera. Although listed under

riie Scytaiocrinidae Prininoainus was Encoro

placed itl synonomy with ScyialoCthtUS (Moore

cV Striuiplc in Moore &Terchert, 1978:640) as

inns of Si vtatoainus branch on the single

primibrach \n all rays. PrfnittncrintiS is here

accepted and considered to have an atomous or

branched A ffl

Prininocrinus namoit-nsis sp nov

v I amphdl & Ik-in 1971 423. |)1 50

ICvT-lir- 1.

FrVMOLOGY hum the N; til

MATERIAL. HOLOIYPE ANU2IS44 fawn the late

founiaisian Namoi Formation, Crinoid Creek. ro*T

Bamtba,NN\V.

DIAGNOSIS. Crown slender, elongate; cup low

bow l-shaped. distal dps of basals visible in lateral

view; 3 anals in cup, radial facets plenary:

brachi.ii> tffongl} convex transi rectilinear,

Lsototnous branching on 2nd prrraibrach m all

-,: pinnuli

slender, cj
DESCRIPTION, See Campbell & Bcin c

REMARKS . The partial en im n assigned to f/bfo-

I ampbell & Bern ( 1971 ) ts reassigned

to Pntwiocnmi*: because the brachials are

rectilinear not CUtieal in Hiswcn'fHis

Aaisich, 1992 » Printno i inus

namofenxh has a low I aped cup witf]

distal Ops ni'the tnfrabasulsv tsiblcin lateral view

lalsmthecupandrcctili oundei

tsius

by ha lightly shorter cm 'hlsL arms

and more blender pinnules The infrabasnls,

essentially confined lo the basal plane of the co\\

>pt ior tl al upflan i and the

fni , position o! i lals (primanal

moved wh « I c I \ or partly into the CO int

positioo] are :-.iicht!\ advanced conditions ii

robastux and P, natfioiensis,

Sevtalocrinid? indet.

(Fig ll)

locdto and horizon unknown

in NSW. probably laic Touniiusian Narnui Formation.

\i Philip

DESCRIPTION, Cup small, truncated cone-

shaped no ornament bifrabasal circlet fanning

truncated base proxhnaJly, weakly flared distal ly

forming lower 1/4 ol cup wall. Basals subequal

length and width, straight longitudinally, gently

convex transversely gently flaring distally; ( D

basal truncated distally lor reception of anal X.

Radials gently flaring longitudinally, moderately

convex transversely. Radial facet |

projecting slightly. Primibrach widest at base

blade-shaped proximalfy, constricted medially,

strongly convex dans ahoiljj distal to

base, concave longitudinally, distal i.-m!i

unknown. Proximal stem heteromorphic, with

noditaxis N i. becoming homcomorphic distally

Columnals circular transversely, latus Wrongly

convex.

REMARKS. This small partial crown is cru&hed

and the cup plates are pan ly disartieulaled with

the proximal c\k\ of (he radial covered by sub-

jacent basals. The truncated end ol the CD basal

is narrow, suggesting there was a radianal to the

lower right of anal X and 3 anals in the cup Cup

and primibrach shapes, in conjunction with the

[Begin Page: Page 271]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

271

plenary radial facet, suggesl affinih with

Scytalocrinidac such as Hydriocrinus and

Hypselocrinus but without the arms and anal

series no generic assignment can be made. The

specimen is associated with an unnamed new

genus of rhodocrinitid and Dichocrinus cf. D.

laudoni on a small slab.

Superfamily ERISOCRINOIDEA Wachsmuth

& Springer, 1886

Family GRAPH IOCRINIDAE Wachsmuth &

Springer. 1886
Holcocrinus Kirk. 1945

TYPE SPECIES. ( rmphkxsinus ImgicirrijerWechsmvAh

& Springer, 1890 from the Toumaisian Hampton

Formation, Iowa; by original designation.

Holcocrinus barrabaensis sp. nov.

(Fig 19)

1 I YMOI OGY From Banaba, NSW

MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: MMF33608 (AMSF59510

and 595 1 1 arc casts of the type) from the late Toumaisian

Numoi Formation, Crinoid Creek, near Banaba, NSW;

found by .'. Irving.

