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    This document is a reproduction of a 19th century medical dictionary that was digitized by Google to preserve information and make it accessible. It contains a preface by the author Robley Dunglison dedicating the third edition to Robert Patterson and discussing improvements made to the work including adding new terms and incorporating synonyms. It also contains a list of common abbreviations used in medical formulas at the time.

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    This document is a reproduction of a 19th century medical dictionary that was digitized by Google to preserve information and make it accessible. It contains a preface by the author Robley Dunglison dedicating the third edition to Robert Patterson and discussing improvements made to the work including adding new terms and incorporating synonyms. It also contains a list of common abbreviations used in medical formulas at the time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    230 views763 pages

    Medical Lexicon A New Dictionary of Medi

    Uploaded by

    Inna Frunza
    This document is a reproduction of a 19th century medical dictionary that was digitized by Google to preserve information and make it accessible. It contains a preface by the author Robley Dunglison dedicating the third edition to Robert Patterson and discussing improvements made to the work including adding new terms and incorporating synonyms. It also contains a list of common abbreviations used in medical formulas at the time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 763

    This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

    by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the


    information in books and make it universally accessible.

    https://books.google.com
    MEDICAL LEXICON.

    A NEW DICTIONARY

    OF

    MEDICAL SCIENCE ,
    CONTAINING

    A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS ;

    WITH THE

    FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES,


    AND

    FORMULÆ FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL AND EMPIRICAL PREPARATIONS, &c .

    THIRD EDITION ,

    GREATLY MODIFIED AND ENLARGED .

    BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D.,


    PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, &c. IN JEFFERSON Medical College, PAILADELPHIA ;
    LECTURER ON CLINICAL MEDICINE AND ATTENDING PHYSICIAN AT THE PHILADELPHIA
    Hospital ; SECRETARY OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, & c . &c.

    PHILADELPHIA :
    LEA & BLANCHARD.

    1842.
    Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by Robley DUNGLISON,
    in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsyl
    vania .
    TETEC

    Ne ‫ܘܶܐ‬
    cher

    4.4 .
    6 5.
    TEL.ch

    H
    TIS
    BRI
    Wm . S. Young , Printer.
    &
    2드

    TO

    ROBERT M. PATTERSON, M. D.,

    DIRECTOR OF THE MINT OF THE UNITED STATES ; VICE PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN
    PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY ; LATE PROFESSOR OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
    IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA ; ETC. ETC.

    MY DEAR DOCTOR,
    When I dedicated the first edition of this work to you, we
    were colleagues in the University of Virginia. Since that period,
    we have been placed in various relations with regard to each
    other ; and in all you have maintained those sterling qualities
    which led me at the time to inscribe it to you. Need I add,
    that I embrace with eagerness the opportunity, a third time
    afforded me, of manifesting to you the regard and esteem with
    which I am
    Faithfully Yours,
    ROBLEY DUNGLISON .
    PHILADELPHIA ,
    SPRUCE STREET, FEBRUARY 6, 1842.
    PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

    THE second edition of this work was exhausted so soon after its
    appearance, that not many new terms were introduced, in the in
    terval, into Medical Nomenclature. These have been added, with
    several that had escaped the author in the former editions. He has,
    likewise, incorporated in the body of the work the synonymes,
    which formed an index of not fewer than twenty thousand
    words in the last edition . This will be found an important
    improvement. If the simple synonymy of a term be needed ,
    a mere reference to it may be sufficient; but if farther in
    formation be desired, it may be obtained in the body of the
    work , under the term referred to . For example, the French
    word Tronc is said to be synonymous with Trunk. This may be
    sufficient for the inquirer ; should it not be, however, the re
    quisite information may be found by turning to “ Trunk.”
    The circumstance of the work not being stereotyped , enables
    the author to be constantly enlarging and improving it; and he
    has no doubt, that the present edition will be found to possess
    stronger claims on the attention of the practitioner and student
    than its predecessors.
    PHILADELPHIA ,
    SPRUCE STREET , FEBRUARY 6, 1842.

    1
    1

    1
    PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

    Tre present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made


    by the author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on
    numerous topics of professional inquiry ,—especially of recent introduction,
    in the medical dictionaries accessible to them .
    It may , indeed , be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of me
    dical subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of
    the science. In proof of this the author need but remark, that he has found
    occasion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met
    with in the only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country.
    The present edition will be found to contain many hundred terms more
    than the first, and to have experienced numerous additions and modifications.
    The author's object has not been to make the work a mere lexicon or dic
    tionary of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various
    medical relations, and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing
    condition of medical science. In its preparation, he has freely availed him
    self of the English, French, and German works of the same nature, and has
    endeavoured to add every subject and term of recent introduction, which
    has fallen under his notice; yet, with all his care, it will doubtless be found
    that subjects have been omitted : the numerous additions, however, which
    he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, “ by removing rubbish
    and clearing obstructions from the paths through which learning and genius
    press forward to conquest and glory,” will, he trusts, extenuate these and
    other objections that might be urged against the work ; especially when the
    toil, which every compiler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into con
    sideration ; a toil which has been so forcibly depicted by the great English
    Lexicographer, as well as by the distinguished SCALIGER :
    “ Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux,
    S'il a tué son père, ou blasphémé les Dieux,
    Qu'il fasse un Lexicon : s'il est supplice au monde
    Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que l'on me tonde.”
    ABBREVIATIONS, &c.

    ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED IN THIS WORK.

    Arab . Arabic . P. Portuguese .


    Ch . Chaussier. Ph. A. Pharmacopeia of America.
    D. Dutch . Ph. D. Do. of. Dublin .

    Da. Danish. Ph . E. Do. of Edinburgh .


    E. English. Ph . L. Do. of London ,

    F. French . Ph . P. Do. of Paris .

    F. or Fah . Fahrenheit. Ph. u . S. Do. of America.

    G. German . R. Réaumur.

    Heb. Hebrew . S. Spanish.


    I. Italian . S. G. Specific Gravity.
    L. Latin . Sw . Swedish .

    Linn . Linnæus , V. S. Venesection .


    A

    NEW DICTIONARY
    OF

    M E DICAL SCIENCE .

    A ABBREVIATION

    A, before a consonant ; An before a vowel , A chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris,
    d , av, have, in the compound medical terms, a and one from Poissy . It was once much fre
    privative or debasing signification, like that of quented , but is now abandoned .
    the particles in , im , un , ir, in English . Thus : ABBEVILLE , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    Stheni'a means strength . Astheni'a, want of An acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville , in the
    strength . Anæmia, want of blood, &c. department of the Somme.
    AACHEN , Aix -la-Chapelle . ABBREVIATION , Abbrevia'tio , Brachyn'sis,
    A , or AA. See Abbreviation . Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. ( F.) Abréviation.
    AARZHIL , MINERAL WATERS OF. A Abbreviations are chiefly used ' in medicinal
    is in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The formulæ . They are by no means as frequently
    chief spring contains muriates of limeand soda, employed now as of old, when every article had
    sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron , and its appropriate symbol. The chief abbreviations
    hydrosulphuric
    ABACH , MINERAL acid gas. WATERS OF . A now adopted are the following:
    B. Recipe, Take.
    bydrosulphuretted saline spring, not far from A. AA, ANA, (arce) utriusque, of each .
    Ratisbon or Regentsberg in Bavaria . ABDOM . Abdomen .
    ABAISSEMENT DE LA MATRICE, Pro- Abs. Febr. Absente febre, In the absence of
    lapsus uteri. fever.
    ABAISSEUR DE L'AILE DU NEZ, De- Ad , or App . Adde or addatur.
    pressor alæ nasi - a. de l'angle des lèvres, De- Ap . Lib. Ad libitum , At pleasure.
    pressor anguli oris -- a. de la lèvre inférieure, Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
    Depressor labii inferioris — a . de la Machoire ALTERN . Hor. Alternis horis, Every other
    inférieure , Digastricus- a . de l'æil, Rectus in - hour.
    ferior oculi. Alv. A'dstrict. Aldo adstrictâ, The bowels
    ABALIENA'TUS. Corruptus. Corrupted. being confined.
    Membra abaliena'la . Limbs dead, or benumbed . AQ. Aqua, Water.
    -Celsus, Scribonius Largus. AQ. Comm . Aqua communis , Common water.
    ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants Aq . Font. Aqua fontis, Spring water.
    of St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the AQ. Bull. Aqua bulliens, Boiling water.
    seeds of which they consider very useful in dis- AQ. Ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot water.
    eases of the chest, in the dose of three or four, AQ . MARIN. Aqua marina, Sea water.
    given two orthree times a day. B. A. Balneum arena , A sand -bath .
    ABAPTIST'A . Abaptiston, from a privative, Bals . Balsamum , Balsam .
    and Battisov, ' to plunge.' A term applied to B. B. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
    the old Trepan, the conical shape of which Bib . Bibe, Drink.
    prevented it from plunging suddenly into the Bis. Ind . Bis indies, Twice daily.
    cavity of the cranium . B. M. Balneum mariæ , A salt water bath .
    ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree , which BOL . Bolus.
    grows in the mountains, and appears to be a Bull . Bulliat, Let it boil .
    mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its But, Butyrum , Butter.
    bark, which is bitter and astringent, was ap B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapor-bath .
    plied, in that country, to ulcers of a bad cha- CÆRUL . Cærulcus, Blue .
    racter. Cap. Capiat, Let him take.
    ABARNAHAS , Magnesia. C. C. Cornu cervi, Hartshorn.
    ABARTICULATIO , Diarthrosis and Sy- C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustum , Burnt harts
    narthrosis . horn .
    ABATTIS, Giblets. C. M. Cras manè, To -morrow morning .
    ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF . Cochl. Cochlearé, A spoonful.
    2
    ABBREVIATION 10 ABBREVIATION

    Cochl . Ampl. Cochleare amplum , A large Glt. or Gutt. QUIBUSD . Guttis quibusdam ,
    spoonful. With some drops.
    Cochl. Inf . Cochleare Infantum , A child's Gum . Gummi, Gum.
    spoonful. GUTTAT. Guttatim , By drops.
    Hor. Decob . Horâ decubitûs, At bed -lime.
    Cochl. Mod . or MED . Cochleare modicum or
    medium , A dessert spoonful. HoR . INTERM . Horis intermediis, At interme
    Cochl. Parv. Cochleare parvum , A tea- diate hours.
    spoonful. H. S. Horâ somni, At bed-time.
    Col. Cola , colature , Strain, and to the Inf . Infunde, Infuse .
    strained . Ind . Indies, Daily.
    Comp. Compositus, Compound. Ind. Enem . ' Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster be
    Conf. Confectio, Confection . given.
    Cons. Conserva , Conserve. IN Pula. In pulmento , In gruel.
    Cont. Continuetur, Let it be continued . Jul . Julepus, a julep .
    Coq. Coque, Boil . Lat . Dol. Lateri dolenti, To the pained side .
    Cort. Cortex , Bark . LB. and Lib . Libra, A pound weight.
    Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow. LLB. Libre , Pounds .
    Cus . Cujus, Of which. LiQ. Liquor.
    Course . Cujuslibet, Of any. M. Misce, Mix .
    Crati . Cyathus, A glassful. Mac . Macera, Macerate .
    Cyath . THEÆ , A cup of tea. Man . Manipulus, A handful .
    D. Dosis, A dose . Man . Prim. Mane primo, Early in the morn
    D. et S. Detur et signetur, (placed at the ending.
    of a prescription .) Mic . Pan. Mica panis, Crumb of bread .
    D. D. Detur ad , Let it be given in or to . Min. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm ,
    D. D. Vitr. Detur ad vitrum , Let it be given by measure .
    in a glass. Mitt. Mitte, Send.
    DEAUR Pil. Deaurentur pilula , Let the pills Mitt . Sang. Mittatur sanguinis, Let blood
    be gilded . be drawn .
    DEB . Spiss . Debita spissitudo, A due consist- Mod. PRÆSCRIPT. Modo Præscripto, In the
    ence . manner directed .
    Dec, Decanta, Pour off. Mor. Sol. More solito, In the usu manner .
    Decub. Decubitus, Lying down , going to bed. Muc . Mucilago, Mucilage.
    DE D. IN D. De die in diem , From day to day . N. M. Nur moschata , Nutmeg .
    Dej. Alv. Dejectiones aldi, Alvine evacua- 0. Octarius, A pint.
    tions. OL. Oleum , Oil.
    DEP . Depuratus, Purified . OL. Lini , $. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold
    Det . Detur, Let it be given. drawn linseed oil .
    DIEB. ALTERN. Diebus alternis, Every other Omn . Bid . Omni biduo, Every two days.
    day. Omn. BiH . Omni bihorio, Every two hours.
    Dieb . Tert. Diebus tertiis, Every third day . Omn . Hor. Omni Hora, Every hour.
    Dır . Digeratur, Let it be digested. Omn . Man. Omni mane, Every morning.
    Dır . Dilutus, Dilute. Omn . NocTE , Every night.
    Dim . Dimidius, One half. Omn . QUADR . Hon. Omni quadrante hore ,
    Dist. Distilla , Distil . Every quarter of an hour.
    Div . Divide, Divide . o . o. o. Oleum olive optimum , Best Olive
    Donec . Alv. Solut , FUER. Donec altus so- oil.
    luta fuerit, Until the bowels are opened . Ov. Odum , An egg.
    Drach . Drachma , A drachm . Ox . Orymel.
    EJUSD . Ejusdem , Of the same. Oz , Uncia , An ounce.
    Enem . Enema, A clyster. P. Pondere, by weight.
    Exhib . Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited. P. and Pug . Pugillus, a pugil.
    Ext. SUPER Alut. Extende super alutam , P. Æ. Partes æquales, Equal parts.
    Spread upon leather . Part. Vic . Partitis vicibus, In divided doses.
    F. Fiat, Let it be made . Peract . Op . Emet. Peractâ operatione eme.
    F. Pil . Fiat pilula, Make into a pill. tici , The operation of the emetic being over.
    F. VENÆs. or F. V. s . Fiat venæ sectio, Let Pil. Pilula , A pill .
    bleeding be performed. Post . Sing . SED . Liq . Post singulas sedes li
    Feb. Dur. Febre durante, The fever continu- quidas, After every liquid evacuation .
    ing. Pot. Potio, A potion .
    Fem . INTERN. Femoribus internis, To the in- P. P. Pulvis patrum , Jesuits' bark .
    side of the thighs. P. Rat. Ætat . Pro rationeætatis, According
    Fist. ARMAT. Fistula armata , A bag and to the age.
    pipe, a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use. P. R. N. Pro re natâ, As occasion may be.
    Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid , and Flowers . Pulv . Pulvis, A powder.
    Frust. Frustillatim , In small pieces. Q. P. Quantum placeat, As much as may
    GEL. Quâvis. Gelatinâ quâvis, In any kind please .
    of jelly. Q. S. Quantum sufficiat, as much as is suffi
    G. G. G. Gummi gulte Gambia, Gamboge. cient.
    Gr . Granum, A grain. Quor. Quorum, Of which .
    Gut. Gutta , A drop. Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish .
    .

    ABCÈS 11 ABDUCTOR

    Rad . Radix , Root. ABDOMEN , from all dere, ' to conceal ;' '
    Ras. Rasuræ, Shavings. Etron, Hypogastrion, Epischion, Lapara, Hypo
    Rect. Rectificalus, Rectified. choilion, Gaster, Hypoutrion , Nedys, Abdu'men,
    Red . or Redig . in Pulv. Redactus in pulve- Venter imus, Venter in'fimus, Ålvus, U'terus.
    Tem , or Redigatur in pulverem , Powdered, or Let (F) Ventre, V.inféricur, Bas ventre. The largest
    it be powdered. of the three splanchnic cavities, bounded, above,
    Reg. UMBIL. Regio umbilici, The umbilical by the diaphragm ; below, by the pelvis ; be
    region. hind, by the lumbar vertebræ ; and at the sides
    Repet. Repetatur, Let it be repeated. and fore part , by muscular expansions. It is
    S. A. Secundum artem , According to art. distinguished into three anterior regions, from
    Sem . Semen , Seed. above to below ; viz, the epigastric, umbilical,
    SEMI.DR. Semi-drachma, Half a drachm . and hypogastric, each of which is itself divided
    SEMI- H. Semi- hora, Half an hour. into three others , one middle , and two lateral :
    Sery . Serra , Keep, preserve. thus, the epigastric region comprises the epigas.
    SESQUI !. Sesquihora, An hour and a half . trium and hypochondria ; the umbilical, the um .
    Sesunc. Sesuncia , An ounce and a half. bilicus and flanks or lumbar regions ; and the
    Si Non Val . Si non valeat, If it does not an- hypogastric, the hypogastriurn and iliac regions.
    swer. None of these regions has its limits well defined .
    Si Or. Sır. Si opus sit. If there be need. The chief viscera contained in the Abdomen
    $. Vir. Perm. Si vires permittant, If the are the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pan :
    strength will permit. creas, kidneys, &c. It is lined by the perito.
    Solv . Solde, Dissolve. neum .
    Sp . and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit. ABDOMINAL , Abdomina'lis. That which
    Ss . Semi, One half. belongs to the Abdomen , as abdominal muscles,
    St. Stet, Let it stand . abdominal viscera , & c .
    SUB . Fin. Coct. Sub finem coctionis, Towards ABDOMINOSCOP'IA . A hybrid word ,
    the end of the boiling . from Abdomen , the lower belly ,' and oxOTE ,
    Som.
    The tops
    Sumat, Lethim take; also, Summitates, : 1 view .? Laparoscoʻpia ,'examination of the
    . lower belly as a means of Diagnosis. See Aus
    S. V. Spiritus vini, Spirit of wine. cultation .
    S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectificatus, Rectified ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli
    spirit wine . oris.
    S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of ABDUCENTES , Motor oculi externus.
    wine . ABDUCTEUR DE L'EIL , Rectus exter
    Syr. Syrupus, Syrup. nus oculi - a . de l'oreille, Abductor aurisma.du
    TEMP. Dext. Bempori dextro, To the right gros orteil,Abductor pollicis pedis — a. du petit
    temple. orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis - a. court
    T. 0.Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium . du pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis - a. long du
    TR ., Ti and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture. pouce, Abductorlongus pollicis.
    Trit. Tritura , Triturate . ABDUCTION . Abductio , from abdu'cere, to
    V.O.S. or Vır. Ov . Sol . Vitello ovi solutus,separate. The movement which separates a
    Dissolved in the yelk of an egg. limb or other part from the axis of the body .
    Z. Z. anciently myrrh : now zinziber , or gin- The word has also been used synonymously
    ger. with Abruptio, Apag'ma, Apoclasima, a fracture
    1b, Libra, A pound. near the articular extremity of a bone, with
    3 , Vucia, An ounce. separation of the fragments.
    3, Drachma, A drachm . ABDUCTOR, same etymon . (F) Abductcur.
    3 , Scrupulum , A scruple. A muscle which moves certain parts by sepa
    me, Minimum , A minim . rating them from the axis of the body.
    ss, Semissis, or half ; iss, one and a half. ABDUCTOR AURICULARIS, Abductor auris
    j , one ; ij, two ; iij, three ; iv, four, &c . a. Indicis pedis , Prior indicis pedis, Posterior
    indicis pedis-a. Medii digiti pedis, Prior
    The same system is not always followed in medii digiti pedis-a. Minimi digiti, Flexor
    abbreviating.
    usual mode :
    The subjoined will exhibit the parvus minimi digiti - a. Minimidigiti, Prior
    minimi digiti - a. Oculi , Rectus externus oculi
    R -a. Pollicis manus, and a. Brevis alter, Abduc
    Infus. Colomb. 3 iss tor pollicis brevis.
    Tinct. gent. c. Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris. (F)
    Syr. Cort. Aurant. ij. Abducteur de l'oreille . A portion of the posle
    Tinct. Caps. git. XL . M rior auris, the existence of which is not con
    Capt. Coch. ij. p . r. n. stant, and which passes from the mastoid pro
    cess to the concha .
    This, written at length, is as follows : ABDUCTOR IN'DICIS. Scmi-interos'seus indi.
    Recipe. cis. A muscle which arises from the os trape
    Infusi Colomba , sesqui-unciam , zium and metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is
    Tinctura Gentiana Composita , drachmain , inserted into the first bone of the forefinger.
    Syrupi Corticis Aurantiorum , scrupula duo, Its use is to bring the forefinger towards the
    Tincture Capsici, guttas quadraginta. thumb.
    Misce . ABDUCTOR Miu'mi Dig” iti, Carpo -phalan
    Capiat cochlearia duo pro re natâ. geus min'imi digiti, Carpo-phalangien du petit
    ABCÈS, Abscess. doigt, Exten'sor tertii interno'dii minimi digiti
    ABDUMEN 12 ABLUTION

    -- (Douglas.) Hypoth'enar minor metacarpeus.) ABENSBERG , MINERAL WATERS OF.


    See Flexor parvus. It originates fleshy from A. is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold ,
    the os pisiforme, and from the annular ligament sulphureous spring:
    near it ; and is inserted, tendinous, into the ABERRATION , Aberra'tio, from aberra're,
    inner side of the base of the first bone of the to wander from . This word has several means
    little finger. Use, to draw the little finger from ings.
    the rest. i . The passage of a fluid of the living body
    ABDUCTOR MINIMI Digiti PedIS , Calco-sub- into an order of vessels not destined for it. The
    phalangeus minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien passage of red blood, for example, into white
    du petit orteil, Parath'enar major- (Winslow , vessels.
    by whom the muscle is divided into two por- In this sense it is synonymous with the Er.
    tions. Parathenar major and metatarseus.) Cal- ror Loci of Boerhaave.
    caneo -sous-phalangien du petit orteil—(Ch .) 2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ dif
    (F) Abducteur du petit orteil. This muscle forms ferent from that to which it is ordinarily di
    the outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is rected; as in cases of vicarious hemorrhage .
    immediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. Aberrations of sense or judgment are certain
    It arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer errors in the images perceived or certain de
    side of the protuberance of the os calcis, and rangements of the intellectual faculties.
    from the root of the metatarsal bone of the lit- The word is used in optics to designate the
    tle toe , and is inserted into the outer part of the dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
    root of the first bone of the little toe . Use. To a lens .
    draw the little toe outwards . The Aberration or Spheric"ity, or spher .
    ABDUCTOR POL·LICIS Brevis , Abductor Pol. ical aberra'tion, takes place, when the rays, as
    licis Manus, Scapho- carpo-super -phalangeus Pol- in a common lens, which pass through the cen
    licis, Sus-phalangien du pouce,A. pollicis manus tre of the lens, and those which pass near the
    and A. brevis aller- (Albinus.), (F) Abducteur circumference, are unequally refracted, so that
    court du pouce. Carpo- sus -phalangien du pouce they do not meet at a common focus.
    - (Ch .) A short, flat, triangular muscle , which This aberration of sphericity in the human
    arises from the anterior surface of the os sca- eye is corrected by the iris. i
    phoides and the annular ligament of the car. The ABERRITION OF REFRANGIBIL'ITY ex H
    pus, and terminates at the outside of the upper ists, when , as in a common lens, the raysthat
    extremity
    particular of the first
    portion, onphalanx of theside
    the inner thumb. A passnearthe circumference of the lens are de
    ofthis
    composed, so that a coloured image is observed .
    muscle, is called , by Albinus, Abduc'tor brevis This aberration in the human eye is corrected
    alter . by the iris, which does not permit the rays to
    ABDUCTOR Longus POLLICIS, A. I. P. Manûs, fållnear the circumference of thelens, and also
    Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis manûs, Exten- by the crystalline lens itself, which , owing to
    sor primi internodii- (Douglas,) Extensor pri. its structure, serves the purposes of an achro
    mus Pollicis, Cubito-radi-sus-métacarpien du matic glass.
    pouce , Cubito -sus-métacarpien du pouce,- ABĒSSI , Realgar.
    (Ch.) ( F ) Abducteur long du pouce. А ABEVACUATIO . sis, from ab,
    long, thin muscle ,arisingfrom theposterior diminutive,and evacuo, 'Apoceno' I empty. An evac
    surface of the ulna, radius , and interosseous uation . A partialor imperfect evacuation . By
    ligament , and inserted at the outer side of the some , it is applied to an immoderate evacua
    upper extremity of the first metacarpal bone . tion . - Kraus.
    ABDUCTOR Pollicis Penis , Calco- sub -pha ABHAL. A fruit well known in India , and
    langeus Pol'licis. (F ) Abducteur du gros orteil.
    This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior obtained from a species of cypress. It passes
    and inner part of the protuberance of the oscal. for an emmenagogue.
    cis, and tendinous from the same bone where it ABIES , Pinus Picea- a. Canadensis, Pinus
    joins with the os naviculare. It is inserted, ten- balsamea — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. 'Rubra,
    dinous , into the internal os sesamoideum and Pinus rubra.
    root of the first bone of the great toe. Use. To ABIGA , Teucrum Chamæpitys.
    pull the great toe from the rest. ABIOTOS , Conium Maculatum ,
    The name Abductor has been given also to ABIRRITA TION. Ab-irrita'lio , from ab,
    all those interosseous muscles of the hand and privative , and irrita'tio , ' irritation . This word
    foot,which perform the motion of abduction on strictly means, absence or defect of irritation .
    the fingers or toes, and to muscles which exe. The disciples of Broussais use it to indicate a
    cute the samefunction on other parts of thebody. pathological condition , opposite to that of irri
    ABDUMEN , Abdomen . tation . It may be considered as synonymous
    A BEBÆ'08, from a neg. and 3132195 , ' firm ,' with Debility , Asthenia ,&c.
    infir'mus, deb'ilis. Weak, infirm , unsteady. ABLACTATIO , Weaning.
    ABEILLE , Bee . ABLATIO , Extirpation .
    ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus Abelmoschus. ABLUENS , Abstergent.
    ABELMUSK , Ilibiscus Abelmoschus. ABLU'TION . Ablu'tio , Aponip'sis, Cata
    ABELMELUCH . One of the names of the clys’mus, from Ablu'ere, to wash . A name
    Ricinus, according to some authors. — Prosper given to legal ceremonies in which the body is
    Alpinus says that a tree, which grows about subjected to particular affusions, Ablution
    Mecca , is so called . Its seeds, which are black (especially of the extremities) with cold or te
    and oblong, are said to be a most violent ca. pid water is employed, therapeutically to reduce
    thartic . |febrile heat. Also , the washing by which me
    ABNORMAL 13 ABSCESSUS , & c .
    dicines are separated from the extraneous mat- ABRACADA'BRA : the name of a Syrian
    ters mixed with them. Idol, according to Selden . This word, when
    ABNORMAL, Abnormous. pronounced and repeated in a certain form and
    ABNORMITAS , Anomalia. à certain number of times , was supposed to
    ABNORMOUS, Abnormal, Anormal, from have the power of curing fevers and preventing
    ab, from , and norma , ' rule.' Not conformable many diseases. It was figured on amulets and
    to rule, irregular . worn suspended round the neck .
    ABOLI "TION , Aboli" tio, destruction or sup a bracadabra
    pression . A word , often employed , especially bra cad a bra
    by the French, to express the complete suspen . raca da bra
    sion of any symptom or function . Abolition of a cada bra
    the sight, e . g. is the complete loss of sight. ca da bra
    ABOMA'ŠUS , Abomasum , Enys'tron, Ren. a d a bra
    net. The lowermost or fourth stomach of rumi dabra
    nating animals. a bra
    ABOMINATIO , Disgust. bra
    ABONDANCE , Plethora . ra
    A BORSIO , Abortion . a
    A BORSUS , Abortion . ABRACALAN , A cabalistic term to which
    ABORTIF , Abortive.
    ABORTION, Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Abor'sio, the Jews attributed the same virtue as to the
    word ABRACADABRA .
    Dysto'cia aborti'ra, Omotocia, Paracye'sis abor ABRASAX , Abrabax .
    tus, Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Diaph'thora, Ectro'sis,
    Eramblo'ma, Examblo'sis, Ectros'mos, Apopal. ABRA'SION , Abra'sio, Aposyr'ma, Apozys';
    le'sis, Apopal'sis,Apophthora, Pthora , Concul'- mus, from abra'dere, ' to rasp . A superficial
    sio u'teri, Deperditio . _( F) Adortement, Bles- excoriation, with loss of substance, under the
    sure, Miscarriage. The expulsion of the form of small shreds,in the mucous membrane
    fætus before the seventh month of uterogesta- of the intestines. ( F) Raclure des Boyaux.
    tion , or before it is viable. (q . v . ) The causes Also , an ulceration of the skin , possessing simi
    of this accident are referrible either to the mo- lar characters. According to Vicq d'Azyr, the
    ther, and particularly to the uterus ; or to the word has been used for the absorption of the
    fætus and its dependencies. The causes, in the molecules composing the various organs .
    mother, may be :-extreme nervous suscepti- ABRATHAN , Artemisia abrotanum .
    bility, greatdebility, plethora; faulty conform- ABRAXAS , Abrabax .
    ation , & c.; and it is frequently induced imme- ABRÉVIATION, Abbreviation .
    diately by intense mental emotion , violent ABRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
    exercise, &c . The causes seated in the fætus ABROSIA , Abstinence.
    are its death , rupture of the membranes, & c . It ABROTANUM CATHSUM , Artemisia
    most frequently occurs between the 8th and abrotanum - a.Mas, Artemisia abrotanum .
    12th weeks of gestation . The symptoms of ABROTONI'TES, BOTOVITNS, (ovos wine'
    abortion are :-uterine hemorrhage with or understood .) Wine impregnated with the Ar
    without flakes of decidua, with intermitting temisia Abrotanum or Southernwood.
    pain . When abortion has once taken place, it ABRUPTIO , Abduction .
    is extremely apt to recur in subsequent preg. ABSCESS, from abscedo ,' I depart,' or < se
    pancies about the same period. Some writers parate from. Absces'sus, Absces'sio, Aphiste'sis,
    have called abortion, when it occurs prior to Aposte'ma, Impos'thumé, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis,
    three months, Eflution . The treatment must Reces'sus. ( F ). Abcès, Depôt . A collection
    vary according to the constitution of the patient of pus in a cavity,the result of a morbid pro
    and the causes giving rise to it. In all cases , cess. See Pyogenia and Suppuration:
    the horizontal posture and perfect quietude are The French have various distinctive terms
    indispensable. for Abscesses.
    ABORTION is likewise applied to the pro- The Abcès chaud , aigu, soudain , is one which
    duct of an untimely birth . Amblothrid'ion , follows violent inflammation .
    Ectroma, Abortment. ( F) Acorton , Arortin . The Abcès froid, chronique, scrofuleur, one
    TO ABORT', Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F) which is the result of chronic or scrofulous in
    Avorter. flammation .
    ABOR'TIVE ,Aborti'ous,Amblo'ticus, Phthor'. The Abcès par congestion, A. métastatique,
    ius, Apophthor'ius. Ectrot'icus. (F) Abor- is a symptomatic abscess, one which occurs in
    tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro- a part at a distance from the inflammation by
    perty of causing abortion. There is probably which it is occasioned: e. g. a lumbar abscess;
    no direct agent of the kind . (q . v .) in which the inflammation may be in the
    ABORTMENT, Abortion. lumbar vertebræ , whilst the pus exhibits itself
    ABORTUS , Abortion. at the groin.
    ABOUCHEMENT, Anastomosis. ABSCESS, PSOAS , Lumbar abscess.
    ABOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration. ABSCESSUS CAPITIS SANGUINEUS
    A BOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, NEONATORUM, Cephalæmatoma—a. Gan
    according to Flacourt,in the practice of the grænescens, Anthrax-a. Gangrænosus, An
    country , in diseases of the heart. thrax - a. Lumborum , Lumbar abscess -a .
    ABRABAX , Abrasar, Abruxas. A mystic Mammæ, Mastodynia apostematosa — a .Nuclea
    term expressing the number 365 , and to which tus, Furunculus-a. " Oculi , Hypopyon — a.
    the Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. Pectoris, Empyemama. Pulmonum , Empyema
    ABSCISION 14 ACACIÆ GUMMI

    -a . Spirituosus , Aneurism - a . Thoracis, Em- Absorption does not effect the decomposition
    pyema. of the body immediately . It merely prepares
    ABSCIS’ION, Abscis'io, Abscis'sio, from theAuid which hastobe eliminated by the se
    absci'dere or abscin'dere, ' to cut off ' Apoc'ope, cretory organs.
    Apothrau'sis, Diac'ope. Excision or extirpation The great agents of external absorption are
    of a part, especially of a soft part . Fabricius the veins and chyliferous vessels ; of internal
    Hildanus . absorption, probably the lymphatics . In the
    A fracture or injury of soft parts with loss of chyliferous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is
    substance. — Hippocrates. always found to possess the same general pro
    Diminution , or loss of voice . - Celsus. perties . In them , therefore, an action of ela
    Sudden and premature termination of a dis- boration or selection must have taken place .
    ease . — Galen . The veins , on the other hand , seem to exert
    ABSCISSIO PRÆPUTII , Circumcision . no selection. Any Auid , possessing the neces
    ABSCONSIO , Sinus . sary tenuity, passes through the coals of the
    ABSINTHI'TES, aforgotns, Apsinthi'les, vessel readily by imbibition, and proceeds along
    Wine impregnated with Absinthium or Worm- with the torrent of the circulation. Watery
    wood . — Dioscorides. fluids in this manner enter the blood when they
    ABSINTHIUM , Artemisia absinthium-a. are taken into the stomach . Substances that
    Maritimum, Artemisia maritima —a. Ponti . require digestion , on the other hand , must pass
    cum , Artemisia pontica — a. Romanum , Arte- through the chyliferous vessels and thoracic
    misia pontica — a . Santonicum , Artemisia san- duct.
    tonica . ABSTÈME, Abstemious.
    ABSORBANT, Absorbent. ABSTEMIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from
    ABSOR'BENT , Absor'bens from absorbere, abs, without,' and teme'tum , ' wine .' ( F)
    " to drink , to suck up .' ( F ) Absorbant. That | Abstème. Used by the ancient writers as well
    which absorbs. as by the French in the sense only of its roots ;
    The ABSORBENT System is the collection of - one who abstains from wine or fermented li
    vessels and glands , which concur in the exer- quors in general.
    cise of absorption. ABSTER'GENT, from abster'gere, i to
    A inedicine used for absorbing acidity in clean .' Abstersi'ous, Abster'side, Abluens, Ab
    the stomach and bowels , as magnesia, chalk , sterso'rius, Deter' gens , Rhyp'ticus, Traumaticus.
    &c . A medicine that cleanses the part to which it is
    Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge , applied .
    &c. , which, when applied to a bleeding surface, ABSTERGENTIA , Detergents.
    retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and ABSTERSIVUS , Abstergent.
    adhesive compound , which arrests the hemor- ABSTERSORIUS , Abstergent.
    rhage . AB'STINENCE, Abstinentia, from abs,
    ABSORP'TION, Resorp'tio, Inhala'tio , Imbi- ' from ,' and tenere, to hold, Abrosia , Asitia,
    bi'tio, Absorp'tio , Catarrhophe'sis, Catar'rhophe, Liman'chia , Limocto'nia, Fasting. Privation,
    same etymon. The function of absorbent ves usually voluntary, as when we speak of absti
    sels, by virtue of which they take up substances nence from pleasure,abstinence from drink, &c.
    from without or within the body. Two great It is more particularly used to signify voluntary
    divisions have been made of this function. 1. privation of certain articles of food. Fasting
    External absorption ,or the absorption of compo - is a useful remedial agent in certain diseases,
    sition, which obtains, from without the organs, particularly in those of an inflammatory cha
    the materials intended for their composition : racter.
    and, 2. Internal absorption , or the absorption of ABSUS , a kind of cassia- C. Absus — which
    decomposition, which takes up from the organs grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of
    the materials that have to be replaced by the which, pulverized and mixed with powdered
    exhalants. sugar, have been employed , in form of a dry
    By external absorption is meant not only that collyrium , in the endemic ophthalmia of Egypt.
    which takes place at the external surface of the ABUS DE SOI-MÊME , Masturbation .
    body, but also that of the mucous membranes of ABUTA , Pareira brava.
    the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence , ABVACUATIO , an excessive or colliqua
    again , the division of external absorption into tive evacuation of any kind.
    cutaneous, intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary ACACIA GERMANICA, see Prunus spi.
    or respiratory . nosa - a. Indica , Tamarindus — a. Nostras , see
    Internal absorption is also subdivided into , Prunus spinosa-a. Vera , see Acaciæ gummi
    Molecular or interstitial, nutritive or organic, -a. Zeylonica , Hæmatoxylon Campechianum .
    which takes up from each organ the materials ACACIÆ GUMMI, G. Aca'ciæ Arab'ice , G.
    that constitute it,so that the decomposition is Arab'icum, G. Acanthinum , G. Leucum , G. The
    always in equilibrio with the deposition . 2. baicum , G. Serapio'nis, G. Lamac, G. Senega or
    The absorption of recrementilial secreted fluids, Seneca, Gum Ar'abic. (F) Gomme Arabique.
    such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, The gum of the Mimosa Nilot'ica, Aca'cia vera ,
    &c. As these are constantly exhaled on sur- Spina Ægyptiaca , of Upper Egypt , Nat. Ord.
    faces, which have no external outlet, they Mimosex . Ser. Syst. Polygamia Monæcia. It
    would augment indefinitely, it' absorption did is in irregular pieces, colourless , or of a pale
    not remove them in the same proportion as that yellow colour, hard , brittle , of a shining frac
    in which they are deposited. 3. The absorption ture, transparent , soluble in water, and insolu
    of a part of the excrementitial secreted fluids, as ble in alcohol . s. g . 1.4317 .
    they pass over the excretory passages . It is mucilaginous; but is rarely used, except
    ACAJOU 15 ACCLIMATION

    in Pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered and


    alone as a demulcent.
    beginning of the corpus cavernosum penis.
    In its course it forms a thin, fleshy layer , the
    ACAJOU, Anacardium occidentale . inferior fibres of which run more transversely
    ACAM'ATOS, from a priv . and ethere , ' I than the superior, which descend in an oblique
    labour.' This word has been sometimes used direction ; the muscles of both sides completely
    for a good constitution of the body. According enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is inserted
    to Galen, it means that position in which å into its fellow by a tendinous line running lon
    limb is intermediate between flexion and exten- gitudinally on the middle of the bulb . lis use
    sion ; a position which may be long maintained is to propel the urine or semen forwards.
    without fatigue. ACCÈNT, Sonus vocis. Inflection or modi.
    ACAMPŠIA , Contractura . fication of the voice , which consists in raising
    ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium. or dropping it on certain syllables.
    ACANTHA , Vertebral column. Also, Spi. The accent exhibits various alterations in
    nous process of a vertebra . disease .
    ACANTHAB'OLOS , Acan'thulus, Volsella , ACCES, Paroxysm .
    from axarte, " a spine,' and Benaco, ' cast ACCES'SION , Acces'sio, from acce'do, ' I
    out.' A kind of forceps for removing extra- approach.' The invasion, approach, or com
    neous substances from wounds. - Paulus of mencement of a disease .
    Ægina, Fabricius ab Acquapendente, Scultetus , ACCESSOIRE , Accessory — a. du long flé.
    &c . chisseur commun des orteils : see Flexor longus
    ACANTHALZUCA , Echinops. digitorum pedis profundus perforans (accesso:
    ACANTHE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy . rius ) —a. de l'Obturateur interne, Ischio -tro
    lium. chanterianus - a. du pied d'Hippocampe : see
    ACANTHIUM , Onopordium acanthium . Cornu ammonis -- a du Sacro- lombaire : see Sa
    ACANTHULUS , Acanthabolos . cro - lumbalis.
    ACANTHUS MOLLIS, Melamphyllum , ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS
    Braz'ca ursi'na, Brankur'sine, Bear's Breech , DIGITORUM PEDIS : see Flexor longus
    (F) Pied d'ours. This plant is mucilaginous digitorum pedis profundus perforans (accesso
    like the Althæa, and is used as a demulcent. rius)—a. Pedis hippocampi. See Cornu ammo
    ACAPATLI, Piper longum . nis .
    ACAR'DIA from a priv., and topsia , ' the AC'CESSORY , Accesso'rius, (F) Accessoire,
    heart.' The state of a fætus without a heart . Annexe. A consequence or dependance on any
    ACARICOBA . The Brazilian name for the thing ; as accessory ligament, muscle, nerde , &c .
    Hydrocotylē umbella'tum , used by the Indians as The ACCESSORY SCIENCES TO MEDICINE are
    an aromatic , alexipharmic , and emetic. those which do not relate directly to the science
    ACARON , Myrica gale. of man in a state of health or disease; as phy
    AC'ARUS from a privative, and x sepas , di- sics, chymistry , &c .
    visible.' A minute insect, noticed by several The term accessory is also given to several
    observers, in the itch. The Acarus Scabici , muscles.
    Sarcopte, Ciron . The ACCESSORY OF THE PAROT'id is a name
    Acarus Ciro, see Psora — a . Scabiei, see given by Haller to a small gland, which ac
    Psora. companies the parotid duct, and which is com
    ACATALEP'SIA from a privative, and monly
    XETAALBzra , ' I comprehend. Uncertainty
    a mere prolongation ofthe Parotid itself.
    AccESSORY OF THE PAR VAGUM , Spinal
    in diagnosi s. Its opposite is Catalepsia. — Ga- nerve .
    len . ACCESSUS , Coition .
    ACATAP'OSIS, from a privative, and xsite- ACCIDENS, Symptoma — a. Consecutifs,
    TOCH , deglutition . Incapacity of swallowing. Consecutive phenomena .
    Vogel has given this name to difficulty in deg- AC'CIDENT, Accidens, from accidere, to
    lutition . happen. A casualty ; an unforeseen event. The
    ACATASTATIC, Acatastaticus, from a French use the term in nearly the same sense
    priv., and ratio tuub, to determine.' An epi- as symptom. It means also an unexpected
    thet given to fevers, &c., when irregular in symptom .
    their periods or symptoms. - Hippocrates. ACCIDENTAL, adventi'tious. That which
    ACATHAR’SÍA , from a priv ., and xsetas- happens unexpectedly .
    Pi& o , ' I purge.' Sordes, Impurities. Omission The French give the name Tissus accidentels
    of a purgative. - Foësius. to those adventitious textures, that are the result
    ACATSJAVAL/LI, a Malabar plant,which of a morbidprocess.
    is astringent and aromatic. A bath'of it is used ACCIPITER , Hierax , itgage the hawk.'
    in the country in cases of Hemicrania. It is Menec'ratis Accipiter. ( F ) Éperdier. A ban
    supposed to be the Cassytha filiformis of Lin- dage applied over the nose , so called from its
    Dæus . likeness to the claw of a hawk.
    ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum . ACCLIMATED , Clima'ti assue'tus, a word
    ACCABLEMÉNT, Torpor. of recent introduction from the French, which
    ACCÉLÉRATEUR, Accelerator urine . means ' accustomed to a climate .'
    ACCELERATOR URI'NÆ , Bulbo - caver- ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation .
    no'sus, Bulbo-uretral- (Ch.) Ejacula'tor Semi'. ACCLIMATION, Seasoning. (F). Accli.
    nis, Bulbo-syndesmo- caverneur. ( F) Accéléra- matement. The act of becoming acclimated ,
    to a climate.
    teur. A muscle of the penis, which arises, or accustomeditution
    fleshy, from the sphincter ani and membranous TH of a person, who goes to
    part of the urethra, and tendinous from the crus live in another and very different climate,
    ACCOMPANIMENT 16 ACETICUM

    usually experiences changes, which are fre- ACE’RIDES , from a privative , and xngos,
    quently of an unfavourable character, and the wax . Plasters devoid of wax . - Galen .
    study of which is of considerable importance in
    ACERO'SUS , .Ichyro'des, Pithyri'nus, from
    medicine.
    a xuqor, ' chaff.' Furfura'ceous. An cpithet used ,
    ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjunctum . ( F) Ac- by Hippocrates, for the coarsest bread, made of
    compagnement. That which is joined to any flour not separated from the chaff. – Foësius.
    thing. ACERVULUS CEREBRI . See Pineal
    An Accompanimentto thecataract is a whitish , Gland .
    viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds ACES'CENCY , Acescen'tia, from aces'cere,
    the opaque crystalline and remains after the to grow sour.' A disposition to acidity. The
    operation for cataract, causing a secondary Humourists believed thatthe animalhumours
    cataract. are susceptible of this change.
    ACCOUCHÉE , Puerpera . ACESİS, Çuration, Medicament.
    ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labo- ACESMA , Medicament.
    rious, Dystocia — a. Contre nature, see Presenta- ACESTOR, Physician .
    tion, preternatural . Laborieux, Laborious ACESTORÍS , Midwife.
    labour. ACESTOS , Curable.
    ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partus, Ob- ACESTRA , Needle.
    stet'ricans, Maieuter. He who practises the art ACETA MEDICATA , Acetica.
    of midwifery. A Physician -Accoucheur, a Sur . ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons.
    geon -Accoucheur, A man -midwife, &c . ACETAB'ULUM , from acetum , vinegar,
    ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife. because it resembles the old vinegar vessel
    ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
    ACCRETION , Accretio, from ad, ' to ,' and oxybaphon, oguBeoor. A measure capable of
    containing the 8th part of a modern pint.
    crescere, ' to increasc . Augmentation ; also , Athenæus. Galen . See Cotyloid. According
    increase by juxta -position . to Castelli, the lobes or cotyledons of the pla
    ACCROISSEMENT, Increase. centæ of ruminating animals have been so
    ACCUSATIO , Indication . called .
    ACE/DIA, Incuria, from a privative, and ACETABULUM , Cotyle , Cotyloid - a. Mari
    xndos , .care . ' Want of care, neglect. Also, num , Umbilicusmarinus.
    fatigue . - Hippocrates. ACETA'RIA , same etymon. A salad or
    ACELLA , Axilla.
    ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS , from a privative, pickle. ACETAS , Acetate.
    xemaan , head ,' and Bgxx12v, ' arm.' A fætus AC'ETATE, Acetas. A salt formed by the
    without head or arms. union of the acetic with an alkaline, earthy,
    ACEPH'ALOCHIRUS, from a privative, or metallic base . acid The acetates, chiefly used in
    * quan , ' head , ' and xais, ' hand.' A fætus medicine , are the acetates of ammonia, lead ,
    without head or hands . potash , and zinc.
    ACEPH'ALOCYST , Acephalocyst'is, from a ACE'TICUM , AC'IDUM , Acidum Ace'ti
    privative ,xsexan, head,' and xuotis, bladder.' cum for'tius, A. A. forte. A.Ace'ticum purum ,
    An hydatiform vesicle ,withouthead orvisible Ace'tum radica'lē, "Ozos, Acetic Acid,Strong
    organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, although Ace tous Acid, Acidum Aceto'sum fortë, Rad'ical
    possessed of few animated characteristics. - See
    Hydatid .
    Vinegar, Spiritus Ven'eris (when made from
    verdigris,) Spirit of Verdigris. Concentrated
    ACEPH'ALOGAS'TER , Alhoracoceph'a- acetic acid, prepared by decomposing an ace
    lus, from a privative, xesuan , head ,' and geo - tate and receiving the acetic acid by distillation,
    Tue, ' the belly . '. A name given to monsters has a very pungent and grateful odour, and an
    devoid of head , chest, and abdomen ; or to those acid and acrid taste . Its s. g. is about 1.046 ,
    which have an abdomen but no chest or head . and it is very volatile .
    ACEPHALOS'TOMA , from el privative, It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic ,
    xe0can , ' head,' and otoud , ' mouth .' An ace- and is applied to the nostrils in syncope , as
    phalous fætus, at the upper part of which there phyxia, headaches, &c. It destroys warts.
    is an opening resembling a mouth . An AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR , Ad'idum
    ACEPH'ĂLOTHORUS, from a privative , Aceticum Cumphora'tum , A. aceto'sum campho
    x4φαλή ,, " head,' and suport, chest,' Apectoce- ra'tum, is formed of this strong acid, 3 vj, Cam
    phalus. A monster, devoid of head'or chest. phor, 3 ss , Ol, Caryoph, gtt. xv.
    ACEPH'ALOUS, from a priv . and < spany, A strong Acetic Acid is ordered by the Lon.
    " head .' A monster born devoid of head. The don Pharmacopæia prepared from wood. It is
    condition is called Acephalia . called Vinegar of wood, Improved distilled Vin
    ACER , Acrid . egar, Pyrolig'neous Acid, Ace'tum Lignorum ,
    ACER'SACCHARI’NUM . The Maple, Su- and its strength is such, that 87 gr. of crystal
    gar Maple. (F) Érable. This tree contains a lized subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100
    large amount of sweet sap , whence a conside- grains of the acid .
    rable quantity of sugar may be extracted . The Ac" IDUM ACE'tiCUM Dilu'tum , A. a.
    When purified, this sugar can scarcely be dis- ten'ue, Acetum destilla'tum , Acidum ace'ticum ,
    tinguished from that obtained from the cane.- Acidum aceto'sum destilla'tum , Acidum ace'ticum
    See Saccharum . debilius, Distilled vin'egar, (F) Acide Acétique
    ACERB, Acc'hus, Stryphnos, from acer , faible, Vinaigre distillé , is prepared by distilling
    sharp .' A savour, or taste , compounded of vinegar, rejecting a 4th or 5th part of that
    the acid , bitter, and astringent; such as is met ma.
    which comes over first, and avoiding empyreu
    with in unripe fruits , &c . Its properties are like those of vinegar.
    ACETICA 17 ACHRAS SAPOTA

    ACE'TICA , Ace'ta Medica'ta , (F) Vinaigres ACHIC'OLUM , Achi'tolus, Hidrote'rion , Su


    Medicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of da'rium, Fornir, Tholus, Sudato'rium . The
    Vinegar . sweating- room in the ancient bagnios .
    ACETOSA NOSTRAS , Rumex acetosa-a . ACHILLE'A AGERATUM , Balsami'ta
    Pratensis , Rumex acetosa - a. Romana, Rumex fæmin'ea, Eupato'rium MESUES, Ageratum, Cos'
    scutatus - a. Rotundifolia, Rumex scuiatus-a. tus horto'rum Minor , Maudlin, Maudlin Tansey.
    Vulgaris , Rumex acetosa. ( F ) Achille Visqueuse. Nat. Ord . Compositæ.
    ACETOSELLA , Oxalis acetosella. Sub . Ord . Anthemideæ . Ser. Syst . Syngenesia
    ACE'TUM , c&us, Oxys, Ace'tum Vini, Com- Polygamia superflua. Has the same properties
    mon Vinegar, Acidum aceto'sum , A'legar, Ace' as tansey, bitter and aromatic, and is used in
    tum Cerevis'iæ, ( F) Vinaigre. A liquor obtained like affections.
    by the acetous fermentation. Vinegar has a The Achille'a Atra'ta, Herba Gen'ipi veri,
    pungent odour, and pleasant acid taste , s. g . (F) Achillée Noire, has similar virtues.
    1.0204. It is refrigerant in fevers ; antiseptic, AcuLLE'A MILLEFO'LIUM , Achille'a Myrio
    and anti-narcotic ; and externally is stimulant phyllon, Chrysocoma, Millefolium , Chiliophyl
    and discutient. lon, Lumbus Ven'eris, Milita'ris herba, Stratio'tes,
    ACE'TUM AROMATICOM , Acidum Ace'ticum Carpento'ria, Spec'ulum Ven'eris, Common Yar
    Aromaticum , Ace'tum Theriacale, Thieves' Vin . row or Milfoil. (F) Millefeuillé. The leaves
    egar, Vinegar of the four Thieres, Marseilles and flowers have an aromatic smell, and a
    Vinegar, (F) Vinaigre Aromatique. V.des qua- rough, bitterish , somewhat pungent taste .
    tre voleurs, (Rorismarin. Cacum . sicc. Fol. Sal. They have been used in dyspepsia , flatulence,
    via sing 3 j. Larand. flor . sice. 3 iv. Caryoph. & c .
    cont. 3 ss. Acid . Acet. lb ij . Macerate 7 days Achille'a PTAR'MICA , Pseudo-pyrethrum,
    and filter. Ph. E.) Odour pungent and aroma. Pyrethrum sylves'trè, Draco sylres'tris, Tarchon
    tic. Used as a perfume. sylves'tris, Sternutamento'rin, Dracun'culus Pra.
    Ace'tum Coi'chici, Vinegar of meadou ten'sis, Sneeze-wort , Bastard Pel’litory, Ptarmi.
    saffron, ( Colch. rad. recent. concis. 3 j. Acid. ca. ( F) Herbe à éternuer. The roots and flowers
    Acetic lb.j. Sp. tenuior, 3 j . Ph. L.) It is used have a hot , biting taste , approaching that of the
    as a diuretic and also in gout. Dose, 3 ss to Pyrethrum . Their principal use is as a masti
    3 iss. catory and sialogogue .
    ACETOM DISTILLATUM : see Aceticum aci- ACHILLÉE NOIRE, Achillea atrata - a .
    dum—a . Lignorum : see Aceticum acidum -a. Visqueuse , Achillea ageratum .
    Mulsum dulce ,Oxyglycus — a. Radicale, Aceti- ACHILLE'IS , a beautiful species of barley,
    cum Acidum . mentioned by Theophrastus and Galen , called
    ACE'Tum ScilLÆ , Acidum Ace'ticum Scillit'. after a labourer, Achilles. The decoction was
    icum. Vinegar of Squills. Vinaigre scillitique. used in fevers and jaundice. - Hippocrates.
    ( Scilla rad . recent. ersicc. Ib j . Aceti, ih vj. Sp . ACHILLIS, TENDO , Funis Hippoc'RATIS,
    tenuior. fb ss. Ph. L. ) Diuretic, expectorant, Corda Hippoc'RATIS, Corda magna, Nerrus
    and emetic . Dose 3 ss. to 3 ij. as a diuretic latus, ( F ) Tendon d'Achille . The strong tendon
    and expectorant. of the gastrocnemii muscles above the heel ; so
    ACETUM THERIACALE, Theriacale aroma- called,because it was the only vulnerable part
    ticum . of ACHILLES, or because of its strength . See
    ACEYTE DE SAL . A remedy for Bronchocele Tendon.
    used in S. America. Roulin found it to con- ACHIMBASSI, Archia'ter. The chief of
    tain a portion of lodine. physicians. A name given , at Grand Cairo, to
    ACHACANA . A species of Cactus, in the amagistrate who licenses physicians.
    province of Potosi in Peru . Its root is thick ACHITOLUS, Achicolum .
    and fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good ACHLYS , Caligo.
    edible , and is sold in the markets of the coun- ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
    try. ACHNE. Lint . Also, small mucous floc
    ACHANACA . A plant of the kingdom of culi situate in front of the cornea . - Hippo
    Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as an crates.
    antisyphilitic . ACHINE , Linteum .
    ACHAOVAN , a species of Egyptian chamo- ACHOLUS, from a privative , and xoan ,
    6
    mile.- Prosper Alpinus . bile , Deficient in bile .
    ACHAOVAN -ABIAT. The Egyptian name ACHOR , Porrigo larvalis.
    of the cineraria maritima, used in female dis . Acho'res. A term often employed by the
    eases . ancients to designate both the crusta lactea ,
    ACHAR, Atchar. and small superficial ulcerations on the skin of
    ACHE, A pium graveolens- a.des Montagnes, the face and head. See Porrigo Larva'lis.
    Ligusticum levisticum . ACHORES Capitis, Porrigo scutulata .
    ACHEILIA, from 2 priv. and xelaos, ' lip.' ACHORIS'TOS, from privative , and
    A malformation ,consisting in a deficiency of zagiza , ' I separate.' Any sign which neces
    a lip or lips . sarily accompanies a state of health or dis
    ACHEIR , demanus, from a privative, and ease .
    2018 , hand. One devoid of hands. - Galen. ACHOUROU . The Caraib name for a spe
    ÀCHEROIS , Populus . cies of myrtle used in dropsy.
    ACHIA, Achiar. A name given in India to ACHRAS SAPOTA . El Nispero. A very
    the pickled shoots of the bamboo. abundant tree in South America, the fruit of
    Achia , Atchar. which is excellent. It is astringent. The
    ACHIAR, Achia . leaves are likewise astringent. The seeds are
    3
    ACHROI 18 ACINUS

    aperient and diuretic . It belongs to the family . Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, Gooseberries,
    Sapoteæ . - Ser. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. & c .
    ACHROI , from a privative , and agora , ACIDULOUS WATERS,Aquæ acidule . Mineral
    colour .' Pale individuals .-Hippocrates . ' It Waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient
    is nearly synonymous with aequiuci, persons to render them sourish. See Waters , Mineral .
    without colour , bloodless. A SIMPLE ACIDULOUS WATER , Aqua a'eris
    ACHROMATIC , Achromaticus, from a fixi, A 'qua acidula simpler. (F ) Eau Acidule
    privative, and xewnede, colour. A lens so con- simple, is water impregnated with fixed air.
    structed as to correct the aberration of refran- Water, so impregnated, is cooling , and
    gibility of common lenses. The Crystalline slightly stimulating. It is used beneficially in
    Lens is an achromatic lens . dyspepsia, and in cases of vomiting, &c .
    ACHROMATOP'SIA , Chromatopscudop'sia, ACIDUM ACETICUM , Aceticum acidum
    from a privative, x semper , colour,'and of Toledo, -2. Aceticum aromaticum , Acetum aromati
    • I see. Incapability of distinguishing colours. cum - a. Aceticum camphoratum : see Aceti
    A defect situate in the cerebral part of the cum acidum - a . Aceticum empyreumaticum ,
    visual organ . Pyroligneous acid-a . Aceticum Scilliticum,
    ACHYRODES, Acerosus. Acetum scillæ-a. Acetosellæ , Oxalic acid - a.
    ACHYRON , Furfur. Acetosum , Acetum- a . Allantoicum , Allantoic
    ACIA , from dxn , a point. A word used by acida. Amnicum , Amniotic acid - a. Bora
    Celsus, and which has puzzled commentators'; cicum , Boracic acid -a . Borussicum , Hydro
    some believing it to have meant a needle ; cyanic acid - a. Carbonicum ,Carbonic acid , a .
    others the thread ; and others,again , the kind Oxalic
    of suture . “ Acia mollis, non nimis torta .
    Čitricumacid-a.
    , CitricIlydrochloricum
    acid - a. Hydrocarbonicum
    , Muriaticum
    ,
    Celsus, Galen. (Chifflet' thinks it meant the acidum - a.Hydrocyanicum ,Hydrocyanic acid
    thread , Antwerp , 1638. ) -a. Hydrothionicum liquidum , see Hydrosul
    ACID ,ACETOUS, STRONG , Aceticum aci- phuretied water-a. Jatrophicum , see Jatropha
    dum-a . Aerial, Carbonic acid - å. Antimonious, curcas - a. Lacticum , Lactic acid -a . Ligneum ,
    Antimonium diaphoreticum - a. Azotic , Nitric Pyroligneous acid - – a . Ligni pyro -oleosum ,
    acid -- a. Benzoic, Benjamin , flowers of — a. Bo- Pyroligneous acid—a. Marinum concentratum ,
    ric, Boracic acid —a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid Muriaticum acidum-a . Morbosum , Acidities
    -a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid — a. Carbon--a. Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum , Nitro
    ous , Oxalic acid - a .Gastric, Gastric juice - a. muriatic acid-a. Nitricum , Nitric acid - a.
    Hydrochloronitric , Nitro-muriatic acid - a. Iga- Oxalinum , Oxalic acid - a. Phosphoricum ,
    suric: see Jatropha curcas-a. of Lemons, Citric Phosphoric acid - a . Primarum viarum , Acidio
    acid-a. Lithic, Uric acid - a. Dephlogisticated ties -- a Prussicum , Hydrocyanic acid - a. Pyro
    marine, Chlorine-a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid aceticum , Pyroligneous acid - a. Sacchari, Ox
    -a. of Milk , Lactic acid -- a. Nitro -hydrochlo- alic acid - a. Saccharinum , Oxalic acid - a. Salis,
    ric, Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Nitrous dephlogis. Muriaticum acidum- a. Salis culinaris ,Muria
    ticated, Nitric acid-a. Oxyseptonic, Nitric ticum acidum - a. Salis marini, Muriaticum aci
    acid - a. Polygalic : see Polygala senega—a. dum —a. Succinicum , Succinic acid - a. Sul
    Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid - a. Pyroligneous: phuricum alcoolisatum , Elixir acidum Halleri
    see Aceticum acidum — a Pyrolignic, Pyrolig- -a. Sulphuris volatile , Sulphurous acid - a.
    neous acid -a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid - a . of Su. Sulphurosicum , Sulphurous acid , a . Sulphuro
    gar, Oxalic acid . sum , Sulphurous acid - a . Tartari essentiale ,
    ACIDE ACÉTIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceti. Tartaric acid -- a. Tartaricum , Tartaric acid - a .
    cum acidum-a. Sulphureur, Sulphurous acid Tartarosum , Tartaric acid - a . Uricum ,Uric acid
    ---a. Sulfurique delayé, Sulphuricum acidum -a. Vitriolicum , Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum
    dilutum . aromaticum , Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum
    ACIDS, Ad'ida , Acores, from exis ' a point, ' -a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum , Sulphu
    genitive exidos. Any liquid , solid , or gaseous ricum acidum aromat. - a. Vitriolicum vinosum ,
    body, possessed of a sour, more or less caustic Elixir acidum Halleri-a. Zooticum , Hydrocy .
    taste, and the principal character of which is anic acid - a. Zootinicum , Hydrocyanic acid.
    the capability of saturating, wholly or in part, ACIDURGIA , Surgery (operative .)
    the alkaline properties of bases. ACIER, Chalybs.
    The acids, in general, are refrigerant and ACIES ,Chalybs — a. Digitorum manus , Pha
    antiseptic. Their particular uses are pointed langes of the fingers - a. Diurna, Hemeralopia.
    out under the individual articles. ACIESIS , Sterilitas .
    ACID'ITIES , Acores, Acidita'tio , Ad" idum ACINE'SIA , Akinc'sia , Immobil'itas, Quies,
    morbosum , Ac''idum prima'rum via'rum , ( F) Esychia , Erem'ia, from a privative, and xiverv ,
    Aigreurs. Sourness of the stomach, the result to move .' Immobility . Also, the interval
    of indigestion , indicated by acid eructations, between the systole and diastole of the heart.
    &c. The affection is very common in chil ACHINUS, Ad'inusglandulo'sus, from a xiyos ,
    dren , and must be obviated by absorbents, or ac'inus, ' a grape -stone.' A glandiform cor
    as magnesia, chalk , &c., and by regulated puscle or granulation. A fancied termination
    diet . of a secretory artery of a gland in a granular
    To ACID'ULATE . To render acidulous, body, in which the secretion is supposed to
    or slightly acid . ( F ) Aiguiser , Aciduler. take place , and the excretory radicle to take its
    ACID'ULOUS, Ácid'ulus, Orodes .(F) Acid- rise. Acini arethe globuli arteria'rum termini
    ule , Aigre, Aigrelet. Substances are called of Nichols. The term acini glandulosi has also
    acidulous, which possess a sourish taste, as been given to glands, which, like the pancreas,
    lamarinds, cream of tartar, & c. are arranged as it were in clusters.
    ACMASTICOS 19 ACQUA BINELLI

    ACMASTICOS, from axuen, ' the top,' and The active principle is called Aconitine. It has
    otaq , [ remain . A fever, which preserves been used of late , applied externally , in Neu
    an equal degree of intensity throughout its ralgic cases, iatraleptically and endermically.
    course . It is also called Homot'onos. The Dose of the Aconitum , gr . j . to gr . iij.
    Greeks gave it the name Epacmas'ticos, and ACONU'SI , from axen , audition ," and voue
    Syn'ochos, when it went on increasing, and cos, ' disease .' Morbi aurium et auditûs. Dis.
    Paracmasticos, when it decreased . - Galen . eases of the ears and audition .
    ACME , Vigor, Slatus, Fasti'gium . The pe AC'OPON , from a privative , and xeros,
    riod of a disease at which the symptoms are weariness .' A remedy against weariness.-
    most violent. Agxn, is the commencement ;' Foësius, Gorræus, & c.Acopum ,-Celsus,Pliny.
    Anagyris. Pliny gives this name to a pre
    20121015, “ the period of increase ; ' and axun, SeeAC'OPIS
    the height.' .
    ACMÕN , Incus . cious stone , which was boiled in oil and used
    ACNE , Acna, Ionthus varus, Psydra'cia against weariness.
    Acne , Stone Pock, Whelk , Bubucle. Å small ACOR BENZOINUS , Benjamin-a. Boraci
    pimple or tubercle on the face. - Gorræus. cus, Boracic acid - a. Succineus, Succinic acid
    Foësius thinks the word ought to be Acme , -a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid-a. Tartaricus,
    and, according to Cassius, it is, at all events, Tartaric acid .
    derived from exuen , vigour ; ' the disease affect. ACORE BÂTARD, Iris pseudacorus — a.
    ing those in the vigour of life, especially. Faur , Iris pseudacorus—a. Odorant, Acorus
    Wilan and Bateman have adopted the term calamus.
    in their Nosology of cutaneous diseases , and ACORES , Acids and Acidities.
    placed it in the Order, TUBERCULA . ACORIA, from a privative, and xogico, ' 1
    Acne, with them , is an eruption of distinct, satiate.' An inordinate or canine appetite.
    hard , inflamed tubercles, sometimes continuing Hippocrates.
    for a considerable length of time, and some ACORI'TES . A wine made of the Acorus.
    times suppurating slowly and partially. They Dioscorides.
    usually appear on the forehead, temples, and ACORN, JUPITER'S , Fagus castanea - a.
    chin ; and are common to both sexes ; but the Oily , Guilandina moringa-a. Sardinian, Fagus
    most severe forms are seen in young men . castanea,
    ACORNS . See Quercus alba.
    They require but little management, and con AC'ORUS
    sist of four varieties ; the Acne indura'lo., A. CALAMUS . A. Verus, Calla
    simplex, A. puncta'ta (Ion'thus varus punctatus, mus Aromaticus, C. Odora'tus, Cal'amus vul'.
    Puncte muco'sæ or Maggot Pimple,) A. rosa'cea. garis, Typha Aromat'ica, Acorus Brazilien'sis.
    -See Gutta Rosea . ( F ) Jonc Roseau ou Canne aromatique, Acore
    ACNE ROSACEA , Gutta rosea. odorant. Nat. Ord. Aroideæ. Sex . Syst. Hex
    ACNES'TIS, from a privative, and you arv,andria Monogynia . Clava rugo'sa , Sweetflag
    " to scratch .' The part of the spine which ex- or Acorus. The root is stomachic and carmina
    tends, in quadrupeds, from between the shoul- tive, but is rarely used. It is regarded a good
    ders to the loins. According to Pollux, the adjuvant to bark and quinine in intermittents.
    middle of the loins . ACORUS ADULTERINUS , Iris pseudacorus - a.
    ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum. Palustris , Iris pseudacorus - a. Vulgaris, Iris
    ACE’LIOS, from a privative, and mornia , pseudacorus.
    belly . ' Devoid of belly. One who is so ema ACOS , Medicament.
    ciated as to appear to have no belly .- Galen. ACOS'MIA , from a privative, and xoguos ,
    ACOESIS, Audition . order, ornament. Disorder, irregularity in
    ACOLASIA , Intemperance. the critical days, according to Galen, who uses
    ACOLOGY , Materia Medica. the word xoonos for regularity in those days.
    ACONE , Mortar. Others , and particularly Pollux , call bald per
    ACONIT À GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum sons anospod, because they are deprived of one
    cammarum - a . Salutaire, Aconitum anthora. of their most beautiful ornaments.
    ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus. ACOUOM'ETER , from a xoUW , ' I hear,' and
    ACONI'TUM , from Acone, a place in Bithy- Metsov, ' measure.' An instrument designed by
    nia, where it is common . Cimoc'tonon , Cani. Itard for measuring the degree of hearing.
    ci'da, Aconite, Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Nát. Ord. ACOUOPAO'NIA ,Cophonia ; from axeve ,' I
    Ranunculaceæ. Ser. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia. hear,' and own,' voice.' Auscultatory Percus
    Aconi'tum AN'THORA . Aconi'tum Salutif'e. sion :' a mode of auscultation , in which the ob
    Tum , An'thora vulga'ris, Antith'ora , Salutary server places his ear on the chest, and analyzes
    Monks'hood. (F) Aconit salutaire. The root of the sound produced by percussion . - Donné.
    this variety , like all the rest, is poisonous. It ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved
    is used as a cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose sense of hearing.
    ss to aj . ACOUSTIC . Acus'ticus, that which belongs
    The Acosi'tum CAM'MARUM. A. paniculatum . to the ear ; as Acoustic nerve, Acoustic trum
    ( F ) Aconit à grands fleurs, resembles the pet, &c .
    Aconitum Napellus in properties. An Acoustic Medicine is one used in dis
    Aconi'tum NAPEL'LUS , Napellus verus, Aco- eased Audition .
    ni'tum , Common Monkshood or Wolfsbane. A. Acoustics, Acustica , (F ) Acoustique, is the
    Neomonta'num . . (F) Chaperon de Moine. The part of physics which treats of the theory of
    leavesare narcotic, sudorific, anddeobstruent (?) sounds . Itis also called Phonics.
    They have been used in chronic rheumatism , ACOUSTIQUE , Acoustics.
    scrofula, scirrhus, paralysis , amaurosis, &c . ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii-a. di
    ACQUETTA 20 ACROPSILON
    Napoli , Liquor arsenicalis — a. della Toffana ,, unfavourablc opinion must be given . - Hipp .
    Liquor arsenicalis. and Galen .
    ACQUETTA , Liquor arsenicalis . ACRITICAL , Acritos, from a privative ,
    ACQUIRED DISEASES, Morbi acquisi'ti, and xgsoos, judgment. That which takes
    Adventitious diseases, M. Adrenti'tii. Diseases place without any crisis , or which does not
    which occur after birth, and which are not de- foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom , ab
    pendent upon hereditary predisposition. scess , & c .
    ACRAMPALA , from privative , and x840- ACRITOS , Acritical .
    aan , drunkenness .' Remedies against the ACRIVIOLA , Tropæolum majus.
    effects of a debauch .- Gorræus . ACROBYS'TIA , Acropos'thia, from axgos,
    ACRA'LEA , the extreme parts of the body , top ,' and Buce, ' I cover .' The extremity of
    as the head, hands, feet, nose, ears, & c. — Hip- the prepuce.- Hippocrates. Rufus.
    pocrates and Galen . See Acrea. ACROCHEIR ', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on , from
    ACRA'NIA , from a privative, and xperlov , axgos, extremity , and xris , ' the hand. The
    the cranium .' Want of cranium, wholly, or fore
    in part.
    arm and
    ACHRO hand. - Gorræus. Also, the hand.
    CHOR'DON, from drgos, ' extre
    ACRAS SAPOTA , Sapota. mity ,' and xoedin, a string . ' A tumour, which
    ACRASIA , from a privative, or bad ,' and hangs by a pedicle. A kind of hard wart.
    x84015 , mixture .' Intemperance. Excess of Aetius, Celsus.
    any kind. — Hippocrates. ACROCHORIS'MUS , from axeos, extre
    It has been employed to denote debility, sy- mity,' and xogeve , ' I dance.' A kind of dance,
    nonymously with Acratia ; but this may have with the ancients, in which the arms and legs
    been a typographical inaccuracy . were violently agitated.
    ACRATI'A, from a privative, and * SHTOS , ACROCOLIA , Acrea.
    s strength . Impotence ; weakness . ACROD'RYA , from exgos, extremity,' and
    ACRATISMA, from a privative, and xegaraIdeus, a tree .' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap
    rupes , “ to mix. A breakfast, consisting of ples, & c .
    bread steeped in wine, not mixed with water.- ACRODYN'IA , from exgos , extremity ,' and
    Galen , Athenæus. cduon , ' pain .' A painful affection of the wrists
    ACRATOM'ELI, from exg4T07, pure and ancles especially , which appeared at Paris
    wine ,' and justo, ' honey . Wine mixed with as an epidemic ,in 1828 and 1829. It was sup
    honey . posed by some to be rheumatic, by others to be
    AČRATURE'SIS , from Acratia ,'weakness, owing to spinal irritation .
    and cuper, ' urine.' Inability to void the urine ACROLENION , Olecranon .
    from paralysis of the bladder. ACROMIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the
    ACRE . The extremity or tip of the nose . Acromion.
    See Acrimony. The ACROMIAL Artery . External Scap'ular.
    A'CREA, arguingid , Acrote'ria, from anges , A. Arteria Thoracica humera'lis, Artère troi
    " the summit.' The extremeparts of the body, sième des Thoraciques , - (Ch.) A. Thoracique
    as the fect , hands, nose , ears, & c . humérale, arises from the anterior part of the
    Also, the extreme
    used as food .
    parts of animals that are axillary artery ,opposite the upper edge of the
    Acroco'lia . pectoralis minor. It divides into two branches :
    ACRID , from desgos , ' a point or summit,' or one, superior ; the other,inferior : the branches
    fro axen
    m t, . a point, Acer. An epithet for sub- of which are distributed to the subclavius, ser
    stances which occasion a disagreeable sense of ratus major anticus, first intercostal, deltoid ,
    irritation or of constriction at the top of the and pectoralis major muscles, as well as to the
    throat. shoulder joint , &c . They anastomose with
    Acrids , in Pathology , are certain inaginary the superior scapular, thoracics, and the cir.
    substances, supposed, by the Humourists, to cumflex arteries .
    exist in the humours, and to cause various dis- The ACROMIAL Vein has the same arrange
    eases . See Acrimony: ment as the artery .
    An Acrid hıcat, ( F ) Chaleur âcre , is one that ACROʻMIO -CORACOIDEUS. Belonging
    causes a hot, tingling sensation at the extremi. to the acromion and coracoid process .
    ties of the fingers. The triangular ligament between the acro
    ACRIDOPH'AGI, from a reges, ' a locust ,' mion and coracoid process of the scapula is so
    and ouge , ' I eat. ' Locust-caters. Acridopha- called.
    gous tribes are said to exist in Africa.- ACRO'MION , Acromium , from exgos , ' the
    Strabo . top ,' and wuos, the shoulder,' Os Acro'mii,
    AC'RIMONY, Acu'ilas, Acrimonia , Acre. Humerus summus, Armus summus, Mucro hu'
    Acrimony of the humours. An imaginary acrid meri, Rostrum porci'num , Caput Scap'ule .
    change of the blood , lymph, &c ., which , by the The process which terminates the spine of
    Humourists, was conceived to cause many dis- the scapula , and is articulated with the clavi.
    eases . cle .
    ACRINIA , from ce privative, and xgira , ' 1 ACROM'PHALON , Arrompha'lion , from
    separate . ' A diminution in the quantity, or a axgos, ' the top , ' and quodnos , the navel.' The
    total suspension of the secretions. extremity of the umbilical cord , which remains
    ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence . Also , attached to the fetus after birth .
    the locust. ACROPOSTHIA , Acrobystia .
    ACRIS'IA , from a privative, and upbris, ACROPSI'LON , from axgos , extremity ,'
    judgment.' A condition of disease, in which and fonos, naked .' The extremity of the
    no judgment can be formed ; or in which an glans penis.
    ACROS 21 ADDEPHAGIA

    ACROS, axges, extremity, top .' The hot iron,or to heat in any form ; in contradis
    strength of the Athletæ , and of diseases : the tinction to the potential or virtual , which is ap
    prominences of bones : the extremities of the plied to caustics or escharotics .
    fingers, & c . See Acrocheir, Acromion , &c. ACTUARIUS . Originally a title of dig.
    ACROTERIA , Acrea . nity given to the Byzantine physicians.
    ACROTERIAS 'MUS , from axgotagid , the ACUITAS, Acrimony .
    extremities ;' hence argotngisseur , lo mutilate. ' ACULEUS LIGNEÚS , Splinter .
    Amputation of the extremities. A'CUPUNCTURE. Acupunctu'ra ,from acus,
    ACROTHYM'ION , from expos, " top ,' and a needle ,' and punctu'ra , “ a puncture .' A
    Jupeer, ' thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, surgical operation, much in use amongst the
    bloody wart : compared by Celsus to the flower Chinese and Japanese, which consists in punc
    of thyme . turing parts with a very fine needle. It has
    ACROTVICA , from argos, ' summit.' Dis- been employed , of latě years, in obstinate
    eases affecting the excernent functions of the rheumatic affections, & c ., and apparently with
    external surface of the body . success . Acupuncture is likewise a mode of in
    Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that fanticide in some countries : the needle being
    open on the external surface ; without fever orforced into the brain through the fontanelles,
    other internal affection , as a necessary accom-
    or into the spinal marrow , &c .
    paniment. ACURGIA , Surgery ( operative.)
    The 3d order of the class Eccritica of Good . ACUS , Needle - a. Capitata , Pin - a . Para
    ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia. centica , Trocar - a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar
    ACT, Actus. The effective exercise of a -a . Veneris, Eryngium campestre.
    power of faculty. The action of an agent. ACUSIS , Audition.
    Acte is used by the French, to signify the pub- ACUSTICA , Acoustics.
    lic discussion, which occurs in supporting a ACUTE , Acu'tus, očus . (F) Aigu . A disease
    thesis :-thus , soutenir un Acte aux Ecoles de which, with a certain degree of severity, has a
    Médecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools rapid progress, and short duration. Oxynose'ma,
    of Medicine .' Oxim'osos, Orynu'sos.
    ACTÆ'A RACEMO'SA, Cimicifuga, Ma- Diseases were formerly subdivided into Morbi
    Black snakeroot, Richweed , acutis'simi, very acute , or those which last only
    cro'trys racemosa .
    Cohosh. (F) Actée à grappes. Nat. Ord . Ra- three or four days: M. subacutis'simi, which
    nunculaceae. Ser. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. continue seven days: and M. subacu'ti, or those
    A common plant in the United States. The which last from twenty to forty days.
    root is astringent; and, according to Barton , The antithesis to acute is chronic . Acute,
    has been successfully used in the form of de when applied to pain, sound, cries, & c. , means
    coction , as a gargle in putrid sore throat. A sharp .
    decoction of the root cures the itch . It is acro . ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
    narcotic , and has been used in rheumatism , ACYANOBLEP'SIA , a privative, xvaros,
    acute and chronic ; chorea, & c . ' blue,' and Bret« , I see .' Defective vision ,
    ACTE , Sambucus. which consists in incapability of distinguishing
    ACTE , Act. blue . - Göthe.
    ACTÉE À GRAPPES, Actæa racemosa . ACYESIS , Sterilitas .
    ACTIF, Active. ACYRUS, Arnica montana .
    ACTION , Actio,Opera'tio, Enérgi'a, Praxis : ADÆMONIA , Anxiety.
    from agere, ' to act. Mode in which one ob- ADAKO'DIEN . A Malabar plant of the
    ject intluences another. family A pocineæ , used in that country in dis
    The animal actions are those that occur in eases of the eyes.
    the animal body : the vital, those that are seen ADACA. The Spharan'thus In'dicus, a Ma
    in bodies endowed with life : the physiological, labar plant, which is acrid and aromatic .
    those of a healthy character : the pathological A D'ALI, Lip'pia . A Malabar plant, which
    or morbific , those that occur in disease , & c.the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite
    The ancients divided the physiological actions of the naja .
    into vital , animal, natural, sexual, particular, ADAMAS , Diamant.
    general, & c. See Function . ADAMI'TA , Adami'tum . A very hard, white'
    ACTIVE, same etymon . Dras'ticus, Acti'- calculus. - Paracelsus.
    tus, Slen'icus, Hypersten'icus. (F) Actif. This The first word has been used for stone in the
    adjective is used , in Pathology, to convey the bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calcu
    idea of superabundant energy or strength. lous condition .
    Active symptoms, e. g . are those of excitement. ADANSONIA DIGITATA , Baobab .
    In Therapeutics,'it signifies energetic :-as , an ADAR'CE , Adar'cion , Adar'cis. A concre.
    actire treatment . The French use the expres- tion found about the reeds and grass in the
    sion Médecine agissante , in contradistinction marshy regions of Galatii, and hiding them , as
    to Médecine expectanle . In Physiology , ac- it were : hence the name ; from a privative, and
    tive has a similar signification, many of the digrw , ' I see. It was formerly in repute for
    functions being divided into active and pas- cleansing the skin from freckles, &c.
    sive . ADARIGO , Orpiment.
    ACTON . A village near London , at which ADARNECH , Orpiment..
    there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at ADARTICULATIO , Arthrodia .
    Epsom . ADDAD. A Numidian plant. Bitter and
    ACTUAL, Actua'lis. That which acts imme- poisonous.
    diately . A term usually restricted to the red ! ADDEPHA'GIA , from adduv, ' much ,' and
    ADDER'S TONGUE 22 ADENO- PHARYNGEUS

    qay $11 , ' to eat.' Voraciousness. Galen and middle finger, and is inserted into the inner
    Hoffman have given this name to voracious part of the root of the first bone of the thumb.
    appetite in children affected with worms. Sau- The Adductor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'
    vages refers it to Bulimia. Also , the goddess enar Metatarso-subphalangæus pollicis.- (Ch .)
    of gluttony. Turso-metatar si-phalangien du pouce . ( F) Ad
    ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vul- ducteur du gros orteil, arises by a long, thin
    gatum . tendon , from the under part of the os calcis,
    ADDITAMENTUM . A term once used sy- from the os cuboides , os cuneiforme externum ,
    nonymously with Epiphysis. q. v. It is now re- and from the root of the metatarsal bone of the
    stricted to ihe prolongations cranial
    of two second
    su- divided
    toe. It is into two fleshy por
    tures , the lambdoidal and squamous . tions , and is inserted into the external sesamoid
    ADDITAMENTUM Coli. Appendix vermi . bone, and root of the metatarsal bone of the
    formis cæci-a. Necatum , Olecranon - a. ad great toe.
    Sacro -lumbalem , see Sacro -lumbalis -- a. Unca- The ADDUCTOR METACAR'PI MIN'IMI DIG " .
    tum ulnæ , Olecranon - a . Ulnæ , Radius.
    ITI, Metacarpeus,
    ADDUCENS OCULI , Rectus internus dig'iti, Car'po-metacarpeus
    is situate between min'imi
    the abductor and
    oculi .
    ADDUCTEUR DE L'EIL, Rectus internus flexor, next to the metacarpal bone . It arises ,
    fleshy, from the unciform process of the os un
    oculi-a. du gros orteil , Adductor pollicis pedis ciforme, and from the contiguous part of the
    -a. Premier ou moyen , Adductor longus femo- annular ligament of the wrist, and is inserted ,
    ris—a. du pouce, Adductor pollicis manus - a. tendinous and fleshy, into the fore -part of the
    Second ou petit, Adductor brevis - a. Troisième metacarpal bone of the little finger, from its
    ou grand, Adductor magnus. base to its head .
    ADDUCTION , Adductio , from_ail, ' to ,' Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'.
    and ducere, “ to draw . Parago'ge. The action tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
    by which parts are drawn towards the axis of hand or foot, which perform the action of ad
    the body . duction .
    The muscles, which execute this function , ADDUCTOR TERTu Digiti Pedis , Prior tertii
    are called Adduc'tors. digiti pedis.
    ADDUCTORS OF THE THIgh. These are three ADEC . The inner man .-Paracelsus.
    in number, which have, by some anatomists, ADECTA , Sedatives.
    been united into one muscle—the Triceps Ad- ADELIPARIA , Polysarcia .
    ductor Fem 'oris.
    ADELODAGAM . A bitter Malabar plant,
    1. The Adductor longus fem'oris,Adductor used in asthma, catarrh , and gout.
    fem'oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu'bio.femora '. ADELPHIA , see Adelphixia.
    lis.- (Ch .) ( F ) Premier ou moyen adducteur. ADELPHIX'IA . Adelphia'is, from ade2005,
    Arises by a strong tendon from the upper and brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or
    fore part of the os pubis and ligament of the disease . Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates
    symphysis, at the inner side of the pectinalis . used the epithet adea 014, Adelphia , for diseases
    It runs downwards and outwards , and is in that resemble each other.
    serted by a broad , flat tendon into the middle ADELPAIXIS , Sympathy.
    of the linea aspera.
    ADEN , adne , a gland;' hence Adenalgia ,
    2. The Adductor brevis, A fem'oris secun'dus , Adeniform , & c . — See Gland .
    Triceps secun'dus, Sub -pubio -femora'lis.- (Ch.) ADENALGIA , from adnv , " a gland ,' and
    (F) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi- cagos,' pain ,' glandular pain .
    nuus from the os pubis, at the side of its sym-ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from adnv, ' a gland ,'
    physis, below and behind the last muscle . It and supportos, obstruction ;' glandular obstruc
    runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a tion.
    short , flat tendon into the inner and upper part ADENIFORM , Adeniform'is, Adenoïdes,
    of the linea aspera , from a little below the tro- eedsvouldns, from Aden, a gland,' and Forma,
    chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion Glandiform , or resem
    of the adductor longus . • form or resemblance .
    3. The Adductor magnus , Adduc'tor fem'oris bling a gland .
    ter'tius et quartus, Triceps magnus, Is'chio -femo ADENT'TIS , from adnv , “ a gland ,' and Itis,
    ralis- (Ch .) ( F) Troisième ou grand adduc. a termination denoting inflammation. Glandu
    inflammation .
    teur , is much larger than either of the others . larADENOCHIRA PSOLOG'IA , from adov,
    It arises from the ramus of the pubis, from that
    of the ischium , and from the tuber ischii, and ' a gland,' zelp, ' the hand ,' 4770 , ' I lay hold
    is inserted into the whole length of the linea of,' and nogos
    of curing , a description
    scrofula .' The
    orthe king's evildoctrine
    by the
    aspera. Near the lower part of the linea
    it is pierced by a kind of oblique, fibrous royal touch .
    canal, through which the crural artery and ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia , from
    vein pass . adno, a gland , ' and 2810w , ' I describe.' That
    Adductor Medu Digiti Pedis , Posterior part ofanatomy which describes the glands.
    ADENOIDES, Adeniform .
    medii digiti pedis~a. Oculi , Rectus internus
    oculi. ADENOL'OGY, Adenolo'gia , from adno , ' a
    Adductor Pol'licis Manus , A. Pol'licis, A. gland ,' and 26965 , ' a description . ' A treatise
    ad min'imum dig'itum , Metacar'po.phalanga'us on the glands.
    pollicis- (Ch.) (F) Adducteur du pouce. A ADENO -PHARYNGEUS, from adny , C a

    muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the gland ,' and pagung, the pharynx.' Some fleshy
    whole length of the metacarpal bone of the fibres have received this name, which pass from
    ADENO-PHARYNGITIS 23 ADITUS

    the constrictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid | Adha'sio, from adha'rere, to stick to . These
    gland . Their existence is not constant. words are usually employed synonymously,
    ADE'NO- PHARYNGI'TIS, same etymon . The French often use adherence for the state of
    Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. union , and adhesion for the act of adhering.
    ADENOPHTHALMIA , Ophthalmia tarsi. ADHESION , Adherence.
    ADENOPHY'MA , Adenon'cus; from adnv , a ADHE'SIVE ( INFLAMMATION ), is that
    gland ,' and oudere, ' a swelling. ' Swelling of a inflammation which terminates by an adhesion
    gland , or glandiform ganglion. ( F ) Glandage. between inflamed and separated surfaces.
    Adenophyma is used by some to signify a soft Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plas
    glandular swelling. Adenon'cus, one ofa harder ters, which stick closely to the skin .
    character . - Kraus . ADIANTHUM CAPILLUS VEN'ERIS ,
    ADENOPHYMA INGUINALIS . Bubo. Maiden hair. Nat . Ord. Filices . Ser , Syst.
    ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus.) A hard, glandu- Cryptogamia Filices. (F ) Capillaire de Mont
    lar abscess, which suppurates slowly.-M. A. pellier. A European plant, of teeble aromatic
    Severinus. and demulcent properties. It used for form
    ADENOT'OMY , Adenoto'mia , from adov , ' a ing the Sirop de Capillaire or Capillaire.
    gland , ' and Tijera , ' I cut.' Dissection of the ADIAN'THUM PEDA'TUM , A. Canaden'se, Ca 1
    glands. pillus Canaden'sis , Canada Maidenhair, (F)
    ADEPHAGIA , Boulimia . Capillaire du Canada, has the same properties.
    ADEPS, Adeps Suilla , O.rym 'gium , Eugglov. The Capillaire was once made from this.
    Pig's flare . The fat of the hog. ADIANTHUM ALBUM , Asplenium ruta mura .
    The ADEPS PRÆPARA'ra, Yog's lard, Bar- ria—a. Aureum , Polytrichum - a. Rubrum , As
    row's grease, Lard , Arunge, Axun' gia ,Adeps plenium trichomanoides.
    suillaprepara'ta, A.præpara'ta, Axun' gia por ADIAPHORO'SIS , Adiaphoresis, from a
    ci'na, (F) Graisse dePore, Saindour, is prepared privative , die, ' ibrough , and pogos, “ a pore.'
    by melting the pig's flare, and straining it. Defect or suppression of perspiration, Adiap
    This is called rendering the lard. Lard is emol- neus'tia, asia fleUSTIL .
    lient, but is chiefly used for forming ointments ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaphorus, Indifferens,
    and plasters. Neutral. A medicine , which will neither do
    The ADEPS ANseri'na , A'deps an'seris, or harm nor good .
    Goosc grease, ( F) Graisse d'Oie, is also emol. ADIARRHEA, from a privative, and fedge
    lient. It has been used as an emetic . serv , to flow .' Retention of any excretion . -
    ADEPs , Pinguedo - a. Cantharidibus medica- Hipp.
    tus, Unguentum lyttæ medicatum - a . Cortice ADICE , Urtica .
    Daphnes gnidii medicatus, Unguentum epis- ADIPEUX, Adipose.
    pasticum de Daphne gnidió - 2. Humanus, Li- ADIPOCERA CETOSA, Cetaceum .
    quamumia — a. Hydrargyro medicatus, Unguen. ADIPOCIRE, Adipocira, from adeps, ' fat,'
    tum Hydrargyri - a .ex Hydrargyro mitius dic- and cera , ' wax . ' The base of biliary calculi ,
    tum cinereum , Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri called also Cholesterine. ( F) Gras des Cadavres,
    cinereum - a. Hydrargyri muriate oxygenato Gras des Cimetières. Also, a sort of soap,
    medicatus, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri formed from animal matter under certain cir
    oxygenati medicatum-a. Hydrargyri nitrate cumstances. The human body, when it has
    medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis - a . been for some weeks in water, assumes this ap
    Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi acetate me- pearance ; and it has been a subject for legal in
    dicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum - a. Lauro quiry , what length of time is necessary to pro
    medicatus , Unguentum laurinum - a. Ovilli, duce it. This must, of course , depend upon
    Sevum - a. Papavere, hyoscyamo, et belladon various circumstances,as climate , season, &c.
    na medicatus, Unguentum populeum-a. Sul- ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE , Cetaceum .
    fure et ammoniæ muriate medicatus, Unguen- AD'IPOSE , Ad'ipous, Adipo'sus, from adeps,
    tum sulphuratum ad scabiem-a. Sulfure et ' fat.' ( F ) Adipeur. That which relates to fat.
    carbonate potassæ medicatus , Unguentum sul- as the Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c . See
    phuratum alcalinum ad scabiem - a. Tartare Fatty.
    stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartari- The Ad'iPOSE SARCO'MA of ABERNETHY, Em
    zati - a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Unguentum phyma sarco'ma adipo'sum , is suetty through
    oxidi zinci impuri. out, and is enclosed in a thin capsule of con
    ADEPT , Alchymist. densed cellular substance, connected by means
    ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA . Medicine , which of minute vessels. It is chiefly found on the
    treated of diseases contracted by celestial ope- fore and back part of the trunk . See Sarcoma.
    rations , or communicated from heaven . ADIPOSIS, see Polysarcia.
    ADEPTA Philosophia , Alchymy. ADIPOSUS, Fatty .
    ADFLATUS , AMatus. ADIPOUS, Fatty.
    ADHÆRENTIA , Adherence. ADIP'SIA , Dipso'sis crpers. Absence of thirst.
    ADHÆSIO , Adherence. ADIP'SON , from a privative, and doyen ,
    ADHATO'DA, Justicia adhato'da. The Ma- " thirst.' Any substance which relieves thirst.
    labar Nut Tree. (F) Noyer de Ceylon. Used Applied to a decoction of barley to which oxy
    in India for expelling the dead fælus in abor- mel was added .---Hipp:
    tion . The word is said to convey this meaning ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza .
    in the Ceylonese . AD'ITUS, “ an entrance , ' ' an approach ;'
    ADHERENCE, Adhe'sion , Adhæren'tia , Pros'odos. The entrance to a canal or duct, as
    Concrétio , Atre'sia, Pros'physis, Proscolle'sis, | Aditus ad Aquæductum Fallopii.
    ADIULISTOS 24 ÆGYPTIACUM

    ADIULIS'TOS, from a privative , and ÆDEAL'OGY, Ædæologia , from asort,


    Siuncsa , • I run . ' Unstrained wine
    for phar- ' the pudendum ,' and nozes , a description . '
    maceutical purposes . - Gorræus. A Treatise on the organs of generation .
    ADJUNCTUM , Accompaniment. ÆDCEATOMY, Edæato'mia , from adors ,
    ADJUTOR PARTUS , Accoucheur. the pudendum ,' and teuil , ' I cut. Dissec
    ADJUVANT, Adjuruns, froin Adjura're, tion of the parts of generation.
    " to aid .'A medicine , introduced into a pre- ÆDEI'TIS. Inflammation of the genital
    scription to aid the operation of the principal organs.
    ingredient or basis . Also, whatever assists in ÆDCEOBLENORRHEA, Leucorrhæa.
    the removal or prevention of disease. ÆDCEON , Inguen .
    ADOLES'CENCE , Adolescentia , Juventus, ÆDEOMANIA , Nymphomania.
    Youth ( F ) Jeunesse. The period between ÆDOPSO'PHIA, from ardcore, the puden
    puberty and that at which the body acquires dum ,' and tooliv , ' to make a noise .' Emission
    its full development; being, in man , between of wind by the urethra in man , by the vagina
    the 14th and 25th year ; and, in woman , be- in woman.-- Sauvages and Sagar .
    tween the 12th and 21st .
    ÆDOPTOSIS, Hysteroptosis
    Prolapsus æ . Uteri
    uteri-- æ . Uteri inversa ,— Uterus in,
    ADOʻLIA . A Malabar plant, whose leaves,
    put in oil , form a liniinent, used in facilitating version of the-æ. Uteri retroversa, Retrover
    labour.
    ADOR , Zea Mays. sio uteri - æ . Vaginæ , Prolapsus V. - r , Vesi
    cæ , Exocyste ,
    ADORION , Daucus carota . ÆEIG'LUCES, Aeig'luces, from altl, al
    ADOUCISSANT, Demulcent. ways ,' and gauxus , sweet.' A kind of sweet
    AD PONDUS OM'NIUM . The weight of wine or must. - Gorræus.
    the whole . In a prescription it means, that ÆGAGROPILA , from digazgos, ' the rock
    any particular ingredient shall equal in weight goat , and 71105, ' hair.' Bezoar d'Allemagne,
    the whole of the others.
    ADRA RIZA Aristolochia clematitis.
    Pila Dama'rum seu Rupicapra'rum . A ball ,
    ,
    ADROBOʻLON , from adgos, great,' and composed
    of the goat of hairs , found in the stomach
    ; once used medicinally. See Be
    B220 , 'mass.' The Bdelliurn of India, which zoar .
    is in larger pieces than that of Arabia. ÆGEIROS , Populus .
    ADROS, adpos, plump and full.' Applied ÆGER , Sick .
    to the habit of body, and also to the pulse.- ÆGIAS, Ægis, Æglia, Ægides, from a
    Hippocrates. is not known. ( F ) Aige
    ADSARIA PALA , Dolichos pruriens . Aigle goat;'
    the . Therewhyis, obscurity regarding or
    the pre
    ADSPIRATIO , Aspiration , Inspiration. cise meaning of this word . It was used to
    ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate. designate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent
    ADSTRICTIO , Constipation . cornea.-- Hippocrates
    ADULAS'SO . The Justitia biralris. A Mâitre Jean uses it. for a calcareous deposit
    small shrub , used in India as a local application between the conjunctiva and sclerotica .
    in gout . ÆGIDES , Ægias .
    ADULT AGE , Andri'n , from Adoles'cere , ÆGILOPS , An'chilops, An'kylops , from dig,
    6
    ( to grow . ' Virility. The age succeeding “ a goat,' and w ' , ' the eye .' An ulcer at the
    adolescence, and preceding old age . Adult, greater angle of the eye,which sometimes does
    Adultus, is also used for one in the adult age. not penetrate to the lachrymal sac , butat others
    ADULTERATIO , Falsification. does, and constitutes fistula lachrymalis . — Ga
    ADURION , Rhus coriaria .
    len, ,&Celsus,
    ADUST, Adus'tus, from Adu'rere , “ to burn .' na c.
    Oribasius, Aëtius, Paulus of Ægi
    The blood and fluids were formerly said to be ÆGI'RINON, an ointment of which the
    adust, when there was much heat in the con- fruit or flower of the poplar was an ingredient ;
    stitution and but little serum in the blood .
    ADUSTIO , Burn . from aneipos, the black poplar. '
    ÆGLIA , Ægias .
    ADUS'TION , Adus'tio . State of the body ÆGOCERAS , Trigonella Fænum .
    described under Adust. In Surgery , it signi- ÆGONYCHON , Lithospernum officinale .
    fies cautcrization . ÆGOPHONIA , Egophony.
    ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES , Acquired ÆGOPODIUM PODAGRARIA , Ligusti
    diseases.
    ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. cum podagraria .
    ÆGRIPPA , Agrippa.
    ADYNAMIA, Impoten'tia from a priv. and ÆGRITUDO, Disease-æ . Ventriculi, Vo
    durdues, strength .' Adyna'sia , Gdyna'tia . miting.
    Considerable debility of the vital powers ; as ÆĞROTUS , Sick .
    in typhus fever . Some Nosologists have a ÆGYPTIA , an epithet for several medi
    class of diseases under the name Adynamiæ . cines ,mentioned by Galen , Paulus of Ægina,
    ADYNAMIA Virilis , Impotence. and Myrepsus.
    ADYNASIA , Adynamia. Ægyptia MOSCHATA , Hibiscus abelmoschus.
    ADYNATIA , Adynamia. EGYPTIA STYPTE'RIA αιγυπτια στυπτήρια,,
    ADYNATOS, Sickly . Ægyptian alum , recommended by Hippocrates.
    ÆDEA , Genital organs.
    Ægyp'tia ULCERA ; JEgyptian ulcers. Ul
    ÆDCEAG'RAPIIY , dragraph'ia, from cers of the fauces and tonsils, described by
    andere, ' organs of generation , and 7810w , I Aretæus, as common in Egypt and Syria .
    describe . A description of the organs of gene- ÆGYPTION , Ægyptiacum .
    ration . EGYPTIACUM, αιγυπτιον, μειδησιον , Mcl
    ÆGYPTIUM , &c . 25 ÆTHEREA HERBA

    Egyptiacum , Pharmacum Ægyptiacum ; a castaneæ , Ser. Syst. Heptandria Monogynia.


    preparation of vinegar , honey, and verdigris , The bark has been advised as a substitute for
    scarcely used now , except by veterinary sur: the cinchona. Both bark and fruit are astrin
    geons as a detergent. See Linimentum Eru- gent. Externally,gangren
    cinchon
    it has been employed, like
    ginis . the a, in e.
    ÆGYPTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD ÆSECAVUM , Brass.
    AURES, Pharmacum ad aures . ÆSTATES, Ephelides.
    ÆGYP'TIUS PESSUS ; Ægyptian pessary . ESTHEMA, αισθημα, gen. αισθηματος , a
    A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine,but. sensation, a perception.' See Sensation and
    ter, oil of lily or rose , saffron, each one part; Sensibility .
    with sometimes a small quantity of verdigris . ÆSTHEMATONU'SI, from ano onpeed , and
    AEICHRYSON , Sedum . Vovo or, diseases. ' Diseases affecting sensation .
    AEIPATHIA , see Continent ( disease.) ÆSTHEMATORGANONU'SI. Diseases
    ÆIPATHELA , see Continent (disease .) of the organs of sensation .
    ÆNEA , Catheter. ÆSTHESIS, obognons , Aisthe'sis, from
    ÆOLECTHYMA, Variola. 100 around, ' I feel.' The faculty of being af
    ÆOLLION , Varicella. fected by a sensation . Sensibiliiy, as well as
    ÆON , 19. The entire age of a man from the senses themselves. See Sense.
    birth till death . - Hippocrates, Galen . Also the ÆTAETERION , Sensorium .
    spinal marrow . See Medulla Spinalis. ÆSTHETICA , from ano favolab, ' I feel .'
    ÆONESIS , Fomentation . Diseases affecting the sensations. Dulness ,
    ÆONION , Sedum . depravation or abolition of one or more of the
    ÆO'RA, from aleger , I suspend .' Gesta- external organs of sense. The 2d order, class
    tion , Swinging. - Aetius, Celsus, &c. Neurotica of Good .
    ÆQUALIS , Equal. ÆSTIVUS , Estival .
    ÆQUATOR OCULI . The line formed by ÆSTUARIUM , Stove .
    the union of the upper and under eyelid , when ÆSTUATIO , Ardor, Ebullition , and Fer
    they are closed. It is below the middle of the mentation .
    globe . ÆSTUS , Ardor.
    ÆQUIVOCUS , Equivocal .
    , Æstus Volaticus. Sudden heat, scorching
    AER , Air. or flushing of the face.- Vogel.
    AËRATION OF THE BLOOD, Hamatosis. ÆTAS, Age - æ . Decrepita, Decrepitude.
    AERATUS , Carbonated. ÆTHER , Ether, from entne , air, or from
    AÉRÉ, Carbonated. 2190 , I burn .' Liquor æthereus. A volatile
    ÆREOLUM , Æreolus, Chalchus. The sixth | liquor obtained by distillation from a mixture
    part of an obolus, by weight; consequently of alcohol and a concentrated acid .
    about 2 grains. The Æther CHLORICUS, Chloric Ether , has
    Æ'RESIS , adpeois, the reinoval of any been administered in spasmodic asthma, and
    thing. A suffix denoting a removal or separa- in adynamic conditions of the nervous system ,
    tion , as Aphærēsis, Diarēsis, &c . in the dose of 383 .
    AERIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and The Æther HYDROCYANICUS, Ether Prus.
    the fetid emanations from the sick . – Sauvages. sicus, or Hydrocyanic Ether, has been advised
    AEROLOGY. Aerolog''in, Aerolog"ice, from in whooping cough, and where the Hydrocya
    aus , air,' and 20gos, ' a description . ' That nic Acid is indicated . Dose , 6 drops.
    part of Physics which treats of the air, its ÆTHER SULPHUR'ICUS, Æ. Vitriol'icus,
    qualities, uses, and its action on the animal Naphtha Vitrioli. Ether prepared from sul
    economy. phuric ether and alcohol . ( Sp. rectificat; Acid.
    AEROMANCY , Aeromanti'a, from ang , Sulph. äā lb iss . Distil until a heavier liquid
    air,' and sedyTeld , divination. An art in ju- passes over Ph. L.)
    dicial astrology , which consists in the foretell- The Rectified Ether, Æther rectifica'tuspre
    ing, by means of the air or substances found in pared by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sul
    the atmosphere. phuric ether, f. 3 xiv, fused potass, 3 ss, and dis
    AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus . tilled water. f. Z ij, is a limpid, colourless, very
    AEROPHO'BIA , from ang, ' air,' and poßos, inflammable, volatile liquor ; of a penetrating
    ' fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often and fragrant odour, and hot, pungent taste.
    accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hys. Its s. g. is 0.732. It is a diffusible stimulant,
    teria and other affections. narcotic and antispasmodic , and is externally
    ÆRUCA , Cupri subacetas . refrigerant. Dose git xxx to 3 iss .
    ÆRU'GO, 105 , from es , copper. ' The The Parisian Codex has an Æther ace'ticus,
    rust of any metal, properly of brass. See an #ther muriat'icus or Æther hydrochloricus,
    Cupri Subacetas. an Æther nit'ricus del nitro'sus, and an Ether
    ÆRU'GINOUS, Æruginosus, ladus, from phosphora'tus. They all possess similar virtues.
    Frugo, 'verdigris.? (F ) Érugineur. Resem- ÆTHER Martialis , 'Í'inctura seu Alcohol
    bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis- sulfurico -æthereus ferri - æ . Nitricus alcoolisa
    charged at times from the stomach . tus , Spiritus wetheris nitrici - æ . Sulphuricus
    ES, Cuprum . acidus, Elixir acidum Halleri- æ . Sulphuricus
    SCHOS, arxos. Deformity of the body cum alcohole, Spiritus ætheris sulphurici — æ.
    generally or of some part. - Hippoc. Sulphuricus cum alcohole aromaticus, Spiritus
    ESCULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, Cas- ætheris aromaticus.
    ÆTHEREA HERBA, Eryngium mariti
    tan'ea equi'na , Pavi'na , Horse-chestnut, Buck-
    eye. (F) Marronier d'Inde. Nat. Ord . Hippo. mum .
    4
    ÆTHEREAL 26 AGARIC

    ÆTHE'REAL, Éthe'real, Ethe'reous, Æthe'. AFFECTUS , Passion - a . Faucium , pesti


    reus. (F) Éthérée, Teinture étherée. Anæthe - lens, Cynanche maligna—a. Hyderodes, Hy
    real tincture is one formed by the action of sul- drops.
    phuric ether, at the ordinary temperature , on AFFERENT, Afferens, from affero, I
    medicinal substances . bring .' The vessels which convey the lymph
    ÆTHEROLEA , Olea volatilia . to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent.
    ÆTHIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone . A AFFION or OFFIUM , O'pium , (q. v .).
    stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- The Bantamese thus designate an electuary of
    siderable virtue.- Oribasius. which opium is the basis, and which they use
    ÆTHIOPIS , Salvia Sclarea . as an excitant.
    ÆTHIOPS , from a $ a , ' I burn,' and at , AFFLA'TUS or ADFLA'TUS , ATITVOIL ,
    Icountenance . A black or burnt countenance from ad , ' to,' and flare, “ to blow .' When any
    The ancients gave this name to certain oxides air strikes the body and produces disease, it is
    and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black thus called .
    colour. AFFLUENCE and AFFLUX , from af
    Æruops MARTIAL, Dcutor'ydum Ferri ni- Mu'ere, ' to flow to.' A flow or deiermination
    grum . The black deutoxide of iron. Once in of humours, and particularly of blood , towards
    repute as a tonic . any part .
    Æthiops ALBUS , Albino —æ . Alcalisatus , AFFLUXUS , Fluxion .
    Hydrargyrum cum cretâ—æ. Animal, see Cho. AFFUSIO ORBICULARIS , Placenta .
    roid - æ . Mineralis , Hydrargyri sulphuretum AFFU'SION , Pros'chysis, Epich'ysis , Af.
    nigrum —æ. Narcoticus , Hydrargyri sulphure- fu'sio , from ad' to,' and fundere, ' io pour.
    tum nigrum-æ. per se, Hydrargyri oxydum The action of pouring a liquid on any body.
    cinereum - e. Saccharatus , Hydrargyrum sac- Affusions , cold and warm ,are used in different
    charatum - æ . Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculo- diseases. The cold affusion is sometimes very
    sus . beneficial in cutting short typhus fever and
    ÆTHOLICES, from a15a ,' I burn . ' Fiery scarlatina, if used during the first week . It
    pustules on the skin. Some have considered consists in placing the patient in a tub, and
    them to have been boils. pouring cold water over him ; then wiping him
    ÆTHU'SA MEUM , Meum , Meu , Spignel, dry, and putting him to bed. The only pre
    Baldmoney. (F) Éthuse, Meum . The root has caution necessary, is, to use it in the state of
    been advised as carminative, stomachic , & c . greatest heat and exacerbation ; not when chil.
    ÆTIOL'OGY, Etiologia ,Etiology , Aitiolo- liness, or topical inflammation is present.
    gia , frum ditir, a cause ,' and nogos , ' a dis- AFIUM , Opium .
    course . ' The doctrine of the causesof disease . AFTER BIRTH , Secundines .
    ÆTI'TES, Eagle- stone. Pierre d'Aigle, Hy- AFTER PAINS, see Pains , labour.
    diate de tritoride de fer. This stone was for- AGACEMENT, ( F ), from axçtiv, to '.
    merly supposed to facilitate delivery, if bound sharpen.' The setting on edge.
    on the thigh ; and to prevent abortion , if bound Agacement des dents ; a disagreeable sensation .
    on the arm. It was, also, called Lapis Colly - experienced when acids are placed in contact
    mus . with the teeth. Tooth edge. Setting the teeth
    ÆTOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins. on edge.
    1 Etoi PALEBES, Temporal veins. Agacement des nerfs; a slight irritation of the
    ÆTOLION , Cnidia grana. system, and particularly of ihe organs of sense
    AFFADISSEMENT (F ). That condition and locomotion, corresponding nearly to the
    of the digestive function in which the appetite English Fidgets.
    is diminished, the sense of taste blunted, and AGALACTATIO , A galactia.
    the action of the stomach enfeebled ; a state AGALACTIA , Agalar'is, Agalac'tio , and
    usually accompanied by general languor. Agalacta'tio, Defec'tus, lac'tis , Oligoga'lia , from
    AFFAIRES, Menses. privative, and gond , milk .' Absence of 1
    AFFECTIOʻ HYPOCHONDRIACA , Hypo- milk in the mamme.
    chondriasis - a. Hysterica, Hysteria — á. Tym- AGALAXIS , Agalactia.
    panitica , Tympanites . AGAL'LOCHUM , Calambac , Calambouk ,
    AFFECTION, Affcctio ; any mode in which Lig'num Agullochi ve'ri, Lig'num Aloës, L.
    the mind or body is affected or modified. Aspalathi, Xylo -aloës, Alocs wood . A resinous
    The AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND , Affec'tus 9n'- and very aromatic wood of the East Indies,
    imi, ( F) Affections de l'âme, include not only from the Ercæcaria Agallocha. Used in
    the different passions, as love, hatred, jealousy, making pastils, &c.—Dioscorides, Oribasius,
    & c . , but every condition of the mind that is Paulus.
    accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable AG'ARIC , Agarlicum . A genus of plants
    feeling, as pleasure, fear , sorrow, & c. in the Linnæan system , some of which are
    In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma. edible, others poisonous. It was so called from
    is synonymous with disease : thus we speak of Agaria,a region of Sarmatia. — Dioscorides.
    a pulmonary affection, a calculous affection , & c. Among the edible varieties of the Boletus,
    AFFECTIONS DE L'AME , affections of the the following are the chief. 1. The Agar'icus
    Mind . edu'lis, ( F ) Agaric comestible et champignon de
    AFFEC'TIVE . That which affects, touches, couche. 2. The Agar'icus odora'tus, (F)
    &c. Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F) Mousseron .
    Facultés affectires, to functions dependent upon The most common poisonous varieties are
    organization of the brain, and comprising the the Agar'icus Neca'tor, ( F) Agaric meurtrier :
    sentiments, affections, & c . ' and 2. The Agaricus acris, (F) Agaric âcre ;
    AGARIC FEMALE 27 AGONY

    besides the Auranite, a sub-genus, which in- Proscollesis, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare ,' to
    cludes several species. One of the most deli- glue together.' The first degree of adhesion .
    cate is the Agaricus Aurantiacus,but care must Also, the action of agglutinants.
    be taken not to confound it with the A. Pseudo- AGGLUTINATE, from agglutina're, ' to
    Aurantiacus, which is very poisonous. The A.glue together.' The French use the word
    aurantiacus is called, in French , Oronge. See agglutiner, in the sense of ' to reunite ; ' as
    Poisons, Table of. agglutiner les lèvres d'une plaie, ' to unite the
    AGARIC FEMALE, Boletus igniarius - a.lips of a wound.'
    of the Oak , Boletus lgniarius. AGGLUTINATIF , Agglutinant.
    AGARIC BLANC, Boletus laricis — a. de AGGLUTINER, Agglutinate.
    Chêne, Boletus igniarius - a. Odorant, Boletus AG'GREGATE , Aggrega'lus, from aggre
    suaveolens. ga’re, to assemble together.' Glands are
    AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius—a. Albus, called aggregate, which are in clusters. Ag.
    Boletus laricis — a. Aurantiacus, Amanitæ - a. gregate pills ( F) Pilules ugrégatives, signified,
    Aurantiacus, Bolites - a. Auriculæforma , Peziza formerly , those which were believed to con
    auricula - a . Chirurgorum , Boletus igniarius tain the properties of a considerable number of
    a . Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitæ - a . Quercus, medicines, and to be able to supply their
    Boletus igniarius . place .
    AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre. AGIAHA'LID OR AGIHA'LID , OR
    nata. AGRAHA'LID , An Egyptian and Ethiopian
    AGA'VE AMERICA'NA. American Agate. shrub, similar to the Ximenia. The Ethio
    Nat. Ord . Bromeliaceæ , Sex. Syst. Hexandria pians use it as a vermifuge . The fruit is pur
    Monogynia. This plant has been considered gative.
    diuretic and antisyphilitic . AGHEUSTIA , Ageustia.
    AGE, 'naixia , Helikia , Æ'tas. Period of life . AGIHALID , Agiahalid .
    Time that has elapsed since birth , & c . Five AGITATION , Agitatio : Done'sis, constant
    ages are often designated in the life of man . and fatiguing motion of the body (inquies) ,
    1. First infancy ( Infan'tia ): 2. Second infancy or distressing mental inquietude ( Animi agi
    (Pueri' tia ): Adolescence ( Adolescen'tia ): 4. ta'tio );
    The adult age ( Virilitas) : 5. Old age (Senec'- AGITATORIUS , Convulsive .
    tus) : all which see. AGLO'SSIA, from a priv. and yawora , ' the
    ÁGEN'ESIS, from a privative, and 9818015, tongue.' A malformation which consists in
    ' generation .' Imperfect development of any the want of a tongue.
    part of the body : as cerebral agenesis, i. e . AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossosto
    imperfect development of the brain in the mogra'phia , from a priv.zawson, the tongue,
    fætus. otoud , ' the mouth,' and grow, I describe .'
    AGENNESIA , Sterilitas. Description of a mouth without a tongue.
    AGENT, Agens, from ag'ere, ' to act. ' | Roland (of Saumur) .
    Any power which produces, or tends to pro- AGLÙTITION , Agluti'tio, from a priv. ,
    duce an effect on the human body. Morbific and glutire, to swallow .' A hybrid term ,
    agents, ( F) Agens morbifiques, are the causes designating the impossibility of swallowing :
    of disease. Therapeutical agents, (F) Agens Linnæus.
    thérapeutiques , the means of treating it, & c. AGME , Fracture .
    AGER NATURÆ , Uterus. AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha
    AGERA'SIA , Insenescen'tia, from a priva- langes of the fingers — a. Membrana, Amnios.
    tive , and gupas , old age.' A vigorous and AGNA'THIA , from a priv . and grados , ‘ jaw . '
    green old age . A malformation which consists of a want of the
    AGERATUM , Achillea ageratum . jaw , especially of the lower.
    AGE'RATUS LAPIS . A stone used by AGNOIA , from a priv. and gevorxa , ' I
    cobblers to polish shoes. It was formerly know . ' State of a patient who does not re
    esteemed discutient and astringent.—Galen, cognise individuals.- Hippocr.,Galen , Foësius.
    Oribasius, Paulus. AGNUS CASTUS , Vitex.
    AGES , Palm. AGOʻGE, egegn, the order or condition of
    AGEUSTIA or AGHEUSTIA , Apogeus'. a disease .- Hippoc ., Galen . Likewise the
    tia , Apogeu'sis, Dysæsthesia gustato'ria, Para- state of the air. - Hippoc., Galen , Gorræus,
    geu'sis , from a priv . , and geurtes, laste .' Foësius .
    Diminution or loss of taste. - Sauvages, Cul- AGOGUE , agogos,'a leader,' from age ,' I
    len . lead or expel . ' Hence Cholagogue, an expeller
    AGGLOM'ERATE , Agglomera'tus. Ap- of bile : Hydragogue, &c .
    plied to humours or glands in aggregation . AGOMPHIASIS , Agompho'sis, from a pri
    AGGLUTINANŤ, Agglutinans, Colle !'- vative, and goueocco,' I nail .' Looseness of the
    itcus, Glu'tinans, from gluten , glue .' (F) teeth . Gorræus. See Gomphiasis.
    Agglutinant, Agglutinatif Glutinatif. Reme. AGOMPHOSIS , Agomphiasis.
    dies were formerly so called, which were con- AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
    sidered capable of uniting divided parts.- AGONIA , Sterilitas,
    Paulus . AGONISTICA, from egev, " a combat.'
    Plasters are called agglutinants, (F) agglu . The part of ancient gymnastics, which had
    tinatifs, which adhere strongly to the skin. reference to the combats of the Athletæ.
    Certain bandages are likewise so termed . (F) Also , very cold water, given internally, to
    Bandelettes agglutinatives. calm febrile heat. Paulus of Ægina.
    AGGLUTINA'TION , Colle sis, Epicolle'sis, AG'ONY, Agonia , An 'gor , from eger, a
    AGOSTUS 28 AIR

    combat.' The last struggle of life. - Galen , | ( F ) Gâteau febrile, -a visceral obstruction
    Gorræus, & c. The agony, which is of longer (generally in the spleen ), which follows agues,
    or shorter duration , is characterized by great and is distinctly felt by external examination .
    change in the features , gradual abolition of To a greater or less degree , it is not uncommon .
    sensation and motion , loss of voice, dryness AGUL or ALHAGI, the Hedisarum alhagi.
    or lividity of the tongue and lips,rattling in A thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia,
    the throat, small and intermittent pulse , and which affords manna . The leaves are pur
    coldness of the extremities. This state is not gative ,
    present in those who die suddenly . See Facies AGY'ION , from a priv . and guion , limb.'
    Hippocratica. Mutilated, or wanting limbs. - Hippocr. Weak ,
    AGOSTUS, from 17w , ' I lead . ' The fore feeble. --Galen.
    arın from the elbow to the fingers. Also the AGYR’IAS, from aguges, " a collection . '
    palm of the hand. - Gorræus. See Palm . Opacity of the crystalline . — Aëtius. Paré .
    AGRA , cype , from azpece, ' I seize hold of,' AGÝR'TA, from agueis, ' a crowd . For
    -a seizure, as Odontayra , a tooth seizure , merly meant a stroller , who pretended to su
    tooth -ache ; Chiragra, Podagra, &c. pernatural powers. Subsequently , a quack or
    AGRAHALID , Agiahalıd. illiterate pretender. See Charlatan.
    AGRÉGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- AGYRTIA , Charlatanry .
    gate . AHOUAI, Thevetia Ahouai.
    AGRIA , Herpes exedens. AHUSAL , Orpiment.
    AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba. AIDE, ( F ) Adjutor minister. An assistant
    AGRIFOLIUM , Ilex aquifolium . to a surgeon in his operations.
    AG’RIMONY, Eupato'rium , Caf'al, Lap': AIDOROMANIA , Nymphomania .
    pula Hepatica . (F ) Aigremoine. The Agri- AIERSA , Iris Germanica.
    mo'nia Eupato'ria . Nat . Ord. Rosaceæ , Sex . AIGE, Egias.
    Syst. Icosandria Digynia. A mild astringent AIGLE . Near the city of this name, in
    and stomachic . Dose, in powder, from Dj Normandy, is the chalybeate spring of Saint
    to 3j. Xantin , much used in the 16th and 17th cen.
    AGRIMONY, hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum . turies.
    AGRIOCÁSTANUM , Bunium bulbocasta- AIGLE, Ægias .
    num , Lycoperdon tuber. AIGRE , Acidulous.
    AGRÍOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum . AIGRELET, Acidulous .
    AGRICOCCIMELEA , Prunus spinosa. AIGREMOINE , Agrimony .
    AGRIORIGANUM , Origanum majorana. AIGREURS, Acidities.
    AGRIOSELINUM , Smyrnium olusatrum . AIGU, Acute .
    AGRIOTHYM'IA , from aggros , ‘ ferocious,' AIGUILLE , Needle .
    and Junos , disposition • Ferocious insanity . AIGUILLON, ( F ) Spina Helmontii. A
    -Sauvages. term used since the time of Van Helmont, to
    AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus car- designate the proximate cause of inflammation.
    diaca . According to him , an inflamed part is in the
    AGRIPAUME , Leonurus cardiaca. same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn was
    AGRIPPA or ÆGRIF'PA , from æger thrust into it .
    partus, difficult birth : ' or perhaps from AIGUISER , to Acidulate .
    ayse, ' taking or seizure ,' and nous , ihe foot .' AIL, Allium .
    This term has been given to those born by the AILE, Ala, Aileron .
    feet. It is pretended that the family of AILERON, ( F ) Extrema ala vel Pin'nula,
    Agrippa obtained their
    ion
    name from this cir- diminutive of (F ) Aile,a wing. The extremity
    cumstance . Parturit of
    where the feet pre- the wing of a bird, to which the great fea
    sent is called Agrippe partus, Agrippinus thers are attached .
    partus. AILERONS DE LA MATRICE, three folds at the
    AGRIPPINUS PARTUS . See Agrippa. base of the broad ligaments of the uterus,
    AGRO DI CEDRO . See Citrus medica. which are occupied by the ovary and its liga
    AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba. ment, the Fallopian tube, and the round liga
    AGRUNA , Prunus spinosa. ment.
    AGRYPNIA , Insomnia . AIMA, dilere , See Hæma .
    AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil. AIMANT, Magnet.
    AGRYPNODES , αγρυπνωδης ,from αγρυπ- AIMATERA, Hepatirrhea.
    ros, sleepless.' Characterized by sleepless- AIMORRHA, Hæmorrhagia.
    ness, as Febris agrypnodes, a fever accom- AIMORRHOIS , Hæmorrhois.
    panied with sleeplessness . AIMORROSS, Hæmorrhois .
    AGRYP'NUS, agputros, sleepless,' ' vigi- AINE , Inguen.
    lant ;' hence Agrypnodes ( Febris) , fever at- AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
    tended with watching . AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot.
    AGUE , Intermittent fever - a . free, Laurus AIPIPOCA , Jatropha manihot.
    sassafras — a. Quartan , Quartan-a. Tertian , AIR , Aer, from aw, ' I breathe ,' Common air,
    Tertian fever - a. weed , Eupatorium perfo- Atmospheric air , is an invisible, transparent,
    liatum . inodorous , insipid , ponderable , compressible,
    AGYRTA , Charlatan . and elastic fluid , which , under the form of the
    A'GUE CAKE , Placenta febri'lis , Phys. atmosphere, surrounds the earth to the height
    co'nia splen'icum , P. splenica, Splenis Tumor ; of 15 or 16 leagues.
    AIR 29 ALBOR OVI

    Air is essentially composed of two gases, project, like a wing, from the median line ; as
    oxygen and azote , in the proportion of 20 of the Alæ nasi , Ala of the uterus, &c . See Avilla
    the former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the and Pavilion of the Ear.-9 . Extrema, see Aile
    vital portion , but the azote is necessary to ron.
    dilute it. Air also contains a small portion of ALABAS'TER , Alabas'trum . (F) Albâtre,
    carbonic acid gas , and it has , always floating Alabastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum ;
    in it, aqueous vapour, different terrestrial ema- of which an ointment was once made ;-the
    nations, & c . Its effects upon the human body unguentum alabastri'num ; used as a discutient.
    vary according to its greater or less density, Alabaster likewise entered into several Denti
    temperature, moisture , & c .; hence, change of frices.
    air is found extremely serviceable in the pre- ALABASTRITES , Alabaster.
    vention and cure of certain morbid conditions. ALÆ INTERNÆ MINORES CLITORI
    See CLIMATE . DIS , Nymphæ - a. Majores, Labia pudendi - a.
    Air , Cells of the Lungs , Bronchial cells ; Minores, Nymphæ .
    see Cellule-a. Dephlogisticated , Oxygen- a . ALAGNUS, Myrice gale .
    Empyreal, Oxygen-a. Factitious, Carbonic ALATER , To suckle .
    acid-a. Fixed, Carbonic acid-a. Inflammable , ALALIA , Mutitas.
    Hydrogen-a. Pure, Oxygen - a. Solid , of ALAMBIC , Alembic .
    Hale's Carbonic acid - a. Vital, Oxygen . ALANFU'TA . A name given , by the Ara
    AIR , acide vitriolique, Sulphurous acid - a . bians, to a vein , situate between the chin and
    alcalin, Ammonia — a.du feu ,Oxygen - a. gate , lower lip, which they were in the habit of
    Azote - a . vicié , Azote . opening in cases of fætor of the breath . - Avi
    The AIR PASSAGES , ( F) Voies aëriennes, cenna.
    aërifères, are the larynx, trachea, bronchi, &c . ALAQUE/ CA . The Hindusthanee name of
    ÅTRAIN , Bellmetal , Brass. a stone, found in small, polished fragments,
    AIRE, Areola. which is considered efficacious in arresting
    AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr. hemorrhage when applied externally. It is a
    tillus — a. ponctuée, Vaccinium vitis idæa. sulphuret of iron .
    ATRIGNE, Hook . ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
    AISSELLE , Axilla . ALARES VENÆ . The superficial veins
    AISTHESIS , Æsthesis . at the fold of the arm .
    AITHOMO'MA, from 21905, " black . ' A ALA'RIA OSSA . The wing-like processes
    black condition of all the humours of the eye . of the sphenoid bone.
    A. Paré. ALATERNUS, COMMON , Rhamnus ala
    AITIA , Cause. ternus.
    AITIOLOGY , Ætiologia . ALATUS. Pterygo'des. One whose scapu
    AITION , Cause . læ project backwards like wings.
    AIX -LA CHAPELLE , MINERAL WA- ALBADA'RA . The sesamoid bone of the
    TERS OF. Called by the Germans, A achen . metatarso -phalangal joint of the great toe : The
    A thermal, sulphureous, mineral water, which Rabbis and Magiciansattributed extraordinary
    contains , in 1000 grammes , 28.54 cubic' inches virtues to it. - Arabians.
    of hydro -sulphuric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum .
    of carbonic acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of car ALBAMENTUM , Albumen ovi.
    •

    bonate of lime, 0.0440 grammes of carbonate of ALBAN ,SAINT,MINERAL WATERS OF .


    magnesia ,0.5444 grammes of sub - carbonate of A French acidulous chalybeate, in the depart
    soda, 2.3697 grammes of muriate of soda, 0.2637 ment of the Loire.
    of sulphate of soda, and 0.0705 of silica. The ALBÀ TRE, Alahaster.
    temperature is 46 ° R. ( 135.5 F.) ALBARA , Lepra alphoides.
    The fuctitious water of Air-la -Chapelle, A' qua ALBARÆS, Lepra alphoides .
    Aquisgranen'sis, ( F ) Eau d'Aix -la -Chapelle, is ALBARAS NIGRA , Liepra nigricans.
    made by adding pure water Zxvijss , to hydro- ALBAROS , Lepra alphoides.
    sulphuretted water 3 iv , carbonate of soda gr . ALBICAN'TIA CORPORA . C. Candican
    xx , muriate of soda gr. ix. Ph. P. tia, from albico, ' I grow white .' Willis's
    There are thermal sulphureous springs at glands in the brain ; anterior to the tuber an.
    Aix in Savoy , and some thermal springs at Aix nulare. See Mammillary Eminence.
    in Provence . ALBIN D ' UF, Albumen ovi.
    AIZOON , Sempervivum tectorum . ALBI'NO . • White . ' Leuca'thiops, JEthiops
    AJU'GA. A.pyramida'lis, Consolida Média, albus, Dondo, from allus, ' white . ' (F) Blufard,
    Bu'gula , Upright Bugloss, Middle Consound. Nègre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indi
    ( F) Bugle pyramidale. This plantis subastrin- viduals of the human race who have the skin
    gent and bitter. See , also, Teucrium Chame- and hair white, the iris very pale, bordering on
    pitys . red ; and the eyes so sensible , that they can.
    The AJU'GA REPTANS , Bu'gula, Common not bear the light of day. This condition,
    Bugle,
    ties .
    (F) Bugle rampante, has similar proper- which has been called Leucæthiopia , Alpho'sis
    Æthiop'ica, Albonožs'mus, Leucoputhi'a, is seen •
    AKATALIS, Juniperus communis. more frequently in the Negro. Both sexes are
    AKATERA , Juniperus communis. exposed to it ; but it does not seem to be true ,
    AKINESIA , Acinesia . that there are tribes of Albinos in the interior
    AKOLOGY , Materia Medica . of Africa .
    ALA, Pinna , Pteryx ,'a wing:' (F ) Aile. A ALBINOISMUS , see Albino.
    term often used by anatomists for parts which ALBOR OVI , Albumen ovi .
    ALBORA 30 ALCHYMY

    AL/ BORA. A kind of itch or complicated for a fancied universal solvent, capable of re
    leprosy . - Paracelsus. ducing every body to its elements .
    AL BOT, Crucible . The AlcaEST OF GLAUBER is a thick liquor
    ALBOTIM , Terebinthina. obtained by detonating nitrate of potass on hot
    ALBUGIN'EA , Tu'nica albugin'ea. A. Tes- coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of
    tis, Peritestis , Membra'na capsula'ris testis. (F) potass.
    Albuginée, Tunique albuginée, is a strong , The ALCAEST OF RESPOUR is a mixture of
    fibrous, and resisting membrane, which imme- potass and oxyd of zinc.
    diately envelops the testicle , and has, at its ALCAHEST , Alcaest.
    upper part , an enlargement, called corpus ALCALES'CENCE , Alkales'cence, Alcales
    Highmorianum . From its inner surface it centia . The condition in which a fluid be
    sends off a number of fat, filiform prolonga- comes alkaline .
    tions or septa , between which are contained , ALCALESCENCE OF THE HUMOURS was an old
    notion of the Humorists. It can only occur
    the seminiferous vessels. Externally , it is co-
    vered by the tunica vaginalis testis . during the putrid fermentation of animal mat
    ALBUGINÉE , Albuginea. ters , which contain azote , and produce ammo
    ALBUGINEOUS . Albugin'eus, from albus, nia . • Alcalinity ' is the quality of being alca
    'white.' A term applied to textures,humours, line .
    & c ., which are perfectly white . AL'CALI or AKKALI, from al ( Arab .,)
    ALBUGIN'EOUS FIBRE, ( F) Fibre albuginée , a the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la Soda,
    name given by Chaussier to what he considers a plant which contains a large quantity of one
    one of the four elementary fibres. of the principal alkalis - soda. The alkalis are
    The albugineous fibre is linear , cylindrical,substances soluble in water, possessing gene
    tenacious, elastic , but little extensible, and of a rally a urinous , acrid , and caustic taste ,turning
    shining, satiny appearance. It always forms the syrup of violets green, and restoring to
    fasciæ or fasciculi, which constitute the tendons , blue the infusion of litmus, which has been
    articular ligaments, and aponeuroses: hence reddened by acids ; reddening the yellow of
    the name Albugineous membranes, given by turmeric , and having the greatest tendency to
    Chaussier to the fibrous membranes. unite with acids, whose character they modify ,
    Gauthier considers that the rete mucosum and form salts with them . In medicine we un.
    consists of four layers, to two of which he derstand by this term Potassa, Soda, or Ammo
    gives the names,-membra'na albugin'ea pro- nia ( 9. v )
    fun'da ,and membra'na albugin'ea superficia'lis, CAUSTIC ALCALI, Alkali Caus'ticum . A pure
    respectively. alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid .
    ALBUGO OCULORUM , Leucoma-a. Ovi , The FIXED ALCALIS are soda and potassa ;
    Albumen ovi . the Volatile Alcali , ammonia.
    ALBULA , Leucoma. ALCALI AMMONIACUM ACETATUM , Liquor am
    ALBUM GRÆCUM , Cynoc'oprus, Spo'dium moniæ acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidum , Li
    Græcorum , Album Cunis, Stercus Caninum Al- quor ammoniæ - a. Fixum tartarizatum , Potasse
    bum . The white dung of the dog . It consists tartras - a. Minerale sulphuricum , Soda, sul
    almost wholly of phosphate of lime, from the phate of — a. Tartari aceto saturatum , Potasse
    bones used as food. It was formerly applied as acetas - a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum ,
    a discutient to the inside of the throat in quin- Potassæ murias hyperoxygenatus — a . Vegeta
    seys, but is now justly banished from practice. bile tartarizatum , Potassæ tartras - a Vegetabile
    ALBUM CANIS , Album græcum-a. Ceti , Ce. vitriolatum , Potassæ sulphas — a. Volatile ace
    taceum . tatum , Liquor ammoniæ acetatis -- a . Volatile
    ALBUM NIGRUM . The excrementofthe mouse . aeratum , Ammoniæ carbonas-a. Volatile ex
    ALBU'MEN , from albus, ' white .' ( F) Al- sale ammoniaco, Ammoniæ carbonas.
    bumine. An immediate principle of animals ALCALIGENE , Azote .
    and vegetables, which constitutes the chief part ALKALINITY, see Alkalescence .
    of the white of egg . It is found in the serum , ALCANA , Anchusa officinalis,
    chyle , synovia , serous fluids, &c . ALCANNA ORIENTALIS, Lawsonia iner
    The ALBU'MEN OVI, Albu'mor, Albu'go Ovi, mis — a. Spuria , Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera,
    Albor Ori, Can'didum Ori, Albu'men, Clareta, Lawsonia inermis .
    Ovi albus liquor, Albumen'tum , Lac aris or white ALCEA , Hibiscus abelmoschus - a. Ægyp
    of egg . ( F) Blanc d'auf, (Old F) Albin d'auf, is tiaca , Hibiscus abelmoschus - a . Indica, Hibis
    used in pharmacy for suspending oils, & c., in cus abelmoschus .
    water . See Ovum . ALCE'A ROʻSEA, Common hollyhock . Emol
    ALBUMINE , Albumen . lient , like the Althæa.
    ALBUMINU’RIA , a hybrid, from ‘ Albumen ,' ALCHACHENGE , Physalis .
    and cuper , the urine .' The condition of the ALCHACHIL , Rosmarinus.
    urine in which it contains albumen , the pre- ALCHAEST, Alcahest.
    sence of which is indicated by its coagulation ALCHEMIL'LA , A. vulga'ris , Common La
    on the application of adequate heat. dies' Mantle. Pes Leo'nis, Leontopo'dium ( F )
    ALBUMOR , Albumen ovi. Pied de Lion . Formerly in great repule as an
    AL'CAEST, Alcahest Archaest, perhaps astringent in hemorrhage.
    from ( G) all, 'all, and geist, spirit.' A ALCHEMY, Alchymy.
    word invented by Paracelsus to designate a ALCHITRAM , see Pinus Sylvestris .
    liquor, which, according to him , was capable ALCHITURA , see Pinus Sylvestris.
    of removing every kind of swelling. ALCOCALUM , Cynara scolymus.
    The same word was used by Van Helmont! ALCHYMY, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alchimi'a,
    ALCOHOL 31 ALEXANDRINE

    Adep'ta Philoso'phia, from al, an Arabic parti- ALCOOLISER ( F ). Formerly , to reduce


    cle, signifying , superiority, excellence, and into an impalpable powder.' No longer used .
    Chimia, 'Chymistry. This word was formerly ALCOOLOME TER, Areometer.
    synonymous with Chymistry ; but, from the ALCORNOQUE ( F) Corter Alcornoco, A
    7th century , it has been applied to the myste- bark but little known and distributed in France ,
    rious art ofendeavouring to discover a univer- which has been considered capable of curing
    sal remedy, and a mode of transmuting the phthisis. It is bitter, tonic and slightly as
    baser metals into gold : an operation to which tringent. Dose of the powder Ii to zss.
    they gave the name Opus magnum , and Philo- AL CYON , Halcyon . A swallow of Cochin
    sopher's stone. China, whose nests are gelatinous and very nu
    Alchymy has also been called Scien'tia vel tritious. They have been proposed in medicine
    Philoso'phia Hermet'ica, from an idea that as analeptic and aphrodisiac.
    Hermes or Mercury was its inventor. ALCYO'NIUM , Bastard sponge. The ashes
    Harris has well defined this chimerical art : were formerly employed as' dentifrices: they
    Ars sine arte, cujus principium est mentiri, me- were believed proper for favouring the growth
    dium laborare, et finis mendicure.' of the hair and the beard, and were used in
    Al'chymist, Flatua'rius, Adept'; one pre- Alopecia .
    tending to alchymy. ALDER, BLACK , Prinos , Rhamnus fran .
    AL'COHOL , Alcool, Alkool; an Arabic word, gula .
    formerly used for an impalpable powder, and ALE , Cerevisia.
    signifying very subtile , much divided .' At ALEACAS , Glycyrrhiza.
    the present dayit is applied to the highly rec- ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita.
    tified spirit of wine. See Spiritus rectificatus, ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS , Aleclo'ria ; from
    or rectified spirit, distilled from dried subcar- anex tag, ' a cock .' The name of a stone , sup
    bonate of potassa . posed to exist in the stomach of the cock , or,
    Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than according to others, in that of the capon , four
    water, of a warm , acrid taste, colourless, trans- years old. Many marvellous properties were
    parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is formerly attributed to it, which are as ground
    the product of the distillation of vinous liquors . less as its existence. There are no stones in
    Alcohol is miscible with water in all propor- the stomach ,except what have been swallowed.
    tions, and it is the direct solvent of resins, ALEGAR , Acetum .
    balsams, &c. Various other vegetable princi- ALEIMMA, Liniment,
    ples are soluble in it, and hence it is used , in ALEIPHA , Liniment.
    different states of concentration , in the prepa- ALEIPTE'RIUM , from an 1196. " I anoint.'
    ration of elixirs, tinctures, essences, &c. The place in the ancient gymnasium where
    Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful the combatants anginted themselves.
    ALEIP'TRON , Same etymon. A box for
    stimulus: as such , in a dilute form , it is used in
    the prevention
    ual and and use
    inordinate cureisofthedisease.
    cause Its
    of habit-
    many containing ointments.
    ALEMA , Farina.
    serious affections, of a chronic character espe- ALEM'BIC (Arab.) Moorshead, Capitellium ,
    cially , as visceral obstructions, dropsy , & c . Capitulum , (F) Alambic. A utensil made of
    ALCOHOL ÆTHEREUS FERRATUS, A. sulfurico- glass, metal, or earthen ware , and adapted for
    æthereus ferri - a. cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinc- distillation. It consists of a body or cucurbit, to
    tura aloes — a. Ammoniæ et guaiaci , Tinctura which is attached a head or capital, and out of
    gu ammoniata-a. Ammoniatum , Spiritus this a beak descends laterally to be inserted
    ammonie-a. Ammoniatum aromaticum, Spi- into the receiver.
    ritus ammoniæ aromaticus — a . Ammoniatum ALEM'BROTH ( Salt .) The alchymists de
    fætidum , Spiritus ammoniæ fætidus — a. cum signated by this name, and by those of Sal
    Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum acidum supientiæ , Sal vitæ and S. Seientiæ , the product
    aromaticum - a. cum Aromatibus compositus, resulting from the sublimation of a mixture of
    Tinctura cinnamomi composita—a. Castoria. corrosive sublimate and sal ammoniac. It is
    tum, Tinctura castorei-a. cum Crotone casca- stimulant, but not employed .
    rilla , Tinctura cascarillæ — a. Dilutum , Spiritus ALESE (F) Alèze, Linteum , from arocco, ' I
    tenuior - a. Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis , preserve . A guard. A cloth arranged in seve
    a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus,see Ferrum ral folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to guard
    tartarizatum - a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo. it from the lochial or other discharges.
    niatus, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniatama. Iodii, AL'ETON , Farina.
    Tinctura Iodinæ - a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii AL'ETRIS FARINO'SA. Stargrass, Star
    -a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir acidum Halleri-a . wort. Nat. Ord . Asphodeleæ , Sex. Syst. Hex
    Sulphuricum , Elixir acidum Halleri - a . Sul- andria Monogynia . This plant is an intense
    phuris, Carbonis sulphuretum . and permanent bitter, and is used as a tonic and
    ALCOOL, Alcohol—a. Camphré, Spiritus stomachic. It is common in the United States.
    camphoræ . ALEURON , Farina.
    ALCOOLAT, Tincture . ALEUROTÉSIS , see Cribration.
    ALCOOLATUM , Tincture - a. Antiscorbu- ALEXANDERS , Smyrnium olusatrum .
    ticum ,Tinctura de cochleariis — a Carminativum ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA, see
    Sylvii, Tinctura carminativa Sylvii - a. de Alexandrine.
    Cochleariis , Tinctura de Cochleariis - a. de ALEXAN'DRINE , Emplas'trum Alexan'dri,
    Croco compositum , Tinctura de croco compo- a garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, con
    sita . temporary of Mesuë . Other ancient prepara
    ALEXICACUM 32 ALKALI

    tions were called Alexandrine ;' as the Aler- ! ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid mus
    an'dri antidotus au'rea, used in apoplexy ; the cles .
    Collyrium siccum Alexandri'num , or 6 Colly- ALIGULUS , Confection .
    rium of king Alexander ,' mentioned by Aëtius . ALIMELLE , Parotid.
    ALÈXICACUM , Amuletum , Alexipharmic , AL'IMENT, Alimentum , Ciba'rium , Broma ,
    ALEXIPHAR'MIC , Alexipharmicus, Anti Comis'te, Cibus, Esca , Nutri'tus,Nutrimentum ,
    pharmacus, Alerica'cus, Caco-alerite'ria, Leri. Sitos, Trophê, ( F ) Aliment, Nourriture, from
    phar'macus, (F) Alexipharmaque, from deferv, alere, ' to nourish ;' food . Any substance , which ,
    to repel,' and org.uaxov , poison .' A térm if introduced into the system , is capable of
    formerly used for medicines which were con- nourishing it and repairing its losses .
    sidered proper for expelling from the body va- The study of Aliments forms one of the most
    rious morbific principles, or for preventing the important branches of Hygiène. They are
    bad effects of poisons taken inwardly . confined to the organized kingdom : the mine
    ALEXIPYRETICUS , Febrifuge. ral affording none.
    ALEXIR , Elixir . As regards the immediate principles which
    ALEXITERIA , fromdrogas, ' to assist.' predominate in their composition , they may
    Originally ,alexiterium was used synonymously be classed as follows.
    with remedy. In more modern times it has TABLE OF ALIMENTS .
    been applied to a class of medicines, that coun
    teractpoisons placed in contact with the exte. Wheat, barley, oats , rye , rice ,
    1. Feculaceous. Indian corn , potatoe , sago ,
    rior of the body, in contradistinction to alexi peas , beans, & c.
    pharmic. 5 Carrot, turnip , aspa
    ALEXITERIU M CHLORICUM , see Dis- 2. Mucilaginous . ragis,salsify,beet,
    cabbage, lettuce, arti.
    infection - a . Nitricum , see Disinfection. choke,melon , & c.
    ALÈZE , Alèse . 3. Saccharine. Sugar, fig, date, raisin , apri
    ALFUSA , Tutia . cot , & c .
    Orange , currant, gooseberry,
    ALGALIE , Catheter, 4. Acidulous. cherry , peach , strawberry,
    AL'GAROTH , Al'garot, Algaro'thi Pulvis, raspberry , mulberry , prune,
    Pulris Angelicus, Ox'idum seu sulmu'rias pear, apple , sorrel, & c .
    Stil'ii præcipitando para'tum : Antimonii Or'y 5. Oleaginous and Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
    walnut, animal fat, oil , but.
    dum ; Or'idum antimo'nii Nitro -muriat'icum , Fatty. ter , &c .
    Or'idum Slib'ii Acido Muriatico orygena'to 6. Gaseous . Different kinds of milk , cheese .
    Tendon , aponeurosis, true skin ,
    para'tum, Mercu'rius Vita , Mercu’rius Mortis, 7. Gelatinous . cellular texture ; very young
    so called from Victor Algarothi, a Veronese animals .
    physician ; the sub -muriate of protoride of anti- 8. Albuminous. Brain , nerve , eggs, & c.
    mony, separated from the muriate of antimony 9. Fibrinous. Flesh and blood .

    by washing away some of its acid . It was ALIMENTARY TUBE , Canal , alimentary .
    formerly much used as an emetic , purgative , ALIMENTATION , Alimenta'tio ; the act of
    and diaphoretic . nourishing.
    ALGE'DO, from angos, pain .' Violent pain ALIMENTUM , Pabulum .
    about the neck of the bladder , occasionally oc- ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza.
    curring in gonorrhea. - Cockburn. ALINDE'SIS, from amovsoused, ' to be turned
    ALGEDON , Pain . about. A species of exercise, which consisted
    ALGEMA, Pain . in rolling in the dust,after having been anoint
    ALGESIS , Pain . ed with oil. — Hippocr.
    ALGETICUS, see Algos . ALIPÆNOS, Alipa'num , Alipan'tos, from a
    AL'GIDUS, from algor, ' cold. ' That which priv . and 117 kvelv, ' to be fat.' An epithet for
    is accompanied by coldness . merly given to every external remedy, devoid
    Febris AL'GIDA , F. horrif'ica , F. quer' quera . of fat or moisture ; such as powders.- Galen.
    (F) Fièvre algide. A pernicious intermittent, ALIPANTOS , Alipanos.
    accompanied by icy coldness, which is often ALIP'TA , Aliptes, from 178100 , " I anoint. '
    fatal in the second or third paroxysm . He who anointed the Athlelæ after bathing .
    ALGOR , Rigor. The place where this was done was called
    ALGOS, angos , ' pain .' See Pain . Hence, Alipterium .
    Alget'icus, anx & T1895, painful,' as Epilepsia 'ALIP'TICA, same etymon . The part of
    algetica. The suffix algia has the same signi- ancient medicine , which treated of inunction ,
    fication , as in Cephalalgia ; Pleuralgia , Neural- as a means of preserving health .
    gia, ốc. ALISIER BLANC, Cratæ gus aria.
    ALHAGI, Agul. ALISMA , Arnica montana.
    ALIBILIS , Nutritious. ALISMA PLANTA'Go , Water Plantain , (F)
    ALICA, Halica , Farina'rium , Chondrus, Plantain d'Eau . Nat. Ord . Alisnjaceæ , Ser.
    from anot, bouillie . A grain from which the Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. The fresh root
    ancients made their tisanes ; supposed, by is acrid , and the dried leaves will vesicate.
    some, to have been the Triticum Spelta . At The leaves have been proposed as substitutes
    times , it seems to have meant the tisane itself. for the Uva Ursi .
    AL'ICES, from anoçu , I sprinkle .' Spots ALITURA, Nutrition .
    which precede the eruption of smallpox. AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'ne ; an ancient
    ALIENATIO , Anomalia . pharmaceutical name for pullets' fat.
    ALIENATION , MENTAL, Insanity . ALKALESCENCE , Alcalescence.
    ALIENUS , Delirious. ALKALI , see Alcali-- a . Ammoniacum caus
    ALIFORMIS , Pterygoid . ticum , Ammonia-.a. Aumoniacum spirituo
    ALKANET 33 ALMOND

    sum , Spiritus ammoniæ - a . Minerale nitratum , Sicily , but cultivated for use . The bulbs or
    Soda, nitrate of—a. Minerale phosphoratum , cloves, Agʻlithes, have a strong, offensive, and
    Soda, phosphate of - a . Minerale salinum , Soda, penetrating odour ; and a sweetish , biting, and
    muriate of — a. Vegetable, Potash - a. Vegeta- caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant,
    bile cum aceto, Potassie acetas—a. Vegetabile diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?) , dia
    fixum causticum , Potassa fusa—a. Volatile , phoretic, and anthelmintic. Eaternally, it is
    Ammonia — a. Volatile causticum , Ammonia- rubefacient, maturative , and repellent.
    a. Volatile , concrete , Ammoniæ carbonas-a Dose , one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or
    Volatile nitratuin , Ammoniæ nitras-a. Volatile from 3ss to zij of the juice
    tartarizatum , Ammoniæ tartras - a . Volatile Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum ,
    vitriolatum , Ammoniæ sulphas. appears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of
    ALKANET, bastard, Lithospermum offici- almonds, and coloured by alkanet root.
    nale-a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria -- a . Garden, ALLIUM ASCALONICUM , Echalotte .
    Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offi- Al'LIUM CEPA , Common Onion , Cepulla ,
    cinalis . Crom'myon. ( F. ) Oignon. Acrid and stimu
    ALKAR , Medicament. lating, and possessing very little nutriment.
    ALKEKENGI , Physalis. Onions have been used as stimulants, diure
    ALKER'MES, Confec'tio Alker'mes , Alcher- tics, and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted
    mes.. A celebrated electuary, composed of a onion , as a cataplasm, is emollient andmatu
    multitude of substances . It was so called from rating. The fresh root is rubefacient. The
    ex
    the grains of kermes contained in it. It was pressed juice is sometimes used in otalgia and
    used as a stimulant . in rheumatism .
    ALKERVA , see Ricinus communis. Allium Gallicum , Portulaca .
    ALKITRAN , Cedria . AL'LIUM PorruM , Porrum , Prasum , 181900 ,
    ALKOOL , Alcohol. the Leek or Porret; ( F) Poireau, Porreau. Pos
    ALLAITEMENT, Lactation . sesses the same properties as the onion .
    ALLAITER , To suckle . The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon
    ALLAMAN'DA, A Cathar'tica ,Ordlin gran-an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol,
    diflora,
    scan'dens
    Gal'arip s, Echi'nus scandens, A poe' ynum acids, and alkalies .
    shrub,
    : a native of Guiana , the in Allium , Redolens, Teucrium scordium .
    fusion of whose leaves is said by Linnæus to Al'LIUM VICTORU'LE, l'ictoria'lis longa.
    be useful in colica pictonum . The root, ch , when dried, loses its allia
    ALLANTOIC ACID , Ac" idum allantoicum , ceous smell and taste , is said to be efficacious
    a peculiar acid, found inthe liquor of the allan- women
    tois of the cow .
    in allaying
    ( ).
    the abdominal spasms of pregnant
    ALLANTOIS, Allantoï'des, Membra 'na uri. ALLOCHOOS, Delirious .
    na'ria, M. Farcimina'lis, M. Intestinalis, the ALLOCHROMA'SIA , from annos, ' another ,'
    xparper, colour.' A change of colour.
    Allantoid Vesicle, from ahas, a sausage , and andALLOIOSIS
    Eldos , ' shape .' A sort of elongated bladder, be , Alteration ,
    tween the chorion and amnion of the fætus, ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative .
    and communicating with the bladder by the ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath'icus, Heteropath'ic,
    urachus. It is very apparent in quadrupeds, from 21nos, another,' and ratés, affection.
    but not in the human species. The Auid of Relating to the ordinary method of medical
    the allantoid has been considered inservient to practice, in contradistinction to Homeopa
    the nutrition of the fætus, but our ideas, in thic .
    regard to the vesicle , in man , are far from ALLOPATHY, Allopathia , from annos, ' ano
    being determinate . ther, different ,' and Tabos, disease. The op
    ALLANTOTOXICUM , from andas, ' a sau- posite to Homeopathy. The ordinary medi.
    sage,' and to Eixov , ' a poison .' The Germans cal practice.
    have given this name to a poison developed in ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
    sausages formed of blood and liver. ALLOTRIODON’TIA , from a dorpios, fo
    ALLELUIA , Oxalis acetosella. reign ,' and odous, ' a tooth.' Transplantation of
    ALLGOOD , Chenopodium bonus Henricus. teeth .
    ALLHEAL , Heracleum spondylium . ALLOTRIOPHAGIA , Malacia.
    ALLIA'CEOUS , allia'ccus, from allium , ' gar ALLOTRIU'RIA , from annospies, foreign ,'
    lic. ' Belonging to garlic , as alliaceous odour. and oupor , urine .' Admixture of foreign mat
    ALLIAIRE, Alliaria . ters with the urine .
    ALLIA'RIA , Erys'imum allia'ria, Jack -in the- ALLSPICE , see Myrtus pimenta.
    hedge, Stinking,hedge mustard, Sauce-alone, ALLUCINATIO , Hallucination.
    Hesperis allia'ria, ( F) Alliaire. This plant has ALLURE , Influenza .
    been sometimes given in humid asthma and ALMA , Water.
    dyspnea. It is reputed to be diaphoretic, diu. ALMARIAB, see Plumbi oxydum semivi
    retic , and antiscorbutic . treum .
    The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup ALMEZERION , Cneorum tricoccum .
    of alliaria, Sirop d'erysimum composé , which is ALMOND , Amygdala .
    used in hoarseness . Almond Bloom . A liquid cosmetic : formed
    ALLIGATURA , Fascia, Ligature. of Brazil dust, Zi , water ibiij ; boil and strain ;
    AL/ LIUM , from oleo, ' I smell.' A. sati'oum ,and add isinglass_3vj, grand sylvestria zij,or
    Theriacarusticoʻrum , Ampeloprasum, Scor/o - cochineal zij, alumzj,borax ziij; boil again,and
    don, Garlic , ( F ),Ail.Nat. Ord. Asphodeleæ , strain through a fine cloth .
    Sez. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. A native of Almond Cake , see Amygdala — a. of the Ear,
    5
    ALNUS NIGRA 34 ALUMEN

    Tonsil — a. Paste , see Amygdala - a. Powder , called from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of
    see Amygdala - a. of the Throat, Tonsil. Naples .- Scultetus.
    ALNUS NIGRA , Rhamnus frangula.
    ALOEDA'RIUM , anondsepoov ; a compound ALPHOS , Lepra alphoides.
    medicine, containing aloes .— Gorræus. ALPHOSIS ÆTHIOPICA , See Albino.
    ALOES , Aloe , Fel Natu're ; the inspissated ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM , Amomum Car
    juice of the aloe. Nat. Ord . Asphodeleæ, Ser. damomum .
    Syst. Hexandria Monogynia . ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis.
    The Suc'oTRINE ALOES, A. Succotori'na, ALSINE MEDIA , Morsus Galli'na , Ho
    Turkey aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, los'teum Alsine, Mouse-car, Chickweed , ( F )
    A. Zoctorinia, A. spica'ta , A. spica'tæ er- Mouron des Oiseaux, Morgeline. This plant,
    trac'tum , A. ertructum , An'ima Alöes, is the if boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach ,
    best species. Its odour is not unpleasant, taste and forms an excellent emollient poultice . It
    very bitter, and slightly aromatic ; colour red. was formerly regarded as a vulnerary and
    dish -brown, with a shade of purple ; mass hard , detergent .
    friable ; fracture conchoidal and glossy ; soluble ALTAFOR , Camphor.
    in dilute alcohol . Powder of a bright cinna. ALTERANS, Alterative.
    mon - yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm , and
    stimulating ; emmenagogue, anthelmintic , and ALTÉRANT, Alterative .
    stomachic . As a cathartic, it affects the rec- ALTERA'TION, Altera'tio , from alter,
    tum chiefly. Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to j other,' Alloio'sis .
    This word is used in
    in pill. France to express a morbid change which su
    ALOES HEPATICA, A. vulga'ris, A. Barba- pervenes in the expression of the countenance
    den'sis, Hepatic aloes, Bombay aloes , Barba- ( altération de la face), or in the structure of an
    does aloes, A. vulgaris extractum , ( F) Aloes organ ( altération organique), or in the nature
    en calébusses, A. des Barbadoes. This species of fluids excreted ( altération de l'urine, des
    has a very disagreeable odour, and an intensely larmes, du lait , & -c.)
    bitter and nauseous taste . Properties the same Alteration is also used in an entirely dif
    as the last. ferent sense, to express intense thirst in dis
    ALOES CABALLI'NA , A. Guinien'sis, Horse
    ease . In this case its etymology is different.
    aloes ; used chiefly for horses. It is collected It comes from haleter, and was forinerly written
    in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse. haletération
    AL/TERATIVE , Alterans, Alloiot'icus, a
    Aloes Wood , Agallochum . medicine considered to be capable of producing
    ALOET’IC, Aloet'icus. a salutaryanychange
    A preparation , which exciting sensible disease . but
    in aevacuation without
    . As Me.
    contains aloes.
    ALOGOTRO'PHIA , from 420gos, dispro- dicine improves, this uncertain class of re
    portionate,' and spoon, nutrition. ' Irregular medies becomes, of necessity , diminished in
    nutrition. Used particularly to designate the number,
    irregular manner in which the nutrition of ( F ) Altérant. (The French term likewise
    bones is operated in rickety individuals . means, that which causes thirst. Siticulo'sus,
    ALOPECES, Psoæ. Dipset'icus, as Altérer means both to change
    ALOPECIA , from adornt, ' a fox ;' (this and to cause thirst. S'altérer ,is, to experience
    animal being said to be subject to the affec- a change for the worse,--corrum'pi.)
    tion.) Capillo'rum deflu'rium , Athrir depi'lis, ALTERCANGENON , Hyoscyamus.
    Phalacro'tis, A'rea , Depila'tio, Tricho'sis Ath': ALTERCUM , Hyoseyamus.
    rir, Gangra'na Alopecia ; falling off of the ALTHÆ'A , from an ev, to heal ;' A. offi
    hair ; loss of the hair. When this is confined cina'lis, Malruris'cum , Aristalthaa, Hibis'cus,
    to the crown of the head , it is called calrities Ibis'cha mismalva , Bismal'ra, Mursh-mallow.
    ( q. v . ) , although the terms are often used sy- (F) Guimaure. Nat. Ord. Malvaceæ . Ser.
    nonymously Syst. Monodelphia Polyandria. The leaves
    ALOPECIA AREATA, Porrigo decalvans. and root contain much mucilage. They are
    ALOUCHE, Cratægus aria . emollient and demulcent, and are employed
    ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured wherever medicines, possessing such proper
    from the canella alba tree . ties , are required.
    y ALOUCHIER, Cratægus aria. ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment.
    ALPAM . A shrub which grows on the ALTHEUS, Physician.
    coast of Malabar. Certain parts of this, in- ALTHEXIS , Curation .
    fused in oil, form an antipsoric ointment. The ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina.
    juice of the leaves, mixed with that of the ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimatorium ;
    calamus, is employed against the bites of ser- a hollow sphere of stone , glass , or earthenware,
    pents. with a short neck projecting at each end , by
    ALPHENIC , Saccharum candidum , means of which one glass might be set upon
    ALPHITEDON , see Fracture. the other . The uppermost had no aperture at
    ALPHITON, 4X01TOY, Polen'ta , Fari'na. the top. Aludels were formerly used in the
    Any kind of meal. Toasted barley -meal.- sublimation of various substances.
    Hippocrates. Polenta means also a food com- ALUM , Symphytum - a. Egyptian , Ægyptia
    posed of Indian meal, cheese, &c . See Fa- stypteria - a. Root, Heuchera cortusa — a . So
    rina . lution of, compound, Liq . aluminis. compos.
    ALPHON'SIN , Alphonsi'num ; a kind of ALU'MEN , (an Arabic term , alum ) Alum ,
    bullet forceps, similar to a Porte- Crayon, so Hypersulphus Alu'mina et Potas'sa , Sulphas
    COMMON ALUM 35 AMASESIS

    Alumine Acid'ulus cum Potas sâ , Sulphas inembranes, situate between the teeth and
    Alu'mina , Sulphas Kalico-alumin'icum , Super- alveoli, and formed by a portion of the sac or
    sulphas alu'mina et potas'se , Argilla sulphu'- follicle which enclosed the tooth before it
    rica alcalisa'ta , A. vitriola'ta , Stypteria , Super- pierced the gum . By some this membrane
    sulphas Argillæ alcalisa'tum , Argilla Kali- hasbeen called the alveolo dental periosieum .
    sulphurica. ( F) Alun. ALVÉOLE , Alveolus.
    COMMON ALUM , English alum , Rock alum, ALVEOLO -LABIAL, Buccinator.
    Alu'men fucti'tium, Alu 'men commu'ne, A. ALVE'OLUS , same etymon .
    Botrion ,
    crystallinum , A. ru'peum , (F) Alun d'Angle- Bothrion, Frena, Moriariolum , Holmicos,
    terre, is the variety usually employed. It is in Prasepiolum , Phat'nion , Prasc'pium , Patne,
    octahedral crystals, but generally in large , Pathne. ( F ) Alréole. "The alveoli are the
    white , semitransparent masses ; has a sweetish, sockets of the teeth , into which they are, as it
    styptic taste ; effloresces in the air, and is solu- were, driven. Their size and shape are de.
    ble in 16 parts of water at 60 ° . It is tonic and termined by the teeth which they receive, and
    astringent, and as such is used internally and they are pierced , at the apex, by small holes,
    externally. Dose, gr. v. to xv. which give passage to the dental vessels and
    Roman ALUM , Alu 'men koma'num , A. nerves.
    Ru'tilum , A. Rubrum . ( F ) Alun de Rome. ALVEUS, Auge - a . Ampullosus, Recepta
    In crystals , which are of a pale red when culum chyli -- a. Ampullescens, thoracic duct
    broken, and covered with a reddish efflores- a. Communis : see Semicircular canals - a .
    cence . Utriculosus : see Semicircular canals .
    ROCHE Alum , Alu'men de Rochi, ( F ) Alun de ALVI EXCRETIO , Defecation - a. Fluxus
    Roche , so called from Roccha in Syria , where Aquosus, Diarrhæa - a. Profluvium , Diarrhæa .
    there was a manufactory. It is in pieces of the ALVIDUCUS, Laxative.
    size of an almond, covered with a reddish efflo . ALVINE . Alri'nus, from alrus, ' the abdo
    rescence . men .' That which relates to the lower belly ,
    COMMON Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis. as alrine dejections,alvine flur, & c.
    Fragments of common alum , moistened and ALVUS , Abdomen - a . Adstricta , Constipa
    shaken with prepared bole. It is white when tionALYC
    - a. Renum , Pelvis of the kidney.
    broken . E , Anxiety.
    ALU'MEN Exsiccatum , Alu'mon ustum , A. AL’YPON , from a privative, and run, pain , '
    calcina'tum , Sulphus alu'mina fusus, Argilla An acrid , purging plant, described by Matthio.
    sulphurica usta , Burntałum ,dried alum . (F) lus. By some it has been supposed to be the
    Alun calciné, (alum melted in an earthen vessel Globula'ria alypum of botanists.
    until ebullition ceases.). Escharotic. ALYSIS , Anxiety.
    ALUMEN CATINUM , Potash of commerce - a . ALYSMUS , Anxiety.
    Fixum : see Potash . - a. Kinosatum , Pulvis
    sulphatis alumine compositus. ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo.
    ALUMINA PURA , Argilla pura. ALZILAT. In some of the Arabian wri
    ALUMINÆ ET POTASSÆ HYPERSUL- ters, a weight of three grains -Ruland and
    PHAS, Alumen-a. et Potassæ supersulphas, Johnson .
    Alumen - a. sulphas, Alumen - a . Sulphas acid- AMADOU, Boletus igniarius .
    ulus cum potassà, Alumen - a. Sulphas fusus, ANADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius .
    Alumen exsiccatum . AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation .
    ALUMINE FACTICE, Argilla pura . AMANDES, Sec Amygdala.
    ALUN , Alumen . AMANITÆ from a priv. and paren, ' mad
    ALUNSEL , Gutta. ness :' i . e . not poisonous. A name given , by
    ALUS , Symphytum . the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham
    ALUSIA , Hallucination - a. Hypochondrias, pignons. Amanita forms, at the present day,
    a genus, some of which are edible , others
    Hypochondriasis.
    ALUTEL , Aludel. poisonous. Amongst others, it contains the
    Agaricus aurantiacus and A. pseudo-auran
    ALVAQUILLA , Psoralea glandulosa. tiacus.
    ALVEARIUM , Auditory canal , external . AMARA DULCIS , Solanum dulcamara .
    ALVE'OLAR. Alreola'ris, from alreus, ' a AMARACI'NUM , an ancient and esteemed
    cavity. ' ( F) Alvéolaire. That which relates plaster, containing several aromatics, the mar
    to the alveoli . joram , apagatos , in particular.
    The Alve'oLAR ARCHES . (F) Arcades al AMARACUS, Origanum majorana.
    réolaires, are formed by the margins of the AMARITIES, Bitterness.
    two jaws , which are hollowed by the Alveoli AMARITUDO , Bitterness .
    .v .) Alve'oLAR ARTERY, Supra-mar'illary
    ( qThé AMAROR , Bitterness.
    A. AMA'RUS, Picros, bitter. (F) Amèr. The
    ( Artère sus-marillaire) of Chaussier, arises bitter principle of vegetables is the great na
    from the internal maxillary, descends behind tural tonic , and hence bitters, as they are
    the tuberosity of the upper jaw, and gives termed collectively ,belong to the class of to
    branches to the upper molar teeth, gums , pe- nics. Several are used in medicine; the chief
    riosteum , membrane of the maxillary sinus,and are, gentian, quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog
    buccinator muscle. wood, & c .
    The ALVEOLAR VEIN has a similar distribu- AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from d , privative ,
    tion . and peagrois , 'mastication .' Mastication when
    The Alve'olar MEMBRANES , are very fine impeded or impracticable.
    AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM 36 AMENORRHEA

    AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM , Philter. cavity of the scapula, the acetabulum , & c.,
    AMATORIUS MUSCULUS , Obliquus su- have been so called .-- Galen .
    perior oculi. AM BOR , Arnbergris.
    AMAURO'SIS , Obfusca'tio, offusca'tio , AMBRA, Succinum - a. Ambrosiaca, Amber
    from ausugos, obscure .' Drop serene , Gutta gris - a . Cineracea, Ambergris.
    serena, Caturad'ta nigra , Parop'sis amauro'- AMBRAGRISEA , Ambergris.
    sis, Immobilitas pupil'la , Black cataract. AMBRE BLANC, Succinum (album) --a.
    (F) Goutle- sereine, Cataracte noire. Dimi- Jaune , Succinum .
    nution, or complete loss of sight, without any AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
    perceptible alteration in the organization of AMBRO'SIA , from a privative , and Bporos ,
    the eye ; generally, perhaps, owing to loss of mortal .' Food which makes immortal, or the
    power of the optic nerve or retina. Counter: food of immortals. The food of the gods.
    irritants are the most successful remedial Homer. See , also , Chenopodium Botrys .
    agents, although the disease is always very AMBRO'sia Marit'ima. A plant which grows
    difficult of removal, and generally totally in- on the shores of the Levant,and has a pleasant,
    curable . bitter, and aronjatic taste. It is given ,in infu
    AMBARUM ,Ambergris - a. Cineritium, Am- sion , as a tonic and antispasmodic .
    bergris. AMBROSIE DU MEXIQUE , Chenopodium
    AMBER, Succinum—a. Liquid : see Liquid. Ambrosioides.
    ambar styraciflua. AMBULANCE, (F) from ambula're, ' to
    AMBÉ, from au Bulva , ' I ascend ;' Ambi. walk . A military hospital attached to an

    A superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an army, and moving along with it. Also called
    old surgical machine for reducing dislocations Hôpital ambulant .
    of the shoulder ; the invention of which is as. AMBULANT, (F) Am'bulans, Ambulati'ous,
    cribed to Hippocrates . It is no longer used.- Ambulative. A morbid affection is said to be
    Hippocr., Scultetus. ambulante, when it leaves one part and goes to
    AM'BERGRIS . Ambra gri'sea, Ambor, another; as Erisypèles ambulants, & c . When
    Ambra cinera'cea , A. ambrosiaca, Am'barum , blisters are applied successively on different
    Suc'cinum cine'reum , S. gri'seum, Am'ba- parts of the body, they are called Vésicatoires
    rum cineri'tium . A concrete substance , of ambulants.
    the consistence of wax , cineritious colour, AMBULATIO , Walking.
    studded with yellow and blackish spots, and AMBULETA , Cichorium intybus.
    exhaling a very pleasant odour. It seems AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an
    highly probable that ambergris is formed in Indian aquatic herb, which appears to belong
    the intestines of the whale , and voided with to the family Lysimachia . The whole plant has
    its excrements . Like all aromatic substances , a sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter
    ambergris is slightly antispasmodic and exci. taste , and is an excellent febrifuge . It is also
    tant ; but it is oftener employed as a perfume taken in milk in cases of vertigo .
    than as a medicine . AM'BULO FLATULEN'TŪS ET FURIO.
    AMBIA . A liquid , yellow bitumen , the SUS. Flatus furiosus, Vare'ni. Painful, mo
    smell and virtues of which are similar to those bile , and periodical tumours affecting different
    of the resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a parts, which were once considered as the effect
    spring in India . of very subtile vapours.—Michaelis . Their na
    AMBIDEX "TER, Amphidex'ios, from ambo, ture is by no means clear.
    .
    ' both ,' and dexter, right.' One who uses both AMBÚSTIO , Burn
    hands with equal facility. Celsus says the AMBUTUA , Pareira brava .
    surgeon ought to be non minus sinistra quam AMBUYA -EMBO . A very beautiful, creep
    derirâ promptus. One of the aphorisms of ing Aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of
    Hippocrates
    dexter.
    says, that a woman is never ambi- which is exhibited successfully in obstructions.
    This is a mistake. It is also used in fumigation and in baths as a to
    AMBILÆVUS , Ampharisteros. nic .
    AMBLOMA , Abortion . ÂME, Anima .
    AMBLOSIS , Abortion . AM'ELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a
    AMBLOTHRIDION , Abortion . genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves
    AMBLOTICUS , Abortive . is said to relieve colic . Its roots, boiled in oil ,
    AMBLUS , ambaus , obscure. Hence . are used to repel tumours.
    AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia. AMENIA , Amenorrhea.
    AMBLYOPJA , from a pe Brus, obscure,' and AMENORRHE’A . Parame'nia obstructio '.
    wy, the eye. ' Amblyos'mus, Amblyogʻmos, nis, Menocryph'ia, Menosta'sia, Apophrar'is,
    Amplio'pea (so called by some, according to Arrhæ'a, Defectus men'sium , Menstrua'tio im
    Castelli, ob ignorantiam Grace linguæ ,) Hebe- pedi'ta, Ischome'nia, Ame'nia, from a privative ,
    tu'do visûs. Feebleness of sight. (F) Vué faible. Reno, ' month ,' and gsc, ' I flow . Suppression
    First degree of amaurosis.- Hippocr. of the menses. This suppression is most com
    AMBLYOPIA CREPUSCULARIS , Heineralopia— monly symptomatic, and hence the chief atten
    a. Dissitorum , Myopia —a. Meridiana, Nyctalo- tion must be paid to the cause . . Usually, there
    pin - a . Proximorum , Presbytia. is an atonic state of the system generally, or of
    AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia . the uterus in particular , and hence chalybeates
    AMBON , quéw , the raised rim of a shield and other tonics are advisable .
    or dish ,' from a jeBarve , ' I ascend. ' The fibro- Two great varieties of Amenorrhea are com
    cartilaginous rings or bourrelets, which sur- monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio
    round the articular cavities, as the glenoid men'sium , Menos'chesis, or retention of the men
    AMENORRHEA 37 AMMONIA

    ses, when the menses do notappear atthe usual | nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a white
    age: and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium , Amenorrhæ'a emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar, par
    Suppressio'nis, Interrup'tio menstruationis, in tially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
    which the catamenia are obstructed in their alcalies.
    regular periods of recurrence . See Emansio Gum Ammoniacum is expectorant , deobstru
    Mensium , and Menses . ent ( ) antispasmodic, discutient , and resolvent.
    AMENORRHEA Difficilis, Dysmenorrhæa. It is chiefly , however, used in the first capacity ,
    AMENTIA, Dementia. See, also , Fatuitas, and in the formation of certain plasters .
    and Idiotiem . Two varieties are met with in the market, the
    AMÈR , Amarus. Guttæ ammoni'aci , the best; and the Lapis am
    AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM , Solanum moni'aci, the more impure .
    tuberosum , AMMONIACÆ NITRAS, Ammoniæ nitras
    AMERTUME , Bitterness. -a. Sulphas, Ammoniæ sulphas.
    AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus, from a priv . AMMONIACUM , Ammonia - a. Succina
    uitue, ' I am drunk .' À precious stone, to tum , Spiritus ammoniæ fætidus-a. Volatile
    which the ancients attributed the property of mite , Ammoniæ carbonas.
    preventing drunkenness . It was also used as AMMONIÆ ACETAS, Liquor ammoniæ
    an anti -diarrhæic and absorbent.-- Pliny, Al acetatis .
    bertus Magnus . AMMONIÆ CAR'BONAS . A. Subcar'bonas, Salt
    AMETRIA , Intemperance. of bones , Sal Os'sium , Salt of wood-soot , Sal Fu
    AMICULUM , Ainios. lig'inis, Salt of urine, Volatile Sal Ammoniac,
    AMIDUM , Amylum . Buker's salt , Alcali volat'ite aëra'tum , A. vo
    AMINÆA, Anime. latile ammoniacd'le, A. volatile ex sale ammo
    AMINÆ'UM VINUM , Aminean wine, high- ni'aco , Ammoni'avui dular'ile mile , Ammo'nium
    ly esteemed asa stomachic. Virgil distinguishes carbon'icum , A. subcarboʻncum, Car'bonas am
    it from the Falernian .--- Pliny, Macrobius, & c . mo'niæ alkali'nus seu incompletus seu super
    AMMA , Truss . ammoni'acus, Hypocar'bonas ammonia , Flores
    AMMI,Ammimajus, Bishop's weed, A. Vul- salisammoniaci,Salcornucervivolar'ile, Sal
    ga're. The seeds of this plant are aromatic and volatilis salis ammoni'aci, Concrete volatile al
    pungent. They are said to be carminative and kali, Carbonate or subcarbonate of ammonia ,
    diuretic, and are tonic and stomachic . Ammo'nia præpara'ta , Sal volat'ile, Smelling
    AMMI VERUM, see Sison Ammi — a. des Bou- salt.
    tiques, see Sison ammi. (F) Carbonated'ammoniaque, Sel volatil
    d'Angleterre. A white , striated , crystalline
    AMMION , Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. mass: odour and taste pungent and ammonia
    AMMOCHOʻSIA, from a reos, sand ,' and cal : soluble in two parts of water: insoluble in
    X** , ' I pour.' Arena'tio. Putting the human alcohol: effloresces in the air. It is stimulant,
    body in hot sand , for the cure of disease . antacid , diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose ,
    AMMOʻNIA , Ammonia or Ammoni'acal gas , gr. v to xv .
    Volatile al'kali, Alcali ammoni'acum caus'ticum , AMMONIÆ ET FERRI Murias, Ferrum ammo
    A. volat'ile causticum , Ammonia caus'tica, A. niatum .- a .Hydrosulphuretum , Liquor fumans
    pura , Ammoni'acum , A. caus'ticum , ( F) Ammo- Boylii.-a . Hypocarbonas, Aimoniæ Carbonas.
    niaque, Air alcalin , Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali AMMO'NIÆ MU'Rias, Muriate of Ammonia ,
    so called, because obtained principally by de- Hydroch'lorate of Ammonia , Sal Ammoni'acum ,
    composing salammoniac (muriate of ammonia) Sal Ammo'niac, S.Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Mu
    by lime. This gas is colourless, transparent, riatica , Ammo'nium Muria'tum , Hydroch'loras
    elastic, of a pungent, characteristic odour, and Ammo'niæ , Sal Armoni'acum , Salmiac, Fuli'go
    an acrid urinous taste. It turns the syrup of Alba Philosopho'rum , ( F) Muriate d'Ammoni
    violets green, and its specific gravity iš 0.596 . aque . A saline concrete, formed by the com.
    When inhaled, largely diluted with common bination of the muriatic acid with ammonia.
    air, it is a powerful irritant. When unmixed , In Egypt it is manufactured in large quantities
    it instantly induces suffocation . by subliming the soot formed by burning ca.
    AmmoNiA, ACETATE, SOLUTION OF,Liquor am- mels' dung — 26 pounds of the soot yielding 6
    moniæ acetatis — a. Caustica liquida, Liquor am- pounds. It is also prepared , in great quanti
    moniæ-a. Hydriodate of, see lodine -- a. Hy- ties, by adding sulphuric acid to the volatile
    drochlorate of, Ammoniæ murias — a. Hydrosul. alkali obtained from soot, bones, &c. , mixing
    phuret of, Ammoniæ sulphuretum - a. lodide this with common salt, and subliming.
    of, see lodine - a. Lininent of, strong, Lini- Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
    mentum ammoniæ fortius — a. Liquid , Liquor acrid , pungent, bitterish , and urinous taste .
    ammoniæ-a. Muriatica , Ammoniæ murias — a . Three parts of cold water dissolve one . Solu
    Nitrata , Ammoniæ nitrasma. Præparata , Am- ble also in 4.5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient
    moniæ carbonas -- a. Pura liquida, Liquor am- and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ex
    moniæ-a. Solution of, Liquor ammoniæ - a. ternally, it is employed , producing cold during
    Tartrate of, Ammoniæ tartras . its solution , in inflammations , & c .
    AMMONIAC, GUM , Gum'mi Ammoni'- AMMO'NIÆ NITRAS , Nitrate of Ammonia , Al
    acum , (F) Ammoniac, Gonme ammoniaque, so kali volat'ile nitia'tum , Sal ammoni'acus nitro'
    called from Ammonia in Libya, whence it is sus , Ammo'nia nitra'ta , Nitras ammoni'ace, Ni
    brought.
    racleum orA gum
    Bubon-resin, obtained from
    gummif'erum the He-, trum
    of Barbary flammans.of(nitric
    salt composed F) Nitrate
    acid d'Ammoniaque
    and ammonia.. A
    It
    Abyssinia, & c . It is in irregular, dry masses is diuretic and deobstruent. (?) Externally , it is
    and tears, yellow externally, whitish within. discutient and sialagogue.
    Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrateful: taste AMMO'NIÆ SULPHAS, Sulphate of Ammonia ,
    AMMONIE 38 AMPELOS

    Sulphas ammoni'ace , Ammonium sulphu'ricum , adevos, í a sheep . ' It is thin , transparent, per
    Al'kuli volatile vitriola'tum , Sul Ammoni'acum spirable, and possesses many delicate, colour
    sccretum GLAUBERI, Sal secre'tus GLAUBERI, less vessels , which have not been injected. It
    Vitriolum ammniaoca'le, (F ), Sulfate d'Ammo- sends a prolongation, which serves as a sheath
    niaque. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to the umbilical cord. Its external surface is
    to sal aminoniac or to ammoniacal liquor . Its feebly united to the chorion by cellular and
    properties are like those of the muriate of am- vascular filaments. Its inner surface is po
    monia . lished , and is in contact with the body of the
    A MMO'NIÆ SULPHURE'TUM , Sulphuret of Am- fætus and the liquor amnii, (q. v.)
    mo'nia, Hydrosulphuret of Ammoniu, liydro- AMNIOTIC ACID , Ad'idum Am'nicum vel
    sulphus Aimo'nie , Spir'ilus Begui'ni, Sp. fu- amnioticum . A peculiar acid , found , by Vau
    muns Begui'ni , Sulphure'tuin ammoni'ace , Sp. quelin and Buniva, in the liquor amniiofthe cow.
    salis ammoni'aci sulphura'lus, Liquor ammo'nii AMNI'TIS or AMNIITIS, from Amnion
    hydrothiodis, Hydrosulphure'ium Ammon'icum , and itis, Inflammation . Inflammation of the
    Hydrarg. ammoniaca'le aquo'sum , Hydrog " eno- Amnion .
    sulphure'tum ummoni'ace liquidum , Spiritus AMOMUM CARDAMOMUM , A. racemo'
    sulphuris volut'ilis, Hopar sulphuris rolatile, sum, A. verum , Alpin'ia cardamomum , Curo'pi,
    Boyle's or BEGUINE's fuming spirit. ( F ) Hy- Mato'nia Cardamomum , Eletta'ria Cardamo'
    drosulfate sulfuré d'Ammoniaque, Liqueur fu- mum , Cardamo'mum Minus, Lesser or officinal
    mante de Boyle. Sulfure hydrogené d'Ammo- Car'damom ,Amo'mum repens. ( F) Cardamome
    ninque. Hydrosulfure d'Ammoniaque. Odour de la Côte de Malabar, Curdamomé. The seeds
    very fætid ; taste nauseous and styptic; colour of this East India plant have an agreeable ,
    dark yellowish green . It is reputed to be se . aromatic odour ; and a pungent, grateful taste .
    dative, nauseating , emetic, disoxygenizing,(?). They are carminative and stomachic: but are
    and has been given in diabetes and diseases of chiefly used to give warmth to other remedies.
    increased excitement. Dose , glt.viij to gtt. xx . The
    Alkali rolat ile turtari-
    fruit is called Amomis. Dose, gr. v. to 3j .
    AMMONIÆ TARTRAS, AMOMUM GALANGA, Maranta G.
    za'tum , Sal ammoni'acum tarta'reum , Tartarus A MOMUM GRANUM Paradi'si, Cardamomum
    ammonia , Tartrate of Ammo'niu , (F ) Tartrate majus, Meleguei'ta, Maniguet'ta, Cardamomum
    d'Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric pipera'tum ,A. maz'inum , (F) Graines de Pre
    acid and ammonia . It is diaphoretic and diu- rudis. Greater cardamom seeds resemble the
    retic ; but not much used . last in properties. They are extremely hot, and
    AMMONIAQUE , Ammonia — a . Hydrosul. are not much used .
    fure d ' , Ammoniæ sulphuretom - a. Hydrosul- AMOMUM PIMENTA : see Myrtus pimenta - a .
    fate sulfuré d' , Aminoniæ sulphuretum - u. Li, Zedoaria, Kæmpferia rotunda.
    quide, Liquor ammonia - a. Suljure hydrogéné AMOMUM ZINGIBER, Zin'yiber officina'le, Zin'
    d' , Ammoniæ sulphuretuin . giber album , Z.nigrum , 2. commu'ne, Zin'ziber ,
    AMMONIO -CU PRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Ginger, (F ) Gingembre. The white and black
    Cuprum aminoniatum . ginger, Zin'ziber fuscum and album , are the
    AMMONION , from a p.pos, sand .' An an- produce of the same plant, the difference de
    cient collyrium of great virtues in many dis- pending upon the mode of preparing them .
    eases of the eye , and which was said to reinove The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm ,
    sand from that organ . aromatic , and acrid. It yields its virtues to
    AMMONIUM ARSENICUM , Arseniate of alcohol, and in a great degree to water . It is
    ammonia - a . Carbonicum, Ammoniæ carbo- carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
    nas -- a . Iodide of, see lodine - a . Muriaticum The Preserved Ginger, Zingil'eris Radix
    martiatum seu martiale, Ferrum ammoniatum Condi'ta, Radir Zingiberis condi'ta er India
    -a. Muriatum , Ammoniw murias - a. Sub alla'ta is a condiment, which possesses all the
    carboneum , Ammoniæ carbonas - a . Sulphuri- virtues of ginger.
    cum , Ammoniæ sulphas. GINGER -BEER Powders may be formed of
    AMNA ALCALIZATA , Water, mineral sa- white sugar , 3j and Jij . zingib . gr. v , sodæ sub
    line . carb . gr. xxxvj in each blue paper: acid of
    AMNE'SIA , Amnes'tia, from z priv. and tartar, Əiss in each white paper, —for half a
    urnois, 'memory.' Moria imbec''ilis amne'sia, pint of water.
    Oblidio, Recollectio'nis jactu'ra, Dysæsthesia in- Oxley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica
    terna , Debilitas memo'riæ, memo'ria dele'ta, ( F ) Ginger is a mere solution of ginger in rectificd
    Perte de Mémoire, · loss of memory .' By some spirit,
    Nosologists, Amnesia constitutes a genus of AMOR, Love.
    diseases . By most it is considered only as a AMORGE . Amurca .
    symptom , which may occur in many diseases. AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
    AMNESTIA , Amnesia . AMOUR , Love.
    AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum . AMOUREUX (muscle,) Obliquus superior
    AMNIOCLEPSIS , from Amnion, and x267- oculi.
    TW, ' I steal or take away clandestinely.' Pre- AMPAC , Ampacus ; an East India tree , the
    mature escape of the liquor amnii. leaves of which have a strong odour, and are
    AM'STOS, Am 'nion , Am'nium , Charta vir- used in baths as detergents . A very odoriferous
    gin'ea , Armatu'ra, Agni'na membra'na, Pellu'ci- resin is obtained from it.
    da membra'na, Galea, Indu'sium , Amiculum , AMPAR , Succinum .
    Membra'na fætum inrolcens. The innermost AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
    of the enveloping membranes of the fætus. So AMPELOPRASUM , Allium .
    called because first observed in the sheep . (?) AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera-a. Agria , Bryonia
    AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA 39 AMYLUM

    alba_a. Idæa, Vaccinium vitis idæa-a. Oino- dans la contiguité des membres, is when the
    phoros, Vitis vinifera. limb is removed at an articulation .
    AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. Each amputation requires a different process ,
    AMPHARISTEROS, Ambila'rus, awkward, which isdescribed in works on operative surgery .
    from a jeon, and depos tipos, ' the left;' opposed to AMULETTE , Amuletum .
    ambidexter . AMULETUM , from Amoli'ri, to remove .'
    AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian . An Amulet , -- Periam'ma, Apotropa'um , Periap'
    AMPHI, apor, " both , around , on all sides.'ton, Phylacte'rion , Apoteles'ma, Ecarte'ma,
    Hence . Alexica'cum , ( F) Amulette. Any image or sub
    AMPHIAM , Opium . stance worn about the person for the purpose
    AMPHIARTHROʻSIS, from a pepe, both ,' of preventing disease or danger.
    and apogusis, articulation .' A mixed articu- AMURCA, doggn. The marc or grounds
    lation, in which the corresponding surfaces of remaining after olives have been crushed and
    bones are united in an intimate manner by an deprived of their oil. It has been used as an
    intermediate body, which allows, however, of application to ulcers.
    some slight motion . Such is the junction of AMUSA , Musa Paradisiaca.
    the bodies of the vertebræ by means of the in- AMYCHE, Excoriation , Scarification .
    tervertebral cartilages. This articulation has AMYC'TICA , from duursw , ' I lacerate . '
    also been called Diarthrose de Continuité , The Medicines, which stimulate and vellicate the
    motion it permits is but slight. skin . - Cælius Aurelianus.
    AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular. AMYDRIASIS , Mydriasis.
    AMPHIBRAN CHIA , from apoi, aronnd ,' AMYELIA , from a privative , and u06205 ,
    and ks 12,414, neighbouring
    the throat.' Amphibron'chia. “ marrow .' A monstrous formation , in which
    The tonsils and parts.—Hippoc. there is an absence of spinal marrow .
    AMPHICAUSTIS , Vulva . AMYG'DALA , same etymon as Amyctica ;
    AMPHIDEXIOS , Ambidexter. because there seem to be fissures on the shell.
    AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from aporabout,'| The almond, of which there are two kinds; the
    and forgetowolr, ' a movable joint.' A name Amyg'dala ama'ræ and A. dulces, ( F) Aman
    given by Winslow to the temporo -maxillary ar- des douces, A. amères, obtained from two va
    ticulation , because ,according to that anatomist,rieties of the Amygdalus commu'nis; or A.
    it partakesboth of ginglymus and arthrodia . sati'va, a native of Barbary. Nat. Ord . Amyg
    AMPHION , Maslach . daleæ . Sex . Syst. Icosandria Monogynia .
    AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian . The taste of the Amig'dala dulcis is soft and
    AMPHIPLEX, Perineum . sweet ; that of the A. amara, bitter. Botlı yield,
    AMPHISMELA , Knife, double - edged . by expression , a sweet, bland oil.
    The bitter
    AMPHISMILE , Knife , double -edged . almond contains Prussic acid . They are chiefly
    AMPHISPHAL/ SIS, Circumactio , Circum- used for forming emulsions.
    ductio, from a leos , " around , ' and 20412w , ‘ I ALMOND CAKE, Amygdala Placenta , is the
    wander . ' The movement of circumduction cake left after the expression of the oil . The
    used in reducing luxations . - Hippoc. ground Almond Cake , Almond Powder, Fari'na
    AMPHRODIPLOPIA , Diplopia. Amygdala'rum , is used instead of soap for
    AM'PHORA, per syncop. for ape014ogous, washing the hands.
    from a pov, “on both sides , ' and organ, • I bear : ' Almond PASTE , a cosmetic for softening the
    because it had two handles. A liquidmeasure skin and preventing chaps, is made of bitter al
    among the ancients ,containing above 7 gallons. monds, blanched , 5 iv , white of one egg ; rose
    Also called Quadrantul, Cera'mium , Cerain'- water, and rectified spirit, equal parts, or as
    nium , Cadus. much as is sufficient .
    AMPHORIC RESPIRATION . See Caver- AMYGDALA, Tonsil.
    nous Respiration . AMYGDALE , Tonsil.
    AMPLEXATIO , Coition . AMYGDALA PLACENTA.See Amygdala.
    AMPLIOPEA , Amblyopia. AMYGDALATUM , Emulsio Amygdale .
    AM POSIS , Anaposis. AMYGDALITIS , Cynanche tonsillaris.
    AMPOULES, Essera. AMYG DALUS PER’SICA. The common
    AMPULLA , Cavitas elliptica—a. Chylifera peach -tree, ( F ) Pêches. The leaves and flowers
    seu chyli, Receptaculum chyli . have been considered laxative . They are bit
    AMPULLÆ , Phlyctæna . ter and aromatic , and have been given in hæ
    AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from ampu- maturia, nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of
    ta're, to cut off .' Apotomē, Apotom'ia. The the pleasant and wholesome summer fruits,
    operation of separating, by means of a cutting when ripe. The kernels , Amyg'dalo. Per'sicæ ,
    instrument, a limb or a part of a limb , or a pro- contain prussic acid , as well as the flowers.
    jecting part , as the mamma, penis, & c., from Peach BRANDY is distilled from the fruit,
    the rest of the body . In the case of a tumour, and is much used in the United States.
    the term excision , remoral, or extirpation, ( F ) AMYGDALUS. See Amygdala.
    Resection , is more commonly used . AMYG MOS , Scarification .
    Circular AMPUTATion is that in which the AMYLEON , Amylum .
    integuments and muscles are divided circularly. AM’YLUM , Am idum , Fec'ula, Amyleon ,
    The Flap AMPUTATION , ( F) A. à lambeaux, Amyl'ion , from a priv. , and neura , a mill,' be
    is when one or two flaps are left so as to cover cause made without a mill. Starch. ( F) Ami
    the stump , when the limb has been removed . don , Amydon. The Starch of Wheat, Fari'na,
    JOINT AM "ATION , ( F) A. dans l'article ou Tritici fari'na , Fec'ula amyla'cea , is inodorous
    AMYON 40 ANÆSTHESIA

    and insipid , white and friable. It is insoluble ANABRONCHISMUS , Anabrochismus .


    in cold water and alcohol ; but forins with ANABROSIS , Corrosion , Erosion.
    boiling water a strong, semi-transparent jelly . ANACAMPSEROS , Sedum telephium .
    It is demulcent , and is used as an emollient ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTALE , Cas
    glyster , and as the vehicle for opium , when su'vium pomif'erum , (F ) Acajou, Cashew (W.
    given per anum . Starch is met with abundantly Indies. ) Nat. Ord . Terebinthaceæ , Ser . Syst.
    in all the cereal grains, in the stalks of many of Enneandria Monogynia . The Oilof the Cashew
    the palms, in some lichens, and in many tube Nut , O'leum Anacardii, ( F) Huile d'Acajou , is
    rous roots, particularly in the bulbs of the orchis.an active caustic, and used as such in the coun
    AMYLUM IODATUM . See lodine . tries where it grows, especially for destroying
    A'MYON , from a priv .and Muar , ' a muscle . ' warts, &c.
    Emuscula'tus, without muscle. Applied to the ANACARDIUM ORIENTALE , Avicennia tomen
    limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles tosa.
    cannot be distinguished. ANACATHAR'SIS , from ara , upwards,
    AMYOSIS, Synezizis. and xa fulgelv, ' to purge . ' Purgation upwards .
    AM’YRIS ELEMIF'ERA, (F) Balsamier Expectoration. (q. v.) See,also , Repurgatio.
    Elémifère. Nat. Ord. Terebinthacex , Sex . Syst . ANACATHARSIS CATARRHALIS SIMPLEX, Ca
    Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence, it tarrh .
    is supposed, the GUM EL'EMI is obtained . This ANACATHARTICUS , Expectorant .
    gum or resin is brought from the Spanish West ANACHREMPSIS , Expuition .
    Indies . It is softish , transparent, of a pale whi ANACHRON , Soda .
    tish colour , inclining a little to green, and of a ANACLASIS , Repercussion.
    strong, though not unpleasant smell . It is only ANACLINTE'RIUM , Recubito'rium , from
    used in ointments and plasters, and is a digestive. avexatyw , ' I recline . ' A long chair or seat, so
    AM’yris OPOBAL'SAMUM , ( F) Balsamier de formed, that the person can rest in a reclining
    la Mecque , Bal'sem , Balsamum . The plant posture .
    from which is obtained the BALSAM OF MECCA , ANACOLLE'MA , from and, together,' and
    Bal'samum genui'num antiquo'rum , Balsame- xon246 , ' I glue.' A healing medicine.
    la'on , Ægyptiacum Bul'sumum , Balsamum ANACOLLEMATA , Frontal bandages.
    Asiaticum, B. Juda'icum , B. Syriacum , B. e ANACOLUP'PA , a creeping plant of Mala
    Meccâ, Coccobal'samum , B. Alpi'ni , Oleum Bal- bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered
    sami, Opobalsamum , Xylobalsamum , Balsam pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy,
    or Balm of Gilead . ( F) Baume blanc, B. de and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja.
    Constantinople blanc, B. de Galaad , B. du It is supposed to be the Zapania Nodiflora,
    Grand Caire, B. Vrai, Térébinthine de Giléad, ANACOMIDE, Restauratio .
    T. d'Egypte, T. du Grand Kaire, T. de Judée. ANACONCHYLISMOS , Gargarism.
    A resinous juice obtained by making incisions ANACTESIS , Restauratio.
    into the Amyris Gileadensis of Linnæus. The ANACTIRION , Artemisia .
    juice of the fruit is called Carpobalsamum ; ANACYCLEON , Charlatan .
    that of the wood and branches Xylobalsamum . ANADESMUS, Fascia.
    It has the general properties of the milder Tere- ANADIPLO'SIS, from ara , again ,' and
    binthinates. doznow , I double .' Epanadiplo'sis, Epana
    AMYRON , Carthamus tinctorius. lep'sis, Reduplica'tio. The redoubling which
    AMYXIS , Scarification . occurs in a paroxysm of an intermittent, when
    ANA , ard , a word which signifies of each .' its type is double . - Galen, Alexander of Tralles.
    It is used in prescriptions as well as ā and aa , ANADORA , Ecdora.
    its abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it ANAD'OSIS , from avadedour, ' I distribute.'
    means in ,' through ,' upwards,' above,' in Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Anadosis
    opposition to Cata, ( q. v .) ; also repetition ,' seems also to have meant,occasionally, chylifi
    like the English re. Hence, cation , whilst diadosis meant capillary nutri
    ANAB'ASIS, from araßtive , 'I ascend .' The tion .-- Hippocr., Galen .
    first period of a disease , or that, of increase.— ANAL'ROME , from art, ( upwards,' and
    Galen. See Augmentation . Searce, I run .' The transport of a humour or
    ANABEXIS , Expectoration. pain from a lower to an upper part . - Hippocr.
    ANABLEP'SIS , from arce , again ,' and ANÆMASIS, Anæmia .
    @ro76 , ' I see . ' Restoration to sight. ANEMATOPOE'SIS , from d, av, privative,
    ANABOLÆ'ON , Anaboleus, from draße27w , t'iu d, blood , ' and 70610 , ' I make .' Impeded or
    " I cast up . ' An ointment for extracting darts obstructed hæmatosis.
    or other extraneous bodies . ANÆMIA , Anamasis, Anaha mia , Polyan
    ANA B'OLE, from art, 6 upwards , and ha'mia, Anamo'sis, Oliga'mia, Ane'mia, artha
    Benna , ' I cast. Anagoge, Anapl'ora . An ure, from a priv . and cibler, ' blood . ' Privation
    evacuation upwards. An act by which certain of blood. The opposite to plethora ( q. v . ) It
    matters are rejected by the mouth. In common is characterized by every sign of debility. Also,
    acceptation it includes, Ea puition ,expectoration , diminished quantity of Auids in the capillary
    regurgitation, and vomiting. vessels : - the opposite to Hyperæmia . – Andral.
    ANABROCHIS'MUS ,Anabronchismus ,from ANÆMOSIS , Anæmia .
    ard , ' with,'and 28805,' a running knot. An ANÆSTHESIA , Insensibilitas, Anaph'ia ,
    operation for removing the eye-lashes when Anhaph'ia, Analge'sia, from a priv . and dich
    they irritate the eye, by means of a hair knotted vopeal, ' I feel.' Privation of sensation, and es
    around them . - Hippocr., Galen, Celsus, &c. pecially of that of touch , according to some. It
    ANÆSTHISIA 41 ANASTASIS

    may be general or partial, and is almost always tite. Sometimes used for Impotence and Steri
    symptomatic. lity.
    ANÆSTHISIA , Insensibility : ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum.
    ANAGAL/LIS, from ara and games, milk, ' ANAP'LASIS, from arat Loow , I restore .'
    from its power of coagulating milk. A. Phe. Confirmatio. Union or consolidation of a frac.
    nic''ea , Red Pimpernel. Nal. Ord . Primula . tured bone .-- Hippocr.
    ceæ . Sez. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F) ANAPLERO'SIS , from aretingow , ' I fill up .'
    Mouron rouge. A common European plant; Repletion. That part of Surgical Therapeutics
    a reputed antispasmodic and stomachic. whose object is to supply parts that are wanting .
    ANAGALLIS AQUATICA, Veronica Becca- Also , Apposition or Pros'thesis, a goofiris.
    bunga. ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
    ANAGARGALICTA , Gargarism .
    ANAGARGARISTON , Gargarism . ANAPLEU'SIS , Fluctua'tio , Innata'tio, from
    ANAGLYPHIE , Calamus scriptorius. AVATTA EIV , " to swiin above. The looseness or
    shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of a carious
    ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection .
    ANAGRAPHE , Prescription . or other tooth, & c. - Hippocr., Paulus.
    ANAPNEUSIS , Respiration.
    ANAG’YRIS, Ac'opon , Anagʻyris fætida, ANAP'OSIS, Amposis, from ara , again , and
    Stinking Bean Trefoil. Native of Italy : The 1001S, drink .' A recession of humours from
    leaves are powerfu lly purgativ e. The juice is the circumf erence to the centre of the body.
    said to be diuretic , and the seeds emetic.- Hippocr.
    Dioscorides, Paulus. ANAPSE , Auante.
    ANAL, Ana'lis. That which refers to the ANAPSIA , Cæcitas.
    anus ;-as Anal
    ANALE
    region , & c. ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration .
    MSIA , Analepsia . ANARRHEGNU’MINA, from
    ANALENTIA , Analepsia. аузеем ? vvдаг,,
    I break out again .' Fractures are so called
    ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia, Ana- when they become disunited ; as well as ulcers
    lem'sia , from anx , afresh ,' and add Barev, to when they break out afresh.
    take.' Restoration to strength after disease. ANARKHI'NON , from ova, ' upwards ,' and
    Galen. A kind of sympathetic epilepsy , origi- grv, ' the nose.' That which returns by the
    nating from gastric disorder . See Epilepsy . nose.-Gorræus.
    Also, the support given to a fractured extre- According to others , that which issues by the
    mity . Appensio. - Hippocr. skin , from ara , and piros, ' the skin .'
    ANALEPSIS , Restauratio .
    ANAR
    avt, 'RHEA Anarrho
    , ,'and , Anas'tas
    gee ,'I'piaflow.
    ANALEP'TICA , same etymon ; Analep'tics. from upwards
    Restorative medicines or food ; such as are fluid towards the upper parts of the body.
    'Affluxis,
    of
    adapted to recruit the strength during con- ANARRHOPIA , Anarrhæa.
    valescence :-as sago, salep , tapioca , jelly, ANAR'THROS, avagypos, from a priv. and
    & c.
    James's Analeptic Pills consist of James's ietsov, a joint.' 'One who is so fat, thathis
    perceptible. Hippocrates.
    Powder, Gum Ammoniacum , and Pill of Aloës joints are scarcely
    ANASAR'CA , from arck , '- through ,' and
    Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Cas. Jagě, the Aesh.'
    andsufficient Anasarch'a, Aqua inter
    tor to form a mass.
    ANALGE'SIA from angosepain .' cutem , Hyposar'ca, Hydrops cellula'ris totius
    cor'poris,
    Absence of pain, both apriv.and General, Hydrosar'ca
    in health and disease . cid'ium , Hyderos dropsy, Katas
    , ar'ca , Episa
    Sarci'tes , Polyr
    See Anästhesia .
    ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. lymºphia , Hyposarcid'ios, Leucophlegma'tia,
    ANALOSIS , Atrophy. Dropsy of the cellular membrane. (F) Ana
    ANALTESIS , Restauratio . sarque. Commonly , it begins to manifest itself
    ANAMNESTIC , from ara, again , ' and by swelling
    terized around the of
    by tumefaction ancles: and and
    the limbs is charac
    of the
    personeel, ' I remember . A medicine for im- soft parts covering the abdomen, thorax, and
    proving
    tive.
    the memory. See, also, Commemora- even the face ,with paleness and dryness of the
    ANANAS , Bromelia ananas - a. Acosta ova- skin , and pitting
    the ancles) when any
    are pressed uponof. these
    Like(especially
    dropsy in
    tæ , & c., Bromelia ananas — a. Americana , Bro general , Anasarca may be active or passive ;
    melia pinguin - a. wild, broad-leaved, Bromelia and its treatment must be regulated by the
    pinguin .
    ANANAZIP'TA, a word formerly scrawled rules s. applicable to general dropsy .
    that are
    See Hydrop
    on amulets to charm
    away disease . ANASARCA
    ANAPETIA , Expan' sio mea'tuum , from ara , Serosa , Phlegmatia dolens. Anathymiasis - a.
    Hystericum,
    and Titaw , ' I dilate .' A state opposite to the ANASARCHA , Anasarca.
    closure of vessels . - Galen . ANASARQUE , Anasarca .
    ANAPHALANTIASIS , from ara en av TINS, ANASPADIÆ'US , Anaspadias , from are,
    .bald.' Loss of the hair of the eyebrows. Also, upwards,' and onde, ' 1 draw. ' One whose
    baldness general
    in .
    ANAPHIĂ , see Anesthesia . urethra opens on the upper surface of the
    ANAPHONE'SIS, from aro ,' high , ' and perit, penis.
    ANAS'PASIS , from arust 16 , ' I contract. '
    the voice. ' Exercise of the voice : vociferation : Contraction , Retractio, especially of the sto
    -the act of crying out. Vocifera'tio, Clamor. mach .- Hippocrates.
    ANAPHORA, Ănabole. ANASS , Bromelia ananas.
    ANAPHRODISIA , from a priv. and Aogo- ANASTA
    ALTIC A , Styptics.
    Satu, ' Venus. ' Absence of the venereal appe- ANASTASIS , Anarrhæa .
    6
    ANASTECHEIOSIS 42 ANCOLIE

    ANASTECHEIO'SIS, from ara, again ,' | being formed of the same tissues , they have been
    and o Toyslov, element.' Re-elementa'tio . Re- grouped into Systems or Genera of Organs;
    solution of a body or its parts into their ele- and the study of, or acquaintance with , such
    ments . - Galen . systems, has been called Gen'eral Anatomy,
    ANASTOMO'SIS , from are , with ,' and Histology, or Morphot'omy, whilst the study of
    O topt, ' a mouth . ' Inoscula'tio , Eranastomo'- each organ , in particular, has been ternied De
    sis, Concur'sus. (F) Abouchement. Commu- scriptive Anat'omy. Descriptive Anatomy has
    nication between two vessels. By considering been divided into Skeletoľogy, which comprises
    the nerves to be channels, in which a nervous Osteology and Syndesmology ; and into Sarcol .
    fluid circulates, their communication has like. ogy, which is subdivided into Myology, Neu
    wise been called Anastomosis . By means of rology, Angiol'ogy, Adenology , Splanchnol
    anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested ogy,and Dermology. Surgical Anatomy, Me
    in one vessel, it can proceed along others. dico- Chirurgical Anatomy, ( F.) Anatomie chi
    ANASTOMOSIS, Jacobson's, see Petrosal gan - rurgicale, A. des Régions, Topograph'ical Anat
    glion . omy, Regional (!) Anatomy, is the particular
    ANASTOMOTICS , Anastomot'ica . Cer- study of the bones, muscles, nerves, vessels ,
    tain medicines were so called , which were & c., with which it is indispensable to be ac
    formerly believed to be capable of opening the quainted before performing operations. Com
    mouths ofvessels :-as aperients, diuretics, & c par'ative Anat'omy is the comparative study of
    ANASTOMOTICUS MAGNUS, RA- each organ , with a view to an acquaintance 1
    MUS, ( F) Artère collaterale interne, A. colla- with the modifications of its structure in diffe
    térale du coude, is a branch of the brachial ar- rent animals or in the different classes of ani
    tery which comes off a little above the elbow , mals. Transcendental or Philosophical Ana .
    and bestows branches to the brachialis internus, tomy inquires into the mode , plan, or model
    to the under edge of the triceps , and to the mus- upon which the animal frame or organs are
    cles , ligaments, &c . about the elbow-joint. formed ; and Artific'ial Anatomy is the art of
    ANĀTASIS , Extension. modelling and representing, in wax or other
    ANATHYMIASIS, from ara , upwards, substance, the different organs or different parts
    and guns, ' fumigation .' (Ede'ma fugar ,ade ' of the human body,in the sound or diseased state.
    ma spas'ticum , æde'ma hyster'icum , Anasar'ca ANATOMY , practical , see Dissection .
    hyster'icum . An uncertain and transient swell ANATON , Soda .
    ing, said to have been at times observed in ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
    nervous and hysterical persons. It also means ANATRESIS , Perforation , Trepanning.
    Exhalation, Fumigation ,and Hypochondriasis, ANATRIBE , Friction .
    (which see .) ANATRIPSIS , Friction . 1

    ANATOME ANIMATA, Physiology . ANATRIPSOLOGY, Anatripsolo'gia , from


    ANATOMIE , Anatomy . zvezgetes , “ friction ,' and nogos, a discourse .'
    ANATOMIA VIVA, Physiology: A treatise on friction as a remedy.
    ANATOMIST, Anatomicus. One who oc ANATRON , Soda.
    cupies himself with anatomy. One versed in ANATROPE , from arose, upwards,' and
    Anatomy. Tg8TW , ' I turn . A subversion. A turning or
    ANATOMY, Anatomē, Anato'mia, from subversion or inverted action of the stomach,
    ars , and teurerv,' to cut. (F) Anatomie. characterized by nausea, vomiting, & c. - Ga
    The word Anatomy properly signifies dissec- len. We still speak of the stomach turning
    tion : but it has been appropriated to the study against any thing.
    and knowledge of the number , shape , situation, ANAUDIA , Čatalepsy , Mutitas.
    structure, and connexion , in a word, of all the ANAXYRIS , Rumex acetosa .
    apparent properties of organized bodies . Ana- ANAZESIS , Ebullition .
    tomy is the science of organization . Some have ANAZOTURIA , see Urine .
    given the term a still more extended accepta- ANCHA, Haunch .
    tion , applying it to every mechanical decom- ANCHILOPS , Ægilops.
    position , even of extra -organic bodies. Thus, ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid .
    Crystallography has been termed the Anatomy ANCHU'SA OFFICINA'LIS , Alca'nı , Lin .
    of crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also gua Bovis, Buglos'sum sylves'tré, Offic''inal or
    been called Morphology, Somatology, Somato - Garden Alkanet or Bugloss ; Nat. Ord . Boragi
    omy, Organology &c. It assumes different neæ, Ser. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia , (î")
    names according as the study is confined to one Buglose ; a native of Great Britain . The herb
    organized being, or to a species or class of be . was formerly esteemed as a cordial in melan
    ings. Thus Androtomy, or Anthropol'omy, or cholia and hypochondriasis ; but itis now rare
    Anthropog'raphy, or Anthroposomatology, is ly used . It is also called Buglos'sa, Buglos'
    the Anatomy of man :-Zoöl'omy, that of the sum angustifolium majus, B. vulga're majus,
    other species of the animal kingdom : and Vet'- B. sati'rum,
    erinary Anatomy, is the anatomy of domestic AschU'SA TINCTO'RIA, Alcan'na , spu'ria, Dy
    animals: but when the word is used abstracted- er's Bugloss, Ane'bium , Buglos'sum Tinctorum,
    ly , it means human Anatomy, and particularly Lithosper'mum villo'sum , Dyer's Alkanet, ( F)
    the study of the organs in a physiological or Orcanette ; a European plant. The medical pro
    healthy state . The Anatomy of the diseased perties are equivocal . It is used to give a
    human body is called Patholog" ical or Morbid beautiful red colour to ointments.
    Anatomy, and when applied to Medical Juris- ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
    prudence , Foren'sic Anatomy. Several of the ANCISTRON , Hamulus.
    organs possessing a similarity of structure , and ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris,
    ANCON 43 ANEPITHYMIA

    ANCON , Elbow , Olecranon .