DIAGNOSIS. Crown elongate; cup truncated

medium cone, primibrachs axillary, intermediate

length: brachials intermediate length, moderatch

cuneatc; unornaincnted.

DESCRIPTION. Crown elongate. 54.9mm long

(incomplete). 21.5mm wide. Cup truncated

medium cone. 7.0mm long. 7.5-1 1.5mm wide

(9.5mm aw), lacking ornamentation. Infrabasals

5. horizontal proximally.upflareddistally. visible

in lateral view. Basals 5. 3.6mm long. 3.8mm

wide, hexagonal, except CD basal heptagonal.

gently convex transversely and longitudinally.

Radials 5, 5.8mm long. 4. 1 mm w ide. moderately

convex transversely, gently convex longitudin-

ally. Radial facet plenary. Single anal, widest

distally. 4.2mm long. 3.8mm wide, slightly con-

vex transversely and longitudinally, projecting

slightly above radial summit. Axillary single

primibrachs cquidimensional, 5.8mm, strongly

convex transversely, concave longitudinally,

hourglass-shaped. Sccundibrachs cuneatc, short.

moderately convex transversely, concave

longitudinally, faintly staggered, probably with

pinnulconshoulderoflongerside. Arms 10, 2 per

ray. branching isotomous. Stem homeomorphic.

58.0mm preserved, proximally transversely pent-

agonal for 14.5mm (5.0mm diameter), round

distally (3.7mm diameter). Tegmen unknown.

FIG.19. Holcocrinus barrabaensis sp. nov.. A,B.

posterior (AMSF595 II) and anterior (AMSF595 10)

views. - I

REMARKS. The holotype was embedded in

mudstonc. Acast (AMF595 10) shows 58.0mm of

stem. Part of the stem is now missing on the

original.

Webster (1997) noted that Holcocrinus has

cuneatc brachials and suggested that it belongs to

a cladc of conservative inadunates retaining a

conical cup. The infrabasals forming the trun-

cated base of the cup with only the distal tips

visible in lateral view and a single anal arc more

advanced features within this conservative clade.

The crown of H. barrabaensis is crushed normal

to the BC-DE plane.

Holcocrinus barrabaensis is distinguished within

the genus by having a truncated medium conical

[Begin Page: Page 272]

272

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

cup. brachials of Intermediate length and lacking

ornamentation. The cup of//, wachsmuthi (Meek

& Worthen. 1861) is a much higher truncated

cone. //. spinohrachiatus (Hall. 1861) has a

broader medium bowl shape and all other species

have low bowl-shaped cups. Brachials of//, tongi-

cirrifer (Wachsnmth& Springer in Miller. 1889)

are very short and strongly cuncatc. whereas

those of//, wachsmuthi are longer, triangular and

nearly biserial. Brachials of//, nodohrachiatus

(Hall, 1861) and H. spinohrachiatus have short

nodes or spines on the distal ends of the mod-

erately cuncate brachials. Brachials of H.

harrahaensis lack the spines, arc longer than

those of//, longicirrifer and shorter than those of

H. spinohrachiatus. The axillary primibrachs of

//. smythi are much longer than those of //

harrahaensis which are longer than those of H.

longicirrifer.

Poteriocrininid cup indet.

Crinoid allied to Stemmatocrinus Etheridge in .lack &

Etheridge. 1892: 206. pi. 44. fig 7.

MATERIAL. QMF1196 probably from the late

Touniaisian Malchi Formation. Roekhampton District.

Collected by C.W. De Vis.

REMARKS. An indeterminate poteriocrininid

cup 10.6mm wide is a slightly distorted internal

mould and parts of 3 weathered radial facets. The

basal circlet is subhorizontal and formed of 5

plates. Basals were horizontal proximally.

upturned on the distal tips. One basal is wider

than the other 4 and presumably had 1 or 2 anals

above it. Cup walls were largely formed by the

subvertical radials. Etheridge (in Jack &

Etheridge. 1892) apparently thought the speci-

men lacked an anal plate when he considered it

allied to Stemmatocrinus (=Erisoctimts). The cup

could belong to any number of the potcriocrini-

nids. depending on the number of anals and is

considered indeterminate. Etheridge (in Jack &

Etheridge. 1892) reported the specimen from the

Gympie Beds, now considered to probably be

from the Malchi Formation.

Poteriocrininid amis indet. #1

(Fig.20A)

Arms of crinoid Etheridge in .lack & Etheridge. 1 892: 210. pi.

7. tig. 8. Parirey. 1996:242.

MATERIAL. GSQF 1 588, external mould of a partial set of

amis from the Touniaisian Roekhampton Group. Stony

Creek. Stairwell. Collected by J. Smith.

DESCRIPTION. Partial set of 10 aims of at least

3 rays. 27.0mm long. 22.0mm wide, flaring distally.

FIG 20. A. Poteriocrininid indet. arms # 1 , lateral view

of amis GSQF1588, *2.5. 13. Poteriocrininid indet.

arms #2, lateral view of arms GSQF1587, *2.

Brachials smooth, no ornament, weakly cuneate,

straight longitudinally, strongly convex

[Begin Page: Page 273]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRICOIDS

transversely, deep. U-shaped in transverse

section, with slender pinnule on longer side.

Ambulacral groove small. V-shaped. First

seamdibrach much longer than Following

sccundibrachs. formed by fusing of 2 brachials.

Isotomous branching on only primibrach

preserved and axillary secundibrach 6

REMARKS The braclual shape brai telling pattern

and longer 1 si secundibrach are common to aphele-

erinids lo winch tliis specimen may be related

The aphelecrinids are mosl common in Tour-

naisian and car)\ Vise an. strata o\' ihe United

Stales and Scotland (Bassler& Moodcv t943:

Webster. 197^. 1977. 1986. J 988, 1993)'

The specimen is re-illustrated because the

original docs not show the disia! part of the arms

and is. in part, a rcconsiruciionofpanofthcarms

thai arc masked b\ matrix. No part of the cup is

recognisable in the few fragmentary plates at Ihe

base of ihe arms.

Poteriocriiiinidarms indct #2

<Fig.20B)

..I I ihcnJ^c mlil | | I 192 2I0-, pj

Parti i " 6 242

MATERIA] (-rS(.)l " ctorial mould of partial ^noi'

arms, from Uk Roe kluunptem Group. i-LhvuchoueliaGi.ilK.

i i J i [ Smith

DESCRIPTION. Partial sel of 8 arms. WJSnira

long_ 30 Xnim wide. Brachials weakly cuncaic.

straight longitudinally, slrongh convex trans-

versely ricarlj circular in transverse section, bear

transverse row of3-5 coarse nodes projecting as

exceedingly short spines, Ambulacra! groove

small, V-shaped. Pinnules slender, elongate.

REMARKS. Brachials of most poteriocrinidslack

ornament When presenl. Ihe ornamentation

commonly consists of line grannies or longi-

ludinai or transverse ridges. Thus, the projecting

spinc-likc nodes on ihe brachials of Polcnocriihd

arms indct. #2 arc verx distinctive. ( lilnhiunnn-

tts echuiaius, a Late ( aiixu'iifcrous poteriocriiud

from Ihe Untied Slates (Slnmple & Walkins.

1909). has sinularspine-like node ornamentation

but only 1 - 2 per brachial and nol in an aligned

transverse row The brachials o^NeerkolocrinuA

typus have irregular nodose ornament, not

aligned in a transverse row and the brachials arc

much longer. Tire original illustration troni the

external mould does nol show pinnules, which

were not mcnlioned in Ihe description (Etheridgc

in Jacket Elheridge. 1892). Without the cup. the

specimen is lefi ifl opcfl nomenclature.

Ifj 21 laKocriiudiudd Literal vitwol partial town

i 38951 -I 1

Subclass FLEXIBILIAZittcL 1895

Order I (VXOCRINIDA SpringCC 1 9H

Snperfanulv TAXOCR1NOIDE A

Aimclni. iS?n

Family TAXOCRlNlDAEAngehu. 1S7S

Taxocrinid indet.
(Fig. 21)

MATERIAL QMF38951 Botl CJNBL508, Wc loum-

aiswrt Mulchi Formation

DESCRIPTION Crown slender elongate. Cup

high truncated cone, with unornamcnied plates.