    ANCONÉ, Anconeus.
    ANDROG'YNUS, from anng, 'a man,' and
    zuen, " a woman .' An hermaphrodite. An
    ANCONE'US, from agxov, ' the elbow . ' A effeminate person . - Hippocr.
    term once applied to every muscle attached to ANDROMANIA , Nymphomania.
    the olecranon. Winslow distinguished four : ANDROM'EDA MARIA'NA . Broad- leaved
    -the great , external, internal, and small; the Moorwort. A decoction of this American
    three first being portions of the same muscle , plant is said to have been successfully employ
    the triceps brachialis. The last has, alone , re- ed as a wash , in a disagreeable inaffection,-not
    tained the name . It is the Ancone'us minor of uncommon amongst the slaves the southern
    Winslow : the Ancone'us cel Cubita'lis Riola'ni parts of the United States ,-called the Toe
    of Douglass : the Epicon'dylo-Cubita'lis of Itch , and Ground Itch . — Barton .
    Chaussier: the Brevis Cu'biti ( F ) Anconé, and is ANDROPOGON CHOENANTHUS, Jun
    situate at the upper and back part of the fore- cus odoratus - a. Nardus, Calamus Alexandri
    arm . It arises from the external condyle of nus, Nardus Indica .
    the os humeri, and is inserted into the poste- ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus -a. Mat
    rior edge of the upper third of the ulna. thioli,Umbilicusmarinus.
    Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore -arm . ANDROSÆMUM , Hypericum perforatum .
    ANCONEUS EXTERNUS, see Triceps extensor ANDROTOMY , Andranatomia .
    cubiti - a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti. ANDRUM . An Indian word , latinized by
    -a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti . Kæmpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis
    ANCTE'RES, Fibulæ or Clasps, by which of the scrotum , endemic in southern Asia.
    ANÉANTISSEMENT, (F ) Virium extinc'tio.
    the lips of wounds were formerly kept together .
    -Celsus, Galen . This word is often employed hyperbolically by
    ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation . patients, in France, to signity excessive fatigue,
    ANCU'BITUS , Petrifac'tio. An affection debility , or syncope .
    of the eye , in which there is a sensation as if ANÉBIUŃ, Anchusa Tinctoria .
    sand was irritating the organ. ANEBUS , Impuber .
    ANCUNULENTÆ . A name formerly ANECPYE'TUS , from av,forarec , 'without,'
    given , according to James, to females during and Truow , ' I promote suppuration. Thatwhich
    menstruation, who were regarded as unclean . does not suppurate ,or is not likely to suppu
    ANCUS. Ankus, from agrav, ' the elbow .' rate .
    One who cannot extend his arms completely. ANEGERÄTICE , from arogesper, I awaken .'
    Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation The art of resuscitating the apparently dead.
    of the humerus or fore -arm . - Hippocr. ANEILEMA , Aneile'sis, from avenna 21, ' to
    ANCYLE , Ankylosis. be rolled upwards.' Applied particularly to
    ANCYLOBLEPHARON,Ankyloblepharon. the motion of air in the intestines and the tor
    ANCYLOGLOSSUM , Ankyloglossum . mina accompanying it. - Hippocr.
    ANCYLOMELE , Ankylomele . ANEILESIS , Aneilema.
    ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus . ANEMIA , Anæmnia .
    ANCYLOSIS , Ankylosis . ANEMONE. The Wind Flower, from ays
    ANCYLOTOMUS , Ankylotoinus. hos, the wind ,' because it does not open its
    ANCYRA , Hook. flowers till blown upon by the wind.
    ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS , Coracoid. ANÉMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemo
    ANDA. A tree of Brazil . Anda Gomesii, rosa.
    Joannesia princeps. Nat. Order, Euphorbiaceæ . ANEMO'NE HEPATICA , Hepatica nobilis, Her
    Sex. Syst. Monacia Monadelphia. An oil is ba Trinita'tis, Hepal'ica or Herb Trinity, Hepat
    obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 icus Flos, Trifolium Hepaticum , Anem'ony.
    drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is The plantis a mild astringent and tonic. Dose,
    an ovalnut, containing two
    the taste of the chestnut seeds. These have
    ; but are strongly 3j of the powder. It may be given in infu
    ca- sion.
    thartic, and even emetic . The shell is astrin- ANEMO'NE NEMORO'SA, Ranun'culus albus,
    gent, and used as such in diarrhæa, & c . Wood anern'ony. ( F) Anémone des bois. The
    ANDELY , MINERAL WATERS OF. A. herb and flowers are poisonous, acrid , and cor
    is in France, near Gysore , and 8 leagues from rosive. They have been used as rubefacients.
    Rouen . The water is a cold and weak chaly. ANEMO'NE PRATEN'sis , Pulsatilla ni'gricans.
    beate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal This plant has similar properties with the last.
    obstructions. It is also called Meadow Anemony. (F) Pulsa
    ANDIRA INERMIS , Geoffræa inermis-a. tille noire , P. des prés.
    Surinamensis , Geoffræa surinamensis, The ANEMO'NE Pulsatil'LA, Pulsatilla vul
    ANDRACHAHARA , Sempervivum tecto- gn'ris, Herba rentis, Nola culinaria, Pusque
    rum. flower, (F ) Coquelourde, possesses like properties.
    ANDRACHNE , Arbutus unedo , Portulaca. ANEMONY , Anemone hepatica—a . Mea
    ANDRANATOMIA . Andranat'omē, An - dow , Anemone pratensis - a. Wood , Anemone
    droto’mia , Androtome, Anthropot'omy, from nemorosa .
    aing , genitive and pos , a man, ' and teuerer , ' to ANEMOS, Wind .
    cut. The anatomy of man. ANENCEPH'ALUS, from a priv. and 17xe
    ANDRI'A , Adult age. 0x20s, ' brain . ' A monster devoid of brain.
    ANDRIA MU’LI ER. Mu'lier Hermaphro- Bonetus . Also, one that has a part only of the
    dit'ica. hermaphrodite
    A female .
    brain h'alus . Paracep .
    . A weak , silly person
    ANDROGENI'A , from arng , man ,' and Hippocr.
    7876015, ' generation . The procreat ion ofmales. ANEPITHYM'IA , from a priv . and orituula ,
    -Hippocr. desire .' Many Nosologists have used this
    ANERETHISIA 44 ANEURISMAL

    word for a loss of the appetites ; as of those éorysme par Anastomose ou pariqueuz, A. par
    of hunger, thirst, venery , &c. Erosion, A. de Port , A. des plus petites artères,
    ANETITUYMIA CHLOROSIS , Chlorosis. is that which arises from the simultaneous
    ANERETHIS'IA, Inirritabilitas, from a wounding of an artery and vein : the arterial
    priv . and specious ,' irritability .' Defect of blood passing into the vein, and producing a
    irritability. -Swedjaur. varicose state of it.
    ANESÍS , Remission . III . Mired Aneurism , ( F) Aneurysme mixte ,
    ANESON , Anethum. is that which arises from the dilatation of one
    ANESUM , Pimpinella anisum. or two of the coats , with division or rupture of
    ANET , Anethum . the other . Some authors have made two varie
    ANETH , Anethum graveolens. ties of this .
    ANE'THUM. Aneson , Aneton , Ane'thum Fæ- 1. Mixed external Aneurism , where the inter
    nic'ulum , Fænic'ulum , F. Dulce, Ligusticum nal and middle coats are ruptured, and the cel
    fænic'ulum , Fennel or Finckle, Mar'athrum , lular is dilated .
    Anet, Sweet Fennel, ( F) Fenouil ou Anis doux. 2. Mired internal Aneurism , in which the
    Nut. Ord. Umbelliferæ. Sex. Syst. Pentandria. internal coat is dilated , and protrudes, like a
    Digynia. The seeds have an aromatic odour , hernial sac, through the ruptured middle and
    and warm , sweetish taste. They are carmina- outer coats. This variety has been called Aneu
    tive. The root is said to be pectoral and diu- ris'ma Her'niam Arteriæ sis'tens.
    retic . Aneurisms have been likewise termed Trau
    ANETHUM FENICULUM , Anethum. matic and Sponta'neous, according as they may
    ANE'THUM GRAV'EOLENS, A. horten' se, Dill, have been caused by a wound, or have origi
    Anethum . (F) Aneth, Fenouil puant. A native nated spontaneously. They have also been
    of the south of Europe . The seeds are stimu . divided into internal and external.
    lant and carminative. Dose, gr. xv to 3j. The internal aneurisms are situate in the
    The OLEUM ANE'Thi, or oil of Dii, ( F) great splanchnic cavities, and occur in the
    Huile d'Aneth, possesses the carminative pro- heart and great vessels of the chest, abdomen,
    &c . Their diagnosis is difficult, and they are
    perties of the plant.
    ANETICUS , Anodyne. often inaccessible to surgical treatment.
    ANETON , Anethum . The external aneurisms are situate at the
    ANETUS , Intermittentfever — a. Quartanus, exterior of the head , neck , and limbs, and are
    Quartan - a .Quotidianus,Quotidian-a. Tertia distinctly pulsatory..
    nus, Tertian fever . Aneurisms, especially the internal , may be
    AN'EURISM , An'eurysm , Aneuris'ma, from combated by a debilitant treatment, on the plan
    ayeuguveir , ' to dilate or distend .' Dilata'tio of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood .
    Arteria'rum , Ecta'sia, Emboris'ma, Erangi'a letting, with food enough merely to support
    aneurisma, Abscessus spirituo'sus, Arteriec'- life . In external aneurism the artery can be
    tasis, ( F ) Anévrysme, Aneurysme. Properly, obliterated. This is usually done by applying
    Aneurism signifies a tumour, produced by the a ligature above the aneurismal tumour.
    dilatation of an artery ; but it has been extend. A DissectING ANEURISM is one in which
    ed to various lesions of arteries, as well as to owing to rupture of the inner coat ofan artery ,
    dilatations of the heart. the blood makes itself a channel between the
    There are various kinds of aneurism. The coats or between the laminæ composing them .
    following are the chief . Aneurisms of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Cardicu .
    1. When the blood, which forms the tumour, rys'ma, ( F) Anévrysmes du ceur , have been di
    is enclosed within the dilated coats of the arte vided into active and passive. The former can
    ry . This is the true aneurism , Ancuris ma scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most
    verum , Hernia Arteria'rum . ( F) Anévrysme commonly consist of increased thickness of the
    vrai. parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavi.
    II. When the blood has escaped from the iy instead of increasing it. The term , Hyper
    opened artery, it is called spurious or false trophy of the heart, (q . v .) better indicates their
    aneurism , Aneuris'ma spu'rium , Ruptura Arte character. Passive aneurisms, on the contrary,
    riæ , Arteriorrhez'is, Arie'riodialysis, Ecchymo- are attended with extenuation of the parietes
    ma arterio'sum .. ( F). Aneurysme faux. The of the organ, and enlargement of the cavities .
    latter is divided into three varieties . The physical signs of dilatation of the heart are
    1. The diffused false aneurism , ( F ) Anéo- the following. – The action of the heart is not
    rysme faux, primitif,diffus, noncirconscrit,ou visible, and no impulse is conveyed to the
    par infiltration, which occurs immediately after hand. On percussion, there is a loss of reso
    the division or rupture of an artery, and consists nance over a larger surface than usual , but the
    of an extravasation of blood into the cellular dulness is much less intense than that which
    texture of the part. accompanies hypertrophy. On auscultation,
    2. The circumscribed false ancurism , ( F ) A. the action of the heartis only slightly felt, and
    faut consécutif, circonscrit ou par épanchement, communicates at once the impression of its di
    enkysté ou succiforme, tumeur hémorrhagiale minished power. The impulse is feebler than
    circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the usual. Both sounds are widely transmitted
    vessel, sometime after the receipt of the wound , over the thorax, and are not much fainter at a
    and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring cel" distance from their point of origin.
    lular membrane . ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'
    3. The An'eurisma by Anastomo'sis, or Var'. ic. Aucurisma'lis. That which belongs to
    icose An'eurism , Phlebarteriodiaľysis, Ancury-| Aneurism .
    sma venoso-arteriosum , A. varico'sum , (F) An- t The ANEURISMAL Sac or Cyst, (F) Sac ou
    ANEURISMATIC 45 ANGINA

    Kyste aneurysmal,is a sort of pouch, formed by ANGELICA Sylves'TRIS , A sati'oa . Wild


    the dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which Angelica, ( F) Angelique sauvage. It possesses
    the blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is similar properties to the last, but in an inferior
    contained. degree. The seeds, powdered and put into the
    ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal. hair, are used to destroy lice.
    ANEURYSME, Aneurism. ANGELICA TREE , Aralia spinosa - a. Sylves
    ANEURYSMUS , Dilatation . tris, Ligusticum podagraria .
    ANÉVRYSME, Aneurism. ANGELI'NÆ CORTEX . The bark of a
    ANFION , Maslach . Grenada tree , which has been recommended
    ANFRACTUOSITÉS CÉRÉBRALES, An- as an anthelmintic and cathartic .
    fractuosities, cerebral—a. Ethmoïdales, see An. ANGÉLIQUE, Angelica — a. Sauvage, An
    fractuosity .
    ANFRĂCTUOS'ITY , Anfrac'tus, Gyrus, a gelica sylvestris.
    ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus.
    groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix.
    sinuous depressions, of greater or less depth , ANGIECTASIS, from 47gelov, “ a vessel ,'
    like those which separate the convolutions of and extAOIS, ' dilatation .' Any dilatation of
    the brain from each other. vessels . - Gräfe and Alibert.
    These CEREBRAL ANFRACTUOSITIES, Anfrac'- ANGINA, Febris Angino'sa , from angere,
    tus Cer'ebri, Gyri Cerebri , Intestin'ula Cer'e- ' to suffocate .' Quinsey or Sore throat, Isthmi'.
    bri, (F) Anfractuosités Cérébrales, are always tis. Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic
    narrow, and deeper at the uppersurface of the portion of the alimentary canal, andof theair
    brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro. passages. The Latin writers applied the term
    longation of the pia mater. to every disease in which deglutition or respi
    The Ethmoid Cells sometimes, called ration separately united
    are , , or affected,
    , was pro
    Anfractuosités ethmoidales. vided that such affection was above the sto
    ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity - a. Cerebri, mach and lungs. - Boerhaave speaks of the an .
    Anfractuosities (cerebral). gina of the moribund, which is nothing more
    ANGEIOG'RAPHY or ANGIOG'RAPHY, than the dysphagia or difficult deglutition pre
    Angciographia, from agtev, ' a vessel,' and ceding death.See Cynanche.
    ANGINA Apothosa, A phthæ - a.Bronchialis,
    rgeon, ' a description . The anatomy of the
    vessels . Bronchitis — a. Canina , Cynanche trachealis
    ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY ,Angiohydrog- a. Epidemica, Cynanche maligna—a. Epiglot
    raphy, Angeiondrogʻraphy, Angeiohydrogra'- tidea, Epiglottitis — a. Exudatoria, Cynanche
    phia, from « ?? cv, ' a vessel,'udars , water,' trachealis — a. Externa, Cynanche parotidæa
    and 2840w, i describe. ' A treatise on the a. Gangrænosa, Cynanche maligna-a. Inflam
    lymphatics. matoria , Cynanche, Cynanche trachealis — a.
    ANGEIOHYDROTOMY, Angiohydroto- Laryngea, Laryngitis - a.Linguaria, Glossitis
    my, Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotomia, from –a. Maligna,Čynanche maligna --a. Maxilla
    anyHov, ' a vessel,' udas, water, and Tourse , ris, Cynanche parotidæa.
    . to cut. Dissection of the lymphatics. ANGI'NA NASA'lis, Nasi'tis posti'ca. An in
    ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS , Lymphangei'tis, from flammation of the posterior portion of the
    aygu109,' a vessel,' acuxos,' white,'and itis, in- Schneiderian membrane lining the nose.
    flammation , ( F ) Inflammation des tissus blancs. The Angi'ra EDEMATO'SA , (F) Angine ædé
    Inflammation of the lymphatics: lymphatic or mateuse, Edème de la Glotte, is an ædematous
    scrofulous inflammation . swelling of the glottis; the effect of chronic cy
    ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiology, Angciolo'gia, nanche laryngea.
    from aggur , ' a vessel,' and nogos, a dis ANGINA PAROTIDÆ Externa, Cynanche pa
    course . A description of the vessels. The rotidæa - a. Perniciosa, Cynanche trachealis
    anatomy of the vessels. It includes Arteriol - a. Polyposa seu membranacea, Cynanche tra
    ogy, Phlebology, and Angeiohydrology. chealis .
    ANGEION , Vessel. The Angi'na SICCA , ( F ) Angine sèche, is a
    ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydro- chronic inflammation of the pharynx, with a
    graphy . distressing sense of dryness and heat, in chro.
    ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. nic diseases of the stomach and lungs. See
    ANGEIOPATHI'A , from a gynov, a vessel," Pædanchone.
    and rebec , ' a disease.' Disease of the vessels. The Angi'na SQUIRRO'SA, (F) Angine squir.
    ANGELORRHAGIA, Hæmorrhagia activa. rheuse, consists in difficulty of deglutition,
    ANGEIOSTEO'SIS , Angioslo'sis, from age caused by scirrhous disorganization of the pha
    grev, ' a vessel,' and or TICIS, ossification .' rynx or æsophagus.
    Ossification of vessels. Angi'na Pec'TORIS, Stermal' gia ,Asthma spas".
    ANGEIOT'OMY , Angiot'omy, Angeioto'mia,tico-arthriticum incon 'stans, Sternodyn'ia syn
    from angelov, a vessel,' and Televerv, to cut. ' copticu et palpitans, Cardiog'mus Cordis sinis .
    Dissection of the vessels. tri, Astheni'a pectoralis , Angor pec'toris, Steno
    ANGEL'ICA . So called from its supposed car'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout, Asthma convulsi'.
    angelic virtues. Angelica Archangelica , Nat. vum, Asthma arthriticum , A. dolorif'icum ,
    Ord. Umbelliferæ, Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digy- Syn'copē angino'sa , ( F) Angine de Poitrine. A
    nia. Native of Lapland. Garden Angelica. disease, the precise pathology of which is not
    (F) Angélique, Racine de Saint Esprit . The well known . The principal symptoms are, vi
    roots, stalk , leaves, and seed are aromatic and olent pain about the sternum , extending to
    carminative. A sweetmeat is made of the root, wards the arms ; anxiety, dyspnea, and sense
    which is agreeable. of suffocation . It is affection of great dan
    ANGINA 46 ANGUSTURE

    ger, being usually dependent upon ossification, preciating the size of the brain is very inexact,
    or other morbid affection of the heart. The and cannot be depended upon .
    most powerful stimulating and narcotic anti- The following is a table of the angle in man
    spasmodics are required during the paroxysm . and certain animals.
    Angina Pellicula'ris, Diptheri'tis, Diph FACIAL ANGLES .
    theritic Inflammation . A name recently given Man from 65 ° to 85°
    to those inflammations about the throat and 65
    Sapajou
    elsewhere , in which exudations or false mem Orang -Utang 56 to 58
    branes are thrown out, during the phlogosis of Guenon 57
    mucous membranes. Aphthu , Tracheitis, when Mandrill 30 to 42
    Coati 28
    accompanied with the membraniform exuda Pole - cat 31
    tion , and Diarrhæa tubularis are, with some, Pug dog 35
    specimens of diphtheritic inflammation.
    Angina SUFFOCATORIA ,
    Mastiff 41
    Cynanche trachealis Hare 30
    : Ram 30
    -a. Trachealis , Cynanche trachealis - a Ulce Horse 23

    1
    rosa, Cynanche maligna — a. Uvularis , Staphy
    lædema, Uvulitis . The Optic AsGLE , ( F) Angle optique, is the
    ANGINE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil. angle formed by two lines, which shave the ex
    Jaris — a. Laryngée, Laryngitis — a . Pharyngée, tremities of an object, and meet at the centre
    Cynanche parotidæa—a. de Poitrine, Angina of the pupil.
    pectorisa. Sèche, Angina sicca - a. Squir- ANGOISSE, Angor.
    rheuse, Angina squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, Cy- ANGOLAM ,a very tall Malabar tree, which
    nanche tonsillaris .
    ANGINEUX, Anginosa.
    possesses vermifuge properties.
    AN'GONE, Prafoca'tio Fuu'cium , Globus
    ANGINO'SA , (F) Angineur. That which hyster'icus, Orthopna'a hyster'ica, Dyspha' gin
    is accompanied with angina; as the Scarlati'na globo'sa, D. hysterica, Nervous Quinsey. A
    angino'sa . feeling of strangulation, with dread of suffoca
    ÅNGIOGRAPHY , Angeiography . tion . It is common in hysterical females , and
    ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydro- is accompanied with a sensation as if a ball
    graphy. arose from the abdomen to the throat. 1
    ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. ANGOR , Anguish , ( F) Angoisse. Extreme 1

    ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology . xiety, accompanied with painful constriction


    ANGIOPYRA , Synocha. at the epigastrium , and often with palpitation 1
    ANGIOSTOSIS , Angeiostosis . and oppression . It is frequently an unfavoura
    ANGIO'SIS, from 477810v, ' a vessel. ' Un- ble symptom .
    der this term , Alibert includes every disease of ANGOR, Agony , also, Orthopnea - a. Pecto
    the blood - ressels . ris , Angina pectoris .
    ANGIOTENIC , Angeiotenic, Angioten'icus ANGOS , Bubo, Uterus , Vessel .
    seu Angeiotenicus. From az78100 , a vessel , ' ANGOURION , Cucumis sativus.
    and TEIYEV , to extend .' An epithet given to ANGUIS, Serpent.
    inflammatory fever, owing to its action seeming ANGUISH , Angor .
    to be chiefly exerted on the vascular system . ANGULAIRE DE L'OMOPLATE , Levator
    ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy. scapulæ .
    ANGLE , An'gulus,from aqXUAOS, ' a hook . ' ANGULAR, Angula'ris, from angulus, ' an
    The space between two lines which meet in a angle .' ( F) Angulaire. That which relates to
    point. an angle .
    The FA'CIAL ANGLE , pointed out by Camper , The ANGULAR PROCESSES of the frontal bone
    is formed by the union of two lines, one of are seated near the angles of the eyes. See
    which is drawn from the most prominent part Orbitar.
    of the forehead to the alveolar edge of the up- ANGULAR ARTERY AND Vei . A name given ,
    per jaw, opposite the incisor teeth, and the 1. to the termination of the facial artery and
    other from the meatus auditorius externus to vein , because they pass by the greater angle of
    the same point of the jaw . According to the the eye ; and , 2. to the facial artery and vein
    size of this angle it has been attempted to ap- themselves, because they pass under the angle
    respective
    preciate theface, proportions of the cra- of the jaw . ' See Facial.
    nium and and, to a certain extent, the de- The ANGULAR NERVE is a filament furnished
    gree of intelligence of individuals and of ani- by the inferior maxillary, which passes near
    mals. In the while varieties of the species, the greater angle of the eye .
    this angle is generally 80 ° ; in the negro not ANGULARIS, Levator scapulæ .
    more than 70°, and sometimes only 65º . As ANGULI-SCAPULO -HUMERAL, Teres ma
    we descend the scale of animals, the angle be- jor.
    comes less and less; until , in fishes, it nearly or ANGULUS OCULARIS , Canthus.
    entirely disappears. Animals, which have the ANGURIA , Cucurbita citrullus .
    snout long and facial angle small, are prover- ANGUSTATIO CORDIS , Systole .
    bially foolish ; at least they are so esteemed, ANGUSTIA ABDOMINALIS , Pelvis,
    such as the snipe, crane , stork, & c ., whilst in- (Brim ) -a Perinæalis , Pelvis (Outlet.)
    telligence is ascribed to those in which the an- ANGUSTURA , Cusparia febrifuga—a. Spu
    gle is more largely developed, as the elephant ria, Brucea antidysenterica.
    and the owl. In these lasi animals, however, ANGUSTURE , FAUSSE , Brucea antidysen
    the large facial angle is caused by the size of terica— —a . a.Ferrugineuse, Brucea anti-dysente
    the frontal sinuses :-- so that this inode of ap- rica Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga.
    ANGUSTIA 47 ANIMALIZATION
    ANIMALS .
    ANGUS'TIA , Angusta'tio,Stenochdria. Anx Temperatares.
    iety or constriction . Arctic fox , 107
    ÁNHÆMATOSIA , Asphyxia . Arctic wolf, 105
    ANHÆMIA , Anæmia . Squirrel ,
    ANHELATIO , from anhelo , ' I pant.' An- Whale, Hare, 104

    hel'itus, Panting. (F ) Essouflement. Anhela- Arctomys


    Do.
    citillus, when
    zizil - torpid
    in summer, 103
    tion. Short and rapid breathing.
    See Dyspnea. , 80 to 84
    Anhela'tio is sometimes employed synony . Goat,
    Bat, in summer, 103

    mously with Asthma. 102


    Musk ,
    ANHELITUS , Breath . Marmota bobac ,-Bobac, 101 or 102
    101
    ANHIS TOUS, from c"anorgani
    ,av, ' privativ ' and
    tu- Housemouse,
    irtos, organic texture," c. e, The Arctomysmarmota,marmot, —in ,summer,
    when torpid
    101 or 102
    43
    nica decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the Rabbit, 100 to 104
    anhistous membrane . Polar bear, 100
    Dog,
    ANHUIBA , Laurus sassafras . Cat ,
    ANICE'TON , Mesia'mum ,from a privative, Swine, 100 to 103
    and vina, victory , ''invincible . ' A plastermuch Sheep,
    extolled by the ancients in cases of achores. It Guinea
    Ox -pig , 100 to 102
    was formed of litharge , cerusse ,thus, alum , tur Arctomys glis, 99
    pentine, white pepper, and oil . Shrew , 98
    96
    ANIDRO'SIS, from 2 priv. and 'idges, Youngwolf,
    ' sweat.' Sudo'ris nullitas vel priva'tio. Ab- Fringilla arctica, Arcticfinch, 111
    sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration.- Fringilla linaria , lesser red poll, 110 or 111
    Hippocr. Falco palumbarius, goshawk,
    Caprimulgus Europæus , European goat 100
    ANILITAS. See Dementia.
    sucker,
    AN'IMA , Ani'mus, Mens, Psyche, the mind , Emberiza nivalis , snow -bunting, 109 to 110
    breath , &c. , from aroucos, ' wind or breath . (F) Falcolanarius,lanner,
    Ame. The prineiple of the intellectual and mo- Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch, 109
    ral manifestations. Also, the principle of life: Corvus corax, raven ,
    the life of plantsbeing termed An'ima vegetati'- Tetrao perdrix, partridge,
    da , ( F) Ame végétative; that of man, An'ima Anas clypeata , shoreler,
    sensiti'ra, ( F) Ame sensitive. Tringa pugnax, ruffe,
    Under the term Anima Mundi, the ancient Scolopax limosa, lesser godwit,
    108
    philosophers meant a universal Spirit, which Fringilla brumalis,vinterfinch,
    pyrrhula
    Loxia nisus,
    they supposed spread over every part of the Falco ,
    sparrowhawk,
    universe . Barbatus,
    The precise seat of the mind in the brain has Vultur
    Anser pulchricollis,
    given rise to many speculations. The point is Colymbus Auritus, dusky grebe, 107
    unsettled. Tringa vanellus, lapring, (wounded ,)
    ANJMA Aloes : see Aloes—a. Articulorum , Tetrao lagopus, ptarmigan , 107 to 111
    Hermodactylus - a. Hepatis, Ferrisulphas - a? Eringilla domestica, house sparrow ,
    Pulmonum , Crocus. Hæmatopus ostralegus, sea-pie,
    106
    ANIMAL, Swov, from an'ima, “ the mind .' A Anas penelope,widgeon,
    name given to every animated being provided Anas strepera,gadwall,
    with digestive organs; even if such be merely Falco os sifragus,sea -eagle,
    a simple tube , as in the polypi . The greater Fulica atra, coot, 105
    part of animals have the power of locomo- Anas acuta , pintail-duck ,
    Falco milvus, kite , ( wounded , ) 104
    tion ; some can merely execute partial move Merops apiaster, bee-eater,
    ments, such as contraction and dilatation. Goose ,
    In other respects it is often a matter of dif- Hen , 103 to 107
    ficulty to determine what is an animal cha- Dove,
    racteristic. The study of animals is called Duck ,
    Ardea stellaris ,
    Zoology. Falco albicollis , 103
    Picus major,
    ANIMAL , (adjective,) Anima'lis. That which Cossus 89 to 91
    ligniperda ,
    concerns, or belongs to, an animal. Shark , 83
    The ANIMAL KINGDOM, (F) Règne Animal, Torpedo Marmorata, 74
    comprises all animated beings .
    ANIMAL Heat , Calor anima'lis, Cal'idum an- ANIMAL'CULE , Animal'culum , a diminutive
    ima'le , C. inna'tum , Biolych'nion, (F) Chaleur of animal. A small animal. An animal per
    animale, is the caloric constantly secreted by ceptible only by means of the microscrope.
    the body of a living animal, by virtue of ANIMAL/CULIST , An'imalist. One who
    which ii preserves nearly thesame tempera- attempts to explain differentphysiological or
    ture, whatever may be that of the medium in pathological phenomena by means of animal.
    which it is placed. This secretion seems to cules .
    take place in the capillary system over the ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
    whole of the body, and to beconnected with ANIMALITY, Animal'itas. Qualities which
    the action of nutrition . distinguish that which is animated. That
    The following are the natural temperatures which constitutes ION
    the animal.
    of certain animals; that of man being 980 or ANIMALIZAT , Animalisa'tio. The
    1000, transformation of the nutritive parts of food
    ANIMATION 48 ANNUITIO 1

    into the living substance of the body to be Also called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'sis, and
    nourished . Pros'physis.
    ANIMATION , Zoo'sis, Anima'tio , from Also, union between the eyelids and globe of
    anima, the soul or mind. ' The act of ani- the eye.- Aëtius .
    mating. The state of being enlivened . ANKYLOGLOSSUM , Ancyloglos'sum , Con
    Animation, SUSPENDED , Asphyxia . cre'tio lingue , from ogxvaos , ' crooked ,' or con
    TO AN'IMATE, Anima're . To unite the tracted ,' and ga000 , the tongue .' Impeded
    . living principle with an organized body. The motion of the tongue in consequence of adhe
    1
    French use it in the sense of,—to excite or ren- sion between its margins and the gums ; or in
    der active ; as, animer un désicatoire : to excite consequence of the shortness of the frænum :
    a blister to suppurate . the latter affection constituting the Tongue
    1
    AN'IME, Gum an'imē, Aminda, Can'camy, tie, Olopho'nia lin 'gue fræna'ta . It merely re
    Gummi an'imē, Can'camum . A resin obtained quires the frænum to be divided with a pair of
    from the trunk of the Hymena'a cour'baril. It scissors.
    has been given as a cephalic and uterine . It ANKYLOME’LĒ, Ancylome'le, from &zxvacs,
    is not used. The plant is also called Cour'. crooked,' and unan , ' a probe.' A curved probe.
    baril. -Galen .
    ANIMÉ, ( F ) an epithet applied to the coun- ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, 6 a
    tenance, when florid, in health or disease. from eg xuan, ' a contraction ,' and Megos,
    ANIMELLÆ , Parotid . part. ' Morbid adhesion between parts.
    ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS , Syncope - a. ANKYLOPS , Ægilops.
    Deliquium , Syncope - a . Pathemata , Passions. ANKYLO'SIS , Ancylo'sis, Anchylosis, Or.
    ANIMIST, from an'ima , ' the soul .' The thoco'lon , Orthocyllo'sis, An'cylē , Stif Joint,from
    Animists are those who, following the exam- agxuros, crooked .' An affection , in which
    ple of Stahl, refer all the phenomena of the there is great difficulty or even tion.
    impossibility
    animal economy to the soul. dial
    of moving a diarthro articula so
    It is
    The soul , according to Stahl, is the imme- called , because the limb remains, commonly,
    diate and intelligent agent of every movement, in a constant state of flexion . Anchylosis is
    and of every material change in the body said to be complete or true, when there is an
    Stahl therefore concluded , that disease was intimate adhesion between the synovial sur .
    nothing more than a disturbance or disorder faces and union of the articular extremities of
    in the government of the economy, or an effort the bones . In the incomplete or false anchylosis ,
    by which the soul , attentive to every morbific there is obscure motion , but the fibrous parts
    cause, endeavoured to expel whatever might around the joint are more or less stiff and
    be deranging the habitual order of health . thickened. In the treatment of this last state ,
    ANIMUS, Anima, Breath . the joint must be gently and gradually exer:
    ANIS, Pimpinella anisum - a. Aigre, Cumi- cised ; and oily, relaxing applications be as
    num cyminum - a. de la Chine, Illicium ani- siduously employed .
    satum- a. doux, Anethum - a, etoilé, Illicium ANKYLOTOMUS, Ancylot'omus, elyxcu.
    anisatum . λοτομος, from αγκυλος, crooked, and τεμνειν,
    ANISA'TUM , from Anisum , Anise. A sort to ent. Any kind of curved knife.- Paulus.
    An instrument for dividing the frænum linguæ.
    of medicated wine, formerly prepared with -Scultetus.
    honey, wine of Ascalon ,and aniseed.
    AÑISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi . ANNEAU, Ring — a Crural, Crural canal - a.
    ANISE PLANT, Pimpinella anisum . Diaphragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring — a. Fé
    ANISEED : see Pimpinella anisum-a. Tree, moral, Crural canal — a . Inguinal,Inguinal ring
    yellow flowered , Illicium anisatum . -a. Ombilical, Umbilical ring.
    ANISI SEMINA . See Pimpinella anisum . ANNEXE , Accessory , Appendix .
    ANISOSTHENES, Inæqua'li rob'ore pol- ANNI CRÍTICI, Climacterici (anni)—a. De
    lens. That which is unequal instrength : from cretorii, Climacterici (anni)-a. Fatales, Cli:
    a priv.1505, equal,' and coros, 'strength .' An macterici (anni)—a. Genethliaci, Climacterici
    epithet applied particularly to the muscular (anni)—a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni) — .
    contractility, which, in the sick , is sometimes Hebdomadici, Climacterici (anni) —a. Heroici,
    augmented in certain muscles only : in the Climacterici (anni) —a. Natalitii, Climacterici
    flexors, for example . (anni) —a. Scalares, Climacterici (anni.) - a.
    ANISOTYACHYS, from a priv. coos, ' equal,' | Scansiles, Climacterici (anni .)
    and texus, ' quick . ' An epithet for the pulse ANNOTATIO, Episema' sia . Under this 1

    when at the same time quick and unequal. - term some have included the preludes to an
    Gorræus. attack of intermittent fever - as yawning,
    ANISUM Africanum stretching, somnolency,chillines
    P, impinella anisum - -a . a.Fruticosum s, &c.
    frutescens, Bubon Galbanum ANNOTTO . See Terra Orleana .
    Galbaniferum , Bubon galbanum - a. Sinense , ANNUAL DISEASES , Morbi an'nui , M.
    Illicium anisatum -- a. Stellatum , Ilicium ani- anniversa'rii . (F) Maladies annuelles. А
    satum . name given, by some, to diseases which recur,
    ANKLE , Astragalus, Malleolus. every year, about the same period. Febris
    annua is a term used for a fancied intermittent
    ANKUS , Ancus.
    ANKYLOBLEPH'ARON , Ancylobleph'aron, of this type. (F) Fièrre annuelle.
    Palpebra'rum coal'itus, from anxuan, contrac- ANNUENS , Rectus capitis internus minor.
    tion ,' and Bacougor , ' eyelid.' A preternatural
    ANNUIT IO ,Nod'ding. A gesture denoting
    union between the free edges of the eyelids. assent in most countries. Also, the state of
    ANNULAR 49 ANOSLA

    somnolency, (when the individual is in the Anet'icus, Antal'gicus, (F) Anodin or Anodyn ,
    erect or sitting posture, with the head unsup- from e, av, priv . and odurn , pain .' Anodynes are
    ported .) in which the power of volition over those medicines which relieve pain , or cause it
    ihe extensor muscles of the head is lost, and to cease ; as opium , belladonna, &c . They
    the head drops forward . act by blunting the sensibility of the brain ,
    AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, Cricoi des . Any so that it does not appreciate the morbid sen
    thing relating to a ring ,or which has the shape sation .
    or fulfils the functions ofa ring ; from annulus, ANODY'NIA , Indolen'tia . Cessation or ab .
    a ring.' sence of pain . Vogel has given this name to a
    The ANNULAR FINGER, or Ring Finger , genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation
    Dig'itus annula'ris, Param 'esos, is the fourth of pain , and the exasperation of other symp
    finger; so called from the wedding -ring being toms ; as we see in gangrene.
    worn there. ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassæ nitras
    The AI'NULAR LIG'AMENT OF THE RA'dius, sulphatis paucillo mixtus .
    is a very strong fibro-cartilaginous band , which ANEA , from a privative , and voos , mind .'
    forms, with the lesser sigmoid cavity of the Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia and Idiot
    cubitus , a kind of ring in which the head of ism .
    the radius turns with facility. ANOMAL , Anomalous.
    THE AN'NULAR LIG'AMENTS OF THE CARPUS , ANOMA'LIA , from av priv. and on anos, ' re
    Armille manus membrano'sa , are two in num - gular.' Abnor'mitas, Aliena'tio. Anomaly , irre
    ber . The one , anterior, is a broad , fibrous, gularity . In Pathology, anomaly means some
    quadrilateral band , extending transversely be thing unusual in the symptoms proper to a dig
    fore the carpus, and forming the gutter, made ease.
    by the wrist, into a canal. It is attached , ANOMALIA Nervorum , Nervous diathesis .
    externally, to the trapezium and scaphoïdes ; ANOMALOTROPHIES, from av, privative,
    and internally to the os pisiforme and pro- loveanos, regular,' and spoon , nourishment. A
    cess of the unciforme. It keeps the tendons class of diseases , which consist in modifications
    of the flexor muscles, median nerve , & c ., ap- in the nutrition of organs.—Gendrin.
    plied against the carpus. The posterior liga- ANOM'ALOUS,Ano'malus; thesame etymon .
    ment is situate transversely behind the joint Irregular, contrary to rule . ( F ) Anomal. In
    of the hand, and covers the sheaths of the Medicine, a disease is called' anomalous, in
    tendons, which pass to the back of the hand . whose symptoms or progress there is something
    Its fibres are white and shining, and are at- unusual. Affections are also called anomalous,
    tached, externally, to the inferior and outer which cannot be referred to any known species.
    part of the radius; internally , to the ulna and ANOMALUS , Irregular.
    os pisiforme. ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a priv. youos,
    The AN'NULAR LIG'AMENTS OF THE TARSUS ' rule ,' and xspean , head. ' An individual,
    are two in number. The anterior is quadri- whose head is deformed. - Geoffroi Saint-Hi
    lateral, and extends transversely above the in- laire .
    step. It is attached to the superior depression ANOM PHALOS, from a privative, and
    of the os calcis, and to the malleolus internus. ou paros, " the navel . ' Devoid of navel .
    It embraces the tendons of the extensor mus- Many writers have endeavoured to show that
    cles of the toes , the tibialis anticus, and pero- Adam and Eve must have been arou Qa101,as
    neus anticus. The internal is broader than the they could not have been nourished by umbi
    last. It descends from the malleolus internus lical vessels.
    to the posterior and inner part of the os calcis, ANONYME , Innominatum .
    with which it forms a kind of canal, enclosing ANON’YMOUS , Anon'ymus, innomina'tus,
    the sheaths of the tendons of the tibialis posti- | ( F) Anonyme, from av priv. and coolece, ' name .'
    cus. fleror longus digitorum pedis , and F. longus That which has no name.
    pollicis pedis , as well as the plantar vessels and The word has been applied to many parts of
    nerves . the body :-to the Anonymous bone or Os inno
    The ANNULAR VEIN , Vena annula'ris, is situ- minatum : —the Anonymous foramen or Fora
    ate between the annular finger and the little men innominatum ,&-c.
    finger. Aëtius recommends it to be opened in ANOPS'IA , from my priv . and at the eye . '
    diseases ofthe spleen . A case of monstrosity in which the eye and
    ANNULARIS , Cricoid : see Digitus- a. Ani, orbit are wanting.
    Sphincter ani. ANOR'CHIDES, from av priv, and 98x15,
    ANNULI-TENDINO-PHALANGIENS, “ a testicle.' Those born without testicles. --
    Lumbricales manus. Fortunatus Fidelis .
    ANNULUS ABDOMINIS , Inguinal ring- ANOREX'IA , from av priv . and opegis , ' ap
    a . Fossæ ovalis : see Ovalis fossa — a . Repens, petite.'. Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers. ( F")
    Herpes circinatus - a. Umbilicalis, Umbilical Perte d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without
    ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus. loathing. Anorexia or want of appetite is symp
    ANO, avw , a prefix denoting ' above, up. ' tomatic of most diseases. Indigestion , Dyspep
    ANOCELIA , Stomach . sia (q. v. )
    ANOʻDIA , from av priv . and adin , song .' ANOREXIA EXAUSTORUM , Frigidity of the
    An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech . stomach - a . Mirabilis , Fasting.
    ANODIN, Anodyne . ANORGANIC . See Inorganic.
    ANODOS , Edentulus. ANORMAL, Abnormous .
    ANÄODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'- ANO'SIA , from a priv . and yooos, disease .'
    ynous, (improperly) Paregor'icus, Hypnot'icus, Health . Freedom from disease.
    7
    ANOSMIA 50 ANTHEMIS COTULA

    ANOS'MIA , from a privative, and coun, ANTENEAS'MUS, from arti, against,'


    odour .' Loss of smell. Diminution of the and rear , ' audacious .' One furious against
    sense of smell. Called , also , Anosphre'sia , Pa- himself . Manja, in which the patient attempts
    ros'mis, Olfac'tûs, amis'sio, Dysæsthe'sia olfac- his own life. - Zacchias.
    to'ria, Odora'tus deper'ditus , Caco'dia . ANTENNA'RIA DIOICA , Catsfoot, Gna
    ANOSPHRESIA , Anosmia . pha'lium Dioicum , Hispidula , Pes'cati, Elich'
    ANSE ( F) , Ansa ( L ), signifies, properly , the rysum monta'num ( F) Pied de chat. A com
    handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched inon European plant, which has been advised
    form . By analogy, it has been applied to that in ANTEPHIALTIC
    hemorrhage, diarrhea, & c.
    which is curved in the form of such handle . , Antiephialtic.
    Thus , the French speak of — Anse intestinale , ANTEPILEPTIC , Antiepileptic.
    to signify a portion of intestine , supported by ANTEREISIS , from arti, against,' and
    its mesentery, and describing a curved line-8418a
    : , 'I support. The resistance — the soli
    also , Anse nerteuse, Anse Anastomotique , &r . dity - of bones. - Hippocr.
    Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a ANTÉRIEUR DU MARTEAU, Laxator
    thread, curved in form of an Anse. tympani - a. de l'Oreille , Anterior auris.
    ANSERINA , Potentilla anserina. ANTE'RIOR , Anterior, Anti'cus. Situate
    ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides - a. before . Great confusion has prevailed with
    Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum Anatomists in the use of the terms before, be
    -a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus hind, &c. Generally, the word anterior is ap
    -a. Botrys, Chenopodium Botrys — a. Félide, plied to parts situate before the median line,
    Chenopodium vulvaria. the body being in the erect posture , with the
    ANSERINE VERMIFUGE, Chenopodium face and palms of the hands turned forwards ;
    anthelminticum . and the feet applied longitudinally together.
    ANTAC'IDS or ANTI-AC'IDS, Anti
    ANTE'RIOR AUʻris Muscle, Auricula'ris ante'
    ac''ida. Remedies, which obviate acidity in rior, (F ) Auriculaire antérieur, Antérieur de
    the stomach . They are chemical agents, and l'orci!le, Zygomato.oriculaire. A small muscle ,
    act by neutralizing the acid . Those chiefly passing froin the posterior part of the zygoina
    used are ammonia , calcis carbonas , calx , mag- to the helix . Use. To draw the ear forwards
    nesia, magnesia carbonas, potassa , potassæ bi- and upwards.
    carbonas, p . carbonas, sodæ bicarbonas, and s . ANTERIOR Mallei, Laxator tympani .
    carbonas. They are, of course, only palliatives , ANTEROTICUS , Antaphrodisiac.
    removing that which exists, not preventing the ANTEUPHORBIUM , Cacalia anteuphor.
    formation of more . bium .
    ANTAG'ONISM , Antagonismus, from ANTEVER'SION, Antever' sio , from ante,
    arti, ' against, ' and ogavisen , ' to act. Action before,' and ver'tere, to turn .' Displacement
    in an opposite direction. It applies to the ac- of the uterus , in which the fundus is turned
    tion ofmuscles which act in a contrary direction towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is towards
    to others. In estimating the force of the mus. the sacrum. It may be caused by extraordina
    cles, this antagonism must be attended to. ry size of the pelvis, the pressure of the visce
    ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonista. A muscle, ra on the uterus, &c.; and is recognised by ex
    whose action producesan effect contrary to that aminationpervaginam . See Retroversio uteri.
    of another muscle . Every muscle has its an. ANTHELITRAGUS, (F ) Anthélitragien,
    tagonist, because there is no motion in one di- ear
    one. of the proper muscles of the pavilion of the
    rection without a capability of it in another.
    ANTALGICUS , Anodyne. ANT'HELIX or ANTI - HELIX , from arti,
    ANTAPHRODISIAC and ANTAPHRO - before ,' and incĘ , the belix. ' An eminence
    DIT’IC , Antaphrodisiacus,from avsl, ' against,' on the cartilage of the ear, in front of the helix,
    and cogedaciaxes , “ aphrodisiac ,' Anteroticus. A and extending from the concha to the groove of 1
    substance capable of blunting the venereal ap- the helix , where it bifurcates.
    petite . ANTHELMIA , Spigelia Marilandica.
    ANTAPOD’OSIS , from artaredidcret, ANTHELMINTIC . Antihelmin'ticus, An
    return in exchange. The succession and re- liscol'icus, Antidermino'sus, Vermifugus, Vez'
    turn of febrile periods.- Hippocr. mifuge, from arti , against,' and expeers,
    ANTATROPH'IC , Antatroph'icus, Antia- worm . A remedy which destroys or expels
    troph'icus, from arti, ' against,' and otpoola , worms, or prevents their formation and deve
    ' atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atrophy or lopment. The chief anthelmintics are , the
    consumption. Chenopodium , Dolichos, Oleum animale Dip
    ANTEBRACHIAL. See Antibrachial. pelii, Oleum Terebinthinæ, Sodii Chloridum ,
    ANTECENDEN’TIA . The precursory or Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms and
    warning symptomsof a disease . Helminthagogues.
    ANTELA'BIA , Prochei'la , from ante , ' be- ANTHEMA ERUPTIO , Exanthem .
    fore,' and labia, ' the lips.' The extremity of AN'THEMIS COTYULA, Cot'ula fæt'ida ,
    the lips . Cota , Cynan'themis, Chamæmdlum , fætidum ,
    ANTELOPE , Antilopus. Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile . Nat . Ord.
    ANTEMBALLOMENOS, Succedaneum. Compositæ Corymbiferæ , Sex. Syst. Syngene .
    ANTEM'BASIS, from arti, mutually, and sia Superflua, (F) Maroute, Camomille fétide.
    que B2000 , ' I enter.' Mu'tuus ingres'sus. The This plant has a very disagreeable smell ; and
    mutual reception of bonez . -Galen . the leaves have a strong, acrid, bitterish taste.
    ANTEMÈTIC , Antiemetic. It is reputed to have been useful in hysterical
    ANTENDEIXIS , Counter-indication . affections
    ANTHEMIS NOBILIS 51 ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC

    AN'THEMIS No'Bilis, Chamæmelum , Cha-| suffered to evaporate, until neither froth nor
    mema'lum Nobile, Chamomilla Roma'na , Eu- effervescence occurs, and the liquid presents a
    an'themon, An'themis, Chamamelum odora'tum , smooth surfacelike oil. To this, levigated coal
    Leucanthemum , Matrica'ria, artereid , artides, is added in the proportion of 160 grammes to 192
    ( F ) Camomille Romaine. The leaves and grammes of potassa . The mixture is stirred ,
    Howers have a strong smell , and bitter, nau. and removed from the fire , and the stirring is
    seous taste . The flowers are chiefly used . continued, until a black homogeneous powder
    They possess tonic and stomachic properties, results. A sulphuretted anthrakokali is made by
    and are much given as a pleasant and cheap mixing accurately 16 grammes of sulphur with
    bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce the coal , and dissolving the mixture in the potas
    or to assist vomiting. Externally, they are of. sa as directed above. The dose of the simple and
    ten used in fomentations. sulphuretted preparations is about two grains
    The O'LEUM ANTHEM'Idis possesses the aro- three times a day .
    matic properties of the plant,but not the bitter
    ANTHRAX , An'trar, Carbo, Rubinus verus,
    and tonic. Consequently , the “ Chamomile Codesella, Erythe'ma gangreno'sum , Grantris'.
    Drops,' as sold by the druggists, must be devoid tum , Pruna, Persicus Ignis, Granatris'tum ,
    of thelatter qualities. They are made by add- Phyma anthrax, Erythe'ma anthrar, Carbun'cu
    ing Ol. anthem . 3j . to Sp. vini rectif. Ibj. lus, Anthroco'sia, Anthrocoma, Absces'sus gan
    AN'TheMIS PYRE'THRUM, Pyrethrum , Pyre- grenascens, A. gangræno'sus, Furun'culus ma
    thrumrerum ,Buphthalmumcreticum, Denta'- lig'nus, F. gangrænosus, Carbuncle, (F ) Char.
    ria, Herba saliva'ris, Pes Alexandri'nus, Span - bon. An inflammation ,essentially gangrenous,
    ish Chamomile,Pellitory of Spain , ( F) Pyrélhre, of thecellular membrane and skin , which may
    Racine salidaire, Pied d'Alexandre. The rooi arise from an internal or external cause. In
    is hot and acrid ; its acrimony residing in a re- the latter case it is called by the French patho
    sinous principle. It is never used except as a logists, Pustule maligne, Anthra'cion, Bouton
    masticatory in toothache, rheumatism of the d'Alep , and is characterized at the outset by a
    face, paralysis of the tongue, &c. It acts as a vesication or bleb filled with a sero -sanguino
    powerful sialagogue. lent fluid , under which a small induration is
    AN'THEMIS
    Dyer's TINCTO'rta,
    Chamomile. Buphthalmi
    A European plant. Herba, formed ,becomes
    Has a which surroundedgangrenous.
    by an areolar inflammation,
    It has been
    biiter and astringent taste, and has been re- thought by some to be induced altogether by
    garded stomachic and vulnerary, (F) Camo- contact with the matter of the carbuncle of ani
    milledes Teinturiers, Eil de Bauf. mals, or of the exuviæ of bodies of such as had
    ANTHE'RA, avangt. A remedy com- died with the disease. But it is now known to
    pounded of several substances, myrrh , sanda- arise primarily in the human subject.
    rac, alum , saffron , &c. It was used under the Anthrax is a malignant boil , and its treat
    form of liniment, collyrium , electuary, and ment is similar to that which is required in
    powder. - Celsus, Galen . cases of gangrene attacking a part.
    ANTHEREON , Mentum . ANTHROPE , Cutis.
    ANTHORA VULGARIS , Aconitum an ANTHROPOCHYMY,Chymistry (human .)
    thora . ANTHROPOGE'NIA , from ανθρωπος ,
    ANTHOS: see Rosmarinus—a. Sylvestris , ' man , and persons, ' generation .' Knowledge
    Ledum sylvestre . or study of human generation.
    ANTHRA'CIA, from arogat, ' coal.' Car. ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anthropologia, from
    bun'cular Exan'them . An eruption of tumours, av $gư70s, ' man ,' and 10gos, ' a discourse.' A
    imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges treatise on man . By some, this word is used
    and , for the most part, a sordid and sanious core. for the science of the structure and functions
    A genus in the order Ecanthematica; class He- of the human body: Frequently , it is employed
    matica ofGood,and including Plague and Yaws. synonymously with , - Nutural History, and
    ANTHRACIA, Anthracosis—a. Pestis, Plague Physiology ÅNTHROPOMA ofman. NCY, Anthrop
    -a. Rubula , Frambæsia . omanti'a ,
    ANTHRACION , see Anthrax . from ardgW705, ' a man , ' and navtile, ' divina
    ANTHRACOID , Anthraco'des, from av 1988,tion.' , Divination by inspecting the entrails of
    ' coal,' and endos, resemblance , ' ( F ) Charbon- a dead man .
    neur . That which is black as a coal . That ANTHROPOM'ETRY , from artgeotros, ' a
    which is accompanied by , or resembles anthrax. man ,' and yetgor , ' measure .' An acquaintance
    ANTHROCOMA , Anthrax. with the dimensions of the different parts of
    ANTHRACOSIA , Anthrax .
    ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia , Carbo Palpe hrhROPPH’AGUS, from avgatos, ka
    bra'rum , from argent , ' a coal.'A species of man,' and organ, ' I eat. ' A name given to one
    carbuncle , which attacks the eyelids and globe who eats his own species.
    of the eye.-Paulus of Ægina. Also carbuncle ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropophe 'gia ,
    in general. It has been used recently for the same etymon. The custom of eating human
    black lung of coal miners. flesh . A disease in which there is a desire to
    ANTHRAKOK'ALI , from aropag, ' coal,' and eat it .
    kali, “ potassa ,' an article recently introduced as ANTHROPOSCOPIA , Physiognomy.
    a remedy in cutaneous diseases. It is formed by ANTHROPOTOMY , Andranatomia .
    dissolving carbonate of potassa in 10 or 12 parts ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnoticus, from
    of boiling water, and adding as much slacked WT1, ' against,' and UT VOTINOS, * stupefying .' A
    lime as will separate the potassa. The filtered remedy for stupor .
    liquor is placed on the fire in an iron vessel, and ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Anthypochon
    ANTHYSTERIC 52 ANTI- ICTERIC

    dri'acus, from arti, ' against,' and uToxordere- A periodical phenomenon recurring at progres
    xos, 'hypochondriac.' A remedy for hypo- sively shorter intervals . An anticipating inter
    chondriasis . mittent is one in which the intervals between
    ANTHYSTER'IC , Antihyster'ic, Antihyster'- the paroxysms become progressively less .
    icus, from artı,“ against ,' and votege , ' the ute- ANTIČNEMION , Shin .
    rus . A remedy for hysteria. ANTICEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
    ANTI , avto, as a prefix, in composition , gene- ANTICOL'IC, Anticol'icus, from AVTI ,
    rally means opposition .'
    6
    against,' and xw11xos , ' the colic . ' That which
    ANTIADES, Tonsils. is opposed to colic.
    ANTIA DITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. ANTICUS, Anterior.
    ANTIADON'CUS, from artiades, ' theton- ANTIDARTREUX , Antiherpetic .
    sils,' and ogxos, ' tumour.' A swelling of the ANTIDIARRHE’IC , Anti- diarrha'icus. A
    tonsils.-Swediaur. Anti'ager has a similar remedy for diarrhea. Opposed to diarrhæa.
    meaning. ANTIDINIC , Antidin'icus, from αντι ,
    ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC , Antiapoplecticus, ' against,' and drvos, ' vertigo.' Opposed to
    from arti,' against,'and ( Tongis , apoplexy .' vertigo .
    A remedy for apoplexy. ANTIDOTA'RIUM , from arTISOTON, ' an an
    ANTIÁRIS TOXICARIA . See Upas. tidote .' A Dispensatory. A l'harmacopeia or
    ANTIARTHRITIC , Antarthrit'ic, Intiar. Formulary, a Dispensatory, (q . v. )
    thrit'icus, Antipodagric, from arti, against,' AN'TIDOTE.Antid'otum , from arti, 'against,'
    and ag getis, the gout,’ (F) Antigoutteur. A and Sedar deb, I give .' Originally this word sig
    remedy for gout . nified an internal remedy. It is now used sy
    ANYIASTHMATIC , Antiasthmat'icus, from nonymously with counter-poison, and signifies
    GYTI, ' against,' and do buce, asthma. ' A reme- any remedy capable of combating the effect of
    dy for asthma. poisons, by decomposing them.
    ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic . ANTIDOTUM MITĂRIDATICUM , Mith
    ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrachiulis. That ridate.
    which concerns the fore -arm . Bichat. J. Clo- ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS , Enneaphar
    quet suggests that the word should be written macos.
    ANTIDYNOUS , Anodyne.
    antebrachial from ante, ' before ,' and brachium ,
    ANTIDYSENTER'IC , Anti-dysentericus,
    the arm :'-as antebrachial region , antebrachial
    aponeurosis, &c. from ayti , against,' sus, '' with difficulty ,' and
    The ANTEBRACHIAL APONEURO'sis , (F) Apo- ertegov, “ intestine. Opposed to dysentery .
    névrose , antebrachiale, is a portion of the aponeu ANTIEMETIC or ANTEMÉTIC , Anti
    rotic sheath which envelops the whole of the emet'icus, from arti, against,' and opetixos,
    upper limb. It arises from the brachial a poneu- ' emetic.' A remedy for vomiting:
    rosis , from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEPHIAL/ TIC,
    the biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epi. Antiephial'ticus, from axto , ' against, ' and epo
    trochlea, and , behind , from the tendon of the earns , ' nightmare .' A remedy for nightmare.
    triceps brachialis. Within, it is inserted into ANTIEPILEP'TIC or AŇTEPILEP'TIC,
    the cubitus, &c.; and, below , is confounded Antiepilep'ticus, from arti, against,' and i
    with the two annular ligaments of the carpus. antid , epilepsy.' A remedy for epilepsy.
    ANTIFEBRILIS , Febrifuge .
    It is covered by the skin , by veins, lymphatics,
    and by filaments of superficial nerves; covers ANTIGALACTIC , Antigalacticus, Antilac'
    the muscles of the fore -arm , adheres to them , teus , from artb , “ against,' and gain , milk . '
    and sends between them several fibrous septa, (F ) Antilaiteur. Opposed to the secretion of
    which serve them for points of insertion . milk , or to diseases caused by the milk .
    ANTICACHEC'TIC , Anti -cachec'ticus, Anti- ANTIG’ONI COLLYRIUM NIGRUM ,
    cacochym'ic, from arti, ' against,' and xoxofre, Black collyrium of Antig'onus. It was com
    cachexy.' A remedy against cachexy. posed of cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris ,
    ANTICACOCHYŇIC , Anticachectic. gum arabic, and water.
    ANTICANCROSUS , Anticancerous. ANTIHEC'TIC , Antithec'ticus, from arti,
    ANTICANCEROUS , Anti-cancerosus, An- ' against,' and iços, ' habit of body .' The Anti
    ti -cancro'sus, Anti-carcinom'atous, from ayti , hecticum Pote'ri is the white oxsd ofantimo
    against,' and xagrowwe se , ' cancer,' carcinoma.' ny: also called Diaphoreticum Joria'le.
    Opposed to cancer. ANTIHELMIN TICUS, Anthelmintic.
    ANTICARDIUM , Fossette du cæur, Scrobi. ANTIHEMORRHOID'AL, Antihæmorrhoi
    culus cordis. da'lis, from arti, against ,' and stilleoggoides ,
    ANTICARCINOMATOUS, Anticancerous. 'hemorrhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids.
    ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'lis , from ANTIHERPETVIC ,Antiherpet'icus from arti ,
    arts,' against,' and sataggos, catarrh . A re- treur.
    medy for catarrh .
    ' against,' and igns,
    A remedy herpes.'
    for herpes . ( F) Antidar
    ANTICAUSOD’IC , Anti-causotic, Anti-cau- ANTIHYDROPHOB’IC ,An'tihydrophob'icus,
    sodicus, from arti, against,' and touros , a Antilys'sus, from arol, against,' üdwes, ' water,
    burning fever.' A remedy for Causus or in- and poßos, dread .' A remedy for hydrophobia.
    flammatory fever. Jünken speaks of a Syru'. ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antihydrop'icus, from
    pus Anticausoticus. AUTO, against, ' and udgeot ,' dropsy. ' A reme
    ANTICAUSOTIC , Anticausodic . dy for dropsy .
    ANTICHEIR , Pollex . See Digitus. ANTIHYSTERIC , Antihysteric.
    ANTICHOLERICA , Sophora heptaphylla. ANTI-ICTERIC , from arti, ' against,' and
    ANTICIPATING , Antic'ipans,Prolepi'icus.' oxtogos, jaundice .' ' A remedy for jaundice.
    ANTI-IMPETIGENES, &c. 53 ANTIMONIUM MURIATUM

    ANTI-IMPETIGENES , SOLOMON'S . See , cum-a. Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum


    Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. -a . Murias, Antimonium muriatum-a. Oleum ,
    ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic. Antimonium muriatum - a . Oxydulum hydro
    ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic . sulphuratum aurantiacum , Antimonii sulphure
    ANTILEP'SIS, Apprehen'sio ,from arTIA 24 - tum præcipitatum — a. Oxydum , Algaroth — a.
    Bara, I take hold of. The mode of attaching Oxydum auratum , Antimonii sulphuratum
    a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it præcipitatum - a. Oxidum nitro-muriaticum ,
    upon the sound parts. - Hippocrates. The Algaroth-Oxydum cum sulphure vitrifactum ,
    mode of securing bandages , & c .from slipping. Antimonii vitrum — a. Oxydum sulphuretum
    ANTILITH'ICS, Antilith'ica, from &vti, vitrifactum , Antimonii vitrum - a . Regulus
    against,' and whos, ' a stone.' A substance medicinalis, Antimonium medicinale-a. Sal.
    that prevents the formation of calculi in the Antimonium tartarizatum-a. Sulphur aura
    urinary organs. tum , Antimonii sulphuretum præcipitatum — a.
    The chief antilithics — according as the calculi Sulphur præcipitatum , Antimonii sulphuretum
    are lithic acid or phosphatic - are alkalies or præcipitatum - a. Sulphuretum , Antimonium
    acids ; with revellents, especially change of -a. Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum - a. Tar
    air ; tonics , especially the diosma crenata, (? ) tras et Potassæ , Antimonium tartarizatum - a.
    and uva ursi. (? ) Vitrum hyacynthinum , Antimonii vitrum .
    ANTILLY , MINERAL WATERS OF. A ANTIMO'NII SULPHURE'TUM PRÆCIPITA'TUM,
    celebrated French medicinal spring, near Sulphur antimonid'tum , Hydrosulphure'tum sti
    Méaux in France. The waters have not been biosum cum sulphure, Oro'des stilii sulphurd'
    analyzed ; but astonishing and chimerical ef- tum , Oryd'ulum antimo'nii hydrosulphura'tum
    fects have been ascribed to them. aurantiacum , Or'ydum aurd tum antimo'nü , Sul
    of ANTILOBIUM , Tragus, phure'tum stil'üï oxydulati, Hydro -sulfure'tum
    ANTILOIMIC, Antiloi'micus, Antipestilen- lu'teum oz'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sulphur antimo'
    ith tid'lis, from with, against,' and acopios, ' the ni præcipitu'tum , Sulphur aurd'tum antimo'nii,
    plague.' A remedy for the plague . Golden Sulphur Antimony.
    of
    har The Antimonii Sulphure'tum Præcipitatum ,
    ANTIL /OPUS. ' The An'telope. (F) Gazelle.
    An African animal, whose hoofs and horns (F) Soufre doré d'Antimoine, of the London
    were formerly given in hysteric and epileptic Pharmacopeia is nearly the same as the old
    cases. Kermes Mineral. powder
    It is a orange
    of an
    and
    ANTILYSSUS , Antihydrophobic . colour, and of a metallic, styptic taste . It is
    ANTIMELANCHOL'IC ,Antimelancholicus, emetic, diaphoretic ,and cathartic, according to
    tabi from anti, against,' and money xonix , " melan. the dose, and has been chiefly used in chro
    choly . ' A remedy for melancholy . nic rheumatism and in cutaneous affections .
    z :: ANTIMOINE, Antimonium - a. Beurre d ', Dose , gr. j to gr. iv.
    ric Antimonium muriatum-a. Chlorure d ' , Anti- ANTIMO'NTI SULPHURE'TUM RUBRUM , Red
    monium muriatum-a. Oride blanc d' , Antimo- Sulphuret of An'timony,Hydrosulfure'tum stil'ii
    are .
    nium diaphoreticum - a. Soufre doré' d' , Anti- rubrum , Sub-hydrosul'fas stibii, Hydrosulphurd
    TIC monii sulphuretum præcipitatum - a. Sulfuré, tum rubrum stibii sulphura'ti, Pulvis Carthu
    hydrosulphure rouge d', Antimonii sulphuretum rouge
    rubrum-a. Verre d ', Antimonii vitrum .
    siano'rum , Kermes mineral. (F) Hydrosulfure
    d'Antimoine sulfuré, Vermillon de Pro
    ANTIMONIAL, Antimonia'lis, Stibia'lis, vence. Properties the same as the last. Dose,
    from Antimonium ,' antimony.' A composition gr. j to gr . iv.
    lad into which antimony enters . A preparation of ANTIMO'NII VITRUM , Glass of Antimony, An
    lik ' antimony. timo'nii ox'ydum sulphure'tum vitrifac'tum ,
    a of The Antimoʻsia Powder, Pulvis antimo- Or'ydum stib'iisemivit reum ,Antimonium vitri
    ' M,
    nia'lis, Oridum antimo'nii cum phos'phatecalcis, fac'tum, Ox'idum antimonii cum sulphure vitri
    Phosphas calcis stibia'tus, P. Calcicum stibid -Fac'tum , Vitrum stitii, Antimo'ni vitrum hyacin'.
    tum , PulvisJame'sii, Pulvis stibia'tus, Pulvis de thinum , Oxyd’ulum stil'ii vitreatum. (F) Verre
    Iris, phosphate calcis et stib'ii compos'itus, Foclitious d' Antimoine. (Formed by roasting powdered
    James's Powder, SCHWANBERG's Fever Powder , common antimony in a shallow vessel over a
    CHErEvix's Antimonial Powder. (F) Poudré gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
    late antimoniale composée ou de James. A peroxide emits no fumes in a red heat ; then melting it,
    ulu
    of antimony combined with phosphate of lime. in a quick fire, into a clean, brownish-red
    ( Take of common sulphurei of antimony, thj; glass.) It is used for preparing the tartarized
    hartshorn shadings, tbij. Roasť in an iron pot, antimony and antimonial wine.
    until they form a gray powder. Put this into ANTIMONIOUS ACID , Antimonium dia
    a long pot, with a small hole in the cover. phoreticum .
    Keep it in a red heat for two hours, and grind ANTIMO'NIUM , from arti , ' against,' and
    to a fine powder.) This preparation has long novos, ' alone : ' i. e. not found alone : or accord
    dar
    been esteemed as a febrifuge: but it is extremely ing to others, from ayti , “ against,' and moine,
    uncertain in its action. The ordinary dose is a monk :' because , it is asserted, certain monks
    ( HS, 6 or 8 grains . suffered much from it. Stibi, Stibium , Reg'u
    ter, ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM , Antimo- lus Antimonii, Minera'lium , Gynæce'um , Mag.
    bia. nium muriatum. ne'sia Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'bea, Platyoph
    rom ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR , Antimonii thalmon, Stim'mi, Aurum lepro'sum , Common
    me sulphuretum præcipitatum - a. Tartar, Antimo- Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, Antimo'nium
    nium tartarizatum . crudum , Antimonii sulphure'tum , Sulphure tum
    ANTIMONII BUTYRUM, Antimonium stiţii nigrum . (F ) Antimoine. The sulphuret
    and muriatum—a. Cals , Antimonium diaphoreti- of antimony is the ore from which all the pre
    ANTIMONIUM SALITUM 54 ANTIPHARMACON

    parations of antimony are formed . When pre- muriatum - a. Chloride of, Antimonium muria
    pared for medical use , by trituration and levi- tum-a. Chloruret of, Antimonium muriatum
    gation , it forms a powder of a black , or bluish a. Deutoxide of,Antimonium diaphoreticum-a.
    gray colour, which is insoluble . It is slightly Glass of, Antimonii vitrum-a. Golden sulphur
    diaphoretic and alterative ,and has been used in of, Antimonii sulphuretum præcipitatum-a.
    chronic rheumatism , cutaneous diseases , &c. Medicinal, regulus of, Antimonium medicinale
    ANTIMONIUM CALCINATUM , Antimonium dia- --a . Muriate of, Antimonium muriatum - a.
    phoreticum . Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum - a.
    ANTIMO'NIUM DIAPHORETICUM , Diaphoret'ic Submuriate of protoxide of, Algaroth - a . Sul
    Antimony, Antimo'niousAcid , Mineral Bez'ourd, phuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
    Antimonium Calcina'tum , Mineral Diaphoretic, -a. Tartarized , Antimonium tartarizatum - a .
    Matière perlée de KERKRING , Peroxide of Anti- Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoliatum .
    mony , Calx Antimonii, Antimonium diaphoret'- ANTINEPHRITIC , Antinephret'ic, Antine
    icum lotum , Cerus'sa Antimo'nii calı, Antimo'nii phreticus, from arti," against,'and reogitis, 'ne
    elo'ta, Oxodes stibii album , Ox'idum stibio'sum , phritis. A remedy forinflammation or pain of
    Deutoride of Antimony,Or'idum stib'iialbum me- the kidney.
    dian'te nitro confectum . ( F) Oxide blanc d'Anti- ANTIN EUROPATHIC , Nervine.
    moine préparé par le moyen du nitre. ( Common ANTINEUROTIC , Nervine .
    antimony, lbj; purified nitre, Ibiij.— Throw it by ANTIOCHI HIERA . A preparation ex
    spoonfuls into a red -hot crucible; powder and tolled by the ancients in melancholy , hydro
    wash. The flowers that stick to the side of the phobia, epilepsy, &c . It was formed of ger.
    crucible must be carefully separated, otherwise mander, agaric , pulp of colocynth , Arabian
    they render it emetic. Dose, gr. x to xxx. stechas , opoponax , sagapenum , parsley, aristo
    ANTIMO'NIUM MEDICINA'LĒ, Regulus Anti- lochia, white pepper, cinnamon, lavender,
    mo'nii Medicind'lis, Medicinal Regʻulus of Anti- myrrh, honey , & c .
    mony. ( Common Antimony, Zv, Kali ppt. Zi , Anti'ochi THERIACA . A theriac employed
    Soda muriat. Ziv. Powder, mix , and melt. by Antiochus against every kind of poison.
    When cold , separate the scoriæ at top , powder It was composed of thyme, opoponax , millet,
    the mass, and wash it well . ) It is conceived to trefoil, fennel, aniseed ,nigella sativa, &c .
    be more active than common antimony . ANTIODONTAL/GIC , Antodontal'gic, Ant
    AntiMO'NIUM MURI'TUM , Antimo'nü Mu'- odontal'gicus, Odontalgic , Odont'ic, Antiodon
    rias, Chlor'uret of Antimôny, eloruretum talgicus, from arti, ' against,' and odortanges,
    stib'ii, Spuma trium draco'num , Deuto-mu'rius toothache.
    ' A remedy for toothache.
    stiVii sublima'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate ANTIORGAS'TIC , Antiorgas'ticus, from
    of Antimony, Chloride of Antimony, Butyrum arti,, ' against,' and oggaw, I desire vehe
    Antimonii, Oleum Antimo'nii, Butyrum stitii, mently .' A remedy for orgasm or erethism ,
    Caus'ticum antimoniale ; Antimonium sali'tum . and for irritation in general.
    (F) Chlorure d'Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine. ANTIPARALYTIC , Antiparalyticus, from
    ( Common antimony and corrosive sublimate, art!, 'against,' and aroganuses, palsy .' Op
    of each equal parts: grind together, and distil posed to palsy.'
    in a wide - necked retort, and let the butyraceous ANTIPATHI'A , from arti, " against ,' and
    matter that comes over, run , in a moist place, nabos, passion , affection. Aversion. A na
    to a liquid oil.) A caustic , but not much used tural repugnance for any person or thing.
    as such . Sometimes taken as poison. ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus. ( F ) Anti
    ANTIMONIUM Salitum , Antimonium muria- pathique. Belonging to antipathy:. Opposite,
    tum . contrary ;' as · Humeurs Antipathiques. Hu.
    AntimO'NIUM TARTARIZA'TUM , Tartris Anti- mours opposed to each other ; also, palliative,
    monii, Tartar Antimonid'tum, Sal Antimonii, (q. v.)
    Tartras Potas'se stibio'sus seu stibia'lis, Tartris ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA, Theriac of An
    liridiæ stibidlus,Deuto-tartras potas'sæ et stil'ii, TIPATER. A farrago of more than 40 articles :
    Tartarized Antimony, Emetic Tartar, Tartar used as an antidote againstthe bites of serpents.
    Emetic. ( F ) Tartre stibié, Turtre Émétique, Émé- ANTIPERISTAL TIC , Antiperistať ticus,
    tique. In some parts of the United States, vul- Antivermic'ular, from arti, ' against,' and trigir
    garly and improperly called Tartar: l'ar'tarus Teada, ' I contract.' An inverted action of the
    emei'icus, Tartarum emet'icum , Turtras antimo' intestinal tube .
    nii, Tartras Antimo'nii et Potusse . (Gloss of ANTIPERIS'TASIS, from arti, against,'
    Antimony, Cream of Tartar, each lbj;water, one and 74810TIOy, reunion, aggregation .' A
    gallon. Boil, filter, and crystallize. — Ph. L. union of opposite circumstances: the action of
    1824.) two contrary qualities , one of which augments
    Tartarized antimony is emetic , sometimes the force of the other.
    cathartic and diaphoretic. Externally , it is The Peripateticians asserted, that it is by
    rubefacient. Dose , as an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv. Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter than
    in solution :-as a diaphoretic, gr. one sixteenth in summer. Theophrastus attributes the cause,
    to gr. one-quarter. which renders men more vigorous , and makes
    The empirical preparation, called Norris's them digest more readily in winter, to the aug
    Drops, consists of a solution of tartarized anti- mentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
    mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi- ANTIPERTUSSIS , see Zinci sulphas.
    tion of some vegetable colouring matter. ANTIPESTILENTIALIS , Antiloimic.
    ANTIMONIUM VITRIFACTUM, Antimonii vi. ANTIPHAR'MACON , from arti , ' against,'
    trum . and orgudxov, poison .' A counter-poison.
    ANTIMONY , BUTTER OF , Antimonium ' An antidote.- Dioscorides .
    ANTIPHARMACUS 55 ANUS

    ANTIPHARMACUS , Alexipharmic. Olea Essentialia, Oleum Animale Dippelii, Pe


    ANTIPHLOGISTIC ,Antiphlogis ticus,from troleum , Sagapenum, Spiritus Ætheris Nitrici ,
    arth, ' against,' and on67a , ' I burn .'' Opposed Succinum , Valeriana - with the mental anti
    to inflammation ; —as Antiphlogistic remedies, spasmodics,
    fear, & c .
    abstraction , powerful einotions,
    A. regimen , & c .
    ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL , Antiphthis'icus, from Of direct antispasmodics, we have not an
    GYT!, ' against,' and ofcois, ' consumption . Op- example .
    posed to phthisis. ANTISPASTIC , Derivative.
    ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives . ANTISTERIG'MA, from arti, against,'
    ANTIPHYS’ICAL, Antiphysicus, from arti , and oingizude, a support.' A fulcrum , sup
    against,' and quota, " I blow. An expeller of port, crutch . - Hippocrates.
    wind : a carminative, (q . v.) ANTISTER'NUM , from arti, ' against,' and
    It has also been used for any thing preter- stepror ,' the sternum .' The back . - Rufus.
    natural; here , the derivation is from anto , ANTISTRUMOSUS, Antiscrofulous.
    " against,' and AUSIS , nature .' The French ANTISYPHILITIC , Antisyphiliticus, Anti
    sometimes say, ·Un goût antiphisique.' syphilit'ic, from anto, - against, and syphilis,
    ANTIPLEURIT’IC, Antipleureticus, Anti- * the vene real disease.' Öpposed to the vene
    pleuret'ic, from arti , ' against,' and aikupitis, real disease .
    pleurisy .' Opposed to pleurisy . ANTITASIS , Counter -extension .
    ANTIPODAGRIC , Antiarthritic. ANTITHENAR, Opponens pollicis--a. Me
    ANTIPRAXIS, from arti, against,' and tatarso -sub-phalangæus pollicis,Adductor pol
    agoon , 'I act.' A contrary state of different licis pedis .
    parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of ANTITHORA , Aconitum anthora .
    heat in one organ , and diminution in another. ANTITRAG'ICUS, or ANTITRAGEUS,
    ANTIPSOR'IC, Antipso'ricus, from arti, ( F) Muscle de l'Antitragus, M.antitragien . - Ch.
    against,' and Yoga, 'the itch .'' (F) Antiga- isBelonging to the Antitragus. A small muscle
    so called, the existence of which is not con
    leuz. Opposed to the itch .
    ANTIPUTRID , Antiseptic. stant. It occupies the space between the anti
    ANTIPY'IC , Antipy/icus, from arti, 'against,' | tragus and anthelix.
    and auov , ' pus.' Opposed to suppuration. ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus.
    ANTIPYRETIC , Antipyreticus, from arti, ANTITYRAGUS , from ayti, opposite to ,'
    ‘against,'and Tugitos, ‘fever.' A febrifuge ,(q.v.) and 72470s, the tragus.' A conical eminence
    ANTIPYROTIC the pavilionof, the
    ,Antipyroticus, from arti,onANTITYP'IA ear, opposite the tragus .
    against,' and true, ' fire.' Opposed to burns. from anti, against,' and
    ANTIQUARTĂ NA'RIUM,Antiquar'ticum. TUTTQ, 'I strike.' Resistance. Hardness.
    A remedy formerly used against quartan fever. ANTIVENE'REAL , Antivene'reus, from arti,
    ANTIRACHITVIC, intirachiticus, from “ against,' and Venus, " Venus.' The same as
    AYTI, .against, and 'rachitis. Opposed to ra - Antisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synony.
    chitis , or rickets. mously with Antaphrodisiac .
    ANTIRHINUM LINA'RIA , Lina'ria , Osy ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic.
    ris, Urina'ria, Common Toad Flar. (F ) Li ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
    naire. The leaves have a bitterish taste. They ANTODONTALGIC , Antiodontalgic.
    are reputed to be diuretic and cathartic . An ANTODYNUS , Anodyne .
    ointment made from them has been extolled in ANTRAX , Anthrax .
    hemorrhoids. ANTRE, Antrum-a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum
    The AntiRRHI'Num Elat’INE, Elati'ne, Flu- of Highmore.
    ellen or Female Speedwell, was formerly used ANTRUM . ' A cavern , ' Catern'a (q. v .) Bar ' .
    against scurvy and old ulcerations. athrum, ( F) Antre. A name given to certain cavi.
    ANTISCOLICUS , Anthelmintic. ties in bones , the entrance to which is smaller
    ANTISCORBU'TIC , Antiscorbu'ticus, from than the bottom .
    arti, against,' and scorbutus, ' the scurvy.' numANTRUM OF HIGHMORE, Antrum Highmoria '.
    Opposed to scurvy . , Antrum Gence , Antrum marilla're vel max
    ANTISCROF'ULOUS, Antistrumo'sus. Op- jille superioris, Genyan'trum . The Maxillary
    posed to scrofula . Sinus, Sinus gena pituita'rius. (F) Antre
    ANTISEP'TIC, Antisepticus, Antiputrid , d'Hyghmore, Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity
    from arti, against,' and on tos,' putrid Andin the substance ofthe superior maxillary bone
    tiputredino sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The communicating with the middle meatus of the
    chief Antiseptics, internally or externally em nose. It is lined by a prolongation of the
    ployed, are the Acidum Muriaticum , Acidum Schneiderian membrane.
    Nitricum , Acidum Sulphuricum ,Carbo Ligni , ANTRUM Auris, Tympanum - a. Buccino
    Calcis Chloridum , Chlorinum , Cinchona and sum, Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Pylori, see Sto
    its active principles,
    Fermentum Cerevisiæ ,Creasote,
    and SodæDauci Radix,
    Chloridum. mach .
    ANULUS, Fossette .
    ANTISPASIS , Revulsion . ANURIA , Ischuria.
    ANTISPASMÓD'IC , Antispasmod'icus, from ANUS , Podex, Poter, Molynē, Cath'edra,
    ANTI, ' against,' and onam, I contract. Op- Cyr'ceon , Cys'saros, Cysthos, Hedra, Proctos,
    posed to spasm . Archos, Sedes, Culus. The circular opening
    The whole operation is probably revulsive. situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum ,
    The following are the chief reputed anti- by which the excrement is expelled. The fun
    spasmodics. Æther Sulphuricus, Asafætida, dament. The seat. The body.
    Castoreum , Dracontium , Galbanum , Moschus, Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
    ANUS 56 APEUTHYSMENOS !
    Aqueduct of Sylvius . By some , this Anus, AORTRA, AORTRON, dogter, dogtgan. A
    called also Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has lobe of the lungs. - Hipp.
    been supposed to form a communication be . APAGʻMA , Apoclus'ma, Apocecaulis menon ,
    tween the back part of the third ventricle and from ano, ó from ,' and age , I remove.' Separa 1

    the lateral ventricles. It is closed up, however, tion, abduction.(9. v. ) Separation of a frac
    by the tela choroidea, and also by the fornix , tured bone . - Galenus, Foësius.
    which is intimately connected to this. The APAGOGE , Inductio .
    foramen is situate between the commissura APALACHINE , Ilex vomitoria - a .à feuilles
    mollis of the optic thalami and the pineal gland. de Prunier, Prinos - a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
    Anus, ARTIFICIAL. An opening made artifici. APAL'LAGE, from aprITTW , I change .'
    ally , in case of the rectuin being wanting, to Mutation, change. It is generally taken in a
    supply the natural anus . The term is often good sense, and means the change from disease
    used to include also the following. to health . - Hippocr.
    Anus, PRETERNATURAL , ( F ) Anus contre nature APALOTICA, from AT UNOTNE, " softness,
    or A. anormal . An accidental opening which tenderness. ' Fortuitous lesions or deformities
    gives issue to the whole or to a part of the affecting the soft parts. The first Order in the
    fæces. It may be owing to a wound , or, which Class Tychica, of Good.
    is most common, to gangrene attacking the APANTHIS'MUS, from ano , from ,' and
    intestine in a hernial sac . a769e , ' I flower.' The obliteration of parts ,
    This term is also employed, as well as Anus previously inservient to useful purposes , as of
    devié , devious anus,to the case where the anus, the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus,
    instead of being in its natural situation , is in which are essential to fætal existence ,but are
    some neighbouring cavity , as the bladder, va- subsequently unnecessary. See , also , Stuprum .
    gina , & c . APANTÁROʻPIA , from ano , from, ' and
    Anus, IMPERFORATE. A malformation in which ar386705 ,'man .' Detestation of man ; desire
    See
    there is no natural anus . Imperforation . for solitude.- Hippocrates. One of the symp
    Anus , CONTRACTED, (F) Anus rétréci. A state toms of hypochondriasis.
    of the anus when, from some cause , it is con- APAPÍRISMOS, Despumation.
    stricted . APARACHỦYTUM VINUM , from a priv.
    ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anrietude, Adamo- and Auparque , “ I pour over.' The purest wine :
    nia, Dyspho'ria anri'etas, Alys'mus, Alyce, that which has not been mixed with sea-water.
    Alysis , Asē. A state of restlessness and agita- | -Galen .
    tion, with general indisposition, and a distress- APARINE , Galium aparine .
    ing sense of oppression at the epigastrium . Al’ARTHROSIS , Diarthrosis.
    Inquietude, anxiety, and anguish, represent de- AP'ATHY , Apathi'a, from a priv. and re
    grees of the same condition . Jos, 'affection.' ( F ) Apathie. Accidental sus
    AOCHLE'SIA , from a priv. and 04105, ' dis. pension of the moral feelings. It takes place
    turbance ,'. Tranquillity . Calmness. in very severe diseases, particularly in malig
    AORTA , Arte'ria magna, A. crassa , A. mari- nant févers.
    ma . ( F) Aorte . This name was given by Aris- APECHE'MA , from ano , ' from ,' and zos,
    totle to the chief artery of the body. It may sound .' Properly the action of reflecting
    have been derived from dog taonas, I am sus- sound . In Medicine, it is synonymous with
    pended ,' as it seems to be suspended from the Latin Contrafissu'ra. A counter-fissure, a
    the heart : or from ang , ' air ,' and ongea , I counter- blow . — Gorræus, Celsus.
    keep ,' because it was supposed to contain APECTOCEPHALUS , Acephalothorus.from
    air . It is probable, that Hippocrates meant APEL'LA or APPEL'LA , Leipodermos,
    by dostos, the bronchia and their ramifica- a priv. and pellis, 6skin .' One whose prepuce
    tions. The Aorta is the common trunk of the does not cover the glans.—Galenus, Linnæus,
    arteries of the body . It arises from the left Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any other
    appendage. - Sagar.
    ventricle of the heart, about opposite the fifth soft
    dorsal vertebra , passes upwards (ascending APEPSIA , Dyspepsia.
    Aorta) , forms the great arch of the Aorta , and APERIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'ous, from
    descends along the left of the spine (descending aperire, to open .' A larative, (q. v . ) (F ),Apé
    Aorta ), until it reaches the middle of the fourth ritif. Á medicine which gently opens the bow
    or fifth lumbar vertebra , where it bifurcates, to els. The term had, formerly , a much more ex
    give origin to the common iliacs . The Aorta tensive signification, and was given to every
    is sometimes divided into the Thoracic or pec . substance supposed to have the power of open .
    toral, and the Abdominal. For the arteries ing any of the passages, and even the blood
    which arise from it, &c ., see Artery. vessels.
    AORTEURYSMA , from aosta , ' the aorta ,' APERISTATON , Aperis'tatum , from a pri
    and sugus,,'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta. vative, and regionais,' I surround . An epi
    By carefully ausculting over the dorsal verte. thet for an dangerous
    ulcer not or considerable ,
    bræ , a bellows' sound, with a deep and not al. or surrounded by inflammation.
    ways perceptible impulse ,may be detected. APÉRITIF, A perient.
    ẢOR'TIC , Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta. APERITIVUS, Aperient.
    The Aortic ventricle, ( F ) Ventricle cortique, is APERTOR OCULI , Levator palpebræ supe
    the left ventricle . The Aortic valves are the rioris.
    sigmoid valves at the origin of the Aorta, &c. APERTO'RIUM , from aperio, ' I open .' An
    AORTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Aor'tæ , from Aorta instrument for dilating the os uteri during la
    and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation bour.
    of the aorta . APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum .
    APEX 57 APOCATHARSIS

    APEX. The point or extremity of a part :- APHTHÆ or APHTÆ, Apthæ , from an TU ,


    :
    as the apex of the tongue , nose, &c . I inflame.' The Thrush or sore mouth . Aph
    APHÆRESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. tha lactu'cimen , Em 'phlysis aphtha, Ulcera ser
    APHASSOM'ENOS, from a 400w, 'I touch, pen'tia Oris, Pus'tula oris, Febris aphtho'sa,
    I feel.' The touching of the parts of generation Angina aphtho'sa, Vesic'ula gingiva'rum , Ty
    of the female as a means of diagnosis. - Hip- phus aphthoideus Follicular Siomati'tis. It
    pocr . See Esaphe. consists of roundish , pearl -coloured vesicles,
    APHELIA, aorans, simple.' Simplicity. confined to the lips,mouth ,and intestinal canal,
    The simple manners of the sect of Methodists and generally terminating in curd -like sloughs.
    in teaching and practising Medicine. In France, the Aphthæ of children , Aphthes des
    APHELX'IA , from apraxe ,' I abstract.' Vo- enfans, is called Muguet, and Catarrhe buccal:
    luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater and generally receives two divisions — the mild
    part of the external senses to the impressions or discreet, ( F) Muguet bénin ou discret, and the
    of surrounding objects, during wakefulness. malignant. ( F ) Muguet malin ou confluent, the
    Revery , ( F) Reverie. Black Thrush . Common Thrush is a disease of
    Dr. Good has introduced this into his Noso- no consequence, requiring merely the use of ab
    logy , as well as Aphelt'ia socors orabsence of sorbent laxatives. Themalignant variety ,which
    mind - A. intenta or abstraction of mind: and X. is rare , is of a more serious character, and is
    otio'sa, Studium ina'ne, brown study or listless accompanied with typhoid symptoms.
    musing . Aphth # SERPENTES , Cancer aquaticus.
    APÄEPSEMA, Decoction . APHTHES DES ENFANS, Aphthe.
    APHEPSIS , Decoction . APHTHEUX , Aphthous.
    APHESIS , Languor, Remission. APH'THOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F) Aphtheuz.
    APHE'RESISorAPHÆRESIS, from apes Belonging to Aphtha; complicated with Aph
    886 , ' I take away .' An operation by which any tha. As Aphthous Feder.
    part of the body is separated from the other. APIASTRUM , Melissa.
    Hippocrates, according to Foësius, uses the ex- APICES CRURUM MEDULLÆ OBLON
    pression Aphæresis Sunguinis, for excessive he - GATÆ , Corpora striata .
    morrhage; and Sennertus,to express the condi- APILEPSIA , Apoplexy.
    tion of an animal deprived both of the faculties APIOS , Pyrus communis.
    of the mind and of the mind itself. APIS , Bee.
    APH'ESIS, from doinger, ' 1 relax. ' A remis. APITES, LLAITN5, from atsov, ' a pear.' Perry.
    sion . This word expresses sornetimes the di- -Gorræus.
    minution or cessation of a disease ; at others, APIUM GRAV'EOLENS, Apium , Paluda'-
    languor and debility of the lower extremities. pium , Beli'num , Smallage. ( F) Ache. Nat. Ord.
    See Languor and Remission . Umbelliferæ. Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
    APHILAN'THROPY, Aphilanthropia, from The plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and
    a privative , PineCO, ' I love ,' and avaros, ' a carminativé.
    man . ' Dislike to man . Love of solitude. Vogel The Selery is a variety of this.
    has given this name to the first degree of me- Apium PETRÆUM , Bubon Macedonicum.
    lancholy. Apium PETROSELI'NUM , A'pium Horten'se ,
    APHISTESIS, Abscess. Eleoseli'num (? ), Grielum ; the Petroseli'num or
    APHODOS, Excrement. Common Parsley. (F) Persil. The roots and
    APHONIA , Mutitas, Catalepsy - a. Surdo- seeds are diuretic and aperient.
    rum , Mutitas Surdorum. APLESTIA , Ingluvies, Intemperance.
    APHORIA , Sterilitas. APLEU'ROS, from a privative, and Tavugos,
    APHOR'MĒ, apogues, occasion . The ex- 'a rib .' Onewithoutribs.- Hippocrates. Galen.
    ternal and cause
    manifest APLOTYOMY, Aploto'mia ,from an 2005, 'sim
    occasional of acause of -any
    disease. thing . The ple,'
    Hippocrates. and Touvw , ' I cut. ' A simple incision.
    from acopos,
    frothy,' Applied APNEUSTIA, Apnea, Asphyxia.
    ' foam ,' and eidos,cogadins,
    APARODES, resemblance.' to APNE'A , from a privative , and 77vw, ' I re
    the blood and the excrements. -Hippocrates. spire .' Absence of respiration , or insensible
    APHRODISIA , Coition , Puberty . respiration.- Asphyxia, Apneustia : also, Or
    APHRODIS'IAC, Aphrodisiacus, from Aogo- thopnea. (q .v.)
    doty Venus.' ( F ) Aphrodisiaque. Medicine APNESPHYXIA , Asphyxia .
    or food believed to be capable of exciting to the APNUS, απνοος . One devoid of respiration.
    pleasures of love; asginger, cantharides, & c . An epithet applied by authors to casesin which
    They are generally stimulants. the respiration is so small and slow, that it
    APHRODISIACUS, Venereal . seems suspended . - Castelli. It is probable,
    APHRODISIASMUS , Coition . however, that the word was always applied to
    APHRODISIOGRAPHY, from 'A ogedeta , the patient, not to the disease.
    Venus,' and 78206, ' I describe.' Etymolo- APO, ato, a prefix, denoting from , of, off,
    gically , this term means a description of the out. Hence
    pleasures of love, but it has been placed at the APOBAINON , Eventus.
    head of a work describing the venereal disease . APOBESOMENON , Eventus.
    APHROGʻALA , from copos, 'foam ,'and gand, APOBIOSIS , Death .Fumigation .
    APOCAPNMISUS,
    milk.' Lac spumosum . A name formerly given APOCATASTA SIS, Considentia , Restau
    to milk rendered frothy by agitation . ratio.
    APHRONIA , Apoplexy. APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis.
    APHRONITRUM , Soda. APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
    APHROSYNE , Insanity.
    8
    APOCATHARTICUS 58 APOPALLESIS

    APOCECAULISMENON , Apagma, APOLLINAR'IS ALTERCUM , Hyoscya


    APOCENOʻSIS, from ano, ' out,' and xsvævis, mus .
    ' evacuation .' A partial evacuation , according APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia .
    to some, in opposition to Cenosis, which signi- APOLYS'IA or APOL/YSIS , from ATOAVE ,
    fies a general evacuation . - Cullen and Swe- I loosen .' Solution . Relaxation: debility of
    diaur apply it to morbid Auxes. the limbs or looseness of bandages . - Erotian.
    APOCENOSIS, A bevacuatio - a . Diabetes melli- Expulsion of the fætus and its dependencies.
    tus, see Salivation - a . Vomitus pyrosis, Pyrosis . Terinination of a disease . — Hippocrates, Galen .
    APOCHOREON , Excrement. APOMATHEMA or APOMATHE'SIS ,
    APOCHREMPSÍS, Exspuition . from ato, and partava , ' I learn.' Forgetful
    APOCHỦYMA, from a CXW,'I pour out.' ness of things taught.- lippocr.
    A sort of tar, obtained from old ships ; and APOM'ELI, from ano , of,' and porn, ' ho
    which is impregnated with muriate of soda.- ney .' An oxymel ( 9. v.) or decoction made of
    Aëtius , Paulus, Gorræus. honey :-Galen , Aëtius, Paulus, &c .
    APOCIN GÖBE -MOUCHE, Apocynum an. APOMEXIS , Munctio.
    drosæmifolium . APOMYLE'NAS , from arouua ,'I make
    APOCLASMA, Abduction , Apagma. a wry mouth . One who pushes his lips for
    APOC'OPE, from ano , and x0FTEN, ' to cut.' wards, pressing them against each other. Occa
    Abscission , (q . v .) A wound with loss of sub- sionally a optom of uervous fever.- Galen,
    stance. Fracture, with loss of part of the bone. Erotian.
    APOMYTHO'SIS , from AT OMUTOW
    Amputation . , ' I snore .'
    APOCRISIS, Contagion , Excrement, Secre- A disease in which there is Stertor. – Sau .
    tion .
    APOCRUSTICA, Repellents. APONEUROG RAPHY,Aponeurogrđphia,
    APOCYESIS, Parturition . from aroniugw015, an aponeurosis,' and agaon ,
    APOCROUSTIC, Apocrous'tica remedia , ' a description.' A description of the Aponeu
    from aro , ' out, ' and xgouw , ' I push. ' An as- roses.
    tringent and repellent. — Galenus. APONEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolo'gia , from
    APOCYNUM ANDROSÆMIFOLIUM, amoreugeous, an aponeurosis, and agos, ' a dis
    Dog's Bane. (F) Apocin gobe-mouche. Nat. course .' Aponeurosiology. The Anatomy of
    Ord. Apocyneæ. Sez. Syst. Pentandria Di. the A poneuroses.
    gynia. The root of this plant is found from APONEUROSIOLOGY , Aponeurology.
    Canada to Carolina. Thirty grains evacuate the APONEURO'SIS orA PONEVRO'SIS ,from
    stomach as effectually as two-thirds of the ato, ' from ,' and yougor , ' a nerve. ' Pronerod'
    amount of Ipecacuanha, by which name it is tio, Expan'sio nerco'sa . (F) Aponeurose, Apo
    known in various parts of the eastern states . névrose. The ancients called every white part
    It is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopæia veugov, and regarded the Aponeurosis as a ner
    of the United States. vous expansion. The Aponeuroses are white,
    APOC" YNUM Cannabʼinum, Indian Hemp. shining membranes, very resisting, and com
    This American plant possesses emetic , cathar - posed of fibres interlaced. Some are continu
    tic , diaphoretic and diuretic properties, and ous with the muscular fibres, and differ only
    has been strongly recommended in dropsy . from tendons, by their flat form . They are
    It has been given in decoction, -zij of the root called Aponeuroses of insertion , ( F) Aponéo
    boiled in three pints of water to two . A wine- roses d'insertion, when they are at the extremi.
    glassful for a dose . ties of muscles, and attach them to the bone.
    APOCYNUM SCANDENS , Allamanda. Aponcuroses of intersection , ( F) Aponévroses
    APODACRYTICUS, Delachrymati'ous, d'intersection , if they interrupt the continuity
    from ano , 'from ,'and denguae, ' I weep.' A sub- of the muscle , and are continuous on both
    stance, supposed to occasion a flow of the tears , sides with muscular fibres. The others sur
    and then to arrest them . - Columella , Pliny , round the muscle, and prevent its displace .
    Galenus . ment :
    they are called Enveloping Aponeuroses,
    APODYTE'R
    , Spolia'riumIUM , Coniste'rium Spoliato':
    an eduw , I, strip
    rium , from off.' (F)APONEUROSIS
    Aponévroses, d'enveloppe.
    Fascia- a. Crural , Fascia lata
    The ante room , where the bathers stripped -a. Femoral, Fascia lata_a. Iliac , Fascia iliaca.
    themselves in the ancient Gymnasia. APONEUROT'IC , Aponeuroticus. What re
    APOGALACTISMUS , Weaning. lates to Aponeuroses :-thus we say, Aponcu
    APOGALACTOS , Exuber. rotic erpansion , Aponeurotic muscle, & c.
    APOGEUSIS , Ageustia. APONEUROT OMY, Aponeuroto'mia, from
    APOGEUSTIA , Ageustia. ATTOVOUSwois, ' aponeurosis,' and Topera , ' I cut.'
    APOGLAUCOSIS , Glaucosis . Anatomy of Aponeuroses.
    APOG'ONUM , from ano , and gevondd, I It has, also, been proposed for the division ,
    exist.'. A living fætus in utero. - Hippocrates. (débridement) of filaments, &c. in aponeurotic
    APOLEP'sis, from afonaueBevw , • I retain . ' openings.
    Retention,suppression . - Hippocrates. As . APONÉVROSE SUPERFICIELLE DE
    phyxia . L'ABDOMEN ET DE LA CUISSE, Fascia
    A POLEX'IS , from arounge , ' I cease . ' Old superficialis.
    age , decrepitude. APONEVROSIS , Aponeurosis.
    APOLINO'SIS , from 2.svov, ' a flaxen thread .' APONIA , from e privative , and movos, ' pain .'
    The mode of operating for Fistula in ano , by Freedom from pain .
    means of a thread of Homotinon or Linum cru- APONIPSIS , Ablution .
    dum .- Hippocrates, Paulus. APOPALLEYSIS or APOPAL'SIS , from
    APOPATEMA 59 APOSTASIS

    arita16 , ' I throw off.' Expulsion . Protru-, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta , Theople gia , Theo
    sion . - Hippocr ; also, Abortion, (q. v .) plez'ia, from AT OTANTTEV, "to strike with vio
    APOPATE'MA and APOP'ATHOS . The lence.' ( F ) Apoplexie, Coup de sang . A dis
    excrements, and the place where they are de- ease, characterized by 'diminution , or loss of
    posited . — Dioscorides, Erotian . sensation and mental manifestation ; by the
    APOPEDASIS, Luxation . cessation , more or less complete, of motion ;
    APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, and by a comatose state ,-circulation and respi
    Errhine—a. per os, Sialagogue. ration continuing. It generally consists in
    APOPHLEGMATISAN TIA , Apophlegma- pressure upon the brain ; either from turges.
    tison'ta, from ano, 'out,' and quoquc, phlegm .' cence of vessels or from extravasation of blood;
    Medicines, which facilitate the upward expul- and the general prognosis is unfavourable ; es
    sion of mucus from the mucous membrane of pecially when it occurs after the age of 35.
    the digestive or air-passages, -as gargles, mas- When A. is accompanied with a hard , full pulse,
    ticatories,& c . and Aushed countenance , it is called apoplexia
    APOPHLEGʻMATISM , Apophlegmatismus, sanguin'ea, cataph'ora coma ; when with a feeble
    the action of Apophlegmatisantia.- Galen . pulse and pale countenance, Apopleria serosa ,
    APOPHÄRADES, from 100245, ' unlucky,' and A. pituitosa,serous apoplexy, cataphora hy
    an epithet applied to unlucky days (dies ne- drocephalica.
    fandi.) Days on which a favourable change APOPLEXY, PULMONARY, see Hæmoptysis,
    is not expected to occur in a disease. - A . Lau- APOPNIĶIS , Suffocation.
    rentius . APOPSYCHIA , Syncope.
    APOPHRAXIS, Amenorrhea. APOPTOSIS, from ATO ITT TO , ' I fall down. '
    APOPUTHORA , Abortion . A relaxation of bandages.-- Erotian,
    APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive . APORRHOEA, Contagion .
    APOPHTHARMA and APOPH'THORA, APORRA, from arogasce, ' I flow from.'
    from 270, and oftig« ,' I corrupt.' Abortion,as An emanation, effluvium , contagion. — Moschi
    well as a medicine to procure abortion . on . Afallingoff of the hair, according to some.
    APOPAYADES , from ano ,from ,' and qua , APOSCEMMA , and APOSCEP'ŠIS, from
    I spring. The ramifications of veins and ar- « TTOOXNTTU , I lie down , I direct myself to
    wards. Afflux of fluids towards a part. Me
    teries. - Hippocr .
    APOPHYSE BASILAIRE, Basilary process tastasis. The first word has been applied to
    the excrements . - Hippocr., Galen .
    -a . engainante ou vaginale , Vaginal process. APOSCEPARNIS'MUS , Deascia'tio , from
    APOPHYSES EPINEUSES , Spinous pro 470, and oxeragrov , a hatchet . ' Wound of the
    cesses of the vertebræ .
    APOPHẨYSIS , from 470, ' from ,' and qua, cranium , by a cutting instrument, in which a
    I rise.' Process'us,Appendix. A process of a piece of the bone has been cut out, as with a
    bone... When the apophysis is yet separated hatchet. - Gorræus.
    APOSCEPSIS , Aposcemma .
    from the body of the bone by intervening car APOS'CHASIS or APOSCHAS'MOS, from
    tilage, it is called
    or processes Epiphysis. The apophyses
    are, at times, distinguished by a torxa ?" , I scarify .' Scarification . A slight
    epithets, expressive of their form ; as A. sty- superficial incision in the skin. Also, blood
    loid, A. coracoid, &c. Others are not preceded letting:-Hippocr.
    by the word apophysis ; as Trochanter , Tuber- APOSIA, Sitis defectus, from a privative,
    and Tools, ' drink , want of thirst, absence of
    osity, &c.
    APOPH’YSIS OF Ingras'sias , isa term applied desire for liquids.
    to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone. APOSI" TIA , from ano, ' from ,' and OKTOS,
    APOPHYSIS OF Rau, Grêle apophyse du ' food.' A version for food. - Galen. See Disgust.
    Marteau : see Malleus . APOSITVIC , Apositicus ; the same etymo
    APOPIES'MA, from ATOTUŠ , ' I compress.' logy. Any substance which destroys the ap
    Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied petite , or suspendshunger.
    expression or forcing out of humours, by the APOSPASMA, from ATOSTHL , I tear or
    application of bandages in wounds and frac- lacerate .' A solution of continuity , especially
    tures . of a ligament. Rhegma ligamenta'ré, Lacera'tio
    APOPLANESIS , Error loci. ligamenta' ria . Arrachement, ( q. v. ).
    APOPLECYTIC , Apoplecticus. Referring APOSPHACELESIS , Aposphacelis'mus,
    to Apoplexy. This word has various signifi. from ano , and 0944 €205 , 'mortification .' Gan
    cations. It is applied, 1. To individuals la grene in wounds and fractures, owing to the
    bouring under apoplexy: 2. To remedies pro- bandages being too tight. - Hippocr.
    per for combating apoplexy : 3. To the consti- APOSPHINX'IS, ATOS917 & 15 ; constriction,
    tution, temperament, or make, Architectura compression. The action of a tight bandage.
    apoplectica, which predisposes to it ; and, 4. Hippocr .
    To the symptoms, which characterize apo- APOSPONGIS'MUS, ATOOTO9740 pos ; the
    plexy ; as Apoplecticsleep, A. stroke, A. sterior, act of sponging for any purpose . — Gorræus.
    &c. The jugular veins have also, by some been APOSTALAGʻMA, and APOSTAG'MA,
    called Apoplectic reins. - Vena apoplectice . from ano, ' from ,' and otanaw, ' I flow .' The
    APOPLEXIA CATALEPSIA , Catalepsia - ancient name for the saccharine liquor which
    a . Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus — a, flows from grapes when not yet pressed .
    Temulenta , see Temulentia . APOS'TĂSIS, from ano , and is tupes,' I stop .'
    AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, Hæmorrha' gia The ancients had different significations for
    Cerebri, Aphro'nia, Carus Apoplex'ia, Coma this word . It was most commonly used for an
    Apoplec'ia,' Pulpezia, Sidera'tio, Apilepsia,l abs e88 . The separation of a fragment of bone
    A POSTAXIS 60 APPENDICE

    by fracture. Removal of disease by some ex. APOTH'ESIS , from anotinus, ' I replace .'
    cretion , & c . The position proper to be given to a fractured
    APOSTAX'IS, from & TOOTH-, 'I distilfrom .' limb, after reduction.
    The defluxion of any humour, as of blood from APOTHICAIRE , Apothecary.
    the nose.- Hippocr . Staxis (q . v .) APOTHICATRERIĖ, ( F) , from ano frun,
    APOSTE'MA, from ano , ' from ,' and sotopedy ' warehouse, shop . ' The same as Apotheca ;
    ' I settle ,' or from doit thus, I recede from . also, a gallipot.
    This word is used by the ancients, somewhat APOTHLIM'MA , from ago , and große , ' I
    vaguely. It meant an affection in which parts, press from .' Anciently, the dregs, and some
    previously in contact, are separated from each times the expressed juice of plants . - Gorræus.
    other by a fluid collected between them . The APOTHRAU'SIS , from arifgrue, ' I break .'
    moderns regard it as synonymous with Abscess. Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining.
    (q. v . ) Some , even of the moderns , have applied Extraction of a spiculum of bone.-- Gorræus.
    it to any watery tumour, and even to tumours Also , Abscission,
    APOTY (q. v.)
    in general . OKOS, from ano , and TIXTW , ' I bring
    APOSTEMA EMPYEMA , Empyema - a. Pa- forth .' An abortive fætus. - Hippocr.
    rulis , Parulis - a. Phalangum , Fourche - a . APOTILMOS , Evulsion .
    Psoaticum , Lumbar abscess . APOTOME , Ampntation .
    APOSTERIG'MA , from TOG TNS"360,' I sup. APOTROPÆUM , Amuletum .
    port.' Any thing that supports a diseased part, APOTROPE , Aversion.
    as a cushion , a pillow , & c . - Galen . A deep- APOXYSMUS , Abrasion.
    seated and inveterate disease of the intestines. APOZEM , Decoction .
    -Hippocr . APPARATUS, Parasceue, from para're, ' ' to
    APOSTOLORUM UNGUENTUM , Do prepare . ' This word signifies,-a collection of
    decapharmacum , Ointment of the Apostles. So instruments, &c. for any operation whatever.
    called, because as many solid ingredients en- (F ) Appareil.
    tered into its composition as there were Apos- In surgery it means the methodical arrange
    tles. It contained several resins and gum resins, ment ofall the instruments and objects neces.
    yellow wax, oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c. , and sary for an operation or dressing. By exten
    was formerly employed as a vulnerary . sion , the French give the name Appareil, capsa
    APOS'TROPHE, from ano , and orgeow, ' I chirurgica, to the case or drawers in which the
    turn .' An aversion, disgust for food . - Paulus. apparatus is arranged .
    APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation . APPARATUS , IMMOVABLE, (F.) Appareil im
    APOTELES'MA, from ato, and Te 80 , mobile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Ban
    completion . The result or termination of a dage . An apparatus used for fractures, which
    disease. See , also , Amuletum . is generally formed by wetting the bandages on
    APOTHANASIA , see Death. some substance, as starch or dextrine , which
    APOTHECA, asconxn, Pharmace'um , from becomes solid, and retains the parts in sitâ .
    Ato, and Tenuen, ' to place.' Any place where Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
    things are kept, and therefore a shop.' A different modes of operating for the stone.-See
    place where medicines are kept. See Pharma- Lithotomy .
    copolium . In Physiology, Apparatus (Appariel) is ap
    APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'- plied to a collection of organs, all of which
    tor, Pharmacopola, Pigmentaʼrius, Pharmaco - work towards the same end. A system of or .
    pe'us, Rhizot'órnus,Myrop'oles,same derivation. gans comprehends all those formed of a similar
    (F) Apothicaire, Pharmacien, Pharmacopole. texture. An apparatus often comprehends or
    În ' every country, except Great Britain , it gans of very different nature. In the former,
    means one who sells drugs, makes up prescrip- there is analogy of structure ; in the latter ,
    tions, & c. In addition to these offices,which , analogy of functions.
    indeed, they rarely exercise, except in the case APPARATUS ALTUS, see Lithotomy - a. La.
    of their own patients, the Apothecaries in En- teralis, see Lithotomy - a. Major, see Litho
    gland form a privileged class of practitionerstomy - a. Minor, see Lithotomy.
    a kind of sub -physician. APPAREIL, Apparatus - a . Grand, see Li
    APOTHECARIES' HALL ; the Hall of thotomy — a. Haut, see Lithotomy - a . Immo
    the Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of bile, apparatus , immovable - a. Lateratisé, see
    London , where medicines are prepared and sold Lithotomy-
    -a. Petit, see Lithotomy.
    under their direction , &c . This Company ob- APPAREILS DE FORMATION, ( F.) Gall
    tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th admits, in the brain , two kinds of fibres :the
    year of James the First. No .general practi- one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral
    tioner can establish himself in England or peduncles to the convolutions , and constituting
    Wales without having obtained a license from what he calls appareils de formation : the other,
    the Court of Examiners of the Company. convergent, and proceeding from the convolu
    APOTHERAPEIA , from aroutegemeuw, ' I tions to the centre of the organ, constituting
    cure .' A perfect cure .-- Hippocr. In the an- what he calls appareils de réunion. The first,
    cient Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the as a whole, form the organs of the mental facul.
    exercises :—the friction , inunction , and bath- ties : the latter are commissures, which unite
    ing, for the purpose of obviating 'fatigue, or parts of the organ that are double and in pairs.
    curing disease . — Galen , Gorræus . APPAUVRİ, Impoverished.
    APOTHER'MUM , a pickle made of mus. APPENDICE, Appendix - a. Cæcal, Appen
    tard, oil , and vinegar.-Galen. From aro ,and dix vermiformis cæci - a. Digital, Appendix
    Segun, heat. ermiformis cæci-- a . Épiploiques, Appendiculæ
    :

    APPENDICULA CEREBRI 61 AQUA

    epiploicama Sous-sternale, Xiphoid cartilage- APPROCHE, Coition .


    a . Sus-sphenoidale du cerveau, Pituitary gland- APPROXIMA'TION, Approximatio. Ett
    a. Xiphoïde, Xiphoid cartilage. muller gave this name to a pretended method
    APPENDICES COLI ADIPOSA, Appendiculæ epi. of curing disease, by making it pass from man
    ploicæ . into some animal or vegetable , by the aid of
    APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary immediate contact.
    gland - a. Vermiformis cæci, see Appendix - a. APRACTA , from a priv. and # 8280w , ' I
    APPENDICULIE PINGUEDINOSÆ ,Epi- of generation,when unfit for copulation or
    ploic appendages. generation.
    APPENDIC'ULE EPIPLOICÆ ,, Appen 'dices coli APRICATIO , Isolation .
    adipo'se. ( F ) Appendices Épiploiques. Pro- APRICOT , Prunus Armeniaca .
    longations of the peritoneum beyond the sur- APROSOPIA , from a priv . and spoowTON ,
    face of the great intestine, which are analogous the face. A malformation , which consists in
    in texture and arrangement to omenta . the face being deficient.
    APPENDIX , erlour is, from appen 'dere, ' to APSINTHA'TUM , from afnylov, ' worm
    hang from . Any part that adheres to anorgan, wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwood.
    or is continuous with it :-seeming as if added Aëtius.
    to it. An appendage, an apophysis, (q. v.) ( F) APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
    Appendice, Annexe. APSYCHIA , Syncope.
    APPEN'vix or APPENDIC'ULA VERMIFORMIS APTHÆ, Aphthæ .
    ce'cı, Ed phyas,exours, Additamentum Coli, APTYS'TOS, from a priv. and #tum, ' I
    Appen'dir Cæci. (F) Appendice vermiforme, A. spit.' Devoid of expectoration. An epithet
    cæcal ou digital. A vermicular process,the size given to certain pleurisies, in which there is no
    of a goose-quill, which hangs from the intesti- expectoration . - Hippocr.
    num cæcum . Its functions are unknown . APYETOS, from a priv . and Tuov, ' pus.'
    APPENDIX CEREBRI, Pituitary gland - a . ad Ce- An external affection , which does not end in
    rebrum,Cerebellum - a .Ventriculi, Duodenum suppuration
    . .
    APPÉNSIO , see Analeptia. ÄPYIQUE, Apyos.
    AP'PETENCE , Appeten''tia, from appetere, AP'YOS, from a priv. and truov, ' pus,' ( F )
    ' to desire .' An ardent, passionate desire for Apyique. Thatwhich does not afford pus.
    any object. ÅPYRENOMELE, A pyromele .
    APPETIT, PERTE D', Anorexia . APYRETVIC , Apyreticus, from a priv. and
    AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus,Appeten'tia, Appeti'- rug, ' fire, fever. Without fever. This epi
    tia, Cupi'do, Orez'is, Ormē, same etymology as thet is given to days in which there is no pa
    the last. An internal sensation, which warns roxysm of a disease; as in the case of an inter
    us of the necessity of exerting certain functions, mittent ; as well as to some local affections
    especially those of digestion and generation . In which do not induce fever. Urticaria is some
    the latter case it is called venereal appetite, (F) times called an apyretic exanthem .
    Appetit dénérien : in the former, simply appe- APYREX'IA , the same etymology . Absence
    tite, (F ) Appetit ou appetition. If the desire for of fever: Dialeim'ma, Intermissio . Apyrexia
    food , occasioned by a real want, be carried to a is the condition of an intermittent fever be
    certain extent, it is called hunger, when solid tween the paroxysms: the duration of the apy
    food is concerned ;thirst, when liquid. Appe- rexia, consequently, depends on the type of the
    tite and hunger ought not, however, to be em- intermittent. Occasionally, the term bas been
    ployed synonymously; they are different de applied to the cessation of the febrile condition
    grees of the same want. Hunger is an impe. in acute diseases .
    rious desire : it cannot be provoked, like the APYROME'LĒ or APYRENOME/LĒ, from
    appetite. It is always allayed by eating : but ce priv . augue, ' a nut,' and unan , ' a sound.' A
    not so the appetite ; for, at times, it may beex- sound or probe,without a buttonor nut. It is
    cited in this manner. Theyare very generally, the Melo'tis, Specil'lum auricula'rium or auricu
    however , used synonymously. lar sound of Galen .
    APPETITE, MORBID , Limosis. AQUA, Water - a. Acidula hydrosulfurata,
    APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia . Naples water (factitious) —a. Aeris fixi, Acidu.
    APPLE , BITTER, Cucumis colocynthis - a. lous water (simple) -a.Alkalina oxymuriatica,
    Curassoa,Aurantium curassaventium - a. May, Eau de Javelle - á. Aluminis compositus, Li
    Podophyllum peltatum - a . Tree , Pyrus malus. quor a. c.-a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. alumi
    APPLICA'TA, from applica're, to apply,' nis compositus — a . Ammoniæ , Liquor ammo
    A word, unnecessarily introduced into medical nie - a. Acetatis ammoniæ, Liquor ammoniæ
    language, to express the objects which are ap-acetatis - a. Ammoniæ carbonatis, Liquor am
    plied immediately to the surface of thebody, as moniæ subcarbonatis — a. Ammoniæ coustica,
    clothes, cosmetics, baths, & c . - Hallé . Liquor ammoniæ -- a. Amnii , Liquor amnii .
    APPLICATION, Applica'tio, in a moral sig. AQUA AMYGDALARUM CONCENTRATA, ( F ) Eau
    nification , is synonymous with Attention. Also, d'Amandes amères. Water of bitter almonds.
    the act ofapplying one thing to another; as the Made by bruising well two pounds of bitter
    A. of an apparatus, of a bandage, blister , &c. almonds; adding, whilsttriturating, ten pounds
    APPREHEN'SIO . This word is employed of spring water, and four pounds of alcohol, let
    in various senses . It means catalepsy, ( q. v .) ting the mixture rest in a well-closed vessel,
    or catochia. - Paul Zacchias. A kind of band and then distilling two pounds. Used instead
    age for securing any part. Also, a therapeuti- of the Aqua Laurocerasi and the hydrocyanic
    cal indication . lacid .
    AQUA 62 AQUEDUC

    AQUA Anisi Fortis , Spiritus anisi—a. Aquis , / subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy water 1
    granensis, see Aix-la-Chapelle - a . Ardiente, -a. Vitriolica camphorata, Liquor zinci sul
    see Spirit - a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, liquor of phatis cum camphorâ - a. 'Vitriolica cærulea,
    Aqua' balsamica arterialis , Aqua Binelli - a.Solutio sulphatis cupri composita— a. Vulne
    Bareginensis , Barèges water - a Bellilucana, raria, Arquebusade eau d'-a . Zinci vitriolati
    Balaruc waters — a. Benedicta, Liquor calcis , cum camphorâ, Liquor zinci sulphatis cum
    a. Benedicta composita , Liquor calcis composi- camphora.
    tus — a . Benedicta Rulandi, Vinum antimonii AQUÆ ACIDULÆ , Acidulous waters — a .
    tartarizati . Badiguæ, Bath , Mineral waters of — a. Badizæ ,
    AQUA BINELLI, Acqua Binelli, Aqua balsam '. Bath , Mineral waters of — a. Bathoniæ , Bath,
    ica arterid'lis. A celebrated Italian hæmosta- Mineral waters of — a. Buxtonienses, Buxton ,
    tic , invented by one Binelli . Its composition is Mineral waters of - a . Cantuarienses, Canter
    unknown , but its virtueshave been ascribed to bury, waters of.
    creosote ; although there is reason for believing AQUÆ Destilla'TÆ , Distilled Waters. Hy
    it to possess no more activity than cold water. droldta , (F) Hydrolats. These are made by
    AQUA BORVONENSIS , Bourbonne-les -Bains, putting vegetable substances, as roses, mint,
    Mineral waters of - a . Bristoliensis, Bristol pennyroyal, &c. into a still with water, and
    water - a. Calcariæ ustæ, Liquor calcis-a. drawing off as much as is found to possess the
    Calcis, Liquor calcis - a. Calcis composita, aromatic properties of the plant. To every
    Liquor calcis compositus - a. Camphorata, gallon of the distilled water, 5 oz . of spirit
    Baies's, see Cupri sulphas - a. Catapultarum , should be added to preserve it. The simple
    Arquebusade eau d ' - a. Cinnamomifortis, Spi- distilled waters are sometimes called Aquæ stil
    ritus Cinnamomi-a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, latit'ia sim'plices : the spirituous, Aquæ stilla
    mineral waters of — a. Cupri ammoniata, Li- tit'ia spirituo'sa , but more commonly Spiritus.
    quor c. a.-a. Cupri vitriolati composita, Liquor AQUÆ MINERALES ACIDULÆ , Waters, mine
    cupri sulphatis composita — a. inter cutem , Ana- ral, gazeous -a. Minerales ferruginosa , Waters ,
    sarca - a . Distillata , Water, distilled -- a. Flu- mineral, chalybeate-a. Minerales salinæ , Wa.
    viatilis, Water, river - a. Fontana, Water, ters, mineral, saline - a. Minerales, sulphurea ,
    spring — a Fortis, Nitric acid — a. Hepatica , Waters, mineral, sulphureous - a. Stillatitiæ,
    Hydrosulphuretted water - a. Hordeata , Decoc- Aquæ distillatæ — a. Solis, Bath Mineral waters.
    tum hordei - a. Juniperi composita, Spiritus AQ'UÆDUCT, Aqueduc'tus, ( F) Aqueduc.
    juniperi compositus-a. Kali, Liquor potassæ Properly , a canal for conducting water from
    subcarbonatis - a. Kali caustici, Liquor po- one place to another. Anatomists have used it
    tassæ - a. Kali præparati, Liquor potassæ sub- to designate certain canals.
    carbonatis — a. Kali puri, Liquor potasse - a. AQUÆDUCTUS CEREBRI , Infundibulum of the
    Kali subcarbonatis , Liquor potassæ subcarbo- brain-a. Cotunnii, Aquæductus vestibuli ,
    natis-a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius, liquor of — a . AQUÆDUCTUS Fallopii , Cunal spiroide de
    ex Lacû, Water, lake - a. Lithargyri acetati l'os temporal, of Chaussier, Aqueduc de Fallope.
    composita, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus- A canal in the pars petrosa of the temporal
    a. Luciæ, Spiritus ammoniæ succinatus - a. bone, which extends from the meatus audito .
    -mastoideum ,
    Marina, Water, sea - a. Medicata, Water, mine. rius internus to the foramen stylo nerve.
    ral — a. Menthæ piperitidis spirituosa, Spiritus and gives passage to the facial The
    menthæ piperitæ - a. Menthæ vulgaris spiritu- opening into this aqueduct is called the Hid
    osa, Spiritus menthæ viridis - a. Mineralis, Wa- tus Fallopii .
    ter, mineral— a. Mirabilis, Spiritus pimentä- a. AQUÆDUC'TUS VESTIB'ULI Aquæductus
    Mulsa, Hydromeli - a. Neapolitana, Naples wa- Cotun'nü , (F ) Aqueduc du vestibule and Aqueduc
    ter (factitious) —a. Nephritica, Spiritus myris- de Cotugno. This begins in the vestibule , near
    tice - a. Nivata, Water, snow - a . Nucis mos- the common orifice of the two semicircular
    chatæ , Spiritus myristicæ -- a. Ophthalmica, canals, and opens at the posterior surface of the
    Liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphorâ - a . Pa- pars petrosa .
    ludosa, Water; marsh - a. Picea, see Pinus AQUÆDuc'tus Coch'LEÆ , ( F) Aqueduc du
    sylvestris — a. Pluvialis , Water, rain - a. Potas- Limaçon ;-a very narrow canal, which pro
    sæ, Liquor potassæ - a. Pulegii spirituosa , Spi- ceeds from the tympanic scala of the cochlea,
    ritus pulegii—a. Putealis, Water, well-a. to the posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
    Rabelii, Elixir acidum Halleri-a. Raphani AQUÆDUC'rus Syl'vi , Aqueduc de Sylvius,
    composita, Spiritus armoraciæ compositus - a. Iter ad quartum ventric'ulum , Cand lis nie'dius,
    . Regia, Nitro-muriatic acid-a . Salubris, Water, Canal intermédiaire des ventricules of Chaussier.
    mineral — a. Sappharina, Liquor cupri ammo- A canal forming a communication between the
    niata-a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subacetatis third and fourth ventricles of the brain .
    dilutus - a. Sclopetaria, Arquebusade eau d — a. AQUALIC'ULUS. That part of the abdo
    Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi- a. men which extends from the umbilicus to the
    Seminum carui fortis, Spiritus carui - a. Sote- pubes. See Hypogastrium . It has also been
    ria , Water, mineral- a. Stygia, Nitro -muriatic applied to the stomach or intestinal canal .
    acid-a. Styptica, Liquor cupri sulphatis com- AQUAS'TER. A word used,by Paracelsus ,
    posita—a. Sulphurata simplex, Hydrosulphu- to express the visions or hallucinations of pa
    retted water -- a. Sulphureti ammoniæ , Liquor tients .
    fumans Boylii-a . Thediana, Arquebusade eau AQUEDUC, Aquæduct - a.de Cotugno, Aquæ
    d'-a . Theriacalis Bezoardica , Chylostagma ductus vestibuli-a. de Fallope, Aquæductus
    diaphoreticum Mindereri-- a. Tofana, Liquor Fallopii - a. du Limaçon, Aquæductus cochleæ
    arsenicalis - a . Traumatica Thedenii , Arquebu- a. de Sylvius, Aquæductus Sylvii - a. du Vesti
    sade eau d ' - a . Vegeto -mineralis , Liquor plumbi bule, Aquæductus vestibuli.
    AQUEOUS 63 ARALIA NUDICAULIS

    A'QUEOUS, Aqud sus, 'watery ,' Hydato'des, of Medicine ; but these were most flourishing
    Hydro'des, from aqua , ' water,' (F) Aqueux. during the 10th , 11th , and 12th centuries. The
    The absorbents or lymphatics are sometimes chief additions made by them to medical sci
    called, in France, Conduits ou canaux aqueux. ence, occurred in the departments of pharmacy
    AQUEOUS HUMOUR OF THE EYE , Humor and in the description of diseases. Their prin
    aquo'sus, the Albugincous hu Oöei'des, cipal writers were Avicenna, Serapion , Aver
    wollidus, Hydatoï'des, udeteadus, Odd'tus or Ovi- rhoes , Hali Abbas, Moses Maimonides, Aven
    for mis humor, ( F) Humeur aqueuse. The lim - zoar, Rhazes, Albucasis, &c.
    pid fluid, which fills the two chambers of the ARACH'NE, apdexing a spider, a cobweb . '
    eye, from the cornea to the crystalline, and Hence
    which is, consequently, in coniact with the ARACHNI'TIS or ARACHNOIDI'TIS , In
    two surfaces of theiris. Quantity, 5 or 6 flammation of the Arachnoid . A variety of
    grains : s. g. 1.0003. It contains gelatine, albu- [phrenitis ; which see.
    men, muriate of soda, and phosphate of lime in ARACH'NOID MEM'BRANE , Meninx Me
    small quantity ; and is enveloped in a finemem- dia, Arachnoideus, Arachno'des, from apexwu , 6 a
    brane: the membrane of the aqueous humour - cobweb ,' and sedos, " form , resemblance .' Tu '.
    the Tunica propria seu Vagina humo'ris d'quei, nica ara'nea , Tu'nica arachno'des, Menin'gion .
    Demurid namembrdna . A name given to several membranes, which , by
    AQUIDUCA, hydragogues. their extreme thinness, resemble spider-webs. —
    AQUIFOLIUM , Ilex aquifolium . Celsus and Galen called thus the membrane of
    AQUILA, Hydroa, Hydrargyri submurias, the vitreous humour,-the tunica hyaloidea.
    Sulphur . The moderns use it now for one of the mem
    AQ'UILA. The alchymists used this word branes ofthe brain, situate between the dura
    for sublimed sal ammoniac, precipitated mer- mater and pia mater. It is a serous membrane ,
    cury, arsenic , sulphur, and the philosopher's and composed of two layers ; the external being
    stone. See Hydrargyri Submurias, and Sul- confounded, in the greater part of its extent,
    phur: also, Hydroa.
    AQ'UILA CELESTIS ; a sort of panacea , of with
    teriorthedura
    of the mater,
    craniumand,like it, lining
    and spinal canalthe in
    : the
    which mercury was a constituent.
    AQ'uila Lach'CRYME ; a liquid prepared from other being extended over the brain , from which
    it is separated by the pia mater, without pass
    several ingredients, especially from calomel. ing into the sinuosities between the convolu
    AQ'UILA Pailosopho'rum ; the alchymists, tions, and penetrating into the interior of the
    whose terms were always mysterious, called brain by an opening at its posterior part under
    mercury thus, when reduced to its original the corpus callosum . It forms a part of the
    form . investing sheath of the nerves , as they pass
    AQUILA VEN'ERIS ; an ancient preparation, from the encephalic cavities . Its chief uses
    made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac . seem to be ;-to envelop , and , in some mea
    AQUILÆ VENÆ , Temporal veins. sure , protect the brain , and to secrete a fluid
    AQUILE/GIA VULGA'RIS, Common Co. for the purpose of keeping it in a state best
    lombine, (F) Ancolie. The seeds, herb, and adapted for the proper performance of its func
    flowers were formerly used in jaundice and cu- tions.
    taneous diseases. They are still retained in ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
    many of the Pharmacopeias of continental ARACK', Arrack ' ; Indian . A spirituous li
    Europe. quor made in India in various ways, often from
    AQUO-CAPSULITIS , Aquo-membranitis.' rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along
    AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS ,Keratoiritis,Aquo- with the juice of the cocoa nut : frequently
    capsulitis : inflammation of the anterior cham- from toddy, the juice which flows from the
    ber of the eye . A badly compounded term , de cocoa nut iree by incision , and from other sub
    noting inflammation of the capsule or mem- stances. It is a strong,heating spirit.
    brane of the aqueous humour. Mock Arack is made by adding Jij of Ben
    AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid — a. Acus- zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated
    tica C, otunnius, liquor of . Vauxhall punch is made with such arack .
    ARA PARVA, a small altar ;-a kind of ARACOUCHINI , Icica aracouchini.
    bandage invented by Sostratus; which repre- ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla .
    sents the corners of an altar . - Galen .
    AR'ADOS, from aged =0 , ' 1 am turbulent . '
    AR'ABĒ ; a wound, a blow.- Erotian . The agitation excited in the stomach by the
    ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPATICA , coction of aliments of different nature.- Hip
    Ar'abic Hepal'ic An'tidote. A powder, composed pocr. Likewise, the motion produced by ca
    of myrrh , costus, white pepper, &c. It was ihartics.
    administered in new wine. ARÆOTICA , from agatec ,' I rarefy .' Me
    ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white mar- dicines supposed to have the quality of rarefy
    ble, found in Arabia and analogous to alabaster. ing the humours. See Rarefaciens.
    It was regarded as an absorbent and desicca- ARAKI , see Spirit.
    tive , and was employed in hæmorrhoids. ARA'LIA NUDICAU'LIS, False Sarsapa
    AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An anti -scrofulous rilla. This American plant is said to be a
    medicine , composed of myrrh , olibanum , wax , mild stimulant and diaphoretic , and has been
    sal animoniac , iron pyrites, &c.—Celsus. recommended as a substitute for the sarsapa
    AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara- rilla. It is used , also, as a tonic. In the se
    bians kept the torch of medical science illumi- condary list, Pharm . United States.
    nated, during a dark period of the middle ages. ARA’lia Spiso'sa, Angelica Tree, Prickly
    Before the year of the Hegira, they had Schools | Ash , Toothach Tree. Its properties are not
    ARANEA 64 ARCHIATER

    clear. The berries, and a tincture of them wards to be inserted into the side of the pha
    have been employed, it is said ,successfully in rynx.
    toothach . A spirituous infusion has also been The anterior arch contains the circumflexus
    used in colic. palati , and forms the isthmus faucium . The
    ARANEA TARENTULA , see Tarantula . posterior arch has , within it, the levator palati :
    ARA'NEI TELA, Cobweb, ( F) Toile d'Arai. and between the arches are the tonsils.
    gnée . Formerly, this substance was much em- ARCA ARCANORUM , Hydrargyrum - a.
    ployed , and supposed to possess extraordinary Cordis, Pericardium .
    virtues , especially when applied to the wrists . ARCADE ANASTOMOTIQUE , Arch anas
    It has been recently used again in intermit- tomotic - a. Crurale, Crural arch-a. Inguinale,
    tents. It is a mechanical slyptic, and is so Crural arch - a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch - a. Pu
    applied , externally, at times. bienne , Pubic arch - a .Zygomatique, Zygomatic
    ARANEO'SA URI'NA ; a term applied to arch .
    the urine when loaded with filaments, like ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches.
    cobwebs. ARCADES PALMAIRES, Palmar arches.
    ARANEO'SUS PULSUS ; a term employed ARCADI- TEMPORO -MAXILLAIRE, Tem
    to express extreme weakness of pulse ; when poralis.
    the movements resemble those of a delicate ARCÆUS or ARCE'US , BALSAM OF.
    net raised by the wind . (F) Baume d'Arcæus. A kind of soft ointment
    ARA'NEUM ULCUS , Astakil'los. A name used in sores , contusions, & c . It is made by
    given by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous melting two parts of mutton suet,one part of
    ulcer, extending from the feet to the legs. turpentine and rosin , each one
    hog's lard : of
    ARARA , Myrobalanus citrina . part and a half : straining and agitating till cold.
    ARASCÓN , Nymphomania, Satyriasis. ARCANSON , Colophonia.
    ARATRUM , Vomer. ARCA'NUM , from ar'ca , ' a chest.' A secret,
    ARBOR BENIVI , Benjamin - a . Indica , a nostrum , (F ) Arcane. A remedy whose com
    Laurus cassia — a. Maris , Coral—a. Thurifera, position is kept secret ; but which is reputed to
    Juniperus Lycia. possess great efficacy .
    ARBOR VITÆ , ( F) Arbre de vie, A name ARCANUM CORALLINUM, Hydrargyri nitrico
    given to an arborescent appearance , observed on oxydum - a. Duplicatum, Potassæ sulphas - a.
    cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and Tartari, Potassæ acetas.
    which results from the particular arrangement ARCATOS, Meros.
    of the white substance with the cineritious ; ARCEAU , Arculus, Cradle.
    also, the Thuya occidentalis, (q . v .) ARCEUTOS, Juniperus communis.
    AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, ARCHÆ'US, Archeus, from asx " , com
    which precedes its alteration . - Ruland , mencement,' ( F ) Archée. A word, invented by
    ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo. Basil Valentine, and afterwards adopted by
    ARBRE DE VIE , Arbor Vitre . Paracelsus and Van Helmont. The latter used
    ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILI- it for the internal principle of our motions and
    ENSIS, Hypericum Bacciferum . actions. This archæus, according to Van Hel
    AR'BUTUS UVA URSI, Arctostaphylos, mont, is an immaterial principle, existing in
    Ura Ursi Folia. Nat. Ord . Ericeæ , Sez. Syst. the seed, prior to fecundation, and presiding
    Decandria Monogynia , ( F) Busserolle ou Kai- over the development of the body, and over all
    sin d'Ours. The leaves of this plant are tonic organic phenomena. Besides this chief arch
    and astringent, and have been employed , æus , whose seat Van Helmont placed in the
    chiefly , in diseases of the urinary organs . Dose upper orifice of the stomach , he admitted seve
    of powder from gr. xv. to 3ss. The English ral of a subordinate character, which had to
    name is Bear's Whortleberry . execute its orders : one , for instance, in each
    The Ar’butus Une'do, Andrach'ne, Unedo, organ, to preside over its functions : each of
    Und'do papyra'cea, rouagos, (F ) Arbousier. A them being subject to anger, caprice, error, and
    decoction of the leaves is astringent,and has every human ſailing:
    been used in diarrhea . ARCHANGELIČA, Lamium album .
    ARC or ARCH , Arcus. Any part of the ARCHĒ, agxn, Initium , Principium , Inca '.
    ; the first attack of a disorder.
    body resembling an arch in form ; as the Arch sioARCHÉE
    of the colon, ( F ) Arc du colon ;-the transverse , Archæus.
    portion of that intestine :-Arch of the aorta , ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
    Arcus aor'ta , ( F) Crosse de l'Aorte, &c .; the ARCHELO'GIA , from agxn , beginning ,'
    turn which the aorta takes in the thorax . and logos , a discourse .' A treatise on the
    An Anastomor'ıc ARCH , ( F) Arcade anasto- fundamental principles of Medicine.
    motique, is the union of two vessels, which ARCHEN DA. A powder of the leaves of
    anastomose by describing a curved line . The the ligustrum , used, by the Ægyptians , after
    vessels of the mesentery anastomose this bathing, to obviate the unpleasant odour of the
    manner . feet.- Prosper Alpinus.
    ARCHES OF THE PALATE . These are two in ARCHIA TER ; Protomed'icus, Proti'atros,
    number on each side of the throat, one of from 28x ", " authority ,' and 1stpos, physician.'
    which is termed anterior , the other posterior. The original signification of this word is a
    The anterior arch arises from the middle of matter of dispute. Some consider, with Mer.
    the velum palati, at the side of the uvula , and curialis , that it meant physician to a prince,
    is fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue. king, emperor, & c.; others, with C. Hoffmann,
    The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, apply it to every physician who, by his situa
    from the side of the uvula, and passes down- ltion, is raised above his colleagues. The former
    ARCHIGENI MORBI 65 AREOMETER

    opinion seems to have prevailed,-Archiatre des which reigned epidemically in France in


    Rois de France, being applied to the chief phy- 1130 .
    sician to the king. Ardent, or inflamed eyes , (F) Yeux ardens ; so
    ARCHIG'ENÍ MOR'BI. Acute diseases ; called when they are injected , red .
    because they hold the first rank : from 48x", Ardent urine, ( F) Urines ardentes ; when it is
    • beginning,' and govored, ' I am.' of a deep red , &c .
    ARCHIMAGIA , Chymistry: ARDESIA HIBERNICA , Hibernicus lapis .
    ARCHINGEAY , MINERAL WATERS OF . ARDEUR, Ardor - a . de l'Estomac, Ardor
    Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues ventriculi - a. de la Fièvre, Ardor febrilis --a.
    from St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized ( Urine, Ardor urine .
    in all diseases. They seem to contain carbo- AR'DOR, (F) Ardeur. Heat, ( q . v .) A feel
    nate of lime, a little muriate of soda, carbonate ing of burning, of violent heat. Æstús, Æstu
    of Causo'ma.
    ARCHITECTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo- a'tio,
    ARDOR URI'N Æ , (F. ) Ardeur d'Urine, a scald.
    plectic make. ing sensation occasioned by the urine in pass
    ARCHOPTOSIS , Proctocele . ing over the inflamed mucous membrane of the
    ARCHORRHA'GIA , from 1820s, the anus, ' urethra, or over the neck of the bladder .
    and giw , ' I flow . Hemorrhage from the anus. Ardor FEBRi'lis, (F) Ardeur de la Fièvre, ·
    Archortha'a . the hot period of fever.
    ARCHORRHA, Archorrhagia . ARDOR STOMACHI, Pyrosis .
    ARCHOS , Arcus , Rectum . ARDOR VENTRIC'ULI, ( F) Ardeur d'Estomac,
    ARCHOSYRINX , Fistula in ano. Heartburn. See Cardialgia and Pyrosis.
    ARCTA'TIO and ARCTITU'DO , from arc A'REA. A Latin word used by some authors
    to, ' I make narrow. ' Contraction of a natural to designate a variety of Alopecia, ( q. v.) in
    opening or of a canal, and especially of the which the hair changes colour , but does not fall
    also , Porrigo
    vulva ; of the orifice of the uterns, or of the in- off;ARE'CA decalvans, (9.7.),
    . The fruit of the Aré'ca Cat'echu,
    testinal canal. Constipation. Reunion by su.
    ture or infibulation . — Scribonius Largus, Paul Caun'ga. Nat. Ord . Palmæ, Sex. Syst. Mo
    Zacchias, &c . næcia Monadelphia. (F) Arec, is astringent
    ARCTITUDO , Arctatio . and tonic, and enters into the composition of
    ARC'TIUM LAPPA . The root and seed ; the Betel, the great masticatory of Orientals.
    the Clit-bur, Barda'na ,Arctium , Iaphis, Lappa AREFACTION, Arefactio, Engerous, from
    glabra, Lappa major, L. persona'ta , Burdock , arefacere, ' to make dry .' The process of dry
    (F ) Bardane, Glouteron. Nat. Ord . Compositæ. ing substances , prior to pulverization.
    Sei Syst
    . . Syngenesia æqualis. Root diuretic, ARENAMEN , Bole Armenian .
    seed cathartic . It has been used in decoction in ARENA'TIO , Sand or Earth Bath , from
    diseases of the skin and in syphilis. are'na , ' sand.' Saburra'tio. The application of
    ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Arbutus uva ursi. hot sand to the body of a patient, instead of
    ARCTU'RA, from arcto, “ I straiten . The placing him in a water-bath. ` Pedilu'via of sand
    effects of a nail grown into the flesh , Arctu'ra were formerly used in Ascites.
    unguis. - Linnæus. ARENO'SA URINA . Sandy Urine. Urine
    ĀRCUATIO. An anterior gibbosity or pro- when it deposits a sandy sediment. The person ,
    jection of the sternum . Concava'tio. passing such urine , has been called Arend'sus.
    ARCUEIL , WATERS OF . Arcueil is about ARENOSUS, Sabulous.
    one league south of Paris. The water contains AREOLA . A diminutive of Alrea. Anato
    carbonic acid , carbonate of lime, sulphate of mists understand, by Areolæ, the interstices
    lime, muriate of soda, and some deliquescent between the fibres composing organs ; or those
    salts , existing between laminæ , or between vessels
    A celebrated society held its meetings at this which interlace with each other.
    village , of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Areola is, also , applied to the coloured circle
    Place , &c. were members . or Halo , which surrounds the nipple ; and which
    ARCULA CORDIS , Pericardium . becomes much darker during pregnancy , as
    AR'CULÆ . The Orbitar Fossæ : 70611885.— well as to the circle surrounding certain vesi
    Rufus of Ephesus. cles, pustules, & c.; as the pustules of the
    AR'CULUS. A small arch ; a cradle , (q. v. ) small.pox, the vaccine vesicle, & c. Chaussier,
    (F. ) Arceau, Archet . A semicircular box or bas- in such cases , recommends the word Auréola.
    ket used for preventing the coverings of the (F) Auréole, Aire.
    body from coming in contact with injured or AREOLAR, Areola'ris, appertaining to an
    diseased parts. An ordinance of the Grand areola.
    Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep with AREOLAR EXHALATIONS are those recremen.
    .

    an infantnear them, unless it was put under a titial secretions, which are effected within the
    solid cradle . organs of sense , or in parenchymatous struc
    ARCUS MEDULLARIS , Fornix-a. Seni- tures, --as the aqueous, crystalline and vitreous
    lis, Gerotoxon . humours, &c.
    ARDALOS, Excrement. AREOM'ETER, Areom'etrum , Gravim'eter.
    ARDAS , Excrement. Alcoölom'etcr, Aērostat'ic Balance, from a82105 ,
    ARDENT. Ardens, from ar'dere, ' to burn .' ' light,' and pergov , ' measure :' i. e. measure of
    Ardent Fever, (F.) Fièvre ardente. The Causus, lightness. An instrument, so called, because
    Synocha, or inflammatory fever. first employed to take the specific gravity of
    Mal des ardens, a name given to a species of fluids lighter than water. The Areometer of
    pestilential erysipelas, or Saint Anthony's Fire, Beaume, which is the most used in Pharmacy,
    9
    AREOMETER 66 ARGENTUM

    particularly in France, consists of a tube of ARES ; a term invented by Paracelsus to de


    glass, largely expanded towards its inferior ex: signate the principle on which depends the form
    tremity, and terminating, below , by a small of mercury , sulphur, and salt. These the Al
    ball , containing mercury or lead, which serves chymists regarded as the three bodies that give
    it as a balance,so that it may remain upright in birth to every other.
    the fuid. This tube is furnished with a gra- AR’ETE , agetu , ' virtue .' Mental or corpo
    duated scale. If the fluid , into which the Areo- real vigour. - Hippocrates.
    meter is plunged , be heavier than water, the A'REUS, A pessary , mentioned by Paulus of
    instrument rises : if lighter, it sinks. There Ægina.
    are various Areometers, as those of the Dutch, ĀRÄGEMA and ARÄGEMON , from 48705 ,
    of Fahrenheit, Nicholson , & c. The Areometer white .' Fos'sula, (F.) Encavure; a white spot or
    is also called Hydrom'eter, (F) Aréomètre, Pèse- ulcerationof the eye. - Hippocr. See Leucoma.
    liqueur. ARGEMONE MEXICA'NA , Thorn Poppy.
    SCALE OF THE AREOMETER WITH CORRESPOND
    A native of Mexico , but naturalized in most
    ING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES .
    parts of the world . Nat. Ord . Papaveraceæ .
    Ser. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. The juice
    resembles gamboge, and has been used as a hy
    1. Ascending Scale for light liquids. dragogue. The seeds are employed in the
    ( Beaumé. ) West Indies as a substitute for Ipecacuanha.
    They are also used as a cathartic .
    Scale of Spe cific
    Gravi Substances .
    ARGENSON , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    Beaumé . A chalybeate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny :
    ties .
    used in cases of obstruction, jaundice , &c .
    Pure bydrocyanic acid .- Gay Lus- ARGENT, Argentum - a . Nitrate d', Argenti
    700 sac . nitras .
    66 715 Very pure sulphuric ether. ARGENTERIA , Potentilla anserina .
    60 742 The same concentrated .
    50 782 ARGEN’TI NITRAS, Argen'tum Nitra'tum ,
    48 792 Equal parts of alcohol, and ether. Sal argen'ti, Argentum Nitricum , Nitrate of
    42 819 Very pure alcohol for pharmaceuti
    40 827 cal purposes .
    Silver. This preparation is sometimeskept in
    36 847 Pure alcohol. Naphtha. crystals, the Nitras Argen'li in crystallos con
    33 803 Alcohol of coinmerce . cre'tus, Nitrate d'Argent cristallisé of the Co.
    32 868 Essential oil of turpentine. dex of Paris , Crystalli Lunæ , Argentum nitri
    30 878
    cum crystallisa'tum , Nitrus argenti
    Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and nus, Ni'trum luna're, Hydrago'gum crystalli
    BoY'LEI .
    26 900 pure hydrocyanic acid,mixed with Generally , however, it is in the fused state :
    an equal portion of water. (Roland it is this which is admitted into most Phar
    biquet.) macopeias, and which , besides the name Ni
    25 906
    23 915 } Acetic ether. tras Argenti , is called, Ni'tras argen'ti ſu'sus,
    Nitric ether. Caus'ticum luna're, Lapis inferna’lis, Argen '.
    Id . Id . Muriatic ether tum nitricum fusum , and lunar caustic. ( F)
    22 923 Liquid ammonia .
    Olive oil . Nitrate d'argent fondu , Pierre infernale .
    Id . Id . The virtues of Nitrate of Silver, are tonic,
    20 935
    18 948
    Brandy. and escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy,
    13 980 Burgundy wine .
    & c .; locally, it is used in various cases as an
    12 986 escharotic . Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill,
    11 993 Bonrdeaux wine . three times a day .
    10 1000 Distilled water. The CHLORIDE CYANIDE and lodiDE OF SIL
    VER , the Oride and the Chloride of Ammonia
    2. Descending Scale for heary liquids. and Silver , have been used in Syphilis. At
    ( Dutch . ) first ,these different preparations were adminis
    Scale ofSpecific
    tered iatraleptically on the gums ; the chloride,
    Beaumé.
    Gravi Substances . the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of 1-12th
    ties . of a grain ; the chloride of silver and ammonia
    0 1000 Common distilled water. in the dose of 1-14th of a grain , and the oxide
    1007 of silver and the divided silver in the dose of
    1 Distilled vinegar.
    1009 1-8th and 1-4th of a grain. M. Serre, of Mont
    1011 Common vinegar.
    5
    pellier, who made many trials with them , soon
    1032 Cow's milk , found that these doses were too small, he there
    10 1075 ) fore raised that of the chloride to 1-10th , and of
    1091 Concentrated acetic acid.
    12
    20 1161
    the iodide to 1-8th of a grain , without any in
    21 convenience resulting. The dose of the other
    25 1080
    1210
    Liquid hydrochloric acid. preparations was likewise increased in a similar
    30 1201 Boiling syrup . ratio. M. Serre extols the preparations of sil
    Cold syrup
    35
    1321 Common nitric acid .
    ver, used internally, as well as iatraleptically ,
    40 1334 as antisyphilitics, but they are not to be depended
    41 1398 Concentrated nitric acid . upon .
    45
    Id .
    1454
    Id .
    ARGENTINE, Potentilla anserina.
    Phosphoric acid for medical use. ARGENTUM ,Ar'gyrus,from aggos,'white.'
    50 1532
    60 1714 Silver, Luna , ( F) Argent. A solid metal of a
    66
    70
    18-17 Very concentrated sulphuric acid. shining white appearance : insipid ; inodorous ;
    1916 Very concentrated phosphoric acid. I highly sonorous; malleable and ductile ; some
    ARGILE OCHREUSE PALE 67 ARNICA MONTANA

    what hard ; crystallizable in triangular pyra- emmenagogue , and as such has been used in
    mids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and vola- amenorrhea, chlorosis, and cachexia .
    tizable . Not used at all in Medicine , unless in ARISTOLOCHIA FABACEA , Fumaria bulbosa.
    some places for silvering pills. Silver LEAF , Aristolochia Longa and A. ROTUN'DA , ( F )
    Argen'tum folia'tum , is the state in which it is Aristoloche longue et ronde, Long and round
    used for this purpose, Birthwort. Virtuesthe same as the preceding.
    The argentum divi'sum ,or metallic silver in Aristolochi'A Pistolochia , Pistolochi'a ,
    very fine powder has been recommended inter- Aristolochi'a polyrrhi'za . This variety has an
    nally in syphilis. aromatic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste .
    ARGENTUM Fugitivum , Hydrargyrum -- a . (F) Aristoloche crenelée.
    Fusum, Hydrargyrum - a. Mobile, Hydrargy. Aristolochi'A SERPENTA’RIA , Serpenta'ria,
    rum — a. Vivum , Hydrargyrum . Vipera'ria, Viperi'na Virginia'na, Colubri'na
    ARGILE OCHREUSE PÂLE, Bolus alba. Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'na, Coluo
    ARGILLA PURA, Terra Alu'minis , T. bola- rine deVirginie, S. Virginia'na, ( F) Serpentaire
    ris seu argilla'cea pura, pure Argil or Alumina, and Aristoloche serpentaire de Virginie, Virginia
    Alumine factice. This substance, which is pre- Snake root. Virtues-tonic, stimulant; and ,
    pared by drying alum and exposing it, for as such, employed in debility, intermittents,
    twenty or twenty -five minutes to a red heat, & c . The other varieties of Aristolochia have
    until the sulphuric acid is driven off, has been similar prope ies.
    recommended in indigestion as antacid, as well ARISTOLOCHI'A Triloba'TA . (F) Aristoloche 1
    as in vomiting and diarrhæa accompanied with trilobée. A plant of Surinam and Jamaica ;
    acidity.
    tozj;The
    for dose
    oldertochildren
    a very young
    froin 3jchild is from possessing the general virtues of the Aristolo
    gss tozij. chiæ .
    ARGILLA FERRUGINEA RUBRA , Bole , ar- ARISTOLOCHIC , same etymology. An
    menian - a. Kalisulphurica, Alumen - a. Pal- old term for remedies supposed to have the pro
    lida, Bolus alba_a. Sulphurica alcalisata , Alu. perty of promoting the flow of the Lochia.
    men-a. Sulphurica usta , Alumen exsicca- Hippocr., Theophrastus, Dioscorides, & c .
    tum - a. Sapersulphas alcalisatum , Alumen - a . ARISTON MAGNUM and ARISTON
    Vitriolata, Alumen . PARVUM . These names were formerly given
    ARGOL, RED, Potassæ supertartras im- to pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthi
    purus — a.white , Potassæ supertartras impurus. sis, tormina, andfever.--Avicenna.
    ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS , Hy- ARISTOPHANEION . A sort of emollient
    men . plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch,
    ARGYROCHÆTA , Matricaria. two of apochyma, one of wax , an ounce of opo
    ARGYROPH'ORA, from aggugos, silver,' ponax, and half a pint of vinegar. — Gorræus.
    sus, to an ' Iantidote
    and dige, A namehegiven,
    bear.' which by Myrep-
    regarded used.
    as ex- notAR'KANSAS, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    tremely precious. PHEMA About 5 miles from the Washita river, and
    ARĞÝROTRO , Blancmanger. about a quarter of a degree north of the Loui.
    ARGYRUS, Argentum. siana line , there are 70 of those springs. They
    ARHEUMATIČ , Arheumaticus, agsupereti- are thermal,and upwards of 150 ° Fahrenheit,
    Tos, from a privative,andgrupes , 'fluxion or rheu- and are employed in rheumatism , cutaneous
    matism . One without fluxion or rheumatism . affections, & c .
    ARIA , Cratægus aria. ARLADA , Realgar.
    ARICYMON, aginupw . A name given to ARM , Brachium .
    women who conceive readily :-Hippocr. ARMA VENTRIS , Penis .
    ARIDE'NA. A Latin word employed to de ARMAMENTARIUM , Arsenal.
    signate the leanness of any part. — Ettmuller , ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma.
    Sauvages. ARMATURA , AMNIOS .
    ARIVITY, Ariditas. (F.) Aridité. The ARME , Suture.
    French use the word Aridité to express the ARME, from age , ' I adapt;' aguen. Any phy
    dryness of any organ , and particularly of the siological or mechanical junction or union of
    skin and tongue, when such dryness is so great parts .-- Hesychius. The sutures ofthe cranium.
    as to render the organ rough to the touch. -Galen .
    Aridité , also , means the lanuginous appearance ARMENIACA MALUS. The A'pricot.
    of the hair in some diseases, in which they See Prunus.
    seem covered with dust. ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites.
    ARIDU'RA . Wasting or emaciation of the ARMENITES, Melochites .
    whole or any part of the body .-- Marasmus, ARMILLÆ MANUS MEMBRANOS ,
    Atrophy, (q. v . ) Annular ligament ofthe carpus.
    ARIKA See Spirit. ARMOIŠE BLANC, Artemisia rupestris -- a.
    ARISTALTHÆA, Althæa. Estragon , Artemisia dracunculus - a. Ordi
    ARISTOLOCHIA, from so calledvery naire, Artemisia vulgaris.
    good ,' and 262812, ‘ parturition ;'agirro5, , be- ARMORACIA , Cochlearia armoracia.
    cause the different varieties were supposed to ARMOUR , Condom.
    aid parturition . Birthwort. (F) Aristoloche. ARMURE DES JAMBES. See Cornu am
    Several varieties were once in use . monis .
    ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATI'TIS , Aristolochi'a ARMUS, Humerus, -a. Summus, Acromion .
    Vulga'ris, Adra Riza ,Aristolochi'a ten'uis. (F) AR'NICA MONTANA . Derivation uncer
    Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birthwort. tain . Arnica , Leopard's Bane, Doron'icum
    The root has been considered stimulant and German'icum , Alisma, Acyrus, Diuret'ica, Arni
    ARNOGLOSSUM 68 ARSENICAL PASTE
    1
    ca Plauen'sis, Panace'a lapso'rum , Ptar'mica ARRIÈRE -FAIX , Secundines . !
    monta'na, Caltha seu Calen'dulu Alpina, ( F) ARRIÈRE -GOUT, ( F ) 6 after taste . ' The
    Arnique, Bétoine des Montagnes. 'Tabac des taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for
    Vosges. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia, Polygamia su- some time after they have been swallowed ,
    perflua. Nat. Ord. Synanthereæ. The plant owing probably to the papillæ of the mouth
    and flower are considered , or have been consi- having imbibed the savoury substance.
    dered , narcotic , stimulant,emmenagogue, &c.; ARRIÈRES NARINES, Nares ,posterior.
    and , as such , have been given in amaurosis, ARROCHE, Atriplex hortensis -ma . Puant,
    paralysis , all nervous affections, rheumatism , Chenopodium vulvaria.
    gout, chlorosis , &c. Dose , gr . v lo x in pow- ARROSEMENT, Aspersion.
    der. In large doses, it is deleterious . ARROW ROOT. The fecula of the Ma .
    ARNICA SPURIA , Inula dysenterica - a. Sue . ranta Arundina'cea , Fec'ula Muran'ta which ,
    densis , Inula dysenterica, like all feculæ , is emollient and nutritive , when
    ARNOGLOSSUM , Plantago. prepared with water or milk .
    AROMA , agwed, perfume:' Spir'itus Rec- ARROW Root , COMMON . See Solanum tube
    tor. ( F) Arome. The odorous part of plants : rosum .
    an emanation -- frequently imponderable — from ARS CABALISTICA , Cabal—a. Chymia
    the organ of smell, and trica, Chymiatria - a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion
    which acts onexhaling
    bodies,with
    varies the body it. of medicines—a. Coquinaria, Culinary art-a.
    AROMATIC, Aromaticus, ( F ) Aromate. Cosmetica , Cosmetics — a. Culinaria , Culinary
    Any odoriferous substance obtained from the art - a. Empirica , Empiricism - a. Hermetica,
    vegetable kingdom , which contains much vola- Chymistry — a. Infusoria , Infusion of medicines
    tile oil, or a light and expansible resin . Aro -a. Machaonia, Medicina — a. Majorum , Chy
    matics are used in perfumes , in seasoning, and mistry - a. Medica, Medicina — a. Obstetricia,
    embalming. In Medicine they are employed Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing - a. Sepa
    as stimulants. Ginger,cinnamon ,cardamoms, ratoria, Chymistry - a. Spagirica, Chymistry.
    mint, & c . , belong to this class. ARSALTOS, Asphaltum .
    AROMATOPO'LA, from agau.ce ,' an odour.' ARSATUM , Nymphomania.
    and renew , “ I sell . ' An apothecary or drug- ARSENAL ( F ) Chirapotheca , Armamenta ' .
    gist . One who sells spices . rium . A collection of surgical instruments. A
    AROPH . A barbarous word , which had va- work containing a description of surgical in
    rious significations with the ancients. Para- struments .
    celsus employed it to designate a lithontriptic ARSE'NIATE , Arse'nias. A salt formed by
    remedy. The Mandragore , according to some : a combination of arsenic acid with a salifiable
    Also, a mixture of bread , saffron and wine. - base.
    Helmont . ARSENJATE OF AMMONIA , Arse'nias Ammo' .
    AROPH PARACELSI , Ferrum ammoniatum . nia , Ammonium Arsen'icum , ( F ) Arséniate
    ARQUEBUSADE , Eau d ', Aqua traumat ' d'Ammoniaque. This preparation is highly
    1 ica Thede'nii, Aqua Thedia'na, Aqua sclopeta'- extolled in cutaneous diseases . A grain of the
    ria, Aqua vulnera'riq, Aqua catapulta'rum , Mis salt may be dissolved in an ounce of distilled
    tu'ra vulnera'ria, ac''ida. A sort of vulnerary water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced with
    water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic as a dose .
    plants. ( Rosemary ibiss, millefoil thyme , each ARSENIATE OF IRON, Arsenias Ferri, Ferrum
    Ibiss. Proof spirit 2 gallons - distil a gallon . Arsenia'tum , F. Arsenicum ozydulatum , (F)
    This is one form .)
    ARRA BON , Arraphon . Arséniate de Fer. This preparation has been
    applied externally to cancerous ulcers . An
    ARRACHEMENT, (F. ) from arracher, ' to ointment may be made of gss of the arseniate,
    tear out,' Apospasma, Abrup'tio, Avulsio . Act zij of the phosphate of iron and 3vj of sper
    of separating a part of the body by tearing it maceti ointment: the arseniate has also been
    from the bonds connecting it with others ; Evul- given internally in cancerous affections, in the
    sion (q . v .) Laceration ( q. v .) dose of one - sixteenth of a grain .
    Arrachement, is applied to certain operations , ARSENIATE OF Protox'IDE OF POTAS'SIUM ,
    as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of Proto-arse'niate of Potas'sium , Arse'niate of
    a polypus, &c. Potass, Arse'nias Potasse , Arsenias Kali. Pro
    ARRACK , Arack . See Spirit. perties the same as those of the Arsenious Acid .
    AR'RAPHON or AR'RABON , from a priv. ARSENIC , Arsen'icum . A solid metal ; of a
    and 870n ,“ a suture ,'' without suture.' A term steel-gray colour; granular texture ; very brit
    applied to the cranium when it presents no su- tle ; volatilizing beforemelting ; very combus
    tures.
    ARREPTIO . Insanity .
    tible and acidifiable. It is not dangerous of it
    self, and only becomes so , by virtue of the faci
    ARRESTA BOVIS . Ononis spinosa. lity with which it absorbs oxygen.
    ARRÊT D'HILDAN, Remora Hildani. ARSENIC , IodidE OF , Arsen'ici Jodidum , A.
    ARRETEBEUF, Ononis spinosa . Iodure'tum , Arsenicum loda'tum . This prepa
    ARRHE'A, from a priv. and free, ' I flow .' ration has been highly extolled by Biett in va
    The suppression of any flus. Amenorrhæa, rious cutaneous affections,
    The ointment applied 3externally
    he usescontains grains of.
    (q. v.)
    ARRHOSTEMA, Disease. iodide to 3j of lard .
    ARSENIC , OXIDE OF , Arsenious acid-a.
    ARRHOSTENIA , Discase . White , Arsenious acid .
    ARRHOSTIA , Disease .
    ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus. ARSENICAL PASTE , ( F) Pâte Arsénicale.
    ARRIÈRE -BOUCHE, Pharynx. This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts
    ARSENICUM RUBRUM FACTITIUM 69 ARTÉRE

    of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's blood , and 8 of arse- ARTEMISIA Botrys , Chenopodium ambro


    nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when sioides.
    about to be applied . ARTEMISIA CAMPESTRIS , Field Southern
    ARSENICUM RUBRUM FACTITIUM, wood, ( F) Aurone des Champs. This possesses
    Realgar. the same properties as the A. Abrotanum .
    ARSE'NIOUS ACID ; White Arsenic, Oxide ARTEMISIA CHENOPODIUM , Chenopodium bo
    of Ar' senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici, ox'ydum album , trys .
    Arsen'icum album , Acidum Arsenico'sum , Calx ArtemiS'IA Dracu'culus, Tar'agon , (F)
    Arsen'ici alba. An acid which is met with in Armoise estragon . Virtues : -- the same as the
    commerce , in compact, white , heavy , fragile last.
    masses ; of a vitreous aspect, opaque, and co ARTEMISJA INDICA , Artemisia santonica .
    vered with a white dust : of an acrid and nau- ARTEMIS'ha Pon'tICA , A. Roma'na, Absin'
    seous taste ; without smell when cold ; volatili- thium Ponticum seu Romanum , Roman Worm
    zable by heat,and exhaling the odour of garlic : wood, Lesser Wormwood. This plant possesses
    soluble in water ,alcoholand oil; crystallizable like virtues ;-as well as the
    in regular octahedrons. It is this that is meant ARTEmis'ia Glacia'lis or Silky Wormwood ;
    by the name Arsenic, as commonly used . and the
    The ARSEN'ICUM ALBUM SUBLIMA'TUM or Artemis'ia Marit'ıMA , Absin'thium Marit'.
    Sublimed Oride of Arsenic is the one employed imum , Sea Wormwood , Maritime Southernwood.
    in medicine . It is tonic and escharotic , and is Artemis'ta Rupestris, Creeping Wormwood ,
    the most virulent of mineral poisons. It is used Gen'ipi album , ( F ) Armoise blanc, Genipiblanc.
    in intermittents, periodical headachs, neuro- This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used
    ses, &c. Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in in intermittents and in amenorrhea.
    pill. ARTEMIS'IA SANTON'ICA , Santon'icum , Arte.
    See Poisons, Table of . mis'ia contra , Semen contra Vermes, Semen con
    ARSENIS POTASSÆ , Arsenite of protox- tra , S. Zedoa'riæ , Canni Herba, Chamæce'dris,
    ide of potassium — a. Potassæ aquosus, Liquor Chamæcyparis'sus,Semen Cina , Hlagiosper'mum ,
    arsenicalis - a. Potassæ liquidus, Liquor arseni. Sanctum Semen , Absinthium Santon'icum , Seo
    calis. menti'na, Xantoli'na , Scheba Arabum , Arte
    AR'SENITE , Ar' senis . A salt, formed by a mis'ia Juda'ica , Wormseed , Tartarian Southern
    combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi. wood, ( F ) Barbotine. Virtues :-anthelmintic
    able base . and stimulant . Dose, gr. x to 3j in powder.
    AR'SENITE OF PROTOX'IDE OF POTAS'SIUM , ARTEMIS'IA VULGA'RIS, Artemis'ia rubra et
    Proto- ar'senite of Potassium , Ar' senite of Po- alba , Sin'gulum Sancti Joannis, Mater Herba'
    tass , Ar'senis Pota'ssa. An uncrystallizable rum , Berenisecum , Bubastecor'dium , Canapa'
    and colourless salt, which forms the basis of cia, Mug'wort, (F ) Armoise ordinaire, Herbe de
    the Liquor Arsenicalis, which see . Saint Jean . This , as well as some other varie
    ARSE -SMART, Persicaria—a. Biting, Poly- ties , possesses the general tonic virtues of the
    gonum hydropiper. Artemisia . The Artemisia Vulgaris has been
    ART, HEAL'ING , Ars sanan'di, Medici'na , of late highly extolled by the Germans in cases
    (q . v.) The appropriate application of the pre- of epilepsy. Dose of the powder in the 24 hours
    cepts of the best physicians, and of the results from 3ss to 3j .
    of experience to the treatmentof disease . From the Mugwort the Chinese form their
    AR'TABA , aftßn. Name of a measure for Moxa (q. v.)
    dry substances,in use with the ancients , equal, ARTERÉ, Artery-a. Brachial, Brachial ar
    at times , to 5 modii : at others, to 3 ; and ai tery - a. Brachio -céphalique, Innominata arteria
    others, again , to 7.- Galen , --a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery — a. Clito
    AR'TELSHEIM , MINERAL WATERS rienne : see Clitoris - a. Cacale : see Colic arte
    OF. These German waters have been much ries—a. Collatérale du coude , Anastomoticus
    recommended in hysteria , gout, palsy , & c . magnus ramus—a. Collatérale externe, Arte
    Their physical or chymicalproperties have not ria profunda humeri - a . Collaterale interne,
    been described . Anastomoticus magnus ramus - a . Coronaire
    ARTEMISIA , Anacti'rion : called after a des lèvres , Labial artery - a. Coronaire Sto
    queen of the name, who first employed it ; or machique, Coronary artery - a. Crurale, Crural
    from Agtepas, ' Diana ;' because it was former- artery - a. Deuxième des thoraciques, Arteria
    ly used in diseases of women, over whom she thoracica externa inferior — a.Épineuse, Menin
    presided . The Gauls called it Bricumum . geal artery, middle -- a. Fémoro -poplitée, Ischia
    Artemis'IA ABROT'ANUM , Abrot'anum Cath - tic artery - a. Fossière, Gluteal artery - a .Gas
    sum , Abrotanum mas, Abrathan, South'ernwood , trique droite, petite, Pyloric artery-a . Gutlu .
    ( F ) Aurone, Aurone mâle, Aurone des Jardins, ro -maxillaire, Maxillary artery , internal — a.
    Garderobe, Citronelle. Supposed to be pos- Honteuse externe, Pudic, external , artery
    sessed of stimulant properties . Honteuse interne, Pudic, internal, artery-a.
    The Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, Humérale profonde, Arteria profunda humeri
    (F) Huile d'Aurone, possesses the Aromatic a. Iliaque primitive, Iliac artery - a. Innominée,
    properties of the plant. Innominata arteria — a . Irienne,Ciliary artery
    Artemisia Absis'tulum , Absin'thium , Ab- a. Ischio -penienne : see Pudic, internal, artery
    sinthium vulga're , Barypi'cron , Common Worm - a . Médiane anterieure, Spinal artery , anterior
    wood, (F) Absinthe. Properties :-tonic and a. Médiane postérieure du rachis, Spinal artery,
    anthelmintic. The Oil of Wormwood, O'leum posterior - a . Meningée moyenne, Meningeal
    Absinthii, (F) Huile d'Absinthe, contains the artery, middle - a .Mentonnière, Mental foramen
    aromatic virtues of the plant. a . Mesocéphalique, Basi artery - a. Mesoco .
    ARTERIA 70 ARTERY

    lique: see Colic artery - a. Musculairedu bras, ( thargicæ, Carotids-- a. Præparantes, Spermatic
    Arteria profunda humeri — a . Musculaire du arteries — a. Somniferæ, Carotids - a. Soporales,
    bras, grande : see Collateral arteries of the arm Carotids—a. Soporariæ , Carotids — a . Venosæ ,
    -a. Musculaire grande de la cuisse, Arteria Pulmonary veins.
    profunda femoris - a . Opisthogastriqué, Celiac · ARTERIAL, Arteriosus. Belonging to ar
    artery -- a. Orbitaire , Ophthalmic artery — a. de teries.
    l'Oraire , Spermatic artery - a . Pelvi-crurale , The ARTE'RIAL Duct , Cana'lis arteriosus,
    Crural artery - a. Pelvi-crurale, Iliac artery-a . Ductus arteriosus, D. Botolli ( F) Canal artériel,
    Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery—a. Premièr des is the portion of the pulmonary artery , which
    thoraciques, Arteria thoracica externa superior terminates in the aorta, in the fætus. When
    a. Radio-carpienne transversale palmaire, Radio- this duct is obliterated after birth, it is called
    carpal artery — a. Scrotale, Pudic, external , ar- Artérial Lig'ament, (F ) Ligament artériel.
    tery — a. Sous-clavière, Subclavian artery-a . ARTERIAL Bloon , ( F) Sang artériel. Red
    Sous-pubio-fémorale, Obturator artery - a . Sous - blood is so called because contained in the arte
    pubienne , Pudic, internal, artery - a. Sous-ster- ries . The pulmonary veins , however, also con
    nal , Mammary , internal - a. Sphéno- épineuse , tain red blood : hence the name arterial veins,
    1 Meningeal artery, middle-a. Stomogastrique, (F ) Veires artérielles, applied to them.
    Coronary artery - a . Sus-marillaire , Alveolar The ARTERIAL SYSTEM includes all the ar
    artery-a. Sus-marillaire, Buccal artery - a. teries, from their origin in the heart to their
    Sus-Métatarsienne, Metatarsal artery - a . Sus- termination in the organs. See Vascular Sys
    pubienne , Epigastric artery - a . Testiculaire, tem .
    Spermatic artery - a . Thoracique humérale , ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD ,
    Acromjal artery—a. Trachélo- cervical, see Ce- Hæmatosis .
    rebral arteries - n . Trochantérienne, Circumflex ARTERIECTASIS , Aneurism .
    artery of the thigh - a. Troisième des thora- ARTERIODIALYSIS , see Aneurism .
    ciques, Acromial artery - n. Tympanique, Audi- ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriogra'phia ;from
    tory artery , external--a. Alvéole, Ciliary artery 4879giz , artery ,' and aguon , ' a description.' A 1

    -a . Vulraire, Pudic , external , artery. description of ihe arteries. 1

    ARTERIA , Artery - a. Anonyma Innominata ARTERIOLA . A small artery.


    artery - a . Aspera , Trachea - a. Cerebralis, Caro- ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolo'gia ; from ago
    tid ,internal- a.Cervicalis,Basilary artery - a.Co- ingre, " artery ,' and 20gos, " a discourse . ' A
    ronaria dextra, Pyloric artery -a. Crassa , Aoita treatise on the arteries.
    -a. Externa cubiti, Radial artery-a. Dorsalis ARTE'RIO - PITUITOUS . An epithet ap
    metacarpi, Metacarpal artery - a . Duræ matris plied to vessels which creep along the interior
    media maxima, Meningeal artery , middle - a . of the nostrils —Ruysch .
    Encephalica, Carotid , internal-- a . Gastrica su- ARTERIORRHÈXIS, see Aneurism.
    perior, Coronary artery - a. Ileo.colica : see ARTERIOTOMY , Arterioto'mia, from agtx
    Colic arteries - a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric side, ' an artery ,' and Televw , ' I cut . ' This word
    artery – a. Iliaca posterior,Hypogastric artery, has been used for the dissection of arteries.
    a. Magna, Aorta - a. Malleolaris externa : see Most commonly , however, it means a surgical
    Tibial arteries — a . Malleolaris interna : see Ti. operation , which consists in opening an artery,
    bial arteries — a . Mammaria externa, A , Thora . 1o draw blood from it.
    cica externa , inferior-a. Maxima, Aorta-a . Arteriotomy is chiefly used in inflammatory
    Media anastomotica: see Colic arteries -- a. affections of the head, when the blood is gene
    Meningæa media, Meningeal artery , middle- rally obtained from the temporal artery.
    a. Muscularis femoris, A. profunda femoris- ARTERI'TIS , from agingen , an artery , ' and
    a . Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery - a. ilis, a termination denoting inflammation , In
    Profunda cerebri : see Cerebral arteries - a Pu- flammation of an artery.
    denda communis, Pudic, internal , artery - a. AR'TERY , Arteria , (F) Artère, from ang,
    -a. Ramulus " air,' and ongev, “ to preserve ,' quasi, recepta
    Pudica, Pudic , internal, artery-
    ductus pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery - a. Sphe- cle of air ,' because the ancients believed that
    no-spinosa , Meningeal artery, middle-a. Spi- it contained air. They , at first, gave the name,
    nalis, A. profunda humeri - a. Sternalis , Mam- Artery, to the trachea, aptapes 7822415, because
    mary , internal - a. Supra-orbitalis, Frontal ar- it is filled with air ; and afterwards they used
    tery - a. Sylviana: see Cerebral arteries-a. the same term for the arteries, properly so
    Thoracica axillaris, vel alaris , Scapular artery, called, probably because they commonly found
    inferior — a. Thoracica humeralis, Acromial ar- them empty in the dead body . We find, also,
    tery - a . Transversalis colli: see Cerebral arte. 02.8895 to designate the arteries , called by the
    ries-a. Transversalis humeri, Scapular artery, Latins, Vena micantes, pulsatiles. Arteries,
    superior-a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery - a . Ute with the moderns, signify that order of vessels,
    rina hypogastrica, Uterine artery — a. Vasta which arise from the two ventricles of the heart,
    posterior, A. profunda femoris. and have valves only at their origin . They are
    ARTE’RIAC, Arteriaca, aztagioekt. A medi- cylindrical , firm , and elastic canals : of a yellow
    cine prescribed in diseases of the windpipe . ish white colour ; little dilatable ; easily lacera
    ARTERIÆ ADIPO'SÆ . The arteries, ble ; formed , 1. Of an external, laminated or
    which secrete the fat about the kidneys, are cellular membrane , of a dense and close cha
    sometimes so called . They are ramifications of racter : 2. Of a middle coat composed of fibres ,
    the capsular, diaphragmatic, renal , and sper- which does not, however, contract on the ap
    matic arteries. plication of the galvanic stimulus : and 3. Of
    ARTERIÆ APOPLECTICÆ , Carotids — a. Capi- an inner coat, which is thin, diaphanous, red
    tales , otids --a. Jugulares, Carotids --a. Le dish, and polished.
    ARTERY 71 ARTERY
    The use of the arteries is , to carry the blood Furnishes, 1. A. ophthalmica,which
    from the heart to the various parts of the sys. gives off A. lachrymalis, A. cen .
    tem . It will be obvious, however, that they can tralis retinæ , A. supraorbitaria or
    2 superciliaris, A. cíliares posteri
    not all convey arterialblood. The pulmonary ores, A. ciliares longæ , A. muscu
    artery, for example, is destined to convey the b. A. Carotidea
    terna .
    in- laris superior et inferior, A. eth
    moidalis posterior et anterior, A.
    denous blood to the lungs, there to be converted
    into arterial ; whilst the pulmonary veins con palpebralis, superior et inferior,
    A. nasalis, and A. frontalis. 2 .
    vey arterial blood back to the heart. A. communicans, Willesii. 3. A.
    choroidea , 4. A. cerebralis ante
    rior. 5. A. cerebralis media .
    A TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THE
    BODY. Furnishes, 1. A. Vertebralis, which
    gives off A. spinalis anterior et
    All the arteries take their rise from the Pul posterior, A. cerebellosa inferior,
    and forms by uniting itself with
    monary Artery, or the Aorta : and the names that of the opposite side-the A.
    generally indicate the parts to which they are basilaris, divided into A. cerebel
    losa superior and A. cerebralis
    distributed. posterior. 2. A. Thyroidea infe
    rior, which gives off A. cervicalis
    B. ARTERIA SUB ascendeng. 3. A mammaria in
    I. ARTERIA PULMONARIS . CLAVIA . na, which gives off the A. me
    diastina anterior and A. diaphrag
    The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right matica superior. 4. A. intercos
    ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left talis superior. 5. A. cervicalis
    transversa . 6. A. scapularis su
    branch , which are distributed to each lung. perior. 7. A. cervicalis posterior
    vel profunda Farther on , the
    II. ARTERIA AORTA. subclavian artery continues its
    progress under the name A. az
    illaris .
    The Aorta rises from the left ventricle. It is
    the common trunk of the arteries of the body , ( Furnishes , 1. A. acromialis. 2. A.
    thoracica superior. 3. A. thoracica
    and may be divided into five portions. inferior or longa or mammaria er
    terna . 4. A. scapularis inferior or
    a. Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its origin . A. Axillaris. cominunis. 5. A. circumflera pos
    terior. 6. A. circumflera anterior.
    1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior. Farther on , the axillary artery
    continues under the name A. bra
    2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior. chialis .
    Furnishes A. humeralis profunda or
    collateralis externa . 2. A. col
    b. Arteriesfurnished by the Aorta at ils arch. A. Brachialis . lateralis interna , It afterwards
    divides into the radial and cubital
    The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, arteries.
    two considerable trunks — the Arteria carotideá
    primitiva , and the A. subclavia ; and , to the right, Gives off A. recurrens radialis, A.
    dorsalis carpi, A. dorsalis meta
    a single trunk , which is larger- the A. innomi 1. A. Radialis . carpi, A. dorsalis pollicis, and ter
    nata or Brachiocephalica, which divides into the minates in forming the Arcus pal
    primitive carotid and subclavian. maris profundus.
    Gives off A. recurrens cubitalis an
    A. ARTERIA Caro Divides into A.Carotidea externa, terior and posterior ; A. interos
    TIDEA PRIMITIVA . 3 A. Carotidea interna. sea anterior and posterior, which
    latter furnishes A. recurrens ra
    ( Furnishes, 1. A. Thyroidea superior . 2. A. Cubitalis.
    2. A. lingualis, which gives off dialis posterior . It terminates in
    forming the superficial palmar
    the A. dorsalis linguæ and A. arch , which gives off A. Collate
    sublingualis. rales digitorum .
    3. A. facialis or A. Marillaris ex
    terna, which furnishes the A.
    a , A. Carotidea ex. palatína inferior, the A.sub- c. Arteries given of by the Aorta in the Thorax.
    terna . mentalis, and A. coronaria
    superior and inferior.
    4. A occipitalis, which gives off 1. A. bronchica, dextra et sinistra.
    the A. mastoidea posterior. 2. A. esophagea (to the number
    5. A. auricularis posterior, which of four, five, or six )
    gives off A.stylo -mastoidea . These arteries are, 3. A. mediastine posteriores .
    6. A. pharyngea inferior, 4. A. intercostales inferiores vel
    Aortica (to the number ofeight,
    The external carotid ultimately divides into the tem nine , or ten . )
    poral artery and internal maxillary .
    Furnishes A. transversalis faciei,A. d. Arteries furnished by the Aorta in the Ab
    1. A. Temporalis. auricularis anterior, and A. tempo domen.
    ralis media ,
    These branches 1. The A. diaphragmatica vel phre
    Furnishes 13 branches , viz . A. me
    ningea media, A. dentaris inferior, are , { nica , dextra et sinistra.
    A. temporalis profunda poster ior, Which divides into three branches,
    A. masseterina , A. pterygoidea, A. 1. A. coronaria ventriculi. 2. A.
    2. A. Marillaris in- buccalis, A. temporalisprofunda Hepatica, which gives off A. py
    terna . anterior, A. alveolaris ; A. subor 2. A. Caliaca . lorica, A. gastro -epiploica dextra
    bitaris, A. vidiana, A. pterygopala and A. cystica ; and , lastly , the
    tina or pharyngea superior, A. A. splenica, which gives off A.
    palatina superior, and A. spheno gastro -epiploica sinistra and vasa
    palatina. brevia .

    i
    ARTERY, ANGULAR 72 ARTHRON

    ( Which gives off at its concavity the perior, Thyroideal -- a. superior - a . Humeral,
    3. A.Mesenterica
    superior .
    į inferior, destraat superior,media
    A. colica and et Brachialartery—a. Iliac posterior, Gluteal ar
    its convex part tery
    from 15 to 20 Rami intestinales .
    — a. Iliaco-muscular, Ileo -lumbar a.-a. La
    Which gives off A. colica superior bial, Facial artery - a. Laryngeal superior, Thy
    4. A. Mesenterica media, and inferior, and dívides roideal a . superior - a. Lateral large , Spheno
    inferior. into A. hæmor oidales supe- palatine artery-a. Maxillary internal, Facial
    riores . artery - a . Median of the sacrum , Sacral ar
    5. The A. Capsulares media ( to the number of two on
    tery , anterior - a . Palato -labial, Facial artery
    each side . )
    a. Pericephalic , Carotid (external)—a. Pharyn
    6. A. Renales or Emulgentes. geal, superior, Pterygo-palatine artery -- a.
    7. A. Spermatice . Phrenic, Diaphragmatic artery - a. Posterior of
    8. A. Lumbares (to the number of four or five on each the brain , see Cerebral arteries - a. External
    side . ) scapular, Acromial artery-a. Spinal, Menin
    geal artery, middle - a . Subclavian right, Inno
    e . Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the minata arteria - a. Subscapular, Scapular artery,
    Aorta . inferior-a. Supramaxillary , Alveolar artery
    The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, gives off the A. a . Suprarenal, Capsular artery - a. Thoracic , in .
    sacra media , and divides into A. iliaca primitira . ternal, Mammary internal- a . Urethro-bulbar,
    Divides into A. iliaca interna and Transverse perineal artery-a. Vesico -prostatic,
    A. Iliaca primitiva . A. iliaca externa . Vesical A.-a. Vidian , Pierygoid artery .
    ARTETIS'CUS ; from ailus, ' a limb.' One
    Furnishes, 1. A. ilio lumbaris. 2. A. who has lost a limb.
    sacra lateralis . 3. A. glutaa or
    iliaca posterior. 4. A. umbilicalis ARTHANI'TA , from agros , bread :' the
    5. A. vesicales. 6. A. obturatorea. Cyclamen or Sowbread. It was formerly made
    7. A. hæmorrhoidea media . 8.
    uterina. 9. A. raginalis.
    ointinents
    into was
    10. AA.and employed, with
    as amany other
    purgative substances,
    a. A. Iliaca interna. , being rubbed
    ischiatica . 11. A. pudenda interna,
    which gives off the A. hemorrhoi- on the abdomen. It formed the Unguen 'tum Ar
    dales inferiores, A. of the septum thani'tæ .
    A. transversa perinei, A. corporis ARTHANITA CYCLAMEN , Cyclamen .
    cavernosi, and A. dorsalis penis.
    ARTHETICA , Teucrium chamæpitys.
    Fumishes 1. A. epigastrica . 2. A.
    b. A. Iliaca externa
    iliaca anterior or circumflera ilii, ARTHRAL'GIA, Arthronal'gia ,from a gor,
    and is continued afterwards un- ' a joint,' and angos, pain .' Pain in the joints.
    der the name of Crural Artery. ÅRTHREM'BOLUS , from ag fov , a joint,'
    Furnishes, 1. A. subcutanea abdo- ey , ' in , ' and Banno , ' I cast.' An ancient instru
    minalis. 2. A. pudenda superficialis ment used in the reduction of dislocations.
    and profunda. 3. A. muscularis
    superficialis. 4. A. muscularis pro ARTHRETICA , Teucrium chamæpitys.
    funda, which gives off the A. cir- ARTHRITIC , Arthriticus, from agogov , 'a
    A. Cruralis. cumflexa externaand interna,and joint. ' (F) Arthritique, Goutteur. That which
    the three Perforantes, distin relates to gout, as arthritic symptoms, & c.
    guished into superior, middle,
    and inferior . Farther on , the ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
    crural artery continues under the ARTHRITIS , Gout, Arthrosia — a. Aberrans,
    nanie A. Poplitaa. Gout (wandering)-a. Acuta , Gout (regular)
    ( Furnishes, 1. A. articulares superi. a. Arthrodynia , Rheumatism , chronic - a. Ato
    ores,interna,media,
    A. ct cateina.2.
    gemelle. 3. A. articulares in nic, Gout (atonic) -a.Asthenica ,Gout ( atonic)
    feriores, interna et externa . 4. A. -a. Erratica, Gout ( wandering) —a. Hydrar
    tibialis antica,which, at the foot, thros, Hydrarthrus - à. Inflammatoria, Gout
    A. Poplitæa. takes the name A. Dorsalis Tarsi, (regular )—a. Nodosa ,Gout (with nodosities) -
    and gives off the tarsal and meta a. Podagra, Gout - a . Rheumatismus , Rheuma
    tarsal arteries . In the leg , the po .
    plitealartery divides into the pe- tism , acute - a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde.)
    roneal and posterior tibial . ARTHROC'ACE , from az Igov, 'a joint,' and
    1. A. Peronea.
    Divides into A. peronea antica and xaxos, bad .' Disease of the joints ; and espe.
    A. peronea postica . cially caries of the articular surfaces ; Spina
    Divides into A. plantaris interna ventosa. ( q . v . )
    and A. plantaris externa. The
    latter , by anastomosing with the ARTHROCACOLOG'IA , from Arthrocacia ,
    2. A. Tibialis pos. A. dorsalis tarsi, forms the plan- -according to Rust, a chronic disease of the
    tica . tar arch , whence arise Rami su- joints ; and aogos, ó a description . The doctrine
    periorcs or perforantes postici, R of chronic disease of the joints.
    inferiores postici et antici, which
    give off Ramí perforantes antici . ARTHRODIA, from ap fgov , ' a joint,'
    ag 9 gados , Adarticula'tio. A moveable joint,
    ARTERY, ANGULAR, Facial artery — a. arti- formed by the head of a bone applied to the
    cular, Circumflex artery-a. Central of the reti- surface of a shallow socket, so that it can exe
    na, Central artery of the retina - a. Central of cute movements in every 'direction . Arthro
    Zinn, Central artery of the retina - a. Cephalic, dium is asmall joint : ' diminutive of Arthrodia.
    Carotid-a. Cerebral posterior, Vertebral -a .
    ARTHRODYN'IA , Arthronalgia , from
    Cervico -scapular, see Cervical arteriese - a. Co sazov, ' articulation , and odurn , pain .' Ar
    ronary of thelips,Labial artery — a. Crotaphite , ticular pain . Painin the joints. See Rheu 1

    Temporal artery-a. Fibular, Peroneal artery - matism , chronic.


    a. Gastric inferior, Gastro-epiploic artery -- a. ARTHROM'BOLE, from apigov, and Breaza ,
    Gastro-hepatic , see Gastro- epiploic artery - a . I cast. ' Coaptation , reduction. Reduction
    Genital, Pudic (internal ) artery -- a. Guitural of a luxated or fractured bone.
    inferior,Thyroideal a. inferior - a. Guttural su- ARTHRON , ' a joint.' The ancients use
    ARTHRONALGIA 73 ARUM DRACUNCULUS

    the word Arthron , for the articulation of bones Conjunc'tio, Nodus, Commissu'ra , Compagcs,
    with motion , in opposition to Symphysis, or ar- Syntax'is, ( F) Articulation, Article. The union
    ticulation without motion.
    of bones with each other, as well as the kind
    ARTHRONALGIA, Arthralgia, Arthro- of union.
    dynia .
    ARTHRO -RHEUMATISMUS , Rheuma TABLE OF ARTICULATIONS .
    (acute .)
    Articulations are Diar
    joint,' and onega, ' I burn.' Inflammation of throses or immoveable .
    the joints .
    ARTHROPUO'SIS, from agogov, ' a joint,' ( 1. Amphiarthroses.
    2. Diarthroses, orbicu . Enarthrosis
    and Tuov , ' pus.' Suppuration or abscess of the Diarthroses. lar vague. Artlirodia .
    joints. 3. Alternative or Ginglymus , which
    admits of varieties ,
    ARTHROʻSIA , from apggooo, ' I articulate .' 1. Suture .
    Arthritis, (of some.) Inflamination mostly con . Synarthro- 2. Harmony
    fined to the joints , severely painful; occasion ses . 3. Gomphosis.
    ally extending to the surrounding muscles. A 4. Schindylesis.
    genus of diseases in the Nosology of Good, in- ARTICULATION means the combination of
    cluding Rheumatism , Gout, & -c. Articular inflam- letters which constitute words. See Voice .
    mation , Jointache. ARTICULATION, False , Pseudarthrosis, Ar
    ARTHROSIA ACUTA , Rheumatism , acute a. tic'ulus falsus, (F) A. fuusse, A. accidentelle
    Chronica, Rheumatism , chronic-a. Lumbo. A. contre nature, A. anormale. A falsc joint,
    rum , Lumbago -- a. Podagra, gout - a. Podagra formed between fragments of bone, that have
    complicata, Gout (retrograde )-a. Podagra lar- remained ununited ; or between a luxated bone
    vata, Gout (atonic)-a. Podagra regularis, Gout and the surrounding parts.
    (regular.) The Articulations are subject to a number of
    ARTHROSIS, Articulation . diseases, which are generally somewhat severe .
    ARTHROSPONGUS, from agogov, a These may be physical, as wounds, sprains,
    joint,' and aroygos, ' a sponge.' A white, fun-luxations, & c.; or they may be organic, as an
    gous tumour of the joints. kyloses , extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism ,
    ARTIA . According to some , this word is gout, hydrarthroses, arthropuosis,&
    ARTICULATI CHARNIÈRE
    c.
    synonymous with agonges ; others use it syno ON EN , Gin
    nymously with Trachea. glymus- sma.de la Hanche, Coxofemoral articula
    ARTICHAUT, Cynara scolymus. tion .
    ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus. ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS , Pha
    ARTICLE, Articulation . langes of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis, Pha
    ARTICOCALUS , Cynara scolymus . langes of the toes.
    ARTICULAR , Articula'ris : that which re- ARTIFICIAL, Artificiales. (F) Artificiet.
    lates to thearticulations ;-as the articular cap- That
    sules, &c .
    whichis formed
    ARTIFICIAL by art
    TEetu are . made of ivory,
    teeth
    The ARTIC'ULAR FACETTES are the conti- porcelain, &c ,
    guous surfaces , by means of which the bones ARTIFICIAL Eyes are usually made of enamel,
    are articulated. and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere,
    The Artic'ULAR AR’TERIES OF The Knee , which is applied beneath the eyelids, where
    arise from the popliteal artery, and surround the eye is lost.
    the tibio -femoral articulation . Although of a Pièces d'anatomie artificielles are preparations
    small size, they are important, as they furnish ofARTISCOCCU
    anatomy,modelled in wax,plaster,
    S LÆVIS , Cynarapaper, &c..
    scolymus
    blood to the lower extremity after theoperation ARTISCUS
    for popliteal aneurism . They are distinguished , from agtos , bread.' A troch
    into superior and inferior. of the shape of a small loaf. Also, and espe
    The superior articular arterics, popliteal arti- cially , a troch made of vipers.
    cular arteries, are commonly three in number : ARTiscus , Trochiscus.
    one of which is internal, another external, and ARTOCAR'PUS. The Bread -fruit Tree.
    anothermiddle. The first anastomoses by one An Olaheitan tree, so called because the fruit,
    branch with the external circumflex ; and by which is milky and juicy, supplies the place of
    another with the external superior articular. bread to the inhabitants. It grows to the
    The second anastomoses with the external cir- height of 40 fect.
    cumflex, the superior internal articular, and the ARTOCARPUS INTEGRIFOLIA , Caoutchonc.
    inferior external articular ; and the third is dis- ARTOC'REAS, from agros , 'bread, ' and
    tributed within the joint. resus, ' flesh. A kind ofnourishing food made
    The inferior articular arteries are two in of various aliments boiled together . - Galen.
    number : an internal and external. The former ARTOG'ALA , from aptos, ' bread , and
    anastomoses with the internal superior articu- gond , milk ,' An alimentary preparation of
    lar , and the external inferior articular. The bread and milk . A poultice.
    latter anastomoses with the recurrent branch of ARTOM'ELI , from agtos, 'bread ,' and usad,
    the anterior tibial , and the external superior ar - honey .' A cataplasm of bread and honey.
    ticular. Galen.
    The ARTICULAR VEins of the knee follow ARTUS , Membrum .
    the same course as the arteries. ARTYMA , Condiment.
    ARTICULA'TION . Joint; Articula'tio, Ar. ARUM DRACUN'CULUS, Dracun'culus
    thro'sis,Assarthro'sis, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra , Cola , polyphyllus, Colubri'na Dracon'tia , Erva do
    10
    ARUMARI 74 ASCELES

    Sanc'la Maria, Gig'arus serpenta'ria, Arum po- the Fer'ula Assafat'ida, Order, Umbelliferæ .
    lyphyllum , Serpenta'ria Gallo'rum . Family, It is in small masses of a whitish , reddish, and
    Aroideæ. Sex. Syst. Monacia Polyandria. violet hue , adhering together. Taste bitter
    The roots and leaves are very acrimonious. and subacrid : smell insupportably alliaceous.
    The plant resembles the next in its properties. The Asiatics use it regularly as a condiment.
    ARUM MACULA'TUM , Cuckow Pint, Barba Its medical properties are antispasmodic , sti
    Aaro'nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'giber, Ger. mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v. to xx,
    man'icum , Wake Robin. (F) Gouet, Pied de in pill .
    Vcau. The fresh root is stimulant internally. AS'APES, ' crude , ' Asep'ton . A term ap
    Dose , Oj of the dried root. Externally, it is plied to the sputum , or to other matters evacu
    very acrid. ated, which do not give signs of coction .
    From the root of this Arum a starch is pre- ASAPH'ATUM , from a priv. and odons ,
    pared, which is called Portland Island Sago , ' clear. ' This term has been applied to collec.
    Gersa serpenta'ria , Cerus'sa serpenta'riæ , Fec- tions in the sebaceous folliclesofthe skin, which
    ula ari macula'ti. may be pressed out like little worms, with a
    Arum Triphyl’LUM, Indian Turnip, Dragon black head. See Acne.
    Root. This plant grows all over the United ASAPHI'A , from a privative and ozons
    States, and is received into their Pharmaco.clear.'. Dyspho'nia immoduld'ta palati'na, Pa
    pæia under the title of Arum . The recent root raphonia guitura'lis; P. palati'na. Defective
    is very acrimonious, and has been employed in articulation , dependent upon diseased palate.
    asthma, croup, and hooping.cough . Boiled in -Hippocr., Vogel.
    lard , it has been used in tinea capitis , and ASARABACCA, Asarum.
    boiled in milk in consumption . ASAR'CON , from a privative , and ong ,
    ARUMARI, Caramata. • flesh .' Devoid of flesh . Aristotle uses the
    ARUNDO BAMBOS, Bamboo-a. Brachii term for the head when it is but little fleshy ,
    major, Ulna-a. Brachii minor, Radius - a. In- compared with the chest and abdomen.
    dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum - a Major , ASARET, Asarum .
    Tibia - a. Minor, Fibula-a. Saccharifera, see ASARI'TES, from dougor, ' the asarum.' A
    Saccharum . diuretic wine , of which asarum was an ingre
    ARVUM NATURÆ , Uterus. dient .— Dioscorides .
    ARYTÆNA , afutaire , ' a ladle . ' Hence , AS'ARUM , from a priv. , and oarger, ' to
    ARYTÆ'NO- EPIGLOTYTICUS . Aryta - adorn :' because not admitted into the ancient
    no-epiglotlida'us. That which belongs to the coronal wreaths. As'arum Europa'um , Nar
    arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis. Winslow dus Monta'na, Nardus Rustica , Ázarum . ( F )
    gives this name to small, fleshy fasciculi, which Asaret ou Cabaret, Oreille d'homme, Oreillette,
    are attached, at one extremity, to the arytenoid Girard -Roussin, Nard Suurage. Fam . Aroideæ .
    cartilages, and, by the other, to the free edge Sex . Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. The
    of the epiglottis. ' These fibres do not always plant, used in medicine, is the As'arum Euro
    exist. They form part of the arytenoid muscle pa'um , the Asarabad ca ,and of this the leaves.
    of modern anatomists. They are emetic ,cathartic, errhine, but are hard
    ARYT ENOID, Arytenoi'des, agu tavoid95,ly ever employed, except for the last purpose.
    from αρυταινα , a ladle , and eidos , shape .' A'SARUM ČANADEN'se , Canada Snakeroot,
    Ladle -shaped. Wild Ginger, Colt's Foot. It is used as a sub
    The ARYT'ENOID CAR'TILAGES, Cartilag'ines stitute for ginger, and is said to act as a warm
    arytenoi'des, C. gullura'les, C. gulturi'ne, C. stimulant and diaphoretic.
    gutturiformes, č. triquetræ, Guttur'nia , are ASCAIN , MINERAL WATERS OF. As.
    two cartilages of the larynx, situate posteriorly cain is a village,situate about a league from St.
    above the cricoid, and which by approximation, Jean-de-Luz in France. The water is a cold
    diminish the aperture of the glottis. Their up- chalybeate.
    per extremities or cornua are turned towards ASCARDAMYC'TES, from a priv., and
    each other , and are now and then found loose , oxu gdeuutta , ' I twinkle the eyes. ' One who
    in the form of appendices,which are considered,stares with fixed eyes, and without moving the
    by some, as distinct cartilages, and termed cu- eyelids. - Hippocr.
    neiform or tuberculated, or Cornic'ula Laryn 'gis. ASCARICIDA ANTHELMINTICA. Ver.
    The Aryt'ENOID GLANDS, Glandu'lu Aryte- nonia anthelmintica.
    noïda'a , are small , glandular, whitish bodies, AS'CARIS, pl . ASCAR'IDES , from do xd
    situate anterior to the A. cartilages. They gisa, ' I leap.' A genus of intestinal worms,
    pour out a mucousfluid to lubricate thelarynx. characterized by a long, cylindrical body, ex.
    ARYTENOIDÆUS. ( F ) Arytenoidien. A tenuated atthe extremities; and having a mouth
    small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid furnished with three tubercles , from which a
    cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings very short tube is sometimes seen issuing:
    them together, and diminishes the aperture of Formerly, there were reckoned two varieties
    the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into of the Ascaris -- the As'caris lumbricoi'des, Lum
    three portions;-the Arytenoida'us transver'sus, bri'cus. L. Teres or long round worm ; and
    and two Arytenoida'i obli'qui. the As'caris Vermicula'ris — the Ascaris proper
    ARYTH'M , Aryth 'mus , from a privative, -the thread worm or mau worm. The former
    and quatuos, rythm , measure.' Irregular. is alone included under the genus, at present,
    This word is applied chiefly to the pulse. -a new genus having been formed of the A.
    ASA , Asafoetida. vermicularis under the name Oxyu'ris.
    ASAFETIDA , Assafæt'ida, Stercus diab'oli , Ascaris TRICHURIA , Tricocephalus.
    Asa, Deril's dung. A gum resin obtained from ! AS'CELES or A ( ELES, Care cru'rilus,
    ASCELLA 75 ASPERSION

    from a privative, and oxenes, ' a leg. ' One who ASCLEPIAS CURASSAV'ICA . The leaves are
    has no legs. emetic in the dose of one or two scruples . It
    ASCELLA , Axilla. is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo.
    ASCENDENS, from Ascen'dere, ' to as- ASCLEPIAS GIGANTEA . The milky juice is
    cend. (F) Ascendant. Parts are thus called , very caustic . It is used in Malabar against
    which are supposed to arise in a region lower herpes ; and , mixed with oil , in gout.
    than that where they terminate. Thus , Aorta ASCLEPIAS Proc" ERA ( ) Beidel-ossar ; Bei
    ascendens, is the aorta from its origin to the delsar. An Ægyptian plant, the leaves of
    arch : Vena cava ascendens, the large vein , which are made into plaster, and applied to in
    which carries the blood from the inferior parts dolent tumours. The milky juice is caustic,
    to the heart: Obliquus ascendens (muscle,) and is used as such .
    the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen, ASCLITES , Ascites.
    &c .
    ASCOʻMA, from acros , " a bottle . ' The
    ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of in- eminence of the pubes atthe period of puberty
    crease of a disease . in females . - Rufus of Ephesus.
    ASCESIS , Exercise . ASĒ , Anxiety.
    ASCHIL , Scilla . ASELLI , Onisci aselli.
    ASCIA, Axine, an axe,' Scepar'nos , Dola ASELLUS , Oniscus.
    bra, Fascia spiralis. Name of a bandage men. ASE'MA CRISIS, xplois conues, from a priv.
    tionedby Hippocrates and Galen,and figured and onuese, 'a sign .' A crisis occurring unexpect
    by Scultetus, in the shape of an axe or hatchet. edly, and without the ordinary precursory signs.
    -Galen . See Doloire . ASEPTON , Asapes .
    ASCILLA , Axilla.
    ASCI'TES , from ac XOS , ( a bottle :' - Hydro ASH TREE , Fraxinus excelsior - 4. Moun.
    tain , Sorbus acuparia — a. Prickly , Aralia spi
    ce'le Peritone'i, Hy drops Abdom'inis, Hydro, nosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
    gas'ter, Ascli'tes. A collection of serous fuid ASITVIA , from a priv . and OITOS, ' food .'
    in the abdomen . Dropsy of the lower belly. Abstinence from food (q.v.). Want ofappetite .
    (F ) Ascite. Ascites proper is dropsy of the
    ASJAGAN , As'jogam . An Indian tree, the
    peritoneum ; and is characterized by increased leaves, mixed
    whoseis employed, with inpowdered
    cuminofseeds,
    sizeofthe abdomen, by fluctuation and the ge. juice in India, colic .
    neral signs of dropsy . It is rarely a primary ASJOGAM , Asjagan.
    disease, but is always dangerous, andbut little ASKELES, Asceles.
    susceptible of cure. Most generally , it is ASPALASOʻM US, from domance , a mole ,'
    owing to obstructed circulation in some of the and owed , .body .' A genus of monsters in
    viscera, or to excitement of the vessels of the which there is ímperfectdevelopment of the
    abdominal organs .
    tially the same as that of other dropsies. Pa: eyes: I.G.St. Hilaire.
    ASPALTUM , Asphaltum .
    racentesis, when had recourse to, can only be ASPARAGINE . See Asparagus .
    regarded as a palliative. 6
    Ascites HEPATO -Cysticos, Turgescentia ASO'DES , Assodes, from 0.0 " , disgust,'
    vesiculæ felleæ - a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii— satiety.' A fever accompanied withanxiety
    and nausea . Fe'bris asodes vel azo'des.
    a. Saccatus,Hydrops ovarii. ASPAR’AGUS , Aspar'agus officina'lis, Com
    ASCLEPIADE , Asclepias Vincetoxicum .
    ASCLE'PIASTUBERO'SA , Butterfly Weed, mon Asparagus, Sparrow Grass, Grass. Nat.
    Pleurisy Root, FluxRoot, WindRoot, White Ord. Asphodeleæ, Sez. Syst. Hexandria Mono
    Root. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadeæ, Ser. Syst. Pen- gynia . Aspar'agioficina'lis Turioncs. (F )
    Asperge. Theimmediate
    fresh roots, crystallizable
    are diuretic , perhaps
    tandria Digynia. Said to have been firstre; owing to the princi
    the Carolinas, the root ofthisplanthasbeen plo,Asparagine. The young shoots are a well
    known and esteemed vegetable diet. They
    long celebrated as a remedy in pneumonic af: communicate a peculiar odour to the urine . Å
    fections. It is sudorific, and the powder acts
    syrup roots
    as a mild purgative. Its chief powers are said ofthe made has
    of the
    beenyoung shoots and an extract
    recentlyrecommended as
    to
    It be expectorant,
    is occasionally diaphoretic
    given , and febrifuge.
    to relievepains of thea sedative in heart affections.
    ASPA'SIA . A ball of wood soaked in an
    stomach from flatulence and indigestion .
    ASCLEPIAS Syriaca, Common Silkweed, Milk infusion
    stringingofthegalls, and used by females for con
    vagina.
    Weed, (F) Herbe à la houette. The cortical part ASPERGE, Asparagus.
    of the root has been given, in powder , in asth- ASPÉRITÉ DES PÅUPIÈRES, Trachoma.
    matic and pulmonic affections in general, and , ASPERITAS ARTERIÆ ASPERÆ , Rau
    it is said , with success. cedo .
    ASCLEPIAS Vincetox'ICUM . Called from ASPERÄITY , Asperitas, roughness . Aspe
    Æsculapius probably. The Swallow Wort . rities are inequalities on the surfaces of bones,
    ( F ), Asclepiade, Dompte-venin. The root is which often serve for the insertion of fibrous
    saidue,to be stimulan t, diuretic, and emmena- organs,
    gog but is hardly ever used. It is called , ASPERMATIS'MUS , from o priv . and
    also , Hirundina'ria . Figud, sperm . Reflux of sperm from the
    ASCLEPIAS DECUM'BENs,the root. Escharo- urethra into the bladder, during the venereal
    tic , cathartic, sudorific, diuretic. orgasm .
    ASCLEPIAS ASTHMAT'ICA . (F) Ipecacuanha ASPERSIO , Catapasma, Fomentation .
    blanc del Ile de France. A creeping plant of the ASPERULA , Galium aparine.
    Isle of France, regarded as a specific in asthma . ASPER'SION , Asper'sio , ( F ) Arrosement.
    ASPERULA ODORATA 76 ASSIDENS

    Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyt'ia
    over a wound , ulcer, &c. Idiopath'ica for fatal syncope owing to relaxa
    i ASPER’ULA ODORA'TA , Matrisylva, tion of the heart. See Suffocation .
    Hepatica stella'ta , ( F ) Aspérule odorante ou ASPHYXIA , LOCAL . See Gangrene .
    Muguet des bois, Hépatique étoilée. Fam . Ru ASPIC, Aspis, also, Lavendula .
    biacew . Sez. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
    Sweet- scented Woodroof. Said to be diuretic , ASPIDIUM CORIACEUM , Calagualæ ra
    deobstruent, tonic , and vulnerary. dix- a. Filix mas , Poly podium filix mas .
    ASPÉRULE ODORANTE , Asperula odorata . ASPIRATIO , Inspiration .
    ASPHAL / TUM , Nep'ta , Arsaltos, Aspal- ASPIRATION , Adspira'tio , Aspira'tio. The
    tum , from acoma Sev, to strengthen .' With French sometimes use the term synonymously
    the Greeks , this word signified any kind of bi. with inspiration. It also means the act of at
    tumen . It is now restricted chiefly to the Bir'- tracting or sucking like a pump. Imbibition ,
    UMEN OF JUDÆ'A , B. Juda'icum , B. solidum , (q. v .) Also , the pronunciation of a vowel
    Jeu's Pitch , or Karabē of Sodom . ( F ) Asphalte. with a full breath .
    It is solid, friable , vitreous, black , shining, in- ASPIS, 207715. A name given by the an
    flammable, and of a fetid smell. An oil is ob- cients to a venomous serpent - the Egyptian
    tained from it by distillation . It enters into the riper, of Lacépède. ( F ) Aspic. Its bite is very
    composition of certain ointments and plasters. dangerous , and it is supposed to have been the
    1 It is collected on the surface of the water of reptile which Cleopatra used for her destruc
    the Dead Sea , or Lake Asphaltites in Judæa. tion .
    ASPHALTI'TES, same etymon . A name , ASPLE'NIUM , from a priv. and man ,
    given by some to the last lumbar vertebra.- ' the spleen. Spleenwort, Miltuaste.
    Gorraus. ASPLE'NIUM CET'ERACH , Doradil'la, Blech
    ASPITARINE , Galium aparine. num squamo'sum , Scolopen'dria , Athy'rion,
    ASPHOD'ELUS RAMO’SUS, Asphodelus, Cet'erach officinarum . (F) Doradille. Sup
    A. Albus, A. Maris, Has'tula Regis. ( F ) Lis posed to be subastringent and mucilaginous ,
    asphodèlé. The bulbs of this southern Euro- and has been recommended as a pectoral. It
    pean plant have an acrimony,which they lose has also been given in calculous cases.
    in boiling water. They contain a fecula with ASPLE'NIUM Ruta MURA'RIA , A. murale,
    which bread has been made, and have been Paronych'ia, Wallrue, White Muidenhair, Tent
    considered diuretic . They have been used as wort, Adian'ıhum album , Ruta mura'ria , Salria
    a succedaneum for the squill. ritæ . ( F ) Rue des murailles, Saurevie . Used
    ASPHYXIA , from o priv. and o qužis, in the same cases as the last.
    ' pulse . Defec'tus Pulsas, Acrotis'mos. For a ASPLE'NTUM SCOLOPEN’DRIUM , Scolopen '.
    long time, Asphyxia was contined to the sense arium officina'rum , Hart's Tongue, Spleenwort,
    of - suspension of circulation . It now gene- Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'na, Blechnum lignifo'.
    rally means suspended animation ,produced by lium. (F) Scolopendre, Langue de cerf . Pro
    the nonconversion of the venous blood of the perties like the last.
    lungs into arterial blood . Apna'a , (q . v .) Ap- ASPLE'NIUM TRICHOMANOI'D ES, A. Trichom'
    neus'tia , Apnæsphyt'ia ,Anhæmato'sia . Owing to anes, Calliphyllum , * 31100unaon , Trichom'
    the supply of air being cut off, the unchanged anes, Adianthum rubrum, Common Maiden
    venous blood of the pulmonary artery passes hair, Polyl'ricum commu'ne, ( F ) Polytric. Pro
    into the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, perties like the last.
    but their peculiar irritability requiring arterial ASPREDO , Trachoma- 2. Miliacea, Miliary
    blood to excite them , stagnation takes place in fever.
    the pulmonary radicles,and death occurs ehiefly ASPRÊLE , Hippuris Vulgaris .
    from this cause, -- not owing to venous blood ASSA DOUX, Benjamin -- a. Dulcis, Ben
    being distributed through the system ,and “ poi- jamin - a. Odorata , Benjamin .
    soning' it , as was the idea of Bichat . Carusas- ASSABA . A Guinca shirub whose leaves
    phyx'ía , Mors apparens, .Mors putatira, or Ap- are considered capable of dispersing buboes.
    parent death, is characterized by suspension of ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter , sto
    respiration, ofthecerebral functions, & c . Seve- machic, and purgative medicines, in the form of
    ral1.varietiesof
    Asphyx'iaAsphyxia have beenA.designated.
    BY SUBMER'SION, by Drown- a ASS.ISONNEMENT,
    pill.- Avicenna. Condiment.
    ing, a. Immersorum , as occurs in the drowned, ASSAKUR , Saccharumu ,
    who perish in consequence of the medium in ASSALA . See Myristica moschata .
    which they are plunged being unfit for respi- ASSARTUROSIS , Articulation .
    ration . See Submersion. ASSELLA , Axilla.
    2. Asphyx'IA BY STRANGULA'TiON or Suffo. ASSATIO , Opte'sis. The boiling of food or
    ca'tion ; produced by mechanical impediment medicines in their own juice, without the addi
    to respiration , as in strangulation . tion of any liquid . Various kinds of cooking
    3. Asphyx'ia by Noxious INHALA'Tion, or by heat. - Galen.
    inhalation of Gascs, some of which cause death AS'SERAC , Assis. A preparation of opium
    by producing a spasmodic closure of the glot- or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an
    tis : others by the want of oxygen , and others excitant.
    are positively deleterious or poisonous. ASSERCULUM , Splint.
    4. AspiyX'LA OF THE NEW - Born. This is ASSERVITION , Conservation .
    often dependent upon the feeble condition of ASSIDENS , from ad , ' to ,' and sedere, ' to
    the infant, not permitting respiration to be es- be seated . That which accompanies or is
    tablished concomitant. An epithet applied to the ac .
    ASSIMILATION 77 ASTRAGALUS VERUS

    cessory symptoms and general phenomena of spasmodic form the respiratory murmur is
    disease. very feeble or absent during the fit ; and in all
    ASSIMILATION, Assimila'tio, Appropria'- forms of the disease percussion elicits a clear
    tio, Eromoio'sis , Homoio'sis, Threpsis, Threp- pulmonary sound .
    tice : from assimila're, ' to render similar.'
    Che The disease generally consists in some source
    act by which living bodies appropriate and of irritation , and occasionally, perhaps, in para
    transform into their own substance, matters lysis of the pneumogastric nerves : more fre
    with which they may be placed in contact. In quently of the former - all the phenomena indi
    man , assimilation is a function of nutrition. cating constriction of the smaller bronchial ra
    ASSIS , Asserac . mifications.
    AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sius Lapis. A sort of The treatment is one that relieves spasmodic
    stone or earth found nearthe town of Assa in action-narcotics, counter-irritants — change of
    the Troad , and which had the property of de- air, &c .
    stroying proud flesh . AsthmA AERIUM , Pneumothorax - a . Arthriti
    ASSODES, Asodes. cum , Augina pectoris — a. Convulsivum, An
    ASSOUPISSEMENT, Somnolency . gina pectoris-a. Emphysematicum , Pneumo
    ASSOURON . See Myrtus pimenta . thorax - a. Infantum , Cynanche trachealis -- a.
    ASSUETUDO , Habit . Dolorificum , Angina pectoris- a. Nocturnum,
    ASSULA , Splint. Incubus .
    ASSUMPTIO , Prehension . ASTHMA PULVERULEN'TUM . The variety of
    ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS , Crab . asthma to which Millers, Bakers, Grinders and
    Astaci Fluviatilis CONCREMENTA , Can- others are subject.
    crorum chelæ. Astuma SPASTICO -ARTHRITICUM INCONSTANS ,
    ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus. Angina pectoris .
    ASTASIA , Dysphoria. ASTHMA THYMICUM , A. T. Koppii, Spasmus
    ASTARZOF. An ointment, composed of glottidis, A. intermittens infan'lum , A. Den
    litharge, frog's spawn , &c . Also , camphor iicntium , A period'icum acu'tum , Koppian Asth
    dissolved in rose -water.- Paracelsus . ma, Thymic Asthma, Laryngismus stridulus.
    ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium - a. Ingui- A disease of infants characterized by suspen
    nalis , Eryngium campestre . sion of respiration at intervals ; great difficulty
    ASTERIA GEMMA, Asterius, Astroïtes, of breathing, especially on waking, swallow
    As'trivs, Astrov'olos. The ancients attributed ing , or crying, ending often in a fit of suffoca
    imaginary virtues to this stone ,-that of dis- tion with convulsions.
    persing Næri Materni , e . g . The pathology of the disease lias been sup
    ASTHENI'A , from priv . and gevos, ' force ,' posed to consist in enlargement of the Thymus
    strength .' Want ofstrength ,debility: (q. v.) gland , or of the glands of the neck pressing on
    Infirmity, (q. v. ) A word used in this sense the pneumogastric nerves.
    by Galen, and employed especially by Brown The ear, on auscultation , at a distance from
    to designate debility of the whole economy or the chest, detects an incomplete, acute , hissing
    diminution of the vital forces. He distinguish inspiration , or rather cry ; whilst the expiration
    ed it into direct and indirect : the former pro- and voice are croupal, both at the accession
    ceeding from diminution of stimuli; the latter and termination of the paroxysm . The heart's
    from exhaustion of incitability by the abuse of action has been observed to be distinct and
    stimuli. feeble ,
    ASTHENIA PECTORALIS , Angina pectoris. ASTHMATIC , Asthmaticus ; one affected
    ASTHMA, from aw , ' I respire , A. spas'ti- with asthma. What relates to asthma.
    cum adultorum , A. Seniorum , A. Convulsirum , ASTOMUS , CTTouos , from a priv . and
    A. spas'ticum intermittens, Dyşpala et orthop- Otoped, ' a mouth .' One without a mouth .
    na'á conoulsira, Broken windedness. Difficulty Pliny speaks of a people in India without
    of breathing, recurring at intervals, accompa- mouths,wholive anhelatî et odore!
    nied with a wheezing sound and sense of con- ASTRAGALE COL D ' , Collum astragali .
    striction in the chest ; cough and expectoration . ASTRAG'ALUS , Talus, the Ankle, Quu'trio,
    Asthma is a chronic disease , and not curable Diab'ebos, Peza , Cavic'ula , Cavilla, Tetro'ros,
    with facility . Excitant and narcotic antispas- As'trion, Os Ballistæ. A short bone situate at
    modics are required. thie superior and middle part of the tarsus, where
    The Asthma Acu'tum of Millar,A. spasticum it is articulated with the tibia . It is the ankle
    infan'tum , Cynam'che trachea'lis spasmodica, bone, sling bone or first bone of the foot. The
    (F.) Asthma aigu, probably spasmodic croup .(?) anterior surface is convex , and has a well
    The Astuma Siccum , so called when the marked prominence , supported by a kind of
    paroxysm is sudden, violent , and of short du- neck, and hence hasbeen called the head of the
    ration : cough slight, and expectoration scanty : Astragalus. The astragalus is developed by
    spasmodic constriction . two points of ossification .
    ASTHMA, HAY, Fever, hay. AstraG'ALUS Exs'c APUS, Stemless Milli-retch ,
    The ASTHMA Ho'midum , Humid , Common or ( F) Astragalc à gousses velus. Nat. Ord . Le
    spitting asthma, is when the disease is accom- guminose . Ser . Syst . Diadelphia Decandria.
    panied with expectoration. It is also called A. The root is said to have cured confirmed sy
    humora'le, A. flatulen'tum , A. pneumon'icum , philis.
    Blennothorax chronicus, & c . AstraG 'uus VERUS , Goat's thorn, Milk
    There are no pathognomonic physical signs retch, Spina hirci, Astrag'alus aculeatus. The
    of asthma. In some cases, the respiration is plant which affords Gum Trag'acanth. See
    universally puerile during the attack. In the Tragacantha.
    ASTRANTIA 78 ATHENIONIS CATAPOTIUM

    ASTRAGALUS TRAGACANTHUS, see Traga., Galen applies it, especially, to irregularity of


    canth . pulse ; and Sydenham speaks of Atazia Spi
    ASTRANTIA , Imperatoria . rituum for disorder of the nervous system .
    AS'TRAPĒ, Corusca'tio , Fulgur, Lightning. Ataxia, now , usually means the state of disorder
    Galen reckons it amongst the remote causes of that characterizes nervous fevers, and the ner
    epilepsy. vous condition .
    ASTRICTION , Astrid tio, atufes, from ad- ATAXIA SPIRITUUM , Nervous diathesis.
    strin 'gere, ' to constringe . ' Action of an astrin- ATCHAR , Achia , Achar. A condiment used
    gent substance on the animal economy . in India . It is formed of green fruits of various
    ASTRICTORIA , Astringents. kinds; —garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento ,
    ASTRINGENTS, Astringen'tia, Kalastal'- pickled in vinegar.
    tica, Constringen'tia , Contrahen'tia , Stegno'tica, ATECNIA , Sterilitas.
    Syncritica , Astricto'ria ,from astringere,' to con AT'ELES, AT & MS, " imperfect, defective .'
    stringe .' Medicines, which have the property Hence,
    of constringing the organic textures. External ATELOENCEPHAL'IA , from areans, ' im
    astringents are called Styptics. perfect,' and eg x20220v , ' theencephalon.' State
    The following are the chief astringents : of imperfect development of the brain .-- Andral.
    ATELOCHEI’LIA , from atoans ,' imperfect,'
    Acidum Sulphuricuin , Kino, and 2817.05, ' lip .' A malformation which con.
    Alumen , Krameria , sists in an imperfect development of the lip .
    Argenti Nitras,
    Catechu ,
    Liquor Calcis , ATELOGLOS'SIA, from attaus, ' imper
    Plumb. Acetas ,
    Cupri Sulphas, Quercus Alba, fect,' and gwood, ' tongue .' A malformation
    · Ferri Muriatis , Tinct. Tinctoria , which consists in an imperfect development of
    Ferri Nitratis , Liquor, Tanninum , the tongue .
    Ferri Sulphas, Zinci Sulpbas, ATELOGNA'THIA , from dtean , imper
    Gallæ ,
    Hæmatoxylon , Creasoton . fect,' and grabos, ' the jaw.' A malformation
    which consists in an imperfect development of
    ASTRION , Astragalus . the jaw .
    ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma. ATELOMYELIA, from atins, ' imperfect,'
    ASTROB'LES, from arogov , a star,' and and uuenos, marrow .' State of imperfect de
    Benae , ' I strike . 'One struck by the stars velopment of the spinal marrow . – Béclard.
    (sidera'tus.) One who is in a state of sidera- ATELOPROSOʻPIA , from attans, 'imper
    tion - in an apoplectic state . - Gorræus.
    ASTROBOLISMOS , same etymology . Si- fect,' and opposatov , ' the face.' A malforma
    tion which consists in imperfect development
    dera'tion or action of the stars on a person. of the face .
    Apoplexy. - Theophr., Gorræus. ATELOSTOMIA, from «T8445, imperfect,'
    A'STROBOLOS , Asteria gemma. and otoud , ' mouth .' One whose mouth is im
    ASTROITIS , Asteria gemma.
    ASTROL'OGY, Astrologia, from dolgov , 'a perfectly developed.
    ATER SUCCUS , Atrabilis.
    star,' and 20gos , " a discourse .' The art of di ATHANASIA , Tanacetum .
    vining by inspecting the stars. This was for- ATHAMANTA , from Athamas, a place in
    merly considered to bea part of Medicine; and Thessaly. A genus of plants.
    was called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it ATUAMAN'TĂ CRETEN'sis or Cret'ica, Daucus
    from Astronomy . Creticus ; D. Candianus, Myrrhis annua , Candy
    ASTRONOMY, Astronomia , from artger, Carrot. The seeds of this plantare acrid and
    ' a star,' and youeos,' a law ,' ' rule. ' A science , aromatic. They have been used as carmina
    which makes known the heavenly phenomena, tives and diuretics.
    and the laws that govern them . Hippocrates ATHAMAN’TA AUREOSELI'NUM , Oreoscli'num ,
    places this and Astrology amongst the neces. Black Mountain Parsley. ( F) Persil de Mon
    sary studies of a physician. tagne. The plant, seed and roots are aromatic .
    ÁSTYSIA , Impotence . It has been considered attenuant, aperient, de
    ASUAR , Myrobalanus Indica. obstruent, and lithontriptic. The distilled oil
    ASULCI , Lapis lazuli. has been used in toothache.
    ASYNODIA , Impotence. ATHANA'SIA , from a priv. and $272T05,
    ATACTOS, Erratic . · death .' An antidote for diseases of the liver,
    AT'AVISM ; from Atarus, an old grandsire jaundice, gravel, & c. It consisted of saffron,
    or ancestor, indefinitely . ' . The case in which cinnamon , lavender , cassia, myrrh , juncus odo
    an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is ratus, honey, &c . , and was esteemed to be su.
    lost in one generation and reappears in the fol- dorific .
    lowing :
    ATARACTAPOIE'SIA , from a priv . tager- ATHARA , Athera .
    ATHELAS'MUS, from a priv . and Onan , ' a
    TOS, ' troubled ,' and 01119, ' to make. Intre- breast or nipple. ' Impracticability of giving
    pidity, firmness . A quality of which, according suck ; from want of nipple or otherwise .
    to Hippocrates, the physician ought to be pos- ATHELXIS , Sucking.
    sessed in the highest degree. ATHENA , .Jain . Name of a plaster, re
    ATARAX'IA , from a privative, and Tagatis, commended by Asclepiades , and composed of
    " trouble ,' emotion .' Moral tranquillity , peace oxide of copper ,sublinned oxide of zinc, sal am
    ofmind. moniac , verdigris, gall-nuts, and a variety of
    ATAX'IA , from priv . and tages, ' order. ' resinous and other ingredients.- Oribasius,
    Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs Aëtius, and P. Ægineta .
    the wor in its most extensive acceptation . ! ATHENIO'NIS CATAPOʻTIUM.. A pill ,

    !
    ATHERA 79 ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS

    composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium ; pounds or more exists under ordinary circum.
    used to allay coughing -Celsus. stances ; and this pressure cannot be increased
    ATHERA, Atha'ra, from conp, 'an ear of or diminished materially, without modifying the
    corn.' A kind of pap for children : also, a kind circulation and all the functions.
    of liniment . — Diosco des, Pliny. ATMOSPHERIZATION , Hæmatosis.
    ATHERO'MA, from aongee, ' pap or pulp.' ATOL'MIA , from a priv . and Tonded , ' con.
    Emphy'ma encys'tis athero'ma, Molluscum . “ A fidence.' Want of confidence; discouragement.
    tumour formed by a cyst containing matter like A state of mind , unfavourable to health, and
    pap or Bouillie. injurious in disease. It is the antithesis of
    ATHERO'MATOUS, Atheromato'des. Ha- Eutolmia .
    ving the nature of Atheroma. ATONY , Ato'nia , Infir'mitas et Remis'sio
    ATHLETA , from a tres, combat.' Athletes vi'rium , Languor, Lax'itas, from a priv. and
    were men ,who exercised themselves in combat Toros , ' tone,' .force . Want of tone . Weak
    at the public festivals. - Vitruv. ness of every organ , and particularly of those
    ATHLETYIC , Athlet'icus; concerning Athle - that are contractile. Violent gastritis has been
    læ . Strong in muscular powers .- Foësius. described by Scribonius Largus under a similar
    ATHORACOCEPHALUS, Acephalogaster. name, a tovor, Atonon .
    ATHRIX DEPILIS , Alopecia. ATRABILIARY, Atrabil'ious, Atrabilia'ris,
    ATHYM'IA , An'imi defectus et anxi'etas, Atrabilio'sus. An epithet given by the ancients
    An'imi demis'sio, Tristia , from a priv. and to the melancholic and hypochondriac, because
    Jugos, ' heart,' 'courage .' Despondency . The they believed the Atrabilis to predominate in
    prostration of spirits, often observable in the such .
    sick . - Hippocr. Melancholy . - Swediaur. See The Atrabiliary capsules, arteries, and deins,
    Panophobia. are the renal capsules, arteries, and veins ; the
    ATHYRION , Asplenium ceterach . formation of Atrabilis having been attributed to
    ATHYRIUM FILIX MAS, Polypodium them .
    filix mas. ATRABI’LIS , from atra, -black,' and bilis,
    ATLANTION , Atlas. bile :'. Ater succus, Black Bile or Melancholy,
    ATLAS, Atlantion , from ardd0 , ' I sustain .' According to the ancients,a thick, black, acrid
    The first cervical ver'tebra : so called , from its humour, secreted , in the opinion of some, by
    supporting the whole weight of the head, as the pancreas ; in that of others, by the supra
    Atlas is said to have supported the globe on his renal capsules., Hippocrates, Galen, Aëtius,
    shoulders. Chaussier calls it Alloid. This ver- and others ascribe great influence to the Atra
    tebra in no respect resembles the others . It is bilis in the production of hypochondriasis, me
    a kind ofirregular ring, into which , anteriorly , lancholy , and mania . There is really no such
    the processus dentatus of the second vertebra is humour. It was an imaginary creation . - Are
    received. Posteriorly, it gives passage to the tæus, Rufus of Ephesus , & c.
    medulla spinalis. ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS, from a priv .
    ATLOIDO-AXOID , (F) Atloido-azoidien . Tprznaos,' neck ,' and xsoran , ' head. ' A mon
    Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or sier whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
    Vertebra Dentata . ATRACH E’LUS . Same etymon . One who
    ATLO'DO-AXOID ARTICULATION . The articu- is very short-necked . — Galen .
    lation between the two first cervical vertebræ. ATRACTYLIS GUMMIF'ERA , Carduus
    ATLOı'do -axoid LiG'Aments. These are two pineus, Ix'ine, Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine
    yields a
    in number ; one anterior and another posterior, " Thistle. The root, when wounded ,
    passing between the two vertebræ . milky , viscid juice , which concretes into tena
    Atloi'do -occid'Ital. Relating to the Atlas cious masses , and is said to be chewed with the
    and occiput. The Alloi'do- occipital Articula'- same views as Mastich .
    tion is formed by the condyles of the occipital ATRAGENE , Clematis vitalba .
    bone and the superior articular surfaces of the ATRAMENTUM , A. Sutorium , Ink, Cal
    Atlas. can'thon , (F) Encre. It has been advised as an
    ATLOIDO -OCCIPITAL , Rectus capitis pos- astringent, and as an external application in
    ticus minor - a. Sous-mastoidien , Obliquus su- berpetic affections.
    perior oculi - a . Sous -occipitale, Rectis capitis ATRAMENTUM SUTORIUM, Ferri sulphas.
    lateralis. ATRESIA , Adherence , Imperforation .
    ATMIATRIA , Atmidiatrica , from atuos , ATRETISMUS, Imperforation.
    ' vapour,' and 12tpers , ' treatment.' Treatment ATRETUS, from ce priv. and teaca, ' I per
    of diseases byfumigation . forate . One whose anus or parts of generation
    ATMIDIÁTRICA , Atmiatria. are imperforate.
    ATMISTERION , Vaporarium. ATRICES. Small tumours, which appear
    ATMOS , Breath . occasionally around the anus. Some commen
    ATMOSPHERE , Atmospha'ra , from a tros, tators consider the word to be synonymous with
    ' vapour,' and opusa ,' a sphere:' - as it were, condylomata.-- Forestus.
    Sphere of rapours. The atmosphere is a sphe- ATRICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of
    rical mass of air,surrounding the earth in every the anus, not penetrating the rectum .
    part ; the height of which is estimated at 15 or ATYRIPLEX HORTEN'SIS , A. Sati'oa. (F)
    16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the Arroche, Bonne Dame. The herb and seed of
    earth, and this pressure has, necessarily , sensi- this planthave been exhibited as antiscorbutics.
    ble effects on organized bodies. The surface of The Atriplex alimus, A. Portulacoi'des, and
    the human body being reckoned at 15 square 1. Patula, are used as pickles, and have similar
    feet, it is computed that a pressure of 33,000 'properties.
    ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER 80 AUDITION

    Atriplex Fetida, Chenopodium vulvaria - gree of nervous or cerebral power : hence the
    a . Odorata, Chenopodium botrys --a. Olida, sinking down in bed is an evidence of great
    Chenopodium vulvária. cerebral debility in fever.
    ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER , Sinus dexter The position of a patient during an opera
    cordisma. Cordis sinistrum , Sinus pulmonalis. tion is an interesting subject of attention to the
    ATYROPA, from Argetos, the goddess of surgeon .
    destiny ; ' so called from its fatal effects . ATTOL'LENS AUREM , Attol'lens Aurid
    ATROPA BELLADON'na , Belladon'na, Deadly ula, Lera'tor Auris , Superior Auris, Attol'lens
    Nightshade , Sola'num létha'le, Sola'num ma- Auric'ulam , ( F) Auriculaire supérieur, Tem
    niacum , S. Furio'sum , Sola'num melanocer'asus . poro -auriculairé. A muscle of the ear , which
    ( F ) Belladone, Morelle furieuse, Belle Dame. arises, thin , broad , and tendinous, from the ten
    Nat. Ord . Solaneæ, Ser. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- don of the occipito - frontalis, and is inserted into
    nogynia. The leaves are powerfully narcotic, the upper part of the ear, opposite to the anti
    diaphoretic, diuretic , and repellent. They are helix. It raises the ear.
    occasionally used where narcotics are indicated. ATTOLLENS OCULI , Rectus superior
    Sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous oculi.
    sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the ATTOUCHEMENT, Masturbation .
    leaves form a good poultice . Dose , gr. to gr. ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION , Co
    j. of the powdered leaves. hesion , force of.
    ATROPA MANDRAG'ORA, Mandrag'ora, Man . ATTRACTIVUM . See Magnet.
    drake. The boiled root has been used in the ATTRACTIVUS , Attrahent .
    form ofpoultice in indolent swellings. ATTRACTORIUS , Attrahent.
    ATROPHIA , Tabes - a . Mesenterica , Tabes AT TRAHENT, Attrahens, Attracti'dus, At
    mesenterica . tracto'rius, from ad, ' to , ' and traho, I draw .'
    ATROPINE , Atropi'na, Atro'pia , Airo' pium . ( F ) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called ,
    The active principle of the Atropa Belladonna, which attract fluids to the parts to which they
    separated by Brandes , by a process similar to are applied, as blisters , rubefacients, &c .
    that for procuring Morphine. ATTRAPE -LOURDAUT, ( F. ) A bistouri
    ATROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia, Atro'- invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise,
    phia, Maras'mus, Macics, Contabescen'tia, Tabes, and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis
    Marco'res, Analo'sis, from a privative , and 78 : 0n , tour caché.
    nourishment.' (F.) Atrophie, Dessechément. ATTRITA , Chafing .
    Progressive and morbid diminution in the bulk ATTRI''TION, Attri'tio, Ecthlimma, from
    of the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is ge- terere, ' to bruise .' Friction or bruising. Cha
    nerally symptomatic. fing . - Galen . Also, a kind of cardialgia . – Sen
    ATTACHIE , Insertion . nertus . Likewise , a violent contusion .
    ATTAGAS, Attagen . ATYP'IC , Atypicus, Atypos, from a priva
    ATTACK', Insullus, Irrep'tio, Inva'sio, Eis'- tive, and 11.705, " type. That which has no
    bole, Lepsis, (F) .Attaque. A sudden
    vasion or onset of a disease .
    attack, in- type.
    A seizure .
    Irregular. Chiefly applied to an irregu
    lar intermittent. Febris atypica .
    AT'TAGEN , At'ta gus, the Fran'colin . Cele- ATYPOS, Erratic .
    brated with the ancients both as food and me- AUANTE , Anap'së, from ararots, desicca.
    dicine . - Martial, Aristophanes. tion .' Hippocrates gave this name to a dis
    ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS ease, the principal symptom of which was
    OF . A mineral water in France at Attan- emaciation .-- Atrophy.
    court in Champagne ; and about 3 leagues AUBE -VIGNE , Clematis vitalba.
    north of Joinville . The water is a chalybeate, AUBERGINE , Solanum Melongena.
    and contains sulphate of lime . In large doses AUBEPINE, Mespilus oxyacantha.
    it is purgative. AUBIFON, Cyanus segetum .
    ATTAQUE, Attack-a . des Nerfs, Nervous AUCHEN , Collum .
    attack . AUDE , Voice .
    ATTELLE , Splint. AUDINAC , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    ATTENÖTING , MINERAL WATERS Audinac is situate in the department of Ar:
    OF, in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic riège , France. The water contains a small
    acid , carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of quantity ofhydrosulphuric acid ; carbonic acid,
    lime and magnesia, muriate of soda, iron, and sulphates of lime and magnesia, carbonates of
    alum . It is much used in skin diseases, fistula , lime and iron , and a bituminous substance. It
    old ulcers, calculi, and hemorrhoids. is much used in chronic rheumatism , herpes,
    ATTENUANTS, Attenuan'tia Leptun’tica, scrofulous diseases, & c.
    from ten'uis,' thin .' Medicines which augment AUDI'TION, from audi're ,' to hear.' Acoë,
    the fluidity of the humours. Audi'tio, Auditus, Acoe'sis, Acu'sis. Hearing.
    ATTIRANT, Attrahent. The act of hearing . The sensation arising
    ATTITUDE , Situs Cor 'poris . Situation , from an impression made on the auditory nerves
    position of the body. The attitudes are the by the vibrations of the air, produced by a so
    different postures which man is capable of as- norous body. The Physiology of Audition is
    suming. " In General Pathology, the attitude obscure. It probably takes place: -1. By the
    will often enable the physician to pronounce at vibrations being communicated from the mem 1

    once upon the character of a disease, or it will brana tympanialong the chain of small bones
    aid him materially in his judgment. In St. to the membrane of the foramen ovale. 2. By
    Vitus's dance , in fractures, luxations,&c . , it is means of the air in the cavity of the tympanum ,
    the great index. It will also indicate the de- ' the membrane of the foramen retundum is agi
    AUDITORY 81 AURICULAR

    tated. 3. The transmission may be made by AUNE NOIR, Rhamnus frangula.


    means of the bony parietes. AUNÉE, Inula helenium - a . Dysentérique,
    In these three ways the vibrations, produced Inula dysenterica .
    by a sonorous body , may reach the auditory AURA , Pnoë. A vapour or emanation from
    nerves .
    Audition may be active or passive ; any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere.
    hence the difference between listening and Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as
    simply hearing a gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
    AU'DITORY , Hudito'rius, Auditi'rus. That vitalis.
    which relates to audition . AURA SEM'iris or A. semina'lis ; -an active
    The EXTER'NAL AU'DITORY CANAL, Mea'tus, principle fancied to exist in the sperm, and re
    audito'rius externus, Alvea'rium , (F.) Conduit garded by some as the fecundatingagent. Such
    auditif externe, Conduit auriculaire, commences is not the case.
    at the bottom of the concha, at the Fora'men Aura SAN'GUINIS . The odour exhaled by
    auditi'rum exter'num, passes inwards, forwards, blood newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis.
    and a little downwards , and terminates at the In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of
    membrana lympani. It is partly cartilaginous, a light vapour, which, in some diseases, ap
    partly osseous, and partly fibrous. pears to set out from the trunk or limbs ; and
    The InterSAL AUDITORY Canal , Mea'tus io rise towards the head. This feeling has
    auditorius inter'nus, Cyar, (F.) Conduit auditif been found to precede attacks of epilepsy and
    interne, C. labyrinthique, is situate in the pos- hysteria, and hence it has been called Aura epi
    terior surface of the pars petrosa of the tem lep'tica and A.hyster'ica .
    poral bone. From the Fora'men auditivum in- ' AURANITE . See Agaric.
    ter'num , where it commences , it passes forwards AURANCUM . See Ovum .
    and outwards, and terminates by a kind of cul. AURANTIA CURASSAVEN'TIA , Curas
    de-sac, perforated by many holes, one of which so'a apples or oranges. Immature oranges,
    is the orifice of the Aquæductus Fallopii ; and checked, by accident, in their growth. They
    the others communicate with the labyrinth . are a grateful, aromatic bitter, devoid of acidity.
    The AUDITORY NERVE , Nerf labyrinthique - Infused in wine or brandy they make a good
    (Ch . ) , is the Portio Mollis of the seventh pair.stomachic. They are also used for issue peas .
    It arises from the corpus restiforme, from the AURANTIA CurASSAVICA , see Citrus auran
    floor of the fourth ventricle, and , by means of tium -a. Poma , see Citrus aurantium .
    white striæ , from the sides of the calamus scrip- AURANTIUM , Citrus aurantium.
    torius. As it leaves the encephalon , it forms a AUREOLA , Areola.
    flattened cord , and proceeds with the facial AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO
    nerve through the foramen auditivum inter- NATRII , see Gold — a. Chloridum , Gold , muri
    pum , and as far as the bottom of the meatus, ate of - a. Chloretum , Gold , muriate of - a.
    where it separates from the facial and divides Cyanidum ,see Gold - a. Cyanuretum , see Gold .
    into two branches, one going to the cochlea ; -a.et Natrii chloruretum ,see Gold - a. Murias,
    the other to the vestibule and semicircular ca- Gold , muriate of - a. Nitro-murias, see Gold
    nals . a . Oxidum , see Gold .
    The AUDITORY ARTERIES AND VEins , are AURICHALCUM , Brass.
    vessels which enter the auditory canals, and AURICULA . Diminutive of auris, an ear.
    are , like them , distinguished into internal and The auricle of the ear. See Pavilion .
    external. The external auditory artery, A. The AURICLES OF THE HEART , Cavita'tes in
    Tympanique— (Ch .), is given off by the sty . nomina'tæ , ( F.) Oreillettes, are two cavities;
    loid, a branch of the external carotid : the in- one right, the other left, each communicating
    ternal is a branch of the basilary artery, which with the ventricle of its side. These two cavi
    accompanies the auditory nerve, and is distri- ties receive the blood from every part of the
    buted to it. body . Into the right auricle, the two venæ
    The AuditoRY VEins empty into the internal cave and coronary vein open: into the left,
    and external jugulars. the four pulmonary veins. Chaussier calls the
    AUGĒ, Alveus. Some of the older Ana- former the Sinus of the Vena Cucæ :—the latter,
    tomists gave this name to reservoirs, into the Sinus of the Pulmonar y Veins. See Sinus ,
    AURICULA JUDÆ , Peziza auricula - a . Muris.
    so thatliquids
    which they are full andmanner,
    in an interrupted
    flowalternately empty . Hieracium Pilosella — a. Muris major, Hiera
    Such are the ventricles and auricles of the cium murorum.
    heart . AURICULAIRE, see Digitus - a . Postérieur,
    AUGMENTA'TION , from augere, ' to in. Retrahens auris — a. Supérieur, Attollensaurem .
    crease .' Augmen'tum , Incremen'tum , Anabasis , AURICULAR, Oric'ular, Auricula'ris, from
    Auctio, Aure'sis. The stage of a disease in auricula ,' the ear. That which belongs to the
    which the symptoms go on increasing. ear, especially to the external ear.
    AULISCOS, Canula. The Auric'ULAR AR'TERIES AND Veins , Ori.
    AULOS , Canula. See Vagina , and Fora- culaires- (Ch .), are divided into anterior and
    men . posterior. The anterior are of indeterminate
    AUMALE , MINERAL WATERS OF . number. They arise from the temporal artery ,
    Aumale is a town of Upper Normandy, in the and are distributed to the meatus auditorius
    country of Caux . Several springs of ferrugi- externus, and to the pavilion of the ear. The
    nous mineral waters are found there, whose posterior auricular is given off by the external
    odour is penetrating, and taste rough and as - carotid , from which it separates in the sub
    tringent. They are tonic, and employed in stance of the parotid gland . When it reaches
    debility of the viscera , & c , the inferior part of the pavilion of the ear it
    11
    AURICULARIS ANTERIOR 82 AUTOPLASTY

    bifurcates; one of its branches being distributed at the bottom .) It is used in some empirical
    to the inner surface of the pavilion , the other preparations.
    passing over the mastoid process, and being AURUM OXYDATUM , see Gold-a . Oxydula.
    distributed to the temporaland posterior auris tum muriaticum , Gold, muriate of_a. Nitro
    muscles , &c. Before its bifurcation it gives off riate
    muriaticum
    of.
    , see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, mu
    the stylo-mastoid artery.
    The ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR AURICULAR AUSCULTA’TION , Ausculta'tio from auscul
    Veins open into the temporal and external ta're, 'to listen :' act of listening : Buisson has
    jugular . used it synonymously with listening. Laennec
    The Auricular Nervesare several. 1. The introduced auscultation to appreciate the dif
    auricular branch, Zygomato-auricular, is one of ferent sounds, which can be heard in the chest,
    the ascending branches of the cervical plexus. and in the diagnosis of diseases of the heart,
    It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of lungs,&c. This may be done by the aid of an
    the pavilion . 2. The auricular or superficial instrument called a stethoscope ( q. v .) , one ex.
    temporal, Temporal- cutaneous- (Ch .), is given tremity of which is applied to the ear, the other
    off from the inferior maxillary. It ascends be- to the chest of the patient. This mode of ex
    tween the condyle of the jaw and the meatus amination is called Mediate Auscultation, ( F.)
    auditorius externus, sends numerous filaments Auscultation médiate,—the application of the ear
    to the meatus and pavilion, and divides into to the chest forming immediate auscultation .
    two twigs, which accompany the branches of The act of exploring the chest is called Ste
    the temporal artery, and are distributed to the thosco'pia ,and Thoracoscopia ; of the abdomen,
    integuments of the head . There is also a pos- Abdominoscop'ia , (q . v .)
    terior auricular furnished by the facial. AUSCULTATORY ' PERCUSSION , see
    The AURICULAR FINGER , (F.) Doigt auricu- Acouophonia .
    laire, is the little finger, so called because, owing AUSTE'RE , Austé'rus. Substances, which
    produce a high degree of acerb impression on
    to its size, it can be more readily introduced the
    into the meatus auditorius . organs of taste.
    AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior AUSTROMANCY ; Austromanti'a. The art
    auris . of predicting from observance of the winds.
    AURICULE, Pavilion of the ear . AUSTRUCHE, Imperatoria .
    AURICULO-VENTRICULAR , Auric'ulo AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial,
    tentricula'ris. That which belongs to the au- Pleurodynia - a. Pruriginosa , Itching - á. Ver
    ricles and ventricles of the heart. The com- tigo, Vertigo.
    munications between the auricles and ventricles AUTARCI'A , from avtos, ' himself,' and
    are so called. The Tricuspid and Mitral Valves aoxew, ' I am satisfied .' Moral tranquillity.
    are auriculo- ventricular valves . Galen .
    AURIGA . A species of bandage for the AUTEMES'IA , from autos, self,' and EN8019,
    6
    ribs, described by Galen . See , also , Liver. vomiting . ' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomit
    AURIPIGMĚNTUM , Orpiment— a. Ru. ing. – Alibert.
    brum , Realgar. AUTHEMERON . A medicine which cures
    AURIGO, Icterus— a .Neophytorum , Icterus on the day of its exhibition ; from avtos , ' the
    Infantum . same,' and 'quepa, ' day.'
    AURIS, Ear. AUTOCHIRIA , Suicide .
    AURISCALPIUM , Earpick. AUTOC'RASY , Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria,
    AURIST, from auris, the ear.' One who from avtos , himself, and xqatos , strength .
    occupies himself chiefly with the diseases of Independent force. Action of the vital prin
    the ear and their treatnient. ciple, or of the instinctive powers towards the
    AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus - a. preservation of the individual. - See Vis Medi
    Marmorata, Cerumen-a. Sibilus, Bombus catrix Naturæ . Also, the vital principle.
    a . Sonitus, Bombus — a . Sordes, Cerumen - a. AUTOCRATIA , Autocrasy, Vis medicatrix
    Susurrus, Bombus. nature .
    AURONE, Artemisia, abrotanum - a . des AUTOCRATORIA , Autocrasy — a. Physia
    Champs, Artemisia campestris - a. des Jardins, trice, Vis medicatrix naturæ .
    Artemisia abrotanum - a . Mâle, Artemisia abro- AUTOCTONIA , Suicide .
    tanum . AUTOLITHOT'OMUS , Autolithotomist,
    AURUGO, Icterus . from uutos , himself ,' 1190$ , ' a stone , ' and
    AURUM , Gold ,' (q. v .) τεμνειν , to cut. ' One who operates upon him
    AURUM CHLORATUM , Gold, muriate of - a . self for the stone .
    Chloratum natronatum , see Gold- a . Foliatum , AUTOMATIC, Automat'icus, from auto
    Gold leaf - a , in Libellis, Gold leaf — a . Le datos, ' spontaneous.' That which acts ofitself.
    prosum , Antimonium-a. Limatum , see Gold Those niovements are called automatic, which
    -a. Muriaticum , Gold muriate of - a . Muriati- the patient executes without any object; ap
    cum , see Gold - a .Muriaticum natronatum , see parently without volition being exercised .
    Gold . AUTOMNALE , Autumnal.
    AURUM Musi'vum , Aurum Mosa'icum , Sul. AUTONOMIA , Vis medicatrix naturæ.
    phuret of Tin. The deutosulphurel or persul- AUTOPEPSIA , from avtos , ‘ self,' and
    phuret of tin. (Quicksilver , tin , sulphur, sal TENTW, ' I concoct.' Self-digestion , -as of the
    ammoniac, äā, equal parts. The tin being first stomach after death .
    melted, the quicksilver is poured into it, and AUTOPHIA , Autopsia.
    then the whole are ground together , and sub- AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus.
    limed in a bolthcad . The aurum musiyum lies AUTOPLASTY , Morioplastice.
    AUTOPSIA OR AUTOPSY 83 AXILLA

    apiri AUTOP'SIA or AUTOP'SY; from autos, cataplasms, to promote suppuration. The dry
    himself,'
    tentive and opes, by
    examination ' vision
    one's.' self.
    Autoph'ia. At- meal
    Improperly is sprinkled, MINERAL
    AVENHEIM over erysipelatous
    WATERSparts. OF .
    used occasionally for the following : Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg, and
    1d , Autopsia CADAVER'ICA, (F.) Autopsie, Ou near it isan aperient mineral water .
    terture cadavérique. Attentive examination after AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    death , Examination post mortem , Sectio Cadad- Avennes is a village in the department of Hé
    cris, Dissection, Necroscopy, Necropsy ;—prac . rault in France, and near it is a saline spring, the
    tised for thepurpose of investigating
    and seat of an affection the causes
    of which a person may
    temperature of which rises
    AVENS , COMMON to 84º Fahrenheit.
    , Geum urbanum - a .
    the ai
    have died , &c . Water, Geum rivale.
    e ches
    AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos. AVÉRICH , Sulphur.
    AUTOSITE, from autos, self,' and Oitos, AVERRHO'A CARAM'BOLA . Malum
    aid :
    0024 pourishment. A single monster, capable ofde Coën'se, Prunum stella'tum , Tamara, conga,
    be et riving nourishment from its ownproper organs, Caram 'bolo. An Indian tree, whose fruits are
    He is
    in contradistinction to Omphalosite, (9. v .) agreeably acid . The bark , bruised, is employed
    AUTUMN, Autum'nus, Phthiropo'ron, (F.) as a cataplasm , and its fruit is used as a re
    ofthe Automne. One of the seasons of the year , be- frigerant in bilious fever and dysentery.
    tween the 23d of September and the 22d of De . The AVERRHO'A Bilim'bi , Bilim'bi, Bilim
    cember. In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is bing teres, has a fruit, which is too acid to be
    liable to disease ; a combination of local and eaten alone . It is used as a condiment, and in
    bona
    atmospheric causes being then present, favour. the form of syrup as a refrigerant.
    able to its production . AVER'SIÓN , Aver'sio , artotporn, from ader
    DN, a AUTUM'NAL; Autumna'lis. (F.) Autom- tere, ' to turn from .' Extreme repugnance for
    nale. Relating to autumn; as Autumnal Fruits, any thing whatever.
    Autumnal Ferers, &c . AVERSION (F.) also means , in Therapeu
    AUTUMNAL Fever,generally assumes a bilious tics, the action of medicines which turn the
    aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much afflux of fluids from one organ , and direct them
    . Tur more obstinate than when they appear in the to others: being synonymous with counter-irri
    spring tation , or ratherrepulsion or derivation .
    AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase. AVERTIN , ( F.) A disease of the mind , which,
    gia,fara AUXILIARY, Auxilia'ris, from auxilium, according to Lavoisien, renders the patient
    zle aid .' ( F.) Auxiliare. That which assists ;-' obstinate and furious.
    from which assistance is obtained . AVEUGLE , Cæcus.
    self. AUXIL'IARY Muscles are those which con- AVEUGLEMENT, Cæcitas - a. de Jour,
    quilitz cur in the same movement. Some Anatomists Nyctalopia - a. de Nuit, Hemeralopia .
    have applied the terın to several ligaments, as AVICENNIA TOMENTOʻSA. The plant
    and me well as to the fleshy fibres, which hang from which affords the Malacca Bean or Anacardium
    hic e the sacro-spinalis muscle. Orienta'le of the Pharmacopeias, Semecar'pus
    An AUXIL'IARY Medicine is one which as- Anacar'dium . The oil drawn from the bark of
    kich ces sists the principal medicine or basis. It is the fruit is a corrosive, and active vesicatory,
    synonymous with Adjuvant. but it is not used .
    175 ,
    AUXILIUM , Juvans, Medicament. AVICULA CIPRIA , Pastil—a. Margariti
    AVAILLES , WATERS OF. A small vil- fera. See Pearl.
    lage in France, 13 leagues S.S. E. of Poitiers, AVOIN , Avena.
    streaga at which there is a cold saline chaly beate . It AVORTEMENT, Abortion .
    contains muriates of soda and lime , sulphate AVORTER, to Abort.
    30 and subcarbonate of soda, iron , &c. AVORTIN , Abortion .
    is le AVANT- BOUCHE, ( F.) Os anti'cum . This IVORTON , Abortion ,
    iplde ia name has been applied by some , to the mouth AVULSIO , Arrachement.
    me properly so called , in contradistinction to the AVULSION , Evulsion .
    Arrière-bouche or Pharynx. AX , MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a
    2. Pars AVANT-BRAS, Forearm . small town in the departmentof Arriége,France;
    AVANT-CEUR , Scrobiculus cordis. where there are several sulphurous springs ; the
    AVANT-GOUT, (F.) Prægusta'lio ; a Fore- temperature of which varies from 770 to 1620 of
    that are taste , Prægustation . Fahrenheit.
    tone , AVANT-MAIN , ( F.) Adver'sa Manus. The AXE , Axis - a .de l' @ il, Axis of the eye.
    upo la inside of the hand, when extended . AXEA COMMISSU'RA , Trochoi'des .
    AVANT- PIED , (F.) The most advanced part pivot-joint. See Trochoid.
    of the foot. AXİL'LA , Ala, Ascella , Assella, Ascilla ,
    tom AVANT-POIGNET, (F.) The anterior part Aceļla , Cordis emunctorium , Male, Hypo'mia ,
    its of
    of the wrist. Fovea axillaris , Mas'chalē, (F.) Aisselle. The
    objecdt, AVELINE, Corylus avellana (nut.) cavity beneath the junction of the arm with the
    cix AVELLANA, Čathartica, Jatropha curcas. shoulder ; the armpit. It is bounded ,anteriorly,
    AVE'NA, Oats, Bromos.' The seeds of the by a portion of the pectoralis major; posteriorly,
    itur
    e Add na sati'da. Nat. Ord. Gramineæ. Sex. Syst. by the latissimus dorsi. It is coveredwithhair,
    self, Triandria Digynia. (F.) Avoine. Oats are used contains much cellular membrane , lymphatic
    -as of as food for man, in some parts, particularly in ganglions,important vessels and nerves, and nu
    the North of England and Scotland. When de- merous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an odor
    prived of the husks they form Groats, which ous secretion. In consequence of such secretion ,
    see . Reduced to meal, they are applied as the ancients called it emuncto'rium cordis.
    rus.
    AXILLARY 84 BACCÆ BERMUDENSES

    AX'ILLARY, (F.) Azillaire, from axilla , AZEDARACH , Melia Azedarach .


    ' the armpit.' Belonging to the armpit. AZOODYNAMIA , from a priv. {um , ' life,'
    Arteria Axilla'ris ; a continuation of the and durauis, ' strength .' Privation or diminu
    subclavian, extending from the passage of the tion of the vital powers. - Gilibert.
    latter between the scaleni muscles as far as A'ZOTE , AZOTUM , from a priv. and twr ,
    the insertion of the pectoralis major, when it life .' A 'zote or Nitrogen , Alcaligene, Gas
    takes the name Brachial. azoticum , Zoögen'ium , ( F.) Air gate , Air vicié ,
    VENA AXILLA'RIS, Vena Subala'ris. This vein is a gas which is unfit for respiration . It is not
    corresponds with the artery ; anterior to which positively deleterious, but proves fatal, owing
    it is situate. It is a continuation of the brachial to the want of oxygen . It is one of the consti
    veins; and , at its termination, assumes the name tuents of atmospheric air, and is the distin
    Subclavian. guishing principle of animals. Vegetables
    The Ax'ILLARY NERVE , Scapulo-hu'meral have it not generally diffused, whilst it is met
    ( Ch .) Nerf circonflere, Articular nerve, arises with in most animal substances . It has been
    from the posterior part of the brachial plexus, variously called,phlogistic air, vitiated air, &c .;
    particularly from the last two cervical pairs and has been looked upon as sedative , and recom
    the first dorsal. It is chiefly distributed to the mended to be respired, when properly diluted,
    posterior margin of the deltoid . in diseases of the chest.
    The AX'ILLARY GLANDS are lymphatic AZOTE , PROTOXIDE OF , Nitrogen , gaseous
    glands, seated in the armpit ; into which the oxide of.
    lymphatic glands of the upper extremity open . AZOTENE'SES , from azote, and rooos, ' dis
    AXINE, Ascia. ease .' Diseases fancied to be occasioned by
    AXIRNACH , An Arabic word , used by Al- the predominance of azote in the body . -
    Baumes .
    BOCASIS to designate a fatty tumour of the up AZOTURIA . See Urine .
    per eyelid , observed particularly in children . Coral, Smalt.
    AXIS, Aron, (F.) Are. A right line which AZUR, AZU'RIUM . A compound of two parts of
    passes through the centre of a body.
    THE Axis OF THE EYE , ( F.) Axe de l'ail, mercury, one -third of sulphur, and one- fourth
    called, also, Visual Aris and Optic Aris, is a of sal ammoniac .-- Albert the Great.
    right line , which falls perpendicularly on the AZ'YGES , Az'ygos sine pari, from a priv .
    eye, and passes through thecentre of the pupil. and įvyos, ' equal." Unequal . The sphenoid
    Axis , is also the second vertebra of the neck, bone , because it has no fellow. Also, a process.
    Azon , Epistro'pheus, Maschalisler; the Ver'tebra Proces'sus Az'yges , projecting from under the
    Denta'ta. ( F. ) Essieu. So called because it middle and fore part of this bone .
    forms a kind of axis on which the head moves . VENA Azygos, Veine Prélombothoracique
    Chaussier calls it Axoïde, from ağwr, axis,' and (Ch.)Vena sinepari,Vena pari carens. This vein
    & idos , ' shape .' was so called by Galen . " It forms a communi.
    Axis, CEREBRO-SPINAL . See Encephalon. cation between the V. cara inferior and V. cara
    AXOIDE, Axis—a. Occipitale,Rectuscapitis superior, permitting the blood to pass freely be
    tween the two. It rises from the vena cava in
    poeticus major.
    AXOI'DO-ATLOIDEUS. What refers to ferior, or from oneof the lumbar or renal veins,
    both the axis and atlas ; as Aroido-atloidean ar. passes through the diaphragm , ascends along
    ticulation, the spine to the right of the aorta and thoracic
    The lesions of the Axoido- atloidean articula- duct , and opens into the V. cava superior,
    tion , are, 1. Fracture of the Processus Dentd - where it penetrates the pericardium . On the
    tus. 2. Rupture of the odontoid ligaments , and left side, the semi-AZ'ygos, Left Bron'chial or
    consequently passage and pressure of the pro- leftsuperior intercos'tal vein, V. demi-azygos,
    cessus behind the transverse ligament: and, 3. l'eine petite prélombo-thoracique— (Ch .,) pre
    The simultaneous rupture of the odontoidand sents, in miniature, nearly the same arrange
    transverse ligaments . These different acci- ment.
    dents are fatal. The Azygos MUSCLE , Azygos U'rule , is the
    AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliquus inferior small muscle , which occupies the substance
    capitis. of the uvula. - Morgagni. The name is , how.
    AXON , Axis . ever, inappropriate , as there are two distinct
    AXUNGE , Adeps preparata. fasciculi, placed along side each other, forming
    AXUNGIA, Pinguedo - a. de Mumia, Mar- the Palato-staphyli'ni, Staphyli'ni, or Epista
    TOW-a . Articularis, Synovia — a. Porcina, phyli'ni muscles, Staphyli'ni me'dii of Winslow.
    Adeps præparata.
    AZARNET Orpiment AZ'YMUS , froni a priv . and Çupini, leaven .'
    , , Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened
    AZARUM , Asarum. I bread . - Galen .