With apical pits. Basals large. 7.3mm wide,

slrongh conve\ transversely w nh shallow -longi-

tudinal medial irough. distally upllared. distal

tips incurved Radials larec, lAOmm long,

14 2mm wide (incomplete). slightly COHVCA

longitudinally, strongly convex transversely

Radial Facets angustaty with sharph convex

outer run. sloping inward, with short central

transverse ndge 1/3 \\ idth offneet. with elongate

ligament pit and large outer area aboral of ridge

inwardly with transverse pi| adjacent to trans-

verse ndge Anal large, proximal 1/2 in line of

radials. Brachials rectilinear, concave or straight

longitudinally, strongly convex transversely, deep.

notntcoTiiaci laterally, withfaini development of

patclloid process, w nil deep w ide V-shaped ambu-

lacra! groove Brachial facets concave. with fine

[Begin Page: Page 274]

274

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

FIG 22. AJ3, Sagenocrinitoid indel., lateral views of opposite sides of disarticulated crown QMF38952a and b

-2.(>.

crenellae and culmina radiating from apex of

ambulacral groove to aboral edge of facet cover-

ing an arc of 195°. Anns branching at least once

and probably several times. Interprimibrachs

unknown, but probably present Anal tube plates

large, with crenulatc edges. Stein unknown.

REM ARKS. QMF3895 1 is the external mould of

both sides of a crushed, disarticulated crow n. The

specimen is assigned to the Taxocrinidac because

the radials are large, upflaringand have angustary

radial facets, and the amis were not abutting. It is

uncertain whether the cup includes more than 1

anal.

Articular facets of the brachials of Forhesio-

crinits nobilis de Koninck & Lc Hon. 1854

(Springer. 1920. pi. 24. figs 13. 15. 18. 19. 23).
Svnerocr'mus incurvus (Trautschold. 1867)

(Springer. 1920. pi. 42. figs 8i. 8k) and

Parichthvocrinus nobilis (Wachsniuth &

Springer. 1880) (Springer. 1920. pi. 61. figs 5-8)

have narrow crcnularia only along the outer

edges of the facet. The crcnularium of this taxon

is quite different, radiating from the growth

centre to the outer edges of the ossicle. The

specimen probably represents a new genus, but is

too incomplete to serve as a holotype.

Order SAGENOCR1NIDA Springer. 1913

Supcrfainily SAGENOCRINITO1DEA

Roemcr. 1854

Sagenocrinitoid indet.

(Fig. 22)

MATERIAL. QMF38952 from QML508, late Toum-

aisian, Malclii Formation,

DESCRIPTION. Partial set of arms, small.

Brachials weakly convex longitudinally, moder-

ately com ex transversely ; (smooth fine granulate

surface reflects grains in matrix). Patelloid

process small, weakly developed. Arms branch

isotomously tw ice; 1 st branching on 3rd brachial

preserved. 2nd branching on 4th brachial of

adjacent parts of first branching. Distal part of

interbrachial. mterpnmibrach. or anal series 2

[Begin Page: Page 275]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

275

large plates followed bj numerous small irreg-

ular plates.

REMARKS. This fragmentary specimen may

represent parts of 2 rays or part of 1 ray. U is

assigned to the Sagcnocrinitoidea based on the

intciprimibraeh or intcrbrachial scries and branch-

ing pattern of the brachials.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Andrew Rozefelds helped collect the Rock-

hampton Group. Loan of specimens by the

curators in charge of collections at the Queens-

land Geological Survey, Geological Survey of

New South Wales, Australian Museum. Aust-

ralian National University and British Museum

is greatly appreciated. Paul Avcrn processed

photographs. GDW extends his appreciation to

Washington Stale University for granting

professional leave and to the Director of the

Queensland Museum for use of facilites and

office space during prosecution of this project.

The reviews of Bill Ausich and George Sevasto-

pulo arc kindly acknowledged.

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[Begin Page: Page 277]

NEW CARBONIFEROUS CRINOIDS

277

APPENDIX 1

Locality Register.

GSQ K-21 - Hill behind Pearson's Homestead 0.8mileN

of Old Cannindah road intersection along Cannindah

Road, Caswell Creek Crroup. Collected by R. McKellar.

GSQ K-106 - Along side road off" Stanwell-Dalma road.