    BABEURRE , Buttermilk .
    BABILLEMENT, Loquacity . sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.
    -Hippocr.
    : BAC'ARIS , Bach'aris. A name, given by BACCÆ BERMUDENSES , Sapindus sapo.
    the ancients to an ointment described byGalen naria—b . seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebu-
    under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was lus—b. Myrtillorum , see Vaccinium myrtillus
    BACCAR, & c. 85 BALBUTIES

    -b, Norlandice, Rubus arcticus - b . Piscato- BAHEL SCHULLI, Genista spinosa Indica.
    riæ, see Menispermum cocculus. BAIGNEUR , Bather.
    BACCAR , BAC'CARIS , or BACCHARIS . BAIGNOIRE , ( F.) Baptisterium , a Bathing
    An herb used by the ancients in their garlands, tuh, Bugnio, Solium , Pisci'na . The vessel or
    to destroy enchantment. Perhaps the Digita- place in which bathing is performed. Baig.
    lis purpurea (q. v .) Some authors have erro- noire oculaire, an eye-balh , -a small vessel for
    neously thought it to be the Asarum . bathing the eyes .
    BACCHI'A , from Bacchus, ' wine. A name BAILLEMENT, Yawning.
    applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunk- BAILLON , Speculum oris.
    ard . See Gutta rosea. BAIN , Bath — 6. Chaud, Bath , hot — b. Élec
    BACCHICA , Hedera helix . trique , Bath , electric - b. Electrique, see Elec
    BACHARIS , Bacaris . tricity - b. Entier, Bath, general -b. de Fuu
    BACHELOR'S BUTTONS. See Strych- teuil, Bath , hip — 6. Froid, Bath ,cold—b. Marie,
    nos nux vomica. Bath , salt-water - b. Medicinal , Bath , medicated
    BACIL'LUM , Baculus, Bac'culus ; ' a stick.' -b. de Pied, Bath , foot,Pediluvium — b .de Sable,
    This name has been applied to a kind of troch , Bath, sand-b. de Siège, Bath , hip-b. tem
    composed ofexpectorants, and having the shape péré, Bath, tepid — b. de Tête, Bath , head — b .
    of a stick . Bacillum was used by the ancient Tiède, Bath, tepid — b. de Vapeur, Bath, va
    chemists for several instruments of iron. pour.
    BACILE , Crithmum maritimum . BAINS , MINERAL WATERS OF. These
    BACOVE, Musa sapientum . are situate at Plombières , department of the
    BACULUS , Bacillum. Vosges. They are said to be saline and ther
    BADEN , MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- mal by some ; others deny them any medical
    den is a town six miles from Vienna. Here properties .
    are 12 springs, containing carbonates of lime BALAMPULLI, Tamarindus .
    and magnesia ; sulphates of lime, magnesia, BALANCE , AREOSTATIC , Aerometer.
    and soda ; and the muriates of soda and alu- BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica.
    mina. The water is used in diseases of the BALANEUM , Bath .
    skin , rheumatism , &c . There are two other BALANITIS , Gonorrhea spuria.
    towns of the same name ; one in Suabia, and BALANOBLENNORRHA, Gonnorrhea
    the other in Switzerland , where are mineral spuria.
    springs. The waters of the last are sulphu- BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocas.
    reous . tanum .
    BADIAGA. A kind of sponge , sold in Rus- BALANORRHA, Gonorrhea spuria .
    sia ; the powder of which is said to take away BA_LANOS, Bu 10s, glang, an acorn . ”
    the lividmarks from blows and bruises in a few The glans penis. Hence , Balanoblennorrhæa,
    hours. Its nature is not understood . Blennorrhæa of the glans, and Balanitis, Inflam
    BÅDIANE, Ilicium anisatum . mation of the glans. Suppositories and pessa
    BADISIS , Walking . ries were , also, so called.
    BADUKKA , Capparis badukka. ,
    BAGEDIA , Pound . BALANUS, Glans - b.Myrepsica,Guilan
    dina moringa.
    BAGNERES-ADOUR , MINERAL WA
    TERS OF. Bagnères -Adour is a small town BALARÚC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    in the department of the Hautes Pyrénées, Balaruc is a town in the department of Hérault,
    having a great number of mineral springs ; in France . The waters are saline and thermal .
    some, cold chalybeates; others , thermal salines, They contain carbonic acid , carbonate of lime ,
    but the greatest part sulphureous and warm . carbonate ofmagnesia, muriates of soda, lime,
    The temperature of the last rises as high as 97º and magnesia, sulphate of lime, and a little
    Fahrenheit. iron . They are considered tonic , and are
    BAGNERES De Luchon is a small town in the largely used. Their temperature is about 1189
    department of Haute Garonne , on the frontiers Fahrenheit.
    of Spain. It has been, for a long time , famous The Factitious Balaruc WATER , (F. )
    for its numerous sulphureous springs,the tem- Eau de Balaruc ; Aqua Bellilucana, is made of
    perature of which is from 86 ° to 147° of Fah- simple acidulous water_ (containing twice its
    renheit. bulk of carbonic acid ) Zxxss; muriate of soda
    BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral giss ; muriate of lime, gr.xviij ; muriate of mag .
    spring in London , resembling the Epsom . nesia, gr. 56 ; carbonateof magnesia, gr. j.
    BAGNIO , Baignoire . BALATRO , Bambalio .
    BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. BALAUSTINE FLOWERS . See Punica
    BAGNOLES , MINERAL WATERS OF. granatum .
    Bagnoles is a village in the department of the BALBIS, Barßıs, ' a foundation . ' Any oblong
    Orne. The water resembles that of the Bag- cavity .-Galen. Hippocrates, in his treatise
    nères de Luchon . on the joints, gives the name Balbito'des to the
    BAGNOLS , MINERAL WATERS OF . olecranon cavity of the humerus.
    Bagnols is a village, two leagues from Mende , BALBUS. ( F.) Bègue. One habitually af
    in the department of Lozère. The waters are fected with stammering. A stammerer.
    hydrosulphurous and thermal : 113° Fahren . BALBU'TIES , Psellis'n 'mus, Psel lotes, Bla '.
    heit.
    1 sitas, Baryglossia , Dysla'lia, Mogildlia, Bat.
    BAHEL, Colum'nea longifolia
    plant of Malabar, whose es , bru
    ; a labiated turis'mus, Bambd'lia, Stammering. (F.) Bal
    are ap- butiement, Bég ment. Also , vicious and in
    plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours. complete pronunciation, in which almost all the
    BALCHUS 86 BALSAM OF HONEY

    consonants are replaced by the letters B and L , essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid
    Traulis'mus. gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped
    into the ear .
    BALCHUS, Bdellium .
    BALDMONEY , Æthusa Meum . Balsam , AMERICAN, see Myroxylon peruife.
    BALENAS , Leviathan penis. rum — b. Anodyne , Bates ', Linamentum saponis
    BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus. et opii.
    BALINEATOR , Bather. Balsam , APOPLEC'TIC , Balsamum Apopled
    BALL , Pila. ticum , (F.) Baume apoplectique; a medicine,
    BALLISMUS, Chorea. composed of several balsams properly so called ,
    BALLONNEMENT, Tympanites. resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff consist.
    BALLO'TA FET'IDA , Marru'bium ni- ence, is worn in ivory boxes about the person ,
    grum , Black Horehound, Stinking H. (F. ) and is smelled at, in headachs, &c.
    Marrube noir. This plant is esteemed to be Balsam APPLE , Momordica balsamina.
    antispasmodic, resolvent, and detersive .(?) BALSAM OF ARCa'us, Bal' samum Arcæi, Un
    BALLO'TA LANA'ra , Leonu'rus lana'tus. A guen'tum Elemi, (F.) Baume d'Arcæus ; a soft
    plant of the Nat. Family Labiatæ , Sex. Syst. ointment; sometimes employed in wounds , ul.
    Didynamia Gymnospermia, which grows in cers, & c . It is made by melting, with a gentle
    Siberia. The wholeplant,with the exception heat, two partsof mutton suet,one of lard, one
    of the root, has recently been recommended in and a half of turpentine, and as much resin .
    Dropsy and in Rheumatism and Gout, as a Balsam , Canada, see Pinus balsamea - b .
    diuretic. It is usually given in decoction (Zss Canary, Dracocephalum canariense-b. Capivi ,
    to Zi to Zviij of water.) Copaiba.
    BALLOTTEMENT (F.) Agitation , Succus. BALSAM OF CARPA'THIA , Balsamum Car
    sion, Mouvement de Ballottement, Repercussion, path'icum . (F.) Baume de Carpathie . The resin
    means the motion impressed on the fætus in of the Pinus Cembra, (q. v.) a tree, which grows
    utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by in Switzerland, Libya,and the Krapack moun.
    means of the index finger of one hand intro- tains in Hungary.
    duced into the vagina ; the other hand being Balsam, CHALYB'EATE, Balsamum Chaly
    applied on the abdomen. It is one of the least bea'tum , (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aiguilles ; a
    equivocal signs of pregnancy . mixture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, pre
    BALLSTON SPA . This village is situate pared by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It
    in Saratoga County, New York . The springs, was, formerly, employed in frictions in pains of
    which are much frequented, belong to the the joints.
    class of Acidulous Chalybeates. There is also BALSAM , COMMANDER's , Tinctura benzoini
    a sulphur spring. composita — b. for cuts, Tinctura benzoini com
    BALM , Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal- posita .
    samina – b. Bastard , Melitis Melisso -phyllum- Balsam , CORDIAL, OF SENNER’TUS, Bal' sa
    b . of Gilead, Solomon's , see Tinctura cardamo- mum Cordia'le Senner'ti, ( F. ) Baume cordiale
    mi -b. of Gilead tree, Dracocephalum cana- de Sennert. A stimulant medicine, composed
    riense. of the essential oils of citron , cloves, and cinna
    BALNEA CONOSA , Boue des eaux . mon , of musk , and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15
    BALNEARIUM , Hypocaustum . drops.
    BALNEARIUS , Bather. Balsam , Spir'ItUOUS, OF FIORAVENTI, Bal .
    BALNEATOR , Bather. samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum , ( F.) Baume de
    BALNEUM, Bath—b. Animale, Bath , ani- Fioraventi spiritueux. Different products of
    mal-b. Arenæ , Bath , sand-b. Mariæ , Bath , the distillation of resinous and balsamic sub
    salt-water - b. Medicatum , Bath , medicated. stances , and of a number of aromatic sub
    BALSAM , Balsamum , (q . v.) Bolé'son , Bel'- stances , previously macerated in alcohol, have
    cson . ( F) Baume. This name is given to na- been thus called . The Spirituous Balsam of
    lural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid , Fiorarenti, the only one now used in friction ,
    but very odorous, bitter , and piquant; com- in chronic rheumatism , is the first product of
    posed of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of the distillation from a sand -bath . It is entirely
    an essential oil ;-which allow benzoic acid to alcoholic. The Oily Balsam of Fiorarenti is
    be disengaged by the action of heat; readily obtained by removing the residue ; and distil
    dissolve in volatile oil , alcohol, and ether; and, ling it in an iron vessel, at a white heat. It has
    when treated with alcalis, afford a soluble ben- the appearance of a citrine-coloured oil. The
    zoate, and throw down resin. We know of Black Balsam of Fioraventi, is the black oil,
    only five balsams :- chose of Peru, of Tolu , obtained when the temperature is sufficient to
    Benzoin, solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid carbonize the substances, in the cucurbit.
    Styrax . See those different words. Balsam oF FOURCROY or of LABORDE , ( F.)
    There is, however, a multitude of pharma- Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde ; a kind of
    ceutical preparations, and of resinous sub- liniment, composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
    stances, possessed of a balsamic smell, and to resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil .
    which the name balsam has been given ; but Used in chaps of the skin and nipples .
    they differ essentially in composition and pro- Balsam , Friar's , Tinctura benzoini compo
    perties: hence the distinction of balsams into sita.
    natural and artificial. The natural balsams BALSAM OF GENEVIEVE , (F.) Baume de Gene
    include the five before mentioned : the artifi- vière ; an ointment composed of wax , turpen .
    cial the remainder. tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in
    Balsam , Acous'tic, Balsamum Acous'ticum . contused wounds, gangrene, &c.
    (F.) Baume acoustique. A mixture of fixed and BALSAM OF HONEY ( Hill's ; ) a tincture of
    BALSAM OF HOREHOUND 87 BALSAM OF TURPENTINE

    drops tolu, honey (kā tj) and spirit, (a gallon .) A Parei're -brave. A soft mixture of balsam,
    pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of resin, muriate of ammonia, and powder of the
    perut the New York College ofPharmacy recommend root of the Pareira -brava. It is given , inter
    the following formula :-(Gum Benzoin Zv, nally, to excite the urinary secretion.
    Bals. Tolut Zj, Mellis, f. Zviij, Alcohol Oiij- ALSAM, Peruvian, see Myroxylon peruife
    Apple digest for 10 days and filter.) See Mel . rum-b . of Peru , red , see Toluifera balsamum
    soce BALSAM OF HOREHOUND (Ford's ;) a tinc- b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon peruiferum .
    ture of horehound , liquorice-root, camphor, Balsam Of Rackasi'ra or of RAKASI'RI.
    E coses opium , benzoin , dried squills, oil of aniseed, and This substance is of a yellowish -brown colour;
    e pes
    honey .. The same property as the above. See semi-transparent; fragile, when dry, but sof
    Marubium . tening by heat ; adhering to the teeth, when
    Balsam , HUNGARIAN , see Pinus mughos. chewed . It has a smell similar to that of the
    Toai, Balsam , Hypnot'ıc, Balsamum Hypnoticum , Balsam of Tolu , and is slightly bitter. It is
    ( F.) Baume Hypnotique ; a preparation of which brought from India in gourd shells, and has
    Cods, opium , hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other been employed in diseases of the urinary or
    sedative substances form the basis . It is used gans , especially in gonorrhea.
    externally to provoke sleep , in friction . Balsam , Riga . Prepared from the shoots of
    larc, 3 Balsam, HYSTER’ıc, Bal'samum Hyster'icum , the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine.
    resa
    (F:) Baume Hystérique; apreparation made ofInternally, stimulant and diuretic; externally, a
    opium , aloes, asafetida, castor, distilled oils of vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra.
    3.Capt rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, applied Balsam OF SATURN , Bal'samum Saturni. A
    um (
    to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpen
    hysterical cases. tine, concentrated by evaporation ; and to which
    Thes Balsam, Indian,see Myroxylon peruiferum . camphor has been added . This balsam was
    ichaam BALSAM OF Leic'TOURE, of Condom or Vir- applied to hasten the cicatrization of wounds .
    CEGUERE , Balsamum Lectorense. A strongly BALSAM OF THE SAMAR'Iran, ( F.) Baume du
    ? Cias
    stimulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, Samaritain . A sort of liniment, prepared by
    saffron , musk, and ambergris, dissolved in es boiling together, at a gentle heat,equal parts of
    quia ; sential oils. The ancients burnt it for the pur- wine and oil . It is said to have been the oint
    dolls pose of purifying the air of a chamber, when ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to
    acdi infested with a disagreeable odour. cure a patient covered with ulcers .
    pussi BALSAM OF LIFE , OF HOFF'MANN , Balsamum Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoff .
    Vita Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de vied'Hoffmann. mann.
    bera A tincture, composed of essential oils and am- BALSAM OF SULPHUR , Balsamum Sulphuris,
    Foini co bergris, employed internally and externally as (F.) Baumede Soufre. A solution of sulphur in
    a stimulant. A mixture of essential oils with oil.-B. sulph. anisa'tum , ( F. ) B. de soufre
    s, Ba's out alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam , Bal- anisé. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of
    samum apoplec'ticum , B. aromaticum , B. ce- aniseed ; given as a carminative. - B. sulph .
    compo phal'icum , B. Saron'icum , B. nervinum , B. succina'tum , (F.) B. de soufre succine, A solu
    ind CIEN SCHERZERI, B. Stomach'icum. Employed in fric-tion of sulphur' in oil of amber. - B . sulphur
    €, 6 19 11 tion as a stimulant. terebinthina'tum , Common Dutch Drops, ( F. ) B.
    Balsam or Life, Decoctum aloes composi- de soufre térébinthiné . A solution of sulphur in
    NTI, BU tum — b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura essential oil of turpentine, administered as a
    Barat benzoini composita . diuretic . — The Balsam of Sulphur of RULAND
    oduets BALSAM OF LOCATEL'LI or LUCATEL'L1 , Bal' is a solution of sulphur in linseed oil or nut oil.
    amie som samum Lucatelli, ( F. ) Baume de Lucatel ;'a sort BALSAM OF SYM'PATHY, Balsamum Sympath'
    zatie of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine, icum , ( F.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam ,
    phol, bir sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red used in the days when sympathetic influence
    Balsan saunders. It was once administered in pulmo- was strongly believed in . It was composed of
    i frictia nary consumption . the raspings of a human skull, of blood, and
    to
    irodac Balsam Of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum human fat, and was applied to the instrument
    is entry -b. Mexican, see Myroxylon peruiferum - b. which had inflicted the wound.
    Tataali Natural, see Myroxylon peruiferum . Balsam , Thibaut's . A tincture of myrrh,
    ind disa Balsam, Nephrit'ıc, of FULLER, Bal'sa- aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
    Pat, It be mum Nephiret'icum Fulleri ; a liquid medicine , and Chio turpentine. Internally, diuretic ; ex
    oil. The composed of oils, resins, and balsams, which ternally, vulnerary.
    black have experienced an incipient state of carboni- Balsam OF Tolu , see Toluifera Balsamum.
    thicient to zation from concentrated sulphuric acid. It Balsam, Tranquil , Balsamum tranquillum ,
    rbit. was given in the dose of 15 or 30 drops in cer- | (F.) B.tranquille. A liquid medicine employed
    RDE. F tain affections of the kidneys. externally in the shape of friction : it is pre
    a kind Balsam , Nervous , Bal'samum Nerdinum , pared by maceratingand boiling, in olive oil,
    1, bales (F.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of oint- narcotic and poisonous plants,-belladonna,
    olire ment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, mandragora, hyoscyamus, &c .—and afterwards
    balsam of Peru, camphor, &c. It is employed infusing, in the filtered' decoction , different
    ni com by friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic aromatic plants. It was employed as an ano
    pains. dyne .
    de Get Balsam , PARALYT'IC , OF MYN'sicht. A sort Balsam , TURKEY, Dracocephalum Cana
    K, turpeir
    of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils riense .
    l'ord of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine BALSAM OF TUR'PENTINE, Dutch Drops, Bal'.
    and amber . - Lémery . samum Terebin'thine. Obtained by distilling
    ed
    nctur BALSAM OF PARFU'RA -BRAVA, Balsamum oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red
    BALSAM , GREEN 88 BANDAGE

    balsam is left. It possesses the properties of Styracis, Styrax — b. Styracis benzoini, Benja.
    the turpentines. min - b. Succini, see Succinum — b. Sulphuris
    Balsam, GREEN, OF Metz, Bal'samum Vir '. Barbadense , Petroleum sulphuratum - b . Sul.
    ide Meten'sium , Balsamum Vir'ide, (F.) Baume phuris simplex, Oleum sulphuratum - b. Syria.
    vert de Melz, Baume de Feuillet, Huile terte, cum , see Amyris opobalsamum - b.Tolutanum ,
    O'leum ox'ydi cupri vir'ide. This is composed see Toluifera balsamum - b . Traumaticum ,
    of several fixed oils , holding , in solution, sub . Tinctura benzoini composita — b. Universale ,
    carbonate of copper, sulphate of zinc , turpen : Unguentum plumbi superacetatis - b. Viride ,
    tine, aloes, and the essential oils of cloves and Balsam , green, of Metz-b. Viride, see Fagara
    juniper. It is green and caustic, and is em- octandra .
    ployed to hasten the cicatrization of atonic BALSEM , Amyris opobalsamum.
    ulcers . BAMBA, Bamboo .
    Balsam , VERvAin's , Tinctura Benzoini com. BAMBALIA , Balbuties.
    posita. BAMBA'LIO , Bala'tro, from Bau Bairo , ' I
    Balsam , Wound , Tinctura Benzoini com- speak inarticulately . ' One who stammers or
    posita. lisps , or utters inarticulate sounds. According
    Balsam , VUL'NERARY,OF MINDERE'Ros, Bal'. to Kraus, one who speaks as if he had pap in
    samum rulneru'rium Minderé'ri, (F. ) B. vulné . his mouth, or as if the tongue were paralyzed .
    raire de MINDERER. A kind of liniment, com- BAMBOO, ( F.) Bambou, Bambu . Fam . Gra
    posed of turpentine , resin elemi,oil of St.John's mineæ ; Ser. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The
    wort, and wax. Employed in friction , and as a young shoots of the Bambos arundina'cea or
    dressing to wounds . Arun 'do bambos, and of the Bambos verticilla'ta
    Balsam'ıc , Balsam'icus, from Baloanov, 6 bal.
    contain a saccharine pith , of which the people
    sam .' Possessing the qualities of balsams. Bal-
    of both the Indies are very fond. They are
    samic odour :-a sweet, faint, and slightly sometimes made into a pickle .
    nauseous smell . A balsamic substance ;-One BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA , Bamboo - b .
    resembling the balsams in property. Verticillati, Bamboo.
    BALSAMIER ELEMIFÈRĖ, Amyris elemi. BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmos
    fera — b . de la Mecque, Amyrisopabalsamum . chus.
    BALSAMINE, Momordica balsa mina. BANANA , Musa sapientum.
    BALSAMI'TA SUAVEOLENS, B. odora '. BAMMA , from Banto , ' I plunge ,' ' a paint ;
    ta, B. maris, Mentha saracen'ica , 11. Roma' na. a dye .' Anciently , liquids were so called, in
    Fam . Compositæ Corymbiferæ . Ser . Syst. Sy. which certain bodies were plunged, to moisten
    genesia Polygamia superflua. A plant, common or soften them . In the case of tea, for instance,
    in the south of France , and cultivated in the into which bread is dipped , the tea would be
    gardens ; where it bears the names Menthecoq, the bamma.
    Grand baume, Baume des Jardins. Its smell is BANANIER, Musa sapientum.
    strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It is used WANAUSIA , Charlatanry.
    for the same purposes as the tansey , i. e . as a BANC D'HIPPOCRATE, Bathron .
    stimulant, vermifuge, & c . BANCAL, ( F. ) One who has deformed legs.
    BALSAMITA FEMINEA, Achillea ageratum- It includes the 'ralgus compernis, and varus,
    b. Mas, Tanacetum balsamita_b . Suaveolens, which see .
    Tanacetum balsamita . BANCROCHE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a
    BALSAMO - SACCHARUM , Elæo - Saccha- rickety individual.
    rum . BANDAGE, Desma, Hypodes'mis. This
    BALSAMUM , see Balsam , Amyris opobalsa- word , with the French, is generally used to
    mum - b . Ægyptiacum , see Amyris opobalsa- express the methodical application of rollers ,
    muin — b. Album , see Myroxylon peruiferum- compresses, &c., to fix an apparatus upon any
    b. Alpini, Dracocephalum canariense -- b. Al- part: corresponding to the words deliga'tio, fas
    pini, see Amyris opobalsamum - b. Anodynum , cia'tio, fascia'rum upplica'tio, Epid'esis. With
    Linimentum saponis et opii — b. Apoplecticum , us, the noun is usually applied to the result of
    Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b . Aromaticum ,the application ; or to the bandages them
    Balsam of life of Hoffmann -b. Asiaticum , see selves;-a sense in which the French employ
    Amyris opobalsamum - b. Braziliense, Copaiba the word Bande.
    -b. Calaba, see Fagara octandra - b. Catholi. Bandages are simple or compound . The sim
    cum , Tinctura benzoini composita - b . Cepha- ple bandage is equal, if the turns are applied
    licum , Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b. Copaibæ , circularly above each other ; unequal, if the
    Copaiba-b . Genuinum antiquorum , see Amy- turns are not accurately applied upon each
    ris opobalsamum—b. Hyperici simplex , see Hy- other. If each turn of the bandage be only
    pericum perforatum - 6. Judaicum ,see Amyris covered one-third, it forms the doloire of the
    opobalsamum - b. Libani , see Pinus cembra- French ; if the edges touch only slightly, it is
    b . Mariæ , see Fagara octandra - b. e. Mecca, the moussé ; if the turns are very oblique and
    see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Un- separated , it is the spiral or creeping, (F.) ram .
    guentum hydrargyri nitratis - b. Nervinum , pant; if folded upon each other, it is termed
    Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b. Ophthalmicum the reversed, ( F.) renversé. By uniting various
    rubrum , Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi kinds of bandaging, we have the compound ;
    -b. Persicum , Tinctura benzoini composita — and these compound bandages have received
    b. Peruanum , see Myroxylon peruiferum - b. various names expressive of their figure , or of
    Saturninum , Unguentum plumbi superacetatis the parts to which they are applied, as capis
    —b . Scherzeri , Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b. trum , spica, &c .
    Stomachicum , Balsam of life of Hoffmann --b . Bandages divided , als as ards their
    BANDAGE 89 BARAQUETTE

    uses, into uniting, dividing, retaining, expelling, called tails, (F.) chefs, and the rolled part is
    and compressing. termed its head, ( F. ) globe. If rolled at both
    BANDAGE OF SEPARATE STRIPS, or B. or extremities , it is called a double-headed roller
    SCULTETUS, Fascia fusciolis separa'tim dispos'i. or bandage, (F.) Bande à deux globes.
    tis, seu Sculteti, (F. ) Bandage à bandeletics sé- The word "Bande, in Anatomy, is used by the
    parées ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen French for various, narrow , fat,and elongated
    strips, each capable of surrounding, once and a expansions. Bande d'Héliodore, is a kind of
    half, the part to which they have to be applied , bandage for supporting the mamme.
    and placed upon each other, so as to cover, BANDAGIST . One whose business it is
    successively , one-third of their width. It is to make bandages, and especially those for
    used chiefly for fractures, requiring frequent hernia .
    dressing. BANDE , Bandage.
    The EIGHTEEN -TAILED BANDAGE, Fascia oc- BANDEAU (F.) A kind of simple bandage,
    lod'ecim capitibus, ( F.) Bandage à dir-huit chefs. which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four
    This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion times, and applied round the head. There is
    of a common roller ; and with a sufficient num- also the Bandeau or Mouchoir en triangle or
    ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as triangular bandage , a kind of Couvrechef
    much of the part as is requisite.' It is a very ( which see,) made of a square piece of cloth or
    useful bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone à handkerchief, folded diagonally, and applied
    without disturbing the part. round the head .
    The COMPRESSING BANDAGE or ROLLER, BANDELETTE (F.) Diminutive of Bande,
    Fascia compressi'va seu condolu'ta, (F.) Band- Fasciola , Teniola , Vitta; a narrow bandage,
    age compressif ou roulé, is the simple roller strip or fillet. Also, Tænia semicircularis (q. v.)
    with one head ; and is employed in cases of BANDELETTE SEMICIRCULAIRE, Tænia semi
    ulcers , varices, &c . of the limbs. Whenever circularis—6. des Cornes d'ammon , Corpus fim .
    this roller is applied to the lower part of the briatum — b. des Eminences pyriformes, Tænia
    limbs, it is carried upwards by the doloire and semicircularis — b. de l'Hippocampe, Corpora
    reversed methods above described. fimbriata .
    The Body BANDAGE , Mantile, (F. ) Bandage BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES, small strips,
    de Corps, is used for fixing dressings, &c. to covered with a glutinous plaster. Vittæ aggluti
    the trunk . It is formed of a owel, napkin , or nan'tes . See Agglutinant.,
    some large compress , folded three or four times; BANDELETTES DECOUPEES,are strips of linen ,
    the extremities of which are fastened by pins. notched on one edge, and covered ,on one side,
    This is again fixed, by means of the scapulary with ointment. They are applied to wounds
    bandage,which is nothing more than an ordi- to prevent the lint from sticking, and the lace
    nary bandage, stitched to theanterior and mid- ration of the cicatrix .
    dle part of the napkin , passing over the clavi- BANDURA, Nepentha distillatoria.
    cles and behind the head , to be attached to the BANGUE or BANGI or BENG . A species
    back part of the napkin. of Indian hemp , which Adanson believes to be
    Bandage, Galen's,or B. for the Poor, Fas- the Nepenthes of theancients,Can'nabis Ind'ica.
    cia Galeni seu Pauperum , (F. ) Bandage de Family , Urticee. Ser. Syst. Diæcia Pentandria.
    Galien ou des pauvres , Galea, is a kind of cu- Its leaves and flowers are astringent. They
    cullus orhood, ( F.) Coudrechef, dividedinto are chewedandsmoked. Itsseeds,mixedwith
    three parts on each side; and of which GALEN opium , areca, and sugar , produce a kind of in
    has given a description. See Cancer Galeni. toxication, and are used for this purpose by the
    For Hernial Bandages, see Truss . people of India .
    Bandage, IMMOVABLE , Apparatus , immova- BANICA , Pastinaca sativa.
    ble . BANILAS, Vanilla.
    L
    BANDAGE , INGUINA , Fascia inguina' lis. A BANILLA, Vanilla.
    bandage for keeping dressings applied to the BANILLOES, Vanilla .
    groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is BANISTE’RIA ANGULO'SA . This plant,
    attached a triangular compress, adapted for in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a power
    covering the groin. To the lower extremity ful sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of
    of this, one or two bandages are attached, serpents .
    which pass under the thigh, and are fixed to BANNIÈRES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    the posterior part of the cincture. This band- Bannières is a village in Quercy, Diocess of
    age may be either simple or double . Cahors, France . The waters are probably
    Other bandages will be found described un- chalybeate. They are celebrated in amenor
    der their various names. rhæa, cachexia ,jaundice, & c.
    BANDAGE, PERMANENT, Apparatus, immova. BA'OBAB. The Adansonia digita'ta of Af
    ble - b. of the Poor. See Cancer Galeni and rica ; Nat. Ord. Bombaceæ ; one of the largest
    Bandage, Galen's . productions of the vegetable kingdom . Its
    BANDAGE DIVISIF, Dividing bandage- fruit is called, in the country, Pain de singe.
    b.en Doloire, Doloire — b. Unissant, Uniting aThe
    bandage.
    pulp is sourish, and agreeable to eat ; and
    refreshing drink ' is made from it, which is
    The BANDAGE or Rouler, Fascia , (q. v.) used in ſevers. Prospero Alpini and Dr. L.
    Tænia, Epides'mos, Vin'culum , the Bande of Franck, tbink that the Terra Lemnia was pre
    the French, is derived from (G.) binden , ' to pared , in Egypt, from the pulp. All the parts
    bind.' It may be made of linen, flannel, or of the Baobab abound in mucilage.
    other stuff, capable of offering a certain resist- BAPTISTERIUM , Baignoire.
    ance. The two extremities of a bandage are BARAQUETTE (F.) . A name given by
    12
    BARATHRON 90 BARYTA

    Rasous, physician at Nimes in France, to a Caridæo cortex - b . Yellow, Cinchone cordi


    catarrhal epidemy, which occurred there in foliæ cortex .
    1761. See Influenza. BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA , Cara schulli .
    BARATHRON , Juniperus sabina. BARLEY, PEARL, see Hordeum-b.
    BARATHRUM , Antrum . Scotch , Hordeum .
    BARBA , Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum macu- BARM , Yest.
    latum - b. Capræ , Spiræa ulmaria—b . Jovis, BARNET , MINERAL WATERS OF. Bar .
    Sempervivum tectorum . net is not far from London . The water is of a
    BARBADOES LEG. See Elephantiasis. purging quality, like that of Epsom , and about
    BARBAREA , Erysimum Barbarea . half the strength .
    BARBAROSSE PIL'ULÆ , Barbarossa's BAROMACROM'ETER. Baromacrom'et .
    Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, rum , from supos, ' weight,' yaxgos, long,' and
    rhubarb, diagridium , musk , & c. It was the pergov, 'measure .' An instrument, invented
    first internal mercurial medicine, which ob- by Stein to indicate the length and weight of a
    tained any real credit. new -born infant.
    BARBĖ , Beard-b. de Bouc, Tragopogon. BAROM'ETER , from Bapos , ' weight,' and
    BARBEAU , Cyanus segetum . uerpov, 'measure.' ( F.) Baromètre. An instru.
    BARBER -CHIRUR'GEONS. A Corpora- ment which measures the weight of the air.
    tion of London, instituted by king Edward IV . A certain degree of density in this medium is
    The Barbers were separated from the Surgeons, necessary for health : when we ascend high
    by 18 Geo. II . c . 15 ; and the latter were erect. mountains great inconvenience is experienced,
    ed into a Royal College of Surgeons at the com- owing to the diminished density. Changes of
    mencement of the present century . this character are indicated by the Barometer
    BARBERIE , MINERAL WATERS OF . or Weatherglass.
    These mineral waters are half a league from BAROS , Bugos, ' heaviness. ' Employed by
    Nantes. They contain carbonic acid ,muriates the Greek physicians to designate the feeling
    of magnesia and soda, sulphate of magnesia, of lassitude and heaviness observable in many
    carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They diseases.— Hippocrates,Galen .
    are used as chalybeates. BAROSMA CRENATA , Diosma crenata.
    BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni . BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta , muriate of.
    BARBITIUM , Beard . BARRAS. See Pinus sylvestris.
    BARBOTINE, Artemisia santonica. BARRE ( F.) Barrure, Vara. Projection or
    BARBULA CAPRINA , Spiræa ulmaria . prolongation of the symphysis pubis ;-a de for
    BARDA DIA , Pound . mity rendering delivery difficult.
    BARDANA, Arctium lappa-b. Minor, Xan- BARRÉ (F.) A term applied, in France ,
    thium. to females whose pelves have the deformity
    BARDANE PETITE , Xanthium . described under , Barre.
    BARÉGES , MINERAL WATERS OF. Dents BARRÉES . The molar teeth , when
    Bareges is a village in the department of the roots are spread or tortuous , so that they
    Hautes Pyrénées, near which are several cannot be extracted without being broken ; or
    springs. They are sulphureous and thermal, without a portion of the alveolar arch being re
    the heat varying from 730 to 120 ° Fahrenheit. moved .
    They contain muriates of magnesia and soda, BARRE , MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre
    sulphates of magnesia and lime, carbonate of is a small town, six leagues from Strasburg.
    lime, sulphur, & c. The waters are thermal, and contain much
    These springs have long enjoyed a high re- iron, calcareous salt, &c. They are diuretic
    putation , and are daily advised' in cutaneous and tonic.
    and scrofulous affections, &c. BARREL OF THE EAR , Tympanum .
    Factitious BARÉGES WATER, Aqua Bare- BARRENNESS , Sterilitas, 1
    ginen' sis , ( F.) Eau de Baréges, is made by BARROS , Terra Portugallica.
    adding, hydrosulphuretted water, 3 iv , to pure BARRURE , Barre.
    water ,3 xvijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj,mu- BARYCOCCALON , Datura stramonium .
    riate of soda , gr. ss. Bottle closely. BARYCOITA , Baryecoia.
    BARGADA, Convolvulus pes capriæ . BARYECOIA, Deafness.
    BARIGLIA , Soda. BARYECOI'A or BARYCOITA , Paracu ' .
    BARILLA, Soda — b. Alicant, Soda — b . Car- sia obtu'sa , Disecoi'a , Dyseca'a , Audi'tus diffie".
    thagena, Soda - b . Turkey , Soda. ilis, Obaudi'tio, A. gravis , A. imminu'tus, Hy
    BARILLOR , Soda. pocopho'sis, (F.) Dureté d'Oreille, from papus ,
    BARIUM ,CHLORIDE OF, Baryta ,muriate heavy ,' and axon, hearing. ' Hardness of
    ofmob. Protoxide of, Baryta . hearing , incomplete deafness. See Cophosis.
    BARK , Cinchona- b . Calisaya, Cinchona BARYGLOSSIA , Balbuties.
    cordifolia cortex - b . Caribæan , Činchone Ca BARYI HYDRAS IODATI , Baryta , hydri
    ribææ cortex - b . Crown , Cinchonæ lancifolia odate of.
    cortex - b. Elk, Magnolia glauca — b . Essential BARYOD'YNĒ, from Bagus, heavy ,' and
    salt of, see Cinchona-b. Georgia, Pinckneya oduvn ,' pain .' A dull heavy pain .
    pubescens — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca - b. BÄRÝPHOʻNIA , from Bapus, heavy ,' and
    Jesuit's, Cinchona - b. Loxa, Cinchonæ lanci. porn ,' voice .' Difficulty of speech.
    foliæ cortex - b. Pale , Cinchonæ lancifoliæ cor- BARYPICRON , Artemisia abrotanum .
    tex - b . Peruvian , Cinchona-b. Pitaya , Cin- BAR’YTA , from Bagus , ' heavy , Terra pon
    chonæ Caribræ cortex - b. Red , Cinchonæ ob- dero'sa, Barytes, Protox'ide of Ba'rium , Heavy
    longifoliæ cortex - b . Saint Lucia, Cinchonæ Earth , Po ous Earth, (F.) Baryte, Terre

    1
    BARYUM 91 BASIO-CERATO-GLOSSUS

    pesante. This earth and its soluble salts are (F.) Apophyse Basilaire, Prolongement sous-oc
    all highly corrosive poisons. It is never em - cipital, Cu'neiform Prod'ess,is the bony projec
    ployedin medicine in the pure state. When tion, formed by the inferiorangle of the os oc .
    externally applied , it is caustic, like potassa and cipitis, which is articulated with the sphenoid.
    soda . BASILARY SURFACE, (F.) Surface basilaire,
    The Mu'RIATE or HYDROCHLORATE OF BA . is the inferior surface of this process. It is
    RYTA, Chloride of Ba'rium , Chloruret of Bd - covered by the mucous membrane of the pha
    rium , Terra pondero'sa sali'ta seu muria'ta, Sal rynx.
    muriaticum barot'icum , Baro'tes sali'tus, is the Basilary Fossa, ( F. ) Gouttière ou Fosse
    combination chiefly used . It is given in the basilaire, is the upper surface of the same pro
    form of the Solu'tio Muria'tis Baryta, (F.) So- cess,-so called because it is channeled like a
    lution de Muriate de Baryte. (Baryta Murias, Fossa or Gutter . The Tuber annulare rests
    one part; distilled water , three parts.) It is upon it.
    employed in scrofulous cases, worms, and BASILARY AR'TERY, A. basila'ris, A. cervica'
    cutaneous diseases. Externally , to fungous lis, (F.) Artère ou Tronc basilairé, A. mesocé.
    ulcers and to specks on the cornea. phalique (Ch.) : the union of the two vertebral
    The HYDRIODATE of Baryta , Baryte Hy.arteries. It is larger than either of these, but
    driodas, Baryta Hydriod'ica, Hydraš Baryi smaller than the two taken together. It as
    loda'ti, (in the dry state ,-- the fodide of Ba- cends along the middle groove on the inferior
    ryum , B. Ioda'tum , Baryum iodi'dum) has been surface of the tuber, and is supported , beneath ,
    given in scrofulous and similar mórbid con- by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in the
    ditions. It may be administered internally in posterior cerebral arteries.
    the dose of one- eighth of a grain three or four BASIL'IC , Basilicus, from Baoiàuzos,' royal.'
    times a day, and applied externally to scrofu- This name was given, by the ancients , to parts,
    lous swellings, in the form of ointment, (gr. iv. in
    which they conceived
    the anima l economy .
    to play an important part
    to Zi of lard .)
    Baryta HYDR IODICA , Baryt a, hydri odate Basil ic Vein , Venci Basilica , V. Cu'biti inte
    of. rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cubitale cutanée
    BARYUM , chloruret of, Baryta , muriate of Chaussier. This vein is one of those on
    which the operation of blood -letting is per
    of_b. Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of.
    BAS-FOND. See Urinary bladder. formed. It is situate at the internal part of the
    BAS LASSÉ , Stocking, laced. fold of the elbow , in front of the humeral ar
    BAS VENTRE, Abdomen . tery, and is formed by the anterior and posterior
    BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, cubital veins,and by the median basilic. lt ter
    the decoction of whose leaves, in water, with minates, in the armpit, in the axillary vein.
    ginger, is used as a gargle in diseases of the The ancients thought, that the basilic of the
    fauces. The kernels of the fruit are vermi- right arm had some connexion with the liver,
    fuge. and hence they called it hepatic. The vein of
    BASANASTRA'GALA , from Baoavos, t' or- the left arm , for a similar reason , they called
    ture,' and corpayados, the astragalus.' Pain splenic. The Median Basilic Vein, (F) Veine
    in the ankle joint, gout in the foot. médiane basilique, is one of the branches of the
    BASANISMOS, from Buoančev, " to ex- preceding vein . It joins the median cephalic
    plore.! . A touch -stone.' Investigation or ex. at an acute angle, or rather by a transverse
    amination . - Hippocr., Galen . branch , and receives some branches of the deep
    BASE, Ba'sis, from Bauru, ' I proceed ,' ' I radial and cubital veins, and a considerable sub
    rest,' * I support myself.' That which serves cutaneous vein - the common median .
    as a foundation or support. That which en. BASILIC COMMUN , Ocymum basilicum .
    ters, as a principal matter, into a mixture or BASILIC SAUVAGE, GRAND, Chenopo
    combination. In Anatomy, it is employed in dium vulgare.
    the former sense, as Buse of the Cranium , Base BASILICON or BASILICUM . Royal,
    • of a Process, fc., Base of the Heart, Basis vel or of great virtue. An ointment, composed of
    coro'na cor'dis. In the art of prescribing, Basis yellow wax , black pitch, and resin , of each one
    is the chief substance which enters into a com- part, olive oil four parts. Hence it was called
    pound formula. Unguen'tum Tetrapharmacum , (TEtqaqappard,
    BASIATIO , Coition . ' four drugs.') -- Celsus. Scribonius Largus.
    BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. The Basilicon or BasilicUM , of the Parisian
    BASIL, BUSH , Ocymum caryophyllatum , Codex , is the Onguent de Poir et de Cire. In
    b. Citron , Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, most Pharmacopæias, it is represented by the
    Ocymum Basilicum - b. Small, Ocy mum caryo- Unguen'tum or Cera'tum Resi'ne. It is used as
    phyllatum - b. Wild , Chenopodium vulgare. a stimulating ointment. See Ceratum Resinæ,
    BAS'ILARY, Basila'ris, (F.) Busilaire. and Unguentum Resinæ Nigræ.
    That which belongs to the Base, from Bugis, BASILICUM , Ocymum basilicum - b . Ci
    base .' tratum , Ocymum basilicum-b . Majus, Ocy,
    This name has been given to several parts, mum basilicum .
    which seem to serve as bases to others . " The BASIO -CERATO -CHONDRO -GLOSSUS,
    sacrum and sphenoid have been hence so Hyoglossus.
    called . BẢYSIO -CER'ATO -GLOSSUS, from Baois,
    The Basilary VERTEBRA is the last verte - base ,' zegas, ' cornu ,' and yawood, ' tongue .'
    bra of the loins . A name given to a part of the hyoglossus,
    The BASILARY Process, Processus basila'ris which is inserted into the cornu of the os hy.
    ossis occip'itis, P. cuneiformis ossis occip/ itis, oides and base of the tongue,
    BASIOCESTRUM 92 BATHRON

    BASIOCES'TRUM , from Baois, ' the base,'| part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
    and xeotpa, ' a dart. ' An instrument for open- are immersed .
    ing the head of the fætus in utero , invented by The Hand Bath , Manulu'vium , ( F.) Bain de
    Mesler, a German . Mains ou Manulure, is a bath for the hands.
    BA'SIO- GLOS'SUS , Hypseloglos'sus, Hyo The Foot Bath , Pedilu'vium , ( F.) Bain de
    basioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from Buois, ' base ,' Pieds, a bath for the feet: and the
    and y.wood, the tongue .' A name formerly HEAD Bath , Capitilu 'rium . (F. ) Bain de
    given to the portion of the hyoglossus, which Tête ou Capitilure, a bath for the head.
    is inserted into the base of the os hyoides.- A Half Bath , Semicu 'pium , Ercathis'ma,
    Riolan, Thomas Bartholine. See Lingual . Inces'sio, is one adapted for half the body.
    Muscle . One, for receiving only the hips or extremi
    BASIO- PHARYNGÆ'US , from Baois, ties, is also so called .
    " base ,' and waqvyš , the pharynx. ' A name A SHOWER BATH , is one in which the water
    given to some fibres of the constrictor pharyn- is made to fall like a shower on the body. See
    gis medius .-Winslow . Douche .
    BASSI.COL'ICA . Name of a medicine A Medicated Bath , Balneum medica'tum ,
    composed of aromatics and honey. - Scribonius (F.) Bain médicinal, is a bath , formed of decoc
    Largus. tions or infusions of vegetable substances, or of
    BASSIN , Pelvis-b. Oculaire, Scaphium ocu- any ingredient, introduced into the water for
    lare . therapeu tical purposes.
    BASSINER, to Foment. An ANIMAL Batu , Balneum Animale, con
    BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney , Ranuncu- sists in wrapping an animal, recently killed, or
    lus bulbosus. its skin , around the body or some part of it .
    BATA , Musa paradisiaca . A SEA WATER Bath, Balneum Mar'iæ , ( F.)
    BATABAS , Solanum tuberosum . Bain Marie, consists of a vessel filled with boil
    BATATAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave ing sea water, or salt water, in which the ves
    this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- sel is placed , that contains the substance to be
    cially to the Condoldulus Batatas or Sweet Po- evaporated.
    tato . (q. v.) Our word , Potato, comes from A STEAM Bath may be formed by introducing
    this . steam into the first of those vessels, properly
    BATERION , Bathron . closed , in place of water.
    BATH , Balneum , Balane'um , Loutron, (F. ) A SAND Bath , Balneum Are'næ, ( F.) Bain
    Bain . Immersion , or stay , for a longer or de Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand ,
    shorter duration, of the whole or a part of the and placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the
    body in another medium than the atmosphere . one is put , which contains the substance to be
    Immersion , total or partial, of the body in evaporated.
    water . A Dry Bath is one made of ashes, salt, sand,
    Act of plunging into a liquid , sand , or other &c . The ancients used these frequently for
    substance, in which it is the custom to bathe. therapeutical purposes .
    Also, the vessel in which the water is put for Bathing is much employed in the treatment
    bathing of disease. The cold bath is a sedative and in
    A public or private establishment for bathing: direct tonic, and especially the cold sea bath :
    In Pharmacy ,a vessel , placed over a fire,and the warm bath is a relaxant; and the hot bath
    filled with any substance, into which another stimulates.
    vessel is placed, containing matters for diges- . The regular use of thebath is extremely con
    tion, evaporation or distillation. ducive to health : but if too much indulged in ,
    The Hot Bath, Balneum calidum , (F.) Bain it is apt to produce injurious effects.
    chaud, is a bath , the temperature ofwhich is Bath, NITRO-MURIATic Acid , Scott's acid
    989 and upwards ; the TEPID or WARM Bath , bath — b. Vapour, Vaporarium .
    (F.) Bain tiède, B. tempéré, Balneum tep'idum , BATH , MINERAL WATERS OF, Aque
    from 620 to 989; the Cold Bath , Balneum Batho'niæ vel Bad'izæ , Aqua Solis, Aquæ Bad '.
    frig''idum , Frigida'rium , (F.) Bain froid , be igua. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in
    low 62° a; nd the VAPOUR Bath Bulneum Va. England. They contain butlittle impregnation,
    po'ris, (F.) Buin de Vapeur, Étude Humide, and are chiefly indebted to their temperature,
    from 100° tu 130 °, and upwards . See Vapo- which is about 116° Fahrenheit , for their utility.
    rarium . These waters are employed in the most bete
    Bath, Earth , Arenatio . rogeneous cases ; and are serviceable where the
    An Electric Bath , (F.) Bain électrique, con simple thermal springs are indicated , as in rheu
    sists in placing the person upon an insulated matism , paralysis, & c.
    stool, communicating, by a metallic wire , with BATHER, Balnea'rius, Balinea'tor, Balnea'
    the principal conductor of the electrical ma- tor. (F.) Buigneur. One who bathes. Au
    chine in action. The Electric Bath produces ciently , the name was given to those, that ad
    general excitement of all the functions, and ministered baths to the diseased ,—the Etuvistes
    especially of the circulation and secretions. See of the French . 1
    Electricity. BATHMIS, Bathma, " base , support.' The
    A GENERAL Bath , ( F.) Bain entier, is one , cavity of a bone , which receives the eminence .
    in which the whole body is plunged except the of another ; and especially the two Fossettes at
    head ; in contradistinction to the partial bath , the inferior extremity of the humerus ; into
    Merobaland'um , Merobal' neum. which the processes of the ulna are received,
    A Hip Bath, Corælu'dium , (F.) Bain de Fau- during the flexion and extension of the fore arm .
    Luil, Bain de Siège, is one in which the lower BATHRON , Scamnum Hippocratis, ( q . v . )
    BATIA 93 BEBEERU

    de thigh Bate'rion , ' a step, a ladder.' (F.) Banc d'Hip- BAURAC, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general .
    Bennà
    pocrate. An instrument, used for the exten- From this word comesBorax.
    ands.
    sion of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxation . BAURIN , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    The description of it is found in Galen, Oriba- Baurin is a village four leagues from Roye,
    sius , and Scultetus, with a figure. department of Somme. The waters are strong
    BATIA , Retort. ly chalybeate.
    BATISSE , MINERAL WATERS OF. BAVE , ( F. ) Sali'va ex ore fluens,Spuma, Hu.
    Batisse is three leagues from Clermont in mor sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva , is
    France. The water is tepid , and contains sub suing from the mouth. This driveling , or,
    carbonate and sulphate of soda, sulphates of slavering, ( q. v.) we see in children, old peo
    limeand iron , muriate of magnesia , and carbo- ple , & c. The term is , also , applied to the
    nate of lime . frothy liquid , which flows from the mouth of
    BATOS , Rubus Idæus. rabid animals. Sauvages uses it synonymously
    BATRACHOS, Ranula. with salivation .
    BATTARISMUS, Balbuties. BAY, ROSE , Rhododendron chrysanthe
    icon BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tu- mum - b. Sweet, Laurus—b. White , Magno.
    Ident berosum . lia glauca .
    BATTEMENT, Pulsation . BDALSIS, Sucking.
    BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS BDELLA, Hirudo.
    OF. Baudricourt is a town of France, two BDEL'LIUM, Myrrha imperfecta, Bolchon ,
    leagues and a half from Mirecourt. The wa- Madeleon , Balchus. A gum resin , brought
    lied, ters are sulphureous . from the Levant and India ; and supposed to be
    fi BAUDRUCHES, Condom . obtained from a species of Amyris, little known .
    7. BAUHIN , VALVE OF, Valde of Tulpius, It is solid , brittle , of a deep brown colour,of an
    FalloPIUS OR VAROLIUS, Il'co -cæcal Valve,Ileo- acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It was
    be colic Valde, Valvula llei, Valvula Coli, V. Cæci, much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little
    Oper'culum Ilei, Sphincter llei. This nameis employed,
    given to the valve , situate transversely at the BDĚLLOM'ETER , from ßdeala, ' a leech ,'
    place where the ileum opens into the cæcum , and pleTpov , ' measure.' An instrument, pro
    seperti and which Bauhin says he discovered at Paris, posed as a substitute for the leech ; inasmuch
    in 1759. It had , however,been previously de- as we can tell the quantity of blood obtained
    scribed by several Anatomists ; ' as by Vidus by it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It con
    Vidius , Postius, &c . sists of a cupping- glass , to which a scarifica
    BAUME, Balsam—b. d'Acier, Balsam , chaly- tor and exhausting syringe are attached .
    beate — b. Aromatique, Balsam aromatic - b . BDELLUS , Fart.
    d'Aiguilles, Balsam , chalybeate—6. Apoplecti- BEAD TREE , Melia Azedarach .
    que, Balsam apoplectic — h. d'Arceus, Arcæus, BEAM TREE , WHITE , Cratægus aria.
    balsam of_b. d'Arcæus, Balsam of Arcæus — b. BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Car
    d'Arcéus, Unguentum elemi compositum –6 . thagena –b. Egyptian, Nymphæa nelumbo - b .
    Benjoin , Benjamin — b. Blanc, see Amyris Opo- French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b . Garden , com
    ៥- balsamum - b. du Brésil, Copaiba — b. de Can- mon , Vicia faba - b. Kidney, Phaseolus vulga
    beu nelle, Laurus cinnamomum - b . de Carpathie, ris-b . Malacca, Avicennia tomentosa — b . Pon .
    Balsam of Carpathia — b. de Carthagène, see tic , Nymphæa nelumbo — b. St. Ignatius's, Igna
    Toluifera balsamum—b. de Constantinople blanc, tia amara — b.Trefoil tree , see Cytisine.
    see Amyris opobalsamum - b. de Copahu, Co- BEAR'S BREECH , Acanthus mollis .
    da
    paiba—6. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam , cordial BEAR'S FOOT, Helleborus fætidus.
    of Sennertus—b. d'Eau à feuilles ridées, Men. BEAR'S WHORTLEBERRY , Arbutus uva
    tha crispa — b. de Fepillet, Balsam , green , of ursi .
    Metz - b. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam , spi. BEARD , Barba , Pogon , Geneion, Barbitium,
    rituous , of Fioraventi — 6. de Fourcroy ou de ( F. ) Barbe. The hair , which covers a part of
    Laborde, Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. de the cheeks, the lips , and chin of the male sex ,
    Galaad , see Amyris opobalsamum — b. de Gene- at the age of puberty.
    vière , Balsam of Geneviève - 6. Grand , Tana- BEARWEED , Veratrum viride .
    cetum balsamita-b. du Grand Caire, see Amy . BEASTINGS , Colostrum .
    ris opobalsamum—b . Hypnotique, Balsam , hyp- BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS
    notic_b. Hystérique, Balsam , hysteric — 6. des OF. Beaugency is a quarter of a league from
    Jardins, Mentha viridis_b . de Lucatel, Balsam , Orleans. The waters contain subcarbonate of
    Lucatelli's -- b. Nervin , Balsam , nervous—b, de soda, iron , magnesia , and lime . They are
    Perou, see Myroxylon peruiferum - b. du Sa. tonic and aperient.
    fat maritain, Balsam of the Samaritan-b . Sazon , BEAUMONT ROOT , Gillenia trifoliata.
    Balsam, Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sul- BEAUVAIS , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    ad fur- . de Sympathie , Balsam of sympathy- These waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in
    b . Tranquille, Balsam , tranquil- 5. de Tolu , see Picardie.
    Toluifera balsamum - b . de Vanille , Vanilla-b . BEAVER , Castor fiber - b . Wood , Magnolia
    Vert, see Fagara octandra - b. Vert de Metz, glauca.
    Balsam , green, of Metz - b. de Vie d'Hoff- BEBEERINE. See Bebeeru .
    31
    mann, Balsam of Life, of Hoffmann - b . de BEBEERU , a tree of British Guiana, which
    Vie de Lelièdre, Tinctura aloes composita—b. yields an active principle - Beheerine; and in
    de
    Vrai, see Amyris opobalsamum — b . Vulneraire its properties resembles the Cinchona. The
    de Minderer, Balsain, vulnerary, of Mindere. termittents.
    rus .
    Sulphate of Bebeerine has been employed in in.
    BEC 94 BELLOWS SOUND

    BEC (F.) Rostrum ( q. v.) Beak . This name BEJUIO , Habilla de Carthagena.
    has been applied to various parts. BELA -AYE or BE- LAHE. A tonic and
    The Cos'acoiD BEAK, (F. ) Bec Coracoïdien, astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du
    is the end of the coracoid process. The beak petit-Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be
    of the Calamus Scriptorius, (F.) Bec de la substituted forthe Simurouba .
    plume à écrire , is a small cavity at the superior BE - LAHE , Bela aye .
    part of the medulla oblongata, which forms BEL'S EYE , Belloculus.
    part of the 4th ventricle . BELADAMBOC . A species of convolvulus
    BEC DE CUILLER, Ham'ulus. An instru- of the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid
    ment used for the extraction of balls. It con- milky juice. From this a liniment is formed
    sists of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having with oil and ginger, which is used against the
    at one extremity a small cavity, into which bites of rabid animals.
    the ball is received to be drawn outwards . See BELA -MODAGAM . A kind of Scæcola of
    Cochleariformis . the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con
    BEC DE GRUE MUSQUÉ , Geranium Mos- sidered diuretic and emmenagogue.
    chatum - b . de Grue Robertin, Geraniuni Ro- BELANDRE, ( F. ) . A litter, surrounded
    bertianum - b . de Lièrre, Harelip . with curtains, in which patients are sometimes
    BEC ( LE ,) MINERAL WATERS OF. Bec carried to hospitals .
    is six leagues from Rouen in Normandy. The BELCHING , Eructation.
    water is strongly chalybeate . BELEMNOID , Belenoid .
    BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga. BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid
    BEYCHIC, Bechica , Becha, Bec'chica, Be'- processes.
    chita , from Bng, cough .' (F.) Béchiqué. Me- BEL'ENOID , BEL'ONOID , BELEM'.
    dicines adapted for allaying cough. NOID or BELOID, Belenoi'des or Belemnoides
    BECHITA , Bechic . Proces'sus, from belos , ' an arrow ,' and aidos,
    BECHIUM , Tussilago. • shape .' This name has been given to the sty
    BECHORTHOPNEA, Pertussis. loid processes in general .
    BECUIBA , Ibicuiba . BELONOID , Belenoid .
    BEDEGAR , BEDEGUAR, or BEDE- BELESON , Balsam , Mussænda frondosa ,
    GUARD, Spon'gia Cynos bati, Fungus Rosa- BELI OCULUS, Belloculus.
    rum , F. Cynos bati. ( F.) Pomme mousseuse , BELILLA , Mussænda frondosa ,
    Eponge d'eglantier. An excrescence, which BELINUM , Apium graveolens.
    makes its appearance on different species of BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula tra
    wild roses, and which is produced by the punc- chelium .
    ture of a small insect-the Cynips Rosa. It BELLADONNA , Atropa belladonna.
    was formerly employed as a lithontriptic and BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna .
    vermifuge, but is not now used. It is slightly BELLEGU , Myrobalanus.
    astringent. BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus.
    BEE. Sax. beo, Apis, Melissa, Melitta . (F.) BELLESME,'MİNERAL WATERS OF.
    Abeille. This insect was formerly exhibited, Bellesme is about three leagues from Mon
    when dried and powdered, as a diuretic . tagne in France . The waters are chalybeate.
    BEDFORD , MINERAL WATERS OF . BELLEY , MINERAL WATERS ÓF . The
    Bedford is a village, situate on the great West- waters-at Belley , department of Ain , in France ,
    ern Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pitts- are saline aperients.
    burgh , a few miles east of the chief elevation BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leuoan .
    of the Alleghany mountains . There are various themum .
    springs, saline, chalybeate , and sulphureo
    eous . BELLIS, B. peren'nis, B. minor, Bruise
    BEDSTRAW , LADIES ', GREATER , Ga- wort, Common Daisy. ( F.) Paquerette virace,
    lium mollugo, Galium verum , petite Marguerite. The leaves and flowers are
    BEEBREAD, Propolis . rather acrid. They were , at one time, con
    BEECH , Fagus sylvatica - b. Drops , Oro sidered to cure different species of wounds. It
    banche Virginiana – b. Mast, see Fagus syl- is called also Sym 'phytum minimum .
    vatica . Bellis Major, Chrysanthemum leucanthe
    BEER , Cerevisia. mum .
    BEET, Beta . BELL METAL , Calcocos. ( F. ) Airain ,
    BÉGALEMENT, Balbuties. Métal des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc,
    BEGMA , Barna, according to some Bregma, tin , and a small quantity of antimony, used for
    Bonyna, from Broorly or Borcoeur, ' to expectorate making bells. The mortars of the apothecary
    after coughing.' The sputum or expectorated are often formed of this material . They re
    matter.- Hipp. quire to be kept clean , to avoid the formation
    BEGONIA . The Begonia grandiflora and of verdigris .
    B. tomentosa have astringent roots, which are BELLOC'ULUS, Beli Oculus. A kind of
    used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy , gem , which the Assyrians considered effica
    low fevers, &c . cious in the cure of many diseases. They ima
    BÈGUE, Balbus. gined that the figure of an eye could be seen
    BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen -b. Al- in it, and hence its name, Bel's Eye.
    bum , Centaurea behen - b. Officinarum , Cucu. BELLON , Colic , metallic.
    balus behen — b. Rouge, Statice limonium . BELLOTAS. See llex major.
    BEHMEN ACKMAR , Statice limonium . BELLOWS' SOUND , Brut de soufflet - b.
    BEIAHALALEN , Sempervivum tectorum Encephalic, see Bruit de souffet-b. Placental,
    BEIDELSAR , Asclepias procera. Bruit placentaire.
    D BELLYACHE 95 BETA

    na. BELLYACHE , Colica - b . Dry, Colic , me- Adidum Benzo'icum Flores Benzoes, Flores
    A tonico tallic . Benzo'ini, Acidum Benzo'icum per sublima
    -ar tree. )
    BELMUSCHUS , Hibiscus abelmoschus . tio'nem . ( F.). Acide Benzoique. This acid
    nk it an BELNILEG , Myrobalanus . exists in all the balsams , but chiefly in
    BELOID , Belenoid . the Benzoin . It is in the vanilla , canella, the
    BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro- urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals.
    cesses . Its odour is aromatic and fragrant ; taste hot,
    of cobrani BELONE , Needle . slightly acidulous, and agreeable. The crys
    ains 21 BELONODES , Styloid . tals consist of white , satiny fakes , slightly
    ent is BELUL'CUM, from belos, “ a dart,' and ductile. It is probably stimulant ; and has
    sixo), ' I draw out. ' An instrument, used for been used, as such , in chronic catarrh ; but it
    ed again
    extracting darts or arrows. Many instruments has little efficacy.
    of Seemalisi of this kind have been noticed by surgeons.- BENJOINUM , Benjamin .
    shich a Ambrose Paré , Fabricius ab Acquapendente. BENJAOY , Benjami n
    ze . BELZOE, Benjamin . BENJUI , Benjamin .
    BELZOIM , Benjamin . BENNE , Sesamum orientale.
    ; SUITO BENNET, HERB , Geum urbanum .
    ure scimet BELZO
    BEN INUM, Benjami
    , Guilandina n.
    moringa-b. of Judæa, BÉNOITE, Geum urbanum_b. Aquatique,
    Benjamin - b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. Geum rivale—b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale .
    BEN MOENJA . A Malabar tree . An alex- BENZOE , Benjamin .
    ipharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the BENZOENIL , Vanilla.
    US, Sith country, which is much praised in cases of BENZOIN , Benjamin .
    malignant fever. Its bark , boiled with Cala- BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni.
    BELE mus aromaticus and salt, forms a decoction used BERCE, Heracleum spondylium .
    Belsas BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum .
    in bites of poisonous serpents.
    ,' and BENATH , Pustule . BERENICE , Succinum .
    en lo es BENEDICTU M LAXATIVUM , Confectio BERENICIÚM , Potassæ nitras.
    sennæ. BERENISECUM , Artemisia vulgaris.
    BÉNÉFICE DE LA NATURE , Beneficium BERGAMOTE, Bergamot'ta, ( F.) Berga
    frondes naturæ - b . de Ventre, see Beneficium naturæ . motte. A small orange, of a very agreeable
    BENEFICIUM NATU'RÆ . ( F.) Bénéfice taste ; and a peculiar odour. From its bark an
    de la Nature. This term is used, by the French oil is obtained , which is much employed as a
    Pathologists, for cases, in which diseases have perfume, and sometimes in medicine.
    panok got well without medical treatment. With BER'IBERI, Beribe'ria , Syn'clonus Beribd
    them , Bénéfice de nature or B. de ventre, is syno- ria , Paralysis Ber'iberi. This word is said to
    onni nymous also with Alvi Profluvium ; a sponta- be Hindusthanee, and to mean a sheep. — Bon
    na. neous diarrhea, acting favourably either in the tius. The Beriberi is an Indian disease, little
    prevention or cure of disease, known in Europe. It consists in debility and
    tremors of the limbs, —sometimes, indeed, of
    TERS
    BENEL , Croton
    BENEOLENT , from umbene,
    IAracemos . ' well ,' and the whole body ; with painful numbness of
    from Mo olere, ' to smell .' Euodes. Sweet-scented me- the affected parts, & c. :- the patient walking
    e
    challI dicines, as gums , &c. doubled ; and imitating the movements of
    SOF sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu
    n r BENGA, LE
    BENG Bangue.
    INDORUM , Cassumuniar. matic ; others , paralytic ; others, to be a kind
    ,i f of chorea. It is,almost always, incurable, but
    BENGAL ROOT , Cassumuniar .
    un ke rarely fatal; and is treated by exercise , stimu
    BENIGNHyoscyamus.
    BENGI, , Benig'nus, Euethes, (F. ) Bénin , lant frictions, sudorifics, & c. It is sometimes
    Bénigne. Diseases of a mild character are so called Barbiers.
    called ; as well as medicines , whose action is BERICOCCE , Prunus armeniaca.
    loves not violent, as a Benign Fever, Febris benig'na BERLE NODİFLORE , Sium.
    time, imputris, & c. BERLUE , Metamorphopsia.
    conde BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus .
    BÉNIN , Benign.
    BENJAMIN or} BENZOIN , Benzo'inum , BERRIES, INDIAN , see Menispermum coc
    leucasa Benzo'inum verum ,. Belzdinum , Assa odora'ta , culus - b. Turkey , yellow , see Piper cubeba.
    Benjui, Benjuin , Assa dulcis, Ben 'jaoy, Benjo'- BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of
    ) to
    inum , Belzoz, Belzoim , Benzoë, Styracis Ben- pepper, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium,
    zdini Bal'samum , Liquor Cyreniacus, Croton euphorbium, saffron, & c . The Egyptians used
    oper, Benzoe, Ben of Jude'a, Acor Benzo'inus, Sal it as an excitant. - Prospero Alpini.
    , OS Ad'idum seu essentia'lé seu colatile Benzoes . BERU , MINERAL WATERS OF. Beru
    pooeurrs ( F.) Benjoin, Baume Benjoin , Assa dour. A is in Champagne , France. The waters are
    T
    forma resinous, dry, brittle substance, obtained from slightly chalybeate.
    the Styrar Benzoin , Arbor Benivi, of Sumatra. BESASA, Ruta .
    kida The odour is 'extremely fragrant , and taste BESICLES, Spectacles.
    slightly aromatic . It is principally used for BESOIN , Want–b. de la Vie, Necessary of
    her ist the preparation of the acid which it contains. life .
    A be as
    It is also employed in some vulnerary tinc- BESSANEM . A word used by Avicenna
    tures , and as an expectorant. The Benzoic for redness of the skin , limbs, and face, pro
    Acid is obtained from it by sublimation . The duced by the action of cold .
    purest is in amygdaloid masses : hence called BESSON .BESSONNE.} See Gemellus .
    ( F.)
    Bex'JAM FLOWERoide.
    IN ,amygdal
    Benjoin S OF , or Benzo'ıc ACID , BETA. The Beet, Sidula , (F.) Bette, Bet
    liais
    96 BEZOARDIC
    BETEL

    terave. Family, Chenopodeæ . Sex .Syst. Pentan- , formerly attributed to these Bezoars. There Bu
    dria Digynia. A genus of plants,of which the were two great varieties : the Bez oar orienta'le,
    followi ng are the chiefAlba
    varietie s . Beet. The An'imal Bezoar'ticum orienta'le , formed in the
    1. Beta Vulga'ris , White fourth stomach of the gazelle of India ( Gazela
    root yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a Indica, or rather Antilope cervicapra ;) and
    the Bez'oar occidenta'le, An'imal Bezoar'ticum 31B
    1
    substitute for spinachRUBRA
    2. Beta Vulga’ris . , Red Beet. Rootred occidentaʼle, found in the fourth stomach of the
    and nutritive: yields a small quantity of sugar. wild goat or chamois of Peru. These substances
    3. BETA HYB'RIDA, Root of Scarcity . Root were esteemed to be powerful alexipharmics ;
    red, outside ; white, within. Very nutritive; but the former was the more valued. It was
    yields sugar. believed that no poison , and no eruptive , pesti
    BETEL, Piper Betel. A species of The
    pepper,lential, or putrid disease could resist its influ. A
    cultivated in several parts of India. In- ence . As so many virtues were ascribed to it,
    dians are in the habit of chewing the leaves other animal concretions were substituted for
    with limeand areca ; and they give the name it ; and factitious Bezoards were made of crabs ’
    Betel to this preparation. It is used in all the eyes and claws, bruised and mixed with musk,
    equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said to ambergris, & c.
    be tonic and astringent. It is also called Bette, Bez'oar Bovi'num, ( F.) Bézoard de Bauf,
    Bezoard of the Beef. À concretion formed in
    Bétre, Betle. See Areca. the fourth stomach of beeves ; also, a biliary
    BETISE, Dementia.
    BÉTOINE, Betonica officinalis — b . des Mon- calculus found in the gall -bladder.
    tagnes, Arnica niontana . BEZ'OARD OF CAYMAN. This was once much
    BÉTON , Colostrum . prized. It is now unknown.
    The BEZ'OAR OF THE CHAMOIS , HORSE, &c.
    BETONICA AQUATICA , Scrophularia
    aquatica . exhibit their origin in their names .
    icaBeros'ıca
    purpu'rea, OFFICINA'lis , Cestron , Beton'. The Bez'OARD OF THE INDIAN Por'cuPINE,
    Veton'ica Córdi, 13 .
    & c., Betony, Bez'oar Hys'tricis, Lapis Porcinus , Lapis
    Psychotrophum , Veroni'ca purpurea, (F.) Be- MaluÇEN'sis, Petro del Porco, (F.) Bézoard de
    toine. Family,Labiatæ. Sez. Syst. Didynamia Porc-Épic, was formerlythe dearest of all the
    Gymnospermia. Betony was in much esteem Bezoards,and was sold at an enormous price in
    amongst the ancients, who employed the flow . Spain andPortugal.
    ers and leaves in decoction , in gout , sciatica, BÉZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE , Ægagrophila
    cephalalgia, &c. Antonius Musa is said to –b . Mineral , Antimonium diaphoreticum - b. T:
    have written a volume in praise of it ; recom Vegetable , see Calappite.
    mending it in no less than 47 different diseases . BEZOAR'DIC , Bezoar'dicus, (F. ) Bézoar.
    It has, however, little or no virtue. The leaves dique, concerning the Bezoard. Bezoardic me
    are said to be aperient, and the root emetic, dicines are those supposed to possess the same kann
    Betonica Pauli , Veronica . properties with the Bezoard ; as antidotes, alexi.
    f
    BETONY, Betonica officinalis — b. Water, teria, alexipharmics, cordials.
    Scrophularia aquatica. BEZOARDICA RADIX , Dorstenia contra
    BÈTRE, Betel. yerva.
    BETTE, Beta . BEZOAR'DICUM SATURNI. A pharma
    BETTERAVE, Beta . ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients
    BETULA ALBA. The Birch, (F.) Bouleau as antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of
    commun . The young leaves are slightly odo- lead , butter of antimony, and nitric acid . des
    rous, astringent, and bitter. They are applied BEZOAR'DICUM VENERIS. A pharmaceutical
    to wounds and ulcers. They have been re- preparation , formerly employed in lepra, dis
    garded as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic . The eases of the brain , &c .; and which was made
    tree furnishes a saccharine juice ,which is con- from filings of copper, butter of antimony, and
    sidered antiscorbutic and diuretic. nitric acid.
    BEURRE , Butter - b . de Bambouc, Butter of BEZOAR'DICUM HUMa'num . Urinary calculi
    bambouc - b . de Cacao, Butter of cacao - b. de were formerly employed under this name as
    Coco , Butter of cocoa . powerful alexipharmics.
    BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF. BEZOAR’DICUM Jovia'LE. A sort of greenish kamn
    Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux in Nor- powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of
    mandy . The water is chalybeate . antimony, tin , mercury , and nitric acid .
    BEVUE, Diplopia . BEZOAR'DICUM LUNA'RE . A medicine for LE
    BEX , Tussis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis —b. merly regarded as a specific in epilepsy , con
    Humida, Expectoration-b. Theriodes, Per- vulsions,megrim , &c . It was prepared of ni
    tussis . trate of silver, and butter of antimony. ICH
    BEXIS, Tussis . BezoAr'DICUM MARTIALE . A tonic medi.
    BEXU'GO . Under this name a purgative cine , used by the ancients in diarrhæa. It was SH
    root was introduced into Europe, formerly from prepared from the tritoxide of iron and butter
    Peru . It is supposed to have been the root of of antimony .
    a Hippocratea . Bezoar'dicum MERCURIAʼLE . A medicine,
    BEZ'OAR , BEZ'AAR,BEZ'EHARD, PA'- formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre CH
    ZAHAR, from Persian Pa, against, and pared from the submuriate of mercury , butter
    zahar, poison . ' Lapis Bezoar' dicus, Enterol- of antimony, and nitric acid.
    ithus Bezoar'dus, Bezoard. A calculous concre. BEZOAR'DICUM MINERALE . The deutoxide of
    tion, found in the stomach , intestines, and antimony, so called , because its properties were CIE
    bladder of animals. Wonderful virtues were supposed to resemble those of animal Bezoard.
    BI 97 BILIARY APPARATUS

    BezoaR'DICUM SOLA'RE. A diaphoretic me- The Bıcı'ITAL GROOVE , (F.) Coulisse ou


    dicine , prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and gouttière bicipitale, Coulisse humérale, (CH.,) is
    butter of antimony. a longitudinal groove, situate between the tube
    BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signi- rosities of the os humeri, and which lodges the
    fication as Di. long head of the biceps.
    BIBITORIUS , Rectus internus oculi .Bicipital TU'BERCLE or TUBEROS'ITY, (F. )
    BIBLIOGRAPHY , MEDICAL , from Be- Tubérosité Bicipitale ;-a prominence near the
    Baos, “ a book ,' and youqw, ' I describe. Skill in upper extremity of the radius, to which the ten
    the knowledge of medical books. The most don of the biceps is attached.
    distinguishedmedicalbibliographers have been: BICORNE ŘUDE, Ditrachyceros.
    J. A. VAN DER LINDEN, Amstelod. 1662, 8vo. BICUSPID , Bicuspida'tus, from bis, ' twice,'
    (L. ) M. LIPENIUS, Francf. ad Mæn. 1679, fol. and cuspis, ' a spear. That which has two
    (L.) G. A. MERCKLEIN , Norimb. 1686, ( L.) points or tubercles.
    J. J. MANGET, Genev. 1695 to 1731, (L.) Ta- The Bicus'pid Teeth , Dentes Bicuspida'ti,
    RIN (anatomical,), Paris , 1753, (F.) A. Von (F.) Dents bicuspidées, are the small molares.
    Haller, Zurich , 1774,& c. (L.) Vigiliis Von See MOLAR.
    CREUTZENFELD (surgical), Vindob . 1781, (L. ) BIECHO , Bische .
    C. G. Kuan , Lips. 1794 , ( L.) C. L. SCHWEICK- BIÈRE, Cerevisia.
    ARD (anat., phys., and legal medicine,) Stutt- BIESTINGS, Colustrum .
    gard , 1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. PLOUCQUET, BIFEMORO -CALCANIEN , Gastrocnemii.
    Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.). C. F. BURDACH , BIFURCA'TION ,Bifurcatio; from bis,'twice ,'
    Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.)J. S. Erscu , (since and furca , a fork. Division of a trunk into
    1750,) Leipz. 1822, (G.)TH. Ch. Fr. Enslin , two branches; as the bifurcation of the trachea ,
    (of Germany, since 1750,) Berlin , 1826, ( G.) aorta , & c.
    J. B. Montfalcon , Paris, 1827, (F.) J. FORBES, BIGASTER , Digastricus.
    M. D. , F. R. S. , Lond. 1835. BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable
    BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris . for the intensity and danger of the cerebral
    BICEPHA'LIUM . A hybrid word , from bi symptoms. - Twining.
    and xsgaan , head .' Sauvages applies this epi- BIGLES. See Strabismus.
    thet to a very large sarcoma on the head, which BIGNONIA CATALPA , Catalpa.
    seems to form a double head . Also , a monster BIGNO'NJA IN'dica . The leaves are employed
    with two heads, Diceph'alon , Dicephal'ion. in India, as emollients , to ulcers.
    BICEPS, from bis, ' twice,' and caput, - head .' BIJON . See Pinus sylvestris.
    That which has two heads. This name has BILAZAY , MINERAL WATERS OF. Bi.
    been particularly given to two muscles ; one lazay is a town in France, two leagues from
    belonging to the arm , the other to the thigh. Thouar, department of Deux Sèvres, near
    BICEPS FLEXOR CRURIS, Biceps Cruris , Bi- which is a thermal sulphureous spring. Tem .
    ceps, ( F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is - perature about 77 ° Fahrenheit.
    chio.fem'oro pero'nier— (Ch.) A muscle on the BILBERRY , Vaccinium myrtillus — b. Red,
    posterior part of the thigh ; one head arising Vaccinium vitis idæa.
    from the tuberosity of the ischium , and the BILE, Bilis, Fel, Cholos, Chole, (F.) Bile,
    other from a great part of the linea aspera. It Fiel. A yellow , greenish, viscid , bitter, nau
    is inserted into the top of the fibula . It serves seous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is distin
    to bend the leg on the thigh . guished into hepatic and cystic ; according as it
    BICEPS Flexor Cu'biti , Biceps Brachii, ( Hows immediately into the duodenum from the
    Cor'uco-rudia'lis or Biceps, Biceps manus, Bi-| liver or from the gall bladder. It contains soda ;
    ceps inter'nus, Biceps inter'nus hu'meri, ' (F.) phosphate, sulphate, and muriate of soda :-á
    Scap'ulo-radial (Ch.,) —Biceps Brachial.A mus- little phosphate of lime and oxide of iron :
    cle, situate at the anterior and internal part of albumen , and a yellowish and resinous matter.
    the arm ; and extending from the edge of the Its use is,-to complete the digestive process in
    glenoid cavity and from the top of the coracoid the small intestines , by aiding in the separa
    process to the tuberosity of the radius. It bendstion of the chyle.
    the fore -arm upon the arm . Bile , Furunculus-b. Black , Atrabilis - b.
    BICEPS Exter'NUS, Mus'culus. The long deThe
    Beuf,see Bile—6. Repandue, Icterus.
    portion of the_TricepsBrachia'lis.-- Douglas. Gall OF THE Ox, Ox Gall, Fel Tauri,
    BICHET, Terra Orleana. Fel Bovis, ( F.) Bile de Beuf, was once reputed
    BICHICHIÆ . Pectoral medicines , com- cosmetic and detergent, antiotalgic and em
    posed of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched al- menagogue; as well as to possessthe power of
    monds, & c . - Rbazes. facilitating labour. It has also been given as a
    BICHIOS , Dracunculus. bitter stomachic and anthelmintic .
    BICHO , Dracunculus. The Gall OF THE BEAR , Fel Ursi, was
    BICHO' DI CULO ,(S.) A disease about thought to be antiepileptic, and that of the Eel,
    theanus,saidto be endemic in Brazil. It is Felanguillæ, to facilitate labour.
    attributed to bad food ; the use of pimento , & c.; BIL’IARY, Bilia'ris, Bilia'rius. That which
    and is treated by astringents. relates to bile .
    BICHOS ; a Portuguese name for the worms BIL'IARY APPARATUS ,B. organs, B. passages.
    that get under the toes of people in the Indies; The collection of parts, that concur in the
    and which are destroyed by the oil of the secretion and excretion of bile :- viz. the
    cashew nyt. liver, pori biliarii ortubuli biliferi ; hepa
    tic, cystic , and choledoch ducts and gall-blad
    BICIP'ITAL, Bicipita'lis ; relating to the der.
    biceps.
    13
    BILIEUX 98 BISTOURI

    BIL’IARY CONCREʼTIONS are concretionsfound 9.822. Fusible at 400 ” Fahrenheit, and volati TH
    in some parts ofthe biliary apparatus. lizable at a high temperature. It is used only time
    BILIEUX, Bilious. in the preparation of the subnitrate . BI
    BILIMBI , Averrhoa bilimbi. BISMUTH, SUBNITRATE OF, Oxyd of Bismuth , Seach
    BILIMBING TERES , Averrhoa bilimbi . Marcasi'la alba , Plumbum cinereum , Mag'is subst
    BIL’IOUS , Bilio'sus, Epich'olos,Picroch'olos, tery of Bismuth , Pearl White, Spanish White, great
    (F.) Bilieuz. Thatwhich relates to bile, con- Magisterium Marcasita , Bismuthum Nitri ancie
    iains bile , or is produced by bile . An epithet cum , B. Subnitricum , Nitras Subbismu'thicum ,
    Teat .
    given to certain constitutions and diseases, Nitras Bismuthi, Calz Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum BIT
    which are believed to be the effect of super- orydula'tum album , (F.) Sousnitrate de bismuth ,
    abundance of the biliary secretion ; as Bilious Oride blanc de B. , Blanc de fard, Blanc de perle. Tords
    temperament, B. Symptoms, B. fever. It considered to be tonic and antispasmodic , freel
    BILUMBÍ BITING -BING , Malus Indica. and has been chiefly used in gastrodynia.
    BIM'ANUS . One that has two hands . BISSUS . The silky filaments, which fix the
    A BIT
    term applied only to man , because he is the Pinna Mari'na to the rocks. In Italy and Cor drBIT
    sole mammiferous animal that possesses two sica, clothes are made of these , which are con ets
    perfect hands . sidered to favour perspiration , and are recom
    BINDWEED , GREAT, Convolvulus sepi. mended to be worn next the skin in rheuma
    um-b. Lavender-leaved, Convolvulus canta- tism , gout, & c. - See Byssus.
    brica_b . Sea , Convolvulus soldanella. BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bis BIT
    BINKOHUMBA , Phyllanthus urinaria . torta . BIT
    BINOCULUS, Bin'ocle,Diophthalmica Fas- BISTORTA , Polygonum bistorta.
    cia, Oculis dupler, from bis, ' twice ,' and oculus, BISTORTIER , (F.) A name given , by the
    an eye.' (F.) Éil double. A bandage applied Pharmacien , to a long wooden pestle used for BITT
    over both eyes. It was, also, formerly called reducing soft substances to powder, and in the
    preparation of electuaries .
    Diophthalmus . BIT !
    BIN SICA. Disorder of the mind. According BISTOURI, (F.) Pistorien'sis gla'dius, Scal t , do
    bat
    to Van Helm ont, an atrophy of the organ of pellus ; from scal'pere, " to cut. A Bistoury.
    imagination . A small cutting knife, used in Surgery, so F25457
    BIODYNAMICS, Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'- called, according to Huet, from the town of
    icē ; from Bros , 'life,' and durauis, power,' Pistori, which was formerly celebrated for the BIV
    force. The doctrine of the vital activity, or manufacture of those instruments. A bistoury FINS
    forces. has the form of a small knife, and is composed BINE
    BIOGAMIA,Magnetism , animal. of a blade and handle . The blade , which is BLA
    BIOLOGY, Physiology. most commonly movable in the handle, may be BLA
    BIOLYCHNION, Animal heat. fixed by a button, spring, & c. When fixed in BLA
    BIOLYCH'NIUM , from Bros, ' life,' and the handle, the bistouri is called by the French, ho
    Tugriov , “ a lamp. Innate heat, vitalheat. Also , B. à lame fixe ou dormante. ELA
    a secret preparation of which Beguin and Bur- The chief Bistouries are :-1 . The STRAIGHT BLA
    GRAVE make mention . B. (F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting BLI
    BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetisms, animal. edge are straight: the point being fine, round, BLE
    BIOS,proç. Life, (q. v .) Also, whatis neces- or square. 2. The convex B. (F.) B. contere;
    sary for the preservation of life. the blade of which is convex at the cutting tenin
    BIOTE , Life. t
    edge, concave at the back . 3. The CONCAVE
    BIOTHAN'ATI,—from Bros, ' life, and ga- B. (F.) B. concave ; the blade of which is con ube
    vatos,' death .' Those who die very suddenly , or cave at its edge, and convex at the back. 4. bar
    as if there was no space between life and death . BLUNT- POINTED B. (F.) B. boutonné ; the blade e
    BIR, Thorax. of which has a button at its extremity. -5. The Trail
    BIRA , Cerevisia. BLUNT OR PROBE - POINTED BISTOURI of Port is BLL
    BIRCH , Betula alba . concave at its cutting edge, and its point is med di
    BIRTH , CROSS, Presentation , preternatu- blunt; so thatit can be carried on the palmar EL
    ral . surface of the index finger , to divide the stric HoteAl
    BIRTHWORT, Aristolochia . ture , in strangulated hernia. Sir Astley Cooper
    BISCHE , Biecho. A malignant kind of dy- has recommended a useful modification of this,
    sentery, which often prevails in the Island of to avoid wounding the intestine , should it come
    Trinidad, in contact with the edge of the knife. His
    BIS'CUIT, Biscoctus, twice baked.' A kind Bistouri has an edge of not more than eight BLA
    of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is variously lines in length , and situate about five lines Fwd.
    made ; and, when without eggs or butter, is from the point.' 6. BistoURL A LA LIME, (F.) is
    easy of digestion. It was formerly called Dipy a straightBistoury ; the blade fixed in the han
    ri'tes , dın voltys,and Dip'yros. dle ; the extremity with a button , and the edge h.
    BISERNAS , Salvia sclarea. made with a file . It is chiefly used for dilating
    BISFERIENS , Dicrotus . parts . 7. BISTOURI ROYAL , ( F.) A Bistouri,
    BISHOP'S WEED , Ammi . used in operating upon Louis XIV . , for fistula with
    BISLINGUA , Ruscus hypoglossum . in ano. 8. BISTOURI GASTRIQUE , ( F. ) A com
    BISMALVA , Althæa. plicated instrument, invented by Morand , for di
    BISPIRUS, Dipnoos. lating wounds of the abdomen . 9. The BistouRI
    BISMUTH , Bismu'thum , Wismu'thum , Reg'- CACHÉ, B.herniaire,ou Attrape-lourdaud de Bien BL
    ulus of Bismuth , Marcasi'ta , Tin Glass. (F.) naise.' A curved bistouri , the blade of which
    Étain gris, E. de Glace. A metal, in spicular is placed in a canula, whence it issues on press
    plates , of a yellowish -white colour ; s. gr. ing a spring.
    BL
    To
    !

    BIT NOBEN 99 BLENNEMESIS

    olati The word Bistouri is used by the French , at to bleach. To deprive of the outer rind ; as
    only times, where we would employ knife. ( to blanch almonds ;' i . e . to peel them .
    BIT NOBEN , Salt of Bitumen, Padnoon, BLANCHET, (F.) A blanket. A term
    Soucherloon, Khala mimuc. A white, saline given , by the French Pharmaciens , to the wool
    substance, which is a Hindoo preparation of len strainer, through which they filter syrup
    名, great antiquity, and has been supposed to be and other thick fluids.
    ini the Sal Asphalti'tes and Sal Sodoménus of the BLANCNON ORIBASIJ , Polypodium filix
    ancients. It is used by the Hindoo in the pre- mas.
    vention or cure of almost all diseases . BLAS ; an unmeaning term , invented by
    BITHNIMAL'CA or GAS'TERANAX . Two Van Helmont, to designate a kind of movement
    words, used by Dolæus, to designate an active in the body ; at times, local, at others, under
    principle supposed to have its seat in the sto- extraneous influence. Thus he speaks of the
    mach , and preside over chymification , & c . Blas meteoros, or of the heavenly bodies , and
    BITTER , Amarus — b. Holy, Hiera picra. the Blas huma'num, that which operates in man .
    Er BITTERNESS, Amaritu'do, Amarities, Am- BLASE, ( F. ) An epithet given to one whom
    a'ror, Picria, ( F. ) Amertume . A particular the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from
    taste, which belongs to many substances. In any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
    some diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt from it.
    in the mouth . BLASTE'MA , Blaste'sis, from Baaotavw, ' I
    BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara. bud ? A germ , (q . v .) The sense of this word,
    由

    BITTERS , COLUMBO , Tinctura Calumbæ which isoften used by Hippocrates, is obscure.


    -b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianæ composita - b. Castelli thinks it means the eruption of some
    be Wine , Vinum gentianæ comp. morbific principle at the surface of the body.
    BITTOS . Å disease, in which the chief BLASTODERMA . See Molecule.
    2
    symptom is an acute pain in the anus. Chomel. BLATTA BYZAN'TIA , Unguis odora'tus,
    BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum ( F.) Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, for
    -b. Judaicum , Asphaltumn - b. of Judæa, As- merly, to have been given to a marine produc
    phaltum -- b. Petroleum, Petroleum-b. Malta , tion, from some of the Conchylia. It had an
    Pissasphaltum_b. Salt of, Bitnoben—b. Soli- agreeable smell , a reddish tint, and the shape
    I dum , Asphaltum . of a nail . It was prescribed in epilepsy, hys
    BIVENTER, Digastricus—b. Cervicis, Com- teria, and hepatic obstructions. Rondelet af
    plexus musculus. firms that it was the production of the shell
    BIXA ORLEANA , Terra Orleana. fish murex or purpura ; and that the name Blatta
    BLABE , Wound . is derived from ihe Greek płat10$, ' purple . '
    BLACCIÆ , Rubeola . BLAVELLE , Centaurea cyanus.
    BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN . See Rubus BLAVÉOLE , Centaurea cyanus .
    fruticosus. BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
    BLACKWATER, Pyrosis. BLÉ, Bladum. This word answers , in
    BLADUM , Blé . France, to the word Corn ( 9. v .) in England ;
    BLÆSITAS, Balbuties. i . e . any kind of grain employed for making
    BLÆ'SITAS, Blesa lingua. Some authors bread . Wheat being most commonly used for
    have used this word as synonynious with stam- this purpose , Blé is sometimes restricied to this.
    mering. See Balbuties . Sauvages understands Blé méteil is a mixture of wheat and rye .
    by it a defect in pronunciation , which consists BLE , CORNU, Ergot — b. d'Espagne, Zea
    in substituting soft consonants for those that mays-b. d'Italie, Zea mays — b. Noir, Polygo
    are hard ; as the z for s, the D for T, the s for num fagopyrum — b. de Turquie , Zea mays.
    G and J , & c . Also , Lisping , Traulis'mus, BLE ( PARLER ,) Blæsitas.
    Trau'lotes, ( F. ) Blésité, Blé ( parler.) BLEA BERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
    BLÆSUS. A distortion ; especially the out- BLEACHING LIQUID , Eau dejavelle.
    ward distortion of the legs . Also , a stammerer. BLEAR EYE , Lippitudo.
    BLAFARD , ( F. ) Pallidus, Pallidulus. This BLEB , Bulla .
    epithet is sometimes given to the skin , when BLECHNON , Polypodium filixmas.
    pale and dull ; but, inost frequently, to the BLECHNUM LIĞNIFOLIUM , Asplenįum
    Aesh of a wound, when it has lost its colour, scolopendrium - b. Squamosum , Asplenium ce
    and become white. The word is , also, some. terach .
    times used synonymously with Albino, (q . v .). BLECHROPYRA . See Blechros.
    BLANC DE BALEINE, Cetaceum - b. de BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior.
    Fard, Bismuth , subnitrate of_b. de l'æil, Scle . BLECHROS , Bingoos , weak , feeble, slow . '
    rotic_b. d'æuf, Albumen ovi-b . de Perle, Bis- An epithet, applied to different affections, and
    muth , subnitrate of. particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop 'yra, 'a
    BLANC MANGER, (F. ) Cibus albus, Leu- slow fever : Blechrosphyg'mia , ' a slow pulse .'
    copha'gium , Argyrotrophe'ma. An animal jelly, BLECHROSPHYGMIA. See Blechros.
    ( so called on account of its colour,) combined BLED, Corn.
    with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to which BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE , Epistaxis.
    sugar has been added , and some aromatic . It BLÈME, (F.) This word has nearly the same
    is sometimes prescribed as a nutrient in conva- signification asBlafard. Generally, however, it
    lescence and chronic diseases. includes , also, emaciation of the countenance.
    BLANC RHAZIS or BLANC - RAISIN . An BLENNA , Mucus-b. Narium , Nasal mucus.
    ointment composed of cerusse , white wax , and BLENNELYT'RIA , from Bierva, 'mucus,'
    olive oil. and sautpov, ' a sheath .' A discharge of mucus
    BLANCA , Plumbi subcarbonas . from the vagina.Leucorrhæn. ( q. v. ) Alibert.
    TO BLANCH , from (F. ) blanchir, ' to whiten, BLENNÉM'ESIS, Blennoëm'esis , Vom'itus
    BLENNENTERIA 100 BLOOD

    pituito'sus, from Baerra, mucus,' and EEOIS , BLEPHAROSPASMUS ; from Biegacor,


    .
    vomiting. Vomiting of mucus. eyelid ;' and anaouos, spasm ,' a spasmodic
    BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery. actionof the orbicularispalpebrarum muscle.
    BLENNISTH'MIA , from prevra , 'mucus,' BLEPHAROPTOʻSIS , Blepharople'gin , Ca
    and 109 the gullet.' Increased flow of sus palpebræ superioris, Delap'sus palpebræ,
    mucus from the pharynx and larynx .- Alibert. Prolap'sus pal'pebræ,, Proplo'sis palpebre,
    BLENNOEMESIS , Blennemesis . Pto'sis pal'pebræ, Ato'niaton blepharon , from
    BLENNOG'ENOUS, Blennog'enus, from Basqaqov, the eyelid ,' and a twois, ' fall.' A
    plevra , ' mucus, ' and yeraw, ' I form .' Forming falling down of the upper eyelid over the eye ,
    or generating mucus. Breschet and Roussel caused by a paralysis of the Levator pal'pebre
    de Vauzème describe an apparatus of this kind superioris muscle. This paralysis is an unfavour
    for the secretion of the mucous matter that able symptom , as it isgenerally connected with
    constitutes the cuticle, composed of a glandu. a state of the brain favouring apoplexy or palsy.
    lar parenchyma or organ of secretion situate in BLEPHAROPTosis EcTROPIUM, Ectropium - b.
    the substance of the true skin , and of excretory Entropion, Entropion .
    ducts, which issue from the organ, and depo- BLEPHAROTIS , Ophthalmia tarsi.
    site the mucousmatter between the papillæ . BLEPHAROTITIS , Ophthalmia tarsi.
    BLENNOPHTHALMIA , Ophthalmia, (pu- BLEPHAROTOSIS , Ectropium .
    rulent.) BLEPHAROXYSTUM , from Biegajor,
    BLENNUP'TYSIS, from plevra, and itvw, ' eyelid ,' and gvw, ' I scrape .' An instrument
    'I spit .' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh ( q. v .) used , by the ancients , for removing callosities ,
    BLENNOPYR'IA , from Bierra , and avo, which made their appearance in the affection
    fire.' Alibert has classed, under this head, called , by the Greeks, tpaxopa.—Paulus of
    various fevers with mucous complications; as Ægina, Gorræus.
    Mesenteric fever , Adeno-meningealfever , & c. BLESITÉ, Blæsitas.
    BLENNORRHAGIA , Gonorrhea - b . Ge- BLESSURE , Abortion, Wound.
    nitalium , Leucorrhæa --b. Notha, Gonorrhæa BLESTRIS'MOS . Restlessness of the sick .
    spuria - b. Spuria, Gonorrhæa spuria. -Hippocr.
    BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS , Her- BLETA . A word , used by Paracelsus for
    nia humoralis . white or milky urine , arising from diseased
    BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE , Gonorrhea kidneys. Blota alba has the same meaning.
    spuria - b. du Gland, Gonorrhea spuria. BLEVILLE , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    BLENNORRHINIA , Coryza , Bleville is a village about two miles from
    BLENNORRHEA , Blennorrhoë, Blennor. Havre . The waters are acidulous chalybe
    thag'ia, Phlegmorrhæa, Phlegmorrhag''ia, from ates.
    Bevra, 'mucus ,' and peo), ' I flow .' Inordinate BLINDNESS , Cæcitas.
    secretion and discharge of mucus . BLISTER, Vesicato'rium , Emplastrum Vesi
    BLENNORRHEA, Gonorrhæa - b. Chronica, cato'rium , Emplastrum Lytta , Epispasticum ,
    (gleet,) see Gonorrhea—b. Genitalium , Leu- from Vesi'ca, - a bladder, (F.) Vésicatoire, Vé
    corrhæa - b. Luodes, Gonorrhea impura- sicant. Any substance which, when applied to
    b . Nasalis, Coryza—b. Urethralis, Gonorrhea the skin , irritates it, and occasions a serous se
    -b . Urinalis, Cystorrhea — b. Vesicæ , Cystor. cretion, raising the epidermis , and constituting
    rhea. a vesicle . Various articles produce this effect,
    BLENNOʻSES , from Bhaira, ' mucus.' Af- as cantharides,mustard ,garou ,euphorbium , gar
    fections of the mucous membranes . - Alibert. lic , ammonia ,& c.
    BLENNOTHORAX , Catarrh , Peripneumo- Blisters are used as counter -irritants. By
    nia notha -- b . Chronicus, Asthma humidum . exciting a disease artificially on the surface, we
    BLENNOTORRHEA , Otirrhea . can often remove another, which may be at the
    BLENNURETHRIA , Gonorrhæa. time existing internally.
    BLENNURIA , Cystorrhea. A perpetual blister is one, that is kept open
    BLEPHARELOSIS , Entropion . for a longer or shorter time by means of appro
    BLEPHARIDES , Cilia. priate dressings.
    BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplas- Blister or vesication also means the vesicle
    tice produced by vesicatories.
    BLEPHARITIS , Ophthalmia tarsi. BLISTERING FLY , Cantharis.
    BLEPHAROBLENNORRHEA, Ophthal- BLOOD , Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis,
    mia, purulent. An animal fluid,
    Hæma, sera , (F.) Sang.
    BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydro- formed chiefly from the chyle ; acquiring im
    blepharon. portant properties during respiration ; entering
    BLEPHARON
    Blepharoptosis .
    , Palpebra — b. Atoniaton, every organ through the circulation ; distribu
    ting the nutritiveprinciples to every texture,
    BLEPHARONCOʻSIS, Palpebrarum Tumor, and the source of every secretion. The blood
    from Begagov, ' eyelid . A tumour on the is white, in the molluscous and inferior ani.
    eyelid ! mals, which have been , hence, called white
    BLEPHAROPHTHALMIA , Ophthalmia blooded, to distinguish them from the red
    tarsi. blooded ; which class includes the mammalia, 1
    BLEPHAROPLASTICĒ , Blepharidoplas'- birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood is
    tice, Insisio Ciliorum from prevapor,' the eye composed of water, albumen , fibrine, an animal
    lid ,' and quotixos , " forming ,' formative . ' colouring substance, a little fatty matter, and 1
    The formation of a new eyelid . different salts ; as muriates of potass and soda ,
    BLEPHAROPLEGIA , Blepharoptosis. phosphate of lime, subcarbonate of soda, lime ,
    BLOOD BLACK 101 BODY

    magnesia , oxide of iron, and lactate of soda, a vessel to draw blood from it. When practised
    united with an animal matter. on an artery, it is called Arteriot'omy; on a
    Arterial blood is of a florid red colour, strong vein , Phlebotomy; and on the capillary vessels ,
    smell, temp. 100 ° ; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood local or capillary, in contradistinction to the
    is of a brownish -red; temp. 98° ; s. g. 1.051. former,which is termed general.
    This difference in colour has given occasion to Blood-letting is used both during the exist
    the first being called red blood ; the latterblack . ence of a disease, as in inflammation , and in
    The former, which is distributed from the heart, the way of prophylaxis . It is employed to ful
    is nearly the same through its whole extent: fil various indications. 1. To diminish the
    the latter is the remains of the arterial blood actual mass of blood ;-when it is termed , by
    after the different elements have been taken the French Pathologists, Saignée évacuative.
    from it, in nutrition , and probably differs in In such case , fluids ought not to be allowed too
    composition. It likewise contains different freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the Saignée turges
    substances absorbed . Venous blood , taken cence in any particular organ- ( (F.)
    from a vessel and left to itself, becomes solid; révulsive, when performed far from the part
    and separates into two distinct parts ; -the affected ; and Saignée dérivative, when near.)
    serum or watery, supernatant fluid ; and the 3. To diminish the consistence ,or the red par
    cruor, coagʻulum , crassamen'tum ,hepar sangui- ticles, of the blood , ( (F.) Saignée spoliative.)
    ris, placen'ta, in'sula , or clot. The serum is The immediate effects of blood-letting are : di
    chiefly water, holding albumen in solution and minution of the mass of blood and of heat; re
    the salts of the blood. The clot contains the tardation of the pulse , and sometimes syncope .
    fibrine, colouring matter, a little serum , and a Blood-letting from the veins, or phlebotomy, is
    small quantity of salts. The colouring portion practised on the subcutaneous veins of the neck,
    of the blood consists of red globules, which ihe face , the fore-arm , and the leg; sometimes
    contain iron ; and this is probably one of the on those of the hand or foot. The necessary
    agents of the coloration operated in the lungs : apparatus consists of a bandage or riband, a
    -the oxygen of the air combining with the compress of rag , and a lancet or phleam.
    venous blood in the pulmonary artery. In dia- The veins selected for the operation , are , 1 .
    five ;-the cephalic, ba
    betes, the blood contains a large quantity of In the fold of the arm ,, and
    sugar formed at the expense of the system. silic , the two median the anterior cubital.
    M. Lecanu found the blood to be composed 2. In the hand , the cephalic and salvatella. 3.
    -in 1000 parts — of water 785.590 ; albumen , In the foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In
    69.415 ; fibrine, 3.565 ; colouring matter, 119.- the neck , the external jugular. 5. In the fore
    626 ; crystallizable fatty matter, 4.300 ; oily head , the frontal. 6. In the mouth , the ranine.
    matter, 2.270 ; extractivematter soluble in alco- The operation of phlebotomy in the limbs is per
    hol and water, 1.920 ; albumen combined with formed by tying a circular bandage round the
    soda, 2.010 ; chlorides of sodium and potassium , limb , in order that the subcutaneous veins may
    alkaline phosphate, sulphate , and subcarbonates, become turgid, by the course of the blood being
    7.304 ; subcarbonate of limeand magnesia ,phos- obstructed : the bandage not being so tight,
    phate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide of however, as to compress the arteries of the
    iron, 1.414 ; loss , 2.586 . limb. A puncture is made into the vein, and
    The followingtable exhibits the computations the desired quantity allowed to flow . Theliga
    of different physiologists regarding the weight ture is now removed ; and a compress and re
    of the circulating fluid - arterial and venous. taining bandage applied. Capillary or local
    Harvey ,
    Lister,
    lbs. blood -letting is practised on theskin or mucous
    Moulins,
    .8 membranes, by means of leeches , the lancet, or
    Abilguard, cupping.
    Blumenbach , BLOODROOT , Sanguinaria canadensis.
    Lobh, ...... 10 BLOODSTONÉ , Hæmatites.
    Lower, BLOTA ALBA , Bleta.
    Sprengel,.. ...... 10 to 15
    Müller and Burdach ,.. 20 BLOW , Ictus, Plegë, (F.) Coup. Effect pro
    Quesnai, .. .27 duced by one body striking another. The im
    F. Hoffman ,.. .28
    Haller , ..... .28 to 30 pression made by any body , which strikes us ,
    Young , .. ......
    .40 or against which we strike ;-a common cause
    Hamberger ,.......................... .80 ofwounds, contusions, fractures, &c .
    Kiel ,.. BLUE BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cya
    ... 100
    The proportion of arterial blood to venous is nus segetuin .
    about as 4 to 9 . BLỬE STONE , Cupri sulphas.
    Dried human blood was, at one time, con- BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus segetum .
    sidered to be antiepileptic. That of the goat, BLUSH , CUTANEOUS. See Efflorescence
    dried, Sanguis hirci sicca'tus, is sudorific , and
    BOA . An eruption of red , ichorous pimples.
    antipleuritic. Pliny. See, also, Hydra and Sudamina .
    Bloom , BLACK, VASCULAR SYSTEM OF, see Boa UPAs , Upas.
    Vascular - b. Loss of, Hæmorrhagia — b. Red , BOBERRÍ , Curcuma longa .
    system of,see Vascular - b. Spitting of, Hæmop- BOCIUM , Bronchocele.
    tysis- b. Vomiting of, Hæmatemesis — b. White, BOCHIUM , Bronchocele .
    Lymph . BODY, Corpus, Soma , ( F. ) Corps. The hu
    BLOOD-LETTING ,Missio San 'guinis, He- man body is the collection of organs, which
    matis. (F.) Saignée. A discharge of a certain compose the frame. At times, however, body
    quantity of blood produced by art :-an opera. is used synonymously with trunk. We say,
    tion, which consists in making an opening into also, the body of the femur, of the sphenoid , &c. ,
    BOETHEMA 102 BONE

    to designate the shaft or middle portion of those Boletus IGNIA'RIUs . The systematic name the os
    Abaton
    bones ; the body of the uterus, & c . for theAgaricus of the Pharmacopeias. Agar'.
    BUDY, COMING DOWN OF THE, Proctocele . icus Chirurgoʻrum , Agaricus Quercûs, Is ca , 1. Lor
    and re
    BOETHEMA , Medicament. loxa , Bole'tus Ungula'tus, Spunk , Am'adou ,
    BOGBEAN , Menyanthes trifoliata . Punk, Fungus Ignia'rius,fungus Querci'nus, Feight
    BOHON UPAS, Upas. Agaric of the Oak, Touchwood Boletus, Female for the
    BOIL , Furunculus -b . Gum , Parulis. Agaric. (F.) Agaric de chêne, Amadouvier. which i
    BOIS DE CAMPÈCHE, Hæmatoxylon Cam. It was formerly much used by surgeons as a 2nd, 3.
    pechianum - b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum- styptic. bods,
    b . de Couleuvre, see Strychnos — b. Puant, Pru- BOLE'tus Lar'icis, B. LARICI'NUs , Fun'gus Ctѕѕаrу ..
    nus padus—b. de Rose, Rhodium lignum - b. de La'ricis, Polyporusofficina'lis, Agar'icusalbus,A.
    Sappan , Cæsalpinia sappan — h. Sudorifique , albus op'timus, B. purgans, B. albus, (F.) Agaric ta anals
    Wood sudorific . blanc. On the continent of Europe it has been Fre, al
    BOJSSE ,MINERAL WATERSOF. These given as a cathartic and emetic , as well as to 2mm
    tra
    waters are situate about half a league from Fon- moderate the sweats in phthisis—( De Haen.) $
    na wati
    tenay -le -Comte in France . They are purga- Externally , styptic . bedu
    tive , and seem to contain carbonate and sul. Boletus PurgaNS, Boletus laricis—b. Salicis,
    phate of lime and muriate of soda. Dædalea suaveolens. the body
    BOISSON , Drink . BOLE'tus SUAV'EOLENS, Fungus salicis, Fun ia le
    BOITE ( F ) A box or case, Capsa, Pyris. gus albus saligʻneus, Dedale'a suav'eolens. ( F.)
    An apparatusfor the reception of any matters, Agaric odorant. It has been used in phthisis
    which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur- pulmonalis, and asthma, in powder. Dose, from
    gery and Anatomy, Boites à dissection , B.à am- 3ss to zij .
    putation, B. à trépan , B. à cataracte, &c . mean Boletus TouchWood , Boletus igniarius.
    the cases in which these various instruments BOLI MARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum .
    are kept. Boîte du Crane is the bony case BOLISMOS , Boulimia .
    which receives the brain . Boîte is , also , the BOLI'TES . The mushroom ; perhaps the
    portion of the stem of the trephine, which re- | Agar'icus Aurantiacus. — Pliny , Martial, Seu
    ceives the pyramid or centrepin. Boîte de Petit tonius,Galen. It was so called , in consequence
    is a machine, invented by M. Petit, to retain of its shape, from Bolus.
    the fractured portions of bone in apposition , BOLUS, Bwłos, a morsel , a mouthful , a bole . LUNES OF
    when the leg has been fractured in a compli (F. ) Bol. A pharmaceutical
    cated manner . Boîte is , also, a kind of case ing a pilular shape, but largerpreparation , hav
    : capable, how
    put before an artificial anus to receive the forces, ever, of being swallowed as a pill .
    which are continually being discharged. The Bólus Alba , Terra sigilla'ta, Argilla pallid'
    vulgar, in France, give the name Boute to va- ior :-called sigillata, from being commonly
    rious articulations,-B. de genou, B. de la made into small cakes orflat masses and stamp
    hanche ; Knce-joint, Hip -joint. ed or sealed with certain impressions. ( F.) Bol
    BOITEMENT, Claudication . blanc, Terre sigillée , Argile ochreuse pâle. It
    BOITIER (F.) , Can'sula unguenta'ria. A was used like the Bolus Armenia, and was
    Dressing.case. A box, containing salves and brought from Etruria. See Terra .
    different apparatus, used more particularly by Bolus ALIMENTARY. Bolus alimenta'rius.
    the dressers in hospitals. The bole , formed by the food, after it has un
    BOL, Bolus_b. d'Arménie, Bole , Armenian dergone mastication and insalivation , in the ks
    -b. Blanc, Bolus alba. mouth ; and been collected upon the tongue TER
    BOLA , Myrrha. prior to deglutition . TES
    BOLBÍD’ION, BOLBID'EON , BOLBIT- Bolus ORIENTA'LIS. A kind of Bolar earth
    ION , poaßitiov, Bo2.B181ov. A species of polypus, only distinguished from Bole Armenian , in be
    recommended by Hippocrates to be boiled in oil ing brought from Constantinople. See Bole ,
    and wine , and to be given in different diseases , Armenian .
    and especially in amenorrhæa. Bolus RUBRA , Bole , Armenian .
    BOLBITION , Bolbidion . BOMA’REA SALSIL'LA . The inhabitants
    BOLCHON , Bdellium . of Chili use this plant as a sudorific . It is
    BOLE ARME'NIAN, BOLE ARMENIAC given in infusion, in cutaneous diseases .
    or B. ARMENIC , Argilla ferrugin 'ea rubra, BOMBAX , Gossypium .
    haL :
    Sinapi'sis, Arena'men , Bolus Orientalis, Bolus BOMBEMENT, Bombus. TI TY
    Armena, B. Armeniæ, B. rubra. ( F. ) Bol d'Ar- BOMBUS , Au'rium fluctua'tio, A. sib'ilus, A.
    ménie. A red, clayey earth, found,not only in son'itus, 4. susur'rus,(F .) Bombement. A kind of
    Armenia, but in several countries of Europe,-ringing or buzzing in the ears;-characterized,
    in Tuscany, Silesia, France, &c. It was once according to SAUVAGES, by the perception of
    esteemed a tonic and astringent , and was applied blows or beating repeated at certain intervals.
    as a styptic. It is now scarcely, if ever, used . It See Flatulence,and Tinnitus Aurium .
    consists of Argil , mixed with Time and iron . BOMBYX MORI , See Sericum ,
    BOLESIS , Coral. BON , Coffea Arabica.
    BOLESON , Balsam . BONA , Phascolus vulgaris . THE
    BOLET ODORANT, Dædalea suaveolens . BONE, Os, Osteon , osteov, (F.) Os. The nEst
    u
    BOLETUS ALBUS, Boletus laricis . bones are the solid and hard parts ,which form 7:1
    8
    BOLE'tus EsculEN'TUS, (F.) Morelle. An the basis of the bodies of animals, of the supe
    eatable mushroom , found in the woods in Eu - rior classes ; and the union of which constitutes
    rope , and much admired by Gastronomes. It the skeleton. The human body has at the adult
    was formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac. age, 208 bones, without including the 32 teeth ,
    BONE 103 BORAX

    the ossa wormiana and the sesamoid bones , Bone , Back , Vertebral column - b . Blade ,
    Anatomists divide them , from their shape , into , Scapula - b.Boat-like, Os scaphoides — b.Breast,
    1. Long Bones, which form part of the limbs Sternum - b . Haunch, Ilion—b . Share , Pubis
    and represent columns, for supporting the b. Splinter, Fibula.
    weight of the body , or levers of different kinds Bone Nippers, Tenacula, from te'neo , I
    for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flat Boncs, hold.' ( F.) Tenaille incisive. An instrument
    which form the parietes of splanchnic cavities: used for cutting off splinters and cartilages.
    and , 3. Short Bones, met with in parts of the It is a kind of forceps, the handles of which
    body, where solidity and some mobility are ne- are strong, and the edges, which touch each
    cessary. Bones are formed of two different tex. other, cutting.
    tures ; the spongy and compact. They afford, BONES , BRITTLENESS OF THE , Fra
    on analysis, much phosphate and carbonate of gilitas ossium - b. Friability of the, Fragilitas
    lime, a little phosphate of magnesia, phosphate ossium - b. Salt of.Ammoniæ carbonas — b. Sof
    of ammonia, oxides of iron and manganese, tening of the,Mollities ossium .
    some traces of alumine and silica, gelatine , fat , BONEBINDER , Osteocolla.
    and water. The uses of the bones are men- BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum .
    tioned under each bone . They give shape to BONIFACIA , Ruscus hypoglossuin.
    the body, contain and defend the viscera : and BONNE DAME, Atriplex hortensis.
    act as levers to the muscles. BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    TABLE OF THE BONES .
    Bonnes is a village six leagues from Pau, in the
    department Basses Pyrénées, France. Here are
    Frontal No,1 several thermal springs. They were celebrated
    Bones of the Parietal 2 as early as the time of FRANCIS I., under the
    Cranium or Occipital i name Eaur d'Arquebusade. They contain mu
    Skull. Temporal
    Ethmoid
    2 riates of soda and magnesia, sulphates of mag
    Sphenoid 1 nesia and lime, sulphur, and silica. The tem
    perature is from 86 ° to 90° Fahrenheit.
    Superior Maxillary The factitious Eau de Bonnes is made of
    Jugal or Cheek
    Nasal Hydrosulphuretted water, ziv : pure water, ibj
    Bones of the · Lachrymal
    Face . Palatine
    2 and zss ; muriate of soda, 30 grains; sulphate
    BONES OF Inferior Spongy of magnesia , 1 grain .
    THE Vomer BONNET , Reticulum .
    HEAD . Inferior Maxillary 1 BONNET A DEUX GLOBES, Bonnet
    Dentes or
    Incisores 8. d'Hippocrate.
    Teeth . Cuspidati 4 BONNET D'HIPPOCRATE, Cap of Hip
    Molares
    Bone of the
    20 pocrates, Mitra Hippocrat'ica, Fascia capita'lis,
    d 1 Pileus Hippocrat'icus. A kind of bandage, the
    Tongue. } Hyoi
    Malleus
    invention of which is ascribed to HIPPOCRATES.
    bones of the Incus 2 It
    consists of a double -headed roller, passed
    Ear. Orbiculare over the head, so as to envelop it, like a cap.
    Stapes 2 The French , also , name it , Bonnet à deux
    Cervical 7 globes, Capeline de la tête.
    Vertebro Dorsal 12 BONNYCLAB'BER , from Irish , baine,'milk ,'
    ( Lumbar 5
    and clabar, ' mire .' Sour milk .
    BOXES OF Sacrum 1
    THE 1
    BONPLANDIA TRIFOLIATA , Cusparia
    TRUNK . Os Coccygis. febrifuga
    1
    The Thorar. 5 Sternum
    Ribs 24 BONUS GENIUS , Peucedanum-b. Hen
    The Pelvis . Innominatum 2 ricus, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus.
    The Shoul- Clavicle 2
    BOON UPAS, Upas .
    der. Scapula 2 BOONA , Phaseolus vulgaris .
    The Arm . Humerus 2 BORACIC ACID , Ac''idum Borac"'icum ,
    Ulna
    Forearm .
    Radius
    2 Sal sedati'rus HOMBER'G11, Boric Acid. An acid
    BONES OF ( Naviculare obtained from Borax, which was once looked
    Lonare 2 upon as sedative . It was also called Acor
    Hand

    THE UP
    2 Borad'icus, Sal vitrioli narcoticum , Sal volatile
    The

    Cuneiforme
    PER Ex Carpus | Orbiculare
    or ? Bora'cis, and Flores Bora'cis.
    .

    TREMITY .
    Trapezium 2
    Wrist. 2 BORAGE, Borago officinalis.
    Trapezoides
    Magnum 2 BORA'GO OFFICINA'LIS, Buglos' sum de
    Unciforme 2 rum , Bug. latifolium , Borra' go, Corra'go, Bo
    10
    Metacarpus tag: horten'sis, Borage, ( F. ) Bourrache.'Nat .
    28
    Phulanges Ord . Boragineæ . Ser . Syst. Pentandria Mono
    'The Thigh. Femur 2
    Patella gynia. The leaves and flowers have been con
    The Leg . tibia 2 sidered aperient.
    BONES OF Fibula
    Calcis Os
    BORAS SUPERSODICUS , Borax .
    Foot
    The

    THE Low Tarsus


    Astragalus BORATHRON , Juniperus Sabina .
    ER EXTRE or
    Cuboides 2 BORAX , Boras Sode, Subboras Soda , Boras
    MITY . Instep . Naviculare 2 supersaturas sode ,Soda Borarata , Chrysocolla,
    Cuneitorme
    Metatarsus
    6 Capistrum auri, Subborate of protor'ide of So
    Phalanges 28 dium, Subprotobo’rate of sodium, Boras Sode
    alcales'censseu alcali'num , Boras superso'dicus ,
    Total 240 Borax Ven'etus, Subbo'ras Na'tricum , Borax'.
    BORAXTRION 104 BOUGIE

    trion, Nitrum facti'tium , & c. The Subbo'rate made in Italy and the south of France, with deri
    of Soda, (F.) Sous-borate de Soude, Borate sur- the eggs and blood of the Mugilceph'alus or dace
    saturé de soude. It is found in animpure state Mullet; strongly salted, after it has become pu for t
    in Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous ; taste trescent. It is used as a condiment . cont
    cool , and somewhat alkaline ; soluble in 12 BOTARGUE , Botargo.
    parts of water. Borax is seldom used except BOTHOR. An Arabic term for abscess in ingoli
    as a lotion in aphthæ. the nares. It means, also, tumours in general ;
    The Borate of Mercury has been recommend. especially those which are without solution of
    ed as an antisyphilitic. continuity.
    BORAXTRION , Borax . BOTHRION, from Boscos, " a pit , cavity ,' substa
    BORBORYG'MUS, from Bop Boguča ,' I make &c. An aldeolus, (q. v .) or small fossa . A
    a dull noise . Murmur, Motus Intestinorum , small, deep ulcer on the cornea.- Galen , Pau. .
    ( F.) Gargouillement, Grouillement d'Entrailles. lus of Ægina. See Fossette .
    Thé noise made by flatus in the intestines. BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS or BOTRIO
    This happens often in health, especially in CEPH'ALUS LATUS , from sodorov, a small
    nervous individuals . pit, and x6 pain , head , Tºnia lata , T. culga
    BORD, (F.) Margo, Edge, Margin. Anato- ris, Lumbri'cus latus, Plate'a , T. os'culis late fest
    mists have so named the boundaries of an or- ral'ibus gem'inis, T. grisea, T. membrana'cea ,
    gan. Thus, the bones, muscles, &c . have bords T. tenella, T. denta'ta, T. huma'na iner'mis ,
    as well as bodies. The free edge ,' bord libre, Halysis membrana'cea , T. prima, T. os'culis 四tie
    is one not connected with any part; the .ad lateralibus solitariis, T. aceph'ala, T. os'culis
    hering edge,' bord adhérent, one that is con- superficialibus, T. à anneaux courts, Ver soli BO
    nected ; and the bord articulaire, or articular taire, the Broad Tape Worm . Common in Swit
    margin , or edge ,' that which is joined to ano- zerland , Russia , and some parts of France. It
    therbone . inhabits the intestines of man , and extends to B0
    BORD CILIAIRE , Ciliary margin . an enormous length . A broken specimen has
    BORDEAUX , MINERAL WATERS OF. been obtained 60 yards long.-Goëze.
    Near this great city , in the south -west of BOTHRIUM , Fossette . matie
    France, is a saline,chalybeate spring. It con- BOTHROS , Fovea.
    tains oxide of iron , carbonate and sulphate of BOTIN , Terebinthina .
    lime , muriates of soda and lime , subcarbonate BOTIUM , Bronchocele .
    of soda, and sulphate of magnesia . BOTOTHINUM. An obscure term , used
    BORGNE, ( F.) Cocles, Unodulus, Luscus. by Paracelsus to denote the most striking Beau
    One who has only one eye, or sees only with symptom of a disease :-the Flos Morbi.
    one. The word has been used, figuratively, for BOTOU , Pareira brava.
    blind , in Surgery and Anatomy. " See Cæcus. BOTRIOCEPHALUS , Bothriocephalus. be
    BOR'OSAIL , Zael. Æthiopian names for BOTRION, Alveolus.
    a disease , very common there, which attacks BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis Bot
    the organs of generation , and appears to have vinifera — b. Ambrosioides, Chenopodium am
    considerable analogy with syphilis. brosioides - b. Americana , Chenopodium am.
    BORRAGO, Borrago officinalis. brosioides - b. Mexicana, Chenopodium ambro kel
    BORRI, Curcuma longa. sioides .
    Boc
    BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa. BOTTINE, ( F.) A thin boot or buskin ,
    BORSE, MINERAL WATEŘS OF. Borse O'crea le'vior. An instrument, which resem :
    is a village in Béarn . The waters are chaly- bles a small boot, furnished with springs, straps ,
    beate . buckles, &c . , and used to obviate distortions of that
    BOʻSA. An Ægyptian name for a mass, the lower extremities in children.
    made of the meal of darnel , hempseed, and BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium , Vulva.
    water . It is inebriating. – Prospero Alpini . BOUBON , Bubo.
    BO)
    BOSOM . See Mamma. BOUCAGE MAJEUR , Pimpinella magna BO
    BOSSE , Hump, Protuberance - b . Nasale, 16. Mineur, Pimpinella saxifraga - b. Pelit, Pim BO
    Nasal protuberance. pinella saxifraga. ho de
    BOSWELLIA SERRATA . See Juniperus BOUCHE, Mouth.
    lycia . BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation .
    BOTAL FORAMEN , Fora'men Bota'le ; the BOUES DES EAUX, ( F. ) Balnea Cano'sa, BO
    Fora 'men ovale, ( F. ) Trou de Bolal. A large Boues Minérales. The mud or swamp , formed DO
    opening, which exists in the fætus in the par- near mineral springs; impregnated with the
    tition between the two auricles of the heart ; substances contained in such springs , and con
    and by means of which the blood passes from sequently possessing similar properties. The
    one to the other. Its discovery is generally Boues are applied generally and topically , in
    attributed to Leonard Botallus or Botal, who France, at the springs of St. Amand , Bagnères
    wrote in 1562. It was spoken of, however, by de Luchon , Bagnols, Baréges,-White Sul.
    Vesalius , and even by Galen . phur, Virginia , &c .
    BOTANIQUE MÉDICALE, Botany, medi- BOUES MINÉRALES, Boues des eau ..
    cal . BOUFFE, (F. ) The small eminence, formed
    BOTANY, MEDICAL , Botan'ica Med'ica, by the junction of the two lips . —Dulaurens.
    Medici'na Botan'ica, from Botavn , ' an herb ,' ( F.) BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness.
    BE
    Botanique Médicale. The knowledge of the BOUGIE, ( F.) A wax candle, Candelula,
    properties, differences, & c.,of those vegetables Candéla cerea, Candela medica'ta, Cereum
    which are used in Medicine . medica'tum, Ccreolus Chirurgorum , Dadion , The
    BOTAR'GO , (F.) Botargue. A preparation Specillum će'reum . Virga ce'rea, Cercola. A B
    BOUILLIE 105 BOYAU

    ince, with
    flexible cylinder, variable in size, to be intro- | (F ,) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or
    pl’alus « duced into the urethra, esophagus, rectum , &c . , other substances tied together. A name given,
    ? come p for the purpose of dilating these canals, when by some Anatomists, to the collection of liga
    contracted . ments and muscles, inserted into the styloid
    A SIMPLE BOUGIE is composed of solid and process of the temporal bone .
    abscen i insolublo substances ; as plaster, elastic gum , BOUQUET FEVER , Dengue.
    1 general catgut, & c. It acts ofcourse onlymechanically. BOURBILLON. See Furunculus (core. )
    olution AMÉDICATED Bougie,(F.) B. médicamenteuse, BOURBON- LANCY, MINERAL WA
    has the addition of some escharotic or other TERS OF. Bourbon- Lancy is a small village
    , caritr, substance to destroy the obstacle; as in the in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France;
    fossz. Caustic Bougie, which has a small portion of where there are thermal, saline springs, con
    llen, Pas · Lunar Caustic or Common Caustic, inserted in taining carbonic acid , muriate and sulphate of
    its extremity . Ducamp has recommended a soda , muriate and carbonate of lime , iron , and
    BOTRIO Bougie, which swells out near its extremity for silica . Their heat is from 1060 to 135° Fah
    " a se the better dilating of the urethra . This he calls renheit .
    Tina's B. à dentre. The metallic Bougie, invented by BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINE
    culis la Smyth, is a composition ofmetal, allowing of RAL WATERS OF. This town is in the de
    bransch great flexibility ; and a hollow Bougie is one, partment of the Allier, and has been long cele
    ineren with a channel running through it, to be used brated for its thermal chalybeate waters.They
    1. of me in the same manner as the catheter, or other contain muriate and sulphate of soda, magne
    " of'mon
    wise . sia, and lime, carbonate of iron , and silica.
    Versand BOUILLIE, (F.) Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.) Their temperature varies between 1400 and
    2 in Sri bouillir, ' to boil .' flour, beaten and boiled with 145° Fahrenheit.
    ance . milk . It is a common food for infants. BOURBONNE -LES - BAINS, MINERAL
    BOUILLON, (F.) from bouillir, to boil ,' WATERS OF. These springs are seven
    LEDNI
    imea bai Jus, Sorbi''tio. À líquid food, made by boiling leagues from Langres, department of Haute
    the flesh of animals in water. The osmazone Marne, France. They are thermal and saline,
    gelatine, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat and have been long celebrated. Temperature
    melts, and the albumen coagulates. B. is from 1060 to 1330 Fahrenheit. The Factitious
    nourishing, owing to the gelatine and osma- water, (F.) . Eau de Bourbonne-les- Bains, Aqua
    zome . The Jus de Viande isa very concentrated Bordonen 'sis, is composed of water, containing
    rm , use
    Bouillon, prepared of beef, mutton, veal , &c . twice its bulk of carbonic acid, 3 xxss ; muriate
    string
    Bouillons médicinaux ou pharmaceutiques, of soda 3 ),muriate oflime, gr.x , & c .
    medicinal or pharmaceutic Bouillons, contain BOURBOULE , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    , infusions or decoctions of medicinal herbs. The A village near Mont d'Or, where there are two
    alus
    Bouillon aux herbes is generally composed of thermal saline springs.
    sorrel or beet. BOURDAINĖ, Rhamnus frangula .
    see Tita
    Bouillon Blanc , Verbascum nigrum . BOURDONNEMENT (F. ) Bruissement,
    Bouillon , in common language, in France,Murmur, Susurrus. A sensation of buzzing or
    means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimeshumming in the ear, which may be either de
    7m 20 seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer . pendent on some modified condition of the ear
    am BOUILLON D'Os, (F.) or Bouillon from Bones,
    itself,or may be seated in the brain.
    is obtained by treating bones with muriatic BOURDONNET, Tent.
    tadas acid , in order to dissolve the earthy parts. The BOURGÈNE, Rhamnus frangula.
    rego gelatine, which remains , is then boiled with a BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula — b. Char
    staps little meat and vegetables.- D'ARCET. Bouil- nu, Granulation.
    J008 : lon , however, can be easily obtained from the BOURGEONS, Gutta rosea .
    bones of roast meat by simple coction. BOURRACHE, Borago officinalis.
    l'un BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition . BOURRELET (F.) A Pad, a Border . A
    BOUIS, Buxus. fibro -cartilaginous' border, which surrounds
    BOULE D'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum , certain articular cavities, such as the glenoid
    PE b. de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum - b. de Mol- cavity of the scapula and the acetabulum ; and
    sheim , Ferrum tartarizatum — b . de Nancy , Fer- by which the depth of those cavities is aug .
    rum tartarizatum . mented .
    BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba. BOURRELET ROULÉ, Cornu ammonis.
    BOULIM'IA , Bulim'ia, or Bulim'ius, Bouli- BOURSES, LES, Scrotum.
    TOA mos, Bulimiasis, Bolismos, Fames, cani'na, Ap- BOURSOUFLURE , Puffiness.
    peti'tus cani'nus,Appeten'tia cani'na , Adepha'- BOUTON , Papula — b. d'Alep, see Anthrax
    gia, Cynorecia , Bupei'na, Phagæna , Phagede- \ 6. d'Or, Ranunculus acris .
    na , Fames Bovi'na , F. Lupi'na, from Bous, ' an BOUTONNIÈRE ( F.) ; Fissu'ra, Incis'io. A
    ox ,' and acuos,' hunger ; or from su,augmenta-smallincision made in theurethra to extract a
    tive particle ,and iqos,' hunger. ' . (F.) Bouli- calculus from the canal, when it is too large to
    mie, Faim canine. An almost insatiable hunger. be discharged .
    A canine appetite. It is sometimes seen in hys- Also, a small incision or puncture, made in
    teria and pregnancy ; rarely under other cir- the peritoneum , or above the pubis, to pene
    cumstances. trate the bladder in certain cases of retention
    BOULIMIE , Boulimia . of urine .
    BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. BOVILLÆ , Rubeola.
    så. B. is in the department, Pas-de-Calais, France. BOVISTA , Lycoperdon .
    The waters are chalybeate. BOXWOOD , Cornus Florida.
    BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE DE RIOLAN BOYAU, Intestine.
    14
    BRABYLON 106 BRANDY

    BRABYLON , Prunum Damascenum . BRACHYAU'CHEN , from Boa yus, ' short ,'
    BRACHERIOLUM , Truss. and avxny , neck .' One who has a short
    BRACHERIUM , Truss . neck . Caled
    BRACHIÆUS , Brachial-b . Internus, Bra- BRACHYCHRONIUS , from Boaquç, short,' BRA
    chialis anterior. and χρονος , . time. That which continues but BRA
    BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lis, Brachia'us, from a short time . A term applied to diseases which BR.1
    Bra'chium , ' the arm . ' What belongs to the are of a short duration . — Galen . est for
    arm . BRACHYNSIS , Abbreviation . BRA
    Mus'culus Brachi'lis ANTERIOR , Bra '. BRACHYPNEA , Dyspnea. Brasero
    chia'lis internus, Brachia'us, Brachia'us inter'. BRACHYP'OTI, from Boa xus, ' short,' and There
    nus, ( F.) Muscle brachial interne, Humero- cubi. Trotns, drinker. ' They who drink little, or BRAS
    tal- (Ch.) This muscle is situate at the ante- who drink rarely .-- Hippocr., Galen, Foësius. BRAS
    rior and inferior part of the arm , and before the BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation. BRAS
    elbow -joint. It arises, fleshy, from the middle BRACING , Corroborant. Detalic
    of the os humeri ; and is inserted into the coro- BRADYMASE'SIS, Brudymasse sis , from bricka
    noid process of the ulna. Use. To bend the Beadvs, difficolt ,' and paorois, mastication. '
    forearm . Difficult inastication . See Dysmasesis. tas i
    The BRACHIAL ARTERY , Artéria brachia'lis, BRADY PEP'SIA , Тarda cibo'rum concoctio; BRAS
    Humeral Artery, (F.) Artère ou Tronc brachial. from Boadvş, óslow , and nento , ' I digest.
    The artery , which extends from the axilla to Slow digestion.- Galen. See Dyspepsia . i Rom
    the bend of the elbow ; where it divides into BRADYSPERMATISMUS, from Boadus,
    A. cubitalis and A. radialis. It passes along slow ,' and oneque , ' sperm. ' A slow emission
    the internal edge of the biceps, behind the ofsperm .
    median nerve and between the accompanying BRADYSU’RIA , Tenes'mus tesi'cæ , from 2.11
    veins. Under the name Bruchial Artery, M. Bpadus, difficult,' and ουρειν , to pass the a

    Chaussier includes the subclavian , axillary, urine.' Painful evacuation of the urine, with
    and humeral; the last being the brachial pro. perpetual desire to void it. Pesme
    per . BRAG'GAT, Braggart. A name formerly BERSE
    The BRACHIAL Veins are two in number, applied to a tisan of honey and water. See Bears
    and accompany the artery ,-frequently anas- Hydromeli.
    tomosing with each other: they terminate in BRAI, LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris— . Tierpida
    the axillary. Under the term Brachial Vein , Sec, Colophonia . tuule
    Chaussier includes the humeral , axillary , and BRAIN , LITTLE , Cerebellum .
    subclavian . BRAINE, MINÉRAL WATERS OF.
    bebe
    BRACHIAL APONEURO'sis. An aponeurosis , Braine is a small village, three leagues from BRASSl
    formed particularly by expansions of the ten- Soissons, France, which has purgative waters
    dons of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, similar to those of Passy .
    and deltoides muscles , and which completely BRAKE, COMMON , Pteris aquilina.
    envelops the muscles of the arm . BRAMBLE , COMMON , Rubus fruticosus . Bu,
    The BRACHIAL Plexus , Plexus Brachid'lis, BRAN , Furfur. ..
    is a nervous plexus , formed by the interlacing BRANC URSINE BÂTARDE, Heracleum
    of the anterior branches of the four last cervi- spondylium . Burs
    cal pairs and the first dorsal. It is deeply seat- BRANCA URSINA, Acanthus mollis — b .
    ed in the hollow of the axilla, and extends as Germanica, Heracleum spondylium . Tanu
    far as the inferior and lateral part of the neck . BRANCH , from (F.) Branche, originally l
    Bas's
    It gives
    scapular,offandthethe
    thoracic nerves, supra and infra probably from Boa ziur, an arm ;' because
    brachial (which are six in branches of trees , & c., go off like arms. A
    number,) the axillary, cutaneous, musculo -cuta- term , applied , generally, to the principal divi. apbr
    neous, radial, cubital, and median. sion of an artery or nerve. The word is com Pear e
    BRACHIALE , Carpus . monly used synonymously with Ramus ; but l
    BRAT
    BRACHIALIS EXTERNUS. See Triceps often, with the French , Branche signifies the
    extensor cubiti . BRAT
    great division ;-Ramcau , Lat. Ramus, the di BRAY
    BRACHIO-CU'BITAL, Brachio - cubita'lis. vision of the branches; and Ramuscules, Lat. BRAT
    That which belongs both to the arm and cubi. Ramusculi, the divisions of these last.
    tus. This name has been given to the internal The French , also, speak of the branches of
    lateral ligament at the elbow - joint ; because it the pubis, for the Rami of that bone, branches
    is attached to the os brachii or os humeri and of the ischium , for the ramiof the I.,& c.
    to the cubitus or ulna . BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE ALLON
    BRACHIO-RADIAL, Brachio-radia'lis. That GÉE (PETITES,) Corpora restiformia. BRA
    which belongs to the brachium and radius. BRÀNCHI or "BRANCHÆ . Swellings of BRE
    This name, has been applied to the external the tonsils, or parotid, according to some ;-of
    lateral ligament of the elbow -joint, because it the thyroid gland, according to others.
    is attached to the humerus and to the radius . BRANCHUS, Boay qos, Rauce'do (q. v.) A BRE
    See Supinator Radii longus. catarrhal affection of the mucous membrane of B
    adaRnEi
    BRACHIUM , Lacer'tus, (F.) Bras, the arm . the fauces, trachea, & c . - Galen . a
    The arm from the shoulder to the wrist, or the BRANCIA , Vitrum. ÉRE
    part between the shoulder and elbow . See BRANDY.' (G.) Brantwein, burnt un
    Humeri, Os . wine .' Aqua Vitæ . ( F.) Eau de vie . The first
    Brachium Movers QUARTUS, Latissimus liquid product obtained by distilling wine. It htuir
    e
    dorsi . is composed of water, alcohol, and an aromatic,
    BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. oily matter, which gives it iis flavour. Brandy Bar
    Lemair
    e
    BRANKS 107 BRISE -PIERRE ARTICULÉ
    is a powerful and diffusible stimulant, and as upon carious teeth, or some faulty state of
    such is used in medicine . It has been also the secretions of the air passages. The inter .
    called Liquor Aquilegius. See Spirit. nal use of the chlorides may be advantageous.
    BRANKS, Cynanche parotidæa . BREATH , SHORT , Dyspnea .
    BRANKURŠINE, Acanthus mollis. BREATHING , DIFFICULTY OF, Dysp
    BRAS, Brachium-b . du Cerrelet, Corpora
    næa.
    restiformia. BRECHET (F. ) The Brisket . This name
    BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF. is given , in some parts of France , to the carti
    Brasé gur is a place in the diocess of Rhodez, lago ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum
    where there are cathartic waters . itself.
    BRASIUM , Malt. BRÉDISSURE (F.) Trismus Capistra'tus.
    BRASMOS, Fermentation . Incapacity of opening the mouth, in conse
    BRASS. Sar. bras, Welsh, prês. A yellow quence of preternatural adhesion between the
    metal, formed by mixing copper with calamine. casioned
    internal part of the cheekmercury.
    and gums ; often oc
    Aurichal cum , Orichał cum , &secatum, Chryso - by the abuse of
    chalcos. (F. ) Airain . The same remarks apply BREDOUILLEMENT ( F. ) Titubantia. A
    to it as to copper. See Cuprum . precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance , in
    BRASSICA . The Cabbage. The Bras'sica which a part only of the words is pronounced,
    olera'cea ; the B. capita'ta or cuma'na of the and several of the syllables viciously changed.
    old Romans. (F.) Chou potager. Family, Cru. This defect is analogous to stuttering, but dif
    ciferæ . Sez. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato fers from it in being dependent on too great
    wrote a book on its virtues. It is a vegetable rapidity of speech ; whilst stammering is cha
    by no means easy, of digestion when boiled; racterized by continual hesitation, and frequent
    raw , it appears to be more digestible. When repetition of the same syllables.
    forming a solid globular mass, like a head , it BREGMA, from Boszaur ,' to sprinkle .' Fon
    is the B. Capita'ta, (F.) Chou -Cabus, Chou- tanella ( q. v .), Sin'ciput (q. v.) The top of
    Pommé. the head was thus called , because it was be
    BRASSICA Canina , Mercurialis perennis . lieved to be humid in infants, and, according
    Brassica Florida . The Bras'sica Pom- to some, because it was conceived to corres
    peia'na of the ancients — the Cauliflowcr , Caulis pond to the most humid part of the brain.
    Flor'ida, (F.) Chou -fleur, is a more tender and BRENNING , Burning.
    digestible variety. BREPHOCTONON , Conyza squarrosa.
    The Broccoli belongs to this variety , the BRÉSILLET, Cæsalpinia sappan .
    B. Sabel'lica of the Romans- B . Italica . BREVIA VASA , Short Vessels. This name
    Brassica Marina, Convolvulus soldanella— has been given to several branches of the
    b. Pompeiana, Brassica Florida. splenic arteries and veins , which are distri
    BRAS'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da , Rapum buted to the great cul-de-sacof the stomach .
    majus, Rapa napus, the Turnip. ( F. ) Chou- BREVIS CUBITI . Anconeus.
    See
    navet, Navet, Rave. The turnip is liable to the BRIAR , WILD , Rosa canina.
    same objection (but to a less extent) as the BRICK, ( F. ) Brique. Hot bricks are some.
    cabbage . times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab
    Bras'sica Napus, Napus Sylvestris or domen in colic , orafter the operation for popli
    Bu'xias , Rape. (F.) Navette. The seed yields teal aneurism : or, reduced to very fine powder,
    a quantity of oil . and mixed with fat, as an application to herpe
    Brassica Eru'CA, Eru'ca , Garden Rocket , tic and psoric affections.
    Roman Rocket, & c . ( F.) Chou - Roquette, Ro- Bricks , Forna'cea Testa , or Tiles, were for
    quette . This was considered,by the Romans, merly bruised in vinegar , and the liquid used
    an apbrodisiac . - Columella. The seeds were as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en
    ordinarily used . tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous
    BRATHU, Juniperus sabina. tumours, &c .
    BRATHYS , Juniperus sabina. To the Terra Forna 'cum , the same virtues
    BRAYER , Truss . were assigned .
    BRAYERA ANTHELMIN’TICA.An Abys- BRICUMUM, Artemisia .
    sinian plant, of the Family Rosaceæ . Sex . Syst. BRIDE, (F.) A bridle. Franulum , Retinac -
    Icosandria Digynia. The flowers have been ulum . This term is given, in the plural, to
    highly extolled as anthelmintic, especially in membraneous filaments, which are found within
    cases of Tapeworm . They are given in decoc- abscesses or iu deep - seated wounds, and which
    tion . prevent the exit of pus. The term is, also, ap
    BRAZIL WOOD, Cæsalpinia sappan. plied to preternatural adhesions , which occur
    BREAD. See Triticum - b. Household , Syn- in cicatrices in the skin , in the urethra, or in
    comistos . inflamed serous or synovial membranes.
    BREAD -FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus. BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY,
    BREAST, Thorax-b. Abscess of the, Mas- see Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
    todynia apostematosa . BRIMSTONE, Sulphur.
    BREATH , Hal'itus, Anhel'itus, An'imus, BRINE , Muria.
    Spiritus, Aimus. (F.) Haleine. The air ex- BRION , Corallina,
    pelled from the chest, at each expiration . It BRIQUE, Brick.
    requires to be studied in the diagnosis of tho- BRIQUEBEC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    racic diseases especially. This town is three leagues from Cherbourg , in
    BREATH , OFFENSIVE ; Fætor Oris. An of France. The water contains muriate of iron .
    fensive condition , which is usually dependent BRISE- PIERRE ARTICULÉ, ( F. ) An in .
    BRISTOL HOT WELL 108 BRONCHIAL

    strument invented by Jacobson for crushing the between chlorine and iodine. With oxygen it
    stone in the bladder . forms an acid , the Bromic , and with hydrogen
    BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien 'sis another - the Hydrobromic.
    Aqua. Bristol is about thirteen miles from The pure Bromine, the Bromide of Iron ,
    Bath , in England. The water a pure ther. (dose gr. i or ij) and th Bromide of Potassium ΤΗ
    mal ; slightly acidulated . Temperature, 74° or Hydrobromate of Potassa, (dose gr. iv to viij OTIS.
    Fahrenheit. The Hot Well has been long cele in the day ,) have been used medicinally , and
    brated . Its action is like that of the thermal chiefly in scrofulosis , internally as well as
    waters in general . The climate of Bristol is applied externally . Bromine may be dissolved TE
    mild ; and hence the water has been cele in forty parts of distilled water, and six drops
    brated for the cure of incipient pulmonary be commenced with , as a dose. The Bromide Peru
    consumption. of Mercury ( Hydrar'gyri Bromidum ) has been BET
    BROAD. Sar. brao, Latus, (F.) Large. Any given in syphilis. ksi
    body is so termed whose transverse extent is BROMOS , Boumos . One of the cere BRO
    considerable compared with its length. The alia, supposed , by some, to be oats, see BRO
    Broad Bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi- Avena. beo
    pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of BRONCHES, Bronchia – . Ganglions lym
    splanchnic cavities. Broad Muscles generally phatiques des, Bronchial glands. ‫ج‬Th‫ا‬is‫ل‬
    occupy the parietes of cavities , and especially BRONCHIA , Bronchia , Bronchi, from
    those of the chest and abdomen. The epithet Booyxoş, the throat.' The Latins used the
    has also been applied to other parts - as to the term Bronchus, for the whole of the trachea ;
    broad ligaments of the womb , & c. whilst they called its ramifications Bronchia . E o
    BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica. Bronchia, Bronchiæ, and Bronchi , (F.) Bronches,
    BROCHOS,Beoxos. Laqueus, (q.v.) , a ban- now mean the two tubes,with their ramifica
    dage . tions, which arise from the bifurcation of the
    BROCHTHUS,Poy90s,Gula. The throat. trachea,and
    Also , a small kind of drinking -vessel. - Hip-
    carry airinto the lungs.
    BRONCHJA, DilataTION OF THE . Dilated
    pocr . Bronchia . The physical signs of this condition
    BROCHUS, Beogos. This name has been are the following : Je
    given to one who has a very prominent upper Percussion usually clear,butnot unfrequently
    lip .- Castelli. According to others, it means less so than natural, although very seldom
    one,whose teeth project in front of the mouth . quite dull .
    BRO DIUM . A synonyme of Jus or Jus'- Auscultation detects coarse mucous or gur. Perip
    culum . Broth , or the liquor in which any gling ronchi, increased by the cough , combined
    thing is boiled. Brodium Salis — a decoction with , or replaced by, bronchial or cavernous
    of salt.
    Beast
    respiration , which is often effected as if by a
    BROIEMENT. See Cataract. sudden puft or whiff. The resonance of the BRO !
    BROKEN- WINDEDNESS, Asthma. voice is increased , but it seldom amounts to BRO !
    BROMA, Aliment. perfect pectoriloquy. BRO !
    BROMATOG'RAPHY, from Bowpa, ' food ,' The most common situations for dilated
    and γραφη , 6
    a description .' Bromography bronchia, are the scapular, mammary , or lateral
    A description of aliments. regions. They are almost always confined to bite
    BROMATOL/OGY, pewna ,' food ,' and doyos, one side . Trackenl ,
    la discourse. A treatise on food. Sitioł. BRONCHIA, OBLITERATION OR COMPRESSION e
    Theres
    ogy . OF THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscul. e
    BROME, Bromine . tation is weaker or wholly suppressed over a tus, G
    BROME’LIA ANA'NAS, Car'duus Brazil. limited portion of the chest; the expiration is
    ia'nus, Ana'nas acosta ova'tæ seu aculeatus, generally more distinct and prolonged : all the
    Anas'sa, Ca'pa- Isiak'ka, Ana'nas or Pine Apple. Other conditions are natural.
    A West Indian tree, which produces the most BRONCHIAL or BRONCHIC . That which the !
    delicious of fruits. relates to the bronchia.
    BROME'LIA PINguin , Ana'nas America'na, BRON'CHIAL ARTERIES , (F.) Artères Bron Egrid ;
    Pinguin, Broad-leaved wild Ana'nas, & c. The chiques. These are generally two in num
    West India plant, which affords the Pinguin ber, one going to each lung. "They arise from
    E 13
    fruit. The fruit is refrigerant, and the juice , the thoracic aorta, and accompany the bronchia
    when ripe, very austere . It is used to acidu- in all their ramifications.
    late punch. A wine is made from the Pinguin , BRON'chial Cells , (F.) Cellules bronchiques,
    which is very intoxicating, and has a good fa- the
    chia ,
    Air-cells ; the terminations of the bron 長
    your b
    BROe
    BROMIDE OF IRON , see Bromine_b. of BRON'CHAL Cough, (F.) Tour bronchique, BPO
    Mercury, see Bromine—b. of Potassium , see T. tubaire. This generally accompanies bron
    Bromine. chial respiration . They both indicate obstruc
    BROMINE , Bromirum , Brome, a simple tion to the entrance of air into the air.cells . Pues eles
    body, of a very volatile nature, and highly of-
    BRON'CHIAL GLANDS , ( F. ) Glandes bron . BRO
    fensive and suffocating odour,whence its name, chiques ou Ganglions lymphatiques des bronches,
    from Bowmos , ' a stench .' It is met with chiefly are numerous glands of an ovoid shape ; of a
    in sea -water, and in many animal and vegeta- reddish hue in the infant, and subsequently hand
    le
    ble bodies that live therein . It has likewise brown and black , seated in the course of the
    been found in many mineral waters of this and bronchia . Their functions are unknown . The
    other countries. Bronchial glands may be presumed to be af.
    In its chemical relations, it may be placed fected by scrofulosis , when ,in addition to the BBC
    BRONCHIC 109 BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF

    existence of tumours in the neck, percussion etymology: A surgical operation, which con
    gives a dull sound under the upper and central sists in making an opening either into the tra
    part of the sternum , whilst there is no appre- chea, ( Tracheotomy:) into the larynx, (Larin
    ciable lesion of the lungs. got'omy;) or into both , ( Tracheo - laryngotomy,)
    The BRON'CHIAL Veins arise from the last to extract foreign bodies or to permit the pas
    divisions of the arteries of the same name, and sage of air to the lungs. These different parts
    pass, on the right side , into the vena azygos ; are divided transversely or vertically, accord
    on the left, into the superior intercostal. ing to circumstances.
    The BRON'CHIAL NERVES, (F.) Nerfs Bron . BRONCHUS , Trachea.
    chiques, are furnished by the two pulmonary BROOKLIME , Veronica beccabunga.
    plexuses. BROOM , Sophora tinctoria , Spartium scopa
    BRONCHIAL RESPIRATION . See Murmur, rium-b . Butcher's, Ruscus — b.rape of Virginia ,
    Respiratory . Orobanche Virginiana.
    BRONCHIC, Bronchial . BROSSARDIÈRE, MINERAL WATERS
    BRONCHITIS, Angi'na bronchialis. In - OF. Brossardière is a chateau in Bas -Poitou,
    flammation of the lining membrane of the France, The waters contain carbonates of
    bronchial tubes . iron and lime, muriate of soda, and sulphate of
    This is always more or less present in cases lime. They are aperient.
    of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompanied by BROSSE , Brush.
    cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnea, and BROW- AGUE , Neuralgia frontalis.
    more or less uneasiness in breathing. The BROUILLARD , Caligo .
    acute form is accompanied with all the signs of BROUSSAIST .' One who is a believer in ,
    internal inflammation, and requires the em- and professor of, the physiological and patho
    ployment of antiphlogistics followed by re- logical opinions of Broussais. The system itself
    vulsives. is called Broussaism or the Physiological Doc
    The chronic form may be confounded with trine.
    phthisis : from which itmust be distinguished BROW , Front .
    mainly by the absence of hectic fever and of BROWN RED, Colcothar.
    the physical signs that are characteristic of the BROWNIAN or BRUNO'NIAN. Relating
    latter, as well as by the nature of the expectora- to the system or opinions of John Brown.
    tion , which is generally mucous , although at BROWNISM or BRUNONIANISM . The
    times muco-purulent. doctrines of Brown .
    Peripneumonia Notha, (q. v.) is nothing more BROWNIST or BRUNO'NIAN . A follower
    than chronic bronchitis . of the system of Brown .
    BRONChitis, Catarrh_b. Asthenica, Perip- BRUČEA ANTI- DYSENTER'ICA . B. fer
    neumonia notha . rugin'ea , Angustu'ra spuria , (F.) Fausse An
    BRONCHIUS, Sterno- thyroideus. gusture , A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic
    BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis . name of the plant, whence is obtained the false
    BRONCHOCE'LE, from Bporxos, ' a bron- Angustura Bark.It affords the Brucine.
    chus,' and xnin, ' tumour.' An inaccurate name BRUCIA , Brucine .
    for the affection which is called, also , Bo'chium , BRUCINE , BRUCIA, BRUCINA. An or
    Botium , Hernia gut'turis, Guttur tu'midum , ganic, salifiable base, discovered in the false
    Trachelophyma, Hernia guttura'lis, Thyrocele, Angustura — Brucea anti-dysenterica, and ob
    Thyreoce'le, Thyremphraxis, Thyreon'cus, Thy- tained from the Strychnos nux vomica . It is of
    ron'cus, Thyrophrax'ia, Gossum , Erechebron'- a pearly white ; crystallized in oblique prisms
    chus, Gongrdna , Struma, Bocium , Hernia bron- with a parallelogrammatic base ; very bitter,
    chia'lis, Tracheloce'le , &c., the Derbyshire neck , slightly acrid and styptic ,and soluble in water,
    Svelled neck, & c ., (F.) Goitre, Gouètre. This butmore so in alcohol.
    is no rupture, but consists of an enlargement Brucine is a less active poison than strych
    of the thyroid gland. It is common at the nine. It resembles it, however , and may be
    base of lofty mountains in every part of the used as a substitute for the extract ofnux vomi
    world ; and has been supposed to be owing to ca. Dose, half a grain .
    the drinking of snow -water, but it occurs where BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    there is no snow . The tumour is, sometimes, Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen
    very extensive. Iodine has great power over it, in Normandy. The waterscontain carbonic
    and will generally occasion its absorption, acid, muriate and sulphate of soda, much sul.
    when the case has not been of such duration phate of lime, & c .
    as to be of a cartilaginous condition . BRUISE , Contusion .
    BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance. BRUISEWORT, Bellis, Saponaria .
    BRONCHOPLASTIC, Bronchoplas'ticus; BRUISSEMENT (F. ) Frem'itus. This word
    from Beoyxos,
    form .'
    ' the throat,' and ridoow, ' I has much the same signification as Bourdonne
    An epithet given to the operation ment, ( q. v .) as well as Bruit.
    for closingfistulæ in the trachea. BRUIT (F.) Sound. ' A term applied to va
    BRONCHOTOME , Bronchotomus , from rious sounds heard on percussion and ausculta
    Bporxos and TEMVELV, ' to cut. ' A kind of lancet, tion, viz.
    with a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B. de Tiraillement,
    handle , and fitted to a canula , which passes in Bruit de cuir neuf, sound of crackling , or burst
    along with it, and is allowed to remain in the ing, or of new leather.' A sound produced by
    opening made in the trachea. The instrument the friction of the pericardium , when dried and
    is not used . roughened by inflammation .
    BRONCHOTOMY, Bronchotomie . Same BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF , Bruit de craquement.
    BRULURE 110 BU

    BRUIT DE DIABLE , Ronflement de Diable, BRUNNER'S GLANDS. Brunneri Glan ' .


    noise of the diable orhumming-top.' A high dulæ , Glandulæ solita'riæ. Muciparous follicles
    degree of Bruit de soufflet, heard on auscultating of a small size , seated between the mucous and
    the arteries. It denotes an impoverished state muscular coats of the stomach , along the two
    of the blood . curvatures of that organ, and in the small in
    BruIT DE FROTTEMENT ASCENDANT ET DE- testines , especially the duodenum ; so called
    SCENDANT, Sound offriction of ascent and de- from their discovery having generally been at
    scent. Sounds said to be produced by the rub- tributed to Brunner. See Peyeri Glandulæ .
    bing of the lung against the parietes of thechest, BRUNONIAN , Brownian .
    as it rises and falls during inspiration and expi- BRUNONIANÍSM , Brownism.
    ration . They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, BRUNUS , Erysipelas.

    231705LSEE
    when the pleura has become roughened by the BRUSCUS , Ruscus.
    disease . BRUSH , Scopula, (F.) Brosse. A well
    Bruit HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneumatique. known instrument, used in Medicine chiefly
    The sound afforded on percussion when organs for the following purposes. 1. To clean the
    are filled with liquid and air. teeth . 2. To remove the sawdust, which ad .
    BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit humorique. heres to the teeth of the trephine, during the
    Bruit de PARCHEMIN, · Parchment tone. A operation of trephining. 3. To rub the surface
    sound as if produced by two sheets of parch of the body, for the purpose of exciting the
    ment applied to each other. It is said to be skin , and favouring transpiration. Westring,
    produced by thickening and rigidity of the a Swedish physician , has recommended me
    valves of the heart . tallic brushes for the purpose of conveying gal

    138.1
    Bruit Placentaire, B. de souffletplacentaire, vanism to a part. These brushes consist of a
    Placental bellows' sound. The bellows' sound plate of ebony fitted to another of gold, in which

    ISE
    **
    heard on auscultating over the site ofthe placenta threads of the samemetal are fixed ;—the brush

    3.2
    S
    in a pregnant female .,

    segir5+2.a
    being connected with one of the poles of the
    BRUIT DE POT FELÉ , Sound of a cracked galvanic pile.
    vessel.' This sound is heard on percussion , BRUSH , STOMACH , Excutia ventriculi.
    when a cavern in the lungs is filled with air BRUTA, Juniperus sabina .
    and has a narrow outlet. BRUTIA . A sort of thick pitch , obtained
    Bruit de RACLEMENT , ' Sound of scraping. ' from Brutia in Italy . From the Piz Brutia was
    A sound produced by the scraping of a hard, obtained the Oleum Picinum .
    bony substance against the pericardium . BRUTIA , Instinct.
    BruIT DE RAPE , Sound of a rasp . ' A sound BRUTINO , Terebinthina,
    heard during the contraction of either the auri- BRUXANELI . A Malabar , tree , the bark
    cles or ventricles. It is constant; and the contrac- and leaves of which have a strong smell , and
    tion of the cavity is more prolonged than natu- are astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its
    ral, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were juice, mixed with butter, is applied to boils.
    -stifled sound. Its bark is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots
    It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices, anti -arthritic .
    by cartilaginous deposites or ossification , and BRUYÈRE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris.
    accompanies the contraction of the auricles if BRUYÈRES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    the auriculo-ventricular valves are concerned, Bruyères is a small village, ?} leagues from
    —that of the ventricles if the semilunar valves Luneville. The waters are acidulous and cha
    be the seat of the disease .
    |ly beate .
    The Bruit de Scie , or saw -sound ,' and the BRYCHETHMOS , Rugitus.
    BRUIT DE LIME à bois, or ' file -sound,' resemble
    the last.
    BRYGMUS, Bovynos, Stridor Den'tium . (q.v.)
    Grinding of the ieeth .
    BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, bellows sound. A BRYO'NIA ALBA . White Bry'ony , Vitis
    sound like that ofa bellows, heard occasionally alta sylves'tris, Agros'tis, Agriam 'pelos, Am'pe
    by the ear applied to the chest during the con los agria, Archeos tris ,Echetro'sis,Bryonia as'.
    traction of the ventricles, auricles, or large ar- pera , Cedros'tis, Chelido'nium , Labrusca, Me
    teries. It coëxists with affections of the heart, lo'thrum , Ophrostaphylon, Psilothrum , Bryonia
    but is heard , also , without any disease in that Dioica. Nat. Ord . Cucurbitacea. Sex . Syst.
    organ,--whenever, indeed , an artery is com- Monæcia Monadelphia, (F.). Couleuvrée, Vigne 1.
    pressed. vierge, V. blanche. The root is large and succu entai
    An Encephalic bellows' sound has been de lent, and has an acrid , bitter, and disagreeable
    scribed by Dr. Fisher , of Boston It is heard taste. It is a drastic cathartic . Externally , it
    on applying the ear to the occiput or to the top has been applied , in form of cataplasm , in gout.
    of the head ; and is considered to indicate tur- When repeatedly washed,a good starch is ob
    gescence of vessels , or inflammation. When tained from it. The active principle has been
    such turgescence exists, the vessels are com- separated from it, and called Bryſonine.
    pressed, and the compression gives rise to the BRYONIA MECHOACANNA NIGRICANS, Con.
    sound in question . ВІ
    volvulus jalapa-b. Peruviana, Convolvulus
    BRUIT DE SOUFFLET PLACENTAIRE Bruit pla- jalapa. BU
    ,
    centaire ,—b. de Tiraillement, Bruit decraquement.
    Bruit TYMPANIQUE , Tympanic sound .' The BRYONINE. See Bryonia alba.
    BRYTIA, Marc of grapes.
    clear sound afforded by percussing the stomach BRYTON , Cerevisia. fold
    and intestines when containing air.
    BRULURE, Burn . BU, Bov, abbreviation 6 of Bous, an ox ;' in BE
    composition expresses, excess , greatness . '
    BRUNELLE, Prunella. Hence Bulimus, Buphthalmia , & c . pemina
    BUBASTECORDIUM 111 BUCHU-LEAVES

    BUBASTECORDIUM , Artemisia vulgaris. gan to the groin . It is an occasional accom


    BUBE, Pustule. paniment of Gonorrhæa.
    BUBO, Boußwv, Pano'chia, Panus inguina'lis, BUCAROS , Terra Portugallica.
    Adenophy'ma inguinalis, Bubonopa'nus, Cam- BUCCA, Gnathos ; the mouth . The cheeks
    bu'ca, Angus, Boubon , Codocele, Codoscella , (F. ) and hollow of the cheeks.
    Bubon , Poulain . In the works of Hippocrates BUCCAC'RATON , from Bucca , and xpaw,
    and Galen , this word, sometimes, signifies the ' I mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine,
    groin ; at others, the inguinal glands; and at which served of old for a breakfast - Linden .
    others, again , swelling or inflammation of these BUCCAL, Bucca'lis , from Bucca, 'the mouth ,'
    parts. The moderns apply the term to an in-or rather “ the cheek .' That which concerns
    flammatory tumour seated in the groin or axilla, the mouth ,and especially the cheeks.
    and they generally distinguish , 1. Simple or BUCCAL MEMRRANE, (F.) .Membrane Buccale.
    sympathetic Bubo which is independent of any The mucous membrane, which lines the inte
    virus in the economy. 2. Venereal Bubo, (F.) rior of the mouth.
    Bubon vénérien which is occasioned by the ve- BUCCAL or MOLAR GLANDS . Mucous folli
    nereal virus. 3. Pestilential Bubo or B. symp- cles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite
    tomatic of the Plague. The last two have by the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour,
    Sheet some been called the malignant Bubo, (F.) which mixes with the saliva , and lubricates the
    Bubon malin . Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primi- mouth .
    tif, shows itself with the first symptoms of syphi- The Buccal ARTERY, A. Sus-maxillaire ,
    lis : the consecutive not till afterwards. (Ch . ,) arises from the internal maxillary or
    BUBON , Bubo, Inguen-b. Gummiferum , from some of its branches , as the Temporalis
    see Ammoniac gum. profunda antica , or the Alveolar. It distributes
    BUBON GAL'BANUM. The systematic name its branches to the buccinator muscle, and to
    of the plant, which affords the Galbanum . the buccal membrane.
    Meto'pion . The plant is also called Ferula The Buccal Vein follows the artery .
    Africa'na, Oreoseli'num Africa'num , Ani'sum The Buccal NERVE or Buccinator Nerve,
    is given off by the inferior
    frutico'sum galbanif'erum , Anisum Africa'num Bucco-labial- (Ch .,) its
    frutescens. The long-leaved or lovage-leaved maxillary : It sends branches to the cheek ,
    Galbanum. Nat. Ord. Umbellifera . Galba- and especially to the buccinator muscle .
    num is the gummi-resinous juice of this tree. BUCCELA'TON or BUCCELA'TUS . A
    Its odour is fetid , and taste bitter and acrid : the loaf-shaped cathartic medicine ; made chiefly
    agglutinated tears are of a white colour, on a ofscammony.- Aëtius , Paulus of Ægina.
    ground of reddish brown. It forms an emulsion . BUCCEX and BUCCEL'LA. The fleshy ex
    when triturated with water, and is soluble in crescence of nasal polypus, so called because it
    proof spirit of wine, and vinegar : s. g. 1,212. was believed to proceed from the mouth. - Pa
    It has been given as an antispasmodic , and ex- racelsus. Also, a mouthful.
    BUCCINA , Turbinated bones .
    pectorant, in pill or emulsion . Dose , from gr.
    BUCCINA'TOR, from Buccina're, ' to sound
    10 to 60. Externally , it is applied as a cata-
    plasm . the trumpet,' The Buccina'tor Muscle, Retractor
    BUBON MACEDON'icum , Petroseli'num Mace- An'guli Oris, Bucco-Alvéolo -maxillaire, Aloéolo.
    4 don'icum , Apium petraum , Petra'pium ,Macedo'- labial- (Ch.,) Manso'rius. This muscle is situ
    tra
    nian Parsley, (F.) Persil de Macédoine. Its pro- ate in the substance of the cheeks. It extends
    perties are similar to those of common parsley, between the posterior portions of the alveolar
    but weaker and less grateful. The seeds are arches of the two jaws and the commissure of
    an ingredient in the celebrated compounds , the lips, which it draws backwards. It assists
    Mithridate and Theriac. in mastication, by pushing the food back to
    .2.1 BUBOʻNIUM , Aster Atticus, Golden Star- wards the teeth ; and, if the cheeks are distend
    wort. A plant, anciently supposed to be effi- ed by air, its contraction forces it out.
    cacious in diseases of the groin , from Boußwv, BUCCO . One who is blub-cheeked , or wide
    the groin .' mouthed .
    BUBONOCE'LE, from Bovßur ,' the groin,' BUCCO -ALVÉOLO -MAXILLAIRE, Bucci
    and xran , tumour,''rupture.' 'Hernia inguina'- nator.
    lis, In 'guinal Hernia or Rupture of the Groin , BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE , Buccal nerve.
    (F.) Hernie inguinale. Some surgeons have BUCCO- PHARYNGE'AL, Bucco -pharyn
    confined this term to hernia when limited to the geus, (F.) Bucco- pharyngien.Belonging to the
    Uitt groin , and have called the same affection, when mouth and pharynx. The Bucco- Pharyngdal
    it has descended to the scrotum, Os cheocele or Aponeuro'sis, or intermaa'illary Lig'ament, ex
    Scrotal Hernia . The rupture passes through tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid
    the abdominal ring: and in consequence of the process to the posterior part of the lower alveo
    greater size of this opening in the male is more lar arch , and affords attachment, anteriorly, to
    best frequent in the male sex . the buccinator, and posteriorly to the constric
    BU BONOPANUS , Bubo. tor pharyngis superior .
    BUBONOREX'IS , from Boußwv, ' the groin ,' BUC/CULA , from Bucca, “ the mouth.' A
    Truls and -gršış,' a rupturé. A name given to bubo-small mouth . The fleshy part beneath the
    nocele when accompanied with a division of the chin . - Bartholine .
    peritoneum , or when, in other words , it is de- BUCELLA'TIO . A mode of arresting he
    void of a sac. morrhage , by applying a pledget of lint to the
    BUBON'ULUS, a diminutive of Bubo, (q. v .) bleeding vessel.– Avicenna,Fallopius.
    A painful swelling of the lymphatics of the BUCERAS, Trigonella fænum .
    or; '11 penis, extending along the dorsum of that or- BUCHU -LEAVES, Diosma crenata .
    BUCK BEAN 112 BURN

    BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata . BULLA. A Bleb. (F.) Bulle. A portion of


    BUCKEYE , Æsculus hippocastanum . the cuticle, detached from the skin by the inter
    BUCKET FEVER , Dengue. position of a transparent, watery fluid. It forms
    BUCKHO , Diosma crenata . the 4th Order in Willan's and Bateman's ar F
    BUCNEMIA . See Elephantiasis—b. Tro- rangement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
    pica . See Elephantiasis. Erysipelas, Pemphigus, and Pompholyx. By 2
    BUCKTHORN , PURGING, Rhamnus. some Bulla has been used synonymously with TO
    BUCTON , Hymen . Pemphigus See, also , Hydatid .
    BUCK WHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum — b. BÚLLACE PLUM , Prunus invitia. tu
    Plant, eastern , Polygonum divaricatum . BULLÆ ROTUNDÆ CERVICIS UTERI, 01
    BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlo- Nabothi glandulæ .
    gisticum . BULLFISTS, Lycoperdon .
    BUG , BED , Cimex . BUMELLIA , Praxinus excelsior. ta
    BUGANTIA, Chilblain . BUNA , Coffea Arabica .
    BUGLE , Prunella-b . Common , Ajuga rep- BUNDURH , Corylus avellana.
    tans — 6. Pyramidale, Ajuga - 6. Rampante, Aju BUNIAS , Brassica napus.
    ga reptans. BUNITES VINUM . A wine, made by in
    BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis . fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic,
    BUGLOSS, Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — b. but scarcely ever used .
    Garden , Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga. BULBOCASTANUM .
    BUNIUM Balano .
    BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis . cas'tanum. The systematic name of a plant,
    BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MA- whose root is called the Pig -nut, (q. v. ) Agrio E
    JUS, Anchusa officinalis — b . Latifolium , Bora- cas'tanum , Nu'cula terres'tris, Bulbocasta'neum , &

    Sylvestris , Anchusa officinalis — b. Tincto- Hawk-nut, Kipper-nut, (F.) Terrenoir. The


    rum, Anchusa tinctoria — b . Verum , Boracic root is tuberous, and is eaten raw or roasted.
    acid- b. Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. It has been supposed of use in strangury. It
    BUGULA , Ajuga. is not employed in Medicine.
    BUGRANDE ÉPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa. BUNNIAN , Bunyon .
    BUGRANE , Ononis spinosa — 6. des Champs, BUNYON , Bun'nian , from Bouros, ' an emi
    Ononis arvensis . nence . ' (?) An enlargement and inflammation
    BUIS, BUXUS . of the Bursa mucosa at the inside of the ball of
    BUISARD,MINERAL WATERSOF. Bui- the great toe.
    sard is two leagues from Chateau - Thierry, in BUPEINA , Boulimia.
    France . The water contains muriate and car- BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinc
    bonate of lime. toria.
    BULB , Bulbus, (F.) Bulbe. A name , given BUPTHAL'MIA , Bupthal'mos , from Bovs,
    by Anatomists to different parts which resem ' an ox ,' and op 9ahuos , an eye.' Oz eye.
    ble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb Under this name thegenerality of authorshave
    of the Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. designated the first stage of hydropthalmia .
    Bulb of the Teeth ; the vascular and nervous Others, with Sabatier, mean, by this term , the THIS
    papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth. turgescence of the vitreous humour, which, by
    The Bulb or Root of theHair ,is thepart whence pushing the iris forwards, forms around the
    the hair originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is crystalline a sort of border .
    the dilated portion formed by the commencement BUPHTHALMUM MAJUS , Chrysanthe
    of the Corpus spongiosum towards the rootofthe mum leucanthemum .
    penis. We say , also, Bulb, for Globe, of the eye. BupTHALMUM CRETICUM , Anthemis Pyre.
    BULB , Rachidian . See , Medulla oblongata. thrum . BI
    BULBE DE LA VOUTE A TROIS PI. BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Sem
    LIERS, Mamillary tubercles. pervivum tectorum .
    BULBI PRIORUM CRURUM FORNICIS , BUPLEUROIDES , Bupleurum rotundifo ine
    Mamillary tubercles. lium.
    61
    BULBO.CAVERNOSUS , Accelerator urinæ BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM , Bu BI
    b. Syndesmo- caverneur, Accelerator urinæ – 6 . pleu'ron , Bupleuroi'des, Round -leaved Hare's
    Uretral, Accelerator urinæ . Ear, or Thorowo -war, ( F. ) Buplèvre, Percefeuille.
    BULBOCASTANEUM , Bunium bulbocas. The herb and seeds are slightly arounatic. It
    ខ្លី
    ធទីនា

    tanum . was formerly celebrated for curing ruptures,


    BULBONACH , Lunaria rediviva . being made into a cataplasm with wine and
    BULBUS ESCULENTUS ; the Esculent oatmeal.
    bulb ; a particular kind , so denominated by the BUPLÈVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium .
    ancients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa BURAC, Boraz. Also, any kind of salt. BU
    Ascalonica .— Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny , & c (Arabic.)
    Bulbus VOMITO'Rius . ' A plant, said by Dios- BURDOCK , Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan
    corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the thium .
    Musk -grape flower, according to Ray :—the BURIS . Hernia , accompanied by scirrhous tah
    Hyacinthus Muscari. tumefaction ; or , perhaps, à scirrhous tumour
    BULIMIA , Boulimia . only . - Avicenna. ate
    BU'LITHOS, from Bous , ' an ox ,' and 2190s, BURN, Ustio, Ambustio, Adus'tio, Tresis
    • a stone.' A bezoar or stone , found in the kid- Causis, Erythema Ambus'tio, Causis, Encau'sis,
    neys , gall-bladder , or urinary bladder of an ox Combustu'ra, Calacau'ma, Combus'tio , (F.) Brú:
    or cow .
    lure. An injury produced by the action of too
    BURNEA . 113 BYTHOS

    rtion : great heat on the body . Burns are of greater been applied to vegetable substances, which
    or less extent; from the simple irritation of the resemble, in some respects, the butter obtained
    integument to the complete destruction of the from milk .
    21 : E part. The consequences are more or less severe , BUTTER OF BAMBOUC or BAMBUC , (F .) Beurre
    10.12
    according to the extent of injury and the part de Bambouc ou Bambuk. A vegetable oil ob
    affected. Burns of the abdomen, when appa- tained from a species of almond, and used in
    rently doing well, are sometimes followed by Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
    fatal results. Their treatment varies : at times, BUTTER OF Cacao, Oil of Cacao, Oleum Ca
    the antiphlogistic being required : at others, cao spissa'tum , 0. Theobro'mæ Cacao expressum ,
    UTEK one more stimulating: (F.) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fat
    BURNEA . See Pinus Sylvestris. substance of a sweet and agreeable laste , ob
    BURNING , or BRENNING . A disease men- tained from the Theobroma cacao, or Chocolate
    tioned by old historians, from which authors Nut.
    have unsuccessfully endeavoured to demonstrate BUTTER OF Cocoa , ( F. ) Beurre de Coco . A
    the antiquity of syphilis . - Parr. fatty , concrete substance, which separates from
    BURRHI SPIRITUS MATRICA'LIS . The the milk of the Cocoa nut. It is sweet and
    Spirit of Burrhus for diseases of the Womb. It agreeable.
    COTMEK
    is prepared by digesting, in alcohol,equal parts BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
    of myrrh, olibanum , and mastic . BOERHAAVE BUTTERCUPS , Ranunculus acris .
    frequently prescribed it. BUTTERFLYWEED, Asclepias tuberosa.
    fa BURSA TESTIUM, Scrotum_b . Virilis, BUTTERMILK , ( F. ) Babeurre, Lait de
    Scrotum . Beurre. The thin, sour milk , separated from
    BURSÆ MUCOSÆ , Synovial Crypts or the cream by churning. It contains caseum and
    Earibu Follicles, (F.) Bourses Synoviales. Smalf mem- a little butter. It is a refreshing drink when
    o . branous sacs, situate about the joints , particu- newly made.
    larly about the large ones of the upper and BUTTERWORT , Pinguicola vulgaris.
    gury. lower extremities , and, for the most part, lying BUTUA , Pareira brava .
    under the tendons. They are naturally filled BUTYRUM, BUTTER—b. Amygdalarum
    with an oily kind of fluid , the use of which is dulcium , Confection (almond)—b. Saturni,
    to lubricate surfaces over which tendons play: Unguentum plumbi superacetátis—b. Zinci,
    Jammu In consequence of bruises or sprains, this fluid Zinci chloridum .
    the bel sometimes collects to a greatextent. The Bursa BUVEUR , Rectus internus oculi.
    are, generally , either of a roundish or oval form , BUXTON , MINERAL WATERS OF , Bux
    and they have been arranged under two classes, tonien'ses Aquæ . Buxton is a village in Derby.
    emis the spherical and vaginal. shire. The springs are thermal , and about 820
    BURSALIS, Obturator internus. Fahrenheit. They are used in cases in which
    rom ks BURSERA ' GUMMIF'ERA, Terebinth'us thermal springs, in general, are recommended .
    gummif'era, Jamaica Bark Tree. A resin ex. They contain little or no mineralimpregnation.
    thors et udes from this tree , which is solid externally, as BUXUS , Burus sempervi'rens. " The Box
    iptas met with in the shops : softish internally : of a tree. (F.) Buis ou Bouis . The leaves are bitter
    vitreous fracture : transparent : of a pale yellow and aromatic, and, as such, have been used in
    rbice, colour : turpentine smell, and sweet, perfumed medicine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, & c.,
    taste. It has been used like the Balsams and in the form of decoction. They are sometimes,
    Turpentines in general, and is called, by the also , added to beer. The seed was anciently
    French , Cachibou, Chibou, and Resine de Go- called Carthe'gon .
    mart. BYRETHRUM . A sort of cap or_Cowore
    s Porta BURSULA, Scrotum . chef, filled with cephalic substances. - Forestus.
    BUSSANG , MINERAL WATERS OF. Bus. BYRSA , Buqoa. A leather skin to spread
    sang is a village in the department of Vosges, plasters upon .
    France. The waters are slightly chalybeate. BYRSODEP'SICON . A Tan stuff, with
    BUSSEROLLE , Arbutus uva ursi. which CÆlius AURELIANUS sprinkled wool,
    BUSSII SPIRITUS BEZOARÄTICUS. which he applied in certain cases to the umbi
    WE The Bezoar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A prepara- lical region : from Bunoa, ' leather,' and dey'ɛw ,
    tion , regarded as sudorific, diuretic, and anti-
    Here's I tan.
    cefloor spasmodic : obtained by distilling subcarbonate BYSAU'CHEN , from ßvo , ' I stop up,' and
    atic s
    and muriate of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or avxwv, “ the neck .” A morbid stiffness of the
    tore juniper , &c . neck .
    up
    BUTEA FRONDOSA . See Kino. BYSSOS, Vulva.
    ine 15
    BUTIGA , Gutta rosea . BYSSUS or BYSSUM . The ancients gave
    jam BUTOMÓN , Iris pseudacorus. this name to several vegetable substances,
    of sal BUTTER , Butyrum , Pice'rion , (F. ) Beurre. which were used for the fabrication of stuffs,
    A sort of concrete oil,obtained from the cream , prized for their fineness, colour, and rarity of
    which forms on the surface of the milk fur- ihe material. It is now chiefly applied to the
    nished by the females of the mammalia ; espe- filaments, by the aid of which the acephalous
    us cially by the cow and the goat. Fresh butter mollusca attach their shells to the rocks. B. was
    scirrh
    tup
    o is very nutritious, whilst the rancid is irritating. formerly also applied to the female pudendum .
    The ancient chemists gave the name Butter to BYTHOS, Bu9os, ' depth . An epithet used
    many of the metallic chlorides. It has also by HIPPOCRATES for the fundus of the stomach .
    EA
    EHCE 15
    tion of the
    CAA-APIA 114 CACO-ALEXITERIA

    С
    C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- CACAVI , Cacao , Jatropha manihot.
    nifies Nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- CAC'ATORY , Cacato'rius, froin caca're , ' to
    scriptions for Calx. go to stool . ' Febris cacuto'ria ; a kind of inter
    CAA- AP'IA , Dorste'nia Brazilien' sis. The inittent fever, accompanied by copious alvine
    root, according to Piso, is employed as emetic evacuations. - Sylvius.
    and anti - diarrheic . CACCE , Excrement.
    CAA -ATAY'A . A plant of Brazil , supposed CACCIONDE. A sort of pill, chiefly form
    to be a species of Gratiola . It is very bitter, ed of catechu , recommended by Baglivi in dy
    and considered to be one of the best indigenous sentery .
    cathartics . CACHANG -PARANG . A sort of bean of
    CAACICA , Euphorbia capitata. Sumatra, mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds
    CAA -GHIYU'YO , Fruter bac'cifer Brazilien'- are given in pleurisy: Jussieu considers it to
    sis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in pow. be the Mimo'sa scandens.
    der, are considered detersive. CACHEC'TIC , Cachec'ticus, same etymon
    CAAOPIA , Hypericum bacciferum . as Cachexia . One attacked with cachexia . Be
    CAAPEBA , Pareira brava. longing to cachexia . Cachec'iica reme'dia , are !
    CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum . remedies against cachexia .
    CAA'ROBA. A Brazilian tree , whose leaves, CACHEN LAGUEN , Chanchalagua, Chi
    in decoction, promote perspiration . — See Cera- ronia chilensis.
    tonia . CACHEX'IA , from xazos , bad , ' and écis ,
    CABAL , Cab'ala, Caballa, Calbala , Caba- habit.' Status cachec'ticus. A condition in 1
    lia , Kabala , Gaballa. This word is from the which the body is evidently depraved . A bad
    Hebrew, and signifies knowledge transmitted habit of body ; chiefly the result of scorbutic,
    by tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of cancerous, or venereal diseases when in their 1
    the 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much last stage. Hence we hear of a Scorbutic C. ,
    of this species of magic, which they distin- Cancerous C., &c. Sauvages and Cullen have
    guished into Judaic or Theologian, and hermetic included under this head a number of diseases
    or medicinal; the latter being, according to i - consumptions, dropsies , & c. Cachexia has
    them , the art of knowing the most occult pro- been sometimes confounded with diathesis.
    perties of bodies by an immediate communica- The Cacheria Icerica is jaundice or icterus it
    tion with spirits :-the knowledge being thus self, or a disposition thereto. The fluor albus
    acquired by inspiration , and incapable of in- is sometimes called Cachexia Uterina.
    ducing error . It was also called Ars cabalistica, Cachexia AFRICANA , Chthonophagia,
    cabalistic art . ' CACHEXIA ALBA, Leucorrhæa-c . Calculosa ,
    CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, accord- Lithia .
    ing to Dalechamps, which passes for an anti- CACHEXIA, CHLOROTIC ,Chlorosis - c. Icterica,
    dote to white hellebore, and yet is used for poi. Icterus - c. Scrophulosa , Scrofula.
    soning arrows . It is unknown to botanists. CACHEXIA SPLENICA. ' The state of scorbutic
    CABALIST, Cabalista. One instructed in Cachexia, which often accompanies diseases of
    the Cabal . the spleen , especially in India . - Twining.
    CABALLATION, Cynoglossum . CACHEXIA VIRGINUM , Chlorosis.
    CABARET, Asarum. CACHIBOU . See Bursera gummifera.
    CABBAGE, Brassica - c. Skunk, Draconti- CACHINNA'TIO , from cachin'no, ' I laugh
    um fætidum - c. Tree , Geoffræa inermis-c . aloud . ' A tendency to immoderate laughter,
    Bark tree , Geoffræa inermis. as in somehysterical and maniacal affections.
    CABUREIBA , Myroxylon Peruiferum . CACHIRI. A fermented liquor made, in
    CABUREICIBA. See Myroxylon Peruife- Cayenne, from a decoction of the rasped root of
    rum . the manioc . It resembles perry.
    CAC'AGOGUE , Cacago'gus, from xarxn, CACHLEX . A small stone or pebble , found
    lexcrement,' and ayelv ,' to expel.' An ointment, on the sea- shore. One of these, when heated in
    composed of alum and honey ; which , when the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an
    applied to the anus , produced an evacuation.- astringency to the liquid , so that it was an . 1
    Paulus of Ægina . ciently esteemed to be useful in dysentery.
    CACA'LIX ANTEUPHOR'BIUM , Anteu - Galen.
    phorbium . A plant,which Dodoens and others CACHOS . An Oriental fruit, apparently of 1
    considered to be capable of tempering the caus- a Solanum , which is esteemed lithontriptic.
    tic properties of the euphorbium . It is also CACHOU, Catechu . !
    called Kleinia . CACHRYS LIBANO'TIS . An umbellife. 1
    Many varieties of the Cacalia are used , in rous plant, which grows in Africa and the South
    different countries, chiefly as condiments . of Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its
    CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Co'coa Cacavif'era, Caca'- seeds are extremely acrid. 1
    ri, Quahoil, Cacava'ta . The Cocoa or Choco- CACHUN'DE . An Indian troch or pastile
    late Nut ; the fruit of the Thælro'ma ; Family, composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnamon,
    Malvacev . Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Pentan- aloes, rhubarb , galanga, pearls, rubies, eme
    dria, ralds , garnets, &c . It is regarded by the peo
    CACATION , Defecation . ple of India as an antidote, stomachic, and anti 1
    CACATORIA, Diarrhaa. spasmodic.
    CACAVATA , Cacao. CACO-ALEXITERIA , Alexipharmic.
    CACOCHOLIA 115 CÆCITAS

    CACOCHOʻLIA, from zaxos, 'bad ,' and yoàn, 1 Toon, nutrition .'— Vitio'sa nutri' tio :—disor
    bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved con- dered nutrition.- Galen .
    dition of the bile .
    CACOU , Cagot, Catechu .
    CACOCHROI , from xaxos, bad ,' and wood, CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA , Coucin 'ea Coccin'
    colour.' Diseases in which the complexion is ea , Schousba'a coccin'ea , Tikimma. A perennial
    morbidly changed in colour. twining shrub of South America ; the plant of
    CACOCHYLIA, from xazos, bad ,' and which , as well as the fruit, is possessed of eme
    quaos, ' chyle . Depraved chylification. to-cathartic properties.
    CACOCHYM'IA , Corrup'tio Humo'rum , from CACTIER, Cactus opuntia .
    xaxos,,, bad,' and yuuos, juice ,' humour.' CACTUS OPUN’TIA , Opuntia. The Indian
    Cacoch'ymy. Depravation of the humours . Fig, ( F. ) Cactier , Raquetie , Figuier d'Inde.
    CacochýmIA VENEREA , Syphilis .
    CACOCH’YMUS, Cacoch yndicus. One at- This plantgrowsin South America, Spain ,
    & c . Its fruit, which has the shape of theItaly ,
    fig ,
    tacked with cacochymia . Belonging to caco- is of a sweetish taste , and colours the urine red
    chymia . when eaten . Its leaves are considered refrige
    CACOCNE'MOS ,Malis suris prædi'tus; from rant.
    xaxos, bad ,' and xvnur, the leg. ' One who CADA'BA, Stroë mia . A genus of the family
    has bad legs.
    Capparideæ , natives
    of the of
    CACOCORE'MA ,from xanos ,ʻbad ,'and x0080), young shoots India and
    Cada'ba Arabia.
    farino'sa The
    are con
    " I purge, or cleanse .' A medicine which purges sidered to be an antidote against venomous
    off the vitiated humours . bites.
    CACODÆMON , from xaxos , ' bad,' and dat- CADA'VER , Ptoma, Necron , vexpov. A dead
    uwv, ' a spirit. ' An evil spirit , to which were body ; a subject; a carcass, (F.) Cadavre. The
    ascribed many disorders . The Nightmare. word has been supposed to come from cado, ' I
    CACODIA , Anosmia . fall ;' and by some , to be a contraction from
    CACOËTHES, from xaxos, ' bad ,' and 1905, caro data vermibus, í flesh given to the worms!'
    • disposition, habit,' &c . Of a bad or vitiated CADAVEROUS, Cadaverosus, Necrodes.
    character. ( F.) Cadavércur. Belonging to the dead body ;
    CACOGALACTIA , from raxos, ' bad ,' and as cadaverous smell. The Cadaverous or Hippo
    yula , gen. yudaxtos, ‘milk . A bad condition cratic face (see Face ,) is an unfavourable sign
    of the milk . in disease, and generally denotes a fatal termi.
    CACOMORPHIA , Deformation . nation .
    CACOPATHI'A , Passio Mala , from zaxos , CADEJI- INDI, Malabathrum .
    . bad ,' and nafos , affection .' A distressed CADEL -AVANACU , Croton tiglium.
    state of mind . - Hippocr. CADIA . An Egyptian, leguminous plant.
    CACOPHO'NIA , from zaxos , 'bad ,'and φωνη ,, The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the
    " the voice . ' A dissonant condition of voice : power of relieving colic .
    ritia'ta vor . CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
    CACOPRA'GIA , from xazos , ' bad ,' and CAD'MIISULPHAS, Cadmium Sulphu'ri
    paytw, ' I perform.' Depraved condition of the cum , Sulphas Cad'micus, Meli'ni Sulphas, Klap
    chylopoietic organs. rothii Sulphas, Klaprothium Sulphu'ricum , Me
    CACORRHACHI'TIS, from zaxos, bad ,' li'num Sulphu'ricum , Sulphate of Cadmium .
    Cacorrha'chis , Spon.
    and payıs, ' the spine.' Used in spots on the Cornea , and in chronic
    dylalgia. Deformity of the spine. Disease torpid inflammation of the conjunctiva, in the
    of the spine. Spontaneous luxation of the quantity of half a grain to a grain to the ounce
    vertebræ and ribs dependent upon internal of water,
    causes . CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul.
    CACORRHYTHMUS, Arrhyth'mus, from phas.
    xaxos ,, ' bad,' and puguos, ' rhythm,' order .' CADTCHU , Catechu .
    Irregular. CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua .
    CACO'SIS . Vice , Mala disposi'tio. A bad CADU'CITY , Imbecillitas, Debil'itas, Cadu'.
    condition of body. - Hippocr. citas. The French use the word Caducité, for
    CACOSITIA , from xazos, ' bad ,' and ortiov, the portion of human life, which is comprised
    ( aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food . - Fas- generally between 70 and 80 years. The age,
    tid'ium cibo'rum. which precedes decrepitude. It is so termed
    CACOSOMIUM , from xaxos , 'bad ,' and ovua, in consequence of the limbs not usually pos
    the body .'. An hospital for leprosy, and incu- sessing sufficient strength to support the body .
    rable affections. The precise age must of course vary in indi.
    CACOSPHYX'IA , from naxos , bad ,' and viduals.
    oqušis, pulse .'- Vitiosus pulsus. Bad state of CADUS , xados. A Greek measure , equal to
    pulse . --Galen . ten gallons English . — Pliny.
    CACOSTOM'ACHUS , from xazos, “ bad ,' CĂDUS , Amphora .
    and otomce 70s, ' the stomach .' What disagrees CÆCAL , Caculis. Belonging to the cæcum ,
    with the stomach . Indigestible . - Gorræus. from cæcus, ' blind, hidden .' The Cæcal arte
    CACOS'TOMUS, from xaxos , bad ,' and rics and veins, are the branches of the Arteria
    OTOM , ' a mouth . Having a bad mouth . et renæ colica dextræ inferiores, distributed to
    CACOTHYM'IA ,Vitium An'imi, from xaxos, the cæcum .
    bad ,' and gunos, mind,' ' disposition.' A vi- CÆCATRIX , Cicatrix .
    tious state of mind .- Linden . CÆCITAS , Blindness, Anap'sia , Typhlotes,
    CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa. Typhlo'sis, ( F. ) Avcuglement, Cécité . C. may
    CACOTROPH'IA ,' from xaros , bad ,' and be dependent upon many different diseases,–
    CÆCITAS 116 CAINCÆ RADIX

    as upon amaurosis, specks, hypopyon , cataract, and Gastrohysterotomy, (F.) Opération Césari
    glaucoma, ophthalmia, atrophy of the eye , enne.
    sider
    the (
    &c . An incision has been made into the uterus C
    Cæcitas CREPUSCULARIS, Hemeralopia - c. through the vagina ; constituting the Vaginal CE
    Diurna, Nyclatopia . Casarean Section , ( F. ) Opération césarienne bar
    CÆCUM or CCECUM , Intesti'num cæcum , vaginale. DAPE
    Monom'achon, Monocolon , Monoculum , Typhlo . The Cæsarean Section may be required when the D
    teron monocolon, Ini'tium intesti'ni crassi, Saccus, the mother dies before delivery ;-when there when
    Cæcum Caput Coli, Prima cella coh ,from cæcus, is some invincible obstacle to delivery, from
    blind.' The Blind Gut, so called from its be the faulty conformation of the pelvis ; or when CA
    ing perforated at one end only. That portion the child has passed into the abdominal cavity CA
    of the intestinal canal , which is seated between in consequence of rupture of the uterus . CA
    the termination of the ileum and commence- CÆSARIES , Capillus.
    СА .
    ment of the colon ; and which fills, almost CÆSIUS , Glaucoma.
    wholly, the right iliac fossa : where the perito. CÆSONES, CÆSARES . Children brought CA.
    neum retains it immovably . Its length is about into the world by the Cæsarean operation. Perpt
    3 or 4 fingers' breadth . The lleo -cæcal valve CÆSU'LIÆ . They who have gray eyes.
    or Valde of Bauhin shuts off all communication CÆSURA , Cut,
    between it and the ileum ; and the Appendir CÆTCHU , Catechu .
    vermiformis cæci is attached to it. CAF , Camphor. L?V4
    CÆCUS . " Blind . ' One deprived of sight. CAFAL , Agrimony. CAL
    (F.) Aveugle, Borgne. In anatomy,it is used CAFAR , Camphor. CAL
    to designate certain holes or cavities, which CAFÉ, Coffea. CAL
    end in a cul-de-sac ; or have only one opening. CAFÉ A LA SULTANE . This name has
    The FORA'men Cecum of the frontal bone is been given to an infusion or decoction of the telep
    a small cavity at the inferior extremity of the ground coques or pericarps which surround the
    internal coronal crest or crista - Fronto-ethmoi. coffee. del
    dalforamen— (Ch .),( F .) Trou aveugle ou borgne. Cafe Citrin. The aqueous infusion of un CAL
    Morgagni has given the same name to the small roasted coffee, so called on account of its yel CAL
    cavity , in the middle of the upper surface ofthe lowish tint. CAL
    tongue, near its base ; the sides of which are CAFEYER, Coffea Arabica. CAL
    furnished with mucous follicles — Lacune de la CAFFA, Camphor. Thus
    langue.- (Ch .), CAFIER , Coffea Arabica .
    HÆMORRHOI'Des CÆCÆ , Blind Piles, (F. ) Hé. CAGAS'TRUM . The principle or germ of the ima
    morrhoides aveugles, are those unaccompanied diseases, which are communicable .. Paracel.
    by any discharge . sus .
    bal
    Blind Ducts of the Urethra , (F.) Conduits CAGNEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis. BED
    aveugles de l'urethre, are the Mucous Lacu'na of CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha. CAL
    the Ure'thra . CAGOT, (F.) A name given to deformed
    The FORAM'INA CÆCA,-ANTERIUS ET Pos- and miserable beings, met with in the Pyre Cadania
    TERIUS , are situate at the fore and back parts of nees , Bearn , and Upper Gascony in France, Lednia
    the tuber annulare of the brain , and at the ex- where they are also called Capots. In other cal
    tremities of the depression made by the verte- districts they are called Gézils, Gézilains, Cré VTI
    bral artery. The former is placed between the tins, Gahets, Capons, Coliberts,Cacous, Cagneur, Calami
    nerves of the 3d, and the latter between those & c. See Crétin. The word Cagot is supposed purpos
    of the 6th pais. to be an abbreviation of Canis Gothus, · Dog PARA'
    e
    CÆLA- BOLO, Torenia Asiatica. of a Goth . ' T
    CÆMENTUM , Lute. CAHINCÆ RADIX , Caincæ radix .
    CÆRULEUM BEROLINENSE , Prussian CAI’EPUT or CAJ'EPUT , OIL OF. Kya
    blue - c. Borussicum , Prussian blue . putty , Cajupu'ti Oleum , Melaleu'cæ Leucoden '. por den
    CÆRULOSIS NEONATORUM , Cyanopa- dri Oleum . The oil has a strong smell, fra. Vente
    s
    thy. grant, like camphor ; taste pungent and aro
    CÆSALPI'NIA SAPPAN , ( F.) Brésillet. matic: limpid. It is stimulant, and useful CAL
    Bois de Sappan. A small Siamese tree, the where the essential oils in generalare employed. M CAL
    eliss
    wood of which is used in decoction , in cases of It has also been called Oil of Witneben , from a
    ina
    contusion . the person who first distilled it.
    The Brazil wood or Fernambuco wood , for- CAILLE , Tetrao coturnix . CAL
    merly used as an astringent, is the wood of the CAILLEBOTTE Curds.
    Casalpin'ia echina'ta . CAILLELAIT BLANC, Galium mollugo-c. CAL
    The kernel of the Casalpin'ia Bonducell'a, Vraie, Galium verum .
    the seed ofwhich is called in India Kutkuleja CAILLOT , Coagulum . bor
    and Kutoo Kurunja is given as a febrifuge tonic . CAINANÆ RADIX , Caincæ radix . e,
    Dose ten grains. CAINCE RADIX , Radia Cliococºca , R. CA
    CÆSAREAN SECTION OR OPERA- Cainana , Caninana, Cahincæ , Kuhinca , Scr. bus tLhe
    enfo
    TION , Tomoto'cia , Cæsa'rea sectio, Purtus penta'rie Brazilien'sis, Cainca Root . The bark r
    cæsa'réus, Opera'tio cæsarea , Metrotom'ia , from of the root of the Chiococc'a anguif'uga , a plant oflnd
    cædere, ' to cut.' An incision made through of the Family Rubiacea , Ser. Syst. Pentandria Nar
    the parietes of the abdomen and uterus to ex . Monogynia, of Linnæus. It is bitter, tonie, kendu
    tract the fætus. In this manner Julius Cæsar and diuretic, but has not been long introduced . Calai
    is said to have been extracted .-Pliny. It is Dose of the powder from Aj to 3ss. n
    also called Hysteroto'mia , Hysterotomato’cia, Dr. John H. Griscom , of New York , con CA
    CAINITO 117 CALCARIA CHLORATA

    siders there is a remarkable analogy between Indicus, see Saccharum - c. Odoratus, Acorus
    the Cainca and the Apocynum cannabinum . calamus, Juncus odoratus.
    CAINITO , Chrysophyllum Cainito. Calamus RotANG . The systematic name
    * CAIPA SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Mala- of a plant, whence the Dragon's Blood , San
    bar plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform guis Draco'nis, is obtained. The Cinnabaris
    shape. The juice is drunk in that country for Græco'rum , Draconthe'ma, (F.) Sang.Dragon .
    the purpose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, It is the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India,
    when unripe, is emetic . from wounding the bark of the Calamus Ro
    CAISSE , Case - c. du Tambour, Tympanum. tang. It has been used as an astringent in he
    CAITCHU , Catechu. morrhages , & c .; but is now rarely employed .
    CAJAN , Phaseolus creticus . Calamus SACCHARINUS , see Saccharum .
    CAJUPUTI, Cajeput . Calamus Scripto'rius, Anay'lyphê, Rhom
    CALABASH TREE , NARROW-LEAVED , boi'dal Sinus. A Writing pen, (F.) Fossette an
    Crescentia Cujete. gulaire du quatrième ventricule. A small , angu
    CALAF, Salix Ægyptiaca. A large- leaved larcavity,situate at thesuperior extremity of
    Egyptian willow, called, also, Ban. The dis- the medulla, in the fourth ventricle of the
    tilled water of the flowers, called Macahalef, brain , which has been , by some, supposed to
    passes,in that country , for an excellent anti resemble a pen .
    aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antiloimic an- Calamus VULGARIS , Acorus calamus.
    tiseptic, and cordial . CALAPPITE . Rumphius has given this
    CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelmintica. name to calculous concretions, found in the
    CALAGIRAH , Vernonia anthelmintica . interior of some cocoa nuts . The cocoa tree
    CALAGUA'LÆ RADIX , Calague'læ Ra- itself the Malays call Calappa. These stones
    dir . The root of the Polypo'dium Calagua'la, are , likewise, termed Vegetable Bezoards. The
    or Aspid'ium coria'ceum . It has been exhibited in Malays attribute potent virtues to them , and
    Italyin dropsy, pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, wear them as amulets.
    &c . Its properties are not, however, clear. CALASAYA , Cinchone cordifolia cortex.
    CALAMBAC , Agallochum . CALBALA , Cabal.
    CALAMANDRINA, Tencrium chamedrys. CALBIA'NUM . The name of a plaster in
    CALAMBOUK, Agallochum. Myrepsus, the composition of which we know
    CALAME'DON, from walauos, ' a reed .' not.
    This word has had various significations. Some CALCADINUM , Ferri sulphas .
    have used it for an oblique fracture of a bone ; CALCAIRE , Calcareous .
    the fractured portions having the shape of the CALCANEO -PHALANGIEN DU PETIT
    nib of a pen . " Others have used it for a longi. ORTEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c.
    tudinal fracture, and others, again , for one that Phalanginien commun, Extensor brevis digito
    is comminuted .—Dictionaries. rum pedis — c. Sous- phalangettien commun ,
    CALAMINA, Cal'amine, from calamus, ' a Flexor brevis digitorum pedis - c. Sous-phalan
    reed,' so Cathmir
    Cadmia, called from its reed-likeappearance. ginienSous-phalangien
    , Cadmia lapido'sa aëro'sa, -c. commun, Flexordubrevis
    petit digitorum
    orteil, see pedis
    Ab
    Cadmia Fos'silis , Lapis Aëro'sus, Calim'ia , La- ductor minimi digiti pedís-c. Sus-Phalanget
    pis Calamina'ris, Calamina'ris, Car'bonas Zinci tien commun , Extensor brevis digitorum pedis,
    impu'rus, ( F.) Pierre calaminaire, P.c. preparée. CALCA'NEUM , from calz , ' the heel .' Cal
    Calamine is chiefly used for pharmaceutical cd'neus, Calcar, Os Calcis, Pterna . The largest
    purposes in the form of the CALAMINA PRE of the tarsal bones ; that which forms the heel.
    PARA'TA, Lapis Calamina'ris prepara'tus, Car'- It is situate at the posterior and inferior part of
    bonas zinci impu'rus preparatus, Prepared Ca- the foot ; is articulated above and a little ante .
    lamine ;-Calamine reduced to an impalpable riorly with the astragalus ; anteriorly, also,
    powder by roasting. In this state it is sprin- with the os cuboides. Its posterior surface,
    kled or dusted on excoriated parts, or to pre- called Heel, Talus, Calm, ( F.) Talon,-gives at
    vent excoriation , &c . tachment to the tendo achilles : the lower has,
    CALAMINARIS , Calamina. posteriorly , two tuberosities , to which the su:
    CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha - c. Field, perficial muscles of the sole of the foot are at
    Melissa nepeta - c. Mountain ,Melissa grandi- tached. The small Apophysis or lateral Apophy
    flora - c. Spotted , Melissa nepeta . sis of the Calca 'neum , ( F.) Petite Apophyse ou
    CALAMINTA HUMILIOR, Glecona hede- Apophyse latérale du Calcanéum ,is a projection at
    racea . the upper surface of this bone , on which is formed
    CALAMINTHA. Melissa C.-C. Anglica, Me- the posterior portion of the cavity , that receives
    lissa nepeta — c. Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis or ante
    -c. Montana, Melissa grandiflora - c. Pulegii rior Apoph'ysis of the Calca'neum is the projec
    odore , Melissa nepeta . tion , which corresponds, on one side , with the
    CALAMUS ALEXANDRINUS . Celsus cuboides; and on the other forms the anterior
    has thus called a medicine, which was long part of the facette, which receives the astraga
    confounded with the Calamus Aromaticus. It ius.
    is not a root, however, but the stalk of a plant CALCANTHON, Atramentum.
    of India and Egypt, probably the Andropogon CALCAR, Calcaneum , Ergot.
    Nardus. It entered into the theriaca, and has CALCA'REOUS , Calca'rius, from calr,
    been regarded antihysteric and emmenagogue ; lime. ' ( F.) Calcaire. Containing lime :
    Calamus aromaticus verus. as calcareous concretions, C , depositions, & c .
    CALAMUS AROMATICUS , Acorus calamus -c. CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta .
    aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus - C. CALCARIA CHLORAT.1, Calcis chlori
    CALCARIÆ CHLORUM 118 CALCULI

    dum — c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum - c. Phos- | Pierres crayeuses, Calculs arthritiques. Concre
    phorica, see Cornu cervi - c. Pura, Calx-c. tions , which form in the ligaments, and within
    Pura liquida, Liquor calcis. the capsules of the joints , in persons affected
    CALCARÍÆ CHLORUM ,Calcis chloridum. with gout. They are composed of uric acid ,
    CALCATOR, Ferri sulphas. soda, and a little animal matter ; very rarely,
    CALCATREPPOLA , Centaurea calcitrapa. urate of lime and muriate of soda are met with .
    CALCE'NA , CALCE'NON , CALCENO- Similar calculi are found in other parts besides
    NIA , CALCINO'NIA . Words employed by the joints.
    Paracelsus, to designate the concretions of tar- Bil'iary Cal'culi, Calculi bilio'si, Cysthe
    trate of lime, which form in the human body. patolithi'asis, Biliary Concretions, Gall-stones,
    CALCENOS, Calcetus. Chololithus , Cholelithus, Cholelith'ia , ( F. ) Cal.
    CALCEOLA’RIA, from calceolus, ' a small culs biliaires, Pierres au fiel. Some of these
    slipper; ' Slipperwort. contain all the materials of the bile , and seem
    The Calceola'ria Primata is used in Peru ened
    to be nothing more than that secretion thick
    as a laxative . . Several contain Picromel ; and the 1

    The CALCEOLA’Ria Trif'ida is esteemed to greater part are composed of from 88 to 94 parts
    be febrifuge. of Cholesterine, and of from 6 to 12 of the yel.
    CALCETUS, Calceno'nius, Calce'nos. That low matter of the bile . Biliary calculi are 1

    which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjec- most frequently found in the gall-bladder: at
    tive used, by Paracelsus, in speaking of the other times in the substance of the liver : in
    Hence came the the branches of the Ductus Hepaticus, or in the
    blood ; Sanguis calcetus.
    expression Calcined blood ,Sany calciné. Ductus Communis Choledochus. The first are
    CALCEUM EQUINUM , Tussilago. called Cystic ; the second Hepatic; and the
    CALCIG'RADUS, Pternobutes, from Calx , last, sometimes, Hepatocystic. The causes
    atedra, the heel , and Bairo , ' I 'walk .' One which give rise to them are very obscure. Of
    who walks on his Hippo
    heels . — cr. ten they occasion no uneasiness, and at other
    CALCII CHLORURETUM , Calcis chlori . times the symptoms may be confounded with
    dum - c. Oxychloruretum , Calcis chloridum-c. those of hepatitis. At times, they are rejected
    Oxydum - c. Calx viva - .c. Protohydrosulfate by the mouth, or by the bowels, along with a
    de, Calcis sulphuretum-c. Protochloruretum , considerable quantity of bile , which had accu
    Calcis chloridum . mulated behind them ; at other times , they 2
    CALCIGEROUS CELL , see Tooth . occasion violent abdominal inflammation , ab 1

    CALCINA'TION, Calcina'tio , Calci'non , Con- scesses, and biliary fistulæ, rupture of the gall. C

    crema'tio, from cair, "Jime. The act of sub- bladder, and fatal effusion into the peritoneum . 3

    mitting to a strong heat any infusible mineral The passage of a gallstone is extremely pain.
    substance : which we are desirous of depriving ful ; yet the pulse is not affected. Antiphlo 1
    either of its water, or of any other volatilizable gistics, when there is inflammatory action , and
    substance, that enters into its composition ; or strong doses of opium, to allay the pain and
    which wewish to combine with oxygen. Alum spasm, with the warm bath , are the chief reme a
    is calcined to get rid of its water of crystalli- dies. Solvents are not to be depended upon.
    zation ;-chalk , to reduce it to the state of pure They cannot reach the calculi.
    lime , by driving off the carbonic acid ; and cer. CAL'CULI IN THE EARS , ( F. ) Calculs de l'O.
    tain metals are subjected to this operation to reille. Hard , light, and inflammable concre
    oxidize them . tions, which occur in the meatus auditorius er
    CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hy- ternus, and are merely indurated cerumen . 1
    drargyrum præcipitatum . They are a frequent cause of deafness. They
    CALCINONIA , Calcena . can be easily seen , and may be extracted by
    CALCIS BICHLORURETUM , Calcis chlo- appropriate forceps, after having been detached
    ridum-c. Carbonas, Creta - c. Hepar, Calcis by injections ofsoap and water.
    sulphuretum - c O. xymurias, Calcis chloridum . Cal'culi LACH'RYMAL, ( F. ) Calculs lacry .
    CALCITEA , Ferri sulphas. maux . Concretions sometimes, but rarely,
    CALCITEOSA , Plumbi oxydum semivi- form in the lachrymal passages, where they
    treum . occasion abscesses and fistulæ , which do not
    CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas. heal until they are extracted . No analysis has
    CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa-c. been made of them .
    stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. CALCULI OF THE MAMMÆ , (F. ) Calculs des
    CALCITRAPPA , Delphinium consolida. Mamelles. Haller gives a case of a concre.
    CALCIUM , PROTOXI-CHLORURETOF, tion, of a yellowish -white colour, which had
    Calcis chloridum - c. Protoxide of, Calx. the shape of one of the excretory ducts of the
    CALCO -SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMIDI- mammary gland, having been extracted from
    GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis - c . Sub- an abscess seated in that organ .
    phalangeus pollicis, Abductor pollicis pedis. CAL'CULI OF THE PANCREAS, (F.) Calculs du
    CALCOCOS , Bellmetal. Pancréas. These are but little known. Analo
    CALCOIDEA , (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones . gy has induced a belief that they resemble the
    CALCOTAR , Ferri sulphas. salivary . Some have supposed that certain
    CALCUL, Calculus. transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or
    CALCULEUX , Calculous. passed in the evacuations , have proceeded from
    CALCULI, ARTICULAR . See Calculi the pancreas, but there seems no reason for
    this belief.
    Arthritic, and Concretions, Articular.
    Calculi, Arthrit'ıc, Chulk stones, (F.) | CalcULI OF THE PINEAL GLAND, ( F. ) Cal.
    CALCULI 119 CALCULI

    culs de la Glande Pinéale. These have been , which give rise to them are little known :
    frequently met with . No symptom announces sometimes a biliary calculus affords them a
    their presence during life. They are composed nucleus. Their composition varies . They are
    of phosphate of lime. light, hard, very fetid , and not inflammable.
    CAL'CULI OF THE PROstate . These are not They are formed, ordinarily, between the val
    very rare , They have generally the same vulæ of the small intestines, or in the cells of
    composition as the preceding. They usually the large,and sometimesin old herniæ . Whilst
    present the symptoms common to every tume. they do not obstruct the passage of the alimen
    faction of the prostate , and sometimes those of tary mass , they produce no unpleasant symp
    calculi in the bladder. tom . At times, the movable tumour, which
    Cal'culi PUL'MONARY, Phthisie calculeuse they form , may be felt through the parietes of
    of Bayle, ( F.) Calculs pulmonaires. These the abdomen .' They are generally evacuated
    concretions are very frequently met with in per anum .
    the dead body, without seeming to have pro- CalcuLI OF THE TONSILS . Calculous con
    duced unpleasant symptoms during life. At cretions, which sometimes form in the ton
    other times, they are accompanied with all sils . ( F.) Calculs des Amygdales. They are
    the symptoms of phthisis. At times, they easily recognised by the sightand touch : some
    are expectorated without the supervention of times they are discharged by spitting , either
    any unpleasant symptom . They are usually alone or with the pus of an abscess occasioned
    formed of carbonate of lime and animalmatter. by their presence. They have not been ana
    Cal'culi Salivary , ( F. ) Calculs salivaires . lyzed .
    Concretions , usually formed of phosphate of Calculi URINARY , Urol'ithi, (F.) Calculs
    lime and animal matter, which are developed urinaires, Pierres urinaires. Concretions,which
    in the substance of the salivary glands or in form from the crystallizable substances in the
    their excretory ducts . In the first case,they urine , and which are met with not only in the
    may be mistaken for a simple swelling of the whole course of the urinary passages, but in
    gland: in the second, they may be generally fistulous openings wherever the urine stag
    detected by the touch . They may be extracted nates naturally or accidentally. Their causes
    by incision , in the interior of themouth . are but little known . They are more common
    Cal'culí, SPERMAT'IC, (F.) Calculs sper . at the two extremities of life than at the mid
    matiques. These have been sometimes found dle, and more so in some countries and dis
    in the vesiculæ seminales after death. They tricts than in others . At times, a clot of blood ,
    cannot be detected during life . No analysis a portion of mucus, & c ., will form the nucleus.
    has been made of them . The symptoms and treatment vary according
    CalcULUS OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES , to theseat of the calculus. There is no such
    Enterol'ithus, E. Calculus, ( F.) Calculs de thing probably as a medicinal solvent. See
    l'estomac. Calculi of the stomach are rare , and Urinary Calculi.
    have almost always been carried thither by the Modern chymists have demonstrated the ex
    antiperistaltic action of the intestines. The istence of several components of urinary cal
    symptoms, occasioned by them , are those of culi, viz.Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Am
    chronic gastritis. It has been imagined that moniaco-Magnesian Phosphate,Oxalate of Lime,
    the continued use of absorbent powders, as Cystic Oxide, and Xanthic Oxide, with an ani
    magnesia, will give occasion to them . mal cementing ingredient. The varieties of
    Intestinal concretions, (F. ) Calculs intesti- calculi , produced by the combination or inter
    naux, are not uncommon in animals (see BE- mixture of these ingredients, are thus repre
    ZOARD :) but they are rere in man . The causes sented by Dr. Paris.
    A TABULAR VIEW OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI .

    SPECIES OF
    EXTERNAL CHARACTERS . CHYMICAL COMPOSITION . REMARKS .
    CALCULI .

    It is the prevailing
    It consists principally of Lithicspecies; but the sur
    Form , a flattened oval . S. G. Acid . When treated with nitric face sometimes occurs
    1. LITHIC or generally exceeds 1.500. Colour, acid a beautiful pink substance re finely tuberculated . It
    URIC . brownish or fawn - like . Surfuce, sults. This calculus is slightly sofrequently
    smooth. Texture, laminated . luble in water, abundantly so in thethe nuclei ofconstitutes
    the other
    pure alkalies .
    species.
    This species in
    Colour, dark brown . Texture , It is oralale of lime, and is decom - cludes soine varieties,
    2. MULRER harder than that of the other spe posed in the flame of a spirit lamp, which re remarka
    RY . cies. S. G. from 1.428 to 1.976. Sur- swelling out into a white efflores bly smooth and pale
    \face, studded with tubercles . cence, which is quicklimo. coloured , resembling
    nempseed.
    Colour, pale brown or gray ; sur
    3. BONE face, smooth and polished ; struc Principally phosphate of lime. It
    EARTH . ture, regularly laminated ;the la is soluble in muriatic acid .
    minæ easily separating into con
    crete crusts .

    $ Colour, generally brilliant white . It is an ammoniaco -magnesian


    Surface, uneven less
    shining crystals, , studded
    compact with
    than phosphate, generally mixed with This specics attains
    4. TRIPLE the preceding species. Between its phosphate of lime. Pure alkalies a larger size than any
    lamine samicells occur, filled with decompose it , extracting its animo- orthe others.
    uia .
    sparkling particles.
    CALCULI 120 CALCULI

    A TABULAR VIEW OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI .

    SPECIES OF
    CALCULI .
    EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. CHYMICAL COMPOSITION . REMARKS .

    It is intoa fusible ,
    very vitreous
    5. VUSIBLE . Colour. Grayish white . A compound of the two foregoingmelting
    species. globule .
    It consists of cystic oride. Un
    Very like the triple calculus, butder the blow pipe it yields a pecu .
    liarly fetid odour. It is soluble in It is a rare species.
    6. CYSTIC . it is unstratified and more compactacids , and in alkalies even if they
    and homogeneous. are fully saturated with carbonic
    acid .
    7. ALTER Its section exhibits different con- Compounded of several species,
    NATING . centric lamine. alternating with each other.
    8. COMPOUND. No characteristic form . The ingredients are separable
    only by chymical analysis.

    1. Renal Calculi, (F.) Calculs rénaur. These arise when there is some fistulous opening into
    have almost always a very irregular shape ; at the urethra. They can be readily recognised,
    times, there willbe no indication of their pre- and may generally be extracted with facility.
    sence: at others, they occasion attacks of pain (F.) Calculs places hors des voies urinaires.
    in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with See Urinary Calculi.
    bloody or turbid urine . Often, they cause in . Calcoli OF THE UTERUS . ( F. ) Calculs de
    flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea- l'Utérus. These are very rare. The signs , which
    sant results. They are generally formed of indicate them during life, are those of chronic
    uric acid , animal matter, and oxalate of lime, engorgement of the uterus. Their existence,
    with , sometimes , phosphates. The treatment consequently , cannot be proved till after death.
    will have to vary, according to the absence or CALCULIFRAGUS , Lithontriptic.
    presence of inflaminatory signs , relieving the CAL/CULOUS, (F.) Calculeur, Graveleur.
    irritation by opiates. A surgical operation can that which relates to calculi, especially to those
    rarely be applicable. of the bladder .
    2. Calculi in the Ureters. (F.) Calculs des CALCULS BILIAIRES, Calculi , biliary - c.
    Uretères . These come from the kidneys, and de l'Estomac, Calculi of the stomach - c. de la
    do not produce unpleasant effects, unless they Glunde pinéale, Calculi of the pineal gland - c.
    are so large as to obstruct the course of the Intestinaux, Calculi of the stomach and intes
    urine, and to occasion distention of the whole tines - c. Lacrymaur, Calculi, lachrymal - c. des
    of the ureter above them ; or unless their sur- Mamelles, Calculi of the mammæ – c. de l'O .
    face is so rough as to irritate the mucous mem- reille, Calculi in the ears — c. du Pancreas,Calculi
    brane, and occasion pain , hemorrhage, ab- of the Pancreas - c. Placés hors des voies uri 1

    scesses, &c . The pain, during the passage, is naires, Calculi in fistulous passages_c. Pulmo
    sometimes very violent, extending to the tes. naires, Calculi, pulmonary - c. Renauz, Calculi,
    ticle of the same side in the male ; and occa- renal — c. Salivaircs, Calculi, salivary - c. Sper
    sioning a numbness of the thigh in both sexes. matiques, Calculi, spermatic - c. Urinaires, Cal.
    The treatment consists in general or local culi, urinary - c. des Urétères Calculi in the
    blood -letting, warm bath and opiates. ureters- c. de l'Utérus, Calculi of the uterus
    3. Calculi Vesical. Slone in the Bladder, c. Vésicaur, Calculi, vesical .
    Lithia Vesica'lis , Lithi'asis cys'tica, Lithi'asis CALCULUS, Lapis, Lithos, 119oş. A di
    vesica'lis, Cysto-lithi'asis, Dysu'ria calculo'sa, minutive of cult, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcul,
    D. irrita'ta , Calculus vesi'ca , (F.) Calculs vési- Pierre . Calculi are concretions, which may
    caux . These are the most common . Some form in every part of the animal body, but
    times , they proceed from the kidneys : most which are most frequently found in the organs
    commonly, they are formed in the bladder that act as reservoirs, and in the excretory ca
    itself. Sense of weight in the perinæum , and nals . They are met with in the tonsils, joints ,
    sometimes of a body rolling when the patient biliary ducts, digestive passages, lachrymal
    changes his position ; pain or itching at the ducts, mammæ, ears, pancreas, pineal gland,
    extremity of ihe glans in men : frequent de prostate, lungs , salivary ,spermatic and urinary
    sire to pass the urine; sudden stoppage to its passages, and in the uterus. The causeswhich
    flow ; and bloody urine-are the chief signs give rise to them are obscure .
    which induce us to suspect their existence. Those, that occur in reservoirs or ducts, are
    We cannot, however, be certain of this with supposed to be owing to the deposition of the
    out sounding the patient. Sometimes, when substances which coinpose them , from the fluid
    of a small size, they are expelled : most com- as it passes along the duct ; and those which
    monly, they remain in the bladder , the disor- occur in the substance of an organ are re
    ganization of which they occasion , unless re- garded as the product of some chronic irrita
    moved by a surgical operation. tion . Their general effect is to irritate, as ex
    4. Calculi Urethral. They almost always traneous bodies, the parts with which they are
    proceed from the bladder. The obstruction, in contact; and to produce retention of the
    which they cause to the passage of the urine, Auid, whence they have been formed. The
    the hard tumour, and the noise occasioned symptoms differ, according to the sensibility of
    when struck by a sound, indicate their pre- the organ, and the importance of the particu.
    sence. They are removed by incision . lar secretion , whose discharge they impede .
    5. Calculi in Fis'tulous Passages. These Their solution is generally impracticable :
    CALDAS, WATERS OF 121 CALORINESES

    spontaneous expulsion or extraction being the CALIX . Infundibulum , from xanıt, ' a cup. '
    only ways of getting rid of them . (F. ) Calice, Entonnoir. Anatomists have given
    Calculus , ENCYSTED , Calcul chatonné - c. this name to small membranous canals, which
    Vesicæ, Calculus , vesical. surround the papillæ of the kidney , and open
    CALDAS , WATERS OF . Caldas is a small into its pelvis, whither they convey the urine.
    town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mine. Calices rénales, Cylind'ri membrana' cei Renum ,
    ral springs ; containing carbonic and hydrosul. Fis'tule ureterum renum , Canales membra'nei
    phuric acid gases, carbonates and muriates of Renum , Tu’buli pelvis renum. Their number
    lime andmagnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, varies from 6 to 12 in each kidney :
    sulphuret of iron, silica, and alumina. They Calix VOMITORIA , Goblet, emetic .
    are much used in atonic gout. They are ther- CALLEUX, Callous.
    mal. Temperature 93 ° Fahrenheit. CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu
    CALDE'RIÆ ITAL'ICÆ . Warm baths in anha.
    the neighbourhood of Ferrara , in Italy, much CALLICREAS, Pancreas.
    employed in dysuria. CALLIOMARCHUS , Tussilago.
    CALEBASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria. CALLIPÆDIA , from xalos, ' beautiful,' and
    CALEFA'CIENTS , Calefacien'tia ,Thermun'- TOIS,ruidos, a child.' The art of begetting
    tica, from calidus, ' warm ,' and fu'cio, ' I make.' beautiful children. This was the title of a poem
    ( F.) Échauffants. Substances which excite a by Claude Quillet, in 1655. Callipædia , side de
    degree of warmth in the part to which they are pulchræ prolis habendæ ratione. The author ab
    applied , as mustard , pepper, &c. They belong surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is
    to the class of stimulants . affected by the sensations which the mother
    CALEFACTIO , Echauffement. experiences during her pregnancy.
    CALENDULA ALPINA , Arnica montana . CALLIPESTRÍA , Cosmetics .
    CalEN'DULA OFFICINA'lis, C.Sati'da, Chry- CALLIPHYLLUM , Asplenium trichoma
    san'themum , Sponsa solis, Caltha vulga'ris ; noides.
    Single Marigold, Garden Mar'igold . Fa- CALLOSITAS, Induration_c. Palpebrarum ,
    mily, Synantherew , Syngenesia necessaria , Scleriasis.
    Linn, ( F.) Souci. The flowers and leaves have CALLOS'ITY , Callositas, Scyros, Tyloma,
    been exhibited as aperients, diaphoretics,& c., Tylo'sis, Dermatol'ylus, Ecphyma Callus. Hard
    and have been highly extolled, oflate ,in cancer. ness , induration, and thickness of the skin ,
    CalEN'DULA ARVEN'sis , Caltha Arden'sis, which assumes a horny consistence , in places
    Wild Marigold. (F.) Souci des Champs. This
    is, sometimes, preferred to the last. "Its juice
    where it is exposed to constant pressure. (F.)
    Durillon. Also , that induration, which is ob
    has been given, in the dose of from Zj to Ziv, served in old wounds, old ulcers, fistulous pas
    in jaundice and cachexia . sages, &c .
    CALENDULA MARTIALES , Ferrum am. CALLOUS , Callo'sus, Ochthodes, from cal
    moniatum . lus, hardness. ' (F.) Calleux. That which is
    CALENTU'RA, from calere, ' to be warm.' hard or indurated . A Callous Ulcer is one,
    The word , in Spanish , signifies fever. It is a whose edges are thick and indurated .
    species of furious delirium , to which sailors are CALLÚNA VULGARIS , Erica vulgaris .
    subject in the torrid zone :-a kind of phrenitis, CALLUS or CALUS or CALLUM. (F.) Cal.
    the attack of which comes on suddenly after a The bony matter, thrown out between the frac
    broiling day, and seems to be characterized by tured extremities of a bone , which acts as a
    a desire in the patient, to throw himself into cement, and as a new bony formation . The
    the sea . · It is only a variety of phrenitis. words are, likewise , used occasionally in the
    CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras. Po same sense as Callosity.
    met and Léméry say, that these words are , CALMANTS, Sedatives,
    sometimes, applied to the cinchona. Camelli CALME, (F.) The interval that separates
    says, they mean , also , a tree of the Philippine the paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease .
    Isles, the wood of which is bitter and febrifuge. When the type is intermittent, the word inter
    CÁLIDARIUM . See Stove. mission is used .
    CALF OF THE LEG , Sura. CALOMBA, Calumba.
    CALICE, Calix. CALOMELANOS TURQUE'TI. A name
    CALICES RÉNALES. See Calix . given , by Riverius, to purgative pills, prepared
    CALICO BUSH , Kalmia latifolia . with calomel, sulphur, and resin of jalap.
    CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat - c . CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
    Innatum , Animal heat. CALO'NIA , xáhowia. An epithet, formerly
    CALIGATIO, Dazzling . given to myrrh . - Hippoc. See Myrrha.
    CALIGO. A mist. ' Achlys. ( F.) Brouil CALOPHYLLUMINOPHYLLUM . See
    lard . An obscurity of vision , dependent upon Fagara octandra.
    a speck on the cornea : also , the speck itself, CALOR , Heat - c. Animalis , Animal heat.
    Caligo cornea , Macula corneæ , Phtharma caligo, CALORICITE, (F.) Calorid'itas. The faculty,
    C. à nephe'lio, Hebetu'do visûs, C. à leuco mate, possessed by living bodies, of generating a suf
    M.Sémipellu'cida,Nebula, ( q. v.) Opake cornea, ficient quantity of caloric, to enable them to
    Web -cye. (F.) Nouage de la Cornée, Tuye, Ob- resist atmospheric cold , and to preserve, at all
    scurcissement de la vue. times and in every part, a temperature nearly
    Caligo Lentis ,Cataract -- c. Pupillæ, Syne- equal . See AnimalHeat.
    zisis -- c . Synizesis, Synezisis. CALORIFICATION , Calorifica'tio. The
    CALIHÁCHA CANELLA , Laurus cassia . function of producing animalheat.
    CALIPERS. See Pelvimetti. CALORINE'SES , from calor, ' heat. ' The
    16
    CALOTROPIS MUDARII 122 CAMELÉE

    name, under which M. Baumes proposes to ar- dissolved in the proportion of one pound , to
    range all diseases, characterized by a sensible six gallons of water. It has likewise been em
    change in the quantity of animal heat. The ployed both internally and externally in various
    Calorinèses form the first class of his Nosology . diseases, as in scrofula, fætor oris, foul ulcers,
    CALOTROPIS MUDARII, Mudar. &c . & c .
    CALOTTE , ( F . ) Pileolum . Anatomists, some- Calcis Murias ; Muriate of Lime, Calı sa
    times , give the naine - Calotte aponévrotique- lita . Calcii Chlorure'tum seu Chloridum. This
    to the aponeurosis of the occipito -frontalismus. salt has been given , in solution, as a tonic ,
    cle , which covers it externally , and that of Ca- stimulant , & c . , in scrofulous tumours, glan
    lotte du crane to the scull cap . dular obstructions, general debility , & c. The
    Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster, Solu'tio Muria'tis Calcis, Liquor Cuicis Mu
    with which the head of a person , labouring ria'tis, Solution of Muriute of Lime, Liquid Shell,
    under tinea capitis , is sometimes covered , after is composed of muriate of lime 3j , dissolved in
    the hair has been shaved off. This plaster distilled water ziij . Dose, from gll. xxx to 3j in
    is pulled suddenly and violently off, in order to a cupful of water.
    remove the bulbs of the hair. It means, also , a Calcis SULPHURE'TUM ; Hepar Calcis, Sul
    sort of coif made of boiled leather, worn by phuret of Lime. (F.) Prolo -hydrosulfate de Cal.
    those who have undergone the operation of cium , Hydrosulfate de chaur. Principally used
    trepan , & c . in solution, as a bath , in itch and oiher cuta .
    CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana - c . neous affections.
    Arvensis , Calendula arvensis-c . Vulgaris, Ca- CALYSTEGIA SOLDANELLA , Convol
    lendula officinalis. vulus soldanella .
    CALTROPS. See Trapa natans . CAMARA , Calva .
    CALUM’BA, COLOM'BO, CALOM'BA , CAMAREZ , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    COLOM'BA, Radix Calumbe . (F.). Calumbé Camarez is a gmall canton near Silvanès, in
    ou Columbe. The root of the Menisper'mum the department of Aveyron , France, where
    palmatum, Cocculus palma'lus, indigenous in there are some acidulous chalybeates.
    India and Africa. Its odour is slightly aro- CAMARO'SIS, Camaro'ma,from xonaga ,' a
    matic ; taste unpleasantly bitter. It is tonic and vault.' Camera'tio, Testudina'tio Cranii. A
    antiseptic. Dose , gr. 10 to 3j in powder. species of fracture of the skull , in which the
    The FRASE'RA WALTE'RI, F.Carolinien'sis, fragments are placed so as to form a vault, with
    American or Murietta Columbo, is used in the its base resting on the dura mater .- Galen ,
    same cases as the true Calumba. Paulus of Ægina.
    CALUS , Callus. CAMBING . A tree of the Molucca Islands,
    CALVA , Cranium . from the bark of which a kind of gum -resin ex.
    CALVARIA , Cranium. udes , which has been highly extolled in dysen
    Calva , Calva'ria. The cranium ;—the up- tery. It appears to have some resemblance to
    per part especially ;-the Vault of the Cranium , the simarouba . - Rumphius.
    Camara . CAMBIUM , ' Exchange .' A name formerly
    CAL.VA'TA FERRAMENTA. Surgical in- given to a fancied nutritive juice, which was
    struments , which have a head or button. supposed to originate in the blood ; to repair
    CALVI'TIES, Calvi'tium , Phalacro'sis, Gla- the losses of every organ , and produce their in
    bri''ties, Ophi'asis, Depila'tió Cap'ilis, Phala- crease. -Sennertus.
    croma , Madaro'sis, &c . , from calvus, bald . '. CAMBO , MINERAL WATERS OF . A vil
    (F.) Chauveté . Absence of hair, particularly lage in the department of Basses Pyrénées,
    at the top of, and behind , the head . " Calvi'ties France , where there are two mineral springs ;
    palpebra'rum :—loss of the eye-lashes. the one an acidulous chalybeate , the other sul
    CALX , Lime, Ca'rium
    Calcium Calca'ria
    Terra, Prolox'ide of phureous. Temperature, 739 Fahrenheit.
    , pura . CAMBODIA , Cambogia .
    Caux Chlorinata, Calcis chloridum - c. Cum CAMBOʻGIA , from Cambodia, in the East
    Potassa cum calce — c. Salita , Calcis Indies , where it is obtained . Hence, also , its
    kali puro,
    murias- c . Bismuthi, Bismuth , subnitrate of. names Cambo'dia, Cambo'gium , Gambo'gia ,
    Calx Viva , Ol'idum Calcii, Call recens, Fu- Gambo'gium. It is called , also, Gutta, Gutta 1
    mans nir, Calz usta , Calx et Cala rita. Lime gamba, Gummi Gulta , Catagau'na, Cuttagar' 1
    or Quicklime. (F.) Chaur vive. The external ma, Chryso'pus, Laxati'ous Indicus, G. Bogia,
    operation of the calx viva is escharotic , but it Gummi gaman'dra, G. de Goa , G. de Jemu,
    is not used as such . Lime is a good disinfect. Ghitta jemoco, Gutta Gamandræ , Gummi ad.
    ing agent. It is employed internally in the Podagram , Camboge or Gamboge, & c . ( F. )
    form of Liquor Calcis , (q . v. ) Gomme Gutte . Ord. Guttiferæ . Camboge is
    Calx e T'estis ; lime prepared from shells. the gum of the Stalagmi'tis Cambogioides. It
    It has no advantages over that prepared from is inodorous,of an orange -yellow colour ; opake
    marble . and brittle : fracture glassy. It is a drastic ca
    CALCIS CHLO'RIDUM; Chloride ofLime, thartic , emetic ,and anthelmintic ; and is used in
    Call chlorina'ta, Protorichlor'uret of Calcium , visceral obstructions and dropsy , and wherever
    Calca'riachlorata ,Chlorum Calca'ria ,Chloré'tum powerful hydrogogue cathartics are required.
    Calca'riæ , Calcaria Chlorica , Oxychlorure'tum Dose , from gr. ij to vi in powder, united with
    Calcii, Protochlorure'tum Calcii, Chlorure'tum calomel, squill, &c .
    Oridi Calcii, Bichlorure'tum Calcis, O.x'ymu- CAMBU'CA , Cambuc'ca membra'ta . Buboes
    rias Calcis , BleachingPowder, Tennant's Pow- and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near
    der. The Chloride of Lime is a most valua- the genital organs. — Paracelsus. See Bubo.
    ble disinfecting agent, (see Disinfection,) when CAMELÉE , Cneorum tricoccuin .
    CAMERA 123 CANAUX VEINEUX.

    CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix , Vault - c . Cor- CANAL ARTÉRIEL, Arterial duct - c. de


    dis , Pericardium . Bartholin, Ductus Bartholinus — c. Bullular , of
    CAMERATIO , Camarosis. Petit, Godronné canalớc. Carotidien , Carotid
    CAMINGA , Canella alba . canal-c. Cholédoque, Choledoch duct - c. Gou
    CAMISIA FETUS, Chorion . dronné, Godronné , canal - c. Hépatique , Hepatic
    CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait. duct - c. Infra -orbitar, Suborbitar canal - c. In
    CAMMARUS, Crab . flere de l'os temporal, Carotid canal — c . Inter
    CAMOMILLE FÉTIDE , Anthemis cotula- médiaire des ventricules, Aquæductus Sylvii-c.
    c . Romaine, Anthemis nobilis - c. des Teintu- de Petit, Godronné canal-c . Rachidian, Ver
    riers, Anthemis tinctoria-c . Vulgaire, Matri- tebral canal.
    caria chanjomilla, CANAL, Intes'TinAL . Cana'lis or Ductus in
    CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. C. is a can- testina'lis. The portion of the digestive canal , .
    ton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are formed by the intestines.
    springs containing carbonate of lime, sulphur, CANAL of ScHLEMM . A minute circular ca
    muriate of soda, &c . They are purgative, and nal , discovered by Professor Schlemm , of Ber
    used in skin complaints. lin . It is situate at the point of union of the
    CAMPAN'ULÀ . Diminutive of Campa'na. cornea and sclerotica.
    A bell.
    Canal SPINAL , Vertebral canal- c . Spiroïdc
    The CAMPANULA TRACHE’LIUM, Canterbury de l'os temporal, Aquæductus Fallopii—c. de
    Bell or Throatwort, was formerly used in de- Stenon ,Ductus salivalis superior - c Thoracique,
    coction , in relaxation of the fauces . It is, also, Thoracic duct - c. Veineux , Canal , venous-c.
    called Cerrica'ria . Vulvo-uterine, Vagina-c . de Warthon , Ductus
    CAMPE , Flexion . salivalis inferior.
    CAMPHIRE , Camphor. CANAL , VENOUS , Cana'lis or Ductus vend'sus,
    CAMPHOR,from Arab ,Kaphur or Kam'phur, (F. Canal veineux. A canal , which exists only
    Cam'phora, Cam'phura , Caſa, Caf, Cafar, in the fætus. It extends from the bifurcation
    Capl'ora, Altafor, Camphire, Camphor , & c.(F.) of the umbilical vein to the vena cava infe .
    Cumphre. A concrete substance, prepared, by rior, into which it opens, below the diaphragm .
    distillation , from the Laurus Cam'phora , an in- At times, it ends in one of the infrahepatic
    digenous tree of the East Indies. Order , Lau. veins . It pours into the cava a part of the
    rineæ . Its odour is strong and fragrant: it is blood, which passes from the placenta by the
    volatile , not easily pulverizable ; texture crys- umbilical vein. After birth , it becomes a fibro
    talline. Soluble in alcohol, ether, oils, vinegar ; cellular cord .
    and slightly so in water. Its properties are nar- CANALES CIRCULARES, Semicircular
    cotic, diaphoretic , and sedative. Dose , gr. v to canals- c. Lachrymales, Lachrymal ducts — c.
    Dj. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it is applied ex- Membranei renum , see Calix - c . T'ubæformes ,
    ternally in rheumatic pains, bruises, sprains,& c. Semicircular canals.
    CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA SEU MON . CANALICULATUS , Cannelé , Grooved .
    SPELIENSIUM , Camphorosma monspeliaca. CANALICULI LACHRYMALES , Lachry
    CAMPHORATED, Camphora'tus, (F.) mal ducts—c. Limacum , Lachrymal ducts - c.
    Camphré. Relating to camphor ; containing Semicirculares, Semicircular canals.
    camphor ; as a camphorated smell, a campho- CANALIS ARTERIOSUS , Arterial duct
    rated drought. c. Canaliculatus, Gorget-c . Caroticus , Carotid
    CAMPHOROSMA MONSPELIACA. Se- canal- c. Lacrymalis,Lachrymalor nasal duct
    la'go, Camphora'ta hirsu'ta seu Monspelien'siuni, -c. Medius, Aquæductus Sylvii - c. Nerveus
    Hairy Camphoros'ma, (F.) Camphrée de Mont- fistulosus renum , Ureter - c. Orbitæ nasalis,
    pellier. Family, Atripliceæ. Ser. Syst. Te- Lachrymal or nasal duct-c. Petitianus , Go
    trandria Monogynia. This plant, as its name dronne canal- c. Sacci lacrymalis , Lachrymal
    imports Compers, odour,') has an odour of cam- or nasal duct-c . Scalarum communis, Infundi
    phor. It is regarded as diuretic , diaphoretic, bulum of the cochlea - c. Urinarius, Úrethra
    cephalic , antispasmodic, &c. It is also called c. Vidianus, Pterygoid canal.
    Chamepeuce and Stinking Ground Pine. CANALS, NUTRITIVE, or for the Nutrition
    CAMPHRE , Camphor. of Bones, Ductus nutri'tii, (F.) Canaux nourri
    CAMPHRE , Camphorated. ciers ou de Nutrition des os.-Conduits nourri
    CAMPHREE DĖ MONTPELLIER, Cam- ciers ou nutriciers. The canals, through which
    phorosma monspeliaca. the vessels pass to the bones. They arelined by
    CAMPSIS , zaws, Flex'io,Curva'tio , Inflex'- a very fine lamina of compact texture, or are
    io. Bone or cartilage, forcibly bent from its formed in the texture itself. There is, gene
    proper shape, without breaking ---Good. rally , one large nutritious canal in a long bone ,
    CAMPSIS DEPRESSIO , Depression . situate towards its middle .
    CAMPYLOTIS , Cataclasis . CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous — c. Demi
    CAMPYLUM , Cataclasis. circulaires, Semicircular canals — c.Éjaculateurs,
    CAMUS ( F.) Simus, Resi'mus. One who Ejaculatory ducts - c. Nourriciers, Canals, nu
    has a short nose . The
    French speak of a Nez tritive-c.de Nutrition des os,Canals, nutritive.
    camus , a short nose . CANAUX DE TRANSMISSION . Accord
    CANAL , Cana'lis , Ductus, Meatus, Poros, ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give
    Och'etus, (F.) Conduit. A channel,for affording passage to vessels and nerves going to parts
    passage to liquids or solids or to certain organs. more or less distant;as the Cana'lis caroticus,& c.
    CANAL , ALIMEX'TARY or Digestive. Cand'lis CANAUX VEINEUX . Venous Canals. The
    ciba'rius vel digestirus, Diges'tive Tube, Alimen- canals, which convey venous blood, situate in
    tary Duct or Tube , Ductus ciba'rius. The canal , the diploë.
    extending from the mouth to the anus . CANAPACIA , Artemisia vulgaris,
    CANAPACIA 124 CANICÆ

    CANCAMY , Anime. Conium maculatum-c. de Galien , Cancer Ga


    CAN'CAMUM . A mixture of several gums leni .
    and resins, exported from Africa, where it is CANCER GALE'NI, (F. ) Cancer de Galien . A
    used to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the
    the name zaynapor , the tears from an Arabian name Cancer, from its eight heads resembling,
    tree, which are similar to myrrh, and of a disa- rudely , the claws of the crab. It is now sup
    greeable taste . He advises it in numerous dis- plied by the bandage with six chefs or heads,
    eases . This name is given, also, to the Anime. which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of
    (q . v.). the Poor .
    CANCEL'LI . Lattice-work . The Cellular Cancer LUPUS , Lupus — c . Mollis, see En
    or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu cellu- cephaloid — c. Munditorum , Cancer, chimney
    leur'; consisting of numerous cells, communi- sweepers'— c. Oris, Stomacace--c. Ossis , Spi
    cating with each other. They contain a fatty na ventosa—c . Purgatoris infumiculi , Cancer,
    matter, analogous to marrow, This texture is chimney -sweepers' - c . Scroti, Cancer, chim
    met with, principally , at the extremities of long ney -sweepers' — c. Soft, Hæmatodes fungus
    bones ; and some of the short bones consist al. c . Uteri, Metro-carcinoma.
    most wholly of it. It allows of the expansion CANCÉREUX, Cancerous.
    of the extremities of bones , without adding to CANCER -ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana ,
    their weight ; and deadens concussions. Phytolacca decandra.
    CANCEL'LUS , from cancer, ' a crab.' A CAN'CEROUS , Cancro'sus, (F.) Cancéreur.
    species of crayfish , called the Wrong Heir, and Relating to cancer. Thus ,we say, Cancerous
    Bernard the Hermit ; which is said to cure rku- ulcer, Cancerous Diathesis, &c.
    matism ,if rubbed on the part. CANCHALAGUA, Cachen laguen , Cachin
    CANCER, xapxivos, Carcinos, Lupus cancro'- lagua, Chance lagua, Erythra'a Chilen'sis. A
    sus, Ulcus cancro'sum , ' a crah.'' (q. v .) A dis- bitter Chili plant, which is considered aperient,
    ease, so called, either on account of the hideous sudorific , stomachic , vermifuge, and febrifuge .
    appearance, which the ulcerated cancer pre- CANCRENA , Gangrene .
    sents ; or on account of the great veins, which CANCROID , Cancroïdeus, from cancer and
    surround it ; and which the ancients compared Eldoç , ' form .' That which assumes a cancerous
    to the claws of thecrab. Called also Carcino'ma. appearance. A name given to certain cutane .
    It consists of a scirrhous , livid tumour , inter- ous cancers by Alibert, called also Cheloid or
    sected by firm , whitish , divergent bands; and Keloid (zeius, ' a tortoise,' and aidos, ' likeness ,').
    occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The from their presenting a flattish raised patch of
    pains are acute and lancinating, and often ex. integument, resembling the shell of a tortoise.
    tend to other parts. The tumour, ultimately , CANCRORUM CHELÆ , Oculi vel Lap'
    terminates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer. It is ides Cancro'rum , Lapil'li cancro'rum , Concre
    distinguished, according to its stages, into oc- men'ta As'taci fluviat'ilis, Crab's slones or eyes,
    cult and open ; the former being the scirrhous, ( F.) Yeur d'écrevise. These are concretions,
    the latter the ulcerated condition. At times, found, particularly, in the Cancer As'tacus or
    there is a simple destruction or erosion of the Crayfish . They consist of carbonate and phos
    organs, and, at others ,an encephaloid or cerebri- phate of lime ; and possess antacid virtues,
    form degeneration. The use of irritants, in but not more so than chalk .
    cancerous affections, is strongly to be depre- CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancreuse .
    cated . When the disease is so situate , that ex- CANCRUM ORIS , Cancer aquaticus, Sto
    cision can be practised, the sooner it is removed macace .
    the better . CANDELA FUMALIS , Pastil-c . Medicata ,
    CANCER AQUAT'icus, Gangrenous stomatitis, Bougie - c. Regia, Verbascum nigrum .
    Cancrum Oris, Canker of the mouth. Called , CANDELARIA , Verbascum nigrum.
    also, Aphthæ serpen'tes, Gangræna Oris, Noma, CANDI , Candum, Canthum , Cantion ; "white ,
    Nomæ, Stomac'acē gangra'nosum , &-c.(F. ) Can- bleached , purified.' Purified and crystallized
    cer aquatique. Certain sloughing or gangrenous sugar. See Saccharum .
    ulcers of the mouth, so called, perhaps, because CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi .
    they are often accompanied with an afflux of CANE , SUGAR. See Saccharum .
    saliva . The disease is not uncommon in chil . CANELE, Grooved .
    dren's asylums, and demands the same treat- CANELLA CUBANA , Laurus cassia.
    ment as hospital gangrene - the employment of CANEL'LA ALBA, Cortex Wintera'nus spu'rius,
    caustics , and internal and external antiseptics. Canella Cubana, C. Wintera'nia, Cinnamomum
    CANCER AQUATIQUE . Cancer aquati- album , Cortez Antiscorbu'ticus, C. Aromaticus,
    cus, Stomacace - c. Astacus, see Cancrorum Costus cortico'sus, Camin'ga , Canella of Lin
    chela - c .Caminariorum , Cancer, chimney neus . Canella Bark , ( F.) Canelle ou Cannelle
    sweeper's -c. Cérébriforme, see Encephaloid. blanche , Fausse Écorce de Winter, Écorce Cario
    CANCER, CHIMNEY -SWEEPERS' , Sootuart, Can- costine. Fam. Magnoliaceæ . Ser. Syst. Dode
    cer mundito'rum , Cancer purgatoris infumiculi, candria Monogynia. This bark is a pungent
    Cancer scroti, Cancer caminario'rum , Oschocarci- aromatic. Its virtues are partly extracted by
    noma, (F.) Cancer des Ramoneurs. This affec- water ; entirely by alcohol. It is a stimulant,
    tion begins with a superficial, painful, irregular and is added to bitters and cathartics.
    ulcer, with hard and elevated edges, occupying , CANELLA CaryorHYLLATA , Myrtus caryo
    the lower part of the scrotum. Extirpation of phyllata — c. Malabarica et Javensis, Laurus
    the part affected is the only means of effecting cassia —c.Zeylanica, Laurus cinnamomum .
    a cure . CANELLIFERA MALABARICA , Laurus
    CANCER , Davidson's REMEDY FOR , sed cassia .
    CANEPIN 125 CAOUTCHOUC
    CANEPIN . ( F .) A fine lamb's skin or goat's CANNAMELLE . See Saccharum .
    skin, used for trying the quality of lancets. CANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus
    CÁNICACEOUS, Furfuraceous. c. Congo , Costus - c. de Rivière, Costus- c. à
    CAN’ICÆ . Meal , in which there is much Sucre, see Saccharum .
    bran. Also, coarse bread , or bread in which CANNEBERGE , Vaccinium oxycoccos - c.
    there is much bran . Panis Canica'ceus. Ponctuée , Vaccinium vitis idea.
    CANICIDA, Aconitum . CANNELÉ or CANELÉ ( F.) , from cana'lis,
    CANICULA ; the Dogstar, from canis , ' a ' a canal. Sulca'tus, Stria'tus, Canalicula'tus.
    dog ;. Extolos, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star, Having a canal or groove - as, Muscle cannelé
    which gives its name to the Dogdays, because ( Lieutaud ,) the Gemini; Corps cannelés ou
    they commence when the sun rises with it,was striés (Corpora striata :) Sonde cannelée, a
    formerly believed to exert a powerful influence grooved sound, & c. See Grooved .
    on the animal economy. The Dog.days occur CANNELLE , Laurus cinnamomum c.
    at a period of the year when there is generally Blanche , Canella alba—c. de la Chine, Laurus
    great and oppressive heat, and a certain degree cassia - c. de Coromandel, Laurus cassia - c.
    of liability to disease. Fausse, Laurus cassia - c. Giroflée, Myrtus ca
    CANIF , Knife. ryophyllata — c. des Indes, Laurus cassia -- c. de
    CANIN , Canine. Java, Laurus cassia - c. de Malabar, Lauras
    CANINANÆ RADIX , Caincæ radix. cassia— . Matte, Laurus cassia - c. Officinale,
    CANINE, Caninus, Cyn'icus, xvvixos , from Laurus cinnamomum-c. Poiorée, see Wintera
    canis, ' a dog,' (F.) Canin. That which has a aromatica.
    resemblance to the structure , &c . of a dog. CANNULA , Canula.
    CANINE TEETı , Dentes Canini, Cynodon'tes, CANOPUM. See Sambucus .
    D. Lania'rii, D.angula'res ,cuspida'ti, columella'- CANTABRICA , Convolvulus cantabrica .
    res, ocula'res ,morden'tes, Eye Teeth, ( F. ) Dents CANTABRUNO , Furfur.
    canines, laniaires, angulaires, oculaires, aillères, CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabæus.
    ou conoides. The teeth between the lateral in CANTATIO, Charm .
    cisors and small molares of each jaw ; - so CANTERBURY, WATERS OF. Aqua Can
    named because they resemble the teeth of the tuarien'ses. The waters of Canterbury in Kent,
    dog. England , are impregnated with iron , sulphur,
    CANINE Fossa, Fossa Canina, (F.) Fosse Ca- and carbonic acid .
    nine. A small depression on the superior max CANTERIUM , Cantherius .
    illary bone, above the dens caninus, which gives CANTHARIDÉ TACHETÉE, Lytta vittala .
    attachment to the caninus or levator anguli oris CANTHARIDINE. See Cantharis.
    muscle. CAN'THARIS , from xavfapos, “ a scaraba '.
    Canine Laugh , or Sardon'ic laugh, Risus Ca- us . Musca Hispan'ica, Meloe vesicato'rius,
    ni'nus, Risus Sardon'icus, Sardi'asis, Sardoni - Cantharis vesicato'ria , Lytta vesicato'ria. The
    asis, (F.) Ris canin, sardonique, moqueur. A Blistering Fly, Spanish Fly, (F. ) Cantharides,
    sort oflaugh, produced particularly by the spas- Mouches, M.d'Espagne. This fly is much em
    modic contraction of the Caninus muscle. Pro- ployed in medicine. It is the most common
    bably, this expression , as well as Cynic spasm , vesicatory: Given internally, and even when
    Cani'nus spasmus, may have originated in the absorbed from the skin , it affects the urinary
    resemblance of the affection to certain move organs , exciting strangury. This may be pre
    ments in the upper lip of the dog . vented , in cases of blisters, by interposing be
    CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — c. Sentis, tween the blistering plaster and skin a piece of
    Rosa canina. tissue paper. Diluents will relieve the stran
    CANIRAM , Strychnos nux vomica . gury , Dose, half a grain to one grain. If kept
    CANIRUBÚS, Rosa canina. dry, the flies will retain their activity for many
    CANIS INTERFECTOR , Veratrum saba- years.
    billa — c. Ponticus, Castor fiber. Their active principle has been separated
    CANI'TIES, from canus ,' white . ' Whiteness from them - Cantharidine, Cantharidi'na.
    or grayness of the hair , and especially of that of CANTHARIS Vittata, Lytta vittata .
    the head , ( f .) Canitie. When occurring in CANTHE'RIUS , Cante'rium . The cross
    consequence of old age it is not a disease. piece of wood in the apparatus, used by Hip
    Sometimes, it happens suddenly, and apparently pocrates, for reducing luxations of the hume
    in consequence of severe mental emotions. The rus.
    causes, however, are not clear. CANTHI'TIS . Inflammation of the Can
    CANKER, Stomacace - c. of the mouth , Can- thus of the eye.
    cer aquaticus . CANTHUM , Candi.
    CANNA , Cassia fistula , Trachea - c. Brachii, CANTHUS, zar905, Epican'this, Angulus
    Ulna - c. Domestica cruris , Tibia - c. Fistula, oculd ris ; the corner or angle of the eye. The
    Cassia fistula - c. Indica, Sagittarium alexiphar- greater canthus is the inner angle, Hir'quus,
    macum-c. Major, Tibia - c. Minor, Fibula, Rhanter ; the lesser canthus, the outer angle,
    Radius — c. Solutiva, Cassia fistula. Paro'pia ,Pega.
    CANNABIS INDICA , Bangue . CANTIA NUS PULVIS . A cordial pow
    CAN'NABIS Sativa , ( F.) Chanore , Chambrie. der, known under the name · Countess of Kent's
    The seed of this - Hempseed,Sem'ina Can'nabis, powder,' composed of coral, amber, crabs' eyes,
    ( F.) Chenevis, are oily and mucilaginous. The prepared pearls, & c. It was given in cancer.
    decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhea. CANTION, Candi.
    CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Cur- CANULA or CAN'NULA , Au'liscos, Aulos.
    cuma lov ga.
    CAPA - ISIAKKA 126 CAPSICUM ANNUUM

    Diminutive of Canna, ' a reed ;' Tu'bulus, (F.) I CAPILLITIUM ,Capillamentum ,Entropion ,
    Canule ou Cannule. " A small tube, of gold, Scalp .
    silver, platina, iron , lead , wood , elastic gum , CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM , Alopecia .
    & c . , used for various purposes in surgery: CAPIPLE'NIUM , from caput, the head,'
    CAOUTCHOUC, Indian Rubber , Elus'tic and plenum , ' full.' A word , employed with
    Gum , Cauchuc, Resi'na elas't ca , Cayenne Re- different significations. A variety of catarrh.
    sin , Cautchuc. A substance formed from the Schneider . A heaviness or disorder in the
    milky juice of the Harea Guianen'sis, Jaťro- head common at Rome , like the xan Pupia , Ca
    pha elas'tica , Ficus Indica, and Artocarpus in- rebaria , of theGreeks.-- Baglivi.
    tegrifo'lia : -- South American trees . It is in . CAPISTRATIO , Phimosis.
    soluble in water and alcohol; but boiling wa- CAPISTRUM , Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus
    ter softens and swells it . It is soluble in the -c. Auri, Borax.
    essential oils and in ether, when it may be Caris'tRUM, Phimos , Cemos, ruos, ' a hal .

    blown into bladders. It is used in the fabrica- ter.' This name has been given to several
    tion of catheters , bougies, pessaries, &c. bandages for the head.-See Capeline , Che
    CAPA - ISIAKKA , Bromelia ananas. vestre .
    CAPBERN , WATERS OF . C. is in the CAPITALIA REMEDIA ,Cephalic remedies.
    department Hautes-Pyrénées, France. The CAPITALIS , Cephalic .
    waters contain sulphates, and carbonates of CAPITELLIUM , Alembic.
    Jime and magnesia , and muriate of magnesia. CAPITELLUM . See Caput.
    Temperature, 75° Fahrenheit. They are pur- CAPITEUX, Heady .
    gative. CAPITONES , from caput, ' the head .' Fe.
    CAPELET, Myrtus caryophyllata. tuses whose heads are so large as to render
    CAPELINE ( F. ) A Woman's Hat,' in labour difficult.
    French ; Capis'trum , from caput, 'head . A CAPITILU'VIUM , from caput, ' the head ,'
    sort of bandage, which , in shape, resembles a and larare, to ' wash.' A bath for the head .
    riding-hood . There are several kinds of Cape- CAPITULUM , Alembic, Condyle, see Ca.
    lines. 1. That of the head, C. de la têtc. See put,-c.Martis, Eryngium campestre - c. San
    Bonnet d'Hippocrate. C. of the claricle, em- torini, Corniculum laryngis.
    ployed in fractures of the acromion , clavicle CAPITULUVIUM , Bath , (hcad .)
    and spine of the scapula . C. of an amputated CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
    limb~ the bandage applied round the stump. CAPNITIS , Tutia .
    CAPER BUSH , Capparis spinosa. CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbcsa .
    CAPERS . See Capparis spinosa. CAI'NOS, Fumaria .
    CAPETUS, Imperforation . CAPON , Cagot.
    CAPHORA , Camphor. CAPOT, Cagot .
    CAPILLAIRE, Capillary, see Adianthum CAP’PARIS SPINO'SA , Cap'paris , Cuppar,
    capillus veneris -- c. du Canada, Adianthum Ca'pria , The Prickly Caper Bush, (F.) Ca
    pedatum -- c. de Montpellier, Adianthum capil . prier. Family, Capparidem. Scr . Syst. Poly:
    lus veneris. andria Monogynia . The bark of the root and
    CAPILLAMEN’TUM , from Capillus, ' a the buds have been esteemed astringent and
    hair. ' Capilli''tium , Tricho'ma, Trichomation. diuretic. The buds are a well known pickle :
    Any villous or hairy covering. Also a small Engl. Capers, (F.) Câpres. 1
    fibre, fibril. Bailukka
    Capparis BADUC'CA, . A species
    CAP'ILLARY, Capille'ris, Capilla'ceus, from of caper, cultivated in India, on account of the
    capillus, ' a hair,' ( ) Capillaire. Hair-like; beauty of its flowers. The Orientals make a
    small. liniment with its juice, with which they rub
    The Cap'ıllarY VESSELS, (F.) Vaisseaux pained parts . The flowers are purgative.
    capillaires, are the extreme radicles of the arte . CAPPONE, WATERS OF . At Cappone,
    ries and veins , with perhaps a spongy tissue or in the isle of Ischia, are waters containing
    parenchyma between the two. These, together , carbonate and muriate of soda, and carbonate
    constitute the Capillary or intermediate system of lime. Temp. 1000.Fah. capreolus, ' a ten
    In this system , all the secretions are performed , CAPREOLA'RIS , from
    and animal heat probably elicited. They pos- dril, Cissoides, Elicoïdes, (F.) Capréoluire,
    sess an action distinct from that of the heart, Twisted .
    and are the seat of febrile and inflammatory VASA CAPREOLARIA. Some have thus call
    diseases. ed the spermatic arteries and veins , on account
    CAPILLATIO , Trichismus. of their numerous contortions.
    CAPIL’LUS, Coma, Chate, Crinis, Pilus, CAPREOLUS, Helis .
    Thriz, Cæsu'ries, (F.) Chercu. This term is CÁPRES. See Capparis spinosa .
    generally applied to the hair of the head : the CAPRIA , Capparis spinosa .
    characters of which vary , according to races , CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum .
    individuals, & c . Hairs arise in the cellular CAPRIER, Capparis spinosi.
    membrane, where the bulb is placed : and are CAPRIFOLIA , Lonicera periclymenum .
    composed of iwo parts-one, external, tubular , CAPRIZANS, 80gzudison . That which leaps
    and transparent, of an epidermoid character; like a goat. An epithet vised by Herophilus
    the other , internal and sui gencris, which com- for the pulse when irregular and unequal.
    municates to them their colour. The hair is CAPSA, Boile, Capsule, Casc - c. Cordis, Pe
    insensible, and grows from the root. ricardium .
    CAPILLUS CANADENSIS , Adianthum peda- CAPSICUM AN'NUUM , from zato , ' I
    tum bite .' The systematic name of the plant whence
    CAPSICUM HISPANICUM 127 CARA SCHULLI

    Cayenne Pepper is obtained . Piper In'dicum , anatomists apply this name to the vesiculæ
    Sola'num urens, Siliquus'trum Plinii, Piper themselves.
    Brazilia'num ,Piper Guineen'së, Piper Calecu'- CAPSULES, Synovial, Capsule Synovia'les.
    ticum , Piper Tur'cicum , C. Hispan'icum , Piper Membranous bags, surrounding all the movable
    Lusitan'icum , Cayenne Pepper, Guin'ea Pepper, articulations and canals, which give passage
    (F.) Piment, Capsique , Poivre d'Inde, Poirre to tendons. They exhale, from their articular
    de Guinée , Corail des Jardins. The pungent,surface , a fluid , whose function is to favour the
    aromatic properties of the Baccæ Cap'sici, Cap . motions of parts upon each other . See Bursa
    sicum Berries, are yielded to ether, alcohol, Mucosa, and Synovia .
    and water. They are highly stimulant and CAPSULES SURRÉNALES OU ATRIBI
    rubefacient, and are used as a condiment. LIARES, Capsules, renal.
    Their active principle is alcaloid , and is called CAPSULITIS. See Phacitis .
    Capsicine. CAPUCHON , Trapezius.
    CAPSICUM HISPANICUM, Capsicum annuum . CAPUCINE, Tropæolum majus.
    CAPSIQUE, Capsicum annuum . CAPUT, the head ,' ( q . v .) Also the top
    CAPSITIS, Phacitis. of a bone or other part, (F.) Tête. The head
    CAPSULA , Boîtier - c. Articularis, Capsular of the small bones is someliines termed ca
    ligament-c . Cordis, Pericardium - c. Nervo- pitulum
    rum , Neurilema. lum .
    , capitell'um , cephalid'ium , and cepluil'.
    CAPSULÆ SEMINALES, Vesiculæ s. Caput ASPERÆ ARTERIÆ , Larynx .
    CAPSULAIRE, Capsular. Caput GALLINAG " INIS, Verumontu 'num , ( F. )
    CAP'SULAR. Relating to a capsula or Crête urélrale. A projection, situate in the
    capsule , Capsula'ris, ( F. ) Capsulaire. prostate, before the neck of the bladder. It is
    CAPSULAR LIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum capsu- like the head of a woodcock in miniature , and,
    la'rē, Cap'sula articula'ris, Artic'ular capsule, around it, open the seminal ducts and the ducts
    Fibrous capsule , & c.( F.) Ligament capsulaire, of the prostate.
    Capsule articulaire, Capsule fibreux , &c . Mem- Caput Monachi, Leontodon Taraxacum - c .
    branous, fibrous, and elastic bags or capsules, Obstipum , Torticollis.
    of a whitish consistence, thick ,and resisting, Caput PURGIA . Remedies, which the an
    which surround joints. cients regarded as proper for purging the
    Capsular or SUPRARENAL. ARTERIES AND head :-crrhines, sternutatories, apophlegmati
    VEins . Vessels, belonging to the suprarenal santia , & c.
    capsules. They are divided into superior , Caput SCAPULÆ , Acromion .
    middle, and inferior. The first proceed from Caput SUCCEDA'NEUM . A term sometimes
    the inferior phrenic, the second from the aorta used for the tumefied scalp, which first pre
    itself, and the third from the renal artery . sents in certain cases of labour.
    The corresponding veins enter the phrenic , Caput Testis , Epididymnis.
    vena cava , and renal. CAQUE-SANGUE ou CAGUE -SANGUE.
    CAPSULE , Cap'sula, Capsa, a box, (F.) Old French words,which signify Bloody cva
    Capsule. This name has been given , by the cuations, (F.) Déjections sanguinolentes. They
    Anatomists, to parts bearing no analogy to come from cacare, ' to go to stool,' and sanguis,
    each other . blood .' Under this term was comprehended
    CapsulE OF THEHEART, Capsula cordis, the every affection , in which blood is discharged
    Pericardium, (q . v .) from the bowels.
    CAPSULE, Fibrous, Capsular ligament. CARABAC'CIUM . An aromatic wood of
    Capsules, Gelatinous, Capsule gelatine, India, of a yellowish colour,and a siell like
    Capsules of gelatine . A recent invention by that of the clove . Its decoction and infusion
    which copaiba and other disagreeable oils can be are given as stomachic and antiscorbutic.
    enveloped in gelatine so as to concealtheir taste , CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous in
    CAPSULE OF Glisson, Cup'sula GlissO'NII, sects. Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and
    C. commu'nis Glisso'nin, Vagina Porta , V. ferrugin'eus, have been recommended for the
    Glisso'Nil . A sort of membrane, described toothache. They must be pressed between the
    by Glisson , which is nothing more than dense fingers , and then rubbed on the gum and tooth
    cellular membrane surrounding the vena porta affected.
    and its ramifications in the liver . CARACTÈRE, Character.
    CAPSULES , RENAL or SUPRARE'NAL or ATRA- CARAGNA , Caranna.
    BIL'IARY, Renal Glands, Glan'dulæ suprarena'- CARAMATA , Arumari. A tree in the in
    les, Capsula rena'les, suprarena'les vel atrabi- land parts of Pomeroon , which furnishes a
    lia'res, Rencs succenturie'ti, (F.) Capsules sur- febrifuge bark, which Dr. Hancock says may be
    rénales ou atrabiliaires. Two flat, triangular used in typhoid and remittent fevers in which
    bodies, which cover the upper part of the kid. the cinchona is either useless or pernicious.
    neys, as with a helmet. A hollow cavity in CARAMBOLO , Averrhoa carambola.
    their interior contains a brown , reddish or yel- CARAN'NA , Caragna, Tacamuhaca Ca
    lowish fluid . They were long supposed to be ragna, Caran'na Gum'mi, G. Breli'sis, ( F. )
    the secretory organs of the fancied atrabilis . Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou Carane. A gum
    They are much larger in the fætus than in the resinous substance , obtained froin South Ame
    adult. Their uses are not known . rica in impure masses, which flows from a
    CAPSULE, SEM'INAL, Capsula semina'lis. large tree in New Spain . It preserves its soft
    BARTHOLINE thus designates the extremity of ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell,
    the vas deferens, which is sensibly dilated in and a slightly acrid and bitter taste. It was
    the vicinity of the vesiculæ seminales. Some formerly used as a vulnerary and in plasters .
    CARA SCAULLI 128 CARDIA

    CARA SCHULLI, Frutex Ind'icus spino'sus, odour, and a taste which is cooling at first, but
    Barléria buxifolia. A Malabar plant, which, afterwards acrid and somewhat aromatic, is a
    when applied externally, is maturative and re- diffusible excitant. It is diaphoretic, diuretic ,
    solvent. The decoction of its root is used, in and has been said to have proved emmena
    the country , in ischuria. gogue . It is also used in nervous diseases as
    CARAWAY , Carum . an antispasmodic. Dose , one drop to four, re
    CAR'BASUS, Linteum Carptum , Carpia , peated frequently.
    Motos, Linarnen'tum , from xaogos , ' a filament, It is used externally , where a cooling influ
    or from car'pere , ' to card . ' Celsus. Charpie, ence has to be rapidly exerted .
    Lint. The filaments, obtained by unravelling CARBUNCLE, Anthrax-c. Fungous, Ter
    old linen cut into small pieces ; or by scraping it minthus - c. of the Tongue, Glossanthrax - c.
    with a knife. The former is termed Charpie Berry , Terminthus.
    brute, the latter Charpie rapée. Charpie is ap- CARBUNCLED Face, Gutta rosea.
    plied to many useful purposes in Surgery . Of CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM ,Anthracia .
    it are formed compresses, tents, & c. CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax - c. Anginosus,
    CARBO , Carbo Ligni, Charcoal, (F.) Char: Cynanche maligna.
    bon . Fresh charcoal is antiseptic. It is used CARBUN'CULUS Rubi'nus. A red, shining,
    to improve the digestive organs in cases of and transparent stone , from the Isle of Ceylon ;
    worms , dyspepsia, &c. , as a cataplasm to gan- formerly employed in medicine as a preserva.
    grenous and fetid ulcers, linea, &c . , and forms tive against several poisons, the plague, & c .
    a good tooth -powder. Dose , gr. x to zj. Also , CARBUNCULUS Ulcusculosa , Cynanche ma
    Anthrax , (q . v .) ligna.
    CARBO ANIMAʼLis, Carbo carnis, Animal char- CAR'CAROS , from Xanxalqm , I resound,'
    coal, ( F. ) Charbon animal. It is given in the I tremble.' A fever , in which the patient has
    same cases as the Carbo Ligni, and has been a general tremor, accompanied with an unceas
    extolled in cancer. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij. ing noise in the ears .
    CARBON HUMA'num . The human excrement. CARCINODES , Carcinomatous, Chancreuse.
    -Paracelsus. CARCINOMA, from xaoxiros, a crab.'
    Carbo, Mineralis, Graphites — c. Palpebra. Some authors have called thus, indolent tu.
    rum , Anthracosis . mours different from cancer ; others, incipient
    CAR'BONAS OR CARBOʻNAS. A car'bo- cancer ; and others , again , the species of can
    nate, (F.) Carbonate. A salt , formed by the com- cer in which the affected structure assumes the
    bination of carbonic acid with a salifiable base . appearance of cerebral substance ; whilst the
    The carbonates are either full, or with an excess majority of authors
    r.
    use Carcinoma in the same
    of base - i. e . Subcarbonates. sense as Cance
    CARBONAS NATRICUM , Sodæ carbonas. CARCINOMA HÆMATODES , Hæmatodes fungus
    CARBONÉ, Carbonated. -c . Melanoticum , Melanosis-c . Spongiosum ,
    CARBONATE D'AMMONIAQUE , Ammo- Hæmatodes fungus.
    niæ carbonas. CARCINOM'ATOUS, Carcino'des, Carci
    CARBONATED, Carbona'tus, Aëra'tus,( F ) noï'des. Relating to cancer.
    Carboné, Aéré. That which is impregnated with CARCINOME SANGLANTE, Hæmatodes
    carbonic acid .
    fungus.
    CARBONIC ACID , Acidum Carbon'icum , CARCINOS , Cancer .
    Solid Air of Hales , Factitious Air, Fired Air , CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis,
    Carbona'ceous Acid, Calca'reous Acid , Aerial Lepidium Iberis.
    Acid , Mephitic Acid, (F.) Acide Carbonique. CARDAMINDUM MINUS, Tropæolum
    This gas, which neither supports respiration majus.
    nor combustion , is not often used in Medicine. ČARDAMI'NE PRATEN'SIS , Cardami'nē,
    It is the refreshing ingredient in effervescent Cardaman'tica , Nastur'tium Aquat'icum , Car .
    draughts, poultices, & c. It is often found occu- damon, Culi flos, Ibe'ris sophia ,Nastur'tium
    pying the lower parts of mines (when it is praten'së, Ladies-smock, Cuckoo flower. Ord.
    called the choke damp,) caverns, tombs, wells, Cruciferæ . ( F.) Cresson élégant , Cresson des
    brewers’ vats, & c., and not unfrequently has près, Passeragé sauvage. The flowers have
    been the cause of death. Lime thrown into been considered usefuľ as antispasmodics, in
    such places soon absorbs the acid . the dose of 3j to zij . They are probably inert.
    CARBOʻNIS SESQUI- IODIDUM , C. Sesqui- CARDAMINE Fontana, Sisymbrium nastur
    Iodure'tum , Sesqui- Iodide or Sesqui- loduret of tium .
    Carbon . This is made by mixing concentrated CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amomum carda
    alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until momum .
    the former loses its colour ; a solution is ob- CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamomum - C .
    tained from which water throws down a yellow de la Côle de Malabar, Amomum cardamomum .
    precipitate - the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has CARDAMOMUM MAJUS, Amomum grana
    been used in enlarged glands and in some cuta paradisi - c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum
    neous affections, applied externally , (35s , to 3vj c . Piperatum , Amomum grana paradisi .
    of cerate . ) CARDAMON , Cardamine pratensis.
    Carlo'nis SULPHURE'TUM , Sulphure'tum Car- CARDÈRE , Dipsacus sylvestris - c. Cultité,
    bo'nii, Carhrineum Sulphurd'tum , Alcohol Suł- Dipsacus fullonum .
    phuris, Bisulphurd tum Carbo'nii, Sulphuret of CARDIA , xandia , the heart, Stom'achus,
    Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, ( F. ) Sulfure de Orificium sinistrum ventric'uli. The superior
    Carbon . This transparent, colourless fluid , or esophageal orifice of the stomach . Also , the
    which has a very penetrating, disagreeable ' Heart, ( q.v.)
    CARDIAC 129 CARIACOU

    first, but CAR'DIAC, Cardiacus, from xapda, the CARDINAL FLOWER, BLUE, Lobelia
    atic. 11 heart ;' or the upperorifice of the stomach, (F. ) syphilitica .
    dientes Cardiaque. Relating to the heart or to the CARDINAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gom
    13 upper orifice of the stomach. phosis.
    The Cardiac or CoR'ONARY AR'TERIES , (F.) CARDIOBOTANUM , Centaurea benedicta.
    fot2,3 Artères cardiaques ou coronaires , are two in CARDIOCE'LĒ , from xapdia , the heart,
    number . They arise from the aorta, a little and xnan , rupture .' Rupture of the heart,
    ogrady above the freeedge of the sigmoid valves, and especially into the abdominal cavity.
    are distributed on both surfaces of the heart . CARDIODYNE . Cardialgia .
    波 2 The Cardiac or Cor'onary VEINS , (F. ) CARDIOGʻMUS. Hippocrates employed
    thru Veines Cardiaques, are commonly four in num- this word synonymously with Cardialgia . In
    ber ; two anterior and two posterior. They the time of Galen it was used , by some writers,
    open into the right auricle by one orifice, which for certain pulsations of the heart,analogous to
    isfurnished with a valve, and is called, by palpitations. Sauvages understood, by Cardi.
    023
    Portal, Sinus coronaire du Caur. ogmus, an aneurism of the heart or great ves
    CardiAC NERVES, (F .)Nerfscardiaques.These sels , when still obscure.
    are commonly three on each side ; a superior , CARDIOGMUS Cordis Sinistri , Angina pec
    Cell middle and inferior, which are furnished by toris.
    corresponding cervical ganglia. Commonly, CARDIONCHI . See Aneurism .
    there are but two on the left side ; the upper CARDIOPALMUS, Cardiotromus.
    and middle , which draw their origin from the CARDIORRHEX'IS, Rup'tura Cordis, from
    last two cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the su- randiz, ' the heart,'and gngis , laceration.' La
    perior — C. superficia'lis; the middle - C. pro- ceration of theheart.
    3 fundus or C. Magnus ; and the inferior - C . CARDIOTROMUS , Palpita'tio Cordis trep'
    parous... There are, besides, Cardiac filaments, idans, Cardiopal'mus, Trepida'tio Cordis, from
    (F.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the par rapdia, the heart,' and tpouos , tremor.' Rapid
    vagum or pneumo.gastric nerve, and which and feeble palpitation , or fluttering of the heart.
    become confounded with the above. CARDIOTROTUS, from zaodia , the heart,'
    The Cardiac Plexus, Ganglion cardiacum . and Titovoxw ,' I wound .' One affected with a
    A nervous network , formed by the different wound of the heart.- Galen.
    Fa's
    nerves above mentioned . It is situate at the CARDIPERICARDITIS . See Pericarditis.
    posterior part of the aorta, near its origin . It CARDI'TIS , from roodia, the heart,' and
    affords numerous branches, which are distri- the termination itis. Inflammation of the fleshy
    buted to the heart and great vessels.The name substance of the heart. Empress ma Cardi'tis,
    Cardiac has also been given to the glands, ves- (F.) Cardite. The symptoms of this affection
    sels, and nerves, which surround the superior are 'by no means clear. They are often con
    or cardiac orifice of the stomach. founded with those of Pericarditis ;—the in
    CARDIACA CRISPA, Leonorus cardiaca— flammation of the membrane investing the
    c. Passio, Cardialgia. heart. Carditis, indeed , with many, includes
    CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal. both the inflammation of the investing mem
    CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia . brane and that of the heart itself. See Pericar
    CARDIAG RAPHY , Cardiagra'phia, from ditis , and Endocarditis.
    xaodia , ' the heart,' and yoagn , a description . ' CÁRDO , Ginglymus.
    An anatomical description of the heart . CARDOPATIUM , Carlina acaulis.
    CARDIALÄGIA , Cardiaca Passio, Colica CARDUUS ALTILIS,Cynara scolymus
    Ventriculi, Cordo'lium , Cardile'a, Dyspepso- c. Benedictus, Centaurea benedicta — c. Brazi
    மார் dyn'ia, Cardiod'yne, Gastralgia, Gastrodyn'iu, lianus, Bromelia ananas — c. Domesticus capite
    Siomocal'gia , Cardiacus Morbus, Cardiog'mus ; majori, Cynari scolymus- c. Hemorrhoidalis,
    from xaodia , the cardiac orifice of the stomach ,' Cirsium arvense.
    and whyos , ' pain: ' pain of the stomach , also, CARDOUS MARIANUS , Carduus Mariæ , Sit
    Heartburn , (F.) Cardialgie. linpaired appetite, ybum, Carduus lacteus, Spina alba, Common
    with gnawing or burning pain in the stomach Milk Thistle or Ladies' Thistle, (F.) Chardon
    or epigastrium , Morsus vel ardor ventric'uli, Marie. The herb is a bitter tonic. " The seeds
    Soda, Limo'sis cardialgia mordens, Rosio Stom'- are oleaginous. It is not used.
    achi ;-a symptom of dyspepsia. Carduus Pineus, Atractylis gummifera - c.
    Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sativus non
    CardiaLGIA INFLAMMATORIA, Gastritis — c . spinosus,
    Sputatoria , Pyrosis. Cynara scolymus—c . Solstitialis, Cen
    CARDIALO'GIA , from ragdia, ' the heart, ' taurea calcitrapa — c.Štellatus, Centaurea calci
    and hoyos,“ a discourse.' A treatise on the heart. trapa - c. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium .
    CARDIA'RIUS ; same etymology. A name CAREBA’RIA or CAREBARI'A , from zaon,
    given to worms, said to have been found in the the head ,' and Bapos, weight.' Scordinema,
    heart or pericardium . Cardine'ma, heaviness of the head . - Hippocr .,
    CARDIATOMIA, from xapdia , ' the heart,' Galen .
    CARE'NA, Kare'na . The twenty - fourth part
    and teureur , ' to cut. ' Dissection of the heart .
    CARDIEURYSMA . See Aneurisma. of a drop:-Ruland and Johnson .
    CARDILÆA , Cardialgia. CAREUM , Carum .
    CARDIM'ELECH , from xaodia, ' the heart , CAREX ARENARIA , Sarsaparilla Germa
    ES and 750 , Meleck, ( Hebr.,) • à governor. Á nica.
    CARIACOU . A beverage, used in Cayenne,
    supposititious active principle seated in the
    heart, and governing the vital functions.— and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and
    Dolæus.
    sugar , fermented .
    17
    CARICA 130 CARO

    CARICA , Ficus carica. Antiphys'ica, Xantica, Eartıxa, ( F.) Carminatifs.


    Car'ıca Papaya . The Papaw tree , ( F.) Pa- Remedies , which allay pain , and cause the ex
    payer. Ord . Artocarpeæ . A native of America , pulsion of flatus from the alimentary canal.
    India , and Africa. The fruit has somewhot of They are generally of the class of aromatics.
    the flavour of a pumpkin , and is eaten like it. The Four GREATER CARMINATIVE Hot
    The milky juice of the plant, and the seed and SEEDS,wer
    Qua'tuor semina calida majo'ra carmin
    root have been regarded as anthelmintic. ati'da , e, of old , anise , carui, cummin , and
    CAR'ICUM ; - said to have been named after fennel.
    its inventor Caricus . Carycum . A detergent The Four LESSER CARMINATIVE Hot Seeds ,
    application to ulcers ; composed of black helle. Qua'tuor scm'ina calida mino'ra, were bishop's
    bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpi- weed, stone parsley, smallage , and wild carrot.
    ment, cantharides, and oil of cedar. - Hippo- CARMOT. A name given, by the alchy.
    crates . mists, to the matter , which they believed to
    CARIE , Caries. constitute the Philosopher's Stone.
    CARIÉ , Carious. CARNABADIA , Carum , (seed . )
    CA'RIES, Nigri'ties os'sium . An ulceration CARNABADIUM , Cuminum cyminum .
    of bone,-Necrosis being the death of the bone . CARNATIO , Syssarcosis.
    It resembles the gangrene of soft parts. Hence CARNELIAN , Cornelian .
    it has been termed Caries gangreno'sa , Gan- CARNEOLUS, Cornelian .
    græna Caries, G. Ossium , Teredo, Euros, ( F. ) CARNEOUS, Car'neus, Carno'sus, Sarco '.
    Carie. It is recognised by the swelling of the des, from caro, ' flesh,' (F.) Charnu. Consist
    bone , which precedes and accompanies it ; by ing of flesh , or resembling flesh .
    the abscesses it occasions ; the fistulae which Fleshy or MUSCULAR Fibres, ( F.) Fibres
    form ; by the sanious character, peculiar odour charnues ou musculaires, are fibres belonging to
    and quantity of the suppuration , and by the a muscle .
    evidence afforded by probing. The Colum'NE CARNEÆ of the heart, ( F.)
    The most common causes of caries are blows ; Colonnes charnues, are muscular projections,
    -the action of some virus, and morbid dia- situate in the cavities of the heart . They are
    theses. When dependent on any virus in the called , also, Musculi Papilla'res .
    system , this must be combated by appropriate Pannic'ulUs Carrosus , ( F. ) Pannicule
    remedies. When entirely local , it must be con . charnu ;— Carnosa Cutis ; a muscular mem
    verted , where practicable, into a state of necro- brane, adhering to the skin of certain animals,
    sis or death of the affected part. For this end whose use is to move the integuments with
    stimnlants are applied , the actual cautery , &c . the hair, feathers , &c .
    Carles Dentium , Dental gangrene -- c. of the CARNEUM MARSUPIUM , Ischio -trochan .
    Vertebræ , Vertebral disease. terianus.
    CARIEUX, Carious. CARNIC'ULA . Diminutive of Caro , ' flesh .'
    CARIM CURINI , Justitia ecbolium . The gums, Gingivæ , (q .v.)-Fallopius.
    CARINA , Vertebral column. CARNIFICA’TION , Carnifica'tio, from caro,
    CA'RIOUS, Cario'sus, (F. ) Carié, Carieur. ' flesh ,' and fieri, "to become. Transformation
    Affected with caries . into flesh. A morbid state of certain organs, in
    CARIUM TERRÆ , Calx. which the tissue acquires a consistence like
    CARIVE , Myrtus pimenta . that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is some.
    CARIVILLÁNDI, Smilax sarsaparilla. times observed in hard parts, the texture be
    CARLI'NA . • Carline Thistle .' coming softened, as in Ostco-sarco'ma . When
    The Carli’na Acaulis , Chama'leon album , it occurs in the lungs, they present a texture
    Cardopa'tium , ( F. ) Carline sans tige, which like that of liver. Hepatization is, however,
    grows in the Pyrenees, and on the mountains the term more usually applied to this condition .
    of Switzerland, Italy , & c. has been recom- CARNIFORMIS , ABSCESSUS. An ab
    mended as a tonic, emmenagogue , and sudo- scess, whose orifice is hard , the sides thick and
    rific . callous; and which ordinarily occurs in the
    CARLINE SANS TIGE, Carlina acaulis . neighbourhood of the articulations. - M . A.
    CARLO SANCTO , RADIX . St. Charles's Severinus.
    Root :" found in Mechoachan, in America. The CARNIV'OROUS, Carnit'orus, Sarcoph'
    bark is aromatic, bitter, and acrid . It is con- agus, Creatophagus, Creopl'agus, (F.) Carni
    sidered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the rore, from oaps, Aesh,' and payu, • I eat .
    gums and stomach . That which eats fesh . Any substance which
    CARLSBAD , MINERAL WATERS OF. destroys excrescences in wounds, ulcers , &c.
    Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia , 24 miles from CARNOS'ITAS. Carnos'itics or Car'uncles
    Egra, celebrated for its hotbaths. It contains in the Urethra, ( F.) Carnosités ou Caroncules de
    about 47 parts in the 100 of purging salts. It l'urètre, ( F. ) Carnosités , are small fleshy ex
    is a thermal saline; temperature 165 Fahren- crescences or fungous growths, which were, at
    heit . one time , presumed to exist in the male ure
    CARMANTINE, Justitia pectoralis — c. Pec- thra, whenever
    a
    retention of urine followed
    torale, Justitia pectoralis. gonorrhe .
    CARMEN , a verse ,' because charms usu- M. Cullerier uses the term Carnosité péné .
    ally consisted of a verse . A charm (q. v . ) an rienne for a cutaneous , cellular , and membra
    amulet . nous tumour, dependent upon the syphilitic
    CARMINANTIA , Carminatives . virus. See , also , Polysarcia .
    CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia or Car. CARNOSUS , Carneous.
    minati'va, from carmen , ' a verse,' or ' charm ,' CARO , Flesh - c. Accessoria, sce Flexor lon
    CAROB TREE 131 CARPO-PEDAL

    gus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac- son, ontoxanagov, passed for a violent,narcotic
    cessorius)—c. Excrescens, Excrescence - c. poison , and was confounded with myrrh.
    Fungosa, Fungosity — c . Glandulosa, Epiglottic CARPATHICUM . See Pinus cembra .
    gland — c. Luxurians, Fungosity - c. Orbicula . CARPE , Carpus.
    ris, Placenta - c . Parenchymatica, Parenchyma CARPENTORIA , Achillea millefolium .
    -c. Quadrata , Palmaris brevis-c. Quadratus CARPESIUM , Carpasium .
    Sylvii, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis pro- CARPHOLO'GIA , Tilmus, Carpolo' gia ,
    fundus perforans, (accessorius) -c. Viscerum; Crocidismus , Flocco'rum vena'tio, Tricholo 'gia ,
    Parenchyma. Crocidix'is, from xaogos,' floc'culus,' and keyw,
    CAROB TREE , Ceratonia siliqua. I collect,' or ' pluck ,' (F.) Carphologie. Ac
    CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratoniumsiliqua. tion of gathering flocculì. A deliriouspicking
    CAROLI'NA, NORTH , MINERAL WA of the bed -clothes, as if to seek some substance,
    TERS OF. In the counties of Warren , Mont. or to pull the flocculi from them . It denotes
    gomery, Rockingham , Lincoln, Buncomb and great cerebral irritability or debility, and is an
    Rowan , there are mineral springs. They be- unfavourable sign in fevers, & c .
    long generally to the sulphureous or acidu- CARPHOS, Triginella fænum .
    lous saline . CARPIA , Carbasus.
    CAROLINA, South , MINERAL WATERS OF. CARPIÆUS, Palmaris brevis.
    They are numerous. Pacolet Springs , on the CAR'PIAL or CAR'PIAN , Carpia 'nus,
    west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur Carpia'lis, (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the
    and iron . Many , with similar properties, but not Carpus.
    held in estimation , are scattered about the State . CAR'PiaL LIG'AMENTS, ( F.) Ligaments Car
    CARONCULE , Caruncle - c. Lachrymale, piens, are, 1. The fibrous fasciæ , which unite
    Caruncle . the bones of the carpus : and , 2. The annular
    CARONCULES MYRTIFORMES, Carun- ligaments, anterior and posterior, (q . v .)
    culæ myrtiformes — c. de l'Urètre, Carnosities of CARPIAN , Carpial.
    the Urethra. CARPIEN , Carpial .
    CAROPI , Amomum cardamomum . CARPISMUS, Carpus.
    CAROSIS, Somnolency. CARPOBALSAMUM . See Amyris opobal
    samum .
    CAROTIC, (ARTERIÉS,) Carotids.
    CAROTICA , Narcotics. CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia .
    CAROTICUS , comatose, from xapos , ' stu- CARPOLOGIA SPÁSMODICA , Subsultus tendi
    por ,' ( F. ) Carotique. Relating to stupor or num.
    carus,-- as a carotic state, &c. CARPO -METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI.
    CAROT'ID , Carotides, ( Artérie ,) Carotica , TI , Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti--c.Me.
    Carotidea, Capita'les, Jugula'res, Sopord'les, tacarpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi di
    Sopora'ria , Soporif'era, Somnifere, Apoplec- giti-c. Métacarpien du pouce, Opponens pol
    ticæ, Lethargice, from xapos, stupor. The licis, c. Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor
    Carotid Arteries, Cephal'ic Arteries, (F.) A. minimi digiti-c. Phalangien du petit doigt,
    Carotides. The great arteries of the neck, Abductor minimi digiti - c. Phalangien du petit
    which carry blood to the head . They are di- doigt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti — c. Phalan
    vided into, 1. Primitiveor common ; the left of gien du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis manus — c.
    which arises from the aorta, and theright from Sus.phalangien du pouce, Abductor pollicis
    a trunk , common to it and the subclavian. 2. brevis.
    Externalor pericephalic, a branch of the primi- CARPO- PEDAL , from carpus , ' the wrist,'
    tive, which extends from the last to the neck and pes , pedis, the foot.' Relating to the
    of the condyle of the lower jaw : and, 3. In- wrist and foot.
    ternal, Arteria cerebra'lis vel encephalica, ano- CARPO-PEDAL Spasm , Cerebral spasmodic
    ther branch of the primitive, which, arising at croup . A spasmodic affection of the chest and
    the same place as the external, enters the larynx in young children , accompanied by ge
    cranium, and terminates on a level with the neral or partial convulsions. The disease ge
    fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several nerally occurs between the third and ninth
    branches . month , and is characterized by excessive dysp
    The CAROTID Canal , Cuna'lis Carot'icus, næa, accompanied by a loud croupy noise on
    Canal inflexe de l'os temporal- (Ch .,) (F. ) Canal inspiration ; the thumbs being locked , and the
    carotidien , is a canal in the temporal bone, hands and feet rigidly bent for a longer or
    through which the carotid artery and several shorter period .
    nervous filaments pass. The seat of the disease is evidently in the
    The Foram'ina Carot'ıca, Carotid Foram- cerebro -spinal axis, primarily or secondarily ;
    ina, (F.) Trous carotidiens, are distinguished perhaps it is owing to erethism seated else
    into internal and external. They are the forami. where being communicated to the cerebro- spi.
    na at each extremity of the Canalis Caroticus. nal centre and reflected to the respiratory and
    CAROTTE , Daucus carota . otber muscles concerned .
    CAROUA , Carum , (seed .) It seems to be connected with dental irrita
    CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua. tion , and consequently , in the treatment, the
    CAROUGE. See Ceratonium siliqua. gums— where such is the case - should be
    CARPA'SIUM , CAR'PASUM , CAR'PA- freely divided ; after which, cathartics and re
    SUS, and CARPE'SIUM. Dioscorides, Pliny , vulsives, with the use of narcotics and appro
    Galen, &c . , have given these names , and that priate diet, will generally remove the affection ;
    of Carpasos, to a plant, which cannot now be for although extremely alarming, it is often not
    determined, and whose juice, called Opocarpa- attended with great danger.
    CARPOS 132 CARUS APOPLEXIA

    CARPOS , Fruit. crusting cartilages, ( F.) Cartilages de revêtement


    CARPOTICA , from xaqnos, " fruit.' Dis- ou d'encroutement.
    eases affecting impregnation. Irregularity , dif- The INTERARTICULAR CARTILAGES are such
    ficulty or danger produced by parturition :-the as are situate within the joints, as in the knee
    3d order, class Genetica , of Good . joint.
    CARPUS , Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasceta, The CARTILAGES OF THE Ribs are, in some
    Rusteta , the wrist, ( F. ) Carpe, Poignet. The part respects, only prolongations of the ribs . Those
    between the forearm and hand. , Eight bones of the nose, of the meatus auditorius, and Eus
    compose it, (in two rows.) In the superior tachian tube, present a similar arrangement.
    row there are , from without to within -the Other cartilages resemble a union of fibrous
    Scaphoides or navicula're, Luna'rè or Semilu- and cartilaginous textures ; hence their name,
    nare, Cu'neiformē, and Orbicula'rē or Pi'sifor'- Fibro-cartilages.
    me. In the lower row -Trape'zium , Trapezoï - Cartilages or Ossification are such as , in
    des, Magnum , and Un'ciformē. the progress of ossification , have to form an
    CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. integrant part of bones ; as those of the long
    CARRÉ DE LA CUISSE , Quadratus femoris bones in the new- born infant . These are
    -c. des Lomles, Quadratus lumborum-c. du termed temporary ; the others being permanent.
    Menton , Depressor Jabii inferioris — c. du Pied, All the cartilages, with the exception of the
    Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. articular, are surrounded by a membrane ana
    CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica. | logous to the periosteum , called Perichon'drium .
    CARRÉE . See Flexor longus digitorum Cartilago CLYPEALIS, Thyroid cartilage - C.
    Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage -- c. Innominata ,
    pedis profundus perforans, (accessorius.)
    CARRELET, (F.) Acus triangula'ris. A Cricoid - c. Mucronata , Siphoid cartilage -- c.
    straight needle, two or three inches long, the Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage--c . Scutiformis,
    point of which is triangular ; and which the Thyroid cartilage -- c. Uviter, Uvula -- c . Xi..
    ancients used in different operations, also , a phoides, Xiphoid cartilage.
    wooden , triangular frame for fixing a cloth CARUM , from Caria , a province of Asia.
    through which different pharmaceutical prepa- Cereum, Carum Car'ui, Carvi, Cumi'numpra
    rations are passed. ten 'sē, Carus, Car'uon, the Car'aray, ( F.) Carri,
    CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta cretensis Cumin des prés. Family, Umbelliferæ . Ser .
    -c. Deadly, Thapsia - c .Plant, Daucus carota. Syst. Pentandria Digynia . The seeds, Carna
    CAR'THAMUS TINCTO'RIUS, Am’yron , ba'dia , Car'oua, are carminative. Dose, gr. X
    Cnicus, Crocus German'icus, Crocus Saracen'- to z ij, swallowed whole or bruised . The oil,
    icus, Carthamum officina'rum , Car'duus sati'. Olé um Car'ui, ( F. ) Huile de Carci, has the
    Dus, Saffron flower, Safra'num , Safflower , Bas- properties ofthe seeds. Dose, g it ij to vj.
    tard Saffron, (F.) Carthame, Safran bâtard , CAR'UNCLE , Carun'cula , diminutive of caro,
    Carthame des Teinturiers. Family, Cynaroce flesh. A small portion of flesh, Sar'cion . A
    phaleæ. Ser. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia fleshy excrescence, -- Ecphy'ma carun'cula , (F. )
    æqualis . The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, Caroncule.
    and diuretic ; yet to the parroquet they are an CARUNCLE , Carnositas.
    article of food, hence their name , Graines de CARUN'cuLA LACHRYMA'LIS, (F.) Caroncule
    Perroquet. The flowers are employed as a flacrymalc. A small, reddish , follícular body,
    cosmetic . situate at the inner angle of the eye . It se
    CARTHEGON . See Buxus . cretes a gumimy substance.
    CARTILAGE ANONYME , Cricoid , ( carti- CARUNCULÆ CUTICULARES ,Nymphæ.
    lage ) -- c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis – c. Supra- CARUNCULÆ MAMILLA'RES . The extremities
    arytenoid, Corniculum laryngis - c. Tarsal, see of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The
    Tarsus . olfactory nerves (9. v.) have been so called by
    CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte- some.
    noid cartilages_c. Triquetræ , Ary tenoid car- CARUNCULE MYRTIFOR’MES, C. vagina'les,
    tilages. Glan'dulæ myrtiformes, (F.) Curoncules Myr
    CARTILAGINIS ARYTENOIDÆÆ Capitulum , tiformes. Small, reddish tubercles , more or
    Corniculum laryngis. less firm , of variable form , and uncertain num
    CARTILAG " IÑOUS, Cartilagin'cus, Car- ber , situate near the orifice of the vagina, and
    tilagino'sus, Chondro'des, Chondroï'des,(F.)Car- formed by the mucous membrane. They are
    tilagincur. Belonging to, or resembling car- regarded as the remains of the Hymen .
    tilage . CARUNCULE PAPILLARES, Papillæ of the kid .
    CARTILAGO , Chondros, Cartilage, (F.) ney.
    Cartilage. A solid part of the animal body, of ČARUN'CULOUS . Relating to caruncles
    a medium consistence between bone and liga- or carnosities. Carun'culur.
    ment , and which in the fætus is a substitute CARUON , Carum .
    for bone, but in the adult exists only in the CARUS , napos , Sopor caroticus, Profound
    joints, at the extremities of the ribs , & c. Car- sleep. The last degree of coma, with complete
    tilages are of a whitish colour, flexible, com- insensibility, which no stimulus can remove,
    pressible, and very elastic, and some of them even for a few instants. Sopor, Coma, Lethar.
    apparently inorganic. They are composed, ac- gia , and Carus, are four degrees of the same
    cording to J. Davy , of .44 albumen , .55 water , condition .
    and .o1 phosphate of lime. Carus APOPLEXIA , Apoplexy-c. Asphyxia,
    The Articular Cartilages , or Obdu'cent Asphyxia - c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy - c. Ecsta
    C'ar'tilages, invest bony surfaces, which are in sis, Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, llydrocepha
    contact; hence they are called investing or in- ' lus internusớc. ab İnsolatione, ( mup de soleib
    CARVI 133 CASTOR FIBER

    e. Lethargus, Lethargy - c. Lethargus cata- Cassia Fıs'tULA , Cas'sia nigra , Cassia


    phora, Somnolency - c. Lethargus vigil, Co- fistula'ris, C. Alexandri'na, Canna ,Canna solu
    ma vigil - c. Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paraly -ti'ra, Canna fistula , Cathartocarpus, Purging
    sis paraplegia, Paraplegia - c. Veternus , Le Cassia , ( F.) Casse Caneficier, Casse en bâtons,
    thargy . Cassedes Boutiques. The pulp of the Cassia
    CARVI, Carum . Fistula or Cuthartocar'pus Fistula. Fam. Le
    CARYA , Juglans regia-c. Basilica, Juglans guminosa. , Ser. Syst. Decandria Monogynia,
    regia . , Cassie Aramentum, which is
    Pulpa Cas'siæ
    CARYEDON CATAGMA. contained in long pods, is black , bright, and
    See Fracture .
    CARYOCOSTINUM ,Confectio scammoniæ . shining ; sweet, slightly acid , and inodorous.
    CARYOCOSTINUS. An electuary prepared It is laxative in the dose of ziv to zj .
    of the costus and other aromatic substances, &c. Cassia LIGNEA, Laurus cassia - c . Lignea
    It was cathartic . Malabarica, Laurus cassia.
    CARYON PONTICON , Corylus avellana Cassia MariLAN'DICA, American Senna. The
    (nut.) leaves of this plant are similar, in virtue , to the
    CARYOPHYLLA , Geum urbanum . cassia senna. They are , however, much infe
    CARYOPHYLLATA , Geum urbanum . rior in strength.
    CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM , Dianthus Cassia , Purging , Cassia fistula.
    caryophyllus. Cassia Senna . The name of the plant, which
    CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, sce affords senna. Senna Fo'lia ,Senna Alexandri'na,
    Myrtus pimenta - c. Aromaticus, Eugenia ca- Senna Italica , Sena , Senna or Ægyptian Cassia,
    ryophyllata - c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyl- (F .) Sene , Casse Sené. The leaves of senná
    lus - c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum . have a faint smell, and bitterish taste . The
    CARYOʻTI . The best kind of dates. - Galen . active part is extracted by alcohol and water.
    CAS RARES, ( F.). Rare cases. This term is Their activity is injured by boiling water.
    used , by the French, for pathological facts , They are a hydrogogue cathartic, and apt to
    which vary from what is usual. See a cele- gripe. , Dose of the powder Əj to zj. Infusion
    brated article under this head in the Diction is the best form .
    naire des Sciences Médicales, Vol . iv. CASSIÆ ARAMENTUM , see Cassia fistula
    CASAMUM , Cyclamen . -c. Flores , see Laurus cinnamomum .
    CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. CASSIALA , Hyssopus .
    CAS'CARA ,CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words CASSIDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata .
    which signify bark and little bark , under which CASSINA , Ilex vomitoria ,
    appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in CASSINE, EVERGREEN , Ilex vomitoria.
    Peru. They are now applied to the bark of the CASSIS , Ribes nigrum .
    Croton cascarilla . CASSITEROS, Tin .
    CASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla . CASSUMU'NIAR, Casamu'nar, Casmina,
    CASCHEU , Catechu . Risagon, Bengalē Indo'rum , Bengal Root, (F. )
    CASE , Capsa , The'ca, (F.) Caisse. This Racine de Bengale. A root, obtained from the
    name is given to boxes for the preservation of East Indies, in irregular slices of various forms ;
    instruments ; or for medicines necessary in some cut transversely,others longitudinally . It
    hospital or other service. We say, e. g.– , is an aromatic bitter, and is consequently tonic
    case of amputating, or trepanning instruments, and stimulant. It was once considered a pa
    CASE , Casus. The condition of a patient ;-as nacea .
    a case of fever , &c. (F.) Observation . Also, the CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM , Anacardium
    history of a disease . occidentale .
    CASEARIUS , Cheesy. CASTANEA , Fagus castanea - c. Equina,
    CASEOSUS , Cheesy . Æsculus Hippocastanum .
    CASEUS, Cheese-c. Equinus, Hippace . Castanea Pumila , Fagus castanea pumila .
    CASEUX, Cheesy. CASTELLAMARE DI STABIA ,WATERS
    CASHEW , Anacardium occidentale . OF . C. is a town in Naples, in the Principato
    CASHOO. ' An aromatic drug of Hindusthan, Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Naples. There are
    said to possess pectoral virtues . two springs here, the one sulphureous, the
    CASHOW , Catechu. other chalybeate.
    CASIA , Laurus cassia. CASTELLETTO ADONO , WATERS OF.
    CASMINA , Cassumuniar. These waters, sitnate near Acqui , in Italy , are
    CASSA , Thorax . sulphureous.
    CASSADA ROOT , Jatropha manihot. CASTERA- VIVENT, WATERS OF. C.
    CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. is a small village in the department of Gers ,
    CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia-c. near which is a cold acidulous chalybeate, and
    En bâtons, Cassia fistula - c. en Bois, Laurus another which is sulphureous and thermal.
    cassia — c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula — c. Sené , Temp. 84 ° Fahrenheit.
    Cassia senna . CASTIGANS, Corrigent.
    C.ASSE -LUNETTES, Cyanus segetum , Eu CASTJOE , Catechu .
    phrasia officinalis. CASTLE - LEOD , WATERS OF. A sul
    CASSEENA, Nlex vomitoria. phureous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, cele
    CASSENOLES. See Quercus cerris . cutaneous
    brated for the cure of and other dis
    CASSIA , Laurus cassia - c . Absus , Absus- eases.
    c. Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia - c. Caryophyl- CASTOR FIBER , Fiber , Canis Pon'ticus.
    lata , Myrtus caryophyllata - c. Canella, Laurus The Beaver, ( F.) Castor. It furnishes the Cas
    cassia - c. Egyptian , Cassia senna . tor. RONDELET recommends slippers made of
    CASTOREUM 134 CATAPLASM

    its skin in gout. Its blood, urine , bile, and fat, xlutely, ' to submerge, inundate.' A Clyster.
    were formerly used in medicine. Hippocr. Othersmean , by the term , a shower
    Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis . bath, or copious affusion of water ; Cateone'sis.
    CASTOREUM , Castor , from xaorwg, ' the Ablution, (9. V.,) Douche , ( q. v .)
    beaver, ' quasi yootwe, from yaorng, the belly ,' CATÆONESIS , Cacantlema, Cataclysmus.
    because of the size of its belly , or à castrando : CATAGAUNA , Cambogia.
    Cas'toreum Ros'sicum et Canaden'se. A pecu- CATAGMA , Fracture - c. Fissura , Fissure,
    liar matter, found in bags, near the rectum of see Contrafissura – c. Fractura, Fracture.
    the beaver. Its odour is strong, unpleasant, CATAGMATICS , Catagmatica remedia ,
    and peculiar ; taste bitter, subacrid ; and colour from xatayua, ' fracture.' Remedies supposed
    orange-brown. It is antispasmodic, and often callus
    to be .capable of occasioning the formation of
    employed. Dose , gr. x to aj.
    CAŠTRANGULA , Scrophularia aquatica. CATALENTIA . Epilepsy, (q. V.) or some
    CASTRAT, Castratus. disease resembling it. — Paracelsus.
    CASTRATION , Castra'tio, Ectome, Evira'- CATALEPSIA SPURIA , Ecstasis.
    tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Ersec'tio viri- CAT'ALEPSY,Catalep/sia, Catalepsis, Cat
    lium , Eunuchis'mus, Celoto'mia , Orchotomia, oche, Catochus, Congela'tio, Deten'tia, Enca
    Orcheotomy, Orchidotomy. Operation for re- talep'sis, Aphonia— (Hippocr.,) Anau'dia— (An
    moving the testicles. Sometimes, the term is tigenes.,) Apprehen'sio, Contempla'tio, Prehen'.
    employed for the operation , when performed sio, Carus Cutalep'sia, Trance ( ?) Oppres'sio,
    on one testicle ; hence the division into com- Comprehensio— (Cæl. Aurelian .),Apopler'ia Ca
    plete and incomplete castration . Castration ren talepsia , from xatalur Burw , I seize hold of,'
    ders the individual incapable of reproduction.
    (F.) Catalepsie. A disease in which there is
    CASTRATO , Castratus. sudden suspension of the action of the senses
    CASTRATUS, ( I.) _ Castra'to, Ectomius, and of volition : the limbs and trunk preserving
    Emasculatus, Exsectus, Extesticulatus, from cas- the different positions given to them . It is a
    tra'rē, ' to castrate .' One deprived of testicles, rare affection, butis seen , at times, as a form of
    ( F.) Castrat, Châtre. This privation has á hysteria. Some of the Greek writers have used
    great influence on the development of puberty .the word in its true acceptation of a seizure,
    It is adopted to procure a clearer and sharper surprise, & c .
    voice ; and in the East, the guardians of the CATAL'PA , C. Arborea, Bigno'nia Catalpa,
    Harem are, for the sake of security, converted Catalpa Cordifoliu , C. Arborescens. The de
    into Castra'ti or En'nuchs, evrov zoi. The an- coction of the pods of the Catalpa, an American
    cients called those , deprived of one testicle , tree , of the Nat. Fam . Bignoniaceæ , Didyna.
    Spado'nes. Eunuchs have generally both testes mia Angiospermia, has been recommended in
    and penis removed . chronic nervous asthma.
    CASUS, Prolapsus—c . Palpebræ superioris , CATALYSIS , Paralysis.
    Blepharoptosis. CATAMENIA ALBA , Leucorrhæa - c . Men.
    CATA,Kata ,“ downwards,! ' after,' - applied strua,Menses.
    CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODI
    to time: a common prefix, as in
    CATAB'ASIS, from xoteßuero, ' I descend. ' CUS,Menorrhagia .
    An expulsion of humours downwards. CATANANCE , Cichorium intybus.
    CATABLE'MA, Epible'ma , Perible'ma. The CATANGELOS , Ruscus.
    outermost bandage which secures the rest. CATANTLE'MÁ and CATANTLE'SIS,
    CATABYTHISMOMANIA , from xata $u- from xata, upon ,' and avriam, pour, Catco
    Olquos, ' submersion ,' and uavia ,'mania.' Insa- ne'sis and Catæone'sis. Ablution with warm
    nity , with a propensity to suicide by drowning. Empiricus.
    ČATACAUMA, Burn .
    water ; a fomentation.—Moschion, Marcellus
    CATACAUSIS , Combustion , human - c . CATAPAS'MA, from xatanacou, I sprin
    Ebriosa , Combustion , human . kle , ' Catapas'tum , Consper'sio ,Epipas'lon , l'as.
    CATACERAS'TICUS, from xOTAXENCI VUue, ma , Sympasma , Empas'ma, Xerion, Asper' sio .
    I temper,' ' I correct.' The same as Epiceras. | Compound medicines, in the form of powder ,
    ticus. A medicine capable of blunting the employed by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers,
    acrimony of humours. absorb perspiration ,& c.—Paulus of Ægina .
    CATÁCHASMOS, Scarification . CATAPH'ORA, ' a fall ,' from xataq , " I
    CATACHRISIS , Inunction . throw down .' A state resembling sleep, with
    CATACHRISTON , Liniment . privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency,
    CATAC'HYSIS, Effusio , Perfu 'sio , from (q. v .) According to others, Cataphora is sim
    xatayev , I pour upon.' Affusion with cold ply a profound sleep, which it is difficul: to
    water.- Hippocr . Decantation, (q. v.) rouse from - in this sense being synonymous
    CATACLASIS, from xataxiałw , ' I break to with Sopor. (9. v .)
    pieces.' Cam 'pylum , Campylo'tis.' Distortion Cataphora HYDROCEPHALICA, see Apoplexy
    or spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; spasmodic -c . Cymini, Theriaca Londinensis.
    occlusion of the eyelids ; also, fracture of a CATAPHRAC'TA, a Cuirass, from xata
    bone . - Hippocr., Vogel. coagow, I fortify .' A name given by Galen to
    CATACLEIS ', froin rata , ' beneath ,' and a bandage applied round the thorax and shoul
    xdats, ' the clavicle . This term has been ap- ders. It was also called Quadri'ga.
    plied to many parts, as to the first rib, the CATAPLASM , Cataplasma , Epiplasma,
    acromion, the joining of the sternum with the Bæos , from xatanimeir, ' to besmear,' ( F. )
    ribs , & c . Cataplasme. A medicine to be applied exter
    CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclysma,from xata- nally, under the form of a thick pap. Cata.
    CATAPLEXIS 135 CATARACT

    plasms are formed of various ingredients, and contracting and dilating. Cataracts have been
    for different objects. They may be anodyne, divided, by some , into spurious and genuine .
    emollient, tonic , antiseptic, irritating, & c . A The former, where the obstacle to vision is be
    simple poultice acts only by virtue of its tween the capsule of the lens and the uvea : the
    warmth and moisture. Meal , fatty substances, latter, where it is in the lens or capsule . A
    leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, lenticular cataract is where the affection is seated
    &c . , are the most common bases . in the lens ;-a capsular or membranous, where
    The chief ponltices which have been officinal in the capsule . The capsular is divided again ,
    are the following. by Beer, into the anterior , posterior , and com
    ANODYNE . EMOLLIENT. TONIC AND plete capsular cataract. When the capsule is
    ASTRINGENT. rendered opake , in consequence of an injury,
    C. Cicutæ , C. Lini, C. Alum , which cuts or ruptures any part of it, it thickens,
    C. Digitalis. C. Panis , C. Goulard, becomes leathery, and has been called Catarac'
    C. Mali maturi . C. Rosæ .
    ANTISEPTIC . IRRITATING . ta arida siliquo'sa . Cataracta Morgagniu'na
    C. Carbonis, C. Sinapis, lactea vel purifor'mis, is the milky variety, in
    C. Dauci, C. Muriatis Sode, which the crystalline is transformed into a liquid
    C. Fermenti, C. Quercus Marini. similar to milk, ( F. ) Cataracte laiteuse. The
    C. Acetose. cap'sulo -lentic'ular affects both lens and capsule ,
    C. Cumini.
    and Beer conceives the liquor Morgagni, in an
    The Parisian Codex has some other officinal altered state, may contribute to it. Cataracts
    cataplasms. 1. Cataplas'ma anodynum , made are also called stony, (F.) ( pierreuse,) milky or
    of poppy and hyoscyamus . 2. Cataplas'ma emol- cheesy (laiteuse ou cuséuse,) according to their
    liens, made of meal and pulps. 3. Cataplas'ma density :-white , pearly, yellow , brown , gray ,
    ad suppurationem promoven'dam , of pulps and green, black, (F.) blanche, perlée, jaune, brune,
    Basilicon. 4. Cataplasma rubefa'ciens vel an- grise, verte,noire, according to their colour:
    tipleuriticum , formed of pepper and vinegar. fixed or vacillating, -catarac'ta capsulo -lenticu
    The only cataplasms,the preparation ofwhich la'ris fira vel trem'ula , ( F.) fixe ou branlante,
    it is important to describe, are the following: according asthey are fixed or movable behind
    Cataplas’MA FERMEN'T1,C.efferves'cens, Yeast the pupil. They are also called Catarac'tamar
    Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cataplasme de Le- mora'ciæ ,fenestra'ta, stella'tæ , puncta'tæ , dimi
    oure . ( Take of meal ibj, yeast lbss. Expose to dia'tæ, &c., according to the appearances they
    a gentle heat.) It is antiseptic, and a good ap- present.
    plication to bruises. Cataracts may be simple or complicated with
    Cataplasʼma Sina'PIS, C. Sina'peos, Sin'a- adhesion, amaurosis, specks, & c . They may
    pism , Mustard Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Ca- be primary or primitive, when opake before the
    taplasme de Moutard ou Sinapisme. (Mustard, operation ;-or secondary, when the opacity is
    and Linseed meal or meal aa equal parts. Warm the result of the operation .
    vinegar, or water, q . s. ) A rubefacient and The cataract is commonly a disease of elder
    stimulant applied to the soles of the feet in ly individuals, although, not unfrequently, con
    coma, low typhus, &c. , as well as to the pained gen'ital. It forms slowly : objects are at first
    part in rheumatism , &c. seen as through a mist, light bodies appear to
    CATAPLEX'IS , Stupor, from xata and fly before the eyes , and it is not until after
    alroow, ' I strike .' The act of striking with months or years that the sight is wholly lost.
    amazement. Appearance of astonishmentas ex- No means will obviate the evil except an
    hibited by the eyes in particular . See flæmodia. operation, which consists in removing the ob
    CATA POSIS, Deglutition . stacle to the passage of the light to the retina.
    CATAPOTION , Pilula. Four chief methods are employed for this pur
    CATAPSYX'IS, from xataryuyo , ' I refrige- pose.
    rate .' Peripsy'is. Considerable coldness of the 1. Couching or Depression, ( F.) Abaissement,
    body , without rigor and horripilatio . — Galen . Déplacement de la Cataracte. This consists in
    Perfrictio. Coldness in the extreme parts of passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica
    the limbs. - Hippocr. and subjacent membranes, a little above the
    CATAPTOʻSİS, Deciden'tia , a fall. This transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about
    word expresses, sometimes, the fall of a patient, two lines distance from the circumference of
    attacked with epilepsy, (q. v.) or apoplexy; at the transparent cornea , until the point arrives
    others, thesudden resolution of a paralytic limb. in the posterior chamber of the eye. With this
    CATAPULTA VIRILIS , Penis . the crystalline is depressed to the outer and
    CATAPUTIA , MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris, lower part of the globe of the eye, where it is
    Ricinus communis. left. 2. By absorption ,- by the French termed
    CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Suf- broiement, or bruising. This is performed in
    fu 'sio Oculi, Ptharma cataracta, Caligo lentis, the same manner as the former; except that,
    Gutta opaca , Hypoc'hyma, Hypoc'hysis, Pha- instead of turning the crystalline from the axis
    coscoto'ma, Parop sis cataracta ,Glauco'ma Woul- of the visual rays, it is divided by the cutting
    hou'si. A deprivation of sight , which comes on , edge of the needle , and its fragments scattered
    as if a veil fell before the eyes. Cataract con- in the humours of the eye, where they are ab
    sists in opacity of the crystalline lens or its cap- sorbed. 3. By extraction, which consists in
    sule, which prevents the passage of the rays of opening, with a particular kind of knife, the
    light, and precludes vision. The causes are transparent cornea and the anterior portion of
    obscure. Diagnosis. The patient is blind, the the capsule of the crystalline ; and causing the
    pupil seems closed by an opake body, of varia- lens to issue through the opening. Each of the
    ble colour, but commonly whitish :—the pupil processes has its advantages and disadvantages,
    CATARACTA GLAUCA 136 CATHARSIS

    and all are used by surgeons. 4. Some , again , CATARRHCE /CUS, from xataopew, ' I flow
    pass a cataract needle through the transparent from .' An epithet for disease, produced by a
    cornea and pupil , to the crystalline, and depress discharge of phlegm ; Catarrhal.
    or cause its absorption . This is called Kera- CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA , from zatun
    tonyxis, which see. ponos, xatagponns , ' sloping downwards . ' Tù.
    CATARACT, BLACK , Amaurosis. bercles tending downwards, or with their apices
    CATARACTA GLAUCA , Glaucoma - c. downwards.
    Nigra, Amaurosis . CATARRHOPHE, Absorption.
    CATARACTE, ABAISSEMENT DE LA , CATARRHO'PIA, Catarrhysis, from xata,
    see Cataract — c. Déplacement de la, see Cataract downwards ,’ and porn, ' inclination. An afflux
    -C. Noire, Amaurosis. of fluids towards the inferior parts, and espe
    CATARACTÉ, (F.) Catarac'tus, Catarac'tâ cially towards the viscera of the abdomen . The
    vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The Greek word avaggonia expresses an opposite
    French use this term , both for the eye affected phenomenon , or a tendency towards the upper
    with cataract and the patienthimself. parts.
    CATARRH' , Catarrhus, Catar'rhopus, Ca. CATARRHOPUS , Catarrh .
    tarrheu'ma, Rheuma, Deflur'io, from κατα,, CATARRHYSIS , Catarrhopia, Defluxion .
    downwards,' and peo , ' I How .' A discharge CATARRHUS, Defluxion , Tussis — c . Æsti .
    of fluid from a mucous membrane. The ancients vus , Fever, hay - c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche
    considered the catarrh as a simple flux, and not parotidæa - c. Gonorrhæa, Gonorrhæa-c. In.
    as an inflammation. Generally , it partakes of testinalis , Diarrhæa - c. ad Nares, Coryza
    this character, however. Catarrh is, with us, c. Suffocativus barbadensis, C. trachealis — c.
    usually restricted to the inflammation of the Urethralis, Gonorrhæa - c . Vesicæ, Cystirrhæa.
    mucous membrane of the air- passages ; the CATARTIS'MUS, from xatapritev, to re
    French extend it to that of all mucous mem - pair,' replace .' The coaptation of a luxated
    branes. (F.) Flur muqueux, Flurion catarrhale. or fractured bone .
    CATARRH, in the English sense, Rheuma Pec'- CATASCEUE, Structure .
    toris, Catar'rhus Ped'toris, Blennop'tysis, Tus'sis CATASTAGMOS , Coryza.
    catarrha'lis simplex, Anacathar'sis catarrha'lis CATASTALAGMOS, Coryza, Distillation .
    simplex, Grave'do (of many ,) a cold , Febris Ca- CATASTASIS, from xalitrui, ' I establish . '
    tarrha'lis, Blennotho'rar, Bronchi'tis, Catar'rhus The constitution , state, condition, &c . of any
    à frigore,(F.) Catarrhe pulmonaire, Rhume de thing:-Hippoc. Also , thereduction ofa bone.
    Poitrine , is a superficial inflammation of the See Constitution, and Habit of Body.
    mucous follicles of the trachea and bronchi. It CATATASIS , from xaTaTelVW), I extend ,
    is commonly an affection of but little conse- extension ,' (q. v.) The extension and reduc
    quence, but apt to relapse and become chronic. tion of a fractured limb .-Hippoc .
    It is characterized by cough, thirst , lassitude , CATATALIPSIS , Oppression .
    fever, watery eyes, with increased secretion of CATAXIS, Fracture.
    mucus from the air-passages. The antiphlogis- CATCH FLY, Silene Virginica.
    tic regimen and time usually remove it. Some. CATCHUP , Ketchup.
    times, the inflammation of the bronchial tubes CATE , Catechu .
    is so great as to prove fatal. CATECHU . The extract of various parts
    CATARRH, ACUTE, OF THE UTERUS , see Me- of the Mimosa Catechu , Caætchu, an oriental
    tritis — c. Summer, Fever , hay: tree . The drug is also called Terra Japon'ica,
    CATARRH',EPIDEMIC,Catarrhus epidem'icus, Extrac'tum Catechu, Japan Earth, Cascheu ,
    C. à conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum . Catarrh Cadtchu, Cashow , Caitchu, Castjoe, Cacau, Cate,
    occurring owing to some particular Constitutio Kaath, Cuti, Cutch, Coira, Succus Japon'icus.
    aëris, and affecting a whole country : - Influ- ( F.) Cachou. It is a powerful astringent, and
    enza , ( q. v.) is used in diarrhæa, intestinal hemorrhage, &c .
    CATARRHACTA, Cataract . Dose , gr. xv. to zss in powder .
    CATARRHE AIGUE DE L'UTÉRUS, see CATEIA D’ION , from xata , and εια , ( a blade
    Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphthæ — c. Gastrique, Gas- of grass . ' A long instrument, thrust into the
    tritis — c. Guttural, Cynanche tonsillaris — c. In- nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headache.
    testinal, Diarrhæa -- c. Laryngien , Laryngitis, Aretæus.
    c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia - c . de l'Oreille , Otir- CATENÆ MUSCULUS , Tibialis anticus.
    rhea - c. Pharyngien , Cynanche parotidæa - c. CATEONESIS , Catantlema.
    Pulmonaire, Catarıh - c. Stomacal, Gastror. CATGUT, Galega Virginiana.
    rhea — c. Utérine, Leucorrhæa — c. V ésical, Cys.
    CATHÆ'RESIS, xala1080iş, subtraction , di
    tirrhæa . minution . '
    Extenuation or exhaustion , owing
    CATARRHEC'TICA , from ratugoryrupi, " I to forced exercise. - Hippoc .
    break down.' Remedies considered proper for CATHÆRETICUS, Catheretic.
    dissolving; —as diuretics, cathartics , & c . - Hip- CATHARETICUS , Cathartic.
    poc , CATHARISMOS , Depuration.
    CATARRHEUMA , Catarrh . CATHAR'MA, Purgament'um . Matters
    CATARRHEUX, (F.) Catarrho'sus. One evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous
    subject to catarrh , affected with catarrh . purging , also, a cathartic , (q. v . )
    CATARRHEX'IA , Catarrheris; same ety- CATHAR'MUS. Same etymon ; a purga
    mon as Catarrhectica : the action of Catarrhec- tion .- Hippoc. Also, the cure of a disease by
    tica. Also , effusion , evacuation of the bowels. magic, &c .
    CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement, CATHARSIS , from xafardelv, ' to purge.'
    (g . v . ) -c . Vera, Hæmatochezia . Purga'tio, Apocathar'sis, Copropho'ria. A na
    CATHARTIC 13 . CAUDIEZ

    tural or artificial purgation by any passage ;- electuary , chiefly composed of cassia, tama
    mouth , anus , vagina, &c . rinds, rhubarb , senna , &c .
    CATHAR'TIČ, Cathar'ticus, Catharcticus, CATIL'LIA . A weight of nine ounces.
    Catharma, Coprocrit'ica, Dejecto'rium Reme' CATIL LUS, Cup .
    dium , Eccathar'ticus, Hypacticus, Hypełatos, CATIN FUSORUS Crucible.
    IUS,
    Lapac'ticus, Apocathar'ticus. Sameetymon, ( F. ) CATLING , Knife, double -edged.
    Cathartique. " A medicine, which, when taken CATO , xatun, 6 below ,'' beneath .' This word ,
    internally , increases the number of alvine eva- in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used
    cuations. Some substances act upon the upper for the abdomen, especially the intestines .
    part of the intestinal canal , as calomel and When he advises a remedy - xatw , he means a
    colocynth ; others, on the lower parts, as aloes ; purgative ; when ura above or upwards, an
    and some on the whole extent, as saline purga- emetic. As a prefix, Cato means ' beneath ,' as in
    tives . Hence a choice may be necessary . Ca. CATOCATHARÄTIC , Catocathar'ticus, from
    thartics are divided into Púrgatives and Laxa- xato, downwards,' and xafatgeo , I purge .'
    tives, (q. v .) A medicine, which purges downwards. One
    The following is a list of the chief Cathartics : that
    sis toproduces alvine evacuations.
    Anacathartic . The antithe.

    Aloe , Podophyllum ,
    CATOCHE or CAT'OCHEIS , from zateyo ,
    Cassia Marylandica , Potassæ Acetas, " I retain , ' ' I hold fast .' This word has,by some ,
    Colocynthis,
    Elaterium ,
    Bisulphas , been used synonymously with Catalepsy : ( q .
    Sulphas ,
    Gambogia , Supertartras , v . ) by others, with Coma vigil ; by others, with
    Hydrargyri Chloridum Tartras, Tetanus .
    mite , Rheum , CATOCHUS, Ecstasis -- c. Cervinus, Teta
    Oxydum nigrum , Scammonium , nus - c. Holotonicus, Tetanus - c. Infantum , In
    Hydrarg. cum Mag- Senna , duration of the cellular tissue .
    nesia, Sinapis ,
    Jalappa, Sodæ et Potassa. Tartras, CATOMISMOS , from xatw , beneath ,' and
    Juglans, Phosphas , oruos , shoulder. ' Subhumera'tio. A mode with
    Magnesia , Sulphas,
    Carbonas , Sodii Chioridum , the ancients , of reducing luxation of the hume
    Sulphas. Sulphur, rus by raising the body by the arm.- Paulus of
    Manna ,
    Veratrina, Ægina .
    Mannita , TATOPTROMANCY , from xatotrgov,, ' a
    Oleum Euphorbiæ La Aqua Minerales Sulphu mirror,' and uavista , divination .' A kind of
    res et Salina ,
    thyridis ,
    Ricini, Enemata, divination by means of a mirror.
    - Tiglii , Suppositoria . CATOPTER , Speculum .
    CATOPTRON , Speculum .
    CATHARTINE . See Convolvulus jalapa. CATORCHI'TES . A kind of sour wine ,
    CATHARTIQUE , Cathartic . prepared with the orchis and black grape , or
    CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula . dried figs. It was formerly employed as a diu
    CATHEDRA , Anus. retic and emmenagogue. -Dioscorid . Called ,
    CATHEMERUS, Quotidian . also, Sycites. - Galen .
    CATHERETIC , Cathæreticus, Ectylot'icus, CATORETICUS, Purgative.
    Sarcoph'agus, from rafalgelv, “ to eat,' destroy .' COTOTERICUS , Purgative .
    Substances applied to warts, exuberant granu. CATOT’ICA , from ratu, beneath .' Dis
    lations , &c . , to eat them down . They are mild eases infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of
    caustics. the fluids or emunctories , that open on the in
    CATH'ETER , from zagirue, ' I explore. ' ternal surfaces of organs. The second order in
    Æne'a , Al'galie, Cathete'ris, Demissor, Immis'- the class Eccritica of Good .
    Á hollow tube, introduced by surgeons CATSFOOT , Antennaria Dioica.
    sor .
    into the urinary bladder, for the purpose of CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia .
    drawing off the urine . Catheters are made of CATTITEROS , Tin .
    silver or elastic gum . See Bougie. The French CATULOT'ICUS , from xatov2oe! , ' to cica
    generally use the word catheter, for the solid trize.' A remedy for removing citatrices. - Ga
    sound or staf ; and algalie and sonde for the len. A medicine, proper for producing cicatri
    hollow instrument. zation .
    CATHETERIS , Catheter. CATU - TRIPALI, Piper longum .
    CATHETERIS'MUS , Catheterisis, same ety- CAUCALOIDES, Patella.
    mon . The introduction of a catheter into the CAUCHEMAR , Incubus.
    bladder, or Eustachian tube . CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus .
    CATHID'RYSIS, from ragidouw , " I place CAUCHUC , Caoutchouc.
    together.' Reduction of a part to its natural CAUDA , Coccyx .
    situation . Cauda Equina. The spinal marrow , at its
    CATHMIA , Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum . off termination , aboutthe 2d lumbar vertebra, gives
    CATHMIR, Calamina. a considerable number of nerves , which ,
    CATHOLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeurs when unravelled,resemble a horse's tail,-hence
    Catholiques, are the fluids spread over the whole the name. (F.) Queue deCheval, Q. de la Moelle
    body. Epinière. See Medulla Spinalis.
    CATHOL'ICON or CATHOL'ICUM , from Cauda Salax , Penis.
    nad', and oderos, universal. A remedy , be- CAUDATIO .' An extraordinary elongation
    lieved to be capable of curing all diseases - a ofthe clitoris. - Blasius.
    panacea . CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    Cathol'icon Duplex , an ancient, purging Caudicz is a small town , nine leagues from Per
    18
    CAUL 138 CAUSTIC

    pignan, where there is a thermal spring, con- | those, which arise within the body ; -- as mental
    taining a little sulphate of soda
    and iron . emotions , & c .
    CAUL. The English name for the omentum . MECHANICAL Causes , ( F. ) Causes mécan
    Also, when a child is born, with the membranes iques, are those, which act mechanically, as
    over the face , it is said to have been “ born with pressure upon the windpipe in inducing suffo
    a caul.” In the catalogue of superstitions, this cation.
    is one of the favourable omens . The caul itself NEGATIVE Causes, ( F.) Causes négatives,
    is, likewise, supposed to confer privileges upon comprise all those things, the privation of which
    the possessor ; hence the membranes are dried, may derange the functions;-as abstinence too
    and sometimes sold for a high price. (L.) Pilus, long continued. They are opposed to posilice
    Pileolus, Galea, Vitta. (F.) Coeffe, Coiffe- causes, which , of themselves, directly induce
    ( Etre né coeffé — " to be born with a caul."') See disease ;-as the use of indigestible food, of spi
    Epiploon. rituous drinks, & c .
    CAULE'DON , Sicyddon , from xavios , ' a OCCASIONAL or Excitise CAUSES, Causa ac
    stalk .' A transverse fracture . tua'les, ( F .) Cuuses occasionelles, are those which
    CAULIFLOWER , Brassica Florida. immediately produce the disease.
    CAU'LJFLOWER Excres'CENCE , Excrescen'tia Occult or HIDDEN or OBSCURE Causes , ( F.)
    Syphilit'ica , ( F. ) Choufleur. A syphilitic excres. Causes occultes ou cachées ou obscures. Any
    cence , which appears about the origin of the causes with which we are unacquainted ;-also,
    mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus and certain inappreciable characters of the atmo
    vulva, and which resembles, in appearance , the sphere, which give rise to epidemics.
    head of the cauliflower. PhysioLOGICAL Causes, ( F.) Causes Physi
    CAULIS , Penis . ologiques, those which act only on living inat
    Caulis FLORIDA, Brassica Florida . ter ;-narcotics, e . g.
    CAULOPLE'GÍA , from xuvos , " the male Physical CAUSES, (F. ) Causcs Physiques ,
    organ ,' and nanym, ' a wound,' or ' stroke .' An those which act by virtue of their physical pro
    injury or paralysis of the male organ . perties ; as form , hardness, & c . All vulne
    CAUMA, zavua , ' a burnt part,' from xaiw, rating bodies belong to this class.
    " I burn . ' Great heat of the body or atmosphere . PREDISPONENT or REMOTE CAUSES , Cause
    Synocha ( q. v. ) Empresma (q . v . ) proëgu'mene , Cause abdita , ( F. ) Causes pré.
    Cauma Bronchitis , Cynanche trachealis — c . disponantes, Causes éloignées, Causæ remo'tæ ;
    Enteritis , Enteritis – ć. Ğastritis , Gastritis – c . those which render the body liable to disease.
    Hæmorrhagicum , Hæmorrhagia activa - c. Oph- These may be general, affecting a number of
    thalmitis, Ophthalmia - c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis people, or they may be particular, affecting only
    -c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis - c . Pleuritis , Pleuritis one person.
    -c . Rheumatismus, Rheumatism , acute. Principal Causes , ( F. ) Causes principales ;
    CAUNGA , Areca. -those which exert the chief influence on the
    CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate, production of disease, as distinguished from the
    c. Continens , Cause , proximate . accessory causes .
    CAUSÆ ABDITÆ , Causes, predisponent or PROCATARCTIC CAUSES , Cause procatarc'.
    remote - c. Actuales , Causes, occasional — c. ticæ ,Causæ præincipien'tes,from rupoxet qXTIXOS;
    Præincipientes , Causes, procatarctic - c. Proë- -the origin or beginning of a thing, from xa
    gumenæ , Causes, predisponent. Tanyo , ' I begin ,' and 100 , before .' These words
    CAUSE , Cau'sa, utia, Aitia, uitior, Aition. have been used , in different significations.
    An act which precedes another, and seems to Some have employed them synonymously with
    be a necessary condition for the occurrence of predisponent or remote causes ; others, with oc.
    the latter. The causes of disease are generally casional or exciting causes .
    extremely obscure ; although they , sometimes, The PROXIMATE CAUSE , Causa prox'ima vel
    are evidentenough . The predisponent and oc- con'tinens vel conjunc'ta (F. ) Cuuse continente
    casional causes are the only two, on which any ou prochaine, is the disease itself. Superabun
    stress can be laid ; but as authors have divided dance of blood, e . g. , is the proximate cause of
    them differently, a short explanation is neces- plethora.
    sary . Specific CausES , ESSENTIAL CAUSES , & c .
    Causes , AccessoRY , (F.) Causes Accessoires, (F.) Causes spécifiques , C. essentielles, Causes
    are those which have only a secondary influ- déterminantes; those, which always produce
    ence in the production of disease . determinate disease ; contagion , for example . a
    Accidental Causes , or COMMON CAUSES , CAUSES CACHÉES, Causes,occult - c . De
    (F.) Causes Accidentelles, are those, which act terminantes, Causes, specific - c. Eloignées, Cau
    only in certain given conditions ; and which ses, predisponent - c. Prochaines, luses, proxi.
    do not always produce the same disease . Cold , mate.
    e. g . , may be the accidental cause of pneumonia , CAUSIS , Burn , Ebullition , Fermentation,
    rheumatism , & c . Incendium , Ustion.
    EXTERNAL CAUSES , ( F. ) Causes externes, are CAUSOMA , Inflammation ,
    such as act externally to the individual ; as air, CAUS'TIC , Caus'ticus, Cauteret'icus, Diæ .
    cold , &c . ret'icus, Ero'dens, Pyrot'icus from xain , 'I burn ,'
    Cáuses FORMELLES (F.) are such as deter- (F. ) Caustique. Bodies ,which have the proper.
    mine the form or kind of the disease . They ty of causticity ; and which, consequently , burn
    differ from the Causes matérielles, which are or disorganize animal substances. The word is
    common to a set of diseases ; as , to the neuroses , also used substantively. The most active are
    phlegmasiæ , &c . called Escharotics. Caustics are also called
    INTERNAL CAUSES , ( F.) Causes internes, are corrosives .'
    CAUSTICA ADUSTIO 139 CAVERNOUS

    Caustic BEARER , Porte- caustique. To CAUTERIZE. Caustico adu'rerë, (F.) Car


    CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization . tériser. To apply the cautery. To burn with
    CAUSTIC''ITY ,Caustic'itas, from xavotiros , a cautery .
    that which burns. ' The impression , which CAUTERY ,Cauterium - c. Potential, Causti
    caustic bodies make on the organ of taste ; or, cum commune.
    more commonly , the property which distin- CAVA , Vulva.
    guishes those bodies. Cava, Vena . The hollow or deep -seated
    CAUSTICUM ALKALINUM , Potassa fusa vein , (F.) Veinc cave. A name given to the
    -c . Americanum , Veratrum sabadilla — c. An- two great veins of the body , which meet at the
    timoniale, Antimonium muriatum - c..Com- right auricle of the heart. The dena cara su
    mune , Potassa fusa - c. Commune acerrimum , pe'rior, thorac''ica vel descendens, is formed by
    Potassa fusa -- c. Commune fortius, Potassa cum the union of the subclavians ; and receives suc
    calce - c . Lunare, Argenti nitras - c. Potentiale, cessively , before its termination at the upper
    Potassa fusa -- c . Salinum, Potassa fusa . part of the right auricle , the inferior thyroid,
    CAUSTIUM COMMU'NE, Poter'tial Cau'tery, right internal mammary , superior diaphragma
    Common Caustic, Caute'rium potentialē, Lapis tic, azygos, &c. The vena cava inferior,abdomi
    sep'ticus, Caus'ticum commu'nëmit'ius. This con- na'lis vel 'ascen'dens, arises from the union of
    of quickline and
    sistsCAUSTIQUE, black soap, aā equal parts. the two primary iliacs, opposite the fourth or
    Caustic . fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral,
    CAU'SUS from xatw, Iburn .' A highly ar- the lumbar,rightspermatic, hepatic, and inferior
    dent fever, Deū'rens. Pinel regards it as a com- diaphragmatics, and opens at the posterior and
    plication of bilious and inflammatory fever ; inferior part of the right auricle.
    Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accompanied CAVATIO , Cavity .
    with bilious symptoms. See Synocha. CAVEA , Cavity - c . Narium , Nares.
    Causus , ENDEMIAL, OF THE WEst Indies , CAVER'NA, avrpov, Antrum . A cavern . '
    Fever, yellow-c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever, This term hasbeen used for the female organs
    yellow . of generation . See Cavity and Vulva.
    CAUTCHUC , Caoutchouc . CAVERNA NARIUM , Nares .
    CAUTÈRE, Cauterium , Fonticulus - c. Inhé- CAVERNÆ FRONTIS, Frontal sinuses.
    rent, Inherent cautery . CAVERNEUX , Carvernous.
    CAUTERETICUS, caustic. CAVERNOUS, Caverno'sus, (F. ) Cader
    CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OF . neur. Filled with small cavities or caverns, -
    C. is a bourg seven leagues from Baréges (Hau- as a sponge.
    tes-Pyrénées,) France. The waters are hydro- CAVERNOUS RESPIRATION , (F.) When a
    sulphurous and thermal. They are used in the cavity exists in the lungs, and one or more
    same cases as the Baréges water. ramifications of the bronchia terminate in it , a
    CAUTE'RIUM , Cautery, Inustoʻrium , Rup loud tubal noise is emitted ,provided the cavity
    torium , from xarw, 'I burn,' (F.) Cautère, Feu be not filled with fluid, which is called catern
    actuel. A substance, used for burning or dis- ous respiration . In this condition the cough is
    organizing the parts to which it is applied. cavernous likewise , (F.) Tour Carerneuse.
    Cauteries were divided, by the ancients, into When the capacity of the cavern is very great,
    actual and potential. The word is now restrict- the sound of respiration is like that produced by
    ed to the red- hot iron ; or to positive burning. blowing into a decanter, with the mouth at
    It was, formerly , much used for preventing he- a little distance from the neck. This kind of
    morrhage from divided arteries ; and also,with cavernous respiration has been called amphoric,
    the same views, as a blister. The term , Poten- from amphora, ' a flask ,' (F.) Respiration am
    tial Cautery, Cautérium potentia'le, (F. ) Feu po- phorique.
    tentiel, was generally applied to the causticum CAV'ERNOUS TEXTURE or TISSUE , (F. ) Tissu
    commune, (q. v.)but is now used synonymously carerneur. The spongy substance which forms
    with caustic in general. the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It
    Cautère also means an issue . seems to consist of a very complicated lace
    CAUTERIZATION , Cauterisa'tio , Erus'tio, work of arteries and veins; and , probably , of
    Inus'tio, Caus'tica Adus'tio . The effect of a nervous filaments, with small fibrous plates ,
    cautery . which form , by their decussation, numerous
    The French ,amongst whom cauterization is cells, communicating with each other. This
    much used , distinguish five kinds : 1. Cau- spongy texture produces erection, by dilating
    térisation inhérente,which consists in applying and swelling on the influx of blood ; and pro
    the actual cautery freely, and with a certain de- bably, also , by virtue of some property inhe
    gree of force, so as to disorganize deeply . 2. rent in it.
    Cautérisation transcurrente, which consists in COR'PORA CAVERNO'SA OF THE Penis , Cor'po
    passing the edge of the Cautere cultellaire, or ra nervosa, C. Ner'veo-spongiosa Penis,( F.)
    ihe point of the Cautère conique lightly, so as Corps caderneur. The corpus cavernosum is
    not to disorganize deeply. 3. Cautérisation a kind of cylindrical sac , separated ,through its
    par pointes, which consists in applying on the whole extent, by a vertical , incomplete sep
    skin here and there, the hot pointof the conical tum ; and forming nearly two-thirds of the Pe.
    cautery with sufficient force to cauterize the nis. The corpus cadernosum , on each side,
    whole thickness of the skin. 4. Cautérisation arises from the ascending portion of the ischi
    lente, slow cauterization, by means of the moxa. um , and terminates obtusely behind the glans.
    5. Cautérisation objective, which consists in The arteries of the corpora cavernosa come
    holding the cautery at some distance from the from the internal pudic. See Helicine Arte
    part to be acted upon by it. ries. Nerves are found on the surface of the
    CAVIARE 140 CEL'LULAR

    outer membrane, but they do not appear to pe CEANOTHOS , Cirsium arvense - c . Ameri
    netrate the substance . canus, Celastrus .
    Müller's researches have led him to infer, CEAR , Heart.
    that both in man and the horse , the nerves of CEASMA , Fissure.
    the corpora cavernosa are made up of branches CEBI GALLI'NÆ . The liver of the fowl,
    proceeding from the organic as well as the ani- bruised .--- Castelli.
    mal system , whilst the nerves of animal life CE BIP'ARA . A large Brazilian tree , whose
    alone provide the nerves of sensation of the bitter and astringent bark is used in making
    Penis . anti-rheumatic baths and fomentations.
    The Cor'pora CAVERNO'SA Clitor'idis, are CECES . See Quercus alba.
    two hollow crura , forming the clitoris . CECITE, Cæcitas .
    The Corpus CavernO'sum Vagi'ng , Plexus CEDAR , RED , Juniperus Virginiana.
    retiformis, is a substance, composed of blood- CEDEIA , Embalming.
    vessels and cells , similar to those of the penis CED'MATA , XEONUTU . Rheumatic pains of
    and clitoris, which covers the outer extremity the joints , especially of the hips. A form of
    of the vagina , on each side . It serves to con- gout or rheumatism .
    tract the entrance to the vagina,during coition . CEDRELEYUM , from xedoos, the cedar,'
    Sinus Caverno'sus, Sinus polymor'phus seu and shalov,oil. The oil of the cedar.-- Pliny.
    Receptaculum , S. sphenoidalis, ( F. ) Sinus cuver- CE'DRIA , Cédrium , Cé'di um , Cedri la
    neur . The Cavernous Si'nuses are venous ca- chryma, Alkitran. The oil or resin , which flows
    vities of the dura mater, filled with a multi- from the Cedar of Lebanon . It was supposed
    tude of reddish , soft filaments, intersecting to possess great virtues .-- Hippocr., Foësius,
    each other ; and,as it were, reticulated. They Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been
    commence behind the inner part of the sphe supposed to be the same as the pyroligneous
    noidal fissure , pass backwards, on the sides of acid . See Pinus Sylvestris.
    the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by opening CE'DRINUM VINUM , Cedar Wine. A
    into a cavity , common to the superior and in- wine, prepared by steeping half a pound of
    ferior petrosal sinuses. They receive some bruised cedar berries in six French pints of
    meningeal veins , the ophthalmic veins, &c. sweet wine diuretic and subastringent
    . It is .
    CAVIARE, Kaviac. A culinary preparation, CEDRI'TES, from xedpos, ' the cedar. A
    much used by certain people , and made on the wine , prepared from the resin of cedar and
    shores of the Black and Caspian Sea, from the sweet wine. It was formerly employed as a
    roe of the sturgeon , mixed with salt and other vermifuge, &c.
    condiments. CEDRIUM , Cedria .
    CAVIC'ULA or CAVIL'LA , from carus, CEDROMELA . See Citrus medica.
    hollow .' The Ancle, or space between the CEDRONELLA , Melissa . 1
    malleoli . Some have given this name to the CEDROS , Juniperus lycia.
    os cuneiforme. See Astragalus. CEDROSTIS , Bryonia alba .
    CAVICULÆ PEDIS NODUS , Tarsus . CEDRUS BACCÍFERA , Juniperus sabina .
    CAVILLA , Astragalus , Cavicula . CEINTURE , Cingulum , Herpes zoster - c.
    CAVITAS ANTŘOSA AURIS , Tympa. Dartreuse, Herpes zoster - c. de Hildane, Cin.
    num - c. Buccinata, Cochlea--c. Cochleata, mercuriale
    Cochlea .
    gulum Hildani
    .
    - c. de Vif Argent, Cingulum
    Cav'itas ELLIPTICA, Ampulla . A dilatation CELANDINE COMMON , Chelidonum ma
    at one end of the semicircular canals of the jus - c. lesser, Ranunculus ficaria.
    ear .
    1

    CELIAQUE, Celiac .
    Cavitas NARIUM , Nares, Cavitas Pulpæ, CELAS TRUS, Celastus, Ceano'thus Ameri
    see Tooth . ca'nus, New Jersey Tea . Used by the Ameri
    CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the can Indians, in the same manner as the Lobe
    brain --c. Duræ matris , Sinuses of the dura lia, for the cure of syphilis. It is slightly bit.
    mater -- c . Innominatæ , Auricles of the heart. ter and somewhat astringent.
    CAVITÉ, Cavity --с. Dentaire , Dental cavity CELATION, (F.) Concealment. A word
    --C. des Epiploons, see Peritoneum- c. du used by French medico -legal writers for cases
    Tympan , Tympanum . where there has been concealinent of preg.
    CÁVITY, Caritas, Cavum , Cælotes, Cælon , nancy or delivery .
    Cavea, Carer'na, Cara'tio, xorhotns, xoidov, (F.) CELE , xran , a ' tumour, protrusion , or rup
    Carité. Every thing hollow , as the cranium , ture ;' a very common suffix, as in Hydrocele,
    mouth , nasal fossæ , & c . Bubonocele , & c . , see Hernia .
    The SPLANCH'Nic Cav'ities, (F.) Cavités CEL'ERY , ( F. ) Celeri. The English
    splanchniques, are those which contain the vis- for a variety of the Apium grareolens, (q . name
    v. )
    cera. They are three in number ;-- the crani
    um , chest, and abdomen. The cavities of bones, (q.CE’LIS, xr;àrs, ' a spot , a stain .' A macula
    v.) or spot on the skin.
    connected with joints or otherwise , are de CELL , Calcig''erous, see Tooth- c . germi
    scribed under their particular denominations. nal, see Cytoblast.
    CAVUM , Cavity . CELLA TURCICA , Sella Turcica.
    Cavum CRANII, Venter Supre'mus. The ca CELLULÆ BRONCHICÆ . See Cellule .
    vity formed by the proper bones of the cranium .
    CEL'LULAR , Cellula'ris, ( F.) Cellulaire.
    Čavum NARIUM, Nares -- c. Oris, Mouth--c . Composed of cells or cellules, from cella or ceľ
    Tympani, Tympanum . lula , a cell . '
    CAYAN , Phaseolus creticus . The CEL'LULAR Tissue , Tela cellularis, T.
    CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. cellulo'sa ; reticula'ted , filamentous, laminated,

    1
    CELLULE 141 CENTIGRAMME

    cril'riform , porous, are'olar, and mucous T'issue, CENDRES GRAVELÉES, see Potash — c. de
    Retic'ular or cellular substance, Contextus cel- Sarment, see Potash .
    lulo'sus, ( F. ) Tissu cellulaire, réticulé, lami- CENDRÉ , Cineritious .
    neur , cribleux, poreux, aréolaire, muqueur, & c ., CENEANGI'A , from zeros, empty ,' and
    is the most common of all the organic tissues. ayyelor, ' a vessel.' Inanition . Empty state of
    Anatomists do not agree,regarding its intimate vessels.--Galen.
    CENEMBATE'SIS , from zeros, empty ,'
    structure . It seems to contain cellules or irre .
    gular areolæ between the fibres and plates ; as and außarvw , I enter. Paracentesis, (q . v . )
    well as serum , fat, and the adipous tissue. The Also, the act of probing a wound or cavity, Me
    cellular tissue or texture unites every part of lo'sis.
    the body, the shape of which it determines; CENEONES , Flanks.
    and, byits elasticity and contractility, and by CENIGDAM , Ceniptam .
    the fluid , which it contains in its cells, facili. CENIGOTAM , Ceniplam .
    tates the motion of parts on each other. CENIPLAM , Cenigdam , Cenigotam , Cenipo
    The cellular tissue has been divided by ana- lam . The name of an instruinent, anciently
    tomists into the external, general or common used for opening the head in epilepsy . — Pa
    cellular tissue - tertus cellularis intermedius seu racel .
    lauus, which does not penetrate the organs , CENIPOTAM , Ceniplam .
    the cellular texture which forms the envelopes CENOʻSIS, from xxvos, empty . ' Ine'sis,
    of organs - textus cellularis strictus , and that Ind'thmos. Eracuation . It is sometimes em
    which penetrates into the organs, accompanying ployed synonymously with inanition , (q. v.)
    and enveloping all their parts,—the textus cellu- and opposed to repletion . Erinani'tio.
    laris stipatus . CENOTICA, from zerwois , ' evacuation . '
    Constituting the basis of all the organs, it Diseases affecting the fluids. Morbid dis
    has likewise been termed Textus organicus seu charges or excess, deficiency or irregularity of
    parenchymalis. such as are natural . The first order, class
    The CEL'Lolar System , is the whole of the Genetica, of Good ; also , Drastics , (q . v .)
    cellular tissue of the human body. CENTAU'REA BEHEN , Behen abiad, Be
    The CEL'LULAR MEMBRANE, Membra'na cel- hen album or White Behen. Ord. Gentianeæ .
    lulo'sa , M. Cellularis, Pannic'ulus adipo'sus ,- Astringent.
    M. adipo'sa ,pinguedino'sa, of some, -is mem . Centau'rEA BENEDICTA , Carduus benedice
    brane formed of cellular tissue , (F.) Membrane tus, Cnicus sylvestris, Cnicus benedictus, Car.
    cellulaire. Generally , it is used for the tissue diobot'anum , Blessed or Holy Thistle, (F.) Char
    itself. don bénit . Fam. Cynarocephaleæ. Sex. Syst.
    Cellular TISSUE OF Bones . See Cancelli. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong
    CEL'LULE , Cellula, diminutive of cella , ' a decoction of the herb is emetic :-a strong in
    cavity . ' A small cavity, ( F. ) Cellule. Cellules fusion , diaphoretic (? ) ; a light infusion , tonic
    are the small cavities between the laminæ of and stomachic . Dose, gr. xv to 3j of powder.
    the cellular tissue , corpora cavernosa , &c. CENTAU'REA Calcitra'PA , Calcitra'pa, Cal
    The term Bronchic Cells, Cellula Bron- catreppola, Carduus solstitia'lis, Car'duus stella
    chica, has been given to the air-cells of the lungs, tus, Jacea ramosis'sima, Cacotrib/ulus, Calci
    -the vesic'ulapulmona'les. trappa stella'ta, Stella'ta rupi'na, Centau'rea
    CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial stella'ta, Common Star-Thistle, Star-Knapweed,
    cells . ( F.) Centaurée étoilée, Chardon éloilé , Chausse
    CELOSO'MUS , from xnan , ' a Rupture , ' and trappe , Pignerole. It is possessed of tonic pro
    oona, ' body.' A monster in which the trunk perties , and has been given in intermittents,
    is malformed ,and eventration or displacement dyspepsia , & c. It is now not much used.
    of the viscera exists. CENTAU'REA CESTAU'RIUM, Rhapon'ticum
    CELOTOMIA , Keloto'mia , from xnan, ' a tu- vulga'rē , Centaurium magnum , Centau'rium
    mour,' and TeuVELV, to cut.' An operation , majus, Greater Cen'taury, Centau'rium offici
    formerly employed for the radical cure of in - na'le, (F.) Centaurée grande. It is a bitter;
    guinal hernia ; and which consisted, princi- and was formerly used as a tonic, especially
    pally , in passing a ligature round the hernial the root.
    sac and spermatic vessels. It necessarily oc . CENTAU'REA CY'ANUS , Cyanus, Blue-bottle,
    casioned atrophy and loss of the testicle ; and Corn- flower, (F.) Blavelle, Blacéole, Blaverolle.
    did not secure the patient against the re . The flowers were once much used as cordial ,
    turn of the disease . The intestines were oftonic, & c . They are now forgotten.
    course not included in the ligature . See Cas- CENTAUREA STELLATA, Centaurea calci .
    tration . trapa.
    CELSA . A term , used by Paracelsus for a CENTAURÉE ÉTOILÉE , Centaurea calci .
    cutaneous disease ,dependent,according to him , trapa - c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium - c .
    on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, petite, Chironia centaurium .
    concealed under the integuments, and endea CENTAURIUM MAGNUM , Centaurea
    vouring to escape. Perhaps the disease was centaurium - c. Minus vulgare , Chironia cen
    the Urticaria. (? ) taurium- c . Officinale, Centaurea centaurium- .
    CELSUS, METHOD OF. See Lithotomy . -c . Parvum , Chironia centaurium .
    CEMBRO NUTS . See Pinus cembra . CENTAURY, American , Chironia angularis
    CEMENTERIUM , Crucible . -c . Greater, Centaurea centaurium-c . Lesser,
    CEMENTUM , see Tooth . Chironia centaurium .
    CENCHRON , Panicum miliaceum . CENTESIS , Paracentesis .
    CENDRE DU LEVANT, Soda. CEN TIGRAMME, ( F. ) from centum , ' a
    CENTILITRE 142 CEPHALIC

    hundred ,' and yoanna, ' gramme.' Centigram'- | CENTROMYRINE , Ruscus.


    ma . The hundredth part of a gramme. A CENTRUM COMMUNE , Solar plexus-C .
    centigramme is equal to about the fifth partof a Nerveum , Centre, phrenic--c . Tendinosum ,
    grain , ( F.) gr. .1544, Troy . Centre , phrenic.
    CENTILITRE , Centili'trum , from centum, CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre.
    ' a hundred ,' and autoa, litre,' an ancient CENTUM NODIA , Polygonum aviculare.
    i Greek measure for liquids : --the hundredth CEPA ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus ,
    part of a litre - equal to nearly ten grammes or Echalotte.
    a spoonful. 2.7053 fluidrams. CEPÆA , Veronica beccabunga.
    CENTIMÈTRE, Centim'etrum . The hun- CEPHÆLIS IPECACUANHA , Ipecacu
    dredth part of a metre - equal to about four anha.
    lines . 39.37 English Inch . CEPHALÆA, Headache, ( F.) Céphalée.
    CENTIMORBIA , Lysimachia nummularia. Some use the term synonymously with Ce
    CENTINERVIA , Plantago. phalalgia. Others, for a periodical headache :
    CENTINODE , Polygonum aviculare . others , again , for a more violent headache than
    CENTINODIA , Polygonum aviculare. Cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic
    CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen . headache.
    CENTRAL AR'TERY OF THE RET'- The Cephalda spasmod'ica, Cephalalgia
    INA, Arte'ria Centra'lis Retina . Central Arte spasmod'ica or Sick -headache, is characterized
    ty of Zinn. This artery is given off from the by partial, spasmodic pain ; often shifting from
    arteria ophthalmica, and penetrates the optic one part of the head to another: chiefly com
    nerve a little behind the ball of the eye ; run- mencing in the morning , with sickness and
    ning in the axis of the nerve, and spreading faintness. It is extremely apt to recur, not
    out into many small branches upon the inside withstanding every care .
    of the retina. When the nerve is cut across CEPHALEA HEMICRANIA, Hemicrania - c.
    near the eye, the orifice of the divided artery pulsatilis, Crotaphe.
    is observable, which was formerly called Porus CEPHALÆMA head ,'
    TOʻMA, from x &vain, '
    op'licus. and dira, blood .' Absces'sus Cap'itis san
    CENTRE OF ACTION . The viscus in gran'eus nconato'rum , Cephalophyma. A san .
    which the whole or a great part of any func- guineous tumour, sometimes developed be
    tion is executed , and to which several other tween the pericranium and the bones of the
    organs contribute. Thus , the vital activity head of new -born children . Similar tumours
    seems to be wholly centred in the stomach , are met with occasionally above other bones,
    during chymification ; in the duodenum , du. and at allperiods of existence.
    ring chylification. In like manner, the uterus CEPHALAGRA, from xeqal , ' the head ,'
    becomes a centre of action during gestation . and ayoa , ó seizure .' Gout in the head .
    CENTRE OF Fluxion . The part towards CEPHALAGRA'PHIA , from xevain , ' the
    which fluids are particularly attracted. An head ,' and yoaon,' a description . An anato
    irritated organ is said to be a centre of Auxion . mical description of the head.
    CENTRE OF SYMPATHET'Ic IRRADIA'TIONS , CEPHALAL'GIA , Cephalopo nia , Homono
    ( F.) Centre d'irradiations sympathiques.Any pa'gia , from require the head, and anyos,
    organ , which excites, sympathetically, the ac- ' pain ,' Encephalalgia, Pain in the head ; head
    tion of other organs, more or less distant from ache , ( F.) Céphalalgie, Mal à tête. Every kind
    it ; and with which it seems to have no imme- of headache, whether symptomatic or idiopa
    diate communication . — Marjolin. thic, is a cephalalgia. It is ordinarily sympt
    CENTRE, Epigas'Tric. The ganglions and matic, and has to be treated accordingly.
    nervous plexuses , formed by the great sympa . CEPHALALGIA CONTAGIOSA , Influenza - c . In
    thetic and pneumogastric nerves, in the epi- flammatoria, Phrenitis – c. Pulsatilis , Crotaphe
    gastriuin , around the cæliac artery ; where the —c. Spasmodica, See Cephalæa.
    impressions received from various parts of the ,from xaqaan , ' the head ,
    CEPHALALO'GIA
    body seem to be centred . and 2070s , ' a discourse .' An anatomical dis
    CENTRE, NERVOUS or Nervous Centres , sertation on the head .
    ( F.) Centres nerveur . The organs , whence the CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies.
    nerves originate ; as the brain and spinal mar. CEPHALATO'MIA, Cephalotomia , from
    row . meqahn , ' the head ,' and tenteiv, ' to cut.' Ana
    CENTRE, Oval , Centrum ova'lē, C. 0. Vicus- tomy or dissection or opening of the head .
    se'nii, Tegmen'tum ventriculo'rum cerebri . CEPHALE , Head.
    When the two hemispheres of the brain are CEPHAL'IC, Cephalicus, Capita'lis, from
    sliced away, till on a level with the corpus 289ain, the head . ' (F.) Céphalique. Relating
    callosum , the medullary part is of an oval to the head .
    shape : hence called centrum ova'le. Vieus- The CEPHAL'IC Vein , Vena Cephal'ica, l'ena
    sens supposed all the medullary fibres to issue Cap'itis, (F.) Veine céphalique, Veine radiale
    from that point, and that it was the greal dis- cutanée of Chaussier. The great superficial
    pensatory of the unimal spirits. vein at the outer part of the arm and forearm .
    CENTRE , PHRENIC , or Ten'dinous Centre of It begins on the back of the hand , by a number
    the Di'aphragm, Centrum Phren'icum , C. Ner- of radicles, which unite into a single trunk ,
    reum, or c . Tendino'sum , ( F.) Centre phré- called the Cephalic of the Thumb, Cephatice
    nique ou C. tendineur du Diaphragme. The Pol'licis, (F.) Veine céphalique du pouce. It
    central aponeurosis of the diaphragm . ascends along the anterior and outer part of
    CENTRE , TENDINOUS OF THE DIAPHRAGM, the forearm , where it forms the superficial ra.
    ( entre phrenic. dial. At the fold of the elbow it receives the
    CEPHALIDIUM 143 CERATE

    median cephalic, ascends along the outer edge some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myrica ce
    of the biceps , and opens into the axillary vein. rif'era. Its' colour is yellow , and smell like
    The name , Cephalic, was given to it by the that of honey , but both are lost by bleaching.
    ancients, because they thought it had some It is demulcent and emollient : is sometimes
    connexion with the head, and that blood -let. given in the form of emulsion , in diarrhea and
    ting must be performed in this vein, in head dysentery, but is chiefly used in cerates and
    affections. ointments.
    Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine CERÆ'Æ , from repas , " a horn,' xegarai.
    céphalique, and the primary or common caro- The Cor’nua of the U'terus. (q. v .) — Rufus of
    tid , Artère céphalique. Ephesus.
    CEPHAL'IC REM'EDIES, Cephalica vel Capi- CERAM'ICE, CERAMI'TIS. A sort of
    ta'lia reme'dia, are remedies capable of reliev- earth , used as a Cataplasm in peripneumony.
    ing affections of the head, especially head . Hippocr.
    ache : – Cephalar'tica . CERAMIUM, Amphora.
    CEPHALIDIUM . See Caput. CERAMNIUM , Amphora.
    CEPHALI'NE , xeqadirn . The base or root CERAMURIA . See Urine.
    of the tongue. - Gorræus. CERANTHEMUS , Propolis.
    CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis . CERAS, xepas , 'genitive,' nepatos, horn ,'
    CEPHALIUM . See Caput. ( Cornu q . v .) also , the Cornea (q. v.) Hence
    CEPHALOM'ETER, Cephalom'etrum , from Ceratectomia , Ceratocele, &c.
    xepain , ' the head , ' and Metpov, ' measure . ' An CERASION. See Prunus cerasus .
    instrument for measuring the different dimen- CERASMA , xapaona , from κεράννυμι , to
    sions of the fætal head, during the process of mix : something mixed. A mixture of hot and
    accouchement. A kind of forceps. cold water. Metacerasma . - Gorræus.
    CEPHALONÄOSUS, from xeyaan , ' the head ,' CERASUM . See Prunus cerasus,
    and vooos , disease .' This term has been ap- CERASUS AVIUM, Prunus avium - c . Lau
    plied to the Febris Hungar/ica , in which the rocerasus, Prunus laurocerasus- c. Padus, Pru.
    head was much affected. See Fever, Hunga- nus Padus — c. Racemosus Sylvestris, Prunus
    ric. Others have so called ,many cerebral dis- padus.
    ease or fever. CÉRAT BLANC OU DE GALIEN , Ceratum
    CEPH'ALO-PHARYNGÆUS, from zeqahn, Galeni-c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum ceta
    the head,'and gapuys, the pharynx:' belong- cei-c. de Goulard , Ceratum plumbi — c. pour
    ing to the head and pharynx. Winslow has les lèvres, Cerate for the lips — c. de Plomb com
    given this name to the portion of the constrictor posé, Ceratum plumbi compositum - c. de Saron ,
    pharyngis superior, (q. v.) which is attached, Ceratum Saponis — c de Suracétate de plomb,
    above, to the inferior surface of the basilary Ceratum plumbi superacetatis.
    process of the os occipitis. The Ceph'alo- pha- CE'RATE , Cera'tum, from κηρας , ( wax . '
    rynge'al Aponeuro'sis is a thin , fibrous mem- Cerelæum , Cero'ma, Cero'nium , Cerotum , Ce
    brane, which is attached to the basilary pro- ratomalagʻma, (F.) Cérat. A composition of
    cess, and gives insertion to fibres of the con- wax , oil, or lard , with or without other ingre
    dients .
    striclor superior pharyngis.
    CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalæmatoma. CERATE , Simple Cerate, Cera'tum , Cera'.
    CEPHALOPONIA , Cephalalgia. tum simplex, P. L. (F.) Cérat simple. ( Yellow
    war zivt, toolive
    CEPH'ALO -SPINÁL, Cephalo-spina'lis. Be emollien oil Ziv.) It is applied as an
    excoriations, &c .
    longing to the head and spine .
    The CEPH'Alo-SPINAL Fluid , is an exhaled CERATE OF CAL'AMINE, Cera'tum Calami'na,
    fluid, which is found between the encephalon C. Carbona'tis zinci impu'ri, Cera'tum lap'idis
    and pia mater; and which seems to have a Calamina'ris, Cera'tum epulot'icum , Turner's
    protecting office, and to keep up a certain de Cerate, Healing Sulde, (F.) Cérat de Pierre
    gree of pressure on the organ ,-at least in the Calaminaire, C. de Calamine. ( Olive oil lbj.
    spinal canal . yellow wax lbss ; melt, cool,and ,when it begins
    CEPHALOTRIBE, (F. ) An instrument in- to set, stir in calamine Ibss. )
    vented by Baudelocque, the nephew , for crush- CERATE OF CANTHAR'IDES, Cera'tum Can
    ing the head of the fætus in utero , from xeqaan , thar'idis, Blister Ointment , Ointment of Spanish
    • the head ,' and toßw , 'I bruise.' It consists Flics, Ungucn'tum ad resicato'ria, Unguen'tum
    of a strong forceps, the blades of which are Pulveris Mel'oes vesicatorii, Ung. epispas'ti
    solid : 16 lines broad, and 3 thick . The handles cum fortius, Cera'tum Lytte, (F. ) Cérat de
    are perforated at their extremity to receive a Cantharides. ( Spermaceti cerate zvj , cantha
    screw with three threads , the direction of which rides in powder . 3j. The cerate being soften
    is very oblique, so as to allow great rapidity of ed by heat, stir in the flies.) It is used to keep
    rotation , and the screw is moved by a winch 6 open blisters, issues, &c. See Unguentum
    inches long , to increase the force of the pres. Lyttæ .
    sure . The bones of the head are easily crushed CERATE , KIRKLand's Neutral. ( Diachyl.
    by it. Zviij, olive oil ziv, prepared chalk ziv : when
    CEPHALOTRYPESIS , Trepanning. nearly cool, add Acet. dist. Ziv, plumb. supera
    CEPHALOXIA , Torticollis . cet ziij.) A cooling emollient.
    CEPULLA , Allium cepa. CERATE OR POMMA'TUM FOR THE Lips, Ce
    CER , Heart. ra'tum labia'la rubrum , Pomma'lum ad labia
    CERA FLAVA et ALBA , xros, Yellow and demulcen'da. Ph . P. ( F.) Cérat ou pommade
    White Wax, (F. ) Cire Jaune et Blanche. An pour les lèvres , (Wax 9 parts; oil 16 parts ;
    animal substance, prepared by the bee, and by coloured with alkanet.)
    CERATECTOMIA 144 CERATUM SABINÆ

    CERATE, LEAD, COMPOUND , Ceratum plumbi pus


    &c.
    effused in the eye, in case of hypopyon ,
    compositum .
    CERATE , MARSHALL's. (Palm oil zvi, calo CERATOT'OMUS , Keratotomus, Kırat'o
    mel 5j , sugar of lead Zss , ointment of nitrate of MUS; fromκεράς , cornea ,' and TENTENT', ' to
    mercury 3ij.) cut . A name given by Wenzel to his knife
    CERATE, Savine , Ceratum sabina - c. Soap , for dividing the transparent cornea, in the
    Ceratum saponis — c . Spermaceti, Ceratum ce - operation for cataract. “Many modifications of
    tacei - c . of Superacetate or Sugar of lead , Ce the instrument have been made since Wenzel's
    ratum plumbi superacetatis —c . Turner's, Ce- time. See Knife ,cataract.
    rate of calamine.
    CERATECTOMIA , from nepas, ' the cor CERATUM ALBUM , Ceratum cetacei , Ce
    nea , ' and extouos , .cut out.' An incision ratum Galeni- c . de Althæa, Unguentum de
    through the cornea . See Ceratotomia . Althæa - c.de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi sub
    carbonatis .
    CERATI’TIS, from repuş, ' the cornea,' and CERA'TUM CETA'cei, Cera'tum spermaccti,
    itis, inflammation . Inflammation of the cor. Cera'tum album , Cera'tum simpler , C. Ceti,
    nea, Ceratodei'tis, Ceratomeningi'tis. See Cor. Unguen'tum adipocera ceto'rum , Linimen'tum
    neitis.
    CERATIA , Ceratonium siliqua. album , Emplas'irum Sperm'atis Ceti, Sperma
    CERATION , Siliqua. ceti Cerate, (F.) Cérat de blanc de baleine.
    CERATIUM , Ceratonium siliqua. (Spermaceti ziv , white war zij , olive oil Ziv.)
    À good emoillent to ulcers , & c.
    CER'ATO, in composition , in the names of CERATUM CETI , Ceratum cetacei - c . Cicutæ ,
    muscles , is used for the cornua of the os hy. Ceratum conii - c. Citrinum , Ceratum resine.
    oides ; -as Cerato - glossus. CERA'TUM Coni'i, Cera'tum Cicu'læ . ( Ung.
    CER'ATOCELĒ , Aquulu , Ura'tio, Hernia conii ibj,cetacei Zij, ceræ alba ziij . ) A formula
    Corneæ , Cerotodeoce'lē, from repas , horn ,' and in Bartholomew's Hospital : occasionally ap
    anan , " tumour.' A protrusion of the transpa- plied to cancerous,scrofulous sores, &c.
    rent cornea , or rather of the membrane of the
    aqueous humour through an opening in the CERATUM EPULOTICUM, Cerate of calamine.
    cornea .
    CERA'TUM GALE'ni, Cera'tum album , C. re
    frige'rans Galeni , Unguen'tum cera'tum , U.
    CERATODEITIS , Ceratitis. amygdali'num , U. simplex , Emplas'trum ad
    CERATODEOCELE , Ceratocele . fontic'ulos, Oleo -ceratum aquâ subactum , Cold
    CERATOGLOS'SUS or KERATOGLOS'.
    SUS, from nepas, horn ,' and yawora , ' the Cream
    wax 4 , parts
    (F. ) Cérat blanc ou de GALIEN . (White
    ; oil of sweet almonds 16 parts;
    tongue.' A muscle , extending from the great add, when melted , water or rosc-water 12 parts.
    cornu of the os hyoides to the base of the Ph.'P .) A mild application to chaps, & c.
    tongue. It is a part of the hyoglossus. (q. v .) CERATUM LABIALE Rubrum , Cerate for the
    CERATOIDES, Cornea. lips - c. Lapidis calaminaris, Cerate of cala
    CERATO -MALAGMA , Cerate .
    CERATO -MENINGITIS , Ceratitis . mine -- c. Lithargyri acetati compositum , Cera .
    CER'ATO -PHARYNGE'US or KER'A tum plumbi compositum - c. Lyttæ , Cerate of
    cantharides - c. Mercuriale, Unguentum
    TOPHARYNGE'US, from zegas, a horn , drargyri - c. Picatum , Pisselæum . hy.
    and gapuys, the pharynx .' The great and Cena'tum PlumBI SUPERACETA'Tis, Unguen '.
    small' Cer'ato-pharynge'i are small fleshy bun . Itum Cerus'se Aceta'te, Cerate of superacetate
    dles, forming part of the Hypopharyngeus of or Sugar of Lead, Ceratum Plumbi Acetatis,
    Winslow .
    CERATO -STAPHYLI'NUS or KER'A cétate Unguentum Acetatis Plumbi. ( F.) Cérat de sura
    TO -STAPHYLINUS, de Plomb. (Acetate of lead zij , white war
    from mapas , horn ,
    ' and
    orayvan, theuvula. Some fleshy fibres of 3ij, olive oilbss.) Cooling and astringent.
    the Thyro - Staphylinus of Winslow. CERATUM PLUMBI Compos'itum , Cera'tum
    Lithar'gyri Aceta'ti Compos'itum , Goulard's
    CERATO'NIA SIL'IQUA, The Carob Tree. Ointment, Cera'tum subaceta'ti plumbi medica'.
    Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Siliqua dulcis, Caro'ba Al- lum , Cerd'tum Saturni,Compound Lead Cerate.
    nabali, the Sweetpod, (F.) Caroubier. ( Fruit, ( F.) Cérat deGoulard ,C.de Plombcomposé.( Liq.
    Curouge.) This — the fruit of the Ceratonia plumb,acet.Ziiss,cera flare;ziv,ol.oliv.zix,cam
    siliqua — is mucilaginous,inandemployed where phora zss.) Its virtues are the same as the last.
    mucilages are indicated, decoction. CERATUM REFRIGERANS GALENI , Ceratum
    CERATONYX'IS or KERATONYX'IS , Galeni .
    from mapas , the cornea ,' and rugow , ' I punc- CERA'TUM RESI'NÆ , C. Resi'næ flare , C. cit'.
    ture.' Àn operation by which the crystalline rinum, Unguen'tum basil'icon flavum ,Ung. Resi'
    is depressed by means of a needle introduced nafluræ , Ung. Resino'sum , Resin Cerate or
    into the eye through the cornea . Some divide Ointment, Yellow Basilicon . "(Resin . flav., Cere
    the crystall
    ine s stimulating appli
    into fragment with the needle, fluv., āāihj, ol. olit. lbj.) ADige
    and leave them to the action of the absorbents. cation to old ulcers, & c. stive.
    The operation is as old as the 17th century . Dr, SMELLOME's Ointment for the Eyes con
    CERATOPLASTICĒ , from menaç, the sists of finely powdered verdigris zss, rubbed
    cornea ,' and naO1Xoş, “ forming, formative. with oil , and then mixed with an ounce of cera
    The operation for the formation of an artificial tum resina .
    cornea . It has not been practised on man . Cera'tum Sabi'NÆ , Unguent. Sabine, Sarine
    CERATOTOMIA , Ceratectomia ,from zeqas, Cerate, (F.) Cérut de Sabine. (Fresh Sarine
    horn ,' ' cornea,' and TENTELT', ' to cut . ' Section leaves, bruised, ibj, yellow wax lbss, hog's lard
    of the transparent cornea . This incision is used tbij .) Irritative, drawing. ' Used in the same
    in the operation for cataract : to give exit to ' cases as the cerate of cantharides.
    CERAUNION 145 CEREBRUM

    CERATUM SAPONIS. Soap Cerate, (F.) Cératfoften accompanied with irritation of the genital
    de Savon. ( Hard Soap 3viij, yellow war,Zx, organs, as erection , & c.
    semiditrcousoxideof leúd ihj, olive oil lbj, vinegar CEREBEL'LUM . Diminutive of Cer'ebrum ,
    I gallon. Boil together the vinegar and oxide C. pardum , Appen 'dir ad cerebrum, Cerebrumi
    of lead ,over a slow fire, stirring constantly till poste'rius, Encru 'nion , Encra'nis, Epenera'nis,
    they combine : add the soap, and boil again Parenceph'alis, the Little brain . ( F.) Cervelet.
    until the water be evaporated : then mix in the A portion of the medullary mass, contained in
    oil and wax previously melted .) It is applied the cavity of the cranium. It fills the lower
    in cases of sprains or fractures. occipital fossa , below the tentorium , and em
    CERATUM SATURNI, Ceratum plumbi com. braces the tuber annulare and medulla. It is
    positum - c. Simplex , Ceratum cetacei - c .Sper composed, like the brain , of cortical and medul.
    maceti, Ceratum cetacei - c. Subacetati plumbi lary substance, arranged in lamine, as it were ,
    medicatum , Ceratum plumbi compositum -c . so that, when a section is made of it, it has an
    Tetrapharınacum , Pisselæum - c. Carbonatis arborescent appearance ,called Arbor vite. The
    zinci impuri, Cerate of calamine. cerebellum is divided into two loves or hernis
    CERAU'NION , from xequvvos , ' thunder,' ' a pheres, or lateral masses , and each lobe is again
    thunderbolt.' Lapis fulmineus. A kind of stone , subdivided into Monticuli or Lobules. In the
    which was believed to be formed during thun. cerebellum are to be observed the Crura cere
    der ; and to be possessed of the power of indu-belli, the fourth ventricle, the ralvula magna
    cing sleep, and numerousother prophylactic vir-cerebri, the processus vermiculares, superior and
    tues. It was rubbed on the knee, breast, &c . inferior , & c .
    in swellings of those parts.-- A . Chiocci. CER’ÉBRAL , Cerebra'lis, from cerebrum , the
    CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini . brain . ' Belonging to the brain , and similar to
    CERCIS , Pilum , Radius. the brain . (F.) Cérébral.
    CERCA'RIA . A genus of a gastric ,infusory CEREBRAL APOPHysis, Pineal gland .
    animalcules, one of the most curious of which The CEREBRAL AR'TERIES are three on each
    inhabits the tartar of the teeth . The sperma- side :-- the anterior or artery of thecorpus cal
    tozoa are presumed by some to belong to this losum , and the middle, Arte'ria Sylvia'na, are
    genus. furnished by the internal carotid : the posterior
    CERCANOS, Cerchnus, from xepxvew . I or posterior and inferior artery of the brain, A.
    render hoarse .' A rough voice produced by profunda cerebri, arises from the vertebral.
    hoarseness. See Rattle . Chaussier calls these arteries lobaires, because
    CER'CIS , x8Qx15. A sort of pestle for redu- they correspond with the anterior, middle, and
    cing substances to powder. Also, the radius or posterior lobes, whilst he calls the trunks ,
    small bone of the arm . See Pilum and Radius . whence they originate, cerebral.
    CERCLE , Circulus-c. de la Choroide, Cili- The CEREBRAL NERVES are those which arise
    ary ligament - c. Ciliaire, Ciliary ligament, within the cranium , all of which , perhaps, with
    CERCOʻSIS , from xxoxos, " a taill" Men'tula the exception of the olfactory , arise from the
    mulie'bris, the ' Clit'oris. Some authors have medulla oblongata. See Nerves.
    employed the word synonymously with Nym. In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral,
    phomania and elongation of the clitoris, and which specially occupies the brain . Fikrré
    with Polypus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'sis of cérébrale, Cerebral fecer, is a variety in which
    Sauvages . the head is much affected .
    Cercusis Externa , Clitorism . CEREBRIFORM , Encephaloid .
    CEREA , Cerumen . CER'EBRUM . The brain . ( F.) Cerveau,
    CEREA’LIA , from Ceres ,'goddess of corn ,' Cervelle. This term is sometimes applied to
    ( F. ) Céréales (Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- the whole of the contents of the cranium : at
    mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the others , to the upper portion ;-the posterior and
    nourishment of man; -as wheat, barley, rye , inferior being called cerebellum . ' The brain ,
    &c. At times, the saine term is applied to some properly so called, extends froin the os frontis
    plants.
    the leguminous URINA.
    ofCEREBEL'LA to the superior occipital fossæ . Anteriorly , it
    Urine of a whitish rests on the orbitar vaults : behind this, on the
    appearance of the colour of the brain , from middle fosse of the base of the cranium ; and ,
    which Paracelsus thought he could distinguish posteriorly, on the tentorium cerebello superer
    diseases of that organ . iensum . The upper surface is divided by a deep
    CEREBELLI'TIS. Inflammation of the median cleft (Scissure interlobaire ,—Ch .) into
    cerebellum : a variety of Phrenitis or Ence- two halves, called hemispheres, which are united
    phalitis . at the base by the corpus callosum . At its sur
    CEREBEL'LOUS, Ctrebello'sus,from cerebel- face are numerous convolutions. The inferior
    lum , ' the little brain .' ( F.) Cérébelleux. Chaus- surface exhibits, from before to bebind, three
    sier has given this name to the vessels of the lobes, distinguished into anterior, middle and
    cerebellum . These are three in number : two posterior. The middle is separated from the
    of which are inferior : the larger,Inferior Cere: anterior, by the fissure of Sylvius; and from
    belli, which arises from the posterior cerebral the posterior, by a shallow furrow which cor
    or vertebral ; and the smaller, whose existence responds to the upper portion of the pars pe
    is not constant, from the meso -cephalic or trosa. Internally,the brain has, on the median
    basilary : - the third , called, A. cérébelleuse su- line , the corpus callosum ,septum lucidum , fornir ,
    périeure ( superior cerebelli ), is also a branch of pineal gland, and third ventricle :-- and, lateral
    cor
    the basilary: ly, the lateral ventricles, in which are the
    CEREBEL'LOUS AP'UPLEXY , Apopler'ia cere- pora striata , optic thalami, & c .
    bellu'su : apoplexy of the cerebellum . It is The brain is contained in a triple envelope.
    19
    CEREBRUM ABDOMINALE 146 CERUSSEA URINA

    ( See Meninges.) Its texture is pulpy, and CEREVISIA, Zythos, tv90s , Liquor Cer'eris,
    varies according to age. Two substances may Vinum hordea 'ceum , Barley Wine , Bira, Bryton ,
    be distinguished in it-the medullary, and cor- Boutov, from CERES, ' corn ;' whence it is made.
    tical or cineritious. The former is white ; and Ale, Beer , Porter, (F.) Bière , Cerroise. These
    occupies all the interior and base of the brain fluids are drunk' by the inhabitants of many
    The latter is grayish and softer. It is situate countries, habitually , and in Great Britain
    particularly at the surface of the organ . more than in others. They are nourishing, but
    The brain receives several arterial vessels , not very easy of digestion. The old dispensa
    furnished by the internal carotid and vertebral. tories contain numerous medicated Ales, which
    Its veins end in the sinuses. It is the material are no longer in use .
    organ of thought: -of the mental and moral CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium - c. Musqué,
    manifestations . Chærophyllum odoratum - c. Sauvage, Chæro
    According to M. Gall , each part is the special phylluin sylvestre.
    seat of one of those faculties, and the brain and CERION, Favus, Porrigo favosa .
    cerebellum , inclusive , are called by him “ the CERISIER, Prunuscerasus - c. à Grappes,
    nervous system of the mental faculties." Prunus padus—c. de Virginie, Prunus Virgi
    The following Table , from Haller and Cuvier, niana .
    exhibits the proportion between the mass of the CERNIN , SAINT , WATERS OF. St. C. is
    brain and that of the body in man and in animals. a parish in the diocess of St. Flour, Upper Au
    vergne, France. The water is a chaly beate. It
    A child of 6 years (HaLLER) is called Eau du Cambon .
    Ib. 2 , oz 3 1-2.
    Adult (HALLER )
    } 1-22
    1-35 CERNOS, Capistrum .
    (From Ib . 2,3 oz. to lb. 3,3 3.4 oz. CEROE'NE, CEROU'NĒ, or CIROUENE,
    SOEMMERING . )
    Gibbon ( Simia .) 1-48 Ceroe'num , from xycos ,' wax ,' and ouros , ' wine .'
    Sapajou ' from 1-41 to 1.22 A plaster, composed of yellow war, mutton suet ,
    Аре from 1-48 to 1-24 pitch, Burgundy pitch, Bole Armeniac, Thus, and
    Baboon from 1-104 to 1-86
    wine. It was used as a strengthening plaster.
    Leinur from 1-84 to 1-61 Sometimes it contained neither wax nor wine .
    Bat
    Mole
    ( Vespertilio Noctula ) 1-96
    CEROMA , Cerate .
    1-36
    Bear 1-205 CEROMANTI'A , from xnpos , ' wax , ' and
    Hedgehog 1-168
    Marteia, divination .' The art of foreielling
    Fox 1 205
    Wolf 1-230 the future, from the figures which melted wax
    Beaver
    Hare
    1-290 assumes, when suffered to drop on the surface
    1-228 of water .
    . Rabbit 1-140 to 1 - 152 CERONIUM , Cerate .
    Rat 1-76
    臺1 Mouse 1-43 CEROPIS'SUS , from xnpos , ' wax ,' and tricoa,
    Wild Boar 1-672 ' pitch .' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch
    Domestic , do . 1-512 to 1.412 and wax .
    Elephant
    Slag
    (7 or lb. 10) 1-500
    CEROS , Cera .
    1-290
    Roebuck ( young ) 1-91 CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis.
    Sheep 1.351 to 1.192 CEROTUM , Cerate.
    Ox 1-750 to 1-860 CEROXYLON . See Cera flava et alba.
    Calf 1.219
    Horse 1-700 to 1-400 CERUA, Ricinis communis .
    Ass 1-154 CERU'MEN , from cera , wax .' Ceru'men
    Dolphin 1-25, 1-36, 1-60, 1.102 Au'rium , Cerea, Au'rium Sordes, Marmora'ta
    Eagle 1-260 Au'rium , Cyp'selē, Ceru'minous Humor, Cyp'.
    Goose 1-360
    Cock 1-25 selis, Fu'gile, (F.) Cire des Oreilles. A name
    Canary - bird 1-14 given to the unctuous humour, similar to wax
    Huinming-bird 1.11 in its physical properties , which is met with in
    Turtle
    Tortoise 1-5688 the meatus auditorius externus. It is secreted by
    1-2240
    Frog 1-172 follicles, situate beneath the membrane lining
    Shark 1-2496 the meatus . It lubricates the meatus, preserves
    Pike
    Carp 1-1305
    1-560
    the suppleness of the lining membrane, pre
    vents the introduction of bodies floating in the
    Thesubstance of the nervous system has atmosphere, andby its bitternessand unctuous
    been analyzed by Vauquelin and found to con ness prevents insects from penetrating.
    CERU'MINOUS, Cerumino'sus, ( F.) Cėrumi
    tain, water 80.00 ; white fatty matter 4.53 ; red neur . Relating cerumen .
    fatty matter, called cerebrine, 0.70 ; osmazome, CERU'MINOUS to GLANDSou or_ Follicles , ( F.)
    1.12 ; albumen, 7.00 ; phosphorus, 1.50 ; sulphur, Glandes cérumineuses Follicules Cérumi.
    acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and magne . neuses .
    sia, 5.15. Glands or follicles, which secrete the
    CEREBRUM ABDOMINALE, Solar plexus - c. cerumen .
    CERUSSA ACETATA , Plumbi superacetas
    Elongatum , Medulla oblongata-c. Parvum , -c. Alba Hispanica , Plumbi subcarbonas - e.
    Cerebellum - c . Posterius, Cerebellum .
    Alba Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas -- c. Psym
    CEREFOLIUM , Scandix cerefolium - c. His-mithron, Plumbi subcarbonas-c . Serpentarie.
    panicum , Chærophyllum odoratum , c . Sylves. See Arum maculatum.
    tre, Chærophyllum sylvestre. CERUSSE , Plumbi subcarbonas.
    CERELÆUM , Cerate. CERUS SEA URI'NA . Terms used by Para
    CEREOLA Bougie.
    , celsus for the urine, when of a dull colour, like
    CEREUM MEDICATUM , Bougie. cerusse ,
    CERVARIA ALBA 147 CHALAZA

    CERVARIA ALBA , Laserpitium latifoli- The Srag's Pizzle, Pria'pus Cervi, was
    um .
    once considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose ,Djto
    CERVEAU, Cerebrum. 3j in powder.
    CERVELET, Cerebellum . Cervus Al'ces. The Elk, (F. ) Elan . The
    CERVELLE , Cerebrum. hoof of this animal was anciently used as an
    CERVI ELAPHICORNU , Cornu cervi . See anti-epileptic. The animal , it was asserted , was
    Cervus. subject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured
    CERVICAL . Cervica'lis , from cervix , the them by putting its hoof into the ear. The
    back of the neck . Trache'lian . Every thing hoof was also worn as an amulet.
    which concerns the neck , especially the back The Cornu Ustum or Burnt Hartshorn has
    part . been used as an antacid , but it consists of 57
    The CERVICAL AR'TERIES are three in num- parts of phosphate , and but one of carbonate of
    ber: 1. The ascending, anterior, or superficial, a lime. It is , therefore, not of much use.
    branch of the inferior thyroid, distributed to CESTRICTES. A wine prepared from beto
    the scaleni muscles and integuments. 2. The ny, (xentpor, ' betony: ' )
    transverse (Cervico -scapulaire - Ch.,) a branch CÈSTRON , Betanica officinalis .
    of the axillary artery , or of the subclavian : dis- CETA'CEUM , from xntos , ' a whale.' Album
    tributed to the levator scapula , trapezius, &c . Ceti, Adipoce'ra ceto'sa, Spermaceti, (F.) Blanc
    3. The posterior or profound, A. transversa'lis de Baleine, Cétine, Adipocire de Baleine. An
    colli (Trachélo -cervicale - Ch.) a branch of the inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable ,
    subclavian , distributed to the deep- seated mus- unctuous substance, obtained from the brain
    cles on the anterior and posterior parts of the of the Physeter Macrocephalus or Spermaceti
    neck . Whale, and other varieties of whale . S. g.
    The CERVICAL Veins have nearly the same .9433 : melts at 112º . It is demulcent and
    distribution as the arteries. emollient; has been given in coughs and dy
    The Cervical Nerves are eight in number, sentery, but is mostly used in ointinents . Dose,
    on each side; and form the eight cervical pairs, 3ss to ziss rubbed up with sugar or egg:
    which are the first given off from the spinal CETERACH OFFICINARUM , Asplenium
    marrow . ceterach .
    The Cervical Plexus , ( Plexus Trachelo- CÉTINE, Cetaceum .
    souscutané Ch . ) The nervous net-work , formed CETRARIN . See Lichen Islandicus .
    by the anterior branches of the first three cer- CEVADILLA HISPANORUM , Veratrum
    vical nerves, above the posterior scalenus mus. Sabadilla.
    cle , and at the outer side of the pneumogastric CEVADILLE, Veratrum Sabadilla .
    nerve , carotid artery , and jugular vein . CHAA , Thea .
    Cervical Gall'olions . The three ganglions CHÆREFOLIUM , Scandix cerefolium .
    of the great sympathetic. The cerrical glands CHÆROPHYL'LUM , from zaupu), ' I re
    or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so joice ,' and quádov, ' a leaf.'
    called . CHÆROPHYLLUM TEMULUM , Chærophyllum
    CERVICAL VER'TEBRÆ. The seven first ver- sylvestre .
    tebræ of the spine. CHÆROPHYL'LUM SYLVESTRE, Cicuta'ria ,
    Cervical LiG'AMENTS. These are two in Chærophyllum Tem'ulum , Cerefd lium sylvestre,
    number. 1. The anterior, extending from the Bastard Hemlock , Wild Chervil or Cowo -weed ,
    basilary process of the occipital bone to the ( F.) Cerfeuil sauvage , Persil d'Ane . It is a
    anterior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. slightly fetid aromatic ; but is not used .
    The posterior or supraspinous , Ligamentum CHÆROPHYL'LUM ODORATUM, Scandic Odo,
    Nu'che, which extends from the outer occipital ra'ta, Myrrhis Odora'ta, Cerefolium Hispan'
    protuberance to the spinous process of the se. icum , Sweet Cic''ely, (F.) Cerfeuil musqué ou
    venth cervical vertebra. In animals with large d'Espagne, has the smell of aniseed, and is
    heads it is very strong: cultivated on account of its aromatic proper.
    CERVICALIS DESCENDENS. See Sacro- ties.
    lumbalis . CHÆTE , Capillus.
    CERVICARIA , Campanula- trachelium . CHAFING, Erythema Intertri'go, Para
    CERVICI- DORSO -SCAPULAIRE, Rhom- trim'ma, from échauffer, “ to heat.' Fret, ero
    boideus- c. dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su- sions of the skin, Attri'ta, (F.) Échauffemens,
    perior - c. dorso -mastoidien et dorso -trachélien , Ecorchures . The red excoriations which occur
    Splenius — c. Mastoidien , Splenius. in consequence of the friction of parts, or be
    CERVISPINA , Rhamnus. tween the folds of the skin , especially in fat or
    1
    CERVIX , Collum . ( q. v . ) The neck. A neck . neglected children. Washing with cold water
    CERVIX OBSTIPA , Torticollis. and dusting with hair powder is the best pre.
    CERVIX U'Teri . The neck of the uterus ; also ventive .
    the vagina. The term cervir is applied to other CHAIR , Flesh .
    parts, as the cervir of a bone , or the part be- CHALASIS, Relaxation .
    tween the head and body, & c . See Collum. CHALASMOS , Relaxation.
    CERVOISE, Cerevisia . CHALAS'TICUS, from xalaw, ' I relax .'
    CERVUS , CERVA . The horn of the Cervus A medicine proper for removing rigidity of
    Elaphus, called Cornu, Cervi Elaphi Cornu , the fibres . — Galen. An emollient or relaxant,
    cerf, ćervi'num
    Cornucontains Hartshorn,
    27 ,parts (F.)inCorne
    of gelatine de
    the 100. (q. v.).
    CHALA'ZA, CHALA'ZION, CHALAZO ,
    A jelly made from the shavings is emollient sis, Porosis , Grando, Hail, (F.) Grêle, Gra
    and nutritive . dellé. Certain hard , round, transparent tumours,
    CHALCANTHUM 148 CHARBONNEUX

    developed in different parts of the body , more chambers :-an anterior and a posterior. (F.)
    especially in the substance of the eyelids. Chambre antérieure et postérieure. The ante
    CHALCANTHUM , Ferri sulphas— c.Album , rior is the space between the cornea and the
    Zinci sulphas. anterior part of the iris :—the posterior, the
    CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian . space between the iris and anterior surface of
    CHALCITES , Colcothar. the crystalline. They are filled with the aque
    CHALCOIDEUM , (os) Cuneiform Bone . ous humour, and cominunicate by the opening
    CHALCOS , Cuprum, Æreolum . in the pupil.
    CHALEUR , Heat - c. Acre, see Acrid -c . CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE
    Animale , Animal heat. PILLS . This nostrum , recommended in scro
    CHALK , Creta-c. Red , Rubrica fabrilis— fula , and all impurities of the blood , has been
    c. Stones , Calculi arthritic , analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist
    CHALYB’EATE , Chalybea'tus, Ferrugin '. of cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a
    eus, Ferrugino'sus, Muriia'lis, (F.) Ferrugi- little vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3
    neux ; from chalybs, iron or steel.' Of, or grains .
    belonging to iron . Any medicine , into which CHAMBRIE , Cannabis sativa .
    iron enters; as , a chalybeate mixture, pills, CHAMELEA , Daphne Alpina.
    waters, & c . See Waters, Mineral. CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chama
    CHALYBIS RUBIGO , Ferri subcarbonas. milla - c . Dyer's, Anthemis tinctoria -- c. Spa
    CHALYBS, from Chalybes ; a people of Pon- nish, Anthemis pyrethrum - c. Stinking, Anthe
    tus , who dug iron out of the earth ; A'cies , mis cotula .
    Steel. The Proto carburet of Iron , ( F. ) Acier. CHAMOMILLA NOSTRAS , Matricaria cha
    As a medicine , steel does not differ fron iron. momilla - c . Romana, Anthemis nobilis.
    CualybS TARTARIZATUS , Ferrum tartariza- CHAMPACA , Michelia champaca .
    tum . CHAMPIGNON, Fungus - c. de l’Appareil
    CHAMA , Cheme. des Fractures, Clavaria - c. de Couche, see Aga
    CHAMÆACTE , Sambucus ebulus . ric — c. de Maite, Cynomorion coccineum .
    CHAMÆBATOS, Fragaria. CHANCE LÁGUA , Canchalagua.
    CHAMÆCEDRIS , Artemisia santonica. CHANCRE, (F. ) Ulcus cancro'sum , Ulcus'.
    CHAMÆCISSUS , Glecoma hederacea. culum cancro'sum . ' A sore , wbich arises from
    CHAMÆCLEMA , Glecoma hederacea.the direct application of the venereal virus ;
    CHAMÆCYPARISSUS, Artemisia santo- hence it is almost always seated , in men , on
    nica . the penis. The French use the word Chancre,
    CHAMÆDROPS , Teucrium chamædrys. in popular language, for cancerous ulcers , the
    CHAMÆDRYS, Teucrium Ch ., Veronica- malignant aphthæ of children , &c. Formerly,
    c . Incana maritima, Teucrium marum -- c. Mi- the terms Caroli and Caries pudendo'rum were
    nor repens , Teucrium Ch . --C . Palustris , used for venereal pustules or sores on the parts
    Teucrium scordium - c. Vulgaris, Teucrium of generation .
    Ch . CHANCREUSE, (F.) Cancro'sus, Carcino '.
    CHAMÆDRY'TES. A wine , in which the des. Haying the nature of chancre , or of can.
    Teucrium Chamædrys has been infused. cer .
    CHAMÆGEIRON, Tussilago. Bouton CHANCREUK is a small tumour of a
    CHAMÆLAITES. A wine, impregnated cancerous nature , which makes its appearance
    with the Chamdlca or Daphne Alpina. on the face-most frequently on the upper lip
    CHAMÆLEA, Cneorum tricoccum . -Noli me tangere .
    CHAMÆLÆAGNUS, Myrica gale . CHANT DES ARTÈRES, Siſlement modulé .
    CHAMÆLEON ALBUM , Carlina acaulis . CHANVRE , Cannabis sativa.
    CHAMÆLEUCE , Tussilago. CHAOMANTI'A . The Alchymists meant,
    CHAMÆLINUM , Linum catharticum . by this word, the art of predicting the future
    CHAMÆMELUM , Anthemis nobilis - c. from observation of the air. The word Chaos
    Fætidum, Anthemis cotula - c. Nobile , Anthe. was used by Paracelsus for the air.
    mis nobilis-c . Odoratum , Anthemis nobilis- CHAOSDA , Plague.
    c.Vulgare , Matricaria chamomilla. CHAPERON DE MOINE , Aconitum na
    CHĂMÆMORUM , Teucrium Chamæpitys, pellus.
    Rubus chamamorus . CHAPPETONADE, ( F. ) Vom'itus rabid'sus.
    CHAMÆPEUCE, Camphorosma monspe- Vomiting, accompanied with furious delirium,
    liaca . attacking strangers in hot countries.
    CHAMÆPITUI'NUM VINUM . A wine , in CHAR’ACTER , xuquxtre. (F.) Caractère.
    which the leaves of the Chamæ 'pitys, the Teu'- A mark or impression. In Pathology , it is used
    crium Chame'pitys, have been infused. synonymously with stamp or appearance . We
    CHAMÆPITÝŚ, Teucrium chamæpitys, say, " A disease is of unfavourable character."
    c. Anthyllus , Teucrium iva - c . Moschata, Teu- " The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac .
    crium iva. ter,” & c . In Mental Philosophy it means — that
    CHAMÆPLION , Erysimum . which distinguishes one individual from anc
    CHAMÆRAPH'ANUM , from χαμαι ,. 6on ther, as regards his understanding and passions.
    the ground , and pavaros , “ the radish . So CHARA'DRIUS , yooudoios . Ælian thus
    Paulus of Ægina ealls the upper part of the calls a bird , which was reputed to cure jaun
    root of the Apium . dice . The word now means the plover.
    CHAMBAR , Magnesia . CHARANTIA , Momordica elaterium .
    CHAMBER , Camera. This term is used in CHARBON , Anthrax, Carbo.
    speaking of the eye ; in which there are two CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid .
    CHARCOAL 149 CHEESE

    CHARCOAL , Carbo . which the placenta is often retained or encha .


    TThea CHARDON AUX ANES, Onopordium acan : tonné after the birth of the child . It is detected
    thium- . Bénit, Centaurea benedicta - c. à by passing the fingers along the cord as far as
    Bonnetier, Dipsacus fullonum - c. Etoilé , Cen- the partwhich is contracted, when the placenta
    be discoverable .
    taurea calcitrapam -c. à Foulon, Dipsacus fullo- will nottreatment
    num-c. Hémorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense c. The consists in relaxing by a large
    Marie, Carduus Marianusmc. Roland, Eryngi- dose of an opiate , then passing the fingers along
    um campestre . the cord , and gradually dilating the opening
    CHAR'LATAN, Circula'tor, Circumfora'ne through which it passes, until it permits the
    us, Periodeu'tes, Pseudomed'icus, Agyrta , Ana- hand to go through. The placenta must then
    cycleon . A Quack, an Empirical Pretender, Em- be grasped and gently withdrawn .
    piric. Probably , one who goes from place to CHATON , Vaginal process.
    place to sell any medicine, to which he attributes CALCUL CHATONNÉ ( F.) Calculus incar.
    marvellous properties. By extension - any in- cera'tus, Encys'ted Calculus, Calcul enkysté. A
    dividual , who endeavours to deceive the public urinary calculus , adherent to the inner surface
    by passing himself off as more skilful than he of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can
    really is. According to Ménage, the word not pass to the different parts of that organ.
    comes from circulatanus, a corruption of circu- This happens when calculi form in some natu
    lator. ral or accidental cavity of the bladder ; when
    CHAR’LATANRY, Agyrtia, Banau'sin, the the organ by ulceration, gives rise to fungi,
    conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charla- which surround the calculus; or when it
    tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiri- is lodged in the orifice of the ureter or ure
    cism . thra .
    CHARM , Carmen , Canta'tio , Incantamen'-| PLACENTA CHATONNÉ (F.) The pla
    tum . Trick . ( F. ) Charme. A sort of magic , centa when retained as above described . See
    or superstitious practice , by which it was be Chaton .
    lieved, that individuals might be struck with CHATONNEMENT (F. ) Incarcera'lio,
    sickness ordeath , or be restored to health . Chatonnement du placenta , Enkystement.-
    CHARNIÈRE , Ginglymus. Hour-glass contraction of the uterus. See Cha
    CHARNU , Carneous. ton .
    CHARPIE , Carbasus . CHATOUILLEMENT (F.) This word some
    CHARTA VIRGINEA , Amnios. times means the action of tickling (9 v . ) or
    CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. titillation ( Titillatio ,) and , at others, the sensa
    CHAS (F.). Acûs forumen. The cye of a tion which gives rise to the action (Pruritys,)
    necdle. Sometimes, this opening is near the Itching.
    point of the instrument , as in the ligature CHATRÉ , Castratus .
    needle . CHAUDEBOURG , MINERAL WATERS
    CHASME, Yawning . OF. C. is three quarters of a league from Thi
    CHASPE , Variola. onville in France. The waters contain iron ,
    ន៖
    CHASSE (F.) Manu'brium . A kind of handle sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and
    composed of two movable laminæ of horn , shell, carbonate of lime.
    or ivory , united only at the extremity, which CHAUDEPISSE , Gonorrhæa impura - c.
    holds the blade of the instrument, as in the Cordée, Gonorrhæa cordata.
    common bleeding lancet. CHAUDES - AIGUES , MINERAL WA
    CHASSIE (F.) Lema, Lippa , Glama, Gra . TERS OF . A small town in the department
    mia ; the gum of the eye. A sebaceous humour, of Cantal, France, where there is a number of
    secreted by the follicles of MEIBOMIUS , which saline springs. Temp. 190 ° Fahrenheit.
    sometimes glues the eyes together . CHAUFFOIR (F.) Linteum Calefacto'rium .
    CHASSIEUX (F.) Lippus ; covered with According to the Académie, a warmed cloth,
    Chassie - as Paupières chrissieuses. used either for the purpose of warming a pa
    CHASTE TREE , Vitex. tient, or to apply to a female recently delivered.
    CHATAIGNE, see Fagus castanea - c.d'Eau , CHAUSSE(F.) Chausse d'Hippocrate, Manche
    Trapa natans . d'Hippocrate, Man'ica Hippocratis, Man'ica,
    CHATAIGNIER COMMUN ,Fagus castanea Hippocrates' Sleove. A conical bag, made of
    6. Nain , Fagus castanea pumila . flannel, for straining liquids.
    CHATEAU -LANDON , WATERS OF. A CHAUSSE - TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa.
    lown three leagues from Nemours, in France . CHAUVETÉ, Calvities.
    The waters contain alum and iron . CHAUX , HYDROSULFATE DE, Calcis
    CHATEAU -SALINS; a town in the de. sulphuretum - c. Vive, Calx viva.
    partment of La Meurthe , France . The waters CHEEK , Gena.
    contain carbonate of lime , sulphates of lime CHEESE , Ca'seus, Tyros, Tipos, ( F. ) Fro
    and magnesia , and muriates of magnesia, and mage . An aliment, prepared from the caseous
    soda. and oleaginous parts of milk . Fresh cheeses
    CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS owe their chief inedical properties to the im
    OF. A village in France , in the department mediate principle, essentially cheesy , to which
    Puy -de-Dôme, near which there are five ther. the name ca'seum or caseine has been applied .
    mal and acidulous springs. Temperature, 86 ° Those, which have been recently salted, are
    Fabrenheit. digested with comparative facility. The fla
    CHATON (F.) , ' a husk .' In Pathology , it ſvour of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal ca
    means a funda, or cavity formed by the irregu- seate. On the whole , cheese itself is not easy
    lar or hourglass contraction of the uterus, in ( of digestion , although it inay stimulate the sto
    CHEESE REYNET 150 CHENOCOPRUS

    mach to greater exertion , and thus aid in the Chelidonium Minus , Ranunculus ficaria .
    digestion of other substances. CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given
    CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum . to stones , which it was pretended, existed in
    CHEE'SY , Casea'rius, Casco'sus, Tyro'des, the stomach of young swallows. They were
    (F.) Caseux ou Caséur.' Having the nature formerly believed capable of curing epilepsy.
    of cheese . CHELOID , Cancroid.
    CHEF, Bandage (tail. ) CHELO'NĒ, yehonin, 'a tortoise .' An in
    CHEILITYIS, or CHILI'TIS, from marios,“ a strument for extending a limb ; so called be
    lip. ' Inflammation of the lip . See Chilon . cause, in its slow motions , it resembled a tor.
    CHEILOC'ACĒ, from yellos , " a lip,' and toise.— Oribasius. See Testudo.
    maxos , “ evil . ' Labrisulcium . A disease, cha- CHELO'NION , Chelo'nium , from reiwin , “a
    racterized, it is said, by swelling , induration, tortoise , ' from its resembling in shape the shell
    and slight redness of the lips without inflam- of that animal. The upper, gibbouspart, of the
    mation , reputed , but without any authority , to back . - Gorræus.
    be common in England and Scotland, amongst CHELONOPH'AGI, from yoàown, ' the tor
    children ; also , the thickness of the upper lip of toise,' and qayw , ' I eat. ' An ancient name for
    scrofulous children . See Stomacace . certain tribes, who dwelt on the coasts of the
    CHEILOCARCINOMA, from yerdos, 'a lip, ' Red Sea, and who lived only on tortoises.
    and zapziyoua , ' cancer.' Cancer of the lip. Pliny, Diodorus of Sicily .
    CHEILOMALACIA , Stomacace. CHEL'SEA PENSIONER. An empirical
    CHEILON , Chilon . remedy for rheumatism is sold under this name .
    CHEILOPLASTICĒ, Chiloplastice, from (Gum guaiac, 3j, powdered rhubarb zij , ti cam
    xeldos , a lip ,' and thaotixos, forming. The of tartar Zj , flowers of sulphur gj, one nutmeg,
    operation for an artificial lip . finely powdered : made into an electuary with
    CHEILOS, Lip. a pound ofclarified honcy.) Dose two spoonfuls.
    CHEIMA, Cold . CHEL'TENHAM , MINERAL WATERS
    CHEIMETHLON , Chilblain . OF. C. is a town in Gloucestershire. Eng .
    CHEIMIA , Rigor. land, nine miles from Gloucester, and 94 W.
    CHEIR , Manus. of London . Its water is one of the most cele .
    CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI. The syste- brated natural purgatives in England. It is a
    matic name of the Common Yellow Wall-flower, saline, acidulous chalybeate, and is much fre
    ! Vi'ola lu'tea , Leucožum lu'teum ; Keyri "Cheiri, quented.
    ARTIFICIAL CHELTENHAM WATER may be
    (F.) Geroflée ou Violier jaune. The flowers
    have been esteemed nervine, narcotic , and de- made from Epsom salt, gr. xij, iron filings, gr.
    obstruent. j: Glauber's salt, 3 iv: water, 4 gallons: im .
    CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of rubbing or pregnated with the gas from marble powderand
    scratching, from youp , ' the hand ,' and antw,I sulphuric acid, aa 3 ij.
    touch .' A troublesome symptom in the itch. CHELTENHAM Salts. These are sometimes
    CHEIRIATER , Surgeon. made from the waters; at others, factitiously.
    CHEIRISMA, Cheiris'mus. The act of The following is a formula . Sode muriat., mag.
    touching;-handling. Any manual operation. nes. sulphat., soda sulph ., aa ibj : dissolve, fil
    CHEIRIXIS , Surgery. ter, evaporate to dryness : then add Ferri sulph .,
    CHEIRONOʻMIA , Chirono'mia, from YE100 3 ss .
    vouza, ' I exercise with the hands. An exer CHELYS, Thorax .
    CHELYS'CION , xelvox10x , from xeht's , ' the
    sisted in using tothebyhands
    cise, referred exercisecon
    , as in our which
    Hippocrates, of chest.' A short, dry cough . - Galen , Hippocr.,
    the dumb-bells. Foësius.
    CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. CHE'MĒ, CHA’MA, CHE'R AMIS . An
    CHELA, zran. This word has several signi- ancient measure , equivalent to about two tea
    fications. Chela, a forked probe used for ex- spoonfuls.
    tracting polypi from the nose. Chela - chaps CHEMEUTICE , Chymistry .
    or cracks on the feet, organs of generation , & c. CHEMIST , Chymist.
    Chela likewise means claws, especially those CHEMISTRY, Chymistry .
    of the crab . See Cancrorum Chelæ . CHEMOʻSIS , from χημη óan aperture ,' or
    CHELÆ PALPEBRARUM. See Tarsus. from χυμος,, " an humour." A, name given to
    CHELAPA , Convolvulus jalapa . ophthalmia, when athe conjunctiva, surrounding
    CHÉLIDOINE GRANDE , Chelidonium ma- the cornea, forms high riny , making the cor
    jus -- c. Petite , Ranunculus ficaria. nea seem as it were at the bottom of a well .
    CHELIDON, zelidur; the hollow at the By some,it is used synonymously with ophthal
    bend of the arm . Hirundo. (q. v. ) mia membranarum . " See Ophthalmia.
    CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR , CHENAY , MINERAL WATERS OF. C.
    Ranunculus ficaria . is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims.
    CHELIDONIUM , Bryonia alba. The waters are chalybeate.
    CHELIDO'NIUM Maus,Papaver Cornicula'- CHÊNE, Quercus alba — c.Marin, Fucus ve
    tum , P.lu'teum , Common Celandine, Tetterwort,siculosus — é. Petit, Teucrium chamædrys-c.
    (F.) Chélidoine grande, L'Éclaire. Family, Pa- Vert, Ilex aquifolium
    paveraceæ. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. CHENEVIS. See.Cannabis sativa.
    The root and recent planthave been considered CHENOBOSCON , Potentilla anserina.
    aperient and diuretic . Externally, the juice CHENOC'OPRUS , from xr, a goose,' and
    has been employed in some cutaneous diseases. I zongos , ' dung .' The dung of the goose is so
    CHENOPODIUM, &c. 151 CHINA

    designated in some old Pharmacopæias. It CHEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus.


    was formerly employed as a febrifuge and diu. CHÈVRE-FEUILLE, Lonicera Periclyme.
    retic . num .

    CHENOPO'DIUM AMBROSIOÏDES, CHEZANAN'CĒ , from yečW , ' I go to stool ,'


    from you, ' a goose,'and trous, a foot. ' Botrys and arayar, necessity . ' An ointment com
    Merica'na , Chenopo'dium Merica'num , Botrys, posed of honey and alum , and rubbed on the
    Ambrosior'des Merica'na, Botrys America'na , anus to occasion evacuations. - Paulus of
    Mexico Tea , Spanish Ten , Artemis'ia Botrys, ( F.) Ægina,
    Anserine, Thé du Mexique. Ambrosie du Mex- CHIA , Chia terra , from Chios, an island
    ique. The infusion was once drunk as tea. It where it was found . A kind of white earth ,
    has been used in paralytic cases . formerly used in burns. - Galen .
    Chenopodium ANTHELMINTICUM , Chenopo' . CHIĂCUM COLLYRIUM . A Collyrium
    dium , Wormseed, Wormgoosefoot, Jerusalem consisting of several drugs and Chian wine.
    Oak of America , (F.) ,Ansérine anthelmintique, Paulus of Ægina.
    A. vermifuge. This plant grows plentifully in CHIADUS, Furunculus .
    the United States. It is much used in cases of CHIASMOS, Chias'ma, from χιαζω ; to form
    worms.
    Dose of the powder, from a tea -spoon- like the letter y. The crucial union of parts,
    ful to a table spoonful or more. The oil, from as the decussation (q . v . ) of the optic nerves.
    8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited. It CHIASTER , Kiaster.
    is as much used in America as the Semen San- CHIAS'TOS. Same etymon . A bandage,
    ton'ici with the English. so called because it resembles the letter x :
    Chenopodium Bonus Henricus, Chryso- Oribasius.
    lach'anum , Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus, Pota CHIBOU . See Bursera gummifera.
    bona, Lap'athum unctuo'sum , Chenopo'dium , CHI'CA . A drink made in Peru with In
    English Mercury, Allgood , Angular -leaved dian meal, dried in the sun,and fermented with
    goosefoot, (F.) Ansérine Bon Henri, Épinard water . Its taste is that of bad cider.
    sauvage. The leaves are emollient, and have CHICKENPOX , Varicella.
    been applied to ulcers, & c. It has also been CHICKWEED , Alsine media.
    considered refrigerant and eccoprotic. CHICORÉE DES JARDINS, Cichorium
    Chenopo'dium Botrys, Botrys, Botrys vul- endivia -- c. Sauvage,Cichorium intybus.
    garis, Ambrosia , Artemis'ia Chenopo'dium , At' CHIENDENT , Triticum repens .
    riplex odora'ta , Atriplex suar'eolens : the Jeru- CHIL /BLAIN , Per'nio , Bugan'tia , Erythe'
    salem Oak, (Eng.) (F.) Ansérine Botrys. It ma Per'nio, Erythéma à Frig'ore, Cheimeth'lon,
    was once given in diseases of the chest, palsy , from chill, " cold ,' and blain, a pustule ,' (F.).
    & c . It is useless . Engelure. An erythematous inflammation of
    Chenopodium
    varia .
    Feridum , Chenopodium vul- the feet, hands, &c. , occasioned by cold. It is
    very common in youth — not so in the adult or
    Chenopodium Vulva'ria , Atriplex fæl'ida, advanced age. It is apt to degenerate into
    Atripler ol'ida, Vulva’ria, Garos'mum , Rapher, painful, indolent ulcerations, called Kibes.
    Chenopodium Fætidum , Stinking Orach or Chilblains are prevented by accustoming the
    Goosefoot, (F.) Vulvaire, Arroche puant, Ansé- parts to exposure ; and are treated by stimulant,
    rine fétide. The fætid smell has occasioned it terebinthinate and balsamic washes, ointments ,
    to be used as an antispasmodic and nervine . and liniments .
    CHEOPINA , Chopine . CHILDBED STATE , Parturient state .
    CHERAMIS, Chenie. CHIL'I, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
    CHERBAS , Lettuce . most celebrated mineral springs of Chili , in
    CHERBACHEM , Veratrum album . South America , are those of Peldehues and
    CHERMES, Kermes. Cauquenes . The former are not far from St.
    CHERNIBIUM, Urinal . Jago. They consist of two springs , one ther
    CHERRY , BIRD, Prunus padus — c .Tree,red , mal, the other cold . The hot spring is clear,
    Prunus cerasus-c . Tree , black, Prunus avium inodorous, and contains soda and carbonic acid .
    -c. Tree , wild , Prunus Virginiana-c . Water, The cold spring contains iron and sulphate of
    Kirschwasser - c. Wild cluster, Prunus padus soda. Cauquenes is much resorted to by inva
    -c. Winter, Physalis. lids during the summer . Mineral waters are
    CHERSÆ , Fæces . very common in Chili .
    CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium-c. Wild , CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme,
    Cherophyllum sylvestre . CHILIOPHYLLON , Achillea millefolium .
    CHÈST, Thorax. CHILITIS , Cheilitis.
    CHESTNUT TREE ,Fagus castanea. CHILL , Rigor.
    CHEVAUCHEMENT, (F.) Os'sium super- CHILON , Chei'lon , Cheili'tis, from 7x120;,
    posi'tio del equita'tio, Parallax'is, Parallagma. “a lip.;
    Inflammation of the lips. - Vogel.
    The riding of one bone over another after frac. One who has a thick lip .
    ture ; giving rise to shortening of the limb. CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
    See Riding of Bones . CHIMAPHILA , Pyrola umbellata .
    CHEVESTRE or CHEVÈTRE , Capistrum, CHIMIATER CHIMIA , Chymistry .
    , Chymiater,
    from caput, the head. ' A bandage, applied CHIMIATRIA , Chymiatria.
    round the head in cases of fracture or luxation
    of the lower jaw . According to the mode in CHIMIE ,Chymistry.
    CHIMISTE , Chymist.
    which it is made , it is called simple, double, ob CHIMON , Cold.
    lique , &c . CHINA, Cinchona, Sinilax china - c . Ameri
    CHEVEU , Capillus.
    CHINCAPIN 152 CHLORAS, & c .
    can or West ludia, Smilax pseudo-china - c. the Centaur ; who was unable to cure such
    Occidentalis, Smilax pseudo- china - c . Root , ulcers .
    Smilax china - c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax CHIRONOMIA , Cheirononnia.
    pseudo- china. CHIROP'ODIST, ( F. ) Pédicure. One who
    CHINCAPIN , Fagus castanea pumila. treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather
    CHINCHE , Cimex . whose profession it is to reinove corns and bu
    CHINCHINA , Cinchona. nyons, from xero, ' the hand ,' and nous, the
    CHINCHUNCHULLI, Ionidium marcucci. foot.'
    CHINCOUGH , Pertussis . CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
    CHINESE , MEDICINE OF THE , Medici'. CHIROSIS , Subactio.
    na Sin'ica. Medicine has been long, but most CHIROTHE'CA , frorn yelp, the hand,' and
    imperfectly, practised by the Chinese. From Orxan, ' a sheath.' A bandage for the hand ; a
    their therapeutics we have obtained the old kind of bandage in wbich the fingers and hand
    operations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, are enveloped in spiral turns . When the whole
    CHINICUS ACETAS , Quinine, acetate of hand and fingers are covered, it is called the
    -c. Citras, Quinine , acetate of. double or complete Chirotheca, Ch , completa,
    CHINII ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of. Vinctu'ra omnibus dig''itis ; and when only a
    CHININI ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of. finger is covered the half or incomplete, Ch.
    CHININUM , Quinina . incompleta , Vinctu'ra pro uno dig'ito. See
    CHINIUM ACETICUM , Quinine , acetate of Gantelet.
    -c . Ferrocyanogenatum , Quinine, Ferrocya. CHIROTRI'BIA, from xato, the hand ,' and
    nate of_c. Hydrochloricum , Quinine,muriate to.30), rub .' Friction with the hand. Ac .
    of - c. Muriaticum , Quinine,muriate of - c. Ni. cording to others, dexterity in an art. - Hippo
    tricum , Quinine, nitrate of - c. Phosphoricum , crates, Galen .
    Quinine, phosphate of - c . Salitum, Quinine, CHÍRRHEU’MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheuma
    muriate of. tis'mus manus, from yely, the hand, and grvua ,
    CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella . · Aux .' Rheumatism of the hand.
    CHINWHELK , Sycosis . CHIRURGEON , Surgeon .
    CHIOCOCCÆ RADIX , Caincæ radix. CHIRURGIA , Surgery - c. Anaplastica,
    CHIOLI , Furunculus. Morioplastice - c. Curtorum , Morioplastice - c.
    CHION , Snow . Infusoria, Infusion of medicines—c . Transfu
    CHIQUE, ( F.) Pulex pen'etrans, Tick. A soria, Transfusion.
    small insect in America, which gets under the CHIRURGICUS , Surgical.
    epidermis, and excites great irritation. CHIRURGIE, Surgery - c. Militaire, Sur
    CHIR orCHEIR, zeig,' the hand ,' hence : gery ,military.
    CHIRÅGRA , from zeug , hand ,' and ayga, ČHIRURGIEN, Surgeon - c. Hernieur, see
    ( a seizure . ' Gout in the hand. Hernial .
    CHIRAPOTHECA , Arsenal. CHIRURGIQUE, Surgical.
    CHIRIATER , Surgeon . CHIRURGUS , Surgeon.
    CHIRIATRIA , Surgery. CHIST ; an Arabic word , which signifies the
    CHIROMANCY, Chiromanti'a, from zeig, sixth part. The sixth part of the Congius or
    ' the hand ,' andpartea, divination,' (F.) Chi- gallon .
    romancie. Art of divining by inspection of the CHITON , Tunic.
    hand . CHITONÍSCOS, Indusium .
    CHIRONAX , Surgeon. CHIUM VINUM , from Chios, the island
    CHIRONIA , (from Chiron, Xčiowy, the Cen- where it was produced ; Chian wine, used by
    taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) the physicians of antiquity in cases of deflus.
    A genus of plants. Fam . Gentianea . ions and opbthalmiæ.- Scribonius Largus.
    Chino'NiA ANGULA'RIS , American Centaury, CHLI'AROS, zapos, tepid . À name
    Sabba'tia Angula'ris. Every part of this plant given to slight ſevers, in which the heat is not
    is a pure and strong bitter, which property is great.— Galen.
    cominunicated alike to alcohol and to water. CHLIAS'MA , Zaqua , same etymon . A
    It is used as a tonic and a stomachic . tepid and moist fomentation.- Hippocr.
    CAironia Chiles'sis, Gentid'na Cachenla- CHLOASMA, Pityri'asis versicolor, P. ni.
    huen, Cachen -laguen , Erythra'a Chilensis, Gen- gra , Éphélide scorbutique, Macula hepatica, Li
    tiana Peruviana. A very bitter plant, indige verspot, from ydoos, ' a greenish -yellow colour.'
    nous in Chili. It possesses the virtues of the A cutaneous affection , characterized by one or
    Chironea. Given in infusion— (3j, to water more broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yel
    Oj.) low or yellowish -brown colour, and occurring
    CHIRO'NIA Centau'rium , Centaurium minus most frequently on the front of the neck,
    rulga'ra, Centau'rium partum, Gentid'na cen- breast, abdomen, groins , & c . The patches do
    taurium , Centau'rium minus, Erythra'a Cen . not generally rise above the surface . There is
    tau’rium , Smaller Centaury, Lesser Centaury, usually some degree of itching:
    (F.) Centaurée petite . The tops of the lesser The causes are not very evident. Sulphur
    Centaury, Centaurii Cacu 'mina, are aromatic externally - in any and every form - generally
    and
    such.
    tonic, and are sometimes employed as removes it speedily. Should there be difficulty,
    the external use of the remedy by baths or fu
    CHIRONI'UM , from despoir', ' bad, malig migationsmay succeed.
    nant. ' An ulcer difficult of cure :-of a swol. CHLORA , Chlorine.
    len , hard , and callous nature.- Galen . Some CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS , Po
    have supposed the word to come from Chiron , tassæ murias hyperoxygenatus.
    CHLORASMA 153 CHOLERÀ

    CHLORASMA , Chlorosis. CHOANA, Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibu


    CHLORETUM CALCARIÆ , Calcis chlo- lum of the brain .
    ridum . CHOANE , Infundibulum .
    CHLORINE , from riwpos, ' green .' Chlo- CHOANORRHAGIA , Epistaxis.
    ra, Orymurial'icAcid Gas, Oxygena'ted Muri- CHOAVA , Coffea Arabica.
    atic Acid Gas, Dephlogisticated Marine Acid, CHOCOLATE , Chocola'ta , Succola'la . Dr.
    Halogene, Mu'rigene, Chlorum . So far as we Alston says, that this word is compounded of
    know, this is an elementary substance . It is a two Indian words :-choco, ' sound, and atle,
    greenish , yellow gas, of a strong suffocating ' water,' because of the noise made in its prepa
    smell , and disagreeable taste : incapable of ration. Chocolatum . An alimentary paste pre
    maintaining combustion and respiration, and pared from the kernels of the Theobroma cacao
    very soluble in water. One of its character- or Cacao, with sugar, and often aromatics.
    istics is, that of destroying, almost immediately , (See Cacao .) The chocolate thus simply pre
    all vegetable and animal colours. It is em- pared — as it ismetwith , indeed ,in commerce
    ployed in fumigations, as a powerful disinfect. is called in France , Chocolat de santé . It is
    ing agent. A very dilute solution has been not very easy of digestion .
    administered internally, in certain cases of di- The chocolat à la vanille contains three
    arrhea and chronic dysentery. Immersion of ounces of vanilla and two of cinnamon to
    the hands and arms in it has often removed itch twenty pounds
    of common chocolate. The ad
    and other cutaneous affections. It has also dition of the aromatic renders it somewhat
    been inhaled in a dilute state in the early stage more digestible. Chocolates may likewise be
    of phthisis, but it is of doubtful efficacy , and is medicated.
    better adapted for chronic bronchitis. CHOCUS, Chu .
    CHLOROPHYLLE , Fecula, green. CHOENICIS , Trepan.
    CHLORO'SIS , from zippos, green , Palli CHENION , Cord .
    dus Morbus, Fædus Virginum color, Pallidus CHONOS, Cord.
    color virgin'eus, lcteri'tia alba, Ic'terus albus, CHERUS, Scrofula .
    Morbus virgin'eus, Morbus Parthenius, Dyspep': CHOIROS , Vulva.
    sia chloro'sis, Febris amato'ria, Cacher'ia virgi CHOLAGO, Cholas.
    num, Febris alba, Anepithym'ia chloro'sis, Green CHOL'AGOGUE, Cholagogus, Cholegon,
    sickness, Chloras ma, Citid sis. (F.) Chlorose, from xoan, bile,' and ayo, I expel.' The an
    Pâles-coulcurs. A disease which affects
    young cients gave this name to cathartics, which were
    females, more particularly those who havenot reputed to cause the flow of bile . — Galen .
    menstruated. It is characterized by a pale, lu . CHOLAS, xoias , Plur. Zolades. The cavity
    rid complexion , languor, listlessness, depraved of the hypocondres ; Cholago. The intestines.
    appetite and digestion, palpitation, & c. The -Homer.
    disease generally goes off on the occurrence of CHOLASMA, Cholosis.
    the menstrual Aux ; but sometimes it is long CHOLE and CHOLOS, χολη, and χολος
    before this is established . "bile ,' (q. v.) in composition. - Hence :
    On auscultation , a bellows' sound has been CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder.
    almost invariably detected over the heart, and CHOLECYSTI'TIS , Inflamma'tio Vesi'cæ
    a continuous blowing sound in the larger arte- fell'eæ , 1. cystidis fell'eæ , Cysti'tis fellea, from
    ries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,) xoan, bile , and xvotis, ' bladder.' Inflamma
    reinforced by each systole of the ventricle, and tion of the gall-bladder.
    resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the CHOL'EDOCH , Choled'ochus, from yoàn,
    cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a bile, and dozos , containing or receiving
    keyhole, & c ., (see Bruit . ) Very similar sounds The Ductus choledochus, Ductus communis cho
    are heard in the arteries after copious hemor- ledockus, (F.) Conduit ou Canal Cholédoque, is
    rhage : they seem , therefore, to coincide with the duct, formed by the union of the hepatic
    enfeebled circulation. and cystic ducts , which pours the hepatic and
    Tonics are usually required in the treatment: cystic bile into the duodenum .
    the disease most commonly occurring in those CHOLEDOGÖRAPHY, Choledographia,
    1
    in whom there is considerable torpor of the from xoan, " bile,' and ypaqev, to describe.'
    A description of what relates to the bile.
    system .
    Calorosis AMATORIA, Hectic fever. CHOLEDOL'OGY , Choledolo " gia , from
    CHLOROT'IC, Chloroticus,(F.) Chlorotique. yoàn, ' bilc , and hoyos, ' a discourse.' A trea
    Affected with chlorosis , or pertaining to chlo- tise on the bile.
    rosis ;-as a chlorotic female , chlorotic symptoms, CHOLEGON , Cholagogue.
    &c . CHOLEHÆMIA , Icterus.
    CHLORUM , Chlorine . CHOLEIA , Claudication.
    CHLORURE D'OR, Gold, muriate of. CHOLELITHIA ICTERUS, Icterus.
    CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary .
    CHLORURETUM OXIDI CALCII , Calcis CHOLEN'CHYSIS, from xoan, ' bile ,' and
    chloridum . #x2 vous, ' effusion.' Effusion of bile .
    CHOA, Chu. CHOL'ERA and CHOL'ERA -MORBUS ,
    CHOACUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM . zoaega, Cholerrha'gia , Passio cholerica, Fellif :
    A black plaster , mentioned by Celsus, and lua passio, Holera, from xoan, ' bile ,' and gew,
    composed of equal parts of litharge and resin . I flow .' According to others, from yokádes,
    The litharge was first boiled in oil. 5
    intestines,' or from yourga, ' the gutter of a
    CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis — c. wolf, house to carry off the rain .' A disease, cha
    Lycanche. racterized by anxiety , gripings, spasms in the
    20
    CHOLERAPHOBIA 154 CHORDA

    legs and arms, and by vomiting, and purging ! CHOLO'SIS , from ywłos, " lame.' Cholotes,
    (generally bilious :) vomiting and purging are , Cholas'ma, Claudica'tion. (9. v.). Hippocrates
    indeed, the essential symptoms. The disease employs this word particularly for a lameness
    ismost common in hot climates ,—and in tempe- of the hand,which renders a person one-handed ,
    rate climates, during summer. In India , the manchot, ( F. )
    spasmod'ic cholera , Asiatic cholera, Malignant Cholo'ses, from yoan , ' bile .' M. Alibert in
    ch ., Cholera asphyria, Trisplunch'nia , morbus cludes, under this head, every morbid affection
    oryzeus, Rice disease, (because supposed by of the liver and spleen .
    Tytler to be caused by damaged rice,) ( F.) CHOLOTES , Cholosis.
    Mort de Chien , is frightful in the rapidity of its CHONDRODES , Cartilaginous.
    progress, the patient sometimes dying in a few CHONDROGENE'SIA , Chondrogen'esis,
    hours from the first onset . In temperate cli- from xordoos,' a cartilage, and yereois, 'form
    mates, common cholera is not usually a disease ation.' Formation of cartilage. A morbid con
    of much consequence . It requires, that the version of parts into cartilage.
    stomach and bowels should be cleared , and CHONDROGLOSSUS , from yordoos, a
    afterwards the irritation be allayed by full doses cartilage,' and yawnoc , “ the tongue .' A fasci
    of opium . In the malignant cholera of India , culus of fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser
    bleeding atthe outset, without regard to the corna of the os hyoides to the tongue. It forms
    signs of apparent depression, and large doses part of the Hyogiossus.
    of calomel, with opiates, form the great reli- CHONDROG'RAPHY , Chondrographia ,
    ance of the practitioner. from xovdpoç, ' cartilage ,' and yoaqn, descrip
    CHOLERA INFANTUM . The Cholera of Chil- tion .' " A description of cartilages.
    dren . A disease, so termed by American phy. CHONDROID, Chondroi'des, from yovdoos,
    sicians. It occurs generally in the middle states . cartilage ,' and eidos , ' resemblance .' Resem
    of the Union ,in June or July, and continues bling cartilage.
    during the hot weather, hence called the “ sum- CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolo" gia , from
    mer complaint.' The chief symptoms are vo- yordoos, ' a cartilage,' and hoyos, ' a discourse .'
    miting, purging of green or yellow matter,A treatise on cartilages.
    CHONDROMA , Enchondro'ma, from zove
    slime or blood , attended with pain or uneasi-
    ness ; and swelling of the abdomen, with some
    dooş, ' cartilage .' A cartilaginous growth pro
    pyrexia, generally. The heat of the weather
    ceeding from bones , and including the spina
    seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex .
    ventosa , osteo -sarcoma, & c.of many:
    citing, cause. It is a fatal disease in towns ;
    CHONDRO -PHARYNGEUS, from yor
    differing little, if at all, from whatis vulgarly
    890s , ' a cartilage,' and quouys, ' the pharynx .'
    called the Watery Gripes in England. Clear-Fibres of the muscular coat of the pharynx,
    ing, gently , the alimentary canal, so as to re-
    which arise from the lesser cornua of the os
    move the offending matter, and then exhibiting
    hyoides, and form part of the Constrictor me
    chalk mixture and laudanum , with counter -dius. See Constrictor Pharyngis.
    irritants, as sinapisms to the abdomen , is the
    CHONDROS, yordoos, “ a cartilage.' ( q. v .)
    most satisfactory plan of treatment. The Xiphoid cartilage, (q. v.) in particular.
    CHOLERAPHOBIA , Choleromania . CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, xordpoovrdeo
    CHOL'ERIC , Cholericus. Belonging to LOS , from yordoos , ' a cartilage ,' and ourdeonos,
    cholera morbus or to the bile. The French a ligament.' Union of bones, by means of
    use the term Fièvre cholérique for the fever ac- fibro -cartilage . — Galen.
    companying cholera, CHONDROTOMY, Chondroto'mia , from
    CHOLERIC TEMPERAMENT is the same as zovdoos, “ a cartilage,' and TELUTELY, ( to cut. '
    Bilious Temperament. Dissection of cartilages.
    CHOLERINE . A diminutive of cholera . CHONDRUS , Alica - c . Crispus , Fucus
    The first stage of epidemic cholera ; also, the crispus - c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus.
    precursory symptoms of cholera . CHONOS , Infundibulum .
    CHOLEROMA’NIA , Choleraphobia, from CHOPINE, CHOPINO , CHEOPI'NA . A
    cholera and mania. A dread of cholera to such measure , which contains 16 ounces. A pint
    an extent that the individual fancies himself measure .
    affected or threatened by it. CHORA, xoipa , region .' Any void space .
    CHOLERRHAGIA , Cholera. Also, the orbit of the eye .
    CHOLESTERINE, CHOLOSTERI'NA, CHORD , TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord .
    Cholestearine, from youn, bile,' and OTEQEOS, CHORDA or CORDA . A string of an in
    solid . ' An inodorous, insipid substance, in strument. It has several meanings. A ten
    white, shining scales ; fusible and crystallizing don , —the intestines ( Chordæ.) Paracelsus calls
    in radiated fibres, on cooling. Soluble in alco- the genital organs, chorde . Chorda or Funid'.
    hol. It forms the crystalline part of certain ulus Tympani; a branch of the 7th pair of
    biliary calculi. See Adipocire. nerves, which passes through the tympanum ,
    CHOL'ICELE, from xoan, “ bile ,' and xoan, Nerf Tympanique- (Ch.) Corde du Tambour ou
    ' tumour. A swelling, formed by the bile du Tympan . Chordæ Willis'ii, Trabeculæ Wil
    morbidly accumulated in the gall -bladder. lis'ü , the small fibres , which cross the sinuses
    CHOLOLITHUS. See Calculi , biliary . of the dura mater : so called from their first de.
    CHOLOMA , from xw.os , lame, maimed . scriber, Willis . Chorde Tendin'eal; the tendi
    Distortion of a limb: incapacity of moving nous and cord -like substances, which connect
    it . Also, the act of limping, claudication , the columnæ carneæ of the ventricles of the
    ( q. v.) heart to the valves, &c.
    CHOLOS, Bile , Chole . CHORDA , Intestine - c . Veneris , Chordee .
    CHORDE 155 CHRONIC

    CHORDÆ , Chordee - c. Ferrenii, Chords, situate between the sclerotica and retina, has
    vocal . an opening, posteriorly, for the passage of the
    Chordæ LONGITUDINA'LES Lancisi . Two optic nerve; and terminates, anteriorly ,at the
    or three longitudinal elevations and lines on great circumference of the iris, where it is con
    the upper surface of the corpus callosum . linuous with the ciliary processes . The inter
    ChoruÆ VOCALES, Chords, vocal. nal surface of the membrane is covered with a
    CHORDAP'SUS, from yooon, intestine ,' dark pigment, called Pigmen'tum nigrum ,
    and antiiv , ' to lie .' Constriction or twisting Æthiops animal, ( F. ) Enduit choroïdien. Its
    of the intestines . - Celsus. The Colica lleus. use seems to be, to absorb the rays of light
    See Enteritis and Ileus . after they have traversed the retina.
    CHORDEE' or CORDEE' , Chorda Ven'eris , Plexus Cuoror'des, Plerus choroïdeus, Cho
    Chorda , Chordata Gonorrhæ'a. A painful af- roid Plerus. Two membranous and vascular
    fection of the penis, attending gonorrhea, and duplicatures of the pia mater, situate in the
    happening chiefly at night. It occurs when lateral ventricles. They are fixed to the Tela
    the violence of the inflammation is such , that choroidea by one edge , and are loose and float
    the urethra cannot expand as much as the cor- ing at the other.
    pora cavernosa during erection , and conse- Tela Cuonoidea, (F. ) Toile choroïdienne.
    quently the glans seems painfully drawn down- A kind of vasculo -membranous prolongation of
    wards. The application of cold water topi- the pia mater, which lines the lower surface of
    cally and the administration of opium inter- the fornix , united with the corpus callosum . It
    pally palliate it. is stretched above the third ventricle , and
    CHORE'A, Chorca Sancti Viti, from yopela , covers the posterior commissure and corpora
    ' a dance .' Sometimes called Scclotyr'be, Viti quadrigemina. Anteriorly , the tela choroidea
    Saltus, Salta'tio Sancti Viri, Ballis'mus, Con- is continuous with the plexus choroides.
    outsió habitua'lis, Siph'ita prava, Syn'clonus VENE CHOROIDEÆ , Venæ Gale'ni, ( F. ) Veines
    Chorea, Myotyr'bē, and Choreomd'nia , because choroïdiennes. Two veins, which creep along
    the movements resemble dancing. (F.) Cho the tela choroidea; ventricles
    rée, Danse de Saint- Witt , Danse de St. Guy . those of the lateraland into which almost all
    , of the upper
    The characteristics are :-irregular and invo- part of the cerebellum , of the pineal gland , and
    luntary motions of one or more limbs, and of the corpora quadrigemina open . The Venæ
    the face and trunk. It is a disease, which usu- Galeni open into the sinus quartus or fourth
    ally occurs before puberty ; and is generally sinus.
    connected with torpor of the system , and of CHOROIDE, CEINTURE BLANCHE DE
    the digestive system in particular. Its dura- LA, Ciliary ligament–c. Commissure de la,
    tion is long, but it is devoid of danger; al. Ciliary ligament.
    though frequently, but little under the control CHOSES CONTRE NATURE , Res contra
    of medicine. The spasms do not continue naturam - c. Naturelles, Res naturales — c. non
    during sleep . The indications of treatment Naturelles, Res non naturales .
    are : -10 strengthen the general system , and CHOU CABUS, Brassica eapitata — 6. Croûte,
    stimulate the intestinal canal. Purgatives, Sauer kraut-c. Fleur, Brassica Florida, Cauli
    once or twice a week, and chalybeates, with flower excrescence . Marin, Convolvulus
    appropriate regimen, will fulfil these . soldanella - c. Navet, Brassica rapa - c. Pommé
    CHOREGÍA , from yopos, ' a troop of dan- Brassica capitata — c. Potager, Brassica - c. Ro
    cers and singers,' and ayw ,' I lead .' Hippo- quetta , Brassica eruca.
    crates uses this term for the whole of the appa- CHRISIS, XQ1015, from ziw , ' I anoint . '
    ratus , necessary for a physician or surgeon . The action of anointing . Inunction (q . v . )
    CHOREOMANIA , Chorea . CHRISTI MANUS. Troches, prepared from
    CHORIODEI'TIS, Chorioidei'lis, Chorioi- refined sugar boiled in rose-water, with or
    di'tis, from xopoeidns, the choroid , and itis. without prepared pearls.
    Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye . CHRISTOS, Xplotos, from χρι », " I anoint .'
    CHORION , xoplov, 'skin, ' from xwosiv, ' to Any medicine applied under the form of lini
    contain ,' include . ' Camis'ia Fætus, the che- ment or ointment.
    mise or shirt of the fetus in utero . A thin , CHROEAS, Scrofula .
    transparent membrane , which surrounds the CHROMATOG'ENOUS ; from xposed , ' co
    fætus in utero on every side . It is exterior to lour,' and yevrow , ' I make.'
    the amnion . ChromaTOG' ENOUS APPARA'TUS. A parti
    Chorion also means the true skin. See Cotis. cular apparatus for producing the colouring
    Cuorion Fungosum , Decidua - e. reticula- matter of the skin , composed of a glandular or
    tum , Decidua - c. Shaggy, Decidua - c. Spon- secreting parenchyma, situate a little below
    giosum , Decidua - c. Spongy, Decidua - c. To- the papillæ, and presenting special excretory
    Inentosum , Decidua . ducts, which pour out the colouring matter on
    CHOROID , Choroïdeus, Choroïdes , from the surface of the true skin . — Breschet .
    yuqlov, ' the chorion , and oidos , shape,' ' re- CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA , Achromatop
    semblance.' Several parts are so called,which sia.
    resemble the chorion, in the multitude of their CHROMOP'SIA , Chromopia, Visus colora'
    vessels . tus, from zouna , ' colour,' and ouis, ' vision .'
    MEMBRA'NA or Tu'nICA CHOROIDEA , or sim- A state of vision in which a coloured impres
    ply the Choroid . ( F.). Membrane choroïde, sion is made on the retina. Said to be occa
    Choroïde. A thin membrane, of a very dark sionally observed in jaundice.
    colour, which lines the sclerotica ,internally. CHRONAGUNEA , Menstruation .
    The part, behind the iris, is called Urea . It is CHRONIC , Chron'icus, Chro'nius, Poly
    CHRYSALEA 156 CHYME

    Chronius, from xgoros, ' time.' Of long dura- from the food by intestinal absorption ; after
    tion . the food has been subjected to the action of the
    Chronic DISEASES , Morbi chronici, (F. ) Ma- digestive organs. It is of a whitish appear.
    ladies Chroniques , Macronos'iæ, Macro'sie , are ance ; is separated from the chyme in the duo.
    those whose duration is long , or whose symp- denum , and the rest of the small intestines :
    toms proceed slowly . The antithesis to chronic and is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,
    is Acute, ( q . v . ) which arise at the mucous surface of the intes
    CHRYSALEA, Nitro -muriatic acid. tine. Along these it passes through the mesen.
    CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis. teric glands to the thoracic duct,and is finally
    CHRYSAN'THEMUM LEUCAN'THEMUM, from poured into the left subclavian. It is composed,
    zovoos , ' gold ,' and ar9oş, ' a flower.' The 01- like the blood ,of a coagulable part and of serum
    eye daisy , Maudlin -Wort, Bellis major, Buph- CHYLEUX, Chylous .
    thalmum majus, Leucan'themum vulgu're, Belli- CHYLIF'EROUS VESSELS,Vasa chylif
    dioïdes, Consolida media, Oculus Bovis, ( F:) era , Vena lactea , Vasa lactea . The Lacteals,
    Chrysanthème, Chrysène, Grande Marguerite ( F.) Vaisseaux chylifères, V. Lactés. Vessels
    des prés. The flowers and herb are slightly whích convey the cliyle from the intestines to
    acrid ; and were once used in pulmonary dis- the thoracic duct.
    eases .
    CHYLIFICATION, Chylifica'tio, Chylo'sis,
    CHRYSĒ, from zovoos, ' gold .' The name Chylopoie'sis, from chylus, "chyle,' and facere,
    of a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of to make.' Formation of chyle by the diges
    Ægina, and composed of thus, alum , lead , co- tive processes.
    lophany, resin , oil, and orpiment, boiled in CHYLINE, Cyclamen.
    vinegar . CHYLISMA , Extract.
    CỦRYSÈNE, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli.
    mum . CHYLOG'RAPHY, from quảos, chyle ,'
    CHRYSITIS. See Plumbi oxydum semivi- anatomy,
    treum .
    and ypawn,& ca. description. A description ofthe
    of the chyliferous vessels, &c .
    CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI. See My. CHYLOPOIESIS , Chylification.
    ristica moschata . CHYLOPOIETIC, Chylopoiet'icus, from yu
    CHRYSOCALIS , Matricaria. hos, ' chyle ,' and noiew, • I make.' Any thing
    CHRYSOCHALCOS , Brass. connected with the formation of chyle . Chiefly
    CHRYSOCOLLA , Borax. applied to the organs immediately concerned
    CHRYSOCOMA , Achillea millefolium . in it ; as the stomach , intestines, omenta , and
    CHRYSOLACHANUM , Chenopodium bo- mesentery. Assistant Chylopoietic :-- those vis
    mus Henricus.
    i cera which aid in the formation of chyle , as the
    CHRYSOL'ITHUS, Chrys'olite, from zovoos, liver and pancreas ,
    ' gold ,' and 21909, stone . ' A precious stone , CHYLORRHEA , Cæliac flux - c . Pectoris,
    of a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as Chylothorax - c. Renalis, Chyluria - c. Urinalis,
    cardiac , cephalic , &c . Chyluria.
    CHRYSOMELIA . See Citrus aurantium . ČHYLOSIS , Chylification .
    CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINITO , Cainito , CHYLOSTAG MA DIAPHORETICUM
    Siderox'ylon, Broad-leaved Star-apple. A tree MINDERE'RI. A compound prepared by dis
    of the Antilles, which produces one of the best tilling the theriaca of Andromachus, the mith
    fruits of the country. There are several yarie . ridate of Damocrates, and other alexipharmics,
    ties of it . &c. It is nearly the same preparation as the
    CHRYSOPUS , Cambogia. Aqua Theriaca'liš Bezoar' dica .
    CHRYSOS, Gold . CHYLOTHORAX, Pleurorrha'a chylo'sa,
    CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tecto- Chylorrha'a Pectoris, Hydrothorax chylosus;
    chest."
    rum .
    from xvàoş , chyle,' and dupas, the
    CHTHONOPHA'GIA , Cacher'ia Africa'na, Effusion of chyle into the chest, owing to the
    from zdov, ' earth ,' and payo, ' I eat.' A disor- rupture of a chyliferous vessel.
    CHYLOUS or CHYLAR, Chyld'sus vel Chy.
    der of the nutritive functions observed amongst
    the negroes in the West Indies, in which there la'ris, (F.). Chyleur, Chylaire. Relating to the
    with thatfuid.
    is an irresistible desire to eat earth. It is ac- chyle ;or having someanalogy, Diabe'tes
    companied with most of the signs of chlorosis . CHYLU’RIA , Galactu'ria lactea ,
    CHU, Choa or Chus, 7H5, Chocus. A liquid Pyu'ria lactea , P. Chylo'sa, Ca’liaca urina'lis,
    measure amongst the Greeks, answering to crena'lis, Chylorrhe'a urina'lis, Ch. rena'lis,
    the Congius of theRomans,and containing six from yvios, chyle,' and ovpor, urine.' A dis
    sextarii, or twelve attic cotylæ , or nine pints. - charge of milky urine , without any apparent
    Galen . | lesion of the kidneys or bladder.
    CHUTE, Prolapsus — c. du Fondement, Proc- CHYME, Chymus, quuos, juice ,' from xuo ,
    tocele — c.de la Matrice , Procidentia uteri - c. du I flow .' A kind of grayish or homogeneous
    Rectum , Proctocele . pulp , formed by the food , after it has been for
    CHYLAIRE , Chylosus. some time in the stomach . It continues in the
    CHYLAR, Chylous. state of chyme as far as the biliary and pan
    CHYLARÍON , Chyle. creatic ducts, which open into the duodenum ;
    CHYLE Chýlus, zvaos, Succus nutritius, where the conversion into chyle occurs, which
    fr χυ
    om ω ,; " I flow . The word, in Hippocrates, is absorbed
    by the chyliferous vessels : -- the ex
    means Tisane or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'. crementitious portion of the food traversing the
    rion , xvi.color. Galen first used it in its present large intestine to be evacuated per anum .
    sense ;-- ; e . for a nutritive Auid, extracted Castelli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were
    CHYMI 157 CICHORIUM ENDIVIA

    used in an inverse sense, by the ancients, from stances might be given in combination, which ,
    that accepted at present. by forming a chemical union , might give rise
    CHYMI , Humours. to other compounds, possessing very different
    CHYMIA , Chymistry. virtues from the components taken singly , and
    CHYMIA’TER or CHIMIA’TER , from xv . thus the prescriber be disappointed in the re
    quia , chymistry ,' and tatoos , ' a physician .' sults.
    Tatro-chimicus. A chemical physician. CHYMOCHEZIA , Cæliac flux .
    CHYMIATRI'A or CHIMIATRI'A , latro- CHYMORRHEA, Cæliac Aux , Lientery.
    chym'ia, Ars Chymiatrica , from xvurde, chy- CHYMOSIS , Chymification .
    mistry ,' and largeta, ' cure .' The art of curing CHYTLEN , RADIX . A cylindrical root, bit
    by chemicalmeans. ter and inodorous, brought from China. It is
    CHYMICAL. A medicine, formed by the held by the Chinese to be stomachic. - Murray:
    aid of chymistry, in contradistinction to Gale- CHYTLON, Xurlov, from xev , “ I pour out.'
    nical . A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body
    CHYMICOPHANTA , Chymist . after bathing.
    CHYMICUS, Chymist . CIBARIƯM , Aliment.
    CHYMIE , Chymistry. CIBA'RIUS PANIS . “ Coarse Bread. ' Bread ,
    CHYMIFICATION , Chymifica'tio, from xv. made of second flour.-- Celsus.
    pos , " juice , ' and facere, ' to make.' Formation CIBA " TIO . The taking of food ,Trophe, toow .
    of chyme. Chymo'sis. In Pharmacy , it is the same as Incorporation .
    CHYM'IST or CHEM'IST , Chymicophan'ta , CIBUS , Aliment - c. Albus, Blanc manger .
    Chym'icus, ( F.) Chimiste or Chymiste. One CICATRICE, Cicatrix .
    acquainted with chymistry. In Great Britain CICATRICULA . Diminutive of Cicatrir .
    it has, also, the signification of “ one who sells A smull cicatrix. The term is , also , applied to
    chemicals.'' a small white spot, called the tread , observable
    CHYMISTE , Chymist. at the surface of a fecundated egg. See Mole
    CHYM'ISTRY or CHEMISTRY, Chymia cule.
    Chimia , Chemeutice, Philosoph'ia per ignem , CICATRISAN'TIA , Epulotica, Synulotica,
    Spagyr'ia, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosophia , Ars her- Apulot'ica, Ulotica. Remedies forinerly consi
    metica, Archima'gia ,Ars magorum , Ars separa . deredto be capable of producing cicatrization.
    to'ria, Ars spagir'ica ; from xuuos , " juice ,' or CICATRIX , Cæcu'irir , Ulē, 827, from cæcare,
    from Arab. chema, " a secret,' ( F.) Čhimie or ' to conceal,' because it conceals the wound,
    Chymie. A branch of the natural sciences, ( F. ) Cicatrice. The union of parts, which have 1
    whose object is to investigate the principles of been divided. A scar or formation, of a red 1
    bodies; -to examine the properties, enjoyed by dish colour, afterwards whitish, and more or 1
    the different compounds, produced by the union less thick , which takes place at the surface of
    of those principles ; and to study the force or wounds or ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix
    power, by virtue of which every combination may vary much in shape , consistence , and
    is effected. It investigates the action between thickness. The cicatrix of a bone is called
    the integrant molecules or atoms of bodies. Callus. A vicious cica'trir (F.) Cicatrice vi
    ANIMAL CHYM'Istry is the chymistry of sub- cieuse, is one which interferes with the action
    stances, afforded by the dead or living animal of the parts on which it occurs .
    body. This branch of chymistry has been far- The scars, which occur after small - pox , are
    thersubdivided into physiological, when it con- called Pits or Pockmarks, ( F.) Coutures par la
    siders the changes produced in animal sub- petite vérole.
    stances by the action of life; pathological, CICATRIZATION, Cicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sis.
    when it regards those produced by organic or The process by which a cicatrix is forined.
    other diseases. Anthropochymy is the chymistry Every tissue , except the nails, epidermis,hair,
    of the human body. and enamel,' is probably , capable of cicatriza
    Chymistry is called THERAPEU'TICAL or tion.
    PHARMACEUTICAL , when it is engaged in the CICELY , SWEET, Chærophyllum odora
    analysis of simple medicines; in improving the tum , Scandix odorata .
    prescribing and preparing of chemical and Ga- CICER ARIETI'NUM . The Cicer plant.
    lenical medicines ; in the means of preparing Erebin'thus , ( F. ) Cicérole, Pois Chiche.' The
    them, and detecting adulterations, & c. Hy seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread
    GJEN'Ic CHYM'ISTRY is that which is applied to in some countries.
    the means of rendering habitations healthy, of CICERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of tur
    analyzing the air we breathe, preventing the pentine and cream of tartar - of the size of u
    occurrence of disease, pointing out healthy ali- vetch or cicer.
    ments, and appreciating the influence of pro- CICERBITA , Sonchus oleraceus.
    fessions, & c . on the health of man . All these CICÉROLE, Cicer arietinum .
    different subdivisions , with vegetable chymis- CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA . The systematic
    try , are , at times, included under the head of name of the Endite. Endivia, Endi'ca , In'lu
    MEDICAL CHYM'ISTRY : atothers, the term com - bum , In'tybum ( Antiq.), Scariola , In'tybus hor
    prehends only the Animal, Vegetable and Phar- ten'sis, (F.) Chicorée des Jardins, Scariole.
    maceutical subdivisions . Family, Cichoraceæ . Sex. Syst. Syngenesia
    A knowledge of chymistry is of great impor. Polygamia æqualis. It is a common pot herb,
    tance to the physician. Many of the functions and is eaten as salad.
    are of a chemical nature : many diseases re- Cichorium In'TyBus, Seris, In'tubum crrati
    quire a chemical mode of treatment; and with cum. The systematic name of the Wild Suc'
    out an acquaintance with it, two or more sub- ' cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Wild Endive,
    CICHORY , WILD 158 CILIARY

    Ambuleia, Heliotro'pion, Catanan'ce, Cichoreum , lashes, or to cilia , (F.) Ciliaire. This epithet
    ( F.) Chicorée sauvage. It is bitter, and was has, also, been applied to different parts, which
    once used as a tonic. The root, roasted and enter into the structure of the eye; from the
    ground, is often used instead of, or mixed with, resemblance between some of them ( the ciliary
    coffee . processes) and the eyelashes.
    CICHORY , WILD , Cichorium intybus. CORPUS Cilia're, Ciliary Body, (F.) Corps
    CICI , Ricinis communis. ciliaire. A ring, surrounding the crystalline in
    the manner of a crown ; placed behind the iris
    CICINDEʼLA , Lampyris, lau nivois, Nocti-
    and the ciliary circle. It resembles the disk of
    luca, Nited'ula. " The Glow -worm , (É.) Ver
    a radiated flower, and is formed by the union
    luisant. This insect was once thought anodyne
    and lithontriptic . of the ciliary processes.
    CICIS . See Quercus cerris. Cul'IARY Proc''ESSES, Proces'sus cilia'res,
    CICON GIUS; an ancient measure , con. Rad'ü cilidres, Rayons sous-iriens— (Ch .,) (F.)
    taining 12 pints. Procès ciliaires. Triangular folds,sixty or eighty
    CICUTA , Conium maculatum . in number, placed at the side of each other,and
    Cicu'ta AQUAT'ICA, Cicu'ta viro'sa , Cicuta'- radiating, so as to resemble the disk of a radiated
    ria aquatica , Water Hemlock , Cowbane, ( F.) flower. They are lodged in depressions at the
    Cigue aquatique ou direuse. Family, Umbelli- anterior part ofthe vitreous humour. The uses
    feræ . Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A vio- of these processes are not known.
    lent poison , often eaten by mistake for the Ciliary LIGAMENT, or C. Circle, Ligamen'
    Wild Smallage, Apium Graveolens. It produces tum cilia'rë, Ann'ulus cilia'ris, A. cellulosus,
    tremors, vertigo, burning at the stomach, and Com'missure of the Uvea , Commissure de la
    all the symptoms occasioned by the Narcotico- Choroide,- (Ch.,) ( F.) Ligament ou Cercle
    Acrid class of poisons. ciliaire , Cercle de la Choroide, Ceinture blanche
    Cicuta Major, Conium maculatum - c. Ma- de la Choroide. A species of grayish ring, of a
    jor fætida, Conium maculatum - c, Terrestris, pulpy consistence, situate between the choroid,
    Conium maculatum - c .Virosa, Cicuta aquatica more
    iris, and sclerotica. It seems to be nothing
    than cellular tissue .
    -c . Vulgaris, Conium maculatum .
    CICUTARÍA , Chærophyllum sylvestre — c . CILIARY AR'TERIES , Arte'riæ cilia'res, ( F. )
    Aquatica, Cicutá aquatica, Þhellandrium aqua- Artères ciliaires. These are furnished by the
    ticum . ophthalmic artery. They are distinguished into
    CIDER , Poma'ceum , (F.) Cidre. This word 1. Short or posterior ( Art. uvéales,-Chauss.)
    is said to have been , formerly, written sidre, 30 or 40 in number, which are distributed to the
    and to have come from Sicera , olxepa , which ciliary processes. 2. Long (Art. Iriennes of
    signifies any kind of fermented liquor other Chauss .,) two in number, which, by the anas
    than wine. It is made from the juice of apples, tomoses of their branches, form two arterial cir
    and ,when good , is a wholesome drink. cles at the anterior surface of the iris : and , 3.
    CIDRE, Cider. The anterior, Arte'riæ cilia'res anteriores of
    CIGNUS ; an ancient measure, which con- Haller, the number of which is variable. These
    tained about two drachms. pierce the sclerotic a few lines from its union
    CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica — c. with the cornea ; and are principally distributed
    d'Eau, Phellandrium aquaticum - c. Grande, to the iris.
    Conium maculatum - c. Ordinaire, Conium ma- The Ciliary Strix are numerous, pale,
    culatum — c. Vireuse, Cicuta aquatica. radiated striæ, in the posterior portion of the
    CILIA, Basqagides. The eyelashes. The hairs Corpus ciliare, but so covered by the Pigmen
    on each eyelid, (F.) Cils. Their use seems to be, tum nigrum , as not to be distinctly seen till the
    to prevent the entrance into the eye of light paint is removed. The ciliary processes are
    bodies flying in the atmosphere; and to dimin- formed by these striæ.
    ish , in certain cases, the intensity of light. Also ZO'NULA Cilia'ris vel Membran'ula Coro'na
    the tarsi,tapoor. Also a peculiar sortof moving Cilic'ris. Under the corpus ciliare, the capsule
    organs, resembling smallhairs, whichare visible of the vitreous humour sends off an external
    with the microscope in many animals. These lamina , which accompanies the retina, and is
    organs are found on parts of the body, which inserted, with it ,into theforepart of thecapsule
    are habitually in contact with water, or other of the lens, a little before its anterior edge.
    more or less fluid matters, and produce motion This is the Zonula ciliaris. It is of a striated
    in these fluids, impelling them along the sur- appearance and circular form , and assists in
    face of the parts. fixing the lens to the vitreous humour.
    Cilia have been found to exist in all verte- The CiLIARYVeins,(F.) Veines ciliaires,fol
    brated animals except fishes, having been dis- low nearly the same course as the arteries. In
    covered on the respiratory and uterine mucous the choroid they are so tortuous, that they bave
    membranes of mammalia , birds , and reptiles. received the name Vasa vortico'sa . They open
    The terms vibratory motion" and ciliary into the ophthalmic vein.
    motion " have been used to express the appear- CILIARY NERVES ( Nerfs Iriens, -Chauss .)
    ance produced by the moving cilia ; and it is ( F.) Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12or 16 in num
    probable, that this motion is concerned in the ber. They arise from the nasal nerve, and par.
    progression of fluids along the mucous mem- ticularly from the anterior part of the ophthal
    branes. mic ganglion. They unite in two fasciculi,
    As yet, the motion has been observed only in whichpass around the optic nerve , and pierce
    the direction of the outlets of canals. the sclerotica near the entrance of that nerve
    CILIAIRE, Ciliary . into the eye . They are lost in the ciliary
    CIL'IARY , Cilia'ris . Relating to the eye. Iligament.
    CILLEMENT 159 CINEMA

    Cil'IARY or TARSAL Margin of the eyelids ; | rus, Cinchona officina'lis corlex flavus, Yellowo
    ( F.) Board ciliuire, the edge in which the cilia Burk , Culisaya Bark. (F.) Quinquina jaune ou
    or eyelashes are situate . jaune royal, Calasaya. Odour aromatic; taste
    Cil'iary Motion . See Cil'ia . strong, bitter, astringent. Not rolled ; often
    Cıl'haRY MUSCLE , Musculus cilid'ris . The without the epidermis , which is very thick and
    part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vi- inert: light , friable ; fracture fibrous. Active
    cinity of the ciliary margin . principle Quinine.
    CİLLEMENT, Nictation. CinchonÆ OBLONGIFO'LIÆ Cortex, Corter
    CILLO. A name given by some authors to ruber, Cinchonæ officina'lis, Cortex ruber. Red
    those, whose upper eyelid is perpetually trem- Bark, ( F. ) Quinquina rouge. Odour and taste
    ulous. A trembling, which in some cases is the same as the pale ,but more intense : in large
    called Life's blood. “ To have life's blood in flat pieces, solid , heavy , dry : fracture short
    the eye, ” in other words , is to have this affec . and smooth ; of a deep brownish-red colour.
    tion . Vogel calls it Cillo'sis. Although this variety of bark is assigned to the
    CILLOSIS , Cillo . Cinchona oblongifolia by some , it would seem ,
    CILS , Cilia. that nothing is certainly known as to its source.
    CIMEX , Koris, XORIS , Cimex lectula'rius. The Active principles, Cinchonine and Quinine.
    Wall or House or Bed Bug or Chinche . (F. ) Cincho'NÆ CariBÆ'Æ Cortex . Erosie ma
    Punaise. Six or seven of these, given inter- Caribe'a , C. Caribæun Bark ; the Saint Lucia
    nally , are said to have prevented ague! There Bark, ( F.) Écorce de Saint Lucie, Quinquina
    is scarcely any thing, which is sufficiently dis- Piton, and the Pitaya Bark , Quinquina bicolor,
    gusting, that has not been exhibited for this from an exostema (?) or from the Strychnos
    The pseudoquina (?), are useful substitutes for the
    purpose, and with more or less success .
    bug has also been esteemed emmenagogue. cinchona of Peru .
    CIMICIFUGA . See Actra Racemosa . All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic ,
    CIMOʻLIA PURPURES CENS, Terra Sa- and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark , is ,
    pona'ria, Terra Fullo'nica. Fuller's Earth. A at least, equal to any of the others, although the
    compact, bolar earth , employed in the arts. red contains more active principle. The dis
    2 Used at times as a cooling application to in - covery of their active principles is one of the
    flamed breasts, legs , & c . most important gifts of modern chymistry.
    Cimo'lia TERRA, Cimo'lia alba, Smectis, Still, in pernicious intermittents, the bark,in
    Smectris, Cimo'los, from Kyuw.os, an island in substance , is often demanded. It is employed
    the Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was in every disease in which there is deficient
    formerly used as an astringent, & c. —Scri- tone : but in cases where the stomach is much
    bonius Largus , Pliny . Probably the same as debilitated , the powder bad better be avoided ,
    as the last . in consequence of the woody fibre, which might
    L CINA CINA, Cinchona. disagree . Externally , it is used in enemata ,
    ! CINABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- gargles, & c., and in gangrenous ulcerations.
    brum . When it excites nausea , an aromatic may be
    CINABARIUM , Hydrargyri sulphuretum added to it: if purging, opium ; if costiveness ,
    rubrum . rhubarb, &c . Dose, zss lo zj or more.
    CINARA HORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus. The EssentiAL SALT OF BARK, as it is called ,
    CINCHO'NA. So called from the Spanish is an extract, prepared by macerating the
    Viceroy's Lady , the Countess de Cinchon, who bruised substance of bark in cold water, and
    was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1638. submitting the infusion to a very slow evapora
    Called also Cortex or Pulvis Jesuiticus, Jesuit's tion .
    Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum ,because it was Cinchona OFFICINALIS , (CORTEX Flavus,)
    introduced into Europe by the Jesuits ; and also Cinchonæ cordifoliæ cortex - c. Pallida, Cina
    Pulvis Comitissa or the Countess's Powder, chonæ lancifoliæ cortex-c. of Virginia , Mag
    and Cardinal del Lugo's Powder, Corter Car- nolia glauca .
    dina'lis de Lugo, because he introduced it at CINCH'ONINE , Cinchoni'na, Cinchonir.
    Rome . It is the pharmacopæial name of several Cincho'nia . The active principle of the Cin.
    kinds of barks from various species of the Cin. cho'na lancifo'lia. An organic , crystalline al
    chona. Nat. Order, Cinchonacea . Ser . Syst. kali ; of a white colour , and bitter, slightly as .
    Pentandria Monogynia . Called, also, Cortex, tringent taste ; very soluble in alcohol and
    Bark , Peru'vian bark, English Remedy, Cortez ether, but almost insoluble in water.
    Chinæ , Cortex Chinæ Regius, China, Chinchi'na , The sulphate of Cinchonine, which is formed
    Palos de Calentura , Kina Kina ( Bark of Barks,) directly from the cinchonine , is soluble in wa
    Kinki'na , Cina Cina, Quina Quina ,Quinqui'ná, ter and alcohol. The action of the sulphate of
    Magnum Dei donum . ( F.) Quinquina. cinchonine is similar to that of the sulphate of
    CINCHONÆ LancirO'LIÆ CORTEX. Cortex quinine ; but it is less energetic , and conse
    Lucie Peruvia'nus, Corter pallidus, Cinchona officina'-
    — Pale quently
    lis, Corter commu'nis, Cinchona pallida. requires to be given in a stronger dose.
    CINCHONINE, TARTRATE OF . See Quinine,
    DI
    Bark, Lora Bark, Crown Bark . (F.), Quinquina tartra te of.
    gris de Lora, Quinq uina Oran gé. Its odour is CINC , xiyadi , Cinclis'mu , agita
    'LISIS ois s
    aromatic ; taste pleasant, bitter, and astringent. tion ; rapid and frequent motion . The move
    The pieces are rolled in double or single quills. ment of the thorax in dyspnaa.-- Hippocr. It
    Epidermis brown , cracked ; fracture resinous. has been used , also, synonymously with Nicta
    Internally of a cinnamon colour. Its active tion , (q . v .)
    principle is the Cinchonine. CINEMA, Cine'sis, from x1180), • I move."
    CINCHONÆ CORDIFO'LIÆ Contex , Cortex fla- Motion .
    CINERARIA MARITIMA 160 CIRCUMDUCTIO

    CINERARIA MARITIMA, Achaovan, CIRCUIT, Circuitus, in Pathological lan


    Abjat. guage, generally means period ,' course .'
    CINERES CLAVELLATI , see Potash - c. CIRCUITUS, Period.
    Gravellati, see Potash - c . Russici, Potash of CIR'CULAR , Circula'ris, from circulus, ' a
    commerce . circle . ' (F.) Circulaire . Having the form or
    CINEREUS , Cineritious. figure of a circle. As Circular Amputation , & c .
    CINERI" TIOUS, Cinereus, from ci'neres, The French use the expression “ Une circu
    ( ashes ;' (F.) Cendré, of the colour of ashes. laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part.
    The cortical substance of the brain has, by some, CIRCULATION, Circula'tio, Cyclophoria ,
    been so called . See Cortex Cerebri . from cir'culus,' a circle : or rather ,from circum ,
    CINESIS , Cinema , Motion . · around, and ferre, latum , to carry .' ( F. )
    CINETH'MICS, from xIvEw , ' I move. ' The Circulation. Physiologists give this name to
    science of movements in general . the motion of the blood through the different
    CINETICA . Same etymon. Diseases af- vessels of the body :-to that function, by
    fecting the muscles, and characterized by ir- which the blood, setting out from the left ven
    regular action of the muscles or muscular tricle of the heart, is distributed to every part
    fibres, commonly denominated Spasm . The of the body by the arteries ;-proceeds into the
    3d order in the class Neurotica of Good. veins, returns to the heart, enters the right
    CINETUS, Diaphragm . auricle, and passes into the corresponding ven
    CINGULARIA , Lycopodium . tricle, which sends it into the pulmonary ar
    CIN'GULUM , Zone, covn , from Cingo, ' 1 tery to be distributed to the lungs, whence it
    bind .' ( F.) Ceinture. The part of the body, issues by the pulmonary veins, and passes into
    situate below the ribs, to which the girdle is the left auricle . Froin this it is sent into the
    applied . The waist. left ventricle,and is again distributed by means
    CINGULUM Hilda'ni , Zo'nula Hilda'ni. ( F.) of the arteries.
    Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle for- The Pulmon'ıc or LESSER CIRCULATION , is
    merly used for the reduction of luxations and the circle from the right to the left side of the
    fractures of the extremities. heart by the lungs.- The GREATER OR SYSTEM
    Cingulum MERCURIA'LE, C. Sapien'tia , C. At'ic or system'ıc , that through the rest of the
    Stulti " tiæ . A woollen girdle , containing mer- system .
    curial ointment. It was used as an antisyphi- The Capillary CIRCULA'TION , C. des Paren
    litic , and in diseases of the skin . ( F.) Cein- chymes, is that, which takes place in the capil
    ture de vif argent. lary vessels ; and which is, in some measure,
    CingulUM SANCTI JOANNIS , Artemisia vul- independent of the action of the heart. It is
    garis. in this capillary circulation , that the various
    CINIS FÆCUM, see Potash - c.Infectorius,secretions are effected; and that animal heat is
    see Potash . evolved. It is the seat of nutrition .
    CINNABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum CIRCULATOR, Charlatan .
    rubrum - c . Græcorum , see Calamus rotang. CIR'CULUS. A circle or ring ; Cyclus, Ci
    CINNAMOMUM , Laurus cinnamomum - c. rios, (F.) Cercle. Any part of the bodywhich
    Album , Canella alba - c. Indicum, Laurus cassia is round or annular, as Circulus Oculi - the
    -c . Malabaricum , Laurus cassia - c. Sinense, globe, bulb, or orb of the eye. - Hippocr., Galen.
    Laurus cassia . It is, also, applied to objects, which, by no
    CINNAMON , Laurus cinnamomum - c.Ma- means, form a circle,—as to the Circle of Wil
    labar , Laurus cassia - c. Wild , Laurus cassia. lis, an Anastomotic circle at the base of the
    CINON’OST,from xıram, “ I move,'and rooos, brain, formed by the carotid and basilary ar
    • a disease .' Diseases of motion. teries .
    CINOPLANE'SIS , from xivew ,' I move , ' and Circulus ARTERIO'sus I'RIDIS. The artery ,
    Alarnois, ' a wandering about.' Irregularity of which runs round the iris, and forms a circle .
    motion . CIRCULUS MEMBRANOLUS , Hymen .
    CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans. Circulus QUAD'RUPLEX ; a kind of bandage
    CINZILLA , Herpes zoster . used by the ancients .
    CION , Uvula. CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con
    CI'ONIS. The U'vula , (q. v. ) Also, tume- junctiva .
    faction , or elongation of the uvula. Staphylo- CIRCUMCISION , Circumcisio , Præcisio ,
    dialysis. Abscissio Præpu'tii, Circumcisu'ra, Circumsed'
    CIONI'TIS, from xioris, the uvula,' and tio , Perit'ome, from Circum around, and
    itis, inflammation. Inflammation of the uvula. cædere, “ to cut.' ( F.) Circoncision. An an
    CIPIPA . See Jatropha manihot. cient operation, performed by some nations as
    CIRCÆ'A LUTETIA'NA , Enchant'er's a religious ceremony. It consists in removing,
    Nightshade, (F.) Herbe de Saint-Etienne, Herbe circularly, a portion of the prepuce of infants :
    aur Sorciers. This plant, common in the vi-- a custom , which was probably suggested,
    cinity of Paris, was formerly considered to be with a view to cleanliness. In cases of extra
    resolvent and vulnerary. It was also supposed ordinary length of prepuce , or when affected
    to possess wonderful magical and enchanting with disease, the operation is, sometimes, un
    properties. dertaken by surgeons. A similar operation is
    CIRCOCELE , Cirsocele. performed on the female, by removing a por.
    CIRCONCISION, Circumcision. lion of the nymphæ, amongst the Ægyptians,
    CIRCONFLEXE , Circumflexus. Arabians, and Persians.
    CIRCONSCRIT , Circumscribed . CIRCUMCISURA , Circumcision .
    CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution. CIRCUMDUCTIO , Perisphalsis .
    CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX 161 CITRIC ACID
    CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX, Obliquus CIRSOÏ'DES,from x1900s, ' darit ,'and tidos 1
    superior oculi . resemblance .'
    Varicose , or resembling a va.
    CIRCUMFLEX'US, from circum , ' around, rix. Rufus of Ephesus , according to James,
    and flexus, ' bent.' (F.) Circonflere. Curved applies this term to the upper part of the brain,
    circularly. A name given to several organs.
    CIRCUMFLEXUS Mus'culus , Tensor Pala'ti, as well as to the spermatic vessels. (?)
    Peristaphyli'nus exter'nus vel inferior, Circum- andCIRSO M ,PHALU
    ouquios ' from
    navel .S, xipoos, varis ,
    Varicose dilatation of
    flex'us Pala'ti Mollis, Spheno -salpin'go staphyli'- the veins surrounding the navel. The term
    nus seu Staphyli'nus exter'nus, Musculustube has, likewise , been applied to the aneurismal
    nore , Pala'to -salpingeus, Pterygo -staphyli'nus, dilatation of the arteries of that region, called
    Petro-salpin' go -staphyli'nus, Spheno-pter'ygo-pa-also Varicomphalus, (F. ) Hargne unévrysmale,
    lati'nus,( F.) Palato -salpingien. A muscle, Aneurismal Hernia :
    which arises from the spinous process of the CIRSOPHTHALMIA , from xipoos , ' varix ,'
    sphenoid bone, and is inserted into the velum and op galuos, 'the eye.' Varicose ophthalmia,
    pendulum paluti. Its use is to stretch the Ophthalmia varico'sa , Varicos /itas conjuncti'da.
    velum .
    The Circumflex or Artic'ular AR'TERIES A high ofdegree
    vessels of ophthalmia
    the conjunct , in which
    iva are consider ably the
    in
    of the arm are distinguished into ;-anterior and jected .
    posterior. They arise from the axillary , and are CIRSOTOMY, Cirsotom'ia, from xipoos,' a
    distributed around the shoulder .
    The CIRCUMFLEX ARTERIES OF THE THigh for varix
    the, ' and toun,of'an
    removal incision
    varices Any operation
    by.'incision .
    are distinguished into external and internal (A. CIRSUS , Varix .
    Sous- Trochantériennes — Ch .) They are given CISEAUX, Scissors.
    off from the Profunda, and surround the head CISSA , Málacia.
    of the thigh bone. CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava.
    The CIRCUMFLEX Veins follow the arteries.
    CIRCUMFORANEUS , Charlatan. CISSARUS , Cistus creticus.
    CIRCUMFU'SA . CISSINUM , κισσινον . Name of a plaster of
    Hallé has thus desig. ivy,used in wounds of the nervesor tendons.
    nated the first class of subjects, that belong Paulus of Ægina :—from x1000s , “ ivy. '
    to Hygiène - as the atmosphere, climate , re- CISSOIDES, Capreolaris.
    sidence, &c .; in short, every thing which CISSOS , Hedera helix.
    acts constantly on man externally and gene- CISTER'NA , from xiorn, la chest,' (F. )
    rally.
    CIRCUMLI’TIO , Perichrisis, Perichriston. Patexnof the body,which serveras reservoirs for
    A term formerly used for liniments, but espe- different fluids ." The fourth ventricle of the !
    cially for those to be applied to the eyelids ; brain has , also, been so called . - Arantius,
    from Circumlino, ' I anoint all over. '
    CIRCUMOSSALE , Periosteum . The Lumbar CISTERN , Cister'na lumba'ris or
    CIR'CUMSCRIBED , Circumscriptus, ( F.) which Res'ervoir
    the of Pecquet,
    thoracic ductconsists dilatation
    presentsofin athe lumbar,
    Circonscrit. A term applied , in Pathology, to region. See Receptaculum Chyli.
    tumours , which are distinct at their base from CISTHORUS , Cistus creticus.
    the surrounding parts.
    CIRCUMSECTIO , Circumcision . CISTUS, GUM, Cistus creticus.
    CistusCissarus,
    CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava thorus, Creticus , Cistus Ladanif'era,Cis'.
    Dorycin'ium , Gum Cistus.
    et alba-c. des Oreilles, Cerumen.
    CIRON, Acarus, Psora. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia . The sys
    CIRIOS, Circulus. tematic name of the plant, whence the Lad'a
    num is obtained - Gum 'mi Lad'anum . Lad ' .
    CIRRAGRA , Plica. anum is a gum -resinous substance, of a very
    CIRRHOSIS, Cirronosis.
    CIRRONO'SIS , Kirrhono'sis, from zippos, agreeable
    masses. Its smell,
    colour found in the
    is blackish shops
    -green in ,warm
    ; taste great
    yellow ,' A yellow colouring, matter, some, and bitter. It is but little used now . For
    times secreted in the tissues, owing to a morbid merly, it was a component of warm plas
    process. Also called cirrhosis,or Kirro'sis. It ters, and was prescribed internally as a sto
    is not uneommon in the liver. machic .
    CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SĒ, Carduus hemor- CITERNE LOMBAIRE, Receptaculum
    rhoida'lis, Ceanothos, (F.) Chardon hémor- chyli.
    rhoidal. A common plant used in France in CITHARUS , Thorax .
    the form of cataplasms in hemorrhoids, and CITRAGO , Melissa .
    worn as an amulet. CITRARIA , Melissa .
    CIRSOCF'LE , Cir'coce'lē, from x1900s, ' va CITREA MALUS. See Citrus medica.
    rir ,' and unan , hernia .' Varicose Hernia . CITREOLUS , Cucumis sativus.
    The greater part of authors have employed the CITRIC ACID , Acidum citricum . The Acid
    term synonymously with Varicocele, ( 9. v. ) of Lemons, Ad'idum Limono'rum , (F.) Acide
    Pott gives it a different signification. Varico - Citrique. This acid is found in the lemon ,
    cele , he calls the tumour formed by the veins orange, & c. It is in rhomboidal prisms, which
    of the scrotum ; Circocele, Funiculus varico- slightly effloresce on exposure to the air. It
    SUS, the varicose dilatation of the spermatic dissolves in a twelfth part of its weight of boil
    veins. The scrotum feels as if it contained ing water, and has an extremely acid butagree
    earthworms. It is commonly an affection of able taste . It is employed in medicine as anti
    no consequence, demanding merely the use of septic , refrigerant, and diuretic. Rubbed up
    a suspensory bandage. with sugar and with a little of the essence of
    21
    CITRON 162 CLAUDITAS

    lemon , it forms the dry Lemonade, (F.) Limo- situate between the anus and the organs of
    nade sèche. generation .
    CITRON , see Citrus medica - c . Tree, see CLADISCOS , Ramusculus.
    Citrus medica. CLADONIA ISLANDICA , Lichen Islandi.
    CITRONELLE , Artemisia abrotanum , Me cus.
    lissa. CLADO'NIA RANGIFERRI'NA . The ancients
    CITRUL, SICILIAN , Cucurbita citrullus . regarded this European plant as pectoral and
    CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus . stomachic. It enters into the composition of
    CITRUS . See Citrus medica. the Poudre de Chypre.
    Citrus AurAN'TIUM . The systematic name CLADOS , Ramus.
    of the Orange Tree, Auran'tium ,A. Hispalen'se, CLAIRET, Claret.
    Malus Auran'tia Major, Malus Auran'tia, Au- CLAIRVOYANCE , (F.) “ Clearseeing.' A
    ran't ium vulga're, Malus Auran'tia vulga'ris. clearness of sight, said to be communicated by
    Nat. Ord . Aurantiaceæ . Sex. Syst . Polya- animal magnetism , which not only enables the
    delphia Scosandria . The fruit are called Mala magnetized person to see in the dark , through
    Aurea , Chrysomelia , Neran'tia , Martia 'na Po- stone walls , &c but even to observe prospects,
    ma, Poma Aurantia , Auran'tia Curassarica , whilst he fancies he is flying in the air, which
    S

    Orunges, Poma Chinen'sia. The Flowers of he has never seen previously . It need hardly
    the Orange, Flores Naphe , are highly odorife- be said , that the possession of such powers is
    rous, and used as a perfume. On distillation, fabulous.
    they yield a small quantity of essential oil- CLANGOR , Paraphonia.
    Oleum vel Essentia Nero'li. They were once CLAP , Gonorrhea impura .
    used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The CLAPIER ( F. ). A clapper , Latibulum . A
    leaves, Folia Auran'tii , have a bitterish taste, purulent focus of disease : concealed in the
    and furnish an essential oil . They have been flesh or under the skin - from xhentelv ,' to con
    used for the samepurposes as the flowers. The ceal . ' See Sinus.
    yellow rind of the fruit, Cortex Aurantii, CLAR’ET , Clare'tum , Vin de Bordeaut. (F. )
    Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used Clairet . A pleasant French wine , which may
    in dyspepsia, and where that class of remedies be used, whenever wine is required . Also, a
    is required. The Juice, Succus Aurantii, wine impregnated with spices and sugar, called
    Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and used as a likewise Vinum Hippocraticum , or Potus Hip
    beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections. pocrat'icus, Hippocras, Hyppocras. Schröder
    Citrus Men'ica. The systematic name of
    the Lemon Tree .
    speaks ofa Clare'tum alterans and a C. purgans.
    CLARETA , Albumen ovi .
    The Lemon , Limo'nium malum , Limonum CLARETUM , Claret.
    Bacca , Malus Medica, Malus Limo'nia Ad'ida, CLARIFICA'TION , Clarifica'tio, Depura'
    Limon , Citrea Malus, Citrus, (F.) Citron, has tion, from clarus, 'clear,' and fa'cio,' l make. A
    afragrant odour,depending upon theessential pharmaceutical operation, which consists in se
    oil, Ö'leum Limonis, of the rind. The juice, parating from a liquid every insoluble substance
    Succus Limo'nis is sharp but gratefully acid, the held in suspension by it , and which affects its
    acidity,depending upon the citric acid it con- transparency. Decanting and filtering are the
    tains. The outerrind , Cortez Limo'num , Lemon operationsnecessary for this purpose .
    Peel, Zest, Flade do Cor'ticum Citri, is used in CLARY , COMMON, Salvia sclarea.
    the same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii . The CLASIS , Fracture.
    juice is given as a refrigerant beverage, in fe- CLASMA , Fracture.
    brile affections. Alone , or combined with wine, it CLASS , Clas'sis, (F. ) Classe. An assem
    is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, &c. blage ofa certain number of objects. In Natu
    Its generalproperties are refrigerant and antisep- ral History and in Medicine, a class is a group
    tic . Sweetened and diluted, itformsa Lemonade. of objects or individuals having one or more
    The Citrox TREE is likewise considered to common characters. The classes are divided
    belong to the same species—the Citrus Medica. into orders, the orders into genera , the genera
    Its fruit is called cedromela. It is larger and into species a
    , nd these last into varieties.
    less succulent than the lemon . Citron juice, CLASSIFICA’ TION , Classifica'tio , from
    when sweetened with sugar, is called by the clas'sis, a class,' and facio , I make .' . The for
    Italians Agro di Cedro. mation of classes. A methodical distribution
    The Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck , of beings , or any objects whatever into classes,
    another variety of the Citrus Medica, affords orders, genera , species, and varieties. See
    the Bergamote, (which see . ) Nosography and Nosology.
    CITTA, Malacia. CLASSY , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    CITTARA , MINERAL WATERS OF. Classy is near Laon in Picardy, France. The
    These springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near waters are chalybeate .
    the sea. They containcarbonate and sulphate CLAUDICATION , Claudica'tio, from Clau
    of lime, and muriate of soda. Their tempera- dica're, ' to be lame. The act of halting or
    ture is 1000 Fahrenheit. limping. Lameness, Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis , (q .
    CITTOS , Hedera helix .
    CITTOSIS , Chlorosis, Malacia . v.) Cholei'a, Cholo'ma. ( F.) Claudication , Boite.
    ment . This condition is not any particular
    CIVET'TA, ZiV'ethum , Civet. (F.) Civette. disease, but is produced by different causes or
    An unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating affections. It may be the effect of the shortening
    odour, obtained from different mammalia ofthe or elongation ofone of the lower limbs, of anchy
    Viver'ra kind, particularly from the Virerra losis of the joints, palsy of the muscles , pain , & c .
    siretta. It is contained in a fold of the skin , CLAUDİTAS, Claudication .
    CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS 163 CLIMACTERIC

    CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the CLEIDO- MASTOIDEUS . Albinus thus


    fauces - c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati - c. designates the posterior portion of the sterno
    Virginitatis , Hymen . cleido-mastoideus, ( q. V.) which he considers
    CLAUSU'RĂ , from clau'dere, ' to shut.' An a separate muscle. It has been corrupted into
    imperforation of any canal or cavity . clino- mastoideus .
    Clausu'RA UTERI, preternatural imperfora- CLEIS , Clavicle , Key.
    tion of the uterus. CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from xhels, the
    CLAVA MYOSA , Acorus calamus. clavicle ,' and ayga, 6 a seizure .' Gout in the
    CLAVALIER A FEUILLES DE FRENE, clavicle. - A . Paré .
    Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. CLEMATIS DAPHNOIDES MAJOR , Vin
    CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES, Coralloï- ca minor.
    des Fungus, Coralwort. Said to be corroborant CLEMATIS RECTA, Flam'mula Jovis, Upright
    and astringent. A kind of clavaria, called Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite droite . Family
    Digital blanc, Digital humain, Champignon de Ranunculaceæ . Ser. Syst. Polyandria Poly
    l'appareil des fractures, formed of digitations, gynia . The leaves contain an acrid principle.
    grouped together, and two or three inches in They have been esteemed anti-venereal; and ,
    length , is said to have been often found, for-in the form of powder, have been used as es
    merly at the Hôtel Dieu of Paris , on the splints charotic .
    of white wood used in the treatment of frac- CLEMATIS VITAL'BA , Vitalba, Vior'na , Atra
    tures, in autumn. - H , Clouquet. gene, the Trad eller's Joy, Common Virgin's
    CLAVATIO , Gomphosis . Bower, ( F.) Clematite, Herbe aux gueur, Aube
    CLAVES CÁLVARIÆ ,Wormiana ossa. vigne. It has been used in the same cases as
    CLAVICLE, Clavicula , Clavis, Clavic'ulus, the former. In infusion it has been applied in
    Lig'ula , Fur'cula, Os Jug'uli, Cleis, Clei'dion, cases of itch. The leaves of the Clematis crispa
    from claris, ' a key ,' (F.) Claricule. The collar- have similar properties.
    bone. The clavicle is shaped like the letter S, CLEMATİTE, Clematis vitalba — c. Droite,
    and is placed transversely at the upper part of Clematis recta.
    the thorax. It is articulated, at one extremity CLEO'NIS COLLYRIUM . A collyrium ,
    with the sternum , at the other with the acro- described by Celsus,composed of equal parts of
    mion process of the scapula. It gives attach- Samian earth , myrrh , and thus, mixed with
    ment, above, to the Sterno-cleido -mastoideus; white of egg,
    below , to the Subclavius; before, to the Pectora- CLEO'NIS GLUTEN. An astringent formula
    lis Major and Deltoides; and behind, to the Tra- ofmyrrh , frankincense , and white of egg.
    pezius. It serves as a point of support for the CLEP'SYDRA, from xhentw, ' I conceal,
    muscles of the arm , and protects the vessels and and vdwg , 'water.' An instrument contrived by
    nerves passing to that extremity . Paracelsus to convey fumigations to the uterus.
    The fibres, connecting the lamellæ or plates of CLEVES , MINERAL WATERS OF. This
    bones,have, also,beencalled Clavic'uli or Nails. spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves in
    CLAVICULE , Clavicle. Westphalia ." It contains carbonate and sul
    CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key-c. Anglica, Key - phate of iron .
    c. Secalinus , Ergot. CLIGNEMENT, Nictation .
    CLAVUS. A nail, Helos, nãos, Gomphos , CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation .
    youpos, (F. ) Clou. This word is employed in CLIMA , Climate.
    Medicine in various senses. It means , 1. A Corn ., CLIMACTER'IC , Climacter' icus or Clima
    ( 9. v.) from its resemblance to the head of a ter'icus, from xamparing , ' a step ,' (F.) , Climact'.
    nail. 2. Certain condylomatous excrescences, perly signifies,
    of the uterus. 3. A callous tumour, which érique ou Climatérique.
    hy degrees. A Itword ,which
    has been pro
    applied
    forms on the white of the eye, and resembles to certain periods of life, regarded to be critical.
    a pail , the Claous Oculi, (F.) Clou de l'æil. ANNI CLIMACTER'ıcı. Climacter'ic Years ,
    This last, by some, is considered to be synony- are , according to some, all those in the life of
    mous with staphyloma; by others, with staphy. man, which are multiples of the number7, Sep
    loma of the cornea .
    tenniads. Others have applied the term to
    Clavus Hyster'icus, Monopu'gia , (F.) Clou years, resulting from the multiplication of 7 by
    hystérique. An acute pain, confined to a small an odd number. Some have admitted only
    point of the head , described by the sick as re- three climacterics; others,again ,have extended
    sembling that which would be produced by a them to multiples of 9. Most, however, have
    nail, driven into the head . It has been particu- considered the 63d year as the Grand Climac
    larly noticed in hysterical females, hence its teric ;—63 being the product of the multiplica
    name. It is called Ovum kyster'icum , when the tion of 7 by 9 ; and all have thought that the
    pain occupies a greater extent. period of three , seven , or nine , which they re
    Clavus Siliginis, Ergot. spectively adopted , was necessary to the entire
    CLEANSINGS , Lochia. renewal of the body ; so that there was, at these
    CLEARSEEING , Clairvoyance. times, in the economy , none of the parts of
    CLEAVERS , Galium aparine. which it had previously consisted. The climac.
    CLEAVERS ' Bees , Galium aparine. teric years have also been called , hebdomad'ici,
    CLEF DU CRANE, Wormianum , os — c. de scala'res,grada'rii,scan'siles.genethliaci,natali"
    Garengeot, Key - c.à Noir, see Key - c.à Pivot, tii,fata'les, crit'ici, decretorii, hero'ici, &c. The
    see Key - c .à Pompe, see Key . whole of the notions on the subject are essen
    CLEIDAGRA , Cleisagra. tially allied to the doctrine of numbers of Py.
    CLEIDION , Clavicle. thagoras.
    CLEIDO -COSTAL, Costo-clavicular . At present, word Climacteric is chiefly
    CLIMATE 164 CLIMATE

    applied to certain periods of life,at which great derive every advantage, which this form of re
    changes occur, independently of any numeri- vulsion is capable of effecting.
    cal estimate of years. Such are the period of To an inhabitant of the northern and middle
    puberty, in both sexes, that of the cessation of portions of the United States — and the same
    the menses in women , &c. applies to Great Britain , France, and the north
    CLIMATE , Clima, raya, ( F.) Climat. In ern parts of the old world — a more southern
    Geography, the word climate is applied to a climate alone affords these advantages in an
    space of the terrestrial globe, comprised be- eminent degree.
    tween two circles parallel to the equator, and During the summer months, there are few ,
    arbitrarily measured according to the length of if any, diseases, which require a milder climate
    the days. In a Hygienic point of view , we than that of the United States, or of the milder
    understand by climate, since Hippocrates, a districts of Europe. The temperature of the
    country or region, which may differ from an- winter months is, consequently, the most im
    other in respect to season, qualities of the soil, portant object of attention.
    heat of atmosphere , & c . Climate, indeed , em- Equability of temperature is essential, inas
    braces, ina general manner, all the physical much as all sudden changes interfere with the
    circumstances belonging to each district : cir- great desideratum - exercise in the open air.
    cumstances which exert considerable influence in the whole continent of North America the
    on living beings. The dark complexion, e. g. changes are very sudden and extensive. It is
    of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily not uncommon for the range to be 40°, between
    distinguishable from the paleness of those of twosuccessive days. So far, therefore, as this
    the frigid,--so are the diseases. They are all'applies, theAmerican climate is notwell adapt
    modified, more or less, by climate or locality . ed to the invalid. In the southern portions,
    Hot climates predispose to abdominal compli- however, of the Union , this objection is coun
    cations in febrile affections, cold climates to terbalanced by many advantages.
    thoracic , & c. The following Tables exhibit the mean tem
    One of the most important considerations perature of the year, and of the different sea
    with regard to climates, is their comparative sons — with the mean temperature of the warm
    fitness for the residence of invalids, and es- est and coldest months of different places in
    pecially of those who are liable to , or suffering America, Europe, Africa , & c.,as deduced from
    under catarrhal or consumptive affections. the excellent paper of Von Humboldt on Iso
    The great object, in such cases , is to select thermal Lines, the Meteorological Registers
    a climale which will admit of regular and daily kept by the Surgeons of the United States Army,
    exercise in the open air, so that the invalid may the work of Sir James Clarke on Climate, & c .
    1. AMERICA , &c .
    Mean
    temper
    Mean temperature of different. Mean tempera
    Lati seasons . ture of
    PLACES. Jature or
    tude.
    several Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Warmest/ coldest
    years . month . month .

    Nain ,Labrador, 57.008' 26042 0.060 23 060 48.038 33. 44 51 080 11.020
    Fort Brady , Mich . 46.39 | 41.37 14.0937 . 961.83 43.94 62.87 | 12.65
    Quebec, L. C. 46.47 41.74 14.18 38.84 68.00 46.04 73.40 13.81
    Eastport, Me. 44,54 42.44 23.44 38.58 60.54 45.43 63.52 20.91
    Fort Howard , Mich . 44.40 44.50 20.82 41.40 68.70 45.18 73.67 17.95
    Fort Crawford , Miss. 43.03 45.52 23.76 43.09 69.78 46.74 71.34 20.14
    Cambridge, Mass. 42.21 50.36 33.98 47.66 70.70 49.82 72.86 29.84
    Council Bluffs, Miss. 41.25 50.82 27.38 46.38 72.84 48.60 75.92 27.19
    Newport, R. I. 41.30 | 51.02 33.82 46.87 68.70 53.83 71.46 | 32.14
    Philadelphia , 39.56 | 53.42 32.18 51.44 73.94 | 56.48 | 77.00 32.72
    New York , 40.40 53.78 29.84 51.26 79.16 54.50 80.78 25.34
    Cincinnati, 39.06 / 53.78 32.90 54.1472.86 54.86 | 74.30 30.20
    Monticello, Va. 37.58 | 55.40 | 37.67 54.67 73.33 56.50 75.00 36.00
    Washington , D.C. 38.53 55,56 " 36.80 53.83 75.90 | 56.59 79.13 -34.66
    Smithville, N. C. 34.00 58.88 53.44 | 64.76 80.46 68.15 82.93 50.69
    Charleston , S. C. 32.47 60.18 | 51.09 | 66.73 80.89 67.55 82.81 49.43
    Natchez , Miss . 31.34 | 64.76 48.56 65.48 | 79.16 66.02 79.70 46.94
    Pensacola, Flor. 30.28 68.771 55.13 69.67 82.57 69.05 83.55 53.80
    St. Augustine, do. 29.48 72.23 59.29 71.47 82.73 75.15 83.94 56.60
    Tampa Bay, do. 27.57 72.37 61.24 72.93 80.14 | 75.28 80.72 58.70
    Vera Cruz , 19.11 | 77.72 | 71.96 77.90 81.50 78.62 81.86 71.06
    Havanna , 23.10 78.08 71.24 | 78.98 83.30 78.99 | 83.84 69.98
    26.40
    Bahamas , to 78.3 71 . 77 . 83 . 80 . 90 . 64 .
    27.5
    Barbadoes, 13.10 | 79.31 76.7 79. 81 . 80 .
    Cumana , 10.27 | 81.86 80.24 | 83.66 | 82.04 | 80.24 | 84.38 | 79.16
    * St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38.- 46 . Mean temperature 55.986 . New Harmony, Lat. 38.011'. Mean temperature
    56.074 .
    † New Orleans, Lat. 30.º. Mean temperature 69.001. Baton Rouge , Lat. 30.° 26 '. Mean temperature 680.07.
    Jamaica , coast, Mean temperature 80.– 6.
    CLIMATE 165 CLIMATE

    2. EUROPE , AFRICA , & c .


    Mean Mean temperature of different Mean tempera
    Lati temper
    PLACES. seasons . ture of
    ature of
    tude .
    several
    years .
    Winter . Spring Summer. Autumn. warin'st coldest
    month . month .

    Geneva , 48.012 49.28 34.70 47.66 64 94 50.00 66.56 34.16


    Gosport , 48.1 50,24 * 40.44 47.63 62.00 50.88
    Newport, Isle of Wight, 50.40 51.00 40.31 49.00 63 09 51.63
    Paris , 48.50 51.08 38.66 49.28 64.58 51.44 05.30 36.14
    Sidmouth , 52.10 40.43 50.66 63 83 53,50
    Penzance , 52.11 52.16 44.66 49.66 60.50 53 84
    Pau , 43.7 54 95 41.79 54.96 , 67.41 55.64
    Sienna, 43.24 55 60 40.50 54.10 70.80 57.10
    3
    Nantes, 47.13 55.624 42.23 53.10 70.73 56.41 70.52 ' 39.02
    Bourdeaux , 44.50 56.48 42.08 | 56.46 70.88 56.30 73.04 : 41.00
    Montpelier, 43.36 57.60 44.20 53.33 71.30 61.3 )
    Avignon , 58.20 42.60 57.13 74.66 59.00
    Florence, 43.46 59.00 | 44.30 56.00 74.00 60.70)
    Nice , 43.42 59.48 | 47.82 56.23 72.2661.63
    Marseilles , 43.17 59.50+ 45.50 57.56 72.50 60.08
    Toulon , 43.07 59.90 43.30 53.70 74.30 59.00
    Leghorn, 43.33 60.00946.30 57.60 74.10 62.00
    Genoa, 44.25 60.37 ' 44.57 58.60 75.03 62.94
    Pisa , 43.43 60.60 46.03 57.20 75.15 62.80
    Rome , 41.53 60.40 45.86 57.74 75.20 62.7877.00 42.26
    18 Naples, 40.54 61.40 48.50 58.50 70.83 64.50
    St. Michael's, Azores , 37.47 62.40 / 57.83 61.17 68.33 | 62.33
    3: Cadiz , 36.32 62.88 52.90 59.53 70.43 65.35

    Madeira , Funchal, 32.37 64.56 59.50 / 62.20 69.33 67.23


    Algiers, 36.48 69.98 61.52 | 65.66 80.24 | 72.50 82.76 60.08
    Canaries, Santa Cruz, 28.28 | 70.94 64.65 68.87 | 76.68 74.17
    Cairo , 30.02 | 72.32 58.46 73.58 85.10 71.42 85.82 56.12
    * London , Lat 51.930'. Mean temperature 50.936. Environs of London , Mean temperature 48.081 .
    Lyons, Mean temperature 55.276. Perpignan , Mean temperature 59.054 .
    Nismes , Mean temperature 602. 26 .
    The following tabular views show the mean monthly temperature, maximum , minimum , and
    range, as well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range, during the corresponding months
    but of different years - at some of the prominent retreats for the valetudinarian, in Great Britain ,
    on the continent of Europe, and in the African islands. It is proper , however, to remark , that
    in no situations, except in those to which an asterisk is affixed, was the register thermometer used .
    In the others, the observations were made during the day only, and consequently the numbers
    given are far below the real range throughout the twenty -four hours.
    The places are ranged in the order of their mean temperature.
    TABLE OF MEAN TEMPERATURE.
    PLACES. December. January . February . March . April.

    Sidmouth , 43.00 36. 30 42.00 45.00 51 . 00


    Penzance, 46.50 43.00 44.50 46.50 48.50
    Pau , 41.53 38.89 44.96 46. 80 55.79
    Montpellier, 46.00 42.00 45.00 47.00 53.00
    Nice , 48.60 45.85 49.00 51.45 57.00
    Rome, 4962 47.65 49.45 52 .05 56. 40
    Naples , 50.50 46.50 48.50 52.00 57.00
    Madeira , 60.50 59.50 58.50 61 . 06 62.50
    TABLE OF MAXIMUM , MINIMUM AND RANGE OF TEMPERATURE .
    December. January . February. March . April.
    PLACES .

    G Sidmouth ," 54 25 29 47 21 26 52 27 25 56 26 30 60 31 29
    Penzance ,* 56 34 54 28 26 55 33 22 59 34 25 62 36 26
    Pau , 56 2531 56 35 60 35 25 65 35 30 7143 28
    57 | 32 25 53 27 26 55 30 25 58 35 2364 41 23
    Montpellier, 59 40 19 58 27 31 58 37 21 65 41 24 69 | 46 23
    Nice
    Rome , 60 | 31 | 29 58 29 29 60 33 27 65 37 | 28 | 74 44 30
    Naples , 61 34 27 | 58 29 29 60 31 29 69 38 31 78 43 35
    Madeira ,* 68 52 | 16 | 69 50 | 19 68 | 51 | 17 69 51 | 18 72 55 / 17
    1
    CLIMATERIC 166 CLOANX

    TABLE OF DAILY RANGE OF TEMPERATURE.


    December. January February . March . April .

    CES .

    Sidmouth , 13 13 12 12 13

    Va IA
    Penzance , 6 8 9
    Pau , 13 16 9 16 17 8 18
    9 14 14
    Montpellier ,
    Nice, 14 16 9 18 17 11 18
    Rome , 15 11 16 10 18 12 19 10 20
    Naples , 9 13 14 11 19 11 18 14 20
    11 14 11 17 9 13 10 14 9 13
    Madeira ,"

    In the United States , the most favourable clinoides, are four processes at the upper sur
    region for the phthisicalinvalid is that of Flo- face of the sphenoid bone, which have been
    rida - especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine compared to the posts of a bed . On them the
    is frequently chosen , but it is liable to north -east pituitary gland rests. They are divided into
    storins, which interfere with the movements of anterior and posterior. Each of the anterior
    and are the source
    the valetudinarian, ,great of much terminates in a point called Transverse Spinous
    discomfort. Still benefit has often been Process.
    derived from it as a winter retreat . CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina.
    Of the Atlantic Islands , Madeira appears to CLINOPO'DIUM VULGA'RĒ , from xdur,
    be best adapted for the consumptive: and those a bed,' and rovs ,' foot,' so called from the
    affected with chronic bronchitis. In Italy, shape of its flowers. Wild Basil. (F.) Grand
    Rome and Pisa, —and in England, Torquay Basilic saurage. A European plant, which
    and Undercliff, are to be preferred. was bites
    formerly consideredanimals,
    to be an antidote to
    Chronic Rheumatism and Gout are bene. the of venomous to facilitate la
    fited by a warm climate. This, again, is un bour, relieve strangury , stop diarrhæa, &c.
    favourable to those who are predisposed to CLIQUETIS, Crepitation.
    cerebral diseases, especially to diseases that are CLISEOM'ETER Cliscom'etrum
    characterized by debility and mobility of the racons, inclination , , and metgov, measu
    , from
    6
    re .'
    nervous system - as paralysis, epilepsy , mania, An instrument, intended to measure the de
    & c. Hypochondriasis and Dyspepsia require gree of inclination of the pelvis, and to deter
    rather change of climate and travelling exer- mine the relation between the axis of thepelvis
    cise than a sojourn in any one. (See the Au. and that of thebody . - Osiander, Stein .
    thor's Elements of Hygiene , Philad. 1835.) CLITBUR , Arctium lappa .
    For the mortality of different countries and CLITORIDIS INFERIORIS LATI ET
    cities, see Mortality. PLANI MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni .
    CLIMATERIC , Climacteric. CLITORIS, from_xi.ytvo, ' a servant who
    CLIMATIC, Climaticus. Belonging to, or invites guests . (?) Dulce'do Amoris, Myrton ,
    dependent upon climate . Estrum , Penis muliebris, Mentula muliebris,
    CLIMATIC DISEASES, Morbi climatici, are Membrum muliebre, Superla'bia, Cerco'sis,
    such as are caused by climate . (q. v . ) A small, round organ , situate at the
    CLINE, xiun, ' a bed .' Hence : upper part of the vulva, and separated by a
    CLINICAL , Clinicus, (F.) Clinique. Re- small space from the anterior commissure of
    lating to a bed. the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight
    CLINICAL LECTURE, (F. ) Leçon clinique. One fold, similar to the prepuce ; and it is, inter
    given at the bedside , or on a particular case or
    cases.
    nally, of the same structure as the corpora ca
    vernosa penis. The artery of the Clitoris, (F. )
    Clinical MEDICINE, (F.) Médecine clinique, Clitorienne, is a branch of the internal pudic.
    that which is occupied with the management The rein communicates with the internal pu
    of diseases, taken at the bedside or indivi- dicCLITORISM
    ; and the nerve with the pudic.
    dually. ; a word , invented to express
    Clinique, in French, is occasionally used, the abuse made of the clitoris. Also, an un
    substantively, for École clinique, or Clinical usually large clitoris, Cercosis externa.
    School ;-a school in which Medicine is taught, CLOACA , ( F.) Cloaque, from cluere, to
    by examining diseases on the patients them- purge itself;" from xhuio, ' I wash . The
    selves. Thus, the French say,-La Clinique pouch at the extremity of the intestinal canal ,
    de la Charité; “ The Clinical School of the in which the solid and liquid excretions are
    Hospital La Charitê.” commingled in birds , fish and reptiles. In the
    CLINIQUE, Clinical . male it gives exit to the excrements , sperm
    and urine: in the female to the eggs, fæcal
    CLINOID, Clinoïdes, from xiurn , ' a bed ,' matters
    and &180s,' form.' Resembling a bed. , and urine .
    The Clinoid Proc''ESSES , (F. ) Apophyses CLOANX, Orpiment.
    1
    CLOAQUE 167 COAGULUM 1

    CLOAQUE, Cloaca. Common , Enema commune-c . Domestic, En.


    CLOCHE (F.) A popular expression in ema commune - c. Fætid , Enema fætidum - c.
    France, for a blister or other vesicle. Pipe, Elasma - c . Purging , Enerna catharti
    CLOISON , Septum -c . des fosses nasales, cum-c . Starch and opium , Enema anodynum
    Septum narium - c. Transparente, Septum lu-- c. Tobacco, Enema tabaci - c. Turpentine ,
    cidum . Enema terebinthine - c. Uterinus, Sparallium .
    CLONIC , Clon'icus, from xloros, ' agitation ,' CLYSTÈRE, Enema.
    motion .' ( F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive CNEME , Leg, Tibia.
    motions. Convulsion with alternate relaxa- CNEORON , Daphne gnidium.
    tion ; in contradistinction to tonic , which sig. CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM , Almezérion ,
    nifies a constant rigidity .
    tia'les.
    Clonus, Clonicipar- Acnes'tos, Chama'lea , Widow -wail, Spurge
    Olive. (F.) Camelée. This plant, a native of
    CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus , Southern Europe, contains a very irritating,
    CLONIQUE, Clonic. acrid principle . The ancients employed its
    CLONISM, Clonis'mus; same etymon . Clo- leaves as a powerful purgative. It is now
    nic spasm . - Baumes. sometimes used for deterging ulcers.
    CLONO'DES , from xhoros, agitation ,' and CNESIS , 2110is , Cnesmos , xnquos . A pain.
    ridos, 'resemblance.' Convulsive . Galen ap- ful itching. – Galen.
    plies this term to the pulse, when convulsive , CNESMOS , Cnesis, Itching.
    as it were , and unequal. He compares theCNICELÆUM , from xixos, ' carthamus,'
    sensation it communicates to the finger to that
    and churov, ' oil . ' Oil of Carthamus. Diosco .
    produced by a bundle of sticks or rods in vi-
    rides .
    bration , CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius -- c. Sylves
    CLONOS EPILEPSIA , Epilepsy- c . Hy tris, Centaurea benedicta .
    drophobia , Hydrophobia . CNIDELÆON , Cnidela'um , from xviders,
    CLONUS, Synclonus — c. Nictitatio , Nicta. cnidia,' and shatov, oil.' Oil made from the
    tion-c . Palpitatio , Palpitation -- c . Pandicula- Grana Cnidia or Mezereon Berries. —Diosco.
    tio, Pandiculation—c . ' Pandiculatio maxilla- rides.
    rum , Yawning-c . Singultus , Singultus-c . CNIDIA GRANA, Cnid'ii Cocci, Cod cogni
    d'ia , Æto'lion , Coccum. The berries of the
    Sternutatio, Sneezing-c. Subsullus, Subsul- Daphne
    tus tendinum . Cnidium.- Foësius.
    CLOPEMANIA , Klopemania. CNIDO'SIS . A pungent itching, compared
    CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli . to that produced by the Urtica urens or Nettle.
    CLOT OF BLOOD . See Blood. (xvidr .) - Hippoc.
    CLOTHING , Vestitus . CNIPOTES , Pruritus. Itching. The dry
    CLOU, Clavus, Furunculus-c. Hystérique, ophthalmia , Xerophthulmia .
    Clavus hystericus — c. de l'Eil, Clavus oculi. CNISSA . See Nidorous.
    CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamamorus. CNISSOREG'MIA , from xvioga , ' the smell
    CLOUDBERRY TREE , Rubus chamæmo- of burnt fat ,' and opeyo, ' I put forth . ' A nido
    rus . rous eructation .
    CLOVE , see Eugenia caryophyllata - c. CNYMA, xvuma. A slight itching. Also, a
    Bark, see Myrtus caryophyllata - c. Pink, Din puncture or vellication.- Galen.
    anthus caryophyllus — c.July flower, Dianthus COAGMENTATIO , Gomphosis .
    caryophyllus. COAG'ULANTS, Coagulan'tia. Remedies
    ČLUBFEET , Kyllosis . or poisons , supposed to possess the power of
    CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium - c. Fir, Lyco- coagulating the blood, or to give consistency
    podium Selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium se- to animal Auids. The word , and the absurd
    lago . notions connected with it, are equally aban
    CLUNES , Nates. doned .
    CLUNE'SIA , from Clunes ,' the nates.' Proc- COAGULA'TION , Coagulatio. The con
    talgia, Procti'tis. An inflammation of the but- version of a liquid into a more or less soft and
    tocks Vogel
    .- . tremulous mass. Many animal and vegetable
    CLUPEX THRYSSA . The Yellow -billed Auids are capable of coagulation .
    Sprat; a very poisonous fish of the West In. COAG'ULUM , Grumus, (F.) Caillot. A
    dies. soft mass,
    formed in a coagulable liquid . The
    CLYDON , Flatulence. Clot of the Blood is particularly so called—the
    CLYSMA, Clyster-c. Tonicum , Enema fæ . Cruor, Insula , Placen'ta, Hepar San' guinis ,
    tidum . Crassamen'tum :-the red mass , composed of
    CLYSOIRE (F. ) An apparatus consisting fibrine, serum , and colouring matter, which se
    of a long funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum , parates when the blood is left to itself. See
    furnished with a pipe at the apex ; for adminis- Blood.
    tering enemata . The word is also applied , in Pathology, to
    CLYSTER, Clysterium , Clysma, Enclysma,the sanguineous concretions, which form in
    Chysmus, Enema (q. v .) from xhutav, to different natural and accidental cavities ; and
    wash.' (F.) Clystère, Lavement, Remède. A which, when they occur at the mouth of a di
    liquid, thrown into the large intestine by vided artery, sometimes suspend the flow of
    means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe pro- blood. This is, indeed, one of the means by
    perly prepared, & c .; the nozzle of the syringe which hemorrhage is arrested.
    or pipe being introduced into the anus. See Coa'ulum Alu'minis, Coagʻulum Alumino'.
    Enema. sum . This is made by beating the white of
    CLYSTER , ANODYNE , Enena anodynum - c . eggs with a little alum , until a coagulum is
    COALESCENCE 168 COCHLEA

    formed. It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, Coccus Cacti . The systematic name of the
    where an astringent is necessary. Coch'ineal Insect. Coccinella , Cochinilla , Coc
    COALESCENCE, Coalescen'tia, from cracionella, Coccinilla , Ficus In'die grana, Coc
    les'cere, to run together,' (from cum , with ,' cus Polon'icus, Scaraba'olus hemisphæricus,
    and alere, ' to nourish ,') Sym'physis. The ad- Cochinelif'era cochinilla, Coccus America'nus,
    hesion or union of parts previously separated , Coccus In'dicus Tincto'rius, Cochinelle, Coccus.
    as in case of wounds and preternatural adhe- The Coch'ineal Animal, ( F.) Cochenille, Grainc
    sions . de l'Ecarlate. The cochineal insects have a
    COALI" TION . The same etymon as coa- faint, heavy odour ; their taste is acrid , bit
    lescence . It has been used in the same cases terish , and astringent: colour blackish-red ex .
    as coalescence ; aswell as to express the action ternally ,-purple- red within. They are used
    of several parts of the frame, which have the chiefly for giving a red colour to tinctures, & c.
    same nutrition. They were , at one time, esteemed astringent,
    COALTER'NÆ FEBRES. A name , given stimulant, diuretic ,and anodyne.
    to two intermittents , which attack a person at Coccus Jlicis , Kermes-c . Indicus tincto
    the same time , but whose paroxysms are dis. rius, Coccus cacti—c. Indicus, see Menisper
    tinct: so that the attack of one supervenes mum cocculus-c. Polonicus , Coccus cacti.
    when the other has ceased . The terin Double COCCYGIO -ANAL, Sphincter ani externus.
    Intermittent expresses the same meaning. COCCYGIO- CUTANÉ SPHINCTER,
    6
    COAPTATION, Coapta'tio, from cum, Sphincter ani externus.
    with ,' and apta're, to adjust,' adapt ; ' Pa- COCCYMELEA , Prunus domestica .
    rago'gē . The act of adapting the two extre- COCHEMAR, Incubus .
    mities of a fractured bone to each other ; or of COCHERIA , Cochia .
    restoring a luxated bone to its place, Coapta- COCHIN
    tion must be effected gently. Usually, exten-
    LEG . See ,Elephantiasis.
    COCCYCEPH'ALUS from coccyx ( q . v. )
    sion and counter-extension are , in the first and zegain , the head .' A monster whose
    place, necessary head has the shape of the os coccygis .
    COARTICULATIO , Diarthrosis , Synarthro- COCCYGEUS , from xoxxvę , because it is
    sis. inserted into the coccyx. Ischio Coccygeus,
    .
    COARCTATION , Coarctd tio, from coarc- ischium andcoccyr. ThemúscieTschio-coccus
    tare, to straiten. Stricture. Avicenna speaks geus, Leva'tor Coccygis, Triangularis Coccy -
    of Courctation of the Pulse. gis. It arises from the spinous process of the
    COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF , Smalt. ischium , and is inserted into the extremity of
    COBHAM , MINERAL WATERS OF. the sacrum ; and into nearly the whole length
    Cobham is seven miles from Kingston , in Sur- of the os coccygis laterally. It retains the
    ! rey , England. The waters are weak saline coccyx in place, and prevents it from being
    purgatives. forced backwards during the evacuation of the
    COBRA DE CAPELLO , Crotalus horridus . fæces.
    COBWEB , Aranei Tela . COCCYX, Os Coccygis, ' a cuckoo ;' whose
    COCCA'RIUM . A very small pill. bill it is said to resemble . Cauda , Ossis sacri
    COCCHIA , Cochia . acu'men , Os Alagas, Rump Bone, Cu'culus,
    COCCI GRANUM , Kermes-c . Orientales , Uropygion. An assemblage of small bones,
    seeMenispermum cocculus. suspended at the lower part of the sacrum; the
    COCCIG10 -CUTANÉ SPHINCTER, curvature of which it prolongs, and of which
    Sphincter ani externus . it seems to be an appendage. Generally , it
    COCCINELLA , Coccus cacti . consists of four bones. Behind the base of the
    Coccinel'LA SEPTEMPUNCTA’TA. Lady.bird, coccyx are two small tubercular eminences .
    Lady- cou , Lady -bug. This insect, bruised upon These are called Cornua of the Coccyr.
    an aching tooth , has long been regarded antio- COCHENILLE , Coctus cacti .
    dontalgic ! COCAIA , COCCHIA , COCHE'RIA , from
    COCCION , xozziov. A weight, mentioned xoxxo $, ' berry , ' • seed ,' or from xoquu, “ to flow
    by Myrepsus , the same as the Siliqua. profusely .' An ancient name for several otfi.
    COCCIONELLA , Coccus cacti . cinal purgative pills ; thus called , either be
    COCCOBALSAMUM . See Amyris opobal.cause they produced copious evacuations, or
    samum . because they were shaped like a seed .
    COCCOGNIDIA , Cnidia grana. COCHINEAL , Coccus cacti .
    COCCONES. See Punica granatum . COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA ,Coccus
    COCCULÆ OFFICINARUM . See Menis. cacti .
    permum cocculus. COCHINILLA , Coccus cacti .
    COCCULI INDI AROMATICI . See Myr- COCHLEA . A Snail's shell, ( F.) Limaçon ,
    tus pimenta . Coquille. Anatomists have given this name to
    COCCULUS CRISPUS,Menispermum tu- the most anterior of the three cavities, which
    berculatum - c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc- constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the Pelris
    culus - c. Palmalus , Columba - c. Suberosus, Au'rium - or Concha auris inter na ;-Caritas
    see Menispermum cocculus. cochlea'ta, C. buccina'ta , Antrum buccino'sum ,
    COCCUM , Cnidia grana, Kermes- c. Ba. Concha Labyrin'thi, and that of Scale of the
    phicum , Kermes - c. Infectorium , Kermes - c. Cochlea , ( F.) Rampes du limaçon, to two spiral
    Scarlatinum , Kermes—c. Tinctorium , Ker- cavities in the interior of the cochlea. One of
    mes . these scala terminates at the Fenes'tra rotun'da ,
    COCCUS AMERICANUS, Coccus cacti. and is called Scala Tympani: the other opens
    COCHLEA 109 COELIAC

    at the anterior and inferior part of the vesti ) Guincen'sis, and Elu'is Occidenta'lis, two species
    bule . It is called the Scale restibuli. of palms.
    COCHLEA , SCALÆ OF THE . See Cochlea . Coco of the MALDIVES , Cocos de Maldi'râ .
    COCHLEAR AURICULARE , Earpick . The fruit of a palm , called Lodoïce'a by Com
    COCHLEA'RE , from cochlea ; its bowl re merson . It was formerly termed , in the shops ,
    sembling a shell :—a spoonful ; (F.) Cuillerée, Nur Med'ica ,and enjoyed great reputation.
    abbreviated in prescriptions usually to Coch . COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera .
    See Abbreviation . Also, a scoop, (q. v .) COCTIO , Digestion .
    Cochlea'RE MAGNUM a table -spoonful; C. COCTION, Coctio, Pepsis, Pepansis, Pepus'
    Medium , a dessert or pap-spoonful; and c. mos, Concoction,employed
    Min'imum , a tea -spoonful.
    from coquere, to boil.' This
    in various senses. 1.
    word has been
    COCHLEA'RIÀ, from cochlea'ra, ' a spoon ,' With the ancients, coction meant the particular
    so called from its resemblance. kind of alteration, which the food experiences
    Cochlea’RIA ARMORA'CIA , Raph'anus rus- in the digestive organs , particularly in the sto.
    tica'nus, Armora'cia , Raph'anus mari'nus, Raph'- mach. Itmeanta preparation from its crude state.
    anus sylves'tris, Horseradish. Family, Cruci- 2. It expressed the maturation or change, which
    feræ . Ser. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa . ( F.) the Humoral Pathologists believed morbific mat
    Raifort sauvage, Le Cran. The root of horse- ter to experience before elimination. It was con.
    radish is frequently used at table; and has sidered, that coction was produced during the
    long been in the Materia Medica. It is stimu- violence of the disease ; and hence this was
    lant and diuretic . Externally it is rubefacient. called the Period of Coction . See Humorism.
    Cochlea'ria Coron'opus , Coron'opus, Wild , COCYTA , Malis.
    Scurry Grass, Swine's Cress . This European CODAGAPALA, BARK , Nerium antidysen
    plant is considered to be diuretic and antiscor. tericum .
    butic. (F.) Corne de Cerf, Coron'opos Ruellii . CODE, Codex .
    The term Coron'opus was given, by the an- CODEINE, from xudia , ' a poppy head . ' An
    cients, to various plants. alkaloid, discovered , by Robiquet, in opium, in
    COCHLEA'RIA Hortensis , Cochlearia offici- 1832. It is soluble in water, alcohol and ether,
    nalis . and unites readily with acids. As a hypnotic ,
    Cochlea'RIA OFFicina’lis, C. horten'sis, Le Magendie thinks one grain of Codeine equal to
    mon Scurry Grass, Common Scuroy Grass, (F.) half a grain of Morphine. The muriate of
    Cranson , Herbe aur cuillers. It has been con . Codeine appears to be stronger than the pure
    sidered a powerful antiscorbutic . It is some- Codeine .
    times eaten in salad . CODESELLA , Anthrax.
    COCHLEARIFORMIS, from cochlea'ré, ' a CODEX , a collection of laws. (F.) Code.
    spoon ,' and forma, ' shape.' (F.) Bec de Cuiller. By extension, a collection of approved medical
    Proces'susCochlEARIFORMIS :-asmall,very formulæ , with the processes necessary for form .
    thin plate, which separates the bony portion of ing the compounds, referred to in it. The Pa
    the Eustachian tube from the canal for the risian Pharmacopæia is styled Codex Medica
    passage of the tensor tympani. mentu'rius.
    COCHONĒ, xoxovn. The junction of the Codex MEDICAMENTARIUS , Formulary.
    ischium, near the seat or breech . - Foësius. CODIA, Papaver (capsule . )
    The breech properly , from the hip bones to the CODOČELE , Bubo.
    anus . The perinæum , (q. v .) CODOSCELLA , Bubo.
    COCIL’IÓ ; a weight of eleven ounces. CECUM , Cæcum .
    1
    COCKLES, INDIAN. See Menispernum COEFFE, Caul .
    Cocculus . CE’LIA , xorta , zolan, ' a hollow place.'
    COCKMINT , Tanacetum balsamita. This word generally meant a cavity in the
    COCLES , Borgne. body : —the abdomen , in particular. It has also
    COCO , Cocos nucifera. been used for the alimentary canal, & c . :- avw
    COCOA CACAVIFERA , Cacao. xochia, the stomach ,' xatw xorda, the abdo.
    COCOBAY , Mal de San Lazaro. men .' Also , an alvine evacuation .
    COCOS NUCIF'ERA , (F.) Cocotier. Or. CELIAC , Ca'liacus. ( F. ) Cæliaque ou Cé
    der, Palme. The systematic nameof the plant liaque, from zodia, the abdomen ,' ' intestine .'
    whose fruit is the Cocoa nut, (F.) Coco. " It is Relating to the abdomen or intestine.
    an agreeable kernel, but not easy of digestion. CELIAC ARTERY, A. Ca'liaca, ( A. opistogas.
    Emulsions, orgeat, &c. are made from it. The trique Ch .) , A. Cæliaque, Tronc cæliaque, Tré
    juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms wine, pied de la cæliaque, is situate above the pancreas,
    and arrack is distilled from it. and behind the upper part of the stomach . lĆ 1
    Cocos Butyra'cea . The name of the plant, arises from the anterior part of the abdominal
    which affords the palm oil , O'leum Palmæ, ob aorta , where it passes between the pillars of the
    tained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and diaphragm , and soon divides into the coronaria
    mixing the kernels with water, without the aid ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic arteries.
    of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises Celiac OR Solar Plexus, Plerus mesenterii
    to the surface. It is of the consistence of an proprius et maximus, P. ganglifor'mis semiluna'
    ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though ris,(Plexus médian ou opistogastrique Ch.,)(F. )
    not disagreeable , smell . It is applied to sprains, Pl. Cæliaque ou solaire, Ganglion de VieussENS,
    & c .; but has no advantages over other oils. It is formed of numerous nervous filaments, which
    has been called , also, O'leum Palmæ sebd'ceum , proceed from the semilunar ganglia of the great
    O fitum nucum cocos butyra'ceæ and Mackaw sympathetic. It is strengthened by several
    fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is branches of the right and left pneumogastrio
    22
    CELIACA 170 COL

    nerves ; is seated around the trunk of the cæ . mas , its use has been extolled. For this pur
    liac artery, behind the stomach, and furnishes pose the Moka is the best. It ought to be newly
    the secondary plexuses-the diaphragmatic, co- iorrefied, but not too much burnt; should be
    ronary of the stomach , splenic and hepatic , which strong, and drunk soon after grinding. Fac
    accompany the arteries of the same name. titious Coffees have been, from time to time ,
    Celiac Flux or Passion, Calaca chylo'sa, recommended, but they are infinitely inferior
    Diarrha'a chylo'sa , D. chyno'sa, Flurus cæliacus, to the genuine. Various sutstitutes have been
    Passio caliaca, P. Ventriculo'sa, Chymoche'zia, proposed ;-uheat, barley, hollyberries, acorns ,
    Fluor albus intestino'rum , Chylorrha'a, Chymor- sunflower seeds,beechmast,peas, beans, succory
    rha'a, Celiaca lac'tea, Morbus cæliacus." (F.) root, seeds of gooseberries and currants left in
    Flur cælinque. A species of diarrhæa, in which making wine, and washed :-sliced turnips, & c.
    the food is discharged by the bowels in an un- These have been roasted , with the addition of a
    digested condition. By some, defined to be little butter or oil : but they have not the aroma
    diarrhæa attended with discharges of chyle or of coffee . The best substitute is said to be the
    chyme. It is, in general, symptomatic of tu . seeds of the Yellow water flag - Gladiolusluteus
    bercular disease of the mesenteric glands . See or Iris pseudacorus.
    Lientery . Hunt's ECONOMICAL BREAKFAST Powder
    CELIACA, from xodlazos, ' cæliac,' (9. v.) consists of rye, roasted with a little butter . It
    Diseases of the digestive organs ; the 1st class is a good substitute for coffee.
    in Good's Nosology. It comprises two orders , COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physio
    Enterica and Splanchnica. logy .
    CELIAC A Chylosa, Cæliac flux - c. Lactea , COHABITATIO , Coition .
    Celiac flux - c . Renalis, Chyluria - c. Urinalis , COHABITATION , Cohabita'tio, from cum ,
    Chyluria. ' with ,' and habita're, ' to dwell . ' The act of
    CELIALGIA , Tormina. dwelling together. In LegalMedicine, it means
    CELIAQUE, Trépied de la , Cæliac artery . the consummation of marriage . Copulation .
    CELIOČELE. See Hernia, hypogastric . COHESION , Coha'sio, from cum , ' with ,'
    CELIOPYO'SIS , from xochia , the abdo- and ha'rere, ' to stick .' Vis cohesio'nis, Vis ad
    men ,' and rvwois , “ suppuration . ' Suppuration hæsio'nis, Vis attractio'nis, Force of cohesion,
    in the abdomen or its parietes. Attraction of cohesion , 1. of aggregation. That
    CELIORRHA, Diarrhæa. force, in the particles of matter, whereby they
    COLO'MA, from xorios, 'hollow .' A round are connected in such a way as to resist any al
    ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than tempt towards their removal or separation .
    that described under the name Bothrion . This force has to be attended to , in the manage
    COLON , Cavity . ment of disease . Einollients , rubbed into a
    COLOPHTHALMUS, from xolos, ' hol- part,act bydiminishing the cohesion.
    low ,' and oqdainos, ' eye.' One who is hollow- COHOBA'TION , Cohoba'tio, Coho'bium , Co '.
    eyed . hob, Cohoph . Distillation of a liquid ,-already
    COLOSTOM'IA , from xockos , hollow , ' and distilled , -on the same substances. When this
    atoua, 'mouth .' ' A defect in speaking , when was repeated three or four times, it was called
    the voice seems as if it came from a cavern ;- Recohobation.
    that is , obscure , and as if at a distance . COHOL. Synonyme of Alcohol . Also , a dry
    CELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who collyrium . - Avicenna.
    has a hollow voice . COHOSH . See Actæa racemosa .
    CELOTES , Cavity . COIFFE , Caul.
    CENÆSTHE'SIS , from youros, ' common ,' COIGN . See Pyrus cydonia .
    and a1097015 , ' feeling .' Conæsthesis. Common COIGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia.
    feeling. Some German writers mean , by this , COÏNCIDENTIA. Some authors have
    a sixth sense. It is the feeling of self-existence translated, by this term , the word TWENN 10015,
    or individuality, and is manifested by the sense used by Galen to designate the occlusion of the
    of buoyancy or depression, which weexperience foramen opticum by a humour, proceeding from
    without any feeling
    shuddering, knownof cause ;-by , &c. ary the
    chill or glowinvolunt base of the brain, and occasioning blind
    ness.- Castelli.
    CCNOLOGIA , Consultation. COÏN'DICANT, Coin 'dicans, from con ,
    CEE'NOTES, xouvoirs, commonness,' from with ,' and indico ,' I indicate .'
    xoiros, common .' The physicians of the Me. Cois'diCANT Signs are those, which furnish
    thodic Sect asserted that all diseases arise from the same indications ; or which confirm the
    relaxation , striclure, or a mixture of both . These indication afforded by another sign :-outer
    were called Cænotes : or what diseases have in deixvuneva.
    common .
    COIRA, Catechu .
    CCUR , Heart. COIRAS, Scrofula.
    COFFEA ARAB'ICA , ( F. ) Cafier and Ca. COIT, Coition .
    feyer. Family, Rubiaceæ . Ser. Syst. Pentandria COI''TION , Coitus, from coeo , ' to go to
    Monogynia . The plant, which affordsthe coffee.gether .' Copula'tio , Copulu'tion, Copulu car
    Jasminum Arab'icum , Choaca, Bon . Originally na'lis, Aphrodis'ia , Aphrodisiasm'us, Acces' sus,
    froin Yemen . Buna. ( F.) Café. Basia'tio, Amplena'tio, Complex'io, Conju'gium ,
    The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and Lagncia , Syndyas'mus,Concu'bitus, Congres'sus,
    wholesome article of diet. It is , to a certain Cohubita'tio, Venus, Res renerea , Venery, Sexual
    extent, tonic , and is employed as such in con- intercourse. (F. ) Coit, Approché. The carnal
    valescence , especially from fevers, & c . In union of the sexes.
    cases of poisoning by opium , and in old asth. COL, Collum .
    COLA 171 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS

    COLA , Articulation . Colicæ dextre ; and three, proceeding from the


    COLATO'RIUM . A strainer of any kind . inferior mesenteric , Colicæ sinistre. All pro
    (F. ) Couloir. A term , by which the ancient ceed towards the colon , passing between the
    physicians described every canal or conduit, two laminæ of the peritoneum , which form the
    through which the excrementitious humours of meso-colon , where they ramify and anastomose
    the body are evacuated . Ulcers , fistulæ , setons, with each other. The first Colica destra, Ramus
    caustics, & c ., have been called artificial or ac- colica dexter, is called C. dextra superior (Méso
    cidentul Calatoria, because they were considered colique,-Ch . ) The second, C. dertra media ,
    to be passages by which the animal economy is Colica mediá, Ramus colicus medius, Arteria
    freed fromsome morbific matter . inedia anastoinot'ica , ( C. droite,-Ch .), and the
    COLATU'RA , from colare , ' to strain . ' A third , C. dcxtru infé'rior, or lleo-colica (.A . cæ .
    filtered or strained liquor. It likewise means , cale,-Ch .) of the three Colicæ sinistra, the
    straining a liquid . ( F. ) Colature. first or superior is called by Chaussier, Colica
    COLCHESTER , MINERAL WATERS magna sinistra ; the second or media is not dis
    OF. Aqua Colcestren 'sis. The waters of Col. tinguished from the preceding, as they often
    chester are of the bitter purging kind , similar arise from a common trunk ; and the third is
    to that of Epsom . called by Chaussier, Colica parra sinistra.
    COL'CHICUM AUTUMNALĒ . The Mea . To these arteries as many veins correspond,
    dow Saffron. Colchicum , Coum , (F. ) Colchique, which open into the great, and little mesen
    Tue-chien , Mort aur chiens, sufran des prés, teric.
    Safran bâtard . Family, Colchicaceæ . Class, The Colic Love of the liver is the great
    Hexandria. Order, Monogynia. The bulb or lobe of that organ .
    root (Bulbus vel Radir , ) and the seeds are the Colic , Colica Passio, Col'ica, Bellyache, Co?'.
    parts used in medicine. The taste is acrid, ice, Colicodym'ia, Enteral gia . In its etymo.
    excoriating the mouth ; but the acrimony is lost logical acceptation , this word signifies an
    by drying. It is narcotic , diuretic, and cathar. affection or pain in the colon. But it is em
    tic: and has been given in dropsy , gout, and ployed in a more extensive signification. It
    rheumatism . Dose , from gr . j to vj of the fresh includes every acute pain of the abdomen , ag.
    bulb. It is supposed to be the active ingre- gravated at intervals. The word has, however,
    dient of the Eur médicinale d'Hüsson. The epithets affixed to it, which render it more or
    active principle is called Veratrine. The Col- less precise . See Tormina.
    chicum , in an overdose , is an acro -narcotic Colic , DEVONSHIRE , Colic , metallic-c .
    poison . Horn , Priapismus - c. Lead , Colic, metallic
    Dr. Wilson's Tincturefor the Gout, is merely c. Madrid, Colica Madridensis - c. Menstrual,
    an infusion of Colchicum . - Paris. Colica menstrualis-c . Metallica , Colica me
    Colchicum
    tunda.
    Zeylanicum, Kæmpferia ro- tallica - c. Painters', Colic , metallic - c. Plum
    bers ', Colic , metallic - c. of Poitou , Colic , me.
    COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale. tallic - c . Saturnine, Colic , metallic - c. of Su
    COL'COTHAR , Col'cothar Vitrioli, Henri'- rinam , Colic , metallic - c . Worm , Colica ver
    cus rubens, Chalci'tis, Brown red , Rouge, Crocus, minosa.
    Oridum Ferri rubrum , Tritor'ydum Ferri, (F. ) COLICA ACCIDENTALIS , Colica crapu
    Safran de Murs astringent, Sulphas Ferri cal- losa- c. Acuta, Enteritis.
    cina'tum , Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum , Terra Colica Bilio'sa , Bilious Colic, ( F.) Colique
    vitrioli dulcis, Crocus martis vitriold'tus seu bilicuse. Colic , occasioned by an accumulation
    adstrin'gens. (F.) . Rouge d'Angleterre. The of bile in the intestines or in its own passages.
    red oxide of iron, obtained by calcining sulphate The treatment required resembles that proper
    of iron to redness, with or without the contact for the next variety .
    of air. It possesses the general properties of Colica Convulsi'va , C. spasmod'ica , C. pi.
    the preparations of iron, and has been applied tuilo'sa, C. nerdo'sa, C. idiopath'ica . Colic, not
    to stanch blood , &c . the symptom of any other affection. It is cha
    COLD , Frigus, Psychos, quyos, (F.) Froid . racterized by griping pain in the bowels, chiefly
    The sensation produced by the abstraction of about the navel, with vomiting and costive
    caloric from our organs. See Heat. ness,-the pain increasing at intervals . The
    Three degrees of cold are generally distin . indications are to clear the intestines,and allay
    guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of spasm. Calomel and opium - castor oil and
    cold (Algor ), 2. Chilliness (horror), and 3. Shi- opium - emollient and cathartic enemata, with
    vering (Rigor). Cheima, Chimon zetua, xequwv. fomentations, wet or dry, to the abdomen usu
    Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly, as a really succeed .
    frigerant and sedative . Colica CRAPULO'SA , C. accidenta'lis, C. Hel
    COLD IN THE HEAD, Coryza . luo'num , Surfeit, Colique d'Indigestion. A colic ,
    COJ.EITIS , Colposis . arising from eating indigestible aliments , or
    COLEOPTOSIS , Prolapsus vagine. digestible aliments in too great abundance.
    COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhea. The remedy is obvious .
    COLÈRE , Rage . Colica Callosa. Colic , attended with sense
    COLES , Penis. of stricture in somepart of the intestinal canal :
    COLIBERT, Cagot. often of flatulency and pain : the flatulency
    COLIC, Colicus, from xwhov, ' the colon.' gradually passing off by the stricture : the
    (F.) Colique. Relating to the colon. bowels tardy : at length discharging small li
    Colic ARTERIES, Arteriæ colicæ . ( F.) Ar- quid stools .
    tères coliques, are six in number,three of which, COLICA DAMNONIORUM , Colic, metallic - c .
    given off by the superior meser ric, are called Febricosa, Colica inflammatoria .
    COLICA FLATULENTA 172 COLLICULI , & c .

    Colica Flatuler’TA, Inflatio, Gastrodyn'ia --c. Stipata, Colica stercorea - c . Ventriculi,


    flatulen'ta , Physospas'mus, (F.) Colique flatu- Cardialgia.
    lente, C. flatueuse, C. denteuse. Colic, arising COLICA STERCO'REA, Stercord ceous Colic,
    from an accumulation of air in the intestines. Col'ica Stipa'ta, (F.) Colique stercorale. A spe.
    It is very common in infants, and may be re- cies of colic, ascribed to the retention of fæcal
    lieved by aromatics , especially when combined matters in the intestines. The retention is
    with antacids - e. g. oil of aniseed with mag. itself, however, an effect, that may be caused in
    Desia . the same manner as the colic pains themselves.
    Colica HELLUONUM, Colica crapulosa . Colica UTERI'NA, U'terine Colic, (F. ) Colique
    Colica HEMORRHOIDAʼLis, Hemorrhoidal Co- utérine. Pain seated in the uterus, sometimes
    lic, ( F.) Colique hémorrhoïdale. A kind of colic , called Hysteralgia .
    supposed to precede hæmorrhoids or to super- Colic. Vermino'sa, Worm Colic, (F.) Co.
    vene on their suppression . lique termineuse. Abdominal pain ,occasioned
    Colica Hepat'ıca, Hepatic colic. Pain in by the presence ofworms in the intestines.
    the region of the liver ,chiefly about the gall- COLICODYNIA , Colica.
    bladder, occasioned by the passing of a biliary COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic.
    calculus through the cystic and choledoch COLIMACON , Limax.
    ducts . COLIQUE , Colic - c. d'Indigestion , Colica
    Colica 1D1OPATHICA, Colica convulsiva - c. crapulosa - c. de Miséricorde, lleus — c. des Pein
    Ileus, lleus - c.Lapponica, see Seta equina - c. tres - Colic, metallic - c. de Plomb, Colic metal
    Lochialis, Dyslochia - c. Madridensis , Colic of lic - c. de Poitou, Colic , metallicc. Venteuse,
    Madrid — c. Nervosa,Colica,convulsiva, Colic, Colica flatulenta - c. Végétale, Colic, metallic.
    metallic - c. Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria . COLIQUES , Pains (after.)
    Colica INFLAMMATO'RIA, C. phlogistica, c. COLITIS , from xwdov, the colon ,' and itis,
    plethor/ica, C. febrico sa , C. pulsatilis, Inflam'- | denoting inflammation .' Coloni'tis, Ínflamma
    matory colic. The same as enteritis, (q. v .). tion of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of
    Colica MADRIDENSis, Colic of Madrid, Ma- the colon . Dysentery, (q. v.)
    drid' Colic. A species of colic, endemic in seve- COLIX , Trochiscus.
    ral provinces of Spain , whose nature is not COLLA PISCIUM , Ichthyocolla .
    clear. Its symptoms resemble those occasioned COLLAP'SUS , Collapse , Conciden’tia. A
    by lead . sudden and complete prostration of strength ,
    Colica Menstrua'lis,Men'strual Colic ,( F .) either at the commencement or in the progress
    Colique menstruelle. Colic , which precedes of a disease.
    or accompanies the menstrual evacuation , or COLLAR- BONE , Clavicle .
    which is owing to the suppression of that eva- COLLATERAL, Collatera'lis, from cum ,
    cuation . with ,' and latus, side.' That which accom
    Colica METALLICA, Colic Metallic, Painters' panies or proceeds by the side of another .
    Colic, Colica pictonum , Colic of Poitou , Colicof ARTE’RIÆ COLLATERA'LESBRACHII, Collat
    Surinam ', Bellon, Ded'onshire Colic, Dry Belly- eral Ar'terics of the Arm , (F.) Artères collaté
    ache, Saturnine Colic, Lead_Colic, Plumbers rales du bras. They are given off by the bra
    Colic, Rachial'gia Pictonum , R. Pictavien'sium ,chial. They are distinguished into, 1. The
    Morbus Metallicus,Colicoplegia, Col'ica Rachial collateral — superior or external (Grande muscu
    gia, Rachial'gia ,Col'ica Damnonio'rum , C.Plum- laire du bras - Ch.) They arise from the inner
    bario'rum , Paralysis rachial'gia, Col'ica ner. part of the brachial, andextend as far as the
    rosa, Col'ica Pictorum , Palmus Plumbaʼrius,(F .) inferior and external part of the arm. 2. The
    Colique de Poitou, Colique végétale, (?) Coliqué collateral - inferior or internal ( Collatérales du
    des peintres, (F.) Colique de Plomb. There is Coude - Ch .) They arise from the brachial, near
    not much to distinguish this variety of colic the elbow -joint, anddescend towards the upper
    from others. The same violent pain about the part of the fore - arm .
    navel is present, with retraction of the abdomen The vessels which pass to the fingers and
    towards the spine. It is apt also to occasion toes, are also called collateral.
    palsy . The only difference of treatment is, the Speaking generally, collateral branches are
    necessity of employing more opium along with those which follow nearly the same course as
    the purgative. The paralytic sequelæ must be the vessel,whence they emanate.
    treated by change of air, rubbing the spine , ex- COLLATERALIS, Ischio -cavernosus.
    ercise, & c. Treating the disease upon general COLLE - CHAIR , Sarcocolla.
    principles is infinitely more philosophical, and COLLE DE POISSON , Ichthyocolla.
    more successful than the empirical manage. COLLECTION ,Collec'tio, from colligere, 'to
    ment at la Charité, Paris, which it is unneces. collect .' This word is often united to the epi
    sary to detail. thet purulent, serous, &c . , to express a gather
    Colica NEPHRET'ICA, Nephret'ic Colic, (F.) ing of pus, serum , &c .
    Colique Néphrétique. Acute pains, whieh ac COLLESIS, Agglutination .
    company nephritis, and especially calculous COLLETICUS , Agglutinant.
    nephritis, or the passage of a calculus into the COLLI"CIÆ . Drains to collect and convey
    ureters. away water. See Gouttière . Union of the
    Colica PICTORUM , Colic, metallic - c. Picto- ducis passing from the puncta lachrymalia .
    rum , Colic, metallic -c. Pituitosa , Colica con. Collic'iepunctorum lachrymaliun .
    vulsiva - c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria- COLLICULA VAGINÆ , Nymphe .
    c . Plumbariorum , Colic, metallic - c. Pulsatilis, COLLICULI NERVI ETÁMOIDALIS ,
    Colic, inflammatory - c. Rachialgia , Colic,me- Corpora striata - c.Nervorum opticorum , Thal.
    taļlic - c. Spasmodica, Colica conyulsiya,Ileus) aminersorum opticorum .
    CALLICULUS , & c . 173 COLON

    CALLICULUS CAVEÆ POSTERIORIS drical , and flattened portion of the uterus,which


    VENTRICULORUM LATERALIUM , Hip- terminates it inferiorly, and opens into the va.
    pocampus minor. gina by the Os Uteri or Os Tincæ . This neck
    COLLIER ( F.) A collar. A name given to is perceptible on examination per vaginam , un
    certain eruptionswhich surround the neck like til near the end of the utero-gestation. As the
    a collar. uterus enlarges , however, it becomes shorter
    COLLIGAMEN , Ligament. and wider, so that a manifest difference exists
    COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS . This in between its condition at seven and nine
    digenous plant is possessed of diuretic proper- months.
    ties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil. In- COLLUM or CERVIX MANDIB'ULÆ vel MAXIL'.
    fusion is the best form of administration . The LE INFERIO'ris. Neck of the lower jaw . ( F.)
    leaves are, in domestic practice, applied to Col de los marillaire inférieure. A depression
    wounds and bruises . observable on each side of the lower jaw, im
    COLLIQUAMEN’TUM , from colli'queo, ' I mediately below the condyles.
    melt.' The first rudiments of an embryo.- Collum or Cervix SCAPULÆ , Neck of the
    . A narrow
    COZLIQUATION,Colliqua'tio,Eliqua'tio,portion,observable below the glenoid cavityour
    The the scapula , which seems to separate it, as it
    Syntex'is, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolu'tion.
    ancients meant, by this term , the progressive were, from the rest of the bone.
    diminution of the solid parts, with copious ex- COLLUM or CERVIX Fib'uLÆ. Neck of the
    cretion of liquids by one or more passages. Fibula , (F.) Col du Pérone. A slight narrow
    They thought, that all the solids melted ; andness, seated below the head or upper extremity
    that the liquids, and particularly the blood , lost of the fibula .
    a portion of their density. Collum or Cervix Radii. Neck of the Ra
    COLLIQ’UATIVE, Čolliquati'dus,Colliques'. dius, (F.) Col du Radius. A narrow portion of
    cens , from colliques'ceré, “ to grow liquid.' (F.) the radius, which supports the head of the bone.
    Colliquatif. An epithet, given to various dis- Collum or Cervix Vesi'cæ . Neck of the
    charges, which produce rapid exhaustion. Bladder, (F.) Col de la Vessie. The anterior
    Hence we say , Colliquative sweats, Colliquative part of the base of the bladder, which resem
    diarrhæa, & c . bles the neck of a bottle , and is continuous
    COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative . with the urethra .
    COLLISIO , Contusion. COLLUM OBSTIPUM, Torticollis.
    COLLIX , Trochiscus. COLLURIUM , Collyrium .
    COLLODES, Glutinous. COLLUTORIUM , Gargarism - c. Adstrin
    COLLOID , from xoala, ' glue ,' and 81dos,'re- gens, Mel Boracis.
    semblance .' An epithet applied to a product COLLU'VIES , from colluo, " I cleanse .'
    of morbid secretion , resembling glue. Filth , excrement. Discharge from an old
    COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum . ulcer .
    COLLUM , Cervir, Trache'los, Auchen , (F.) COLLUVIES GASTRICA , Embarras gastrique.
    Col, Cou. The part of the body situate be- COLLYR’IUM , Collu'rium , xoàivorov, xol
    tween the head and chest. Also, a part of an aovqlov, from xwauw, I check ,' and péw, ' I
    organ resembling the neck, as in the following flow ,' or from zola, glue ,' and ovoa, tail.'
    cases .
    ( F.) Collyre. The ancients designated, by this
    Collum or CERVIX AstraG'ALI, Neck of theterm , a solid medicine, of a long, cylindrical
    Astragalus, (F.) Col del'astragale. A depres- shape ; properto be introduced into thevagina,
    sion, which separates the anterior extremity of itanus, or nostrils. They are said to have given
    the astragalus from its body. this name because it was shaped like a Rat's
    COLLUM or CERVIX COSTARUM , Neck of the Tail, and because there entered into its com
    Ribs, (F.) Col des Côtes. The narrow part of position, powders and glutinous matters .- Cel
    the ribs , between the head and tubercle . sus, Oribasius, Scribonius Largus. At the pre
    Collum or Cervix DENTIUM. Neck of the sent day, Collyrium means an application to
    Teeth, ( F.) Col ou Collet des Dents. The part the eye. Some are pulverulent and dry, but
    of theteethbetween the corona and fang, which the greatestpart are liquid ; when they receive
    is embraced by the gum . different epithets, as astringent, emollient, &c.
    COLLUM or CERVIX FEM'ORIS.Neck of the The term is now little more than synonymous
    Thighbone, (F.) Col du Fémur. The long, nar- with Eye-waler. Collyria are generally extem
    row , and oblique portion of the os femoris, poraneous formulæ .
    which separates the head from the two tro- COLLYRIUM Siccum ALEXANDRINUM . See
    chanters . Alexandrine .
    COLLUM or CERVIX Ossis MAGNI vel Cari. COLOBOʻMA, Colobo'sis, ' Mutilation.'
    Taʼri . Neck of the Os Magnum , (F.) Col du COLOCYNTH , Cucumis colocynthis.
    grand 0s. A circular depression beneath the COLOMBINE , COMMON , Aquilegia vul
    head of this bone of the carpus. garis.
    'merus. or
    Collum
    Hu Cervix HU'MERI. Neck of the COLOMBO, Columba.
    A circular, depressed portion, COLON , xwaov, Colum , Intesti'num majus, I.
    which separates the head of the os humeri cellula'tum , 1. crassum et plenum , I. grande, 1.
    from its two tuberosities. Some surgeons lazum . That portion of the large intestines,
    place the neck below the tuberosities, no pre- which extends from the cæcum to the rectum .
    cise line of demarcation indicating its extent. It is said to have been so called from xotior,
    COLlun or Cervix U'TERI. Neck of the Ute- hollow ,' or from xolvo , ' I arrest,' because the
    rus, (F.) Col de la Matrice. A narrow, cylin - excrements are arrested, for a considerable
    COLONITIS 174 COLUMNA

    time, in its sacs. The colon is usually divided with the colour of the wafer employed, as in
    into four portions. i . The right lumbar or the following table :
    ascending , Colon dextrum , situate in the right Accidental colour , or colour of
    lumbar region, and commencing at the cæcum . Colour of ,the the ocular spectrum .
    2. Transverse colon , Colon transver'sum , or Red Bluish-green .
    transverse arch of the colon , the portion of the Orange Blue .
    colon , which crosses from the right to the left Yellow Indigo .
    Green Violet , with a little red .
    side, at the upper part of the abdomen . 3. The Blue
    left lumbar or descending, Colon sinistrum , Orange- red.
    Indigo Orange -yellow:
    extending from the left part of the transverse Violet Yellow - green .
    arch , opposite the outer portion of the left kid- Black White ,
    ney , to the corresponding iliac fossa . 4. The White Black .

    Iliac colon or Sigmoid flerure of the colon, If all the colours of the spectrum be ranged
    (F.) Colon iliaque ou s. du colon, the portion in a circle , in the proportions they hold in the
    of the intestine which makes a double cur. spectrum itself, the accidental colour of any
    vature in the left iliac fossa, and ends in the particular colour will be found directly oppo
    rectum . site. Hence the two colours have been termed
    Colon , Membranum . opposite colours.
    COLONITIS , Colitis , Dysentery . It will follow , from what has been said , that ,
    COLONNE, Columna - Ć. Vertébrale, Verte- if the primary colour, or that to which the eye
    bral column . has been first directed , be added to the acci
    COLONNES CHARNUES, Carneæ colum- dental colour, the result must be the same im
    næ - c. Charnues du caur , Columnæ carneæ . pression as that produced by the union of all
    COLOPHANE, Colophonia . the rays of the spectrum — that of white light.
    COLOPHO'NIA , so called from Colophon, The accidental colour, in other words, is what
    a city of lonia ; Phrycte, Fricta, Pix Græca. the primitive colour requires to make it white
    Resina nigra, Black Rosin, Pitch, Brown Rosin, light. The primitive and accidental colours
    (F.) Colophone, Colophane, Arcanson, Brai sec, are, therefore,complements of each other ; and
    The black resin , which remains in the retort, hence accidental colours have also been called
    after the distillation, by means of a strong fire, complementary colours. They have likewise
    of common turpentine. It is used like the tur- been termed harmonic, because the primitive
    pentines in general, and in some pharmaceuti- and its accidental colour harmonize with each
    cal preparations . other in painting.
    COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis. COLPITIS, Colposis.
    COLOQUINTIDA , Cucumus colocynthis. COLPOPTO'Sis , from xoantos, ' the vagina,'
    COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlo- and ntwois, " fall.' ' Prolapsus of the vagina,
    rosis — c. Virginum fædus, Chlorosis. (q. v .)
    COLOSTRATION, Colostra'tio. The dis. COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy.
    eases of new-born children, attributable to the COLPOS , Sinus, Vagina.
    colostrum . COLPORRHAGIA ,from xoanos, vagina,'
    COLOSTRUM , Colos'tra, Collostrum , Co- and gryrupe, 1 break forth .' Discharge of
    lustrum , Trophalis, Protog'ala, Neog'ala, ( Bi- blood from the vagina.
    estings or Beastings in the cow , & c.,) from COLPOʻSIS . Inflammation of the vagina.
    xodoi, food ,' (?) (F.) Béton . The first milk Synonymous with Elytroitis, Elytri'tis,Colei'tis,
    after accouchement. It contains more serum Colpitis.
    and butter, and less caseum than common milk ; COLPOSTEGNOʻSIS, from xoanos , vagi
    and seems to possess an evacuant property , na,' and oteyrou , ' I close .' Atresia or oblite
    which renders it fit to aid in the expulsion of ration of the vagina.
    the meconium. Colostrum formerly meant an COLT'S FOOT, Asarum canadense , Tussi
    emulsion prepared of turpentine and yelk of lago .
    egg . COL/UBER BERUS. The systematic name
    COLOURS, ACCIDENTAL. Opposite co- of the viper, Vipera, (F.) Couleuvre, Vipère.
    lours, Complementary and Harmonic colours. If A poisonous reptile — the poisonlyingin small
    the eye has been forsome time regarding a par- sacs near its teeth. The flesh is innocent, and
    ticular colour, the retina becomesinsensible to has been often taken in scrofula, and in cuta.
    this colour; and if, afterwards, it be turned to neous disorders in general, but it is ineffica
    a sheet of white paper, the paper will not seem cious .
    to be white, but will be of the colour that COLUBRINA DRACONTIA , Arum dra .
    arises from the union of all the rays of the so- cunculus - c. Lusitanica, Euphorbia capitata
    lar spectrum , except the one to which the re- c. Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria .
    tina has become insensible . Thus, if the eye COLUM , Colon .
    be directed for some time , to a red wafer, the COLUMBO , American, see Calumba - c.
    sheet of paper will seem to be of a bluish -green, Marietta , see Calumba.
    in a circular spot of the same dimensions as the COLUMELLA , Pillar, Uvula .
    wafer. This bluish -green image is called an COLUM'NA , Column, (F.) Colonne. Ana
    ocular spectrum , because it is impressed upon tomists use this word for parts which resemble
    the eye and may be retained for a short time; a column or pillar, (q. v.)
    and the colour bluish -green is said to be the Columna ADSTANS ÍNGUINIBUS , Penis-c .
    accidental colour of the red. If this experiment Dorsi, Vertebral column - c. Oris , Uvula - c.
    be made with wafers of different colours, other Spinalis, Vertebral column-c. Virginitatis,
    accidental colours will be observed, varying Hymen — c. Foraminis ovalis, see Ovalis fossa
    COLUMNEA CARNEÆ 175 COMMOTICE

    -c. Valvulæ Vieussenii, see Valvula Vieusses in the aged , and in those that were fat and
    nii-c. Vertebralis , Vertebral column. hard drinkers. Traill
    In such , Dr. has found a
    COLUM'NÆ CAR'NEÆ , Colum 'na Cordis, considerable quantity of oil in the serum of the
    Lacerti vel Lacertuli vel Funes vel Fasciculi blood. Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren
    teretes Cordis, Trabes Cordis, ( F. ) Colonnes think it necessary, that the body should be
    charnues du cæur . Small , fleshy columns, placed in contact with an ignited substance.
    which project, more or less, into the auricles Le Cat, Kopp, and Marc are of opinion that
    and ventricles of the heart whose
    , appears
    use to this is not necessary . The former appears to
    be to prevent too greatdilatation of those cavities. be the true view.
    COLUM'NÆ Nasi. The cartilaginous part of COMES ARCHIATRORUM . See Exar
    the septum of the nostrils . chiater .
    COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA , Bahel . COMESTIBLE , ( F. ) Edu'lis , from come
    COLUMNS OF MORGAGNI OR OF THE dere, “ to eat.' Eatablé. When this word is
    RECTUM . See Rectum . used substantively, in French as in English, it
    COLUS JOVIS , Salvia sclarea. means solid food .
    COLUSTRUM , Colostrum . COMESTIBLE, Esculent.
    COLU'TEA ARBORESCENS, Bladder COMEZ. Half a drop . Ruland .
    Senna, ( F.) Baguenaudier, Faux Séné. Fam . COMFREY, Symphytum - c. Spotted , Pul.
    Leguminosæ . Ser. Syst. Diadelphia Decan- monaria .
    dria . The leaves are slightly purgative, and COMISTE , Alinient .
    are often mixed with those of the cassia senna . COMMANDUCATIO , Mastication .
    COLUVRINE DE VIRGINIE , Aristolochia COMMERCIUM , Sympathy.
    serpentaria. COMMEM'ORATIVE . Commemorati'rus ,
    COLYM'BADES, Pickled Olives . These , from commemora're, ' lo cause to remember.'
    when bruised and applied to a burnt part, were That which recalls , or rather which is recalled .
    supposed to be able to prevent vesication.- COMMEMORATIVE Signs , ( F. ) Signes commem
    Dioscorides. oratifs are those , deduced from circumstances
    COMA, xopa. A profound state of sleep , which have gone before : or rather, according
    from which it is extremely difficult to rouse to others, those which point out the preceding
    the individual. It is a symptom, which occurs condition of the patient. They are also called
    in many diseases. Two varieties are distin- Anamnes'lic signs.
    guished, 1. TheComu rigil, Comaagrypnodes, COMMI, Gummi.
    Pervigilium , Vigiliæ nim'iæ, Typhonia, Veter'. COMMINU'TED, Comminutus, from com
    nus , Agrypnoco ma, Carus lethar gus vigil, minu'ere, to break to pieces.' (F.) Commi
    Typhoma'nia, (q. v.) which is accompanied nutif. A comminuted fracture is one in which
    with delirium . The patient has his eyes closed, the bone is broken into a number of pieces.
    but opens them when called ; and closes them COMMINU’TION , Comminu'tio , Thrypsis,
    again immediately . This state is accompa- Leio'sis, Gov 15, delvis. Fracture of a bone
    nied with considerable restlessness. 2. Coma into a number of pieces.
    Somnolen'tum , C. Comuto'des ;-in which the COMMISSURA , Articulation - c. Magna ce
    patient speaks when roused, but remains silent rebri , Corpus callosum - c. Ossium carnea,
    and immovable in the intervals. Coma is a Syssarcosis.
    deeper sleep than sopor , but less so than lethar- COM'MISSURE , Commissu'ra , Compa'ges,
    sy and carus. Compagina'tio, Sym 'physis, Sym'bole, from com
    Coma, Capillus — c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy-c . mit'to , ' I join together. A point of union be
    Cæsarea, Plica - c. Somnolentum , Somnolency. tween two parts: thus, the commissures ofthe
    COMACON , Myristica moschata . eyelids , lips, &c . , are the angles , which they
    COMAROS, Arbutus unedo. form at the place of union .
    COMATA , from xuua . Diseases charac- COM'MISSURE , Ante'rior , OF THE BRAIN ,
    terized by diminution of the powers of volun- Commissu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri,(F.) Commissure
    tary motion , with sleep or impaired state of the antérieure du cerveau. A small medullary fas.
    senses.- Cullen . ciculus , situate transversely at the anterior part
    COMATEUX , Comatose. of the third ventricle, and uniting the two he
    COMATODES , Comatose . mispheres.
    COM'ATOSE , Comato'des, (F. ) Comateur. COMMISSURE, POSTERIOR , OF THE BRAIN . A
    Relating to or resembling coma ;-as comatose similar medullary band , situate at the posterior
    sleepCOMBUSTIBI
    , comatose fever,& part of the third or middle ventricle .
    LITYc., PRETERNATU- The GREAT COMMISSURE OF THE BRAIN ,
    RAL , Combustion , human. Commissu'ra Magna Cerebri, (F. ) Grande
    COMBUSTIO , Burn . commissure du cerveau, which unites the two
    COMBUSTURA , Burn. hemispheres for some extent, is the Corpus
    COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, OR SPONTA- callo'sum .
    NEOUS COMBUSTION , OR PRETERNA. COMMISSURE, OBLIQUE OR INTERCEREBRAL.
    TURAL COMBUSTIBILITY, Catacau'sis, See Valvula Vieussenii.
    COMMO'SIS , zouli 0015 , from κομμου , 1 .
    Incen 'dium sponta'neum
    Combustion humaine, C. spontanée. ebrio'sa,
    , Catacau'sis These adorn.'. The art of concealing natural deformi
    terms have been applied to the extraordinary ties, as by painting the face. See, also, Propolis.
    phenomenon of a rapid destruction of the hi- COMMOʻTICE, ZOVUUtix », in the older wri
    man body, (being reduced to ashes,) either ters , meant the art of communicating facti
    spontaneously or by the contact of an ignited tious beauty to a person.--Painting the face ,
    substance. It is said to have always occurred Comoporia.
    COMMOTIO 176 COMPRESSOR OF DUPUYTREN

    COMMOTIO, Motion . of composing or compounding. Also, the Com


    COMMOTION, Concussion - c. du Cerceau , pound , Compos'itum , or thing compounded.
    Concussion of the brain . Likewise, a combination .
    COMMU'NICANS , Conjun'gens. That COMPOSITUM , Compound.
    which communicates or establishes a commu . TO COMPOUND . Same etymology ; to
    nication. Commu'nicant. There are two Ar- mix medicines. To mingle different ingredi
    te'riæ Communican'tes; both within the crani. ents into one whole. Used adjectively, it sig.
    um ; the oneanterior, very short , and extending nifies the result of the union of several medi
    transversely from one anterior cerebral artery cinal agents, as " a compound medicine."
    to the other,-the other, posterior, called also COMPREHENSIO , Catalepsy:
    Commu'nicans Willis'ii, which passes from the COM'PRESS, Compres'sa , Sple'nium , Pla '.
    internal carotid to the posterior cerebral artery. gula, Penicillum , Peniculum , from comprim '.
    It is a branch of the basilary. ere, ' to press together.' (F.) Compresse. " Fold.
    COMPACT, Compac'tus. Solid, close , (F.) ed pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by the
    Compacle. The term Compact Tissue is given aid of a bandage, to make due pressure upon
    to the hardest and closest parts of bone . any part. According to their shape, direction,
    COMPAGES , Articulation, Commissureớc. and use , compresses have been called long ( ( F.)
    Vertebrarum , Vertebral column. longuettes,) square ( Carrées,) triangular , pris.
    COMPAGÍNATIO, Commissure . matic, graduated (graduées,) split ( feridues,)
    COMPAS D'ÉPAISSEUR. See Pelvimeter. fenetrées, criblées Croix de Malte, oblique, circu.
    COMPASSIO , Sympathy. lar,dividing( divisires,)uniting(unisantes ,& c .
    COMPEBA , Piper cubeba. COMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN , Com
    COMPEPER , Piper cubeba. pressor of Dupuytren - c. du Nez, Compressor
    COMPER'NIS. One who has his knees nasi-c. de la Prostate, Compressor prostatæ .
    turned inwards . A case of distortion of the COMPRESSIO , Thlipsis.
    legs . COMPRES'SION , Compressio, Enercisis.
    COMPLETIO , Plethora. Same etymology. Pressure, Methodical Com
    COMPLEX, Complex'us. Embracing seve- pression. This is an agent, frequently had re
    ral distinct things." Chaussier uses this term course to in Surgery . We compress a limb,
    in his anatomical descriptions for complicated. affected with ædema , varices, hydrops articuli.
    COMPLEXIO, Coition , Confusio, Tempera- callous ulcer, & c. The abdomen is compressed
    ment. after delivery, after paracentesis abdominis, & c.
    COMPLEX'ION , Compler'io. This is of. The compression is produced by means of the
    ten employed, in English , for the colour of the roller, laced stocking, &c . according to the part
    face: as, “ Hehas a good complexion ,”-a" sal. and to the particular case. Moderate pressure
    low complerion," & c. It formerly had a more aids the contractility of parts, and excites the
    extensive signification, and still has in France . action of the absorbents; so that large tumours
    It signifies the aggregate of physical characters will sometimes disappear after it has been for
    presented by any individual; considered with some time used. A greater degree of pressure
    respect to his external arrangement or condi. occasions, still more , the emaciation of the part,
    tion. It means more than constitution , for but it is apt to impede the circulation . Pres
    which itis used synonymously in many cases, sure is often used to stop or moderate the flow
    and differs from temperament, which is less the of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds of ar
    external condition of the body than the state or teries and veins. In such cases the compres.
    disposition of the organs in health . - H . Closion may be immediate, when applied upon the
    quet. artery itself, or it may be mediate, when
    COMPLEX'US. 'Complicated, complex,'applied through the
    from complec'tor , ' to comprise ,' embrace ." integuments and soft parts.
    The French use the term - Compression immé
    COMPLEXUS Mus'culus , Biven'ter Cervi'cis, diate latérale - for that which is exerted per
    Complexus Major, Dorsotrachélon -occipital, Tra- pendicularly to the axis of a vessel, so as to
    chélo-occipital (Cu .) (F.) Muscle grand com- flatten its sides. It is practised with the finger,
    plecus. A muscle,situate at the hind part of forceps, tourniquet, compresses, & c.
    COMPRESSION OF THE Brain. This may arise
    the neck , where it extends from the interval
    that separates the two prominent ridges on the either from coagula of blood, a soft tumour, a
    posterior surface of the os occipitis, to the trans-bony excrescence, a depressed portion of the
    verse and articular processes of the last six cer- skull , or the presence of some foreign body.
    vical vertebræ , as well as to those of the five The effects vary , according as the compression
    first dorsal . It serves to straighten , incline , takes place suddenly or gradually. When sud
    and turn the head . denly, the symptoms are of the comatose or apo
    COMXLEXUS Minor, Mastoideus latera'lis, plectic character. When gradually, mania,
    Trachélo-mastoidien, Trache'lo-mastoideus, (F.) convulsions, & c. are more likely to occur.
    Muscle petit Complerus. It arises from the Compression , arising from a depressed portion
    transverse processes of the last four cervica) of skull, requires the use of the trephine .
    vertebræ , and is inserted into the mastoid pro- COMPRES'SIVE , Compressivus. That
    cess .
    which compresses. A compressive bandage is
    COMPLICATION , Complica'tio . In Me one that compresses the parts to which it is ap
    dicine it means the presence of severaldiseases, plied .
    or of several adventitious circumstances , fo. COMPRES'SOR OF DUPUYTREN , ( F. )
    reign to the primary disease . Compresseur de Dupuytren . An instrument
    COMPOSİ" TION, Compositio, from compo' for compressing the femoral artery, invented
    nere , “ to place together.” Syn'thesis. The act by Dupuytren. It is constructed on the same
    COMPUNCTIO 177 CONCRETION

    principles as the tourniquetof J. L. Petit, from ally, the male sperm is notfecundating; but of
    which it only differs in this respect ;—that, in- this we know little . The whole subject of con
    stead of being maintained in its place by a strap, ception is a most mysterious one . It seems to
    which always compresses more or less the cir- occur as follows. During the sexual union, the
    cumference of the limb, the two pads are placed male sperm passes along the uterus and Fallo
    at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which pian tubes : the fimbriated extremities of the
    by passing from one to the other without touch. latter seize hold of the ovarium : the sperm, in
    ing the parts, limits the pressure to two oppo- this manner, comes in contact with an ovum ,
    site points of the thigh , and permits the collate- and impregnates it. The fecundated ovum re
    ral circulation to go on . mains some time in the ovarium ; but at length
    COMPRESSOR OR CONSTRICTOR OF Nuck. An bursts its covering , is laid hold of by the fimbri
    instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob- ated extremity of the Fallopian tube, and passes
    viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a along the tube into the cavity of the uterus,
    girdle of iron , which surrounds the pelvis, to where it remains the full period of utero- ges.
    which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that tation .
    compresses the urethra in Perinæo. False Conception , Falsus Concep'tus, Spu '.
    COMPRESSOR NARis, Rina'us, Nasa'lis,Trans- rium germen , (F.) Fausse conception, Fauz
    versa'lis Nasi, Myrtiformis, Dilato'res ala'rum germo An irregular, preternaturalconception,
    nasi, Maxillo-narinal, Constrictor Nasi, C. Na- the result of which is a mole or some similar
    rium , C. Naris,Triangula'ris Nasi, Sus-maxillo- production, instead of a properly organized fæ .
    nasal.- (Ch.,) (F.) Compresseur du nez, Trans. tus. See MOLE .
    versal du nez. A muscle , situate at the sides CONCEP'TUS. The first rudiments of the
    of the nose ; flat and triangular. It arises from fætus, after conception.
    the inner part of the fossa canina, and passes CONCEPTUS Falsus , Conception , false.
    to the dorsum of the nose ; where it is confound. CONCHA , 20yX" . A liquid measure , amongst
    ed with that of the opposite side . the Athenians , equal to half an ounce. Anato .
    COMPRESSOR PROS'TATÆ ,Prostaticussuperior, mists apply this term to several hollow parts of
    Pubio-prostal'icus, Sub-pubio-prostaticus, (F.) the body;-as the Concha of the Ear, (F.)
    Compresseur dela prostate. Amuscle, admitted Conque, Concha Auris, Concha auriculæ; the
    by Albinus, which is formed of the anterior hollow part of the cartilage of the external ear.
    fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace the pros. It has, also , been applied to the genital organs
    tate . It is theProstat'icus supe'rior of Winslow. of the female ; to the patella, & c.
    COMPUNCTIO , Paracentesis , Puncturing. Concha , Patella, Turbinated bone , (middle ,)
    CONÆSTHESIS , Cænæsthesis. Vulva - c . Auris interna, Cochlea - c . Cerebri,
    CONARIUM, Pineal gland . Infundibulum of the brain - c . Inferior, Turbi
    CONATUS, Effort. nated bone, ( inferior ) -c. Labyrinthi, Cochlea.
    CONCASSER (F.,) from conquassa're ' to CONCHÈ NARIUM , Turbinated bones .
    break to pieces ; ' 'to comminute . To reduce CONCHA'RUM ANTIFEBRI'LĒ . A fe
    roots, woods,& c. into small fragments,in order brifuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's
    that their active principles may be more readily Pharmacopæia. It was composed of vinegar,mus
    separated from them . sel -shells, and water of the Carduus benedictus.
    CONCAU'SA or CONCAUS'SA, ovraitiov, CONCHO- HELIX . A small, fleshy fasci.
    Syma'tion. A cause which co-operates, with culus,attached to theconcha of the ear andhelix.
    another, in the production of disease . It is also called the small muscle of the helix .
    CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CERE CONCHUS , xoy xos . The cranium , (q. v .)
    BRI , Infundibulum of the brain . The orbitar cavities . - Castelli.
    CONCAVUM PEDIS , Sole . CONCHYLIA , Turbinated bones .
    CONCENTRAN'TIA , from concentra're, ' to CONCIDENTIA , Collapse .
    concentrate .' A name once given to acids and CONCIL’IUM . A milky plant, referred to,
    absorbents. by. Pliny , as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical.
    CONCENTRATION , Concentra'tio, from Adanson considers it to be a Campanula.
    cum , ' with ,' and centrum , ' a centre . ' Á word
    sometimes used , in medical theories , to express CONCOMBRE ORDINAIRE,Cucumis sati
    an afflux of fluids, or an accumulation of sensi- vus-c . Saurage, Momordica elaterium .
    bility or of vital force, towards an organ. It is CONCOM'ITANT, Concom'ituns. That
    applied, also , to the pulsation of arteries, when which accompanies. A symptom which accom
    not easily felt under the finger. panies others.
    POULS CONCENTRE ,( F.) is a term applied CONCREMATIO , Calcination .
    bytheFrench,to apulse of ihe above character. CONCRETIO , Adherence .
    CONCEPTACULA SEMINARIA , Vesicu- CONCREʼTION , Concretio, from concres'cere,
    la seminariæ . to condense , thicken , become solid : Pexis,
    CONCEPTACULUM , Uterus. Symper'is, nngis, ouPAntis. The act of becom
    CONCEPTION , Concep'tio, Cye'sis, xungis, ing thick or solid. It was once used synony .
    froin concip'io, ' I conceive.' The impregna- mously with adhesion or growing together ,--
    tion of the ovum in the ovarium , by the posi- as “ concretion of the toes.” Most commonly , it
    tive contact of the male sperm , whence results is applied to extraneous and inorganic bodies,
    a new being. In order that conception may of a solid character, met with in different tex
    take place, it is necessary , that there should be tures, after certain chronic inflammations ; or
    a uterus,and that the female should be capable which make their appearance in the joints or
    of menstruating in a healthy manner. There in the reservoirs for excrementitial fluids. Con .
    is every reason , also, to believe, that, occasion - ' cretion is, therefore, frequently synonymous
    23
    CONCUBITUS 178 CONDYLOMA

    with Calculus, and is then rendered , in Latin, mucous membrane, leaving the peritoneal and
    by the word concrementum . But Concretion has muscular coats , exposed to the vapour of
    a more extensive signification than Calculus ; burning brimstone,and afterwards washed with
    thus, accidental ossifications or deposits of phos. soap and water. They are then blown up, dried,
    phate of lime , in certain organs and especially cut to the length of 1 or 8 inches, and bordered
    in the liver and lungs, are properly called os. at the open end with a riband . They are drawn
    seous concretions. They could not well be called over the penis prior to coition , to prevent vene
    osseous calculi. real infection and pregnancy.
    CONCUBITUS, Coition. CONDUCTIO , Tonic spasm , convulsion .
    CONCUR'SUS , from concurrere, to meet to- CONDUCTOR, Director, (q. v. ) Itinera'.
    gether ,' Syn'drome. (q. v . ) The congeries or col- rium , ( F. ) Conducteur. That which conducts .
    lection of symptoms, which constitute and dis. The Conductor was an instrument, formerly
    tinguish a particular disease . used in the high operation for the stone, for
    CONCUSSION or COMMOʻTION , from directing the forceps into the bladder.
    concu'tio, ' I shake together.' Concussio , Thlus- CONDUIT, Canal - c. Auditif erlerne , Audi
    ma Concus'sio, ( F.) Commotion. In Surgery, it tory canal, external-c. Auditif interne, Audi
    is used
    organforbytheagitation
    a fall uponoften communicated
    organ ; as to
    to tory canal, internal- , Auriculaire, Auditory
    an another canal,external- c. Cholédoque, Choledoch duct
    the brain from a fall on the breech , & c . -1 . Déférent, Deferens vas— . d'Eustache,
    CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN, Encephalosis . Eustachian tube-c. Gutturale de l'oreille, Eu
    mus, (F. ) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes stachian tube - c. Labyrinthique,Auditory canal,
    gives rise to alarming symptoms, even to aboli- internal-c. Pterygoidien , Pterygoid canal - c.
    tion of the functions of the brain , yet without Sousorbitaire, Suborbitar canal - c. Spermatique,
    any sensible organic disease. Slight concus . Deferens (vas ) -c. Thoracique, Thoracic duct
    sion of the brain , called stunning , consists in -c. Vidien , Pterygoid canal.
    vertigo , tinnitus aurium , loss of memory, and CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals - c.
    stupefaction ; all these being temporary. When Aqueux, see Aqueous-c . Aveugles de l'urethre,
    more severe, there is instant loss of sensation see Cæcus — c. Dentaires, Dental canals — c.
    and volition, vomiting , the patient being as if Ejaculateurs, Ejaculatory ducts - c. Lacrymaur,
    in a sound sleep, but there is no stertorous Lachrymal ducts — c. Lactifères ,Lactiferous ves
    breathing. Pulse variable, generally more rapid sels - c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive - c. Nutri
    and feeble than in compression ; extremities ciers , Canals, nutritive.
    cold . Little can be done here, till reaction has
    CONDULODES, Condyloid.
    occurred ; after this , the case must be treated COND'YLE , Cond'yle, Con'dylus, Capit'
    according to general principles, -by bleeding, ulum , ' a knot, eminence.' An articular emi.
    blisters , cold applied to the head , &c . After se- nence , round in one direction, flat in the other.
    vere concussion, a patient, although apparently A kind of process , met with , more particularly,
    well, is not safe till some time after the acci- in the ginglymoid joints;-such as the condyles
    dent.
    of the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, & c.
    CONDENSAN'TIA ,Incrassan'tia,(q.v.)Me. Some Anatomists have applied the term , how
    dicines
    humours once
    .
    esteemed proper for inspissating the to
    ever, to eminences , that are not articular; as
    the lateral tuberosities at the inferior ex
    CONDENSATIO , Stegnosis . tremity of the os humeri, and even to certain
    CONDENSATION, of the blood and other. depressions
    tio. Increase in density Condensa'tio,Inspissa' ; as to the concave,
    faces or faces at the upper articular sur
    extremity of the
    liquids, or of the solids, which enter into the tibia. Chaussier calls the transverse root of
    composition of the human body. the zygomatic process , Condyle of the Tempo
    CONDIMENT, aptiua, Condimen'tum ,Ar- ral Bone.
    tyma, Hedys'ma, novoua, Conditu'ra, from con- CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS , Pha
    di'rē, ' to season ,' (F.)Assaissonnement. Some langes of the fingers.
    substances are called, at times, aliments, and , at CONDYLOID , Condyloïdeus, Condulo/des,
    others ,condiments, according as they may con- from xordvios, a condyle,' and sidos, shape.
    stitute the basis or the accessary to any dish : Having the shape of a condyle.
    such are cream , butter, mushrooms, olives, &c . FORAM'INA CONDYLOIDEA , ( F. ) Trous condy
    Others are always condiments, as they are only loidiens. ( F.) Fosses condyloidiennes. These are
    usedto improve the savour of food,and contain distinguished into anterior and posterior. They
    but little nutritive matter. Such are pepper, are four in number, seated in the occipital
    salt, cinnamon , & c . Almost all condiments are bone ; two anterior, and two posterior, to the
    possessed of stimulant properties . condyles or condyloid processes of the same bone ,
    CONDIT, Confection . and to depressions, which are called Fosse
    CONDI'TUM , same etymon . A pharma- Condyloidea .
    ceutical compound of wine , honey , and some As the word Condyloïdien means that
    aromatics,
    tion.
    especially pepper. Also, a confec- which has the shape of a condyle, " it has been
    judiciously proposed, by some French anato
    CONDITURA CADAVERUM ,Embalming. mists, that condylien should be used in pre
    CONDOM , Armour, (F. ) Baudruches , Re- ference , in the case of the foramina and tos
    dingotes Anglaises, Gants dés Dames. The in- sæ .
    testina cæca of sheep, soaked for some hours ' CONDYLOMA, Con'dylus, from nordvios ,
    in water, turned inside out, macerated again in " a knot,' ? an eminence . A soft, fleshy ex
    weak , alkaline ley - changed every twelve crescence, of an indolent character, which ap
    hours, -and scraped carefully to abstract the pears near the orifice of the genital organs and

    !
    CONDYLUS 179 CONFECTION , & c.
    rectum , and occasionally on the fingers and cording to Baumé,ofterra sigillata, crab's stones,
    toes. It is the consequence of the syphilitic cinnamon , leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh ,
    virus. Such tumours are also called Dermophy - saffron , syrup of lemon, camphor, Narbonne
    mata venerea .
    CONDYLUS, Condyloma. honey, oil of lemon , &c.; and formerly the hya
    cinth was added , whence its name .
    CONESSI CORTEX , Nerium antidysen- CONFECTIO Opii, Electuarium Opiatum , Con
    tericum .
    fectio Opiu'ta , Philo'nium Londinen'se, The
    CONFECTIO , Confection, from confi'cio, ' I riaca Edinen 'sis, Philo'nium Romanum , Opium
    make up.' Alig'ulus. (F.) Confiture, Condit. Confection , Electuarium Theba'icum . ( Hard
    In general, it means any thing made up or pre- opium zvj, long pepper Zj , ginger root Zij, car
    served with sugar. In the late London Phar. Taway seeds ziij, syrup ibj: one grain of opium
    macopeias, it includes the articles before called in 36 Ph. L.) It is narcotic and stimulant.
    electurries and conserves. Confectio or Con- Dose , gr. x to j.
    fec'tum also means Confectionary. Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni
    CONFECTIO ALKERMES , Alkermes. c. ex Capitibus papaveris , Diacodium .
    CONFECTIO AMYGDALA'RUM , Almond Confec- CONFECTIO Pip'ERIS Nigri, Ward's Paste for
    tion, Almond Paste, Pasta régia, P. Amygdali'- Fistula. (Black pepper, elecampane root , each
    na , Pasta Emulsi'da, Butyrum Amygdala'rum abj, fennel seed Tbiij, white sugar fbij.) Dose , size
    Dulcium . ( F. ) Confection d'Amandes. ( Sweet of a nutmeg three or four times a day.
    almonds 3j, gum acacia zj, white sugar ziv: ConfectiO RALEIGHANA , Confectio aro
    Blanch the almonds, and beat into a paste .) matica.
    A good niode of keeping almonds in a state fit Confectio Rosa Cani'nÆ , ( L ). Conserva
    for making emulsions . Rose Canina, Conserca Cynos'bati, C. Cynor
    CONFECTIO ARCHIG'ENI, C. Pauli'na. ( Cas- rhodi, Rob Cynosbatos, Confection or Conserve
    tor ,long pepper, black pepper, storar, galbanum , of Dog Rose. ( Pulp of dog rose lbj, sugar zxx.
    costus, opium , of each Zss ,saffron zij, syrup of Incorporate.) It is chiefly used as a vehicle for
    wormwood 3ij.) It was much recommended as other remedies.
    a stimulant in nervous affections. CONFECTIO Rosæ GAL'LICE , (L.) Conseron
    ConfectIO AROMAT’ICA , Electudrium Aro . Rose Gallicæ , Conserva Rose , C. Florum Rosa'
    maticum , C. Cardiaca , c. Raleigha'na , Aro- rum Rubra'rum , C.Florum Rose Rubre , Rhodo
    matic Confection , Sir Walter Raleigh's Cordial. sac'charum , C. Rose Rubræ , Confection of the
    The following is the London formula. ( Cinna- Red Rose. ( Petals ihj, ugar fbiij.) It is as .
    mon, nutmeg, of each zij, cloves 3j , cardamom tringent, but chiefly used as a vehicle for other
    seed zss,saffron zij , prepared shells Zxvi , rec. remedies.
    tified sugar ibij, water ibj. Rub the dry sub- CONFECTIO RUTÆ , Confection of Rue. ( Rue
    stances to a powder, adding the water gradu- leares dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of each
    ally3j.till the whole be incorporated .) Dose, Dj . Ziss, sagapenum ziv, black pepper zij, honey
    to 3xvj . Mix .) It is given in clysters, as an anti
    Confectio Aurantio'rum , Conserva Cor'. spasmodic and carminative.
    ticum Aurantiorum , C. Cor'ticis Exterioris Au- CONFECTIO DE SAN'Talis , Confection of the
    rantii Hispalen'sis, C.Flavcd'inis Corticum Au- Saunders, (F.) Confection de Sandaux. (San
    rantiorum Hispalen'sium ,Conser'va Aurantii, c. dal wood, red coral, bole armeniac, terra sigil
    Citri Aurantii, Confection of the Orange, Con- lata, kermes berries, tormentil root,dittany, saf
    serde of Orange Peel. ( Yellow part of the fron, myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn,
    peel of the orangelbj, rectified sugar ibiij, beat cloves.) ' It was formerly used as an astringent
    into a conserve.) It is stomachic, and an agree- CONFECTIO SCAMMO'NIÆ , Electuarium Scam.
    able vehicle , corrigent, and adjuvant for other monii, Electuarium e Scammonio, Caryocosti
    remedies. Dose , Zss. num , Confection of Scam'mony. ( Powdered
    Confectio CARDIACA, Confectio aromatica. scammony Ziss, bruised cloves, powdered gin
    Confectio Cas'siÆ , Electua'rium Cassia ger, āā zvj, oil of carraway zss, syrup of roses ,
    Fis'tule, E. Cassie, E. e Cassiâ, E. larati'dum , q. s .) A stimulating cathartic . Dose, 3ss
    Conserva Cassia ,Electuarium Cassie tamarinda'- to 3j .
    tum seu leniti'oum , Electa'rium e Cassiâ , Diacas'. ConfectIO SENNÆ , Electuarium Cassiæ Sen
    sia cum Mannâ, Cassia Confection . (Cassia na, E. Sennæ cum Pulpis , E. Sennæ compos'
    pulp lbss, manna zij, tamarind pulp Zj , syrup of itum , Benedictum Lazuti'vum , Electuarium
    roses lb ss. Bruise the manna, dissolve by heat, upe'riens, E. cathol'icum commu'nē, E. diapru'
    mix the pulp ,and
    tive. Dose, Zss. evaporate. It is
    gently laxa- num, E. eccoprot'icum, Elect. Senne, E. e Senna,
    E. leniti'vum , Confection of Senna, &c . (Senna
    CONFECTIO DAMOCRATIS, Mithridate. leaves 3viij, figs fbj, tamarind pulp, cassia
    Confectio HAMEC ;-so called from an Ara- pulp , pulp of French prunes, each fb ss, corian
    bian physician,-- wascomposed of the bark of der seed ziv, liquorice root zij, sugar ibiiss.)
    the yellow myrobalans, black myrobalans,violets, It is a laxative, and is used in habitual consti
    pulp of colocynth, the polypodium of the oak, pation, and in constipation during pregnancy .
    leaves of wormwood, thyme, aniseed ,fennel, red Dose, 3ss to 3 ss.
    roses, pulps of prunes, raisins, sugar, honey, CONFECTIO DE THURE, Frank'incense Con
    senna,rhubarb,
    glysters.
    &c . It was used as a purgative fection , ( F ) Confection d'Encens. A compound
    in of the coriander seeds, nutmeg , thus, liquorice ,
    CONFECTIO HYACINTAI, Hyacinth Confec- mastich, cubebs, prepared hartshorn , conserve of
    tion , Electuarium seu Confectio de Croco emenda'- red roses,sugar , & c .
    ta , olim dicta de hyacin'this ( P. ) A tonic and CONFECTION D'AMANDES, Confection,
    slightly astringent confection , composed, ac almond - c. d'Encens, Confectio de Thure - e.
    CONFECTUM 180 CONI VASCULOSI

    Frankincense, Confectio de Thure - c. of the CONGELATI'VA MEDICAMENTA , Con


    Orange, Confectio aurantiorum - c. of the Red glutinan'tia, Congelan'tia. Medicines , consi
    rose, Confectio rosæ gallicæ-c. of Rue, Con. dered capable of uniting, or consolidating
    fectio rutæ , c. de Sundaur, Confectio de san . wounds, &c .
    talis — c . of the Sanders , Confectio de santalis. CONGENER , Congen'erous, from cum ,'with ,'
    CONFECTUM , Confection . and genus, kind, ( F.) Congénère. Of the
    CONFERVA HELMINTHO-CORTOS, samekind or species. Resembling each other
    Corallina corsicana. in some manner . When applied to muscles it
    CONFER'va Riva'lis. This species of Rider means that they concur in the same action ; in
    Weed has been recommended in cases of spas. opposition to the word antagonist, or that
    modic asthma, phthisis, & c. which acts in an opposite direction.
    CONFIRMANTIA , Tonics. In France Congénères is applied to those
    CONFITURE, Confection. who join in the dissection of the same subject.
    CONFLUENT, Con'fluens, from flu'ere, ' to CONGENITÆ NOTÆ , Nævus.
    flow, and cum , together. An epithet for CONGENITAL , CONGENITE, Conge
    certain exanthematous affections, in which the nia'lis, Congen'itus, from gen'itus, ' begotten,
    pimples , pustules , & c ., run together. It is and cum , ' with ,' (F.) Congénial ou Congénital.
    particularly applied to small-pox, under such Diseases which infants have at birth ; hence ,
    circumstances. Some_authors have called Congenital affections are those that depend on
    Scarlatina or Scarlet Fever - Confluent Mea- faulty conformation ; as congenital hernia , con
    sles, Morbil'li Confluen'tes. genital cataract, & c .
    CONFLUENT DES SINUS, Torcular He- CONGESTION, Conges'tio, from conge'.
    rophili. rere , to amass ,' ' accumulate,' & c. Symphore'
    CONFLUENTIA , Confædera'tio ; same ety- ma, Synathroismus, Engorgement. Accumu
    mon . A term , employed by Paracelsus to ex- lation of blood or other Huid in an organ. It
    press the concordance between a disease and is an important symptom in febrile and other
    its remedies. disorders . It may arise, either from an extra
    CONFLUXIO , Sympathy . ordinary flow of blood by the arteries, or from
    CONFEDERATIO , Confluentia. a difficulty in the return of blood to the heart
    CONFORMATION, Conforma'tio, Diap- by the veins. More often ,perhaps, it is owing
    lasis, from conformare, to arrange,'' dispose.' to the latter cause , and is termed venous con
    The natural disposition or arrangement of the gestion, stasis or stagnation :-being not unu
    body. Faulty conformation, (F.) Vice de con- sually attended with symptoms of oppression
    formation, is vice of original formation ;-ex- and collapse.
    isting, of course, from birth. In French Sur- CONGLACIATIO , Congelation.
    gery , Conformation is used synonymously with CONGLO'BATE , Congloba'tus, from conglo
    Coaptation, and both it, Diaplasis and anapla- ba're, to collect,' "to gather into a ball,' (F.)
    sis, mean , also, restoration to the original form Conglobé.
    --as in fractures, & c . CONGLO'BATE GLAND , Glan'dula congloba'ta ,
    CONFORTANTIA , Tonics. Glandula Mucosa, Conglobategland, Globate
    CONFORTER, (F.) Confirma're, Conforto - gland, Lymphatic gan'glion , (F.) Glande con
    Te, Corrobora're. To make stronger — to give globée, Ganglion lymphatique. A round body,
    energy. l'estomac, to strengthen formed of lymphatic vessels, connected toge
    Conforter
    the stomach .' ther by cellular structure , but having neither
    CONFRICA'TION , Confrica'tio, from confri. a cavity nor excretory duct. The mesenteric ,
    ca're,to rubagainst.' The action of reducing inguinal and axillary glands are of this class.
    CONGLOBÉ, Conglobate.
    a friable substance to powder, by rubbing it be-
    tween the fingers ; and of expressing the juice CONGLOM'ERATE, Conglomera'tus,Glom ' -
    of a plant with the hand . erate, Glomera'tus, (F.) Congloméré. Heaped
    CONFU'SÆ FEBRES . Intermittents, together.
    whose paroxyms are irregular and confused. - CONGLOM'ERATE GLANDS, Glan'dulæ conglo
    Bellini . mera'ta , Glandula vasculo'sa, are those whose
    CONFU'SIO , from confundo , ' I mix toge- lobules are united under the same membrane ;
    ther ;' Syn ' chysis. A disease of the eye , wbich as the liver, kidney, testicle , &c.
    consists in the mixture of the humours. - Ga- CONGLUTINANTIA , Congelativa.
    len . It has, also, been used synonymously CONGRÈS, (F.) Congress, Congres'sus.
    with Complerio . This term , which has often been usedsyrony.
    CONGÉLANTIA , Congelativa. mously with Coition, means, also , the ocular
    CONGELATIO , Catalepsy ; proof, formerly ordered by the Judicial Autho
    CONGELAPTION,Congela'tio, Conglacia'tio, rity, in the presence of surgeons and matrons ,
    Gela'tio, from con'gelo , I congeal,' I freeze .' to test the impotence or capabilities of the par
    The action of congealing, of passing to the so- ties ;-a most unsatisfactory and indecent ex
    lid state by the abstraction of heat ; as conge- hibition. It was forbidden by the Parliament
    lation of water, mercury , &c . of Paris in the year 1667 .
    The term had once other acceptations. 1. It CONGRESSUS, Coition .
    was synonymons with concretion . 2. With CONIA , Lixivium .
    coagulation, in which sense it is still occasion . CONIASIS, Incrustation .
    ally employed. 3. The ancients called all dis- CONIOSTOSIS , Pulverization .
    eases, produced by cold, congelations, as well CONISTERIU
    CONIS , Pulvis.
    as those in which there was a kind of stupor or M , Apodyterium .
    torpor - particularly catalepsy. CONI VASCULO'SI. Conical bundles,
    CONIA 181 CONSERVA

    formed by the vasa efferentia of the testis : of which, however, little that is accurate is
    having their base towards the epididymis. known .
    CONIA, κονια . A wine, prepared by fer- CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA , Syssar
    menting the must of the grape on tar pre- cosis.CONNUTRI'TUS , Syn'trophos, our pocos ,
    viously washed in sea -water. - Orfila . See,
    also , Lixivium . from cum , with ,' and nutrior, ' I am nourished. '
    CONI'UM MACULATUM , XUVELOV , Coni'- A disease is so called which has grown up, as
    um,Cicu'ta, Cicu'ta major ,Abiotos, Cicutaterres'- it were, with an individual, or has been con
    tris, Cicuta major fætida, C. vulga'ris, Common nate with him . - Hippocr., Galen.
    Hemlock , Hemlock, (F.) Cigue ordinaire, c . CONOID, Conoideus, Conor'des , from xuros,
    grande. Nat. Ord . Umbelliferæ. Ser. Syst. ' a cone ,' and £ 1805 , ' shape ,' ( F.) Conoïde. Re
    Pentandria Digynia. The leaves and seeds sembling a cone.
    are narcotic and poisonous in an overdose . Conoid LIG'AMENT . A ligament, passing
    Light destroys the virtues of the leaves ; and , from the coracoid process to the scapula, and
    therefore, the powder should be kept in opaque forming part of the coraco-clavicular, (q. v . )
    bottles, well corked . It has been used as a ligament of someanatomists.
    palliative in cancer and other painful affec- CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland .
    tions ; but is not equal to opium . Externally , CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conquassans, from
    it has been applied in fomentation to cancerous cum, ' with ,', together ;' and quassa're, to
    and scrofulous ulcers. Dose , gr. ij to x . shake . ' Douleurs conquassantes are the pains
    Da'vidson's REMEDY FOR Cancer is said to of parturition , at the time of their greatest in
    consist of powdered hemlock and arsenious acid . lensity, when the head is engaged in the pelvis.
    CONJONCTIVE, Conjunctiva. CONQUASSA'TION . Same etymon . A
    CONJUGAISON , Conjugation . pharmaceutical operation , which consists in
    CONJUGA”TIOŃ , Conjuga'tio (F.) Conju- dividing,
    gaison . Assemblage, union , Conju'gium .
    with a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits,
    & c . See Confrication .
    FORAM'INA CONJUGATIONIS, (F.) Trous de CONQUE , Concha.
    conjugaison . The apertures at the sides of the CONSECUTIVE , Consecuti'ous, from cum ,
    spine, formed by the union of the notches of ' with ,' and sequi, to follow .'
    the vertebræ . They give passage to the nerves CoNsEcUTIVE PHENOM'ENA Or Symptoms , (F.)
    of the spinal marrow , and to the vessels , which Phenomènes ou accidens consécutifs, are such as
    enter, or issue from , the vertebral canal . appear after the cessation of a disease, or , ac
    CONJUGIUM , Coition, Conjugation . cording to others, during its decline ; but with
    CONJUNC'TI MORBI . Diseases joined out having any direct connexion with it.
    together . Authors have distinguished two CONSENSUS, Consent of parts , Sympathy.
    kinds of these ;-one , in which the diseases go CONSENT OF PARTS , Consen'sus, Con
    on simultaneously - morbi conner'i ;-the other, sen' suspar'lium , Sympathi'a, from cum, ' with ,'
    in which they succeed each other- morbi con- and senti're,' to feel.' (F.) Consentement des
    sequentes . Parties. That relation of different parts of the
    CONJUNCTIO , Articulation . body with each other, which is more commonly
    * CONJUNCTIVA MEMBRA'NA, Circum- denominated sympathy, ( q . v .)
    caula'lis, Epipeph'ycos, Tu'nica agna'ta, Tu'nica CONSENTEMENT DES PARTIES, Con
    adna'ta, T. conjuncti'da , (F. ) Conjonctive, Mem- sent of parts .
    brane adnée. A mucous membrane, so called CONSERVA’TION, Conserva'tio, rhylar'is,
    because it unites the globe of the eye with the qudağış, from conserva're, “ to preserve. ( F.)
    eyelids . It covers the anterior surface of the Conservation des Drogues , Asservation. The
    eye , the inner surface of the eyelids, and the art of preserving any objectof pharmacy ; any
    caruncula lachrymalis . It possesses great gene- remedial agent, & c ., from decay.
    ral sensibility , communicated to it by the fifth CONSERVÁ , Conser'de, from conserva're,
    pair. to preserve.' A pharmaceutical preparation,
    CONJUNCTIVITIS , Ophthalmia. composed of a vegetable substance and a suffi
    CONJUNGENS , Communicans. cient quantity of sugar. The London and
    CONNATE , from cum natus, 'born with . ' American pharmacopæias prefer the term Con.
    Connate DISEASES , (F.) Maladies connées, Fiction, (q. v .)
    Morbi conna'ti , are such as an individual is CONSERVA Ábsin'tan , C. Alsin'thii marit'.
    born with :-Connate having the same signiti imi, Conserve of Wormwood. ( Leades ibj, su
    cation as congenital. A difference has been gar fbiij.) It has been employed as a tonic ,sto
    made by some, however ; those diseases or machic, and vermifiige.
    conditions , which are dependent upon ori- Conserva de ANGEL'ICÂ (P.,) Conserve d'An .
    ginal conformation , being called congenital;- gélique, C. of Angelica . ( Pulp of root 250
    whilst the diseases or affections, that may have parts; white sugar, boiled in a decoction of the
    supervened during gestation or delivery, are root, and reduced to the consistence of a solid
    termed connate . electuary , 1000 parts.) It is tonic , aromatic,
    CONNEC'TICUT, MINERAL WATERS and stomachic.
    OF. There is a mineral spring at Stafford in CONSERVA DE APO GRAVEOLEN'TE (P.,) Con
    this state , twenty-four miles from Hartford , serve d'Ache, Conserve of Smallage. Prepared
    which has obtained more celebrity than any like the preceding. Reputed to have the same
    one in New England. Its principal ingredi- properties.
    ents are iron and carbonic acid . It, conse- CONSERVA ARI , Conserve of Arum . ( Fresh
    quently , belongs to the class of acidulous cha- root lbss, sugar lb iss. ) Esteemed diuretic and
    Jy beates. There are other springs in the state, stimulant.
    CONSERVE D'ACHE 182 CONSTRICTOR

    CONSERVA AURANTI, Confectio auranti-, CONSTELLA'TUM UNGUENTUM . An


    orum - c. Cassiæ , Confectio cassiæ -c . Citri ointment, composed of cleansed earthworms !
    aurantii, Confectio aurantiorum- c. Corticis dried and pulverized ; and of the fat of the bear
    exterioris aurantii Hispalensis, Confectio au- or wild boar. It was formerly employed in
    rantiorum — c. Corticum aurantiorum , Confec- toothache, and to basten the cicatrization of
    tio aurantiorum - c . Florum rosarum rubrarum , wounds .
    Confectio rose gallic & -c. Cynosbati , Confec- CONSTERNATIO , Stupor.
    tio rosa canine-c . Cynorrbodi , Confectio ro- CONSTIPATIO , Stegnosis.
    se canine - c . Flavedinis corticis aurantiorum CONSTIPATION, Constipa'tio, from con
    Hispalensium , Confectio aurantiorum - c. Ro- stipa're, to cram close .' Obstipa'tio, Adstric
    sæ, Confectio' rosa gallicæ-c. Rose canina, tio, Obstipa'tio alvi'na, Ischocoi'lia , Aldus ad
    Confectio rosa canine — c. Rose gallicæ , Con- stric'ta , siypsis, Constipa'tio alvi, Copros'tasis,
    fectio rosæ gallicæ . (F. ) Échauffement, Ventre resserré .“ Costive
    CONSERVÅ CochLEA'RIE HORTEN'sis , Con. ness. A state of the bowels, in which the evacu
    serve of Lemon Scuroy Grass. (Leaves lúj, su- ations do not take place as frequentlyas usual ;
    gar Tbiij.) Reputed to be stimulant and anti- or are inordinately hard , and expelled with
    scorbutic. difficulty. It may be owing, either to diminish
    of the intestines,
    CONSERVA LU'JULE , C, Folio'rum lu'jula ,Con- ed action of the muscular coatfrom
    serce of Woodsorrel. ( Leades i , sugar fbiij.) or to diminished secretion the mucous
    Gratefully acid and refrigerant. membrane, or to both . Cathartics will usually
    CONSERVA MENTHÆ , C. Mentha foliorum , C. remove it ; after which its exciting and predis.
    Menthæ sati've, Conserve of Mint. ( Leades ponent causes must be inquired into and obvi.
    lbj, sugar hiij.) Stomachic in nausea and vo- ated, to render the curepermanent.
    miting. CONSTITUTIO , Habit of body-c . Nervosa,
    Conserva Prusi Sylvestris, Pulpa pruno- Nervous diathesis.
    rum sylvestrium condi'ta , C. Prunæ sylvestris, CONSTITUTION, Constitu'tio, Catas'tasis,
    Conserve of Sloes , ( Pulp í part, sugar 3 parts.) Status, from cum , ' with ,' and stare, ' to stand .'
    Possessed of astringent properties. A collection of several parts, forming a whole.
    CONSERVA SCILIÆ , Conserve of Squill.( Fresh In Medicine , Constitution means the state of
    squills 3j, sugar 3x .) Possesses the diuretic all the organs of the human body, considered
    and other virtues of the squill. in regard to their particular and respective ar
    CONSERVE D'ACHE, Conserva de apio rangement, order, or activity. A good consti
    graveolente - c. Lemon scurvy grass,Conserva tution is one in which every organ is well de.
    cochleariæ hortensis — c. of Mint, Conserva veloped, and endowed with due energy, so that
    menthæ - c, of Orange, ( red ) Confectio auran- all perform their functions with equal facility.
    tiorum - c. of Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris Any want of equilibrium in their development
    -c . of Smallage ,Conserva de apio graveolente and energy, forms a difference in the constitu
    -c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulæ — c. of tion . We say that a man is of a good or robust,
    Wormwood, Conserva absinthii. a delicate or weak constitution , when he is com
    CONSERVES, Spectacles. monly healthy, or commonly labouring under,
    CONSIDENTIA. This word has two ac- or unusually susceptible of, disease.
    ceptations. 1. It is synonymous with Apocatas. ConstitUTION OF THE AT'MOSPHERE , Con
    tasis; and , 2. It signifies contraction of any stitu'tio A'eris, (F.) Constitution Atmosphérique.
    cavity or canal :-See Synezisis. The different conditions of the atmosphere, as
    CONSISTEN’TIA . A Latin term , employed regards dryness and humidity, temperature,
    in two senses . 1. When joined to the word heaviness , direction of the winds, & c ., con
    Morbi or Ætatis, it expresses the acme of a dis- sidered as respects their influence on the ani
    ease , or the age at which the constitution has mal economy .
    acquired its full strength. 2. By consisten'tia EPIDEM'IC Constitution or MED'ICAL CON
    humorisis meant the density of a humour, STITUTION , (F.) Constitution médicale, C. épidé .
    CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum - c. mique. The aggregate of meteorological con
    Media, Ajuga,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum ditions,sofar asthey are appreciable , during
    -c. Minor, Prunella - c. Regalis, Delphinium which diseases prevailepidemically.
    consolida – c. rubra, Tormentil - c. Saracenica, CONSTITU'TIONAL , ( F.) Constitutionnel.
    Solidago virgaurea. Belonging to the constitution of an individual ;
    CONSOLIDANTIA , Consolidati'va Medica- to his manner of being ; as , constitutional phthi
    men'ta. Substances, formerly given for the sis, C. Gout, &c . By some, this epithet has
    purpose of consolidating wounds, or strength- been given to diseases, produced by the consti
    eningcicatrices. tution of the atmosphere, but this acceptation
    CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia. is not common .
    CONSOMMÉ, Consumma'tum ,Zomos, (unos. CONSTRICTEURS DE LA VULVE, Con .
    Soup, strongly charged with gelatine, and con- strictores cunni-c. du Vagin, Constrictores
    sequently very nutritious, although not propor. cunni.
    tionably easy ofdigestion. CONSTRICTIO, Systole.
    COŃSOMPTION , Consumption . CONSTRICTIVA , Styptics .
    CONSORTIUM , Sympathy. CONSTRICTOR , from constrin 'gere, ' to
    CONSOUDE, GRANDE, Symphytum . bind .' (F. ) Constricieur. That which binds in
    CONSOUND ,MIDDLE , Ajuga. a circular direction . A Sphincter (q . v .) . Dif
    CONSPERSIO , Catapasma . ferent muscles are so called.
    CONSPICILLA, Spectacles. ConstrictORES Cunni , Clitor'idis inferiores
    CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy. lati et plani mus'culi, Sphincter Vagi'næ ( F .) Con .
    CONSTRINGENTIA 183 CONTAGION

    stricteurs du Vagin, C. de la Vulde. Small mus- / Some physicians, surgeons, and accoucheurs
    cles , which originate beneath the clitoris, de confine themselves to consulting practice.
    scend along the sides of the vagina, and termi- CONSUMMATUM , Consommé.
    nale by becoming confounded with the trans- CONSUMP'TION , from consu 'mere,'to waste
    versus perinæi and external sphincter ani mus- away .' Consump'tio, Syntez'is, ouvergis. (F.)
    cles. Their use is to contract the entrance of Consomption. Progressive emaciation or wast
    the vagina. ing away. This condition precedes death , in
    CONSTRICTOR Ani, Sphincter ani externus- the greater part of chronic diseases, and par
    c. Isthuni faucium , Glossostaphylinus- c.Nasi,ticularly in phthisis pulmonalis : on this ac.
    Compressor naris - c. Oris, Orbicularis oris - c. count it is, that phthisis has received the name
    Palpebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum. consumption. - See Phthisis. Fièvre de Con
    CONSTRICTORES ALARUM Nasi, Depressor somption, Consumptive fever, is the same as
    Alæ Nasi . Hectic fever, (q. v .)
    ConstRICTO'RES LARYN'GIS. Lieutaud de . CONSUMPTION , PULMONARY, Phthisis pulmo
    scribes under the name , Grand constricteur du nalis.
    larynx, the muscle Crico-arylenoideus latera'lis CONSUMPTI'VA . Same etymology. Caus
    with the Thyro-arytenoideus. tics , used for the destruction of fungi ; as
    Constrictor Esoph'agi, Constrictor of the burnt alum , lunar caustic, & c . , were formerly
    Esoph'agus, ( F.) Constricteur de l'Esophage, so called .
    Muscle esophagien. A fasciculus of fleshy , CONTABESCEN'TIA , from contabes'cere,
    to grow lean .' Consumption , inarasmus, atro
    circular fibres, at the upper part of the æsopba- 'phy,
    gus. (q . v . ) &c .
    CONSTRICTo'res PHARYN'G18 , Constrictors of CONTACT, Contac'tus. The state of two
    the Pharynx, Sphincter Gula . Muscular ex- bodies that touch each other. In the theory of
    pansions, which assist in forming the parietes contagious diseases, we distinguish immediate
    of the pharynx. Three of these are generally or direct contact, as when we touch a patient la
    admitted. 1. The Constrictor Pharyngis infé'- bouring under one of those diseases , and me
    rior, Crico -pharyngeus and Thyro -pharyngeus, diate or indirect contact, when we touch , not
    Crico-thyro -pharyngien. It is broad , verythin, the patient himself, but objects thathave touch
    quadrilateral, and seated superficially , extend- ed, or emanated from him. The air is, most
    ing from the thyroid and cricoid cartilages as commonly, the medium by which this last kind
    far as the middle of the pharynx, and uniting, of contact is effected.
    on the median line , with that of the opposite CONTA'GION, Conta 'gio , Contages, Con .
    side. 2. The Constrictor Pharyngis Medius, ta'gium , Aporrha'a, Apoc'risis, from contin'gere,
    Hyo-pharyngeus and Chondro-pharyngeus, Syn- ' to meet or touch .' The transmission of a dis
    des'mo-pharyngeus,Hyo- glosso-basi-pharyngien, ease from one person to another, by direct or in.
    occupies the middle part of the pharynx. It is direct contact. The term has , also,been applied ,
    triangular, and attached, anteriorly, to the great by some, to the action of miasmata arising from
    and little cornu of the os hyoides; to the stylo- dead animal or vegetable matter, bogs, fens,
    hyoid ligament; and terminates, posteriorly, by &c. , but in this sense it is now abandoned.
    joining its fellow of the opposite side. 3. The Contagious diseases are produced, either by a
    Constrictor Pharyngis supe'rior, Ceph'alo-pha- virus,capable of causing them by inoculation
    ryngeus, Glosso-pharyngeus, Mylo- pharyngeus, as in small-pox,cow -pox, hydrophobia, syphi.
    Pterygo-pharyngeus, Pterigo-syndesmo-staphili- lis, & c ., or by miasmata, proceeding from a sick
    pharyngien , is quadrilateral,and extends from individual, as in plague , typhus gravior, and in
    the internal ala of the pterygoid process , from measles and scarlatina . Scrofula , phthisis
    the inter-maxillary ligament, from the internal pulmonalis, and cancer have , by some, been
    oblique line of the jaw , and from the base of esteemed contagious, but apparently without
    the tongue to the posterior part of the pharynx. foundation . Physicians are , indeed, by no
    The constrictors of the pharynx contract it means unanimous in deciding what diseases
    They can likewise approximate the ends to each are contagious, and what not. The contagion
    other. Chaussier considers those and the stylo- of the plague and typhus, especially of the lat.
    pharyngeus as but one muscle, and includes all ter, is denied by many. It seems probable,
    under this last pame. that a disease may be contagious under certain
    CONSTRINGENTIA, Astringents , Styp- circumstances, and not under others. A case
    tics. of common fever, arising from common causes,
    CONSUETUDO, Habit - c . Menstrua, Men. as from cold , may, if the patient be kept in a
    ses. into a dis
    close, foul condition, be converted
    CONSULTA’TION , Consulta'tio, Delibera'- ease, capable of producing emanations, which
    tio , Cænolo'gia , Conten 'tio , Symboleu'sis. This will excite a similar disease in those exposed to
    word has several acceptations. In English , it them .
    means , almost always, the meeting of two or Contagion and infection are generally esteem .
    more practitioners, to deliberate on any par- ed synonymous. Frequently , however, the
    ticular case of disease. In France, it signifies former is applied to diseases not produced by
    the written result of such deliberations, as well contact ; as measles, scarlet fever , &c. , whilst
    as the opinion of a physician , given to a pa- l infection is used for those that require positive
    tient, who consults him , eitherpersonally or by contact; as itch , syphilis, &c., and conversely.
    writing: Diseases, which cannot be produced in any
    CONSULTING PHYSICIAN or SUR- other way than by contagion, are said to have
    GEON . One , who consults with the attending their origin in specific contagion ; as small-pox,
    practitioner, regarding ony case of discase. cow.pox, measles , hydrophobia, syphilis, & c.
    CONTAGIOUS 184 CONTRAINDICATIO

    Those , which are produced by contagion , and CONTONDANT, Contunding .


    yet are sometimes owing to other causes, are CONTOR'SION , Contor'sio , from contor '.
    said to arise from common contagion ; as typhus, queo, • I twist about. ' Violent movement of a
    cynanche parotidæa, & c. part, accompanied with a kind of torsion ; as
    CONTAGIOUS, Contagiosus . Capable of contortion of the face.
    being transmitted by mediate or immediate CONTRA- APERTU'RA, from contra ,
    contact ; as a contagious disease , contagious fe- ' against,' and aperio , ' I open .' A counter
    der , contagious effluvia, & c. opening. Contra-incis'io , Incis'io priori opposi
    CONTAGIUM , Miasm . ta, ( F.) Contre-ouverture. An incision, made
    CONTEMPLATIF, ( F.) Contemplati' dus. in the most depending part of a wound or ab .
    Appertaining to contemplation . The predo- scess , when the first opening is not situate in a
    minant idea of the melancholic-of the mo- manner favourable for the discharge of the pus.
    nomaniac - is sometimes called contemplative. CONTRA -EXTENSIO , Counter- extension .
    CONTEMPLATIO , Catalepsy . CONTRAC'TILE, Contractilis, from contra' .
    CONTENSIO , Tension . here, ' to draw together.' Capable of contract
    CONTENTIO , Consultation . ing. The fibre of muscles is contractile.
    CONTEXTURE , Contextu'ra , Conter'tus, CONTRACTIL’ITY , Contractil'itas ; same
    from cum , with ,' and tezere , ' to weave,' tomake etymon. ( F.) Contractilité. That vital pro
    a web .' . Arrangement of parts ; - .texture. Aperty , which gives , to certain parts , the power
    name given, metaphorically, to the structure of contracting . The muscles of locomotion
    of organized bodies ; as the contexture of mus. are endowed with a power of voluntary con
    cles, fibres , &c . See Tissue and Texture. tractility, or one dependent immediately on the
    CONTIGUITY , DIARTHROSIS OF. See action of the brain ; the muscles of the viscera
    Continuity . of digestion , and other internal organs, enjoy
    CONTINENCE, Continentia , from contine'- an involuntary contractility. Contractility and
    re, ' to contain oneself ;' to restrain .' Absti- irritability are frequently used synonymously
    nence from thepleasursures of physical love . to signify the property possessed by any tissue
    CON’TINENT, Continens. This word is sy- of contracting on the application of an appro
    nonymous with Continued . (F.) Continu . priate stimulus.
    CONTINENT Cause , Causa conjunc'ta, is a CONTRAC'TION . Same etymon . Sys'.
    cause , real or presumed , which , having given tole. Action of contracting . When we speak
    rise to a disease, continues to act during the of the contraction of a muscle, we mean the
    whole of its duration. It may be considered phenomena it exhibits during the time it is in
    synonymous with proximate cause . A conti - action .
    nent feder, Febris continens, is one which pre- CONTRACTU'RA. Same etymon . Acamp'
    serves, during its whole course , the same de- sia, Enta'sia articula'ris, Mus'cular Stiff-joint.
    gree of intensity , without any remission or sen. A state of permanent rigidity and progressive
    sible exacerbation . A disease , which continues atrophy of the flexor muscles, which presents
    uninterruptedly , has been , also, called Eipa- the motions of extension beyond a certain
    thei'a or Acipaihei'a , asinagald. limit. The affected muscles form hard cords
    CONTINUED FEVER , Febris contin'ua, beneath the skin . On dissection , they are found
    F. continens, F. anabatica, F. assidua. A fe- converted into tendinous fibres, the fleshy fibres
    ver which presents no interruption in its course . having almost disappeared , when the disease
    Continued fevers form a division in the class has been of any duration . It succeeds , fre
    Pyreriæ of Cullen , and include three genera, - quently, other diseases , particularly rheuma
    Synocha , Symochus, and Typhus. tism , neuralgiæ , convulsions, syphilis, colica
    CONTINU'ITY, Continu'itas. An adhesion pictonum , &c. The warm bath , vapour bath
    of two things between each other, so that they or thermal waters , oleaginous embrocations,
    cannot be separated without fracture or lacera- mechanical extension of the limbs, &c. , are
    tion . the chief means of treatment.
    DIARTHRO'SES OF Continuity, ( F.) Diar- CONTRA- FISSU'RA , from contra , ' against,'
    throses de Continuité, are movable joints, in and findo,' I cleave. Repercus'sio, Reson'itus,
    which the bones are continuous, but do not Catag'ma Fissura contrajacens,Apeche'ma, ( F.)
    touch immediately : there being, between them , Contre-coup, Contre-fenie, Contre-fracture. A
    a ligamentous substance, whose flexibility per- fracture, contusion, or injury, produced by a
    mils motion. The vertebral articulations are blow in a part distant from thatwhich is struck .
    examples of this. DiaRTHROSES of Contigu'- Five species of contra-fissure or contre-coups
    ITY, Diurthroses de Contiguité, on the other may occur in the skull. 1. When the internal
    hand, are movable articulations,in which the table yields and fractures. 2. When the bone
    bones are not continuous, but touch by sur- breaks in any other part than the one struck .
    faces covered with a cartilaginous layer, which 3. When a bone, which has been struck, re
    is always moistened by synovia. mains uninjured , and its neighbour is fractured.
    SOLUTION OF Continuity is any division of 4. When a bone is fractured in a place diame
    parts, previously continuous. Wounds and trically opposite to that struck, as in fractures
    fractures are solutions of continuity . at the base of the cranium , from a fall on the
    The word Continuity is opposed to Contigu- vertes ; and lastly , when the violence of the
    ity ; the latter meaning the condition of iwo blow produces a separation of the neighbour
    things which are near each other, or touch ing or distant sutures . These fractures of the
    without uniting: There is contiguity between skull are also called Fractures par résonnance.
    the liead of the humerus and the glenoid cavity CONTRA - INCISIO , Contra-apertura.
    of the scapula , but not continuity . CONTRA -INDICATIO , Counter- indication .
    CONTRA - IRRITATIO 185 CONVOLVULUS BATATAS

    CONTRA- IRRITATIO , Counter- irritation . CONTUS, Contused.


    CONTRACTILITÉ PAR DEFAUT D'EX. CONTUS, Penis.
    TENSION , Elasticity—c. de Tissu, Elasticity . CONTU'SED . Same etymon . (F.) Con
    CONTRACTILITY , Irritability . tus. Affected with contusion. Thus we say
    CONTRACTIO CORDIS , Systole. a contused wound ,
    CONTRAHENTIA , Astringents, Styptics . CONTUSION , Contu'sio . A Bruise ; Col
    CONTRA-LUNA'RIS,from contra ,“ against,” lis'io, Phlasma, Thlasis, Thlas'ma, Th. Contu'
    and luna , the moon . ' An epithet for a woman sio , (F.) Meurtrissure. Same etymon. An injury
    who conceives during the menstrual discharge . or lesion — arising from the shock of a body
    -Dietrich . with a large surface, which presents no loss of
    CONTRA -STIMULANS, Contro-stimulant. substance, and no apparent wound. If the
    CONTRAYERVA , Dorstenia contrayerva skin be divided , the injury takes the name of
    -c. Balls, Pulvis contrayervæ compositus - c. contused wound. The differences of contusion,
    Mexican , Psoralea pentaphylla - c. Nova, Pso- as to extent, are of course infinite . When
    ralea pentaphylla — c. Lisbon , Dorstenia contra- slight, the blood stagnates in the capillaries of
    yerva - c. Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria. the skin , or is effused into the subcutaneous
    CONTRE - COUP, Contra - fissura. cellular tissue. Time and cold applications
    CONTRE -EXTENSION , Counter -exten- remove it. When the texture of the parts
    sion, has been lacerated, there is effusion of blood,
    CONTREXEVILLE , MINERAL WA with more or less torpor in the part. Cooling
    TERS OF. C. is a town in France, in the applications, general or topical, V.S. , emol
    department of Vosges, four leagues from Neuf- lients, poultices, compression , & c., are here
    château . The waters contain carbonate of necessary, according to circumstances. In the
    iron , muriate and carbonate of lime, a bitumi- severest kinds of contusion, all the soft and
    nous substance, and free carbonic acid. They solid parts, except the skin , are bruised , and ,at
    are frequented by those labouring under cuta- times, reduced to a kind of pap. When the
    neous , scrofulous, and calculous affections. disorganization is to this extent, there is no
    CONTRE - FENTE , Contra - fissura. hope except in amputation. A deep contusion
    CONTRE - FRACTURE , Contra -fissura . of the soft parts has been called Sarcothla'sis,
    CONTRE-INDICATION , Counter - indica. and Sarcothlas'ma.
    tion . CONVALES'CENCE , Convalescen'tia ,
    CONTRE -OUVERTURE , Contra -apertura. from convales'cere, ' to grow well. Exanas'.
    CONTRI'TIO , from con'tero, ' I bruise or trophe. Recovery of health, after disease. The
    make small :' - Syntrimma, Syntripsis, Tritu'ra, time which elapses between the termination
    Tritus, Tritura'tion , Tri'tio, Comminution . of a disease , and complete restoration of
    CONTRO -STIMULANT, Contrastim'ulans, strength .
    from contra, « against,' and stimulus, that CONVALLA'RIA MAIA'LIS, Lilium Con
    which excites. A substance that possesses a vallium , Convalla'ria , Maian'themum , Lily of
    particular, debilitating property , acting upon the Valley, May Lily, ( F.) Muguet, Muguet de
    the excitability in a manner opposite to stimu- Mai. The recent Powers are reputed to be
    Jus. A name given to therapeutical agents, aromatic, cephalic, errhine, cathartic. They
    which , according to the Italian theory of Con- are not used.
    tro-stimulus, are endowed with the property of CONVALLA'RPA POLYGONA'TUM. The sys.
    diminishing excitement by a specific action. tematic name of Solomon's Seal. Sigillum
    Theseagentsare byno means clearly defined. Salamo'nis, Polygona'tum . The root was once
    CONTRO -STIM'ULUS. Same etymon . used as an astringent and tonic . It is, also, a
    The name given by Rasori, about thirty years reputed cosmetic .
    ago, to a new medical doctrine, of which he CONVER'SION , Conver'sio . Change from
    was the originator- La nuova Dottrina Medicu one state into another.
    Italiana. It is founded on the contro - stimu . CONVERSION OF DISEASES , (F. ) Conversion
    lant property , attributed to a certain number of des maladies, is the change or transformation
    medicines. In this doctrine , as in that of of one disease into another.
    Brown , under the name ercitability, a funda- CONVOLUTION , Convolu'tio, from condol
    mental principle of physiology isadmitted, by vere, ' to entwine.' Episphærion, Gyrus, (F.)
    virtue of which living beings are endowedl Circonvolution.
    with an aptitude for feeling the action of ex- The Intestinal CONVOLUTiOns are the turns
    ternal agents or exciting influences, and of re- made by the intestines in the abdomen.
    acting on these same influences. When this The CEREBRAL CONVOLUTIONs are the round ,
    excitability is too great, there is excess of sti- undulating, tortuous projections, observed
    mulus or Hyperstheni'a : when too little , there the surface of the brain. In them , Gall's or
    is deficiency or Hypostheni'a. Diseases, gene- gans, of course , terminate .
    ral and local, are divided into three great CONVOL'VULUS BATA'TAS , from con
    classes, or into, 1. Hypersthenic ; 2. Hyposthc- nol'dere, ' to roll together.' C. In'dicus. The
    nic ; 3. Irritative. The contro-stimulant phy- Sweet Potato, Spanish Potato. This is the only
    sicians admit only two elasses of medicines— esculent root of the genus Convolvulus. It is
    stimulants and contro - stimulants . much eaten in the United States.
    CONTUNDING, Contu'sing, (F.) Conton- CONVOLVULUS CANTAB'RICA, Cantabrica , La
    dant, Contundens, from contun'dere, to bruise .' vender-leaved Bindweed. It has been considered
    That which causes contusions. An epithet given anthelmintic and actively cathartic.
    to round, blunt, vulnerating projectiles, which CONVOLVULUS , lleus, -c. lndicus, c. Ba.
    bruise or lacerate parts without cutting them . Itatas.
    24
    CONVULSIBILITAS 186 COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS

    Convolvulus JALAPA , A systematic name of concel'lere, ' to pull together.' Conduc'tio, Hie
    the Jalap plant,properly the Ipomæa Jalapa . Ja- ran'osos, Disten'tio nervo'rum , Clonic Spasm ,
    la ' pium , Mechoaca'na nigra , Jalappa, Jalapa, Contul sio clon'ica, Eclamp/ sia . This word has
    Jalap Root, Gialappa, Xaluppa, Bryonia Me- several acceptations. It means any violent per
    chouchan'na nigricans, Bryo'nia Peruria'na ,, Che. version of the animal movements. The word
    la'pa , Rhabar'barum Nigrum , Gelappium , (F. ) Conrul'sions generally, however, signifies alter
    Jalap, is procured from South America . Its nate contractions, violent and involuntary, of
    odour is nauseous ; taste sweetish and slightly muscles, which habitually contract only under
    pungent. It is solid , hard, heavy, brittle ; frac- the influence of the will . This alternate con
    iure resinous ; internally, light gray ; exter. traction, when slight, is called Tremor , when
    nally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled strong and permanent, tetanus, trismus, &c.
    bark . Its operation is cathartic —the resinous Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardonicus, St. Vitus's
    part griping violently . Dose, 10gr. to 3ss. A Dance are conculsions.
    drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it Convulsio CEREA'lis ,Convulsio ab Ustilag" int,
    from griping. An active principle has been Cereal Convulsion, ( F.)Convulsion céréale, Ergo
    separated from Jalap, to which the names Jala- tisme convulsif , Convulsion de Sologne. A singu.
    pine and Cathartine have been given . lar disorder , of the convulsive kind, attended
    Convolvulus Major Albus , Convolvulus with a peculiar tingling and formication in the
    sepium - c. Maritimus , Convolvulus soldanella. arms and legs . It is said to be endemic in some
    Convolvulus MECHOACHAN, Mechoaca'na parts of Germany, and to arise often from the
    Radix, Jalappa alba, Rhabarbarum album , Me- use of spoiled corn.
    choacan, (F.) Rhabarbe blanche. A Mexican CONVULSION DE SOLOGNE, Convulsio
    convolvulus, the root of which possesses ape. cerealis .
    rient properties, and was once extensively used CONVULSIONNAIRE (F.) A name given ,
    instead of jalap . during the last century , to individuals, who had ,
    Convolvulus PANDURA'TUS, Wild Potato, or affected to have , convulsions, produced by
    Mech'ameek , Wild Rhubarb , Wild Potato- Vine , religious ideas .
    Kassauder , Kassader. In Virginia , and some CONVUL'SIVE , Convulsi'rus, Spasmo'des,
    other parts of the United States, the root of this Agitato'rius, (F.) Convulsif. That which is ac.
    plant has been much recommended in cases of companied by , or is analogous to, convulsions,
    gravel. It is used either in powder or decoction . as convulsive cough, convulsive disease.
    CONVOLVULUS PERENNIS, Humulus lupulus. CONYZA ,Inula dysenterica - c .Coma aurea ,
    Convolvulus PESCA'prix , Bargada. A plant Solidago Virgaurea - c. Media , Inula dysen
    used in India in cataplasm, in arthritic cases. terica .
    ConvoLVULUS SCAMMO'NIA . The systematic CONY'ZA SQUARROSA, Brephoc'tonon , Great
    name of theGummi-Resi'na,
    Scammoniæ Scam'mony Plant. Scammo'nia,
    Convolvulus Fleabane or Spikenard,
    Syria- A European (F.) Herbe aur Mouches.
    plant, whose strong and disagreea
    cus, Scammonium Syriacum, Diagryd'ium , Da- ble odour was formerly considered to be de
    crydion , Scammony, Mahmoudy, (F.) Scam monée structive to flies, fleas, &c. Its infusion in wine
    d'Alep .' A Syrian and Mexican plant; the con- was once used as an emmenagogue and anti
    crete gummi-resinous juice of which comes to icteric : in vinegaras an anti-epileptic.
    ns in blackish - gray fragments , becoming whi. COOKERY , Culinary art.
    tish.yellow when touched with wet fingers. It COOPERTORIUM , Thyroid cartilage .
    is a drastic, hydrogogue cathartic. Dose, gr. COPAHU , Copaiba.
    iij to gr. xv, triturated with sugar. COOS'TRUM . The middle part of the dia
    CONVOLVULUS, Sea ,-c. Soldanella. phragm . - Ruland.
    CONVOLVULUS SEPIUM , Convolvulus major COPAIBA . The resinous juice of the Coparif'
    albus. Great Bindweed , ( F.) Liseron des Haies, era officina'ls. Family , Leguminose . Sca . Sysl.
    Grand Liseron. The juice of this plant is violent. DecandriaMonogynia. It is the Copaifere of
    ly purgative , and is givenindropsical affections. ficina'lis Resina, Bal'samum Copaiba, B. Bra
    ConvolvuLUS SOLDANEL'LA . The sy tematic zilien'se, B. de Copaiba , B.Capi'vi. The Balsam
    name of the Sea Convolvulus. Brassica Mari'- of Copaibu orCopaiva. ( F.) Copahu , Baume de
    na , Calystegia Soldanella, Sea Bindweed, Con- Copahu, B. du Brésil, Térébinthe de Copahu.
    volvulus Maritimus,Soldanella, ( F.) Chou Marin. Its odour is peculiar, but not unpleasant. Taste
    The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic pungent, bitter; consistence, syrupy ; colour
    cathartic ; but they are not much , if at all,used . yellowish , and transparent. It is soluble in
    CONVOLVULUS SYRIACUS , Convolvulus scam- alcohol , ether, and the expressed oils. S. g .
    monia.
    0.950 . Its properties are stimulant and diuretic ;
    ConvolvULUS TURPE'THUM, Turpethum . The in large doses it is purgative. It acts on the
    systematic name ofthe Turbith plant, ( F. ) Racine lining membrane of the urethra, and on mucous
    de Turbith . The cortical part of the root of this membranes, in general . It is given in gonor
    species of convolvulus is brought from the East rhwa, gleet, leucorrhæa, &c .: in the dose of glt
    Indies . It is a cathartic , but not used.
    CONVULSIBILITAS . See Subsultus ten- xtomsof to zj, twice or thrice a day . Should symp
    urticaria or diarrhæa arise , the dose is
    dinum .
    too large , and must be diminished . It can be
    CONVULSIF , Convulsive . inspissated by means ofmagnesia so as to be
    CONVULSIÓ HABITUALIS , Chorea - c . made into pills, and recently a plan has been
    Indica, Tetanus - c. Raphania , Raphania-c . devised for enveloping it in gelatine, so that its
    Soloniensis, Ergotism - c . Tonica , Tonic spasm . taste is entirely concealed. See Capsules ,
    c . Uteri , Abortion . gelatinous.
    CONVUL'SION , Spasmus, Convulsio , from COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS . See Copaiba .
    COPAL OR COPALE 187 CORAL

    COPAL' OR COPALE , Resina Copal. The COPTON , Copte.


    resin , which flows, spontaneously, from the COPULA , Ligament - c. Carnalis, Coition.
    Elaocarpus Copalifera, a Guinea plant. It is COPULATION , Coition .
    a stimulant, like all the resins ; and , dissolved COQ , Phasianus Gallus.
    in rectified spirit of wine , has been used in cases COQUE DU LEVANT, see Menispermum
    of spongy gums and looseness of theteeth ; but cocculus—c. d'Euf, see óvum-c. Levant, see
    it is now only employed in varnishes. Menispermum cocculus.
    COPE , Cüt. COQUELICOT, Papaver rhæas .
    COPHONIA , Acouophonia . COQUELOURDE, Anemone pulsatilla .
    COPHO'SIS, Sur'ditas, Epicopho'sis, Par- COQUELUCHE , Influenza, Pertussis .
    acu'sis, Dysæsthesia audito'ria, from xogos , COQUERET, Physalis.
    deaf.' (F.) Surdité. Diminution or loss of COQUETTE , Influenza .
    hearing. Cullen uses the word synonymously COQUILLE, Cochlea - c. d'Euf. See Orum.
    with Dysecæa, and Pinel with Paracou'sia or COQUEN'TÍA MEDICAMENTA , from cd.
    Parac'oć. According to Sauvages, Cophosis quere, to digest.' Medicines, which were
    differs from both : from Dysecæa , because , in it formerly believed to be proper for favouring
    the sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth: the coction or digestion of food .
    and from Paracousia , which consists in a con . COR, A corn. Also, Heart, (q . v.).
    fused state of hearing . COR’ACO -BRACHIAL , Cor'aco -brachia'lis.
    Cophosis seems, usually, to be synonymous | Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm .
    with deafness, ( q . v .) , Paracu'sis Sur'ditas. The Coraco - BRACHIALIS ( Muscle,) Coraco
    COPOS, * 0105, Lassitu'do, Fatiga'tio, Las huméral (Ch.) Perfora'tus Casse'rii, Per
    situde, Fatigue. A state of the body, in which foratus, Coraco -brachia'us, is situate at the in
    the greater part of the animal functions are ner and upper part of the arm . It arises from
    exerted
    common .
    with less promptitude and vigour than the coracoid process of the scapula , and is in
    serted at the middle part of the inner side of
    The ancients admitted three species : 1. That the humerus. It carries the arm forwards and
    arising from plethora, Lassitu'do tensi'ra, Tond'- inwards, raising the humerus a little . It can ,
    des, torudns , 2. From plethora and increased also , by acting inversely , depress the shoul
    heat combined, Lassitu'do phlegmono'sa, æstuo'. der.
    sa , pieyuorodrs, Phlegmono'des, and , 3. Owing CORACO CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraco -clavi
    lo a morbid condition of the humours, Lassitu'do cularis . Belonging to the coracoid process and
    ulcerosa , ' eixwors, Helco'des . clavicle .
    COPPER , Cuprum -c . Ammoniated, Cu- The Coraco-CLAVICULAR LIGAMENT , called ,
    prum ammóniatum - c. Subacetate of, Cupri also, Omo-clavicular, serves to unite the clavicle
    subacetas-c . Sulphate of, Cupri sulphas - c. to the coracoid process. It is very irregular,
    Ammoniacal sulphate of,Cuprum ammoniatum . and formed of two fasciculi, which the greater
    COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas-c . White , Zinci part of anatomists have described as particular
    sulphas. ligaments, under the names Conoid and Tra
    COPRACRATIA , Scoracrasia. pezoid .
    COPRAGOʻGUM , from xongos , ' fæces,' and CORACO -HUMERALIS , Coraco -brachialis
    ayo, “ I bring away . ' Stercus e primis viis edu- -c . Hyoideus , Omohyoideus-c . Radialis, Bi
    cens . A cathartic. The name of a laxative ceps flexor cubiti.
    electuary , mentioned by Ruland . COR'ACOID, Coracoideus, Coracoïdes, c.
    COPREM'ETOS, Coproëm'etos, from κόπρος , Processus, Cornicula'ris Processus, Crow's-beak
    excrement,' and turn , I vomit. ' One who like Process, Proces'sus anchora'lis,rostriformis,
    vomits fæces. - Hippocr. ancyroides, from xopa ;, ' a crow ,' and a.dos, ' re
    COPROCRITICUS, Coprocriticus, from semblance. ' (F.) Coracoide. Resembling the
    * 01005, ' excrement, and zoiva , ' I separate. ' beak of a crow. A name given by Galen, (and
    A mild cathartic , (q . v .)-an eccoprotic . still retained ,) to the short , thick process , situate
    COPROEMETOS , Copremetos . at the anterior part of the upper margin of the
    COPROPHORIA , Catharsis. scapula ; and wbich has some resemblance to
    COPRORRHEA, Diarrhæa. the beak of a crow. This process gives attach
    COPROS , Excrement. ment to the Coraco -clavicular and Coraco -acro'.
    COPROSCLERO'SIS, from * OTROS, excre- mial ligaments, and to the Coraco-brachia'lis,
    ment,' and oxingow, ' I harden . ' Induration of Pectora'lis minor, and Biceps muscles.
    fæcal matters . The CoracoiD LIGAMENT, Ligamen'tum cora
    COPROSTASIS , Constipation . coideum , ( F. ) L. Coracoïdien. This name is
    COPTE OR COPTON, from xoxTm , ' I beat given to the all fibrous fasciculus, which con
    or pound .' A sort of cake , composed of vege. verts the notch, at the superior margin of the
    table substances, which the ancients adminis- scapula , into a foramen .
    tered internally, and applied to the epigastric CORAIL , Coral-- c. des Jardins, Capsicum
    region in tbe form of cataplasm . annuum .
    COPTIS, Gold Thread, Coptis Trifolia, CORAL, Corallium , Corallus , Arbor Ma
    Nigella . The root of this is much used in Mas- ris , Azur, Bolesis , from 2.09 w , I adorn ,' and
    sachusetts, in aphthous and other ulcerationsof cis, the sea . ' (F. ) Corail. One of the most
    the mouth , as a localapplication . It is a pure bit- beautiful productions of the deep . It is fixed
    ter,and can be used,wherever such is indicated . to submarine rocks, in the form of a shrub ;
    Coptis TEETA, Mishme Teeta, ( Upper Assam ) and is of a bright red colour . It is the habita
    Honglane (Chinese .) The root of this plant is tion of a multitude of animals , of the Zoophyta
    considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic. order , and is formed of a calcareous substance,
    CORALLINA 188 CORIUM

    secreted by these animals themselves . It is in the heart. ' Tonic or excitantmedicines , which
    very hard, concentrie layers ; covered, exter- were judged proper for exciting the heart.
    nally, by a species of porous bark, full of cel. CORDIAL, NERVOUS, Brodum's, see Tinctura
    lules, cach of which contains one of these ani- gentianæ composita - c. Sir Walter Raleigh's,
    mals . Linnæus ealls the red coral , Isis nobilis, Confectio aromatica - c. Warner's,see Tinctura
    and M. de Viamarck , Corallium rubrum. It is rhei composita .
    much fished for, on the coasts of Barbary and CORDINE'MA, from xaga , ' the head ,' and
    Sicily . Coral was formerly esteemed tonic, dveo , ' I move about.' Headache, accompanied
    absorbent , astringent, & c ., but analysis has with vertigo. See Carebaria . 0
    shown , that it contains only carbonate of lime CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM , Axilla.
    and a little gelatine.- Dioscorides, Pliny , Ori- CORDOLIUM , Cardialgia. LOD
    basius, the Geoponica, &c. The Corallium al- CORDON, (F ). Funiculus, diminutive of
    bum is a hard, white, calcareous, brittle sub- funis, 'a cord. A term applied to many parts,
    stance, the nidus of the Madrep'ora oculata . It which resemble a small cord .
    has been exhibited as an absorbent, CORDON NERVEUX ; Ramus nertosus. A
    CORALLI'NA. Diminutive of Corallium ; principal division of a nerve or the nervous
    Muscus maritimus, Corallina officinalis, Brion , trunk itself.
    Corallina alba , Sea Coralline, White Worm- CORDON OMBILICALE , Funiculus um.
    weed. The production of an animal, which bilicalis — c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord — c.
    belongs to the genus Polypi, and which is testiculaire , Spermatic chord. -12
    found in all the seas of Europe ;-particularly CORDONS SUS- PUBIENS, Round liga
    in the Mediterranean. It has the appearance ments of the uterus — c. Vasculaires, Round Cats
    of a plant, is homogeneous, an inch or two in ligaments of the uterus. be
    height, of a white , reddish , or greenish colour, CORE , Pupil. See Furunculus.
    salt taste , and marine smell . It contains gela- CORECTOMIA , Coretomia .
    tine , albumen , muriate of soda , phosphate , car- COREDIALYSIS , Coretomia .
    bonate and sulphate of lime, carbonate of mag- CORE'MATA , from 20080 , I cleanse .'
    nesia, silica, oxide of iron, and a colouring Remedies, proper for cleansing the skin . - Pau
    principle . It was once much used as a verini- lus of Ægina.
    fuge: but is not now employed. Dose , gss to COREON'CION, Coron 'cion ,from xoon, the
    3j in powder. pupil,' and oyxiror', ' a hook .' An instrument,
    CORALLIN CORSICA'NA , Helmintho-corton , used for the formation of artificial pupil by Foot!
    Elmintho- corton , Muscus helmintho -cortos, Me- Langenbeck . It is hooked at its extremity. A
    litho -corton , Muscus coralli'nus, M. Mari'nus, double hooked forceps, used by Graefe, is simi
    Confer'da Helmintho-cortos, Coralli'na rubra, larly named. nals
    Coralli'na melito-corton, Lemitho -corton , Fucus CORETODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
    Helmintho - corton , Corsican Wormweed . ( F. ) CORETOʻMIA, from xoon, the pupil,' and
    Coralline de Corse, Mousse de Corse. It is a TeuveLv, ' to cut.' Coroto'mia , Corctoto'mia , Iri
    mixture of several marine plants and zoophytes, dolo'mia , Corecto'mia , Coretonecto'mia , Iridecto'
    of the fucus, ceramium , ulva, coralline, con- mia , Coredialysis,Corodialysis, Coretodialysis,
    ferræ, & c., and has gained great reputation, for Iridodialysis. Various operations for the fore
    destroying all kinds of intestinal worms, when mation of artificial pupil are so termed . The
    given in the form of strong decoction. The Ge- last three signify the separation or tearing asun 27. :
    neva Pharmacopæia directs an officinal syrup der of the iris from the ciliary ligament ; the
    -the Sirop de Coralline. three preceding the incision of the iris , with
    CORALLINE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsi- loss of substance ; and the remainder signify a
    cana . simple incision of the iris , without loss of sub
    CORALLOIDES FUNGUS ,Clavaria Coral- stance.
    loides . CORETONECTOMIA , Coretomia. COR
    CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides . CORETOTOMIA , Coretomia .
    CORD, Funis, Funiculus, Chænos, Cha '. CORIANDER , Coriandrum sativum . PAT
    nion, Zouros , yourlov ; from the Latin Chorda CORIANDRUM SATIVUM , Corian'dır ,
    「 能(
    which is itself" derived from you8r, ' intestine ;' Corian'non ,(F .) Coriandre. Family,Umbellifera .
    and , afterwards, was applied to musical cords Sex . Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The systematic
    or strings, which are made of the intestines of name of the Corian'drum of the pharmacopeias. COR
    animals . See Chorda . Coria'non. The seeds of the coriander have an Clarid
    Cord, UMBILICAL, Funiculus umbilicalis . aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent taste .
    CORDS, VOCAL ., Cords of Ferrein , Chorda They are carininative; but are chietly used to Tror
    Toca'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name, given to the cover the taste of other medicines.
    ligaments of the glottis , which Ferrein com- CORIANNON , Coriandrum sativum.
    pared to stretched cords, and to which he at. CORIGEEN , Fucus crispus .
    iributed the production of voice . See Thyreo- CORION , Corium , Hypericum perforatum . TEL
    AR
    arytenoid Ligament, CORIS, Cimex-c . Monspeliensis, Symphy
    CORDA, Chordaớc. Hippocratis, Achillis tum Petræum .
    tendo - c . Magna , Achillis tendo . CORIUM , Corion (F.) Cuir. The skin of
    CORDE DU TAMBOUR, Chorda Tympani several animals is so called, especially when WE
    RE
    c . du Tympan , Chorda Tympani. tanned. The cutis rera (q. v .) , or the thickest
    CORDÉE, Chordee. part of the human skin .
    CORDIA MYXA , Sebestina - c . Smooth- Corium PrilogISTICUM , Crusta pleuret'ica ,
    leaved, Sebestina. Cost
    C. inflummato’ria, phlogistica, Inflammatory
    CORDIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardiacus, from cor . Crusi or Buff. ( C.
    F .) '('onenne, C. Pleurétique, COM
    CORK 189 CORNU

    C. infiammatoire. The grayish crust or buff, ilis, inflammation .' Inflammation of the cor
    varying in thickness, observed on blood drawn nea.
    from a vein during the existence of violent in . CORNELIAN , Carnelian, Chalcedo'nius,
    flammation, and during pregnancy. It is par- Carneolus, Lapis Carneolus, Cornelus, Corneo
    ticularly manifest in pleurisy , and hence one lus, Lapis Surdius. ( F.) Cornaline. A pre
    of its names. The reason of it is by no means cious, semi-transparentstone,found in Sardinia.
    easy of appreciation. When the blood presents The ancients ascribed to it a number of absurd
    this appearance , it is said to be buffy. properties .
    CORK , Suber, CORNELUS , Cornelian .
    CORMIER, Sorbus domestica . CORNEOLUS, Cornelian .
    CORN , ( G ) Korn. In England , this word COR'NEOUS, Corneus, ( F.) Corné. Having
    means the Cerealia , or those seeds, which the nature or appearance of horn.
    grow in ears, not in pods. In the United The Corneous Tissue is that, which forms
    States, Corn always means Indian Corn. Its the nails . The corneousmembrane is the cornca .
    English sense corresponds to the French Blé, CORNES DE LIMACON, (F .) Snail's Horns.
    or Bled. A name given , by Anel , to the lachrymal
    Corn , Zea mays- c . Guinea, Panicum Itali . puncta and ducis .
    cum - c. Indian, Zea mays-c . Wild, Matri. CORNES DE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri
    caria chamomilla - c . Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris -c. de la Peau, Horny excrescences.
    -c. Flower, Centaurea cyanus — c. Salad, Va- CORNESTA , Retort.
    leriana dentata . CORNET ACOUSTIQUE , Ear -trumpet - c.
    Corn, Clarus, Clarus Pedis, Ecphyma, Clavus, Moyen , Turbinated bone, middle- c. de Mor
    Gemur'sa, ( F. ) Cor, Ognon . A small, hard , cor- gagni, Turbinated bone, superior.
    neous tumour,which forms upon the foot, gene- CORNETS DE BERTIN , Sphenoidal cor
    rally on the toes ; and which is commonly pro- nua -- c. Sphénoidaux, Sphenoidalcornua.
    duced on the most projecting parts, by the CORNICHON . See Cucumis sativus .
    pressure of too tight shoes. A part of the corn CORNICULA . A species of cupping in .
    is raised above the skin , and forms a round strument, shaped like a trumpet, having a hole
    tumour, like the head of a nail: the other por- at the top for sucking the air out, to diminish
    tion, which serves as its base , is buried more the pressure in its interior. - Scultetus, Hil
    or less deeply in the integuments, and occa . danus.
    sionally extends as far as the tendons and pe- CORNICULA LARYN'gis, Capitula Santorini,
    riosteum. Corns may, sometimes, be removed, Supra-arytenoid Car'tilages, Capit'ula Cartilag"
    by immersing the feet in warm water, but com- inis arylenoidæa . A small, very movable, car
    monly they return. They can , likewise, be tilaginous tubercle, found on the arytenoid car
    destroyed by the knife or caustics ; but these tilapor VICULA'RIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid
    operations are not as simple as they seem . In
    the way of palliation ,-they must be constantly process.
    pared ; and any soft plaster, spread upon linen CORNIER, Cornus Florida .
    or leather, may be applied with a hole in the CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida -- c. à feu
    centre , to receive the corn ; and layer after illes arrondies, Cornus circinata - c. à grandes
    layer of plaster be added , until they attain the fleurs, Cornus Florida-c. Soyeux, Cornus se
    level of the corn , --for the purpose of prevent- ricea.
    ing pressure . When very irritable, the lunar CORNU, Ceras, zapaç, Corn . (F. ) Corne.
    caustic, merely rubbed over the surface, will A conical, hard, epidermeous projection, which
    generally diminish irritability in a surprising grows on the heads of certain animals,serving.
    inanner, and in one not easy of explanation . them as a weapon of offence and defence
    CORNALINE, Cornelian. Anatomists have given this name to parts of
    CORNE, Cornu - c. d'Ammon , Cornu am- the human body, which have nearly the same
    monis -- c. de Bélier ,Cornu ammonis--c.de Cerf, shape as the horns of animals.
    Cervus, Cornu cervi , Cochlearia coronopus- Cornu. A horny crcrescence. A
    Corneous
    c . de Chamois, Cornu rupicapræ - c. de la Peau , Wart, which occasionally forms on the skin ,
    Cornu . and requires the use of the knife. ( F ) Corne
    CORNÉ , Corneous. de la Peau . Also, Cornu Cervi, ( q . v.) See Cer
    CORNEA, Cornea transpa'rens, C.pellu'cida, vus. Also, a Retort. ( q. v . )
    C. lucida , Ceras, Sclerot'ica ceratoï'des, Ceratoï'- Cornu ACUSTICUM , Ear-trumpet.
    des, Membra'na cornea. The transparent cornca. Cornu ANTERIUS VENTRIC'ULI LATERA'LIS ;
    (F.) Cornée. One of the coats of the eye, so called Anterior Cornu of the Lateral Ven'tricle. The
    because it has some resemblance to horn. It is portion of the lateral ventricle of the brain ,
    termed transparent, to distinguish it from the which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, and
    opaque- Cornea opa'ca or Sclerotic. It is con- forms the commencement of that cavity .
    vex, anteriorly ; concave, posteriorly ; forming Cornu Ammon'is, Cornu Arietis, Hippo
    nearly one-fifth of the anterior part of the eye, Cam'pus major, Protuberan'tia cylin'drica, Ver
    and representing a segment of a sphere about mis Bombyc'inus, Proces'sus cerebri latera'lis.
    seven lines and a half, or in . 0.625 in diameter. (F.) Corne d'Ammon , Corne de Bélier, Grande
    It seems to be constituted of laminæ in super- Hippocampe, Pied de cheral marin, Protubérance
    position , but of the precise number anatomists cylindroïde ( Ch .), Bourrelet roulé . A broad, con
    are not agreed . siderable eminence, curved on itself, and situ
    Cornea,OPAKE,Caligo - c. Opaca, Sclerotic. ate at the posterior part of the lateral ventricle.
    CORNEE , Cornea . Its surface presents two or three tubercles sepa
    CORNEITIS, Cerati'tis, from Cornea, and rated from each other by shallow grooves.
    CORNUA 190 CORONARY

    The Accesso'rius Pedis Hippocam 'pi, (F. ) Acol ( New England,) (F.) Cornouillcr, Cornier, C. d
    cessoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence, grandes fleurs. The bark of this beautiful tree,
    usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu which grows every where in the United States,
    of the lateral ventricle of the brain . It is has been long employed as a substitute for the
    merely a fold of the hemisphere , and was by cinchona. Dose, from 3ss to zj. Its active
    Malacarne called Cuissart ou Armure des principle has been separated from it, and re
    Jambes. ceived the name of Cornine.
    CORNU CERVI , Cornu , Hartshorn , Cornu CORNUS MAS ODORATA , Laurus sassafras - c .
    Cervi'num , Cerci Elaphi Cornu. (F.) Corne de Sanguinea, Sebestina.
    cerf. The horns of various species of the stag. CORNUS SERICEA, Swamp Dogwood , Red
    They contain about27 per cent. of gelatine. The Willow , Rose Willow , ( F.) Cornouiller soyeur.
    shavings, Raspatu'ra seu Rasu'ra Cornu Cervi, The bark , it is said , has been found little infe
    C. C.raspa'tum , boiled in water, have, conse- rior to the Cincho'na Pallida in intermittents .
    quently , been used as emollient and nutritive . -Barton .
    When burnt, they constitute the Cornu cerdi Cornus Circina'ta , Round - leared Dogrood,
    calcina'tum or Cornu ustum , Phosphas Cal- (F.) Cornouiller à feuilles arrondies. The bark
    cis, Calca'ria phosphorica , ( F.) Corne de cerf of this variety has been used for similar pur
    calcinée, which consists of 57.5 per cent. of poses.
    phosphate of lime. It has been used as an an- CORNUTA , Retort ,
    iacid, but is wholly inert, as its composition CORODIALYSIS , Coretomia.
    would indicate . It contains only 1 per cent.of CORONA, Crown- c . Dentis , Crown of a
    carbonate of lime. tooth - c. Glandis , Crown of the glans - c. Pos
    Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a terior ulnæ, Olecranon - c. Regia, Trifolium
    kezoardic power .-J. Vesti . melilotus - c. Ulne, Olecranon - c. Veneris,
    CORNU CERVINUM , Cervus, Plantago coron- Crown of Venus.
    opus - c. Ethmoidal , Turbinated bone , middle.
    CORONÆ CILIARIS MEMBRANULA ,
    Cornu DESCEN'DENS VENTRIC'uli LATERA'- Ciliaris ( zonula ) -c. Palpebrarum . See Tarsus.
    lis , Dig''ital Cavity , Descending or inferior CORONAL , Corona'lis, Corona'rius. Re
    cornu of the lateral ventricle. The termination lating to the crown ; from corona, ' a crown.'
    of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe of A name formerly given to the frontal bone ,
    the brain , behind the Fissure of Sylvius , because on it partly reposes the crown of
    Cornu , MIDDLE , Turbinated bone , middle . kings , &c.
    CORNU RUPICA'PRÆ , ( F. ) Corne de Chamois. The CoronaL SUTURE , Sutu'ra corona'lis, S.
    The horn of the Chamois. It has the same Fronto-parieta'lis, Puppis Sutura , S. Arcua'lis.
    properties as the Cornu Ceroi. The suture of the head , which extends from
    CORNUA, Turbinated bones. one temporal bone to the other, over the crown
    CORNUA Cartilag''INIS THYROIDEÆ . Emi- of the head , and unites the parietal bones with
    nences on the thyroid cartilage , distinguished the frontal. The SUTURE CORONALE, of the
    into great or superior ;-which are articulated French anatomists, is the suture which unites
    with the great cornu of the os hyoides ;-- and the two halves of the os frontis at the early
    into small or inferior, united with the cricoid period of life. It is a prolongation of the sa
    cartilage . gittal.
    CORNUA CoccyGEA , Cornua of the Coccyx. CORONALE , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    Two small , tubercular eminences at the base of These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy.
    the coccyx, which are articulated with those of They received their name from an erroneous
    the sacrum . notion , that they are particularly adapted for
    CORNUA CUTANEA, Horny excrescences . curing diseases of the os frontis . Their tem
    Cornua Hyoidei Ossis, Cornua of the Hyoid perature is 950 Fahrenheit. They contain free
    Bone. Four fragments of the os hyoides, situ- carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia,
    so
    ate above the body of the bone, and distin- muriates of soda and magnesia , &c. , and me
    guished into the small or superior, and the great iron .
    or lateral. CORONARIUS, Coronal .
    CORNUA LACHRYMALIA, Lachrymal duets- COR'ONARY , 'Corona'rius, ( F.) Coronaire,
    c . Limacum , Lachrymal ducts. from coro'na , ' a crown . ' Resembling a crown .
    Cornua U'TERI, Cornua of thc Uterus, Ceraa , The ARTE'RIA . Corona'ria Ventriculi ,
    zsgaiai , Plec'tane, (F.) Cornes de la Matrice. A.Gastrica superior, (F.) Artère coronaire sto
    The angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian machique, A. Stomogastrique (Ch .) , is one of
    tubes arise. Sometimes applied to the Fallopian the branches of the cæliac, which passes to
    tubes themselves. wards the superior orifice of the stomach, ex
    Cornua Poste'RIUSVENTRIC'ULI LATER’ALIS, tends along its lesser curvature , and ends by
    Posterior Cornu of the Lateral Ven'tricle. The anastomosing with the pyloric branch of the
    triangular prolongation of the lateral ventricle hepatic . This artery furnishes branches to the
    of the brain into the substance of the occipital inferior part of the esophagus, the cardiac
    lobe . orifice , the great cul-de- sac, the middle part of
    CORNUA SACRA'LIA , Cornua of the Sacrum . the stomach , the lesser omentum , and anasto
    Two tubercles , situate at the posterior and in- moses with the other arteries of those organs .
    ferior surface of the sacrum , which are some- The Vena CORONARIA VENTRIC'uli accom
    times united . panies the artery and terminates in the vena
    CORNUE , Retort. porta. Sömmering, and some other anatomists ,
    CORNUMUSA , Retort. call all the four arteries of the stomach Coron .
    CORNUS FLOR'IDA, Dogwood , Borwood , aria stomachica .
    CORONCION 191 CORPUS

    The Coronary LIGAMENT of the liver is a from each side of the upper extremity of the
    reflection of the peritoneum , which surrounds medulla oblongata, and contribute to the for
    the posterior margin of the liver. The same mation of the cerebellum .
    term is likewise applied to ligaments, which Corpora Stria'ta, Grand ganglion supé
    unite the radius and ulna. rieur du cerveau ( Gall ,) Couches des nerfs eth
    CORONCION , Coreoncion. moždaui, Corps cannelés,Eminen'tia Lenticula'
    CORO'NĒ, from yogurn ,' a crow.' The coro- res, (Ch.,) Collic'uli Nervi Ethmoida'lis, Ap'ices
    noid process of the lower jaw . Crurum medulla oblongatæ, (F.) Corps striés.
    CORʼONOID , 'Coronor'des, from zoporn , " a Pyriform eminences, of a slightly brownish
    crow ,' and ridos, shape, ' resemblance .' 'Re- gray colour
    , which form part of the floor of the
    sembling the beak of a crow . This name has lateral ventricles of the brain . When cut, a
    been given to two processes . One , situate at mixture of gray and white substance is seen ,
    the anterior and superior part of the ramus of arranged alternately, to which they owe their
    the os maxillare inferius, and affording attach- name . All the white bands are continuous
    ment to the temporal muscle : the other, called, with the primary fasciculi of the corpora oli
    also, sharp process, situate at the superior part varia. Willis considered the soul resided here.
    of the ulna, anterior to the great siginoid fossa, CORPORA STRIATA SUPERNA POSTERIORA,
    and forming a part of the hinge of the elbow- Thalami nervorum opticorum .
    joint. CORPS, Body--c. Bordés, Corpora fimbriata
    CORONOPODIUM , Plantago coronopus. -C . Calleux, Corpus callosum - c. Cannelés,
    CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus—c. Corpora striata - c. Caverneux, Corpora caver
    Ruellii , Cochlearia coronopus. nosa-c. Cendré, Corpus dentatum -- c. Dentelé ,
    COROTOMIA , Coretomia . Corpus dentatum - c. Étranger, Extraneous
    CORPORA ALBICANTIA , Mamillary tu- body - c. Festonné, Corpus dentatum .
    bercles - c . Arantii , Noduli Arantii , TuberculaCorps FIBREUX , Corpora fibro'su . Bayle has
    A.-c. Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora - c. given this name to adventitious, fibrous pro
    Candicantia, Albicantia corpora, Mamillary tu- ductions, of a round form ,-- more or less adhe
    bercles - c. Fibrosa , Corpsfibreur. rent, and sometimes having a pedicle, which
    Cor'pora FIMBRIA'TA , Tænia Hippocam'pi. form in certain parts of the body , particularly
    Fimbriated orfringed bodies. (F. ) Corps fran- in thesubstance of the uterus ,
    gés , C. Bordès, Bandelettes des Cornes d'Am . Corps Franges, Corpora fimbriata - c.Geni
    mon, Bandelette de l'Hippocampe. The thin, culés, Corpora geniculata - c. Hyaloide, Corpus
    flattened, and very delicate band, situate along vitreum - c. d'Hygmore ou d'Highmore, Corpus
    the concave edge of the cornu ammonis, and Highmori — c. Jaune, Corpus luteum - c. Mu
    which is a continuation of the posterior crura queur, Corpus mucosum - c. Organisés, Orga
    of the fornix . nized bodies — c. Pampiniforme, Corpus pam
    CORPORA GENICULA'TA, (F.) Corps geniculés. piniforme- c. Pyramidaur, Corpora pyramida- ·
    Two tubercles, situate at the lower and outer lia-c. Restiformes, Corpora " restiformia - c.
    part of the optic thalami, which furnish several rhomboide , Corpus dentatum - c. Striés, Corpora
    filaments to the optic nerves. striata - c. Thyroide, Thyroid gland-c. Varici.
    CORPORA Globosa Cervicis UTERI , Nabothi forme, Epididymis -- c. Variqueur, Corpus pam
    glandulæớc. Nerveo-Spongiosa penis, Corpora piniforme, Epididymis--c. Vitré, Corpus vi
    treum .
    cavernosa-c . Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa .
    CORPORA OLIVA'RIA, C. oca'ta, Eminen'tiæ CORPULENTIA , Cor'pulence , from corpus,
    Olitares, (Eminences latérales Ch.) Oblong, ' the body ,' and lentus, ' thick , ' is synonymous
    whitish eminences, situate at the occipital sur- with Obesity and Polysarcia , (q. v .)
    face of the medulla oblongata , exterior to the CORPULENTIA CARNOSA , Torositas.
    corpora pyramidalia. CORPUS, Soma, goma. A Body. (q. v . )
    CORPORA Ovata , Corpora olivaria . Any object, which strikes one or more of our
    CORPORA PYRAMIDA'LIA, Eminen'tiæ pyrami- senses. Gases , liquids, metals, vegetables, ani
    da'les, ( F.) Corpspyramidaux,Pyramides anté. mals, are so many bodies. Natural bodies have
    rieures (Gall,) Eminences pyramidales (Ch . ) been divided into animal, regetable, and mine
    Two small medullary eminences, placed along- ral ; or into inorganic, including the mineral
    side each other, at the occipital surface of the kingdom ;—and organized, including the ani.
    medulla oblongata, between the corpora oli- mal andvegetable .
    varia . The chief differences between organized and
    These bodies have also been called Corpora inorganic bodies consists in the former having
    Pyramidalia anti'ca, to distinguish them from an origin by generation, growth by nutrition,
    the C. olivaria , which have been called Corpo- and termination by death :—the latter , a fortui
    ra Pyramidalia latera'lia . lous origin ,external growth, and a termination
    CORPORA PYRAMIDALIA POSTERIORA, Corpora by chemical ormechanical force.
    restiformia - c. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora, Many parts of the frame have, also, been
    CORPORA RESTIFOR’MIA, Crura medulla ob- distinguished by this name,as Corpus Callosum ,
    lunga'tæ , Pedun'culi medulla oblongata , Corpora C. Mucosum , &c .—See Body.
    pyramidalia posterio'ra : Ped'uncles of the me- Corpus ADENiforme,Prostate-c.Adenoides,
    dulla oblonga'ta. (F.) Corps Testiformes, Cuis. Prostate-c. Adiposum , Pinguedo - c. Alienum ,
    ses postérieures, Pyramides postérieuresdu cer- Extraneous
    telet, Racines, Bras ou Jambes du cervelet - Pe-
    — c. Annulare, Pons varolii.
    Corpus Callosum , Commissu'ra Magna cer'
    tites branches de la moëlle allongée ,Pédoncules du ebri, (F.) Corps calleux, Voûle medullaire, Pla
    cervelet. Two medullary projections, oblong, fond des ventricules du cerveau, Mésolobe (Ch. ,)
    and of a whitish appearance, which proceed l Trabes Medulla'ris, Trabec'ula. A white, me
    CORPUS 192 CORROSION

    dullary band, perceived on separating the two spongio'sa ure'thre. This substance arises be
    hemispheres of the brain , which it connects fore the prostate gland , surrounds the urethra,
    with each other. La Peyronie regarded it as andtheforms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end
    the seat of the soul. of corpora cavernosa , and terminates in the
    Corpus Ciliare, Corpus dentatum -- c. Cine: glans penis, which it forms. et
    reum , Corpus dentatum - c . Conoides, Pineal Corpus VIt'REUM , Humor Vitreus, H. hya
    gland-c . Crystalloides , Crystalline. loides, Glacialis humor, Vitreous humor. (F )
    Corpus DENTA'Tum vel DentiCULA'TUM, C. Corps vitré , C. hyaloïde, Humeur hyaloïde. The
    Cilia'rē, ( F. ) Corps dentelé, Corps festonné. A transparent mass of a gelatinous consistence ,
    central, oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, which fills the eye, behind the crystalline. It
    met with in the cerebellum ; the circumference is contained in cells, formed by the tunica hya ITE
    of which exhibits a number of indentations, loidea.
    (
    surrounded by medullary substance. - Vicq Corpus WolFFIA'NUM , Corpus Okense. At
    d'Azyr. It is seen by dividing the cerebellum a very early period of fætal formation, bodies 山
    vertically into two equal parts.- Vieussens are perceptible , which were first described, as
    gave to the same body the name Corps cendré existing in the fowl,by Wolff, and in themam
    ou Rhomboide, Corpus Cinereum , C. Rhomboi- malia, by Oken. According to Müller, they tec
    deum , Ganglion du cervelet, Noyau central des disappear in man very early , so that but slight
    Pédoncules du cerrelet. remains of them are perceptible after the Ith or 00
    Corpus Discoides, Crystalline-c. Externum , 10th week of pregnancy. They cover the re
    Extraneous body-c . Extraneum , Extraneous gion of the kidneys and renal capsules , which
    body- c . Glandiforme, Prostate - c. Glando- are formed afterwards; and they are presumed
    sum , Prostate-c . Glandulosum , Prostate. to be the organsof urinary secretion during the
    Corpus Glandu Lo'sum MULIERUM, Gland'- first periods of fætal existence.
    ulæ Prostata Mulierum . A vascular, spongy CORPUSCLE, GLANDIFORM , Acinus.
    eminence, which surrounds the orifice of the CORPUSCULA ARANTII , Tubercula A.
    urethra, and projects at its under part. -c . Glandularum similia intestinorum , Peyeri
    Corpus High Mo'ri, C . Highmoria'num , Mea'. glandula - c. Globosa cervicis uteri , Nabothi
    tus semina'rius, (F.) Corps d llygmore ou glandulæ .
    d 'Highmore, Sinus des raisseau séminifères, CORPUSCULUM ARANTII , see Sigmoid
    (Cb .) An oblong eminence , along the supe: valves - c. Sesamoideum , see Sigmoid valves.
    rior edge of the testicle , which seems formed CORRAGO, Borago -officinalis.
    of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, through CORRE , CORSE , 200gn , 200gr , from zerom,
    which the principal trunks of the seminite. • I shave .' ) The temples or the part of the ‫ن ما‬
    rous vessels pass before they reach the epidi- jaws, which'itis usual to shave.-- Gorræus. fue
    dymis . CORRECTIF , Corrigent.
    CORPUS LU'TEUM, (F.) Corps jaune. A small CORRECTION, Correctio, from corrigere, OOR
    yellowish body, perceived in the ovarium , ow- ' to correct. ' The act of correcting medicines; COR
    ing to the rupture of one of the vesicles. It was , thatis,of diminishing their energy or obviating Thesen
    for a long time, considered an evidence of pre- unpleasant effects , by mixing them with sub
    vious impregnation : but it is now maintained , stances which mitigate their operation. acril
    that Corpora lutea may be met with in unques. CORRECTORIÚS, Corrigens .
    tionable virgins . CORRIGEEN MOSS , Fucus crispus .
    Corpus Muco'sum , C. reticula'rē, Retë mu- COR'RIGENT , Corrigens, Correcto'rius, ma
    co'sum ,MucusMalpig'hii, Rete Malpighii,Mu- Casti'gans, Infrin'gens, Emen'dans; same ety. Dia
    cous wcb, ( F.) Corps muqueur. The second layer mon . ( F.) Correctif. That which corrects . A
    of the skin has been so called . It is situate be corrigent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a she
    tween the cutis vera and cuticle, and gives colour substance added to a medicine to mollify or 64
    to the body. In the white varieties of ourspecies modify its action . In the following formula, ang
    it is colourless ; in the Negro, black . the aloes , if not corrected, might induce tor :
    Corpus OKENSE , Corpus Wolitianum . mina. The Oleum Mentha is added as a cor COR
    Corpus PAMPINIFOR'ME, C. varico'sum , from rigent. COR
    pam 'pinus, ' a tendril.' Corpus pyramida'le.
    Hedera'ccus plerus, ( F.) Corps pampiniforme , R Aloes, dette
    C. variqueur. The plexus or retiform arrange. Olei Mentha , gliv
    ment of the spermatic arteries and veins, in Syrup . q. s. ut fiant Pilula , xvj
    the cavity of the abdomen , anterior to the psoas Car
    muscle . CORRI"GIA . A leathern strap. By exten
    Corpus PAPILLA'RE. The nervous and vas- sion , the term has been applied to the tendons
    cular papillä , situate beneath the epidermis, and ligaments.
    called by Breschet Neurothelic apparatus. CORROB'ORANT, Corroborans, RoVorans,
    Corpus Pucoides,Crystalline - c .Pituitare, Bracing, from corrobord're, to strengthen.'
    Pituitary gland - c. Psalloides, Lyra-c. Pyra. ( F.) Corroborant, Corroboratif, Fortifiant. Any
    midale, Corpus pampiniforme - c. Reticulare, substance, which strengthens, and gives tone.
    Corpus mucosum -- c. Rhomboideum , Corpus Wine, e. g., is a corroborant. See Tonic.
    dentatum -- c. Thymianum , Thymus -- c. Thy. CORROBORAN TIA , Tonics.
    micum , Thymus- c. Thyreoideum , Thyroid CORROBORATIF , Corroborant.
    gland -c. Turbinatum , Pincal gland-c. Vari- CORRODANT, Corrosive.
    cosum , Corpus pampiniforme, Spermatic chord CORRODENS, Corrosive. Highl
    i
    -e . Varicosum testis , Epididymis. CORROSIF , Corrosive.
    Corpus Sronolo'sum URE'TIRÆ , Substan'tia CORRO'SION ,Corro'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'
    CORROSIVE 193 CORYZA

    sis, Erosio. The action or effect of corrosive -c. Striata dentium , Enamel of the teeth - c .
    substances . Thuris, Croton cascarilla - c. Winteranus , see
    CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Diabrot'icus,Cor. Wintera aromatica - c. Winteranus spurius,
    rosi'ous, from corrodere , ' to eat away ;' same Canella alba.
    etymon. (F. ) Corrosif, Corrodant. Corrosives Cortex CER'EBRI, the Cortical or Cineritious
    are substances , which , when placed in contact substance of the Brain . The gray portion ob
    with living parts, gradually disorganize them . served at the exterior of the cerebrum and cere
    Caustic alkalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive sub- bellum ; so called, because it forms a kind of
    limate, are corrosives. They acteither directly, bark to the medullary substance. Gall con
    by chymically destroying the part,or indirectly, siders, that this substance forms the nerves ;
    by causing inflammation and gangrene. and , therefore , calls it Substance matrice des
    CORRŪGA”TION , Corruga'tio. Wrinkling, nerfs.
    Frowning. (F.) Froncement; the contraction The name cortical is likewise given to the ex
    of the Corrugato'res Supercil'ii muscles. Cor- ternal substance of the kidney, because it is of
    rugation of the skin is often owing to the appli- a deeper colour than the inner part of the organ ,
    cation of styptic medicines : it is rendered by and forms a kind of envelope io it.
    them unequal and rugous . Cortex Ovi , Cortical Membrane. This mem
    CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is
    supercilii. usually regarded as a uterine production , and
    CORRUGA'TOR SUPERCIL'II , from corruga're, designated Decidua reflexa . They consider it
    ' to wrinkle ;' same etymon. Mus'culus super- to surround the ovule when it descends into
    cilii, Supercilia'ris, Musculus fronta'lis rerus the uterus, and to enclose the shaggy chorion.
    seu Corruga'tor Coiterii ;-Cutunéo -sourcilier, It is absorbed during the first months of utero
    Muscle Sourcilier ou Surcilier, M. Fronto- Sour- gestation , so as to expose the next membrane
    cilier. A muscle , situate in the eyebrows. It to the contact of the decidua, with which a con
    is attached, by its inner extremity, to the su - nexion takes place at the part where the pla
    perciliary ridge, and is confounded , externally, centa is to be formed. In that part, Boer and
    with the occipito -frontalis and orbicularis pal- Granville consider, that the Cortex Ovi is
    pebrarum . It carries the eyebrow inwards, and never altogether obliterated, but only made
    wrinkles the skin of the forehead . thinner, and in process of time is converted
    CORRUPTION , Corruptio, Phthora, Di- into a mere pellicle or envelope,which not only
    aph'thora. Act of corrupting. State of being serves to divide the filiform vessels of the cho
    corrupted. Reaction of the particles of a body rion into groups or cotyledons, in order to form
    upon each other. It is probable, that some- the placenta , but also covers those cotyledons.
    thing like corruption may take place even in This, Granville calls the membra'na pro'pria .
    the living body . See Decidua Membrana .
    CORSE , Corre. COR'TICAL , Cortica'lis, from cortex , ' bark .'
    CORSET, Stethodcs'mium , Tu'nica Thora'cis, Belonging to bark.
    Thorar. An article of dress , which closely em- CORTICAL MEMBRANE, Cortex ovi .
    braces the trunk , and is much used by females CORU . An Indian tree, the bark of whose
    in civilized countries. When corsets or stays root furnishes a milky juice , which is employed
    are worn very tight, many serious evils result in diarrhea and dysentery. It is also called
    from the unnatural compression . Coru Canarica .
    Different bandages, more or less complicated , CORUSCATIO , Astrape .
    which embrace the greater part of the trunk , CORYBAN'TIASM , Corybantias'mus, from
    are likewise so called . Kopußus, one of the CoRYBANTES . A name for
    CORSET DE BRASDOR. The name of a ban- merly given to a kind of phrensy, in which the
    dage, invented by one Brasdor, to keep in sitû sick were tormented by fantastic visions, and
    the fragments of a fractured clavicle .
    CORTALON, Senecio .
    CORTEX , Phloios, Phloos, Phlous, płocos , bosa.
    CORYD'ALUS BO'LBOSUS, Fumaria bul
    qaoos, giovs, Bark. ( F.) Écorce . This word COR’YLUS AVELLA'NA , Bundurh, Cor'.
    has often been applied, exclusively, to Cincho- ylus. The Hazel-nut Tree. (F.) Coudrier , Noi
    na : thus, we say Bark -- the cortex or bark zat' setier. Family, Amentacem. Ser. Syst. Mo
    Egoxnu. It means, also , any bark. næcia Polyandria . The nut of this tree is much
    Cortex AlcoMoco,Álcomoque -- c. Anisi stel-eaten in many countries. Like all nuts, it is
    lati, see Illicium anisátum - c. Antiscorbuticus, by no means easy of digestion . It is the Nur
    Canella alba -- c. Aromaticus, Canella alba - c arella'na , xaqvov hrovtixov, of the ancients. (F.)
    Canellæ Malabaricæ, Laurus cassia-c . Cardi- (the nut) Areline, Noisette.
    nalis del Lugo , Cinchona-c. Caryophyllatus, CORYMBETRA , Hedera helix.
    see Myrtus caryophyllata - c.Caryophylloides, CORYPHE, Vertex ,
    Laurus culilawan-c. Chacarillæ , Croton casca- CORY'ZA , Gravedo, Catastag'mos, Catasta
    rilla - c. Chinæ, Cinchona - c. Chinæ regius, lag'mos, Stillicidium Narium , Phlegmatorrha'
    Cinchona - c. Crassior, Laurus cassia - c. Culi- gia, Blenorrha'a nasalis, Destilla'tio, Catar'rhus
    lawan, Laurus culilawan - c. Eleutheriæ , Cro- ad Nares. Vulgarly , running at the nose,' "A
    ton cascarilla - c. Flavus , Cinchone cordifolia cold in head .' In French, Rhume de cerceau,
    the
    cortex - c. Lavola , see Illicium anisatum - c. Enchifrènement ; in Old English , Pose or Mur;
    Magellanicus, see Wintera aromatica - c. Palli- whence Murien and Murrain . Blennorrhin'ia,
    dus, Cinchonæ lancifoliæ cortex - c. Patrum , from xopus,or xapa , 'the head ,' and ¢ ow , ' I boil. '
    Cinchona - c. Profluvii, Nerium antidysenteri- Inflammation (attended with increased dis
    с m - c . Ruber, Cinchonæ oblongifolia cortex ge) of the Schneiderian membrane lining
    25
    COSCINISMUS 194 COTUNNIUS , & c .

    the nose, and the sinuses communicatingwith | COSTIVENESS, Constipation.


    it . The affection generally subsides without COSTMARY, Tanacetum balsamita.
    any medical treatment. COSTO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus externus
    CORYZA ENTONICA, Ozæna - c. Ozænosa, Oza- abdominis — c. Basi- scapulaire, Serratus magnus
    na — c . Virulenta , Ozæna . -c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle.
    COSCINISMUS , Cribration . Costo -ClaviC'ULAR ,Costo -clavicula'ris. Be
    COSCINOI . See Cribration . longing to the ribs and clavicle .
    COSMESIS , Cosmetics . The Costo- CLAVIC'ULAR LIG'AMENT, Cleido
    COSMETICS, Ars cosmetica, Callipis'tria, costal L., is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which
    Cosme'sis,(F.) Cosmétique, from xoolielv, ' to extends, obliquely , from the cartilage of the
    adorn ,' ' to embellish .' The art of preserving first rib to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
    COSTO -CORACOIDIEN , Pectoralis minor
    the beauty
    Cosmetic, Stilbo'ma, is , also , used for the dif- -c. Scapulaire, Serratus magnus.
    ferent means employed for that purpose ; as Costo- STERNAL , Costo -Sterna'lis. Relating
    the compounds into which enter the oxides of to the ribs and sternum. The articulation of
    lead , bismuth, mercury , arsenic, & c. All of the sternum with the anterior extremity of the
    these, however, injure the skin , and often give first seven ribs.
    rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Costo-TRACHELIA'nus . Relating to the ribs
    Frequent ablution with cold water and bath- and to the trachelian or transverse processes of
    ing are the best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, the neck. Under the name Costo -trache'lian ,
    and all the preparations intended for the toilet, Chaussier designates the anterior and posterior
    fall, also, under this head . scaleni.
    COSMÉTIQUE, Cosmetics Costo-TRANSVERSA'RIUS . Relating to the
    COSMOS , from xosuos, ' the. world,' ' order ,'
    ribs , and to the transverse processes. - Bichat
    & c. The order, which was supposed to pre- gave this name to the articulation of the tube
    side over critical days. Hippocrates and others rosities of the ribs with the transverse processes
    have so termed bracelets, employed not only as of the spine .
    ornaments (xoOneLv, ' to adorn ,') but as thera- CosTO-VER'TEBRAL, Costo -vertebra'lis. Be
    peutical agents. longing to the ribs and vertebræ .-- Bichat gave
    this name to the articulation of the head of the
    COSSA , Haunch.
    COSSUM. A malignant ulcer of the nose , ribs with the vertebræ , and to the ligaments
    often of asyphilitic character. — Paracelsus. connected with it.
    COSSUŠ or COSSIS . A sort of white, short, Costo- XYPHOID , Costo -ryphoideus. The name
    thick worm or larve , found in trees , logs of of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of the
    wood, & c., and used by the Romans asa great seventh rib to the xyphoid or ensiform cartilage.
    article of gourmandise. They were, also, ap thisCOSTUS . The ancients seem to have given
    name to several plants . One has borne the
    plied
    Thetoterm
    ulcers.
    has,— Pliny.
    likewise, been given to those appellation , since the time of Dioscorides , —the
    small vermiform pimples on the face, which Costus Arab'icus, Costus Indicus, C. amarus,
    arise from inflammation of the sebaceous folli. dulcis , orienta'lis , Tsia 'na, Canne Congo , Canne
    cles . de Rivière: Family, Amomeæ, Sex. Syst. Mo
    COSTA . A Rib,from custodi're, 6to guard ,' nandriaMonogynia; the root of which is aro
    defend :' (F.) Côte: been
    The ribs are 24 in num- matic, and has considered tonic, carmina
    ber;-12 on each side . They are irregular,long,tive, diuretic, emmenagogue, &c. The virtues
    bony curves : slightly flattened, and situate of the ancient costus are highly extolled.-Theo
    obliquely at the sides of the chest. The inter- phrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen.
    Costus-CORTICOSUS , Canella alba - c . Horto
    vals betweenintercostauz,and
    (F.)Espaces Intercos'tal
    them are called they spaces, rum, Tanacetum balsamita - c. Hortorum mi
    arenumbered
    first, second, third, & c., reckoning from above nor, Achillea ageratum - c. Nigra, Cynara sco
    to below . lymus.
    They have been distinguished into Costa COSTYLE , Cotyle .
    vere, True ribs, ( F.) Vraies Côtes, Côtes ster. COTA, Anthemis cotula .
    nales, Côtes
    spu'riæ dertébro-sternal(Ch
    ,Mendo'sæ and into Costa COTARO'NIUM ; an obscure term , used by
    Costa , False );ribs,Côtes aster- Paracelsus for a universalsolvent : such a thing
    nales , (Ch .,) Fausses Côtes. The true or ster- as does not exist.
    nal ribs, as they have also been called , are the CÔTE, Costa.
    first 7 ; which are articulated, at one extremity, CÔTE's, COL DES, Collum costarum .
    to the spine, and at the other , by means of their COTIG'NAC. A kind of conserve or pre
    cartilages, to the sternum . The false ribs are serve , prepared from quinces , not entirely ripe,
    the remaining 5 : the uppermost three being and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic and astrin
    united , by means of their cartilages,to the car- gent.
    tilage of the last true rib . The others are free COTON , Gossypium .
    at their external extremity , and , hence , have COTTON , Gossypium .
    been called Floating ribs, Côtes flottantes. The COTULA'FETIDA, Anthemis cotula .
    vertebral extremity of each rib is slightly ex- COTUN’NIUS , LIQUOR OF. Liquor Co.
    panded. It is called the head of the rib> Ca- tun'nii, L. of Cotug'no, Aquula acus'tica, Aqua
    pitulum Costa : the space between this and the auditoria, Per'ilymph, (F.) Lymphede Cotugno.
    tubercle is the collum or neck. Anterior to the A transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which tills
    tubercle is the angle. The angle is the part all the cavities of the internal ear, and of which
    where the bone bends to form the lateral part Cotugno made mention . It is also called Aqua
    of the thorax . Labyrinthi.
    COTURNIX 195 COURMI

    COTURNIX , Tetrao coturnix. COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove


    COTYLAcetabu
    same as Ē, Cot'yla, . Cotyled on, Costyle
    cavity ;inthea -c. Huméral Bicipita groove.
    lum A hollow COULOIR ,e,Colatoriuml .
    bone , which receives the head of another bone : COUM , Colchicum autumnale .
    particularly the cotyloid cavity, Kotvàn, signi- COUNTER -EXTENʼSION , Contra -exten '.
    fied a drinking cup , and, indeed, any thing sio, Antit'asis, (F. ) Contre-extension, from con
    hollow, as the hollow of the hand . - Athe- tra-exten'dere , to extend in a contrary direc
    næus . tion .' It consists in retaining firmly and im.
    COTYLEDON , Cotyle — c Marina, Umbili- movably the upper part of a limb, whilst ex:
    cus marinus. tension is practised on the lower, in cases of
    COTYLEDONS, KOtvandwv, la cavity .' Ace- fracture or luxation .
    tabula uteri'na. The lobes which, by their COUNTER -INDICATION, Contra- Indica
    union , form the placenta. tio, Antendeix'is. An indication contrary to
    COTYLOID, Cotyloï'des, Cotyloï'deuş, Co. another, (F.) Contre-indication. Any circum
    tylo des, from notuin, a drinking cup, and stance , which acts as an obstacle to the em
    eidos, ' form .' Resembling the ancient xotvan. ployment of such therapeutical means as seem
    The name of a hemispherical cavity , situate to be indicated by other circumstances.
    in the os innominatum , which receives the COUNTER -IRRITA’TION , Contra -irrita '.
    head of the os femoris. Fossa cotyloidea , Sinus tio. An irritation, excited in a part of the
    Coxa, Acetabulum , Pyris. body, with the view of relieving one existing
    The Cor'YLOID LiG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum in another part. The remedies used for this
    Cotyloideum , (F.) Ligament cotyloidien, is a purpose are called Counter-irritants, and form
    very thick ,fibro-cartilaginous ring, surround: a most valuable class of remedial agents. See
    ing the cotyloid cavity ,the depth of which it Derivation and Revulsion.
    increases.
    COU, Collum .
    COUP, Blow - c. de Feu, Wound, gunshot
    c. de Sang, Apoplexy .
    COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens. COUP DE MAÎTRE ou TOUR DE MAT.
    COUCHE ou COUCHES (F.) from coucher, TRE (F.) A masterly stroke or performance.
    to lie down. This word is used, !.For par. A mode of introducing thesound or catheter
    turition, (q. v .) accouchement or delivery (puer into the bladder,which consists in first passing
    pe'rium , parturi'tio :) hence une couche heu.it with its convexity towards the abdomen of
    Teuse,' A happy delivery ;'une fausse couche, the patient,and afterwards giving it a half turn
    ' a premature delivery :' and, 2. For the time towards the right groin, when its extremity
    during which a female remainsin bed on ac- has reached the root of the penis under the
    count of delivery,—Tempus Puerperii, thesymphysis pubis There
    childbed state. The Lochia have been termed this mode of introduction .
    . is no advantagein
    Suites de couches. It also means a bed or thala- COUP DE SANG ( F. ) A common term ,
    mus (q. v .) used by some physicians in France, to desig
    COUCHER, Decubitus. which
    COUCHESDES NERFS ETHMOIDAUX nate ,resultthefromlosshemorrhage
    of sensation and
    inthe motion
    brain, , orfrom
    Corpora striata — c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami simple congestion in the vessels of that organ .
    nervorum opticorum - c. des Nerfs optiques, See Apoplexy. Some authors have compre.
    Thalami nervorum opticorum-c. Optiques, hended , under the same denomination , dif
    Thalami nervorum opticorum . ferent hemorrhages, which occur in the cellu
    COUCHING. See Cataract.
    lar texture of the face, lungs, skin , & c .
    COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia cocci COUP DE SOLEIL (F.) Siriasis, Seiriasis,
    nea .
    COUDE, Elbow . Siriasis Ægyptiaca, Ictus solis, Ictus sola'ris, In
    COUDE -PIED, Instep . sold'tion ;-a stroke of the sun. Egyptian Star.
    COUDÉE, Cubitus. stroke or Sunstroke. Any affection produced
    COUDRIER, Corylus avellana. by the action of the sun on some region of the
    COUENNE (F.) Cutis suilla. A term given body ;-head, hands, arms, &c.
    to various parts A very common effect of exposing the naked
    prominent, hard,ofbrownish
    the human
    , andskin , which
    often are head to the sun is inflammation of the brain or
    covered
    with rough hairs, so as toform patches notits meninges, which Sauvages calls Carus ab
    very unlike the skin of the hog . It is a mal- Insola'tione.-BRIDE, Kiotome.
    COUPE
    formation, occurring during intra-uterine ex COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea.
    istence and remaining for life. See Nævus, COUPURE, Cut, Wound, incised .
    Corium Phlogisticum
    also , .
    COUENNE INFLAMMATOIRE, Corium COURANTE , Diarrhæa.
    COURAP. distemper,
    whichA there very common in
    phlogisticum
    cum .
    - c. Pleurétique, Coriumphlogisti- India,in is a perpetualitchingof
    COUGH , Tussis . the surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic
    COULER , To strain . character, and appears chiefly on the axilla,
    COULEUVRE, Coluber berus . groins, breast, and face.
    COULEUVRÉE , Bryonia alba . COURBARIL . See Anime .
    COULISSE (F.) A groove, a gutter .' Ana- COURBATURE (F.) Acer'ba lassitu 'do. Vio .
    tomists designate, by this name, every deep lent lassitude, fatigue. An indisposition, cha
    groove or channel in a bone, in which a ten - racterized by a sensation, as if the limbs were
    don plays ; -- such as the Coulissc Bicipitale or bruised; ene feeling of debility , extreme
    Bicipital Groove of the Humerus. lassitude ; and , sometimes, slight fever. It ap
    COURONDI 196 CRACHEMENT

    pears immediately after severe exercise , but COWPOX , Vaccina - c . Inoculation , Vacci
    sometimes not till the next day. Restre nation .
    moves it . COWSLIP , Primula veris—c . Jerusalem ,
    COURBURE , Curvature . Pulmonaria .
    COURGE , Cucurbita pepo. COWWEED , Chærophyllum sylvestre.
    COURMI or CURMI, κουρμι, κυρμι . A fer- COWPER'S GLANDS, Accessory glands,
    mented liquor,madefrom barley. A kind of (F. ) Glandes accessoires, G. de Cowper, Pros
    ale or beer . — Dioscorides. tates inférieures ou petites prostates. Two small
    COURON'DI , Couron'do. An evergreen ovoid groups of mucous, reddish follicles, situ
    tree of India , the juice of which , mixed with ate behind the bulb of the urethra , before the
    warm whey, is said to cure the dysentery.- prostate ; the excretory ducts of which open
    Ray . into the bulbous portion of the urethra.
    COURONNE CILIAIRE, Godronné, canal They are also called Glan'dula antepros'tata ,
    -C. du Dent, Crown of a tooth-c. du Gland , and G. pros'latæ inferiores.
    Crown of the Glans - c. du Trépan , Crown of COX'A , Haunch .
    the Trepan- c. de Vénus, Crown of Venus. COXÆLUVIUM , Bath , hip.
    COURONNE RAYONNANTE (F.) A term COXAGRA , Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa.
    given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of COXENDIX , Haunch .
    the crura cerebrj in the brain . COXAL'GIA , Osphyal gia . A word of hy:
    COURONNEMENT ( F.) Coro'na. A vul- brid origin ,from cora ,“ hip,' and anyos, ' pain.'
    gar expression , sometimes used to designate Pain in the hip. A sign of rheumatic or other
    the circular ring, which the os uteri forms inflammation ,or of some disease about the hip
    around the head of the child at a certain period joint. See Neuralgia femoro- poplitæa.
    of accouchement :-the head seeming to be COXA'RUM or COXEN DICUS or COX
    surrounded, as it were , by a crown . The head A'RIUS ( Morbus . ) Hip disease. A scrofu
    is then said to be au couronnement. lous and spontaneous luxation and disease of
    COUROU -MOELLI. An Indian tree , the the os femoris is generally understood by this
    bark of which is said to be anti- venomous . term .
    COURSE , Running. COXEN'DIX . This word has been used sy.
    COURSES, Menses. nonymously with ischium . The haunch (q . v .)
    COURT, Short. Anatomists, too, have called the ilia, Ossa Cox
    COUSIN , Culex . endicis .
    COUSSINET, Pad . COXO -FEM'ORAL, Coxo -femora'lis. Be
    COUTEAU, Knife — c. â Amputation, Knife, longing to the coxal bone or ilium , and to the
    amputation - c. à Cataracte, Knife, cataract- c.os femoris. ll'io-fem'oral has the same signifi
    Courbe, Knife, crooked - c. à Crochet, Knife, cation.
    crotchet - c. Désarticulateur , Knife, double The Coxo -FEM'ORAL or IL'10-FEM'ORAL AR
    edged - c. Droit, Knife, amputation - c. de Feu , TICULATION, ( F.) Articulation de la Hanche,
    Cultellaire — c. Interosscut, Knife ,double-edged is the Hip -joint.' The head of the femur and
    -c. Lenticulaire, Knife, lenticular - c. Lithoto- articular cavity are covered by a diarthrodial
    me, Knife, lithotomy - c. en Serpette, Knife, en curtilage and synovial capsule ; and by a very
    serpette -c.Symphysien , see Symphyseotomy - strong capsular or articular ligament attached
    à Deur tranchans, Knife, double -edged.
    c.COUTOU'BE to the circumference of the cotyloid cavity,
    A ALBA, Ex'acum spica'tum , and to the neck of the femur. There is, also,
    Pic'rium spica'tum . A plant of Guiana, which a round or interarticular ligament, passing from
    is very bitter, and is considered , in the coun- the inferior notch of the cotyloid cavity to the
    try, to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic , and rough depression at the top of the caput femo
    anti -dyspeptic. ris ; and a cotyloid ligament,-a sort of thick ,
    COUTURES PAR LA PETITE VÉROLE. cartilaginous
    cotyloid cavityring,
    , andsituate on the the
    converting edgeinferior
    of the
    See Cicatrix .
    COUVERCLE . See Crucible .
    notch into a foramen . These are the great
    means of union in this extensive articulation .
    COUVRECHEF ( F.). Cucullus, Fascia'tio cu CRAB, As'tacus fluviatilis, Cancer, Gamma
    culla'ta. A bandage , applied to the head for retain rus, Cam'marus.
    ing certain dressings,& c. in sitû. The French crevice. A shell-fish(F.much
    ) Crabbe , Écrevisse,
    used Es
    as an article
    surgeons distinguish two kinds, 1. The Grand of diet. Like other shell- fish it is apt to disa
    Couvrechef ou Serviette en carré ( Cucullus ma
    jor,) whichis formed of a napkin or large gree; and excite urticaria, &c.
    CRIBE , Crabyaws.
    square compress : and , 2. The Petit Couvrechef CRABLOUSE; a species of Pediculus, P.
    ou Mouchoir en triangle ( Cucullus minor,) Pubis, which infests the pudendum and axilla.
    formed of a napkin or other square compress; ( F.) Morpion. It is easily destroyed by the
    folded from one angle to the other diagonally white precipitate of mercury, or by mercurial
    opposite to it. ointment.
    COUVRECIIEF. See Bandage, Galen’s . CRABS ' EYES, Cancrorum chelæ .
    COVOLAM , Cratava Marmelos. The bark Crabs' Stones,Cancrorum chelæ .
    of this tree is tonic : the unripe fruit is astrin- CRABYAWS. (F.) Crabe. A name , in the
    gent ; but, when ripe , is delicious . West Indies , for a kind of ulcer on the soles of
    COWBANE , Cicuta aquatica . the feel, with edges so hard , that they are diffi
    COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idæa. cult to cut.
    COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens . CRACHAT, Sputum .
    COWITCH , Dolichos pruriens. CRACHEMENT, Excreation-c. de Pus,
    CRACKLING OF LEATHER 197 CRANIOLOGY

    Vomica, Phthisis pulmonalis —c. de Sang, use of the most powerful stimulants and anti
    Hæmoptysis. spasmodics, of which opium is the best.
    CRACKLING OF LEATHER , see Craque. CRAMPE DE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp of the
    ment de cuir . stomach .
    CRADLE , Arculus, Solen, ( F.) Arceau ou CRANBERRY , Vaccinium oxycoccos.
    Archet. A semicircle of thin wood, or strips of CRANE, Cranium - c. Humain , Cranium hu
    wood, used for preventing the contact of the manum .
    bed -clothes in wounds , & c . An ordinance of CRANE'S BILL, Geranium-c . Stinking,
    the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers Geranium Robertianum .
    and nurses to sleep with a child near them , CRANIOLOGY or CRANIOS'COPY, Cra
    unless it was placed under a solid cradle of niolo'gia, Phrenology , Cranioscopia , C. Gal
    this kind, in order that no accident might arise lia'na, Encephaloscop'ia, Doctri'na "Gallia'na.
    from overlaying. Words, introduced , since Gall , into medical
    CRÆP'ALE, from xpairahn , Crap'ula, language. The two first terms are respectively
    drunkenness, surfeit.' A derangement of the derived from apaviov, cranium, ' aoyos, ' a dis
    functions of the brain , & c.,produced by wine course ,' and oxontev, to examine.'' They sig.
    or any other fermented liquor . - Galen. nify the description, or, simply , the examina
    CRAIE , Creta. tion of the different parts of the external sur
    CRAMA , zqaua, from zegaw, ' I mix . ' A face of the cranium , in order to deduce from
    mixture of any kind . Dilute wine . thence a knowledge of the different intellectual
    CRAM'BIÓN, from zpau Bn , ' cabbage .' A and moral dispositions. Strictly speaking, it is
    decoction of cabbage. - Hippocr. by Cranioscopy that we acquire a knowledge
    CRAMP , from (G. ) krampfen, ' to con- of Craniology or of Organology or Cranology,
    tract, Crampus, Entó 'sia systrem'ma, Tetanus as it has, also, been termed . These words are
    dolorif'icus. A sudden, involuntary, and highly generally, however, used in the same sense.
    painfulcontraction of a muscle ormuscles. It The cranium being exactly moulded to the
    is most frequently experienced in the lower brain, there are as many prominences on the
    extremities, and is a common symptom of cer. bone as there are projections at the surface of
    tain affections ;—as of Colica Pictonum and the brain . According to Gall, each projection,
    Cholera Morbus. Friction and compression of which he calls an organ , is the seat of a parti
    the limb, by means of a ligament applied round cular intellectual or moral faculty, and all per
    it above the muscles affected , will usually re- sons endowed with the same faculty , have , at
    move the spasm . the same part of the brain , a prominence , which
    CRAMP OF THE STOMACH , ( F.), Crampe de is indicated, externally, by a bump or projec
    I Estomac. A sudden, violent,and most pain- tion in the bony case .
    ful affection of the stomach , with sense of con- The System of Gall is made to comprise 27
    striction in the epigastrium . It seems to be prominences, which answer to 27 fáculties.
    the effect of the spasmodic contraction of the The following Table exhibits these supposed
    muscular coat of the stomach , and requires the organs and their seat.

    CEREBRAL ORGANS , AND THEIR SEAT, ACCORDING TO GALL .


    1. Ins nct of generation , of reproduc
    tion ; amativeness. Instinct of pro- Seated in the cerebellum . It is manifested at the
    pagation ; venereal instinct . surface of the cranium by two round protube
    (German .) Zeugungstrieb , rances, one on each side of the nape of the
    Fortpflanzungstrieb , neck .
    Geschlechtstrieb .
    Love. of progeny ; philoprogenitive
    2. ness
    (G.):Jungenliebe, Kinder Indicated at the external occipital protuberance.
    liebe .
    3. Attachment;friendship. About the middle of the posterior margin of the pa
    ( G.) Freundschafisinn . rietal bone ; anterior to the last.
    Instinct
    À. perty ; love of strife selfand
    of defending pro;
    and combat Seated a little above the ears ; in front of the
    combativeness ; courage . last, and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal
    (G.) Muth , Raufsinn , bone .
    Za nk sinn.
    5. Carnivorous instinct ; inclination Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals ;
    to murder ; destructiveness ; cruel- forms a prominence at the posterior and superior
    ty . part of the squamous surface of the temporal bone,
    (G.) Wurgsinn, Mordsin n. above the mastoid process.
    .. Cunning ; finesse ; address ; secre
    tiveness . Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the sphe
    ( G.) List, Schlauheit, Klug noidal angle of the parietal bones.
    heit.
    CRANIOLOGY 198 CRANIOLOGY

    7. Desire of property ; provident in


    ştinct ; cupidity ; inclination to rob- Anterior to that of cunning , of which it seems to be a
    bery; acquisitiveness. prolongation , and above thatof mechanics, with which
    ( G. ) Eigenthums nssinn , Hang it contributes to widen the cranium, by the projection
    zu Stehlen, Einsamm- which they form at the side of the frontal bone.
    lungssinn, Diebsin n .
    8. Pride ; haughtiness; love of autho Gal
    rity ; eleration . Behind the top of the head, at the extremity of the
    (G.) Stolz, Hochmuth, Hohen- sagittal suture , and on the parietal bones. Thet
    sinn , Herrschsucht .
    9. Vanity ; ambition ; love of glory.
    (G.) Eitelkeit, Ruhm sucht, Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior inter
    Ehrgeiz. nal angle of the parietal bones.
    10. Circumspection ; foresight.
    (G.) Behutsamkeit, Vorsicht, 3 Corresponds to the parietal protuberances.
    Vorsichtigkeit.
    11. Memory of things; memory of
    facts ; sense of things; educability ;
    Con
    perfectibility ; docility. Situate at the root of the nose , between the two eye
    (G.) Sachged ächtniss, Er- brows, and a little above them.
    ziehungsfähigkeit, Sach
    sinn. ure
    12. Sense of locality ; sense of the re Answers to the frontal sinuses, and is indicated exter
    lation of space ; memory of places. nally by two prominences at the inner edge of the
    ( G.) Ortsinn , Raum sinn. eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and outside of
    the organ ofmemory of things.
    13. Memory of persons ; sense of per
    sons . At the inner angle of the orbit. 2. Bing
    ( G.) Personensinn. Aft
    14. Sense of words ; sense of names ; Situate at the posterior part of the base of the two
    verbal memory . anterior lobes of the brain , on the frontal part of
    ( G. ) Wordgedächtniss, Na- the bottom of the orbit, so as to make the eye pro
    mensinn . minent .
    15. Sense of spoken language; talent
    of philology; study of languages. Also at the top of the orbit, between the preceding and
    (G.),Sprachforschungssinn, that of the knowledge of colour. CRA
    Wortsinn, Sprachsinn.
    16. Sense of the relations of colour ; poet
    talent ofpainting. The middle part of the eyebrows ; encroaching a little
    on the forehead . Tibe
    ( G. ) Farbensinn. kind
    17. Sense of the relations of tones ;
    musical talent. A little above and to one side of the last ; above the
    outer third of the orbitar arch . Theme
    ( G. ) Tonsinn .
    18. Sense of the relations of numbers; On the outside of the organ of the sense of the rela
    mathematics.
    (G.) Zahlen sinn , tions of colour , and below the last.
    19. Sense of mechanics ; sense of con A round protuberance at the lateral base of the frontal
    struction ; talent of architecture; in. bone , towards the temple, and behind the organs of
    dustry. music and numbers .
    (G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn .
    20. Comparative sagacity.
    ( G. ) Vergleichender Scharf At the middle and anterior part of the frontal bone ,
    sinn . above that of the memory of things.
    21. Metaphysical penetration ; depth In part, confounded with the preceding. Indicated,
    of mind. at the outer side of this last, by two protuberances,
    (G.) Metaphysischer Tief- which give to the forehead a peculiar hemispherical
    sinn . shape .
    22. Wit. At the lateral and outer part of the last ; and giving
    (G.) Witz . greater width to the frontal prominences.
    23. Poetical talent, On the outer side of the last; divided into two halves
    ( G. ) Dichtergeist. by the coronal suture . CE
    24. Goodness ; benevolence; mild
    ness ; compassion ; sensibility ;
    moral sense ; conscience ; bonhom- Indicated by an oblong prominence above the organ
    mie .
    of comparative sagacity ; almost at the frontal su
    ( G.) Gutmüthigkeit, Mitlei. ture .
    den, moralischer Sinn ,
    Gewissen .
    25. Imitation ; mimicry. At the outer side of the last
    ( G. ) Nachahmungssinn.
    CRANIOSCOPY 199 CREASOTE

    26. God and religion ; theosophy: At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior an
    (G.) Theosophisches sinn . gles of the parietal bones.
    27. Firmness ; constancy ; persede
    The top of the head ; at the anterior and most elevated
    rance; obstinacy. part of the parietal bones .
    ( G.) Stetigkeit, Fester Sinn.
    The first nineteen of these, according to CRANTER , from xpaveiv , ' to finish,' ' ren
    Gall , are common to man and animals ; the der perfect .' The Dens Supien'tiæ has been so
    remaining eight, man possesses exclusively . called .
    They are, consequently, the attributes of hu- CRAPULA , Cræpale .
    manity. CRAQUEMENT DE CUIR , ( F.) " Crack
    ORGANS ACCORDING TO SPURZHEJM . ling of leather. A sound like the crackling
    1. Amativeness . 18. Marvellousness . of new leather, sometimes heard on examining
    2. Philoprogenitiveness. 19. Wit . the heart with the stethoscope. It has been
    3. Inhabitiveness. 20. Ideality . supposed to be symptomatic of pericarditis.
    4. Adhesiveness or At . 21. Imitation .
    tachment. 22. Individuality . CRASIS ; from zeqarvumi, ' I mix . A mix
    5 Combativeness . 23. Form . ture of the constituents of a fluid ; as the cra
    6. Destructiveness . 24. Size ,
    7. Constructiveness . 25. Weight and Resist- sis the blood
    has,ofalso, of the humours,
    been ,employed & c . The
    in a more word
    extensive
    8. Acquisitiveness . ance .
    9. Secretiveness . 26. Colour . signification, as synonymous with Constitution ,
    10. Self -esteem .
    27. Locality . Temperament, (q. v.) &c .
    11. Love of Approbation . 28. Numeration . CRASPEDON , Staphylædema.
    12. Cautiousness . 29. Order. CRASSAMENTUM , from crassus, thick. '
    13. Benevolence . 30. Eventuality.
    14. Veneration .
    15. Firmness .
    31. Time. The thick part or deposit of any fluid. It is
    16. Conscientiousness or
    32. Melody or Tune .
    33. Language .
    particularly applied to the clot of the blood .
    Justice . 34. Comparison .
    CRASSAMENTUM SANGUINIS , See Blood .
    17. Hope. 35. Causality . CRASSE, (F. ) Dirt or impurity . A sort of
    layer or enduit, which covers the skin, where
    A fundamental principle with the Craniolo- cleanliness is not attended to ; and which is,
    gists or Phrenologists, is ,that the brain does sometimes , the result of the cutaneous exhala
    not act as a single organ, but that it consists of tion; at others, of extraneous matter, adhering
    a plurality of organs: but if we admit this, to the surface of the body .
    it is probable thatthe assignment of the seat of CRASSE'NA . A term by which Paracelsus
    different faculties is premature . designated the saline , putrescent, and corro
    CRANIOSCOPY , Craniology . sive principles, which, he thought , gave rise
    CRA'NIUM , Cra'nion, Calva'ria , Sca 'phion, to ulcers and tumours of different kinds.
    Conchus, Calva ; the skull ; from XQUVOS , ca CRASSULA , Sedum telephium .
    helmet,' or from xpavov, ' head . ' ( F.) Crane. CRATÆGUS A'RIA , Mes'pilus, Aria seu
    The collection of bones, which form the case Sorbus, White Beam Tree, (F.) Alisier blanc;
    forlodging,the brain and its membranes, as Alouche, Alouchier. Thefruit,whichis of the
    well as their vessels , and some of the nerves . size of a small pear, is slightly astringent, and
    Thesebones are eight in number --thefrontal, somewhat agreeableto the taste. Ithas been
    occipital , two parietal,two temporal,the sphe- employed
    noid, and ethmoid. Besides these , there might
    in diarrhæa.
    CRATÆVA MARMELOS, Covolam .
    be considered , as belonging to the cranium ,the CRATEVÆSIUM , Sisymbrium nasturtium .
    cornua sphenoidalia, the bones of the ear, and CRATOS , Force .
    the ossa wormiana. CRAUTE , MINERAL WATERS OF. C.
    Dr. Prichard has characterized the primitive is a village five leagues from Autun,in France ,
    forms of the skull according to the width of where are mineral springs , containing hydro
    the Bregma , or space between the parietal sulphate of magnesia, muriate of soda,muriate
    bones : 1. The Stenobregmate, (otovos, nar. of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of
    row ,' ) or Ethiopian variety . 2. The Mesobreg. magnesia.
    mate, (ugos, middle ,') or Caucasian variety ; CRAYON NOIR , Graphites.
    and 3. The Platybregmate, (Thatus , ' broad, ') CRAZINESS, Insanity.
    or Mongolian variety .
    CRANIUM HUMA'NUM , Human Cra'nium , (F. ) CREA , Shin .
    CREAM , Cremor , (F.) Crème. A thick ,
    Crane humain. This was anciently much used unctuous matter, of a yellowish white colour,
    in prescriptions, and was considered anti-epi- and sweet, agreeable taste , which rises to the
    leptic , alexipharmic , antiloimic , &c .
    CRA'NOMANCY, from xparov , ' the head ,'| surface
    of butterof, milk at rest. It is composed
    keptcaseum
    serum, if, and .
    and martela , divination ,' (F.) Cranomancié. Crème is a name given in France to bouillies
    The art of divining — from the inspection of prepared with farina of different kinds ; as the
    the head or cranium ,—the moral dispositions Cream of Rice, Crème de Riz, C. d'orge ( C. of
    and inclinations of individuals .
    CRANSON , Cochlearia officinalis. Barley ,) & c .
    CRANSSAC , MINERAL WATERS OF . CREAM , COLD , Ceratum Galeni-c . of Tar
    C. is a village in thedepartment of Aveyron, tar, Potassæ supertartras.
    CREASOTE,
    six leagues from Rhodez, which possesses acid . Creasol xgtas , " Creaso'tum,
    on; fromCreosote, Kreasote,
    Alesh ,' and autos,
    ulouschaly beate springs, that have been known preserver. ' A substance discovered a few
    for a long time.
    CREATOPHAGUS 200 CRÉTIN

    years ago by Reichenbach . It is obtained from CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM . See


    Tar , by distillation , and appears to be the ac- Tarsus.
    tive antiseptic and medicinal agent in tar-wa CREPITA'TION, Crep'itus, from crepita're, See
    ter and crude pyroligneous acid. It is a colour- ' to make a noise . Crackling. Crepitation or C
    less transparent fluid, of a penetrating and dis- crepitus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used , in Sur
    agreeable odour. Its taste is bitter. s . g. 1.037. gery, to designate the noise occasioned by the
    It coagulates albumen , whence its hæmostatic friction of fractured bones, when the surgeon
    power. It is a most powerful antiseptic. moves them in certain directions. When it
    It has been largely administered in hemor- cannot be heard at a distance, it may be de
    rhages both internally and externally. As an tected by the immediate application of the ear, be it
    external application , it has been used in burns, or by the use of the stethoscope.
    ulcers, especially those of a sloughing charac. Crepitus or crackling is, likewise, met with
    ter, chronic cutaneous affections, and has been in cases of gangrene , when air is effused into
    applied to tapeworm when protruded , &c . the cellular membrane - provided the part be 0
    İnternally , it has been administered in phthi- carefully examined with the fingers . The
    (9
    sis, vomiting, diabetes mellitus, nervous dis- same term is used for the cracking of the
    eases, chronic glanders, &c. joints in health or disease . CA
    The dose internally is one or two drops. Crep'itus, quoa , quon , Physa , Physe, Topde, CR
    Externally, it is sometimes applied pure, at Porde, Flatus, also means a discharge of wind f.is
    others diluted , and commonly with water, (38s per anum . See , Fart.
    to3 vj ;) or in the form of ointment, (gtt.xv to By RALE CRÉPITANT Sec, LAENNEC means CA
    3j of cerate .) the crepitant rattle , heard , during respiration,
    CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, in severe pneumonia and in ædema of the
    CREMASON Pyrosis
    , . lung ; so termed, on account of the analogy
    CREMASTER , Suspendiculum , Elera'tor between the sound and that occasioned by press
    Testic'uli, Mus'culus Testis, M. Testicon'dus. ing a healthy lung, between the fingers .
    That which suspends ; from xoeuaw , ' I sus- The RALE CREPITANT Sec à GROSSES BUL
    pend .' The Greeks designated, by this term , LES , 'dry crackling noise with formation of
    the spermatic chord , or all the parts by which large bubbles ,' is heard in pulmonary emphy
    the testicle is, as it were , suspended ; but , since sema, when the distention becomes greater and
    Vesalius , it has received its present limited greater, and is followed by rupture of the ve
    meaning. The Cremaster is a very thin ,mus- sicles. The air forcing itself a passage in the
    cular fascia --sometimes hardly perceptible - interlobular cellular tissue gives rise to this
    which detaches itself from the internal oblique Râle during inspiration. LC
    muscle ; passes through the abdominal ring, CREPITUS ,Crepitation , Fart - c. Lupi , Ly the
    and vanishes around the tunica vaginalis ; sery- coperdon .
    ing to draw up the testicle , and to move it CRESCENTIA , Growth .
    slightly. It has been, also, called Tunica Ery- CRESCENTIA CUJE'TE , Cujete , Narrow - leaved
    throïdes and Suspenso'rium Testis. Calabash Tree. The pulp of the fruit of this
    CREME, Cream - c. de Soufre, Sulphur West India plant is acidulous. It is used in
    præcipitatum - c. de Tartre, Potassæ supertar- diarrhea and headache ; and, in syrup, for dis
    tras. eases of the chest.
    CREMER. The common name for a disease CRESCENTIÆ , Waxing kernels .
    frequent in Hungary, which is produced by CRESERA . See Cribration .
    excess in eating and drinking. - Chomel. CRESPINUS , Oxycantha Galeni .
    CREMNOI, plural of zoruros, 'a steep bank.' CRESS , GARDEN, Lepidium sativum-c .
    The lips of an ulcer . The Labia Puden'di, Indian, Tropæolum majus -- c. Penny, Thlaspi
    (q . v .) — Hippocrates, Foësius. Hence : -c. Swines' , Cochlearia coronopus - c. Water, ret
    CREMNONCUS, from zoruros, “ the labia Sisymbrium nasturtium .
    pudendi,' and oyros , ' a tumour. ' A swelling CRESSES, DOCK , Lapsana - c. Sciatica,
    of the labia pudendi. Lepidium Iberis .
    CREMOR , Cream-c . Tartari , Potassæ su- CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium . inse
    pertartras — c. Urinæ , see Urine. CRESSON, ALÉNOIS, Lepidium sativum СКІ
    CRENA, Crenatu'ra, Dentic'ulus, (F.) Créne- c. Élé gant,Cardamine pratensis—c. de Fontaine,
    lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- Sisymbrium nasturtium -- c. des Indes, Tropæ
    tions in the bones of the cranium , by means of olum majus--c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum CRI
    which an accurate junction is formed at the -c. du Mexique,Tropæolum majus — c. de Para,
    sutures . pilanthus oleraceus -- c. des Près, Cardamine CRI
    Crenélure has also been used , in Surgery, for pratensis. calca'
    the gutter or groove in certain instruments, CRETA , Carbonas calcis, Carbonas
    which is generally intended to secure the pas- reus, Glisomargo, Melia Terra , Chalk , Carbo CEL
    sage of cutting instruments; the groove, for nate of Lime, (F.) Craie.
    example, of a director. CRETA PREPARA'TA, Car'bonas Calcis pre BA
    CRENATURA, Crena. para'tus, Teste prepara'ta , Prepared Chalk .
    na
    CRÉNELURE, Crena. Used , externally, as an absorbent; internally ,
    CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous . as an antacid . Dose , gr. x to 3j or more .
    CREPANELLA , Plumbago Europea. CRÊTE, Crista—c. de Coq, Crista galli - c.
    CREPATIO , Crepatu'ra . The action of de l'Ethmoide, Crista galli- c. Uréthrale, Gal
    bursting any seed by ebullition . - Coque ad cre- linaginis caput- c.Uretrale,Caput Gallinaginis.
    patu'ram ,' Boil till it bursts .' CRÉTIN One affected with cretinism .
    CREPATURA , Hernia. The word is said to come from Chrétien, Chris
    CRETINISM 201 CRIOMYXOS

    tian, because the Crétin, being in a state of the middle of the posterior surface of the cri
    idiocy, is incapable of committing any sin. coid cartilage, to the outer and posterior part
    See Cagot. of the base of the arytenoid cartilage.
    CRETVINISM or CRETINAGE , Cyrlo'. The Crico-ARYTENOIDÆ'us SUPE'RIOR, of
    sis Cretinis'mus, Cretinismus. An epidemic Winslow , forms part of the Arytenoïde'us of
    affection in the low, deep, narrow situations of modern anatomists.
    the Valais ; in the valley of Aost, Maurienne, CRICO-CRĒTI-ARYTHÉNOIDIEN , Crico.
    a part of Switzerland, the Pyrenees, Tyrol, &c, arytenoid, posterior - c. Latéro -aryténoidien,
    It is a state of idiocy , commonly accompanied Crico -arytenoid —c. pharyngis.
    by an enormous goître, and is often hereditary. Crico -PHARYNGEAL, Črico- pharyngaus. Be.
    The unfortunate Crétin is little better than the longing to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx.
    animals around him. He rarely attains an ad- The Crico-PHARYNG X'us muscle of Winslow
    vanced age. Like idiocy, cretinism has been is a fleshy bundle, which forms part of the
    divided into complete and incomplete. Constrictor Pharyngis inferior, (q. v. ) He
    CREUSET, Crucible. calls the other part Thyro -pharynge'us, and
    CREUX DE L'ESTOMAC, Fossette du caur. proposes to call the whole Thyro crico-pharyn
    CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. gæ'us.
    C. is a inountain to the northeast of Mount Crico -THYROIDEAN, Crico - Thyroid. Belong
    Cenis. Near it is a saline chalybeate spring. ing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
    CREVASSE , ( F. ) Rima, from crever, to The Crico - THYROID MEMBRANE is of a
    break or crack . ' A Crack, a Cleft. The words fibrous nature ; and extends from the upper
    crevasse, gerçure,fissure, and rhagade are often edge of the cricoid cartilage to the inferior
    used synonymously for small longitudinal edge of the thyroid .
    cracks or chaps of a more or less painful cha- The Crico - Í'HYROID Muscle , Crico- Thyroï
    racter. Sometimes , crevasse is ernployed to de'us, Dilatateur antérieur du larynx, is a small ,
    designate the solutions of continuity or rup- fleshy bundle, of a triangular shape , at the an
    tures, which supervene in distended parts, in terior and inferior part of the larynx. It ex
    the urinary passages, uterus, &c .; it is then tends from the outer surface of the cricoid car .
    synonymous with rupture. tilage to the lateral parts of the inferior margin
    CRİ, Cry . of the thyroid cartilage ; and its use is, to ap
    CRIBLE, (F.). Cribra'tus, from cribrum , ' a proximate, anteriorly , the corresponding mar.
    sieve .' Having 'holes like a sieve. Lume cri- gins of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages; and
    blée, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal lamina thus to stretch the ligaments of the glottis,
    of the ethmoid bone-so called because it is which it contracts by separating the thyroid
    perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora- cartilage from the arytenoid.
    tions the olfactory nerves pass. CRICO- THYRO-PHARYNGIEN, Constric
    The term Lu'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus is a tor pharyngis.
    circular spot, perforated with small holes, seen CRICOÉIDES, Annular.
    when after
    side, the optic nerve the
    removing is regarded the in ris,CRICOID
    fromchoroid.
    retina and
    , Cricoïdeus, Cricoï'des, Annula'
    Cymbala'ris, Cartila'go innomina'ta , from
    From these holes the medullary matter may be 201x0s, ' a ring,' and aidos, form .' Having
    expressed. the form of a ring, (F.) Cartilage anonyme. A
    CRIBRA . See Cribration . name given to one of the cartilages of the
    CRIBRA'TION, Cribra'tio, Sifting, Coscinis- larynx,which is situate at its lower part, be
    mus. A pharmaceutical operation, which con- tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea.
    sists in separating the finest parts of drugs It is much higher behind than before.
    from the coarser . Sieves are used for this pur CRICOS , Ring .
    pose, These were formerly called Cribra ; 6 CRIMNO'DES, Crimnoï'des, from xguvov,
    Coscinoi , x00xivot. A sieve , for separating the coarse meal,' and eidos, resemblance .' ' Re
    bran from meal, was termed Cresera, x02020d, sembling meal.
    Aleuroté'sis, Cribrum Pollina'rium . Uri'nĂ CRIMNO'DES. Urine that deposits a
    CRIB'RIFORM , Cribriforme, from cribrum , sediment like meal.
    ' a sieve,' and forma, ó forin .' The ethmoid CRIMNON , Farina.
    bone was formerly so called :-Os cribrifor'me. CRINA'LĒ, from crinis, ' hair.' An instru
    CRIBRUM PÓLLINARIUM . See Cribra- ment, formerly used to compress, in cases of
    tion . fistula lachrymalis. It has its name from the
    CRICO -ARYT'ENOID . Cri'coarytenoida'. circumstance of its having at one end
    us. Relating to the cricoid and arytenoid car- cushion stuffed with hair.-Scultetus. a small
    tilages. CRINA'TUM . A species of fumigation ,
    Crico-ARYT'EROID Muscle , Crico-arytenor- used by Paulus of Ægina. The routs of lilies
    de'us latera'lis, Crico -latéri-ariténoidien . A entered into the process; hence its name, from
    muscle which proceeds from the lateral part of xpivov, “ the lily .
    the superior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the CRINES, Hair.
    outer and anterior part of the base of the aryte- CRINIS , Capillus.
    noid cartilage . It carries the arytenoid car- CRINOM’YRON , from mourov, ' the lily ,'
    tilage outwards and forwards. and Hunov, ' ointment. ' Unguentum lilia'ceum ,
    Crico-ArYT'ENOID , POSTERIOR ;Crico-aryle . U. Ægyptium album , U. Susi'num. An oint
    noida'us posti'cus, Crico -crêti-arithénoïdien , Di- ment, composed of lilies and some aromatic
    latateur postérieur du Larynr. A small, trian- plants.- Gorræus.
    gular muscle, seated at the back part of the la. CRINON , Lilium candidum .
    rynx. It extends from the prominent line, at CRIOMYX'OS, xolomvšos. One, who has
    26
    CRISIS 202 CROCUS

    much mucus flowing from his nasal fossæ , like , D. Decreto'rii, D. Prin'cipes , D. Radica'les , (F.)
    a ram : from xolos , a ram ,' and uvšos, 'mu- Jours critiques, are those on which a crisis , it
    cus . ' was imagined ,would be likely to happen . Ac .
    CRISIS, Diacrisis, Judgment; from xorw , cording to Ilippocrates and Galen , the greatest
    I judge.' This word has been used in va number of fevers terminate , favourably, on the
    rious acceptations . Some mean by crisis of a 7th day , and many on the 14th;—these two
    disease, when it augments or diminishes con- days being the most propitious. Next to these
    siderably, becomes transformed into another, come , in order of efficiency, the9th, 11th , 20th
    or ceases entirely . Some have used the word or 21st , 17th , 5th , 4th , 3d, 18th ,27th , and 28th .
    to signify only the favourable changes, which The sixth day was called by Galen , the Tyrant,
    supervene in disease ; others, for the change tvoarvos, because the crises, that happened then,
    going on in the acme or violence of the dis- were generally unfavourable. After this, the
    ease . Others, again, have given this name most unfavourable were the 8th, 10th, 12th,
    only to a rapid and favourable change; joined 16th, and 19th . The 13th was a sort of neutral
    to some copious evacuation or eruption; whilst day, the crises, which happened on it, being
    others have applied the term to the symptoms , neither favourable nor unfavourable.
    that accompany such change, and not to the Days were, also , divided into Intercalary, in
    change itself; —thus including, under the same which the crises happened less frequently , and
    denomination, the critical phenomena and the were less complete than on the critical or indi.
    crisis. catory ;-and into vacant and non -decretory, in
    CRISPATION , Crispatu'ra, from crispa're, which a crisis hardly ever occurred.
    According to this division, they were enu
    " to wrinkle.' A contraction , or spasmodic con-
    striction , which supervenes in certain parts, merated as follows.
    either spontaneously or by the influence of Critical days, 7th , 14th , 20th , 27th , 34th ,
    some morbific cause or therapeutical agent. 40th , 60th, &c .
    The capillary vessels of a wound are , by the Indicatory days, 4th , 11th , 17th , 24th , &c .
    French , termed crispós; when, iminediately Intercalary days, 3d , 5th , 6th, 9th , & c .
    after an operation ,the blood does not flow from Non -decretory days,2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th ,
    them . The skin is said to be crispée, when &c .
    contracted , and the bulbs of the hair become Fortunate crises were considered to be indi.
    more prominent. Crispation of the nerves is cated by favourable signs appearing three days
    a slight convulsive motion of external or inter- before.
    nal parts, much less than that which occurs in CROCHET , Crotchet.
    convulsion . CROCIDISMUS , Carphologia.
    CRISTA . A crest , (F.) Crête. A name CROCIDIXIS , Carphologia .
    given to several bony projections. CROC’INUM , from xoxos, saffron .' Made
    Crista Galli ; two Latin words, signifying with saffron ; coloured with saffron .
    the comb of a cock, (F.) Crête de l'ethmoide, č . CROCODES , from xpoxos , saffron ,' and
    de Coq. A flat, triangular process, rising above ridos, ‘ resemblance. Certain trochs into which
    the críbriform plate of the ethmoid bone , and saffron entered as an ingredient. - Paulus of
    resembling a cock's comb. It gives attach Ægina.
    ment to the anterior part of the falx cerebri . CROCODI'LEA , Stercus Lacer'ta. The ex
    The Crista OF THE IL'ium is the superior crements of the crocodile , which the Arabists
    margin of the ilium : -- the Crista of the Tilia , extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases,
    the anterior ed the shin . Winslow calls the and which was long used as a cosmetic
    nymphæ , Crista of the Clitoris ; and Chaus- CROCODILIUM , Echinops.
    sier, the verumontanum , Crista Urethra'lis. CROCOMAG'MA , from 200xos, saffron ,'
    The word CRETES, (F.) Crista, is used , in and mayua, ' a kneaded or squeezed mass .' A
    France, for fimbriated excrescences, which kind of troch , composed of saffron and spices.
    form at the anus, and near the genital organs; Galen , Dioscorides, Paulus of Ægina, Scribo
    and are commonly owing to the syphilitic pius Largus.
    virus . CROCUS, C. sati'rus, C. Austriacus, Medi
    CRÊTES DE COQ are syphilitic excrescences, ci'na Tristi" tiæ, Panace'a vegetabilis, Zaffran,
    resembling, in form , the crest of the cock . An'ima Pulmo'num , C. Orienta'lis, Saffron, Or
    Crista URETHRALIS, Gallinaginis caput - c. der, Irideæ . (F.) Safran. The stigmata are
    Interna, Frontal spine. the parts used in medicine. They are brought
    CRISTALLIN , Crystalline. from the East. The odour is aromatic , and the
    CRISTALLINE , Mesembryanthemum crys taste aromatic, pungent, and bitter : -- the co
    tallinum . lour deep orange red. Its virtues are yielded to
    CRITHE , Hordeolum , Hordeum , Penis. alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water. Its opera
    CRITHIDION, Hordeolum . tion has been considered stimulant, exhila
    CRITIMUM MARIT’IMUM , Crithmum , rating, and diaphoretic. It is not much used .
    Samphire, ( F.) Passe -pierre , Perce-pierre, Fe There is a Cake Saffron sometimes met with .
    noul marin, Bacile. Family, Umbelliferæ . Sex. It consists of one part of saffron and nine of
    Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A plant which grows marigold, made into a cake with oil ; and
    on the sea.coasts, has a spicy , aromatic flavour, pressed .
    and is used , pickled , as a condiment. Crocus, COLCOTHAR - c. Antimonii , Oxy
    The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of Crith- dum stibii sulphuratum - c. Germanicus, Car
    mum .
    thamus tinctorius -- c. Indicus, Curcuma longa
    CRIT’ICAL, Criticus. Belonging to a crisis. -c. Martis adstringens , Colcothar-c . Martis
    Critical Days, Dies erit'ici, D. judicato’rü, aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas - c. Martis vitriola
    CROISÉ 203 CRUDITY

    tus, Colcothar - c . Metallorum , Oxydum stibii from half a drop to three drops, made into pills
    sulphuratum - c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc. with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter
    torius. nally as a rubefacient, 3 or 5 drops being rub
    CROISÉ ( F. ) Crossed. An epithet given to bed on the part; or one part of the oil and three
    paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one side , parts of olive oil may be added together, and a
    and the leg of another. little of this be rubbed on .
    CROISSANCE, Growth . CROTO'NĒ, 200torn. A fungus, which
    CROISSANCES, Waxing kernels. grows on trees. By extension , applied to a
    CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. fungous tumour developed on the periosteum .
    CROMMYON , Allium cepa .
    CROMMYOXYREG’MIA , from κροιιιυον , spasmodic CROUP,, Carpo-pedal
    Cynanche trachealis
    spasm. - c. Cerebral
    " an onion ,' ožus, ' acid ,' and onyrui, to break ) Uropyg'ium crupper.
    out.' Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell TheCROUPION
    region of the( F.coccyx. The , the Rump.
    similar to that of onions .
    CROPALE , Nerium antidysentericum . CROÛTE, Crusta—c. de Lait, Porrigo larva
    CROSSE DE L'AORTE , Arch of the aorta . lis—c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis.
    CROSSES PALMAIRES, Palmar arches. CROÛTEUX, Crustacé.
    CROSSWORT , Eupatorium perfoliatum . CROWN , Coro'na, Steph'anē. In Anatomy ,
    CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus. this name is given to parts of a circular form ,
    CROTY ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orus. which surmount other portions of the same
    The Rattlesnake, Cobra de Capello , (F.) Cro- body. Thus, the Crown of a Pooth, Coro'na
    tale. A venomous reptile of North America. Dentis, (F.) Couronne du Dent, is the portion
    Its poison is virulent. " It is so called from the of CROWN
    the toothOFwhich projects above the gum.
    rattle in its tail . ( Kgotahov, ' a rattle ,' ' a small THE GLANS , Coro'na glandis,
    bell .') ( F. ) Couronne du gland , is the round, almost
    CROTYAPHĒ or CROTA'PHIUM , from circular, ring, which circumscribes the base of
    the glans.
    xpota temple .'. Cephalalgia Pulsatilis.
    gos, ' Pulsat'ilis,
    Cephald'a Sphygmoceph'alus. A The Crown of THE TREPAN , Modiolus, (F.)
    pulsatory pain, chiefly in the temples, with form Couronne de Trépan
    ofa crown , is a species of saw , in
    , or rather
    drummingin the ears. of a portion of a cy
    CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle . linder, having grooves on its external surface;
    CROTAPHUS, Temple , Temporal bone. and teeth
    being fittedatto the
    its lower
    handleextremity : the
    of the trepan . other
    CROTCHET, Hamus. A small hook or CROWN OF VENUS , Coruna Ven'eris , Gutta
    crook . (F.) Crochet. An obstetrical instru : Rosa'cea Syphilit'ica , (F.) Couronne de Vénus.
    ment, whose name indicates its shape ; and Red, rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face ;
    which is used in the extraction of the fætus, but particularly on the forehead and temples,
    when it becomes necessary to destroy it to ex- owing to constitutional syphilis.
    pedite delivery. Crotchets aredifferently form . CROWFOOT, BULBOUS-ROOTED , Ra
    ed ; some are sharp, others blunt; some con- nunculus bulbosus c. Marsh , Ranunculus scle
    tained in a sheath , others naked. ratus-c . Meadow , Ranunculus acris-c . Water,
    CROTON BENZOE , Benjamin. smaller, Ranunculus Flammula .
    CROTON CASCARIL'LÁ, Cortex Eleuthe'riæ , CROWSBEAK - LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid
    Crolon Eleuthe'ria , Thus Judæorum , Chacarill- process.
    læ corter, Cascarilla, Elute'ria, Gascarilla . CRUÄCIAL, Crucia'lis . Having the shape
    Order , Euphorbiaceæ . Ser. Syst. Monæcia of a cross .
    Monadelphia. (F.) Quinquina aromatique, Cas- A Crucial Incis'ion , (F.) Incision cruciale.
    carille . The bark of the Croton Cascarilla of An incision , made in the form of a cross.
    the Bahamas, Corter Thuris, has a slightly aro- Often employed for exposing the cranium, for
    of applying the trepan .
    matic odour, and bitterish, aromatic taste. The the purpose LIG'AMENTS,
    smoke has the odour of musk . The active parts CRUCIAL (F. ) Ligaments croi
    are an essential oil and bitter extractive. They sés, L. cruciformes. Two strong ligaments
    are completely extracted by proof spirit. It is within the knee.joint . The anterior passes ob
    tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to 3ss or liquely from a depression anterior to the spine
    more in powder. of the tibia to the posterior and inner part of
    Croton ELEUTHERIA , Croton cascarilla - c . the external condyle of the femur:-the other,
    Oil , Croton tiglium . the posterior, extends from the posterior part
    Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel. A small Mala- of the spine of the tibia to the anterior and
    bar tree , whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of outer part of the internal condyle .
    sesame, is employed , by the Orientals, as a lini- CRUCIBLE, Crucib'ulum , Cati'nus fusd'.
    ment in headache and rheumatism . rius, Tigillum , Albot, Cemente'rium . (F.) Creu
    Croton Tog'lium, Cndel-Avanacu. A Ceylo- set. A vessel of earth, silver, platina, gold,
    nese plant, every part of which is endowed black -lead, &c. , for receiving substances, which
    with medicinal power. The root is a drastic have to be exposed to a strong heat. It is some
    cathartic : the wood , (Lignum Para'na ,) Pa- times covered with a top or lid , (F.) Couvercle,
    vana wood, and the seeds, have like virtues. CRUCIFORM , Crucifor’mis, Cross-shaped .
    The seeds have been long known under the A namegiven to the ligaments, which close the
    names, Grana Molucca , Tilii Grana, and Gra- articulations of the phalanges; and likewise to
    na Tiglii. From these seeds the Croton Oil , the crucial ligaments .
    O'leum Tigli is expressed. It is of a pale , CRU'DITY, Cru'ditas, from crudus, ' crude ,'
    brownish -yellow colour, and hot, biting taste; unprepared .' Rawness, crudeness. This word
    and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose, 'has received several acceptations . 1. It ex.
    CRUENTA EXPUITIO 204 CRUSTA

    presses the quality of certain aliments, which the fascia lata, which gives passage to the vena
    have not experienced the action of fire. 2. The saphæna. It isat theupper orifice of this canal,
    condition ofmatters in the digestive tube, which that Femo'ral or Crural Hernia, the Hernia in
    have not undergone the digestive changes: and , guinale of Chaussier, occurs; which would be
    3. In the language of the Humorists, it means more common , were it not for the fibrous cel G.
    the condition of the morbific matter in a sick lular septum there situate .
    individual , when it has not yet been prepared The ‘Crural or FEM'ORAL ARTERY, (F.)
    or concocted by the action of the organs. Artère crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale , - (Ch .), is the
    The word is used in the plural, Crudities, continuation of the external ilíac. It extends
    synonymously with crudematters. It is applied from the crural arch to the aperture in the tri HT
    to those, when contained in the stomach and ceps , or to the ham . Chaussier applies the name c
    intestines . Artère crurale to the trunk , which extends from
    CRUENTA EXPUITIO , Hæmoptysis. the primitive or common iliac to the tibial CE
    CRUOR. The signification of this word is arteries; embracing, of course, the external
    very vague. It has been used to designate iliac, femoral, and popliteal.
    blood (q. v .) in general, venous blood, extra- The Femoral or CRURAL VEin has the same
    vasated or coagulated blood, and the colouring arrangement as the artery . It receives only one
    matter. great branch , the saphæna. CI
    CRUOR SANGUINIS, see Blood . The CRURAL Nerve proceeds from the lumbar
    CRUORINE , Hæmatine, plexus , and is situate at the outer side of the
    CRUPPER, Croupion . psoas muscle and crural artery . After it has
    CRUPSIA , Metamorphopsia. passed under the crural arch , it divides into
    CRURA . The plural of Crus, ' a leg. ( F. ) cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the
    Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, from branches , which is larger than the rest, is called
    their resemblance to a leg or root ; as the Crura the Sapha'na nerde. It gives off filaments to
    cerebri, Crura cerebelli , &c . the integuments of the knee, to the inner part
    Cruna Anterior. MEDULLÆ OblongatÆ , of the leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot.
    Peduncles of the brain - c . Medullæ oblongatæ , The remainder of the branches of the crural are
    Corpora restiformia - c . Medullæ oblongatæ, distributed to the anterior and inner part of the CA
    Thalami nervorum opticorum-c . Posteriora thigh,
    medullæ oblongatæ, Peduncles of the cerebellum . ACCESSORY OF THE CRURAL NERVE , is a
    CRURÆUS, Cruralis . term given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar
    CRURAL , Crura'lis, from crus, ' the thigh nerves . heb
    and the lower limb .' What belongs to the thigh The CRURAL PLEXUS of Chaussier is the union CR
    or lower limb. of the anterior branches of the four last pairs of beteren
    CRURAL or INGUINAL ARCH , ( F.) Arcade lumbar nerves , and the four first sacral;-form
    crurale, A. inguinale ( Ch .) , - PocPart's Lig- ing the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most R
    ament, L. of Fallopius. This arch is formed by anatomists.
    the internal portion of the inferior edge of the CRURAL, Triceps cruris . CR
    aponeurosis of the obliquus externus muscle, CRURA'LIS OR CRURÆ'US. A part of the
    which is attached , at one end , to the pubis ; at Triceps crural of the French , or of the Trifé

    535 ASSES-
    Chat
    the other, to the anterior and superior spinous moro-rotulien of Chaussier. The Cruralis is
    process of the ilium . At its posterior and inner situate at the anterior, outer,and inner part of
    part, the aponeurosis , forming the arch , sends the thigh. It arises, fleshy, from between the CR
    off a falciform reflection , which is attached two trochanters, adheres firmly to most of the KU
    along the crest of the pubis, and is known under fore part of the os femoris ; and is inserted, To
    the name of GIMBERNAT's Ligament. Beneath tendinous, into the upper part of the patella,
    this arch , the vessels , nerves , and muscles make behind the rectus. Its use is to assist the vasti
    their exit from the pelvis to the thigh . and rectus in the extension of the leg. Under
    CRURAL or FEM'ORAL CANAL or Ring . M. Muscle Triceps Crural, the French describe the
    Jules Cloquet has described this canal with cruralis and the two vasti . Some small mus.
    minuteness; and given it the name Anneau cular slips, sometimes found under the cruræus
    crural, Anneau fémoral. It is nearly an inch muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament
    long, is triangular, more spacious above than of the knee-joint, have been called Sub.crura'i.
    below , and shorter and broader in the female CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula.
    than in the male. Its upper orifice is bounded, CRUS, Leg , Thigh.
    anteriorly , by the crural arch , posteriorly , by CRUST , Eschar .
    the crista of the pubis , on the outer side by the CRUSTA. A crust or scab, (F.) Croîute. An
    psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac assemblage of small flakes, formed by the dry
    aponeurosis , and,at the inner, by GIMBERNAT's ing up of a fluid secreted by the skin.
    Jigament. This orifice is covered by the peri- The lining membrane of the stomach and
    toneum , and , according to M. Cloquet , is closed intestines has been called Crusta villosa.
    by a more or less resisting septum , which he Crusta ADAMANTINA Dentium , Enamel of
    has named , Septum crurale. In its course , the the teeth .
    crural canal has its anterior paries formed by Crusta GENU EQUINÆ , Sweat , or Knce Scab,
    the superficial expansion of the fascia lata ; the Mock or Encircled Hoof Knees, Hangers, Devo
    posterior by the pectineus, covered by the deep- Claws, Night Eyes, Horse Crust. This morbid
    seated expansion of the fascia ; and more es- secretion from the horse has been advised in
    ternally by the psoas and iliacus muscles, cases of epilepsy. It is used in the form of
    covered by an expansion of the fascia iliaca. powder, (gr. ij to gr . xx ;) and of tincture .
    Its inferior orifice is formed by the forainen of ' CRUSTA INFLAMMATORIA , Corium phlogisti
    CRUSTACE 205 CUBITAL

    cum - c . Lactea, Porrigo larvalis — c. Mem . CRYSTAL'LI. Vesicles , filled with a watery
    branacea, Peristroma- c . Petrosa, see Tooth - fluid. They are also called crystallinæ . Pro
    c . Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum-c . Pleu- bably the pemphigus of modern writers .
    retica, Corium phlogisticum - c. Pruriginosa, CRYSTALLI LUNÆ , Argenti nitras.
    Gutta rosea - c . Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea -- c. CRYSTALLIN , Crystalline .
    Vermicularis, Peristroma - c . Villosa lingua, CRYS'TALLINE , Crystallinus. Having the
    see Tongue. appearance of crystal. Crystalline humour C.
    CRUSTACÉ , ( F. ) Alibert has substituted this The CRYS'TALLINE,
    word , in his Nosology , for croûteur, ' crusty.' Lens, Crys'talline body, Crystallinus, Lens crys
    Having crusts or scabs ; as Dartre crustacée. tal'lina, Lens crystalloï'des vel Corpus crystal
    CRUS'TULA. A small shell or scab. An linum, C. Discoïdes, C. Crystalloides, C. Pha
    ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. coï'des, Humor crystallinus, H. glacia'lis, Gem
    CRUSTUMINA'TUM . A rob,prepared from ma Oculi, (F.) Cristallin ou Crystallin , Humeur
    the Pyra Crustumi'na or Crustumeri'na ( socrystalline , Corps crystallin , Lentille crystalline.
    called from Crustuminum , a town in Italy, A lenticular, transparent body, situate between
    where they grew ,) boiled with honey or in rain- the vitreous and aqueous humours of the eye,
    water . - Aëtius . at the union of the anterior third with the two
    CRUX CERVI . An ancient appellation for posterior thirds of this organ . It is composed
    the bone in the heartof the stag. It was once of a soft, exterior substance ; and an interior ,
    considered useful in diseases of the heart . forming a solid nucleus , in which a number of
    CRY , Clamour, (F.) Cri. The sound of the elliptical layers are perceptible. It is contained
    unarticulated voice. The native voice , which in a capsule, called Tunica aranca vel crystal
    the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man lina , and receives, at its posterior surface, a
    of genius and hearing . The cry of the new small branch of the central artery of the retina,
    born child has been called Vagi'tus, ( F.) Va- which is always readily distinguishable in the
    gissement. We say , " j cry of joy, of pleasure , fætus, prior to the 7th month of utero-gestation .
    of pain ,” &c . , according to the expression, The use of the crystalline is to refract the
    which it may convey to the hearer . rays of light, and to serve as an achromatic
    CRYMO’DES, from xovuos, cold . ' A con- glass : for which its laminæ or layers, composed
    tinued fever, in which the internal parts feel of substances of different refractive powers,
    hot, and the external cold ; and which was admirably adapt it.
    attributed to an erysipelatous inflammation of CRYS'TALLINA , from xovota aos, 'crystal.'
    the lungs .-Aëtius, Gorræus . A vesicle or phlyctæna, filled with serum , and
    CRYMODIN'IA, from xounos, ' cold ,' and appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of
    oduvn , ' pain . ' Chronic rheumatism , and all its the anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated
    modifications . — Baumes. aureola . It may be syphilitic or not. See
    CRYMO'SIS, from xovuos, ' cold .' Diseases Crystalli .
    caused by the action of cold . - Baumes. ČRYSTALLION , Plantago psyllium .
    CRYPSOR'CHIS , from xoUNTU , ' I conceal ,' CRYSTALLOID, Crystalloides, from xovo
    6
    and opgis , ' a testicle,' Cryptor'chis, Testicondus. Tah2.0 , ' crystal,' and idos, form ,' resem
    One in whom the testes have not descended blance. ' Resembling crystal or the crystalline.
    into the scrotum . The state is called Cryplor- The capsule or membrane of the crystalline, also,
    chidis'mus, Parorchid'ium . the crystalline itself .
    CRYPTA , from xountOS , ' concealed . ' Fol. CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassæ ni
    lic'ulose gland. Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, ( F.) Cryple, tras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus .
    Follicule. A crypt or follicle is a small, round- CRYTHE, Hordeolum .
    ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the CTEDON , Fibre.
    skin or mucous membranes , and constantly CTEIS , Pirbes.
    pouring the fluid, which it secretes , on their CTESIPHON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plas
    surfaces. ter , employed and described by Celsus .
    The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion , CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba.
    is to keep the parts, on which it is poured, sup- CUBEB PEPPER, Piper cubeba.
    ple and moist , and to preserve them from the CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid .
    action of irritating bodies, with which they have CUBIT , Ulna- c . Top of the, Olecranon .
    to come in contact. CU'BITAL, Cubita'lis. Connected with , or
    The little rounded appearances at the ends of relating to the cubitus, or to the inner and pos
    the small arteries, in the cortical substance of terior part of the forearm .
    the kidn are also called Crypte. The CubitAL ARTERY, Arteria cubita'lis, A.
    CRYPTE, Crypta . ulna'ris, arises from the humeral a little below
    CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS , from xPuntos , con- the bend of the elbow ; proceeds along the an
    cealed,' and zegani, " head .' A monster whose terior and inner part of the forearm ; passes
    head is excessively small , and does not appear anterior to the ligamentum annulare of the car
    externally . - G . St. Hilaire . pus, and goes to form , in the palm of the hand ,
    CRYPTOPY'IC,Cryptophy/icus,from zquartw , the superficial palmar arch. Besides the nu
    I conceal,' and itvov, "pus.' A state of disease, merous muscular branches, which it gives off
    kept up by an occult abscess. in its course , it sends, posteriorly, the common
    CRÝPÍOPHYICUS , Cryptopyic . trunk of the interosseous arteries, and inter
    CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis . nally, the two cubital recurrents, anterior and
    CRYPTS, SYNOVIAL , Bursæ mucose . posterior,-articular branches , which anasto
    CRYSTAL , MINERAL, Potassæ nitras fugus mose on the inside of the elbow with the di
    sulphatis paucillo mixtus. visions of the humeral artery .
    CUBITALE (OS) 206 CUCURBITA

    The Deep- SEATED CUBITAL VEins and the has an oblique groove for the tendon of the
    recurrent cubital veins accompany the corre- peroneus longus.
    sponding arteries. CUCKOO FLOWER , Cardamine pratensis.
    The SUPERFICIAL CUBITAL VEins belong to CUCKOWBREAD , Oxalis acetosella.
    the basilic . Chaussier calls them cuta'neous CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum.
    cubital. CUCU'BALUS BEHI behen officina'rum .
    The CUBITAL Muscles are two in number. This plant was once considered alexipharmic
    1. The Cubita'lis anterior, C. inter'nus, Flexor and cordial. It is the Spatling Poppy.
    carpi ulnaris, Ulnaris internus, Epitrochli-cubito- CUCULA " TUM MAJUS. A barbarous
    carpien, Cubito -carpien— (Ch .), is a long mus- term , used by Ruland for brandy and spirit of
    cle, situate at the interior and inner part of the wine.
    forearm . It arises from the inner condyle of CUCULLARIS, Trapezius.
    the os humeri , at the inner side of the olecranon , CUCULLATA , Sanicula.
    and from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is CUCULLUS, Couvre-chef, Cucupha, Infun
    inserted, by a tendon , into the os pisiforme. dibulum of the cochlea.
    Its use is to bend the hand on the forearm ,by CUCULUS, Coccyx.
    directing it slightly inwards . 2. The cubita'lis CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus — c. Squirt.
    poste'rior or exter'nus, Exten'sor Carpi ulna'ris, ing or wild , Momordica elaterium - c . I'ree,
    Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us externus, Cubito- Magnolia acuminata .
    sus-métacarpien- (Ch.), is situate at the poste- CUCUMER , Cucumis sativus.
    rior part of the forearm . It arises from the ex- CUCUMIS AGRESTIS , Momordica elate
    ternal condyle of the os humeri , and is inserted rium - c. Asininus, Momordica elaterium .
    into the superior extremity of the fifth bone of CUCUMIS COLOCYN'This . The official name
    the metacarpus. Its use is to extend the hand, of the Colocynth or Bitter Apple. Colocyn'this,
    inclining it a little in wards. Coloquin'tida, Bitter Gourd , Bitter Cucumber,
    The Cubital Nerve , Ulnar nerve, Cubito- (F.) Coloquinte. Family, Cucurbitaceæ . Sex.
    digital— (Ch .), is furnished by the two or three Syst. Monæcia Monadelphia . Turkey and
    last nerves of the brachial plexus , and is dis- Cape of Good Hope plant. The spongy part or
    tributed to the inner and anterior side of the medulla of the fruit, Colocyn'thidis Pulpa, Cu
    forearm; to the inner part of the palm and of cu'meris Colocyn'thidis Pulpa, has a bitter , nau
    the back of the hand , and to the two or three seous , and acrimonious taste ; and is a strong
    last fingers . cathartic , acting chiefly on the upper part of
    CUBITALE (OS) , Cuneiform bone . the intestines. It is scarcely ever used , except
    CUBITALIS RIOLANI. See Anconeus . in combination .
    CUBITEUS EXTERNUS . See Cubital Cucumis Melo. The systematic name of the
    muscles. Melon Plant , Melo, Common Melon. ( F.) Melon .
    CUBITO(nerf),
    -CARPIEN , see Cubital The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not
    c. Cutané Cutaneous nerve - muscles
    c.Phalan- very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds
    gettien commun, Flexorprofundus perforans— possess mucilaginous properties.
    Cucumis Sati'yus. The systematic name of
    c. Radi-sus-métacarpien du pouce, Abductor Cu'cumber plant, Cucumis, Angou'rion ,
    longuspollicis — c. Radial, Pronator radii quad - the
    Citreolus, Cu'cumer, (É.) Concombre ordinaire.
    ratus.
    CUBITO The cucumber is used , when young, as a
    10the cubitus- SUPRA-PALMA'RIS . Belonging
    andto the supra-palmar or dorsaí pickle, when it is called a Gherkin. (F.) 'Corni.
    surface of the hand . Chaussier gives this chon. It is not a fruit easy of digestion. The
    seeds are mucilaginous.
    name: 1. To a small artery , which is given off CUCUMIS SYLVESTRIS, Momordica elaterium.
    by the cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. CUCUPHA , Cu'cullus, Pileus, Sacculus
    2. To a vein ,which accompanies this artery.
    CUBITO-SUS-MÉTACARPIEN, see Cubital cephal'icus.
    sort of coif or cap , with a
    double bottomA, between which is enclosed a
    muscles— c. Sus-métacarpien du pouce, Abductor mixture of aromatic powders, having cottop for
    longus pollicis,c. Sus-phalangettien de l'index ,
    ful excipient.
    Extensor proprius indicis - c. Sus.phalangettien an cephalic . It was formerly used as a power
    du pouce, E. longuspollicisắc. Sus-phalangien CUCURBITA, Cupping glass.
    du pouce, E. pollicis brevis. CUCUR'BITA CITRUL'LUS . The systematic
    CU'BITUS , xvßitov, Cybiton . The Elbow , name of the Water-melon plant. Citrullus,
    (q. v .) Also, oneof the bones of the forearm . Anguria, Tetrangu'ria, Sicilian Citrul, Water
    See Ulna , and Forearm. melon. Family, Cucurbitaceæ ; Sex. Syst.
    Cubitus, (F.) Coudée; the ancient name of Monacia Monadelphia. (F.). Melon d'eau,
    a measure 18 inches long. Pastèque . The juice of this fruit is very abuna
    CUBOID , Cubor'des, Cubifor'mis, Cybor'des, dant, whence its name. The Water Melon is
    Cyrtoi'des, Grandino'sum Os, Tes'sara , Tessera extremely refreshing and agreeable , when made
    os, Os carium , from xvßos, ' a cube ,' and eidos, cool , and is eaten like the common melon. It
    • form. ' Having the form of a cube . This is very much used in the United States.
    name was given , by Galen , to one of the bones Cucur'BITA Pepo. The systematic name of
    of the tarsus, and is still retained. It is situate the Common Pompion. Cucurbita. The seeds
    at the anterior and outer part of the tarsus ; of this plant, as well as those of the Cucur'bita
    and is articulated , behind, with the calcaneum ; lagena'ria or Bottle- gourd , contain a large pro
    before, with the two last metatarsal bones, and portion of oil, capable of forming emulsions :
    within , with the third os cuneiforme,and some. but they are not used.
    times with the scaphoides . Its inferior surface ! Both the fruit of the Cucur'bita lagena'ria,
    CUCURBITAIN 207 CUNEO.CUBOID

    ( (F.) Calebasses,) and that of the Cucur'bita the liver,Theophilus


    so called , from some fancied resem
    Pepo,( (F.) Potiron, Courge,) are eaten. blance . - Protospatarius.
    CUCURBITAIN , Cucurbitinus. CULTER CURVUS , Knife, crooked -c . Fal
    CUCURBITI'NUS, ( F.) Cucurbitain. This catus, Knife, crooked-c . Lenticularis, Knife ,
    name was formerly given to the Tænia solium , lenticular- c. Rectus, Knife , amputation.
    because composed of rings which resemble the CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultrid'orus, from cul
    seeds of the gourd, cucurbita. ter, ' a knife ,' and vora're, to devour . ' Indi
    The ancients believed that the rings , which viduals , who have seemed to swallow knives
    are sometimes discharged, were so many sepa- with impunity, have been so called ;-knife
    rate worms.-See Tænia. Eaters .
    CUCURBITULA , Cupping- glass. CULUS, Anus.
    CUCURBITULÆ CRUENTÆ, Cupping with the CUMAMUS , Piper cubeba.
    scarificator - c. cum Ferro , Cupping with the CUMIN , Cuminum cyminum - c. des Près,
    scarificator - c. Siccæ , Cupping, dry . Carum .
    CULLERÉE, Cochleare. CUMI'NUM CYMI'NUM . The systematic
    CUIR, Corium . name of the Cummin plant. Cumi'num , Car
    CUISSART. See Cornu ammonis . naba'dium. Family, Umbelliferæ. Ser. Syst.
    CUISSE , Thigh, Crus — c. postérieure du cer- Pentandria Digynia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aigre.
    celet, Corpus restiforme. The seeds of the Cummin , which is a native
    CUISSON. (F.) A smarting, burning pain. of Egypt, have a warm , bitterish , disagreeable
    CUIVR E, Cuprum - c. et Ammoni aque sul- taste . Water extracts their odour , and spirit
    fate de, Cuprum ammoniatum --c. Limailles de, takes up both odour and taste. They are not
    see Cuprum-c. Sous-acétute de, Cupri sub' used , except in a plaster, which bears their
    name .
    acetas - c. Sulfate de, Cupri sulphas.
    CUIVREUX . ( F. ) Copper-coloured. Teint When drunk in wine , the ancients believed
    cuivreux ; a copper- coloured complexion, such they produced paleness ; bence, Horace called
    as is observed in cancerous affections. Syphi- -Dioscorides,
    the Cummin , exsangue; and Juvenal, pallens.
    litic ulcers of the throat, &c . are often copper Pliny .
    coloured . CUMINUM NIGRUM, Nigella-c. Pratense, Ca.
    rum .
    CUJETE , Crescentia cujete .
    CULBICÍO. A Latin word , employed by CUMMIN , Cuminum cyminum .
    old writers, as synonymous with ardor urinë CU'MULUS, a heap or pile.' A rounded
    and gonorrhæa. prominence, in the centre of the proligerous
    CULBUTE. (F.) A movement, which the that
    disc,contains
    in whichthethere is a small opaue cavity,
    ovum .
    fætus has been supposed to execute, at the end CUNEA'LIS SUTU'RA
    . The suture ,
    of the 7th month of utero -gestation ; and by formed betweenthe great and little alæ of the
    liead sphenoid bone and the os frontis. - Blasius.
    presumed,theuterus:
    means of which, itthewasorifice
    presented towards of the CUNÉEN, ( F. ) Cuneanus. Relating to the
    a change of situation , which is impracticable cuneiform bones .
    in ordinary circumstances . ARTICULATIONS CUNÉENNES ; -the joints be
    CU'LEUS ; a measure , containing 20 bar
    rels or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. -Pliny, tween the cuneiform bones ,
    them and otherparts., as well as between
    Gorræus .
    CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, holdLIGAMENTS CUNEENS ; the ligaments which
    the cuneiform bones together.
    unbappily too well known in almost every part CU'NEIFORM , Cuneifor'mis, Sphenoides,
    of the world , on account of their bites, which from cu'neus, ' a wedge , and forma, shape.'
    give rise to painful, local inflammation . The Wedge-shaped. This name has been given to
    gnats and musquitoes belong to this genus. several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To a
    CULI FLOS , Cardamine pratensis. bone of the carpus, situate between the os lu
    CU'LINARY ART. Cookery, Res culina'. nare and os orbiculare . Jt is, also , called Os
    ria, Res coqua'ria, Ars culina'ria, A. coquina'- Pyramidale, Os Triquetrum , and Os Cubita'le.
    ria, Mageirice, payetqizn. The art of preparing 3. To the basilaryprocess ofthe occipital bone :
    meals for the table.` In judgingof the dietetic and 4. To three of the bones of the tarsus,
    properties of various kinds of aliment, the which are distinguished, according tosituation,
    culinary process to which they have been sub- reckoning from within outwards, into first,
    jected will always have to be considered.Many second, and third, or internal, middle, and ex
    of the writers on the culinary art have been ternal; and according to size, reckoning in the
    physicians . same order , into great, small, and middle-sized.
    CULLITLAWAN, Laurus culilawan . The posterior surface of these bones is united
    CULTELLAIRE , ( F.) from Cultellus, a to the anterior face of the scaphoides ; the an
    little knife.' Le cautère cultellaire, known also terior surface with the corresponding meta
    under the name Couteau de feu, Fire-knife, is tarsal bones ; and , in addition , the external
    used for what the French term the Cuutère surface of the third is articulated, behind , with
    transcurrente. (See Cauterization.) It is shaped the cuboides. They are also called Chalchoidea
    like a small hatchet. a
    or Calcoïde ossic'ula.
    CULTELLUS , Culter, Knife - c. Anceps , CUNEO- CUBOID , Cuneo - cuboideus. Be
    Knife ,double-edged - c. Uncus,Knife,crotchet longing to the cuneiform bones and cuboides.
    CULTER, Cultellus, from colo, ' I cultivate .' The CUNEO-CUBOID ARTICULATion is formed
    A coulter, a knife, (q. v .) scalpel, (q. v.) machæra , by thethird cuneiform bone and cuboides . It
    machærion , macharis. Also, the third lobe of is furnished with a synovial capsule, and two
    CUNILA 208 CUPULAIRE

    cuneo - cuboid ligaments,-a dorsaland a plan- employed internally. Chiefly used in deter T
    tar . gent ointments. Dose, as a tonic ,under 1 gr.:
    Cuneo-SCAPHOID . Cuneo-scaphoideus. Be- emetic, from gr. j. to gr.ij.
    longing to the cuneiform bones and sca- Powdered verdigris appears to be the active
    phoid . ingredient in Smellome's Eye-Salve, which
    The Cuneo- SCAPHOID ARTICULATION , is may be imitated by rubbing half a drachm of CO
    formed by the posterior surfaces of the three finely powdered verdigris with a little oil, and
    ossa cuneiformia , and the anterior surface of then mixing it with an ounce of yellow ba 19-3
    the scaphoid. It is furnished with a synovial silicon.
    capsule and ligaments ; some of which are An ointment composed of one drachm of
    dorsal, others plantar. finely powdered verdigris, with an ounce of C:
    CUNILA , Satureia capitata — c .Bubula, Ori- lard or spermaceti ointment, is used in psoria
    ganum - c. Muscula, Inula dysenterica-c. Sa- sis, tetter, &c .
    tiva , Satureia hortensis. CUPRI SULPhas, Vitriolum Cupri, Vitrio
    CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica. lum Veneris, V. Cyprium , V. Cypri'num , V. CL
    CUNNUS , Vulva. Cæru'leum , V. Roma'num , Cuprum Vitriola'tum , Gen
    CUP, Scutella, Catillus, Patel'la, Excip'ula , Lapis Cæru'leus, Sulphate of Copper, Blue
    (F.) Palette, Poêlette, Poilette, Vase à saigner. Stone, Blue Vitriol, Roman Vitriol , Mortooth ,
    À small vessel , of a determinate size, for re- (F.) Sulfate de Cuivre, is in rhomboidal, rich CU
    ceiving the blood during venæsection. It gene- blue, semitransparent, efflorescing crystals.
    rally contains about four ounces. A bleeding The taste is harsh , styptic, and corrosive. It
    of two cups is, consequently , one of eight is soluble in four parts of water at 60° , and is
    ounces . tonic, emetic , astringent, and escharotíc . As
    CUPIDO, Appetite . a tonic, it has been used in epilepsy, intermit CUT
    CUPOLA. See Infundibulum of the coch- tents, &c.
    lea . Dose , as a tonic, gr. 4 to gr. ij in pill ; as an
    CUPPING. A species of blood-letting, per- emetic, gr.ij to x in water. A very weak so
    1
    formed by a scarificator and glass, called a lution is sometimes used in ophthalmia and in CU'I
    cupping - glass; Cucurbit'ula , Cucurbita, dimua , gleet; and it forms the basis of Bates's Aqua
    Sicua, (F.) Ventouse. The lancets are placed camphora'ta which has been recommended in inges
    in such a manner, in the scarificator, that,when the purulent ophthalmia of children , diluted
    it is applied upon the affected part, the whole with sixteen parts of water. phared
    are, by means of a spring, pushed suddenly Cupri Sulpias AMMONIACALIS , Cuprum am Watu
    into it. After scarification, the cupping-glass, moniatum - c. Vitriolum , Cupri sulphas. 250. "
    which has been previously exhausted by heat, CUPRUM , Chalcos, Æs, Venus of the Al.
    CUF
    or by an exhausting syringe, is applied. The chymists: Copper, Cyprium, (F.) Cuitre. Its CLE
    pressure of the air within the glass being thus odour is peculiar and sensible when rubbed ;
    diminished, the necessary quantity of blood taste disagreeable and metallic ; colour red htu
    may be drawn . See Bdellometer. yellow. S. g. 7.87 : ductile , very malleable :
    Dry cupping, Cucurbitula siccæ ,isthe appli- less hard than iron : easily oxidized. In its
    cation of the glasses, without previous scaric metallic state , it exerts no action on the sys.
    fication , ( F.) Ventouses sèches. It is used to tem . When swallowed, it undergoes no dele.
    prevent the activity of absorption from any terious change. Copper cannot be dissolved recht
    wounded part ; occasionally, to excite suppu- whilst tin is in the mixture, and hence the
    ration in indolent abscesses ; and to remove utility of tinning copper vessels. Copper cu
    the pus when an abscess is opened . Cupping, linary vessels are harmless under ordinary
    taken without any epithet, means the abstrac- cleanliness, provided the substances be not sut (UT
    tion of blood by means of the scarificator and fered to remain in them till cold. The salts of
    cups. (F.) Ventouses scarifiées, (L.) Cucurbitu-copper are very deleterious. CUF
    la cruenta , C. cum Ferro. The verb . to cup , ' The Filings of COPPER, Cupri Limatu'ra, seat
    signifies to draw blood by cupping. (F. ) Limailles de Cuivre, have been used in
    CUPRES'SUS SEMPERVIRENS. The hydrophobia. It has been remarked, under COT
    systematic name of the Cupressus, Cyparis'sus, Cuprum, that they are inert. CIE
    Cypress, (F.) Cyprés. The berries, leaves, CUPRUM AMMONIA'TUM, C. Ammoniaca'le , C. A Tor
    and wood, have been considered astringent Ammoniacum , C. Ammoniaco -sulphu'ricum ,Am
    and useful in intermittents. The whole plant monia'ted Copper, Ammoniucal Sulphateof Cop re
    abounds with a bitter, aromatic, and terebin- per, Ammoniure'tum Cupri, şal anti-epilepticus
    thinate fluid .
    of WEISSMAN, Sulfas Cupri ammoniaca'lis, s. CV
    CUPRI ET AMMONIÆ SULPHAS, Cu- ammoni'aca cupratus, Sub-sulfas Ammo'nio.cu' СЕ
    prum ammoniatum - c . Diacetas , E. Subacetas pricus , Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'niæ , Deuto- Sulfas CU
    -C .
    Rubigo , Cupri subacetas. Cupri et Ammoniæ, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et СЕ
    Corni SUBACE’tas, C. Diace'tas, Æru'go, d'ammoniaque. A crystalline powder, of a rich Red.
    Ver'digris, Hispan'icum viride , Prasi'num vi- violet colour, and hot, styptic taste . By ex .' CC
    ride, Cupri Rubi'go, Crystals of Vénus, Viride posure to air, it becomes partly converted into СС,
    Æris, Æruca, Calcithos. Subacetate of Copper, carbonate of copper. It is tonic and astringent;
    ( F.) Sous-acétate de Cuivre, Vert-de-gris, Crys- and has been chiefly employed in epilepsy, and
    taux de Vénus, Verdet . This, as usually met other obstinate spasmodic diseases. Dose , gr.
    with, is in masses, difficult to break ; not de- & gradually increased to gr. iv , in pill .
    liquescent ; foliaceous; of a fine bluish-green CUPRUM VITRIOLATUM , Cupri sulphas .
    colour, and salt taste. It is tonic , emetic ,
    6
    CUPULAIRE, (F.) Cupula'ris; from cu'pula,
    escharotic, and detergent ; but scarcely ever a small cup . '
    BA
    CURA , CURATIO 209 CUTANEOUS

    The Cupular Cattery, Cautere cupulaire, CURSUS, Running-c . Matricis, Leucor


    is an iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly rhwa.
    used to cauterize the skin of the cranium in CURVAMEN , Curvature.
    certain diseases, as epilepsy, chronic head- CURVATIO , Campsis .
    ache , &c . CURVATOR COCCY'GIS. Sömmering
    CURA , CURATIO . Attention to , or treat- gives this name to a small bundle of fleshy
    ment or cure of, a disease . R. Keuchen de- fibres , which descends on the middle of the
    fines Cura , é medicine ,' and Curatur, ' the plıy- coccyx, uniting on each side with the ischio
    sician .' Curatio, also , sometimes means purifica- coccygei muscles. It is a part of those muscles.
    tion ; as,Adeps suilla curata . - Scribonius Largus. CURVATURE, Curvutu'ra , Curru'men,
    CURA AVENA'CEA. A decoction of oats and from currus, crooked , ' Cyrto'ma, ( F.) Cour
    succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar bure. The condition of a line or surface,
    are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant. which approximates more or less to the form
    CURA MEDEANA, Transfusion. of an arc ; as the curvatures of the spine , duo .
    CURABLE, Sannb'ilis, Acestos, Tüsimos, ( F.) denum , stomach, &c . Accidental curvatures
    Guérissable. That which is susceptible of cure. of bones are the effect of rickets , or Mollitics
    An epithet applied to both patients and dis. ussium. The Greeks called the curvature of the
    eases . spine , uboş, oxoàios, or hondos, according as the
    CURARE . A very energetic , vegetable deviation was backwards, laterally , or forwards.
    poison , employed by the South American In- CURVED LINES, ( F ) Courbes Lignes.
    dians to poison their arrows. It is obtained Two crooked lines or projections on the poste
    from the bark of a species of convolvulus , rior surface of the occipital bone. They are
    called Vejuco de Marucute. distinguished into superior and inferior. Some
    CURATION , ( F ) Cura'tio , Medela , Sana'- lines on the os innominatum are also so called .
    tio, Ac'esis, Alther'is, Althar'is , Therapei'a , Iusis, CUSCU " TA EPITH'YMUM . The syste.
    &c . The aggregate of means employed for matic name of the Dodder of Thyne . Epith'
    the cure of a disease . See Therapeutics. ymum Cuscu'ta . It is a parasitical plant, pog.
    CU'RATIVE , San'ative. Relating to the sessed of a strong , disagreeable smell ; and a
    cure of a disease . Curatire Indications are pungent taste , very durable in the mouth . It
    those which point out the treatment to be er was once used as a cathartic in melancholia.
    ployed . Curative Treatment, that employed in The Cuscu'ta EUROPE'A, was conceived to
    ihe cure of the disease , in opposition to pre- possess similar properties.
    serratire or prophylactic treniment. We say , CUSPA’RIA FEBRIF'UGA, Bonplan'dia tri
    also , Curutire Process, Curative Means, & c . folia'la, Angustura, Galipa'a febrifuga, Order,
    CURATOR INFIRMORUM , Infir micr. Rutacea . The South American tree , which
    CUR'CUMA LONGA, Curcuma, Borri, furnishes the Cuspa'ria or Angustu'ra Bark ,
    Bor'riborri , Bober´ri, ( Hindusthan,) Crocus ( F. ) Angusture rraie, Quinquina fuur de Vir.
    In'dicus, Terra Merita, Cannacorus radi'ce ginie. Its odour is peculiar ; taste intensely bit.
    crocco , Family, Amomeð Ser. Syst. Monan . ler, and slightly aromatic; pieces thin ; exter
    dria Monogynia. Maye! la, Kun Kuha, Turme. nally, gray and wrinkled; internally, yellow
    ric, ( F. ) Rucine de Sifrun, Sifran des Indes, ish- lawn ; fracture,short and resinous. It yields
    Souchet des Indes. Turmeric root is brought its virtues to water and proof spirit. It is tonic ,
    from the East Indies; but is possessed of very stimulant, and aromatic. Dose, gr. v. to xx or
    little , if any , inedicinal efficacy. It is one of more in powder. This name has been
    the ingredients in the Curry Powder. CUSPIS . A spear.
    CURDS, Curds of Milk , (F.)
    decomposed
    Caillebotte, Lait given to the, aglans
    some agent.
    penis, (q . v.) - Rolônk. It
    caillé. Milk , by meant, also kind of bardage.
    CURE ; from cura, care . ' Cura'tio felir , CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS , Hymen .
    Sana'tio, Sanitas, (F.) Guérison. A restoration CUT , from ( F.) couteau , ' a knife ,' or from
    to health ; also , a remedy. A restorative. West Gothic kota, to cut ;' or from 201TON'I
    CUREDENT, Dentiscalpium . cit.' Cæsu'ra , Tomē, Incis'io , Vulnus simplex,
    A CURE-LANGUE, ( F.) . " Linguæ scalpium
    Tongue-scraper. Àn'instrument of ivory ., common
    Tres's vulnus simplex,forCope,
    expression (F.) Coupure...
    the division or solutionA
    tortoise- shell, &c . , shaped like a knife or rasp, of continuity , made by a sharp instrument.
    for removing the inucous coating, which covers CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, óskin , ' and
    the tongue alter sleep, & c . ambulo, ' I walk . Walking in the skin . An
    CURE -OREILLE . Earpick . epithet given to certain parasitical animals,
    CURETTE , Scoop . which creep under the skin ; such as the
    CURMI , Courmi. Guinea -worin ; and to certain pains felt be
    CURRANT, BLACK , Ribes nigrum - c.tween the skin and flesh, as it were.
    Red , Ribes rubrum . CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator su
    CURRANTS . See Vitis Corinthiaca . percilii.
    CURRY OR CURRIE POWDER . A condi- CUTANEOUS , Cuta'neus, from cutis, ' the
    ment, formed of various spices ; and eaten with skin . ' Belonging to the skin .
    rice , particularly in India. The following is The CUTANEOUS or CUTANEAL NERVES , so
    one of the forms for its preparation . Sem . called, are two in number, and belong to the
    coriand , Zxviii, pip. nigr. 3ij, cayen, zj , rad. upper extremity. They are given off from the
    curcuma , sem .cumini, aa ziij, sem .fænuyr. ziv : brachial plexus. The internal cutaneous, Cu .
    mix . bito cutané, ( Ch . ,) descends along the inner
    CURSUMA HÆMORRHOIDALIS HER- part of the arm , and divides, above the elbow ,
    BA, Ranunculus ficaria . into two branches ; the outermost of which
    27
    CUTCH 210 CYCLISMOS

    follows the outer edge of the biceps , and spreads CUTTING ON THE GRIPE . See Li.