Rockhainpton Sheet 1 :250.000 yd grid:3 1 760852; Ridge-

lands 1:100,000 Sheet GR22024101; Late Carboniferous,

Neerkol Formation. Collected by R. McKellar.

GSQL334 - Neerkol Formation, Late Carboniferous, W of

Rockhainpton.

GSQL3006 - Crow's Nest NW of Mt Morgan, Mount

Morgan 1:100,000 Sheet GR 284854; Gyrnpie Beds of

Jack & Htheridge (1892). Collected by J. Smith, 1888.

GSQL3012 - Malchi Creek, probably Malchi Formation,

W of Rockhainpton. Queensland.

QML508 - Mrs Harding's property, low hills 1km SE of

homestead, above limestone hardground. KV252152;

8915 Ridgelands 1:100,000 Sheet. Rockhainpton Group.

Collected by P.A. Jell & A. Rozefelds.

QML878 - 2000' W of Old Cannindah Homestead,

Queensland. Oolitic limestone in Baywulla Formation,

Earlv Carboniferous.

QML1248 - North side of hill behind Old Cannindah

homestead. Early Carboniferous Caswell Creek Group,

Toumaisian or possibly Visean Tellebang Limestone. 1 8.0

43.5Monto 1:100,000 Sheet.

APPENDIX 2

List of described Carboniferous crinoidtaxa from stratigraphic units of Queensland and New South Wales. Taxa
preceded by an aslerick ( * ) are not treated systematically herein.

Neerkol Formation, Westphalian, Qld.

Denarioacrocrmus neerkol ens is gen. et sp. nov.

Denarioacrocrmus? omatus sp. nov.

Neerkolocrinus typus gen. el sp. nov

Kopriacnnus mckellari sp. nov.

Prininocrinus namoiensis sp. nov.

Baywulla Formation, Visean. Qld.

Litocrinus sp.

Caswell Creek Group. Visean'?. Qld.

Aacocnnus sp. 1

Sampsonocnnus cannindahensis sp. nov.

Dialutocrinus? sp.

Platycrinites nux'l (Etheridge, 1892)

Rockhainpton Group. Malchi Formation, late Toumaisian.

Qld.

Actinocriniies sp. 1

Actinocriniies? sp. 3

Aacocnnus sp. 1
Manillacrinus hrownei (Dun & Benson. 1920)

Platycrinites sp. 2

Platycrinites sp. 3

Platycrinites sp. 4

Cameratc indel.

'Potenocrinites '? smithii (Etheridge, 1892)

Poteriocrininid cup indet.

Poteriocrininid amis indet. #1

Poteriocrininid amis indel. #2

Taxocrinid indet.

Sagenocrinitoid indet.

Neil's Creek Clashes, early or middle Toumaisian. Qld

Actinocriniies sp. 2

Tellebang Limestone, Toumaisian or Visean, Qld.

Aacocnnus acylus sp. nov.

Unknown horizon, possibly Namoi Formation, late

Toumaisian. NSW.

Rhodocrinitid gen. nov.

Dichocrinus cf. D. laudoni Broadhead, 1981

Seylalocrinid? indet.

Namoi Formation, late Toumaisian, NSW.

*Crihanocrinus hisenatus Campbell & Bein. 1971

*< Uyphyrocrinus expansus Lindley. 1988

Manillacrinus acanthus sp. nov.

Manillacrinus hrownei (Dun & Benson. 1920)

Platycrinites testudo Campbell & Bein. 1971

Platycrinites sp. 1

Holcocrinus barrabaensis sp. nov.

Goonoo Goonoo Mudstone, late Toumaisian, NSW.

* Manillacrinus sp. Campbell & Bein. 1971

Platycrinites testudo Campbell & Bein. 1971

* Platycrinites sp. 2 Campbell & Bein. 1971

Synhaihocrinus ogivalis de Koninck, 1878

*Cyathocn ivies sp. Campbell & Bein. 1971

Dangarlield Formation, late Toumaisian, NSW.

*Eumorphocrinus elongatus Lindley. 1979

*G!aphyrocrinus expansus Lindley. 1988

*(}(aphyrocrinus ininuius Lindley, 1988

Flagstaff Formation?, Visean?, NSW.

Actinocrinitid indel.