    在
    over the anterior and inner part of the forearm ; thotomy.

    起
    and the innermost accompanies the basilic CUTTLE FISH , Sepia.
    vein ; passing to the corresponding side of the CUTUBUTH . The Arabian physicians have
    hand and little finger. The externalcutaneous, given the name to a species of melancholy, ac
    Radio -cutané, (Ch. ,) Mus'culo- Cutaneus, Perfo- companied with so much agitation , that the
    rans CASSERII, passes outwards , perforates the patients cannot remain tranquil for the space of
    coraco -brachialis ; descends along the anterior an hour.
    and outer part of the arm ; passes as far as the CUURDO CANELLA , Laurus cinnamo.
    iniddle of the fold of the elbow , under the me. mum .
    dian cephalic ; and descends along the anterior CYANOP'ATHY , Cyanopathi'a, Cyano'sis,
    and outer edge of the forearın. At some dis- Morbus cæru'leus, Cærulo'sis'neonato'rum , from
    tance above the wrist , it divides into two zvaros, blue,' and ralos, affection ,' (F.) C
    branches ; an outer , which is distributed on the Maladie bleue, Ictère bleu . A disease, in which
    back of the hand , the thumb, and index finger ; the whole of the surface of the body is coloured
    and an inner, which descends on the muscles blue. It is always symptomatic, and commonly
    of the thumb, into the palm of the hand, and depends on a direct communication between
    divides into fine filaments, which may be the cavities of the right and left side of the
    traced to the fingers. heart . Such coinmunication does not, however, CE
    Chaussier calls the cephalic and basilic veins always occasion the blue disease, but it is ge. ote
    the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous. nerally thought that the disease never exists
    The NERVUS CUTANEUS Minor , of Wris- without this state of parts ; or without some
    berg, also takes its origin from the axillary obstacle to the circulation in the right side of
    plexus, but is more particularly connected with the heart.
    the ulnar nerve . It soon separates from the CYANOSIS , Cyanopathy.
    ulnar nerve , running afterwards between it and CYANUS , Centaurea cyanus. CTO
    the inner side of the arm . A little below the Cyanus ÆGYPTIACUS, Nymphæa nelumbo. CIT
    axilla iš divides into two branches , which are CYANURETUM FERRO -ZINCICUM , 100
    distributed to the arm . Zinci Ferro-hydrocyanas.
    CUTANEOUS EXHALATION AND ABSORPTION , CY'ANUS SEĞ'ETUM , Bluebottle, (F. ) CIL
    are those which take place from the skin . Bluet des Moissons, Barbeau, Aubifoin , Casse CTE
    CUTANEOUS DISEASES, Eruptions, Epiphy': Lunettes. The flowers of this European plant,
    mata, are the numerous affections of a morbid when distilled with water, have been used in
    character , to which the skin is liable . ophthalmia .
    CUTCH , Catechu . CYAR , xvao. “ The eye of a needle,' ' a small CIE
    CUTI , Catechu . hole . ' The Meatus auditorius internus. See gaa
    CUTICULA, Epidermis. Auditory Canal, (internal.) CIE
    CUTIO , Oniscus. CYATHIS'CUS, xvagioxos, diminutive of
    CUTIS, Pellis, Co'rium , Derma, Deris, An- zvaloş, ' a bowl. The concave part of a sound, ‫ما‬
    thrope, Anthropen, Skin , (F.) Peau . A dense , made like a small spoon , as in the case of the
    resisting membrane, of a flexible and extensible earpick .
    nature, which forms the general envelope of the CY'ATHUS, xvaloş , ' a bowl . ' A measure , CIL
    body ; and is continuous with the mucous mem- both of the liquid and dry kind , equal to about Western
    branes , through the different natural apertures . an ounce and a half , or to the 10th part of a IL
    It is formed of three distinct layers -- thie epider- pint. According to Pliny and Galen , about 10 pliada
    mis, rete mucosum , and corium . Some anato- drachms. licj
    mists, however, separate it into several others . CYATHUS CEREBRI , Infundibulum of the brain ,
    Its outer surface is covered by a number of small CYBE , Head . liu
    l
    eminences , called papillæ , which are generally CYBITON , Cubitus . CILI
    regarded as eminently nervous and vascular. CYBOIDES , Cuboid .
    The skin is our medium of communication CYC'EON, XUXEM) , from xuxaw, ' I mix to.
    with external bodies. It protects thesubjacent gether.' Thé ancient name of a medicine of LIM
    parts ; is the seat of touch , and, through it, are the consistence of pap, composed of wine , tre,
    exhaled the watery parts of the blood , which water , honey, flour, barley meal , and cheese .
    are not needed in the nutrition of the body . Hippocr .
    The state of the skin , as regards heat and CYC'LAMEN EUROPÆUM , Sarthani'ta, CIN
    dryness, affords us useful information in our (q . v .) A. cyd'lamen , Cyclaminus, Cyssan'themon ,
    pathological investigations . Its colour, too, Cyssophyl’lon, Panis porci'nus, Cus'amum, Chy ( TX
    requires attention : the paleness of disease is as li nē, sow -bread .' Fam . Primulaceæ . Ser .
    characteristic as the rosy complexion ofhealth . Syst. l'entandria Monogynia. (F.) Pain de
    The colour of the skin varies according to the Pourccau . The fresh root is said to be acrid,
    age, sex, & c. As a general principle, it is finer te sth
    bitter, drastic,
    in the female and child than in the male and For external useand anthelmintic. Dose, zj.
    , see Arthanita .
    adult. In old age it beconies light- coloured , CYCLE , Cyclus, from auxios, ' a circle . ' A
    thin , and dry . It likewise varies according to period or revolution of a certain number of
    the races , & c . years. The Methodists gave this name to an
    Cutis ANSERINA , Horrida cutis — c. Carnosa, aggregate of curative means, continued during
    Carnosus panniculus - c. Extima , Epidermis- a certain number of days . Nine was the usual
    c. Linguæ, see Tongue - c. Suilla , Couenne number .
    c . Summa, Epidermis - c. Ultima, Epidermis . CYCLISMOS . A troch , Trochis'cos , (q. v.) fon
    CUTITIS , Erysipelatous inflammation . The name was also given to a circular kind of
    CYCLOCEPHALUS 211 CYNANCHE

    rasp; as well as Cyclis'cus. They have the na ulcero'sa , Febris epidem'ica cum Angi'nā,
    same etymon as cycle . Empresma Paristhmi'tis Maligna, Tonsilldrum
    CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, from xvxdos, “a circle,' gangræ'na, Cynanchè epidem'ica, c , pur'puro
    and xeyann, head . ' A monster, whose eyes parotidæa, Cynanché ulcero'sa, Epidem'ica gut
    are in contact , or united in one . luris lues , Pes'tilens fau'cium affec'tus, Pædan'.
    CYCLOPHORIA, from xvxhos , a circle, chone, (?) Ulcus syr'iacum , Garrotiſlo, Car
    and gegw, ' I bear. The circulation (q. v.) of bun'culus angino'sus, c. Ulcusculo'sa, Angina
    the blood or other fluids. epidemica, A. gangræno'sa ,A. malig'na, Putrid,
    CYCLO PIA . Same etymon as Cyclops. Úlcerous Sore Throat,(F.) Angine gangreneuse,
    State of a monster that has both eyesunited A. Maligne. It is characterized by crimson red
    into one. Called, also, Monopsia and Rhinen- ness of the mucous membrane of the fauces
    cephalia. and tonsils ; ulcerations , covered with mucus,
    CYCLOPS, xvxhory, from xvx205 , “an orb or and spreading , sloughs, of an ash or whitish
    circle, and wy ,' an eye .' Monoc'ulus, Monops, hue ; ihe accompanying fever typhus. It is often
    Monophthalmus, Monom'matos,Unioc'ulus,Unoc- epidemic, and generally contagious; and is
    ulus. A monster having but one eye, and that frequently found accompanying scarlet fever,
    placed in Cyclops
    fabulous the middle
    .
    of the forehead, like the giving rise to the variety, Scar latina maligna.
    The general treatment is the same as in
    CYCLOTOME, Cyclot'omus, from xvxãos , ' a typhus ; and stimulant antiseptic gargles must
    circle,' and Teuveiv, to cut.' An instrument, be used, consisting, for example,of the decoc
    composed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade , tion of bark and muriatic acid.
    by means of which the ball of the eye can be CYNANCHE MAXILLARIS, c . parotidæa-c .
    fixed, whilst the cornea is cut. It wasinvented Purpuro-parotidæa, Cynanche maligna.
    by a surgeon of Bordeaux , named Guérin, for CynanCHE PAROTID Æ'A , Empres'ma Paroti'.
    extracting the cataract. It is not used .
    CYCLUS,Circulus. tis, Parotitis, Cynan'che Parotides, Angina Maz
    illa'ris, Gissa, Angina externa, Angi'na parotida'a
    CYDONIA’TUM , Cydo'natum, Diacydoni'tes. exter'na, Parotis cpidem'ica , P. contagio'sa , P.
    A compositionof the Cydonia mala orquinces, spu'ria, Parotis sero'so ylu'tinë tu'mens, Cynan '.
    with the addition of spices. - Paulus of Ægina. che marilla'ris, Inflamma'tio parotidum , Infla'.
    CYDONIUM MALUM. See Pyrus cydonia, tio paro'tidum ,Catar'rhus Bellinsula'nus,Branks
    CYE'MA , xurua, from now , I conceive . ' ( Scotch ,) Mumps, ( F. ) Oreillons . The charac
    Conception. Likewise the product of conception. teristic symptoms are :-a painful tumour ofthe
    See Embryo and Fætus. gland, not of the suppurative kind; and
    CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolog"ia,from xurpis, parotid
    frequently extending to the maxillary gland.
    pregnancy , and coyos, ' a description .' The It is very conspicuousexternally, and is often
    doctrine of Gestation . accompanied with swelling of the testes in the
    CYESIS, Conception , Fecundation, Prego male, and of the mamme in the female ; the
    nancy : being sometimes absorbed afterwards. It
    CYLICH'NĒ , Cylichnis. A pill-box or testes epidemic,and apparently
    is
    earthenware pot, or small cup ; fronı xvhus , ' a treatment is very simple; the contagious. The
    adoption merely
    cup.'-- Galen , Foësius . of the antiphlogistic plan, under which it usually
    CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes - C . soon disappears. When inflammation of the
    Membranaceæ renum , see Calx . mammæ or testes supervenes , it must be treated
    CYL'INDROID Cylindroï'des
    , idiopathic
    from x vàırdoos , as if .
    cylinder , ' and adoç, form .' Having the form CYNANCHE PHARYNGEA , Empres'ma Paris.
    of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Am- thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngi'tis,
    monis,-Protubérance cylindroide. Parasynan'chè, Angina, inflammatoriæ , Sp. iv.
    CYLINDROIDES , Teres. -( Boerhaave . ) ( F.) Angine Pharyngée, Catar.
    CYLLOʻSIS , xualvors. Lameness , mutila- the phyaryngien .
    tion , or vicious conformation .'--Hippocrates . This disease can hardly be said to differ,in
    Galen . See Kyllosis. pathology or treatinent, from the Cynanche
    CYMATO’DES , Undosus, from xvna , a tonsillaris. The same may be remarked of the
    wave , ' and aidos , rese :nblance .' The vacilla Cynanche Esophagea, (Esophugi'tis.
    ting, undulatory character of the pulse in weak CYNANCHE PRUNELLA, c. tonsillaris .
    individuals.
    CYMBALARIS , Cricoid . CYNANCHE TONSILLA'ris , Emprésma Paris.
    thmi'tis Tonsilla'ris, Synanchi, Cynanche fau '.
    CYNAN'CHĒ, Angina, from xvov, ' a dog ,' cium , Amygdali'tis, Tonsilli'tis, Cymun'che Pru
    and ay 70), 'I suffocale,' (?) Sore Throat, Para. nel'la, Dyspha' gia' inflammato'ria, Antiaditis,
    cynan'che, Paristh'mia , Synan'che, Pruneļla, Angina inflammuto'ria, Common Squinancy ,
    Squinan'thia, Empres'ma Paristhmi'tis, Caumi equinsy or Quinsy, ( F.) Amygdalite, Angine
    Paristhmi'tis, Isthmi'tis, Paristhmi'tis, • Dog tonsillaire, Esquinancie, Squinancie, Catarrhe
    choak .' Inflammation of the supradiaphragma. guttural, Angine gutturale. The characteristic
    tic portion of the alimentary canal, and of the symptoms of this affection are , swelling and
    lining membrane of the upper part of the florid redness of the mucous membrane of the
    air-passages. (F.) Angine, Esquinancie,Mal de fauces, and especially of the tonsils; painful
    Gorge, Synancie, Squinancie, kinancie . It com- and impeded deglutition , accompanied with in.
    prises the following chief varieties . flammatory fever. It is generally ascribed to
    CYNANCHE EPIDEMICA, Cynanche maligna- cold ,and is one of the most common affections
    o . Faucium , C. tonsillaris -- c. Gangrænosa, of cold and temperate climates. It usually goes
    Cynanche maligna - c. Laryngea, Laryngitis . off by resolution, but frequently ends in sup .
    CYNANCHE MALIG'RA, C. gangræno'ša , Ingi'- puration .
    CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS, &c. 212 CYPHOMA

    order
    Common sore throat is an affection of no con- in which the patient believes himself changed
    sequence. It requires merely rest , and the ob- into a dog ; and imitates the voice and habits
    servance of the antiphlogistic regimen . When of that animal.
    more violent - in addition to this ;-purgatives , CYN'ARA or CIN'ARA SCOL'YMUS . The
    inhalation of the steam of warm water, acid , or systematic name of the Artichoke, Alcoc'alum , CT
    emollient gargles ; rubefacients externally , or Articoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus lævis, Costus nigra , CT.
    sinapisms or blisters. When suppuration must Carduus Sati'vus non spino'sus, Cinara horten '.
    inevitably occur, the continued use of the in- sis, Scolymus sati'rus, Carduus suti'ous, Car' . CY .
    haler must be advised, and an opening be made duus domesticus capite majore, Carduus al'tilis,
    into the abscess as soon as it shall have formed. (F.) Artichaut. Fumily, Carduaceæ . Ser. Syst. CTE
    If the patient is likely to be suffocated by the Syngenesia Polygamia æqualis. Indigenous pared
    tumefaction , bronchotomy may be necessary. in the southern parts of Europe ; much used as Estra
    ke
    CynancHE STRIDULA, C. trachealis. an agreeable article of diet . The juice of the
    CynancHE TRACHE A'lis ; the Cynanche la leaves, mixed with wbite wine , has been given
    ryngén of some . Suffoca'tio stridula , Angina in dropsies,
    pernicio'sa, Asthma Infan'tum ,Cynunche stridula, CYNICUS, from rvou , 'a dog.' Cynic. Re CI :
    Catar'rhus suffocati'rus, Burbäden'sis, Angina lating to , or resembling, a dog. Cynic spasm CT :
    polypo'sa sive membrana'cea sive pulpo'sa, Em . is a convulsive contraction of the muscles of CE
    pres'ma Bronchi'tis, Angina inflammatoria, A. one side of the face - dragging the eye, cheek , (TRE
    suffocatoʻria , A exsudato'ria , Orthopna'a cynan'- mouth , nose , & c . to one side. See Canine . CTEL
    chica , Pædan'chonë, (? ) A. Trachea'lis, Morbus CYNOCOPRUS, Album græcum . CTE
    Strangulato'rius, Trachi'tis, Tracheitis, Trache- CYNOCRAMBE , Mercurialis perennis . CIR
    li'tis, Diphtheri'tis trachea'lis, Expectoru'lio So. CYNOCTONON , Aconitum . 151
    lida , Cauma Bronchitis, Anginu canina, Croup , CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina . CTS
    Hires, Choak , Stuffing, Rising of the lights. A CYNODEC'TOS, from nuwr, a dog , ' and CTS
    disease characterized by sonorous and suffoca- dri70), ' I bite .' One , who has been bitten by a CTS
    tive breathing; harsh voice; cough, ringing or dog - Dioscorides. CTS
    like the barking of a dog ; fever, highly inflam- CYNODENTES, Canine teeth . Buna
    matory. It is apt to be speedily attended with CYNODESMION , Frænum penis . Barn
    the formation of a false membrane, which lines CYNOGLOS'SUM , from zvon, “ a dog, ' and CTS
    the trachea beneath the glottis and occasions wooa , a tongue.' Cynoglos'sum officina'le, CIS
    violent dyspnea and suffocation , but is some - Lingua cani'na, Hound's tongue, Caballation ,
    times expectorated. The dyspnea, as in all | (F . ) Langue de Chien . Family, Boragineæ. CTS
    other affections of the air-passages ,has evident Ser. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It is aro 14 ,
    exacerbations. It differs in its character in dif- matic and mucilaginous , and has been supposed teele,
    ferent situations ; being infinitely more inflam- to be possessed of narcotic properties .
    matory in some places than in others, and hence CYNOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the CIS
    the success obtained by different modes of treat- vertebræ . ter, ar
    ment. It chiefly affects children, and is apt to CYNOLYSSA , Hydrophobia. 1 ជ
    recur, but the subsequent attacks are usually CYNOMOIA , Plantago psyllium . CTS
    less and less se vere. CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM , from ter, an
    As a general principle, it requires the most ziuv, a dog ,' and moglov , “ the penis.' (F. ) Als ,a
    active treatmeni; bleeding from the arm or Champignon de Malte . Improperly called Fun Eee .
    neck , so as to induce paleness; leeches applied gus Meliten'sis or the Fungus of Malta, as it is CI
    ranS
    to the neck , & c . , according to the age, -the not a fungus. The powder has been given as n
    warm bath , blisters to the neck or chest, and an astringent in hemorrhage, dysentery, &c. tute, I
    purgatives. Forinidable as the disease may be, CYNOREXIA , Boulimia. CTS
    if this plan be followed early , it will generally CYNORRHODON , Rosa canina. der : 2
    be successful . Many specifics have been recom- CYNOSBATOS , Rosa canina.
    Rube
    mended for it, but ihe search has been idle and CYNOSORCHIS , Orchis mascula . Det
    fruitless. CYNOSPASTUM , Rosa canina. trie,w
    CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS SPASMO . CYON , zvour . This word sometimes signifies
    176551

    DICA, Asthina acutum - c . Ulcerosa, Cynan- theCYOPH


    che Maligna .
    frænum of the Pregnan
    prepuce ; at others, the penis. CT :
    ORIA , cy .
    CYNANCHICA . CYPARISSUS. Cupressus sempervirens.
    Medicines used in cases
    of quinsy were formerly so called . CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM , Lawsonia in
    CYNÁN'CHUM . Same etymon . A genus ermis.
    of plants, of which the following are used in CY'perus Longus, from xu70005, ' a round
    medicine. vessel , ' which its roots have been said to resem.
    CYNANCHUM VOMITO'RIUM , Ipecacuan'ha of ble . Galungnle , (F.) Souchet odorant. It pos
    the Isle of France. As its name imports , this sesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is not
    plant resembles the ipecacuanha in properties, used. See , also , Dorstenia Contrayerva. Cr:
    It is emetic , in the dose of from 12 to 24 grains Cyperus Oporus, Dorstenia contrayerva-c . Bladd
    in powder . Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva.
    CYNANCHUM MONSPELIACUM, Scum 'mony of CYPERUS Rotun'bus ; the Round Cyperus, AR
    Montpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish (F.) Souchet rond. It isa more gratefully aro
    kind of gum resin , which is purgative, and but matic bitter than the C. Longus. ht
    little used . CYPHO'MA, Cyphus , Cypho'sis, Cyrto'ma,
    CYNANTHEMIS , Anthemis cotula . Cyrto'sis, Opisthocyphu'sis, from xvqos, ' gib. ಗಿಡ u
    CYNANTHROPIA, from xuov, dog ,' and bous.' Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral
    a &00"705 ,' a men .' A variety of melancholia, Column, &c. Čyrtosis forins a genus in the C
    CYPHOSIS 213 CYSTITOME

    order Dysthetica and class Hæmatica of Good , Cystic Duct , Ductus cysticus, Mea'tus cys'.
    and is defined : " head bulky, especially ante- ticus, the duct proceeding from the gall-bladder ,
    riorly ; stature short and incurvated ; flesh flab- which , by its union with the hepatic, forms the
    by , tabid, and wrinkled . ' It includes Cretin- ductus communis choledochus.
    ism and Rickets , Cystic Oxide Calculi, see Calculi .
    CYPHOSIS , Gibbositas . See Hump. Cystic Sarcoʻma , of AB'ERNETHY, Emphy'
    CYPRÈS, Cupressus sempervirens. ma Sarcoma cellulo'sum . Tumour, cellulose or
    CYPRESS , Cupressus sempervirens-c . cystose ; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized,
    .
    CYPRINUMOLEUM, Oilof Cypress ; pre. Found in"he thyroid glands (forming broncho
    pared of olive oil , cypress flowers, calamus, cele,) testis , ovarium , & c .
    myrrh , cardamom , inula, bitumen of Judæa , Cy's'tica , Cystic Remedies. Such medicines
    & c. It was formerly employed in certain dis- as were formerly believed proper for combating
    eases of the uterus , pleurisies, &c., and was diseases of the bladder.
    regarded to be both stimulant and emollient. CYSTICER'CUS, from * VOTIŞ , " a bladder,'
    CYPRIUM , Cuprum . and zepxos , a tail .' A genus of Entozoa of the
    CYPSELE , Cerumen . Family of the Hydatids, distinguished by the
    CYRCEON , Auus. caudal vesicle in which the cylindrical or
    CYRTOIDES , Cuboid . slightly depressed body of the animal termi.
    CYRTOMA , Curvature , Cyphoma. nates. The Cysticercus cellulosa has been often
    CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis . found in the cellular membrane .
    CYRTOSIS , Cyphoma - c. Cretinisinus , Cre- CYSTINURIA , Urine, Cystinic .
    tinism - c . Rachia , Rachitis. CYSTINX , Vesicula .
    CYSSANTHEMON C, yclamen . CYSTIPHLOGIA , Cystitis .
    CYSSAROS , Anus, Rectum . CYSTIRRHAGIA , from xUOTIŞ , ' the blad.
    CYSSOPHYLLON , Cyclamen. der,' and gyro, ' I break forth .' Hemorrhage
    CYSSOʻTIS , from xvớos, the anus.' In from the bladder. ( F.) Heinorrhagie de la Vessie.
    flamination of the lower part of the rectum : By someused synonymously with Cystirrhæa.
    Proctitis, (9 v .;) tenesmus. CYSTIRRH @ ' A , from XVOTIS , ' the bladder,'
    CYST , Kyst. and pew), ' I flow .' Paru'ria Stillati''tia Muco
    CYSTALGIA, from xvotis,- the bladder," sa, Blennu'ria, Blennorrha'a urinulis, B. nesi'
    and ulyos, ' pain . Pain in the bladder. cæ , Cysto -blenorrha'a, Cystorrhæ'a , Urina muco
    CYSTAUCHENOTOMIA, Cystotrachelo. sa, Cystocatar'rhus, Dysu'ria Mucosa, Pyu'ria
    to'mia, from xvotis, ^ a bladder,' avqir, the Mucosa , P. viscida, P. scro'sa, Morbus cysto
    neck,'and toun, incision.' An incision into phlegmaticus, Catar'rhus vesi'cæ, (F.) Flut mu
    the neck of the bladder. queux de la vessie. Catarrhe résical. A copi
    CYSTENCEPHALUS , from xvonis, ' blad- ous discharge of mucus from the bladder, pass,
    der, ' and repain, ' head.' A monster having ing out with the urine , and generally attended
    a head with a vesicular brain .- G . St. Hilaire. with dysuria. It is commonly dependent upon
    CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from xvotış ,' the blad- an inflammatory or subinflammatory condition
    der,' and a hos, ' a stone.' Stone in the bladder. of the lining membrane . The treatment must
    Also , a medicine, employed to dissolve or break be regulated by the cause . If it be not pro
    stone . duced by an extraneous body : the antiphlo.
    CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Vesica Irritabilitas, gistic plan,—the exhibition of warm diluents,
    from xvotış , ' the bladder,' and spedito, ' I irri- and keeping the surface in a perspirable state,
    tate ,' Irritability of the bladder. by wearing flannel . Some of the turpentines
    CYSTREPATICUS, from avotis, ' the blad . may, at times, be given with advantage ; and
    der ; ' and ónao, the liver. Belonging to the astringent or other appropriate injections be
    gall - bladder and liver. This name was given, thrown into the bladder.
    formerly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the CYSTIS, Urinary bladder - c . Choledochus,
    bile, which were supposed to pass directly from Gall - bladder-c . Féllea , Gall- bladder-c. Se
    the liver to the gall bladder. rosa, Hygroma.
    CYSTHEPATOLITHIASIS , from xvỢTIS , CYSTI'TIS, from xuoris , ' the bladder. ' In
    the bladder,'úrap, the liver, and 1191uais, flamma'tio Vesi'ca ,Cystiphlo'gia , Cystophlo'gia ,
    . pain, caused by a calculus.' It has been pro - Inflammation of the bladder. (F.) Inflammation
    posed to call thus, the symptoms caused by the de la vessie ; characterized by pain and swelling
    presence of biliary calculi. See Calculi , biliary. in the hypogastric region ; discharge ofIturine
    may
    CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. painful or obstructed , and tenesmus.
    CYSTHOS, Anus. affect one or all of the membranes ; but com
    CYSTIC, Cys'ticus, from xvoris ,' a bladder. ' ionly it is .confined to the mucous coat . In
    Belonging to the gall-bladder. the chronic condition , it appears in the form of
    Cystic BilE. Bile contained in the gall- cystirrhea. It must be treated upon the same
    bladder. energetic principles , that are required in other
    ARTERIA Cys'TICA ; the Cystic Artery is cases of internal inflammation . V. 8. general
    given off from the right branch of the hepatic, and local , the warm bath , and warm fomenta
    and divides into two branches,which proceed tions, warm , soothing enemata, diluents, & c.
    to the gall-bladder. It is accompanied by two Cantharides must be avoided , even in the way
    cystic veins, which open into the vena porta ab . of blisters, unless with precautions, as the dis
    dominalis. ease is often occasioned by them .
    Cystic Calcull. Calculi formed in the gall- Cystitis FELLEA, Cholecystitis.
    bladder . CYSTITOME, ' Cystit'umus, Kibis'titome,
    CYSTO-BLENNORRHEA 214 CYTOBLASTOMA

    from XVOTIS , ' the bladder,' and TeurELV, ' to cut.' CYSTOSOMATOMIA , Cystosomatotomia,
    An instrument, invented by Lafaye, for di- from xvotiÇ , ' the bladder ,' Ourua, .body ,' and
    viding the anterior part of the capsuleof thecrys - Tour, incision. ' An incision into the body of
    talline in the operation of extracting the cata- the bladder.
    ract. It was formed like the Pharyngotome. CYSTOSPASTIC , Cystospas'ticus, from
    CYSTO- BLENNORRHEA , Cystirrhæa. XVOTIŞ , “ the bladder,' and onow , I contract.'
    CYSTO -BU'BONOCE'LĒ, from xvotis, ' the Relating to spasın of the bladder, and particu.
    bladder,' povpur, the groin, ' and xran, ' a tu- larly of its sphincter.
    mour . ' Hernia of the bladder through the ab CYSTOTHROM'BOID , Cystothromboi'des,
    dominal ring . from XvOTIS, the bladder,' and 9 pom pos , 6
    a
    CYSTO -CATARRHUS. Cystirrhea. clot .' Relating to the presence of clots in the pos
    CYSTOCE'LĒ , Cystoce'lia , from XUOTIS , " the bladder .
    CYS'TOTOME, Cystotomus
    bladder,' and xrin, a tumour. Hernia of the bladder ,' and TeuvELV ,' to cut. , from instr
    x votis , the
    uments,
    I
    bladder . (F. ) Hernie de la Vessie.. It is not intended for cuttingthe bladder.An Instrument Be
    [
    cominon . It occurs , most frequently, at the of this kind have been more frequently , although
    abdominal ring , less so at the crural arch, for
    næum , vagina, and foramen thyroideum .peri it very improperly ,called Lithotom es.
    CYSTOTOM’I
    may exist alorie, or be accompanied by a sac, thebladder, , same s.
    SectioA resica'li etymon . Incision
    Cystoto of
    miu means D
    containing some abdominal viscus. T'he tu . cutting into the bladder for any purpose . (F. )
    Incision dela vessie. Commonly , it is applied
    mour is softand Auctuating ; disappears on pres.
    sure, and increases in size, when the urine is to the puncturing of the bladder, for the pur
    retained. It must be reduced and kept in po: pose of removingthe urine; whilst Lithotomy D
    sition by a truss. The Vaginal cystocele is kept has been employed for the incisions ,made with D
    in place by a pessary .
    BIL'LARY CIS'Tocele, is an imaginary hernia the view of extracting calculi from the bladder.
    of the gall - bladder. CISTOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystauchen
    CYSTODYNIA , from xvotIS , ' the bladder ,'
    and oduvn, ' pain . ' Pain of the bladder ; par otomia .
    CYTÄINUS, Cytinus Hypocis'tus, Hypocistus,
    D
    ticularly rheumatic pain . D
    CYSTO- LITHIASIS, Calculi, vesical. A small , parasitical plant, which grows in the D
    CYSTO -LITHIC , Cystolith'icuș,from x votis, the of France
    Southwoody cistus. in Greece
    andThe juice , of its roots
    on the of
    fruit is
    the bladder,'and 21905, “ a stone .' Relating to acid , and very astringent. It is extracted by
    stone in the bladder. D
    CYSTO -MEROCE'LĒ, from xvotis, the expression, and converted into an extract,
    bladder,' pepOs, ' the thigh,' and xnan, - hernia . ' which was called Succus Hypocis'ti,and was for
    Femoral hernia, formed by the bladder's pro merly much used in hemorrhages, diarrhea, &c . D
    truding beneath the crural arch.
    CYTISI'NA , Cytisine . An immediate ve.
    CYSTON'CUS, from xuonia, the bladder,' getable principle,discovered by Chevalier and
    and ογκος,, a tuniour,' Swelling of theblad. Lassaigne, in theseeds of the Cytisus Labur'. D
    der . num or Bean - Trefoiltree. Family ,Leguminosæ .
    Sex . Syst. properties
    CYSTO- PHLEGMATIC , Cystophlegmať analogous emetine. Cytisine
    DiadelphiatoDecandria. In the dosebas
    of
    icus, from ZVORIS , the bladder , and yeypta , D
    <
    mucus, phlegm .' Belonging to the vesical one or two grains, it produces vomiting and
    mucus . Morbus cyslophleginat'icus, Cystir- purging; and, in a stronger dose, acts as an
    Ihæa . poison. The Cytisus
    seeds of the Labur.
    CYSTOPHLOGIA , Cystitis . num , ( F.) Aubours, have been long known to D
    CYSTOPLASTIC , Cysloplasticus: from xvo- produce
    CYTISMAvomiting and purging
    HERPES .
    , Herpes.
    TIS, ' the bladder,' and whooow , ' I form .' An CYTISO GENISTA , Spartium scoparium .
    epithet for operations for the cure of fistulous CYTISUS- LABURNUM . See Cytisine.
    openings into the bladder ; sometimes restrict.
    ed to the cure by translation of skin from a fromCYTI'TIS, Scyti'tis,
    xutos, ' the Dermali'tis,
    skin , and Dermitis,
    itis, denoting in
    neighbouring part.
    CYSTOPLEG " IC , Cystopleg'icus. Belong flammation .' Inflammation of the skin .
    ing to paralysis of the bladder ; from κυστις ,, CYTOBLAST, from XUTOS, ' cell ,' and
    the bladder ,' and 717,000 , I strike . ' Blactos, ' germ ,' Germ'inal cell, Nu'cleus. A
    CYSTOPLEX'IA, samé etymon . Paralysis primary cell, from which all animal and ve
    of the bladder. getable bodies are presumed to be formed.
    CYSTOPTO'SIS , from xuotis, the bladder, Schwann and Schleiden . be
    and UNTELY, ' to fall.' Relaxation of the inner CYTOBLASTOMA ; same etymon . Inter
    membrane of the bladder , which projects into cellular substance . The gum or mucus , in the
    the canal of the urethra . vegetable , and probably the liquor sanguinis
    CYSTOPY'IC , Cystopyicus, from xvoris, ' the after transudation from the vessels, in the ani.
    bladder,' and avov, -pus. Relating to suppu- mal, in a state fully prepared for the formation D
    ration of the bladder. of the tissues . - Schwann and Schleiden .
    CYSTORRHEA, Cystirrhæa. CYTTAROS, Glans.

    ‫ܪ‬
    DABACH 215 DAPHNE

    D.

    The figure of the Greek a , according to two-fifths to four.fifths long, which has been
    Galen , was the sign for the quartan fever. found in the urine .
    DABACA , Viscum album . DACTYLODOCHME , Dochme .
    DACNE'RON , duxn,qor , from daxray, ' to DACTYLOS, duxtvàoş , Dig''itus, (q . v . ) ' a
    bite .' An ancient name for a collyrium ,' com- finger. ' The smallest measure of the Greeks,
    posed of oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh , the sixth part of a font.
    saffron , gum arabic , and opium . DACTYLOTHE’KÉ, δακτυλοθηκη, from
    DACRY, Dac'ryon, daxpu, duxqvov, ' a tear : dax Tvos, a finger,' and Anxn, “ a case or
    Hence : sheath . An instrument for keeping the fingers
    DACRYADENAL'GIA , Dacryoadenal'gia , extended, when wounded.- Ambrose Paré.
    from daxquw, ' 1 weep,' adnu, a gland,' and DACTYLUS , Date .
    ałyos, pain . ' Disease or pain in the lachrymal DÆDA'LEA SUAV'EOLENS, Bole'tus Sali
    gland . cis. ( F.) Bolet odorant . A champignon , which
    DACRYADENI'TIS, Dacryoadeni'tis ; from grows on the trunks of old willows. It has a
    da xovw , ' I weep, ' a8rv, ' a gland , ' and itis. In- smell of anise , which is penetrating and agree
    flammation of the lachrymal gland . able : and has been recommended in phthisis
    DACRY DION , Convolvulus scammonia . pulmonalis in the dose of a scruple four times
    DACRYGELO'SIS, from duxquu , ‘ I weep , ' a day.
    and yahaw, ' I laugh . A kind of insanity, in DÆDALEA SUAVEOLENS, Boletus suaveolens.
    which the patient weeps and laughs at the same DÆDALUS , Hydrargyrum .
    tiine . DÆDION , Bougie.
    DACRYNOMA, Epiphora . DÆMONOMANIA , Demonomania .
    DACRYOADENALGIA, Dacryadenalgia. DÆS, Tædæ .
    DACRYOADENITIS , Dacryadenitis. DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
    DACRYOBLENNORRHE'A , from darovw , DAISY , COMMON , Bellis - d.ox -eye, Chry .
    I weep ,' Bievra, ' mucus,' and pew, ' I fow .' santhemum leucanthemum .
    Discharge of tears mixed with mucus . DALBY'S CARMIN'ATIVE . A celebrated
    DACŘYOCYSTAL'GIA, from duxovw , I empirical remedy, much used as a carminative
    weep ,' XUOtış , ' a sac,' and alyos , 'pain .' Dis- for children. The following is a form for its
    ease or pain in the lachrymal sac. preparation : ( Magnesiæ alis. Jij , ol . menthe
    DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, from duxovov , ' a tear , ' piper. gtt.j , ol. nuc. moschat. gtt. iij, ol. anisi,
    and notis, bladder .' Inflammation of the git. iij, tinct,castor. gtt. xxx , linct . asafæliil. gtt.
    lachrymal sac. xv , tinct. opii, glt. v, sp. pulegii, glt. xv, tinct.
    DACRYODES, dazouwdrs, lachrymo'sus, cardam. c. gtt. xxx,aquæ mentha pip: zij. M. )
    from duzovo , ‘ I weep. A sanious ulcer, a A Committee of the Philadelphia College of
    weeping sore. Pharmacy recommend the following form . -
    DACRYO'MA. Same etymon . The effu. (Aquæ, Ox, Sacchar. alb. 3xxxij , Carbon. Po
    sion of tears , occasioned by an occlusion of tass. Zss, Carb. Mag. Zxij, Tinct. Opii f. 3vj ,
    the puncta lachrymalia. - Vogel. Ol. menth . piper. Ol. Carui, 01. AnethiFænicul.
    DACRYON , Tear. aa f. Jij. M.)
    DACRYOPE'US , from daxova , ' I weep ,' DANSON , Prunum Damascenum -d . Tree ,
    and 710180), · I make . ' A substance , which ex- Prunus domestica .
    cites the secretion of tears, as the onion , horse- DANCING , Salta'tio, ( F. ) Danse. A kind of
    radish , garlic, &c . exercise and amusement, composed of a suc
    DAC RYOPS, from daxquu , ' I weep ,' and cession of motions, gestures, and attitudes,
    ww , ' the eye . A tumefaction of the lachrymal executed by measured steps to the sound of the
    passages. voice or musical instrument. It is a healthy
    DACTYLE'THRA , DACTYLI'THRA , exercise .
    δακτυλήθρα, δακτυλιθρα, from δακτυλος , a fin . DANDELION , Leontodon taraxacum .
    ger.' A name given by the ancients to dif- DANDRIFF , Pityriasis .
    ferent topical applications, having the form of DANDY , Dengue.
    a finger ; and proper for being introduced into DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    the throat to excite vomiting. A spring, a league and a half from Upsal , in
    DACTYLETUS , Hermodactylus. Sweden. The waters contain carbonic acid ,
    DACTYL’ION, Dactylium , from daxtulos, holding in solution carbonate of iron , sulphate
    ( a finger.' The union of the fingers with each of iron, sulphate of soda and lime , muriate of
    other. This affection is generally congenital. soda, and silica. It is frequently employed in
    But it may be owing to burns, ulcerations , in- medicine.
    flammation of the fingers, & c . DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus.
    DACTY'LIOS , from dux Tvàoş , ' a finger,' a DANGA , Dengue .
    troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. DANICH ; an Arabic word , signifying the
    DACTYLITIS , Paronychia. weight of 8 grains.
    DACTYLIUS, from dux tuilos , ann'ulus, ' a DANSE, Dansing - d. de St. Guy, Chorea - d .
    ring. The Dactylius aculeatus is a worm of a de St. Witt, Chorea.
    light colour, annulated, cylindrical, but taper- DAPHNE , Laurus.
    ing slightly towards both extremities ; from DAPHNE Alpina, Chamæle'a , Chamæla'a ,
    DAPHNÉ BOISGENTIL 216 DEAFNESS

    Widow -wail. Family, Thymelææ , Scr. Syst. A disease of the eye--the same as Trachoma,
    Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. but less in degree. - Aëlius, Gorræus.
    An acrid , volatile , alkaline principle has been DASYTES. Same etymon. Roughness,
    separated from the bark of this plant by M. particularly of the tongue and voice . C
    Vauquelin , to which he has given the name DATE , Palmula , Dactylus, Balanos Phe ' .
    Daphnine. The plants of this genus owe their nicos, the fruit of the Phænir Dactylif'era, (F.)
    vesicating property to this principle . Datte. The unripe date is astringent. When
    DAPHNÉ BOISGENTIL, Daphne meze- ripe it resembles the fig. The juice of the tree
    reum - d . Flax - leaved, Daphne gnidium -d . is refrigerant.
    Garou. Daphne gnidium . DATE PLUM , INDIAN , Diospyrus lotus.
    DATTE, Date.'
    DAPHNE GNID'IUM , Thymela'a, Cneo'ron, Daturine .
    Spurge Flar, Flax- leaved Daphne. The plant DATU'RA, Datura StramO'NTUM , Stramo
    which furnishes theGaroubark . (F.) Daphné coc'culon , Sold'num maniacum , 'nium
    Stramonium
    , Bary
    Garou, Sain -bois. It is chiefly used , when
    used at all , for exciting irritation on the skin . spino'sum,
    Solanum fæl'idum , Stramonium
    The Grana Gnidia, (see Cnidia grana) are majus album , Thorn Apple. James-town Weed.
    acrid poisons like all the plants of this genus, Jimston Weed. ( F.) Stramoine, Pomme épineuse. [
    when taken in quantity. “According toothers, The herbaceous part of the plant and theseeds [
    the garou bark and grana gnidia are obtained are the parts used in medicine . They are nar.
    from the daphne laureola . cotic and poisonous ;-are given internally as 1
    DAPHNE LAUREOLA. The systematic name narcotics and antispasmodics, and applied ex
    of the Spurge Laurel , Laureola. The bark of ternally as sedatives, in the form of fomenta
    this plant has siinilar properties to the last. tion. The seeds are smoked like tobacco , in
    DAPHNE MEZE'REUM , 'the systematic name asthma. The dose of the powder, is gr. j to
    of the Meze'reon, Mezereum , Spurge olive. (F. ) gr.DA'TURINE,
    viii. Daturi'na, Datu'ria, Datu ' .
    Daphné Boisgentil. The bark of the mezereon
    possesses analogous properties to the other va rium . The active principle of the Datura
    rieties of Daphne. It is considered stimulant Stramonium , separated by Brandes , a German
    and diaphoretic ; and , in large doses , is emetic.cheinist. It has not been rendered available in
    It has been employed in syphilitic cases, but medicine.
    its efficacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar, DATURIUM , Daturine .
    like the other varieties of Daphne, it has been DAUCI'TES VINUM . Wine , of which the
    employed to irritate the skin , and especially for Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient.
    keeping open issues. The seeds were steeped in must. It was for .
    DAPHNELÆ'ON, O'leum Lauri'num , from driasis,
    merly used in coughs,convulsions, hypochron
    diseases of the iterus , & c .
    dagin , ' the laurel or bay tree , ' and cialov, ' oil . ' DAUCUS CARO'TA . The systematic name
    Oil ofBay . of the Carrot Plant-Daucus , Daucus sylvestris,
    DAPHNINE . See Daphne Alpina .
    DARSENI, Laurus cinnamomum . Pastina'ca sylvestris tenuifolia officinarum , Ado'
    DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum . rion . Order , Umbelliferæ , ( F.) Carotte. The
    root and seed have been used in medicine .
    DARSIS, from deon , ' I excoriate,' ' I skin .' The root is sweet and mucilaginous ; and the
    The Greek physicians seem to have used this seeds have an aromatic odour, and moderately
    word to designate theanatomical preparation, warm , pungenttaste. The root has been used,
    which consists in removing the skin for ex as an emollient, to fetid and ill-conditioned
    posing the organs covered by it. sores . The seeds have been regarded as sto.
    DARTA , Impetigo.
    DARTOS. Same derivation ; Membra'na machic, carminative, and diuretic . But they
    have little efficacy. The seeds of the wild
    carno'sa, Tu'nica muscula'ris, T. rubicu'nda
    scroti, Marsu 'pium musculo'sum ; from Santos, plant are , by some, preferred to those of the
    skinned .' A name, given to the second cover garden .
    ing of the testicle , which the ancient anato Daucus CANDIANUS , Athamanta cretensis
    cretensis - d . Cyanopus,
    mists conceived to be muscular, but which is d . Creticus , Athamanta
    Pimpinella magna - d. Seprinius, Scandix cere
    merely cellular. Its external surface is to folium-d
    . Sylvestris, D. carota .
    wards the scrotum : the internal , towards the DAUPHINELLE, Delphinium sta phisagria .
    tunica vaginalis . Frederick Lobstein and DAVIE R , Dentagra.
    Breschet consider , that it proceeds from an ex
    pansion of the cellular cord , known by the a DAX , MINERAL WATERS OF. Dax is
    city , two leagues from Bordeaux , where
    name , Gubernaculum l'estis .
    there are four springs, that are almost purely
    DARTRE, Herpes - d. Crustacée, Ecthyma thermal: containing only a very small quantity
    -d. Furfuracée arrondie, Lepra vulgaris - d. of muriate and sulphate of lime. Temperature
    Phlyctenoide, Herpes phlyctænoides — d. Pustu- 1589 Fahrenheit.
    leuse mentagra , Sycosis - . Rongeunte, Herpes DAY-SIGHT, Hemeralopia—d. Vision , He
    exedens — d. Squameuse lichénoide, Psoriasis - meralopia .
    d . Impetigo . DAZZLING, Caliga'tio, (F.) Éblouissement.
    DARTREUX (F.) Herpetic. Participating in A momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned
    the characters of Dártre or Herpes. Also, one either by the sudden impression of too power.
    affected with dartre . Dartre has been used , at ful a light, or by some internal cause ; as ple
    one time or other, for almost every disease of thora.
    the skin . - See Herpes. DEAF -DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum .
    DASYM'MA, from daous, ' rough ,' ' hairy .'| DEAFNESS, from Anglo- Saxon Sur' .
    DEAMBULATIO 217 DECARBONIZATION

    ditas, Copho'sis, Dysecoi'a, Dyseca'a organ'ica, 3. Action of the brain .


    Baryecoia, Hardness of hearing, Hypocopho'sis, 4. Extinctionofofthe life.circulation .
    animalnutrition
    Subsurd itas, (F. ) Surdité Of thefunctions general
    , Dureté del'ouie. 6.5. Cessation of .
    Considerable diminution or total loss of hear
    ing. It may be the effect of acute or chronic 11. When the Chymical Phenomena are interrupted.
    inflammation of the internal ear, paralysis of
    the auditory nerve or its pulpy extremity, or of 1. Interruption ofchymical phenomena.
    some mechanical obstruction to the sonorous 2. Action ofthe heart.
    Sensation
    rays. In most cases, however, the cause of 4.3. Action , bruin . n, voice, and mechanical phe
    of thelocomotio

    the deafness is not appreciable, and the treat- nomena of respiration .


    ment has to be purely empirical. Syringing 5. Functions of nutrition , generally.
    the ear , dropping in slightly stimulating oils ;
    fumigations, & c ., are the most likely means to Death , APPARENT, Asphyxia .
    afford relief.
    DEAFNESS , Taylor's REMEDY FOR. See Al- century Deathwas
    , BLACK . The
    so called plagueis of
    , which the 14th
    supposed to
    lium .
    DEAMBULATIO , Walking . have proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of
    DEARTICULATIO , Diarthrosis. people.-Hecker.
    DEASCIATIO , Aposceparnismus. DEBIL'ITANTS, Debilitantia, from debili
    ta're, " to weaken .' Remedies exhibited for
    DEATH , Apobiosis, Le'thum , Lé'tum , Mors, the purpose of reducing excitement . Anti
    Death, 9tratos ; ( F.) Mort. Definitive cessation phlogistics are , hence, debilitants .
    of all the functions , the aggregate of which DEBIL'ITAS ERETHISICA , see Irritable- .
    constitute life. Real Death , Apothana'sia , is dis. d. Nervosa , Neurasthenia - d . Nervosa , see Ir.
    tinguished from asphyxia or apparent death :- ritable .
    the latter being inerely a suspension of those DEBILITY , Debil'itas, Astheni'a. Weak.
    same functions. But it is often difficult to ness, ( F. ) Fuiblesse. A condition , which may
    judge of such suspension, and the only certain be induced by a number of causes. It must
    sign of real death is the commencement of pu. not be confounded with fatigue, which is tem
    trefaction. At times , therefore , great caution porary , whilst debility is generally more per
    is requisite to avoid mistakes. Death is com- manent.
    monly preceded by some distressing symptoms, Debility may be real, or it may be apparent ;
    which depend on lesion of respiration , circula- and , in the management of disease , it is impor
    tion , or of the cerebral function , and which tant to attend to this. At the commencement
    constitute the agony . That which occurs sud- of fever, for example, there is often a degree of
    denly , and without any, or with few , precur- apparent debility , which prevents the use of
    sory signs, is called sudden death . It is ordi- appropriate means , and is the cause of much
    narily caused by disease of the heart ; apo evil. ' Excitement is more dangerous than de
    plexy ; the rupture of an aneurism , or by some bility:
    other organic affection . Death is natural, DÉBOITEMENT, Luxation .
    when it occurs as the result of disease : dio. DÉBORDEMENT (F. ) from déborder, ' to
    lent,when produced by some forcible agency . overflow .' A popular term for one or more
    All sudden deaths must begin by theinter- sudden and copious evacuations from the
    ruption of circulation , of the action of the brain , bowels. It is chiefly applied to bilious evacua
    or of respiration . One of these functions stops tions of this kind-- Débordement de Bile.
    first; and the others terminate successively ;- DÉBRIDEMENT (F. ) Frænorum solu'tio ,
    the series of phenomena ceasing nearly as fol. from ( F.) debrider, ' to unbridle . The removal
    lows.
    of filaments, &c. in a wound or abscess , which
    DEATH BEGINNING IN THE HEART . prevent the discharge of pus. In a more gene
    ral acceptation, it means the cutting of a soft,
    1. Impulse received by the brain .
    2 , Action of the brain.
    membranous or aponeurotic part, which inter
    feres with the exercise of any organ whatever:
    3. Action of the voluntary muscles.
    4. Action of the mixed muscles . thus, in paraphymosis, débridement of the pre
    5. The mechanical phenomena of respiration . puce is practised to put an end to the infiam
    6. The chymical phenomena of respiration . mation of the glans: in strangulated hernia,
    7. The phenomena of nutrition . débridement of the abdominal ring is had re
    course to, to remove the stricture of the intes
    DEATH BEGINNING IN THE BRAIN , tine, & c .
    DEC'AGRAMME, from dexa, ' ten ,' and
    1. Interruption of the brain's action . yoanna, la gramme . ' The weight of ten
    2. That of voluntary and mixed muscles.
    3. Mechanical phenomena of respiration . grammes,
    DECAM154.44 grains Troy."
    4. Chymical phenomena of respiration. ’YRON , from dexa, 'ten ,' and uivpov,
    5. Cessation
    of heart's action . ointment. An ancient cataplasm , composed
    6. Cessation of general circulation .
    7. Functions of nutrition . ofmalabathrum ,mastich, euphorbium , spikenard,
    styrax calamita , carbonate of lime, common pep
    DEATH BEGINNING IN THE LUNGS . per, unguentunt nardi,
    DECANTATI ON , opobalsamum
    Decanta'tio ,, and wa ...,
    Defu'sio
    I. When the Mechanica Elutria't io, Metangi smos, Catachy sis.
    l Phenomena are interrupted , as in maceutical operation, which consists in pourA phar
    Suffocation .
    1. Mechanical phenomena.
    ing off, gently, by inclining the vessel, any
    fluid , which has left a deposit.
    2. Chymical phenomena.
    28
    DÉCARBONIZATION , Hæmatosis.
    DECESSIO 218 DECOCTION
    DECESSIO , Ecpiesma. DECLAMATION , Declama'tio. The art of
    DÉCHARNÉ, Demusculatus. depicting the sentiments , by inflections of the
    DÉCHAUSSEMENT ( F.) The state, in voice, accompanied with gestures, which ren
    which the gums have fallen away from the der the meaning of the speaker more evident,
    teeth , as in those affected by mercury , in old and infuse into the minds of the auditors the
    persons, &c. Also, the operation of lancing emotions with which he is impressed.
    the gums. See Gum Lancet. Declamation may become the cause of dis
    DECHAUSSOIR , Gum lancet . ease : the modification , produced in the pulmo
    DÉCHIREMENT, Laceration . nary circulation ,-accompanied with the great
    DÉCHIRURE, Wound, lacerated. excitement, sometimes experienced , -is the
    DECID'UA MEMBRA'NA, Decid'ua . The cause of many morbid affections: particularly
    outermost membrane of the fætus in utero . of pneumonia, hæmoptysis, and apoplexy. In
    Chaussier calls it Epicho'rion : by others, it has moderation , it gives a healthy excitement to
    been called membra'na cadu'ca Hunte'ri , m . the frame.
    flocculen'ta, m. cellulo'sa ,m . sinuo'sa, m. com- DÉCLIN , Decline .
    mu'nis, m . praeristuns, Decidua externa, Tu'- DECLINE , Declina'tio, Inclina'tio, Decre.
    nica exterior ovi, T. caduca, T. crassa , mem- men'tum , Remis' sio , Parac'mē, ( F. ) Déclin .
    bra'na cribro'sa, membra'na ovi mater'na, m . That period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which
    muco'sa , Decidua spongio'sa , Epione, Perione, the symptoms begin to abate in violence. We
    membra'na u'teri interna erolu'ta , nidamentum, speak , also , of the decline of life, or of the
    anhis'tous membrane, Cho'rion spongio'sum , C. powers. See Phthisis and Tabes. (F.) Déclin
    tomento'sum , fungo'sum , reticula'tum, &c. Tu'- de l'age, L'age de déclin , when the physical
    nicafilamento'sa, Shaggy Chorion, Spongy Cho- and moral faculties lose a little of theiractivity
    Great diversity has prevailed , re . and energy.
    rion , & c .
    garding this membrane and its reflected por- DÉCLĪVE (F.) Decli'ois, from de, “ from ,'
    tion. It has been conceived by some that it and clidus, ' declivity. Inclining downwards.
    exists before the germ arrives in the uterus, - This epithet is applied to the most depending
    as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial part of a tumour or abscess.
    pregnancies; and that it is occasioned by a DECOCTION , Decoc'tio, from decoquere ,
    new action, assumed by the uterine vessels at ito boil:' Epse'sis, Aphepsis. The operation of
    the moment of conception. Chaussier, Lob- boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for the
    stein , Gardien , Velpeau and others consider purpose of extracting the parts soluble at that
    the decidua to be a sac , completely lining the temperature.
    uterus , and without apertures, and that when Decoction, likewise , means the product of
    the ovum descends through the tube, it pushes this operation, to which the terms Decoctum ,
    the decidua before it, and becomes enveloped Zema , Aphepse'ma, Ap'ozem , and Epse'ma,
    in it , except in the part destined to form the have been applied according to ancient cus
    placenta. That portion of the membrane, which tom , in order to avoid any confusion between
    covers the ovum , forms the Membra'na decid'ua the operation and its product ;-as preparatio
    reflex'a, according to them ;-- the part lining is used for the act of preparing ; præparatum ,
    the uterus being the Decidua U'teri. Towards for the thing prepared.
    the end of the fourth month , the decidua re- Decoction Of Aloes COMPOUND , Decoctum
    flexa disappears. The very existence of a Tu- aloes compositum - d . of Bark , Decoctum cin
    nica decidua reflexa has, however, been denied . chonæ - d. of Barley, Decoctum hordei - d . of
    This membrane has received various names. Barley, compound, Decoctum hordei composi
    Dr. Granville, regarding it as the external lum - d. Bitter, Decoctum amarum - d. of Cab
    membrane of the ovum , has termed it Corter bage tree bark , Decoctum geoffrææ inermis - d .
    ovi, (q . v .) It has also been termed Involucrum of Cassia , Decoctum cassiæ-d . of Chamomile, 1
    memliruna'ceum , membra'na retifor'mis cho'rii, Decoctum anthemidis nobilis — d. of Cinchona,
    membra'na filamento'sa, m . adventilia and m. Decoctum cinchonæ - d . of Cinchona, com
    crassa , ovuline and Decidua protrusa. pound laxative , Decoctum kinæ kinæ composi
    The decidua becomes thinner and thinner, tum et laxans — d. of Colomba, compound, De
    until the end of gestation. Its use seems to coctum Colombæ compositum - d. of Elm bark ,
    be , to fix the ovum to the uterus, and to fulfil Decoctum ulmi-d . of Foxglove, Decoctum
    some important purposes in the nutrition of the digitalis-d. de Gayac Composée, & c ., De
    fætus. To the membrane which is situate be. coctum de Guyaco compositum - d. of Guaia
    tween the placenta and the uterus , according cum , compound, Decoctum Guaiaci composi
    to Bojanus,and which he considers to be pro- tum - d. of Guaiacum , compound purgative,
    duced at a later period than the decidua vera, Decoctum de Guyaco compositum -d. of Harts
    he gives the name mcmbra'na decidua serotina. horn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti - d. of Helle
    ( F. ) Membrane caduque, et M. caduque re. bore, white, Decoctum veratri - d. of Liver.
    fléchié. wort, Decoctum lichenis - d . of Marshmallows,
    DeciduA PROTRUSA, Decidua reflexa. Decoctum althææ - d. de Mauve composée, De
    DEC " IGRAMME, Decigrum'ma, from ded''i- coctum malvæ compositum - d . of Oak bark ,
    mus, ' the tenth part,' and yoauna, ' gramme. Decoctum quercus-d. d'Orge, Decoctum hor.
    The tenth partof the gramme in weight : equal dei-d. d'Orge composée, Decoctum hordei
    to a little less than two grains, French ; 1.544 compositum - d. of Poppy, Decoctum papave
    Troy. ris-d . of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydoniæ - d .
    DECIMANA FEBRIS, from decem, ' ten. ' de Quinquina composée et laxative, Decoctum
    An intermittent , whose paroxysms return every kinre kina compositum et laxans-d. de Sarsa
    10th day or every 9 days. li is supposititious. pareille composée, Decoctum sarsaparillæ com
    DECOCTUM 219 DECOCTUM

    positum - d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sarsa- 1 quarter of an hour, remove it from the fire ;
    parille -- d. of Sarsaparilla , compound , Decoc- then infuse in it for half an hour, fol. senne,
    tum sarsaparillæ compositum - d. of Sarsapa. soda sulph . aa zij ; add syrup. de sennâ 3j . )
    rilla , false, Decoctum Araliæ nudicaulis - d . of Its title indicates its properties.
    Squill , Decoctum scillæ-d . of the Woods, DECOCTUM COLOMBÆ Compos’itum ; Com
    Decoctum Guaiaci compositum - d. of Woody pound Decoction of Colomba . ( Colomb. contus.
    nightshade, Decoctum dulcamare. quassia , aa zij , cort . aurant. 3 ), pulv . rhej. Oj ,
    DECOCTUM, Decoction-d. Album, Mis- potassa carbonat. 3ss, aqua 3xx. Boil to a
    tura cornu usti . pint, and add tinct. lavand .Zss . Pharm. U. S.)
    Decoctum Al'oes Compos'Itum , Balsam of Given as a tonic , but not worthy of an officinal
    Life, Compound Decoction of Aloes. (Ext. glyc. station.
    go
    ziv , potass. subcarb. o ij, alves spicat. ext.: Decoctum CYDO'N Æ , Mucila'. Sem'inis
    myrrhæ contrit.: croci stigmat. aa 3j , aquæ ibj. Cydo'nii Mali, M. Sem'inum Cydonio'rum ;
    Boil to z xij: strain ,and add tinct, card . c. Z iv. Decoclion or .Mu'cilage of Quince Seeds. (Cy
    Pharm . L.) The gum and extractive are dis. doniæ sem. zij,aquæ lbj. Boil for ten minutes
    solved in this preparation. The alkali is added over a gentle fire, and strain . Pharm . L.) It
    to take up a little of the resin . The tincture is merely a solution of mucilage in water , and is
    prevents it from spoiling. It is gently cathar- used as a demulcent.
    iic . Dose, Zss to Zij. DECOCTUM DAPHNES MEZE'Rei, Decoctum
    Decoctum ALTHÆÆ , D. Althæa officina'lis ; Meze'rei ; Decoction of Mezereon . ( Cort. rad .
    Decoction of Marsh -mallows, (F.) Décoction de daphn , mezerei, Zij, rad. glycyrrh. cont. Zss,
    Guimauve . (Rad. althææ sicc. ziv, urar passar aquæ lbiij. Boil over a gentle fire to bij, and
    zij , aqua Ibvij. Boil to lby. Pour off the clear strain . ) The acrimony of the mezereon and
    liquor. Pharm E.) It is used as a demulcent. the saccharine mucilaţe of the liquorice root
    Decoctum A MA'RUM ; Bilter Decoction . ( Rad. are imparted to the water. It is somewhat
    gent. 3j, aqua tbijss. Boil for a quarter of an stimulant, and has been used in secondary
    hour ; add species amare zij . Infuse for two syphilis; but is devoid of power. Dose , ziij
    hours and filter,without expressing . Pharm . to Zvj.
    BECOCTUM DIAPHORETICUM , D. Guaiaci
    P.) It is tonic. Dose, 3 ss to zij.
    Decoctum ANTHEM'IDIS NOB'ilis, D. Cha- compositum - d. pro Enemate, D. malvæ com
    mame'li ; Decoction of Cham'omile. ( Flor. an. positum .
    themid , nobil. 3) , sem. carui ziv, aquæ lbv . Boil DECOctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Foxglove.
    for fifteen minutes, and strain. ' Pharm . E.) It (Fol. digit . sicc. 3j,aquæ q . s. ut colentur zviij.
    contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis- Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire,
    solved inforwater.
    vehicle It is used,
    tonic powders occasionally,
    , pills, &c . , and inasfo-a and then removeit
    and strain
    . Digest for fifteen minutes,
    . Pharm. D. ) It possesses the pro
    mentations and glysters ;but for the last pur- perties of the plant. Dose, zij to ziij.
    pose , warm water is equally efficacious. The DECOCTUM DulcAMA'RA ; Decoction of
    Dublin College has a compound decoction . Woody Nightshade. ( Dulcamara caul . concis.
    Decoctum ARA'LIÆ Nudicau’lis ; Decoction 3j , aquæ ibiss. Boil to ibj, and strain . L.)
    of False Sarsaparilla. Araliæ nudicaul, zvj, This decoction has been considered diuretic
    aquæ ibviij. Digest for four hours , and then and diaphoretic, and has been administered ex
    boil to four pints ; press out and strain the decoc- tensively in skin diseases. It is probably de
    tion . Pharm . U.S.) It is used as a stomachic , void of efficacy.
    but it is an unnecessary and laborious prepa- DecoctUM PRO FOMENTO, D. papaveris.
    ration . Decoctum GEOFFRÆ'Æ INERMIS; Decoction of
    Decoctom Cas'siæ ; Decoction of Cassia . Cabbage- Tree Bark. (Cort. geoffr. inermis in
    ( Cassia pulp. Zij, aquæ ibij. Boil for a few pulo. Zj, aquæ lbij. Boil over a slow fire to a
    minutes, filter without expression , and add pint, and strain. Pharm. E. ) It is possessed
    syrup. violar. 3j , or manne pur . 3ij. Pharm . P.) ofanthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic proper
    It is a laxative, in the dose of 3 vj . ties , and has been chiefly used for the first
    Decoctum CHAMÆMELI , Decoctum Anthe- of these purposes. Dose, to children, zij —to
    midis nobilis . adults , ss to zij .
    DECOCTUM Cincho'NÆ , Decoctum Cinchone DECOCTUM GUA'IACI COMPOS'ITUM , D. Gua
    lancifolia, D. Cor'ticis Cinchonæ ; Decoction of iaci officina'lis compos'itum , Decoctum Ligno'
    Cinchona, D. of Bark . Decoctum Kina Kine. rum , D. de Guya'co compos'itum , D. sudorif
    ( Cinchon. lancifol. cort. contus. zj , aquæ ibj. icum , D diaphoret'icum ; Compound Decoction
    Boil for ten minutes, in a slightly covered ves of Guuiacum, Decoction of the Woods. ( Lign .
    sel, and strain while hot. Pharm L. ) It con- guaiac. rasur. ziij, fruct. sicc. vitis vinifer Zij,
    tains cinchonine and resinous extractive, dis- rad. lauri sassafr. concis., rad. glycyrrh. aa 3 ),
    solved in water. Long coction oxygenates and aquæ fbx. Boil the guaiacum and raisins over
    precipitates the extractive . It can be given a slow fire to føv ; adding the roots towards the
    where the powder does not sit easy , & c . Dose , end , then strain . Pharm E. ) It is possessed
    3j to ziv . of stimulant properties, and has been given in
    DecoctUM COMMUNE PRO CLYSTERE, D. mal- syphilitic, cutaneous, and rheumatic affections.
    væ compositum-d . Cornu cervini , Mistura The resin of the guaiacum is, however, insolu
    cornu isti. ble in water, so that the Guaiac wood in it can
    Decoctum King King Compos'ITUM ET not be supposed to possess much , if any,effect.
    Laxars,; Compound
    larative Decoction dequinquina composée
    lar'ative decoction of Cin-et The Parisian DE
    DecocTUM Codex has aCompos'ITUM ET
    GUYACO Pur
    chona. (Cort. cinchon . Zj , aquæ ibij. Boil for a GANS, (F.) Décoction de Gayac Composée rt pur
    DECOCTUM , &c . 220 DECOMPOSÉE
    gative ; Compound purgative Decoction of Gua- rate for four hours , near the fire, in a lightly .
    iacum . ( Lign. guaiac. rasp ., rad. sarsap. aa covered vessel : then bruise the root ; mace
    zj potass. carbonat. gr. xxv. Macerate for rate again for two hours ; then boil to žij , and
    welve hours , agitating occasionally , in water strain . Pharm L.) It contains bitter extrac
    Ibiv , until there remain ibiij. Then infuse in it tive, and mucilage in water ; is demulcent, and
    fol. sennæ zij , rhej. zj, lign . sassafr ., glycyrrh. has been used , although it is doubtful with
    rad. aa zij , sem. coriand. 3j. Strain gently, what efficacy, in the sequelæ of syphilis. Dose ,
    suffer it to settle,and pour off the clear super- zivto Ibss.
    natant liquor.) The tiile sufficiently indicates Decoctum SARSAPARIL'LA Compos'tum ;
    the properties of the composition . Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, (F.) Dé
    Decoctum HELLEBORI Albi , D. veratri-d . coction de Salsapareille Composée. (Decoct.
    Kinæ kine, D. Cinchone . sarsap. fervent. ibiv , sassafras rad. concis .;
    Decoctum Hordei, Decoctum Hordei Dis- guaiac. lign. ras.; glycyrrh. rad. cont. aa zj,
    tichi, Ptisa'na Hippocratica, Tipsa'ria or Tap: mezerei rad. ziij. Boil fifteen minutes, and
    sa'ria , Aqua Hordea'ta, Barley Water, Decoc- strain. Pharm . L. ) This is considered to be
    tion of Barley, ( F.) Décoction d'Orge, Tisane possessed of analogous properties with the T.
    Commune. (Hord . semin. Zij, aquæ ibivss. celebrated Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tum Lusi. TE
    Wash the barley well , boil for a few minutes tan'icum, which it resembles in composition .
    in water Ibss : strain this, and throw it away , DECOCTUM SCILLÆ ; Decoction of Squill.
    DE
    and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to tbij, ( Scilla ziij, juniper Ziv , senega snake-root ziij ,
    and strain . Pharm . L ) It is nutritive and water Ibiv. Boil till one half the liquor is con
    demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common sumed ; strain , and add spirit of nitrous ether
    drink , and in glysters. Ziv. Pharm . A. ) Dose, 3ss.
    Decoctum HORDEI COMPOSITUM , Decoctum Decoctum SÉN'EgÆ , D. Polygalæ scnege ;
    pectora'le, Plisanu commu'nis ; Compound De- Decoction of Senega. ( Rud. seneg. zi aquæ
    coction of Barley , (F.) Décoction d'Orge com- ibij. Boil to ibj, and strain. Pharm . L.) It is
    posée. ( Decoct. hord. ibij, caricæ fruct. concis. reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimu DES
    zij , glycyrrh. rad. concis. ct contus. Zss ,urarum lant, and has been given in dropsy, rheuma
    pass. demptis acinis zij, aquæ iħj. "Boil to tbij, tism , & c .
    and strain . Pharm . L.) It has similar pro- Decoctum SMILACIS SARSAPARILLÆ , D. sar
    perties to the last. saparilla — d. Sudorificum , D. Guaiaci com
    Decoctum Liche'nis , Decoctum Lichenis positum.
    Islan'dici ; Decoction of Liderwort. (Lichen Decoctum ULMI, D. Ulmi Campes'tris ; De
    Zj, aquæ ibiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. coction of Elm Bark. ( Ulmi cort, recent, cont.
    and fecula , dissolved in water , and its opera
    tion is tonic and demulcent. Dose, Zj to ziv. used Itin islepra
    reputed to be diuretic ; and has been
    and herpes ; but, probably , has
    It is also nutrient, but hardly worthy of the no efficacy. Dose , ziv to ibss.
    rank of an officinal preparation.
    Decoctum LIGNORUM , D. Guaiaci composi- albi ; Decoction of White Hellebore. Helleb'ori
    DECOCTUM VERATRI, Decoctum
    ( Veratri
    tum . DLL
    Decoctum Malve Compos'tum, Decoctum rad. cont. 3j , aquæ ibij, spir . rect . 3ij. Boil the
    watery decoction to ibj ; and, when it is cold ,
    pro enem'ate, Decoctum commu'ne pro clyste're ; add the spirit. Pharm . L.) It is stimulant,
    Compound Decoction of Mallow , (F.) Décoction acrid ,and cathartic; but is used only exter
    de Mauvecomposée. ( Malve exsicc. Zj, anthe- nally. It is auseful wash in tinea capitis, pso
    mid . flor. exsicc. Zss, aquæ ibj. Boil for fifteen
    minutes, and strain.) * It consists of bitter ex ra, &c . Should it excite intense
    ing applied , it must be diluted.
    pain on be
    tractive , and mucilage in water, and is chiefly DÉCOLLEMENT, ( F. ) Deglutina'tio, Re
    used for clysters and fomentations. It is un Be bor
    in the pharmacopeia. glutina'tio, The state of an organ that is sepa
    worthy a placeMEzerei,
    DECOCTUM D. daphnis mezerei— ratedfrom the surrounding parts, owing to de DET
    struction of the cellular membrane which
    d. Pectorale , D. hordei compositum . DEI
    Decoctum Papav'enis, Decoctum pro Fo- united them ; the skin is decollée; i. e ., sepa DEE
    men'to, Fotus communis ; Decoction of Poppy. rated from the subjacent parts, by a burn , sub fees,
    ( Papuo.somnif. capsul. concis. ziv, aquæ ibiv.cutaneous abscess , & c .
    DECOLLEMENT
    Boil for fifteen minutes,and strain. Pharm . L.) tion or detachment PLACENTA
    DUofthe wbole, isor the separa .
    a part,of
    It contains thenarcotic principle of thepoppy , theplacenta from the inner surfaceof the ute
    .and mucilage in water : is anodyne and einol .
    lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in rus . Décollement, from de, “ from ,' and collum ,
    painful swellings, ulcers, & c . the neck,' obtruncatio, also means the sepa
    Decoctum POLYGALA SENEGÆ , D. senege, ration of the head of the fætus from the trunk ,
    Decoctum QUERCUS , D. Quercûs Ro'boris ; the latter remaining in the uterus.
    Decoction of Oak Bark . ( Quercûs cort. 3j , DECOLORATION , Decolora'tio, Discolora'
    aquæ tbij. Boil to a pint , and strain . Pharm . tio, from de, ' from , ' and coloru're, ' to colour . '
    L.) It is astringent, and used as such, in injec- Loss of the natural colour.
    tions , in leucorrhea, uterine hemorrhage, & c . , DÉCOMPOSÉE, (F. ) from de , ' from ,' and af
    as well as in the form of foinentation to un compon'ere, to compose.' Decompo'sed, Dis
    healthy ulcers . solutus. An epithet, applied to the face , when
    95

    Decoctum SARSAPARIL'LÆ, D. Smilacis Sar- extensively changed in its expression and co


    saparilla ; Decoction of Sarsaparilla. ( Sarsa . lour ; as in the moribund.
    parill. rad . concis. Ziv ,aq.ferrent. Biv. Mace- DECORTICATION, from de, ' from ,' and
    DECOSTIS 221 DEGMOS

    cortex , bark . ' An operation , which consists made to diseased parts, for the purpose of guard .
    in separating the bark from roots, stalks, &c . ing them from the impression of extraneous
    DECOSTIS , Apleu'ros, from de, priv., and bodies, and particularly from the contact of air.
    costa , ' a rib . One who has no ribs. DEF'ERENS, from def'ero, ' I bear away , ' ' 1
    nd DECREMENTUM , Decline . transport.'
    DECREP'ITUDE , Decrepitu'do , Etas de- The Vas DEFERENS or ductus deferens, (F. )
    > crepita , Ultima senectus, from decrep'itus, ' very Conduit spermatique, Conduit diferent , is the
    old . The last period of old age , and of hu- excretory canal of the sperm , which arises from
    man life ; which ordinarily occurs about the the epididymis, describes numerous convolu
    eightieth year. It may , however, be accele- tions , and with the vessels and nerves of the
    rated or protracted. Its character consists in testicle concurs in the formation of the sperma
    the progressive series of phenomena , which tic chord, enters the abdominal ring and ter
    announce the approaching extinction of life . minates in the ejaculatory duct.
    DECU'BITUS, from decumb'ere, to lie down . ' DEFLECTENS, Derivative.
    Lying down. Assuming the horizontal posture. DEFLECTIO , Derivation .
    (F.) Coucher. Horâ decubitûs, ' at bed time.' DEFLORATION , Stuprum .
    The French say - Decubitus horizontal, sur le DEFLORATION, Deflora'tio, Derirgina'tio ,
    dos, sur le coté, for ,lying in the horizontal pos . from deflorescere,' to shed its flowers. The act
    ture , on the back or side , . of depriving a female of her virginity . Inspec
    DECORTA’TUS, PelovpOs, or MELOvqituv. tion of the parts is the chief criterion of deflora
    shortened, curtailed," running to a point.' tion having been forcibly accomplished ; yet
    When applied to the pulse, it signifies a pro- inquiry must be made, whether the injury may
    gressive diminution in the strength of the ar- not have been caused by another body than the
    If the male organ .
    terial pulsations, which, at last, cease. Recent defloration is infinitely
    pulsations return and gradually acquire all their more easy of detection than where some time
    strength , it is called Pulsus decurta'tus recip'. has elapsed.
    Tocus. - Galen . DEFLUXIO , Catarrh, Diarrhæa .
    DECUSSA'TION , Decussatio, Chias'mos, In. DEFLUXION, Deflúrio, Deflurus, Catar'
    crucia'tin , from decu'tio, • I divide. Union in rhysis, Catar'rhus. A falling down of humours
    the shape of an X or cross. Anatomists use from a superior to an inferior part. It is some
    this term chiefly in the case of the nerves ,-as times used synonymously with inflammation .
    for the decussation of the optic nerves, which DYSENTERICUS
    DEFLUXUS y.
    ,Dysenter
    cross each other within the cranium . DEFORMATION , Deforma'tio , Cacomor'.
    DECUSSO'RIUM , from decu'tio, ' I depress.' |phia , Deform'itas, Disfigura'tion , Deformity.(F.).
    An instrument used, by the ancients, for de- Difformité. Morbid alteration in the form of
    pressing the dura mater, and facilitating the some part of the body, as of the head, pelvis,
    that spine, & c. A deformity may be natural or ac
    effused on or underParé
    exit of substances,described
    membrane. It is by Scultetus, , cidental.
    &c . See Meningophylax. DEFRU'TUM, Vin cuit, from defruta're, ' to
    DÉDAIGNEUR, Rectus superior oculi . boil new wine . ' 'Grape must, boiled down to
    DEDOLA'TION, from dedola're,' to cut and one half and used as a sweetmeat. Plin . Colu
    hew with an axe .' ' This word has been used mell. Isidor. See Rob .
    by surgeons, to express the action, by which a DEFUSIO, Decantation .
    cutting instrument divides , obliquely, any part DÉGÉNÉRESCENCE , Degeneration .
    of thebody , and produces a wound with loss of DEGENERATION νοθευσις
    substance . It is commonly on the head , that , , νοθεια , Νο.
    wounds by dedolation are observed . When theusis, Nothia, from 'deg''ener, unlike one's
    there wasa complete separation of a portion of ancestors, Degen'eracy. A change for the
    the bone of the cranium, the ancients called it worse in the intimate composition of the solids
    or fluids of the body. In Pathological Anatomy,
    Aposceparnis'mos. degeneration means the change , which occurs
    DEERBERRY, Gaultheria .
    DÉFAILLANCE, Syncope. in the structure of an organ , when transformed
    DEFECA”TION , Defeca'tio, from de and into a matter, essentially morbid; as a cancer.
    fæces, " excrements. The act, by which the ous, or tubercular, degeneration.
    excrement is extruded from the body . Caca'. Dégénérescence is,by the French pathologists,
    tion, Excretio alvi, E.alvi'na, E.facum altina' employed synonymously with Degeneration.
    rum , Dejectio alvi, Secessio , Expulsio vel Ejeclio DEGLUTINATIO , Decollement.
    fæcum . The fæces generally accumulate in the DEGLUTITIO DIFFIC''ILIS, Dysphagia
    colon, being prevented by ihe annulus at the -d. Impedita, Dysphagia — d. Læsa, Dysphagia.
    top of the rectum from descending freely into DEGLUTI'TION, Degluti'tio, catap'osis,
    that intestine. In producing evacuations in ob- from degluti’re,'to swallow . The act, bywhich
    stinate constipation , it is well , therefore , by substances are passed from the mouth into the
    means of a long tube, to throw the injection up stomach , through the pharynx and esophagus.
    into the colon , as suggested by Dr. O'Beirne . It is one of a complicated character , and re
    In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation quires the aid of a considerable number of mus
    of any substance from a liquid in which it may cles ; the first steps being voluntary, the re
    be suspended. See Clarification . mainder executed under spinal and involuntary
    DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope . nervous influence .
    DEFENSIVUM , from defen 'dere , ' to defend .' DEGMOS, drypos, Morsus ;-a bite in ge
    A preservative or defence . The old surgeons neral , from daxvu), ' I bite .' A gnawing sensa
    gaye this name to different local applications, tion about the upper orifice of the stomach ,
    22 DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA
    DÉGORGEMENT 244

    which was once attributed to acrimony of the DÉLIRE, Delirium .


    liquids, contained in that viscus. DELIRIA , Insanity.
    DÉGORGEMENT, Disgorgement. DELIR'IOUS, Deli'rans, Excerebra'tus, Al
    DÉGOUT, Disgust. lochoos, alienus, raving, ( F.) Délirant. One
    DEGREE ”, from degré, originally from who is in a state of delirium . That which is
    gradus. Galen used this expression to indicate attended by delirium.
    the qualities of certain drugs. Both he and his The French use the term Ficore pernicieuse
    school admitted cold , warm ,moist, and dry me- délirante for a febrile intermittent, in which
    dicines , and four different degrees of each of delirium is the predominant symptom .
    those qualities. Thus Apium was warm in the DELIRIUM , from de , “ from , and lira, ' a
    first degree, Agrimony in the second, Roche ridge between two furrows; Paracopē, Phreni'.
    Alum in the third, and Garlic in the fourth. tis,Phledoni'a ,Desipien'tia, Paraphros'yne,Emo'.
    Bedegar was cold in the first, the flower of the tio, Leros, arpos. Straying from the rules of
    Pomegranate in the second,the Sempervivum in reason, wandering of the mind ; Paranæa, Al
    the third ,Opium in the fourth, & c . The French loph'asis, (F.) Délire, Égarement d'esprit, &c .
    use the term degré to indicate , 1. The intensity | Transport. Hippocrates used the word paria,
    of an affection : as a burn of the first, second, mania, for the delirium sine febre , and the
    third degree, &c . 2. The particular stage of an Greek words given above for the delirium cum
    incurable disease , as the third degree of phthisis, febre. In different authors, also, we find the
    cancer of the stomach, &c . words, Parapl'ora,Parapl'rotes, Paraphrene'sis,
    DEGUSTATION, Degusta'tio, from gus- Paraphren'ia, Phrene' sis, Phrenetiasis, &c. , for
    Gustation. The appreciation different kinds of delirium . Delirium is usually
    tare, ' to taste . '
    of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. symptomatic.
    DEICTICOS , Index. DELIRIUM EBRIOSITATIS, D. tremens - d.
    DEJECTIO ALVI, Defecation — d. Alvina, Furiosum, Mania—d. Maniacum, Mania — d.
    Excrement . Potatorum , D. tremens.
    DEJECTION , Dejectio, Subductio, Hypa. DELIRIUM TREMENS, Ma'nia â Potu , noma'
    goge, Hypochore'sis. The expulsion of the nia, Ma'nia e temulentiâ , D. potatorum , D. ebri
    fæces. Also , a fæcal discharge :-generally , osita'tis,Erethis'musebriosorum , Encephalopathie
    however, with alvine prefixed,-as an alvine crapuleuse. A state of delirium and agi
    Dejection , Dejectio alvi'na, Ejec'tio, Eges'tio. tation, peculiar to those addicted to spirituous
    DELETE RIOUS, Pernicio'sus, from ondew, liquors, with great sleeplessness. It is pre
    'I injure .' That which produces destructive ceded by indisposition , lassitude, watchfulness ,
    disorder in the exercise and harmony of the headache, and anorexia , the delirium and trem
    functions. ors most commonly recurring in paroxysms . It
    DEJECTORIUM REMEDIUM , Cathartic. is caused by the habitual and intemperate use
    DELACHRYMATIO , Epiphora. of ardent spirits or opium : or rather by aban
    DELACHRYMATIVUS , Apodacryticus . doning those excitants after prolonged use .
    DELAPSIO , Prolapsus . The treatment is various . Many have regarded
    DELAPSUS PALPEBRÆ , Blepharoptosis. stimulants with large doses of opium to induce
    DELATIO, Indication . rest to be indispensable. It is certain , how
    DÉLA YANTS, Diluentia. ever , that the expectant system will often, if
    DELETERIUM , Poison. not generally , be successful, and it is probable ,
    DELIGATIO , Ligature , see Bandage. a cure effected in this manner will be more
    DELIGATION, Deliga'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli- permanent than when produced by excitants.
    gatu'ra, Vulnerum deliga'tio, Fascia'rum Ap- DÉLITESCENCE . " See Repercussion .
    plica'tio, Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'tio, from DÉLIVRANCE ,( F .) An expression , which,
    de and ligo, I tie.' The deligation of wounds in common language, signifies the action of de
    formerly embraced the application of apparatus, livering, libera'tio, but,in the practice of ob
    dressings, & c., - the denomination Deliga'tor stetrics,means the extrusion of the secundines,
    Plaga'rum being synonymous with Medicus either spontaneously or by the efforts of art.
    Vulnera'rius, and in derivation , with the W u n- This completion of delivery - partus secunda
    darzt, ' wound physician ,' or surgeon , of the rius, secundina'rum expulsio vel extractio, is
    Germans. Deligation is hardly ever used now produced by the same laws as the expulsion of
    as an English word . In France, it is confined the fætus . Sometimes, the after-birth follows 1
    to the regular and methodical application of the child immediately ; at others, it is retained;
    bandages . and requires manual interference to remove it. 3
    DELIQUES'CENT, from de and liquescere, The following are the chief cases in which this 看
    ' to melt,' ' to dissolve.' Any salt, which be- becomes necessary. 1. Intimate adhesion be 0
    comes
    air.
    liquid by attracting moisture from the tween the placenta and parietes of the uterus.
    2. Spasmodic contraction of the orifice of the
    The deliquescent salts require to be kept in uterus . 3. Hour- glass contraction . 4. Torpor
    bottles, well stopped . The muriate of lime , the or hemorrhage after the expulsion of the child,
    acetate of potassa and subcarbonate of potassa and,–5. Insertion of the placenta at the orifice
    are examples of such salts . The ancient chemists of the uterus.
    expressed the condition of a body , which had DELIVERY, FALSE , False water. 1
    become liquid in this manner, by the word De- DÉLIVRE , Secundines.
    liquium . DELOCATIO , Luxatio.
    ' DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope . DELPHINIUM CONSOL'IDA , Calcitrop'.
    DELIRANS , Delirious. pa, Consol'ida Rrgalis, branching Larkspur.
    DÉLIRANT, Delirious. Family, Ranunculaceæ . Ser. Syst. Polyandria
    DELPHYS 223 DENIACH , MINERAL WATERS OF
    Trigynia. (F.) Pied d'alouette des champs. It cis manus- d . Lunaire, Semi-lunar - d. Mem .
    has been employed as a vermifuge. The flow - braneur, Semi-membranosus - d. Orbicularis ,
    ers have been used in ophthalmia, and the Orbicularis oris - d. Tendineur, Semi-tendino
    seeds have the same property as those of the sus.
    Stavesacre. DEMISSOR , Catheter.
    Delphin'ium STAPHISA'GRIA . The system- DEMONOMANIA , Dæmonoma'nia, from
    atic name of the Staves'acre, Staphisagria , daruwv, demon,' a spirit of good or evil, and
    Phtheiroc'tonum , Phthei'rium , Staphis, Pedicula'-paria, madness.? Religious Insanity. Á va
    tia , (F.) Staphisuigre, Herbe aur" Poux , Dauphi- riety of madness, in which the person conceives
    nelle. The seeds have a disagreeable smell ; a himself possessed of devils, and is in con .
    nauseous, bitterish ,hot taste ; and are cathartic , tinual dread of malignant spirits, the pains of
    emetic, and vermifuge ; owing , however, to the hell, & c .
    violence of their operation , they are seldom DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstra're, ' to
    given internally, and are chiefly used in powder, show ;' exhibit .' One who exhibits.
    mixed with hair powder to destroy lice . DEMONSTRATOR OF ANAT'OMY , one who ex
    The active principle of this plant has been hibits the parts of tlie human body. A teacher
    separated, and received the naine Delphinine . of practical anatonıy .
    It is extremely acrid , and has been recently DEMOTIVUS LAPSUS , Repenti'na mors,
    used, like the veratrine , in tic douloureux, from demove're, ' to move off,' remove,' and
    paralysis and rheumatism. It is used in the lapsus, ' a fall.' Sudden death.
    form of ointment, or in solution in alcohol, DEMUL'CENTS, Demulcen'tia, Indolven'tia ,
    (gr, a to xxx, or more, to zj ,) applied exter- Obdolventia , from demulcere, ' to soothe,'“ to as
    nally. suage .' ( F.) Adoucissant. Medicines, supposed
    DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. to be capable of correcting certain acrid condi
    DELTA , Vúlva . tions imagined to exist in the humours. Sub
    DELTIFORMIS , Deltoid. stances of a mucilaginous or saccharine nature
    DELTOID , Deltoï'des, Delto'des, Deltiformis, belong to this class. Demulcents may act directly
    from the Greek capital letter A , deata , and oidos, on the parts with which they come in contact;
    resemblance.' Sous-acromio - clavi-huméral of but in other cases , as in catarrh , their effect is
    Dumas ; sus-acromio -humeral of Chaussier. A produced by contiguous sympathy ;—the top of
    triangular muscle , forming the fleshy part of the larynx being soothed by them first, and in
    the shoulder, and covering the shoulder -joint. directly the inflamed portion of the air-passages.
    It extends from the outer third of the clavicle , In diseases of the urinary organs , they have no
    from the acromion and spine of the scapula, to advantage over simple diluents. - See Diluents
    near the middle and outer part of the os hu- and Emollients. The following are the chief
    meri, where it is inserted by means of a strong Demulcents :
    tendon. This muscle raises the arm directly Acaciæ Gummi , Hordeum ,
    upwards, when the shoulder is fixed , and car- Althære Folia et Radix , Lichen ,
    ries it anteriorly or posteriorly , according to Amygdala , Linum ,
    the direction of the fibres, which are thrown Amylum ,
    Avenue Farina,
    Oliva Oleum ,
    Sassafras Medulla
    ,
    into action . If the arm is rendered immovable , Cera , Sesamum ,
    the deltoid acts inversely and depresses the Cetaceum , Sevum ,
    Tragacantha ,
    shoulder. Cydonia. Semina,
    Fucus Crispus , Ulmus.
    DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Pros Glycyrrhiza,
    per Alpinus to a cerebral disease, which, he
    says , is proper to Egypt. He considers it to be DEMUSCULATUS, (F.) Décharné. Ema
    inflammation of the brain ; but others describe it ciated , devoid of flesh.
    as a pernicious intermittent. DENA'RIUS ; a Roman coin , equal in value
    DEMANGEAISON, Itching. to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English . It was
    DEM'ANUS , Acheir. marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses ,
    DÉMENCE, Dementia. Also , the 7th part of the Roman ounce.
    DEMENTIA, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas, (q. v .) DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus.
    Ana'a, Parana'a, from de, ' from ,' or ' out of, DENGUE , Dingee , Danga, Dandy, Bouquet
    and mens, mind,' or ' reason .' (F. ) Démence, and Bucket Fever. A disease , which appeared ,
    Bétise. In common parlance, and even in legal in the years 1827 and 1828, in the West Indies,
    language , this word is synonymous with in- and in the Southern States of North America,
    sanity. Physicians, however , have applied it It was extremely violent in its symptoms, but
    to those cases of unsound mind , which are not often fatal. It usually commenced with
    characterized by a total loss of the faculty of great languor, chilliness, and pain in the ten
    thought, or by such an imbecilityofintellect, dons aboutthe smallerjoints. To these symp:
    that the ideas are extremely incoherent ; there toms succeeded burning heat and redness of
    being at the same time, a total loss of the the skin , pains in the muscles of the limbs or
    power of reasoning. Mania and melancholia in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea . The
    are apt to end in this, if possible, more de- fever continued for one, two, or three days, and
    plorable state. Dotage is the Dementia of the usually terminated by copious perspiration. In
    aged - Mo'ria demens lerema, Lere'ma, Anil'- different places, it put on differentappearances;
    itas . but seems in all to have been a singular variety
    DEMI , Semi- d. Bain , Semicupium -d. of rheumatic fever. The usual antiphlogistic
    Epineux, Semi-spinalis colli — d. Épineur du treatment was adopted, and successfully
    dos, Semi-spinalis dorsi- d . Gantelet, Gantelet DENIACH , MINERAL WATERS OF. D.
    -d. Interosseux du pouce, Flexor brevis polli- lis a village in Swabia, at the entrance of the
    DENIGRATIO 224 DENTIFRICE

    Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic The DENTAL VEins have a similar distribu
    acid , carbonate of iron , carbonate of lime , sul. tion with the arteries .
    phate of magnesia, and subcarbonate of soda. DENTAL SURGEON , Dentist.
    DENIGRATIO , from denigra're, to be DENTALIS, Odontoid-d . Forfex, Den
    come black .' The act of becoming black, as in tagra.
    DENTA'LIUM , from dens, ' a tooth ,' the
    cases of sphacelus, sugillation , &c.
    DENS, Tooth — d . Leonis, Leontodon taraxa. dog-like tooth shell. A genus of shells in the
    cum – d .Sapientiæ,seeDentition - d.Sophro- shape of atooth. They formerly entered into
    reticus , see Dentition. several pharmaceutical preparations, but were
    useless ingredients ; consisting - like shells in
    DENT, Tooth—d. de Sagesse, see Dentition . general— of carbonate of limeand gelatine.
    DEN'TAGRA , Den'ticeps, Dentar' paga,Den- DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plum
    tiducum , Denta'lis
    Odon'tagra forfer, from
    , odonta gogon , Forfex
    dens, 'denta'ria,
    a tooth, ' bago Europæa. Dentist.
    DENTARIUS,
    and aypa, ' a seizure.' (F.) Davier . A tooth- DENTARPAGA , Dentagra .
    forceps. DENTELARIA , Plumbago Europæa.
    DENTAL , Denta'lis, Denta'rius, from dens, DENTELÉANTÉRIEUR ,PETIT, Pectoralis
    la tooth . ' That which concerns the teeth . minor - d . Grand, Serratus magnus—d. Poste
    The Dental AR'TERIES are those arteries, rieur et inférieur, petit, Serratus posticas infe
    which nourish the teeth . They proceed from rior - d. Supérieur, petit, Serratus posticus su
    several sources . The teeth of the upper jaw , perior.
    e. g. , receive their arteries from the infraorbitar DENTES ANGULARES , Canine teeth - d .
    and superior alveolar , —themselves branches of Canini , Canine teeth - d.Columellares – Canine
    the internal maxillary. The teeth of the lower teeth-d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth - d . Cuspidati,
    jaw receive their branches from the inferior Canine teeth - d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth - d.
    dental or inferior marillary, which is given off Gelasini , Incisive teeth - d. Incisores, Incisive
    by the internal maxillary and runs through the teeth-d . Lactei, see Dentition - d. Laniarii ,
    dental canal , issuing at the mental foramen, Canine teeth - d.Molares,Molar teeth - d. Mor
    after having given numerous ramifications to dentes, Canine teeth--d. Oculares, Canine
    the teeth and jaw. teeth - d. Primores, Incisive teeth - d. Rasorii,
    The Dental ARCHES, ( F.) Arcades dentaires Incisive teeth - d. Serotini , see Dentition-d.
    are the arches , formed by the range of alveoli Tomici, Incisive teeth .
    in each jaw. DENTICEPS , Dentagra .
    Dental Cav'ity , (F. ) Cavité dentaire, a cavity DENTICULA'TUM ,(Ligamentum ,)diming
    in the interior of the teeth , in which is situate tive of dens, ' a tooth . A slender cord, situate
    the dental pulp. between the anterior and posterior fasciculi of
    Dental Canals, ( F.) Conduits dentaires, the spinal nerves , and between the tunica arach
    Maz'illary canals. The bony canals , through noidea and pia mater. It is attached to the dura
    which the vessels and nerves pass to the inte mater, where that membrane issues from the
    rior of the teeth . cranium , and accompanies the spinal marrow
    Dental Car’TILAGE, Cartild'go denta'lis. to its inferior extremity. It sends off, from its
    The cartilaginous elevation , divided by slight outer edge, about 20 slender processes, in the
    fissures, on the biting margins of the gums in form of denticuli, each of which is fixed by
    infants , prior to dentition . It is a substitute for minute fibres to the dura mater in the inter
    the teeth . stices of the fasciculi.
    Dental Fol'lICLE , ( F.) Follicule dentaire. DENTICULUS , Crena.
    A membranous follicle, formed of a double DENTIDUCUM , Dentagra.
    lamina, in which the teeth are contained before DENTIER, ( F.) from dens, ' a tooth ,' Den
    they issue from the alveoli , and which , conse- ture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on metal
    quently, aids in the formation of the alveolo- or ivory , to be adjusted to the alveolar margin.
    dental periosteum , and of the membrane that Dentiers are simple or double . To the latter,
    envelops the pulp of the teeth. The dental the name Râteliers is given , i . e . to the full set.
    follicles are lodged in the substance of the DENTIFORM , Dentiform'is, from dens, a
    jaws. tooth , ' and forma, ' form.'Resembling a tooth
    DENTAL GANGRENE, Caries Dén'tium , Odon- in DENTIFORMIS
    shape.
    talg''ia cario'sa, Necrosis Den'tium . Gangrene , Odontoid .
    or caries of the teeth. See Caries . DEN’TIFRICE , Dentifricium , Tooth poro
    DENTAL NERVES. ( F.) Nerfs dentaires. der, Odontorim'ma, Odontosmegʻma, from dens,
    Nerves which pass to the teeth. Those of the " a tooth ,' and frica're, 'to rub ;' a name, given
    upper incisors and canine are furnished by the to different powders and pastes proper for
    infra.orbitar nerve, a branch of the superior cleansing the enamel of the teeth, and remov,
    maxillary; and those of the molares by the ing the tartar which covers them. Powdered
    trunk of the same nerve. The teeth of the bark, and charcoal, united to any acidulous
    lower jaw receive their nerves from the infe- salt - as cream of tartar - form one of the most
    rior maxillary , which , as well as the superior common dentifrices.
    maxillary, arises from the 5th pair. The POUDRE DENTIFRICE of the Parisian Co
    DENTAL PULP. (F.) Pulpe dentaire. A pul-dex is composed of Bole Armeniac, red coral,
    taceous substance, of a reddish.gray colour, [ prepared,)and cattlefish bones,aā zvj , dragon's
    very soft and sensible, which fills thecavity of blood ziij, cochineal 3 ), creamof tartar, zix, cin
    the teeth. It is well supplied with capillary namonij, cloves, gr. xij, well mixed.
    vessels . The ELECTUAIRE OU Opiat DENTIFRICE, of
    DENTISCALPIUM 225 DEPLETION
    the Codex , consists of coral ziv , cuttlefish bones shape as the old ; and they are more numerous ;
    and cinnamon āā zij, cochineal 3ss, honey 3x , amounting, till the age of 25 (sooner or later,)
    alum gr . iv or v . to 28. About this period , a small molaris ap
    Charcoal, finely powdered and mixed with called at the
    pears the extreinity of each jaw , which is
    Dens sapientiæ or wisdom tooth , Dens
    chalk , forms as good a dentifrice as any.
    DENTISCALPIUM . from dens , a tooth,' serotinus, Dens sophroreticus, (F.) Arrière dent,
    and scalpere, ' to scrape,' odontoglyphum . This Dent de sagesse,making the whole number of
    word has been applied to the instrument used permanent teeth 32. During the period of denti
    for scaling the teeth ; to the tooth.pick, ( F. ) tion, i. e. of the first dentition, the infant is
    Cure-dent; and to the guin lancet, (q. v.)—thé especially liable to disease. The irritation, pro
    déchaussoir of the French . duced by the pressure of the tooth on the su .
    DENTIST, Denta'rius, Dental Surgeon , Sur- perincumbent gum , sometimes occasioning py
    geon -Dentist. One, who devotes himself to the rexia, convulsions, diarrhæa, &c . , which symp
    study of the diseases of the teeth, and their toms are often strikingly relieved by a free
    treatment . division of the distended gum . This disordered
    DEN'TISTRY, Dental Surgery, Odontotech'- condition is called teething, Odon'tia dentitio'
    ny. The art of the dentist. nis , Odonti'asis, Odontalgia dentitio'nis,Odazis'.
    DENTITION , Denti'tio,Odontoph /ia ,Teeth- mus.
    ing, Odonti'usis, from denti're, “ to breed teeth . ' DENTIUM CORTEX , Enamel of the teeth
    The exit of theteeth from the alveoli and gums; |--d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d. Nitor, Enamel of
    or rather the phenomena which characterize the the teeth - d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,)
    different periods of their existence. The gerins see Gun lancet.
    of the first teeth , dentes lactei or milk teeth, ( F.) ! DENTOIDEUS , Odontoid .
    dents de lait, are visible in the fætus about the DENTS BICUSPIDÉES, Bicuspid teeth
    end of the second month ; and they begin to be d . Col des, Collum dentium-d. Conoides, Ca.
    ossified from the end of the third to that of the nine teeth -d . de Lait, see Dentition - d . Mâ.
    sixth month . At birth , the corona of the inci . chelières, Molar teeth-d . Molaires, Molar teeth
    sors is formed , but that of the canine is not -d. Multicuspidées, Molar teeth, great - d .
    completed ; and the tubercles of the molares illères - Canine teeth .
    are not yet all united . Gradually, the fang be- DENTURE , Dentier.
    comes developed ; and at about 6 or 8 months DENUDATION ,Denuda'tio,Gymno'sis,from
    begins, what is commonly called, the first den- denuda're, ' to lay bare.' Condition of a part,
    ti'tion , Odon'tia dentitio'nis lactan'tium . The deprived of its natural coverings, whether by
    two middle incisors of the lower jaw commonly wounds, gangrene , or abscess. It is particu
    appear first ; and , some time afterwards, those larly applied to the bones, when deprived of
    of the upper jaw ; afterwards, the two lateral their periosteum .
    incisors of the lower jaw ; and then , those of DEOB'STRUENT, Deob'struens, Dephrac'
    the upper; followed by the four anterior mo- ticum , Deoppilans, Deoppilati'vum , from de
    lares ; the canine or eyje-teeth, at first, those of and obstru'ere, “ to obstruct.' (F.) Désobstru
    the lower, and afterwards, those of the upper ant, Désobstructif,Désopilatif,Désopilant. Medi
    jaw next appear ; and , subsequently and suc- cines, given with the view of removing any
    cessively , the 4 first molares -- 2 above and 2 obstruction . The word corresponds to aperient,
    below , i on each side . The whole number of in its general, not in its particular sense . It is
    the primary, tem 'porary ,deciduous, shedding, now almost abandoned, and, when used, con
    or milk.teeth , (dentes tempora'rii,) ( F.) Dents de veys by no means definite ideas.
    lait, is now 20 . DEOPPILATIVUM , Deobstruent.
    The second denti'tion or shedding of the teeth , DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished,
    odon'tia dentitio'nis puerilis, begins about the DEPERDITIO , Abortion .
    age of 6 or 7. The germs or membranous folli- DEPHRACTICUM , Deobstruent ,
    cles of these second teeth-to the number of 32 DÉPILATIF , Depilatory .
    -as well as the rudiments of the teeth them- DEPILATIO , Alopecia - d. Capitis, Calvi.
    selves, are visible , even in the fætus, with the ties.
    exception of those of the small molares, which DEPILATION , Depila'tio, Dropacis'mus,
    do not appear till after birth. They are con- Made sis, Madi'sis, Psilo'sis, from de and pilus,
    tained in alveoli of the same shape as those of hair. ' Loss of hair, either spontaneously or
    the first dentition . Their ossification com- by art.
    mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth , in the DEPIL’ATORY, Depilato'rium , Dropar, Psi
    incisors and first molares ; at 8 or nine months lo'thron , Ectilloticus, Epilato'rium .. (F.) Dé
    in the canine; about three years, in the mo- pilatoire, Dépilatif. Any thing, which causes
    lares ; 3. in the second great molares, and the loss of the hair. Depilatories are , usually,
    about 10 years in the last. As the alveolus of caustic applications, in which quicklime or
    a new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the some other alkaline substance, sulphuret of iron ,
    septum between it and that of the correspond . & c ., enters .
    ing milk tooth is absorbed , and disappears . The COLLEY'S DEPILATORY seems to consist of
    root of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed ; its quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potass.
    corona becomes loose and falls out, and all the A pitch plaster is sometimes used as a depila
    first teeth are gradually replaced by the perma- tory . It, of course,pulls the hair outby the roots.
    nent teeth, Dentes serotini . This second den . DEPLE'TION , Deple'tio , from depleo , I un .
    tition becomes necessary in consequence of the load. ? . The act of unloading the vessels, by
    increased size of the jaws. The new teeth blood -letting, and the different evacuants . Also,
    have neither the same direction nor the same inordinate evacuation .
    29
    DEPLUMATIO 226 DERIVATIVE

    DEPLUMATIO , Ptilo'sis, from deplu'mis, their purity ; and of directing them towards Cat
    « without feathers.' ' A disease of the eyelids, some one of the natural emunctories. The
    in which they are swollen, and the eyelashes juices of what were called antiscorbutic herbs,
    fall out . See Madarosis . sulphur, and manyother medicines were ranked
    DEPOSIT, Feculence. under this class .
    DÉPOT, Abscess, Sediment-d. Laiteuse sur DÉPURATIFS, Depurantia. D.
    la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens . DEPURATION . Same etymon. Catha .
    DEPREHENSIO , Diagnosis , Epilepsy . D
    rismos, Munda'tio. In Pathology, depuration DE
    DEPRAVA'TION , Deprara'tio , from prarus, has been used for the process by which nature
    " bad ,' perversion, corruption ;—as depravation purifies the animal economy, either by the DE
    of the taste , & c . agency of some eruptive disease , or some spon
    DEPRESSION, Depressio, from depri'mere, ta neous evacuation, or by the assistance ofme
    ' to depress ;' Esphlasis. In Anatomy, it means dicine . See Clarification. bort
    an excavation , hollow , or fossa. In Surgery, it DEPURATORY, Same etymon . Depura
    is applied to a fracture of the cranium , in which to'rius. That which causes depuration , as the DE
    the portions of fractured bone are forced in- urinary and cutaneous depurations. Applied,
    wards; ( F.) Subgrondation, Entablement ; called, also , to diseases , which have been considered
    also, Campsis Depres'sio, Thlasis Depres'sio. capable of modifying the constitution advan DEI
    Depression also means Couching . – Sée Cata- tageously , by acting on the composition of the DEF
    ract. fluids - such as certain eruptions, intermittents,
    DÉPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax . &c. The word is , also, appropriated to medi. DEE
    DEPRES'SOR, (F.) Abaisseur. Same ety- cines and diet, by which the same effect is ‫ܪܡ‬
    mon . Several muscles have been so termed, sought to be induced .
    because they depress the parts on which they DERANGEMENT, Insanity. DEE
    act. DERBIA , Impetigo.
    DEPRESSOR ALÆ Nasi, D. labii superioris DERENCEPH'ALUS, from deon, ' the neck ,'
    alæque nasi, Incisi'rus medius, Myrtiformis, and requir, "head .' A 'monster whose head
    Depressor Labii superioris proprius, Constric with the brain is in the neck.-G. St. Hilaire.
    to'res ala'rum nasiac depresso'res la'bii superio- DERIS , Cutis. DER
    ris - Maxillo -alréoli-nasal.- part of the labialis DÉRIVATIF, Derivative . DER
    (Ch.,) ( F.) Abaisseur de l'aile du nez . It arises DERIVATION, Deritatio, Deflec'tio , Paro
    from the superior maxillary bone immediately cheteu'sis, Reculsion. When a centre of flux
    above the junction of the gums with the two ion ' is established in a part, for the purpose of
    incisor and canine teeth ; and passes upwards abstracting the excited vital manifestations DER
    to be inserted into the upper lip and root of the from some other , a derivation is operated.
    ala nasi, which it pulls downwards . The term DENVATioN has likewise been ap
    DEPRESSOR AN'guli Oris, Triangula'ris, plied to the suction power of the heart,-an im .
    Depressor labio'rum commu'nis, Depressor la- portant agency in the circulation of the blood.
    biorum ,-Sousmaxillo-labial,Marillo-labial (Ch. ) DERIVATIVE, Deflectens, from derira're, LES
    (F.) Abaisseur de l'angle des lévres ou Muscle to drain off.' Antispas tic, Rerellent, Revulsire.
    Triángulaire. A muscle, situate at the lower Same etymon. ( F.) Dériratif. A remedy, DES.
    part of the face. Its form is triangular. It arises which by producing a modified action in some bespi
    from the outer , oblique line on the lower jaw organ or texture derires from the morbid con t
    bone , and terminates in a point at the commis- dition of some other organ or texture . Revel urda
    sure of the lips , which it pulls downwards . lents are amongst the most important of reme
    DEPRESSOR LA'Bu INFERIO'Ris; Quadra'tus, dies: they include, indeed , every physical and
    Quadra'tus menti,Depres'sor labii inferio'ris pro- moral agent, which is capable of modifying the 3a
    prius, - Mentonier-labiul,Mento-labial, (Ch.) ( F. ) function of innervation , and therefore almost the dooi
    Carré du Menton , Houppe du Menton, Abaisseur every article of the materia medica .
    de la lèvre inférieure. A small, thin ,and quad . The following is a list of the chief local De
    rilateral muscle ,which arises from the external rivatives. DES
    oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascends to
    the lower lip, where it becomes confounded 1. EPISPASTICS. Caloric . mani
    3. SUPPIRANTS .
    with the orbicularis oris. It pulls the lower AcidumNitricum
    Aceticum, , Acida Mineralia ,
    lip downwards and outwards . Antimonii et Potasse DES
    DEPRESSOR LABU SUPERIORIS PROPRIUS, D. Allium Sulphuricum
    Salivum , , Tartras, DES
    Ammonia ,
    Alæ nasi-d . Labiorum communis , D. Anguli Ammoniacum Cantharis,
    Mezereum ,
    DES
    orismd . Oculi , Rectus inferior oculi. ,
    Asafatida, Pix Abietis , DEA
    DEPRESSOR PAL'PEBRÆ INFERIO'ris. А Capsicum , Sabina, bend
    fleshy bundle , which forms part of the palpe- Gaibanum , Tiglii Oleum .
    bralis muscle. Heister describes it separately, Olea Essentialia , Fonticulus ,
    but it is not admitted now . Pix Abietis, Setaceum .
    DEPRESSORIUM , Meningophylax . Sinapis .
    Caloric , 4. ESCHAROTICS .
    DEPRIMENS AURICULÆ , Retrahens Friction . a . Erodents, keress
    auris — d. Maxille biventer, Digastricus - d. 2. VESICANTS . Acidum Aceticum ,
    Oculi , Rectus inferior oculi . Ammonia , Acida Mineralia,
    Argenti Nitras, Alumen Exsiccatum ,. DE
    DEPURAN'TIA , from depura're , 'to purify .' Cantharis, Argenti Nitras, DATE
    ( F.) Dépuratifs. Medicines were formerly so Vittata , Cupri Acetas ,
    ian
    Sulphas ,
    called , which were supposed to possess the Hydrargyri
    IoduretumDeut
    , Sabina, ‫ܠ‬D݁‫ܐܬ‬Eܳ
    property of removing, from the mass of blood Ranunculus , Saccharum Purissimum ,
    or humours, those principles, which disturbed Sinapis , b . Actual Cauterants ,
    DERMA 227 DETRITUS

    Caloric WhiteMoxa Hot Iron ,


    ,
    Antimonii Murias,
    Argenti Nitras ,
    DESMOID TISSUE, Ligamen'tous Tissue,
    c . Potential Caulerants, Calx , Textus desmo'sus. This tissue is very generally
    Acidum Arseniosum , Potassa , diffused over the human body ; has a very close
    Nitricum , cum Calce . connexion with the cellular tissue , and is con
    Sulphuricum , tinuous with it, in divers places. It constitutes
    DERMA , Cutis. the ligaments, aponeuroses, &c .
    DERMATAGRA , Pellagra . 6
    DESMOL'OGY, Desmolog''ia, from deopos;
    ligament,' and i.oyoş,' a discourse ,'' treatise .
    DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous in- Thatpartof anatomy,which describes the liga
    flammation . ments .
    DERMATOID , Dermatoi'des, from depua,
    'similar
    the skin
    to ,'theandskin.
    zidos This
    , ' form .' isThat
    name givenwhich is DESMOPHLOGY,
    to dif:40s,
    Desmophlog'ia ; from deo .
    ' a ligament,' and wi0 20s, inflamed.' In
    flammation of the ligaments .
    ferent tissues, which resemble the skin . The DESMORRHEXIS , from dequos , ' a liga
    dura mater has been so called by some .
    ment ,' and
    DERMATOLOGY, Dermology , from degua ,articular ongis , . rupture .' Rupture of an
    ligament
    the skin ,' and hoyos , a discourse .' A dis DESMOS , Ligament.
    course or treatise of the skin .
    DERMATOLYLUS, Callosity. DESMOTYOMY, Desmoto'mia ; from deonos,
    6
    DERMITIS , Cytitis . a ligament,' and TEMPELV, 6 to cut. ' The part
    anatomy, which teaches the mode of dis
    DERMOG'RAPHY , Dermogra 'phia , from of secting the ligaments.
    dequa, ' the skin ,' and yoamu, ' I describe.' An DESOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent.
    anatomical description of the skin . DESOBSTRUCTIF , Deobstruent.
    DERMOID , Dermoïdes, Dermo'des, from DESOPILATIF , Deobstruent.
    dequa, 'the skin ,' and eidos , form .' Resembling, DÉSORGANISATION , Disorganization .
    in consistence, texture, and configuration , the DÉSOXYGENÈSES. M. Baumes includes
    skin :-as dermoid texture , applied to mucous under this title , an order of diseases , which lie
    membranes, &c . considers dependent upon a diminution in the
    DERMOLOGY, Dermatology.
    DERMOT'OMY, Dermoto'mia ; from dsqua, quantity of the oxygen necessary for the ani.
    mal economy:
    ' the skin ,' and Teutelv, ' to cut. The part of DESPOTAT . ( F. ) Milites despotati. In
    anatomy, which treats of the structure of the firm soldiers, formerly charged with the office
    skin .
    DERTRON , degtoor. This word, which is of removing the wounded from the field of bat .
    tle : perhaps from desporta'tor, ' one who bears
    used by Hippocrates, signified, according to away. The class of 'Despotais was introduced
    some, the omentum or peritoneum ; but accord by Leo VI., at the commencement of the 9th
    ing to others, the small intestine . See Epi century :
    ploon . DESPUMA’TION , Despuma'tio , Apaphris'.
    DESCENTE, Hernia—d. de la Matrice, Pro mos , Epaphris'mos, from despuma're, to skim , '
    cidentia uteri .
    DESARTICULATION, (F.) from de, and “froth to remove the froth
    and other . ' The
    impurities separation
    , which rise, of the
    by the
    articulus, ' a joint. ' Disjointing. A word used action of fire,to the surface of any Auid.
    to express the part of the operation , in ampu DESQUAMATION , Desquama'tio Cutis,
    tation at an articulation, which consists Eclepisis, Aposyr'ma, from desquama're,
    in ' to
    dividing the ligaments, and separating the ar- scale off.' Exfoliation , (q. v . ) or separation of
    ticular surfaces . The word has, also, been the epidermis, in the form of scales,of a greater
    usedobject
    the for that kind of
    of which anatomical preparation
    is, toseparate the different, orlesssize. This affection is a common conse
    bones of the skeleton, and especially those of quence of exanthematous diseases.
    DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative .
    DESCALORINÈSES. A name , given by DESSÉCHEMENT, Atrophy , Draining.
    DESSICCATIFS, Desiccativa.
    Baumes to diseases , which are characterized DESTILLATIO , Coryza.
    by diminished heat: from de, ' from, ' and calor, DESUDATIO, Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina,
    heat . ' Hidro'a . Desudation means a profuse and in
    DÉSENFLURE, Détumescence. ordinate sweating ; but, most commonly , the
    DESICCATIO , Draining. term is applied to an eruption of small pim
    DESICCATION , Drying. ples , similar to millet seed, which appears
    DESICCATI'VA , Siccan'tia, Ersiccati'ra, chiefly on children , and is owing to want of
    from desicca' re, ' to dry up .' ( F. ) Dessiccatifs. cleanliness .
    Remedies, which , when applied externally , dry DETENTIA , Catalepsy .
    up the humours or moisture from a wound . DETERGENS, Abstergent.
    DESIPIENTIA , Delirium . DETERGENTS , from deter'gere , ' to
    DESMA, Des'mē, Desmos, dequa , deouri, cleanse . ' Detergen'tia , Abstergen'tia , Smectica,
    d &oulos, a bandage, a ligament, (q. v.) Hence : Emundantia, Mundificati'va, Řhyp'tica, ( F. ) Dé
    DESMEDION , Fasciculus. tersifs, Mondificatifs. Medicines, which possess
    DESMOCHAÚNO'SIS, from deouos, “ liga- the power to deterge or cleanse wounds, ulcers,
    ment,' and zavrwors, relaxation . Relaxation & c. They belong to the class of stimulants, or
    of an articular ligament. to that of emollients .
    DESMOGʻRAPHY, Desmogra'phia , from DÉTERSIFS, Detergents.
    deonos , ' a ligament,' and yoaqn, a description .' DÉTORSE , Sprain .
    An anatomical description of the ligaments. DETRI'TUS,' from deter'ere, to bruise or
    DÉTROIT ABDOMINAL 228 DIACASSIA CUM MANNA

    wear out.' The inorganic residuum , occupying | tained by the continued action of diluted sul. I

    95-000'leres
    the place of the organic texture of parts which phuric acid upon starch at the boiling point.
    have undergone disorganization. It is used in the treatment of fractures, by the
    DETROIT ABDOMINAL , Pelvis (brim ) - immovable apparatus. The bandages are soaked
    d. Inférieur, Pelvis (outlet) —d. Périnéal, Pel. in a solution of the dextrine - previously mois
    vis ( outlet) -d. Supérieur, Pelvis (brim .) tened thoroughly with tincture of camphor,
    DETRONCATION, Detruncatio. to prevent it from leaking when the water is
    DETRUNCATION. Detrunca'tio, (F. ) Dé . added-in water. The solution should be of
    troncation. Separation of the trunk from the the consistence of molasses.
    head of the fætus, the latter remaining in the DI , di , dış , ' bis , twice , double . Hence , D
    uterus . Dicrotus, Digastricus , & c .
    DETRU'SOR URINÆ , from detru'dere,' to DIA , dia , in composition, ' through, asun
    thrust out.' The muscular coat of the urinary der, out of, separated. When prefixed to any
    bladder was formerly so called. It was , also, therapeutical agent , it meant, in ancient phar
    named, Constrictor Vesi'cæ Urina'rie . macy , a preparation into which that agent en
    DÉTUMESCENCE , ( F. ) Detumescen'tia , tered . Carca
    from detu 'mere , to cease to swell . ' A diminu. DIABEBOS, Astragalus , Malleolus. DIE
    tion of swelling . This word has nearly the DIABE'TES, from dia , ' through ,' and Bairat,
    same signification as the French word Ďésen- ' I pass. Urine proflu'rium , Sipho urina. ' Uror
    flure. The latter, is, however ,more particularly rhag''ia, Phthisu'ria , Polyuria , Hydrops ad
    applied to the diminution of ædema or ana- mal'ulam , H. Matelle , Melitu'ria , Dip'sacos,
    sarca : the other, to the resolution of a tumour, Diarrha'a in Urinâ, ( F. ) Flur d'Urine . " A dis 4
    properly so called. ease , characterized by great augmentation and
    DEUNX . The ancient name of a weight manifest alteration in the secretion of urine ;
    of 11 ounces, supposing the pound to consist with excessive thirst , and progressive emacia 心
    of 12. tion . Cullen has described two species :-Dia LI
    DEURENS (FEBRIS ), Causus. betes insip'idus and D. Melli'tus, (F. ) Diabète DA
    DEUTERA , Secundines. faux ou insipide , et Diabète ; the former being,
    DEUTERI'A , from devtepos, the second. ' simply, a superabundant discharge of limpid
    Vogel has used this term for the symptoms pro urine, of its usual , urinary taste : the latter :
    duced by retention of the secundines. The word the D. Mélli'tus, called, also, Paru'ria Mellita, DLA
    was also applied , by the Greeks , to a second or Diabetes An'glicus, Apoceno'sis Diabetes Melli
    interior wine. tus , -falls under the definition given above .
    DEUTEROPATHI'A , Mor'bus secunda’rius, The quantity of urine, discharged in the 24 2.ar
    from devTEDOS , ' the second ,' and na90 $ , dis- hours, is sometimes excessive , amounting to 30
    ease . ' A secondary disease. One produced by pints and upwards : and each pint containing
    another, and of which it is only , in somemea. sometimes 21 oz . of saccharine matter. The
    sure , symptomatic , or the sympathetic effect. saccharine matter replaces the urea ; which is
    DEUTO, DEUTEPOS, second.' A prefix de- not found in the urine of those labouring under
    noting two or double , as deutoride, having two diabetes. Where the disease is situate is not
    degrees of oxidation . clear. The whole system of nutrition, however,
    DEVEL'OPEMENT, from (F.) déveloper, seems to be morbidly implicated. A part of
    to unfold .' In Physiology, it means growth or the urine must be formed at the expense of the
    increase ; and in Pathology, its signification is system , as the egesta frequently far exceed the
    similar. By development of the pulse, e. g . is solid and liquid ingesta. On dissection, nomor
    understood
    pess .
    an increase in its strength and ful. bid appearance is met with , sufficient to enable
    us to fix on the seat of this distressing affection.
    DEVIA’TION , Devia'tio, from de , ' from ,' All the remedies, that have been tried, have
    and via , the way .' Out of the way . By usually been found insufficient in the D. Melli
    this word is meant - a vicious curvature of tus. The D. insipidus, Hyperure'sis aquo'sa,
    the spine or other bones ;-faulty direction of which occurs in hysterical habits, and has ,
    the teeth or other part:-the passage of blood, hence, been called 'D. hyster'icus, is of com
    bile, urine, milk , & c. into vessels not natural paratively trifling mornent. Exclusive diet,and
    to them , &c. attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira
    DEVIL IN A BUSH , Nigella. tion, which have sometimes produced good ef
    DEVIL'S DUNG , Asafetida. fects in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed .
    DEVIRGINATIO , Defloration , Stuprum . DIABETES LACTEA , Chyluria.
    DÉVOIEMENT, Diarrhæa. DIABOT'ANUM , froin dic and Botarn , ' an
    DEWBERRY , AMERICAN, see Rubus cæ- herb .' A medicine, prepared with herbs.
    sius-d . Plant , Rubus cæsius . Galen .
    DEWCLAWS , Crusta genu equine. DIABROSIS , Erosion , Corrosion .
    DEXOCARD'IA ; from dezcos, right ;' and DIABROTICUS, from dia , ' through ,' and
    xaodia , the heart.' ' A case in which the heart sowoxu), “ I eat or corrode . ' A substance, capa
    is found to beat on the right side. It is met ble of causing erosion of the part to which it is
    with in pleurisy and pneumothorax. applied . It ordinarily means a medicine , whose
    activity places it between escharotics and caus
    DEX'TANS. A weight of 10 ounces, sup- tics . See Corrosive .
    posing the pound to consist of 12.
    DEXTRINE, from Dexter, right-handed .' DIACAR'YON , from dia and zagvor, " a nut. '
    So called , from its refracting the rays , in the Rob nucum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts.
    polarization of light, more to the right hand DIACASSIA CUM MANNA , Confectio
    ihan any substance known. A substance ob- cassiæ.
    DIACATHOLICON 229 DIALEPSIS

    DIACATHOL'ICON , Diacatholicum , from generally signifies an oblique incision , made in


    dia and zagoàızos, “ universal. ' The name of a the cranium by a sharp instrument, without
    purge, so called from its general usefulness. It the piece being removed. It is not now em.
    was an electuary , and coinposed of the pulp of ployed .
    cassia,tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of poly- DIACOPRÆ'GIA , from dia, x07100s , & ex
    pody, flowers of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed , crement,' aiš , aiyos, . a goat. ' A name given ,
    sugar, liquorice, and fennel. in Blancard's Lexicon , to a medicine , composed
    DIACAU'SIS, from drazavw, ' I burn.' Ex- of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in
    diseases of the spleen , parotids, &c.
    cessive heat. Overheating. DJACRISES ; from dia , and xpirw, I sepa
    DIACAUSÄTIC . Same etymon. Diacaus'.
    ticus. That which is caustic by refraction ; as rate. ' A class of diseases characterized by al
    a double convex lens , which has been some- terations of secretion .-Gendrin .
    times used for cauterizing an ulcer by directing DIACYDONITES , Cydoniatum .
    the sun's rays upon it. DIADEMA, Fascia cap'itis, Redimic'ulum ,
    DIA CELÍATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis from diudew), “ I surround.'. A sort of bandage ;
    Cornachini. advised in headache, in which relaxation of the
    DIACHALA'SIS, from dra yadaelr, ' to be sutures was apprehended . - Forestus.
    open or relaxed. ' Hippocrates uses this word DIADERMIATRI'A , from dia, depua, ' the
    for fracture of the bones of the skull ; or for re- skin , ' and targeta , “ healing .' Treatment by the
    laxation and separation at the sutures, in con- skin, as by the endermic and iatraleptic me
    sequence of a wound of the head . — Hippocrates. thods.
    DIACHALCITEOS, from dia and yaanitis, DIADEX'IS, Diad'ochê, Metatopto'sis, from
    chalcitis or colcothar.' A plaster , whose com- diadexomar, ' I transfer ,' ' I succeed to .' A
    position is the same as that of the diapalma, ex- transformation of a disease into another differ
    cept that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a ing from the former ,both in its nature and seat.
    mixture of oil and colcothar is substituted. DIADOCHE, Diadexis.
    DIACHEIRISMOS, Tracta'tio manua'ria ; DIAD'OSIS , from diadidwal, ' to distribute .'
    from dia and 7810 , the hand.' The preparation, In some authors, it means the distribution of
    administration , and dispensing of medicines.- nutritive matter over the whole body ; in other
    Hippocr . words , nutrition ; whilst, in others , it is syno
    DIACHORE'MA, Diachore'sis, from dia- nymous with the remission or cessation of a
    201080 ), ' I separate from .' Every kind of ex- disease.
    creted matter and excretion ; but more par- DIÆ'RESIS , from dlaipew, ' I divide,' " I se
    ticularly the fæces and alvine excretion.- parate . ' A division (9. v .) or solution of con
    Foësius, Gorræus. See Excrement. tinuity . A surgical operation, which consists
    DIACHORESIS , Excretion. in dividing any part of the body.
    DIACHRISIS , Inunction . DIÆRETICUS, Caustic .
    DIACHRISTĂ , from dia and 2010 , Ianoint . ' DIÆTA , Diet.
    Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum DIÆTE'MA . It has the same signification
    palati, the palate itself, the tongue, &c. Pro- as Diet with most authors. Galen gives it a
    bably garglez. Paulus of Ægina. more extensive meaning; comprising, under
    DÍACH’YLON OR DIACH’YLUM , from dia it, what constitutes Hygiène.
    and xvàos, juice ; ' i . e . composed of juices . DIAGNO'SIS , Dignotio, Diagnosticē, De
    The plaster of this name was formerly made of prehen 'sio, from dia and yerooxw, I know .'
    certain juices. The term is now confined to Discrimination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique.
    the EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI or Lead Plaster . That part of Medicine whose object is the dis
    DACHYLON CUM GUMMI, Emplastrum gum- crimination of disease — the knowledge of the
    mosum - d. Gommé, Emplastrum cum guinmi- pathognomonic signs of each . It is one of the
    resinis — d. Gum , Emplastrum gummosum- d. most important branches of general Pathology.
    Magnum cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani DIAGNOS’TIC , Discreti'rus, Diagnosticus ;
    comp.-d. Simplex, Emplastrum plumbi- d. same etymon . A symptom which is charac
    White, Emplastrum plumbi — d. Yellow , Em- teristic of a disease .
    plastrum , gummosum . DIAGRYDIUM , Convolvulus scammonia.
    DIACHYTICA , from dia and xvo), ' I poui DiagryD'IUM Cydonia'tum ,from diagtydium ,
    out. ' Medicines , which discuss tumours. scammony,' and cydonium , quince.' A phar
    DIACINE'MA, from dia and xuveu), ' I move. ' maceutical preparation,obtained by inspissating
    A slight dislocation. - Celsus , Galen. A sub- and drying, by means of heat, two parts of
    luxation . scammony and one of quince juice. It was for
    DIACLYSMA , Gargarism . merly used as an energetic purgative.
    DIACOCCYMELON , Diaprunum . DIAGRYD'IUM GLYCYRRHIZA'TUM . An analo.
    DIACODION , Syrupus papaveris . gous preparation , containing extract of liquo
    DIACODIUM , Conſec'tio ex Capit'ibus Pa: rice in place of quince juice.
    paderis; from dia and xudia, a poppyhead.' Diagnyv’IUM SULPHURA'TUM. Scammony,
    (F.) Diacode. The ancients had various forms which has been exposed to the vapour of burn
    for preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies - Syru'- ing sulphur. These diagrydia are not now
    pus Papav'eris - is now substituted for it used .
    DIACOPE , Abscission , Dissection , Intersec- DIALEIMA , Apyrexia.
    tion . DIALEIPSIS , Intermission .
    Diac'ope, En'copē, from dia and xonTELY, DIALEIPYRA , Intermittent fever.
    " to cut. A cut, incision, fissure, or longitu- DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, Diar'ochæ , from
    dinal fracture . When used , since Galen, it diadaußarw , I intercept.'- Hippocrates em.
    DIALYSIS 230 DIAPHRAGMATIC

    ploys this word for the interstices ,or intervals, DIAPHORE'SIS , from diapopew , ' I dissi
    left between the turns of a bandage . pate .' A greater degree of perspiration than
    DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from dia and avoiç. natural, but less than in sweating. Every kind
    Solution .' A dissolution (9 v .) or loss of of cutaneous evacuation.
    strength . Weakness of the limbs. Also , a so. DIAPHORETIC . Same etymon ; Diapno'
    lution of continuity . icus, Diophoreticus. Medicines which excite
    DIAMANT, Diamond. diaphoresis. They are very uncertain as a
    DIAMASTEMA , Masticatory . class .
    DIAM'BRÆ SPECIES. À name given , The following is a list of the chief reputed
    by the ancients, to powders, one of which bore Diaphoretics :
    the name - Spc'cies dian 'bræ sine odoratis ; the Ammoniæ Acetatis Liquor. Ipecacuanha .
    other, that of - Spe'cies diam'bræ cum odora'tis. Carbonas. Mezereum .
    The former was composed of cinnamon , angelica Antimonialis pulvis. Opium - and its active prin
    Toot; cloves, mace,nutmeg, galangu, cardamom , Antimonii et Potassæ Tar Sarsaparilla
    ciple Morphia .
    .
    and numerous other substances ; the latter , Antimonii Sulphuretuin Sassafras.
    besides, had ambergris and musk . These pow- præcipitatum . Serpentaria.
    ders were used as tonics, in cases of debility of Asclepias tuberosa. Spiritus Ætheris Nitrici,
    Camphora . Sulphur.
    the stomach , and in certain nervous affections. Contraye rva . Xani hoxylum .
    Dulcamara .
    DIAMNES, Enuresis. Caloric .
    DI'AMOND, Ad'umas, from a privative, and Guaiac
    Eupatorium perfoliatum .
    i Lignum.
    Exercise, (active.)
    Friction .
    danao), ' I conquer,' ( F. ) Diamant. Invincible ; Guaiacum .
    so called from its hardness. It is the most pre
    cious of all stones, and was formerly conceived The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given
    to possess extraordinary cordial viriues. by some to continued fever, accompanied with
    DIAMO'RUM , Rob er moris, from dia and constant perspiration
    peopov, a mulberry . ' . An ancient syrup , pre- DIAPHORETIC , MINERAL, Antimonium diapho
    pared with honey and mulberry juice . It was reticum .
    employed as a gargle in sore throat. - Galen. DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE . See An
    DIAMOTO'SIS , from uotos ,' charpie ,' lint ' tihectic .
    The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound. DI'APHRAGM , Diaphrag'ma, diaqqayna,
    DIANANCASMOS , Dianancas'mus, from Discreto'rium , Phrenes, Seplum transver'sum ,
    dia and arayxatu , ' I force.' Coaptation , re- Discri'men Thoru'cis et Ventris, Disceptum,
    duction of a fractured or luxated limb . Cine'tus, Diazo'ma, Dissep'tum , Præcor'dia ;
    DIANEMA , Imagination . the Midriff, Succin'gens meinbra'na vel Mus'cu
    DIANTHUS CARYOPHYL'LUS , from lus; from dia, ' between ,' and qpanou , ' I close .'
    Ais, ' Jove,' (?) avgos, í flower,' and caryophyl- A large, azygous muscle; stretched trans
    lum , the clove .' Clove Pink. Also called versely between the thoracic and abdominal
    caryophyllum rubrum , Tu'nica , Tu'nica horten'. cavities , which it separates from each other ;
    sis, T. rubra , Caryophyllushortensis, Clode July tendinous in the centre ; thin , almostcircular,
    flower, Gilliflower. Order, Caryophylleæ , ( F.) and unequally convex, upwards. It is fleshy
    @illel giroflée. The flowers were once much at its circumference, which is attached to the
    used ; but are now only employed in syrup , as cartilago ensiformis, to the six last ribs, to the
    a useful and pleasant vehicle for other medi- aponeurosis stretched from the last rib to the
    cines . transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra ;
    DIAPAL'MA, Phænic'ium Emplas'trum . A and, lastly, to the bodies of the three or four
    plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, first lumbar vertebræ. When it contracts, its
    olive oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of fibres become straight, the chest is enlarged ,
    sulphate'of zinc dissolved in water, and white and the abdomen diminished. It is then an
    war . It is classed amongst the topical, desic- inspiratory muscle . It may, also , diminish the
    cative, emollient, resolvent , detersive , and cica- capacity of the chest ; and be an expiratory
    trizing medicines. Mixed with a quarter of its muscle. This muscle plays an important part
    weight of olive oil,it acquires the consistence in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneezing,
    of an ointment, and forms the Cerate of Dia. laughing,sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, sing:
    palma . ing, vomiting, the excretion of the fæces and
    DIAPAS'MA , from Sanuogelv, ' to sprinkle . ' urine, the expulsion of the fætus, &c .
    A medicine reduced to powder, and sprinkled DIAPHRAGMA CEREBRI , Tentorium- d .
    over the body , or some part of it. Narium , Septum narium-d . Ventriculorum
    DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tio, lateralium cerebri, Septum lucidum.
    from sanndaw , ' 1 leap through .' Exhalation DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA, from daypaypa, the
    of blood , in the form of dew , at the surface of diaphragm ,' and anyos , pain . ' Pain in the
    the skin , or of any membrane. Sveating of diaphragm .
    blood. (F.) Sueur de Sang. Hæmorrha'gia per DIAPHRAGMATIC , Diaphragmaticus.
    diapede'sin, Hematopede'sis, Hæmidro'sis. Belonging to the diaphragm . A name given
    DIAPENSIA CORTUSA , Sanicula. to several vessels and nerves.
    DIAPEN’TES OR DIAPENTĒ , from dia and DiaphragmAT'Ic or PareNIC AR'TERIES.
    21&vtn , ' five.' A medicine composed of five These are distinguished into superior and infe
    ingredients. See Diatessaron . rior. The former, called, also , supradiaphrag
    DIAPHENICON, Diapha'n'r, Medicamen ': matic, are two in number, one on each side.
    lum ex Palmulis,from dia and goirie,' a date.' They arise from the internal mammary , and
    A drastic electuary , of which the date was the descend along the phrenic nerve, to be distri
    chief excipient . buted on the upper surface of the diap agm .
    DIAPHRAGMATITIS 231 DIARTHRODIAL

    The latter, or infradiaphragmatic, are also two DIAPNOICUS , Diaphoretic.


    in number. They arise from the upper part of DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety , jactitation ; from
    the abdominal aorta or from the celiac artery, SLAT0080), ' I doubt.'
    and divide into two principal branches , which DIAPRU'NUM , Diacoccyme'lon . A purga .
    are distributed on the lower surface of the dia- tive electuary ,of which the pulps of prunes and
    phragm and in its substance . rhubarb form the base . By adding to the dia
    The superior diaphragmatic veins follow the prunum simplex a 24th part of powdered scam .
    same course as the arteries, and empty them- mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'oum or compos'
    selves — the right, into the vena cava superior ; itum is formed. It is more active than the
    the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein . former.
    The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration .
    the vena cava inferior . DIAPYESIS , Suppuration – d. Oculi , Hy
    The DiaphRAGMAT'ıc or PureNIC NERVES popyon .
    are two in number ; one on the left side , the DIAPYETICA , Dyapye'mata, from dianunua,
    other on the right. They arise from the se . dianvrous, suppuration Medicines , which
    cond and third nerves of the cervical plexus , promote suppuration .
    about the middle of the neck . They receive DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative.
    two or three filaments from the brachial plexus, DIARÆMIA , (F.) Diarémie, from dia,
    after which they descend into the chest at the through,' pew , Ì flow ,' and 'awa, blood .
    sides of the pericardium, and are distributed on A pathological condition , said to be common
    the diaphragm . in sheep, in which the globules of the blood
    The Diaphragmatic Plex'uses are two in are diminished in quantity ; the blood itself
    number; one right, and the other left. They thinner, and transuding through the coats of
    vessels into the cavities. - Delafore.
    arise from the upper part of the solar plexus , the
    by a small number of branches, which are dis- DIARÉMIE , Diaræmia.
    tributed to the diaphragm , following exactly the DIARIA , Ephemera.
    branches of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. DIAROCHÆ , Dialepsis.
    DIAPARAGMATIC HERNIA , Phrenic Hernia , DIARRHAGE , Fracture .
    Diaphragmatocele. The abdominal viscera are DIARRHEA, from dia , ó through ,' and pew ,
    occasionally protruded through the diaphragm , I flow .' Alvi proflu'vium ,A. fucus aquosus,
    either through some of the natural apertures in Ventris proflu'vium , Cæliorrhæ'a , Cacato'ria,
    the muscle or through deficiencies, or wounds, Coprorrha'a, Catar'rhus intestina'lis, Alvi flur
    or lacerations in it. us, Deflux'io , Lax, Looseness, (F.) Diarrhée.
    The Diaphragmat'ic Ring , ( F. ) Anneau dia- Déroiement, Catarrhe intestinal , Flur de Ventre,
    phragmatique of Chaussier, is a name given Courante. A disease , characterized by frequent,
    to the irregularly quadrilateral aperture, by liquid, alvine evacuations, and which is gene
    which rally owing
    the vena cava inferior passes through mucous to inflammation or irritation of the
    the diaphragm
    . membrane of the intestines. It is com
    DIAPHRAGMATITIS , Diaphragmitis. monly caused by errors in regimen , the use of
    DIAPHRAGMI'TIS, from dayguyua, ' the food noxious by its quality or quantity, &c. It
    diaphragm .' Diaphragmati'tis, Inflamma'tio may be acute or chronic . Many varieties have
    septi transver'si, Paraphreni'tis, Empres'ma been made by some Nosologists — e. g. mucous,
    Pleuri'tis Diaphragmat'ica, Paraphrene'sis Dia- bilious, serous; dependent upon the matters
    phragmat'ica , Influmma'tion of the Di'aphragm . evacuated.
    The terms , Paraphreni'tis and Paraphrend'sis Diarrhæa requires different treatment, ac
    have been obtained from the Peripatetic Phi- cording to its nature. If caused , as it often is ,
    losophy, which supposed the seat of theyon or by improper matters in the intestinal canal,
    soul to be the præcordia. The essential symp these must be evacuated ; and the astringent
    toms of diaphragmitis are :-painful constric- plan of treatment must not be adopted, unless
    tion around the præcordia,with small, quick , ihe discharges seem kept up by irritability of
    laborious breathing . It is a rare disease . the intestines, or unless they are colliquative.
    DIAPH'THORA , from dia and Tendelv,' to The indiscriminate use of astringents is to be
    corrupt.' Corruption (qv ) in general ; more deprecated.
    especially corruption of the fætus in utero A very fatal diarrhæa prevails amongst the
    Hippocr. Also, corruption of the blood in the native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler
    stomach . - Galen . See Abortion . has given the name Diarrha'a hec'tica , because,
    DIAPHYLACTIC , Prophylactic. like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual
    DIAPH’YSIS , from drague, ' I rise between . ' possession of the constitution, to operate upon
    Intersti'tium , Discrimina'tio ; an interstice , in- it with scarcely toany perceptible intermission,
    terval, division. Any thing that separates two and, in general, defy the most powerful re
    bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a medies .
    long bone , Corpus Ossis One of the ligaments DIARRHEA ADIPOSA, Gras.fondure - d . cum
    of the knee.- Hippocrates , Paré . A pepsiâ, Lientery -d . Carnosa, Dysentery - d.
    DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this Chylosa, Celiac Aux-d . Chyniosa , Cæliac
    word synonymously with Diapresis, or Sup- Aux - d Cruenta, Hæmatochezia — d. Dyspep
    PURATION ; others have employed it, in opposi- tica, Lientery - d. Hepatica , Hepatirrhæa - d.
    tion to Myopu . Ingestorum , Lientery - d. Lienteria, Lientery
    DIAPLASIS , Conformation . - in Urina , Diabetes.
    DIAPNOE , Perspiration. DIARTHRO'DIAL , Diarthrodia'lis. Rela
    DIAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS . See ting to diarthroses or movable articulations, as
    Perspiration diarthro'dial articulation . Diarthro'dial carti.
    DIARTHROSIS 232 DICLIDOSTOSIS

    lage or incrusting cartilage is the cartilage | late .' Dilating instruments, such as the dif
    which invests the articular extremity of a ferent kinds of specula for the mouth , anus,
    bone . vagina, & c.
    DIARTHRO'SIS, from diap99ow , 'I articu- DIASTREMMA, Distortion , Perversion ,
    late .' Dearticula'tio, Prosarthrosis , Aparthro'- Sprain .
    sis, Abarticula'tio, Coarticula'tio. (F. ) Emboi- DIASTROPHE , Distortion , Perversion ,
    ture, A movable articulation . One which Sprain .
    permits the bones to move freely on each other DIASTAS.ÆMIA , (F.) Diastasémie , from
    in every direction, as in the case of the shoul. diaotasis, separation ,' and 'kipa ' blood ' A
    der-joint. pathological condition, characterized by a sepa
    DİASATYRI'ON , from dia , and Outuqlov , ration of the elements of the blood globules;
    ' the orchis mas'cula. An electuary , of which the fibrine and albumen separating also from
    this plant formed the base. (?) - Myrepsus. the coloring matter, whilst the fibrine attaches
    The ancients attributed to it the faculty of ex- itself to the valves of the heart. Delaford .
    citing the organs of generation . DIATASIS, Disten’sio , from dateiro , 1
    DIẢSCINCI ANTIDOTUS , Mithridate. distend .' Tension ( q. v .) The reduction of
    DIASCOR’DIUM , from dia and ozodlor, a fracture, by extension and counter-exten
    the water germander .' An electuary, so call- sion ,
    ed because this plant enters into its composi- DIATES'SARON , from dia and TEOOCOES,
    tion. The Parisian Codex has a formula for four.' An electuary , into the composition of
    its preparation, under the title, Electua'rium which entered four medicines; viz . the roots of
    opia'tum astrin'gens vel diascor'dium . ( R. fol . gentian and aristolochia rotunda, and bay ber
    scord. 3 iss,rosar, rubr. , bistort. rad. , gentiana, ries, each zij, honey lb ij. The whole was in.
    tormeniilla , sem . berber. aa 3 ss. zingib., piper. corporated with crtract of juniper. The dia
    long äā 3 ij, cassiæ ligneæ , cinnamom ., dictamn. pentes is nothing more than this electuary,
    cretens., styrac. calamit., galban ., gum . acacia mixed with two ounces of irory shavings. The
    aa 3 ss. bol. oriental. præpar. 3 ij, extract. vinos diutessaron is tonic, and it was formerly em.
    opii z ij,mel. rosat. præp. ib ij, vin .hispan. Ib ss : ployed in cases of stings and bites of venoinous
    fiat electuarium .) In place of the styrar cala- animals. It was regarded as emmenagogue,
    mita, the balsam of tolu or benjamin may be alexiterial , and alexipharmic.
    used . The opium is, in this preparation , in DIATH'ESIS , from datierull, ' I dispose .'
    the proportion of 1 to 184. The diascordium Disposition, constitution , affection of the body :
    is employed in diarrhæa and dysentery , as a predisposition to certain diseases rather than to
    tonic,stomachic ,and astringent. The common others. The principal diatheses, mentioned by
    dose is from a scruple to a drachm and a half. authors , are , the cancerous , scrofulous, scor
    See Pulvis cretæ compositus. butic, rheumatic , gouty , and calculous.
    DIASOSTIC , Prophylactic. DIATHESIS NERVOSA , Nervous diathesis—d.
    DIASPASIS , Divulsio. Sthenica, Sthenia .
    DIASPER'MATON . The ancient name of DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder , com
    two cataplasms, composed of seeds.-Galen, posed of gum tragacanth. Zij, gum arabic 3 j.
    Paulus . and zij, starch 3 ss, liquorice 3 iij, as much of
    DIASPHYXIS , Pulse . the seed of the melon and whitepoppy; seeds of
    DIASTASEMIE , Diastasæmia . the water -melon , cucumber, and gourd, and su
    DIAS'TASIS, ' separation ,' Diaste'ma, Dis. gar candy 3 iij . It was used as a demulcent.
    siden'tia , distance. A separation of bones DIATRI'ON or DIATRI'UM , from dia and
    from each other, and particularly of the bones Toets, ' three.' A medicine, composed of three
    of the cranium ; of the radius from the ulna, ingredients . There were formerly two kinds.
    and the fibula from the tibia . The ancients The first was called Diatri'um Pipereon spe
    used this word to designate the three dimen- cies, and was formed of black and long pepper,
    sions of the body,-length , breadth , and thick- aniseed, thyme, and ginger. It was highly
    ness ; for the interval separating the patient stimulating. The second species was known
    from the physician ; the swelling of varicose under the name , Diatrinsan'talon, Diatri'um
    veins; the time at which some change occurred Santalo'rum pulvis , or Powder of the three Sar
    in disease , &c . ders. They were considered diaphoretic.
    DIASTEMA , Diastasis , Interstice . DIATRITA'RII . The Methodists were so
    DIASTOLĒ , from diaoreiw, ' I dilate ,' ' I called,who pretended to cure all diseases by
    open.' Dilatation of the heart and arteries, subjecting the patients for three days to a rigid
    when the blood enters their cavities. It is the diet.
    opposite movement to systole , in which the DIATRITOS . Diet of three days. The
    heart and arteries contract to send forth the means used by the Methodists to cure dis
    blood . Diastole and systole are , consequently , ease.
    DIAZOMA, Diaphragm .
    successive movements. Diastole occurs simul.
    taneously in the two ventricles. The almost DIAZOS'TER , from datorrr!!!,' I surround.'
    inappreciable time, which elapses between the The twelfth vertebra of the back , because it
    diastole and systole has been called perisystole, corresponds to the girdle, fuorre.
    and that which succeeds to the diastole, peri DICEPHALON , Bicephalium .
    diastole. When we speak of the contraction or DICERAS RUDE . See Worms .
    DICHAL'CON . A weight, equal to a third
    systole of the heart, as well as its diastole or di-
    latation, we mean that of the ventricles. This part of an obolus.
    dilatation is active . DICHROMOS , Verbena officinalis.
    DIASTOMOʻTRIS, from diaorouow, ' I di. DICLIDOSTOʻSIS , from divdes , ' a double
    DICHOPHYIA 233 DIET

    door ,' andoorwoes, ossification .' Ossification DIES, Hemera, qua. A Duy: The day
    of valves—as of the heart. is , properly, the period during which the solar
    DICHOPHY'IA , from diya, double,' and light illumines our horizon : but commonly,
    quw, ' I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which also, we designate by the word day,the period
    they split and grow forked. of 24 hours , or Nycthe' meron , which is fre
    DIC'ROTUS, Bisferiens, from des , ' twice ,' quently divided into four parts - morning, mid
    and xgouw, I strike.' An epithet, given to day, evening, and midnight. In antiquity ,
    the pulse, when it seems to beat twice as fast great importance was attached to the observa
    as usual. It is synonymous with the term , re- tion of days in disease . The Medical day is
    bounding pulse, -the artery rebounding after usually reckoned at 24 hours ; universally, in
    striking, so as to convey the sensation of a estimating the duration of a disease . In parts
    double pulsation . It has been considered, and of the United States, it comprises only the
    with truth , to frequently foretellhemorrhage. time when the sun is above the horizon , as re
    In bad cases of typhus, it certainly announces gards the administration of medicine. If a
    such a tendency. medicine be ordered to be taken four times a
    DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus—d. de Crète, day , it is understood to mean during the 12
    Origanum dictamnus. hours of day . ( F. ) Jour.
    DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus , a Dies CONTEMPLANTEs, Indicating days - d.
    town in Crete . White Fraxinella or Bastard Critici, Critical days — d. Decretorii, Critical
    Dit'tany, Frarinella ,(F.) Dictame, Fraxinelle. days — d. Indicatorii, Indicating days— d . In
    The fresh root has been considered nervine, dices, Indicating days-d. Judicatorii, Critical
    anthelmintic,
    used .
    and emmenagogue. It is not days — d .Principes,Critical days — d. Radicales,
    Critical days .
    Dictamnus Creticus , Origanum dictam- DIET, Dia'ta, Ratio victus. Originally, this
    nus . word signified nearly the same thing as Hy
    DICTYI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Ret'ina, from giène and Regimen, i. e . Diet was the employ
    dixtvov, ' a net,' the retina , and itis , denoting ment of every thing, necessary for the preser
    inflammation. Inflammation of the Retina. vation of health and life. At the present day ,
    DICTYON , Rete. it signifies a particular kind of food, and , at
    DIDYMAL'GIA, from didvuol, the tes- times, a privation of food and drink : absti
    ticles,' and ałyos,' pain.' Pain in the tes- nence. To putany one upon diet, (F.) Mettre,
    ticles. quelqu'un à la diète, means to deprive him of
    DIDYMOS , Gemellus. his usual nourishment: -milk diet , means a
    DIDYMUS, Testicle. diet of milk , &c .
    DIECBOL’ION , from dia and exßalaw, I See Aliment, Dietetics, Hygiene , and Re
    cast out : ' diex Bożlov. A name given, by the gimen .
    ancients, to a remedy , which they believed ca. Diet , Hospital. Every well regulated hos
    pable of producing abortion. pital has certain dietetic regulations. The fol
    DIERENBACH, MINERAL WATERS lowing Table of Dietary shows the particular
    OF. D. is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from regimen selected for the sick, in certain hos.
    which is a sulphurous spring . pitals.

    DIET-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT BRITAIN , IRELAND, AND


    THE UNITED STATES.

    1. ENGLAND

    HOSPITALS . ORDIXARY Diet . Low Diet .

    Breakfast.- A pint of milk porridge, breaded every


    morning,
    Dinner.- (1, 5, 7 * ) — Boiled beef and vegetables.- Consists throughout the day of
    ( 2 )-Rice , milk , and bread .----( 3)-Stewed beef and milk porridge, common batter,
    LIVERPOOL potatoes. ( 4)-- Pease soup and bread.- (6 )-Ale , or rice pudding.
    gruel , and bread .
    Supper.-A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and The ale and beer are bought.
    Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days .
    Full Diet .-The same as the ordinary diet .
    Breakfast. - A wine quart of milk
    Breakfast. - On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur-l porridge or milk .
    day, milk porridge ; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday , Dinner.- A winc quart of weak
    meat broth ; 12 oz . of bread ' on meat days ; 14 oz. on broth .
    the other days. Supper. — The same as breakfast ,
    Dinner .- ( 1, 3, 5 )-Three-fourths of a pound of meat, 14 07. of bread, and barley wa.
    BRISTOL. with vegetables; two pints of beer daily.-(2,4, 6, 7 ) . ter for common drink.
    - A pint of gruel or pap . Twenty bushels of malt, 15
    Supper. - A wine pint of gruelof meal broth , on Sunday ; pounds of hops, to 14 gals. of
    2 oz . of cheese for the men , one -fourth of an oz . of but . strong ale ; 21 bushels of malt ,
    ter for the women , on Monday, Wednesday, Friday , and 12 pounds of hops, to 360
    and Saturday . gals , of ale ; Il bushels ofmalt,
    Full Diet.- ' l'he patients have meat every day. 7 pounds of hops, lo 360 gals. of
    small beer.

    * The figures in parentheses denote the days of the week .


    30
    DIET 234 DIET

    1. England— (Continued .)
    HOSPITALS. ORDINARY DIET. Low Diet.

    Breakfast. To each man a pint and a half of milk por.


    ridge, with 4 oz . of bread added to it . To tach woman
    or child , one pint of milk porridge, without bread. To
    each patient 2 oz. of bread daily .
    Dinner.- ( 1, 3 , 5 )-To each man 8 oz . of baked or boiled
    meat ; to each woman or child, 6 oz . To each patient, Breakfast.— The same as ordinary
    6 oz of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily . diet .
    To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth , made
    with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child, Dinner.- A pint of broth or rice
    BIRMINGHAM , one pint and a half. (4 ) — Twelve ounces of boiled milk , 6 oz . of baked rice or
    Revised 1819 . rice or bread pudding. - ( 6 ) -Four oz . of boiled or bread pudding to each patient
    baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth , made with every day .
    & variety of vegetables.- (7)—Six oz . of baked rice
    or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth , made Supper . - The same as ordinary
    with a variety of vegetables . diet .
    Supper.-A pint of broth , milk porridge, or gruel .
    Full Diet. - Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet.
    Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz , of vegeta
    bles, 6 oz. ofbaked rice or bread pudding. Supper, the
    same as ordinary diet.
    2. SCOTLAND .
    Breakfast. - Onemutchkin of porridge, three gills of milk
    or beer ; or five and one -fourth ounces of fine bread ,
    milk or beer.
    Dinner :-(1, 4 ) -One choppin of broth , 8 ounces of
    butcher's meat boiled in the broth , or beef-steak ; five
    EDINBURGH . and one -fourth ounces of bread . - (2,5,7) -A chop- At discretion .
    pin of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats ,
    potatoes, and vegetables ; tive and a half ounces of
    bread .-- (3,6) - Potato soup , with beef and veal , or
    bones ; bread as above.
    Supper -As the breakfast each day,
    FULL DIET . - At discretion .
    Breakfast. - Milk porridge, quantity not limited , with
    half a mutchkin of sweet milk , or one mutchkin of
    buttermilk or beer.
    Dinner.- ( 1)-Broth made of barley , vegetables , and the
    dripping of the meat roasted during the week , with a
    quartern loafto a man , and half to a woman- (2,4)
    Beef boiled ; 8 oz. to the men , and 6 oz . to the women ;
    GLASGOW a quartern loaf to a man , and half to a woman , or vege- At discretion .
    tables .- (3 , 6 ) -Broth , made with beef, barley, and
    vegetables ; a quartern loal to men , and half to wo
    men . - (5 )-Potato soup, with cow heels , bones, & c .
    - 17 )-- Six oz . of cheese to men , 4 oz . to women ;
    bread as above .
    Supper. - As the breakfast each day .
    FULL DIET -At discretion .

    3. IRELAND .
    Per Diem . - Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of newOne pint of fummery per diem ,
    5. Hospitals of milk , and one quart of buttermilk for whey. one quart of new milk , and
    House of Industry . Full DIET . - Two ounces of bread per diem , one quart one quart of buttermilk for
    of broth , one quart of new milk . whey .
    Breakfast . — Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk .
    STEPHEN's Hospi Dinner .- ( 1, 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 ) -One quart of soup , half a pound Daily , half a pound of bread , two
    TAL. of bread , or two pounds of potatocs; one pint of milk quarts of new milk , and one
    or beer - ( 4 , 6 ) -Twelve oz . of bread , one quart of quart of buttermilk .
    sweetened gruel.
    Breakfast -One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel .
    Dinner.- Half a pound of meat , three- fourths of a pound
    ROYAL HOSPITAL , of bread ; one pound of potatoes. Breakfast. - Tea.
    Phenix Park . Supper . - One pint of oatmealor rice gruel.
    Full DIET. - Three - fourihs of a pound of meat , oneDinner . - Half a pound of bread
    pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart of made into panada or pudding.
    beer .
    Breakfast.-One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk .
    Dinner . - Bread , 8 oz .; soup , one quart. Breakfast. - Flummery, one pint ;
    RICHMOND Hospi- Supper. -Bread, 4 oz.;new milk , one pint. new milk , one pint.
    TAL .
    FULL DIET. - Breakfast, bread , 8 oz.; new milk , one a pound of bread
    pint.- Dinner, bread, 8 oz.; mutton or beef, 8 'oz , Supper.-Half
    one pint of milk.
    , 4 oz ; new milk , one pint.
    Supper, bread
    Breakfast.- One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk .
    Dinner. - Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk . Per diem .-- Quarter of a pound of
    Supper. - One pint of flummery , one pint of new milk . bread , one quart of gruel, three
    BELTAST HOSPITAL. Full DIET .- Breakfast , one quart of stirabout, one pint pints of new milk , half a pint
    of new milk . -Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of of fummery. Barley water at
    milk . - Supper, one pint of flummery , one pint of new occasions .
    milk .
    DIET DRINK 235 DIGESTIBLE

    3. IRELAND- ( Continued .)
    HOSPITALS. ORDINARY DIET . Low DIET .

    Breakfast. - One hall quartern loaf for every four, and


    one pint of new milk each . Under 12 years, half a Breakfast.-- One - fourth of a lb. of
    quartern loaf for every eight. bread , with milk and water
    Cork Fever Hospi- Dinner.- (1, 3, 5 ) -One pound of beef, and two pounds sweetened .
    TAL , of potatoes. Under 12 years , ball a pound of beef,
    and one pound of potatoes. - (2 , 4 , 6, 7) — Potatoes Dinner.- Gruel, broth , wine, and
    and milk . porter , as ordered by the Phy
    Supper . - One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for sicians .
    adults ; half do . for children .
    4. UNITED STATES.
    Breakfast.– Tea , coffee, or chocolate , with sugar or mo
    lasses and milk , and common baker's bread at discre
    tion .
    PENNSYLVANIA Hos Dinner: -Soup, always ;-meat of two kinds- mutton Gruel, gum -water, barley-water ;
    PITAL , and other articles prescribed by
    Philadelphia . and beef, generally - pork frequently ; vegetables , ac the Physician .
    cording to the season ; potatoes and rice , always.
    Supper.- Tea and bread : no butter allowed either to
    breakfast or supper, unless prescribed .
    HOUSE DIET.- Arrow.root, gruel, sago , tapioca , rice ,
    beef tea , beef essence , chicken water, rice water, bar
    ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. ( The
    PHILADELPHIA Hos- diet on which the sick are placed on entering the house, The kind and quantity left to the
    PITAL, until otherwise directed .) Physician . The House Diet
    ( Blockley . ) MODERATE DIET.– Tea , crackers, broth, rice, mush, may be regarded as low diet.
    milk , potatoes , &c .
    Full Diet . - Bread , coffee, tea , white meat , mutton ,
    beef, ham , eggs , butter, soup , potatoes , & c .
    DIET DRINK . A decoction or potion, vari . The name , Digastricus, was formerly given to
    ously composed , and used in considerable quan- several muscles. It is now restricted to one of
    tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood. the muscles of the superior hyoid region. The
    The Decoctum Lusitanicum or Lisbon Diet- digastricus is thick and fleshy at its extremities ;
    drink , is one of the most celebrated . See De- thin and tendinous at its middle. It is attached
    coctum Sarsaparillæ Compositum . to the mastoid groove of the temporal bone , and
    DIETETICS, DIÆTETICE, DIÆTETY- to a fossette at the side of the symphysis menti .
    ICA, Medici'na Diætetica ; same etymon, (F.) Its tendon passes through an aponeurotic ring,
    Diététique. A branch of medicine,comprising which is attached to the os hyoides.
    the rules to be followed for preventing, reliev- The use of the digastricus is , to depress the
    ing, or curing diseases by diet. Dietetics is lower jaw , or to raise the os hyoides, and to
    diet administered according to principle. It is carry it forwards or backwards, as in degluti
    an important part of Hygiène, (which see.) A tion. The strong double-bellied muscle ,which
    well regulated system of diet has great power forms the gizzard of birds, is also called Digas
    in checking disease , and likewise in preventing tricus.
    it. . A proper knowledge of dietetics is, indeed , DIGASTRICUS CRANII , Occipito -fron .
    as important as that of the Materia Medica , talis .
    strictly so called . DIGASTRIQUE , Digastricus.
    Dietetics is used, also , synonymously with DIGERENTIA , Digestives .
    Hygiène. DIGES'TIBLE , Concoc'tûs hab'ilis. Capa
    DIÉTÉTIQUE, Dietetics . ble of being digested. All food is not equally
    DIETETYIŠTS, Diætetis'tæ . Physicians who digestible, and someof the most nourishing is
    apply only the rules of dietetics to their treat the least' so :-the fat of meat, for example.
    ment of disease . Certain substances again are entirely rebellious.
    DIEU -LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS The following table exhibits the timerequired
    OF . The waters of Dieu -le -filt, in France , are for the stomachal digestion of different alimen
    chalybeate, and much sought after. Lary substances, in a well - known case , which
    DIEURYSMUS , Dilatation . fellunder the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table
    DIEX'ODOS, from dia and ažodos , ' an exit or is taken from the Author's Elements of Hy.
    way out.' Di'odos . Any opening, by which giène, Philadelphia, 1835 , p. 505.
    an excretion takes place . The most digestible substances are taken as
    DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM , Dysen .the standard , which has been arbitrarily fixed
    tery : at 1,000 ; and accordingly, aponeurosis, the
    ĎiFFLATIO Perspiration
    , . first article in the table , requiring 3 hours,
    DIFFORMITÉ, Deformation. whilst pigs' feet soused, rice, &c . , require but
    DIFFU'SIBLE , (stimulants) from diffu'sus, one, its digestibility, compared with that of
    • spread abroad. ' Those stimulating medicines, these aliments , is as 333 to 1000 ; and so of the
    which augment the action of the vascular and others.
    nervous systems in an acute but transitory It need scarcely be said , that all these tabular
    manner . results apply , in strictness , to the individual
    DIGAS'TRICUS, from dış, ' twice,' and concerned only ; yet they afford useful com.
    γαστη , a belly: Biven'ter , B.Maxillæ, Dep'- parative views, which, with exceptions depend.
    6

    rimens Mazille Biven'ter, Bigastor, Mastoido. ing upon individualpeculiarities, may be re


    hyogénien, Mastoido-génien- ( Ch .,) . (F .) Di- garded as approximations, applicable to man.
    gastrique, Abaisseur de la machoire inféricure. kind in general .
    digestibility

    ty
    compared
    stomachal

    digestibili
    236 DIGESTIVES

    compared
    DIGESTION

    digestible
    digestion

    digestible

    ertomachal
    required

    s.digestion
    required
    Ratio

    Ratio
    Time

    Time
    with

    with
    .*ticles
    most

    most
    ticles
    table

    table
    the

    the
    of
    for

    for

    of
    the

    the
    ar
    ar
    in

    in
    8Er
    .
    .

    .
    ALIMENTS . ALIMENTS .
    Form of Form of
    prepara prepara
    tion . tion .

    l. m. h.m.
    Aponeurosis.... boiled 333 Marrow , animal, spinal,... boiled 2 40 375
    Apples, mellow . raw 2 500 Meat and vegetables. hashed 2 30 400
    Do, sour, hard do . 2 50 352 Milk boiled 2 500
    Do. sweet, mellow ... do . 1 50 545 Do .... raw 2 15 444
    boiled 2 500 Mutton , fresh roasted 3 15 307
    Barleystriped
    Bass, , fresh .. brojled 3 333 Do. do... broiled 3 333
    Beans, pod .... boiled 2 30 400 Do. do .... boiled 3 333
    Do. and green corn . do . 3 45 266 Oysters, fresh ... ral 2 55 342
    Beef, fresh , lean , rare . roasted 3 333 Do. do... roasted 3 15 307
    Do. do. do. dry . do . 3 30 285 Do. do ... stewed 3 30 285
    Do. do . steak . broiled 3 333 boiled 12 30 400
    Parsnips
    Do. with salt only boiled 2 45 363 Pig, sucking.. roasted 12 30 400
    Do. with mustard , & C ... do . 3 30 285 Pigs' feet , soused . boiled 1 1000
    Do. fried 4 250 Pork , fat and lean ., roasted 5 15 190
    Do. old , hard salted .. boiled 4 15 235 Do. recently salied . boiled 4 30 222
    Beets .. boiled 3 45 206 Do. do ..... fried 4 15 235
    Brains, animal . boiled 1 45 571 Do. do.... broiled 3 15 302
    baked 13 15 302 Do. do... raw 3 333
    Bread , corn ...
    Do. wheat , fresh . baked 3 30 285 Do. do ...... stewed 3 333
    Buttert.. melled 3 30 285 Potatoes, Irish ..... boiled 3 30 285
    Cabbage, head . ra w 2 30 400 Do. do ...... roasted 2 30 400
    Do. with vinegar .. do. 2 500 Do , do..... baked 2 30 400
    Do. boiled 4 30 202 Rice ... boiled 1000
    baked 3 333 Sago .... do . 1 451 571
    Cake , corn .. 400 250
    Do. sponge .. do . 2 30 Salmon , salted . do . 4
    Carrot, orange........ boiled 3 15 302 Sausage , fresin . broiled 3 20 300
    Cartilage . do . 4 15 235 Sonp , barley... boiled 1 30 666
    Catfish, fresh .. fried 3 30 285 Do. bean .. do . 3 333
    Cheese , old , strong ... raw 3 30 285 Do. beef, vegetables , and
    Chicken , full grown ... fricasseed 2 45 363 bread . do . 4 250
    2 500 Do. chicken ..... do. 3 333
    Codfish , cured dry . boiled
    Corn ( green ) and beans .. , do . 3 45 266 Do. marrow bones ... do. 4 15 235
    Custard baked 2 45 363 Do. mutton ...... do . 3 30 285
    Duck , domesticated . roasted 4 250 Do. Oyster.. do . 3 30 285
    Do. wild .. do . 4 30 222 Suet, beef, fresh . do , 5 30 181
    boiled 3 333 Do. mutton .. do . 4 301
    Dumpling, apple . 2 500
    Eggs, fresh .. hard boiled 3 30 285 Tapioca .. do .
    Do. do .... soft boiled 3 333 Tendon , boiled do . 5 30 181
    Do. do... fried 3 30 285 Tripe, soused.. boiled 1 1000 LES
    Do. do .. roasted do . 1 30 666
    2 15 444 Trout, salmon , fresh . 1

    Do. do .... raw 2 500 Do. do . fried 1 30 666


    Do. do ... whipped 1 30 666 Turkey, domestic . roasted 2 30 400
    Flounder, fresh .. fried 3 30 285 Do. do. boiled 2 25 511
    Fowls, domestic . boiled 250 Do. wild .. roasted 2 18 435
    Do. do... roasted 4 250 Turnips, flat ... boiled 3 30 285
    Gelatine .. boiled 2 30 400 Veal, fresh ... broiled 4 250
    Goose, wild . roasted 2 30 400 Do. do . fried 4 30 222
    Heart , animal. fried 4 2.50 Vegetables and meat,
    boiled 2 30 400 nashed .. warmed 2 30 400
    Lamb, fresh ..
    Liver, beef's , fresh .. do . 2
    500 Venison, steak .. broiled 11 35 631

    * Pigs' feet soused , rice , and tripe soused , being the most digestible articles in the table , are estimated at 1000.
    In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach ,
    the time merely indicates the period thai elapses before they are sent on into the duodenum .
    DIGESTIO DEPRAVATA , Dyspepsia - d. stomach . 6. Action of the small intestine . 7.
    difficilis , Dyspepsia - d. Læsa, Dyspepsia. Action of the large intestine . 8. Expulsion of
    DIGESTION , Digestio, from diger'ere, ' to the fæces.
    dissolve . ' Coc'tio, Pep'sis , nEY'S. Digestion Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation ,
    is a function , exclusively belonging to the ani which consists in the solution of certain solid
    mal kingdom , by means of which alimentary substances in water, alcohol, or other men
    substances, when introduced into the digestive struum , at a slightly elevated temperature ; for
    canal
    of , undergo
    thisisto convert intotwo parts
    themalterations.
    different ; the example, in a sand-bath, or by leavingthem
    The object
    exposed for some time to the sun .
    one, a reparatory juice, destined to renew the
    perpetual waste occurring in the economy : the DIGESTIVE TUBE , Canal , alimentary .
    other, deprived of its nutritious properties, to DIGESTIVES, Digesti'ra, Digeren'tia; same
    be rejected from the body. This function is etymon . (F.) Digestifs. A term given , by
    composed of a series of organic actions, differing Surgeons, to those substances, which , when
    according to the particular organization of the applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura
    animal . In man they are eight in number, tion ; such as the Ceratum resina, warm , cata .
    viz . 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastication . 3. plasms, fomentations, &c .
    Insalivation . 4. Deglutition. Action of the Dr. Paris uses term Digestive Texture, for
    DIGITAL 237 DILUENTIA

    the particular organic condition of substances, Dig " ITUS ANNULARIS , Annular finger - d.
    which affects their digestibility . Indicatorius , Index .
    DIG'ITAL, Digita'lis ; from dig''itus, ' a Dig'itus Pedib. A Toe. ( F.) Orteil. The
    finger;' having the shape of a finger ; digitated ,toes are five in number, and distinguished
    or belonging to the fingers. numerically, reckoning from within to with
    The Appen'dir vermiformis cæci is some- out. The first is, also, called great toe, (F.)
    times called , Dig " ITAL APPEN'DIX . gros orteil ; the fifth , the little toe, petit orteil.
    The Digital ARTERIES , VEins , and NERVES They have nearly the same organization as the
    are those distributed to the fingers. fingers.
    Digital IMPRESSions are the slight impres BIGNOTIO, Diagnosis.
    sions observable on the inner surface of the DIHYSTE’RIA , Dime'tra ; from de , dou.
    bones of the cranium , which correspond to the ble,
    cerebral convolutions .
    ' and votepn, uterus . ' The state in which
    there is a double uterus .
    DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria-d . Cavity , DILACERATIO , Laceration.
    Cornu descendens ventriculi lateralis - d . Hu- DILATANTS , Dilating agents.
    main , Clavaria. DILATATEUR, Dilator - d . Antérieur du
    DIGITALINE . See Digitalis . larynx, Crico- thyroid muscle - d. Postérieur du
    DIGITA'LIS , from dig''itus, a finger ;' be- larynx, Crico -arytenoid , posterior.
    cause its flower represents a finger. The Di- DILATATION , Dilata'lio, from dilata're,
    gita'lis purpu'rea , Fox -glore, Baccharis, Bac- ' to enlarge ;' Eurys'mus, Aneurys'mus,Dieurys'.
    char, Baccar. ( ?) Family, Scrophularinere. Sez. mus. Augmentation of the bulk of a body, oc
    Syst. Didynamia Angiosperma. (F.) Digitale, casioned by a separation of some of its mole
    Gants de notre dame. The leaves of this plant, cules. Caloric has the property of dilating all
    which are indigenous in Great Britain, are bodies. In Surgery, it means the accidental or
    powerfully sedative, (diminishing the velocity preternatural augmentation of a canal or open
    of the pulse,) diuretic, and sorbefacient. In ing; as in aneurisms, varices, &c., or the pro
    overdoses, D. causes vomiting, purging, dim- cess of enlarging any aperture or canal, where
    ness of sight, vertigo, delirium , hiccough, con such may have been contracted :—this surgical
    vulsions, and death :-all the symptoms, in acceptation has received, also, the name Diop
    short, which characterize the Acro -narcotic trismos.
    class of poisons. Its active principle has been DILATATOIRE, Dilator.
    called Dig''italine. DILA'TING AGENTS , Dilatan tia , (F. )
    The Digitalis has been administered in in- Dilatants. Certain substances used in surgery,
    flammatory diseases , phthisis, active hemor- either to keep parts separate, which have a ten,
    rhage, dropsy , & c.; and although it is a pow . dency to unite — as after opening an abscess, to
    erful remedy , it has not been as much employ- prevent the edges of the incision from uniting ;
    ed , as it probably would have been in particular or to increase and dilate openings or canals,
    cases, owing to the overstrained eulogiums , either when natural, or formed accidentally or
    which miany have passed upon it in almost all artificially . These agents differ from each
    diseases. other : the chief are ,-prepared sponge tents,
    The dose is from one to three grains , in the gentian root, bougies, sounds, dried peas for is
    form of pill , which may be repeated every six sues, & c.
    or eight hours. DILATOR , Dilato'rius, ( F.) Dilatateur, ou
    DIGITALIS MINIMA, Gratiola officinalis. A muscle , whose office it is to
    Dilatatoire .
    DIGITATION , Digita'tio, Produc'tio den. dilate certain parts ; such as the inspiratory
    ta'ta, Inser'tio denticulata, 1. digitata, from muscles, which dilate the chest.
    dig'itus , ' a finger. ' A division , in the form of Dilator, Dilatato'rium, Speculum , Diop'tra,
    a finger. Several muscles , as the serrati, ex - Diop'tron, ( F. ) Dilatateur. An instrument,used
    hibit digitations, similar io those which the for dilating a wound, excretory canal, or other
    fingers form , when held separate . natural or artificial opening. There are several
    DIGI'TIÚM , from dig''itus, ' a finger.' De instruments of this kind, each taking its name
    siccation or atrophy of the fingers.-- Linnæus.from the part to which it is applied ; as the
    Sauvages calls the same affection , Paronych'ia Speculum Oris, S. Nasi, S. Uteri, & c.
    Digi'tium . DILATOR, Arnott's. A modification of the
    DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis old dilators for strictures of the urethra. It
    digitorum pedis . consists of a tube of oiled silk ; lined with the
    DIG ”ITUS, Dac'tylos,a Finger, (F.) Dvigt. thin gut of some smallanimal to make it air
    A name, given to the prolongations, which tight : and fixed on the extremity of a small
    form the extremity of the hand. There are canula, by which it is distended with air or
    five on each hand : the first, or the thumb , water , from a bag or syringe at the outer-end ,
    Anticheir, Poller , Manus parva majo'ri adju . whilst a stop -cock or valve serves to keep the
    trix, Dig''itus primus, D. magnus, "Promanos, air or water in ,when received. As soon as the
    ( F.) Pouce; the second, the index or indicator, bag is passed within the stricture or strictures,
    augavos, Lichanos; the third, the me'dius, moos, as much air is to be injected into it as the pa
    ( É.) Doigt du milieu, middle finger or long tient can easily bear. The instrument is not
    finger, the fourth, the ring finger ,annula'ris, much used. See Arnott on Strictures, Lond .
    Itaqauzoos , Param'esos, ( F. ) Annulaire ; and 1819.
    the little finger, Oti'tes, writis, Dig''itus auri- DILATORES ALARUM Nasi , Compressor
    cularis, (F.) Auriculaire, petit doigt. All of naris.
    these have three phalanges, except the first, DILL, Anethum graveolens .
    which has only two . DILUENTIA , from diluo, " I wash away .'
    DIMETRA 238 DIPSACUS SYLVESTRIS

    (F.) Délayants. Medicines , which have been frost (when it is tolerable) is, sometimes, made
    conceived proper for augmentingthe fluidity into cakes with bran . These, being dried in an
    of the blood and other animal liquids. All oven , are kept to make beer . When bruised in
    aqueous drinks are diluents . They are admi- water, fermentation takes place . The unripe
    nistered , with great advantage, in various dis- fruit is distressingly acerb and astringent. The
    eases . In fever, water, which is the most fa- inner bark of the tree is extremely bitter; and
    miliar diluent, may be freely allowed ; the only may be used where bitters are indicated .
    precaution being to give it hot in the cold stage, ĎIOTA or DYOTA . A wooden cup , lined
    cold in the hot, and tepid in the sweating. In with a composition of resin , cinnamon , clores,
    diseases, where it is considered necessary to and ginger , to give more flavour to beer. It
    abstract blood largely, diluents should not be was, formerly , much used in the North of Eu
    given too freely. The abstraction of blood oc- rope,
    casions activity of absorption , and the mass is DIPH'RYGES. The oxide of copper , more
    speedily restored . In cases of inflammation of or less pure . The ancients reckoned three
    the mammæ , in nurses, it is also obvious, that kinds of diphryges, which they used as as
    diluents should not be freely allowed, as they tringents .
    increase the secretion of milk, and add to the DIPHTHERITIS, Angina pellicularis.
    irritation . When demulcents are exhibited in Diputheri'tis TRACHEA'lis, Cynanche tra
    cases of urinary disease, they act simply as chealis.
    diluents , for their mucilaginous portion is di- DIPLASIASMUS , Duplication.
    gested in the stomach and small intestine : the DIPLOË, from dur200 , 'I double,' duthor,
    watery portion alone being separated by the crimen
    kidney.
    Diplo'sis, Meditullium , Medium Calcaria Dis.
    DIMETRA , Dihysteria .
    . The cellular structure, which sepa
    rates the two tables of the skull from each
    DINANT , MINÉRAL WATERS OF . D. other. The ancients applied the term , also, to
    is a small town, six leagues from St. Malo, in the proper coatof the uterus (?) Rolfink, in Cas
    France, where are mineral waters, containing telli.
    carbonate of iron , muriate of soda, &c . They The Diploë has the same use as the cellular
    are much esteemed . structure of bones in general. See Cancelli .
    DINGEE, Dengue. DIPLOLEPSIS GALLÆ TINCTORIÆ . 了
    DIN'ICA , from divew, ' I turn round . ' Medi- See Quercus cerris.
    cines , which relieve vertigo. DIPLOMA . A letter or writing conferring
    DINOS , Vertigo. some privilege . Usually applied to the docu .
    DINUS SCOTOMA, Scotydynia — d. Ver. ment,certifying that a person has obtained the
    tigo , Vertigo. title of Doctor . It was so called because for .
    DIOBOLON , Scruple . merly written on waxed tables, folded together.
    DIOCRES , Pastil . Diploma is also used in pharmacy for sand.
    DIODOS, Diexodos. bath . 1
    DIECESIS , Dispensation . DIPLO'PIA , from dut2009 , double ,' and
    DIONCO'SIS, from dia and gyros, ' a tu- ontouai, ' I see. Visus Duplica'tus, Ditto'pia, 1
    mour.' The Methodists applied this name to a Dittop'sia, Amphamphoterodiopsia, Amphodiplo I
    sort of tumefaction or plethora, occurring either pia , Double Vision . (F. ) Bérue. An affection 1
    directly from too great a quantity of fluid cir- of the sight, in which two distinct sensations
    culating in the system , or owing to the reten- are produced by the same object, which conse
    tion of substances , which ought to be excreted.quently seems double . Sometimes more than
    It is the antithesis to sympto'sis. See Intu- two are seen ; but still the disease is termed
    mescence . Diplo pia and Suffu'sio Multiplicans.
    DIOPHTHALMUS , Binoculus. This affection arises from some derangement
    DIOPTRISMOS , Dilatation . in the visual axes ; in consequence of which , le
    DIOPTRON , Dilator, Speculum . the images are not impressed on corresponding
    DIORTHO'SIS , from 8100,980 , ' I make parts of the retina of each eye .
    straight.' The reduction of a fractured or lux- DIPLOSIS, Diploë, Duplication.
    ated limb . DIPLOSO'MA ; from dirloos , double ,' and
    DIOSCOREA . See Yam . owua , body. The Diplosoma crenuta, is an im
    DIOS'MA CRENATA , Baros'ma crena'ta , perfectly described entozoon , which has been
    Agathos'ma crena'tum , Buchu Leaves, Buckho. passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in
    A South African plant, the powder of whose length from four to six or eight inches , and is
    leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume thinnest at the middle, where it is bent at an
    their bodies. It has been employed in chronic acute angle upon itself, so that the two balves
    affections of the bladder and urinary organs in hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear D
    general. It has also been given in cholera . ance as if two worms had been tied together &
    DIOS PYROS LOTUS, Fava Græca. The by their heads. It has been confounded with
    Indian Date Plum . (F.) Plaqueminier d'Eu- the Spiroptera hominis, (q. v .),
    rope. This tree grows in someof the southern DIPNOOS, from dis , and πνοή , breath . '
    parts of Europe. Its fruit is very astringent, Having twovent holes . Bispi'rus. An epithet,
    and has been recommended in dysentery and applied to wounds, which pass through any
    hemorrhages. part,and admit the air at both ends.-- Galen ,
    Dios'pynos VIRGINIA'NA, Diospyros, Ph . U. DIPSA , Thirst,
    S. Lotus Virginia'na, Persim 'mon . A com- DIPSACOS , Diabetes .
    mon tree in the middle parts of the United DIP'SACUS SYLVES'TRIS, Cultivated
    States. The fruit, which is only eatable after Teusel, ( F.) C'ardere. The roots of the Eu
    DIPSETICOS 239 DISPENSATOR

    ropean plant are diuretic and sudorific. The DISEASE , ENGLISH , Rachitis - d. Extrinsic,
    water, External
    which collects at the base of the leaves , ease disease_d. Pretended , Feigned dis
    has been recommended as an eye -water. - d. Simulated , Feigned disease-d. Surgi
    The DIP'sacUs FullO'NUM , Herba Cardui cal, External disease .
    deneris; (F.) Cardere cultivé, Chardon à foulon, DISECOIA , Baryecoia .
    Chardon a bonnetier, has had similar properties DISFIGURATION , Deformation .
    ascribed to it. Both have been also regarded DISGORGE'MENT, ( F.) Dégorgement,
    as stomachic . from de and gorge, the throat. An opposite
    DIPSETICOS, from diwa, ' thirst. ' A remedy, condition to that of Engorgement. The dis
    believed to be capable of exciting thirst. See charge or abstraction of a certain quantity of
    Alterative . fluid, which had previously collected in a part;
    DIPSO'SIS. Morbid thirst ; same etymon . Jas Disgorgement of bile. It also means, particu
    The desire , for drinking, excessive or impaired . larly , a vomit.
    A genus in the class Cæliaca , order Enterica, DISGUST', from de and gusta're , ' to taste .'
    of Good. Cibi fastid'ium , Aposi''tia, Abomina'tio, Siccha'
    Dipso'sis Aveng, Polydipsia - d . Expers , sia , Loathing. An aversion for food. ( F. )
    Adipsia. Dégout. Disgust is not the same as Anorexiás
    DIPYRE'NON , from dış, 'twice,' and avonv, The latter is only a want of appetite ; the former
    a kernel. ' A specillum or probe with two but consists in real repugnance for food .
    tons. DISINFECTION, from dis and infect. The
    DIPY RITES , Biscuit . act of destroying miasmata, with which the
    DIPYROS , Biscuit. air, clothing , & c ., may be infected . Various
    DIRECTOR, Itinerarium , from dirig''ere, means have been proposed for this purpose.
    to direct.' A Conductor, ( 9.v.). A grooved rine
    Those, most commonly employed, are:-chlo
    sound for guiding a knife, in dividing any part. , sulphurous and muriaticacid yases, vapours
    ( F.) Sonde Cannelée. of vinegar, nitrous acid ; and , wliat is , perhape,
    Director Penis , Ischio -cavernosus. the most manageable of any , and the most effi
    DISCEPTUM , Diaphragm . cacious, —the chloride of lime, or any of the
    DISCHARGE' , Ecroe, Flurus, Proflu'dium . chlorides of the alkalies. It is probable, that a
    (F.) Écoulement.' In Pathology, an increased true chemical action occurs between these
    discharge from any part, that naturally secretes agents and the miasmata ; whence results a
    a fluid . compound , which is harmless.
    DISCREET', Discré'tus, Intertinctus, Sepa- The Nitrous FUMIGA'TION , Aleriterium Nä
    rated, (F.) Discret. This epithet is given to tricum , Fumiga'tio Smithia'na, may be formed
    certain exanthemata, in which the spots or pus- by placing nitrate of potuss ziv, and sulphuric
    tules are separated from each other. It is op- acid zij, and a saucer on hot sand.
    posed to confluent. The CALORINE or OXYMURIATIC FUMIGA'
    Discre'ta PURGA'T10. The purgation or ex- TION, Solu'tio alexite'ria Gaubia'na , Fumigatio
    pulsion of some particular matter. antiloim'ica Gaubii , Alexitérium chlo'ricum , Fu
    DISCRET, Discreet. miga'tio Guytoniensis, is made by adding com
    DISCRETÍVUS , Diagnostic . mon salt ziij , to black oxide of manganese zj ,
    DISCRETORIUM , Diaphragm . sulphuric acid Zj , and water Zij . This may be
    DISCRIMEN , Separation, Division. A ban- carried through an apartment, or be shut up
    dage, used in bleeding from the frontal vein ; in it.
    so called , because , in passing along the sagit- DISJUNCTI MORBI . Disjoined diseases.
    tal suture, it divides the head into two equal Fernelius has thus denominated diseases , which
    parts . occupy different organs, and are not produced
    DISCRIMEN CALVARIÆ MEDIUM , Diploë— d . by each other.
    Narium , Septum N. DISLOCATION , Luxation .
    DISCRIMEN Na9r ; a bandage , in the form of DISORGANIZA'TION , Organo'rum destruc
    the letter X , intended to support the nose, in tio, (F.) Désorganisation. A complete morbid
    transverse wounds of the organ . change in the structure of an organ ; or even
    Discri'MEN THORACIS ET VENTRIS , Dia- total destruction of its texture. In sphacelus
    phragm . and sloughy ulcers we have examples of this
    DiscussIFS, Discutients. change.
    DISCUSSIVA , Discutients . DISPENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory,
    DISCUSSIO , Resolution .
    DISCUSSORJA, Discutients.
    DISPEN'SARY Dispensa'rium
    , , from dispen '.
    dere, ' to distribute .' The shop or place , in
    S
    DISCU'TIENT , Discutien'tia , Resolven'tia , which medicines are prepared . Also , an insti
    Discussi'va, Discusso'ria , from discu'tere, ' to tution in which the poor are furnished with
    dissolve , ' dissipate.' (F.) Discussifs. Sub - advice and necessary medicines. ( F. ) Dispen
    stances,which possess the power of repelling saire. This word is also used by the French
    or resolving tumours . synonymously with Dispensatory :
    DISEASE', from old French désaise , dis and DISPENSATION, Dispensa'tio , Diæce'sis.
    case: Morbus,Nosos,Nose'ma, Pathos, Pathe'ma, The composition and distribution of medicines,
    Ægritu 'do, Arrhos'tia, appwotia, Arrhoste'ma, according to prescription. In France , it is
    appwotnua, Ari hoste'nia . (F.) Maladie. An op. more commonly applied to the weighing, mea
    posite state to that of health , which consists in suring, and arranging the articles, which have
    a change, either in the position and structure to enter into a formula, prior to combining
    of parts, or in the exercise of one or more of them .
    their functions. DISPENSATOR, Apothecary.
    DISPENSATORY 240 DIURETIC
    DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensatorium ; same DISTILLATION , Stalag'mos , from distilla're,
    etymon . Antidota'rium, (F. ) Dispensaire. A to drop , little by little.' Catastalagmos. An
    book, which treats of the composition of medi- operation, by which — by the aid of heat and in
    cines. A Dispensatory differs from a Pharma close vessels — the volatile are separated from
    copæia, in containing the physical and medical the fixed parts of bodies, with the view of col.
    history of the various substances, whilst the lecting the former , when condensed, in appro
    Pharmacopeia is restricted to the mode of pre- priate receivers . The ancients distinguished
    paring them , &c. The Pharmacopæia , too, is distillation per latus, per ascen'sum , and per
    published under the authority of, and by, the descen 'sum , according to the direction, which
    members of a college or association : whilst a the volatilized matters were made to take .
    dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma- DIS'TOMA HEPATICUM , from dis , and
    copæia or Pharmacopeias, with additions by otoul , mouth .' Fasciola hepatica, Plana'ria
    the author, under whose authority, alone, it latius'cula, Fasciola huma'na, F. lanceolu'ta , the L
    usually appears. The Pharmacopæia, in other Gourd -worm or Fluke . ( F. ) Douve. An obo
    words, is official; the Dispensatory, generally, vate, fat worm , an inch in length, and nearly
    private. Formerly, the words were used in an inch broad ; sometimes found in the gall
    discriminately. See Formulary and Pharma- bladder of man, whence it occasionally passes
    copæia . into the intestinal canal . It is one of the most
    DISPOSITION, Disposi'tio. A particular common varieties of worms , infesting the livers
    condition of the body, which renders it suscep. of the sheep , goat, ox, stag, fallow -deer, horse ,
    tible of altering, suddenly, to a state of healih ass, hog, hare, & c . The treatment is like that
    or disease ;-ofimproving ,or becoming changed required for other worms.
    for the worse . The disposition to phthisis pul- DISTORSIO , Sprain , Strabismus - d . Oris,
    monalis is sometimes so strong, owing to origi- Risus Sardonicus. I
    nal conformation , that the disease will make its DISTOR’TION , Distor' sio,from distorque'te, t는
    appearance, notwithstanding every care . See to wrestaside.' Diastrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Li
    Diathesis . gys'ma , ( F.) Distorsion. Usually applied to the
    DISPUTATIO , Thesis. preternatural curvature of a bone ; as distortion
    DISRUP'TIO, from disrum'pere, ' to break of the spine, limbs, &c. It signifies, also , a con 2
    off.' A puncture, which interests the deep- vulsive state of the muscles of the eye, consti
    seated parts . tuting squinting or strabismus.
    DISSECTION, Dissec'tio, from disseca're, DISTORTOR RIA ORIS , Zygomaticus major .
    ' to cut open ;' fazon, Diac'ope, Practical Ana- DISTRIBUTO LAČTEA THORACI
    tomy, Necrot'omy. An operation ,by which the CA , Thoracic duct.
    different parts of the dead body are exposed , DISTRICHIASIS , Distichiasis . 1

    for the purpose of studying their arrangement DISTRIX , from dis, ' double , ' and 901 , ' the
    and structure. Dissection has received various hair. ' Trichio sis distrir, Fissu'ra capillorum .
    names, according to the organ concerned ;—as Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting
    Osteotomy, Syndesmotomy, Myotomy, Angiotomy, at their extremities .
    Neurotomy, Desmotomy,&c. DITRACHYC'ERAS , from dis , two,' toa.
    DISSECTOR , Prosec'tor, Proſtomus, same xvs , rough,' and xepas, horn, A genus of
    etymon . (F.) Prosecteur. A practical Anato - intestinal worms. The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, Le
    mist. One who prepares the parts for the Ana- called , also , Bicorne rude. This Entozoon was
    tomical Lecture. first observed in the evacuations of a female by
    DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM , Septum na- M. Sulzer of Strasburg. Itis of a fawn colour,
    rium . from 3 to 5 lines in length , with an oval head , D
    DISSEPTUM , Diaphragm . flattened and terminating in a point posteriorly ;
    DISSERTATION , INAUGURAL, Thesis. contained in a membranous sac, and furnished,
    DISSIDENTIA , Diastasis. anteriorly, with a bifurcated, rugous horn.
    DISSOLU'TION , Dissolu'tio , Dialysis ,from Laennec considers it a vesicular worm or hy .
    dissolvere, to loosen ,' ' to melt.' This word datid. See Worms.
    is in frequent use, in the writings of the Humo. DITTANDER , Lepidium sativum .
    rists. It is employed, particularly , in speaking DITTANY, BASTARD, Dictamnus albus
    of the blood ; -to designate, not its entire de- d . of Crete, Origanum dictamnus.
    composition or putrefaction , -but a diminution DITTOPIA , Diplopia. lo

    in its consistence . DITTOPSIA , Diplopia .


    DISSOLUTION , Solution . DIURE'SIS, from dia, ' through or by ,' and I!
    DISSOLVANT S, Dissolventia. ουρε ω , 1 pass the urine .' An abundant excre
    DISSOLVENTIA , Solvents, (F.)Dissolvants. tion of urine.
    Medicines believed to be capable of dissolving DIURETIC, Diureticus, same etymon ;
    swellings, concretions, & c . Uret'icus. A medicine,which has the property
    DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus, of increasing the secretion of urine.
    (q. v.) Diuretics act by producing a discharge of
    DISTENTIO NERVORUM , Convulsion. the watery and other parts of the blood ; and ,
    DISTICHIASI
    from
    S Distich'ia,
    dis , double ,', and onlyos, Districhiasis, by such
    An tion overdischarge,
    the whole indirectly promote absorp
    a row . ' system . Hence , they are
    increased number of eyelashes ; some turned employed in dropsy.
    towards the eye,and irritating the organ ; whilst
    others preserve their naturaldirection . - Galen , The following are the chief Diuretics :
    Paulus of Ægina. See Entropion. Cantharis, Potassæ Acetas,
    DISTILLATIO UTERI , Leucorrhea. Vittata , Liquor,
    DIURETICA 241 DOGDAYS
    Cahinca , Oleum Terebinthinæ. This is the Docima'sia Pulmo'num Stat'ica, or
    Colchici Radix , Potassa Nitras,
    Semen , Superiartras, Ploucquet's Test: and, 3. By measuring the
    Digitalis , Scilla , circumference of the thorax and lungs ; and
    Diosma Crenata , Sodæ Sales ,
    Juniperus, Spiritus Ætheris Nitrici.
    comparing their dimensions with those of an
    infant, which has not respired. This is Daniel's
    DIURETICA , Arnica montana . Test. These tests , singly , afford only probable
    DIVARICATIO , Ectropion . evidence ; but , when united, the deductions
    DIVERSORIUM CHÝLI, Receptaculum may be more conclusive
    DOCINA'SIA .
    MEDICAMENTO'RUM ET VENE
    chyli .
    DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANIMA poisons NO'Rum . means the testing of medicines and
    LIUM , Ganglions , nervous .
    DIVERTICULUM . A turning ; ' from di- Cresses BLOOD
    DOCK, ,Lapsana - dY, Rumex
    . Sour, sanguin
    Rumex eus -- dd..
    acetosa
    ter'tere , ' to turn aside.' An organ , wbich is Water , Rumex hydrola pathum - d.Wild , sharp
    capable of receiving an unusual quantity of pointed , Rumex acutus .
    blood , when the circulation is obstructed or DOCNA SURA , MINERAL WATERS
    modified elsewhere, is said to act as a diverti- OF. This spring is in the Krapach mountains .
    culum . Also, a malformation or diseased ap- The water contains sulphate of soda, carbonate
    pearance of a part, in which it goes out of its and muriate of soda, carbonate of lime, silica,
    regular course . It is sometimes applied to such and iron .
    a condition of the alimentary canal . Also , & DOCTOR, Medicus, from doctus, ' learned ;'
    hole to get out at. A by-passage. See Ectrope. “ un homme qui devrait être docte.” A Physi
    DIVERTIC'ULUM Nuc'ku is the opening cia . Frequently applied to any one who prac
    through which the round ligaments of the ute- tises medicine ; although properly confined to
    rus pass . - Parr. him whoe .has received his degree of Doctor of
    DiverticuLUM PHARYNGIS , Pharyngocele . Medicin
    DIVI'DING, Did'idens. That which divides DOCTRINA GALLIANA , Craniology.
    or separates.
    Dividing Bandage, Fascia div'idens, (F.) DOCTRINE , MED'ICAL , Doctri'na Med'i
    ca.
    Bandage divisif, is a bandage , employed for the The principles or positions of any medical
    sect or master. Medicine has been too full of
    purpose of keeping parts separated from each
    other. It is used particularly to prevent im- doctrines. One of the first was that of Herodi.
    proper union;as in cases of burns of theneck exercises
    or other parts.
    cus of Selivræa,who recommendedgymnastic
    in disease . The chief founders of
    DIVISION , Divis'io, Dia'resis. The acci- doctrines have been Hippocrates, Serapion of
    dental separation of parts, naturally united ; in Alexandria, Philinus of Cos, Herophilus, Ascle
    other words , a wound or solution of continuity. Tralies Themisonof Ephesus
    piades,, Soranus , Leonides
    of Laodicea, of Alex.
    Thessalus of
    Most frequently, however,it means an opera- andria , Athenæus of Attalia, Archigenes of
    tion, which consists in cutting certain parts; Apamæa , Agathinus of Sparta , Galenus, Para
    with the view of fulfilling some therapeutical Celsus, John Baptist van Helmont, Sylvius de
    indication .
    DIVUL'SIO URI'NÆ , from divellere , ' to lehaave Frederick Pitcarne
    , Keill , Hamberger,
    Boe,'J.E.Stahl, Hoffmann, H.
    , George
    Boer
    pull asunder.' Cloudiness of urine .—See Enwo- Baglivi , Cullen , Darwin, John Brown, Bed
    rema.
    Divul'sio, Dias'pasis,has, also, been used in sais
    does,. Girtanner, Reil, Rush, Rasori and Brous
    Surgery, to express the rupture or laceration of
    organs by external violence. Doctrine., PHYSIOLOGICAL , Broussaism.
    DIZZÍNESS, Vertigo . DODDER OF THYME , Cuscuta epithy
    DOCCIONE , MINERAL WATERS OF. mum .
    This spring is at Lucca , in Italy . It is a ther DODECADACTYLITIS , Duodenitis.
    mal saline . DODECADACTYLON , Duodenum.
    DOCH'ME , doyun. A measure of the Greeks , DODECAPHAR'MACUM , from dwdexa ,
    equal to about four fingers' breadth . Dactylo- ' twelve , ' and qaquaxor ,' a medicine . '. An an
    doch'mē.
    cient name to all medicines
    giveningredients which con
    . See Apostolorum
    DOCIMA'SIA , Docimas'tice, from doxipatw , sisted of twelve
    I try or prove the quality of any thing .
    ' unguentum .
    DocIma'sia PulMo'NUM , Lung proof, Respi. DODECATH'EON, from dwdexa, ' twelve,'
    ration proof. Different proofs, to which the and tinul, ' I put. ' 'An antidote, consisting
    organs of respiration, of a new- born child, are of twelve simple substances . - Paulus of
    subjected, for the purpose of detecting whether Ægina.
    it has or has not respired after birth ; in other DODECATHEON , Sanicula—d . Plinii Pingui
    words , whether it was born alive or dead. These cola Vulgaris.
    consist, chiefly ; 1. In testing them with water , DODONEA, Myrica gale .
    for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are DODRANS, Spithama.
    specifically heavier or lighter than that fluid . DOGCHOAK, Cynanche .
    This is called the Docimasia Pulmonum hydro- DOGS ' BANE, Apocynum androsæmifolium .
    statica. If lighter, it would be some evidence DOGDAYS , (F.) Jours Caniculaires. During
    that the fætus had respired : 2. In comparing these days, comprised between the 24th of
    the weight of the lungs with that of the whole July and the 23d of August, the temperature
    body ; the weight of lungs in which respiration of the air in Europe is generally high and op
    has taken place being nearly twice as great. - pressive. They have received this name from
    31
    DOGMATIC 242 DORSUM

    the dogstar, Canic'ula, E810105 , Sirius - a very DOLOR , Pain-d . Crucians faciei, Neural
    brilliant star in the constellation of the great gia , facial - d . Dentium a stridore, Hæmodia
    dog, which rises and sets, at this time, with d . Faciei, Neuralgia, facial-- d. Ischiadicus ner
    the sun . It was formerly believed to be a pe- vosus, Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa - d . Nephre
    riod particularly unpropitious to health ; that ticus,Nephralgia — d. Rheumaticus et arthriti.
    it was dangerous to purge during it ; and other cus, Rheumatism .
    phantasies were indulged . DOLORES AD PARTUM , Pains, labour
    DOGMAT/IC , from the Greek doyra, from d. Parturientis , Pains, labour-d . Post partum ,
    doxeon , ' I think .' Dogmaticus . The name of Pains, after-d . Puerperarum , Pains, after.
    an ancient medical sect ; so called , because its DOMESTIC , Domesticus, from domus, ' a
    members endeavoured , by reasoning , to disco. house . ' This term has been given , as well as
    ver the essence of diseases and their occult Pop'ular Medicine, to treatises, written for the
    causes ; whilst the Empirics, their rivals, con- purpose of enabling those who are not of the
    fined themselves strictly to experience ; i. e. profession to treat the diseases, which may oc
    to the observation of facts. The union of the cur in their families , without the necessity of
    two modes of investigation makes the rational calling in the physician . The term , likewise,
    physician. These sectarians are likewise called signifies-Medicine, when thus practised . It
    Dog'matists, and their doctrine Dog'marism . is probable, that such works have been attended
    The founders of this sect were Hippocrates, with more mischievous than advantageous re
    Thessalus, Draco, and Polybus ; and the most sults.
    celebrated of its supporters were Diocles of DOMINA'RUM AQUA . A medicine de.
    Carysta, Praxagoras of Cos, Chrysippus of scribed by Myrepsus, which he considered em
    Soli, Herophilus, Erasistratus, &c. menagogue .
    DOGS ' GRASS , Triticum repens . DOMPTE -VENIN , Asclepias vincetoxicum .
    DOGS ' STONES , Orchis mascula. DONDO , Albino.
    DOGSTAR , Canicula . DONESIS , Agitation .
    DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida - d. Jamaica, DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach .
    Piscidia erythrina - d. Round - leaved , Cornus DOREA . Hemeralops.
    circinata - d . Swamp, Cornus sericea . DORMITIO, Sleep .
    DOIGT, Digitus - d. Auriculaire, Auricular DORONIC, Doronicum pardalianches .
    finger - d. Milicu , see Digitus-d. Petit , see DORONICUM GERMANICUM , Arnica
    Digitus. montana .
    DOLABRA , Ascia , Doloire. Doron'ıcum PARDALIAN'CHES, D. Romd.
    DOL'ICHOS, from doilyos,' long.' A genus num, Roman Leop'ard's Bane, ( F.) Doro 1
    of plants of the leguminous family. It includes nic, Mort aur Panthères. The root of this +
    1.
    a number of species , generally indigenous in plant resembles the Arnica Montana, in its pro
    India or America . The Dolichos Lablab, or perties.
    Lablab, is found in Egypt. ( Prospero Alpini.) DORSAL , Dorsa'lis ; from dorsum , the
    Its fruit is eaten there , like the Haricot with back , ' Notia'us. Relating to the back of the
    28 .
    The Dolichos Sinen 'sis is eaten in China, body, or of one of its parts; as the Dorsal ver
    and is stored up as a provision for long voya- tebra, nerves , & c.; Dorsal artery of the tongue,
    ges . The Dolichos Tubero'sus, (F.) Pois patate, penis, &c.; Dorsal region of the foot,hand, &c.;
    of Martinique, has tuberous roots of the size of Dorsal Consumption , & c.
    both fists, and has the consistence and taste of DORSAL, LONG , Longissimus dorsi .
    the turnip . The Dolichos Bulbo'sus, of the DORSO -COSTAL , Serratus posticus superior
    West Indies, resembles the turnip ;—and -d . Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior
    from the D l'ichos Soja, the Japanese prepare d . Lombo- sacro-huméral, Latissimus dorsi - d.
    the well known sauce soy ,which they term Sus-acromien , Trapezius— d .Trachelon -occipital,
    Sooja. The most important, in medicine, is the Coinplexus.
    Dol'ichos PRURIENS, Dol'ichos, Stizolo'. DORSTENIA BRAZILIENSIS, Caa -apia.
    BIUM , Cowhage, Cowitch, Adsaria Pala. Order, DORSTENIA CONTRAYER'va ,,, Contrayer'ra,
    Leguminose . ( F.) Pois à gratter The stiff Drake'na, Cyperus longus, odorus, perua'.
    hairs of the Dolichos Pods,called Dolichi Pubes, nus, Bezoar'dica Radir, Dorste'nia ' Housto'.
    D.prurien'tis pubes, Dolichi Setæ Legu'minum, nii, Lisbon Contrayer'ra, (F.) Racine de Char.
    Lanu'go Sil'iqua hirsu'ta , are the parts used in cis , R.de Dracke , Racine des ' Philippines. Fa
    medicine . They excite an intolerable, prurient mily, Urticea. Sex . Syst. Tetrandria Mono
    sensation when applied to the skin ; but do not gynia. A plant of South America , whose root
    irritate the mucous membrane over which is aromatic , bitter and astringent . It has been
    they pass, when administered internally . The given as a tonic , stimulant and sudorific . Dose ,
    Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is gr. xij to 3ss.
    useful in the ascarides lumbricoides, and ox- DORSUM , Notos, Noton. The back . Me
    yures vermiculares.
    molasses
    Dose, gr. v do x of the taph'renon , Tergum , (F.) Dos. The posterior
    Pubes, in . part of the trunk , extending from the inferior
    DOLOIRE, ( F. ) As'cia, Dola'bra, ' a carpen- and posterior region of the neck as far as the
    ter's axe .' A Bandage en doloiré is one in loins. The back of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is
    which the turns are so placed , that each one the upper part of that organ , opposite the sole :
    covers two-thirds of that which is immediately the back of the hand, Dorsum munûs, the part
    beneath it. It has received the name Doloire opposed to the palm. In the same sense , we
    from its representing the obliquity of the edge say Dorsum penis , Dorsum nasi, for the upper
    of the instrument, whose name it bears. See part of those organs. 1
    Bandage . Dorsum , Vertebral column .
    DORYCIMUM 243 DRACUNCULUS

    DORYCIMUM , Costus creticus. the uterus - douches horizontales,where the fluid


    DOS, Dorsum. is impelled horizontally, &c. They may be
    DOSE , Dosis, Præbium. The quantity of any cold or warm , according to circumstances. The
    substance which ought to form part of a com- apparatus consists of a reservoir of water hav.
    pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited sining a pipe or plug, by means of which the
    gly, to produce a desired effect. Many circum- water can be directed as the practitioner may
    stances influence the doses of medicine. Wo - desire .
    men require smaller doses, as a general princi . The Douche communicates a considerable
    ple , than men . Habit has a great effect, as well and peculiar shock to the nervous system ; and
    as climate, age , idiosyncrasy ; all these, and is one of the most successful means for taming
    other circumstances, must be taken into ac- the furious maniac. It is, also, useful in chro
    count ; and every general rule, on the subject, nic rheumatisni, stiff joinis ,& c.
    will be found to have numerous exceptions . Douches of air are , also , occasionally used ,
    Some of the mechanical physicians laid it down as in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian
    as a rule , that the doses of medicines must al- tube by mucus. The Douches are sent from
    ways be as the squares of the constitution ! A an air-press - of which Deleau and Kramer have
    maiter not easy of calculation. (See Appendix invented one each — through a catheter intro
    to Cockburn on Flures .) duced through the nose into the tube .
    The following Tables will exhibit an approxi- DOULEUR, Pain - d . de Côté , Pleurodynia
    mation to the proper doses (according to age) d. des Dents, Odontalgia—d. Pulsative, see
    of most substances. Throbbing .
    TABLE OF DOSES ACCORDING TO AGE . DOULEURS, Pains, labour-d. Conquas
    santes, see Conquassant.
    Age 24 Let the full dose be 1 1 drachm . DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum - d. Petite , Ra
    18 will require 2.3ds. 2 scruples. nunculus flammula .
    14 half. drachm .
    7 1-30 . i scruple . DRACHION , Pugillus.
    4 1.4th . 15 grains. DRACHM , Drachma, Dram , (F. ) Gros. The
    3 1-6th . 10 grains. ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the
    1-8th . 8 grains.
    1-12h. 5 grains. eighth part of an ounce. At the present day
    it is used for this weight.
    The table of doses , recommended by Dr. DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submu
    Thomas Young, according to age, differs in rias - d . Sylvestris , Achillea ptarmica.
    some respects from the above . Either affords DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE . D.
    a sufficient general approximation . His rule Moldav'icum ,Melis'sa Tur'cica, Turkey Balsam ,
    is , that Canary Balsam , Balm of Gil'eud Tree, Alpi'ni
    For children , under troclre years of age, the Balsamum , ( F. ) Mélisse de Moldarie. It is a
    doses of most medicines must be diminished in Turkish and Siberian plant, and has an aroma
    the proportion of the age to the age increased by tic taste , joined with an agreeable flavour . It
    twelve : has been used as a tonic .
    2 DRACONTHÆMA. See Calamus rotang.
    thus, at two years , to 1-7th ; i. e , 1-7= DRACONTIUM , Dracunculus.
    2 + 12 DRACON'TIUM Fet'IDUM , Dracon'tium , Icto'.
    At twenty -one the full dose being given. des fæt'idus, Symplocarpus fætidus, Pothos
    DOSIS , Dose. fatida, Skunk Cabbuge. Nat. Ord . Aroideæ.
    DOTAGE , Dementia . Ser . Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia . This in
    DOTHIEN , Furunculus. digenous plant, as some of its names import,
    DOTHINENTERI'TIS, from 8ogin", ' a pus- is extremely fetid . The property, on which
    tule,' and ertepov, ' intestine .' (F.) Dothinen- its medical virtues are dependent, resides
    térile,inflammation
    Dothinentérie,
    of Follicular
    the glandsGastroënteritis.
    or follicles of in
    An longa volatile
    keeping,principle, which
    especially is impaired by,
    in powder. Dose
    Peyer and Brunner, which Bretonneau consi- ten to twenty grains . It resembles asafætida
    ders to be the essence of a large class of fevers : and other fetid gumsin its properties ; in other
    particularly of those of the typhoid character. words , belongs to the class of reputed anti
    See Typhus. spasmodics.
    DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA , Con . DRACUNCULUS, Dracon' tium , Vena Me.
    tro -stimulus, (doctrine of. ) di'na A'rabum , Gordius Medinen'sis, Vermicu
    DOUBLE-HEARING , Paracu'sis oluplica'ta, lus Capilla'ris, Drucun'culus Gordius, Fila'ria
    P. imperfecta. The action of the one ear in Medinen'sis, Malis dracunculus, Malis Gordii,
    accordant with that of the other : sounds heard Muscular Hairuorm , Bichios , Bicho. The Gui
    doubly , and in different tones or keys . nea Worm, (F. ) Dragonneau , Ver de Guinée. A
    DOUCE-AMÈRE , Solanum dulcamara. genus of worms , frequently met with in Indian
    DOUCHE, (F. ) In Italian doccia ; modern and African climes. They are characterized
    Latin , ducia . Cataclys'mus. This term is ap- by a filiforın body, and are smooth and nearly
    plied to the shock of a column of fluid , of a de- of equal thickness throughout. The Guinea
    terminate nature and temperature ,let fall upon worm , when small , insinuates itself through
    the body . Pumping is a variety of the Douche . the cutaneous pores , and penetrates into the
    In using this kind of bath , the Auid is directed cellular membrane and between the muscles ;
    upon the part on which we are desirous of act. especially between those of the lower limbs ,
    ing. The douches descendantes are those in where it occasions a tumour like a boil, which
    which the fluid falls from a height --the douches subsequently suppurates, and the head of the
    ascendantes, those administered in diseases of worm appears and emerges gradually. The
    DRAGÉES 244 DROPS

    head must then be seized , and the worm be DRIMYPHA GIA , from doluvs,'acrid ,'« aro
    cautiously rolled round a small cylinder oflinen matic ,' and goyos, ' I eat. ' An aromatic and
    or other substance . Care must be taken not exciting diet.
    to break it , as great pain and obstinate suppu DRINK , from Sax . Spencan , Potus, ( F.) X
    ration might be the consequence. Boisson . Every liquid , introduced into the ali.
    Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. mentary canal for the purpose of repairing the
    Some even deny that the cases of Dracunculus , loss of the fluid parts of the body. The ne
    on record , are really those of worms. cessity for its use is indicated by the sensation
    Dracunculus Polyphillus , Arum dracun- of thirst. Fluid , taken during a meal , aids in TO
    culus - d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. the digestion of the food. Some drinks are ex
    DRAGÉES, ( F.) Almonds or dried pre- citing and tonic , as the different varieties of
    serves, covered with white sugar. Sugarplums. beer, wine, and spirit, which we use at table.
    DRAGEES DE KEYSER ; a pharmaceuticalpre- In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are 长
    paration , formerly much celebrated in syphilis. used to appease the thirst which prevails in la
    It was composed of acetate of mercury, manna, febrile affections , or to act as diluents in those
    starch , mucilage, and gum tragacanth . and other cases .
    DRAGMIS , Pugillus .
    DRAGON ( F.) Dragon. Some authors have TABLETHEIR OF ORDINARY DRINKS , ACCORDING TO
    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION .
    given this name to opaque spots on the cornea ,
    and to cataract . Spri ng water,,
    River water
    DRAGON'S BLOOD . See Calamus rotang . 1. Water. Well water , & c.
    Dragon Root, Arum triphyllum . Lemon juice,
    Currant juice ,
    DRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus.
    DRAINING , Desicca'tio, ( F. ) Desséchement. 2. Juices and infusions of Ani Whey
    Tea ,
    ,
    The act of drawing off the water from marshes, mals and Vegetables.
    Coffee,
    for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy Mattee, & c.
    emanations , which proceed from them . It is a Wines,
    well known fact , that from marshes arise cer Ale ,
    tain emanations or miasmata, with the nature 3. Fermented Liquors. Beer ,
    Cider,
    of which we are, however, totally unacquaint Perry.
    ed ; but which are the fertile source of inter Brandy,
    mittents and other diseases. Alcohol,
    Ether,
    Draining the soil and converting it into ara Kirschwasser ,
    ble land changes its character, and the malaria Rum ,
    ceases to be given off. It has frequently, how 4. Spirituous Liquors. Arrac ,
    Gin ,
    ever, happened, that although , in such situa Whiskey , 1
    tions , intermittents have been got rid of, con. Ratafies ,
    sumption has taken their place . Cordials, & c .
    DRAKENA , Dorstenia contrayerva.
    DRAPEAU ( F. ) Veaillum , from drap , DRIVELLING , Slavering .
    <
    cloth . A bandage, used in wounds, & c. of DROGUE . Drug.
    the nose , to keep the dressings in sitû. It DROGUISTE , Druggist.
    is compose d of a small triangular compress, DROGUIER . ( F. Same etymon as drug. A
    having two openings at its inferior part, corres. collection of different simple medicinal sub
    ponding to those of the nostrils . It is fixed by stances.
    means of a bandage, passing from its superior DROIT DE L'ABDOMEN , Rectus abdomi
    angle over the head ; and another passing round nis-d . Antérieur de la cuisse, Rectus femoris
    the head, under the orbits, so as to join the first d. Antérieur de la tête, Rectus capitis internus LE
    at the nape of theneck . Also , Pterygion ( q. v .) minor - d. Antérieur de la tête , grand , Rectus
    DRAP- FANON. See Fanon . capitis internus major-d. externe de l'ail, Rec .
    DRASTIC , Drasti'cus, Cenot'ic, from spau , tus externus oculi—d. Inférieur de l'ail, Rec
    I operate strongly .' Active (q. v .) An epi- tus inferior oculi-d. Interne de la cuisse, Gra
    thet, given to purgatives, which operate pow. cilis - d.Interne de l'ail, Rectus internus oculi
    erfully ; aselaterium , oil of croton , &c . d . Latéral de la tête , Rectus capitis lateralis
    DRAUGHT, Haustus - d. Black , see Infu- Postérieur de la tête, grand , Rectus capitis
    sum sennæ compositum . posticus major - d . Postérieur de la tête, petit,
    DRAX , Pugillus . Rectus capitis posticus minor - d . upérieur ,
    DREAM , Somnium - d.Waking, Hallucina. Rectus superior oculi.
    tion . DROP . ' Gutta, (q. v . )
    DRÈCHE, Malt. DROP, AGUE, TASTELESS, Liquor arsenicalis
    DREGS , Feculence . Black , Guttæ nigræ-d . Red , Ward's , see Vi
    DREPANOIDES, Falciform . num antimoniitartarizati - d. Serene ,Amaurosis.
    DRESS , Vestitus. DROPACISMUS , Depilation .
    DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, ' to put right.' DROPAX , Depilatory .
    An hospital assistant, whose office it is , to dress DROPS, ABBÉ ROUSSEAU'S , Laudanum
    wounds, ulcers, & c .' He corresponds in func- Abbatis Rousseau — d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi
    tion to the Elète externe of the French hospitals. næ acetatis—d . Antiscorbutic , Marsden's, see In .
    DRESSING , Cura , Curatio. (F.) Punse- fusum gentianæ compositum - d.Anti-venereal,
    ment . The methodical application of any re- see Tinctura ferri muriatis -- d. Chamomile , see
    medy or apparatus to a diseased part. Also, Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch , Balsam ofsulphur,
    the remedy or apparatus itself. Balsam of Turpentine - d. Fit, Spiritus ammo .
    DROPSY 245 DUODENUM

    niæ fætidus, see Fuligo - d. Golden , de la Duct- d . Auris palatinus , Eustachian Tube
    Motte's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfuricoæthereus d . Belleniani, Uriniferous Tubes.
    ferri-d. Green's, see Liquor Hydrargyri oxy . Ductus BARTHOLINIA'nus, Bar’THOLINE's
    muriatis — d. Jesuit's Tinctura benzoini com- Duct, (F.) Cunal de Bartholin . The excre
    posita - d . Lavender, Spiritus Lavandulæ com- tory du of the sublingual gland .
    positus-d . Nitre , Spiritus ætheris nitrici - d . Ductus Botalli , Arterial duct-d . Choledo
    Norris's, see Antimonium tartarizatum -d . Pec- chus, Choledoch duct - d. Chyliferus, Thoracic
    toral , Pectoral drops, Bateman's — d . Pepper. duct - d. Cibarius, Canal , alimentary - d. Fer
    mint, Pastilli de menthâ piperità — d. Soot, see reini, Ferrein , canal of—d. Hepaticus, Hepatic
    Fuligo - d . Wade's, Tinctura benzoini compo- duct- d . Incisivus , Palatine duct (anterior)
    sita - d. White, Ward's , see Hydrargyri nitras . d. Intestinalis , Canal, alimentary - d. Lacteus,
    DROPSY , Hydrops -- d. of the lower belly , Thoracic duct - d. Lachrymales, Lachrymal
    Ascites-d . of the Brain , Hydrocephalus- d . of ducts-d . Lacrumales, Lachrymal ducts—d .
    the cellular Membrane, Anasarca - d. of the Nasalis orbitæ , Lachrymal or nasal duct - d.
    Eye, Hydrophthalmia — d. General, Anasarca Nasalo -palatinus, Palatine duct ( anterior) -d.
    -d. of the Head, Hydrocephalus- d. of the la- ad Nasum , Lachrymal ornasal duct-d . Nutri
    chrymal Sac , Fistula lachrymalis - d. of the la- tii, Canals, nutritive-d. Pancreaticus, see Pan.
    chrymal Sac, Lachrymalhernia - d.of the Peri- creas — d. Pecqueti , Thoracic duct - d. Puncto
    cardium , Hydropericardium - d. of the Pleuræ , rum lachrymalium , Lachrymal ducts - d. Rivi.
    Hydrothorax - d. Water of, Serum of serous niani , see Sublingual gland -d . Rorifer, Tho
    membranes—d . Wind, Emphysema - d. of the racic duct.
    Wonib , Hydrometra . Ductus Saliva'lis INFERIOR, Ductus War
    DROPWORT, Spiræa filipendula. thonia'nus, ( F. ) Canal de WARTHON . The ex
    DROSERA ROTUNDIFO’LIA. The sys- cretory duct of the submaxillary gland.
    tematic name of the Sundew . Ros solis, Drosio .
    Ductus Saliva'lis SUPERIOR , Ductus Steno
    bot'anon , Dro'sium , Rorella , (F.) Rossolis. This niu'nus, Ste'no's Duct, (F.) Canal de STENON .
    plant has a bitter, acrid , and caustic taste. It The excretory duct of the parotid gland which
    has been used as a Itrubefacient,
    warts and corns .
    and to destroy opens into the mouth opposite the second upper
    has, also, been regarded molar tooth .
    as a pectoral Ductus SEROSI , Lymphatic vessels — d . Ste
    DROSIOBOTANON , Drosera rotundifolia . nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior - d. Tho.
    DROSIUM , Drosera rotundifolium . racicus, Thoracic duct - d. Urinæ , Ureter-d .
    DROSOMELI , Fraxinus ornus. Urinarius, Urethra -- d . Uriniferi Bellini , Uri .
    DRUG, Medicamentum , (F.) Drogue. A niferous tubes- d. Varicosi uteri , Tubæ fallo
    pame ordinarily applied to simple medicines, pianæ - d. Venosus, Canal,venous — d. Walthe
    but by extension , to every substance employed riani , see Sublingual gland-d. Warthonianus,
    in the cure of disease . Ménage derives it from Ductus salivalis inferior.
    droga ; and this from the Persian drou , odour ;' DUELECH , Dulech .
    because many drugs have a strong odour. It is DUELLA . The ancient name of a weight,
    from the Teutonic trocken , Sax . orizan, ' to dry . ' which was equivalent to eight scruples .
    DRUGGIST, DRUGGER , DRUGSTER. DUG , Nipple.
    Same etymon. ' Pharmacopo'la , Materialista , DULCAMARA , Solanum dulcamara .
    (F.) Droguiste. One who sells drugs. DULCEDO AMORIS , Clitoris .
    DRUM OF THE EAR , Tympanum . DULECH or DU'ELECH . A term em:
    DRUNKENNESS , Temulentia. ployed by Paracelsus and Van Helmont, to
    DRYING . Desicca'tion, Sicca'tio , Xeran'sis, designate a pretended tartarized substance ,
    Desicca'tio, Exsicca'tio ; same etymon as Drug. which forms in the human body, and produces
    Evaporation or removal of the superfluous hu- acute pain , accompanied with great danger.
    midity in a body. DUMBNESS, Mutitas.
    Desiccation of Plants . Those , which are DUNG , Fimus - d . Cow's , Fimus vaccæ- d .
    very succulent, should be dried quickly . They Goose , Fimus anseris-d. Stone-horse , Fimus
    must be spread upon lattice work ,covered from equinus .
    the light, and exposed to the heat of the sun or DUODENI'TIS , Dodecadactyli'tis. A hybrid
    to that of a stove, not exceeding 110° Fahren- term , from duodenum, and itis, denoting inflam
    heit. The drying of less succulent plants can mation. Inflammation of the Duodenum , cha
    be effected at a lower temperature . Flowers racterized by white tongue ; bitter taste ; ano
    must be dried very carefully, excluding the rexia ; fulness and tenderness in the region of
    light. Seeds are dried in a place, where there the duodenum ; and often yellowness of skin :
    is a free current of air. Pulpy fruits may be alongwith the ordinary signs offebrile irritation,
    exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, which may DÚODE'NUM , Ventriculus succenturia'tus,
    be gradually elevated. Roots may also be dried Ec'physis seu Appen'dir seu Proces'sus Ventri
    in the stove : the tuberous require to be cut in culi, Portona'rium, Dodecadac'tylon,from dwdexa,
    slices, ' twelve ,' and duxtv.os, ' a finger.' The duo
    DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal alimentary, denum is the first part of the intestinal canal,
    Thoracic duct-d . of Bellini, Uriniferous commencing at the pyloric orifice of the sto
    tube - d. Nasal, Lachrymal duct-d . of Pec- mach , and terminating in the jejunum . Its
    quet, Thoracic duct - d. of Wirsung, see Pan- length is about 12 fingers' breadth, and as it is
    creas .
    only partially covered by the peritoneum, it is
    DUCTOR CANALICULATUS, Gorget , susceptible of considerable dilatation : hence its
    name Ventriculus succenturiatus. In the duo
    d. Urinæ, Ureter.
    DUCTUS, Canal-d. Arteriosus, Arterial denum, chylification takes place by the admix
    DUO- STERNAL 246 DYSCINESIA

    ture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids with voyage, on 12 individuals of Van Dieman's
    the chyme. Land, 17 of New Holland , 56 of the Island of
    DUO -STER'NAL. Béclard thus names the Timor, 17 Frenchmen belonging to the expe, 1
    second osseous portion of the sternum , which dition , and 14 Englishmen in the colony of
    corresponds to the second intercostal space . New South Wales, he found their comparative
    DUPLICATION , Duplica'lio, Duplic"'ilas, strength , indicated by the dynamometer, to be
    Diplasias'mus, Diplo'sis. “ A species of malfor- as follows;
    mation characterized by the parts concerned
    being doubled .--Meckel . TABLE .
    DŪ'PLICATURE, Duplicatu'ra , Reflec'tion , STRENGTH
    from duplex , double,' two-fold . The folding
    or reflection of a membrane upon itself ; as
    NATIVES OF of the arm . of the loins . द
    Duplicature or reflection of the pleura, peritone
    21. & c .
    DUPON'DIUM. A weight of four drachms. Kilog . lbs. Myri. ibs.
    -Galen . 1. Van Dieman's
    DUR , Hard . Land 50.6 101.2
    DURA MATER , Crassa menint, dura me 50.8 101.6 10.2 208.08
    ninz, Menint exterior, Meninx sclera , puchei'a ? New Holland
    3. Timor 587 117.4 11.6 238.64
    of Galen , Dura membra 'na cer'ebrum ambiens, 4. France 69.2 138.4 15.2 310.081
    Čuticula'ris membra'na , M. dermato'des , Mé. 71.4 142.4 15.2 332.52
    ninge, - (Ch .) It has been called dura ,be. 5. England 2
    cause of its great resistance ; and , mater , be
    cause it was believed to give rise to every mem. DYNAMOMETER or DYNAMETER, MEDICINAL. 1

    brane of the body. ( F.) Dure mère. Dure. An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris , for the
    Taye (Paré .) It is a fibrous , semitransparent purpose of showing the quantity of active mat
    membrane, of a pearly -white colour, thick , and ter contained in a given weight or measure of
    very resisting ; lines the cavity of the cranium , any officinal compound, with the dose of any 1
    and contains the spinal marrow ; protects the preparation , which will be equivalent , in
    brain and marrow ; and , by its various expan- strength, to a given quantity of any other of
    sions — the falx cerebri , tentorium , &c .,-sup- the saine class. The instrument is more in
    ports the different parts of the cerebral mass. genious than useful.
    The largest artery of the dura mater is the A. DYOTA , Diota .
    meninga'a me'dia. DYS , dus , in composition, ' difficult, faulty :'
    DURA MATER, LATERAL Processes of the, sometimes privative; mostly answering to the
    Tentorium . particles dis, in , mis, or un . Hence :
    DURE MÈTE, Dura mater. DYSÆSTHESIA , from dus , ' with diffi.
    DURE TAYE , Dura mater. culty ,' and aiofaronal, ' I feel.' Obscure, di
    DURETÉ D'OREILLE, Bargecoia -- d. de minished , or even abolished sensation.
    r Quie, Deafness . DYSÆSTHESIA AUDITORIA , Cophosis - d . Gus .
    DURILLON, Callosity . tatoria , Ageustia—d . Interna , Amnesia-d. Ol
    DURUS, Hard. factoria , Anosmia .
    DWARF, Nanus. DYS ÆSTHE'sta Visuaʼlis, Paropsis. Sense
    DYCTOIDES , Reticular , of sight vitiated or lost.
    DYNAMETER, Dynamometer . DYSANAGO'GOS , from duş , ' with diffi
    DYNAM'IC. Same etymon . That which culty ,' and arayo), ' I bring up. That which is
    relates to the vital forces. expectorated with difficulty. An epithet given,
    DYNAMIS , Force . by the Greek writers , lo the spula, when ex
    DYNAMOMETER, Myodynamiom'eter, pectorated with difficulty on account of their
    Myodynamom'eter, from durauis, ' force ,' • vital viscidily.
    power , ' and pletgov, ' measure.' An instrument, DYSẢNNARRHOPHE'SIS, Dysanarrho
    contrived by M. Regnier , for measuring the ph'ia ; from duç, with difficulty , and arap
    comparative muscular strength of man and ani. oooyous, ' absorption . ' Diminished absorption
    mals . It consists of a spring, which , when from morbid causes.
    pressed upon , causes a needle to move upon a DYSCATABROSIS , Dysphagia.
    portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of DYSCATA POSIS , Dysphagia.
    kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes. To DYSCRASIA SCROFULOŠA,Scrofula—d .
    measure the strength of the hands, the two Tuberculosa, see Tubercle.
    branches of the spring are firmly grasped, and DYSCATAPOTIA , from δυς , and καταπινω ,
    brought as near together as the force can carry | drink .' Difficulty of swallowing liquids .
    them . This effort makes the needle traverse , This term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a
    and indicates , on the scale of kilogrammes, the substitute for hydrophobia , which means ditad
    strength of the experimenter's hands. A man , of liquids . The dread seems to be parwy caused
    25 or 30 years of age , exerts a force commonly by the difficulty of deglutition .
    equal to 50 kilograinmes or 100 pounds. DYSCHR'A , from dus , ' with difficulty ,'
    The strength of the loins of a man , about 30 and Xpoæ or xpora , ' colour.' Sickly or un
    years of age , as indicated by this instrument, healthy colour of the skin . Used synony
    is usually about 13 myriagrammes, or 265 mously with themacula (q . v.) of Willan.
    pounds , which shows the weight he is capable DYSCINE'SIA , from dus , with difficulty ,'
    of raising and xIvEQ , ' I move.' Difficulty or utter inca
    From experiments made by Peron, in his pability ofmoving.– Galen .
    DYSCOPHOSIS 247 DYSPEPSIA

    DYSCOPHOSIS , from dus , ' with difficulty ,' DYSMENORRHEA, Dysme'nia, Parame'
    and xoqow, ' I am deaf.' A defect in the sense nia diffi'cilis, Menorrha'già stillati'tia , Ame
    of hearing.-- Hippocr. norrha'a difficilis, Menses dolorif'icæ , Menor.
    DYSCRA'SIA , from dus and xoaois, ' tempe. Tha'gia ditli' cilis, Labo'rious Menstrua'tion.
    rament.' Intempe'ries (q. v .) A bad habit of Catamenia passed with great local pain , espe
    body. cially in the loins: - with sometimesa membra.
    DYS'CRITOS , from svş, ' with difficulty ,' nous discharge. D. is very difficult of remo,
    and xolis, judgment.' That, which it is dif- val, and prevents conception. In the married
    ficult to judge of. - Hippocr. female, if she should be able to pass one period
    DYSECA , Baryecoia, Deafness . without pain , and subsequently become preg
    DYSEL'CIA , Dysepulo'tus, from duş , ' with nant , the morbid action may be broken in
    gestationof,and
    upon , by Change
    difficulty,' and ' ennus, " an ulcer. An ulcer, tained. a perfect cure be ob
    difficult to heal. - Hippocrates, Foësius. air, soon after marriage,
    DYSEMESIA , Vomiturition . will sometimes give occasion to this desirable
    DYSENTERIA HEPATICA , Hepatirrhea. result. The affection generally depends upon
    DYS'ENTERY, Difficultas ' intestino'rum , subinflamınation of the interior of the uterus,
    from duş and ertegov, an intestine.' Dissolu'tus called into action at each catamenial period.
    Trorbus, Diarrhæ'a carnosa ,Colitis, Coloni'tis, The violence of the pain requires the liberal
    Deflur'us Dysenter'icus, Febris Dysenter'ica , Flu' use of narcotics.
    mer dysenter'icum , Flurus dysentericus, F.cru- DYSO'DIA, from dvoudice, í fætor,' from dus,
    en'tus cum Tenes’mo, Rheumatis'mus intestino'- ' badly ,' and ofw, I smell.' (F.) Puanteur.
    tum cum ulcerē, Tor'mina Celsi, Tor'mina , Sauvages has given this generic name to all
    Blennente'ria. The Bloody Flur ; the Flur, diseases, characterized by fetid emanations,
    ( F.) Flur dysentérique, Fluz de sang. Inflam- from whatever part proceeding; - from the
    mation of the mucous membrane of the large mouth , nasal fossæ, bronchia, stomach, axille ,
    intestine; the chief symptoms of which are :- groins, & c. Also, a stench or stink .
    fever, more or less inflammatory, with frequent DYSODONTI’ASIS , from dus , with dif
    mucous or bloody evacuations; 'violent tormina ficulty ,' and odortiaois, dentition.' Difficult
    and tenesmus. When the evacuations do not dentiiion .
    contain blood, it has been called Dysenteria DYSONEIROS, from dus, ' with difficulty ,'
    alba or simple Dysentery. The seat of the dis-and ove100s , ' a dream . Insomnia, with rest
    ease is, generally, in the colon and rectum. It lessness.
    occurs , particularly, during the summer and DYSO'PIA , from dus, ' with difficulty ,' and
    autumnal months, and in hot climates more on Topal, ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing: obscu
    than in cold : frequently , also, in camps and rity of vision .
    prisons, in consequence of impure air , and im- Dysopua DissiTORUM , Myopia .
    perfect nourishment: and is often epidemic. Dyso'pia. LATERAʼlis, Parop' sis latera'lis,
    Sporadic cases of dysentery are , generally, Skue-sight, Sight askew . Vision only accurate
    easily managed ; but when the disease occurs when the object is placed obliquely. This state
    epidemically, it often exhibits great malig- is generally caused by some opacity of the cor
    nancy. Generally, it yields to mild laxatives, nea.
    as castor oil , combined with diaphoretic nar- Dysopia LUMINIS, Nyctalopia - d. Proximo
    cotics , such as the pulvis ipecacuanhæ composi- rum , Presbytia - d .Tenebrarum , Hemeralopia.
    tus, and counter-irritants to the abdomen ; but, DYSOREX'IA , from dus , with difficulty ,'
    at times, the inflammation runs on so speedily and opešis, appetite .' Diminution of appe
    to ulceration , that, unless a new action be ra- tite.
    pidly excited , death will be the consequence. DYSOS'MIA , from dvę, with difficulty ,'
    in such cases, mercury must be rapidly intro-and onun,'smell.' Diminution of smell.
    duced into the system , and narcotics may be DYSPEPSIA, from dus, ' with difficulty ,'
    combined with it. ' The whole management in and mento ,' I concoct.' Limo'sis Dyspep'sia,
    acute dysentery must, of course, be strictly Anorer'ia, Apep'sia, Diges'tio deprava'ta, D.
    antiphlogistic. diffic'ilis, D.lasa, Indigestion, Difficulty of Di.
    D'YSEPULOTOS, Dyselcia. gestion . A state of the stomach , in which its
    DYSHÆMORRHEA, from dus , ' with dif- functions are disturbed , without the presence
    ficulty ,' and 'arpoopew , " I pass blood.' Dimi- of other diseases, or when, if other diseases be
    nution or suppression of the hemorrhoidal flux . present, they are of but minor importance .
    Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution The symptoms of dyspepsia are very various.
    or suppression . - Sagar. Those affecting the stomach itself are :-loss of
    DYSIATOS, dvolatos, from dvę , ' with dif- appetite ; nausea ; pain in the epigastrium or
    ficulty,' and canar, ' to heal.' Cura'tû diffi'ci- hypochondrium ; heart-burn ; sense of fulness,
    lis. Difficult of cure. - Hippocr . or weight in the stomach ; acid or fetid eructa
    DÝSLALIA , Balbuties. tions; pyrosis, and sense of Auttering or sink
    DYSLOCHI'A, Colica lochia'lis, Hysteral'giu ing at the pit of the stomach . The sympathetic
    lochialis, from dus and 2071os ; relating to par- affections are of the most diversified character.
    turition. Diminution or suppression of the lo- Dyspepsia, being generally of a functional na
    chial discharge . ture , is devoid of danger. When arising from
    DYSMASEPSIS , Dysmasse'sis, Bradymase'- disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course,
    sis, from dus, with difficulty , and maonois, more serious.
    • mastication .' Difficult or impeded mastica . It is usually dependent on irregularity of
    tion. living; either in the quantity or quality of the
    DYSMENIA , Dysmenorrhea. food taken : and the most successful treatment
    DYSPEPSODYNIA 248 EAR

    is, to put the patient on a diet easy of diges- | thoracic diseases. Urgent Dyspnea has been
    tion ; to combat the causes , where such are called amphipneu'ma, au Qunveruia . - Hippocr.
    apparent ; and, by proper remedies and regi DYSPNEA CONVULSIVA, Asthma - d. Hydro
    men , to strengthen the system in every practi- thoracica, Hydrothorax - d. Physothoracica ,
    cable manner . A great error exists in regard. Pneumothorax-d . Pinguedinosa , Pursiness
    ing it as always a disease of debility . It is d . Pneumatica , Pneumothorax — d. Pyothora
    often connected with an inflammatory or sub- cica, Empyema.
    inflammatory condition of the mucous lining DYSTHANATOS , from δυς and θανατος ,
    of the stomach , and of course a very different death .' That which causes a slow and pain .
    plan of treatment is required in the two cases. ful death . One who experiences this kind of
    Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis - d. Hypo- death . - Hippocr. — Galen.
    1
    chondriasis, Hypochondriasis - d. Pyrosis, Py. DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Difficiliter cura'bi
    rosis . lis; from dus and 9xpaneld , medical treatment.
    DYSPEPSODYNIA , Cardialgia . That which is difficult of cure .
    DYSPERMA'SIA , Dyspermatis'mus, from DYSTHE'SIA . Bad humour. Impatience
    dus, " with difficulty , and equa , sperm .' in disease ; from dvę, ó badly,' and nigruar, ‘ I
    Difficulty , sometimes incapacity of' voiding the am situate ,'- -Erotian .
    sperm . DYSTHETICA , Cachex'ies, same etymon .
    DYSPHAGIA , Dyscatabro'sis, Dyscatap'o- A morbid condition of the blood or blood-ves T
    sis, Deglutitio difficilis, D. la'sa, D. impedi'ta; sels; alone or connected with a morbid state of
    from dus, ' with difficulty , and quyw , I eat. other fluids, producing
    Difficulty of deglutition . Dysphagia is almost 4th order in the class aHæmat
    diseased habit.
    ica of Good,The
    in ti
    always symptomatic; either of inflammation or cluding Plethora , Hæmorrhagia , & c .
    of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or
    of incomplete obstruction of the esophagus , by DYSTHYM'IA , from dus and gunos, mind. '
    some obstacle within it,or bya neighbouring Depression
    diseases.
    , Despondency. A bad sign in acute
    tumour . At times , it is produced by spasm or DYSTOʻCIA , from dvş, and Toxos, < accou
    paralysis of the æsophagus. The prognosis chement.' A laborious accouchement, Parody
    3

    and treatment vary according to the cause.


    DYSPHAGIA GLOBOSA, Angone - d. Hysterica , nia,, morbid labour, difficult labour. Parius
    Angone -- d. Inflammatoria , Cynanche tonsilla: diffi'cilis. See Laborious. f
    ris-d . Linguosa, Paraglossa — d. Ranula, Ra DystociA ABORTIVA , Abortion - d . Dyscye .
    nula - d . Uvulosa, Staphylædema . sis, Pregnancy, morbid-d . Dyscyesis extra
    DYSPHO'NIA , from dus, and porn, the uterina, see Pregnancy, preternatural.
    voice.' Difficulty of producing and articulating DYSTOECHIASIS, Hispid'itas, from dus,
    sounds; voice imperfect or depraved. Apho- ' bad ,' and oto170$ , 'order.' Irregular position
    nia (of some.) of the eye-lashes. - Forestus.
    Dyspuoniá IMMODULATA NASALIS , Rhino- DYSU’RIA , Uri'næ diffi'cilis excretio , from 1
    phonia - d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. dvs , ' with difficulty ,' and ovpov, ' urine.' Stran '.
    DYSPHOR'IA , Inquietu'do, Asta'sia, Dis- gury ( q. v.), (of some.) Difficulty of passing 1
    satisfaction , Restlessness, Suffering ; from duş, the urine. 'In this affection the urine is voided
    and reow , " 'I bear. with pain , and a sensation of heat in some part
    DYSPHORIA ANXIETAS, Anxiety-d. Nervosa, of the urethra . Dysuria is the first degree of
    Fidgets - d . Simplex, Fidgets . retention of urine. It differs from strangury
    DYSPN'A, from duş and Treu , ' I breathe ,' in which the urine can only be passed in drops
    Pseudo-asthma, Anhela'tion , short breath , Bra- and with great straining.
    chuppna'a , Difficulty of breathing , ( F. ) Courte DYSURIA CALCULOSA, Calculi , vesical-d.
    haleine. Dyspnæamay be idiopathic or symp. Irritata , Calculi , vesical-d. mucosa, Cystir.
    tomatic ; the latter accompanies almost alllrhæa.

    E.

    EAGLE - STONE , Ætites. ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum


    EAR , Auris, Ous, ovs, Saxon , eare , (F.) and its dependencies; and ihe internal ear, com
    Orcille. The organ of audition. It is com- prehending the three semicircular canals , the
    posed of a series of more or less irregular cavi- cochlea and the vestibule ; which, together,
    ties , in which the sonorous rays are successively constitute the osseous labyrinth. Within the
    received and reflected, until they agitate the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem
    nerves which are destined to convey the im- branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule
    pression to the brain. The ear is contained and semicircular canals, but not extending into
    partly in the substance of the temporal bones ; the cochlea. Thesemembranes form themem
    and a part projects externally ,behind the joint branous labyrinth. Between the osseous and
    of the lower jaw . It may be divided into three themembranous labyrinth is situate the liquor
    portions ;—the outer or external car , formed by of Cotunnius, and within the membranous laby
    the auricle and meatus auditorius ; the middle rinth , is a fluid termed by DeBlainville , vitrine
    EAR- PICK 249 ECCHYMOMA

    auditive, from its supposed analogy to the vi- chicum autumnale--c. de Mer, Water, sea - e.
    treous humour of the eye. The form of the Mercurielle, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici-e. Minė
    membranous vestibule is not an exact imita- rale,Water, mineral - e. de Naples, Naples wa
    tion of the osseous cavity, being composed of ter, factitious-e. de Neige, Water, snowme. de
    two distinct sacs, which open into each other,- Pluie , Water, rain -- e. de Potasse , Liquor potas
    the one termed the Sacculus vestibuli; the other sæ-e. de Puit, Water , well --- e. Regale, Nitro
    the Sacculus, (q . v .) Each sac contains in its muriatic acid - e, de Source, Water, well-e.
    interior a smallmass of white calcareous matter Sucrée, Hydrosaccharum - c. de Vichy, Vichy
    resembling powdered chalk, which seems to be water-e. de Vie , Brandy-e.de Vie Allemande,
    suspended in the fluid of the sacs by means of Tinctura jalapii composita - e. de. Vie camphré,
    a number of nervous filaments proceeding from Spiritus camphoræ.
    the auditory nerve. These are the oloconies and EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii - e. Hépatiques,
    otolithes of Breschet. Waters, mineral, sulfureous - c. Minérales arti
    The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi- ficielles, Waters, mineral , artificial - e . Minérales
    ties of the internal ear . fuctices, Waters,mineral, artificial - e. Min'erales
    EAR, FLAP, Proptoma auricularum . ferrugineuses, Waters, mineral, gaseous , &c .
    EAR-PICK , Otoglyphis, Coch'learauriculdre , ~ e. Minérales gaseuses ou acidules, Waters,mi
    (F.). Cure-oreille, Auriscaľ pium . A species of neral , gaseous, & c.- e.Minérales salines,Waters ,
    small scoop, used for extracting hardened ceru- mineral, saline-e . Minérales sulfureuses, Wa
    men from the meatus auditorius externus ; or ters, mineral, sulfureous -- e. Sulfurées, Waters,
    to remove foreign bodies from the ear. If care- mineral sulfureous.
    lessly used, it is apt to excite inflammation of EBEAUPIN , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    the tube. An acidulous chalybeate, in the department of
    EAR - TRUMPET, Tubus acus'ticus, Acus. Loire Inférieure,near Nantes.
    ticum Cornu, ( F. ) Cornet acoustique. An in- ÉBLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling.
    strument for collecting sound and increasing EBRIECA'SUM . A term employed by Para
    its intensity , used by those who are hard of celsus to denote a disturbance of the reason ,
    hearing. It is, commonly, a kind of cone, similar to whatoccurs in drunkenness.
    formed of silver, tin , or elastic gum , the base EBRIETAS, Temulentia .
    of which is turned towards the person who is EBULLI'TION, Ebullitio, Æstud'tio, Anaz'.
    speaking, and the apex towards the entrance of esis, Causis, from ebulli're,' to bubble up.' Boil.
    the meatus auditorius externus. ing . ( F.) Bouillonnement . The motion of a
    EARTH , FULLER'S, Cimolia purpurescens liquid ,by which it gives off bubbles of vapour,
    -e. Heavy, Baryta -- e. Japan,Catechu - e .Lem- by heat or fermentation. The boiling point of
    nian, Terra Lemnia — e. Ponderous, Baryta—e . liquids varies, according to the pressure to which
    Samian , Samiterra - e. Sealed, Terra sigillata. they are subjected. For the point of ebullition
    EARTHNUT, Pignut, Bunium bulbocasta- of differentsubstances, see Heat.
    num , Ebullition is used in France , in a vague
    EAU, Water- e. d'Aix -la - Chapelle, see Aix- manner, for every kind of transient eruption of
    la -Chapelle - e. de l'Amnois, Liquor amnii - e. the skin, occurring without fever or with a
    d'Amandes amères, Aqua amygdalarum concen- slight febrile attack.
    trata - e.d'Armagnac,Tinctura cinnamomi com- EBULUS , Sambucus ebulus .
    posita - e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters- e . de Bar. EBUR, Ivory .
    éges, Baréges water - e. de Bonferme, Tinctura EC , ( before a vowel Er ,) ex , + , 'out of, trom ,
    cinnamomi composita - e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, of. Hence , Ecchymoma, Eclectic, &c .
    mineral waters of - c. de Boule, see Ferrum tar- ÉCAILLE, Scale .
    tarizatum- e. de Bourbonne-les -Bains, Bour- ECAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostreæ testes .
    bonne- les- Bains , mineral waters of-e. des Car- ÉCAILLEUX , Squamous.
    mes, see Melissa-e. de Chaur, Liquor calcis- ECBESOMENON , Eventus.
    e . de Chaux composée, Liquor calcis compositus ECBOLICUS, Abortive .
    -e . de Cuivre ammoniacal, Liquor cupri am- ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM , Momordica
    moniati - e. distillée, Water distilled - e. de Fon- elaterium .
    laine, Water spring-C. des Fontaines de la ECBRAS'MATA , from ezßpacw , ' I boil up.'
    Maréguerie, Rouen ,mineral waters of - e.contre Ecchym'ata . Hippocrates uses this word for
    la Gangrène, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici -e. de certain burning eruptions.
    Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris - e. d'Husson , ECCATHARTICUS , Cathartic .
    Want's Vinum colchici-e. des Hyılropiques, ECCHYLOMA, Extract .
    Serum of serous membranes - e. Hydrosulfurée ECCHYMATA , Ecbrasmata .
    simple, Hydrosulphuretted water. ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma,
    ÉAU DE JAVELLE , Bleaching liquid , Aqua Pelio'ma, from ex, out of,' and yvuos, juice ,
    alkal'na oxymuriatica, (Common salt tbij , black • humour.' Eff'u'sio, Exsucca'tio. A livid , black ,
    oxideof manganese ibj, water fbij. Put into a or yellow spot, produced by blood effused into
    retort, and add , gradually, oil of vitriol Ibij. the cellular tissue from a contusion. Spontane
    Pass the vapour through a solution of subcar- ous effusions, occurring as the result of disease
    bonate of potass Ziij, in water zxxix , applying or after death, are called sugillations. It is impor
    heat towards the last. S. G. 1.087.) It is tant, at times, in a medico -legal point of view ,to
    stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic , -applied distinguish between ecchymosis, produced dur
    externally . ing life ,and sugillation , occurring after death.
    EAU DE LAC, Water, lake -- e. de Luce, ECCHLYNOM A ARTERIOSUM , see Aneurism -- e .
    Spiritus ammoniæ succinatus - e. de Marais, Hyponychon , Hyponychon -- e. Lymphatica,
    Water, marsh - e. Médicinale d'Husson, see Col- | Phlegmatia dolens - e Melasma, Melasma.
    32
    ECCLISIS 250 ECLISSE

    ECCLISIS , Luxation . It goes off' by the use of antiphlogistics and


    EC'COPĒ, from ex and yoqtur, to cut. abstinence. In the vulgar language, it is often
    The act of cutting out : also, a perpendicular used synonymously with constipation, ( q. v.)
    division of the cranium , by a cutting instru. and sometimes for simple gonorrhea, (q. v.)
    ment . See Entaille . and for chafing, (q . v . )
    ECCOʻPEUS. Same etymon . A knife or ECHECOL'LON , from 120), ' I have,' and
    instrument for cutting. An ancient instrument xona, "glue. Echecollum . Any topical, glu
    -the raspatory - used in trepanning . tinous remedy .-Gorræus, Galen .
    ECCOPROŤ'IC , Eccoprot'icus, Ectoprot'ic, ECHELLES DU LIMACON, Scale of the
    from eš , out of, and 20.700 $, ` excrement. ' cochlea.
    Mild purgatives or laxatives, whose operation ECHENEIS, Remora Hildani .
    is confined to simply clearing out the intesti ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba.
    nal canal .
    column .
    ECCORTHAT ICUS, from ex , ' out of,' and ECHINE, Vertebral
    xop9ww , ' I collect.' An ancient epithet for ECHINOCOCCUS HOMINIS, see Worms
    . Humanus, Hydatid .
    remedies to which was attributed the property -eECHINOGLO
    of evacuating collections of humours. SSUM , Ophioglossum vulga
    ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinologiu , from IXOL tum .
    1'0), ' 1 separate ,' and noyos, “ a discourse.' A ECHINOPHTHALMIA , from fxivos, a
    treatise on the secretions. hedgehog , and oq Foimia , 'inflanımation of the
    EC'CRISIS, from ex and xpiro, ' I separate . ' eye. Ophthalmia of the eyelids in which
    Ercre'tio . The excretion or egestion , either of the cilia project like the quills of the hedge
    an excrementitious, or morbific matter, by any hog.
    of the outlets . ÈCHI'NOPS, from exiros, "hedgehog,'and
    ECCRIT’ICA, from ezzoiro ," I secern .' Dis- wy, ' the appearance.' " Crocodil'ion, Acunthal
    eases of the excernent function. The 6th class zuca , Scabio'sa carduifo'lia, Sphæroceph'ala ela
    in Good's Nosology . tior, Echinopus, Echi'nops Spharocepl'alus. The
    ECCYE’SIS, Pregnancy , preternatural - e. globe thistle. The root and seeds are reputed
    Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal - e. Ova- to be moderately diuretic .
    ria , Pregnancy, ovarial - e. Tubalis , Pregnancy, ECHINOPUS, Echinops.
    tubal ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda.
    EC'DORA , from ex , and dego , ' Iflay .' Anad'. ECHOS , Tinnitus Aurium .
    ora , Eucoria'tio. Excoriation in general , but ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclamp'sia ,
    more especially of the urethra . Epilamp'sis. Effulgescen'tia, from shaxtıiw , I
    ÉCHALOTTE, Eschalotte , Allium Ascalon ': kick . ' ' Epilepsy is often accompanied with
    icum , Cepa Ascalonica. The shallot' . A species flashings of light; and hence Hippocrates has
    of allium , employed in culinary preparations . used the two last words for epilepsy . They
    ÉCHANCRURE, (F.) Emargina'tio, emar- have all been applied to the convulsions of
    ginatu " ra. A French word, employed by anato- children .
    mists to designate depressions and notches ÉCLAIRE, Chelidonium majus - e. Petite,
    ( q. v. ) of various shapes, observed on the sur. Ranunculus ficaria.
    face or edges of bones. ECLAMPSIA , Convulsion - e . Typhodes,
    The ÉCHANCRURE NASALE belongs to Raphania.
    the os frontis, and articulated with the bones ECLEC'TIC (PHYSICIANS,) Edled tici ,
    of the nose . Med'ici, from evdeya, “ I choose .' A sect of
    The ÉCHANCRURE ETHMOIDALE is on physicians, who professed to choose, from
    the same bone,which it unites with the ethmoid other sects, all the opinions which appeared
    bone . See Ethmoid . to them best founded . Agathinus, of Sparta ,
    ÉCHANCRURE NASALE, Nasal Notch . master of Archigenes of Apamæa, in Syria, was
    The ECHANCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is its reputed founder ; and Archigenes, and Are
    a triangular space , comprised between the paro- tæus, its greatest ornaments.
    tidean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and Every judicious physician must be an eclec
    the mastoid process, so called because it lodges tic .
    the parotid gland . ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma , Elig'ma, Eliz'is,
    ÉCHARDE, Splinter. Lambiti' rum , Linctus,Linctua'rium , from everxw,
    ÉCHARPE GRANDE , et É MOYEN , see Dick .' ( F. ) Looch , ( q . v . ) A medicine , of a
    Sling-é. de J. L. Petit , see Sling—e. Petite, thick, syrupy consistence, chiefly used to allay
    see Sling cough ; and consisting of pectoral remedies . It
    ÉCHIUBOULURES, (F .) Sudam'ina, hidro'a. was formerly sucked from ihe end of a liquorice
    A word whose meaning is not fixed . It is ap- stick , made into a kind of pencil ; hence its
    plied to any eruption ou the surface of the body, name Linctus , from lingere, ' io lick .' Although
    accompanied the linctus is usually exhibited in thoracic af
    with pricking and other uneasy fections
    sensations. , it may have tonic virtues combined
    ÉCHAUFFANTS, Calefacients. with it .
    ÉCHAUFFEMENT, (F.) Calefac'tio, Excale- ECLEGMA ALBUM , Looch album - e . Gum
    factio, from échauffer, calefacere,
    to make moso - eleosum , Looch album .
    warm . Augmentation of heat in the animal ECLEIPISIS , Exfoliation .
    economy ; the symptoms of which are a more ECLEPISIS , Desquamation ,
    than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to ECLEPISITREPANON , Exfoliative trepan .
    rspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, ECLIGMA , Eclectos .
    Aushed countenance, & c . ÉCLISSE, Splint .
    ECLYSIS 231 ECTRIMMA

    EC'LYSIS , Ersolutio, from exivo,' I loosen. ' \ rigo favosa --e. Porrigo furfuracea, Porrigo fur.
    Resolution , prostration of strength , faintness . furans---e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata
    ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. e. Porrigo lupinosa , Porrigo lupinosa - e. Sca.
    ÉCOLE, School. bies , Psora .
    ECONOMY, Economia , from onzia , a ECPYETICUS, Suppurative.
    house , ' ' family,' and veuw , ' I rule . By the ECPYISCONTUS , Suppurative .
    term animal economy is understood, the aggre. ÉCREVISSE , Crab .
    gate of the laws, which govern the organism ECREXIS , Ruptura, from szonyroue, ' to
    of animals . The word economy is , also , used break. ' Rupture , laceration .
    for the aggregate of parts, which constitute ECRHYTA'MOS, from ex and ρυθμος ,
    man or animals. rhythm . A term applied to the pulse, par.
    ÉCORCE, Cortex - é Cariocostine, Canella ticularly , when irregular.-Galen .
    alba-é. de Saint Lucie, Cinchonæ Caribææ cor- ECROE , Discharge .
    tex- é de Winter, see Wintera aromatica - ė . ÉCROUELLES, Scrofula.
    Fausse de Winter , Canella alba . EC'RYSIS, from expe0), ' I run from .' A dis
    ÉCORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation. charge .
    ÉCOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhæa — é . ECSARCOMA, from ex and oans, ' flesh .'
    blanc, Leucorrhæa. A fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See
    ECPHLYSIS , Vesicula - e. Herpes, Herpes Fungosity and Sarcoma.
    -e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus-e . EC'STASIS, from a cotauan, ' I am beside
    Herpes exedens, Herpes exedens - e. Herpes myself.' An ec'stasy or trance, Carus ec'stasis,
    miliaris, Herpes phlyctænodes--e . Herpes zos . Catochus, Ex'tasis, Catulep'sia spu'ria. ( F. )
    ter , Herpes zoster - e. Pompholyx , Pompbolyx. Extase. A state in which certain ideas so com:
    ECPHRAX'IS, from exippuoou , I remove pletely absorb the mind, that the external sen
    obstruction . The action of deobstruent re- sations are suspended, the voluntary move
    medies . ments arrested, and even the vital action re
    ECPHRONIA, Insanity —e . Melancholia, tarded. In catalepsy , there is in addition com
    Melancholy plete suspension of the intellectual faculties.
    ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis cæci. This last condition is in general described as
    ECPHYMA, Excrescence , Tuniour - e . Cal . trance. See , also , Luxation.
    lus , Callosity- e. Caruncula, Caruncle - e. ECTASIA , Aneurism - e. Venarum , Varix .
    Clavus , Corn -e . Edematicum , Phlegmatia EC'TASIS , ' extension,' (q . v .) ' expansion .'
    dolens-e . Physconia, Physconia - e. Verruca , Ec'tasis Inidis, is the extension or expan
    Verruca . sion of the iris, which occasions diminution of
    ECPHYSEYSIS, from szpvoaw, ' I breathe the pupil.
    through , Ersuffla'lio. A quick and forced ex- ECTEXIS , Colliquation.
    pulsion of air from the lungs. ECTALIM'MA, Exulcera'tio, from ex9118w ,
    ECPHYSIS VENTRICULI , Duodenum . • I express,' ' I bruise . ' Attrition ( q . v . ) Cha
    ECPIES'MA, from exueu , ' I compress.' fings or excoriations, produced by external
    Effractu'ra, Impac'tion, Deces'sio . A fracture violence. - Hippocr.
    of the cranium, with depression of the frag. ECTHLIPSIS, Expression .
    inents and compression of the brain . ECTHY'MA , from exfvo), ' I break out.' ( F. )
    ECPIES'MOS, Expressio, ( q. v.) Ex'itus, Dartre crustacée. A cutaneous eruption, cha
    Ecpies'mon, same etymon. " Celsus uses these racterized by large round pustules always dis
    words to signify the forcing of the eye from tinct and seated upon an indurated and highly
    the orbitar cavity, with apparent but not real inflamed base . In the course of a day or two
    augmentation of the organ. See Exophthal- the pustules generally break. and olive-brown
    mia . incrustations are formed, which adhere firmly
    ECPLERO'MA , from 8 % , and niepow , ' I to the skin . These separate in about a fort
    fill,' a cushion , a pad. Hippocrates means, by night. The disease requires the antiphlogistic
    this term , a small pad or ball of leather or other treatment. Under the Ecthymata , Vogel has
    substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm- designated certain hard , unequal tumours,
    pit; used probably in reducing luxations of the which appear transitorily on the skin . See
    shoulder . Efflorescence and Pustule.
    ECPLEXIS , Stapor. ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory.
    ECPNEUMATOSIS , Expiration . ECTILMOS , Evulsion .
    ECPNEUSIS , Expiration . ECTOME , Castration , Entaille, Excision .
    ECPNOE , Expiration . ECTOMIUS, Castratus .
    ECPTOMA, Ecpto'sis, Exciden'tia, from ECTONION , Helleborus niger.
    & 2nnto ), I fall out. This word has been used ECTOPIA , Ectopisis, Ectopismus, from óxto
    in various senses. 1. Synonymously with lux- 7105 , ' out of place ,' morbid displacement of
    ation . 2. For the separation of gangrenous parts. See Luxation.
    parts. 3. For the expulsion of the secundines. Ectopia Ani , Proctocele — e . Herniosa, Her.
    4. For the prolapsus of the womb: and 5. For nia .
    intestinal or omental hernia, &c . ECTOPOCYSTICUS, from FX TOTOS, ' out
    ECPTOSIS , Luxation . of place,' and x votis, “bladder.' Diseases, de.
    ECPYCTICA , Incrassantia . pendent upon displacement of the bladder.
    ECPYEMA , Abscess , Suppuration . ECTOPROTIC , Eccoprotic.
    ECPYESIS , Abscess, Pustule - e. Impetigo, ECTRIM'MA, from extoßw, ' I rub off.' Ul.
    Impetigo - e . Porrigo , Porrigo - e .Porrigo crus- ceration of the skin ; and, particularly , that
    tacea, Porrigo larvalis - e. Porrigo favosa,Por- which arises from the pressure of the bed on
    ECTROMA 252 EFFUSION

    different parts of the body, after a protracted a saccharine substance to a medicine, whose
    confinement. - Hippocr. taste it is desirable to modify agreeably .
    ECTROMA , Abortion . EDULIS , Comestible.
    ECTROMELES: from ex7200rç, 'abortion, ' EFFERENT, Ef ferens, from ef fero , ' I car
    and peãos, ' a limb. A genus of monsters, in ry ,' " transport.' Vusa efferen'tia are those lym
    which the limbs are nearly or altogether defi- phatics, which issue from the lymphatic glands
    cient as in the ordinary cetacea. - J. G.St. Hic to convey their lymph to the thoracic duct ; so
    laire . called to distinguish them from those which
    ECTROPE, Diverticulum , from EXTOETTO), ' I pass to those glands, and which have been
    turn off ,' divert. Any duct by which pec . termed rasa deferen'tia . See Efferentia .
    cant or morbific matter was supposed to be EFFERVESCENCE , Effervescentia Çeois ,
    drawn off.- Hippocr. Exưaois, Ze'sis, Eczesis, from effertes'cere, ' to
    ECTROPION, same etymon. Ectro'pium , grow hot.' That agitation, which is produced
    Ever'sio pať pebre ,Blepharopto'sis Ectro'pium ,by the escape of gas through a liquid, inde
    Blepharoto'sis, Palpebra inferior extror' sum pendently of the heat of the mixture; such as,
    flexa , Dicarica'tio, ( F.) Eraillement des Pau- e . g . results from the mixture of the acetic acid
    pières, Renrer sementdes Paupières. Eversion of and carbonate of potassa.
    the eyelids , so that they do not completely In Pathology it has a similar signification .
    cover the globe of the eye . It happens more It expresses, in the language of the Humorists ,
    commonly to the lower than to the upper eye- a sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living
    lid. It may be owing to the retraction of the body; produced either by elevation of tempe
    skin, after the cure of an ulcer, wound , or burn rature or by the reaction on each other of the
    of the eyelid ; or it may depend on tumefaction principles contained in the fluids in circulation.
    or relaxation of the conjunctiva. In the ma- EFFETUS, Impoverished .
    jority of cases, removal of a portion of the con- EFFICACIOUS, Ef'ficar from effi'cere, ' to
    junctiva will operate a cure ; but there are accomplish. ' That which produces a great
    many which defy the efforts of art. The an- effect,as an efficacious remedy.
    Medici'na eficax, La médecine efficace, is a term
    cients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid , la- somet
    imes applied to surgery.
    gophthalmia . EFFILA , Ephelides.
    ECTROSIS, Abortion .
    ECTROSMOS, Abortion . EFFLORATIO , Exanthem .
    ECTROT'IC, Ectrot'icus, Abortive, ( q. v .) an EFFLORES'CENCE , Etjlora'tio, Efflorescen'
    epithet applied to methods for preventing the tia, from eflores'cere, ' to blow as a flower.'
    development or causing the abortion of any Stribili'go, Ecthyma, ex gvua. The conversion
    disease — as of chancres by the use of caustic; of a solid substance into a pulverulent state by
    small pox pustules, by the use of mercurial oint- exposure to the air . In salts this is generally
    ment , & c . owing to the loss of a part of their water of
    ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretic. crystallization.
    ÉCUMEUX, Frothy : In Pathology, efflorescence has the same
    ECZEMA, from exico , ' Iboil out.' Eczes'- meaning as exanthema; and, in the nosology.
    ma , Pus'tula ardens. Heat eruption. An of Sauvages, the name is given to that order of
    eruption of small vesicles on various parts of diseases . Sometimes, it is confined to the cu
    the skin ,usually set close or crowded together ; taneous blush , the eranthesis of Good .
    with little or no inflammation around their EFFLORESCENTIA , Exanthem ,
    bases and unattended by fever. EFFLORESCENTIÆ , Élévures.
    Ec'ZEMA MERCURIALE, Eczema rubrum , EFFLUVIUM , Emanation-e . Latrinarium ,
    Erythe'ma mercuria'le, Hydrargyr'ia , Hydrar- Mitte.
    gyrosis, Hydrargyriasis, Morbus mercuria'lis, EFFLUVIUM PALUSTRE, Miasm , (Marsh .)
    Mercu'rial lepra. A variety of eczema, arising EFFORT, Nisus, Donatus , Peira, nuga . A
    from the irritation of mercury. The treatment muscular contraction of greater or less strength,
    is chiefly palliative, consisting in ablution with the object of which is , either to resist an exter
    mucilaginous infusions or decoctions ; mild nal force, or to accomplish a function , which
    dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated ; has become naturally laborious; such are, the
    avoiding all irritation ; keeping the bowels act of pushing away or of drawing a body to
    open ; with the use of the sulphuric acid and wards us, and the more or less painful efforts
    cinchona. The Eczema Impetigino'des, Gall used by the mother to cause the expulsion of
    or Grocer's Ilch, is produced by the irritation of the fætus. In France, the word effort is often
    sugar . used synonymously with hernia ; and signifies
    Eczema RUBRUM , Eczema mercuriale . likewise, the painful twitches of muscles, oc
    ECZESIS, Effervescens. casioned by over-exertion, or by the rupture
    ECZESMA , Eczema , Lichen tropicus . of someof their fleshy fibres. Sauvages calls
    EDENTE, Edentulus. Eforts des reins, Lumbago à nisứ, the pain in
    EDEN TULUS,Ano'dos, arodos, Carens den'- the loins occasioned by bearing too heavy a
    tibus, (F.) Édenté. One without teeth . This burden.
    defect can only be remedied by artificial means. EFFORT , Hernia-e. des Reins, see Effort.
    EDERA , Hedera helix . EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma.
    EDULCORA’TION, Glycan'sis, Edulcora'tin, EFFRACTU'RA Cranii, Enthla'sis Cra'nii .
    from edulcora're, ' to sweeten ,'' to render mild . ' Fracture of the cranium , with depression.
    An operation , the object of which is to deprive Paré .
    a substance of its acrid and disagreeable taste , EFFUSION , Efu'sio, from effundere, ' to pour
    or at least to disguise it. Also, the addition of lout.' (F.) Épanchement, (Infiltration is the term
    ÈGAREMENT D'ESPRIT 233 ELBOW

    generally employed for effusion into the cellu- ! EJEC'TION, Ejec'tio from ejicere, ' to throw
    lar membrane.) The pouring out of blood or out or eject.' The excretion of the fåeces, urine,
    of any other fluid into the cellular membrane, sputa , &c .
    or into the cavities of the body. The effusion EL NISPERO , Achras sapota.
    of serum or of coagulable lymph , e . g. is a com- ELABORATION , Elabora'tio ; from labo
    mon result of inflammation of serous mem- ra're, to work . ' This word is used , by phy
    branes . siologists to signify the various changes, which
    ÉGAREMENT D'ESPRIT, Delirium , In- substances, susceptible of assimilation, under
    sanity . go through the action of living organs, before
    EGESTAS , Want . they are capable of serving for nutrition . The
    EGESTIO , Dejection , Excretion . food is said to be elaborater in the stomach
    EGG - PLANT, Solanum melongena - e. during the formation of chyme; the chyme is
    White of, Albumen ovi . elaborated in the small intestine before it is
    EGLANTIER DE CHIEN , Rosa canina-e . chyle , & c .
    Saurage, Rosa canina . ELÆ , Olea Europea .
    EGOBRONCHOPHONY. See Egophony: ELÆAGNUS CORDO , Myrica gale .
    EGOPHONY,JE gophonia , from aš, a goat,' ELÆOCARPUS COPALIFERA, Copal.
    and wann, ' voice.' Goat's Voice , Bleating Voice, ELÆOM'ELI, from thatov, " oil , ' and peede ,
    Pectoriloquie chèvrotunte. Laënnec his desig : 'honey.' Dioscorides means, by this, an oil
    nated , by this name, the kind of resonance of thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which
    the voice through the stethoscope, when we flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is
    examine the chest of one labouring under mode acrid and purgative ; and sometimes occasions
    rate effusion into one of the pleur « . The voice , serious symptoms , according to that author.
    which strikes the ear through the cylinder, is Gorræus.
    more sharp and harsh than usual, and tremu- ELEON , Oil .
    lous and broken like that of the goat. The ELÆOPH'ANES, from sharor , oil,' and
    patient himself is called Égophone. Bouillaud parroman, ' I appear.' That which has the ap
    affirms that the “ bronchial and bleating voice pearance of oil; as Uri'na elaoph'anes.
    (égobronchophonie ) is the principal symptom of ELÆ'O -SACCHARUM , from ehalov, oil ,'
    pleuropneumonia . and oax yaq, sugar.' O'leo -Sac'charum , Balsa
    EGREGOR’SIS , from eyokyopew ), ' I watch .' mo -Sac'charum . A medicine , composed of es
    Vigilia. A watchfulness. A morbid want of sential oil and sugar. It was made by pouring
    sleep .-- Galen. upon an ounce of sugar, reduced to an im
    EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus. palpable powder, gss or 3j of an essential
    EIDOS, duş, ' form , resemblance . ' The oil ; the mixture being triturated until the
    is often changed into us, at the termination of a two substances were perfectly united.— Rol
    word . Thus , Hæmatoi'des or Hæmatodes. fink .
    EILAMIDES , Meninges. ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea
    EILE'MA, from eneos, ileus, ' a convolution .' -e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea.
    Vogel has given this name to a fixed pain, oc- ÉLAN , Cervus alces.
    cupying some portion of the intestinal canal, ELANCEMENT. See Lancinating.
    which the patient compares to the sensation ELAPHOBOSCUM , Pastinaca sativa.
    that would be produced by a nail driven into ELAPSUS, Luxation .
    the part. ELASMA, from chuurw , ' I drive up.' A
    EILEON , Ileon . Clyster Pipc.-- Linden .
    EILEUS, lleus. ELASTES, Elasticity.
    EILOID , ( Tumour,) Eiloïdes, from adw , ' I ELASTIC " ITY, Elastic''itas, Elater, Elas' .
    roll,' and nidos , resemblance .' A morbid tes, Elates, Vis elastica, Tone, Tonic''ity, Con .
    growth
    Warren
    of the cutis, coiled or folded . - J. C. tractilité de Tissu, Contractilité par défaut d'ex
    . tension, from sævro),' I impel.' The property
    EISBOLE, Attack , Injection . by which certain bodies return to their proper
    EISPNOE, Inspiration . size and shape where these have been modified
    EJACULATION, Gonobolia, Gonobolis'mus, by pressure or otherwise. It is possessed by the
    Ejaculatio Semi'nis. The emission of sperm . dead as well as living solid.
    The act, by which that fluid is darted out ELATE , Pinus picea - e. Theleia, Pinus ru
    through the urethra. bra.
    EJACULATOR . Same etymon . Ejac- ELATER , Elasticity.
    ulans, from jaculare, ' to dart,' * to lance . ' See ELATERINE. See Momordica elaterium .
    Transversus Perinæi. ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momor
    The EJACULATORY Ducts or Canals, ( F.) dica elaterium .
    Conduits ou Canaux éjaculateurs, are formed ELATES, Elasticity.
    by the union of the vasa deferentia with the ELATIN . See Momordica elaterium,
    ducts of the vesiculæ seminales. They open ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine.
    at the lateral and anterior parts of the verumon. ELBOW ,Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pcchys, Ulna, (q. v.)
    tanum , and convey into the urethra the sperm (F.) Coude. This word, abstractedly, means
    which is discharged from the vesiculæ, as well the angle formed by the union oftwo straight
    as that which comes directly from the testicle bodies. It is particularly applied to the ar
    by the vas deferens. ticulation of the arm with the forearm , and
    EJACULATOR SEMINIS , Accelerator urinæ . especially to the projection formed by the
    EJECTIO, Excretion - e. Fæcum , Defeca- olecranon process at the posterior part of the
    lion .
    joint.
    ELCOMA 254 ELEPHANTIASIS

    ELCOMA, Ulcer. Confectio senne - e . Eccoproticum , Confectio


    ELCO'SIS or HELCO'SIS , Elco'ma or Hel- senne - e de Kinâ kinâ, Opiatum febrifugum
    co'ma, from beixos, an ulcer: Ulceration, in e . Laxativum, Confectio cassia - e. Lenitivum ,
    general. An ulcer, (q. v.) A deep ulceration Confectio senne - e. Opiatum, Confectio opii
    of the cornea, in consequence of a blow or of e . Scammonii, Confectio scammoniæ - e. è
    violent inflammation . - Galen, Paré . Scammonio, Confectio scammonia - e . Sennæ,
    Sauvages applies the term to a state of the Confectio senne - e. Sennæ compositum , Con
    body , in which there are numerous ulcerations , fectio senne - e. Sennæ cum pulpis, Confectio
    of an obstinate character , complicated with senne - e . Thebaicum ,Confectio opii .
    caries, putrescency, low fever, &c . ELELISPHACOS, Salvia.
    ELCUSTER , Embryulcus. EL'EMENT , Elementum, Principium , P.
    ELDER, Sambucus — e. Dwarf, Sambucus primiti'vum , Stocheion. A simple, ultimate con
    ebulus . stituent or principle in the human body , which
    ELECAMPANE , Inula helenium . forms the basis of a fibre or tissue. Also , a con
    ELECTARIUM E CASSIÂ , Confectio cas- elements
    siæ . area compound
    stituent of organ. The inorganic
    simple principles. An organic ele
    ELECTRICITAS ANIMALIS, Galvanism ment, proximate principle or compound of orga
    -e:Galvanica,
    vanism .
    Galvanism — e.Metallica ,Gal- organic the union
    results fromOxygen
    nization,elements. of certainin
    , hydrogen, carbon
    ELECTRIC'ITY, Electric" itas, from nex- and azoteare inorganic elements; fibrine , albu
    Tpov , ' amber, '--the substance in which it was men , osmazome, &c . , organic elements.
    first noticed . Electricity is , used medically , as ELEMENTS , ORGANIC , Principles, immediate .
    an excitant. It has been occasionally employed ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM , Oxygen .
    with success in paralysis , rheumatism, acci ELEOSELINUM , Apium petroselinum .
    dental deafness, amaurosis, amenorrhæa, &c . , ELEPHA NTI'ASIS . Elephanti'a, Elephan
    but it is uncertain, and not much used ; and tias'mus, Elephas, Laz'ari morbus vel malum ,
    the cases are by no means clear in which it could Phanic''eus morbus, Phymato'sis Elephanti'asis,
    be of service. It may be communicated by from sheqas,óan elephant. Various affections
    means of the electric bath - Bain électrique, as it have been described under this name by adding
    has been called ; which consists in placing the an epithet. It is ordinarily and generically
    patient upon an isolated stool,andconnecting applied to acondition, in which the skin is
    him with the prime conductor, of which he thick , livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible
    thus becomes a part. The fluid may be com to feeling.
    municated by points, sparks , or by shocks, ac In the E. ARAB'ICA, Maladie glandulaire,
    cording to the required intensity. Ladrerie, Tyriasis, tupiadis, Elephas, Elephan
    TO ELECTRIFY, from electric and fio , ' I ti'asis, E. in'dica ,Elephantia Arabum , Lepra
    make.'( F.) Electriser. To produce the elec- Arabum , (ofsome. T'he tubercles arechiefly
    trical condition in a body , or to render it sus on the face and joints. There is loss of hair ,
    ceptible of producing electrical phenomena. It except on the scalp ; voice, hoarse and nasal
    is often used tosignify the act of communi. and the disease is said to be contagious and
    hereditary. It most frequently attacks the feet ;
    cating the electric fuid to man .
    ÉLECTRISER , to electrify. and gives the lower extremity a fancied resem
    ELECTROʻDES, from nextpor, amber ,' blance to the leg of the elephant, whence its
    The seat
    the lymphatic disease
    of theand glandsseems
    and ados, ' resemblance. An epithet for eva- name .
    vessels , andtoinbethe
    in
    cuations, whichshine like amber .- Hippocr., subcutaneous cellular tissue:the inflammatory
    Foësius.
    ELECTROPUNCTURE , Electropunctura- conditio is .accompa
    which ms
    n ofsympto
    ral morbid nied
    Medicin e has gene.
    withlitile or
    tion , Galvanopuncture. The operation of in . no effect on this loathsome complai
    serting two or more wires, and then connecting Lepra. nt. See
    them to the poles of the Galvanic apparatus .
    ELECTRUM , Succinum . T'he E. OF THE GREEKS, E. Græcorum , is
    ELECTUAIRE DENTIFRICE , Dentifrice . probably the same disease
    The ELEPHANTIASIS OF CAFEINE which
    as Lepra ,, Mal see .
    rouge
    ELECTUARIUM , Electa'rium , an Electra . de Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra,
    ry , from eligere, ' to make choice .' . (F.) Elec- characterized by redandyellowspots, occupy .
    tuaire. A pharmaceutical composition of a soft ing the forehead , ears, hands, loins, &c . , after
    consistence , somewhat thicker than honey , and wards extending and becoming scaly, with
    formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup,hoc deformity of the parts where they are seated,
    ney , &c. In the London and American Phar- particularly of the face ; and ultimately pro
    macopeias, electuaries are called Confections, ducing cracks , ulcers, caries, and sometimes
    which see . death .
    ELECTUARIUM DE Alof , Opiatum mesente- The ELEPHANTIASIS OF Java is likewise a
    ricum-e. Aperiens , Confectio sennæ-e . Aro- variety of lepra, characterized by large, white
    maticum , Confectio aromatica - e. Cassia , Con- tumours on the toes and fingers, resembling
    fectio cassiæ - e. Cassiæ, Confectio Cassie - e . scrofulous tumefactions. These tumours ulce .
    Cassiæ fistulæ , Confectio cassieme. Cassiæ rate, and the ulcerations spread from the extre
    sennæ , Confectio senne-e . Cassia tamarinda- mities towards the trunk , destroying even the
    tum seu lenitivum, Confectio cassiæ- e . Ca- bones. Amputation can alone arrest its pro
    tholicum commune, Confectio sennæ -- e . Cin- gress . The disease is often accompanied by
    chonæ, Opiatum febrifugum - e. de Croco emen. alopecia, and by an eruption of red spots.
    datum, Confectio hyacintii- e . Diaprunum , The ELEPHANTIASIS or India is character.
    ELEPHANTINUM 255 ELIXIR

    ized by red , livid , or yellowish spots, slightly the arm of the lever can be lengthened at plea
    prominent, to which succeed indolent tumours, sure.
    formed in the cellular texture. At a more ad. The ELEVATOR OF Louis differed from the
    vanced period the phalanges swell , and become last only in the circumstance of the screw -peg
    ulcerated ; the bones of the nose carious, the being united to the bridge by a kind of pivot
    lips thickened , and emaciation gradually car. instead of hinge, so that greater extent of mo
    ries off the patient. It belongs, likewise, to tion is permitted.
    lepra. The simple lever is the only one now used,
    ELEPHANTIASIS Italica, Pellagra . owing to the want of facility and advantages in
    The BARBA'DOES LEG , Glandular disease of the use of the others.
    Barbaboes, is the Elephantiasis of many writers , ELEVATOR ANI , Levator ani - e. Labii infe
    Buc'nemia. It is characterized by the leg being rioris, Levator labii inferiorisme. Labii supe
    enormously tumid and misshapen : skin thick - rioris proprius, Levator labii superioris proprius
    ened , livid, and rugose : often scaly ; scrotum , -e. Labiorum communis, Levator anguli oris
    arms, or other parts sometimes participating in -e. Oculi, Rectus superioroculi-e. Patientiæ,
    the affection. The Bucnemia Tropica or Cochin Levalor scapulæ -- e. Scapulæ, Levator Scapulæ
    leg is an affection of this kind .
    ELEPHANTINUM EMPLAS'TRUM ,che -e. Testiculi,
    Transversus Cremaster - e. Urethræ , see
    perinæi.
    qartirov. An ancient plaster, composed of 30 ÉLÈVE INTERNE, House surgeon .
    parts of ceruss, 45 of war, oil lbss , water ibj.- ÉLÉVURES, (F.) Efilorescentiæ . A generic
    Castelli. Oribasius and Celsus both mention a name, including all the exanthemata , in which
    plaster of this name, but by no means similar there is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin.
    in composition . See Exanthem .
    ELEPHAS , Elephantiasis, Ivory. ELIASTER, Ilech.
    ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM , Amomum ELICHRYSUM , Solidago virgaurea - e.
    cardamomum . Montanum , Antennaria dioica.
    ELEUTERIA , Croton cascarilla. ELICOIDES, Capreolaris.
    ÉLEVATEUR, Elevator-é. Commun de l'aile ELIGMA , Eclectos.
    du nez et de la lèvre supérieure, Levator labii ELIQUATIO , Colliquation.
    superioris alæque nasi — é. de l'Eil , Rectus su- ELIXATIO, Epse'sis, eyrous, from elix'us,
    sodden .' This word
    perior oculi — é.de la Paupière supérieure,Leva - boiled ,' ously has been used
    tor palpebræ superioris. synonym with Decoction . The act of
    ELEVATOR, from eleva're,' to lift up.' (F.) boiling:
    Élérateur. A muscle, whosefunction it is to ELIX'IR , Isir, Irir, Quelles, Alex'ir. The
    raise the part into which it is inserted . - See etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery
    Levator .
    1

    derives it from sixw , ' I extract ; ' and also from


    ELEVA'TOR, Elevato'rium , Vectis elevato'rius.avecw, ' I aid.' Others believe it to be from
    A namegiven to differentsurgical instruments, Arabic, al-ecsit, or al-eksir, chymistry.' An
    employed for raising portions of bone, which elixir is a medicine, composed of various sub
    have been depressed, or for raising and detach- stances held in solution in alcohol. The name
    ing the portion of bone, separated bythe crown has been used, however, for preparations, which
    of the trepan . contain no spirit of wine.
    The COM'MON ELEVATOR is a mere lever ; ELIXIR ACIDUM HALLERI, seu DIPPE’LII,
    the end of which is somewhat bent and made Elixir Antipoda g'ricum , E. Antinephreticum ,
    rough , in order that it may less readily slip E. Sulphu'rico'ad'idum , Guttæ ad'ida tonica,
    away from the portion of bone which is to be Aqua Rabe'lii, Liquor ad'idus Halleri, Mistu'ra
    raised. Theinstrument is used, by forminga sulphurico-ad'ida , Æther sulphuricus alidus,
    fulcrum for it, either on the hand which holds Ad'idum sulphu'ricum alcoolisa'tum , A. vitriol'.
    it, or upon the fingers of the other hand ; or by icum vino'sum, Alcohol Sulphurica'tum , A. Sul
    making a fixed point for it on the edge of the ricphu'ricum , is a mixture of concentrated sulphu
    opening made with the trephine. acid and alcohol :-in the Eau de Rabelle, of
    The TRIPLOID ELEVATOR, Vectis triploïdes, one part of the former to three of the latter.
    was so called from its consisting of three It is employed as an astringent in hemor
    branches, uniting above in one common trunk. rhages, &c.
    The latter part was traversed by a long screw , Elixir Aloes, Tinctura aloes composita - e.
    having below a kind of hook, and above a han- Anthelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii
    dle for turning it. By turning the screw the composita .
    hook was drawn up , and the bone thus elevated. ELIXIR Anti-AsthmaT'IC , OF BOERHAAVE .
    The ELEVATOR OF Petit consists of a lever This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed,
    mounted on a handle,and straight throughout camphor, orris, asarabacca root, calamus aroma
    its whole length ,except at its very end, which ticus, liquorice,and elecampane. It is given in
    is slightly curved, in order
    the that it may bemore
    in- asthma, in the dose of 20 or 30 drops .
    conveniently put under portion of bone, Elisir ANTIHYPOCHONDRIACUM , Tinctura
    tended to be elevated. The lever is pierced at cinchonæ amara — e. Antinephreticum , E. aci
    various distances from its but -end with several dum Halleri-e. Antipodagricum , E. acidum
    holes, intended for the reception of a movable Halleri - e. Aperitivum , Tinctura aloes com
    screw - peg, fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. posita.
    This part of the instrument consists of an arch, Elixir, Anti -SCROF'ULOUS, OF PEYRILHE ;
    the ends of which are long,and covered with composed of weak alcohol, subcarbonate of po
    small pads, and on its centre is thescrew -peg tass, and gentianroot. It is administered in
    already mentioned. By means of these holes scrofula.
    ELIXIR 256 EMANATION.

    ELIXIR CARMINATIVE, of Sylvius, Tinctura Americana - e. Rough - leaved, Ulmus Ameri


    carminativa Sylvii - e. Daffy's, Tinctura senne cana - e. Slippery, Ulmus Americana.
    comp - e . Danorum ,E. pectorale regis Daniæ- ELMINTHO-CORTON, Corallina Corsi
    e. Fetidum , Tinctura castorei composita -e. of cana.
    Garus , Tinctura de croco comp ta - e. Guaiaci ELO'DES , Marshy. Febris Elodes, Helodes
    volatilis , Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata — e. Ja- Marsh fecer, Helop yra, Helopyretos, from ' 205,
    lappe compositum , Tinctura jalapii composita ' a marsh ,' and sidos, resemblance.' Also, a
    -e. of Long Life, Tinctura aloes composita - kind of fever, characterized by great moisture ,
    e. de Longue vie,Tinctura aloes composita - e. or sweating .
    d'Or, de, M. le Général de la Motte, Tinctura seu ELOME, Orpiment.
    alcohol sulfurico -æthereusme. Paregoric , Edin- ELONGATIO , Parathroma, from elongare ,
    burgh, Tinctura opii ammoniata - e. Paregorio " to lengthen,' 'extend.' An incomplete luxa
    cum , Tinctura camphoræ compositum - e. Pec- tion , in which the ligaments of an articulation
    torale dulce, E. pectorale regis Daniæ . are stretched and the limb lengthened, without
    Elix'ir PectorA'LE Regis DANIÆ, Eliz'ir total luxation. The word has, also, been used
    Dano'rum , E. Ringelman'ni, E. er succo Gly . by the extension required in the reduction of
    cyrrhi'zæ, E. pectora'lē dulcē, E. è succo liquiri- fractures and luxations.
    tiæ : ( Succ . glycyrrhiz. p. 1 ; Aq. Fænicul. p . 2. ELUTRIATIO , Decantation .
    Alcohol. ammoniat. p. 6. A formula in many of ELU'VIES, from eluo, “ I wash out.' An
    the Pharmacopeias of continental Europe. ) inordinate discharge of any fluid , and also the
    With the addition of opium it constitutes the fluid itself. In the works of some authors it is
    Elixir ammoniato-opia'tum , Extractum theba' particularly applied to the mucus which flows
    icum ammoniuca'lē of some Pharmacopeias. from the vagina in cases of leucorrhea.
    ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS, Tinctura aloes com . ELUXATION , Luxation .
    el Radc
    posita liffe's see Tinctura
    -- e.Purgans, aloes comp
    Tinctura jalapii ositata
    composita ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrhea.
    ELYTROBLENNORRHEA, Leucorrhæa
    e. Rhej dulce , Vinum rhej palmati - e. Ringel- | (vaginal.).
    manni, E. pectorale regis Danix-e. Roborans EL'Y TROCEʼLE, from càvtpov, “ an enve
    Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonæ amara - e. Sacrum ,lope,' and xran, a tumour.' Vogel has given
    Tinctura rhej et aloes - e. Salutis, Tinctura ibis name to vaginal hernia. Colpocele.
    sennæ comp.-e. Squire's, see Tinctura cam- ELYTROITIS, Colposis.
    phoræ composita - e. Stomachicum , Tinctura ELÄYTRON, from sivo , I involve. A
    gentianæ composita — e. Stomachicus spirituo- sheath. The vagina. The membranes which
    sus, Tinctura cinchonæ amara - e. Stoughton's, envelop the spinalmarrow are called elytra.
    see Tinctura gentianæ composita - e. ex Succo ELYTRON CUS, Elytrophy'ma,from siutpov,
    glycyrrhizæ , E. pectorale regis Daniæ - e.Succo “a vagina or sheath ,' and oyxos, a ' tumour. '' A
    liquiritiæ , E. pectorale regis Danorum -- e. Sul- swelling of thevagina.
    phurico -acidum , E. acidum Halleri - e. Trau- ELYTROPHY MA, Elytroncus.
    maticum , Tinctura Benzoini compositum. ELYTROPTO'SIS , from siutpov, “ a sheath ,'
    ELIXIR VITÆ , OF Mathi'olusi composed of and Twoig, fall.' Callisen gives this name to
    alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub- inversion of the vagina. Also, Prolapsus vagi
    stances. It was formerly employed in epilepsy. næ , ( q. v.).
    ELIXIR OF VITRIOL, Sulphuric acid , dilute- ELYTRORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaph'ia ; Col
    e. Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum- porrhaphy, Kolporrhaphy; from siutpor, " the
    e. Vitrioli acido-aromaticum , Sulphuricum aci- vagina,' and yaon, a suture.' The operation of
    dum aromaticum - e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus closing the vagina by suture in cases of pro
    ætheris aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aro- cedentia uteri.
    maticum - e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium , Sulphu- EM and EN, tv , in , into, within . Also ,
    ricum acidum aromaticum-e. Vitrioli Myn- 'excess ;'-- frequently used in this last sense
    sichti , Sulphuricum acidum aroniaticum-é. of by Dr. Good . A common prefix , generally
    Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus ætheris aromaticus - e. answering to the prefixes im and in , in Eng.
    Vitrioli cum tincturâ aromaticâ, Sulphuricum lish. In composition, before B,77, 9, 4, and »,
    acidum aromaticum -- e . of Vitriol, Vigani's, the v is changed into u ; before y , %, 5 , and x ,
    Spiritus ætheris aromaticus -- e. Whyttii, Tinc. into
    int
    y ; before a, into 2, and before p generally
    tura cinchonæ amara . o p.
    ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTO- EMACIA "TION, Emacia'tio, from emacia're,
    RIS CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchonæ ætherea to grow lean .' Extenua'tio, Macies, Macritu'do,
    composita. Macror, Marco'res, Skeleti'a, Leptysm'us, Pin
    ELIXIS, Eclectos. gued'inis diminutio. ( F.) Amaigrissement, Mai
    ELIXIVIATION , Lixiviation . greur. That condition of the body, or of a part
    ELK , Cervus alces. of the body, in which it grows lean. The state
    ELLEBORASTER , Helleborus fætidus. of one who is lean. Leanness ; Isch'notes.
    ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus. ÉMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth .
    ELLEBORUM ALBUM , Veratrum album . EMANA'TION, Emanutio , Efflu'rium , from
    emana're, ' to issue or flow from . The term is
    ELLYCHNIO'TOS, from sinqrior, “ the applied to bodies , which proceed or draw their
    wick of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used by the origin from other bodies; such as the light
    ancient surgeons, so called, because it was which emanates from the sun ; the miasmata,
    shaped like a wick, or because it was made of a which arise from the putrid decomposition of
    similar material. animal or vegetable substances, & c . See
    ELM , COMMON , Ulmus -- e. Red , Ulmus Miasm .
    EMANSIO MENSIUM 257 EMETIC

    EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM. This term has | kle.' A fluid application to be rubbed on any
    been applied to amenorrhea (q. v.) or obstruc- part of the body. It is often used synonymously
    tion of the menses before they have been es- with liniment. Originally , it was employed in
    tablished. Some have used it for the reten . the sense of Fomentation .
    tion which occurs even after they have been EMBROCHE, Embrocation .
    established . The former is the general ac- EMBRYEMA, Embrocation .!
    ceptation . EM'BRYO , Embryon , from év, ' in ,' and
    EMARGINATIO , Échancrure, Notch. Bouw, ' I grow . Cye'ma. The fecundated
    EMARGINATURA, Échancrure, Notch. germ , at the early stages of its development in
    EMASCULATION ; Emascula'tio , from utero . At a certain period of its increase, the
    emascula're, " to render impotent. ' The act of name fatus is given to it, but at what period is
    removing or destroying the generative organs not determined. Generally, the embryo state
    of a male animal . is considered to extend to the period of quick .
    EMASCULATUS , Castratus , Eunuch . ening .
    EMBALM'ING , Balsama'tio, Smyrnismos, EMBRYOCYTONY. Fætûs Trucida'tio, from
    Cedeia, Pollinctu'ra, Conditu'ra Cadav'erum , en Bovor,'the embryo,' and xtoros, destruction.'
    from Balsamum , Balsam ( F. ) Embaument , Im- The act of destroying a fætus in utero , when in
    balsamation . An operation , which consists in surmountable obstacles -- as certain deformities
    impregnating the dead body with substances of the pelvis - oppose delivery.
    capable of preventing it from becoming putrid , E MBRYOG'RAPHY, Embryogr a'phia,
    and thus putting it in a condition to be pre- from eu povor, the embryo,' and ypaun, a de
    served . scription . The part of anatomy, which de
    EMBAM'MA, from Eußanto ,' I immerse in.'scribes the embryo.
    A medicated pickle or sauce . - Gorræus. EMBRYOTHLAS’TA, Embryothlas'tes, Em.
    EMBARRAS, Emphraxis. bryothlas'tum , from emppvor, ' the embryo ,' and
    EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE, ( F. ) Guslric dis- Sun , 1 break . ' An instrument for dividing
    order or impediment. Collu'vies gas'trica. Ir the fætus piecemeal, in order toeffect delivery.
    ritation of the stomach , in which there is loss EMBRYOTHLA S'TES Em'bryotome
    , , same
    1
    of appetite , bitterness and clamminess of mouth , etymon . A crotchet or other instrument used ,
    white and yellow tongue, feeling of oppression in certain cases of laborious parturition, to break
    in the epigastrium , and sometimes pain in that the bones of the fætus, for the purpose of ex
    region,with nausea and bilious or bitter vomit- tracting thein with greater facility. — Hippocr.,
    ing ; this state being accompanied with head- Galen .
    ache, lassitude, and pain in the back and limbs . EMBRYOTOME , Embryothlastes .
    EMBARRAS GASTRO- INTESTINAL. Gastro- in- EMBRYOTYOMY, Embryoto'mia , from aro
    tes'tinal disorder. Slight gastro -enteritis; ac . Bovor, ' an embryo,' and TEMVELV, ' to cut. A
    cording to the Broussaist, in which the symp- division of the fætus into fragments, to extract
    toms of the embarras gastrique and E. intestinal it by piecemeal, when the narrowness of the
    are united . pelvis or other faulty conformation opposes de.
    EMBARRAS INTEstinal , Intes'tinal disorder. livery .
    The principal characters assigned to this are : EMBRYUL’CIA, Embryusterulcia, from eu
    tension of the abdomen , colic, borborygmi, Bovov, " embryo, fætus ,' and exw , ' I extract,'
    discharge of Alatus per anum, constipation or draw. ' A surgical operation, by which the
    diarrhea , &c . fætus is extracted by means of appropriate in
    EMBARRURE, Engisoma . struments , when a faulty conformation or other
    EMBAUMENT, Embalming. circumstances prevent delivery by the natural
    EMBOITEMENT. ( F.) Encasing, ' from efforts.
    6

    em , ‘ in ,' and boite, ' a box .' Enadelphia. EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcus ter, sixvotne , same
    This term has been applied to that theory of etymon . An iron hook or crotchet, described
    generation, which considers that the germs are by Fabricius ab Acquapendente , which was used
    encased in each other in the ovary of the fe- to extract the fætus in some cases of laborious
    male , in such sort that they are developed in labour.
    succession after impregnation . It is the theory EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia.
    of encasing of germs,or of monstrosity by in- EMENDANS , Corrigent.
    clusion . EMERAUDE , Smaragdus.
    EMBOITURE, Diarthrosis. EMESIA , Vomiturition .
    EM'BOLĒ, from Bakao , ' I put in place. ' EMESIS, Vomiting.
    Reduction of a luxated bone. Reposi'tio. EMETIA, Emetine .
    EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary . EMETIC , Emet'icum , Vomito'rium . Every
    EMBOLUM CEREBRI , Infundibulum of substance capable of producing vomiting. (F.)
    the brain . Émétique. [This term is also restricted by the
    EMBONPOINT. (F. ) In good point or plight. Frenchto tàrtarized antimony — the emetic, as it
    Bona corporis habitu'do. The state of the ani.were, par excellence.] Vomitif. The tartarized
    mal body when in full health . Excessive em- antimony, emetine, ipecacuanha, and sulphate of
    bonpoiniconstitutes corpulence and obesity ,and zinc are the chief emetics.
    may become a morbid condition . Emetics are valuable agents in disease . They
    EMBORISMA , Aneurism. may either act primarily on the stomach , or
    EMBROCATION GUESTONIAN . See secondarily on other parts of the system :-the
    Oleum Terebinthinæ rectificatum . sympathy between the stomach and other parts
    EMBROCA'TION, Embroca'tio, Embreg'ma, of the body being very extensive, and an im
    Em'broche, Implu'vium , from eußeóxw, “ I sprin ! portant object of study.
    33
    1
    EMETIC TARTAR 258 EMPHRAGMA

    The following are the chief emetics : hellebore, sadin , madder, polygala senega, and
    Antimonii et Potassæ Ipecacuanha, ergot , ( secale cornułum ) are reputed to be spe
    Tartras, Lobelia, cific emmenagogues .
    Cupri Acetas, Sanguinaria , The following list comprises the chief of
    Sulphas, Scilla , them :
    Emetina , Sinapis ,
    Gillenia , Zinci Suplias. Cuniła Pulegioïdes, Sabina,
    Hydrargyri Sulphas Flavus, Helleborus Niger, Secale Cornutum ,
    Mentha Pulegium , Senega ,
    EMETIC TARTAR , Antimonium tartariza- Rosmarinus , Tanacetum .
    Rubia ,
    tum - e . Weed , Lobelia inflata .
    EM'ETINE, Emeti'na, Emetia , from euew ,' I EMMENAGOLOGIA , from emperrayeye ,
    voniit . 'Vomitine. A vegetable alkali , dis . and λογος,, 6a discourse . ' A treatise of em
    covered by M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, and to menagogues.
    which ipecacuanha owes its emelic power. It EMMENIA , Menses .
    is obtained from different ipecacuanhas, but EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues .
    ehiefly from the psychotria emetica , cullicocca EMMENOLO'GIA , from epuria, ' menses; '
    ipecacuanha, and viola cmetica. It is in trans: and 20yos, ' a discourse.' A treatise on Merr
    parent scales, of a reddish brown colour, almost struation .
    inodorous, of a bitter, slightly acrid taste ; is
    EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE , Hydrar
    unchangeable in the air, soluble in water and thrus .
    alcohol, and insoluble in ether.
    EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia, Malthac'tica ,
    Three gains of impure emetine and one grain Relaran'tia, Epiceras'tica, Malactica, from emol
    of pure are equal to 18 of ipecacuanha. See lire, to soften.' Substances, which relax and
    Ipecacuanha.
    ÉMÉTIQUE , Antimonium tartarizatum , soften parts that are inflamed , or too tense.
    They are used both internally and externally ;
    Emetic.
    the former , however, consisting of mucilaginous
    EM'ETO -CATHARẤTIC, Emeto-cathar'ticus, substances,being generally reckoned as demul.
    from emetos , vomiting,' and xafaptıxos, 6 a
    purgative . ' A remedy, which at the saine time cents ; the latteror proper emollients consisting
    of oils,cataplasms, fomentations, & c. Olea
    excites vomiting andpurging. ginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by diminish
    vomiting,'
    EMETOL'OG and Loyos, a discourse.'
    Y , Emetolo" A treatise ing itscohesion. Fomentations, in casesofin
    gia , from
    on vomiting and on emetics. ternal inflammation , act probably through con
    EMÄINENCE , Eminen'tia , Protuberan'tia , tiguous sympathy.
    The following are the chief emollients :
    Ex'oche, Exanthema. A projection at the sur
    face of a healthy or diseased organ . Adeps, Linum ,
    EMINENCE PORTE ANTÉRIEURE, 1.0- Amygdalu. Oleum , Oliva Oleuna ,
    Sesamum ,
    Avenæe Farina ,
    bulus anonymusme. Porte postérieure, Lo Cera , Tritici Farina ,
    bulus Spigelii - e. Sus-pubienne, Mons veneris. Cetaceum , Ulmus .
    EMINENCES BIGÉMINEES, Quadrige
    mina corpora - e. Latérales, Corpora olivaria- ÉMONCTOIRE , Emunctory .
    e. Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia - e.Vermi- EMOTIO , Delirium , Luxation .
    formes du cervelet, Vermiformes processus. EMPASMA , Catapasma. 2

    EMINENTIA ANNULARIS , Pons varolii EMPATHE’MA , Ma'nia a pathematè,Manie


    e. Pyramidalis Tympani, Pyramid. sans délire, ungovernable passion, froni sp or ér,
    EMINENTIÆ CANDICANTES, Mamil . * in,' andnagos, suffering. — Good.
    lary tubercles - e. Lenticulares, Corpora striata EMPEIRIA , Experience.
    -ė. Magnæ cerebri, Thalami nervorum optico- EMPETRUM , Herniaria glabra.
    rumme. Olivares, Corpora olivaria -- e . Pyrami- EMPHLYSIS, from em or ev, in, ' and påvors ,
    dalia, Corpora pyramidalia-e. Quadrigeminæ, a vesicular tumour or eruption. Ich'orous 看
    Q. tubercula. Eran 'then . An eruption of vesicular pimples,
    ÉMISSAIRE, Emunctory. filled progressively with an acrid and colourless , 1
    !

    EMISSA’RIA SANTORINI. A name given or nearly colourless,fluid ; terminating in seurf


    to some smalt veins, which communicate with or laminated scabs. A genus in the order Ex
    the sinuses of the dura mater, by apertures in anthematica, class Hæmatica of Good.
    EMPH LYSIS A PHTHA , Aphth - e. Ery
    the cranium. Such are the parietal, posterior 量

    condyloid , mastoid veins , &c . sipelas, Erysipelas - e. Miliaria, Miliary fever


    EMIS'SION , Emissio, from emittere, ' to - e. Vaccina inserta , Vaccina- e . Varicella ,
    The act by which any
    send out, ' drive out .' Varicella . 。
    matter whatever is thrown from the body . EMPHRACTICA , Physconia.
    Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emission of EMPHRAC'TIĆUŠ , from Euggatto , ' I
    semen , & c . close ,' I obstruct.' Emplas'ticus, eunhaotixos, 2
    0
    EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmeniagoʻga , from Emplattom'enos. Any substance , which closes
    suunra , the menses,' and ayw , ' I drive , ' or the pores.
    ' expel.' Men'agogues. A name given to medi- EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon . Obturamen' 1
    cines, believed to have the power of favouring tum, Impedimen'tum . Any thing that obstructs.
    the discharge of the menses . It is doubtful Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob
    whether there is any substance , which possesses stacle to delivery on the part of the fætus, when
    this power directly. According to different con- the presentation is preternatural. |

    ditions of the system , the most opposite reme. EmphragʻMA LACHRYMALE , Fistula lachry
    dies may act as emmenagogues. The black malis - e. Salivare , Ranula .
    1
    EMPHRAXIS 259 EMPLASTRUM

    EMPHRAXIS, Obstruc'tio, Obtura'tio, Op. of Galen . Amongst its most eminent members.
    pila'tio. Same etymor . “ Obstruction .' An after Philinus and Serapion , were Apollonius,
    Embarras or repletion of canals or cavities by Glaucias , Bacchius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis ,
    any substance , which is either morbid from both disciples of Herophilus,-Heraclides of
    quantity or quality Tarentum , Cleophantus , master of Asclepiades,
    EMPHYMA, Tumour - e. Encystis , Encystis Menodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Lao
    -e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma- e. Encys. dicea. They occupied themselves, chiefly, with
    tis ganglion , Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis discovering the properties of drugs, and did im.
    meliceris, Meliceris - e. Encystis steatoma, portant service, in ihismanner, to medicine.
    Steatoma - e , Exostosis ossea, Exostosis --- e . At the present day , the word Empiric is only
    Exostosis periostea, Node - e. Sarcoma, Sar- taken in a bad sense ,being employed in nearly
    coma - e. Sarcoma adiposum , Adipose sarcoma the same signification , as charlatan , (q. v .) or
    -e . Sarcoma cellulosum , Cystic sarcoma -- e . quuck .
    Sarcoma mammarum , Mammary sarcoma - e . EMPIRICE , Empiricism .
    Sarcoma pancreaticum , Pancreatic sarcoma - e . EMPIR'ICISM ; same etymon . Empirica
    Sarcoma scirrhosum , Scirrhous sarcoma--e. Ars, Empiricē,ku telpixn. (F.) Empirisme.Medi
    Sarcoma tuberculosum , Tuberculate sarcoma- cine , founded on experience. It generally, at
    e . Sarcoma vasculosum , Sarcoma vascular . the present day, signifies quackery .
    EMPHYSEMA , Infla'tio, Empneumato'sis, EMPIRISME, Empiricism .
    Sarci'tes Ratuo'sus, Emphysema cellula're, En . EMPLASTICUS, Emphracticus.
    physe'nea pneumato'sis, Pkyson'cus, Tumor fla. EMPLASTRUM , from the Greek en n laTTO ,
    tulentus , from xuovoaw , ' I inflate. ' Pneumatd. "I spread upon .' ( F.) Emplâtre. A solid and
    sis, Infla'tion , Wind-dropsy . This term is com- tenacious compound, adhesive at the ordinary
    monly applied to any white , crepitant, shining, heat of the human body . Some of the plasters
    elastic, indolent tumour, caused by the intro- owe their consistence to wax and resin ; and
    duction of air into the cellular texture. In others to the chemical union , which takes place
    juries of the larynx, trachea, or lungs ; fractures
    between the semivitreous oxide of lead and oil.
    of the ribs or wounds penetrating the chest are
    Most of them become too consistent by age.
    the most frequent causes of this affection,which
    When such is the case, they may be re-melied
    is owing to the air escaping from the air-pas- by a gentle heat,and oil be added to them ,
    sages and insinuating itself into the cellular EMPLASTRUM ADHÆSIVUM , Emplastrum re
    texture surrounding the wound. There are sine -- e. Adhæsivum Woodstockii , see Spara
    some ca ses of emphysema, which are owing to drapum adhæsivum - e. Alexandri, Alexandrine
    internal causes ; and hence a division has been -e, de Althæâ, Unguentum de Althæâ.
    made in to the accidental and symptomatic, and EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI , Ammoni'acum
    the sporetaneous and idiopathic. Plaster, ( Ammoniac. pur. Z v , acidi acetici fb ss.
    Emph YSEMA ABDOMINIS , Tympanites. After dissolving the ammoniacum , the plaster
    EMPH YSEMA OF THE Lungs. E. Pulmo'num . is formed by evaporating the mixture in an iron
    A consi derable pressure or contusion of the vessel in a water bath , constantly stirring. Ph.
    chest, or any violent concussion of the lung, L.). It is used as a discutient plaster.
    may produce a laceration in that viscus, without EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM HYDRAR'GYRO,
    injury being done to the parietes of the thorax , Ammoniacum plaster with mercury ( Ammoniaci,
    and may give place to the infiltration of air into pur. Ibj, hydrarg. pur . 3 iij, olei sulph.3j. Rub
    the cellular texture. Laënnec has described the mercury with the oil until the globules dis
    another species of emphysema of the lungs, appear , then add the ammoniac , previously
    consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, melted, and mix . Ph . L.)
    some of which become as large as hempseed, Emplastrum ANDREE DE CRUCE , E. de pice
    ultimately break, and give rise to irregular et resinis glutinans-e . Anglicum , see Spara
    vesicles at the surface of the lung , some of drapum adhæsivum .
    which are as large as a hazel nut. Physical EMPLASTRUM AROMATICUM, Aromatic plaster .
    Signs. The thorax externally, generally or local. ( Thuris. 3 iij , ceræ fluve 3 ss, pulv. cort. Cin.
    ly, appears unnaturally convex and prominent. nam. 3 vj, ol.ess. piment., oli ess. Limon . äā
    The intercostal spaces are widened, but de. 3 ij. Melt the frankincense and wax together
    pressed. The inspiratory efforts are increased. and strain ; then add, as it cools, the cinnamon ,
    The sound on percussion is morbidly clear , but previously rubbed with the oils , and form a plas
    not tympanitic. On ausculation the inspiratory ier. Ph . Dubl.) Used as a stimulating plaster .
    murmur is feeble or suppressed. The expira- EmplastRUM Asafe’TIDÆ , Asafætida plas.
    tion , which is more frequently audible , is pro ter. E. antihystericum , (Empl. ozid. plumb.
    longed, laborious and wheezing. semivitr., gum.resin. Ferulæ assafæt. sing.partes
    INTERLOBULAR EMPHYSEMA . There are no duas, G. resin . bubonis galban ., Cere fluve kā 1
    certain physical signs which can distinguish part. Ph . Ed.) Used as an antispasmodic and
    this from the vesicular . anodyne plaster .
    EMPHYSEMA PectoRIS , Pneumothorax -e . EMPLASTRUM ATTRAHENS, E. cere .
    Tympanites, Tympanites - e. Uteri, Hystero. EMPLASTRUM CALEFA'ciens, Calefacient plas.
    physis, Phy sometra. ter, Warm plaster.. ( F.) Emplâtre échauffant.
    EMPIRIC, eu Telp!xos, Empi'ricus, from ( Emplastr. cantharid . p. i. Þicis burgund. p.
    EIITTEIQIA , experience . One who follows only vii. Melt together and form into a plaster. Ph.
    experience. A sect of physicians, who rejected Dubl.) It isrubefacient and stimulant.
    all theory and took for their guide experience EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS, E.lytte -e .Can .
    alone . It was opposed to the dogmatic sect. tharidis vesicatorii compositum ,E. lyttæ comp.
    The Empiric sect prevailed till near the time -e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp.
    EMPLASTRUM 260 EMPLASTRUM

    EMPLASTRUM GERÆ, E. simpler , Wat plaster, oil until the globules disappear, then add the
    E. attrahens. ( Ceræ flava , Sevi prap. aa ibinj, plaster. Ph. L.) It is stimulant, resolvent and
    resina flara ibj. Melt them together and strain . discutient. Applied as a discutient to venereal
    Ph . L.) It has been considered drawing . It is and other tumours.
    stimulating EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI COMPOSITUM , E.
    EMPLASTRUM Cicu'TÆ , E de cicutâ , E. conii de hydrargyro compositum , E. de Vigo cum
    macula'ti, Unguentum solidum de cicurâ . Hem- mercu'rio emenda'tum , Compound pluster of
    lock plaster. (F.) Emplâtrede Cigue. ( Resina mercury. ( Empl. simpl. p. 1250, cere flade , p.
    abiet. 960 p. Ceræ flad. 640 p . Picis alba, 448 64,resinæ ,p . 64. Melt, and before it congeals,
    p. Ol. cicuta peradecoct. præparat. 128 p. Fol. add pulo. g. ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium , p. 20 ,
    cicut. recent. 2000 p: Melt the resins, wax and oliban , p. 20,myrrh, p. 20, saffron , p. 12. ' Mix
    oil ; add the cicuta leaves, and boil; strain and carefully. Take of mercury, p. 360, pure tur
    add, after having dissolved it in vinegar of pentine, p. 64 , liquid and pure storaz, p. 192 .
    squills and cicuta juice, gum ammoniac , 500 p . Triturate in an iron mortar till the globules dis
    Ph . Par .) It is used as a discutient , especially appear. Now melt all together, and before
    to scirrhous tumours . congealing add essential oil of lavender, p . 8 .
    EMPLASTRUM CITRINUM , Unguentum de Pharm . P.) The sanie properties as the last.
    althæâ -- e. Commune, E. plumbi-_e. Commune EmpLASTRUM ICHTHYOCOLLA TELÆ INDUC
    cum resina , E. resine - e. Conii, E. cicutæ . TUM , see Sparadrapum adhæsivum-e. Irritans,
    EMPLASTRUM Cumi'ni , Cummin plaster. E. lytte - e. Lithargyri, E. plumbi-e. Lithar
    (Cumin . semin ., carui sem. , lauri bacc. sing. gyri compositum , E. galbani compositum - e .
    3. iij. picis aridæ iij , cera flavæ 3 iij. Melt the Lithargyri cum gummi, E. gummosum - e.
    pitch and waxPh.together,
    L.) lt isthen
    usedaddas the other, dis.
    in- Lithargyri
    Lithargyri cum
    cum hydrargyro, E.hydrargyri - e.
    gredients. a warm resina, E. resine - e . Lithar
    cutient plaster. gyricum cum resinâ pini, E. resinæ .
    EMPLASTRUM Diachylon, E. plumbi - e. Di. EMPLASTRUM LYTTÆ , E.canthur'idis, E. can
    vinum Nicolai, see Magnet - e. Emolliens , Un : tharidis vesicato'rii. Plaster of the Spanish or
    guentum de althæâ— . Ferri rubri, E. oxidi blistering fly, E. mel'oës vesicatori, E. vesica
    ferri rubri - e. Flavum , Unguentum de althæâ torium
    -e . ad Fonticulos , Ceratum Galeni.
    , E.ecantharid'ibus epispas'ticum solid'ius
    et tena'cius haerens , E. ir'rilans, E. rubefians.
    EMPLASTRUM GAL'BANI , Galbanum plaster , (Cantharides in poroder, tbj. Emp. cere ilbiss .
    ( Empl. litharg . Ibij, gum . galban . tb ss.ceré Adipis præp. Tbj. Melt the plaster and lard to
    flade Z iv. Melt the galbanum before adding gether , and as the mixture becomes thick on
    the plaster and wax , then melt all together. cooling, sprinkle in the flies, and mix. Pharm .
    Ph . D. ) A stimulant and discutient. L.) This is the common blistering plaster.
    EMPLASTRUM GALBANI COMPOS'Itum , E. Too much heat must not be used in its prepara
    lithargyri compositum , Diach'ylon magnum tion. It requires to remain on 10 or 12 hours
    cum gummi, Compound galbanum plaster.(Galb. before its full effect is induced , and acts suffi
    gum . resin.pur. 3 viij, emp. plumbi. 1b iij, tereb.ciently well, provided even a piece of thin
    vulg. 3x, abietis resin. contus. 3 iij. Melt the gauze or tissue paper be placed between it and
    galbanum and turpentine together, then mix in the skin , whilst absorption of the flies is thus
    the resin , and afterwards the plaster, previous- prevented.
    ly melted . Ph . L. ) It is stimulant and dis- EMPLASTRUM LYTTÆ , Blister.
    cutient . EMPLASTRUM LYTTE COMPOSITUM , E. can
    EmPLASTRUM Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum thar'idis tesicato'rii compositum, E. mel oës vesi
    adhæsivum -- e . cum Gummatibus, E. gum- catorii compositum , Compound plaster of can
    mosum .
    tharides or Spanish flies. ( Resin. liq. pini laricis,
    EMPLASTRUM Gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Em- p. 18, resina concret.pini abietis, meloës resicat.
    plastrum lithar'gyri cum gummi, E. cum gum . aa p. 12, ceræ flave, p. 4, subacet. cupri, p. ij,
    matibus, E. !gum'mis resino'sis, E. Oz'ydi semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigti āä p. j.
    Plumbi semivitreum gummo'sum , Yellow diach'- Melt the pitch and wax, then add the turpen
    ylon, Gum diachylon, Diachylon cum gummi. tine, and as these cool, sprinkle in the other
    ( Emp. oxid . plumbi semivitr. p. viii, g. resin. substances in the form of powder, so as to make
    anmoniac, g . resin . bubon . galbani, Ceræ flava,a plaster. Ph. E.) The same properties as the
    aa, p. i. Ph. E.) Properties and uses like the last, but more energetic and speedyin its action.
    last . EMPLASTRUM Meloes VESICATORII, E. lytts
    EMPLASTRUM E Gummis Resinosis , E. gum- -e . Meloes vesicatorii comp. , E. lyttæ comp.
    mosum . e . Mucilaginosum , Unguentum de althæa - e .
    EMPLASTRUM CUM Gummi Resi'nis , Emplâtre Nigrum, of Augsburg, see Magnet.
    de gomme résine, Diachylon gommé, Plaster of ĒMPLASTRUM NORIMBERGEN'SE, E. ex ox'ido
    gun resins. (Emplastr. simpl.p . 1600 , cera plumbi rubro camphoratum , Emplâtre de Nurem
    flava , p. 96 , picis albæ , p. 96, terebinth. p 96. berg, Nuremberg plaster . (Oxid. plumb. rubr. p.
    Melt by agentle heat, and add gum ammoniac, 300, 0h oliv.p . 600,aquæ , q.s. Boil until the oxide
    p . 32,bdellium 32,galban .32, and sugapenum , p. is dissolved, andalmost to dryness. Remove the
    32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of alcohol, vessel from the fire and add , yellow war, p. 500.
    evaporate to the consistence of honey , and mix Put the vessel again on the fire , and after the
    carefully all together. Ph. P. ) A discutient. wax is melted , add,before it congeals, camphor,
    EMPLASTRUM HYDRA RÖGYRI, Mercu'rial plas. p. 24, mix . Ph. P.) It is considered a desicca
    ter, Emplastr. lithargyri cum hydrargyro. ( Hy- tive , and has been employed in gangrene.
    drarg. purif: pond . Zij, ol. sulphurat. zj, em . EMPLASTRUM Oxidi Ferri RUBRI , E. Ferri
    plastr. plumbi´ibj. Rub the mercury with the rubri, E. Rob'orans,Plaster of red oxide of iron ,
    EMPLATRE 261 EMPYEMA

    Strengthening plaster. ( Empl. oxid. plumb. -e. de Cigue, Emplastrum cicutæ - e. Collant
    semivier. p. xxiv , resine pin. p, vi, cere favæ, de poir et de résines, Emplastrum de pice et
    olei olea Europ. sing. p. iij, oridiferri rubr. p. resinis glutinans - e. de Gomme resine, Emplas
    viij. Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, trum cum gummi resinis - e. de Nuremberg ,
    and add the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) Emplastrum Norimbergense .
    It is employed as a strengthening plaster. EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus .
    Emplastrum Opu , Opium plaster. (Opii EMPNEUMATOSIS , Emphysema, Inspira:
    duri contus. Zss, abiet. resin. cont. Zij, emplastr, tion .
    plumbi fbj. The plaster and resin being melted EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning:
    together , add the opium . Ph. L. ) It is em- EMPO'RIUM , Eurogrov, “ a market or de
    ployed as an anodyne, and to give support . pôt. ' The brain was so called , of old , because
    ÉMPLASTRUM PHENICEUM, Diapalma - e. ex there all the mental affairs are transacted.
    Oxido plumbi rubro compositum , E. Norimber. EMPORIUM SPIRITUUM , Sensorium .
    gense . EMPREINTE , Impression .
    EMPLASTRUM Picis COMPOSITUM , E. picis EMPRES'MA from euron 90), ' I burn inter
    burgun'dicæ, E. cephalicum , Cephalic plaster , nally , Phlegma'tie membrano'sæ et parenchy
    Compound pitch plaster . ( Picis arid. Ibij, abietis mato sæ , Phlegma'tici, Febres continua inflam
    resina tbij , resina flavæ, ceræ flava äā ziv , mato'riæ , Inflamma'tio inter'na , Cau 'ma, Inter'
    myrist. ol. 3j. To the pitch, resin, and wax, nal inflamma'tion, a genus in the class hæma
    melted together, add the other matters and mix . tica , order phlogotica of Good .
    Ph. L.) It is stimulant and rubefacient. Some- EMPRESMA BRONCHITIS, Cynanche trachealis
    times used in headache (applied to the temples. ) -e. Carditis, Carditis — é. Čephalitis, Phreni
    EMPLA STRUM EX Oxido PLUMBI SEMIVITREO, tis – e. Enteritis, Enteritis - e. Gastritis, Gas
    E. plumbi - e. Oxidi plumbi semivitreum , E. tritis - e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis-e . Hysteritis,
    plumbi - e. Oxidi plumbi semivitreum gummo- Metritis – e. Nephritis, Nephritis – e. Orchitis,
    sum , E. gummosum . Hernia humoralisme. Otitis, Otitis - e . Paristh.
    EMPLA STRUM DE PICE er Resi'nis Glo'ri- mitis, Cynanche - e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris
    NANS, E. Andrea de Cruce, Emplâtre d'André maligna, Cynanche maligna-e . Paristhmitis
    de la Croix, E. collant de poir et de résines. pharyngea, Cynanche parotidæa — e. Paristhmi
    Adhesive plaster of pitch and resins. ( Picis tis tonsillaris,Cynanche tonsillaris - e. Parotitis,
    albæ , p . 128, resin. elemi p. 32, terebinth . pur . Cynanche parotidæa -e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis
    p. 16 , ol. laur. p . 16. Melt with a gentle heat, -e . Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis – e.
    and pass through linen. Ph . P. ) Used in con- Peritonitis omentalis, Epiploitis - e. Pleuritis,
    tusions and fractures as a support. Pleuritis–e . Pleuritis diaphragmatica, Dia
    EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI, E. lithargyri, E. com- phragmitisme . Pneumonitis, Pneumonia-e.
    mu'ne, E. diachylum , E. ox'idi plumbi semivi'.
    treum Splenitis, Splenitis .
    . E. ex ox'ido plumbi semivi'treo , Diach'y. EM'PRION ,from ev and πριων , a saw ,' ser
    lon simpler, White Diach 'ylon Lead plaster, Di- rated .' Galen has given this name to the pulse ,
    ach'ylon plaster. (Plumbi ozid .semivitr. in pulo. when the sensation produced by the artery
    fbv . olei odio. congium , aqua tbij. Boil together under the fingers, is analogous to that which
    over a slow fire, stirring constantly until the would be caused by the unequal teeth of a saw .
    oil and oxide of lead cohere. Ph. L.) EMPROSTHOTONOS, Emprosthoton'ia,
    EMPLASTRUM POLYCHRESTUM , E. resine. Enta'sia tet'anus anti'cus, Tetanus anticus, from
    ENPLASTRUM RESI'NÆ , E. adhæsi'rum , E. FUN2009€!, ' forwards,' and trivw , ' I stretch ,'
    lithar'gyri cum resi'nâ, E. resino'sum , Resin I extend.' A variety of tetanus, in which the
    plaster, Adhesive or sticking plaster. Emplas- body is drawn forwards by the permanent con
    trum commu'ne cum resină ,E. Polychres'tum , traction of the muscler.
    EMPSYCHO'S IS, from uw yow , ' I ani
    E. lithargyricum cum resi'nâ pini. (Resin flad.
    foss, emp. plumb.Ibiij. Melt the plaster, with mate ,' ' I vivify.' A word formerly used for
    a gentle heat, add the resin, and mix. Ph. L.) the act of animating, or the union of the soul
    Employed in wounds and ulcers . with the body .
    EMPLASTRUM Resinosum , E. Resina -- e. Ro- EMPTOE, Hæmoptysis .
    borans, E. oxidi ferri rubri - e. Rubefians, E. EMPTOICA PASSIO , Hæmoptysis ,
    lyttæ . EMPTOSIS , Imbibition .
    EMPLASTRUM Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum , Soap EMPTYSIS, Hæmoptysis.
    plaster. ( Saponis duri concis. ibss , emplastr. EMPYE, Empyema.
    plumb. biij. Mix the soap with the melted EMPYE'MA , Empye'sis, Empyè, from sv ,
    plaster, and boil to a proper consistence . Ph.in ,' and avov,, ' pus.' Aposte'ma empyema.
    L.) lí is a mild discutient. Applied to tu- A collection of blood or pus and conventionally
    mours, corns, & c . of other fluid , in some cavity of the body , and
    Emplastrum SIMPLEX , E. ceræ -- e . Sperma particularly in that of the pleura. Empyema
    tis ceti, Ceratum cetacei. is one of the terminations of inflammation of
    EMPLASTRUM Tauris, Frank'incense plaster, the pleura, and is called, also , Pyotho'raz re
    ( Emp . lithargyri, tbij, thuris, ibss. oxid. ferri. rus, Pleurorrhaa purulen'ta, Diapye ma, Em
    rubr. Ziij. Ph. Dubl.) Use :-the same as the pye'sis pectoris, Pyo'sis pectoris, Hydrothorar
    plaster of red oxide of iron . purulen'tus, Dyspna'a pyothorad''ica, Pneumo
    EMPLASTRUM VESICATORIUM , Blister, E.lyttæ nia suppurato'ria, Absces'sus pec'toris, A. Tho
    e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum , E.by- ra'cis,A. Pulmo'num .
    drargyri compositum . The operation for empyema properly means
    EMPLĀTRE, Emplastrum - e. d'André de la the making of an opening into the thorax, for
    Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans the purpose of giving issue to the matter col.
    EMPYESIS 202 ENAMEL OF THE TEETH

    lected in the cavity of the pleura, although it fect. amygdal. 3j, aquæ distill. tbj. Ph . L.) It
    has been used for the operation required for is used as a diluent and demulcent.
    the evacuation of any fluid from the chest, or EMULSIO ACACIÆ ARAB'ICÆ , Emulsio Ara
    synonymously with Paracentesis thoracis. bica ; Gum Arabic Emulsion . (Nucleor. amygd.
    EMPYE'SIS . Same etymon. Suppuration. comm. 3j, aquæ Jbijss, mucilag. acac. Zij, sacch.
    An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradu- ziv . While beating the decorticated almonds
    ally filling with a purulent fluid , and termi. with the sugar and water, add the mucilage.
    nating in thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or Ph . E.) Used in the same cases as the last .
    scabs. Pus'tulous Exan'them . A genus in the Emulsio CAMPHORÆ , E. Camphora'ta , Mis.
    order Eranthematica , class Hæmatica of Good . tu'ra Camphoræ ; Camphor Emulsion. (Cam
    See Einpyema. phora Oj , amygd . com . decortic., sacch . pur., åå
    Empyesis
    Empyema - e .Oculi,
    Variola ,Hypopyon
    Variola. - e. Pectoris, ziv ,aquæ zvj. Ph. E.) A convenient form
    for giving camphor.
    EM'PYOCE'LE , from xv , ‘ in ,' zivov, ' pus,' Emulsio OLEI AMYGDALA'RUM ; Emulsion of
    and xnàn, ' tumour,'' hernia . A tumour, form- Oil of Almonds. (Ol. amygd. 3 ), gum acac.
    ed by an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. pulo. 3ij,syrup. 3j , aqua distill. Ziv. Mix .) A
    Different diseases have been described under good pectoral or cough mixture.
    this name , such as suppuration of the testicle , EmulsIO OLEI_Ric'int; Castor Oil Emul
    eippyema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation sion. ( Ol. ricini Zss, vitelli ovi q. s., aquæ dis
    of pus in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses tillat. Žj.-) An aperient draught.
    of different kinds formed in the cellular tex- EMULSIO OLEI TEREBIN'THINÆ ; Emulsion of
    ture of the scrotum , &c . Oil of Tur'pentine. ( 01. tereb. rect. Dij, sacch.
    EMPYOM'PHALUS, from ev, in ,' avor, alb. zss, vitell.ovi j, emuls. amygd . vel aque
    pus,' and onewados, the navel.' This word distillat. Zvj. Mix.) " In rheumatic and nephri
    has been used to designate a suppurating tu : tic affections. Dose , Ziss.
    mour at the umbilicus; or , at times, umbilical EMULSIO PURGANS CUm Jala'PÆ RESI'NA ;
    hernia , the sac of which is filled with blood . Purging Emulsion with Resin of Jalap. (Jalape
    EMPYOS , Purulent. resin. gr. xij, sacch , alb.gij. Triturate for some
    EMPYREUMA, from runvorvos, I kindle.' time, and add gradually half the yolk of an
    The burnt smell and acrid laste, which volatile egg : continue to triturate, adding by degrees
    products-gaseous and liquid - contract, when emuls. simpl. Zv, aq. flor. aurant. 3ij. Ph. P.)
    animal or vegetable substances are decomposed EMULSIO PURGANS CUM SCAMMO'NIO ; Purg
    with a strong heat. The cause of this smell ing Emulsion with Scam 'mony. It is prepared
    is seated in an oil, called empyreumat'ic, which like the preceding, substituting only scammony
    does not exist in the substance subjected to the for the jalap .
    operation , but is the result of its decomposition. EMULSION , ALMOND , Emulsio amygda
    If the empyreuma occurs when the organic læ - e. Camphor, Emulsio camphoræ - e. Castor
    substance is placed in a still with a liquid , it is oil , Emulsio olei ricini - e . Gum Arabic, Emul
    owing to the solid matter touching the bottom sio acaciæ Arabica - e. Huileuse, Looch ex ovo
    of the vessel to which the fire is applied. -e. of Oil of almonds , Emulsio olei amygda
    EM'PYROS, Febrid''itans , from no, ' fire or larum - e. of Oil of turpentine , Emulsio olei
    fever .' One who has fever. - Hippocr. terebinthine - e . Purging with resin of jalap,
    EMS , MINERAL WATERS OF. Cele- Emulsio purgans cum jalapæ resina - e. Purg.
    brated springs on the river Lahn, duchy of ing, with scammony , Emulsio purgans cum
    Nassau. They are thermal ( from 700 to 118 ° scammonio .
    Fahr .,) and carbonated salines; and are much EMULSIVE , Emulsi'vus, same etymon. An
    used in gastric and intestinal affections, & c. epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex
    EMULÄGENT, Emulgens, from emulgere, tracted by expression ; such as almonds, apri
    ' to milk out ,' ' to draw out.' A name given cots, peaches, hemp , rape , melons , gourds ;
    to the renal artery and vein , because the an- those of the nut kind and cucurbitaceous and
    cients imagined they milked, as it were , the cruciferous plants in general.
    urine through the kidneys. EMUNC TORY, Emuncto'rium , from emun '.
    EMULSIO GUAIACINA, Mistura guaiaci gere, to drain off,'' to cleanse . ' Emissa'rium ,
    -e . Leniens, Looch ex ovo - e. Oleosa , Looch (F.) Émonctoire, Émissaire. Any organ, whose
    ex uvo-e. Simplex, E. amygdala -- e. Antihys- office it is to give issue to matters, which ought
    terica , Mistura asafætidæ - e . Arabica, Emul . to be excreted. The ancients believed that
    sio acaciae Arabicæ . some organs were more particularly destined
    EMULSION, Emulsio ; same etymon. A to serve as emunctories to others. The nasal
    pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-white fossæ , for example, they believed to be the
    opaque appearance, which is composed of a emunctories of the brain.
    fixed oil, divided and held in suspension in EMUNDANTIA , Detergents.
    water by means of mucilage . ENADELPHIA , Emboilement.
    Emulsions have been divided into the true ENÆMON , Styptic .
    and oily , and into the false or not oily ; the lat- ENÆORE'MA, from ev, .in ,' and alwem ;
    ter being composed of resinous substances , bal. ' I lift up,' that which hangs or floats in. '
    sams , or camphor, rubbed up with dilute alco. The Neph'elē, Nubes, Sublimamen'tum , Suspen '.
    hol , mucilage, or yolk of egg . sum , Nebec'ula or cloud , wbich is suspended in
    Emulsio AMYO'DALÆ, Lac amygdalæ , Emul- the urine, as it cools .
    sio simpler, Amygdala'tum , Mistu'ra amygdala, ENAM'EL OF THE TEETH , Den'tium
    Emulsio sive LacAmygdala'rum . Almond Emul. Nitoi, Cortex, Cortex stria'ta, Substantia vitrea ,
    sion, Almond Milk , (F.) Lait d'amandes. ( Con - Crusta Don'tíum adamantina. The substance
    ENANTHEMA 263 ENCAYMOMA

    which covers the coronæ of the teeth, and in the head. A name given to several parts
    which has, also, been called the vitreous sub- which relate to the encephalon , as the en
    stance, Substance vitrée ou émaillée, (F.) Émail cephalic membranes,vessels, &c. This
    des Dents. The enamel is of a milky -white ENCEPHALITIS . Saine etymon .
    colour, and sufficiently hard to strike fire with term has been used, by someNosologists,syno
    steel. Its surface is very smooth and polished , nymously with Cephalitis and Phreni'tis, ( q. v.)
    and it forms a thicker layer towards the part By others, it has been appropriated to inflam
    where the teeth come in contact, and becomes mation of the brain, in contradistinction to that
    thinner towards the cervix . The fibres of the of the membranes .
    enamel are perpendicular to the surface of the ENCEPHALOCELĒ , from eyzeqalov, ' the
    teeth, on which they seem , as it were, planted. brain ,' and xnan,' a tumour.' Hernia Cer' ebri,
    This gives them a velvety appearance, when Fungus Cerebri, Hernia of the Brain. This may
    examined by the microscope. The enamel lias be a congenitalor accidental affection. In the
    no blood vessels,and is not renewed when re former case , it is dependent upon tardy ossifi
    moved. It is formed of phosphate of lime, and cation of the fontanelles or some faulty confor
    a very small portion of animal matter. mation . In the latter , it is owing to some con.
    ENANTHEMA, same etymon as the next. siderable loss of substance in the parietes of
    A name recently given to certain eruptions of the cranium , produced by fractures, wounds
    the mucous membrane, as exanthema is to cer- with a cutting instrument, caries, the applica
    tain eruptions of the skin. tion of the trephine, &c.
    ENANTHESIS, from ev, .in ,' and avfew , In slight congenital encephalocele , gentle
    I flourish .' Rash exan'them . Eruption of red , pressure may be exerted upon the protruded
    level or nearly levelpatches, variously figured: portion. When the disease is of considerable
    irregularly diffused : often confluent: and ter extent, it is fatal. In the accidental encepha
    minating in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in locele , sirnilar means must be used for con
    the order Eranthematica, class. Hæmatica, of fining the tumour,and preserving it from the
    2
    Cullen, and including scarlet fever, measles, action of external bodies.
    & c.
    ENCEPH'ALOID , Encephaloïdes, from sy
    ENANTHESIS Rosalia , Scarlatina — e . Urtica- xepanov, ' the head,' and sidos, resemblance .'
    ria, Urticaria . Laënnec has given the term Enceph'aloid or
    ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative . Cer'ebriform matter to one of the morbid sub
    ENARTHROSIS , Inarticula'tio, Ball and stances, commonly formed by scirrhous or can
    Socket-joirat, from ev, in ,' and ap 9000iş, ' an cerous tumours. It is either encysted, in irre
    articulation . A kind of diarthrodial articula- gular masses without cysts, or infiltered into
    tion , in which the head of a hone is received the texture of the diseased organ. This name
    into the cavity of another, and can be moved was given to it in consequence of its resem
    in all directions. The joint of the os femoris blance , when fully developed, to the medullary
    with the os innominatum , is one of this cha- substance of the brain . It is also called Fun
    racter . gus medulla'ris, F. cancro'sus medulla'ris, Sar
    ENAUSMA , Fomites. co'ma medulla're, spongoid inflammation , Fun
    ENCAN'THIS , from ev, ' in ,' and xavloş, gus cerebra'lis , Cancer cerebrifor'me, Cancer
    ' the angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by mollis, Tela accidenta'lis medulla'ris.
    an increase in size, or a degeneration of the ENCEPHALOMALACIA , Mollities cerebri.
    caruncula lachrymalis. ENCEPH'ALON , Encephalum , properly En
    The ENCANTHIS BENIG'Na, or simple excres- ceph'ilos, eyxaspanos; from ev, ' in ,' and xeqalm,
    cence of the caruncula , commonly yields to the head .' Thatwhich is situate in the head .
    astringent collyria. This name has generally been given to the
    The Encantas Malig'na has often a can. brain, cerebellum , and mesocephalon. At times ,
    cerous character, and requires extirpation be- it includes likewise the medulla spinalis, when
    fore it has attained any considerable size. it is also called the Cerebro-spinalaxis.
    ENCARPOS , Pregnant. ENCEPHALOPATHIE CR.APULEUSE ,
    ENCASING, Embôitement. Delirium tremens.
    ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy. ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology.
    ENCATHISM A,Semicupium . ENCEPHALOSISMUS , Concussion of the
    ENCAU'MA , from ev, in ,' and xato ) , " I brain .
    burn .' Epicau'ma, Epicau'sis, Encau'sis. А ENCEROSIS , Inceration .
    tumour produced by a burn . A Burn. Also , ENCHARAXIS, Scarification .
    an ulcerof the transparentcornea,occasioning ENCHEIRE'SIS , Encheiria, from ev, and
    the loss of the humours.-- Aëtius, Gorreus. %E10 , the hand . ' Galen uses this term as a part
    ENCAUSIS , Burn , Encauma, Moxibustion . of the title to one of his works , which treats of
    ENCAUSSE , MINERAL WATERS OF. dissection. It means the manual treatment of
    E. is a village in the department of the Haute- any subject.
    Garonne, which possesses several saline, acidu- ENCHIFRÈNEMENT, Coryza.
    lous springs . ENCHORIOS , Endemic . 1

    ENCAVURE , Argema. ENCHRISTON , Liniment.


    ENCEINTE , Pregnant. ENCHYLOSIS , Extraction .
    ENCENS, Juniperus lycia. ENCHYMA , Infusum , Plethora.
    ENCEPHALALGIA , Cephalalgia - e. Hy- ENCHYMO'MA , Enchymo'sis, from sv and
    dropica , Hydrocephalus internus. χυω, ' I pour.' By the ancients, this word was
    ENCEPHALIC , Encephal'icus,from ev, ' in ,' used to designate the sudden effusion of blood
    and regain ,thehead.'That which is situate into the cutaneousvesselswhich arises from
    ENCHYSIS 264 ENEMA
    joy, anger, or shame ; in the last instance con- ENDOCARDI'TIS , from Endocardium , the
    stituting blushing. It differs from ecchymosis lining membrane of the heart, and itis, infam
    in there being, in the latter, extravasation of mation. Inflammation of the lining membrane
    blood into the cellular texture, and its being of theheart.
    produced by an external cause ; a contusion , In this disease, the heart's action is visibly
    for example.- Hippocrates . increased, and very manifest to the touch ; the
    ENCHYSIS , Infusion . hand is strongly repelled, and, at moments, is
    ENCLAVÉE, Wedged . sensible of a trembling vibratory motion. Per
    ENCLAVEMENT . See Wedged . cussion gives a dull sound over a surface of
    ENCLUME, Incus. several inches, owing, according to Bouillaud,
    ENCLYDASTICOS, intus fluctuans, from to the inflammatory turgescence of the heart,
    syxàvdacouai, ' to float in. ' Applied to líquids, and the engorged state of its cavities.
    g. toserum , pus, &c., contained in any rally
    e.cavity. auscultation,
    On heard
    mask
    bruit de sufflet is gene
    , ing aone or both sounds of the
    ENCLYSMA , Clyster. heart ; the ear is sensible of a metallic ringing
    ENC’LIA , from sv, ' in,' and xolda, the with each systole of the ventricle. The pulsa
    belly .' The abdominal viscéra. The entrails, tions are rapid as well as strong, and, with
    ( q.v .). few exceptions, irregular, unequal and inter
    ENCELIALGIA INFLAMMATORIA ,En- mittent.
    cælitis. The pulse, the way , does not always in
    ENCOELI'TIS, Encælii'tis, Encælial'gia indicate the force or number of the heart's con
    flammato'ria, Inflamma'tio abdomina'lis, from tractions.
    syxordia, the abdominal contents, and itis, in- ENDOCAR'DIUM , from evdov, ' within ,'
    flammation. Inflammation of any of the ab- and xapdia , the heart.'. The membrane that
    lines the interior of the heart.
    dominal viscera .
    ENCOPE , Diacope, Incision . ENDOLYMPH , Vitrine auditive .
    ENCRANION , Cerebellum . ENDOSIS , Remission .
    ENCRANIS, Cerebellum . ENDOSMO'SE , Imbibition, (9. V.,) from
    ENCRE, Atramentum. evdov, ' within ,' and womos , impulse.' A term
    ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. used by Dutrochet, to express the action by
    ENCYMON , Pregnancy . which Huids pass through organic membranes .
    ENCYMOSIA , Fecundation , Pregnancy. This is done by the porosity of the tissue, in
    ENCYSTED, Cystide obductus. Enclosed the same manner as it is effected through inor.
    in a kyst or cyst ; from sv, ' in ,' and xuotis, ganic substances as through fissured glass.
    'bladder. ( F.) Enkystė. An epithet given to the rapidity with which it is accomplished,
    certain tumours, or solid or fluid collectionsen varies according to the natureof the penetrating
    closed in a particular envelope orcyst. They
    are movable , and often elastic to the touch .
    body, and thepenetrability of the tissue.
    ENDUIT, ( F.) from indu'ere, ' to put upon ,'
    ENCYSTIS. Tumor tunica'tus, T. cysticus, to put on. A coat ; a fur. This term is
    Emphy'ma encys'tis, same etymon. Lupia. An ness,
    encysted tumour.
    often applied to a layer of greater or less thick.
    which covers the surface of certain or .
    ENDEICTICOS, Indicant. gans, and particularly the tongue and interior
    ENDEIXIS, Indication . of the mouth . The enduit is designated va
    ENDEM'IC, Endem'ical, Regiona'lismorbus, riously, according to its appearance,-enduit
    Endem'icus, from ev, ' in,' and duos, ' the peo- bilieux, jaune, blanc, & c. - a bilious, yellow ,
    ple.' Encho'rios, Vernaculus mor'bus, Ende'- white coat or fur, & c. It is at times owing to
    mia. A disease is said to be endemic when it the evaporation of the watery portions of a se
    arises from some peculiarity in a situation or cretion ; at others, to a morbid condition of the
    locality. Thus, ague is endemic in marshy secretion ; generally, to both causes combined .
    countries ; gôitre at the base of lofty moun. ENDUIT CHOŘOIDIEN. See Choroid .
    tains, &c . Some authors use the term in the ENDURCISSEMENT. Induration - 6. du
    same sense as epidemic . Tissu cellulaire, Induration of the cellular
    We have no accurate knowledge ofthe ema- tissue .
    nations or other circumstances, which give oc-ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium .
    casion to endemic affections. We seem to ENECIA CAÚMA, Synocha.
    know that some emanation from marshy lands EN'EMA , from evinui, to inject.' An In
    does produce intermittent; but we are ignorantjection, Clyster, (q.v .,)" (F .) Clystère, Lavement.
    of the nature of such emanation. A well known form of conveying medicine into
    ENDER MIC , Ender'micus, from ev, ' in ,' the body , under certain morbid circumstances.
    and dequa, the skin . An epithet given to the See Clyster.
    method of treating diseases by placing the the- ENEMA ANOD'YNUM, Enema Opii ; An'odyne
    rapeutical agent in contactwith the skin, espe. Clyster, starch and Opium Clyster . (Gelat.
    cially after the cuticle has been removed. Mor. amyli tõss, tinct. opii gti 40 vel 6 ).) Exhibited
    phine, strychnine, &c. , are often administered in cases of severediarrhea or dysentery.
    in this way , ENEMA COMMU'NE ; Common Clyster, Do
    EN'DEŠIS , from ev, ' in ,' and dew, ' I bind. ' mes'tic Clyster. (Water gruel or molasses and
    A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates water Ibss or ibi : add a littleoil or lard, anda
    has so termed the ankle -joint, spoonful of common salt.) Given as a cathartic
    ENDIVE , Cichorium endivia - e . Wild, Ci- enema; and, without the common salt, as an
    chorium intybus. emollient.
    ENDIVIA , Cichorium endivia . ENEMA CATHAR'TICUM ; Purging Clyster.
    ENEPIDERMIC 205 ENT.AILLE

    (Manna 3j, decoct. chamam . comp . 3x, olei oliv . ' the throat . ' An obstruction occurring in the
    Zj, sulph.magnes. Zss. Ph. D ) vessels of a part, and giving rise to augmenta
    Enema Fet'idum, Fætid Clyster; Mistu'ra tion of volume. A congestion , (q. v.)
    asæfætidæ pro clys'mate, Clysma ton'icum et ENGOUEMENT, ( F ) Obstruc'tio , Iner'lia,
    antispasmod'icum seu in'citans et sedens, (F.) from angere, ' to choke.' Accumulation , in á
    avement antispasmodique. ( The last with the hollow organ , of the matters secreted by it or
    ddition of zij of the tincture of asafætida . Ph . carried to it. There is said to be Engouement
    3.) Given as an antispasmodic and anodyne. des bronches, when the mucus accumulates
    Enema NICOTI'NÆ ; Tobacco Clyster. This there ; and Engouement des intestins, when
    generally consists of from half a pint to a pint the matters, which ought to pass through them ,
    of the Infusum Tabaci. It is employed in cases are detained ; as in a case of strangulated her
    of strangulated hernia ; but occasionally acts nia . Engouement des poumons, E.of the lungs,
    as a fatal poison when given in this way. The in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that state of
    smoke of lobacco is sometimes thrown up the the lungs, in which a mixture of air and thin
    rectum to produce the same medicinal effects fluid escapes
    ENGOU from them when cut into.
    as the infusion . RDISS EMENT, Tor por .
    ENEMA Opui E. anodynum . ENGRENURE , Suture .
    ENEMA TEREBIN'THINÆ ; Tur'pentine Cluster. ENKYSTÉ, Encysted.
    ( Ol. tereb ziij , gruel ilss, one yolk of egg. In- ENKYSTEMENT, Chatonnement.
    corporate the turpentine with the yolk , then ENNEAPHARMACOS, from Errea , ' nine,'
    add the gruel ) To be adıninistered in cases of and qpaquazor ,' a medicine.' A medicine, com
    ascarides, (oryures.) posed of nine simple ingredients . A pessary ,
    ENEPÍDEŘM'IĆ , Enepider'micus, from er , so forined —Galen, Paulus. An Antidotus He?
    in ,' eni, upon, and deque, ' the skin . ' An rucli'dis,described by Galen , and some plasters
    epithet given to the method of treating dis- by Aëtius and Celsus are, likewise, termed
    eases, which consists in the application of me. Enneapharmaca .- Gorræus.
    dicines ; as plasters, blisters, &c . , to the skin . ENÓR'MON , propuwr, from sv, in ,' and
    ENEREISIS , Compression. Qu00 ),
    ' I rouse,' excite . A word used by
    ENERGIA , Action, Force. Hippocrates in the same sense as vital principle
    EN'ERGY, Energi'a, from , eregyew , ' I act.' is by modern physiologists.
    Action . Acting power. Also, vigor : as the ENOSIS, Insertion .
    muscular energy;' the brain acts with energy .. ENRHYTH'MOS , m εν and ρυθμος ,
    ENERVATION , Enervatio , from e , ' out of,' |' number. ' . Having rhythm . An epithet, ap
    and nervi,streng . The act of weakening—
    the state of beingthweakened . See Debility .
    plied to thedegree
    with some pulse of
    whenits
    order . pulsatio nsoccur
    It is opposed to
    ENFANCE, Infancy. Aryth 'mos. It differs from Eurhythmos, which
    ENFANT, Infans. signifies ' regular.'
    ENFLURE, Swelling-e. des Jambes et des ENROUEMENT, Raucedo.
    cuisses de la femme accouchée, Phlegmatia do- ENS. A being . Paracelsus meant, by this
    lens. term , the power exerted by certain beings on
    ENFONCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Sca. our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, the Ens
    phoides fossi. Astro'rum , the Ens naturale, the Ens virtu'tis,
    ENGASTERION , Laboratory . Ens morbo'rum , Ens de poten'tibus spirit'ibus,
    ENGASTRIMY'THOS, Englot'togastor, & c. These absurd denominations suggested to
    Gastriloquist, Eu'rycles, Eurycli'tus, from er, some of the ancient Chymists a name for certain
    .in ,' and yartner " the belly ,' and \ U98onar, ' chemical preparations The muriate ofammo
    discourse . A Ventriloquist. (F.) Ventriloque. nia and iron was called Ens marlis ; the muriate
    Individuals have been so denominated, who of ammonia and copper, Ens vencris ; and Ens
    have possessed the art of modifying their natu . primum was, with the Alchymists , the name of
    ral voice, so that it seemed to come from a a tincture, which they considered possessed of
    greater or less distance , and from different di- the power of transmuting metals.
    rections. It was forinerly believed that such Ens Martis, Ferrum anmoniatum - e. Vene
    persons spoke from their belly ; hence their ris Boylei , Ferrum ammoniatum .
    name . It is an imitative art, and is called VEN- ENSIFORM, Ensifor'mis, from ensis, ' a
    TRILOQUISM . sword ,' and forma, ' forin. ' Sword- like .
    ENGELURE , Chilblain. The ENSIFORM A POPH'yses or Proc''Esses ,
    ENGHIEN , or MONTMORENCY, MI . areThe
    the lesser alæ of the sphenoid bone.
    NERAL WATERS OF . A hydrosulphu- ENSIFORM APPEN'dix or CAR'TILAGE is
    rous water, four leagues from Paris , near the xiphoid appendix of the sternum , &c . See
    Montmorency, which is possessed of some ce Xiphoid .
    lebrity ENSIFORMIS , Xiphoid .
    ENGISOʻMA , Engizo'ma , from syriko , ' I ENSI-STERNAL. Relating to the ensiform pro
    approximate .
    ' ( F.) Embarrure. A species of cess of the sternum. Beclard gave this name
    fracture of the skull , in which a splinter passes to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He
    beneath the sound portion of the bone , and also called it l'os ultimi-sternal. See Ultimo
    compresses the brain.-Galen . Also , a kind of sternal
    instrument used in fractures of the clavicle . ENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation .
    ENGLISH DISEASE , Rachitis . ENSTALAXIS , Instilla'tio, Instillation,
    ENGLOTTOGASTOR , Engastrimythos . (q . v . ) The act of pouring by drops .
    ENGOMPHOSIS , Gomphosis . ENTABLEMENT, Depression .
    ENGORGEMENT, from en, ' in ,' and gorge, ENTAILLE ( F. ) , from en, ' in ,' and tailler,
    34
    ENTASIA 266 ENTERO -MESENTERIC

    " to cut.' Ercis'io, Ec'copē, Ectomd. A deep coat that of the skin. The former is usually,
    wound, made by a sharp instrument obliquely. therefore , of a more active character. Inflam
    Entailles and Taillades are , also, used to desig- mation of the mucous coat, Esoenteri'lis, En
    nate deep sacrifications, made for the purpose doenteri'tis, is generally attended with diarrhea,
    of producing a speedy dégorgement ofany lume. and its pathology is identical with that of Dy.
    fied part ; such , e. g ., as are made in the tongue sentery, which see. Inflammation of the peri
    in certain cases of glossitis . toneal coat is, on the other hand, generally at
    ENTASIA , Tonic spasm --e. Articularis, Con- tended with constipation .
    tractura - e. Loxia , Torticollis-e . Priapismus, Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such is
    Priapismus - e. Systremma , Cramp-e. Tetanus, the meaning of the word in the abstract,requires
    Tetanus - e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos the most active treatment. Copious bleeding
    -e . Trismus , Trismus. followed up by a large dose of opium , and if the
    ENTAT'ICOS, Intensi'dus, from ertELVO , ) symptoms are not decidedly ameliorated, re
    make tense . ' A medicine, which excites the peating the bleeding and opium , warm fomen.
    venereal appetite . tations, and blisters are the chief agents to be
    ENTELIPATHIA , Nymphomania . relied upon . Purgatives ought not to be ex
    ENTENDEMENT, Intellect . hibited until the inflammation and spasm are
    ENTERADENES , from evtzpov, ' an intes- abated by the use of the bleeding and opium.
    tine,' and adnv, “ a gland.' The mucous glands When the physician is called early, this plan
    of the intestines. See Peyeri Glandule . will usually succeed . Sometimes, Enteritis
    ENTERADENOGʻRAPHY, Enteradeno passes into a chronic state, requiring much
    adre, ' gland,' careful
    gra'phia, from si tepov, ' intestineA ,'description management.
    and yooon, ' a description .' of Broussais considers inflammation of the mu
    the intestinal glands. cous coat of the stomach and intestines as the
    ENTERADENOL'OGY, from ertepov , in proximate cause of the phenomena of fever.
    testine ,' adrr, ' gland,' and Royos, “ a treatise .' ENTERITIS Epiploitis , Epiploitis - e. Mesen
    That part of Anatomy, which treats of the in- terica, Mesenteritis.
    testinal glands. ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia intestina'lis, from
    ENTĒRAL'GIA , from ritepov, intestine,' ertepov, " an intestine, and xnan, ' a hernia,'
    and anyos , pain . Pain in the intestines. Colic tumour . ' Abdominal herniæ are so called,
    ( q. v .) which contain only a portion of the intestine.
    ENTERALGIA Acuta , Enteritis-e . Inflamma- ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE , from ertepor,' an
    toria , Enteritis . intestine ,' XVOTIS, ' a bladder,' and xnan, ' a tu.
    ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, from evtegor, mour.' Hernia formed by the bladder and a
    intestine ,' ayyo), ' I strangle , and suppacow, portion ofintestine.
    • I obstruct.' Obstruction of the intestines by ENTERO -EPIPLOCE'LE , from ertepov,ʻin .
    strangulation or otherwise .-- Ploucquet. testine ,' enthoov, ' the omentum ,' and xnan ,
    ENTERELE'SIA . Pain , caused by invagi- ' tumour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and
    nation or strangulation of the intestines . - Ali- omentum .
    bert. ENTERO -EPIPLOMÄPHALUS, from ev
    ENTEREMPHRAX'IS , Infrac'tus Intestin'- Tepov, ' intestine,' Emoor, ' the omentum ,'and
    orum ; from értepov, “ intestine,' and fuapağış, on palos, the umbilicus. ' Umbilical hernia,
    obstruction .' Accumulation of fæces in the containing intestine and omentuin . Almost all
    intestines. umbilical hernia are of this kind .
    ENTEREN'CHYTA , from evteqor,' an intes- ENTEROGʻRAPHY , Enterogra'phia , from
    tine ,' ev, in,'and rew , I pour.' Any surgicalEVTEQOV, ' intestine,' and .rpay ' , ' description. '
    instrument for administering injections.- Scul. testines
    tetus.
    The part. of anatomy , which describes the in
    ENTER'ICA, from evtepov, “ an intestine.' ENTERO -HYDROCE'LE, from evtepor, in
    Diseases affecting the alimentary canal . Or- testine ,' vdwp, ' water,' and xrán, 'tumour. In
    der I, Class I, (Celiaca ,) of Good . testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele.
    ENTÉRITE FOLLÍCULEUSE . See Ty . ENTERO -HYDROM'PHALUŠ, from evte
    phus. por, intestine ,' udug, water ,' and ou palos , ' the
    ENTERI'TIS , from sitepov, ' an intestine.' navel .' Umbilical hernia, in which the sac con
    Inflammation of the intestines . Empres'ma tains, along with a portion of intestine,a quan.
    Enteritis, Intestino'rum inflamma'tio, Chordap'- tity of serum .
    sus , Cauma Enteritis, Enterophlo " gia , Colica ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from evt &Qor,
    acuta , Enteral'gia acuta, E. inflammato'ria ,Fe- ' intestine ,' zlor, ' ischium ,' and xnar, ' tu
    bris intestino'rum , F. iliaca inflammato’ria, En. mour. Ischiatic hernia ,formed of intestine.
    teropyr'ia. The essential symptoms of this dis- ENTEROLITAUS , Calculi of the stomach
    ease are :-violent abdominal pain increased and intestines - e. Bezoardus, Bezoar--e . Scy
    on pressure ; with vomiting and inflammatory balum , Scybala .
    fever . ENTEROL'OGY , Enterologia, from evtepov,
    Enteritis may affect both the peritoneal and intestine ,' and ioyos, ' a discourse .' The part
    the mucous coat of the intestines ; and, in vio- of anatomy, which treats of the intestines.
    lent cases, all the coats may be implicated ENTERO- MEROCEʼLE , from Ertepor, ' in .
    The structure of the mucous and peritoneal testine,' urgos, the thigh ,' and xnan, ' tumour.'
    coats is different, so are their functions in health Crural hernia , formed of intestine.
    and disease. The inflamation of the serous ENTERO -MESENTER'IC , Febris entero
    coat, Sero - enteritis, resembles that of the cellu . mesenter'ica . Messrs . Petit and Serres have
    lar membrane : the inflammation of the mucous given this name to a species of adynamic fever
    ENTEROMPHALUS 267 ENVIE

    or typhus, in which the intestines are ulcerated , cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and
    with enlargement of the corresponding mesen- especially for those in the abdomen. Bowels,
    teric glands . Guts. (F.) Entrailles, Viscères,
    ENTEROM'PHALUS , from Ertenor , ' intes. ENTRICHO'MA, from ev , in , and tolyopia ,
    tine,' and onipalos, é umbilicus.' Umbilical her hair.' The tarsal cartilage and the edge of the
    nia, formed of intestine. eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted.
    ENTERON , Intestine . ENTROPION, Inrer' sio palpebra'rum , Ca
    ENTEROPATHY, Enteropathi'a ; from ev- pilli'tium , Trichiasis, Introsuscep'tio entropium,
    Tegor, intestine,'and rapos, disease .' Disease blepharelo'sis, Blepharopto'sis entropium , Trich
    of the intestines in general . ia , Tricho'sis, from er, ' in ,' and 10 € to , - I turn.'
    ENTEROPERIS'TOLĒ, from 61 Tipov, ' intes. A name given to the inversion or turning in.
    tine ,' and nepiotE120), ' I conceal,' ' Tenvelop. ' wards of the eyelids, so that the eyelashes are
    Constriction or obstruction of the intestines from directed towards the globe of the eye ; irritate
    a cause , which acts either within the abdomen and inflame it , and give rise to the affection
    called Trichiasis.
    or without it, as in strangulated hernia . The contact of the hair with the surface of
    ENTEROPHLOGIA , Enteritis.
    ENTEROPYRIA , Enteritis. the eye occasions considerable irritation of the
    ENTERORA'PHIA or ENTERORA'PHĒ, conjunctiva, which is soon followed by che
    mosis , ulceration of the eye and other symp
    from ertepor, ' intestine,' and para , a suture. toms, such as fever, watchfulness, & c .
    Suture of the intestines, for the relief of injuries If the disease be entropion , as above defined,
    done to them .
    that is , dependent upon the inversion of the
    ENTERORRHAGIA SIMPLEX , Hæmato- eyelids, it must be remedied,-either by dis
    chezia .
    ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from evtspur, in orpersing the ædema or swelling of the eyelids,
    by cutting out a portion of the skin . When
    testine ,' gaos , .flesh ,' and xnin, a tumour.' the disease is dependent upon a vicious direc:
    Intestinal hernia , complicated with fleshy ex- ltion of the cilia, they must be plucked out and
    crescence , or rather sarcocele. the bulbs cauterised .
    ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE , from Ertepov, ' an ENTY POSTS . See Glene .
    intestine,' on ysov , ' the scrotum ,' and xnan, ' lu . ENUCLEATION , Enuclen'tio, from enu
    mour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of intestine. clea're , “ to take out a kernel.' This term has
    ENTERO'SES , from értemov , " an intestine . '
    been proposed for the operation of removing
    A class of diseases, comprehending all those tumours, & c., without cutting into them.
    that are seated in the intestines.--- Alibert. Percy .
    EN’TEROTOME , Enterotomus, froin ete The word is used, in Pharmacy, for the ope .
    pov, “ intestine,' and Teuvo , ' I cut.' A name ration of shelling or removing the kernels of
    given by J. Cloquet to an instrument for the almond or of any nut.
    promptly opening the intestinal canal through ENULA CAMPĂNA, Inula Helenium .
    its whole extent . It consists of a pair of scis. ENU'LON , from ex , in ,' and ovàov, ' the
    sors, one blade of which is much longer than guin.' The inner part of the gums. The er.
    the other and rounded at its extremity. This ternal part was called ovàov , and that between
    is passed into the intestine. the teeth aquos . - Pollux.
    ENTEROTOʻMIA , same etymon . In ana- ENURE'SIS , from grovQ60), • I void the urine
    tomy, it signifies dissection of the intestines. in bed.' Paru'ria incontinens, Incontinen'tia
    In surgery, it means an operation , little used , uri'næ, Excre'tio Urine involunta'ria ,Mic'tio in
    which consists in opening the intestine, in volunta'ria , M. inopportuna, Urucra'sia, Uror
    order to evacuate the fæcal matters accumulated ha'a , Perirrha'a , Strangu'ria (Galen ), Hype.
    in it, e. g. in certain cases of hernia, accompa: rure'sis, Diam'nes, luvoluntary discharge of the
    nied with contraction of the intestinal canal; urine, Incontinence of urine. This affection is
    in operations for an artificial anus , performed most common in advanced life. It may depend
    on the new-born , where the rectum is imperfo- on too great irritability of the bladder, or on
    rate or not existing, & c . distention , or injury of the fibres about its neck ,
    ENTEROZOA , Worins.
    ENTHELMINTHES , Worins. paralysis of the organ, the presence of an ir
    regularly shaped calculus, impacted in the ure .
    ENTH'LASIS , Esphlasis , from fixus, I thra near its commencemeni ; rupture of the
    break . ' A fracture of the cranium with com- bladder and urethra ; renal disease ; or on
    minution , in which the bone is depressed or pressure exerted on the bladder by the dis.
    has lost its level. tended womb or by some tumour. lt often oc
    ENTHLASIS CRANII, Effractura cranii . curs after ditficult labour, but generally yields,
    ENTONIA , Tension , Tonic spasın . in the course of a week or ten days ; the catheter
    ENTONNOIR, Calix, Infundibulum - c. du being introduced twice a day in the mean time.
    Ventricule Moyen du Cerrcau, Infundibuluin of The treatment must of course vary according
    the Brain , to the cause ; and when the affection , on which
    ENTORSE , Sprain . it is dependent, cannot be removed , the dis
    ENTOZAIRES, Worins . charge of urine may be prevented by exerting
    ENTOZOA , Worms. a degree of compression on the urethra, by
    ENTOZOARIA , Worms. means of appropriate instruments ; or a urinal
    ENTRAILLES, Entrails. may be employed to receive the urine as it
    from TRAILS,
    EN enterd'h word na,
    a, aSplanch of bad coming passes
    Latin,Viscera,
    Encælia, off. Malacia, Nævus-(. de romir, Nau
    ENVIE,
    from evtepov, ' intestine.' It is used for the vis. sea.
    ENYPNION 268 EPICOLIC

    ENYPNION, Somnium . and nmeou , ' a day . ' That which continues
    ENYSTRON, Abomasus . day. This epithet is given to diseases, and par
    EP, EPH , EP1 , eft, & 4 , 8711 , ' upon , above ;'in ticularly to fevers, which last only a day. Febris
    composition, generally means, ' augmentation, dia'ria, Ephemerop'yra, Febris simpler, F.
    addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition .' Ephem'era . The term prolonged ephem'era is
    Hence : sometimes used for fevers, which cease after
    EPACMASTICOS, from en and axuaçu, ' I two or three days' duration .
    increase .' An epithet applied to fevers, Febres EPHEMERA ANGLICA PESTILENS, Sudor angli
    epačmas'ticæ, whose symptoms go on augment- cus - e. Maligna, Sudor anglicus - e. Sudatoria,
    ing in violence, from the commencement to Sudor anglicus.
    the termination . Such fevers are , also, called EPHEMEROPYRA , Ephemera.
    Epunadidontes. EPHEMERUS, Quotidian .
    EPAGOGIUM , Prepuce. EPHIALTES 'HYPOCHONDRIACA, In
    EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis . cubus vigilantium-e . Nocturnus, Incubus - e.
    EPANALEPSIS , Anadiplosis. Vigilantium , Incubus vigilantium.
    EPANASTASIS, Pustule. ĒPHIDROʻSIS, from Ene,' upon,' and id900),
    ÉPANCHEMENT, Effusion . " I sweat. ' A copious sweat. Ephidrosis profu'
    EPANETUS HECTICA, Hectic fever. sa , E. sponta'nea, E. idiopath'ica sudor, Hydro
    EPAPHÆ'RESIS , from enayangeor, ' I take pede'sis, Exsuda'tio, Eruda'tio, Hyperephidro
    away. Repeti'ta subla'tio, vel evacuatio. A re- sis, Suda'tio, ( F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive
    peated abstractionorevacuation. Itwasformerly sweating, inducing debility and emaciation. A
    used synonymously with repeated blood -letting; are
    colliquative sweat. Such copious perspirations
    generally owing to debility of the exhalants,
    Phleboto'mia itera'ta . - Galen .
    EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation. and require the use of tonics, especially of the
    EPARMA , Tumour. mineral acids, opium , & c .
    EPARSIS , Tumour. Ephidrosis, Desudatio - e.Cruentum , Sudor
    ÉPAULE, Humerus. cruentus .
    EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum . EPHIPPIUM , Pituitaria fossa, Sella turcica.
    ÉPERON, Hippocampus minor - e. des Ar- EPH'ODOS, from eni , upon ;' and odos , ' a
    tères, Spur. way ,' ' a road or avenue to a place.' Hippo
    ÉPERVIER , Accipiter. crates uses this word in three senses : 1. For
    ÉPERVIÈRE DES MURAILLES, Hiera- the vessels or canals, which give passage to the
    eium murorum . excrements of the body. 2. For a periodical
    EPHEBÆ'ON , from bri, ' upon,' and ' nßr , attack or accession of fever ; and 3. For the
    pubes.' The parts of generation ; also, the re - approach of similar or dissimilar things which
    gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the may be useful or hurtful to the body . - Cas
    pubes. It was likewise a part of the ancient telli.
    gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso. ÉPI, Spica.
    phers, & c ., disputed. EPIA LOS , Hepialos, A name , given by the
    EPHEBEUM , Mons veneris. ancients to fever, when the hot slage wus min
    EPHEBOSYNE , Puberty. gled with irregular chills.
    EPHEBOTES , Puberty . EPIALTES, Incubus.
    EPHE'BIA , Ephebi'a P,ubertas. Same ety- EPIAN , Frambeesia.
    mon. The age of puberty, (q . v .) EPIBLÉMA , Catablema.
    EPHE'BUS. One who has attained the age EPIBOLE , Incubus.
    of puberty : EPICANTHIS , Canthus .
    EPHEDRANA , Nates . EPICAN'THUS, from ani , ' upon,' and xardos ,
    EPHEL'CIS, from ent, ' upon,' and innos, the angle of the eye.' A defect of formation ,
    " an ulcer .' The crust of an ulcer. a fold of skin passes from the root of
    in which
    ÉPHELIDE SCORBUTIQUE ,Chloasma . the nose over the inner canthos of the eye.
    EPHEL'IDES, from ent , ' upon , ' and hilos , EPICAR'PIUM , Pericar'pirm , from enl,
    the sun .' Epichro'sis, Muc'ula sola'ris, Ephe'- 'upon ,' and xapitos, ' the wrist. Applications
    lis lentic'ula , Lentic'ula, Lenti'go, Ephelis Len- made to the wrist or to the region of the pulse
    ligo, Ephelis à sole, Nigredo à sole, Spilo'sis were so called . These were plasters,ointments,
    ephelis, Estates, Effila , Freckles,Sunburn. (F.) febrifuge cataplasms, &e.
    Taches de roussure, Hale. This term includes, EPICAUMĀ , Encauma.
    not only the yellow lentigines, which appear on EPICAUSIS, Encauma.
    persons of fair skin , and the larger brown EPICERASTICA , Emollients .
    patches , which also arise from exposure to the EPICHOLOS, Bilious .
    direct rays of the son ; but also those large EPICHORION , Decidua.
    dusky patches which are very similar in ap- EPICHRISIS, Inunctio.
    pearance but occur on other parts of the sur. EPICHRO'SIS , Spil:J'sis , from eitt, and
    face, They
    that are constantly covered. See Chloas . x goua , colour.' Simple
    ma. do not extend farther than the skin. surface.- Good. Ephelides,discoloration
    (q .
    of the
    v .)
    Many cosmetics have been recommended for EPICHYSIS , Affusion .
    their removal. Simple spirituous lotions or weak EPICE'MASIS , from $71401 Coual, ' I
    mineral acids, applied a few times in the day , sleep.' Decubitus ad dormien'dum , et Dormi'tio.
    are as effectual as any other means. Theposition of sleeping, as well as sleeping
    EPHELIS LENTIGO, Ephelides-e . à Sole, itself.
    Ephelides. EPICOL'IC , from ori, upon ,' and xolor,
    EPHEM'ERA, Dia’ria, from eni , ' during,' , ' the colon. ' The epicolic regions,regio'nes epicol
    EPICONDYLE 269 EPIGASTRIC

    icæ, are those parts of the abdomen , which cor- membrane; devoid of nerves and vessels , which
    respond to the colon . covers all the surface of the body , except the
    ÉPICOLLESIS, Agglutination . parts that correspond to the nails. It appears
    EPICON'DYLE, Epicon'dylus; from ini, to consist of minute scales, placed one above
    upon,' and xovdvãos, a condyle .' A name the other. Chaussier considers it to be formed
    given , by Chaussier, to an eminence at the and reproduced by an excretory action of the
    outer part of the inferior extremity of the os true skin ; to act like a dry varnish, which pre
    humeri ; so called, because it is seated above vents the immediate contact of bodies with the
    the condyle. The epicondyle gives attachment nervous papillæ, and consequently to deaden
    to the outer lateral ligament of the elbow joint, tactile impressions, which, without its inter
    and to a very strong tendon to which several of vention, might be painful. The Epider'mic ,
    the muscles of the posterior part of the forearm Epider'meous, or Epidermoid (as Bichat called
    are attached. il) System is a portion of general anatomy and
    EPICONDYLO -CUBITALIS , see Anconeus comprises three parts. 1. External Epidermis .
    -e . Radial, Supinator radii brevis—e . Sus -méta- 2. Epidermis spread over the mucous mem
    carpien, See Radialis—e. Sus-phalangettien com- branes. 3. The Nails and Hair.
    mun, Extensor digitorum communis-e . Sus. Epiderus LingCÆ . See Tongue .
    phalangettien du petit doigt, Extensor proprius EPIDERRHIS , Epideris.
    minimi digiti. EPIDESIS, see Bandage - e. Hæmostasia ,
    EPICOPHOSIS, Cophosis. Ligature .
    EPICRA'NIUM , from ori , upon ,' and xna- EPIDES'MOS, from ani , " upon , ' and dew ,
    vrov, ' the cranium .' A name given to different , 1 bind. ' A Fascia, ( q. v . ) bandage, (q. v.) or
    parts seated on the cranium . The skin , aponeu- ligature , by which dressings are secured.
    rosis between the occipital and frontalmuscles, Hippocr.
    and the whole of the scalp have been so called . EPIDID'YMIS , from eni , upon , ’and 818VNOS ,
    Portal includes under this name the occipito- ' a testicle.' Epididymus, Paras'tata, Testic'
    frontalis muscle ,pyramidalis nasi, and superior ulus accesso'rius, Caput testis, Corpus varičo'
    and anterior auricular muscles. sum seu variciforme testis, Corps variqueux ou
    EPICRANIUS, Occipito -frontalis. variciforme, Supergemina'lis : "that which is
    EPICRASIS, Contempera'tio, from Enix placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver
    parruui, I temper.' A term used by the Hu- miform , grayish body lying along the superior
    morists for an amelioration of the humours. margin of the testicle . The Epididymis is a
    They called Cure by Epicrasis, per epici asin , canal, formed by the union of all the seminiſe
    a mode of treatment by imagined alternatives, rous vessels, folded several times upon them
    which they supposed to be possessed of the selves , after having traversed the Corpus High
    power of gradually correcting the vitiated hu- morianum . Its lower portion or tuil, Cauda
    mours . vel globus minor, is curved upwards , and is
    EPICROUSIS , Percussion . continuous with the vas deferens ; the opposite
    EPICYEMA , Fætus, Superfætation. extremity is called the bead, globus major.
    EPICYESIS, Superfotation . The length of this canal , folded as it is upon
    EPICYSTOTOMIA . See Lithotomy . itself and describing numerous curvatures, is,
    EPIDEISIS , Deligation . according to Monro , 32 feet.
    EPIDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epidemia , Epide' EPIDIDYMI'TIS , BLENNORHAGIC , Her
    mios, Epide'mos, Panca'nos, Pande'mios, Mornia humoralis.
    επι , EPID'OSIS, from enti, ' upon ,' and Sidumi, 'to
    •bus
    uponpublicus, Morbusthepopula'ris,
    ,' and druos, people . Afromdisease,give.' Augmentation, increase.' A word applied
    which attacks, atthe same time, a number of to the natural increase of the body or to the in
    individuals, and which is depending upon some crease of a disease.
    particular constilutio aeris, or condition of the EPIDROME , fron studeno), ' I run upon. '
    atmosphere, with which we are utterly igno- AnEPIGA or congesti
    afflux STRAL GIA on of humours. - ror
    Galen .
    rant. It differs from endemic , the latter being , from anyaor , ' the
    owing to locality ; but it is obvious, thatshould epigastrium ,' and użyos, pain .'' Pain at the
    a particular epidemic constitution of the air epigastriumn .
    exist along with a favourable endemic condi- EPIGAS'TRIC , Epigas'tricus, from 9.TI,

    tion, these combined influences may act in the upon,' and yaone, ' the stomach .' This name
    causation of several of those serious and fatal has been given to several parts.
    complaints, which at times visit a district and The Epigastric Region , Regio epigas'trica ,
    are never afterwards met with , or at least not R. cardiaca , R. stomachica , R. stomachalis , is
    until after the lapse of a considerable period. the superior region of the abdomen, comprised
    EPIDENDRUM VANILLA . See Vanilla. between the false ribs on each side . and extend.
    EPIDERIS, Epider'rhis, Hypod'erisor Hypo- ing from the lower surface of the diaphragin to
    dermis, from exte, upon ,' and deg25, ' the skin .' two fingers' breadth above the umbilicus. It is
    This word, with some, means the nymphæ ; divided into three parts, one middle, the epigas'
    with others, theclitoris ; with others, again , the trium , —and two lateral, the hypochon'dria .
    Epigastric An'tery Arie'ria epigas'trica ,
    prepuce of the clitoris. .
    EPIDER’MIS, Epidermion, Cutic'ula, C. er'- A. sus.pubienne, (Ch.). It arises from the exter:
    tima, C. extre'ma, Cutis estima, C. summa, c. nal iliac, on a level with the crural arch ; some
    ultima, Pellis summa, Pellic'ula summa, P. su: times, by a trunk proper to it, at others by a
    perior, Lam'ina prima cutis, from oni , ' upon ,'| trunk common to it and the Obturator artery.
    and depua ,' the true skin. Scarf- skin , cuticle. It ascends upwards and inwards, behind the
    (F.) Surpeau, Cuticule. A trar arent,dry, thin ' spermatic cord , follows the outer edge of th
    EPIGASTRIUM 270 EPILEPSY

    rectus abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, to- EPILEPSIA ALGETICA , see Algos - e.
    wards the umbilicus, with the internal mam- Uterina, Lorindmatricis — e.Nocturna, Incubus.
    mary . The epigastric artery anastomoses , also , EPILEPSY, ιερη νουσος , σεληναια νουσος ,
    with the obturator, spermatic, lumbar, and in- Epilepsia , Epilepsis, Epilemp'sis, Epilen'tia,
    tercostal vessels. Syspa'sia Epilepsia, Catalen'tia, Morbus comi''.
    The epigastric vein follows nearly the same tialis, M. cadu'cus. M. Herculeus, Heracleus
    course . morbus, M. sacer , M. pueri'lis, Deprehensio ,
    EPIGAS'TRIUM . Same etymon. The belly, Clonos epilep'sia, Hieran'osos, Prehen 'sio, Mor .
    the epigastric region . bus magnus, M. major, M. interlu'nius M. divi'.
    EPIĞASTROCE'LE, from ori , ' upon ,' yao- nus, M. damo'nius, M. son'ticus, M.Seleni'acus,
    ing, the stomach ,' and zran , a tumour. Her- M. lunaticus, M.mensa'lis, M.deif'icus, M.sceles'
    nia, formed by the stomach , Gas'troce'lē. This lus, M.vitriola'tus, M. viridellus, M. Sancti Va
    name has been given more especially to her- lenti'ni , Analepsia, Cataptosis, The falling sick
    nias, which occur towards the upper part ofthe ness, (F.) Malcaduc, Mal divin, Mai Saint-Jean,
    linea alba or in the epigastric region , whether Mal de Terre, Haut-mal. The word is derived
    formed or not by the stomach . from sraußarw , I seize upon.' It is a dis
    EPIGENEMA , Epigenesis. ease of the brain , which may either be idio
    EPIGENESIS, from enn,“ upon ,' and ysveois, pathicorsymptomatic, spontaneous or accidental,
    ' generation .' A theory of conception accord and which occurs in paroxysms, with uncer
    ing to which the new being is created entirely tain intervals between . These paroxysms are
    anew ; and receives at once from each parent characterized by loss of sensation and convul
    the materials necessary for its formation . sive motions of the muscles. Frequently , the
    Epigenesis as well as Epigene'ma, is, also , fit attacks suddenly ; at other times, it is pre
    applied to anysymptom occurring during a ceded by indisposition, vertigo,and stupor. · At
    disease, without changing its nature. An ac- times , before the loss of consciousness occurs ,
    cessary symptom . Epiginom'enos, Superve'- a sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence
    niens, has a similar acceptation. called aura epilep'tica. This appears to rise
    EPIGINOMENOS, Epigenesis. in some part of the body and proceed to
    EPIGLOTYTIC , Epigloi'ticus, same etymon. wards the head ; and as soon as it has reach .
    Relating to the epiglottis. ed the brain the patient falls down. The
    EPIGLOTTIC GLAND , Periglottis, Caro glan. ordinary duration of a fit is from 5 to 20 mi
    dulosa. A collection of small, glandular gra- nutes. Sometimes it goes off in a few seconds ;
    rula, situate in the adipose , cellular texture at at others , it is protracted for hours. In all
    the base of the anterior surface of the epiglot- cases, there is loss of sensation ,sudden falling
    tis, in a triangular space , bounded anteriorly down, distortion of the eyes and face ; counte
    by thethyro-hyoid membrane and thyroid carti- nance of a red, purple or violet colour; grind
    lage. It pours out an unctuous and mucousing of the teeth ; foaming at the mouth ; con.
    fuid, which lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it vulsions of the limbs ; difficult respiration,
    supple and movable, and prevents the larynx generally stertorous; and sometimes involun.
    from being irritated by the constant passage of tary discharge of fæces and urine . After the
    the air, in the act of respiration. fit, the patient retains not the least recollection
    EPIGLOT'TIS, from em ,“upon,'and yawTtis, of what has passed , but remains, for some time,
    the glottis.' Epiglottic cartilage, Lig'ula. A affected with head-ache, stupor, and lassitude.
    fibro -cartilage, situate at the upper part of he The disease is in the brain, and is generally
    larynx, behind the base of the tongue. Its organic ; but it may be functional and sympto
    form is oval; texture elastic ; thickness greater matic of irritation in other parts, as in the sto
    below than above , and greater in the middle mach , bowels , &c . The prognosis, as to ulti
    than at the sides. By its smaller extremity , mate recovery , is unfavourable. It does not,
    which is the lower, it is attached to the thyroid however, frequently destroy life, but is apt to
    cartilage ; its two surfaces are covered by the lead to mental imbecility. 'Dissection has not
    mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. thrown light on its pathology.
    The special use of the epiglottis would seem to In the treatment, the cause must be sought
    be to cover the glottis accurately at the ino- after, and if possible removed . In the paroxysm ,
    ment of deglutition , and, thus, to assist in op. but little can be done; but as the tongue is lia
    jawsmay be
    ble to be injured by the teeth,orthepiece
    posing the passage of alimentary substances kept
    into the air iubes . open by putting a cork of wood
    EPIGLOTTI'TIS, Angi'na epiglottidea. In between them . If the fit has been brought on
    flammation of theepiglottis . food , the stomach must be clear
    by indigestible
    EPIGLOTYTUM. An instrument, men. ed. It is between the paroxysms that the great
    tioned by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It effort must be made. Generally, there is con
    resembled the epiglottis in shape . siderable irritability and debility about the brain ,
    EPIGLOU'TIS, from eiti, upon ,' and y2.0v- and hence tonics have been found the best
    70s, the buttocks.' The superior region of
    the nates. - Gorræus.
    remedies. Of these , perhaps the most power
    ful, in epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regu
    EPIGONATIS , Patella. larly and continued for months, if necessary.
    EPIGONION , Fælus. Preparations, of iron , copper, and zinc have,
    EPIGONON , Superfætation. also, been used , and the general class of vege
    EPIGOUNIS, Patella. table tonics and antispasmodics. Counter
    EPILATORIUM , Depilatory . irritants may be employed , if necessary, along
    EPILEMPSIS , Epilepsy. with this course, as blisters, moxa, & c .
    EPILENTIA , Epilepsy . Unfortunately, in many cases , these means
    EPILEPTIC 271 EPIPLOON

    are found insufficient, and all that can be done | ment must of course be directed to the removal
    is to palliate , removing carefully all exciting of the cause .
    causes ; such as the use of spirituous liquors, EPIPHORA, Ophthalmia - e. Ptyalismus,
    strong emotions, violent exercise , & c ., and Salivation .
    regulating the diet. EPIPHYMATA , Cutaneous diseases.
    EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticus ; same etymon . EPIPH’YSIS, Additamen'tum , ( q. v .) from
    One attacked with epilepsy: Any thing, re. 0.71, upon ,' and quo ; T arise. ' Any portion
    lating to epilepsy; as an epilep'tic individual, of a bone, separated from the body of the bune
    an epileptic symptom . Someauthors,also, speak by a cartilage, which becomes converted into
    ofepileptic remédies. bone by age. The epiphysis of the fætus be
    EPIM'ANES, a name given to a maniac comes the apophysis of the adult.
    when in a paroxysm . Epiphysis Crunis Longioris Incudis , Os or
    EPIMELE TĂI,a name by which the ancient biculare .
    Persians called the curers of wounds , who fol . EPIPLASM , from ei, ' upon ,' and niacow,
    lowed their armies ; from empedron ai, I take I spread.' A cataplasm . Galen uses it espe.
    care of.' cially for an application of wheaten flour,
    EPIMOR’IOS, ' unequal ,' from one and meipo, boiled in hydrelocum , and applied to wounds.
    ' 1 divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse EPIPLĖGIA , Hemiplegia .
    when unequal. - Galen. EPIPLERO'SIS , from it , augmentative ,'
    ÉPINARD, Spinacia - é. Sauvage, Chenopo- and Urquois ,' repletion .' Excessive repletion,
    dium bonus Henricus. distention .
    ÉPINE , Spine - é. du Dos, Vertebral column EPIPLOCEʼLE , from e uithoov, ' omentum ,'
    -é . Gutturale, Nasal spine, inferior and poste- and unan, ' tumour.' Epiploic hernia, Zirbd'lis
    rior-é. Sphénoidale, Sphenoidal spine — ė. Vi- hernia ,Omentalhernia , ( F.) Hernie de l'épiploon.
    nette, Oxycanthe Galeni. Omental hernia is recognised —but at times
    EPINÉPH'ELOS, Nubilosus. Presenting a with difficulty- by a soft, unequal , pasty tu
    cloud . Applied to the urine.- Hippocr . mour, in which no gurgling sound is heard , on
    ÉPINEUX, Spinous— ..du Dos, grand, Spi- pressing or reducing it. It is less dangerous
    nalis Dorsi major, see Interspinales Dorsi et ihan hernia of the intestines.
    lumborum - é . du Dos, petit , see Interspinales EPIPLO -ENTEROCE'LE , from enti2.oov,
    dorsi et lumborum . the oinentum ,' ertepor, ' intestine,' and xnin,
    ÉPINGLE , Pin . ' tumour.' Hernia, forined by the epiploon and
    EPINOTION , Scapula. a portion of the intestines. It is more com
    EPIONE , Decidua. monly called Entero-epiplocele.
    EPINYC'TIDES , from emri, ' upon , ' and vus, EPIP'LOIC, Epiploicus. Relating to the
    • the night.' Eruptions , which appear on the epiploon .
    skin in the night, and disappear in the day. Epiploic ARẤTERIES ; Arte'rie Epiploicæ,
    Pus'tula lirens et noc'tibus inquie'tans. - Pliny. The arterial branches, which are distributed to
    EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm , super. the epiploon , and which are given off by the
    added to an ordinary paroxysm . gastro -epiploicæ.
    EPIPASTON , Catapasma. EPIPLOIC APPEN'DAGES; Appendic'ulæ epi
    EPIPEPAYCOS, Conjunctiva. ploica , A. pinguedino'sa , Fimb'riæ carno'sa coli.
    EPIPE'CHU , aliangu, from $71,' upon ,' and Prolongations of the peritoneum beyond the
    Angus, the elbow . The upper part of the surface of the large intestine , which are analo
    elbow . - Gorræus. gous , in texture and arrangement, to the epi
    EPIPHANI'A , from ti , ' upon ,' and parro , ploon .
    • I exhibit. ' Thé external appearance of the EPIPLO - ISCHIOCE'LE , from Euroov,
    body. - Castelli. the epiploon ,' 107109 , “ the ischium ,' and vrani,
    EPIPHÆNOM'ENON , Post apparens ; same 6a tumour.' Hernia, formed by the epiploon
    etymon . Any kind of adventitious symptom , through the ischiatic notch.
    which occurs during the progress of an affec- EPIPLOI'TIS , from murhoor, ' the omen
    tion ; and which is not as intimately connected tum ,' and itis , denoting inflarnmation . Inflam
    with the existence of the disease as the symp-Imation of the omentum . Omenti'tis, Empres.
    toms - properly so called . ma peritoni'tis omenta'lis, Omenti inflammatio,
    EPIPH’LEBOS, from tı, 'upon ,' and qo's, Enteri'tis epiploi'tis, Omente'sis. A case of par
    " a vein . ' An epithet given to those whose tial peritonitis.
    veins are very apparent. - Hippocr., Aretæus . EPIPLOMEROCE'LE , from Euutioor, ' the
    EPIPHLOGISMA, from éri , • upon ,' and omentum ,' 4700s, ' the thigh ,' and xnar, ' a tu
    Qloyeu, ' I inflame.' Violent inflammation or mour. Femoral hernia , formed by the epiploon.
    burning heat in any part.- Hippocr. EPIPLOM'PHALON , Epiploom 'phalon ,Her.
    EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lachryma'tio , nia umbilica'lis , from stuhour,'" the omentum ,'
    Delachryma'tio , Illachryma'tio , Oculus lach'ry- and ouipados, the navel.' Umbilical hernia ,
    mans, from EntLEOW , I carry to .' Weeping, formed by the epiploon .
    ( F. ) Larmoiement. The watery eye ;-an invo- EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from ennaloov ,' the
    luntary and constant flow of tears upon the .epiploon ,' and empocoow , ' 1 obstruct .' Indu
    cheek . It is almost always symptomatic of ration of the epiploon .
    sone disease of the lachrymal passages , and EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from επιπλουν ,,
    occurs when the tears cannot pass into the the epiploon ,' and xouisw , ' I carry . ' One
    ductus ad nasum. Occasionally , it is owing to who has the omentum morbidly large. Also,
    the tears being secreted in too great quantity ; one labouring under epiplocele.
    as in certain cases of ophthalmia. The treat- EPIPLOON, from 8/1, above,' and new ,
    EPIPLOSARCOMPHALUS 272 EPISTAXIS

    I swim or float.' Omen'lum , Rete ; Retic'ulum ; EPISEION , Pubis os, Vulva, Labium Pu .
    The Caul ; Dertron . A prolongation of the dendi, Tressoria .
    peritoneum , which floats above a portion of the EPÍSEMASIA , from eronnairw , I afford
    intestines ; and is formed of two membranous some sign. Semasia. It has been used synony
    layers, with vessels and fatty bandsdistributed mously with sign, andalso with the invasion
    through it. Anatomists have described several of an attack of fever . See Annotatio.
    epiploons. EPISIOCELE . See Hernia vulvar.
    The GASTRO - HEPAT'ic Epiploon or LESSER EPISION , Episeion .
    Epiploon, or Omentum, Omentum hep’atogas- EPISIONC’US , froin er 10810v , epision (mo
    tricum or Omentum minus, Membra'na macilen'- dern) 'the labium pudendi,' and oyxos, ' a tu
    tior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum , which mour . ' Tumor labio'rum . A swelling or tu
    extends transversely from the right side of the mour of the labia pudendi.
    cardia to the corresponding extremity of the EPISIORAPHY , Episiorrhaph'ia, from ent
    fissure of the liver, and downwards from this orlov (modern ,) the labia pudendi,' ' the
    fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, vulva, 'and paen, suture.' An operation prac
    the pylorus and duodenum . Below it, is the tised in cases of prolapsus uteri , which consists
    foramen or hiatus of Winslow ; and between in paring the opposing surfaces of the labia pu
    its laminæ are lodged the biliary and hepatic dendi, bringing them together and uniting them
    vessels. It contains but little fat. If air be by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the
    blown in at the foramen of Winslow , the cavity vulva .
    of the omentum will be rendered perceptible. EPISPA'DIAS, fron eni, ' above,'and onam ,
    The Gastro-Colic or GREAT Epiploon or ' I divide.' The opposite to Hypospadias. Epis
    OMENTUM , Omentum gastro -colicum , Omentum padias consists in a preternatural opening of
    majus, consists of an extensive duplicature, the urethra , atthe upper part ofthe penis.
    which is free and floating on the folds of the EPISPASTICS, Epispas'tica, Held'tica ,from
    intestines. It is quadrilateral, and longer on Erionaw, ' 1 draw out. ' ' An epithet, for every
    the left side than on the right :-its base being medicinal substance, which, when applied to
    fixed, anteriorly, to the great curvature of the the skin , excites pain , heat, and more or less
    stomach ; and , posteriorly, to the arch of the redness , followed by separation of the epider
    colon. It is formed of two laminæ , each con- mis, which is raised up by effused serum. Can.
    sisting of two others. In this epiploon a num. tharides and mustard are epispastics. See Blis.
    ber of vesselsare distributed , and there is much ter and Derivative.
    fat. EPISPASTICUM , Blister.
    The Colic Epiploon or OMENTUM , O. colicum , EPISPHÆ'RIA ,from e11, upon ,' and opaipa,
    Third Epiploon or omentum, is a duplicature of 'a sphere.' Some physiologists have applied
    the peritoneum , situate along the ascending por- this expression to the differentconvolutions and
    tion of the colon, as far as its junction with the sinuosities , presented by the external surface
    transverse portion. It is behind the great epi- of the brain.
    ploon ; and fills up the angle , formed by the EPISPHÆRION, Convolution .
    junction of the ascending with the transverse EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature .
    colon. Its two laminæ are separated by colic EPIS'TASIS , Insiden'tia (q. v.) from 111,
    arteries and veins. upon ,' and otao, ' I rest.' A substance , which
    The GASTRO-SplenIC EPiploon or OMENTUM, swims at the surface of urine. It is opposed to
    0. Gastro-splenicum . A reflection of the peri- the hypostusis or sediment. Epistasis has also
    toneum , which passes between the concave sur been employed synonymously with suppression .
    face of the spleen and the stomach , from the EPISTAXTS, from eni, upon ,' and oraču ,
    cardiac orifice to near its great curvature, and 1 flow, drop by drop .' Hæmorrha'gia actira
    wbich lodges the vasa brevia and splenic ves- nd'rium , Epistar'is junio'rum, Epistax'is arte
    sels between its laminæ . rid'sa , Hæmorrhin'ia, Choanorrha" gia , Rhinor
    The uses of the omentum are but little known. Tha'gia , Hemorrhage from the pituitary mem.
    The chief one seems to be , to retain the viscera brane, Bleeding at the nose, (F.) Hémorrhagie
    in sitû , and to give passage to vessels . nasale, Saignement du nez Ìhis is one of the
    EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from eduthoor, most common varieties of hemorrhage ; the or
    the epiploon ,' qugs, 'flesh ,' and orgados, ' the ganization of the Schneiderian meinbrane being
    navel.
    ' ' Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated favourable to it, as the blood -vessels are but
    omentum . slightly supported. It does not generally flow
    EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, from entoon ,' the from both nostrils, and is very apt to recur.
    epiploon ,' onysov, “ the scrotuin ,' and x7A1 tu. Puberty is the period, at which itis most com
    mour. Scrotal hernia, formed by a displace- mon . Its exciting causes are :-any thing that
    ment of the epiploon . will excite local congestions, such as running,
    EPIPOROʻMA, from etu 1000w , ' I harden . coughing,blowing the nose, & c.,provided there
    a predisposition to it. A common case of
    A tophaceous concretion,which forms in the epistaxisrequires but little treatment,especially
    joints. The callus of fracture. if in a young person . Light diet and a dose or
    EPIR'RHOE, from Enı, “ upon ,' and 980), 1 two of the sulphate of magnesia will be suffi.
    flow .' Afllux or congestion of humours. - Hipcient. In more severe attacks, cold and astrin
    pocr. gent washes of alum , sulphate of zinc, weak
    EPISARCIDIUM , Anasarca.
    sulphuric acid, or creosote may be used, and
    EPIS'CHESIS . Retention ; from eniOXEC), the nostrils be plugged anteriorly, but if the
    I restrain .' A suppression of excretions. bleeding goes on posteriorly , the posterior nares
    EPISCHION , Abdomen , Pubes. must be plugged likewise : -- the patient being
    EPISTERNAL 273 EQUITATION

    kept with the head raised . To prevent the re- EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation .
    currence, strict diet must be inculcated. EPODE , Incantation.
    EPISTER'NAL, Episterna'lis ; from enti,'up- EPO'MIS, Su'perhumera'le, from enl , ' upon ,'
    on ,' and otegrov , 'the sternum .' An epithet and whos , the shoulder.' The upper part of
    applied to two bones , which form part of the shoulder.- Hippocr . , Galen.
    the sternum , and are situate upon its superior EPOMPHA'LION, from eiti, upon, ' and
    and lateral part. In the young subject, they ou galos, ' the navel .' A medicine, which ,when
    are attached to the sternum by a synoviai mem- placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly .-
    brane , and a fibrous capsula. They have some. Paulus of Ægina.
    what the appearance of the pisiform bones, but ÉPONGE, Spongia - e.d'Eglantier ,Bedegar.
    are of agreater size . ÉPOQUES, Menses .
    EPISTHOTONOS, from a lohev,'forwards,' ÉPREINTES, Tenesmus .
    and Teuw , ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles , EPSEMA , Decoction .
    drawing the body forwards. The word empros- EPSESIS , Decoction, Elixatio.
    thotonos is more commonly employed . EPSOM , MINERAL WATERS OF . Ep.
    EPISTROPHEUS, Axis. som is a town
    EPISYNANÄCHE , Episynangi'na . A Greek London. The inwater Surrey , about 15 miles froin
    is a simple saline;-con
    word , used by a modern writer for spasm of the sisting chiefly of sulphate of magnesia, which
    pharynx, by which deglutition is prevented , and has consequently received the name of Epsom
    the solid and liquid food driven back towards Salts, though no longer prepared from the Ep
    the mouth or nasal fossæ . som water .
    EPISYNTHETIC , Episyntheticus, from anti- ÉPUISEMENT, Exhaustion.
    OUTTOmpel , to collect, accumulate . The name EPU'LIS, from all, upon ,' and ovàov, ' the
    of a medical sect, whose object it was to recon- gum . ' Odon'tia excrés'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis,
    cile the principles of the Methodists with those Excrescen'tia gingi'de. An excrescence on the
    of the Empirics and Dogmatists. Leonides of gum , sometimes ending in cancer .
    Alexandria seems to have been one of the first EPULOSIS , Cicatrization .
    partisans of this sect ; of which we know little . EPULOTICA , Cicatrisantia .
    EPITASIS, from ani, and TeiverV, ' to ex- EQUAL, Æqua'lis. An epithet, applied par.
    tend .' The period of violence of a fever, attack ticularly to the pulse and to respiration. The
    or paroxysm . Sometimes it is used in the same pulse and respiration are equal, when the pul
    sense as epistasis ,for suppression .' sations and inspirations, which succeed each
    EPITHELIUM, Epithe'lis, from ani, upon ,' | other, are alike in every respect.
    EQUILIB'RIUM , from aquus, ' equal,' and
    and Oman, ' a nipple . ' The thin layer of epider-
    mis, which covers parts deprived of derma, libra're, to weigh.' In Medicine, this word
    properly so called , --as the nipple , mucous mem- is sometimes used to designate that state of
    branes, lips, & c . organs, fluids, and forces, which constitutes
    EP'ITHEM , Epith'ema,from antı, upon,' and health .
    Tilmul, ' I put.' This term is applied to every EQUINIA , from Equinus, belonging to a
    topical application, which cannot be classed horse .' The Glanders. ( F.) Morve. A dangerous
    either under ointinents or plasters. Three sorts contagious disorder, accompanied by a postular
    of epithemshave been usually distinguished ,- eruption, which arises from inoculation with
    the liquid, dry,and soft, which comprise fomen- certain diseased Auids generated in the horse.
    tations, bags filled with dry substances, and cata- Two forms are met with , --the E. mitis, con.
    plasms. tracted from horses affected with grease , and
    EPITH'ESIS, from ori, ' upon ,' and timue, E glandulosa , a dangerous and commonly fatal
    • I place. The rectification of crooked limbs disease communicated to man , either in the
    by means ofinstruments, acute or chronic form , from the glandered
    EPITROCH'LEA, from enti, upon, and horse.
    τροχαλια , a pulley . ' That which is situate The veterinary surgeons make two varieties
    above a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to of the disease in the horse - glanders and farcy
    the unequal, round protuberance, situate on the glanders, ( F.) Morde furcineuse :—the former
    inside of the inferior extremity of the humerus affecting the pituitary membrane and occa
    above its articular trochlea. It is the part usu. sioning a profuse discharge from the nostrils,
    ally called the inner condyle or lesser condyle with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which
    of the humerus. From it originate several soon suppurate and ulcerate, being attended by
    muscles of the forearm , to wbich it has given symptoms of malignant fever and by gangrene
    part of their names, according to the system of various parts :-ihe latter being the samedis.
    of Chaussier. ease ,but
    , appearing in the shape of'small turnours
    EPITROCHLO -CARPI-PALMAIRE , Pal. about the legs , lips, face, neck, &c. of the
    maris longus - e. Cubito-carpien, see Cubital horse ; sometimes very painful, suppurating
    muscles - e. Métacarpien, Palmaris magnus - e. and degenerating into foul ulcers. They are
    Phalanginien commun, Flexor sublimis perfora . often seen together.
    tus - e. Radial, Pronator radii teres. The mild cases require little treatment, but
    EPIZOO'TÍA , Epizooty, from eni, upon,' rest ; the more severe generally resist all re
    and (wov, ' an animal.'- A disease, which reigns medies.
    amongst animals. It corresponds, in the veteri . EQUISETUM ARVENSE , &c . , see Hip
    nary art, to Epidemy, in Medicine. puris vulgaris - e . Minus, Hippuris vulgaris .
    EP'OCHĘ. Doubt, suspension of judgment EQUITATION, Equita'tio, Hippei'a , Hip
    ---Suspensa sententia . Sometimes employed in Iback Hippeu. 'sis,
    pa'sia,exercise from equus, ' a horse.' Horse
    A kind of exercise, advisable in
    the same sense as epischesis or suppression .
    35
    EQUIVOCAL 274 ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUM .

    many diseases, although improper in others- EREUXIS, Eructation , Flatulence .


    in uterine affections, for instance. It has been ERGASMÅ , Myrrha .
    much recommended in phthisis pulmonalis. It ERGASTERION SPIRITUS , Pulmo.
    is less fatiguing than walking, and conse- ERGOT, ( F. ) (pronounced Ergo.) A spur.'
    quently more available in disease. But to pre- The Seca'lē cornu'tum , Clavis seculi'nus, Calcar,
    vent disease, where exercise is required , the Seca'lis mater , Seca'le luru'rians, Ustila 'go, Cla
    latter is preferable . vis silig'inis, Spurred or Horned Rye. The Spur;
    EQUIVOCAL, Æquid'ocus, from a'quus, Ergot, Hornsced . (F.) Seigle ergotée, Blé cornu.
    equal ,' and vol, voice .' Those symptoms The ergot is generally considered to be the re
    are occasionally so denominated, which belong sult of a disease in rye , occurring most fre
    to severaldiseases. Generation is said to be quently when a hot summer succeeds a rainy
    equivocal ,' when it is, or seems to be, sponta- spring. Decandolle, however , regards it as a
    neous . parasitic fungus, and calls it Sclerotium clutus ;
    EQUUS, Hippos, Nicta'tio. A perpetual mo whilst Leveille esteems it to be a fungus giving
    tion of nictation, which some individuals have a coating to the diseased grain : the medical
    naturally , and others from disease. virtues residing in the coating. This parasitic
    ÉRABLE , Acer saccharinum . fungus , he calls Sphacelia segetum. It is found
    ERADICATION, Eradica'tio , from e, from,' projecting from among the leaves of the spike
    and radix ,' a root. The act of rooting out, or or ear; and is a long, crooked excrescence, re
    completely removing a disease. sembling the spur of a cock ; pointed at its ex
    ERADÍCATIVE, Erad'icans; same etymon . tremities ; of a dark brown colour externally,
    Any thing possessed of the power of completely and white within .
    rooting out a disease. This substance has been long used in Ger
    ÉRÄILLEMENT DES PAUPIÈRES, Ec- many to act on the uterus, as its names Mut .
    tropion. terkorn and Gebär pulver (womb
    ÉREBINTHUS , Acer arietinum . grain , pulvis parturiens) testify. About 30
    EREC’TILE TISSU E , from erigere, ' to years ago, it was recommended in this country
    A tissue, whose by Dr. John Stearns, of Saratoga County, New
    erect , ' to become erect. '
    principal character is :—to be susceptible of York, for accelerating parturition; and since
    dilatation, i. e.of turgescence and increase of that period, numerous testimonials have been
    size. It is formed of a collection of arteries offered in its favour. Half a drachm of the
    and veins, intermixed with nervous filaments ; powder is gently boiled in half a pint of water,
    which form , by their numerous anastomoses, a and one third part given , every 20 minutes,
    spongy substance, whose areolæ communicate until proper pains begin. Dr. Hooker, of New
    with each other . This tissue exists in the cor- Haven , recommends the clear watery infusion ;
    pora cavernosa of the penis and clitoris , at the others advise the powder. It is obvious, that in
    lower and inner surface of the vagina, in the many cases the natural efforts would return in
    spongy part of the urethra, the lips, nipples, the period which would necessarily elapse in
    iris, &c. Sometimes it is developed acci- the administration of the ergot, so that several
    dentally, and constitutes a kind of organic of the cases at least, of reputed efficacy, may
    transformation . not have been dependent upon the assigned
    ERECTION, Erectio ; same etymon . The agent.
    state of a part, in which, from having been The ergot also possesses -— it is affirmed
    soft, it becomes stiff, hard , and swollenby the narcotic virtues, which have rendered it useful
    accumulation of blood in the areolæ of its tis. in hemorrhage.
    sue . The ergot is admitted into the secondary list
    ERECTOR CLITORIDIS , Ischio-caverno. ofthe Pharmacopæia of the United States.
    sus- e . Penis , Ischio - cavernosus . Bread , made of spurred rye, has been at
    EREMIA , Acinesia. tended with the effects described under Ergo
    ER'ETHISM , Erethis'mus, Erethis'ia, from tism .
    8069.Cu , I irritate .' Irritation. Augmentation ERGOT,Hippocampus minor.
    of the vital phenomena in any organ or tissue. ER'GOTISM , Ergol or Milde: Mortifica'tion .
    Orgasm . Under this name, Mr. Pearson has An affection , produced by the use
    described a state of the constitution, produced spurred rye . At times, the symptoms areoflimit
    the
    by mercury acting upon it as a poison. He ed to vertigo, spasms, convulsions. See Con
    calls it Mercurial Erethismus. li is charac- vulsio Cerealis. Most commonly , there is tor
    terized by great depression of strength ; anxiety por and numbness of the hands and feet, which
    about the præcordia ; irregular action of the waste away ; lose sensation and the power of
    heart ; frequent sighing ; tremors ; small , quick , motion , and separate from the body by dry gan .
    sometimes intermitting, pulse ; occasional vo- grene. This is called - Ergotismegangreneur,
    miting; pale ,contractedcountenance , and sense Necrosis ustilaginen , Gangrène des Solonois,
    of coldness: but the tongue is seldom ſurred, Convul'sio Solonien'sis, Gangre na ustilagin'ea .
    nor are the vital and natural functions much ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio
    disturbed . In this state any sudden exertion cerealis.
    may prove fatal. ERICA VULGARIS, Callu'na rulga'ris.
    ÉRETHISMA, Rubefacient. Common Heath. ( F.) Bruyère vulgaire. This
    ERETHISMUS , Srritation - e . Ebriosorum , has been regarded as diuretic and diaphoretic .
    Delirium tremense- e. Hydrophobia , Hydro- ERIG'ERON PHILADEL'PHICUM , Sca
    phobia - e. Oneirodynia, Incubus - e. Oneiro. bious, Sketisch, Philadelphia Flea-Beun .' (F.)
    dynia , Paroniria - e . Simplex , Fidgets. l'ergerette de Philadelphie. The plant has been
    EREUGM08 , Eructation . used in decoction or infusion for gouty and
    ERIGERUM 275 ERYSIPELAS

    gravelly complaints, and it is said to operate of inflammation and other mischiefs. See Aber
    powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific . ration .
    The ERIGERON CANADEN'SE , Can'ada Flea- ERUCA , Brassica eruca , Sinapis.
    bean, is considered to be allied in properties to ERUCTA'TION , Ructa'tio, Ereug'mos, Er'.
    the above . ygē, Eructa'tio, Ructus, Ereut'is, Ruft ( N. of
    ERIGERUM , Senecio . England ,) from eructa're, ' to belch . ' Belching.
    ÉRIGNE, Hook . ( F.) hot, Rapport. A sonorous emission , by
    ERINE, Hook . the mouth , of flatus proceeding from the sto
    ERIX , £ pis . This word signifies , in Galen, mach .
    the upper part of the liver. ERUGATORIA , Tetanothra.
    ERODENS , Caustic. ÉRUGINEUX, Æruginous .
    ERODIUM MOSCHATUM , Geranium mos- ERUP'TION , Erup'tio , from erumn'pere, ' to
    chatum . issue with violence , to break out . ' This word
    EROMANIA , Erotomania . has several meanings. 1. The sudden and co.
    EROS , Love . pious evacuation of any fluid from a canal or
    EROSIA , Corrosion . cavity ;-of serum , blood , pus, & c., for exam.
    ERO'SION , Ero'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis, ple. 2. The breaking out of an exanthem :
    from erodere, ' to eat away.' The action of and, 3. The exanthem itself, whether simply
    a corrosive substance , or the gradual destruc- in the form of a rash or of pustules, vesicles,
    tion of a part by a substance of that kind. It is &c . -See Cutaneous Diseases .
    often employed in the same sense as ulceration , ERUPTION, VJOLET , Ionthus.
    spontaneous erosion . ERUP'TIVE, Eruptious. That which is
    EROTIC , Eroticus, from epws, " love.' That accompanied by an eruption. Thus small.pox,
    which is produced by love ;—as Erotic melan. measles, scarlet fever, miliaria, &c. are eruptive
    choly, E. delirium , &c . fevers. The term eruptive disease is nearly sy.
    EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania . nonymous with cutaneous disease .
    EROTION , Melissa. ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA , Arum dra
    EROTOMA’NIA , Eroma'nia , from sous, cunculus.
    • love,' and Maria , .mania .' A species of men . ERVUM ERVIL'IA , Or'obus. (F. ) Lentille
    tal alienation, caused by love . Erotic melan. Ers , ou Orobe. In times of scarcity , ihe seeds
    choly is Love melancholy. Some authors write have been made into bread, but it is said not to
    it E10t'ico -ma'nia. Also, Nymphomania, (q. v.) be wholesome. The meal was once inuch used
    ERPES , Herpes. in poultices : it was formerly called Orobion,
    ERRABUNDUS , Planetas . οροβιον .
    ERRATIC , Erruticus, Atactos , Atypos ; Ervum Lens , Lens, Phacos, the Lentil. (F.)
    from errare, ' to err.' Wandering ,' irregulur. Lentille. The seeds are eaten in many places
    That which disappears and recurs at irregular like peas: they are flatulent and difficult of di.
    intervals . The name is given to intermittents, gestion .
    which observe no type . Most commonly , it is ERYGE , Eructation .
    applied to pains or to any diseased manifesta- ERYNGIUM AQUAT'ICUM , Water Eryn '.
    tion, which is not fixed ; but moves from one go , Button Snake Root. Nat. Order,Umbellifere .
    part to another, as in gout, rheumatism , & c . This root is nearly allied to the contrayerva of
    ERREUR DE LIEU , Error loci. the shops, and acts more especially as a sudo
    ER'RHINE, Errhi'num or Errhinum , Ster- rific. It is a secondary article in the Pharm.
    nutato'rium , Ster'nutatory , Ptar'micum , Apo- U.S.
    phlegmatisans per nares, from év , " into , ' and ERYNGIUM MARIT'IMUM . The Sea Holly or
    piv, ' the nose . ' A remedy, whose action is ex. Eryngo, Æthe’rea Herba. (F.) Panicaut Mari
    erted on the Schneiderian membrane; exciting time. The eryngo root has a slightly aromatic
    sneezing and increased discharge. Errhines odour,and sweetish and warm taste. It is con .
    have been chiefly used as local stimulants in sidered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its
    head affections. The chief are : Asari Folia , powers are so weak , that it is scarcely ever
    Euphorbiæ gummi resini, Hydrargyri sulphas used .
    flavus, Tabacum , and Veratrum album . The ERYNGIUM CAMPES'TRE, (F.) Panicaut,
    ERRHINUM , Sternutatory . Centum Cap'ita , Lyrin'gium , Aster inquina'lis,
    ER'RHYSIS, from xv,' in ,' and gew , ' Iflow .'
    With some, -a draining of blood. A trifling
    Capitulum Murtis, Acus Veneris, Chardon
    Roland, is sometimes used for the E. mariti
    hemorrhage. mum .
    ERROR LOCI, Apopland'sis. (F. ) Erreur de ERYNGO , SEA , Eryngium maritimum - e .
    Lieu . A term , frequently used by Boerhaave Water, Eryngium aquaticum.
    to express deviation of fluids, when they enterERYSIMUM , Erysimum officina'le, Cha
    vessels not destined for them . Boerhaave ad- mæplion , the Hedge-mustard.
    mitted several orders of capillary vessels ; the telle, Herbe aux chantres. This(F. ) Velar, Tor
    was, formerly,
    diameters of which went on decreasing. The much used for its expectorant and diuretic
    largest received red blood : those which came qualities. The seeds greatly resemble mustard .
    next received only white : others only lymph ; ERYSIMUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria.
    whilst the last of all were destined for yet more The Erysimum BARBA'REA , Barbarea, (F.)
    subtle fluids — for a kind of vapour. When the Herbe de Sainte Barbe , has been ranked amongst
    red globules entered vessels destined for the the antiscorbutic plants . See Alliaria.
    white , or the white those intended for the thin . ERYSIP'ELAS, from eqvw , ' I draw in ,' and
    ner fluids, there was,according to the theory of relas , ' near.' Febris erysipelato'sa , Febris ery
    Boerhaave, an error loci :-- The proximate cause sipela'cea , Emphlysis Erisip'elas, St. An'thony's
    ERYSIPELATOUS 276 ESQUILLE
    fire, Ignis sancti Antonii, Hieropyrus, Icteri'tia ( It is a secondary article in the Pharmacopeia
    rubra, Ignis sacer, Rose, Rubea icteri" tia, Vici- of the U.S.
    nitra'ha, Vicinitrac'tus, Brunus, (F.) Erysipèle, ERYTHROS, Erythema.
    Feu St. Antoine, Feu sacré, Mal Saint-Antoine. ES'APHĒ, from soapaw, ' I touch with the
    A disease, so called because it generally extends, fingers.' (F.) Le Toucher. The introduction
    gradually, to the neighbouring parts. Superfi- of a finger or fingers into the vagina, for the
    cial inflammation of the skin, with general purpose of examining the condition of the ute
    fever, tension and swelling of the part ; pain rus. It is employed to verify the existence or
    and heat more or less acrid and redness by non -existence of pregnancy and its different
    no means circumscribed ; disappearing when stages ; to detect certain affections or faults of
    pressed upon by the finger, but returning as conformation in the genital organs and pelvis ;
    soon as the pressure is removed. Frequently, and, during the process of accouchement, to
    small vesicles appear upon the inflamed part, examine into the progress of labour, & c .
    which dry up and fall off, under the form of ESCA , Aliment.
    branny_scales. Erysipelas is, generally , an ESCARA , Eschar.
    acute affection ; its medium duration being from ESCARGOT, Limax .
    10 to 14 days. ESCHALOTTE , Échalotte.
    Erysipelasyields, commonly, to general refri- ESCHAR, Es'chara, Es'cara, a slough, a
    gerant reinedies. Topical applications are rarely crust scab. The crust or disorganized por
    serviceable. At times, when the disease ap- tion , arising from the mortification of a part,
    proaches the phlegmonous character, copious and which is distinguishable from the living
    bleeding and other evacuants maybe required, parts byits colour,consistence , and other
    asinmany cases of erysipelasof
    this is not commonly necessary: the face ;but physical in the contiguous
    In particular it excitesproperties . Theinflammation, which
    parts, gives occa
    cases, indeed , the general action seems defi- sion to a secretion of pusbetween the living
    cient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics.and dead parts,
    which ultimately completely
    ERYSIPELAS PERIODICA Nervosa CHRONICA, separates the latter,
    Pellagra - e. Phlyctenoides, Herpes zoster - e . ESCHARA , Vulva.
    Zoster. Herpes zoster. ESCHAROTICS, Escharot'ica ,from sozaga,
    ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'sus, be: eschar.' Any substance ,which , when applied
    longing to erysipelas; as an erysipelatousaf. upon a living part,gives risetoan eschar, such
    fection . Erysipel'atous inflammation, Cuti'tis, as caustic potass : the concentrated mineral
    Dermati'tis, is the character of inflammation, acids, & c.
    which distinguishes erysipelas, Erythema ery. ESCHELLOHE , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    sipelato'sum . This water rises at the foot of a mountain near
    ÉRYSIPELE, Erysipelas — é. Pustuleux, Her- theconventofEtalin
    pes zoster.
    Bavaria . It is a sulfuro
    saline .
    ERYSOS, Erythema, ESCORZONERA , Scorzonera .
    ERYTHEMĂ,Erythraios, Erythos,Erythros, ESCREVISSE , Crab .
    aguêgalos, equéos, spuogos, red , rose- coloured ; '
    ESCULENT, Esculen'tus, from esca , food ,
    from epuggos, ' red .' Erythre'ma. This name ( F.) Comestible. Such plants or such parts of
    iswhen
    , sometimes, given to erysipelas,especially plants or animals asmaybe eaten for food .
    of a local character. it is , also, applied ESO , sow , within .' Aprefix which signifies
    to the morbid redness on the cheeks of the hec- an affection of an internal part ; as Esoënteritis,
    tic ; and on the skin covering bubo, phlegmon , inflammation of the inner membrane of the in
    & c. It forms the 6th genus of the 3d order, testines :-Esogastri'tis; inflammation of the
    Exanthemata , of Bateman's classification of cu- inner membrane of the stomach , & c .
    taneous diseases; and is defined, " a nearly con . ESO'CHĒ , sowX. A tumour within the
    tinuous redness of some portion of the skin ,
    attended with disorder of the constitution , but anus.
    ESPACES INTERCOSTAUX . See Costa .
    not contagious."
    ERYTHEMA AMBUSTIO , Burn - e. Anthrax, ESPÈCE, Powder, compound.
    Anthrax - e. a Frigore, Chilblain - e. Gangre ESPÈCE'S VULNÉRAİRES, Falltranck .
    nosum , Anthrax - e. Intertrigo, Chafing- & eES'PHLASIS,
    . A fracture offrom
    the gian, 1 break
    skull by , bruise,',
    comminution
    Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale - e. Pernio, the fragments being depressed. " See Depression ,
    Chilblain .
    ERYTHOS , Erythema. and Enthlasis.
    ERYTHRÆA CENTAURIUM , Chironia ESPRIT, Spirit - e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus
    centaurium - e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chiro- ammoniæ -- e. d'Anis, Spiritusanisi - e. de Cam
    pia chilensis . phre, Spiritus camphorse - e, de Cannelle, Spiri
    ERYTHREMA , Erythema. tus cinnamomi-e de Carci, Spiritus carui- e.
    ERYTHRODANUM , Rubia . de Genièvre composé ,Spiritus juniperi composi
    tus - e. de Lacunde, Spiritus layandulæ - e. de
    ERYTHROID VESICLE, Vesi'cula Ery. Lavande composé, Spiritus lavandule composi
    throidea. A vesicle of the fatus described by tus— e. de Menthe poivrée, Spiritus menthe pi
    Pockels and others. It is pyriform ,and much peritæ ~ e. de Muscade, Spiritus myristice - e. de
    longer than , although of the same breadth as, Pouliot, Spiritus pelegii — e. de Raifort composé,
    the umbilical vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and Spiritus armoraciæ compositus -ze. de Romarin,
    others doubtits being a physiological condition. Spiritus rosinarini - e. de Vin delaye, Spiritus
    ERYTHRO'NIUM AMERICA'NUM . Com- tenuior - .de Vin rectifié, Spiritus rectificatus.
    mon Erythronium . This plant is possessed of ESPRITS ANIMAỦX , Neryous fluid .
    emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever, used . ESQUILLE, Splinter.
    ESQUINANCIE 277 ETRON

    ESQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton- ESYCHIA , Acinesia.


    sillaris . ÉTAGE, Stage.
    ESQUINE, Smilax China . ÉTAIN, Tin — é. de Glace, Bismuth — ė . Gris,
    ESSENCE , Essentia. By some used synony. Bismuth.
    mously with volatile oil ; by others, with simple ÉTERNUMENT , Sneezing.
    tincture. The oil of peppermint is the oil , ob- ETESTICULAT Castration .
    tained by distillation ; the essence, the oil diluted ETHER , Æther-e . Acetic , see Æther-e.
    with spirit. Chloric , Æther chloricus- e . Hydrochloric , see
    ESSENCE OF COLTSF00T, see Tinctura Æther-e. Hydrocyanic, Æther hydrocyanicus
    benzoini composita - e. of Musk , Tinctura -e . Muriatic, see Ælher - e. Nitric, see Æther
    moschi . -e. Nitrous , see Æther - e. Phosphoric , see
    ESSENCES , Olea volatilia. Æther-e. Rectified Æther. sulphuricus - e.
    ESSENTIA , Tincture - e. Aloes, Tinctura Sulphuric Æther, Sulphuricus.
    aloes - e. Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. com- ETHEREAL, Æthereal.
    posita - e. Absinthii composita, Tinctura A. ÉTHÉRÉE , Æthereal.
    composita - e. Antimonii seu stibii , Vinum an- ETHEREOUS , Æthereal.
    timonii tartarizati - e. Antiseptica Huxhami, ETH'MOID . The ethmoid bone, Os eth
    Tinctura cinchonæ composita - e. Aromatica, moideum , Os multiforme, Os spongio'sum , Os
    Tinctura cinnamomi composita - e. Castorei, spongoi'des, Os cribro'sum, Os cribrifor'me, Os
    Tinctura castorei - e. Catholica purgans Rothii , foraminulentum, Os coliforme; from nguos, ' a
    Tinctura jalapii composita - e .de Cedro ,Oleum sieve ,' and audos, " form .' ( F.) Os Cribleux.
    cedrinum -- e. Chinæ, Tinctura cinchonæ com. One of the 8 bones, which compose the cra
    posita — e. Cinnamomi, Tinctura einnamomi - e. nium ; so called , because its upper plate is
    Neroli, see Citrus aurantium - e . Corticis Pe- pierced by a considerable number of holes.
    ruviani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura cin. The ethmoid bone is situate at the anterior, in.
    chione comp.-e. Corticis Peruviani composita , ferior, and middle part of the base of the cra
    Tinctura cinchonæ amara. nium. It seems to be composed of a multitude
    ESSENTIAL, Essentialis. The word es of thin , fragile, semi-transparent laminæ ,which
    sential has been applied to the immediate or form more or less spacious cells, called the
    active principles of vegetables, which were be- Ethmoi dal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into
    lieved to be endowed with the properties of the anterior and posterior. These communicate
    plants, from which they were extracted . Es with the nose, and are lined by a prolongation
    sential oil was so called because it was regarded of the pituitary membrane.
    as the only immediate principle which was es- The ethmoid bone is constituted of compact
    sential. This expression is retained. Essential tissue,and is surrounded by the Ethmoid suture.
    salts are true salts or extracts , which exist, It is articulated with the frontal and sphenoidal
    ready formed, in vegetables ; and which are ob- bones, the cornua sphenoidalia, the superior
    tained by distillation , incineration, or some other maxillary bones, the palate bones, the ossa turbi.
    process. nata inferiora, the vomer , the proper bones of
    An essential disease is synonymous with the nose, and thelachrymal bones.
    idiopathic disease ; that is, one not depending on ETHMOID'AL, Eihmoïda'lis, Belonging to
    any other ;-not symptomatic . the ethmoid bone ; as, Ethmoidal cells , E.suture,
    ES'SERA, ES'SERE, SORA , or SAIRE, & c . The Ethmoi'dal apoph'ysis or process is the
    Sare, Morbus porci'nus, Rosa saltans, Urtica’ria advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which ar
    porcellana , ( F.) Ampoules, Porcelaine. A speliculates with the ethmoid . The ethmoidal ar,
    cies of cutaneous eruption , consisting of small, teries are two in number, the anterior of which
    reddish tubercles over the whole body, accom- arises from the ophthalmic artery. The origin
    panied by a troublesome itching. It seems to of the other varies. The Échancrure ethmoidale
    be a variety of lichen or urticaria. See Lichen of the os frontis receives the ethmoid bone.
    tropicus. The Ethmoidal veins correspond to the arteries
    ESSIEU , Axis. of the same name .
    ESSOUFLEMENT, Anhelatio. ETHMOSYNE , Habit.
    ESTHEMA , Vestitus. ETHOS , Habit.
    ESTHESIS , Vestitus. ÉTHUSE MEUM , Æthusa meum.
    ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, Etedens. ETIOLATION , ( F.) Etiolement. That state
    That which devours ' or eats away. Certain of plants, which occurs in consequence of pri.
    ulcers and eruptions are so called. vation of light, when they become pale and
    ESTIVAL, Æsti'ous, happening in summer, watery. In pathology,it is sometimes used to
    belonging to summer. This epithet is given to denote the paleness produced in those persons,
    summer diseases, so called , because they reign who have been kepi long without light ; or a
    at that season and appear to depend on the in similar paleness, the result of chronic disease ,
    fluence exerted by it on the economy. In the ÉTIOLEMENT, Etiolation .
    United States, the term summer disease or ETIOLOGY, Ætiologia.
    complaint, means disorder of the bowels, as ÉTISIE, Hectisis.
    diarrhæa , cholera morbus, & c . ÉTOILÉ, Stella.
    ESTOMAC, Stomach . ÉTONNÉ, Stunned .
    ESULA MAJOR , Euphorbia palustrise. ÉTOUFFEMENT, Suffocation .
    Minor , Euphorbia cyparissias. ÉTOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo.
    ESURIÉS, Hunger. ÉTRANGLEMENT, Strangulation.
    ESURIGO, Hunger. ÉTRIER, Stapes.
    ESURITIO , Hunger. ETRON , Abdomen , Hypogastrium ,
    ETRONCUS 278 EUPHORBIA

    ETRON'CUS, from ntoor, “ the lower belly,'| E. Aral'icum , Hemp agrimony, Eupato'rium
    and oyxos , ' a tumour.' A tumour of the lower of Avicen'na, Herb of Saint Cunegonde, Tri
    belly. fo'lium cerdi'num , Orig'anum aquaticum , ( F. )
    ÉTUVE, Stove-é. Humide, Bath , vapour. Eupatoire d'Avicenne. Fumily, Synanthereæ ;
    ÉTUVER, to Foment. Set. Syst. Syngenesia æqualis. The juice of
    EU , ev, " good, proper,' when prefixed to this plant proves violently emetic and purga
    words. Hence : tive , if taken in sufficient quantity. It has
    EUÆ'MIA , from ev , well ,' and arua, been considered diuretic , cathartic , and emetic .
    blood .' Good condition of the blood. - Fer- EUPATORIUM , Mesues, Achillea ageratum .
    nelius . The EUPATORIUM PERFOLIA'TUM, Boneset,
    EUÆSTHE’TOS. One whose senses are in Thoroughwort, Thor'oughstem , Thor'oughwaz,
    full vigour, from ev,'well,' and aiodavonai, ' I feel.' Vegetable antimony, Crosswort, Agueweed, Fe
    EUANTHEMON , Anthemis nobilis . verwort, Indian sage, is a plant which grows in
    EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA. See Kino low , wet meadows throughout the United
    EUCHYM'IA , from ev, .well ,' and xymos , States. It is considered to be stimulating , to
    juice.' A good state of the humours . nic, emetic , purgative , diuretic, and sudorific.
    4
    EUCRA'SIA, from ev , ' well,' and xoaois, Dose , gr. xv of the powder, as a gentle pur
    temperament,' ( q . v .). A good temperament. gative.
    EƯDIAPNEUS'TIA , from Eudia NvEvoTOS, EUPATORIUM , PURPLE -STALKED , E.purpureum .
    one who breathes well.' Easy respiration, The EUPATORIUM PURPU'REUM , Mohawk tas
    EUELCES, from ev, ' well, and 'eixos, an sel, Purple-stalked Eupato'rium , Trumpet weed,
    ulcer,' eveàxes. One whose ulcers are readily is used in similar cases, as well as the
    healed . EUPA'TORIUM TEUCRIFOLIUM , Wild hore
    EU'EMES, Euem 'etos , from ev , ' well ,' and hound, or Germander -leaved horehound.
    Eulew , I vomit.' That which readily excites EUPEP'SIA , from ev, ' well , and tentw , ' I
    vomiting. One who vomites with facility. digest.' A good digestion. The antithesis to
    EUETHES, Benign . dyspepsia.
    EUEX'IA, from ev ,' well ,' and sis, consti- EUPHLOGIA , from ev, ' well,' and pasyo,
    tution .' A good constitution. • I burn . Mild inflammation. Variola , (q. v.)
    EUFRAIŠE, Euphrasia officinalis. EU'PHONY , Eupho'nia, from ev , ' well, and
    EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA , Gar- swin ,' voice . ' ' An agreeable or regular voice .
    rophyllus, Caryophyllus aromaticus. The In . EUPHORBE CYPRÈS, E. cyparissias - e.
    dian tree which affords the clove. Order, Myr. des Marais, E. palustris — c. comitire, E. ipe
    tacee . The Clove or Caryophyl’lus, C. aroma cacuanha.
    ticus, is the unexpanded bud, ( F.) Girofle, Gé- EUPHOR'BIA CAPITA'TA , Caa-cica , Ord.
    rofle, Gyrophle. Its odour is strong , aromatic, Euphorbiacere . A Brazilian plant, which is
    and peculiar ; taste, pungent and acrid. Like strongly astringent, and not poisonous. It is
    all substances, whose virtue depends upon es considered to be one of the best remedies for
    sential oil, it is stimulant and carminative. It the bites of serpents. It is, also, called Colu
    is generally used as a corrigent to other reme- brina Lusitanica.
    dies, and in cases where substances contain- The EUPHORBIA COROLLA'Ta, or Large flow
    ing the essential oils are demanded. The oil , ering spurge, Milkweed, Snakes'milk, Ipecacu
    ( F.) Huile de Gérofle, has the properties of the anha, Indian Physic, has similar properties to
    cloves . the last . The dose of the root is the same .
    EUGION , Hymen . EUPHORBIA CYPARIS'SJAS, Es'ula minor , Ti
    EUNUCH , Eunu'chus,from evin, ' the bed ,' thym 'alus Cyparis'sia. The Cypress spurge,
    and exw, I keep .' Castra'tus, Ercastra'tus, ( F. ) Euphorbe cyprès. This, like most of the
    Evira'lus, Emascula'tus, Spado, Exsectus, Er- spurges, is very acrimonious. Amongst the
    testicula'tus, Extom'íus, Sem'ivir, Semimascula'- rustics , it was formerly called , poor man's rhu
    tus. One, whose organs of generation have barb, and was, consequently, a laxative. It is
    been removed or so altered, that he is ren- not used .
    dered incapable of reproducing his species, EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFO'LIA . A native of
    or of exercising the act of venery. Eunuchs the United States. _It is astringent and tonic.
    were common with the ancient Romans. In Used in infusion - 3 ss to jbj of boiling water.
    Italy, this horrible mutilation still takes place Dose, a tablespoonful.
    to improve the voice : and , in the East, EUPHORBIA PECA CUANHA , Ipecacuanha
    Eunuchs have the surveillance of the se- spurge, (F.) Euphorbe vomitive. This
    n
    species
    middle
    of
    raglios. spurge is common in the souther and
    EUNUCHISMUS , Castration . parts of the United States . The root is a pow
    EUNUCHIUM MECONIS, Lettuce. erful emetic , in the dose of from five to fifteen
    EUNUCHUS , Castratus. grains; twenty grains act as a cathartic like
    EUODES , Beneolentia. wise. In large doses, it acts as a narcotico
    EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba. acrid .
    EUPATHI'A, Euphoria , from ev, ' well,' and EUPHORBIA LATH'YRIS . The systematic
    nafos, suffering, ' A disposition for being name of the plant which affords the lesser cata
    affected by pain easily . Also, a good state of pu'tia seeds . Catapu'tia minor, Caper spurge.
    health . Lath'yris, Gar'den 'spurge. Tithym'alus lati
    EUPATOIRE D’AVICENNE, Eupatorium folius. The seeds possess cathartic properties,
    cannabinum. and an expressed oil of the seeds has been given
    EUPATORIUM , Agrimony. as a cathartic in the dose of six to twelve drops.
    EUPATO'RIUM CANNAB’INUM, Eupatorium ,! EUPHORBIA OFFICINA'Run . The systematic
    EUPHORIA 279 ÉVULSION

    name of the plant which affords the Euphorbi. EUTHYENTERON , Rectum.


    um , Euphorbia gummi resi'na ,in greatest abun- EUTHYM'IA , An'imi tranquillitas, from ev ,
    dance. The euphorbium is an inodorous gum - well,' and 9vuos, mind.'' Tranquillity of
    resin, in yellow tears, which have the appear. mind. A good state of the mental faculties.
    ance of being worm -eaten. It enters into the EUTROPHIA , from ev ,' well , ' and tpogn,
    composition of some plasters , and has been ' nourishment.' A good state of nutrition .
    used as an errhine. EVAC’UANTS, Ecucuan'tia, from e and va
    EUPHORBIA PALUSTRIS . The greater spurge. cua're , to empty ,' ( F.) Educuatifs. Medicines
    Es'ula major, Tithym'alus, Marsh spurge, ( F.) are so called , which occasion a discharge by
    Euphorbe des marais. The juice is given, in some emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics,
    Russia, as a common purge. It is used , too , as & c ,
    irritant in PARA’LIAS
    anEuphorbia tinea,warts, & cym'alus
    . ÉVACUATIFS , Evacuants .
    , Tith paralias , EVACUATIO , Excretion .
    Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic and EVACUATION. Same etymon . The dis
    irritating ; and is seldom used . charge of any matter whatever , by the natural
    D All the spurges are vesicant and rube- passages or by an artificial opening.
    facient, when applied externally. ÉV ANOUISSEMENT, Syncope .
    EUPHORIA , Eupathia. EVAPORATION , Evapora'tio, Vapora'tio,
    EUPHRAGIA , Euphrasia officinalis . Elhala'tio . Transformation of a liquid into
    EUPHRA'SIA OFFICINA'LIS, Ocula'ria , vapour, in order to obtain the fixed matters
    Euphru'gia , Ophthal'mica ,Eyebright, (F.) Eu- contained in it, dry and separate froni the liquid,
    fraise, Casse-Lunette. It has been recommend. When the vapour is received in a proper vessel
    ed in diseases of the eye , but is unworthy of and condensed, the process is called Distilla
    notice . tion , ( which see.) Evaporation produces cold ,
    EUPNEA, from ev , 6 well,' and rew , ‘ 1 and this is one of the processes by which the
    respire . ' Freedom or facility of respiration . body is cooled , through the evaporation of the
    ÈURHYTHMIA, from {u, well, and qu9 . perspiratory fluid.
    mos, ' rhythm .' Regularity of the pulse . EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. E. is
    EURIBALI, Juribali . situate in Auvergne , in France . The waters
    EUROS , evows, 'mould ,putrefaction ,'Mucor, are hydrosulfurous, and thermal.
    Caries. (q. v .) Corruption of the humours. EVENTRATION , Eventra'tio, Hypogastro
    EURYCHORIA , Sinus . ria ' from e , ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly.'
    EURYCLES , Engastrimythos. A tumour, formed by a general relaxation of
    EURYCLITUS, Engastrimythos. the parietes of the abdomen, and containing a
    EURYSMUS, Dilatation . great part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ven
    EUSAR'COS , from ev, ' well , ' and caps , tral hernia , or that, which occurs in any other
    • flesh . One who is fleshy , robust. way , than through the natural openings of the
    EUSEMI'A, from ev, “ well ,' and onuenor, ' a abdominal parietes. Lastly, any very exten
    sign. ' A collection of good signs. sive wound of the abdominal parietes, with
    EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE , Tuba Eustachia'na, issue of the greater part of the intestines.
    Mcatus cæcus, Tuba Aristotelica , Ductus auris EVENTUS, Apobainon , Apobesom'enon , Ec
    palati'nus, Iter a Palato ad Aurem , Trompe ou besom'enon , Termina'tio morbi. The event or issue
    Conduit d'Eustache, Conduit guttural del'oreille of a disease, either favourable or unfavourable .
    - (Ch .) This tube was so called from its dis- EVERRIC'ULUM, Specillum . A sort of
    coverer , Eustachius. It is partly bony and sound or scoop , used for extracting sand or
    partly cartilaginous; extending from the cavity fragments of stone or clots of blood from the
    of the tympanum to the upper part of the pha- bladder, after or during the operation of litho
    rynx . Its length is about two inches ; the bony tomy.
    portion, which belongs to the temporal bone, EVERSIO PALPEBRÆ , Ectropion .
    is about 3.41hs of an inch long. It islined, in . ÉVIGILATION . See Sleep .
    ternally, by a prolongation of the lining mem- EVIL, KING'S , Scrofula .
    brane of the pharynx. Its nerves are furnished EVIRATIO , Castration,
    by the palatine branches of the ganglion of EVIRATUS, Eunuch .
    Meckel, and its vessels proceed from those of EVOLU'TION , SPONTANEOUS . A term,
    the pharynx and velum pendulum . applied, by Dr. Denman , to what he considered
    The use ofthetube seems to be , to permit the to be a spontaneous turning of the fætus ir
    renewal of air in the cavity of the tympanum . utero, in an arm presentation, in consequence
    EUSTA'CHIAN Valve , Valve of Eustachius , of powerful uterine contractions forcing out the
    Valvule d'Eustachi ou d'Eustache. A mem- breech and feet , whilst the arm recedes. It is
    branous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to now usually considered to be a doubling of the
    the opening of the vena cava inferior into the fætus, so that the arm changes its position but
    right auricle of the heart. little, whilst the breech is forcibly expelled
    EUSTHENI'A,Vigor, Exuberan'tia , from ev , before the upper extremity ; -- the case becoming
    " well ,' and oderos,“ strength . Flourishing, ex- similar to a breech presentalion.
    uberant health.-- Hippocr. EVOMITIO, Vomiting.
    EUTAXIA, from ev , " well ,' and tacou , " ] EVUL'SION, Avulsion, Evulsio , from evel
    arrange,' Euthe'sia. A well ordered constitu- lere, ' to pluck out,' Apotilmos, Ectilmos, Til
    , in which every,part
    tionEUTHANA'SIA has its proper relation . mos. The action of plucking out ; forcible ex.
    from ev , ' well,' and Sava- traction . (F. ) Arrachement. This word is.
    tos, ' death .' An easy death . oftener used by the French , than by the Eng.
    EUTHESIA , Eutaxia. lish surgeons, for the act of extracting certain
    EXACERBATIO 280 EXCORIATION

    parts, the presence of which is injurious,-as Eruptive feders. Cutaneous eruptions, essen
    the teeth , & c. tially accompanied with fever ; —the third order
    EXACERBATIO , Paroxysm. in the class Hematica of Good.
    EXACERBA'TION , Exucerba'tio, Exaspe- EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence - e. Rose
    ra'tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare,' to pro- ola, Roseola - e . Rubeola, Rubeola.
    voke ,' (F. ) Rédoublement. An increase in the EXANTHISMA, Exanthem .
    symptoms of a disorder. Often used synony- EXANTHROPIA , Misanthropia.
    mously with paroxysm . (q. v . ) EXARAGʻMA, from rapacow , ' I tear away,'
    EXACUM SPICATUM , Coutoubea alba. ' I break . Collision, violent fracture or friction.
    EXÆMATOSIS , Hæmatosis. EXARCHIATER. Chief of the archiatri ;
    EXÆMOS, Exanguious. or chief of physicians, a title like that of Comes
    EXÆRESIS, Extraction. Archiatrorum , given to the chief physician of
    EXAL'MA, from , 'out of,' and aidonai, ' I an emperor or king.
    leap:' Exalsis. Hippocrates calls thus the EXAR'MA, from Faipopat; ' I am raised .' A
    displacement of the vertebræ . prominent lumour.
    EXALTA'TION OFTHE VITAL FORCES, EXAR'SIO . A burning heat.
    Eralta'tio virium . This word has been used, by EXARTEMA, Amuletum .
    modern pathologists, to designate a morbid in- EXARTHREMA , Luxation, Sprain.
    crease in the action of organs, and partly that EXARTHROMA , Luxation.
    which occurs in an inflamed organ. Some use EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain .
    exaltation of the vital forces, and inflammation EXARTICULATIO , Luxatio.
    synonymously . EXARYSIS, Exhaustion .
    EXAMBLÓMA, Abortion . EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation .
    EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion . EXCECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallo
    EXANASTOMOSIS , Anastomosis. chum.
    EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence. EXCALEFACTIO , Échauffement.
    EXANGI'A , froin esayyıtw, ' I evacuate from EXCARNA'TION, Excarna'tio, from er , and
    a vessel.' Erangeia . An enlargement or rup caro, ' flesh .' A mode of making anatomical
    ture of a blood vessel, without external open- preparations, which consists in separating in.
    ing. A genus, in the order Dysthetica, class jected vessels from the parts in which they are
    Hæmatica of Good. It comprises aneurism and situate . This is done by means of corrosion
    darix . by an acid or by putrefaction.
    ExANGIA ANEURISMA, Aneurism . EXCASTRATIO , Castration, Eunuch .
    EXAN'GUIOUS , Examos, Ersan'guis ,from EXCATHISMA , Bath , half, Semicupium .
    ez , ' out of,' and sanguis, blood. ' One who EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious .
    seems bloodless ; as a female , who has suffered EXCIDENTIA , Ecptoma.
    largely from uterine hemorrhage. EXCIPIENT, Ercipiens, from excip'ere, to
    EXANIA , Proctocele . receive.' (F.) Intermède. A substance ,which,
    EXANIMATION, Exanima'tio, from ez ,' out in a medicinal prescription, gives form and con
    of,' and anima, the spirit.' This word has sistence to it and serves as a vehicle or medium
    two acceptations. Sometimes, it means real for the exhibition ofthe other ingredients.
    death , corresponding with the Greek Faratos, EXCIPULA , Cup.
    mors. At others, it signifies , apparent death , EXCISIO, Entaille.
    corresponding with the Greek αψυχια, εκψυχια, EXCISION , Excis'io, from excidere, ' to cut
    exivois, An'imi deli'quium . off ; ' extollen , Ec tome. A surgical operation ,by
    EXAN'THEM , Eranthe'ma, Anthema erup'- which parts of a small size are removed with a
    tio , Epanthe'ma, Eflorescen'tia, Exanthis ma , cutting instrument.
    Efflora'tio, from eavqew , ' I flourish.' A rash ! | EXČITABILÖITY, Excitabil'itas. Irritabi
    (F.) , Ele'dures. Under this term is comprei lity (q. v .). The faculty, possessed by living
    hended, by some, every kind of eruption , of beings, of being sensible to the action of ex
    which the skin is the seat. Others compre- citants. The doctrine of excitability forms an
    hend by it those eruptions, thatare accompanied important partofthe Brunonian system .
    with fever, Febres exanthematicæ : including, EXCITANT, Stimulant,
    under the head of the Major Exanthemata , those EXCITA'TION or EXCITE'MENT. Same
    which attack a person but once in his life, and etymon ., from excita're,' to excite,' Excita'tio.
    which are communicated by specific contagion ; Act of exciting or state of an organ or organs
    and , under the minor exanthemata, those, which excited. Excitement is, sometimes, used sy.
    are not marked by these characteristics.Small. nonymously with arterial action . The effect
    pox , measles, cow -pox, & c.,belong to the major: of the exciting powers acting on the excita
    --Chicken -pox, herpes, lichen , & c., to the bility, according to Brown, constitutes excite
    minor. ment. Cullen used the term to express the res
    EXANTHEM , CARBUNCULAR, Anthracia — e . toration of the energy and action of the brain ,
    Ichorous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis which had been interrupted by sleep or some
    -e . Rash, Enanthesis. debilitating cause,-a state opposite to that of
    EXANTHEMA, Eminence - e. Miliaria, collapse.
    fever - e .Pestis, Plague - e. Serosum , Pemphi. EXCITO -MOTORY. An epithet applied
    gus — e. Strophulus, Strophulus - e. Vaccina, by Dr. Marsball Hall to those nerves which
    Vaccina - e. Varicella, Varicella. are true spinal , and are concerned in certain
    EXANTHÈME INTESTINALE. See Ty- reflex functions. See Nerves.
    phus . EXCORIATIO , Ecdora.
    EXANTHEMATICA . Same etymon. EXCORIA’TION, Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra ,
    1
    EXCORIATURA 281 EXFOLIATIVE

    Am'ychè, from ex , and corium , ' skin. ' ( F. ) as well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and
    Écorchure. A slight wound , which removes tenacious matters adhering to it.
    only the skin . EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele .
    EXCORIATURA, Excoriation . EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi.
    EXCREATION , Excreu'tio, Rasca'tio, from EXELCOSIS. See Ulceration .
    screare , ' to spit.' Act of spitting. (F.) Crache- EXELCYS'MOS, e enxuonos, from = , from ,'
    ment .
    See Erspuitio . and < axvw , ' I draw . ' Extraction . Also the act
    EXCREMENT, Excremen'tum , Excre'tum , ofbreaking out into ulcers.
    Excre'tio , Peritto'ma, Diachore'ma, Aph'odos, EXELCYSMUS, Extraction.
    Apocho'reon, Apoc'risis, Ardas, Ar'dulos, from EXENTERIS'MUS, Erenteri'sis, EJEVTEQLO
    ercer'nere, to separate ,' ' cleanse .' Every NOS, ŠEVTEQLOIS; from eš , ' out of,' and ertepov,
    thing, which is evacuated from the body of an an intestine.' The operation of disemboweling
    animal as superfluous, by the natural emunc. or eviscerating.
    tories: such as the fæcal matters , the urine, EXERAM'A , from & segWw , I throw out. '
    perspiration, nasal mucus, & c. Generally, Any thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter
    however, the term is restricted to the fæcal vomited . - Hippocr.
    evacuations;—the Purgamenta, Hedra, Sedes , EX'ERCISE , Exercita'tio, Exerci'tium , Asce'
    Fæces (9.v.) , Stercus, Caccē , Spat'ile (especially sis, Gymnasion, from cxercere, ' to work .'
    when liquid ,) Dejectio alvina ,Onera alri, Sordes Every motion of the body , arising from the
    ventris, Caturrhexis , Copros, Scor. contraction of muscles subjected to the_will.
    EXCREMENTITÍAL, Excrementi" tious, Also, the action ofany organ whatever. Exer
    Excrementi " tius. (F.) Excrémenteur, Eucre- cise may be active or passive. The passive are
    mentitiel. That which is similar to excrement, referred to , under the head of Gestation. The
    and forms part of it. Ercrementitial humours chief active exercises are :-:-walking , running,
    or parts are those destined to be evacuated , as dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball,
    incapable of administering to the nutrition of cricket, racket, quoits, swimming, declamation ,
    the body . singing, & c.
    EXCREMENTO - RECREMENTI '"TIAL , Exercise is an important prophylactic, par
    Excremento -rcerementitious. Animal fluids, in . ticularly in those disposed to be plethoric . It
    tended to be partly absorbed and partly re- improves the digestion: augments the secre
    jected . tions ; and , when used in moderation, gives
    EXCRESCENCE, Excrescen'tia, Ecphy'ma, strength to the body ; but when carried to ex
    Phymalo'sis, Hypersarco'sis, Sarcophyia , Caro cess, produces debility and disease.
    excrescens, from excres'cere, ' to grow outwards .' EXÆ'RESIS, from & , 'out of,' and aigeu ,
    (F. ) Excroissance. A tumour,which forms at • 1 take away,' ' A surgical operation , which
    the surface of organs, and especially on the consists in drawing, extracting, or removing,
    skin, mucous membranes , or ulcerated sur- from the human body, every thing that is use
    faces. Excrescences differ in size , shape, cause , less, noxious, or extraneous. It is a generic
    & c ., and each requires its own treatment. term , which includes extraction, evulsion, eva
    Warts, condylomata , polypi, hemorrhoids belong cuation, excision , ablation, amputation , &c.
    to this head.
    EXCRESCENTIA , Exacerbation , Protube- • IEXERRHOʻSI S , from a , ' out of,' and pea ,
    flow . The discharge , which takes place by
    rance, Tumour - e. Caruosa, Sarcoma. - e. Gin. insensible perspiration.
    give , Epulis.
    , Excrement - e. Alvi. EXFOLIA’TION , Exfolia'tio, Desquama'tio,
    Defecation - Eccrisis
    na,EXCRETIO, e. Fæcum alvinarum , Defeca- Eclep'isis, from er and fo'lium , “ a leaf. By
    tion-e . Urinæ involuntaria , Enuresis . this is meant the separation of the dead portions
    EXCRETION, Excretio, Evacua'tio, Ejec'tio, of a bone, tendon , aponeurosis, or cartilage,
    under the form of lamellæ or small scales . Ex
    Expulsio, Eges'tio,
    " toseparate. The Diachore'sis,
    separation orfrom excernere,
    throwing off foliation is accomplished by the instinctive ac
    of those matters from the body of an aniinal, tion of the parts, and its object is to detach the
    which are supposed to be useless, as the urine, dead portion from those subjacent, and which
    perspiration , and fæces. are still alive. For this purpose, the latter throw
    EXCRETORY, Excreto'rius; same etymon. out fleslıy granulations; and a more or less
    An Excretory vessel or duct is one , which trans- abundant suppuration occurs, which tends to
    mits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter- separate the exfoliated part,-now become an
    nally or into the reservoirs in which it has to extraneous body. The ancients distinguished
    be deposited. The existence of an excretory exfoliation into sensible and insensible,accord
    duct is a distinctive character of the glands ing as the dead portions of bone were detached
    properly so called . in fragments of greater or less size, or in very
    Excretory ORGAN, means any one charged thin pieces , and in an almost insensible manner.
    with the office of excreting : thus the skin is When the dead part embraces all or almost all
    said to be an excretory organ, because through the substance of a bone, it takes the name Se
    it the perspiration takes place. questrum.
    EXCRETUM , Excremcnt . EXFOʻLIATIVE , Erfolinti'rus, Desquamato'.
    EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence . rius. That which takes away by leaves or
    EXCU'TIA VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach Brush . scales . The term has been applied to certain
    An instrument, composed of iron or brass wire , medicines , which were regarded as proper to
    at one of the extremities of which is a pencil hasten exfoliation, such as alcohol,oil of tur
    of bristles . Some ancient authors proposed this pentine, tincture ofmyrrh, & c .
    to extract foreign bodies from the esophagus, The Exfo’LIATIVE TREPAN, Eclepisitrep'
    36
    EXHALAISON 282 EXOSMOSE

    anum , is an ancient raspatory, or instrument for sus vesi'cæ , Ædopto'sis vesi'cæ . (F.) Renverse
    scraping exfoliating portions of bone. ment de la ressie .
    EXHALATSON , Exhalation . Exocys'te
    NOELIA'NA ; when the inner mem
    EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, Echa'lans, from brane of thebladder is protruded . So called
    exhala're, ' lo exhale ,' throw out.' from M. Noel, who first accurately described it.
    The Exhalant Vessels are very minute , Exocys'te SOLINGENJA'NA ; when the neck
    and arise from the arterial capillary system of the bladder is protruded. Called after M.
    They are situale in every tissue of the body , Solingen , who first accurately described it.
    and on the surfaces of the mucous and serous EXCEDESIS. Swelling.
    membranes and skin ; on which each pours its EXOGOGE , Extraction .
    particular fluid . Bichat distinguished three sets. EXOINE or EXOENE, from ex , ' out of,'
    1.Theexternal, terminating on the mucousand and idoneus, 'fit,' or rather from exonera're, 'to
    external dermoid system , where they pour the exonerate.' ' In France , a certificate of excuse,
    matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, compris- exemption, or dispensation, given to those sum
    ing those of the cellular and medullary tissues, moned to appear before a court of justice, and
    and of synovialsurfaces : and , 3. The nutritive ex- who are unable to do so.
    halants,which vary in each organ where they are EXOLCE , Extraction .
    found; and preside over the phenomena of com- EXOMETRA , Prolapsus uteri.
    position and increase of every part of the body. EXOMOJOSIS , Assimilation .
    The exhalants are the antagonists of the absor. EXOMPHALOCELE , Exomphalus.
    bents. They are imaginary vessels, inasmuch EXOM'PHALUS , Erumbilica'tio, Ecom 'pha
    as they cannot be detected . loce'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lis,Hernie
    EXHALATIO , Evaporation . ombilicale, (F.)H. du nombril, Umbilical Hernia,
    EXHALA'TION , Exhalatio ; same etymon . from eš , out of,' and ougaios, “ the navel .'
    Anathymiasis,(F.) Ethalaison. A function, by Hernia, occurring at the navel. This affection
    virtue of which certain fluids, obtained from the happens more frequently in infants, and takes
    blood, are spread, in the form of dew , in the place by the umbilical ring itself. In adults, it
    areolæ of the different textures, or at the sur - occurs more commonly in females than in
    face of membranes: either for the sake of being males ; and, when it does so, the sac passes in
    thrown out of the body , or to serve for certain the vicinity of the umbilicus. The organs,found
    purposes. The sweat is a liquid , excrementi- in this kind of hernia, are , particularly, —the
    tious exhalation ; the serous fuid of the pleura epiploon, the jejunum , the arch of the colon ,
    a liguid , recrementitious exhalation . and sometimes the stomach . The tumour is, in
    Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex . general, round , and presents all the characters
    hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- of hernia. It is , commonly, readily reducible,
    ganic, dead or living. and not subject to strangulation . "It must be
    EXHALATION , PULMONARY. See Perspira- reduced , and retained by an elastic bandage,
    tion made in the form of a girdle, and furnished with
    EXHAUS/TION, Erarysis, Vires exhauste, a pad at its middle part. When strangulated ,
    from exhauri',e,' to draw out. ' (F.) Épuisement. the stricture may be divided upwards and to
    Loss of strength , occasioned by excessive eva- wards the left side .
    cuations, great fatigue or privation of food , or EXOMPHALUS Aquosus, Hæmomphalum .
    by disease. EXONCO'MA, from and oy zos, “ a tumour.'
    EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, from ez and A large, prominent tumour. Used, by Galen,
    humus, " the ground. ' The disinterment of a for protuberance of the vertebræ after luxation.
    corpse. The circumstances , wbich render this EXONCOSIS LINGUÆ , Glossoncus.
    necessary, are :-1 . Judicial investigations, rela- EXONEIROSIS , Pollution.
    tive to the body of the person inhumed. 2. EXONEURISM , Magnetism , animal. Oculi,
    The removal of a body from one cemetery to EXOPHTHALMIA , Plosis Bulbi
    another : and, 3. The evacuation of ceineteries Exorbitis'mus, Ophthalmocele, Ophthalmoplo':
    or sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended sis, Oculi totius prominen'tia, from eb , out of,'
    with much unpleasant smelland annoyance , and oqgalpos, eye . ' ( F.) Procidence de l'æil.
    and requires the use of disinfecting agents, of A protrusion of the eye from its orbit, occasioned
    which the most powerful is the chloride of line. by an abscess or tumour in the cellular texture
    See Disinfection. The putrid effluvia from ani- of the orbit ; by exostosis of the parietes of the
    mal substances are not, however, found to ex- orbit, & c.
    cite endemic disease . In Exophthalmia, the eye is pressed forwards;
    EXISCHIOS, from és, ' out of,' and soylor, the eyelids are raised and separated, so that
    the ischium . A luxation of the os femoris. they can no longer cover the eye, and defend it
    All those with large nates, and prominent hips, from the action of extraneous bodies : it be
    were calledErischioi and Erechegluti. comes inflamed , and the sight is disturbed or
    EXITU'RA . According to some, any ab-destroyed. The treatment of course depends
    scess, which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus upon the cause .
    every kind of putrid excrement. EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia.
    EXOCHAS, Exoche,from e £w , 'without,' and EXORMIA, Papula --e. Lichen, Lichen - e .
    $70 , ' I have .' A soft tumour without the anus: Strophulus, Strophulus.
    qutward piles. EXOSMO'SE, Erosmosis, Transudation , from
    EXOCHE, Eminence. Es, ' out of,' and wonos, ' impulse.' The opposite
    EXOCYS'TĒ, Erocys'tis, from eš, out of,' to Endosmose : the act by which substances
    and xvotis , ' the bladder. ' A prolapsus of the transude from within to without an animal or
    bladder into the urethra . Also called Prolap'. Lother membrane.
    EXOSSATIO 283 EXPRESSION

    EXOSSATIO, Exostosis . Inhalations , Scilla,


    EXOSTEMA CARIBÆA , Cinchone cari ( of lodine, Stramonium , Senega,
    bææ cortex . Tar, Burning Wool, Tolutanum .
    Tobacco, &c .) ,
    EXOSTO'SIS, Hyperosto’sis, Emphy'ma Ex EXPECTORATIO SANGUINIS, Hæmop .
    osto'sis os'tea , Ecossa'tio, Ossis eminen ' tia , from
    85, ' out of,' and oottor,'' a bone.' An osseoustysis — e. Solida, Cynanche trachealis.
    EXPEC
    tumour, which forms at the surface of bones, or TORATION, Expectora'tio, Bex
    in their cavities . Various
    kinds have been hu'mida, Anaptysis, Anacathar'sis, Anaberis,
    enumerated. The l'vory E :rosto'sis, Exostose same etymon . The act of expelling from the
    eburnée ;—that which has the appearance and chest matters or secreti d or there collecte
    consistence of ivory. Lam'inar Exoslo'sis, E. existing. It is, likewise,ons
    used for the expecto
    Laminée ;—that which is formed of lamince in rated matter.
    superposition or of distinct filaments. The EXPELLENS , Expulsive.
    Spongy Ecosto'sis is that , whose structure is EXPE’RIENCE , Experientia , Peira, Em
    analogous to the spongy tissue of bones. pei'ria , from ea peri'ri, to practise. ' A know
    Exostoses are sometimes distinguished into ledge of things acquired by practice. In Me.
    the true, which seem to be a projection of the dicine , this knowledge can be obtained both by
    osseous substance, and which have the same the practitioner's own experience, and by that
    organization and hardness as that substance ; obtained from tradition and from books To
    and the false, or osteo- sarcoma. Exostosis may profit by experience requires a mind capable of
    depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, goui, appreciating the proper relations between cause
    &c. In such cases,it is important to get rid of and effect ; and hence it happens, that false
    the primary disease erperience, Experientia fallax, is extremely
    Those ecostoses which occur within bones, common ; and that a man had better, in many
    have, by some , been called Enostoses. instances , trust to that which he has learned from
    Exostosis, .Spina
    Osteosteatoina ventosa - e.Steatomatodes,others, than to his own fallacious observation .
    The union of accurate observation by the
    EXOTIC, Ero'ticus, from ežu, without .' physician with that handed down by medical
    That which comes from abroad . Plants or writers constitutes perfect experience, so far as
    is attainable in any individual case .
    drugs which are procured from abroad , are so it EXPÉR
    called . It is opposed to indigenous. IENCE . Experiment.
    EXOTICADE'NIA , from Exotic , and udew , EXPERIMEN Experimentum ; same ety .
    T,
    I dislike . A version for exotic drugs. inon . ( F.) Expérience. A trial,made on the
    bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of
    EXOTICHÆMATOSIS , Transfusion .
    detecting
    EXOTICOMA’NIA . The opposite to the better theeffect of a reinedy,or of becoming
    acquainted with their structure , func
    preceding. Fondness for exotic remedies.
    EXPANSION , Expan'sio, from expun'dere,tions, or peculiarities. In a more general
    * to spread out. A prolongation , or spreading intent
    sense, of
    it means anybetteracquainted
    becoming trial instituted with
    with any
    the
    out, presented by certain organs. Thus, we thing .
    say an aponeurotic expansion , &c . By experiments on living animals,inwethehave
    EXPEC'TANT, Expectans, from expecta're, obtained much valuable information va
    " to wait .' That which waits :-as Expectant rious departments of Medicine; but particu
    Medicine,-La Médecine expectanle. See Ex- larly in Physiology and Toxicology,
    pectation.
    À Exper'tus.charged
    Skilful, orwith
    EXPERT (F.)physician, of good
    the
    EXPECTA'TION , Expecta'tio; same etymon. experience.
    The word erpectution has , in Medicine, been duty of making a report upon any case of legal
    applied to that method , which consists in ob- medicine .
    serving the progress of diseases, and removing EXPIRA'TION, Ecpnoe, Ecpneumata'sis,
    deranging influences, without prescribing ac. Ecpneu'sis, from erspira're, to breathe out.
    tive medicines, unless such shallbe imperiously The act of expelling, from the chest, the air
    required. It consists, in fact, in leaving the received in during inspiration .
    disease, almost wholly, to the eff »rts of nature; EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'ni inser'vions.
    and has been termed the art of curing diseases The expiratory muscles are all those which
    by expectation or waiting . – Ars sanur'di cum contribute to diminish the cavity of the chest,
    expecta'tione. for the purpose of expelling the air contained
    EXPECTORA
    thar'ticus, from ez ,
    NT,out Expectorans , Anaca.
    of, and pectus, the muscles are, or
    in the lungs, ofproducing
    chiefly, the intercostals, . These
    expirationtriangu
    breast.' A medicine, capable of facilitating or laris sterni, quadratus lumborum , serratus pos
    provoking expectoration. There is probably ticus inferior, the oblique and recti muscles of
    no such thing as a direct expectorant. They the abdomen, the sacro- lumbalis , & c .
    all act through the system , or by impressions EXPLORATION, Explora'tio, from explo
    made on parts at a distance, which ,through the ra're, ' to search into. ' . The act of observing
    medium of general, continuous, or contiguous and attentively examining or investigating
    sympathy, excite the secretory vessels of the every thing connected with a case of disease.
    air -passages into action . The word is chiefly used, in this sense , by the
    The following are the chief reputed expecto- French practitioners.
    rants : EXPLORATORIUM , Sound.
    Ammoniacum , Ipecacuanha ,
    EXPRESSION , Expressio, Ecpiesmos,
    Asafoetida, Myroxylon , Ecthlipsis,from ez , " out of,' and prem'ere, 'to
    Galbanum, Myrrha , press . The act of compressing a substance ,
    EXPULSIO 281 EXTENSOR

    for the purpose of separating from it the fluids, / we pull strongly, either with the hands alone ,
    which it contains. Also, the manner in which or by straps, a fractured or luxated limb, to re
    impressions, made upon us, are depicted;espe. store it to its natural position. It is the op
    cially in the traits of the countenance . posite of Counter -extension.
    Sweat of EXPRESSION , or Sueur d'expression , EXTEN’SOR. Same etymon. (F.) Exten .
    is a term given to the passive perspiration, ob seur. A muscle, whose office it is to extend
    servable in very debilitated individuals . certain parts.
    EXPULSIO , Excretion - e . Fæcum , Defeca- EXTENSOR BREvis DigiTO'RUM Pedis, Ped '.
    tion . icus, Culcaneo - phalanginien commun of DUMAS ;
    EXPULSIVE, Expellens, Expulsoʻrius, Muscle pédieux, Muscle petit exlenseur des
    from expellere, 'to drive away. An expulsive orteils, Calcaneo -sus -phalangettien commun
    bandage, (F. ) Bandage expulsif, is one con- (Ch.), Carré du pied; Short Exten'sor of the
    structed with the view of compressing a part, Tues. A muscle, situate on the dorsalregion
    from which we are desirous of expelling pus , of the foot. It arises from the external surface
    serum , &c . of the calcaneum , and at the anterior edge of it
    Certain medicines were, formerly, called ex- ligament, which unites that bone to the astra .
    pulsives, which were believed to have the power galus. Anteriorly, each of its divisions termi
    of driving the humours towards the skin ;-as nates by a small tendon, which is fixed, suc
    diaphoretics and sudorifics. cessively, at the superior part of the posterior
    ÉXSANGUIS, Exanguious. extremity of the first phalanx of the great toe ,
    EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma. and to the second and last phalanges of the
    EXSECTIO VIRILIUM , Castration . three next toes. Its use is to extend the four
    EXSECTUS, Castratus ,Eunuch. tirst toes , and to direct them a little outwards,
    EXSICCATIO , Drying. Extensor CARPI Radialis BREvis, see Ra
    EXSICCATIVA, Desiccatiya. dialis — e.Carpi radialis longus, see Radialis - e .
    EXSOLUTIO , Eclysis. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital inuscles.
    EXSPUI" TION , Expui'tio, Spui'tio, Spu ESTENSOR DIGITORUM Commu'nis, Extensor
    ta'tio, Ptysma, Anachremp'sis, Apochremp'sis, digitorum communismanus,cum extensorepro
    Ptysis, from ex, ' out of,' and spuo, ' I spit.' prio auricula'ris, Digitorum Tensor ; Epicon
    Rejection of the matters accumulated in the dylo-sus- phalangettien commun- (Ch.) — Com
    pharynx and larynx ; spitting. mon Extensor of the Fingers. ( F.) Extenseur
    EXSTROPHIA , from out of,' and commun des Doigts. A long, flattened muscle ;
    otpogn,“ turning. Extrover'sio , Extrover'sion.simple above, and divided into four portions
    the posterior part of
    A term , used by M. Chaussier for certain dis- inferiorly. It is situate at the
    placements of organs, and especially of the the forearm ; arises from external lubero
    urinary bladder. sity of the humerus ; from the aponeurosis of
    EXSTROPHIA OF THE BLADDER, ( F.) Ren- the forearm , and from the aponeurotic septa
    versement de Vessie, is a faulty conformation, situate between it and the neighbouring mus.
    in which the organ opens above the pubes ; so cles, and is inserted at the posterior surface of
    that in the hypogastric region there is a red, the secondand third phalanges of the four last
    mucous surface, formed by the inner coat of fingers. The muscle extends the phalanges of
    the bladder ; and on which two prominences the four last fingers upon each other, and upon
    are distinguishable, corresponding to the open the metacarpal bone. It can, also, extend the
    ings of the ureters. hand on the forearm .
    EXSUCCATIO , Ecchymoma. ExtensOR DIGITORUM Longus, E. communis
    EXSUC’TIO ,Suctio, Ecmyze'sis, from ex, 'out digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis,
    of,' and succus,' a juice. The action ofsucking. E. communis digitorum pedis — e. Proprius hal
    EXSUDATIO Ephidrosis.
    , lucis, E.proprius pollicis pedis—e . Indicis, E.
    EXSUFFLATIO , Ecphysesis. proprius indicis - e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E.
    EXTASIS , Ecstasis . longus pollicis -- e. Primi internodii, Abductor
    EXTEMPORANEOUS , Extcmpora'ncus, longus pollicis .
    Extempora'lis. Those prescriptions are called Extensor PROPRIUS, Min’imi Dig " ıtı Epicon
    ' extemporaneous,' or magistral (q. v.), which dylo-sus-phalangettien du pelit doigt,— (Ch .), (F)
    aremade on the spot, andcomposed according Extenseur propre du petit doigt. Situate on the
    to the prescription of the physician . inside of the Extensor communis digitorum . It
    EXTENSEUR COMMUN DES DOIGTS, arises from the external condyle of the os hu
    Extensor digitorum communis--e. Commun des meri and the aponeurotic septa seated between
    orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e. it, the extensor communis digitorum , and the
    Court du pouce , Extensor pollicis brevis — e. extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the
    Long du pouce, Extensor longus pollicise. two last phalanges of the little finger. Its use
    Petit des orteils, Extensor brevis digitorum is to extend the little finger, and even the hand
    pedis — e. Propre du petit doigt, Extensor pro- upon the forearm .
    prius minimi digiti - e. Propre de l'Index , Ex- Extensor Pol'licIS BREVIS, Extensor minor
    tensor proprius indicis. pollicis manis, E. primi interno'dii, E. pollicis
    EXTENSIBILITY, Extensibilitas. A pro- primus, E. secun'di interno'dii (Douglas), E.
    perty , possessed by certain bodies, of being secun'di interno'dii ossis pollicis ; Cubito-sus
    capable of extension or elongation. phalangien du pouce, - (Ch .,) (F.) Court exten
    EXTENSIO , Tetanus. seur du pouce. Seated at the posterior and in
    EXTEN'SION, Extensio, Tasis, Ec'tasis, ferior part of the forearm . It is thin , long,and
    Catat'nsis, Anat'asis, from exten 'dere, ' to stretch broader at its middle than at the extremities.
    out.' It is, in Surgery , an operation , by which It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna
    EXTENSOR 235 EXTRACTUM

    and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted Extensor Tansi Magnus ; E. Tarsisura'lis.
    behind the superior extremity of the first pha- A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas
    lanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb, and trocnemius and soleus combined.
    aids in supination . EXTENSOR TARSI MINOR, Plantar muscle .
    EXTENSOR Longus Pol'licis ; Extensor major EXTENUATIO, Emaciation.
    pollicis manus, Extensor secundi interno'dii, Ex- EXTERNAL DISEASES, Extrin 'sic Dis.
    tensor pol'licis secun'dus, Extensor ter'tii inter- eases, Morbi extrin'seci, Surgical Diseases, ( F. )
    no dii (Douglas), Extensor interno'dii ossis pol- Maladies externes. Those diseases which oc.
    licis, Cubito-sus-phalangettien du pouce, - (Ch .,) cupy the surface of the body, and which form
    ( F.) Muscle long extenseur du pouce. Thismus- the object of Surgical Pathology, requiring,
    cle is long, flat , and fusiform ; and is seated at generally ,externalmeans or surgical operations.
    the posterior part of the forearin . It arises from EXTÉRNUS AURIS , Laxator tympani- e.
    the posterior surface of the ulna and the inte Mallei, Laxator tympani.
    rosseous ligament, and is inserted at the poste- EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
    rior part of the superior extremity of the first EXTINC'TIO VOCIS, Extinction de voix,
    phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last pha. (F.) The French use this term for cases in
    lanx of the thumb upon the first. which the voice is not wholly suppressed, but
    EXTENSOR ProʻPRIUS IN'picis; E. proprius producesonly feeble sounds. Incomplete aphonia.
    primi dig'iti manus, E, In"dicis, Indiça'tor, Ex- EXTINCTION OF MERCURY, Extinc'tio Mercu '.
    tensor secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prius,Cu- rii vel Hydrar'gyri. Trituration of mercury
    bito -sus- phalangettien de l' Index , - ( Ch.,) ( F.) with lard or other substance , until the metallic
    Extenscur propre de l'Index. This muscle is globules disappear. The mercury is then so
    long and thin ; broader in the middle than at divided , that it forms a black powder, generall
    the extremities ; and is situate at the posterior considered to be a protoxide of mercury , but,y
    part of the forearm . It arises from the poste- perhaps, erroneously .
    rior surface of the ulna, and is inserted at the EXTIRPATION , Extirpa'tio, Allatio , Apha'.
    posterior part of the upper extremity of the resis, from extirpa're, to root out.' The com
    second and third phalanx of the index finger. plete removal or destruction of any part, either
    It extends the three phalanges of the index by cutting instruments or the action of caustics.
    finger ; and has , besides, the same uses as the Thus, we speak of the extirpation of a can
    other extensors of the fingers. cer, polypus, encysted tumour, &c .
    EXTENSOR Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis; E.pro- EXTOMIUS, Eunuch .
    prius Hallucis, E. longus ( Douglas ,) E. Polli- EXTRA-PELVIO -PUBI- TROCHANTÉRI
    cis longus, Péronéo- sus-phalangien du pouce, EN , Obturator externus.
    Péronéo-sus-phalangettien du pouce, - (Ch.) EXTRACT, Extractum-e. of Bark , Extrac
    This muscle is situate at the anterior part of the tum cinchone - e. of Bark , resinous, Extractum
    leg . It is fleshy, broad , flat, above ; small and cinchona resinosum - e. of Broom tops,-Ex
    tendinous below . It arises from the anterior tractum cacuminum geniste - e . of Chamo
    part of the middle third of the fibula ; and is in- mile, E. anthemidis -e. of Dandelion , Extrac.
    serted into the posterior part of the superior tum taraxaci- e. of Hemlock , Extractum cicu.
    extremity of the last phalanx of the great toe . tw — e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyami- e.
    It extends the last phalanx of the great toe upon of Hops, Extractum humuli-e. of Lettuce,
    the first; and the first upon the first metacar. Extractum lactucæ - e . of Liquorice, Extrac
    palbone. tum glycyrrhiza - e. of Logwood , Extractam
    Extensor COMMU'Nis Digitorum Penis , E. hæmatoxyli- e. of Meat, saponaceous, Osma
    Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorum longus, zome ~ e . of Oak Bark, Extractum corticis
    Péronéo -tibi-sus-phalangettien commun, Cnemo- quercus - e . of White Poppy, Extractum papa .
    dactyle'us, Péronéo-sus-phalangettien commun . veris - e. of Rhubarb, Extractum rhei - e. of
    (F.) Extenseur commun des Orteils. This mus . Rue , Extractum rute - e, of Savine, Extractum
    cle is, also, situate at the anterior part of the foliorum sabina - e. of Wormwood, Extractum
    leg. It is long, thin , flattened, simple, and cacuminum absinthii.
    fleshy above , and divided into four tendons be- EXTRACTION, Extractio, Era'resis, El
    low . It arises from the outer tuberosity of the ogo'ge, Exolce , Erelcysmus, Enchylo'sis, from
    tibia and the anterior surface of the fibula , and extra'here, “ to draw out. ' The act of removing
    is inserted into the superior part of the poste- an extraneous substance from any part of the
    rior extremity of the second andthird phalanges body. Thus, a splinter is said to be extracted .
    of the four last toes. It extends the three pha- It is, also, applied to the removal of certain
    langes of these toes. parts. The cataract is said to be extracted : a
    EXTENSOR Primi INTERNODII , E. pollicis bre - tooth is extracted ,when carious , &c.
    vis - e . Secundi internodii , E. pollicis brevis , EXTRAC'TIVE . Same etymon . A pecu
    Extensor longus pollicis-e . Secundi interno. liar, immediate principle , which has been ad
    dii indicis proprius, E. proprius indicis - e. Termitted in extracts. Thus, bitter extractive is
    tii internodii, E. longus pollicisme. Tertii in- the immediate principle of bitter vegetables,& c .
    ternodii indicis, Prior annularis-e . Tertii in. EXTRACTUM , Extractum , from extrahere,
    ternodii minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti 'to draw out,' ' separate ;' Opos, onos , Chylis'
    -e. Ossis metacarpi pollicis manus, Abductor ma, Ecchylo'ma, (F.) Extrait. An extract is
    longus pollicis - e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius prepared by evaporating vegetableWhesolutions,
    pollicis pedis — e. Pollicis secundus, E. Longus till a tenacious mass is obtained. n pre
    pollicis - e. Minor pollicis manus, E. pollicis pared from an infusion or decoction, it is called
    brevisme. Primus pollicis, Abductor longus a watery ; from a tincture, a spirituous extract.
    pollicis . Both kinds contain all the principles of the
    EXTRACTUM 286 EXTRACTUM

    vegetable, soluble in the menstrua with which tincture in a retort, till both are thickened ;
    they are prepared ; but the volatile parts are then mix and evaporate to a pilular consist
    dissipated , and some of the fixed parts are de- ence.) Dose' gr. x to gr. xx in pills.
    composed ; the proper extractive is oxygenized , EXTRACTUM CATHARTICUM, E. Colocynthidis
    and'the virtues of the vegetable substance compositum - e . Catechu, Catechu - e. Cham
    consequently altered or destroyed. Extracts memeli, E. Anthemidis - c . Cicutæ ,E. Conü .
    are hard or soft ; the consistence of the soft EXTRACTUM CINCHO'NÆ , Extract of Cinchd.
    being such as to retain the pilular form without na , E. Cor'ticis Peruvid'ni, E. Cincho'ne Molle,
    the addition of a powder. A patentwas taken E. of Bark . ( A decoction evaporated .) The
    out some years ago by a Mr. Barry , of London, active principles are similar to those of the
    for preparing them in vacuo ; and, as the tem- bark in substance ; but it is not so effectual
    perature is much lower than in the ordinary owing to the chymical change induced in the
    method, the virtues of the plant are less altered , drug, during the boiling. When reduced, by
    and the extracts are generally green . Extracts drying, to a state fit for being powdered , it is
    are also prepared by Displacement or Percola- called the Hard Extract of Bark, Extrac'tum
    tion , (q . v . ) Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni durum , E. Cincho'næ du
    Extracts have, likewise, received different rum. Dose, gr. x to 3ss.
    names according to their predominant princi- ExtractUM CINCHONÆ Resino'sum , E. Cin .
    ple. The Gummy or mucous, or mucilaginous, chonæ lancifo'liæ , E. Cinchonæ rubré resino' .
    are those which are mainly composed of gum sum , Res'inous Extract of Bark , E. Cincho'ne
    or mucilage . Gum tragacanth may be con- Resine . The aqueo-spirituous extract contains
    sidered a pure gummy extract . Gelatinous ex- both the extractive and resin of the bark .
    tracts are those composed especially of gelatine. Dose, gr. x. to xxx.
    Resinous extracts, those of a resinous character ; EXTRACTUM CULOCYN'THIDI , Extract of Col
    extracto-resinous, those composed of extrac- ocynth . A cathartic, in the dose of from gr. v
    tive or colouring matter and resin . Gum -resin- to 3ss.
    ous, those containing gum and resin ; and sa- EXTRACTUM Conocyn'tudis COMPOSITUM .
    pona'ceus or sapona ceous saline, those contain: Extractum Cathar'ticum , E. Cathol'icum , E.
    ing a notable quantity of saline substances and Querceta'ni. Compound Extract of Colocynth
    a resinous matter, so combined with mucous ( Colocynth . pulp. concis. 3vj. Aloes spicat. ext.
    and other soluble substances, that it cannot be contrit. Ziss. Scammon. Gum -Resin cont. Zss.
    separated. Cardamom . sem. contrit. 3j. Sp. Vin . ten. 15 j .
    ExtraCTUM Cacu'MINUM ABsin'thII , Ex. Macerate the pulp in the spirit, at a gentle heat,
    tract of wormwood, ( A decoction, defecated and for four days ; strain; add the aloes and scam
    evaporated .) The Havour is dissipated along mony ; then distil off the spirit and mix in the
    with the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic . cardamom seeds. Lond . Pl.) It is a powerful
    Dose, gr. x to aj in pill. cathartic and is used in obstinate visceral ob
    EXTRACTUM Aconi'ri , Ertract of aconite. Suc structions , & c . Dose , gr. vj to 3ss.
    cus spissa'tus aconiti napelli,( from the inspissuted EXTRACTUM Conir , E. Cicu'te , Succus cicutæ
    juice without defecation .) It is esteemed to be spissa'tus, Extract of Hemlock, Succus spissatus
    narcotic and diuretic ; and has been given in conii mucula'ti. ( Expressed juice, inspissated,
    the cases referred to under aconitum. Dose , without defecation ) Employed in the
    same
    gr, j, gradually increasing it. cases as the Conium. Dose, gr. iij to aj :
    EXTRACTUM AL'oes Purifica'tum , Pu'rified EXTRACTUM CONVOLVULI JALAPÆ, E. jala pæ
    extruct of aloes. ( The gummy part extracted by -e . Corticis Peruviani , E. Cinchone. Cin .
    boiling water, defecated and inspissated .) Dose, chon .
    gr. v . to gr. xv . EXTRACTUM ELATERI , Elaté'rium, Extract
    ExTRACTUM ANTHEM'dis, E. anthemidis of Elaterium . ( The fecula of the expressed juice.)
    no'bilis, E. chamameli, E. florum chamame'- It is violently cathartic , hydragogue and some
    li, Extract of Chamomile. The volatile oil is times emetic. Dose , gr . ss. every hour till it
    dissipated in this preparation . It is a pure , operates.
    grateful bitter, and is tonic and stomachic . EXTRACTUM CACU'MINUM GENIS'TÆ , Extract
    Dose , gr. x to gr. xx in pills . of Broom Tops. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose,
    EXTRACTUM ASPARAGI , see Asparagus . gss to 3) .
    EXTRACTUM BELLADON'NÆ , Succus spissa'tus EXTRACTUM GENTIA'NÆ , Ert. Gentia'nælu'tea ,
    atropa belladon'ne, Extract of Belladon'na, (an Ert. Radi'cis Gentia'ne , Extract of Gen'lian.
    expressed juice, inspissated .) Properties, same ( The evaporated decoction .) Properties like the
    as those of the plant. Dose, gr. 1, gradually Gentian . Dose , gr. x to 3ss .
    increased to gr . v . Dilates the pupil when EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHI'ZÆ ; Extract of Li
    applied to the eye . quorice . ( The evaporated decoction .) It is de
    EXTRACTUM Cathol'icUM, Extrait Catho- mulcent. Dose , ad libitum .
    lique. This epithet is given to pills composed Refined Liquorice, which is sold in the form
    of aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth , resin of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a
    of jalap ,and scammony . See , also, Extractum solution of the pure extract of liquorice with
    colocynthidis compositum . half its weight of Gum Arabic ,rolling the mass
    EXTRACTUM CASCARIL'Læ ResiNO'SUM , Res'- and cutting it into lengths, and then polishing,
    inous extract of cascarilla, ( Cort. cascarile in by rolling them together in a box.
    pulo . crass. lbj Sp, rini rict. ibiv . Digest for EXTRACTUM HÆMATOX'YLI, E. Hæmator'yli
    four days ; then decant and ' strain ; boil the Campechia'ni, E. Scobis Hæmatoryli, Extractof
    residuum in ten pints of water to two ; filter Logưood. ( The evaporated decoction .) It is
    and evaporate the decoction, and distil the astringent. Dose , gr . x to 3j.
    EXTRACTUM 287 EXTREMITY

    Extractum Radi'cis HELLEB’ori Nigri, | Extrait de Rudius. Pills, made of Colocynth ,


    Ext. of Black Hell'ebore root , E.Hellebori nigri. agaric, scammony , Roots of black hellebore and
    ( The corporated decoction .) In large doses, this jalap, socotrine uloes, cinnamon , mace , cloves,
    is cathartic; in smaller, diuretic , resolvent (?) and alcohol.
    and emmenagogue ( ? ) . Dose , as a cathartic, gr. EXTRACTUM RUTE GRAVEOLENTIS , E. folio .
    x to aj ; as an emmenagogue, & c.gr. iij to gr. x . rum Rule, Extract of Rue , Extractum Rute . ( A
    EXTRACTUM HU’MULI, Extract of hops, (the decoction eraporated ) Tonic , stomachic . The
    eraporated decoction ) It is tonic, anodyne (?) , volatile oil being dissipated in the boiling; this
    diuretic ( ? ) . Dose , gr. v to 3j . is not a good preparation. Dose , gr. x to aj .
    EXTRACTUM Hyoscy'ami , Extract of Henbane, EXTRACTUM Folio'RUM SABINÆ , Extract of
    Succus spissa'tus Hyoscyami nigri, Succ . Spiss. Savine . ( A decoction eraporated. ) Tonic. The
    Hyoscyami. ( The expressed juice, inspissated same remarks may be made on this preparation
    without defecation. Its virtues are narcotic . as on the last. Dose , gr . x to 3ss.
    Dose , gr . v to 3j . EXTRACTUM SARSAPARIL'LÆ , Extract of Sar
    EXTRACTUM JALA'PÆ , E. Convolvuli Jalapa , saparil'la. (A strained decoction, evaporated .)
    E. Jala'pii, Extract of Jalap, E. Jala 'pi. (A Virtues the same as those of the powdered root.
    spirituous tincture, distilled ; and an aqueous de- Dose, gr . x to 3j.
    coction evaporated ; the residua being mixed to . EXTRACTUM SATURNI, Goulard's , Liquor
    gether : kept both soft and hard . ) It is cathartic plumbi subacetatis - e. Scobis hæmatoxyli, E.
    and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x to 9 j . hæmatoxyli.
    EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ Resino'sum, Res'inous EXTRACTUM STRAMO'NII , Extract of Stramo' .
    Extract of Jalap. This is cathartic. nium . ( Seeds of stramonium , lbj, boiling water,
    ExTRACTUM LactU'CÆ , Extract of Lettuce , one gallon. Macerate for four hours in a vessel
    Succus spissa'tus Lactucæ sati'væ. ( Leaves of slightly covered , near the fire ; then take them out
    fresh lettuce lbj; beat them in a stone mortar, and bruise them in a stone mortar and return
    sprinkling them with water ; then express the them again to the fluid when they are bruised.
    juice and evaporate ,without allowing it to sub. Boil the liquor down to 4 pints, and strain while
    side , until it acquires a proper degree of con- it is hot. Finally, evaporate to a proper thick
    sistence.) It is said to be narcotic and diapho- ness. Ph. L.) Used as a narcotic in asthma and
    retic . Dose , gr . iij to gr. X. other spasmodic affections. Dose , gr. ij to gr. x .
    An extract is, sometimes , made from the juice EXTRACTUM Tarax'aci, Ert . Herbæ et Radi'.
    of the wild lettuce , Lactuca viro'sa, which is re- cis Taruz'aci, Extract of Dandeli'on. (A strained
    garded as diuretic, decoction evaporated .) It has been considered
    Extractum Nucis VOMICÆ SPIRITUOSUM , See deobstruent, laxative , and diuretic . Dose, gr.
    Strychnos nux vomica. x to zj.
    EXTRACTUM Opu , E. Opii aquo'sum , E. Thebd . EXTRACTUM THEBAICUM , E. Opii.
    icum , Extract of Opium , E. Opii gummo'sum , ExtraCTUM VALERIA'NÆ , Extract of Vald .
    Lau'danum opia'tum seu simplex, Opium cola '. rian. (An erpressed decoction, evaporated .) The
    tum seu depuratum . (A watery solution defecated virtues of the valerian being dependent upon
    its essential oil , this is an objectionable prepa
    and evaporated .) Dose, gr. ss.to gr. v:
    EXTRACTUM PAPAV'ERIS , E. Papaveris somni. ration. Dose, gr. x to 3j.
    feri, E. Papaveris albi, Extract of white poppy. There are some other extracts in the Ameri
    (The decoction evaporated .). It possesses nearly can and other Pharmacopeias, but they are
    the same virtues as opium ,butis weaker. Dose , prepared in the ordinary mode and possess
    gr. ij to j. merely the virtues of the plants. They are,
    EXTRACTUM PANCHYMAGO'GUM , A drastic besides, generally of an unimportant character.
    medicine , composed of colocynth , bruised with EXTRAIT, Extract - e. Alcoholique de noir
    its seeds; senna bruised ; black hellebore root , vomique, see ' Strychnos nux vomica — e. des
    Agaric, Scammony in powder, Extract of Aloes Fruits, Rob.
    and powder of Diarrhodon . EXTRA'NEOUS BODY , Corpus extraneum ,
    EXTRACTUM PURGANs, see Hedera helix - e. C. exter'num, C. alienum , (F.) Corps étranger.
    Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum . Any solid , liquid, or gaseous substance, inani.
    EXTRACTUM Cor'ticis Quercus , Extract of mate or animate, proceeding from without or
    oak bark. ( The decoction , evaporated .) It is formed in the body; and which constitutes no
    astringent and tonic . part of the body , but occupies, in the substance
    EXTRACTUM Rhei , Extract of Rhubarb, Uses , of the textures or some of the cavities , a place
    like those of the powdered root. Dose, gr. x to foreign to it.
    3 ss. Extraneous bodies may be grouped as in the
    Extractum Ru'dı , Extract of Rudius,(F. ) | following table :
    1. Proceeding
    out .
    from with- ( These are numberless. They may be introduced by the na
    tural ways or by accidental openings.
    IXANIMATE BODIES . Calculi .
    2. Formed in the body. Effusion of blood , pus, urine , or air, into parts not naturally
    containing them .
    1. Participatingin the life | Cysts, &c. of every kind developed in the different organs.
    of the individual.
    ANIMATED BODIES .
    2. Having a separate cz Parasitic animals , as worms, &c .
    istence .

    EXTRAVASA'TION , Extrarasa'tio, from infiltration or effusion of those fluids into the


    extra , ' out of,' and rasa , vessels. Escape of surrounding textures.
    fluids from the vessels containing them , and EXTREM'ITY , Extrem'itas ; the end or
    EXTRINSIC 288 FACE

    termination of a thing. The limbs have been , ceed from the ophthalmic artery . The nerves,
    so called, —as the upper and lower extremities. except the optic, are chiefly furnished from the
    It has been , also, used to express the last mo- ophthalmic ganglion . The following are the
    ments of life ; as when we say, a patient is in dimensions , &c . of the organ , on the authorities
    'toute
    extremity,' (F.) le malade est'à l'extrémité, à of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster :
    extrémité. See Membrum .
    EXTRIN’SIC, Extrin'secus. That which Length of the antero-posterior diameter of 0.91
    comes from without. This term has been used Vertical chord ofthe cornea, 0.45
    0.11
    for muscles, which surround certain organs and Versed sine of the cornea,
    attach them to the neighbouring parts ; in order Horizontal chordof the cornea,
    Size of pupil seen through the cornea ,
    0.47
    0 27 to 0.13
    todistinguish them from other muscles, which Size of pupil diminished by magnifying
    enter into the intimate composition of these power of cornea to, 0.25 to 0.12
    organs, and which have been named intrinsic. Radius of the anterior surface of the crys
    0.30
    Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles Radius of posteriorsurface, - 0.22
    of the tongue, ear, &c . Principal focal distance of lens, 1.73
    EXTROVERSIO , Exstrophia . Distance of the centre of the optic nerve
    EXTUBERANTIA , Protuberance. from the foramen centrale, of Sommering, 0.11
    EXTUBERATIO , Protuberance. Distance of the iris from the cornea , 0.10
    Distance of the iris from the anterior sur
    EXTUMEFACTIO , Swelling . face of the crystalline, 0.02
    EXTUS'SIO, from ex and tussis, ' a cough .' Field
    Field ofof vision
    vision below
    above aa horizontal line, 50 °
    horizontal line, 70 °
    120 °
    I cough with expectoration . '
    EXU'BER , from er, out of,' devoid of, Field Diametofervision horizontal
    of thein acrys talline plane,
    in a woman 150 °

    and u'bera , ' the breasts ;'Apogalactos,' a child , above fifty years of age, 0.378
    which has been weaned . ' Diameter of the cornei , 0.400
    Thickness of the crystalline, 0.172
    EXULCERATIO , Ecthlimma , Ulceration . Thickness of the cornea , 0.042
    EXUMBILICATIO , Exomphalos.
    EXUSTIO , Cauterization . EYEBRIGHT, Euphrasia officinalis.
    EYE , Teuton. A uge, iddos , O'culus, Ops, EYE Glass, Scaphium oculare - e . Gum of
    Omma,Ophthalmos, Illos,Op'tilos, (Doric ,) (F.) the, Chassie - e. Lashes, Cilia — e. Salve, Sin.
    Eil. The eye is the immediate organ of vision gleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi ;
    It is seated in the orbit, whilst its dependencies, Eye-salve, Smellome's,see Cupri sabacetas - e.
    called, by Haller, Tutam'ina Oculi, occupy the Sight of the Pupil .
    circumference of the cavity , and are composed E YESTONE . The shelly opercula of
    of the eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia,glands of small turbinideæ . Used at Guernsey to get
    Meibomíus, &c. ' The Ball, Globe, or Bulb of things out of the eyes. Being put into the
    the Eye, is covered anteriorly by the tunica inner corner of the eye, under the eyelid , it
    conjunctiva; is moved by six muscles, four will work its way out at the outward corner,
    straight and two oblique, and is constituted of and bring out any strange substance with it.
    membranes, as the sclerotic, cornea , choroid , Gray.
    Tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hyaloid, and in the Eye of Typhon , Scilla - e. Water, common,
    fætus, the membrana pupillaris ;-and of Auids, Liquor zinci salphatis cum camphorâ - e. Water,
    called Humours or Media, —the aqueous, crystal- blue, Liquor cupri ammoniati - e. Watery, Epi
    line, and vitreous. The vessels of the eye pro- phora.

    F.

    FABA ÆGYPTIACA , Nymphæa muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of
    nelumbo — f. Cathartica. Jatropha curcas - f. sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries
    Crasssa, Sedum telephium - f. Febrifuga , Ig- proceed from the external carotid ; its veins end
    natia amara — f. Græca, Diospyros lotus - f. In in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin
    dica, Ignatia amara --f. Pechurim , Tetranthera iminediately from the brain .
    pechurim - f. Purgatrix, Ricinus communis — f. The face experiences alterations in disease,
    Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia amara - f. Suilla , Hyos- which it is important to attend to. It is yellow
    cyamus. in jaundice, pale and puffy in dropsy ; and its
    FABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo. expression is very different according to the
    FABARIA CRASSULÁ, Sedum telephium . seat of irritation , so that, in infants, by an at
    FACE, Facies, Vultus, Proso'pon . The face tention to medical physiognomy, we can often
    is the anterior part of the head. It is formed detect the seat of the disease.
    of 13 bones, viz. the two superior marillary, the Hippocrates has well depicted the change,
    Iwo malar, the two ossa nasi, the two ossa un- which it experiences in one exhausted by long
    guis, the vomer, the two ossa spongiosa infe- sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hun.
    riora, the two 'palate bones, and the inferior ger, watchfulness, & c.,threatening dissolution .
    maxillary,withoutincluding the frontal portion Hence this state has been called
    of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may Hippocratica , or Facies Cadaver'ica,theF.Facies
    Tor
    be considered to form part of it. Its numerous tua'lis. In this , the nose is pinched ; the eyes
    FACE, INJECTEE 239 FALCIFORM

    are sunk ; the temples hollow ; the ears cold , evacuations are so called ; (F.) Garde-robes :
    and retracted ; the skin of the forehead tense , the excrements : Fæcal matter. See Excre .
    and dry ; the complexion livid ; the lips pen- ment.
    dent, relaxed , and cold, &c . FÆCOSITAS , Feculence .
    The term Face ( F. ) is likewise given to one FÆCULA , Fecula .
    of the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say , the FÆCULENTIA , Feculence.
    superior face of the stomach. FÆCUNDATIO , Fecundatio .
    FACE , INJECTÉE, see Vultueux - f. Vul- FECUNDITAS , Fecundity.
    tueuse , see Vultueur. FÆX , Feculence.
    FACETTE '. ( F.) Diminutive of face. A FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, from fagus, ' the
    small face : a small, circumscribed portion of beech,' which it resembles. The systematic
    the surface of a bone , as the articular facette of name of the plant, which affords Tucamahaca,
    a bone . a resinous substance , that exudes from the tree .
    FACIES , Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face - f. Tacamahaca, which has a fragrant, delightful
    Concava pedis, Sole - f. Hippocratica, see Face smell, was formerly in high estimation , as an
    -f. Inferior pedis, Sole - f. Tortualis, see Face . ingredient in warm , stimulating plasters, and
    FACIAL , Fucia'lis ; belonging to, or con- was given internally like the balsamsgenerally.
    nected with , the face . The East India Tacamahac, Balsamum Viride,
    The Facial ARTERY, Labial artery, Angular O'leum Ma'ria , Balsamum Calaba, Balsamum
    artery, or external marillary, A. palato-labial- mariæ, Baume vert, is yielded by the Calophyl
    (Ch . ) ; is a branch of the external carotid , which lum inophyllum .
    rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed The Fađara Piperi’TA, (F.) Fugarier poivré;
    to almost every part of the face. It furnishes the a native of Japan , possesses the qualities of
    inferior palatal, submental, superior labial, infe- pepper, and is used, as such, by the Japanese.
    rior labial, and dorsalis nasi. It is ,also , einployedas a rubefacient cataplasm.
    Facial Nerve, Portio duru of the 7th pair, FAGARIER POIVRÉ, Fagara octandra.
    Ramus durior sep'time conjugatio'nis, Sym- FAGOPYRUM , Polygonum fagopyrum .
    patheticus minor, Res'piratory nerve ofthe face, FAGUS CASTA'NEA . The systematic name
    Par sep'timum sive facia'le, Commu'nicans faciei of the Chestnut Tree. Casta'nea, C. vulguris,
    nervus. This nerve arises from the inferior and Castu'nea vesca , Loʻpima, Mota, Glans Joris
    lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove THEOPHRASTI,Ju'piter'sAcorn, Sardin'ian Acorn ;
    which separates it from the medulla oblongata ; the Common Chestnut, (F.) Chataignier com
    external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side mun. Family , Amentaceæ . Ser. Syst. Monacia
    of the auditory nerve . It issues from the cra- Polyandria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nux , ( F.)
    nium by themeatus auditorius internus; enters Chataigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, butnot
    the aqueduct of Fallopius, receives a branch of easy of digestion .
    the vidian nerve , sends off filaments to the in- Fagus CASTANEA PU'nila. The Chin'capin,
    ternal muscles of the malleus and stapes ; fur- Castanea Pumila, (F.) Chataignier nain. The
    nishes that called Corda Tympani; makes its nut of this American tree is eaten like the
    exitat the foramen stylo-mastoideum ,and divides chestnut. The bark has been used in intermit
    into two branches - the temporo- facial, and cer- tents.
    vico - facial. Fagus Sylvat'ICA. The systematic name of
    The FACIAL VEIN , Pal'ato -labial- (Ch ,) the Beech , Fagus, Orya, Balan'da, Valanida ;
    arises between the skin and frontalis muscle, the Beech Tree , (F.) Hêtre. The Beech-nut or
    and bears the name V. Fronta'lis; (F.) Veine Beech -mast, (F ). Fáine, affords an oil, by ex.
    frontale ou V. préparate. It then descends pression , which is of a palatable character, and
    vertically , towards the greater angle of the is eaten in some places instead of butter. It
    eye, where it is called Angularis ; and after has been supposed to be a good vermifuge, but
    wards descends, obliquely, on the face, to open it is no better than any mild oil.
    into the internal jugular, after having re- FAIBLESSE , Debility.
    ceived branches, which correspond with those FAIM , Hunger - f. Canine, Boulimia — f. de
    of the facial artery . It is only in the latter Loup , Fames lupina.
    part of its course that it is called Facial Vein . FAINE. See Fagus sylvatica.
    Chaussier calls the external carotid artery, FAINTING -FIT , Syncope.
    Facial Artery. FAIRBURN , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    FACIENT, (faciens,) ' making ,' from facio, The mineral waters at this place, which is in
    I make .' A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rube- the county of Ross , in Scotland, are sulphu
    facient, & c._ ( Warm making ,' red making: ') reous, and frequented .
    FACTICE , Factitious. FAISCEAU PETIT, Fasciculus.
    FACTI''TIOUS, Farti'lius, ( F.) Factice. That FALCADINA , Scherlievo .
    which is made by art, in opposition to what is FALCIFORM , Falifor'mis, Drepanoides,
    natural or found already existing in nature . from fulr , ' a scythe,' and forma, ' shape .' Hav.
    Thus, we say, factitious mineral waters, for ar. ing the shape of a scythe. This term has been
    tificial mineral waters . applied to different parts. See Falx and Sinus.
    FACULTY, Facultas, Pmer , Virtue. The The FALCIFORM ExpansioN OF THE FASCIA
    power of executing any function or act. The Lata is the scythe-shaped reflection of the
    collection of the intellectual fuculties constitutes fascia lata, which forms , outwards and up
    the understanding. We say, also , vital faculties wards , the opening for the vena saphena, and
    for vital properties, & c . is attached to the crural arch by its superior
    FÆCÉS .' Plural of Fæx ; Cherse , the dregs extremity, forming the anterior paries of the
    of any thing.' Feculence, (q. v .) The alvine canal of the same name .
    37
    FALLTRANCK 290 FALSIFICATION OF DRUGS

    FALLTRANCK OR FALTRANCK , ( G ) or pleurodynia has received the name . See


    literally, a drink against falls . A vulnerary. Peripneumonia Notha.
    It is a mixture of several arounatic and slightly False PASSAGE, Falsa Via , (F .) Fausse Route.
    astringent plants, which grow chiefly in the An accidental passage, made in surgical opera
    Swiss Alps, and hence the name-Vulnéraire tions, and particularly in introducing the ca.
    Suisse - given to such dried plants, cut into theter. The catheter is sometimes passed
    fragments . They are called, also, Espèces Vul. through into the rectum .
    néraires and The Suisse .
    The infusion of the Falltranck is aromatic , We say,also ,False Ribs, False Rhubarb, &c .
    Falsewhich
    and slightly agreeable, but of no use in the water, WATERS , Hydrallan'te,
    sometimes collectsFalse Delivery.
    between the
    cases for which particularly
    it has been recom- amnion and chorion , and is commonly dis
    mended .
    FALSA VIA , False passage . charged before the birth of the child .
    FALSE , Falsus, Spurious, Bastard, Nothus, FALSIFICATION , Adultera'tio, from falsus,
    Pseudo, ( F.) Faur. This epithet has been " false,' and facere, ' to make.' A fraudulent
    frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy , imitation or alteration of an aliment or medi
    &c., to designate a disease similar to these , but cine by different admixtures . It is synony
    less severe . Most commonly, a severe catarrh | mous with adulteration and sophistication .
    TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL
    DRUGS, & c .

    MEDICINES . ADULTERATIONS . MODE OF DETECTION .

    AcaciA GUMMI . Gum Senegal. G.S. is clammy and tenacious. The A.G. is perfectly
    soluble in water, and its solution limpid .
    Sulphuric Acid Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate.
    Nitric Acid . By evaporating it , the residuuin deflagrates, when
    ACETUM DESTILLATUM . thrown on burning charcoal .
    Corper. Supersaturate with ammonia - a blue colour is produced .
    Lead . Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate.
    ACIDUM HYDROCHLORI Deposites by evaporation the salts it may contain ; preci
    CUM . Sulphuric Acid. pilates with solution of hydrochlorate of baryta if it
    contains sulphuric acid .
    NITRICUM . Muriatic and Sulphurics The presence of chlorine is indicated by a precipitate
    Acid . with nitrate of silver : that of sulphuric acid by the
    same result with hydrochlorate of baryta.
    Acidum SULPHURICIM . Muriatic and Nitric Acids. The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indicated by
    the smell , when the acid te -ted is strongly heated .
    Their presence is indicated by forming a granular sedi
    CITRICUM Tartaric and Oxalic Acids. ment in a concentrated solution of a neutral salt of po
    tassa ,
    Too dilute . Its S G. detects this.
    ATHER RECTIFICATUS . Sulphuric Acid . By acetate of bary tes . Precipitate white.
    Alcohol. With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solution is
    formed .
    Aqua AMMONIÆ . Carbonic Acid. precipitation occurs on adding a solution of muriate of
    A line
    AMMONIE CARBONAS . It should be capable of complete volatilization by
    heat .
    The Gutla Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry.
    AMMONIACUM . The lump Ammoniacum , lapis Ammoniaci, is often adul
    terated with common resin .
    It ought to be entirely volatilized hy a red beat .
    Lead. Imparts a foliated texture , and is not vaporizable.
    ANTIMONII SULPHURE
    TUM . Irscnic . A smell of garlic is emitted when ihrown on live
    coals , & c .
    Manganese and Iron . Are not vaporizable .
    The solution assumes a blue colour, when supersaturated
    Copper. with ammonia . It may be suspected when the salt de
    liquesces.
    The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily recog
    ARGENTI NITRAS . nised by the fracture of a stick , which is radiated when
    Nitrate of Potassa . pure and granular if adulterated ; or by precipitating a
    solution of the salts with a sufficient quantity of mu
    riatic acid , and evaporating the clear liquor : the nitrate
    of volatilizable
    potassa or other salts will remain.
    ARSENICUM ALBU'31. Chalk , Sulphate of Lime, Not by heat .
    Sulphate of Barytes.
    A mixture of Resin and
    BalsamUM PEROVLANUM. 80me Volatile Oil , with Not easily detected .
    Berzoin .
    [ The true is distinguishable from the false Calumba by
    CALUMBA . adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops of solu
    tion of sulph . iron , which gives to the infusion of the
    false Calumba, a greenish black colour ; but produces
    > no change in the other.
    Muriate of Soda . This disposes it to deliquesce.
    CAPSICUM .
    Digest in acetic acid , and add a solution of sulphuret
    Cayenne Pepper . Red Lead . of ammonia - a dark - coloured precipitate will be pro
    duced .
    :
    FALSIFICATION OF DRUGS 291 FALSIFICATION OF DRUGS

    MEDICINES. ADULTERATIONS . MODE OF DETECTION .


    A mixture of dried blood, 1
    CASTOREUM . gum ammoniac, and a
    Castor . little real castor, stuf- Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud .
    fed into the scrotum of a
    goat.
    Earth or Peasemcal. May be suspected when the cake is brittle and colour
    grayish .
    CERA FLAVA . Resin . Put it in cold alcohol , which will dissolve the resin , with .
    Yellowo Waz . out acting on the wax .
    Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity and its
    Talloro . smell when melted . Turmeric is generally added in
    this case to obvinte the paleness.
    CERA ALBA . White Lead. . Melt the wax , the oxide will subside .
    IWhite War . Tallow . The cake has not its ordinary translucency .
    CiscHONA .
    Bark . Thiais variously adulter- { Canquantity
    only be detected by practice,we'dit examining into the
    Coccus. Pieces of dough formed in
    Cochineal. moulds, and coloured Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear.
    with cochineal.
    If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped into
    water , its adulteration may be inferred .
    COPAIBA .
    Oil. Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22 °, with three
    Balsam of Copaiva. parts of copaiba. If pure, the mixture will , in a few
    minutes, become transparent ; if not, it will remain
    opaque .
    Fibres of smoked Beef. Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown on live coals.
    Crocus.
    Saffron .
    Petals of the Calendula of Infuse the specimen in hot water, and the difference will
    ficinalis, and Carthamus be percepiible .
    Tinctorius.
    CUBEBA . Turkey Yellow Berries, or
    Cubebs . the dried fruit of the Detected by attentive examination .
    Rhamnus Catharticus .
    CUSPARIE CORTEX . False Angustura sometimes The epidermis of the true Cusparia is characterized by
    Angustura Bark . sold for it. being
    iron .
    covered with a matter resembling the crust of
    Common Resin. Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when thrown
    upon hol coals .
    GUARACI RESINA .
    Resin of Guaiacum . Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre , and di
    Manchineel Gum . lute with water: the guaiacum is precipitated -- the
    adulteration floats in the white striæ .
    IIYDRARGYRI NITRICO Digest in acetic acid ; add sulphuret of ammonia , which
    OXYDUM . Red Lead
    Red Precipitate.
    will produce a dark -coloured precipitate . It should be
    totally volatilized by heat
    A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate of
    potass, from a solution inade by boiling the suspected
    sample with a small portion of inuriate of ammonia in
    distilled water : or, ihe presence of dento -chloride on
    HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIAS .
    Corrosive Sublimate. mercury is indicated , by warming gently a small quan
    Calomel. tity of caloi..el in alcohol, tillering and adding to the
    clear liquor some lime waler, by which a reddish yel
    low precipitate is atlorded . When calomel is rubbed
    with a fixed alkali it ought to become intensely black,
    HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE- Red Lead . and not exhibit any orange lue .
    Digest in acrtic acid , and add sulphuret of ammonia - a
    TUM RUBRUM .
    black precipitate will be produced.
    HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE
    Toory Black Throw a su pecled portion on hot coals - the residuum
    TUM NIGRUM . will detect the fraud .
    lodine .
    The tests of its purity are - that it is perfectly soluble in
    ether. Heated on a piece of glass or porcelain , it sub
    1 limes withoutresiduum .
    JALAPE Radix . B. root is of a paler colour and less compact texture, and
    Jalap Root. { Bryony Root. does not easily burn at the flame of a candle.
    Lime. -
    Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid , afford .
    MAGNESIA . ing a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia .
    Sulphuret of Lime . Gives off, when moistened , the smell of sulphuretted
    hydrogen .
    MAGNESIÆ SUB-CAR- Chalk .
    Delected hy adding dilute sulphuric acid to the suspected
    substance, when , if chalk be present, there will be a
    BONAS . white insoluble precipitate.
    Carbonate of Magnesia . Gypsum . Ş Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a barytic
    and oxalic reagent.
    A fictitious article , consisting of honey or sugar mixed
    co .
    MaxxA . with scammony , is sometimes sold for it ; but the
    Jour, weight, transparency, and taste detect it .
    Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact with nitric
    acid, are coloured ' red ; with per salts of iron, blue.
    MORPHIA ET EJUS They are perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and acidu
    SALES . lated warm water. When morphine is mixed with nar
    Alorphine and its Salts . cotine, the adulteration is ascertained bymixing them
    with sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotine,
    without sensibly affecting the morphine.
    The bag must not appearto have been opened.
    Dried blood. - This may be suspected, if it emits a ferid smoke when in
    MoschUS. tlamed .
    Musk. Asphaltum . Discovered by its melting and running, before it in
    flames .
    Fine particles of Lead . Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside.
    FALTRANCK 292 FARCTURA

    MEDICINES . ADULTERATIONS . MODE OF DETECTION .

    Fired Oils. Touch writing paper with it , and hold it before the fire :
    OLEA DESTILLATA , fixed oil leaves a stain of grease.
    Essential Oils.
    Alcohol. -
    Add water . A milkiness and increase of temperature
    occurs .
    OLEUM RICINI . Olive or Almond or Poppy Alcohol, S. G. .820, will mix with any proportion of cas
    Castor Oil . Oil. lor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of the others.
    Extract of Liquorice, Bul The best opium is covered with leaves and the reddish
    lets, andStones sometimes capsules of a species of Rumex . The inferior kinds have
    in it: Extract of Poppy, capsules adherent. It is bad when soft and friable,
    OPIUM . of the Chelidonium majus, when intensely black or mixed with many impurities,
    G. Arabic , G. Traga and when sweet. The quantity of morphine affords
    canth , Linseed Oil, Cow's the best test .
    Dung.
    PotassNI IODIDUM . The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a solution
    of the salt with nitrate of silver, and treating the preci
    Iodide of Potassium . Chloride of Potassium . pitale with ammonia , which dissolves the chioride
    Potass . HYDRIODAS .
    Hydriodate of Potassa. of silver, without acting upon the iodine of this
    metal.
    QUINIÆ SULPHA3 .
    Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination ; is per
    Sulphate of Quinine.
    fectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in water slightly
    STRYCHNE ET EJUS acidulated with sulphuric acid .
    SALES . Brucine. They are free from brucine when no colour is produced
    Strychnine and its Salts . by contact with nitric acid.
    Zinci OXYDUM . Chalk . Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence .
    Flowers of Zinc. White lead . : Sulphuric acid formsan insoluble sulphate oflead

    FALTRANCK , Falltranck . cerebelli — f. of the Umbilical Vein , Falx, great ,


    FALX, Anatomists have given this name of the Peritoneum .
    to several membranous reflections having the FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, hun .
    shape of a falx or scythe . ger.' Fever accompanied with insatiable hun.
    1. The Falx CER'EBRI, (F.) Faur de cer- ger.- Sylvius,
    veau , Septum Cerebri, Falur major, Vertical su- FAMES, Hunger - f. Bovina, Boulimia - f.
    pe'rior longitu'dinal process, Mediasti'num Canina, Bouliinia .
    cerebri, Repli longitudinal de la méninge , (Ch.,) Fames Lupina, Lycorex'is, auzopešis, Faim
    Proces'sus falciformisdura matris. The great- de Loup. Authors have described, under this
    est process of the dura mater. It extends from name, a kind of Bulimia, (q. v .,) or deprava
    the fore to the hind part of the skull , on the tion of the digestive function, in which the
    median line ; is broad ' behind and narrow be patient eats voraciously, and passes his food,
    fore, and is lodged in the groove, which sepa- almost immediately afterwards, per anum .
    rates the hemispheres fromeach other — the in- FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS
    terlobar fissure. At its superior part is seated TRUM , from fama, ' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.
    the longitudinal sinus, ( superior,) and at its A plaster, extolled in ague, and made of aro
    lower, corresponding to the edge of the scythe , matic, irritating substances . It was applied to
    the inferior longitudinal sinus . Its anterior the wrist.
    extremity is attached to the crista galli ; its FANCY MARK , Nevus.
    posterior is continuous with the tentorium FANG, Radix .
    cerebelli, and contains the straight sinus . FANON, (F.) from ( G.) Fahne, a ban
    2. Falx CEREBEL'LI, (F.) Faux du cervelet, ner, ' ' ensign ,' standard . Fer'ula , Lec'tulus,
    Fala minor, Septum Cerebelli, Septum médian Thor'ulus stramin'eus. A splint of a particular
    du cervelet , (Ch. ,) Proces'sus falciformis Cerc- shape , employed in fractures of the thigh and
    belli, Septum parvum occipitalē, is a triangular leg to keep the bones in contact. B
    process of the dura mater opposite the internal The Fanons were divided into true and false.
    occipital protuberance. Its base is attached to The true consists of a cylinder of straw ,
    the middle of the tentorium, and its top or apex strongly surrounded with a cord or riband, in
    bifurcates, to proceed to the sides of the fora- the centre of which a stick is usually placed to
    men magnum . Its convex surface is towards ensure its solidity. The false consists of a
    the cranium , and its concave in the fissure or thick piece of linen , made flat, like a compress,
    groove, which separates the two lobes of the and folded at the extremities. It was placed
    cerebellum . between the fractured limb and the true fanon .
    3. The GREAT FALX OF THE PERITONEUM , The Drap -fanon is a large piece of common RU
    Falz Peritone'i mat'ima, (F.) Grande faux du cloth placed beneath the fractured limb, and in 16
    peritoine, Fauxde la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of which the fanons or lateral splints are rolled .
    the umbilical vein , is a reflection of the perito- FANTOM OR PHANTOM , from φαντασμα ,
    neum , which ascends from the umbilicus to ' a spectre.' (F.) Phantome, Fantome, Manne
    the anterior and inferior surface of the liver. quin. This word has two acceptations. It
    The Lesser Falces OF THE PERITONE'um , means the spectres and images, which the ima De

    Falces Peritone'i min'imæ, (F.) Petites faux du gination presents to the sick, when asleep or
    péritoine, are thelateral ligaments of the liver awake ; and, also, the figure on which surgeons
    and the reflections, which the peritoneum practise the application of bandages, or the ac
    forms, raised up by the umbilical arteries. coucheur the manual partof midwifery.
    Fax MAJOR, Falx cerebri - f. Minor, Fals ! FARCTU'RA, FARTU'RA , from farcire, to
    FARCY GLANDERS 293 FASCIA

    stuff .' The operation of introducing medicinal Cloquet has called Pelvian . The iliac aponeu
    substances into the cavities of animals , or of rosis covers the iliac and psoas muscles, which
    fruits, which have been previously emptied. it separates from the peritoneum.
    FARCY GLANDERS, See Equinia. Fascia INGUINALIS, Spica.
    FARD , Paint, Fascia LATA . A name given by anatomists
    FARFARA, Tussilago — f. Bechium, Tussi- to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle.
    lago . The Fascia LATA APON EUROSIS, Fascia apo
    FARFARELLA, Tussilago. neuro'tico fem'oris, Crural or Fem'oral Aponeu
    FARINA,Alphiton , Crimnon, Al'eton, Aleu'- rosis, is the mostextensivein the body, and
    ron , Ale'ma, from far, ' corn ,' of which it is envelops all the muscles of the thigh. Above,
    made. Meal or flour. The powder, obtained it is attached to the outer edge of the ilia ; be
    by grinding the seeds of the gramineous, legu- fure, it arises from the crural arch by two dis
    minous, and cucurbitaceous plants in particu- tinct laminæ, separated by the femoral vessels
    lar. It is highly nutritious, and is much used, and becoming confounded a little below the
    dietetically as well as medicinally. part where the great vena saphæna opens into
    Farina AMYGDALARUM. See Amygdala. ihe crural vein . Ofthese two laminæ , the one
    Farina Trit'ıcI, wheaten four; F. Seca'lis, is more anterior and thicker than the other,
    Rye flour or meal ; F. Hordei, Barley meal ; F. and may be considered as a prolongation of the
    Avena'cea, Oat meal, & c . aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti
    FARINÆ RESOLVENTES, (F.) Farines résolu . mately united to Poupart's ligament . The
    tires. This name was formerly given to a mix other, which is thinner , is behind, and deeper
    ture of the farina of four different plants ; the seated ; and, after its union with the former,
    lupine, lupinus albus, the Eroum Ervilia, the proceeds to be inserted into the pubis . Inferi
    Vicia faba and the Barley, Hordcum distichum. orly, the fascia lata becomes confounded with
    They were recommended to form cataplasms. the tendon of the triceps , and is attached to the
    FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'ceus , Farino'sus, Mealy , external tuberosity of the tibia . The use of
    Having the appearance or nature of farina. A the fascia lata is , like that of other aponeuroses,
    term given to all articles of food , which contain to strengthen the action of the muscles , &c.
    farina. The term Farinacea includes all those The Muscle Fascia LATA , Tensor vngi'næ
    substances, called cerealia ,legumina , &c., which fem'oris, Fascialis, Membrano'sus, Ilio aponéd
    contain farina, and are employed as nutriment. rosi-fémoral, Mus'culus aponéuro'sis vel fascia
    In Pathology, the epithet farinaceous, ( F.) fari- latæ, llio -aponévroti-fémoral— (Ch .) Tenseur
    neux , is applied to certain eruptions, in which de l'aponévrose femorale. A muscle , situate at
    the epidermis exfoliates in small particles simi- the upper and outer part of the thigh . It arises,
    lar to farina . above, from the outer part of the anterior and
    FARINARIUM , Alica . superior spine of the ilium ; and is inserted ,
    FARINES RÉSOLUTIVES, Farine resol- below , between the two lamince of the fascia
    ventes. lata , which it stretches and raises when it con
    FARINOSUS , Farinaceous . tracts .
    FART, Sax. fart , from Teut. fahren ,'to go: ' Fascia Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips
    -fart, ' a voyage .' (G.) Furz, ( L. ) bdețlus, -f. Semicircularis . Tenia semicircularis
    Crepitus ( 9. v.), (F.) Pet. A sonorous or other f. Spiralis , Ascia - f. Stellata , Stella.
    discharge of wind from behind. A low word , Fascia SUPERFICIA'lis , Superficial aponcu.
    but of respectable parcntage . ro'sis of the abdo'men and thigh. (F.) Aponéo
    FARTURA , Farctura . rose superficielle de l'abdomen et de la cuisse.
    FAS'CIA, from fascis, “ a bundle .' Liga'- A very thin aponeurosis, which covers the
    tio, Ligatu'ra , Alligatu'ra, Anades'mus, Vin'cula, muscles and aponeuroses of the abdomen ;
    Sparganon, Epidesmos, a bandage, (q. v .),fillet, passes before the crural arch, to which it ad
    roller, ligature, (q. v.) The aponeurotic expan- heres with some degree of force ;sends a mem
    sions of muscles,which bind parts togetherare, branous sheath, which surrounds the spermatic
    likewise , so termed :- Aponeurosis,Perimys'- chord; and is continuouswith the dartos, which
    ium . it assists in forming. The fascia superficialis
    Fascia APONEUROTICA FEmoris, Fascia lata presents , beneath the crural arch , very distinct
    aponeurosis - f. Capitalis , Bonnet d'Hippocrate fibres, whose direction is parallel to the fold of
    -f. Capitis, Diadema - f. Digitalis ,Gantelet - f. the thigh . It is applied over the fascia lata
    Diophthalmica, Binoculus - f. Dividens , Divid- aponeurosis , and is attached, internally, to the
    ing bandage. ascending ramus of the ischium , near the root
    Fascia Iliaca , Il'iac aponeuro'sis. An apon of the corpus cavernosum . Before the descent
    eurosis , which proceeds from the tendon of the of the testicle from the abdomen , the fascia
    psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior superficialis is very manifestly continuous with
    surface of the psoas magnus, when the former the Gubernaculum testis.
    muscle does not exist. It is attached , exter- Fascia TFormis , T. bandage - f. Tortilis,
    nally , to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium ; Tourniquet.
    below , and anteriorly - on one side , to the cru- Fascia TRANSVERSA'lis , an aponeurosis,
    ral arch, sending an expansion to the fascia which separates the transversalis muscle from
    transversalis; and on the other, continuous the peritoneum in the inguinal region. It
    with the deep -seated lamina of the fascia lata, arises about the posterior edge of the crural
    which forms the posterior paries of the crural arch, where it seems to be continuous with the
    canal. Within and behind, thefascia iliaca is aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle.
    attached to the brim of the pelvis and is con- Above, it is lost in the cellular tissue at the in
    tinuous with the aponeurosis, which M. Jules ternal surface of the transversalis abdominis .
    FASCIÆ 294 FEBRIS

    Within , it is continuous with the outer edge of has been given to a reflection of the synovial
    the tendon of the rectus muscle and Gimber- membrane of the knee joint , which passes from
    nat's ligament; below , it is continuous with the the ligamentum patellæ towards the cavity that
    aponeurosis of the greater oblique and receives separates the condyles of the femur.
    an expansion from the Fascia Iliaca . Towards Fatty or Adipous MEMBRANE, or adipous
    its middle and a little above the crural arch , tissue. The subcutaneous cellular tissue, or
    the fascia transversalis has the wide orifice of a that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles,
    canal , which is occupied, in the female, by the (q . v.)
    round ligament of the uterus ; and in man, FATTY or ADIPOUS VESSELS . The vessels
    furnishes an expansion , that serves as a sheath connected with the fat. Some anatomists have
    to the spermatic vessels . called Adipous canals , (F. ) Conduits adipeur,
    FASCIÆ , Swathing clothes. the vessels to which they attribute the secre
    FASCIALIS. Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius. tion of fat.
    FASCIARUM APPLICATIO , Deligation . FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stulti''tia, Slupor
    FASCIATIO, Deligation , see Bandage - f. mentis, Amen'tia ; from fatuus, foolish,
    Cucullata , Courrechef. Mental imbecility. Idiotism , (q. v . ) Dementia,
    FASCICULI TERETES CORDIS, Columnæ ( q. v . )
    carneæ . FAUCES, Pharynx, Throat.
    FASCICULUS, from fascis, ' a bundle ,' FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of
    Desnic'dion , ' a small bundle . ' In Anatomy, it the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the
    is employed in this sense ; as a fasciculus of incubus ; others, epilepsy.
    fibres. (F.) Petit Faisceau, Trousseau. In FAUSSE COUCHE, (F.) Vanum partu'ri
    Pharmacy, it means manipulus, Cheiroplethes, um. Some authors have used this term for the
    ZELDOTAngis, a handful:' - Musa Brassavolus, expulsion of different bodies constituting false **

    says ,-as much as can be held in two fingers. conceptions ; such as nioles, hydatids, clots of
    FASCICULUS CUNEATUS, Reinforcement, fasci- blood , &c. The greater part of accoucheurs
    culus of — f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, use theterm synonymously with abortion .
    F. of. FAUSSE POSITION, (F.) False position.
    FASCINUM , Penis. The French use this term , in vulgar language ,
    FASCIOLA , Bandelette - f. Cinerea, Tuber- to indicate that torpor, and tingling, and loss a

    culum cinereum - f. Hepatica, Distoma hepati- of power over the motion of a part, produced
    cum-f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum - f. Lan- Sion
    by too strong contraction or painful compres
    ceolata Distoma hepaticum
    , . .
    FASELUS , Phaseolus vulgaris . FAUSSE ROUTE , False passage.
    FASTIDIUM CIBI, Disgust. FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI. Fuustinus's Loz' .
    FASTIGIUM , Acme. enges. These were once celebrated. They
    FASTING , from Sax. færtan, Limo'sis er- were composed of burnt paper ,quick - lime, oride Di
    pers protracta , Anorex'ia mirabilis, Ine'dia, Je of arsenic, sundarach ,lentiis, & c.
    ju'nium . Loss or want of appetite , without FAUX, False - f. de Cerveau, Falx cerebri - f.
    any other apparent affection of the stomach ; du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli — f. Grande du péri
    so that the system can sustain almost t tal ab . toine, Falx greatof the peritoneum – f. Petite du
    stinence for a long time without faintness .péritoine, Falx lesser of the peritoneum-f.de
    Some wonderf
    ul cases of this kind are on record. la Veine ombilicale, Falx great of the perito
    See Abstinence . neun .
    FAT, Pinguedo-f. Mackaw , see Cocos buty. FAVEUX, Favosus.
    racea . FAVIFORMIS , Favosus.
    FATTY , Adipo'sus, Sax . fæt ; past parti- FAVOʻSUS. Similar to a honey.comb, Favi.
    ciple of redan ,to feed,-adipous. Relating to forni'is, Farous, from favus, Ce'rion, ' a honey
    fat. The cellular system has been called fatty comb,’ ( F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe. TE
    or adipous ; from an opinion that , in its areolæ, cies of porrigo. Cerion , Favus, means also a
    the fat is deposited . The cellular membrane, state of ulceration , resembling a honey.comb.
    however, merely lodges, between its lamellæ FAVUS, Porrigo favosa , see Favosus.
    and filaments, the vesicles in which the fat is FEATHERFEW , Matricaria.
    contained . FEBRICITANS, Febriens, Enipyros. One B
    Fatty or AD'IPOUS Ves'icles , Sac'culi adi- attacked with fever, from febricitare,. to have
    po'si. This name is given to small bursæ or a fever.'
    membranous vesicles , which inclose the fat and FEBRIC'ULA. Diminutive of febris,fever.
    are found situate in the areole of the cellular A term employed to express a slight degree of
    tissue. These vesicles vary much in size . fever.
    Generally , they are round and globular ; and, FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish.
    in certain subjects, receive vessels which are FEBRICOSUS, Feverish .
    very apparent. They form so many smallsacs , FEB'RIFUGE Lexipyreticus, Pyreticus,
    without apertures, in the interior of which are Alexipyreticus, Antifebri'lis, Antipyret'ić, Febrif'
    filaments , arranged like septa. In fatty sub- ugus, from febris, " a fever,' and fuga're, to
    jects, the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, drive away. A medicine which possesses the
    being attached to the cellular tissue and neigh. property of abating or driving away fever.
    bouring parts by a vascular pedicle . Raspail FE'BRILE , febri'lis. Relating to fever, as
    affirms that there is the most striking analogy febrile movement,febrile pulse, & c .
    between the nature of the adipous granules and FEBRIS , Fever-f. Acmastica, Synocha - f. 1
    that of the amylaceous grains . Acuta, Synocha - f. Adeno-meningea, Fever,
    Adipous or FATTY LIG'AMENT . This name adeno-meningeal — f. Adeno -nervosa, Plague
    FEBRIS 295 FECULENCE

    f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agrypnus fever - f. Minuta , Fever, syncopal - f. Morbillo .
    - f.Alba, Chlorosis - f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, so, Rubeola - f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno-menin
    Hectic fever - f. Amphimerina hectica, Hectie geal -- f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus gravior
    fever - f. Amphimerina latica, Latica (febris)-1 - f. Nephritica, Fever , nephritic — f. Nervosa,
    f. Ampullosa, Pemphigus- f Anabatica, Con. Fever, nervous -f. Nonana, Fever, nonane - f.
    tinued fever - f. Angiotenica, Synocha - f. Angi- Nosocomiorum, Typhus gravior — f. Octana,
    nosa , Angina - f. Annua, see Annual diseases - Fever, octane -- f. Oscitans, Oscitant fever - f.
    f. Anomalus , Fever, anomalous - f. Aphonica, Pemphingodes, Pemphigus -- f. Pemptæa, Quin
    Fever, aphonic - f. Aphthosa, Aphtha - f. Apo- tan -1. Pemphygodes,Pemphigus - 1.Periodica,
    plectica, Fever, apoplectic - f. Ardens, Synocha Fever , periodic - f. Perniciosa , Fever, perni
    —f. Arte promota, Fever , artificial - f. Arthriti- cious — f. Pestilens , Plague - f. Pestilens malig
    ca,Gout - f. Asodes, Fever, bilious, see Asodes na , Typhus gravior - f. Pestilentialis,Fever, pes.
    --f. Assidua, Continned Fever - f. Asthenica, tilential - f. Petechialis, Typhus gravior - f.
    Fever, asthenic-f. Asthmatica, Fever , asthma- Pleuritica, Pleuritis --f. Polycholica, Fever, bi
    tic-f. Ataxo-adynamica, Fever, ataxo-adyna- lious-f. Puerperarum , Puerperal fever - f.
    mic - f. Biliosa, Fever,bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem . Puncticularis, Miliary fever , Typhus gravior
    phigus — f.Cardialgia - Fever , cardialgic - f.Ca. f . Puerperalis, Fever, puerperal — f. Purpurate
    tarrhalis, Catarrh — f. Causodes, Synocha - f. rubra et alba miliaris, Miliary fever - f. Puru
    Cephalalgica , Fever, cephalalgic - f. Cholerica , lenta , Fever, purulent - f. Putrida, Typhus gra
    Fever, bilious, Fever, choleric - f. Chronica, vior - f. Putrida nervosa, Typhus mitior - f.
    Fever, chronic - f. Colliquativa, Fever, colli- Quartana, Quartan — f.Querquera, see Algidus
    quative - f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplectic - f. -f. Quinta,Quintan --f. Quintana,Fever,quin
    Communicans, see Subintrantes F.-f. Conti- tan, Quintan - f. Quotidiana, Fever, quotidian,
    nens, Synocha - f. Continens non putrida, Sy- Quotidian - f. Regularis, Fever,regular - f. Re
    nocha - f. Continens putrida , Synochus--f. mittens, Remittent fever - f. Rheumatica in
    Continua inflammatoria, Empresma - f. Con- flammatoria , Rheumatism , acute - f. Rubra,
    tinua putrida, Synochus - f. Continua putrida Scarlatina — f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urticaria - f.
    icterodes Caroliniensis, Fever, yellow- f. Con- Sanguinea, Synocha - f. Sapropyra , Typhus
    tinua non putris, Synocha - f. Continua san- gravior — f. Scarlatinosa , Scarlatina - f. Scorbu
    guinea, Synocha-f. Convulsiva, Fever ,convul. tica, Fever, scorbutic - f. Septana, Fever, sep
    sive - f. Čulicularis, Miliary fever -- f. cum De- tan — f. Sesquialtera, Hemitritæa - f. Sextana,
    lirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria , Fever, Fever, sextan - f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever,
    depuratory - f. Deurens, Synocha-f. Diapho- simple - f. Singultosa , Fever,singultous — f. So
    retica, Fever diaphoretic - f. Diaria, Ephemera porosa, Fever,apoplectic - f.Stercoralis, Fever,
    -f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane - f. stercoral- f. Sthenica, Synocha - f. Stomachica
    Dysenterica, Dysentery-f. Elodes, see Elodes inflammatoria, Gastritis - f. Subintrans , Fever,
    -7. Elodes icterodes, Fever, yellow — f. Entero- subintrant - f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic,
    mesenterica , see Entero -mesenteric - f. Epac. Sudor anglicus - f. Syncopalis,Fever, syncopal
    mastica, see Epacmasticos — f. Ephemera , Ephe- - f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic - f. Tabida,
    mera — f. Epidemica cum anginà, Cynanchema- Fever, colliquative , Hectic fever - f. Tertiana,
    ligna - f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic - f. Eroti . Fever, tertian, Tertian fever - f. Tonica, Syno
    ca, Fever, erotic - f. Erratica, Fever, anomalous, cha -f. Topica, Neuralgia facial— f.Toxica, Fe
    Fever, erratic - f. Erysipelacea, Erysipelas — f ver , yellow-f. Tragica, Fever, tragic - f. Trau
    Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas — f. Esserosa , Miliary matica, Fever, traumatic—f. Tropica, Fever,
    fever — f. Flava, Fever, yellow - f. Gangræ- yellow - f. Typhodes, Typhus - f. Urticata, Ur
    nodes , Fever, gangrenous - f. Gastrica , Fever, iicaria - f. Uterina, Metritis -- f. Vaga , Fever,
    bilious, Fever, gastric - f. Gastro -adynamica, anomalous - f. Variolosa, Variola -- f. Vermino
    Fever, gastro-adynamic - f. Hæmoptoica, Fe- sa , Fever, verminous - f. Vernalis, Fever, ver
    ver, Hæmoptoic — f. Hectica , Hectic fever - f. nal -- f. Vesicularis, Miliary fever, Pemphigus.
    Hectica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior - f. FÉCONDATION , Fecundation.
    Hepatica, Fever, bilious - f. Hepatica inflamma FÉCONDITE , Fecundity.
    toria, Hepatitis-f. Horrifica, see Algidus - f.
    Humoralis, Fever , humoral - f. Hungarica, Fe- FEC'ULA or FÆCULA, diminutive of fæx,
    ver, Hungaric , f. Hydrocephalica , Hydroce. ' lie .' An immediate principle of vegetables,
    phalus internus-f. Hydrophobica, Fever, hy: composed of hydrogen ,oxygen,and carbon . It
    drophobic - f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric-f. exists in several plants, and hasdifferent names,
    Icterica, Fever, icteric - f. Iliaca inflammato according to that which furnishes it . When
    ria , Enteritis - f. Inflammatoria, Synocha -- f extracted from wheat or barley it is called starch ,
    Intermittens, Intermittent fever - f. Intestinalis Am’ylum, (q. v.) When from the Cycas circi
    ulcerosa, see Typhus — f. Intestinorum , Enteri- na'lis, Sago ;-from the Orchis morio,Šalep . We
    tis – f. Irregularis, Fever, anomalous - f. Lactea, say , also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony , Arum ,
    Fever, milk - f. Larvata, Fever, masked - f. Manioc, & c.
    Lenta , Hectic fever, Synochus-f. Lenta ner- GREEN Fecula. This name is given to a
    vosa, Typhus mitior, Fever,nervous -- f. Lethar- green , solid matter of variable character , which
    gica, Fever, apoplectic — f. Lochialis, Fever, lo- is believed to be resinous, and which renders
    chial— f. Lyngodes , Lyngodes febris — f. Malig. turbid several kinds of juices, extracted from
    na, Fever,malignant- f. Maligna biliosa Aine vegetables. It is, also, called Chlorophylle.
    ricæ, Fever, yellow - f. Maligna flava Indiæ Fecula AMYLACEA, Amylum - f. ' Marantæ,
    occidentalis, Fever, yellow - f. Marasmodes, Arrow root - f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot .
    Hectic fever - f.Mesenterica , Fever, adeno-me- FEC'ULENCE , Fæculen'tia ,Fæcos'itas, Far,
    ningeal, Fever, mesenteric — f. Miliaris, Miliary Fæces, Lee, Deposit, Dregs. In Pharmacy,
    FECULENT 296 FEIGNED DISEASES

    feculent, albuminous , or other substances,which It has been estimated that , throughout a


    are deposited from turbid fluids, are so termed. country, taking one marriage with another,not
    FECULENT, Fæculen'tus, Trygo'des, · Foul, more than 4 children are the result ; and in
    dreggy, excrementitious ;' as a foc'ulent flu'id, towns only 35 children to 10 marriages.
    feculent eracua'tions, &c. FEIGN’ED DISEASES, Sim'ulated diseases,
    FECUNDATION , Fæcunda'tio, Impregna- Pretended diseases, (F.) Maladies Dissimulées,
    tion , Impregnatio, Cye'sis, Encye'sis, Encymosia, M. simulées, M. Feintes, M. supposées. The tricks
    (F.) Fécondation. The act by which , in orga- employed,by impostors, to induce a belief, that
    nized beings, the germ , contained in the gene- they are attacked with diseases when they are
    rative organs of the female, receives from the not.
    male organs that which is necessary for its de- These are generally assumed by beggars to
    velopment. obtain alms; by criminals, to escape punish
    FECUN'DITY, Fæcun'ditas, (F.) Fécondité. ment; and by soldiers . to be exemptfrom duty .
    The faculty of reproduction, possessed by or- The following Table exhibits the chief feigned
    ganized bodies. diseases , with the means of detection .

    A TABLE OF FEIGNED , PRETENDED, SIMULATED , OR EXCITED DISEASES OR


    DISQUALIFICATIONS.

    DISEASES , &c . How FEIGNED . How DeTECTED .

    1. ABORTION.
    borrowed blood .
    2. ABSTINENCE . By constant and minute attention .
    Amaurosis is characterized by dilated
    3. AMAUROTIC BLIND ) By applying the extract of belladonna or pupil. Where these substances have
    NESS . the datura stramonium to the eye. been applied , the effects will go off in
    ten days or a fortnight .
    4. APOPLEXY. By falling down as if deprived of sensa Byapplication
    powerful stimulants; an electric shock ;
    of hot water , aternutatories,
    tion and consciousness . actual cautery , & c .
    Using substances to make the face appear ( By examining if the pulse be strong, and
    5. CACHEXIA , ANÆMIA pale and livid . Indulging freely in the skin hol, and whether there be loss
    AND DEBILITY. of appetite or of strength , or swelling of
    wine, and privation of sleep prior to ex
    amination . the limbs .
    By the aid of chymistry . We are ac
    6. EXCRETION OF CAL Putting sand, pebbles, &c. into the urine. quainted with the chymical composition
    CULI. ofurinary calculi.
    By gluing on a portion of a spleen with By noticing whether there be signs of
    7. CANCEROUS ULCER . the smooth side to the skin , leaving on
    the outside the appearance of an ulce cachexia, and by attentive examination
    rated surface .
    of the part.
    By powerful stimulants as recommended
    By seeming to be suddenly motionless, under apoplexy. Letting fall a drop of
    8. CATALEPSY . the joints remaining flexible and exter- boiling water on the back . Proposing
    nal objects making no impression . to use the actual cautery and seeing
    whether the pulse rise .
    By examining the patient whilst he may
    9. CHOREA .
    By assuming the convulsive motions of a imagine himself unobserved , and seeing
    part which characterize chorea. whether the convulsive motions go on
    then .

    10. CONTRACTION OF Mode of discrimination sometimes so ob


    JOINTS IN GENERAL . scure as to deceive the most practised
    and attentive .
    Introduce a cord beiween the fingers and
    the palm of the hand , and gradually ap
    11. CONTRACTION OF THE ply weights so as to expand the fingers .
    FINGERS . Confine him so that he cannot obtain
    his food without using his clenched
    hand .
    When ſeigned , they do not present the
    rigidity of muscles or the rapidity or ac
    112. CONVULSIONS . tion which characterize the real . The
    mode of detection must be the same as
    in epilepsy.
    Produced by the application of a strong ) The existence of the opacity can be de
    13. OPAQUE CORNEA . acid , by acrid powders, as quicklime,
    & c. tected by attentive observation .
    Some articles of diet will bring on urti.
    caria or nettle rash , in particular indi .
    viduals , as shellfish, bitter almonds,
    & c. By acrids, acids, or any irritants ) By careful examination on the part of
    14. CUTANEOUS DISEASES . applied to the surface. An ointment of practitioner and nurse .
    tartarized antimony causes a painful
    pustular eruption . See Porrigo, in this
    list .
    Some persons possess the power of sus- If suspected , the plan , recommended un
    15. DEATH . pending or moderating the action of the der Apoplexy, will be found most effica
    heart cious .
    The really deaf and dumb acquire an ex 3
    16. Dear-DUMBNESS . pression of countenance and gestures
    which it is difficult to assume.
    FEIGNED DISEASES 297 FEIGNED DISEASES

    DISEASES, &c. How FEIGNED . How DETECTED .


    Make a noise when not expected , and see
    if the countenance varies or pulse rises
    It may be assumed or excited by putting a Put to sleep by opium , and then fire a
    17. DEAFNESS . pea in the ear, or by inserting irritants ,
    so as to induce inflammation and tem pistol close to the ear , when he may be
    porary loss of function . thrown off his guard . Examine the ear
    to see if any trick has been played
    there .
    18. DEBILITY, see
    CACHEXIA .
    Examine the part and its articulation ,
    19. DEFORMITY . naked , and compare it with the oppo
    site.
    After enlargement produced artificially , a Can only be positively detected by exami .
    nation , par vaginam . Soon after deli
    subsidence of the tumefaction ; the parts very, the vagina will be relaxed and the
    20. DELIVERY . being moistened by borrowed blood and
    the child of another substituted as the lochial discharge be flowing-in greater
    female's own . abundance the shorter the time, that
    may have elapsed since delivery .
    When diarrhæa is feigned by the lower
    classes , inspect the linen ; if clean , the
    Said to have been caused by a mixture of bowels are probably not much out of
    21. DIARRHEA vinegar and burnt cork . (2) May be oc- order. Let every individual have a
    casioned by the use of any of the purga- close stool of his own ; and inspect the
    tive roots , & c . evacuations , taking care that one suf
    fering under the disease does not lend
    his evacuations to another.
    May feigned
    ingbepads. The, like pregnancy
    anasarco , by wear.
    us condition of Can be detected by attentive examination .
    22. DROPSY . the lower limbs has been caused by ap There will be a want of that leuco
    plying a ligature round them . By in phlegmatic habit, which accompanies
    flating the cellular membrane of the ab . and characterizes dropsy.
    domen .
    May be feigned like diarrhæa, by adding
    23. DYSENTERY . a little blood to the evacuations, or by Same rules as under Diarrhæa .
    introducing a soap or some more irri
    tating suppository .
    Sensation in E. is totally abolished . If
    The foaming of the mouth has been pro any remain , disease probably feigned .
    24. EPILEPSY . Incontractility of pupil, which occurs
    duced by keeping a piece of soap in it . in epilepsy , cannot be feigned . Same
    means to be used as in ſeigned apoplexy.
    The deceit is generally developed by a day
    By various stimulants , as wine, brandy , or two's examination . Where fiour or
    pepper ; swallowing a small quantity of chalk has been used to whiten the
    25. FEVER tobacco, or introducing it into the anus.
    Flour or chalk used to whiten the tongue, the line of demarcation, between
    the whitened part and the clean , healthy
    tongue. Redness of skin , caused by margin of the tongue , is too well mark
    friction with a liard brush .
    ed to escape observation.
    By making an incision near the verge of
    26. FISTULA IN ANO. the anus and introducing into it an By careful examination .
    acrid tent, such as the root of white hel
    lebore, & c .
    Generally nothing, here , but the man's
    27. FRACTURES . own testimony. He complains of pain
    in the part ; if fracture of the skull be > By attentive examination .
    ſeigned, he states, perhaps, that he be
    comes deranged on tasting liquor.
    28. HÆMATEME is . By drinking the blood of some animal or By cutting off the supply of the fluid , and
    using some coloured liquid and then $ carefulexamination .
    throwing it up .
    By secreting bullock's blood for the pur- ( Blood from the lungs is frothy and light
    29. HEMOPTYSIS . pose of colouring the saliva ; making coloured . Mouth and ſauces must be
    small incisions in the mouth ; using carefully inspected , and the individual
    bole armeniac or paint of vermilion . be observed .
    30. HÆMORRHOIDS . Bysmall
    introducing
    fish partlybladders of rats. or of
    into the rectum The means are obvious.
    The linen has also been stained with
    borrowed blood .
    31. HEART, DISEASES OF ,
    see PALPITATION ,
    Unless the person be a well educated im
    postor, acute inflammation of the liver
    will be detected by the absence of
    32. HEPATITIS . marks of strong inflammatory action .
    Chronic liver disease is, frequently, not
    characterized by well marked symp
    toms, and hence, when assumed , is
    difficult of detection.
    33. HERNIA In the same manner as hydrocele. By in The detection is easy .
    flation .
    34. HYDROCELE. By puncturing the skin of the scrotum , Do.
    and inflating the cellular membrane .
    35. HYDROCEPHALUS. By opening the integuments of the head ,
    near the vertex , e . g. and blowing in No.
    air .

    38
    FEIGNED DISEASES 298 FEIGNED DISEASES

    DISEASES , & c . How FEIGNED . How DETECTED .

    36. HYSTERIA .
    | strong sternutatories to the nostrils. At
    tentive examination necessary .
    The expression of countenance cannot
    easily be feigned . Nor can the affection
    37. INSANITY . be kept up so long as in real mental
    The individual cannot do
    alienation .
    so long without food, sleep, & c .
    . By colouring the skin with an infusion of The eyes cannot be coloured , although
    turmeric or tincture of rhubarb . Clay smoke has been used for this purpose .
    coloured stools produced by taking daily The skin must be washed to remove
    38. JAUNDICE . a small quantity of muriatic acid . High- the colouring matter , if any exist , and
    coloured urine by rhubarb taken inter- the supply of acid and rhubarb be pre
    vented .
    nally .
    By two persons taking hold of the indivi .
    dual and moving rapidly along with
    39. LAMENESS .
    By keeping the limb in a contracted state, him ; and when they are tired , having
    and resisting any efforts to move it . relays. The impostor will generally
    give in .
    40. MENSTRUATION ,
    staining the clothes and body with By cutting off the supply.
    Byborrowed blood .
    Present an open book , and apply the leaves
    close to the nose . If it cannot be read
    41. MYOPIA. distinctly, when thus placed, or when
    Short-sightedness . glasses, proper for short-sightedness are
    used, the disease is feigned .
    Excited by a variety of acrid and corro
    sive substances applied to the eye ; as When ophthaimia is thus excited, its pro
    lime, &c .
    42. OPHTHALMIA . A portion of black muslin , spread over the gress is, ordinarily , very rapid , arriving
    cornea. The eyelashes are sometimes at its height within a few hours .
    extracted, and caustic applied to excite
    disease in the palpebræ .
    By impregnating a piece of sponge with
    some offensive juices or oils, mixed with
    43. OZANA decayed cheese, and putting the imbued
    sponge into the nostrils.
    White hellebore, given in the dose of 10
    44. PALPITATION . or 12grains, and repeated ,will occasion Cut off the supply .
    general indisposition , and undue action
    of the heart.
    The detection is here often difficult. The
    non -existevce of pain cannot be proved ,
    and great pain may be present without
    any appearance externally.
    45. PAINS. The imposition is more frequently de
    tected by inconsistencies and contradic
    tions in the patient's history of the case,
    than in any other manner.
    May be suspected, if the person be in an
    ordinary state of vigour. Try violeut
    46. SHAKING PALSY. remedies and means, recommended
    under Chorea .
    Violent remedies are here required . Cold
    47. PARALYSIS . affusion , actual cautery , electric shocks,
    &c .
    Individuals with long necks and contract
    ed shoulders have simulated phthisis ,by By attentive examination of the symp
    48. PHTHISIS PULMONALIS. covering the chest with blisters , cica toms .
    trices of issues, & c .; and by taking
    drugs , which cause paleness .
    By introducing the testicle of a young
    49. POLYPUS NASI . cock or the kidney of a rabbit into the
    nostril, and retaining it there by means
    of a sponge, fastened to it.
    By applying nitric acid to the head, after
    protecting the face with fatty substances;
    50. PORRIGO. but the chronic state is imitated by the
    Scalled Head. use of depilatories of different kinds ap
    plied sometimes in patches, so as to re
    semble the Porsigo decalvans.
    By wearing pads, and assuming the long Byofthe absence ofthe areola ; the presenco
    51. PREGNANCY. a pad ; and , if necessary, by examina
    ing after particular articles of diet, &c. tion per vaginam .
    By a portion of the intestine of the ox, in
    62. PROLAPSUS ANI . wbich a sponge , filled with a mixture of
    blood and milk is placed .
    53. PROLAPSUS UTERI. By a similar ſraud.
    54. POLSE,WEAKNES OR Byligatures applied to the corresponding Bytwo
    examiningwhether the arteries of the
    arms beat aliko; and if a ligature be
    arm .
    placed on the arm .
    55. CHRONIC RHEUMA
    TISM .
    Soe Pain
    FEL 299 FEMUR

    DISEASES, &c . How FEIGNED . How DETECTED .


    By examining the general habit and ob
    56. SCROFULA . By exciting ulcers below the angles of the serving, whether the ulcerations be glan
    jaw . dular, and the discharge of a scrofu
    lous character .
    57. SCURVY .
    By covering the teeth with wax , and then ( By examining the general habit ; whether
    applying acrid , corrosive substances to debilitated , cachectic, and possessing
    the gums. the usual general signs of scorbutus.
    Simulators of this defect generally state ,
    that it is connate , or ascribe it to a fit of
    apoplexy or severe fever. Where the
    organs of speech were perfect, and the
    53. STAMMERING . moral evidence of the previous existence
    of the infirmity was not satisfactory , the
    French authorities used to confine the
    soldiers, and not supply them with food ,
    until they called for it without stam
    mering
    59. STRICTURE OF THE
    URETHRA . By passing the bougie.
    60. SWELLING OF THE
    LEGS. By ligatures round the thighs. Examine the limbs uncovered .
    Ligatures are sometimes nised to prevent By using sternutatories. By the absence
    161. SYNCOPE . of soine of the symptoms of syncope.
    the pulse being felt . By applying lotions Exanıine the naked arms. the
    Wash
    to the face to make it pale . face .
    Persons have possessed the power of swal
    62. TYMPANY. lowing air, so as to distend the stomach ,
    and simulate tympany .
    By introducing a tent, imbued with blis .
    tering plaster, into the ear, and repeating
    the application , until the tube becomes
    ulcerated , and a discharge of puriform
    63. ULCER OF THE EAR . matter is established . The fetid smell By careful examination .
    is imitated , by dropping into the ear a
    mixture of empyreumatic oil , asafetida
    and old cheese . Also , by introducing a
    little honey into the meatus.
    By corrosives, or irritants. Sometimes by [ Artificial vlcers have, usually, a more dis
    64. ULCERS OF THE
    abrasion , by rubbing sand on the shin- tinct margin , and are more readily
    bone. At others , they are pretended , by healed than others ; the latter being ge
    LEGS, &c . gluing on a piece of a spleen or the skin neraliy indicative of an impaired con .
    of a frog. stitution .
    Thefruit of theIndian Fig (Cactus opuntia) ( Bymaking thepatientpass his urine in
    colours the urine as red as blood . Can . the presence of the physician , and exa.
    65. BLOODY URINE. mining the vessel before and after. By
    tharides will cause it . Blood may also cutting off the supply of any substance ,
    be procured and mixed with the urine. which could cause the appearance .
    Difficult, at times, of detection . Give the
    person a full dose of opium , and intro.
    66 INCONTINENCE OF duce the catheter, when he is asleep .
    URINE . If there be urine , the incontinence is
    feigued.
    By a ligature , placed tightly round the
    67. VARICOSE VEINS . limb . They inay be excited in this man- By examining the limb.
    ner, or aggravated if already existing.

    FEL , Bile — f. Anguillæ, see Bile -- f. Bovis, FEM'ORO - TIB'IAL, Femoro- tibia'lis. Be.
    see Bile - f. Naturæ , Aloes - f.Tauri, see Bile longing to the femur and tibia. The Femoro
    f. Ursi , see Bile - f. Vitri , see Vitrum. tibial articulation is the knee-joint.
    FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO , Icterus --- f. Super- FEMUR , Meros, Os fem'oris. The thigh
    fusio, Icterus - f. Suffusio, Icterus. Bone. ( F. ) L'os de la Cuisse. The strongest
    FELON, and longest of all the bones of the body, ex
    FÉLURÉ Paronychia.
    DE ĞLASER, Fissure, glenoid. tending from the pelvis to the tibia , and form
    FELWORT, Gentiana lutea. ing the solid part of the thigh . The femur is
    FEMALE, (F.) Femelle, Fem'ina , Gynē. In cylindrical, slightly curved anteriorly, unsym
    animals, the one that engenders and bears the metrical and oblique downwards and inwards.
    young. It is, also, used adjectively ;-as, the The body of the bone is prismatic, and has,
    Female sex , &c . behind , a prominent ridge :-- the Linea aspera.
    FEMELLE, Female . Upper or
    Head supported on a col
    jum or neck .
    FEMEN , Thigh . Pelvic Great trochanter .
    FEMINA , Female. Extremity. Lesser trochanter .
    FEMME EN COUCHE, Puerpera. PROCESSES .
    FEM'ORAL , Femora'lis. Belonging or re External condyle.
    Inferior or Internal condyle .
    lating to the thigh ; as Femoral artery, Femoral Tibial
    External tuberosity.
    hernia , & c ., from femur, ' the thigh bone. ' Extremity. Internal tuberosity.
    FEMORALIS ,Triceps cruris.
    FÉMORO-CALCANIEN PETIT, Plantar The femur ossifies from five points :-one on
    muscle -- f. Popliteal, great, Sciatic nerve , each process of the pelvic extremity ; one in
    great - f. Popliti-tibial, Poplitæus muscle. the body of the bone ; and two on the condyles,
    FENESTRA 300 FERRI ET AMMONIÆ MURIAS

    Itis articulated with the pelvis, tibia , and pa- fer'reum . Any surgical instrument, made of
    tella. See Thigh . iron. By the vulgar, in France, the word fer
    FÉMUR COL DU , Collum femoris - f. Mo- rements means the instruments used in difficult
    ventium septimus , Iliacus internus-- f. Moyen- labours.
    tium sextus , Psoas magnus . FERRARIA , Scrophularia aquatica.
    FENESTRA. A Window . ( F.) Fenêtre . FERREIN , CANAL OF, Ducius Ferreini. A
    Anatomists have given this name to two aper- triangular channel , which Ferrein supposed to
    tures, situate on the inner paries of the cavity result from the approximation of the free edges
    of the tympanum . The one of these is the of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye ;
    Fenestra' obu'lis, F. vestibula'ris. It is oval- and which he considered adapted for directing
    shaped ; situate at the base of the stapes, and the tears towards the puncta lachrymalia ,
    correspondsis with the cavity of the vestibule . during sleep. The canal is, probably, imagi
    The other the Fenes'tra rotun'da or F. Coch- nary .
    lea'ris. It is closed by a fine, transparentmem- The same name is, likewise, given to the
    brane, called Membra'na Tym'pani secun'daria, cortical canals,- the first portions of the urini
    and corresponds to the inner scala of the ferous ducts, whilst still in the cortical sub
    cochlea. stance of the kidney.
    Fenestra Oculi, Pupil . FERREIN , PYR'AMID OF , Pyr' amis Ferrei'nii .
    FENES'TRAL , Fenestra'tus, from fenestra, Each of the papillæ of the kidney, according
    a window. ' (F.) Fenêtré et Fenestré. Ban- to Ferrein , consists of, at least, 700 subordi
    dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo- nate cones or pyramids. To these last the
    rations or openings, are so called. The open- name, ' pyramids of Ferrein ' has been given .
    ings prevent the detention of the discharge.
    FENESTRATUS Fenestral.
    FERRI ET AMMONIÆ MURIAS, Fer
    , rum ammoniatum - f. Borussias, Prussian blue
    FENESTRÉ, Fenestral. -f. Carbonas, F. subcarbonas - f. Carbonatum ,
    FENÊTRE, Fenestra. Graphites — f. Carburetum, Graphites — f. Cy
    FENETRÉ, Fenestral . anuretum , Prussian blue - f. Deulocarbonas
    FENNEL, Anethum - f. Flower, Nigella — f. fuscus, F. subcarbonas— f. Deutoxydum ni
    Hog's Peucedanum - f. Sweet, Anethum — f. grum, Æthiops martial — f. Ferrocyanas, Prus
    Water, Phellandrium aquaticum . - f.
    sian blue - f. Hydrocyanas, Prussian blue
    FENOUIL, Anethum - f. d'Eau, Phellan- Hypercarburetum, Graphites — f. Iodidum, see
    drium aquaticum - f. Marin, Crithmum mariti. Iodine.
    mum - f. de Porc, Peucedanum - f. Puant, FERRI LIMATU'RA PURIFICA'TA, Purified
    Anethum graveolens. Iron Filings : -- purified by means of the mag.
    FENTE, Fissure - f. Capillaire, see Pilatio— net, for internal use. The filings are, also ,
    f. Glénoidale, Fissure, glenoid - f. Orbitaire, called Ferri Scobs, F. Ramen'tu et Pila , Martis
    Orbitar fissure — f. Orbitaire inférieure, Spheno. Limatu'ra, Speculum In'dicum , Ferri in pul
    maxillary fissure — f.Sphéno-murillaire,Spheno. terem resolu'tio, ( F.) Limaille de Fer. They
    maxillary fissure - f. Sphénoidale, Sphenoidal are considered to possess the general properties
    fissure . of iron :—the iron becoming oxidized.
    FÉNUGREC, Trigonella fænum . FERRi Osydum Fuscum , F.subcarbonas.
    FER, Ferrum - f . Chaud, Pyrosis — f. Hy. FERRI LACTAS , Lactate of Iron , Lactate of
    drate de tritoxide de, Ætites — f. lodure de, see Proloxide of Iron , ( F.) Lactate de Fer . Pre
    Iodine f. Lactate de, Ferri Lactas — f. Limaille pared by digesting in a sand bath, at a low
    de, Ferri limatura. temperature , lactic acid diluted with iron
    FERINE, Ferinus; ' savage , brutal ;' The filings . It is employed in the same cases as
    rid des. A term , applied to any malignant or the precipitated subcarbonate of iron , and espe
    noxious disease . In France, it is used only cially in chlorosis . Twelve grains of the lac.
    when joined to Tour; Tour férine, a dry , ob- tate may be given in the 24 hours, in the form
    stinate, and painful cough . of lozenges.
    FERMENT , Fermentum , Zymē, Zymo'ma, Ferri Oxydum Nigrum , Oxydum ferri ni
    Leven, (F.) Lévain. The latrochymists applied grum - f. Oxidum rubrum , Colcothar — f. Pila,
    this name to imaginary substances, to which ř. limatura — f. et Potassæ tartras, Ferrum tar
    they attributed the power of producing diseases, tarizatum .
    by exciting a fermentation in the humours . FERRI PROTOCARBONAS , Protocarbonate of
    FERMENTA’TION, Fermenta'tio , Zymo'sis, Iron. The protocarbonate of iron, thrown down
    Æstua'tio, Causis, Brasmos. An intestine from a solution of the sulphate of iron by the
    movement, occurring spontaneously in a liquid ; carbonate of soda readily attracts oxygen and
    whence result certain substances, that did nc ' becomes converted into the sesquioxide. To
    previously exist in it. prevent this , it may be associated with honey
    The chemical physicians attributed all dis- and sugar , and the mixture be reduced by eva
    eases to an imaginary fermentation of the hu- poration to a pilular consistence. The mass con
    mours .
    stitutes the Ferruginous Pills — Pilules ferrugi.
    FERMENTATION , PUTREFACTIVE , Putrefac. neuses, of Vallet - Vallet's Pills.
    tion .
    FERMENTUM CEREVISIÆ , Yest. The protocarbonate is given in the same dis
    eases as the lactate of iron . Ten or fifteen
    1 FERN , FEMALE, Pteris aquilina -- f. Male, grains in the course of the twenty - four
    Polypodium filixmas . hours.
    FERNAMBUCO WOOD , Cæsalpinia sap . FERRI PROTOSULPHAS Viridis , F. sulphas - f.
    i pan . Prussias, Prussian_blue - f. Ramenta , F. lima
    FERRAMENTUM , Siderion , Instrumen'tum tura -- f. 'Rubigo , F. subcarbonas-- f. Scobs, F.
    FERRICUS HYDRAS 301 FEVER

    limatura - f. Sesquioxidum, F. subcarbonas From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide


    præcipitatus. would seem to be more than sufficient to con
    FERRI SUBCAR'BONAS, F. Car'bonas, F. præ- vert 1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt
    cipita'tum ,(This
    Chalybis Rubi'go præpara'ta, Ferri ofiron. OXYDULATUM HYDROCYANICUM ,
    Rubigo. last term , as well as Ferru'go, FERRUM
    is applied to the subcarbonate or rust, formed Prussian blue - f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum - f.
    by the action of moist air on metallic iron .) A Præcipitatum, Ferri subcarbonas.
    protoxide of iron , oxidized by the decomposi- FERRUM TARTARIZA'TUM , Tartras Potas'sæ
    tion of water ; the carbonic acid being attracted et Ferri, Tar'tarum Ferri, Tar'tarus chalybea'.
    from the air. Dose , gr. v to 3ss . tus, Mars solu'bilis, Tartras Kalicofer'ricus,
    The Ferri Subcarbonas is precipitated from Chalybs tartarizu'tus, Tartarus martia'lis, Tar
    sulphate of iron by subcarbonate of soda. tras Potas'sa ferrugino'sus, Ferrum potabile,
    ( Pharm. L.) It is, also, called Ferri sesqui- Globus martia'lis, (F.) Boule de Mars,Boule de
    oridum , Ox'idum ferri fuscum , Deuto-cur'bonus Nancy, B. de Molsheim , B. d'Acier, Globuli
    Ferri fuscus, Crocus martis ape'riens, (F.) Saf- Tar'tari martia'lesseu martia'les solu'ti, seu
    ran de Mars apéritif. martia'ti, seu tartratis ferri et liriv'iæ , Boli
    FERRI SULPhas, Sal Martis, Vilriolum Mar- Martis, Pyri martia'les , Tar'tarized Iron, Tar
    tis, Vitriolum Ferri , Ferrum Vitriola'tum , Sul- trate of Potass und Iron , ( Ferri fbj, potass. su
    phas vel Protosulphas Ferri vir'idis, Calcudi'num , pertart. Ibij , aquæ tbj. Rub them together,and
    Calcator, Calcotar, Chalcan'thum , Calcite'a , expose to the air, in a flat glass vessel , for 8
    Atramen'tum sutonium , Vitriol, Vitriolum vi- days: then dry, and reduce to a fine powder .
    ride, An'ima Hepatis, Sulphate of Iron, Green Add a pint of water to the powder, and put it
    Vitriol, Copperas. This salt is inodorous, and aside for 8 days: dry and pulverize. ) It is one
    of a strong styptic taste. The crystals are light- of themildest of the salts of iron, and not un
    green, transparent, rhomboidal; and soluble in palatable, Dose , gr. x to zss.
    two parts of water. It is tonic and anthelmin- The Tinctu'RA MARTIS APERITI'va , Tinc
    tic . Dose, gr . j to vj and more . ture of Ludwig ; Alcohol cum sulphate Ferri
    FERRI SULPHAS CALCINATUM, Colcothar-f. tartarisa'tus ; Tinctura Martis Glauberi, is es
    Tartarum , Ferrum tartarizatum - f. Tritoxy- sentially, an aqueous solution of this salt ;
    dum , Colcothar. which is, also , called Eau de Boule, and is used
    FERRICUS HYDRAS, Ferrum oxydum in contusions.
    hydratum . Helvetics's Styptic was composed of the
    FERRUGINEUS, Chalybeate. filings of iron and tartar , mixed to a proper
    FERRUGINOSUS , Chaly beate . consistence with French brandy . It was called
    FERRUM , Mars, Side'ros, odnoos, Iron. ( F. ) in England Eulon's Styptic ; but this is now
    Fer. A metal of a bluish -gray colour ; fibrous formed of Sulphate of Iron .
    texture ; brilliant and fine - grained fracture . FERRUM VITRIOLATUM , Ferri sulphas - f.
    Specific gravity 7.600 to 7.800 : hard, ductile, Vitriolatum ustum , Colcothar - f. Zooticum,
    Prussian blue .
    malleable, and magnetic .
    The medicinal virtues of iron are tonic ; FERULA , Fanon, Palette, Splint-f. Afri
    producing fetid eructations, when it takes cana, Bubon galbanum -- f. Asafætida, see Asa
    effect, owing to its meeting with acid in the fætida-f. Persica, see Sagapenum .
    stomach , which oxidizes it, and causes the FESSES, Nates.
    evolution of hydrogen gas. When given in FESSIER , Gluteal - f. Grand , Glutæus me
    the metallic state, the filings are chiefly used ; dius - f. Moyen, Glutæus medius - f. Petit ,
    but the oxides and salts are most commonly Glutæus minimus .
    employed . FETUS , Fætus.
    FERRUM AMMONIA'TUM , Mu'rias Ammoniæ FEU ACTUEL, Cauterium - f. Persique,
    et Ferri, Flores martia'les, Flores salis ammo- Herpes zoster - f. Potential, see Cauterium - f.
    ni'aci martia'les, Ens Martis, Ens Ven'eris Sacré, Erysipelas - f. St. Antoine, Erysipelas- f.
    Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus - f. Volage, Ignis syl
    Boylei, Sal Martis muriaticum sublima'tum , Sal vaticus.
    ammoni'acum martia'lē, Ammo'nium muriat'-
    icum martia'tum seu martia'le ,Aroph Paracelsi, FEUX VOLAGES, Porrigo larvalis .
    Calen'dulæ minera'les, Ferrum ammoniacale, FÈVE, Vicia faba - f. de Carthagène, Habilla
    Ammonia'ted Iron. (F.) Muriate d'ammoniaque de Carthagena - f; a Cochon , Hyoscyamus---f.
    Marais, Vicia
    et de fer. A submuriate of ammonia with red Épaisse, Seduin telephium - f. des
    muriate of iron . Dose, gr . iij to gr. xv . faba - f. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia amara -- f.
    FERRUM AMMONIACALE, F. ammoniatum - f. Purgatif, Ricinus communis.
    Borussicum , Prussian blue - f. Cyanogenatum , FEVER, Febris, from fervor, ' heat ,' or from
    Prussian blue -- f. Hæmatites, Hæmatites. feb'ruo, · I purify : ' Pyr, Pyre'tos, al voeto $, (F. )
    FERRUM OXYDA'TUM HYDRATUM, flydras Fièvre. One ofthe most frequent and danger.
    Ferricus, Hydro -oxide of Iron , Hydrated Oxide ous affections, to which the body is liable .
    of Iron , Hydrated peroxide of Iron, Hydrated A person has an attack of fever , when he is
    Tritoside of Iron . It may be prepared by taking affected with rigours , followed by increased
    a solutionof sulphate ofironincreasing its dose heat of skin , quick pulse, languor, and lassi
    of oxygen by heating it with nitric acid, and tude. Rigours, increased heat and frequency
    precipitating the oxide by adding pure ammo- of pulse have each been assumed as the essen
    nia in excess, washing the precipitate. tial character of fever. It is not characterized ,
    It has been brought forward , of late, as an however, by any one, but depends upon the
    antidote to arsenic ; and many cases of its effi- coexistence of many symptoms.
    cacy have been published. Fevers have been usually divided into idio .
    FEVER 302 FEVER

    pathic or essential, and into symptomatic. The riety ofintermittent,in which the voice is lost
    idiopathic arise withoutany obvious local cause. during the paroxysm .
    The symptomatic are dependent upon local'irri- FEVER , APOPLECTIC , Febris apoplec'tica,
    tation . Com'atose Fever, Febris comoto'des, F. Le
    Idiopathic fevers may be divided into three thar'gica , F. soporo'sa . An intermitient or
    classes: 1. Those attended with distinct pa. continued fever, attended with apoplectic
    roxysms:-intermittents. 2. Remittent and symptoms.
    continued fevers : and, 3. Fevers , complicated FEVER, Artificial , Febris artificia''lis, Fe
    with eruptions, or the exanthematous . bris arte promo'ta. Fever, produced designedly
    These divisionsadmit of great variety, owing by the internal or external use of stimulants.
    to climate, season , soil, age, & c. Fever, Asthen'ic , Febris asthen'ica. Fever,
    All ages and climates are liable to fever ; accompanied with debility. It may include
    and its exciting causes are very numerous. every variety of fever under certain circum
    These causes may be common ; as irritations in stances, but is generally appropriated to ty.
    the intestines; external injuries, stimulants , phus.
    & c .; or they may be specific ; as miasmata, FEVER , Astumat'ıc , Febris asthmatica . A
    contagion, & c. pernicious intermittent, accompanied with
    The greatest diversity has prevailed regard- symptoms of asthma.
    ing the theory of fever. Its primary seat has FEVER,ATAXO-ADYNAM'IC ; Febris atax'o -ady.
    been placed in the brain, mucous membrane of nam'ica. Fever, characterized by symptoms of
    the stomach and intestines, skin , nerves , blood - ataxia and adynamia.
    vessels, liver, vena cava , pancreas , &c . FEVER, BARCELONA, Fever, yellow - f. Bas
    It would seem , however, that although, in tard, Illegitimate fever.
    fever, the whole of the functions are morbidly FEVER, BıLious,Febris biliosa, F.polychol'ica,
    impressed, the arguments in favour of the im Syn'ochus biliosus, F. asо'des, F. choler'ica, F.
    pression being first made on the nervous sys- gus'trica, F. hepatica . The common remittent
    tem and the capillary system of vessels are ihe lever of summer and autumn ; generally sup
    strongest. The exciting cause of fever, what- posed to be owing to, or connected with, de
    ever it may be , produces an irregular action of rangement of the biliary system.
    the capillary system , which is soon conveyed FEVER, Bilious REmitting, Yellow, Fever,
    to the rest of the systein, owing to the exten- yellow - f. Bladdery , Pemphigus — f. Bouquet,
    sive sympathy which exists between every part Dengue — f. Brain , F. cerebral, Phrenitis - f.
    of the body ; and it is probable, that all those Bucket, Dengue - f. Bulam, Fever, yellow - f.
    local inflammations and congestions are the Camp, Typhus gravior.
    consequence , rather than the cause, of this dis- FEVER, CARDIAL'GIC , Febris cardialgica. A
    ordered condition of the system . variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied
    Many phenomena of fever are influenced by with violent cardialgia , during the paroxysm .
    that periodicity, which we notice in the execu- Fever, CARDITIC . Intermittent fever, ac
    tion of several of the functions of the body. companied with pain at the heart.
    The types of intermittents are strong evidences FEVER, CATARRHAL, F. adeno-meningeal.
    of such an influence. Fever, CEPHALAL'GIC, Febris cephalalgica.
    In the treatment of fever, it is important, 1. A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with
    To bear in mind its tendency , particularly in intense pain of the head. Also, intermittent
    the case of the exanthemata , to run a definite cephalalgia.
    course, and terminate in restoration to health . FEVER, Cer'Ebral, Brain fever. Fever,
    2. The disposition to local determinations or generally of an ataxic character , in which the
    hyperæmiæ :-the most frequent cause of the brain is considerably affected.
    fatal terminations of fever ; a circumstance re- FEVER, CHILDBED, Fever, puerperal, Puer
    quiring the vigilant attention of the physician . peral fever .
    3. That the symptoms must be attentively FEVER, CHOL'ERIC , Febris choler'ica . A va.
    studied, in order to deduce,as far as possible, riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied
    from them , the indications of cure . with symptoms of cholera morbús .
    Lastly . Attention must be paid to the pre- FEVER, CHRONIC, Febris chron'ica. Some
    valent epidemic. There are particular seasons, authors apply this name to protracted fevers ;
    in which fevers are verymalignant ;and others, others, to hectic fever.
    in which they are as mild ; circumstances FEVER, COLLIQUATIVE, Febris tab'ida, Febris
    which necessarily have an effect upon the colliquati'da . Fever, characterized by rapid
    treatment. emaciation ,copiousevacuations, and rapid pros
    FEVER , ADE'NO- MENINGE'AL , Febris ade'no- tration of strength.
    meningea, Febris
    bus muco'sus, mesenter'ica (BAGLIVI,) Mor FEVER , COMATOSE, F. apoplectic — f. Con
    Febris muco'sa ; Pitu'ilous Fever,tinent, see Continent – f. Continued, common ,
    Catar'rhal Fever ,Phlegmatop
    Phlegmop'yra, Contin'ued yra
    Lymphatic Fever, Synochus.
    , Gastro-Bron- FEVER, CONVULSIVE, Febris convulsiva . A
    chi'tis. Fever, accompanied with considerable pernicious intermittent, accompanied by con
    mucous secretion ; especially from the digestive vulsions.
    tube . FEVER , DELIR'ous, Febris cum delir'io, (F.)
    FEVER, Axom'alous, Febris anom'alus, F. Ficore délirante.
    characterized A pernicious
    by delirium intermittent,
    in the paroxysms .
    errat'ica , F. irregula'ris, F. raga. A fever, FEVER , DEP'URATORY, Febris depurato'ria.
    whose progress and type are irregular . A fever, to which was attributed the property
    Fever, Aphon'ıc , Febris aphon'ica. A va- of purifying the blood ; or which indicated,
    FEVER 303 FEVER

    that such a pretended depuration had oc- ver,whose paroxysinsreturn weekly , and on the
    curred . same day .
    FEVER, DIAPHORET'ic, Febris diaphoretica, FEVER, HÆMOp'toic, Febris hæmoptoica. A
    Febris sudato'riu . A pernicious intermittent, variety ofmasked intermittent, in wbich peri
    with excessive sweating during the fit. odical hæmoptysis is the chief symptom.
    FEVER, Digestive . The chilliness, followed FEVER , Hectic , see Consumption.
    by increased heat and quickness of pulse , which Feven, HEPATIC or HEPATALÒGIC. A per
    frequently accompaniesdigestion . nicious intermittent, with violent pain in the
    FEVER , DOUBLE, ( F.) Fièvre double ou doublée. right hypochondrium .
    An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a FEVER , Hospital , Typhus gravior.
    given time, instead of one . Fever, HUN'GARY, Febris Hungar'ica, Morbus
    Fever, Double-QUARTAN. A fever, whose Ungaricus, Cephalon'osus, ( F.) Fièvre Hon.
    paroxysms occur two days in succession , and groise ou de Hongrie. An endemic typhus,
    fail the third day: the first paroxysm resembling common amongst the soldiers in barracks, in
    the 4th ; and the second the 5th . Hungary
    FEVER , DOUBLE -Quotid'iaN . An intermit FEVER, HU'MORAL , Febris humora'lis. Fever,
    tent, whose paroxysms return twice every day in which an alteration or deterioration of the
    at corresponding hours . humours is suspected.
    FEVER, DOUBLE - TERTIAN . Fever, HYDROPHOB'ic, Febris hydrophobica.
    An intermittent,
    whose paroxysms return every day ; the first Pernicious intermittent with dread of liquids.
    corresponding with the 3d , the second with HYSTER'IC,
    FEVER , Febris hyster'ica . Hys
    the 4th , and so on . teria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occur
    Fever , DUODEC'IMANE, Febris duodecimana. ring with each paroxysm of an intermittent.
    A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms FEVER, Icter'rc, Febris icter'ica. Fever ,
    recur on the 12th day or every 11 days. accompanied by jaundice. Someintermittents
    Fever , Epilep'tic , Febris epileptica. A exhibit this complication at each paroxysm .
    variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied FEVER , INFLAMMATORY, Synocha .
    with attacks of epilepsy . FEVER, Insid'sous. Fever, which , at first,
    Fever , Erot'ic, Febris erotica, (F.) Fièvre seems devoid of danger, but subsequently be
    d'amour. A chronic fever, occasioned by un- comes of a more or less malignant character.
    propitious love. FEVER, Jail , Typhus gravior.
    Fever , Errat'ic, Febris crratica. An in- Feven, Lo'chial, Febris lochialis. That ac
    termittent, the recurrence of whose paroxysms celeration of the circulation which sometimes
    is irregular. occurs during the discharge of the lochia .
    FEVER , ERUPTIVE , Exanthematica. FEVER, LYMPHATIC, ContinuED , F. adeno
    Fever, GAN'GRENOUS, Febris gangreno'des. meningeal.
    Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various Fever, MalignANT, Febris malig'na. Fever,
    parts, and especially of the limbs and genitals . which makes its approaches insidiously , and
    Sénac describes an intermittent of this kind . subsequently becomes formidable. Any fever
    Fever , GastRALGIC . An intermittent ac . which exhibits a very dangerous aspect.
    companied with acute burning tearing pain at Fever , MALIGNANT, Typhus gravior — f. Ma
    the stomach . lignant, pestilential, Fever, yellow - f. Marsh ,
    FEVER , GASTRIC , Febris gas'trica, Stomach'ic Elodes, (lebris.)
    feder, Syn'ochus Bilio'sa . A name, given by FEVER, MASKED , Febris larra'ta, ( F.) Fièvre
    some to the bilious feder, which has appeared to larrée. An anomalous intermittent, the parox
    them to be dependent on an affection of the ysms of which have not the regular stages.
    Fever , MENINGO-GASTRIC , F. gastric - f.
    stomach . Menin'go-gastric fever ; Harrcst fever,
    ( F. Fièvre dela Moisson. Mixed , Synochus.
    Fever, GASTRO -ADYNAM'IC , Febris gastro- Fever , MESENTER'IC , Febris mesenterica .
    adynam'ica . A fever, in which the symptoms A name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fe
    of bilious fever are joined with those of ady- ver, wbich appears to have belonged either to
    namic fever. the mucous or bilious.
    FEVER , GASTRO - ANGIOTEN'IC. A fever, in FEVER , Milk , Febris lac'tea , (F.) Fièvre de
    which the symptoms of the bilious are united Init ou laiteuse, F. lactée ; Galactopyra. The
    with those of the inflammatory fever. fever, which precedes or accompanies the se
    FEVER , Gastro -Ataxic. A fever, in which cretion of milk in women recently delivered .
    the symptoms of bilious fever are united with It comes on, generally, about the third day
    those of ataxic fever . after delivery ; and is characterized by quick
    Fever, GIBRALTAR, Fever, yellow - f. Har- pulse ; increased heat ; redness of face ; dimi .
    vest , F. Gastric . nution or temporary suppression of the locbial
    Fever, Har, Catarrhus æsti'rus, Summer discharge ; tumefaction and tension of the
    breasts . It commonly terminates in twenty
    Catarrh, Hay Asthma. A catarrh to which cer.
    four hours , and often with profuse perspiration .
    tain persons are subject in summer, and which
    It requires the use of antiphlogistics, with dry
    has been ascribed in England to the effluvium
    diet.
    of lay, but this is not probable. It is a catarrh
    with sneezing, headache, weeping, snuffling FEVER , NEPARIt'ıc, Febris nephretica . In
    and cough , with, at times, fever and general termittent fever, accompanied with nephritic
    discomfort. It is not uncommon in this coun- pain during the paroxysm .
    try. It disappears spontaneously : to recur on Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'sa ,Febris
    subsequent years about the same period. lenta nervo'sa. A variety of Typhus; the Ty
    Fever, HEBDOM'ADAL. A supposititious fe- Iphus mitior (q. v.) of Cullen. By many, how
    FEVER 304 FEVER

    ever, it is esteemed a distinct disease. See most favourable case of continued fever ,and
    Typhoid fever. has a tendency to wear itself out, provided
    FEVER, Non'any, Febris nona'na . A suppo- only the lædentia be avoided. The prognosis
    sititious fever, whose paroxysms recur every is consequently favourable, and the treatment
    ninth day , or every eight days . simple ; consisting in perfect repose of body
    FEVER , OC'TANE, Febris octa'na. An inter- and mind, abstinence, and relieving the thirst
    mittent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth by cold acidulated drinks.
    day . Fever, SINGUL'Tous, Febris singulto sa . Fe
    FEVER, PERIOD'ICAL, Febris period'ica. An ver, accompanied with singultus or hiccough .
    intermittent or remittent fever. FEVER, SPOTTED, Typhus gravior.
    FEVER, PERNICIOU s , Febris perniciosa. In- FEVER, STERCORAL, Febris stercora'lis. Fe
    termittent fever, when attended with great ver, produced by an accumulation of fæces in
    danger, and which destroys the majority of the intestines.
    those affected by it in the first four or five pa- Fever, STOMACHIC , Gastric Fever.
    roxysms; sometimes in the very first. FEVER , SUBINTRANT , Febris subin'trans. An
    Fever Pestiler'tial , Febris pestilentia'lis. intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely
    The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus. finished before the other begins.
    The yellow fever and sweating sickness have, FEVER, SYNCOPAL, Febris syncopa'lis, F. mi
    likewise, been thus designated. nu'ta. A variety of pernicious intermittent,
    FEVER PITUITOUS , F. adeno-meningeal. in which there is, in every paroxysm , one or
    FEVER, PLEURITIC ; an intermittent, accom- more faintings.
    panied with inflammation of the pleura. FEVER, SYPhilitic, Febris syphilitica. Fe
    FEVER, PNEUMONIC ; an intermittent, accom- ver, accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be
    panied with inflammation of the lungs. owing to a syphilitic taint.
    FEVER , PUER'PERAL, Febris puerpera'lis, FEVER, TERTIAN , Febris tertia'na. A fever,
    Childbed fever. This name has been given to whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and
    several acute diseases , supervening after de- consequently every two days.
    livery. It means , generally, a malignant va- FEVER, Tragic, Febris trag''ica. A low fever,
    riety of peritonitis, which runs its course very in which the patient declaims like an actor
    rapidly , and passes into a typhoid condition, during the delirium .
    unless met , at the very onset, by the most ac- FEVER, TRAUMATIC, Febris traumatica . The
    tive depleting measures. By the generality of fever, which supervenes on wounds or great
    practitioners , it is esteemed to be eminently surgical operations.
    contagious ; some , however, deny that it is so. Fever, 'VERminous, Febris Vermino'sa, Hel.
    See Peritonitis and Puerperal Fever. mintho'pyra , worm fever. Fever, produced by
    FEVER, PU'RULENT , Febris purulen'ta. Fe- the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or
    ver, which accompanies suppuration . accompanied by their expulsion.
    FEVER , PUTRID , Typhus gravior. FEVER , VERNAL , Febris vernalis. An inter
    Fever, Quintan , Febris quinta'na. A fever, mittent or other fever occurring in the spring;
    whose paroxysms return every fifth day. It Vernal intermittents were formerly considered
    rarely, it ever, occurs. salubrious.
    " An ague in the spring
    FEVER, Quotidian, Febris quotidia'na. A Is physic for a king."
    fever, whose paroxysms recur daily ,
    FEVER, REGULAR, Febris regula'ris. An in. Fever, VesicuLAR, Pemphigus.
    termittent, whose paroxysms follow a determi- FEVER , WALCHEREN, Gall-sickness. The re
    nate type. It is opposed to atypic. Sometimes mittents and intermittents to which the British
    opposed to anomalous. troops were exposed, who were attached to the
    FEVER , RHEUMATIC , Rheumatism , acute — f. expedition to Walcheren, in 1809.
    Root, Triosteum perfoliatum . FEVER WORM , Verminous F.
    FEVER, SCORBUTIC , Febris scorbu'tica. The FEVER, Yellow, Febris flava, Typhus ictero'
    febrile movement, which sometimes accompa- des, F. contin'ua pu'trida ictero'des Carolinien
    nies scorbutus or scurvy . sis, Elodes ictero'des, Febris malig'na bilio sa
    FEVER , SECONDARY . A febrile condition, America, Ochropyra , Syn'ochus ictero'des, Fierre
    which recurs in certain affections after having matelote, Febris malig'na flava India Occiden
    ceased ; such as the secondary fever, which ta'lis, Ende'mial Causus of the West Indies , Cau
    comes on at the time of the suppuration of the sus trop'icus endem'icus, Bilious remitting yellow
    variolous pustules, or after the eruption of scar- feder, Malig'nant pestilen'tial feder,-Fièvre
    latina, & c ., has disappeared. jaune d'Amérique, Fièvre gastro-adynamique,
    FEVER, SEPTan , Febris septa'na. An inter- Typhus miasmatique ataxique putride jaune,
    mittent, whose paroxysms recur every six days, Vomito prieto, Vomito negro ,Mal de Siam , Fiè
    and consequently on the seventh . rre de la Barbade, Black vomit, Febris toxica ,
    Fever, Sextán, Febris sexta'na . A fever, Febris tropica,Typhus d'Amérique, Bulam Fe
    which recurs every five days, and consequently ver, Gibraltar Fever, Barcelona Fever.A very
    on the sixth. acute and dangerous, febrile affection ; so called,
    FEVER, SIMPLE, Febris simpler. Simple fe- because complicated, in its second stage, with
    ver, is that which has no predominant charac- jaundice , and accompanied by vomiting of black
    ter - bilious, inflammatory , or nervous ; and matter. Sauvages , Cullen, and others regard
    which is unaccompanied by any local deter- it asa variety of typhus; and Pinel as a species
    mination , hyperæmia, or complication. It may of gastro -adynamic, or bilious putrid fever. It
    be continued, remittent, or intermittent. occurs, endemically, only within the tropics ;
    FEVER , SIMPLE , CONTINUED. This is the but it has been met with epidemically in the
    FEVERFEW 305 FICUS

    temperate regions. Broussais regards the dis composed of fibrine, or has the appearance of
    ease as gastro -enteritis, exasperated by atmos . fibrine.
    pberic heat; so that it runs through its stages FIBRO -CARÄTILAGE, Fibro -cartila'go. An
    with much greater rapidity than the gastroen- organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the
    teritis of our climates. The yellow colour of fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is
    the skin, according to him , is owing to the in- dense , resisting, elastic, firm , supple, and flexi
    flammation of the small intestine,-and espe . ble .
    cially of the duodenum , -- augmenting the se . Fibro -cartilages are distinguished into,
    cretion of the liver, and at the same time pre- 1. Membruniform , or those which serve as
    venting its discharge into the duodenum . moulds to certain parts, as the alæ nasi and
    The pathology of this affection , as well as its eyelids . 2. Vaginiform or those which form
    origin , is still unsettled. The treatment must sheaths for the sliding of tendons. 3. Interar
    generally be of the most active nature at the ticular, those , which are met with in the mova
    onset ; consisting in bleeding largely, and ex- ble articulations. 4. Uniting Fibro-cartilages,(F.)
    hibiting mercury so as to excite a new action Fibro-cartilages d'union , which form a junction
    if possible ;-the other symptoms being com- between two bones, as at the symphysis pubis.
    bated according to general principles. It must Fibro-cartilages are, sometimes, formed adven.
    vary, however, according to the epidemic. titiously
    diff
    , as the result of a morbid process in
    FEVERFEW, Matricaria. erent organs .
    FE’VERISH , Febriens, Febricosus, (F. ) Fie: Fibro - CARTILAGES , TARSAL . See Tarsus .
    rreur . That which causes fever, as fecerish FIBRO- MUCOUS, Fibro -muco'sus. Fibrous
    food , fecerish diathesis, &c . Also , the state of membranes, intimately united with other mem .
    one labouring under fever. branes of a mucous nature , as the pituitarymem
    FEVERWORT , Eupatorium perfoliatum . brune, the membrane of the urethra.- Bichat.
    FIBER , Castor fiber. FIBRO -SEROUS, Fibro -serd'sus. Possess
    FIBRA SANGUINIS , Fibrine . ing the nature of fibrous and serous membranes.
    FIBRE , Fibra, ls, xtydwv, Cledon , Filum , Membranes, composed of a fibrous, and a serous
    Filamen'tum . An organic filament,of a solid sheet, intimately united :- as the Dura Mater,
    consistence, and more or less extensible ,which Pericardium , Tunica albuginea testis, &c.
    enters into the composition of every animal and Bichat.
    vegetable texture. The simple or elementary FIBROUS , Fibrosus. Composed of fibres.
    fibre of the ancients , from a particular assem .
    Certain membranes, as the dura mater, periog.
    blage and arrangement of which every texture teum , ligamentous capsules of the joints, &c .
    of the body was conceived to be constituted,are fibrous. The fibrous system of Bichat in
    seems entirely ideal. cludes the system of organs , formed by the
    2
    The moderns usually admit, with Haller and albugineous fibre of Chaussier. It comprises,
    Blumenbach, three elementary fibres or tissues. particularly ,theperiosteum and perichondrium ;
    1. The cellular or laminated , formed chiefly of the articular capsules and ligaments ; the ten
    thin plates, of a whitish colour and extensible, dons ; the dura mater, pericardium , lunica scle
    and wbich seems to consist of concrete gelatine. rotica, tunica albuginea testis, outer membrane
    .
    2. The nervous, pulpy, or medullary, formed of of the spleen, & c .
    a soft substance, contained in a cellular sheath , FIBROUS MEMBRANES , see Membranes,fibrous.
    and consisting of albumen united to a fatty FIB'U LA , Cruris radius, Cunna minor, Os
    matter. 3. The muscular, composed of round pe'rone, Foc''ile minus, Sura, Arun'do minor,
    filaments, of a grayish or reddish colour, and Fistula Cruris, Tibia min'ima, ' a clasp,' The
    formed of fibrine. splinter bune of the leg. (F.) Péroné. The
    Chaussier has added to these the albugineous long, small bone, situate at the outer part of the
    fibre, but it seems to differ from the cellular leg. The superior or tibialextremity of the
    fibre only in the greater condensation of the fibula is rounded and forms the caput or head .
    molecules. It is articulated with the tibia. Its inferior or
    A very small fibre is called a Fibril, Fibrilla. tarsal extremity is broader than thesuperior.
    FIBRE, ALBUGINEOUS. See Albuginea . It is articulated with the libia and astragalus,
    FIBRIL . Sce Fibre . and forms the malleolus externus or outer ankle
    FIBRINE , Fibri'na, Fibra san'guinis, Mate by means of its coronoid process. The body of
    tia fibro'sa, Lympha plastica. An iminediate the bone has three faces, having more or less
    aniinal principle - solid, white , and inodorous; prominent edges. It is separated from thetibia
    insipid ; heavier than water ; without action on by the interosseousspace ; and is developed by
    the vegetable blues: elastic, when moist; hard three points of ossification ;one at the body,and
    and brittle when dry . It enters into the com- one at each extremity. It prevents the foot
    position of the chyle and the blood , and forms from turning outwards.
    the chief part of the muscles of red - blooded FIC , Ficus.
    animals. Fibrine is very nutritious. In cer. FICATRE, Ranunculus ficaria.
    tain diseased actions , Fibrine or Coagulable FICARIA , Scrophularia aquatica — f. Ranun .
    lymph, gluten , is separated from the blood , and culoides, Ranunculus ficaria .
    is found in considerable quantity on the surfaces FICATIO, Ficus .
    of membranes, and in the cavities of the body. FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus.
    The name, Coagulable lymph , has also been FICUS, Syco'sis, Syco'ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus
    given to that part of the serum , which coagu. Tumor, Fico'sa eminen'tia, Marisca, (F.), Fic.
    lates when heated, and is of an albuminous na. A fleshy excrescence , often soft and reddish,
    ture . sometimes hard and scirrhous, hanging by a
    FIB'RINOUS, Fibrind' sus. That which is peduncle, or formed like a fig; occurring on
    39
    FIDGETS 306 FISSURE

    the eyelids, chin , tongue, anus, or organs of which depends on a particular secretion from
    generation . The fici, seated on the last men- the mucous membrane of the urinary passages.
    tioned parts, are generally of a syphilitic cha- FILAMENTUM , Fibre , Frænum .
    racter. FILARIA HOMINIS BRONCHIALIS , see
    Ficus Car'ica . The systematic name of the Worms-- f. Medinensis, Dracunculus - f. Ocu
    fig tree. (F.) Figuier. Carica, Ficus, Ficus li, see Worms .
    vulga'ris, Ficus commu'nis, Syce, oven, (F.) FILELLUM , Frænum .
    Figue. T'he fig is a pleasant fruit when ripe; FILET DE LA LANGUE , Frænum -- f. de
    as wellas when dried in the state in which it la Verge, Frænum penis -- f. Opération du, see
    is found in the shops. It is used , at times, in Frænum .
    place of a cataplasm ; especially in gum boils. FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas .
    Fious INDIA GRANA, Coccus cacti- f. Indica, FIL’IFORM , Filiform'is, from filum , ' a
    Musa paradisiaca . See Caoutchouc. thread ,'and forma, ' form ; ' having the shape of
    FIDGETS. Of doubtful etymology. Dys : a thread ; as the filiform papillæ of the tongue.
    phoria simplex , D.nervo'sa , Erethis'mus sim . See Papillæ.
    plex , Tituba'tio, ( F.) Frétillement. General FILIPENDULA , Spiræa filipendula .
    restlessness and troublesome uneasiness of the FILIUS ANTE PATREM , Tussilago .
    nerves and muscles; with increased sensibility ; FILIX FOEMINEA , Pteris aquilina - f. Flo
    and inability of fixing the attention , accom - rida, Osmunda regalis - f. Mas, Polypodium
    panied with a perpetual desire of changing the filix mas — f. Nymphæa, Pteris aquilina.
    position . See Agacement des Nerfs. FILLE , Girl.
    FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus. FILLET, Fascia.
    FIEL , Bile . FILTRA’TION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio . А
    FIÈVRE, Fever - f. d'Accés, Intermittent fe pharmaceutical operation , which consists in
    ver - f. Adynamique, Typhus - f. Algide, see Al- passing a fluid through a filter or strainer, for
    gidus -- f. d'Amour, Fever, erotic - f. Annuelle, ihe purpose of clarifying it . In ancient physi
    see Annual Diseases — f. Ardent, Ardent fever - ology, it meant the action by which the dif
    f. Ataxique, Typhus — f. de la Barbade, Fever, ferent humours of the body are separated from
    yellow - f. des Camps, Typhusgravior- f. Céré- the mass of blood.
    brale, Cerebral fever - f. Cérébrale des Enfans, FILTRUM. A filter. Any porous mate
    Hydrocephalus internus - f. Cholérique, Chole- rial; such as sand, some kinds of freestone,
    ric, (fever)-f. de Consomption , see Consump. powdered charcoal, pounded glass, flannel, un
    tion - f. Délirante, Fever, delirious - f. Double, sized paper, & c., through which a Auid is
    Fever, double - f. Doubleé, Fever, double - f. passed for the purpose of separating it from
    Etique, Hectic fever - f. Gastro-adynamique, the matters suspended in it.
    Fever, yellow - f. Hectique, Hectic fever, fi de FILUM , Fibre.
    Hongrie, Fever, Hungaric-f. d'Hôpital, Ty. FIMBRIA , Parar'ma . A band ; a fringe ;
    phus gravior — f. Intermittente, Intermittent fe as the fimbriæ or fimbriated extremities of ibe
    ver - f Jaune d'Amérique, Fever, yellow - f. Fallopian Tubes .
    Lacteć, Fever , milk - f. de Lait, Fever, milk FIMBRIÆ CARNOSÆ COLI, Epiploic
    f. Laiteuse. Fever, milk-f. Larvée, Fever, appendages.
    masked - f. Lenticulaire,Typhus gravior -- f. Ma. FIMUS , Stercus, Dung
    telote, Fever, yellow - f. Mésenterique, see Ty- The Fimus Equr'a vs , Stercus equi non cas
    phus - f.de la Moisson, Fever, gastric - f. Mor. tra'ti, Stone-horse duns, was once thought anti
    billeuse, Rubeola - f. Nerdcuse, Typhus mitior- pleuritic.
    f. Nosocomiale, Typhus gravior - f. Oscitante, Fimus Vaccæ or Cow -dung, was employed
    Oscitant fever - f. Péripneumonique, Pneumo: as a cataplasm , especially in gout.
    nia - f. Pernicieuse delirante , see Delirious - f. STERCUS AN'seris or Goose-dung, was ap
    Pleurétique, Pleurisy - f. des Prisons, Typhus plied as a poultice to the feet in malignant fe
    Quotidienne, ver. See Chenocoprus.
    gravior -- f. Quarte,' Quartan -- f. Rheumatism
    Quotidian --f . Rhumatismale , , FINCKLE , Anethum .
    acute - f. Rouge, Scarlatina - f. Semitierce, He- FINGER, Digitus — f. Ring, Annular finger.
    initritæa - f. Tierce, Tertian fever. FINIS ASPERÆ ARTERIÆ , Larynx.
    FJÉVREUX, Feverish . FIOLE, Phiala .
    FIG , INDIAN , Cactus opuntia. FIR - MOSS , UPRIGHT , Lycopodium se
    FIGUE , Ficus carica. lago - f. Scotch , Pinus sylvestris — f. Spruce,
    FIGUIER, Ficus carica - f. d'Inde, Cactus Norway, Pinus abies — f. Tree , silver, Pinus
    opuntia. Picea - f. Yew - leaved , Pinus abies.
    FIGURATIO , Imagination . FIRE , ST. ANTHONY'S, Erysipelas,
    FIGURE, (F.) An epithet for a compres. FISHSKIN , Ichthyosis.
    sive bandage , applied over the head after bleed- FISSICULA'TIO , from fissicula're , ' to cut
    ing from the frontal vein . It has also been off ,' ' open , ' ' make incisions. An old word
    called bandage royal. for an opening made with a scalpel.
    FIGWORT , Scrophularia nodosa - f. Wa. FISSURA CAPILLORUM , Distrix - f. Con
    ter, greater, Scrophularia aquatica. trajacens, Contra - fissura — f. Pilaris, Trichis
    FIL'AMENT, Filamentum , from filum , a mus.
    thread .' This word is used synonymously with FISSURE , fissu'ra, from fin'dere, ' to cleave ; '
    fibril ; thus, we say, a nervous or cellular fila- a long and narrow cleft or opening in a bone-
    ment. Also, the glairy, thread-like substance, Rhage, payn, Ceasma, xeaqua. (F.) Fissure,
    which forms in the urine, in somc diseases,and Fente. See Rhagades.
    FISTULA 307 FLATUARIUS

    Fissure, CapillaRY see Pilatio — f. of Glase- tule of excretory ducts are produced, either by
    rius — f. Glenoid . an injury of the duct itself,or by the retention
    The Central Fissure is the aggregate of the and accumulation of the fluids to which they
    cavities or ventricles of the brain . Meckel have to give passage. Thus, Fistula lachryma
    considers this but one cavity , in the form of a lis, Emphragma lachrymale, Hydrops sacci
    cross, which he calls thus : lachryma'lis, Dropsy of the lachrymalsac, Muco
    The Glenoid FISSURE, or Fissure of Glase- ce'le of the lachrymal sac, commonly proceeds
    rius, (F. ) Fissure ou Scissure de Glaser, Fente from the obliteration of the nasal duct, or from
    glenoïdale ou Félure de Glaser, divides the gle- atony of the lachrymal sac ; which circum
    noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts, stances prevent the tears from passing into the
    and gives passage to the corda tympani , & c. nostrils .
    FISSURA VEL Fossa MAGNA Syi.vii. A deep , Fistula in ano, Archosy'rinz, generally occurs
    narrow sulcus, which ascends obliquely back from somemechanical pressure or impediment .
    wards from the temporal ala of the sphenoid The principal indication, in the treatment of
    bone to near the middle of the parietal bone ; these fistulæ of the excretory canals, being, -
    and which parts the anterior and middle lobes to put a stop to the constant discharge of the
    of the cerebrum on each side . secretions, & c. through the preternatural chan
    FissurE ORBITAR, INFERIOR, Spheno-maxil. nel, the fistulous passage is at times laid open,
    lary fissure - f. Orbitar, superior, Sphenoidal and a communication established with the natu.
    Fissure — f. of Sylvius, Ventricle , fifth. ral excretory canal ; at others, strong pressure
    Fissure. Same etymon. 1. A fracture in is employed to procure its obliteration.
    which the bone is cracked, not separated , as in Fistula BELLENTANA , Uriniferous tube - f.
    fracture ,-Catagma fissura. 2. A narrow , long, Cibalis, (Esophagus — f. Cruris, Fibula — f. Du
    and superficial solution of continuity, around ræ matris, Sinus of the dura mater– f. Lachry .
    the external openings of the mucous mem- malis , see Fistula — f. Nervorum, Neurilema - f.
    branes. A sort of chap , observed on the hands Sacra, Medulla spinalis, Vertebral column - f.
    particularly on the callous hands, of workmen , Spiritalis, Trachea — f. Urinaria, Urethra - f.
    in certain mechanical employments. 3. Small, Ureterum renum , see Calix - f. Ventriculi,
    chapped ulcerations, sometimes noticed in Esophagus.
    young children, owing to the contact of the FISTULES STERCORAIRES. See Sterco.
    fæces and urine with the fine, delicate skin of raceous.
    the thighs, nates,and genital organs. 4. Clefts, FIXED , Ficus. A body not capable of being
    of a more or less deep nature, occurring on the volatilized by fire is said to be fixed. Thus, we
    genital organs, in the vicinity of the anus, in say fixed oils, in contradistinction to volatile
    those labouring under syphilis. These are usu- oils.
    ally called rhagades. (q . v .). FIXEN , MINERAL WATERS OF. This
    FIS'TULA ,Syrint. A solution of continuity, spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Ba
    of greater or less depth , and sinuosity ; the varia . It contains carbonic acid, holding in
    opening of which is narrow, and the disease solution carbonates of lime and magnesia, mu.
    kept up by an altered texture of parts, so that riates of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda
    it is not disposed to heal. and silica. In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer
    A fistula is incomplete or blind, when it has water.
    but one opening ; and complete when there are FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second
    two, the one opening into an internal cavity , dentition .
    the other, externally. It is lined , in its whole FLABELLA'TION, Flubella'tio, from fla
    course , by a membrane, which seems analogous bella're, to agitate the air. An operation , re
    to mucous membranes. commended by Ambrose Paré, which consists
    Incomplete fistulæ may be internal or external. in keeping fractured limbs cool, as well as the
    The former are those, which open internally ; dressings surrounding them , by the renewal of
    the latter, those which open externally. the air around them, either by the use of a fan, or
    External incomplete fistule are kept up by the repeated change of position of the parts af
    caries or necrosis of bones, by extraneous bodies fected.
    in any of the living textures, or by purulent FLABELLUM ET VENTILABRUM COR
    cavities, the walls of which have not become DIS , Pulmo.
    united. Internal incomplete fistula , generally, FLACCID'ITY, Flaccid'itas, from flaccidus,
    become soon complete ; since the discharge, Aabby, soft.' Softness of a part, so as to
    which escapes from them into the cavities, offer little resistance on pressure .
    where they open, has a constant tendency to FLAG, BLUE , Iris versicolor.
    make its way outwardly , and soon occasions FLAMBE , Iris Germanica - f. Bâtard , Iris
    ulceration of the integuments. Fistulæ have pseudacorus.
    received different names, according to the dis- FLAMMA, Fleam .
    charge, which they afford, and the organs in FLAMME, Fleam.
    which they are seated ,-as lachrymal, biliary, FLAMMETTE, Fleam .
    salivary, synovial, urinary. FLAMMULA , Fleam-f. Jovis , Clematis
    The great object of treatment, in fistulous recta.
    sores, is to bring on an altered condition of the FLANCS, Flanks.
    parietes of the canal; by astringent or stimu- FLANKS,Ilia , La'gones, Lap'ara, Ceneo'nes,
    lating injections,caustics, the knife, pressure, (F. ) Flancs, Les lles. The regions of the body,
    & c. Those which are dependent on diseased which extend on the sides, from the inferior
    bone, cartilage, tendon, & c. do not heal until margin of the chest to the crista ilii.
    after the exfoliation of the diseased part. Fis- FLATUARIUS, Alchymist.
    FLATULENCE 308 FLEXOR

    FLATULENCE , Flatulen'tia, Flatus , Flat. Flexor Brevis DIQ TO'RUM PEDIS PERFO
    vos'ity , Clydon, Physn , Polyphy'sia, Wind, Li- RA'TUS, F. Subli'mis, Flexor brevis, Flexor digi
    ino'sis Fla'tus, Ercua'is, Bombus, ( F.) Voniosité. to'rum brevis sive perforatus pedis, Perfora'tus
    Emission of wind by tlie mouth or anus ; or seu fleror secun'di interno'dii digito'rum pedis,
    accumulation of wind in the digestive tube. Calcunéo -sous-phalangettien commun.- Calca .
    FLATULENTUS, Windy . néo -sous phalanginien commun,- (Ch.) (F.)
    FLATUOSITY , Flatulence . Muscle court fléchisseur commun des orteils. Á
    FLATUS , Crepitation, Flatulence - f. Furi . muscle , placed at the middle part of the sole of
    osus , Ambulo - flatulentus. the foot. It is narrower and thicker behind
    FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI . See Ci- than before , where it is divided into four por.
    trus medica . tions. It arises from the posterior part of the
    FLAVUS , Yellow . inferior surface of the os calcis, and is inserted
    FLAX , COMMON , Linum usitatissimum-- at the inferior surface of the second phalanx of E
    fi Purging, Linuin catharticuin --f Seed, see the four last toes. It bends the second phalan. 1
    Linum usitatissimum - f. Toad, Antirhinum ges of the toes on the first, and the first on the
    linaria. metatarsal bones ; in this manner augmenting
    FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa - f. the concavity of the vault of the foot .
    Bean , Canada, Erigeron Canadense -- f. Bean , Flexor BREVIS Minimi Digiti, F. parvus
    Philadelphia, Erigeron Philadelphicum- f. minimi digiti .
    Wort, Plantago psyllium. FLESOR BREVIS Mix'imi DiG'ITI Pedis. Pa.
    FLEAM , Flamina, Flam'mula , Schuste'rion , ra'thenar minor, ( F.) Court fléchisseur du petit
    Fosso'rium , Phlebot'omus. A surgical instru- orteil, Tarso- sous-phalangien du petit orteil
    ment , used for the operation of phlebotomy. ( Ch . ) A muscle , situate at the anterior and
    (F.) Flamme, Flammette. It consists of a small outer part of the sole of the foot. It arises
    metallic box , containing a spear-pointed cutting from the posterior extremity of the fifth meta व
    instrument, which, by means of a spring , can tarsal bone, and is inserted into the posterior
    be forced into the vein . It is much used in part of the first phalanx of the little toe, which
    Germany and some other European countries ; it bends.
    and is not unfrequently employed in America ; Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Manos, Flexor
    but is scarcely ever seen in France or Great secun'diinterno'dii , Thenar, Fleror primi et se
    Britain . cun 'diossis pol'licis - Court fléchisscur du pouce
    FLÉCHISSEUR, Flexor - f. Court commun - Carpophulungien du pouce,— (Ch .) Demi-in
    des orteils — f. Flexor brevis digitoruin pedis - terosscut du pouce. A muscle , situate at the
    f. Court du petit doigt, Flexor parvus minimi outer part of the palm of the hand. It is di
    digiti - f. Court du pelit orteil, Flexor brevis vided into two portions by the tendon of the
    minimi digiti pedis — f. Profond des doigts , Flex . Flexor longus pollicis. lt' arises from the os
    or profundus perforans — f. Sublime des doigts, magnum , ihe anterior annular ligament of the
    Flexor sublimis perforatus - f. Superficiel des carpus and the third metacarpal bone ; and is
    doigts, Flexor sublimis perforatus - f. Court inserted into the superior part of the first pha
    du gros orteil , Flexor brevis pollicis pedis — f. lanx of the thumb , and into the two ossa sesa
    Grand commun des orteils, Flexor Longus digi- moidea at the articulation of the first phalanx
    torum pedis profundus perforans - f. Long com- with the first metacarpal bone. Its use is to
    mun des orteils , Flexor longus digitorum pedis bend the first phalanx of the thumb on the first
    profundus perforans - f. Long du gros orteil, metacarpal bone ; and the latter upon the tra
    Flexor longus pollicis pedis — f. Court du pouce, pezium .
    Flexor brevis pollicis manus . Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis . Fleror
    FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM , Quadra- brevis, Flexor hallucis vel brevis pollicis, Tarso
    tus lumborum . phalangien du pouce, Court fléchisseur du gros
    FLEGMEN , Flemen . orteil , Tarso -sous-phalangettien du premier orteil,
    FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour about the - (Ch.). It is situate at the anterior and inner ២
    ankles. Also, chaps of the feet and hands. part of the sole of the foot; is thin and narrow 2
    FLERECIN , Gout. behind, thick and divided into two portions
    FLESH , Caro , Sarz, oaps, (F. ) Chair. Every before . It arises from the inferior part of the
    soft part of an animal is so named; but more os calcis and the two last cuneiform bones,and
    particularly the muscles, which are called mus. is inserted at the inferior part of the base of the
    cular flesh . first phalanx of the great toe, and into the two
    FLESH , Proud, Fungosity. sesamoid bones of the corresponding metatarso
    FLEURS, Flowers, Menses - f. Blanches, phalangien articulation . It bends the first pha.
    Leucorrhæa - f. de Muscade, Mace - f. de Sou- lanx of the great toe on the first metacarpal
    fre, Sulphur sublimatum . bone .
    FLEXIBILITY , A physical property of the FLEXOR Carpi Radialis , Palmaris magnus
    tissues, which varies greatly according to the --f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles)-f.
    structur e. The
    in a marked
    rendons exhibit this property Hallucis , F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Hallucis
    manner . longus , F. longus pollicis pedis .
    FLEXIO , Campsis . Flexor Longus Digito'rum Pedis Procur '.
    FLEX'ION , Flex'io, nauan, Campē, from dus Per'FORANS ; Per forans seu Flexor pro
    flec'tere, ' lo bend .' The state of being bent. fun'dus, l'erodactyleus, Fleror digito'rum , longus
    The action of a flexor muscle . sive Perforans pedis, Perforans seu Flexor tertii
    FLEXOR. Same etymon . (F.) Fléchisseur. internodii digitorum pedis ; Tibio-phalangettien ,
    A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain – (Ch.,) Grand ou long fléchisseur commun des 1
    parts . orteils. A muscle , situate at the posterior and
    FLEXOR 309 FLUCTUATION

    deep-seated partof the leg; It isbroader atits face ofthe last phalanges of the four fingers .
    middle than extremities, the inferior of which It bends the third phalanges on the second;
    is divided into four portions. It arises from and, in other respects,has the same uses as the
    the posterior surface of the tibia ; and its ten- following.
    dons are attached to the posterior part of the FLEXOR SECUNDI INTERNODU DIGITORUM
    lower surface of the three phalanges ofthe four Pedis, F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Tertii in.
    last toes. It bendsthe three phalanges on each'ternodii , F. longus pollicis manus - f. Tertii in
    other, and the toes on the metatarsus, and ex- ternodii digitorum manus, F. profundus perfo
    tends the foot on the leg. rans - f. Tertii internodii digitorum pedis, F.
    The Accesso'rius Flexo'nis Longi Digito- longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans
    RUM Pedis, Caro quadra'ta Sylvii. Caro acces- f . Ossis metacarpi pollicis, Opponens pollicis
    suria, Pluntaris 'verus ; Accessoire du long f . Perforatus pedis, F. brevis digitorum pedis—
    fléchisseur commun des orteils, Carrée, is a f. Sublimis, F. brevis digitorum pedis.
    small muscle of the sole of the foot, which Flexor SUBLI’MIS PERFORA'TUS, F.Perfora'
    passes obliquely from the os calcis to the outer tus, Fléchisseur sublime ou superficiel des doigts,
    edge of the flexor longus, whose force it aug- Epilroklo-phalanginien commun, - (Ch.? It is
    ments, and corrects its obliquity. a thick , flat muscle , seated at the anterior part
    Flexor Longus Pollicis MÁNUS, Flexor lon- of the forearm . Its upper extremity , which is
    gus pollicis, Flexor tertii internodii, Flexor tertii simple, arises from the internal condyle of the
    internodii sive longis'simus pollicis ; Radio-pha- os humeri ;--from the coronoid process of the
    langettien du pouce, - (Ch.) Situate at the an. ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius.
    terior and profound part of the forearm . It Its lower extremity divides into four tendons,
    arises from the upper three-quarters of the an- which slide under the anterior annular liga
    terior surface of the radius and interosseous ment of the carpus, and are inserted into the
    ligament, and is inserted, by a tendon , into ihe second phalanges of the four last fingers, after
    anterior surface of the last phalanx of the having been slit to allow the tendons of the
    thumb. It bends the second phalanx of the flexor profundus to pass through them . This
    thumb on the first; the first on the correspond- muscle bends the second phalanges on the first;
    ing metacarpal bone, and this upon the radius. these on the carpal bones, and the hand on the
    It can , also , bend the hand on the forearin . forearm .
    FLEXOR LONGcs Pollicis Pedis , Fletor Hal- FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia.
    lucis vel Pollicis longus, Péronéo -phalangien du FLOCCI. See Villous membranes.
    gros orteil, Long fléchisseur du gros orteil, Pé. FLOCCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia.
    rondo- sous-phalangcttien du pouce, - (Ch .) It FLOCCULI. See Villous inembranes.
    is situate at the posterior and profound part of FLORES BENZOES , Benjamin , flowers of
    the leg .. It arises from the posterior surface of —f. Boracis. Boracic acid - f. Macis, Mace - f.
    the fibula and the interosseous ligament, and is Martiales, Ferrum ammoniatum - f. Salis am
    inserted , by means of a long tendon, into the moniaci martiales, Ferrum ammoniatum .
    inferior part of the first phalanx of the great toe. FLORIDA , WATERS OF. Near Long
    It bends the third phalanx on the first : and this Lake, in Florida, U. States , which communi
    upon the corresponding metatarsal bone. It cates with St. John's River by a small creek ,
    augments the concavity of the sole of the foot, there is a vast fountain of hot mineral water,
    and extends the foot on the leg. issuing from a bank of the river . From its
    FLEXOR Parvus Min'ımı Dig " ıtı,Abductor odour it would seem to be sulphureous.
    minimi digiti, Hypoth'enar Riola'ni, Flexor bre- FLORION , Influenza .
    ris minimi digiti manûs, Hypoth'enar minimi FLOS SALIS , Soda , subcarbonate of - f.
    digiti, Carpo-phalangien du petit doig! —( Ch .,) Sanguineus monardi , Tropæolum majus — f.
    Court fléchisseur du petit doigt. It arises from Virginitatis, Hymen.
    the anterior annular ligament of the carpus and FLOUR , POTATO . See Solanum tubero
    the process of the os unciforme, and is inserted sum .
    at the inner side of the superior extremity of FLOWER DE LUCE , Iris Germanica.
    the first phalanx of the little finger. It bends FLOWERS, Flores , ( F.) Fleurs . The an.
    the first phalanx of the little finger. rient chymists gave this name to different solid
    FLEXOR PERFORANS, F. profundus perforans and volatile substances, obtained by sublima.
    1 -f. Perforatus, F. sublimis perforatus - f. Primi tion . The term is not yet entirely banished
    internodii, Opponens pollicis -- f. Primi inter- from chymical and medical language, as Floro
    nodii digitorum manus , Lumbricales manus- ers of Benjamin , Flowers of Sulphur, &c.
    f. Prini et secundi ossis pollicis , F. brevis pol . The Four Cordial FLOWERS, Quatuor flores
    licis manus. cordia'les were , formerly, borage , bugloss, roses,
    FLEXOR PROFUN'dus Per'FORANS, F. Profun- and violets.
    dus, F. Per' forans, F. Per forans vulgo profun . The Four CARMIN'ative Flowers , Quatuor
    dus, Flexor ter'tii internodii digito'rum manus flores carminati'vi, were camomile, dill , feverfew ,
    vel Perforans
    тип—
    manus; Cubito-phalangettien
    - (Ch .), Fléchisseur profond des doigts.com
    A and melilot.
    FLOWERS, Menses .
    thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath the FLUCTUATION , Fluctua'tio, from fluctus,
    Flexor sublimis perforatus. Its upperextremily ' a wave . ' Undula'tio, (F.) Ondulation. The
    is simple , and arises from the anterior surface undulation of a fluid, collected in any natural
    of the ulna and from the interosseous ligament. or artificial cavity, which is felt by pressure or
    Its inferior extremity terminates by fourtendons by percussion , properly practised . In ascites ,
    which, after having passed through the slits in thefluctuation is felt by oneof the hands being
    the sublimis, are inserted into the anterior sur. I applied to one side of the abdomen, whilst the
    FLUELLEN 310 F TAL

    other side is struck with the other hand. In pulmonary catarrh or pleurisy, but most com
    abscesses , fluctuation is perceived by pressing monly peripneumony.
    on the tumour , with one or two fingers alter- FLUXUS, Discharge — f. Cæliacus , Cæliac
    nately, on opposite points. ux - f. Cruentus cum tenesmo, Dysentery - f.
    FLUELLEN , Antirhinum elatine. Jysentericus , Dysentery - f . Hepaticus, Hepa
    FLUELLIN , Veronica. tirrhæa, see Hepateros - f. Lientericus, Lien.
    FLUEURS, Menses. tery - f. Lunaris , Menses — f. Matricis, Leucor
    FLUID , Flu'idus, from fluere, ' to flow .' The rhæa - f. Menstrualis, Menstruation - f. Men
    human body is chiefly composed of fluids. If struus, Menses — f. Muliebris, Leucorrhea - f.
    a subject, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly Salivæ, Salivation - f. Venereus, Gonorrhea
    dried in an oven , the remains will be found not impura.
    to weigh more than 12 or 13 pounds: so that FOC'ILĒ . This name was formerly given
    the proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is to the bones of the leg, as well as to those of
    about 9 or 10 to 1 . the forearm .
    TABLE OF THE FLUIDS OF THE HUMAN Body.
    Focile Majus, Tibia - f. Inferius seu majus,
    Ulna - f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus seu superius,
    1. Blood. Radius .
    E
    2. Lymph . FEMEN , Perinæum.
    ( Cutaneous transpiration ;-transpi
    ration of the mucous, serous, and FENICULUM , Anethum - f. Aquaticum ,
    synovial membranes'; of thecel Phellandrium aquaticum - f. Erraticum, Peuce.
    3. Echaled or lùlar membrane; of the adipous danum silaus- f. Porcinum , Peucedanum .
    Perspiratory cells ; of the medullary mem- FENUGREEK , Trigonella fæpum .
    Fluids. brane ; of the interior of the thy
    roid gland ; the thymus ; supra FENUM CAMÉLORUM , Juncus odoratus
    renal capsules; eye ; ear'; verte- - f.Græcum , Trigonella fænum .
    bral canal, & c . FETAB'ULUM . An encysted abscess.-
    Sebaceous humour of the skin ; ce- Marcus Aurelius Severinus.
    rumen ; gum of the eye ; mucus
    4. Follicular of the mucous glands and folli . FETAL, Fæta'lis. Relating to the fætus.
    Fluids. cles ; that of the tonsils, of the A name, given to parts connected with the
    glands of the cardia, theenvirons fætus. Thus we say — the fætal surface of the
    Tears ; saliva; pancreatic 'Auid ; placenta, in contradistinctionto the uterine or
    5. Glandular
    bile ; urine; or the glands of Cowº muternal surface.
    per ; sperm ; milk ; fluid of the FETAL HEAD . The diameters of this at the
    Fluids.
    iestes and mamma of the new
    born child .
    full period , are as follow : -1. The Biparietal
    or transverse ,extending from one parietal pro
    FLUIDUM NERVEUM , Nervous fuid. tuberance to the other, and measuring 34 inches,
    FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum . 2. The Temporal, from one temple to another,
    FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM ,Dysentery. 3 inches. 3. The Occipito-mental, from the oce
    FLUOR ALBUS INTESTINORUM, Cæliac ciput to the chin ; the greatest of all , 5 inches.
    flux - f. Albus malignus, Gonorrhea impura - 4 .* The Occipito- frontal or antero-posterior, 41
    f. Muliebris , Leucorrhæa - f. Muliebris non or 44 inches. 5. The Cervico-bregmatic, from
    Gallicus, Leucorrhæa. the nape of the neck to the centre of the ante .
    FLUX , Flurus, Proflu'vium , from fluere, 'to rior fontanelle. 6. The Fronto -mental, from
    flow .' A discharge. Rhysis. In Nosology, it the forehead to the chin, about 34 inches.
    comprises a series of affections, the principal 7. The Trachelo-bregmatic, from the front of the
    symptom of which is the discharge of a fluid . neck to the anterior fontanelle, 31 inches.
    Generally, it is employed for dysentery, (q. v.) 8. The Vertical diameter, from the vertes to the
    Flux , Bilious, Flutus bilio'sus. A discharge base of the cranium.
    of bile , either by vomiting or by stool, or by The FETAL CIRCULATION differs from that of
    both , as in cholera . the adult in several respects. Commencing
    Flux , Bloody, Dysentery - f. de Bouche, Sa with the placenta, the fætal blood is sent from
    livation - f. Dyseniérique, Dysentery - f. Hé- the placenta, where it probably undergoes some
    patique, Hepatirrhæa - f. Muqueux, Catarrh- change analogous to what occurs in the lungs
    f. Muqueux de l'estomac, Gastrorrhea - f. Mu . in extra -uterine existence,by the umbilical vein
    queux de la dessie, Cystirrhea , f. Root, Ascle- as far as the liver , where a part of it is poured
    pias tuberosa — f. Saliraire, Salivation - f; de into the vena porta; the other proceeds into
    Sang, Dysentery - f. de Sperme, Spermatorrhea the vena cava inferior ; the latter, having re G
    ---f.de Sueur,Ephidrosis — f.Weed, Sysiinbrium ceived the suprahepatic veins, pours its blood
    sophia - f. d’Urine, Diabetes-- f. de Ventre, Di- into the right auricle. From the right auricle ,
    arrhea. a part of the blood is sent into the right ventri
    FLUXIO ALBA, Leucorrhæa -- f. Arthritica, cle; the rest passes directly through into the
    Gout. left auricle , by the foramen ovale. When the
    FLUXION , Flurio, Aflur'us. A flow of right ventricle contracts, the blood is sent into
    blood or other humour towards any organ with the pulmonary artery ; but as the function of
    greater force than natural. A determination. respiration is not going on, nomore blood passes
    Thus we say , in those disposed to apoplexy, to the lungs than is necessary for their nutri
    there is a fluxion or determination of blood io tion : the remainder goes directly through the
    the head. ductus arteriosus into the aorta . The blood ,
    FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh - f. Sur received by the left auricle from the lungs, as
    les dents, Odontalgia. well as that which passed through the foramen
    FLUXION DE POITRINE, ( F) . By this ovale, is transmitted into the left ventricle ; by
    name , the French often understand the acute the contraction of which it is sent into the aorta ;
    FETATION 311 FONSANGE

    and by means of the umbilical arteries, which centa. When first seen , the fætus has the form
    arise from the hypogastric, it is returned by of a gelatinous flake, which some have com
    the umbilical arteries to the placenta. pared to an ant, a grain of barley , a worm curved
    FETATION , Pregnancy. upon itself, &c . The fætal increment is very
    FETICIDE, Fæticid'ium ; from fætus, and rapid in thefirst, third, fourth, and sixth months
    ca'dere, ' to kill. Criminal abortion . of its formation ; and at the end of nine months,
    it bas attained its full dimensions.
    FCTOR ORIS , Breath , offensive . Generally , there is but one fætus in utero ;
    FOETUS, Fotus, xuqua, Cyema, Epicye'ma , sometimes, there are two ; rarely three .
    Epigonion, from feo, ' I bring forth . ' The un- The fætus presents considerable difference
    born child . By xurua, Hippocrates meant the in its shape, weight, length , situation in the
    fecundated, but still imperfect, germ. It cor- womb, proportion of its various parts to each
    responded with the term embryo, asnow used ; other , arrangement and texture of its organs ,
    whilst eupovov, 'embryo,' signified the fætus at state of its functions at different periods of ges
    a more advanced stage of utero -gestation . tation, &c . All these differences are important
    The majority of Anatomists apply to the germ in an obstetrical and medico-legal point of view .
    the name embryo, which it retains until the The following table exhibits the length and
    third month of gestation, and with some until weight of the fætus at different periods of ges.
    the period of quickening; whilst fætus is ap- lation, on the authority of different observers.
    plied to it in its latter stages. The terms are,Their discordance is striking. It is proper to
    however, often used indiscriminately, remark , that the Paris pound - Poids de Marc
    When the ovule has been fecundated in the of 16 ounces , contain 9216 Paris grains, whilst
    ovarium , and remained there for some days , it the avoirdupois contains only 8532.5 Paris
    descends into the uterus, with which it becomes grains , and that the Paris inch is 1.065977 Eng.
    more or less connected by means of the pla- | lish inch .

    Granville. Beck . Granville.


    Beck. Maygrier. Maygrier.
    Length . Weight.
    At 30 days. 3 to 5 lines. 10 to 12 lines . 9 or 10 grs.
    2 months, 2 inches . 4 inches . 1 inch . 2 ounces . 5 drachms . 20 grains.
    3 do. 3 do. 6 do. 3 inches. 2 to 3 do . 2 ounces . 1 ) ounce .
    4 do . 5 to 6 do . 8 do . 4 to 5 do , 7 or 8 do .
    5 do . 7 to 9. 10 do. 9 or 10 do . 16 do ,
    6 do . 9 to 12. 12 do . 9 inches. 1 to 2 lbs. 2 pounds. 1 pound .
    7 do . 12 to 14 . 14 do 12 do , 2 to 3 do . 3 do . 2 io 4 do .
    8 do . 16 16 do . 17 do . 3 to 4 do. 4 do . 4 to 5 do.

    Fetus ZEPHYRIUS, Mole. except in the case of the narcotic fomentations,


    FOIE, Liver - f. d'Antimoine, Oxydum stibii where some additional effect is obtained .
    sulphuratum - f. de Soufre, Potassæ sulphure- A dry fomentation is a warm , dry application
    tum . to a part ;-as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel ;
    FOLIACEUM ORNAMENTUM. See Tuba -a bag , half filled with camomile flowers made
    Fallopiana. hot, & c .
    FOLIE , Insanity . FomentarioN HERBS , Herba pro fotû. The
    FOLLETTE, Influenza. herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the
    FOLLICLE , Follic'ulus, diminutive of Fol- English apothecary , are - southernwood, tops of
    lis, a bag. See Crypta . sea wormwood, camomile flowers,each two parts :
    Foli.iCLES , CILIARY, Meibomius, glands of bay leaves, one part. ziijss of these to tbvj of
    --f. Palpebral, Meibomius, glands of - f. Syno- water.
    vial , Bursæ mucose . To FOMENT, Fovere, (F.) Étuver, Bassiner.
    FOLLICULE , Crypta - f. Ciliaire, Meibo. To apply a fomentation to a part .
    mius , gland of - f. Dentaire, Dental follicle - f. FOMENTUM , Fomentation .
    Palpebral, Meibomius,glands of. FOMES MORBI. The focus or seat of any
    FOLLIC'ULI GRAAFIA'NI , Ovula disease. (F) Foyer. Fomes mali.
    Graafia'na, Follicles or Vesicles of de Graaf. Small FOMES VENTRICULI, Hypochondriasis.
    spherical vesicles, from 15 to 20 in number , in FOM'ITES, from fomes, " fuel, any thing
    each ovary , which are filled with an albuminous which retains heat.' Enaus’ma, Zop'yron, svavo .
    fluid. They exist in the fætus. The ovum - da, čurvoor. A term , applied to substances
    odule of some- is contained in them . which are supposed to retain contagious efflu
    FOLLICULI ROTUNDI ET OBLONGI CERVICIS via ; as woollen goods, feathers, cotton, &c .
    UTERI, Nabothi glandule — f. Sanguinis , Glo- FONCTION , Function .
    bules of the blood . FOND, Fundus .
    FOLLICULOSE GLAND , Crypta . FONDANT, Solvent.
    FOLLICULUS FELLIS , Gall-bladder. FONGOSITÉ, Fungosity .
    FOMENTA'TION , Fomenta'tio, Fotus, Py. FONGUS, Fungus.
    ria, Thermas'ma, one'sis, Perfu'sio, Asper'sio, FONS, Fontanella — f. Pulsans, Fontanella
    Fomen'tum , from fodere, 'to bathe... A sort of f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella — f. Salutarius, Water,
    partial bathing, by the application of hot cloths, mineral.
    which have been previously dipped in hot water FONSANGE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    or in some medicated decoction . They act, Fonsange is situate near Nismes in France.
    chiefly, by virtue of theirwarmth and moisture, The water is sulphuretted.
    FONTANA , & c . 312 FORMICA

    FONTANA , CANAL OF. A canal, of a lri- canals -- f. Palatinum posterius , see Palatine ca.
    angular shape, at the inner side of the ciliary nals - f. Palato -maxillare, see Palatine canals
    circle; partly formed by the groove at the inner f . Spheno-spinosum , Spinale foramen - f. Thy .
    edges of the cornea and sclerotica . roideum , Obturatorium foramen - f. of Wins.
    FONTANEL'LA. A fontanel, diminutive of low , Hiatus of Winslow .
    fons, .a fountain .' Fons pulsatilis , Fons pul. FORCE, from fortis, strong. ' Vis, Potcn'
    sans, Verter pal'pitans,Fons, Bregma, Fontic'- tia , Energi'u, Dynamis, Cratos. Any power,
    ulus, ( q. v . ) Lacu'na , Mould . The opening of which produces an action . Those powers,which
    the head . A name, given to spaces occupied by are inherent to organization, are called vital
    a cartilaginous membrane, in the fætus and forces. We say, also, organic forces, and mus.
    new-born child ; and situate at the union of the cular forces, to designate that of the organs in
    angles of the bones of the cranium . general, or of the muscles in particular. To
    There are six fontanelles. 1. The great or the latter the word Dynamis, duranış corre .
    sincipital or anterior, situate at the junction of sponds; and the absence of this force is termed
    the sagittal and coronal sutures . 2. The small adynamia. The vital forces have to be studied
    or bregmatic or posterior, situate at the part carefully by the pathologist. The doctrine of
    where the posterior and superior angles of the diseases is greatly dependent on their auginen
    parietal bones unite with the upper part of the tation or diminution ; freedom oroppression, & c.
    os occipitis. 3. The two sphenoidal, in the tem- FORCE OF NUTRITION , Plastic force - f. of As
    poral fossæ ; and , 4. The tuo mastoid , or of Cas- similation , Plastic force .
    serius, at the union of the parietal, occipital , FORCE -REAL , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    and temporal bones. The name of a mountain , situate four leagues
    FONTES SULPHUREI CALIDI , Waters, from Perpignan in France . The water is cha
    mineral , sulphureous. lybeate .
    FONTICULE À POIS. See Fonticulus. FORCEPS, quasi, fer'riceps, from ferrum ,
    FONTIC'ULUS , Fontanel'la , (F.) Fonticule, iron , and capio, I take. Pincers, Labis, haßıs',
    Cautère. A small ulcerproduced by art,either Volsellæ . Aninstrument for removing bodies,
    by the aid of caustics or of cuttinginstruments; which it would be inconvenient or impractica
    the discharge from which is kept up with aview ble to seize with the fingers. (F.) Pinces, Pin .
    of fulfilling certain therapeutical indications . cettes.
    The Pea issue, (F.) Fonticule à pois , is kept up There are various kinds of forceps. - 1. The
    bymeansofapeaplacedin it. Thispea,(F) forremoving ordinary kind,thelint,&
    contained inc. from wounds or ul
    every dressing-cas e,
    Pois à cautère, is sometimes formed of wax ; at 1
    others, the young, blasted fruit of the orange is cers . ( F. ) Pinces à anneaux. 2. The Dissect
    employed . The common dried garden pea an-ing or Lig'ature or Arterial Forceps, (F.) Pin
    swers every purpose. The seton is also an issue. ces a dissection, P. a ligature, to lay hold of deli
    FOOL'S STONES,MALE .Orchis mascula. cate parts. 3. Polypus Forceps, Tooth Forceps,
    FOOT, Pes — f. Flat, see Kyllosis - f. Grif: Forceps of Museux , for laying hold of the ton
    fon's , Gryphius pes. sils or other parts to be removed. The Bullet
    FORA’MEN , " Trema, from foro, ' I pierce . ' Forceps, Strombul'cus, (F.) Tire-balle, &c . The
    Aulos, (F.) Trou . Any cavity , pierced through Lithol'omy Forceps, Lithol'abon , Tenac'ula, Vol.
    and through . Also , ihe orifice of a canal . sel'lu , which resemble the Craniotomy Forceps,
    FORAMEN ALVEOLARE ANTERIUS, see Palatine (F.) Tenetlis .
    canals - f. Alveolare posterius , see Palatine ca Also , an instrument used by obstetrical prac
    nals — f. Amplum pelvis, Obturatorium foramen titioners to embrace the head , and bring it
    -f. Aqueductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum- through the pelvis. It consists oftwo branches,
    f. Auditorium externum, see Auditory canal, blades or levers ; one of which, in the case of
    external — f. Auditorium internum , see Auditor the short forceps, is passed over the ear of the
    ry canal, internal — f. Cæcuin ossis maxillaris child, and the other opposite to the former, so 1
    superioris, see Palatine canals - f. Carotid , see that the blades may lock . When the head is
    Carotica foramina. securely included between the blades, the ope
    FORA'MEN CENTRALE ET LIMBUS LU'teus ration of extraction can be commenced. See
    Ret'inÆ ; the central foramen and yellow spot Parturition .
    of the retina ; discovered by Sömmering: (F. ) FOREARM , Pars inferior brachii, Cu'bitus,
    Tache jaune. It is situate about two lines to ( F.) Avant bras. The part oftheupperextremi
    the outside of the optic nerve , and in the direc- ty , comprised between the arm and the hand .
    tion of the axis of the eyes . It is composed of two bones - radius and ulna
    FORAMEN COMMUNE ANTERIUS, Vulva - f. and 20 muscles.
    Commune posterius, see Anus — f. Ethmoideum ,
    FOREHEAD , Front.
    Orbitar foramen , internal - f. Incisivum , see Pa- FORENSIC MEDICINE , Medicine , legal .
    latine canals - f. Infraorbitarium, see suborbitar FORESKIN , Prepuce.
    canal - f. Infrapubianum , Obturatorium fora- FORFEX , Scissors—f. Dentaria, Dentagra.
    men - f. Jugulare , Lacerum posterius foramen FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF . F.
    --f. Lacerum in basi cranii , Lacerum posterius is situate four leagues from Gournay, in the de.
    foramen - f. Lacerum inferius , Sphenomaxilla - partment of Seine Inférieure, France. There
    ry fissure- f Lacerum superius, Sphenoidal fis- are three springs, which are acidulous chaly ,
    sure - f. Oculi, Pupil — f. Orbitarium internum , beates . They are called Royale , Reinette, and
    Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Orbitarium supe- Cardinal , in honour of Louis XIII. Queen
    rius , Orbitar foramen , superior, F. Supra-orbita- Anne of Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu , who
    tarium - f. Ovale , Botal foramen , Obturatorium used them .
    foramen - f. Palatinum anterius, see Palatine ! FORMI'CA , Myrmex , avours, the ant or pis .
    FORMICANT 313 FOURCHETTE

    mire, ( F. ) Fourmi. It contains an acid juice . Fossa CoroNOIDE'A, Coronoid fossa , a cavity .

    and gross oil , which were formerly extolled as before the inferior extremity of the humerus, in
    aphrodisiacs. The chrysalides of the animal which the coronoid of process of the ulna is en
    are said to be diuretic and carminative ; and gaged during flexion the forearm .
    have been used in dropsy . 2. Also, the name Fossa Cotyloidea , see Cotyloid .
    of a black wart with a broad base and cleft sur
    face ; so called because thepain, attending it,lowFossa
    gutterETHMOIDA'lis, surfacefossa.
    onthe upperEthmoid of theAcribri:
    shal
    resembles the biting of an ant,uupunaia ,myrme- form plate of the ethmoid bone , on which is
    cia.- Forestus . 3. A varicose tumour anus
    on the
    and glans penis. 4. Also, any miliary herpes. lodged
    nerve .
    the expanded portion of the olfactory
    FORMICA AMBULATORIA , Herpes circinatus
    f. Corrosive, Herpes exedens. Fossa GUTTURA'lis , Guttural fossa . The
    FORM'ICANT, Myrme'cizon, Formi'cans, depression, which forms the guttural region of
    from formi'ca, “ an ant.' (F.) Fourmillant.An the base of the cranium , between the Foramen
    epithet, given to the pulse when extremely magnum and posterior nares.
    small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, and comFossa Magna MULIEBRIS , Vulva.
    municating a sensation like that of the motion FossÆ Occipita'les , Occipital fossa . These
    of an ant through a thin texture . are four in number ; the superior or cerebral,
    FORMICA’TION, Formica'tio, Myrmecias'- and the inferior or cerebellous. They are sepa
    mos, Myrmeciasis. Same etymon. (F.) Four- rated by a groove, which lodges the lateral
    millement. A pain , compared with that, which sinus .
    would be caused by a number of ants creeping Fossa PALATINA , Palate - f. Pituitaria, Sella
    on a part. turcica - f. Scaphoides, Navicularis fossa - f .
    FORMULA, from forma, “ a form ,' (F.) For- Supra-sphenoidalis, Pituitaria fossa - f. of Syl
    mule, Ordonnance. The receipt for the forma. vius, Ventricle, fifth - f. Magna Sylvii, Fissura
    tion of a compound medicine; a prescription . Sylvii - f. Umbilicalis, see Liver.
    FOR'MULARY, Formuldrium , Codex medi- FOSSE BASILAIRE, Basilary fossa — f. Sous
    camenta' rius. A collection of medical formulæ ¢ pineuse, Infra -spinata fossa — . Sus-épineuse,
    or receipts . Fossa supra -spinata.
    FORMULE, Prescription. FOSSES CONDYLOIDIENNES, Condy .
    FORNIX , Cam'era , Fornix trilat'erus,Psalis, loidea foramina.
    Testu 'do , Arcus medulla'ris, Trigone cérébral- FOSSES NASALES, OUVERTURES POS
    ( Ch .), (É .) Voute à trois piliers, Triangle Me- TÉRIEURES DES, Nares posterior.
    dullaire. A medullary body, observed in the Fossa Poplite'a, Poplite'al fossa . The hol
    brain, below the corpus callosum and above the low of the ham or the popliteal region .
    middle ventricle , on the median line . This FOSSETTE (F.), Diminutive of fossa . Scro
    body, which is curved upon itself, terminates bic'ulus, Bothrion. Several depressions are so
    anteriorly by a prolongation,which constitutes called. A dimpled chin, Fossette du menton,
    its anterior pillar orcrus, (F.) Pilier antérieur, consists in a slight depression, which certain
    and posteriorly by two similar prolongations, persons have on the chin . 2. A dimple of the
    called posterior pillars or crura . See Achico- cheek. (F.) Fossette des joues, a depression,
    lum , and Vault. which occurs on the cheeks of certain persons
    FORPEX , Scissors . when they laugh. ( F. ) Fossette du caur, Scro
    FORTIFIANT, Corroborant, Tonic . bic’ulus cordis, Anticardion, Præcor'dium . The
    FORTRAITURE , Hysteralgia . depression observed on a level with the xiphoid
    FOSSA , from fodio, ' I dig, Scamma. A ca- cartilage at the anterior and inferior part of the
    vity of greater or less depth, the entrance to chest. It is, also , called pit of the stomach, (F.)
    which is always larger than the base. The fos- Creur de l'estomac.
    sæ of bones have been called simple,when they FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE DU QUAT
    belong to one bone only, as the parietal fossa ; RIÈME VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius
    and compound , (F.) Fosses composées, when - f. du Cæur, Scrobiculus cordis,
    several concur in their formation,as the orbitar Fossette, Fos'sula , Anulus, Bothrium, is a
    fosse, temporal fossa , & c . small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the centre
    Fossa AMYNTÆ . A kind of bandage, used in of which is deep.
    fractures of the nose ; so called by Galen from FOSSORIUM , Fleam .
    Amyntas of Rhodes , its inventor. It consisted FOSSULA , Argema, Fossette.
    of a long band, applied round the head , the FOTUS , Fomentation - f. Communis, De .
    turns of which crossed at the root of the nose . coctum papaveris .
    Fossa CEREBEL'LI , (F.) Fosse cérébelleuse. FOUGÈRE FEMELLE , Pteris aquilina - f.
    The inferior occipital fossa, which lodges the Grande, Pteris aquilina.
    corresponding portion of the cerebellum. FOULURE, Sprain.
    FossÆ CEREBRA'LES , Cerebral fosse . Fossa FOURCHE (F.), from fourche, cleft,' from
    or excavations at the base of the cranium . furca, ' a fork .' Aposte'ma Phalan'gum . A
    They are nine in number; three occupy the French provincial term , for small abscesses,
    median ſine, and three are placed at each side. which form on the fingers and hands of work
    They are distinguished into anterior, middle, ing people. Also,an instrument,invented by
    and posterior. M. J. L. Petit for compressing the ranine
    FossÆ CORONA'LEs. The coronal or frontal artery , in cases of hemorrhage from that ves
    fosse . Depressions on the orbitar plates of the sel.
    frontal or coronal bone, which support the ante . FOURCHET'TE , Furcilla, a little fork ,
    rior lobes of the brain .
    Fur'cula . A surgical instrument used for
    40
    FOURMI 314 FRAMBOESIA

    raising and supporting the tongue , during the nience is remedied by carefully snipping it
    operation of dividing the frænum . with a pair of scissors. The French call this,
    Fourchette, in Anatomy, is, 1. The posterior l'opération du filet.
    commissure of the labia majora , called also , The FRÆNUM Penis , F. Præpu'tii, F. Glandis,
    Frænum and Fur'cula. 2. The cartilago ensi- Cynodes'mion , ( F.) Filet ou Frein de la verge, is
    formis ; so called from its being sometimes a membranous reflection which fixes the pre
    cleft like a fork . puce to the lower part of the glans. When too
    FOURMI, Formica. short, it prevents the prepuce from sliding over
    FOURMILLANT, Formicant. the glans.
    FOURMILLEMENT, Formication . FRÆNUM LABIO'RUM, ( F.) Frein des lèrres.
    FO'VEA, from fodio, ' I dig. ' Bothros. A There are two of these : one for the upper , the
    slight depression ; the pudendum muliebre ; see other for the lower lip . They unite these parts
    Vulva. Also , the fossa navicularis. A vapour to the maxillary bones, and are formed by the
    bath for the lower extremities. mucous membrane of the mouth .
    Fovea AXILLARIS , Axilla - f. Lacrymalis , La- FRÆNUM or FRÆN'ULUM CLITOR'IDIS . A
    chrymal fossa. slight duplicature, formed by the union of the
    FOXGLOVE , Digitalis. iniernal portions of the upper extremity of the
    FOYER , Fomes morbi . nymphe.
    FRACTURE, Fractu'ra, from fran'gere,' to FRÆNUM PRÆPUTII , F. Penis.
    break ,'' bruise ,' Catagʻma , Catag'ma Fractu'ra , FRÆNA OF THE VALVE OF BAUHIN . A namo
    Catar'is, Clasis, Clusma, Ayme, Diar'rhage. A given by Morgagni to the projecting lines
    solution of continuity in a bone., A simple formed by the junction of the extremities of the
    fracture is, when the bone only is divided. A two lips of the ileo.cæcal valve. They are also
    compound fracture is a division of the bone called Fræna and Retinacula Morgagnii.
    with a wound of the integuments communi. FRAGA'RIA , from fragro , ' I smell sweetly .'
    cating with the bone ;—the bone , indeed , gene. The Strawberry , Fraga'ria vesca, Chama'batos,
    rally protruding. In a comminuted fracture, ( F. ) Fraisier. The fruit is agreeable and whole.
    Alphite'don, a potrdor, Carye'don Cutag'ma, some, and the roots have been used as tonic and
    xagundov xatayua, the bone is broken into seve slightly diuretic. The fruit is the Fragum ,
    ral pieces: and in a complicated F. there is , in xowapor, of the ancients . (F ) Fraise.
    addition to the injury done to the bone, a lesion FRAGILE VITREUM , Fragilitas 09
    of some considerable vessel , nervous trunk , sium .
    &c . Fractures are also termed transverse , ob- FRAGIL'ITAS OS'SIUM , Osteopsathyro'
    lique, &c . , according to their direction . sis, Brit'lleness of the bones. Friability of the
    The treatment of fractures consists, in gene. bones, Puros'tia frag''ilis, Fragile vitreum .
    ral, in reducing the fragments when displaced ; Pathologists have given this name to the ex
    maintaining them when reduced ; preventing treme facility with which bones break in cer.
    the symptoms, which may be likely to arise ; lain diseases of the osseous texture . It is
    and combating them when they occur. The owing to a deficiency of the animal matter.
    reduction of fractures must be operated by FRAGMENT, Fragmen'tum , Fragmen , Ra
    extension , counter-extension , and coaptation . men'tum . The French use this terin for the
    (See these words . ) two portions of a fractured bone ; thus, they
    The parts are kept in apposition by position, speak of the superior and inferior fragment.
    rest, and an appropriate apparatus . The posi . FRAGMENTS , " PRECIOUS . A name formerly
    tion must vary according to the kind of frac. given , in Pharmacy, to the garnet, hyacinth ,
    ture. Commonly, the fractured limb, is placed emerald, sapphire and topaz. The Arabs
    on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane , in a falsely attributed to them cordial and alixite
    state of extension ; or rather in a middle state rial properties.
    between extension and flexion , according to FRAGON , Ruscus.
    the case. FRAGUM . See Fragaria.
    FRACTURE EN RAVE , Raphanedon. FRAISE. See Fragaria.
    FR.ICTURES PAR RESONNANCE. See FRAISIER . Fragaria .
    Contrafissura . FRAMBE'SIA , from Framboise, (F. ) A
    FRÆNA MORGAGNII, F. of the valve of raspberry, Syph'ilis' In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula,
    Bauhin . Thymio'sis, Lues Indica, Variola Amboinen'sis,
    FRÆNULUM , Frænum, Bride - f. Clitoridis , Lepra fungi'fera. The yaws , Epian, Pian. A
    Frænum clitoridis — f. Novum , Tænia semicir- disease of the Antilles and of Atrica ; charac.
    cularis . terized by tumours , of a contagious character,
    FRÆNUM , Fræ'nulum , Frenum , Filellum , which resemble strawberries , raspberries , or
    Filamen'tum . A bridle , a small bridle . A champignons ; ulcerate and are accompanied
    nane given to several membranous folds, with emaciation.
    which bridle and retain certain organs. The Pian , for so the Indians call it, differs
    FRÆNUM GLANDIS , F. penis . somewhat in America and Africa .
    T'he FRÆNUM or FRÆN'ULUM LinguÆ , ( F.) The Pian of Guinea , Framba'sia Guineen'sis,
    Filet de la langue, is a triangular reflection , Anthra'cia Řu'bula Guineen'sis, is common
    formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth, amongst the negroes , especially in childhood
    and situate between the inferior paries of that and youth . It begins by small spots, which
    cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue. appear on different parts, and especially on
    When the frænum extends as far as the extre- the organs of generation and around the anus ;
    mity of the tongue , it cramps its movements,these spots disappear, and are transformed into
    interferes with sucking , &c . This inconve- an eschar, to which an excrescence ls ,
    FRAMBOISE 315 FRIGORIFIC

    that grows slowly, and has the shape above | purr.'. Laënnec has given this name to the
    described. agitation , which is sensible to the hand, when
    The Pian of Amer'ica , Frambe'sia America'- applied on the præcordialregion, and which he
    na, Anthracia Ru'buia America'na, occurs un considers a sign of ossification or other con .
    der similar circumstances, and seems to be traction of the auriculo ventricular openings.
    transmitted by copulation . The tumours have This name was chosen by him from the analogy
    a similar form , and are greater in proportion to of the sound to the purring of a cat.
    their paucity . In some cases they are mixed FREMITUS , Bruissement, Shuddering .
    with ulcers.
    FRENA , Alveolus.
    The treatment is nearly the same in the two FRÈNE, Fraxinus excelsior - f. Épineux,
    varieties. The tumours will yield to mercurial Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
    friction , when small. When large , they must FRENUM , Frænum.
    be destroyed by caustic. In both cases, mer . FRET , Herpes.
    cury must be given to prevent a recurrence . FRÉTILLEMENT, Fidgets.
    FRAMBOISE , Rubus idæus. FRICATIO , Friction .
    FRANCOLIN , Attagen . FRICATORIUM , Liniment.
    FRANGES SYNOVIALES, Synovial glands,
    FRICE,which
    FRANGULA ALNUS , Rhamnus frangula. medicine FRICUM, FRICO'NIUM.
    the ancients Any
    employed under
    FRANKINCENSE , COMMON , see Pinus the form of friction. They distinguished the
    abies — f. True,Juniperus lycia. Frice siccum and F. Molle. - Gaubius.
    FRASERA CAROLINIENSIS, see Calum. FRICONIUM , Frice .
    ba - f. Walteri , see Calumba .
    FRICTA, Colophonia.
    FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia. FRICTION , Frictio, Frica'tio, Anat'ribe,
    FRATRATIO , Adelphixia .
    FRAXINELLA ,WHITE D, ictamnus albus. Anatrip'sis, Trypsis, from fricare,“to rub.'The
    action of rubbing a part of the surface of the
    FRAXINUS EXCEL'SIOR. The syste- body with more or less force, with the hands,
    matic name of the Ash tree , Frax'inus, Ornus a brush , flannel, & c , constituting Xerotrivia,
    seu Fraxinus sylves'tris, Bumellia seu Mace. Frica'tio sicca, or dry friction , or with oint
    don'ica Fraxinus, Bumelia. Ord. Oleineæ. (F.) ments, liniments, tinctures, &c. , constituting
    Frène. The fresh bark has a moderately moist friction. It is a useful means for exciting
    strong, bitterish taste. It has been said to pos- the activity of the vital properties of the skin.
    sess resolvent and diuretic qualities , and has FRICTUM , Liniment.
    been given in intermittents. The seeds , called FRICUM , Frice .
    Birds' tongues, Linguæ avis, Ornithoglos'sæ , FRIGIDARIUM , Bath , cold.
    have been exhibited as diuretics, in the dose FRIGIDITY , Frigid'itas, from, frig''idum
    of a drachm . Its sap has been extolled against cold .' A sensation of cold . Also impotence,,
    deafness .
    FRAXINUS MACEDONICA, F. excelsior. anddebility
    of sterility
    of. that
    Frigidity
    organ,of imputed
    the stomach is a state
    to excessive
    Fraxinus Orsus . The systematic name of venery,-lhe Anorexia exhausiorum of Sauvages.
    the tree whence manna flows. Fraxinus Melia .
    This substance is also called Manna Calabri'na , I FRIGORIFIC , from frigus,
    make . ' That which has the 'power
    cold ,' of
    andpro
    fio ,
    Ros Calabri'nus, Aerom'eli, Drosom'eli, Dry ducing cold .
    som'eli , Mel aë'rium . In Sicily , not only the The best FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES are the fol.
    Fraxinus Ornus, but also the rotundifoliu and lowing. Their effects are owing to the rapid
    excelsior are regularly cultivated for the pur . absortion of heat when solids pass into the
    pose of procuring manna, which is their con liquid state .
    temperature

    densed juice . Manna is inodorous, sweetish , FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES with Snow .


    with a very slight degree of bitterness ; in fria. Mixtures . Therm . fulls.
    From

    ble flakes, of a whitish or pale yellow colour; Snow , or pounded ice , two parts by
    any

    opaque, and soluble in water and alcohol. It is weight ; to - 5 °


    Muriate of Soda , 1.
    a laxative , and is used as a purgative for chil . Snow or pounded ice , 5.
    dren , who take it readily on account of its Muriate of Soda, 2. to - 19
    3.
    sweetness. More generally, it is employed as Muriate of Ammonia , 24 .
    an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose , Zssto Snow or poundedice , 10 . to - 78
    Zij. Its immediale principle is called Mannite. Muriate of Ammonia , 5.
    This has been recommended by Magendie as a Nitrate of Potash, 5.
    substitute for manna . Dose, zij for children . Snow or pounded ice , 12.
    FRASINUS ROTUNDIFOLIA , F. ornus. Muriate of Soda , 5. to - 25 °
    Nitrate of Armonia , 5.
    FRAYEUR NOCTURNE , Panophobia. Dilut. Sulph . Acid, 2. } from -+-399
    FRECKLES , Ephelides. Snow , 3. to - 23
    FREIN DES LÈVRES, Frænum labiorum Concentr. Mur. Acid, 5. ! from + 32
    to -27 °
    Snow , 8.
    -f. de la Verge, Frænum penis. Concentr . Nitrous Acid, 4. from -7.3.20
    FREINWALDE , MINERAL WATERS Snow , 7. to - 30 °
    OF. These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve Muriate of Line, 5. Í from + 32
    to -40°
    leagues from Berlin . They contain muriate Snow , 3.
    of soda, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of may: Crystall.
    Snow , Mur. of Lime, 2.
    from -t.39
    to - 50°
    nesia, sulphate of lime, carbonates of lime and Fused Polash , 4. from +32 '
    magnesia , iron, &c . , and are used in asthenic Snow , 3. to -51
    diseases. Frigorific Mixtures may also be made by the
    FRÉMISSEMENT, Shuddering. rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or
    FRÉMISSEMENT CATAIRE, (F.) Cat's lice . The salts mustbe finely powdered and dry.
    FRIGUS 316 FUCUS CRISPUS

    FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES WITHOUT Snow . exit from the skull at the upper part of the base
    Mirtures .
    Therm . falls. of the orbit, and ascends the forehead between
    from7.50° the bone and the orbicularis palpebrarum ; di
    5.
    Mur. of Ammonia , 5.
    Nitrate of Potasb ,
    16 .
    to - 10° viding into three or four branches, which are
    Water, distributed to the neighbouring muscles.
    5
    Mur. of Ammonia ,
    Nitrate of Potash , 5. from -+-50° The Frontal Furrow extends upwards from
    Sulphate of Soda, 8. to+ 10° the frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger
    16 .
    Water , in its course, to lodge the upper part of the su
    Nitrate of Ammonia, 1. ) fromtot
    1. + 50°
    4 perior longitudinal sinus, and to give attach
    Water, ment to the falx cerebri.
    1.
    Nitrate of Ammonia , - from -1-50 °
    Carbonate of Soda, 1.
    to 70 The FRONTAL Nerve, Palpébro-frontal,
    Water, 1. )
    (Ch .,) is the greatest of the three branches of
    Sulphate of Soda , 3. fromto =+.50°
    30 the opbthalmic nerve,-the first division of the
    Dilut . Nitrous Acid , 6. 5th pair. It proceeds along the superior paries
    Sulphate of Soda,
    Mur. of Ammonia, 4. from + 50 ° of the orbit, and divides into two branches :
    2. to- 10 ° the one, internal, which makes its exit from
    Nitrate of Potash,
    Dilut. Nitrous Acid , 6. the orbitar fossa, passing beneath the pulley of
    Sulphate of Soda ,
    Nitrate of Ammonia, 5. from -1.50
    - ° the oblique muscle :-the other, external, issu
    Dilut. Nitrous Acid , 4. S ing from the same cavity , by the foramen orbi
    Phosphate of Soda , 9. 1 from + 50 ° tarium superius.
    Dilut. Nitrous Acid, 4. to -- 12 °
    9. The FRONTAL SINUses , Frontales Sinus, Sinus
    Phosphate of Soda , from + 50 °
    Nitrate of Ammonia , 6.
    to -- 21°
    Supercilia'res, S. pituildrii frontis, Caterne
    Dilut. Nitrous Acid , 45 frontis, are two deep cavities in the substance
    Sulphate of Soda , 8 from + 50 of the frontal bone ,separated from each other
    Muriatic Acid , 5. from + 50° by a medium septum , and opening, below , into
    Sulphate of Soda ,
    Dilut . Sulphuric Acid , 4. to- 3º the anterior cells of the ethmoid bone.
    FRIGUS , Cold . The FRONTAL SPINE, Crista inter'na, is situate
    Frigus Tesus , see Rigor . in the middle of the under part of the bone, and
    is formed by the coalescence of the inner tables
    FRISSON , Rigor . for the attachment of the falx cerebri .
    FRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation .
    FROG , Ranula. Surgeons have given the name FRONTALIS,
    FROID,TONGUE
    Coldf, Glacial, Ice-cold. to a bandage or topical application to the fore
    FROLEMENT, (F. ) “ Grazing or touching head. Such have, also been called rigouetw
    lightly .' πιδια and ανακ ολληματα.
    FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS ,Occipito
    ofFROLEMENT PÉRICARDIQUE.
    the pericardium Rustling noise
    . A sound resembling that frontalis- f. Verus, Corrugator supercilii.
    produced by the crumpling of a piece of parch FRONTO -ETHMOID FORAMEN , Cæcum
    inent or of thick silken stuff, accompanying foramen - f. nasal, Pyramidalis nasi-- f. Sour
    the systole and diastole of the heart . Ii in- cilier , Corrugator supercilii .
    dicates roughness of the pericardium induced FROTHY , Spumo'sus, (F.) Spumeux, Écu
    by disease. meur, Mousseux. An epithet given to the fæces
    FROMAGE, Cheese . or sputa, when mixed with air.
    FROMENT, Triticum . FRUCTUS HORÆl , Fruit (summer.)
    FRONCEMENT, Corrugation. FRUGIV'OROUS , Frugit'orus, from fruges,
    FRONCLE , Furunculus . fruits ,' and roro, ' I eat. ' One that eats fruits.
    FRONDE , Funda . FRUIT , Fructus, from frui,' to enjoy :' Car
    FRONT, Frons, Melo'pon , Forehead, Brou . pos. In a medical sense, it may be defined to
    That part of the visage, which extends from be ; --that part of a plant, which is taken as
    one temple to the other, and is comprised, in a food . The effects of fruits on the body , in a medi
    vertical direction, between the roots of the hair cal as well as a dietetical point of view , are
    iary ridges . various. They may be distinguished into
    and the supercilFronta'lis.
    FRONTAL, Relating or belong. classes : for, whilst the Cerealia , for example,
    ing to the front. This name has been given afford fruits, which are highly nutritious, the
    to several parts. Winslow, Sömmering,and Summer Fruits( Fructus Horæi,) which include
    others, call the anterior part of the occipito- strawberries , cherries, currants, mulberries,
    frontalis -- the frontal muscle or frontalis : Mus raspberries, figs, grapes, &c., are refrigerant
    culo'sa Frontis Cutem morens substantia Par and grateful , but afford little nourishment.
    FRUMENTUM , Triticum .
    ( Vesalius .)
    The Frontal Boss , Os frontis , Os corona'le, FRUSTRATOIRE ( F.) Any liquor, taken a
    Os interecun'dum , Mcto'pon ,Os puppis , Os Ra- short time after eating, for the purpose of assist
    tionis. A double bone in the fætus , single in ing digestion , when difficult. Sugared water,
    the adult, situate at the base of the cranium , eau sucré, or water with the addition of a little
    and at the superior part of the face. It forms brandy, or some aromatic substance, is com
    the vault of the orbits ; lodges the ethmoid monly used for this purpose.
    bone in a notch at its middle part ; and is ar- FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS ,
    ticulated, besides , with the sphenoid , parietal , Caa- ghiyuyo — f. Indicus spinosus, Cara schulli.
    and nasal bones, the ossa unguis , superior max- FỨCUS, F. vesiculosus, Paint - f. Bladder ,
    illary , and malar bones . F. vesiculosus .
    The FRONTAL ARTERY, A. supra - orbita'lis , is FUCUS CRISPUS , Lichen Carrageen , Chon
    given off by the ophthalmic, which is itself a drus crispus , Spherococcus crispus, Ulra crispa ,
    branch of the internal carotid . It makes its Chondrus polymor’phus, Irish moss, Carragcen
    FUGA DÆMONUM 317 FUNCTION

    or Corrigeen moss, (F.) Mousse d'Islande, M. tion in the stomach or other part of the
    perlée. This Fucus of the Natural Family system .
    Algæ, is found on the coasts of England, Ire- FUMA'RIA, Fuma'ria officina'lis, Fumus ter
    land, Western France, Spain, and Portugal, re, Capnos, Herba melancholifuga, Fu'mitory
    and as far as the Tropics. It is also a native of Common Fu'mitory, Fumiter'ra, Sola'men Sca
    the United States . In Ireland , it is used by the bioso'rum , (F.) Fumeterre . The leaves are ex
    poor as an article of diet. tremely succulent, and have a bitter, some
    As met with in America, it is of a light yel. what saline, taste . ' The infusion of the dried
    low colour, and resembles plates of horn,crisped leaves and the expressed juice of the fresh plant
    and translucent. have been extolled for their property of clearing
    An agreeable jelly is obtained from it by boil the skin of many disorders of the leprous kind.
    ing in water or milk ; which formsa good article FUMA'RIA BULBO'SA , Aristolochi'a faba'cea ,
    of diet in consumptive cases. Its properties Coryd'alus bulbo'sus, Capnor'chis. The root of
    are indeed exactly like those of the Iceland this plant was formerly given as an emmena
    Moss. gogue and anthelmintic. ( F. ) Fumeterre bul.
    Fucus HelmintHo- Corton, Corallina Corsi. beuse.
    cana . FUMETERRE, Fumaria.
    Fucus Vesiculo'sus, Quercus Marina, Fucus, FUMIGATIO ANTILOIMICA GAUBII ,
    Bladder Fucus, Sea Onk , Sea Wrack , Yellow see Disinfection - f. Guytoniensis, see Disin
    Bladder Wrack, ( F.) Varec désiculeux, Chêne fection - f. Smythiana, see Disinfection.
    marin . It has been said to be a useful assistant FUMIGA'TİON , Fumigd tio, from fumus,
    to sea-water , in the cure of disorders of the ' smoke. Suffi'tus, Suffimen 'tum ,Apocapnismus,
    glands. When the wrack , in fruit, is dried , Thymia'ma , Capnis'mos, Hypocapnismos, Ana
    cleaned , exposed to a red heat in a crucible thymi'asis. An operation , the object of which
    with a perforated lid , and is reduced to powder, is to fill a circumscribed space with a gas or
    it forms the Ethiops vegetabilis — the Pulvis vapour ; with the intention either of purifying
    Quercûs Marine - of theDublin Pharmacopæia, the air, of perfuming it , or of charging it with
    which is used , like the burnt sponge , in bron- a substance proper for acting upon a part of the
    chocele and other scrofulous swellings. Its surface of the human body. Hence, fumiga
    efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. tions have been distinguished into aqueous, aro
    Dose, gr. x to Dij, mixed in molasses or honey . mutic, sulphureous, mercurial, disinfecting, Guy
    See Soda . tonian , & c.
    FUGA DÆMONUM, Hypericum perfora- Benzoin generally constitutes the chief in
    tum . gredient in the Fumigating Pastilles, to which
    FUGA'CIOUS, Fugax ,from fugere, ' to fly!'any variety of odoriferous substances may be
    An epithet given to certain symptoms, which added . The following is one formula :
    appear and disappear almost immediately after- He Benzoin. zj, cascarilla 3ss,myrrh Əj, ol.
    wards; as a fugacious redness , & c . nuc . moschat., ol. caryoph. aa gtt. x , potassa
    FUGAX , Fugacious. nitrat. 3ss, carbon. lign . 3vj, mucil. gum trag .
    FUGE, from fugo, ' I expel,'' an expeller.' ( 9. 5.)
    A common suffix . Hence Febrifuge, Vermi FUMIGATION, CHLORINE, see Disinfection - f.
    fuge, &c. Nitrous, see Disinfection - f. Oxymuriatic , see
    Disinfection .
    FU'GILĒ. This term bas several acceptations. FUMITERRA, Fumaria.
    It means , 1. The cerumen (q. v.) of the ear. 2. FUMITORY , Fumaria.
    The nebulous suspension in , or the deposition FUMUS ALBUS, Hydrargyrum - f. Citri
    from , the urine. 3. An abscess near the ear. nus, Sulphur - f. Terræ, Fumaria .
    -Ruland and Johnson . 4. Abscess in general . FUNCTION , Functio , (F.) Fonction , from
    -Forestus. fungor, “ I act,' perform .' The action of an
    FULGUR, Astrape.
    FULIG'INOUS, Fuligino'sus, from fuli'go, organ or system of organs.
    for accomplishing a vital Any act, necessary
    phenomenon . A
    6
    soot.' Lignyo'des. Having the colour of soot. function is an action , which fulfils a special
    An epithet given to certain parts, as the lips,l'office in the animal economy, andwhich has,as
    teeth, or tongue,when they assume a brownish its instrument, an organ or apparatusof organs.
    colour , or rather are covered with a coat of Thus, respiration isafunction. Its object is,
    that colour.
    the conversion of venous into arterial blood,
    FULI'GO , Soot, ( F.) Suie, & c. Wood soot, and its instrument is the lungs. The ancient
    Fuligo Ligni, consists of a volatile alkaline physiologists divided the functions into vital,
    salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed alkali, & c . A animal, and natural. They called vital func
    tincture , Tinctu'ra Fulig'inis, prepared from lions those which are essential to life ,as inner.
    jt, has been recommended as a powerfulanti- vation , circulation , and respiration ; animal
    spasmodic in hysterical cases . ( Fulig: lign. functions, those wbich belong to the encephia
    Zij, potass. subcarb. ibss, ammon. muriat. Zj. Mon ; viz : the functions of the intellect, the
    aquæ fluviat. ibiij. Digest for three days.) affections of the mind, and the voluntary mo
    This tincture bears the name Soot drops and tions; and natural functions, those relating to
    Fit drops. An ointment of soot has been used assimilation , such as the actionsof the abdomi.
    in various cutaneous diseases . nal viscera , of the absorbent and exhalant ves
    FULIGO ALBA PHILOSOPHORUM ,Am- sels, & c. Bichat divided the functions into
    moniæ murias. those, which relate to the preservation of the
    FULNESS, Repletio, Plen'itude, Pletho'ra species. The fornier he subdivided into animal
    (q. v.) Also, a feeling of weight or disten -land organic. The animal functions are those of
    FUNDA 318 FURUNCULUS

    the intellect, sensation , locomotion , and voice. Funic'ulus UMBILICA'LIS , Funis umbilica'lis,
    The organic functions include digestion , respi. Umbilical cord, Navel string, from Funis, .a
    ration , circulation , exhalation , absorption , the cord . ' (F.) Cordon ombilicale . A cord -like
    secretions, and nutrition. The functions whose substance, which extends from the placenta to
    object is the prescrvation of the species , are all the umbilicus of the fætus. It is composed of
    those that relate to generation ;-euch as con- the chorion, amnion , an albuminous secretion
    ception , gestation, accouchement, &c. called the Jelly of the Cord , cellular substance ,
    Each of these admits of numerous subdi- an umbilical vein , and two umbilical arteries .
    visions, in a complete course of Physiology ;— The former conveys the blood from the placenta
    for so the doctrine of the functions is called. to the fætus- the latter return it. The usual
    FUNDA , Sphen'donë. (F.) Fronde. A band- length is from 16 to 22 inches .
    age , composed of a fillet or long compress, cleft FUNICULUS Varicosus , Cirsocele.
    at its extremities to within about two inches of FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus - f. Hippocratis,
    its middle. It is used in diseases of the nose Achillis tendo - f. Umbilicalis, Funiculus umbi
    and chin , and especially in cases of fracture of licalis .
    the lower jaw . In such case it has , also, been FUR , Enduit.
    called Mentonnière, because placed beneath the FURCELLA INFERIOR, Xiphoid cartilage.
    chin . ( ( F. ) Menton, ' the chin .') FURCHMUHL, MINERAL WATERS
    FUNDAMENT, FALLING DOWN OF OF. These Bavarian ngs contain carbonic
    THE , Proctocele. acid, sulphurelled hydrogen, carbonates of lime
    FUNDAMENTAL. Some anatomists have and soda; muriates of lime and magnesia ,
    called the sacrum Os Fundamenta'le, because oxides of iron and magnesia, &c .
    it seems to serve as a base to the vertebral co
    FURCILLA, Fourchette.
    lumn . The sphenoid bone has, likewise , been FURCULA , Clavicle, Fourchette.
    so denominated, from its being situate at the FUREUR UTÉRINE , Nymphomania .
    base of the cranium . FURFUR , Bran , Pityron, Ach'yron, Canta
    FUNDUS, ( F.) Fond. The base of any organ , bru'no, ( F. ) Son. The skin of the grain of the
    which ends in a neck , or has an external aper: cerealia, when bruised and separated from the
    ture ; as the Fundus vesicæ , F. uteri , & c. farina. The decoction is sometimes employed
    FUNES CORDIS , Columnæ carneæ , f. Se- as an emollient.
    micirculares, Semicircular canals. FURFURA , Scarf.
    FUNG'OID , Fungoï'des, from fungus, ' a FURFURA'CEOUS , from furfur, bran . '
    mushroom , and aidos , resemblance. That Scurfy, Canica'ceus, Pithyrinus. Resembling
    which has the shape of a fungus, or which bran . A name given to eruptions, in which
    grows in some measure like a mushroom. the epidermis is detached in small scales re
    FUNGOS'ITY, Fungos'itas, Caroluru'rians, sembling bran. Also, a bran-like sediment ob.
    C. fungo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Proud Flesh, Hyper. served at times in the urine.
    sarco'sis, (F.) Fongosité. The quality of that FURFURATIO , Porrigo.
    which is fungous :-fungous excrescence. The FURIA INFERNA'LIS, A kind of vermi
    fungosities, which arise in wounds or ulcers, are form insect, scarcely two lines long, and com
    easily repressed by gentle compression , dry lint, mon in Sweden, which flies about and stings
    the sulphas cupri, or other gentle caustics. At both man and animals, exciting the most ex
    times, the more powerful are necessary, and , cruciating torture.
    sometimes, excision is required. FURONCLE, Furunculus.
    FUNGUS, Myces, (F.) Fongus, Champignon. FUROR BREVIS , Rage - f. Uterinus , Nym
    The mushroom order of plants ; cluss Crypto phomania .
    gamia, in the Linnæan system. In Pathology, FURUN'CULUS, from furia're, to make
    the word is commonly used synonymously with mad .' Chi'adus, Chi'oli , Doth'ien , Furun'culus
    fungosity , M. Breschet has proposed to re suppurato'rius, F. Verus, F. benignus, Absces'.
    serve the latter name for the vegetations, which sus nuclea'tus.' A Furuncle, a Boil, a Bile, ( F.)
    arise on denuded surfaces, and to apply the term Furoncle, Froncle, Clou . A small phlegmon,
    fungus to the tumours , which form in the sub- which appears under the form of a conical ,
    stance of the textures, without any external hard, circumscribed tumour, having its seat in
    ulceration . Fici , and warts , e. g. would be the dermoid texture. At the end of an uncer
    fungi of the skin. lain period, it becomes pointed , white or yellow ,
    Fungus Albus SALIGNEUS , Boletus suaveo . and gives exit to pus mixed with blood . When
    lens - f. Articuli , Spina ventosa—f. Bleeding, it breaks, a small, grayish , fibrous mass some.
    Hæmatodes, fungus - f. Cancrosus hæmatodes, times appears, which consists of dead cellular
    Hæmatodes F - f. Cancrosus medullaris , see tissue. This is called the Core, Ventriculus
    Encephaloid - f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid- Furun'culi, ( F. ) Bourbillon . The abscess does
    f. Cerebri, Encephalocele - f. Cynosbali, Bede- not heal until after its separation .
    guar - f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius- f Laricis , The indications of treatment are ,-to discuss
    Boletus laricis - f. of Malta, Cynomorion coc: by the application of leeches and warm fomen
    cineum - f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid - f. tations;-or, if this cannot be done, to encour .
    Melitensis , Cynomorion coccineum -f. Petræus age suppuration by warm , emollient cataplasms.
    marinus, Umbilicus marinus - f. Quercinus, When suppuration is entirely established, the
    Boletus igniarius-f. Rosarum , Bedeguar - f. part may be opened or suffered to break, ac
    Salicis, Boletus suaveolens—f. Sambucinus, cording to circumstances.
    Peziza auricula. FURUNCULUS GANGRÆNOSUS , Anthrax-f.Ma.
    FUNICULUS , Cord - f. Spermaticus, Sper. lignus , Anthrax - f. Ventriculus , see Furun
    matic chord - f. Tympani, Chorda tympani. 1 culus.
    FUSEE PURULENTE 319 GALENIC

    FUSÉE PURULENTE, ( F.). The long and almost always form beneath the skin , between
    sinuous route, which pus takes,in certain cases, the muscles, or along aponeuroses, bones, ten .
    in making its way to the surface. These Fusées dons, &c .

    G.

    The Greek G , r, with the ancient Greek GALACTOPOIETICA ,Galactophora ; from


    physicians, signified an ounce.—Rhod. ad Scri- yaha, milk ,' and 101EW, ‘I make.' Substances,
    bonium to which has been attributed the property of
    GABALLA , Cabal. favouring the secretion of milk and auginenting
    Gabel'la or GLABEL'LA. The space be its quantity .
    tween the eyebrows , which is devoid of hair in GALACTOPOʻSIA , from yada, milk ,' and
    the majority of persons . 710019 , drink .' Treatment of a disease by
    GABIR'EA , yapıora . A fatty kind of myrrh , means of milk .
    mentioned by Dioscorides . GALACTOP'OTES, Galactop'otus, Lactipo
    GAGEL , Myrica gale. tor. Sane etymon . Å drinker of milk . One
    GAGUE - SANG , Caque-sung. subjected to a milk diet.
    GAHET, Cagot. GALACTOPYRA ,Fever , milk.
    GAIAC, Guaiacum . GALACTO'SIS, Galactopoie'sis, from ya.
    GAILLET ACCROCHANT, Galium aparine laxtoouar, ' I am changed into milk , and from
    g . Crochant, Galium aparine - g . Jaune, Ga- yahu, milk ,' and 1101E0), ' I make .' The secre
    lium verum - 5. Vrai, Galium verum . tion or formation of milk .
    GAINE, Vagina or sheath - g. de l'Apophyse GALACTURIA , Chyluria.
    styloide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone- GALANGA , Maranta G.
    g . de la veine porte, Vagina or slieath of the GALANGAL , Maranta galanga.
    vena porta. GALANGALE , Cyperus longus.
    GALA, yaha, genitive yaloxtos , milk , (q . v . ) GALARIPS , Allamanda.
    Hence : GALAXIA , Thoracic duct.
    GALACTIA , Galactirrha'a, from yala, GALBANUM , LONG -LEAVED, Bubon
    * milk . ' Lactis redundantia , Galactacra'sia. A galbanum .
    redundant flow of milk , either in a female who GAL'BULUS, from galbus, ' yellow. ' A
    is suckling, or in one who is not . It may oc- kind of congenital jaundice, in which the yel
    cur without being provoked by sucking. When low colour continues through life . It is rather
    to a greatextent, it sometimes causes wasting; a defectin colour than a disease. – Vogel.
    Tabes lactea, T. nutri'cum . Good uses Galad'. GALE, Myrica gale - g. Odorant , Myrica
    tia, in his Nosology, for “morbid flow or de- gale- .. Sweet, Myrica gale .
    ficiency of milk .' GALE, Psora - g . Canine, Psoriasis — g. Mili
    GALACTACRASIA , Galactia . aire , l'soriasis - g . Sèche, Psoriasis.
    GALACTIRRHEA , Galactia . GALEA. A helmet, from yahr, ' a cat ; ' of
    GALACTO’DES, from yahu, milk ,' and the skin of which it was formerly inade. A
    name given to the amnios, ( q. v .) and also , to
    & idos , resemblance . ' In Hippocrates, the term
    signifies milkwarm , and likewise a milky co the bandage of Galen , (q . v.) In Pathology, it
    lour , as of the excrements , & c . indicates a headache affecting the whole head .
    GALACTOPH'AGOUS,Galuctoph'agus, Lac- See, also , Caul.
    tid'orus, sometimes used substantively ; from Galea APONEURO'TICA CAP'itis , Ga'lea ten
    yada, milk , and gayw , ' I eat.' That which dinea Santorini, membra'na epicra'nia . The ten.
    ſeeds on milk . A name given to certain peo- dinous expansion , which unites the frontal and
    ple, with whom milk appears to constitute the occipital portionsof the occipito-frontalis muscle.
    chief nourishment, GALEAN'THROPY , Galeanthro'pia, from
    GALACTOPHORA , Galactopoietica. yaln , ' a cat ,' and arguitos, a man . ' A variety
    GALACTOPH'OROUS, Lactiferous, (q. v.) of inelancholy in which the patient believes
    from yaia , milk,' and gegw, ' I carry.' That hinself changed into a cat. An affection simi.
    which carries milk . lar to the lycanthropy and cynanthropy.
    GALACTOPH'orous or Lactif'erous Ducts GALE'ĞA OFFICINA'LIS, Galega, Ruta
    are those, which convey the milk , secreted by cupra'ria , Goat's rue, ( F.) Rue de chèvre, Faux
    the mammary gland, towards the nipple, where Indigo. It is slightly aromatic and was once
    their external orifices are situate . The Lacteals used as a sudorific and alexiterial , in malignant
    have also been so called . fevers, & c .
    GALACTOPH'ORUS . Some accoucheurs have The Galega VIRGINIA'NA or l'irgin'ia goat's
    given this name to an instrument, intended to rue or cat gut, is used in some parts of the
    facilitate sucking, when the faulty conforma- United States as an anthelmintic . The decoc
    tion of the nipple prevents the child from laying tionGALENIC
    of the roots is given .
    hold of it . or GALEN'ICAL , Galen'icus,
    GALACTOPLA'NIA , from yana, milk ;' froin Galenus. That which relates to the doc
    and ravn,'wandering.' Extravasation ofmilk trine of Galen or to Galenism .
    into the cellular membrane. Used , substantively , for drugs that are not
    GALACTOPOIESIS , Galactosis . chymical.
    GALENISM 320 GANGLION

    GALENIC MEDICINE, Galenism . by the hepatic and cystic ducts , a portion of


    GA’LENISM , Galen'ic med'icine. The doc- the bile secreted by the liver, when the sto
    trine of Galen . mach is empty, which becomes in it more acrid,
    GAʼLENIST. A follower of the doctrines bitter, and thicker . It receives an artery called
    of Galen . the cystic. Its veins empty into the vena porta.
    GALEOBDOLON , Galeopsis. Its nerves come from the hepatic plexus, and
    GALEOPDOLON , Galeopsis. its lymphatic vessels join those of the liver.
    GALEOPSIS , Lamium album. GALLSTONES, Calculi , biliary.
    GALEOP'sis, Galeobdolon , Galeop'dolon, La'- GALLA MAXIMA ORBICULATA . See
    mium rubrum , Urti'ca iners magna fætidis'sima, Quercus cerris .
    Stachys fæt'ida , Hedge nettle, (F.) Ortie morte GALLÆ QUERCUS , see Quercus cerris ,
    des bois . g. Tinctoriæ , see Quercus cerris - g. Turcicæ,
    This plant was formerly reckoned a vulne- see Quercus cerris.
    rary and anodyne. GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallin
    Galeopsis GRANDIF'LORA, G. Ochroleu'ca , aginis caput.
    G. Segetum , Herba Sideritidis. This plant is GALLINAG'INIS CAPUT, Galli gallina' cei
    regarded , in Germany, as a bitterresolvent. It Caput, Verumonta'num , Crista urethra'lis,
    6a
    is the basis, also , of a celebrated nostrum, the Crête urethrale, - (Ch .,) from Gallinago,
    Blankenhcimer Tea, called , likewise , Lieber's woodcock . ' An oblong, rounded , projection,
    pectoral and phthisical herbs (Liebersche formed by the mucous membrane in the spongy
    Brust oder Auszehrungs-Krauter,) portion of the urethra,at the sides of which the
    which has enjoyed great repute in pectoral ejaculatory ducts open .
    complaints. GAL'LİPOT. Perhaps from gala ,' finery .' (?)
    The tops of the plant are given in decoction , A pot painted and glazed or merely glazed, and
    (3) , boiled in a pint of water for a quarter of an commonly used for medicines.
    hour.) This quantity to be taken in the day. GALLITRICHUM , Salvia sclarea .
    The Galeop'sis Versid olor, and the G. Vil. GALLS , see Quercus cerris-g . Nut, see
    losa , are possessed of the same virtues. Quercus cerris — g .Turkey , see Quercus cerris .
    Gáleopsis OCHROLEUCHA, G. grandiflora - g. GALREDA , Gelatine.
    Segetum , G. grandiflora. GALVANISM , Galvanis'mus, Electricitas
    GA'LIA . An ancient composition, in which anima'lis, E. Galvan'ica vel metallica , Irrita
    were an ingredient; the Galia pura. There mentum metallo'rum vel metal'licum . A series
    was, also, a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta vel of phenomena , consisting in sensible move
    musca'ta , which consisted of a mixture of se- ments, executed by animal parts , which are
    veral perfumes,such as musk . still endowed with a remnant of irritability,
    GALIPAA FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febri- when placed in connexion with two metallic
    fuga. plates of different nature , between which a
    GALIPOT. See Pinus sylvestris . communication is established by direct contact
    GALIUM , G. verum . or by means of a metallic wire. Galvanism
    Galium ALBUM, G. mollugo. has been employed medicinally in the same
    Ga’lium APARI'NE, Aparinē, Lappa, Philan- cases as electricity , and especially in neuralgic
    thropus, Ampelocar pus, Omphalocar'pus,Ixus, affections. It is often applied in the form of
    Asphari'nē, Asper'ula , Goose-grass, Cleaver's plates . In asthma, for example, a small blister ,
    bees, Cleavers, Goose-share, Hayriff. Family, the size of a dollar ,may be placed on the neck
    Rubiacea. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. over the course of the phrenic and pneumogas
    (F.) Gaillet accrochant, G. crochant, Grutieron. tric nerves , and another on the side in the re
    The expressed juice has been given as an gion of the diaphragm . One metal is placed
    aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies; also, in mediately or immediately over the vesicated
    cancer . surface on the neck , and another over that in
    Galium LUTEUM, G. verum . the side . They are then connected by means
    Galium Mollu'GO , Galium album , Greater of a wire .
    ladies' bed -strar . Alys'sum Plin''ii, ( F.) Caille- The new nervous impression , in this way
    lait blanc. The herb and flowers have been induced, is often signally beneficial.
    used , medicinally , in epilepsy. GALVANOPUNCTURE , Electropuncture.
    GA'lium VERUM, Ga'lium , G. lu'teum , La- GAMBOGIA , Cambogia.
    dies' bed-straw, Cheese rennet, (F.) Gaillet jaune , GAMMARUS , Crab .
    G. orai, Vrai Cailleluit. The tops were used in GAM'MATA FERRAMENTA , Cauteries ,
    the cure of epilepsy. The leaves and flowers having the shape of the Greek letter I ; which
    possess the property of curdling milk. were used for cauterizing hernias .
    GALL, Bile , Glass , see Vitrum and Eczema GAMMAUT. The Italians, according to
    impetiginodes — g. Nut, see Quercuscerris-g. Scultetus, gave this name to a kind of crooked
    of the Ox, see Bile - g. Sickness, Fever, Wal. bistouri, usedfor opening abscesses.
    cheren . GAMPHELE , Gena .
    GALL -BLADDER, Vesic'ula fellis , Chol '. GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA , Thala.
    ecyst, Folliculus fellis, Cystis fellea ,' Vesi'ca mi nervorum opticorum-g. Nervorum , Gan.
    feilea , Vesic'ula bilis, Vesi'ca biliaria , Follic' glions, nervous.
    ulus felleus, Cystis choled'ochus, (F.) Vésicule GANG LIFORM or GANG'LIOFORM ,
    du fiel ou Vésicule biliare, Réservoir de la bile. Gungliformis. Having the shape of a ganglion.
    A membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged A name generally given to a knot-like enlarge
    in a superficial depression at the inferior sur- ment, in the course of a nerve.
    face of the right lobe of the liver. It receives,! GANGLION , yayyalov, ' a knot. ' A name,
    GANGLION 321 GAPING

    given to organs differing considerably from GANGLIONES GANGLIOFORMES , Gan.


    each other in size , colour, texture , functions, glions nervous.
    & c . They are divided into Glandiform , lyr . GANGLION'IC , Ganglion'icus. Nerves, in
    phatic, and nervous. the course of which ganglions are met with ;
    1. GLAND'iform Ganglions, called by Bé- as the greater part of the branches of the great
    clard, Sanguineous ganglions, are organs of sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the posterior
    whose functions we are in general, ignorant; roots of the spinal nerves , & c .
    and which have the appearance of glands. GANGLIONIC NERVE , Trisplanchnic G.
    They are formed of agglonierated globules, GANGRÆNA ALOPECIA , Alopecia - 8.
    pervaded by blood -vessels; surrounded by cel. Caries, Caries - g. Nosocomiorum , Hospital
    lular membrane and contain a milky or yellow- gangrene - g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus - g. Ossis,
    ish fluid, 'To this class belong the thymus, thy- Spina ventosa - g. 'Ossium , Caries - g. Sphace
    and supra- renal
    roid , Lymphat'iC glands. lus, Sphacelus - g . Ustilaginea , Ergotism .
    2. GANGLIONS. See Conglo- GANGRENE , Gangraria , Cancre'na, yayı
    bate . yoaiva. Privation of life or partial death of an
    3. NERVOUS GANGLIONS , Ganglia seu Nodi organ. Authors have generally distinguished
    seu Noduli Nervorum , Ganglio'nes, Tumores mortification into two stages; naming the first
    seu plerus ganglioformes, Plexus glandiformes, incipient, or gungrene. It is attended with a
    Tuber'cula nodo su Nervo'rum , Divertic'ulu Spi- sudden diminution of feeling in the part affect
    rituum anima'lium. Enlarge nents or knots in ed; livid discoloration ; detachment of the cuti
    the course of a nerve. They belong, in gene- cle, under which a turbid fluid is effused ; with
    ral, to the system of the great sympathetic . crepitation, owing to the disengagement of air
    One, however, exists on the posterior root of into the cellular texture.
    every spinal nerve , and one of the cerebral,- When the part has become quite black , and
    the 5th. Bichat regarded them as so many incapable of all feeling , circulation , and life , it
    small brains , or centres of nervous action, inde- constitutes the second stage, or mortification,
    pendent of the encephalon, and intended exclu- and is called sphacelus. Gangrene, however,
    sively for organic life. Being formed by the is frequently used synonymously with mortifi
    union of the cerebral and spinal nerves, they cation , -local asphyria being the term employed
    may send out the influence of both these ner- for that condition, in which the parts are in a
    vous centres , to the parts to which the nerves state of suspended animation , and, consequent
    proceeding from them are distributed . We ly, susceptible of resuscitation .
    know not, however,their precise uses, although When the part is filled with fuid entering
    it is probable , that they may be connected with into putrefaction, the affection is called humid
    the nutrition of the part , on which the nerves gangrene; on the other hand , when it is dry and
    proceeding from them are dispersed. shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene. To this
    Ganglion ABDOMINALE,G. semilunar - g. of class belongs the gangræna senilis or sponta.
    Andersch , Petrosal ganglion-- g, Auricular, neous gangrene of old people, which rarely
    Oticum G.-g. Cérébrul inférieur, grand , Tha- admits of cure.
    lami nervorum opticorum - g. of the Cerebrum , Whatever may be the kind of gangrene, it
    posterior, Thalaminervorum opticorum - g. du may be caused by violent inflammation, contu
    Cervelet, Corpus dentatum . sion, a burn , congelation , the ligature of a large
    GANGLION OF GASøe'rius. A semicircular arterial trunk , or by some internal cause inap
    knot on the 5th pair of nerves , before its divi- preciable to us.
    sion into three branches . The treatment, both of external and internal
    GANGLION LENTICULAR, G. Ophthalmic - g gangrene, variesaccording to the causes wbich
    Lymphatic, Conglobate gland - g. Marillo-tym- produced it. Gangrene from excessive inflam
    panique, Oticuin G - g. of Meckel, Spheno- mation is obviated by antiphlogistics ; and that
    palatine G.-g. Orbitar, G.ophthalmic - g. Oti. from intense cold by cautiously restoring the
    cum, Oticum G.- 5 . Sanguineous, G. glandi- circulation by cold frictions , &c . When the
    form - g. Solare , G. semilunare-g. Sphenoi- gangrene has become developed , the separa
    dal , Spheno-palatine ganglion - g. Splanchni- tion of the eschars must be encouraged by emol
    cum, G. semilunare - . Supérieur du cerveau lient applications, if there be considerable reac
    (grand,) Corpora striata - g. Surrénal, G. semi- tion ; or by tonics and stimulants if the reaction
    lunare - g. Transversum , &. semilunare - g. de be insufficient.
    Vieussens, Cæliac plexus. GANGRÈNE D'HÔPITAL, Hospital gan
    GANGLION . Sanie etymon. Emphy'ma en- grene - g. des Solonois, Ergotism .
    cys'tis ganglion . A globular, hard , indolent GANTELET, ( F .) Chirotheca, Fascia digita '.
    tumour, without change in the colour of the lis ; from (F.) gant, a glove. A sort of bandage,
    skin ; of a size varying from that of a pea, to which envelops the hand and fingers, like a
    that of an egg,andalways situate on the course glove. It is made with a long roller, about an
    of a tendon. The tumour is formed of a viscid, inch broad ; and is applied so that the fingers
    albuminous fluid, contained in a cyst of greater are covered to their tips ,when it is called Gan
    or less thickness. The cyst is sometimes loose ; lelet entier ou complet. The Demi-gantelet in
    butin the majority of cascs it communicates, cludesonly the hand and base of the fingers.
    by a narrow foot stalk , with the sheath of á Both bandages are used in fractures and luxa.
    tendon, or even with the synovial capsule of a tions of the fingers,burns of the hand, &c. See
    neighbouring articulation . The causes are ge- Chirotheca .
    nerally unknown. The treatment consists in GANTS DES DAMES, Condom - g . de Notre
    compression, percussion , the use of discutients, Dame, Digitalis.
    extirpation , or incision . GAPING , Yawning.
    41
    GARAMATITES 322 GASTRITIS

    GARAMATITES , Sandastros. dise , Nitrogen , gaseous oxide ofwg. Sulphuris,


    GARANCE , Rubia . Sulphurous acid .
    GARCINIA MANGOSTA'NA . The sys GASCARILLA , Croton cascarilla .
    tematic name of the Mangos'tan or Mangous'- GASTEIN , MINERAL WATERS OF. G.
    tan tree. Mangostuna. It grows in great abun is in Bavaria . The waters are saline . Temp.
    dance in Java and the Molucca islands. The 1060 to 1170 Fahr.
    fruit, which is about the size of an orange, is GASTER , yantip . The abdomen, ( q. v.)
    delicious, and is eaten in almost every disorder. Also , the stomach . (q.v.) in particular ; Hence:
    The dried bark is used medicinally in dysente- GASTERANAX . A ' name given by Dolæus
    ries and tenesmus ; and a strong decoction has to a hypothetical vital principle, corresponding
    been much esteemed in ulcerated sore throat. to the Archeus of Van Helinont, the seat of
    GARDE -MALADE, Nurse. which he placed in the lower belly . See Bith
    GARDEROBE , Arieinisia abrotanum . nimalca .
    GARDEROBES, Fæces . GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS . Obstruction
    GARDOUCHES, Vesiculæ seminales. of the pylorus , from yuonia, stomach ,' ayyo),
    GARETUM , Poples. • I strangle,' and sugoanow , I obstruct.'— Vogel.
    GAR’GALE , Gar'galos, Gargalis'mos, Titil- GASTRALGIA , Cardialgia.
    la'tio, Irrita'tio, Pruri'tus. Titillation , irritation , GASTRIC , Gas'tricus, from yantre , ' the
    itching. stomach .' Belonging or relating to the stomach .
    GARGALISMOS, Gargale. The GASTRIC AR'TERIES are three in num
    GARGALOS, Gargale. ber. Arte'ria gastro- epiploica dextra , gastro
    GARGAREON , Uvula . epiplo'ica sinis'ıra, and'.s.corona'ria ventri'culi.
    GAR'GARISM , Gargaris'mus, Gargaris'ma, The GASTRIC VEins follow the same distri
    Anagargalic'la, Gargaris'mum, Collutorium , bution as the arteries, and open into the Vena
    Diaclys’ma, Anagargaris'ton, Anaconchylis'm os, porta abdominis.
    . Any li .
    from yaoyaoitw , * 1 wash the mouth . ' GASTRIC NERVES. The two cords by which
    quid medicine , intended to be retained in the the pneumogastric nerves terminate and which
    mouth , for a certain time, and to be thrown in descend on the two surfaces of the stomach ; as
    contact with the uvula , velum , pendulum , ton- well as the filaments of the great sympathetic ,
    sils, & c. For this purpose, the liquid is agi- which accompany the gastric vessels,
    tated by the air issuing from the larynx, the GASTRIC Plexus, Plexus corona'rius rentri'
    head being thrown back . Gargles are em- culi. A nervous net-work, formed by the solar
    ployed in cynanche tonsillaris and other dis plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria
    eases of the fauces , and are made of stimulants , ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature
    sedatives, astringents, refrigerants, &c. accord of the stomach, to which it gives branches.
    ing to circumstances. GASTRIC JUICE , Succus gastricus, ( F.) Suc
    The term collutorium or collutorium oris, is Gastrique, Gastric Acid . A Huid ,secreted from
    generally restricted to a wash for the mouth. the mucous membrane of the stomach . As met
    GARGOUILLEMENT, Borborygmus, Gur. with , it is a mixture of the fluids secreted by
    gling. See Râle muqueur. that organ with those of the supra -diaphragma
    GARLIC , Allium . tic portion of the alimentary canal . Owing to
    GAROSMUM , Chenopodium vulvaria . such admixture , the most contrary properties
    GAROU BARK , Daphne gnidium . have been assigned to it . That such a fluid is
    GARRETUM , Poples. secreted , which concurs powerfully in diges.
    GARROPHYLLUS, Eugenia caryophyllata. tion , is evident from many considerations, and
    GARROT, (F.) from garrolter, to tie fast.' | has been positively proved by the author and
    A small cylinder of wood, used for tightening numerous others. It is always found to contain
    the circular band , by which the arteries of a muriatic and acetic acids.
    limb are compressed, for the purpose of sus- The gastric fluid , in cases of sudden death ,
    pending the flow of blood in cases of hemor- sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach ;
    rhage, aneurism , amputation , & c. giving rise to interesting questions in medical
    GARROTILLO , Cynanche maligna. jurisprudence.
    GARRULITAS , Loquacity. GAS'TRICISM , Gastricis'mus, from yaotye,
    GARUM , yapov. The ancient Romans gave the stomaeh . ' A name , by which is desig
    this name to a kind of pickle made by collect. nated the medical theory , that refers all , or al
    ing the liquor which flowed froin salted and most all , diseases to an accumulation of saburre
    half putrefied fish. It was used as a condiment in the digestive passages.
    -The Gcoponics, Humelberg on Apicius, Mar- GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimythos .
    tial, & c . GASTRINUM , Potash .
    GAS AMMONIACAL , Ammonia- G. Ani . GASTRI'TIS , Ventriculi inflamma'tio, Cau
    male sanguinis , G. sanguinis - g. Azoticum , ma gastritis, Inflamma'tio gastritis, Cardialgia
    Azote -- g . Azoticum oxygenatum , Nitrogen, inflammatoria , Febris stomach'ica inflammato'
    gaseous oxide of - g . Hepaticum , Hydrogen, ria , Inflamma'lio rentriculi, Inflammation of the
    sulphuretted - g: Hydrogenium sulphuretum , stomach, Empres'ma gastritis, ( F.) Gastrite,
    Hydrogen, sulphuretted - g. Intoxicating, Ni- Catarrhe gastrique. A disease , characterized
    trogen , gaseous oxide of - g - Laughing, Nic by pyrexia ; great anxiety ; heat and pain in the
    trogen , gaseous oxide of - g. of the Lungs, Gas, epigastrium , increased by taking any thing into
    pulimonary - g. Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Ni- the stomach ; vomiting and hiccup . Gastritis
    trogen , gaseous oxide of - g. Oxygenated mu may either be seated in the peritoneal or mu
    riatic acid, Chlorine-- g Oxymuriatic acid , cous coat . It is most frequently in the latter
    Chlorine-g. Palustre, Miasm ,marsh -- g .Para -l (Esogastritis,) being excited directly by acrid
    GASTRO -ARTHRITIS 323 GAZ

    ingesta . It requires the most active treat- ſand omentum majus. It terminates, by join '
    ment ;-bleeding, blistering , fomentations, di- ing the right gastro -epiploic.
    luents , &c . The GASTRO-EPIPLOIC Veins are distinguish
    A less degree of inflammation of the mucous ed , like the arteries, into right and left. They
    coat of the stomach is considered to be present einpty themselves ;—the former, into the supe
    in almost all fevers, rior mesenterie : the latter, into the splenic
    GASTRO -ARTHRITIS , Gout- g Bronchi- vein .
    tis , Fever , adeno -meningeal - g. Entérite in- Gastro- Epiploic GANGLIONS are the lym
    tense, Synochia - g. Entérite , with nervous af- phatic ganglions or glands , situate towards the
    fection of the brain , see Typhus - g. Enteritis , great curvature of the stomach, between the
    follicular , Dothinenteritis , see Typhus. iwo anterior laminæ of the omentum majus.
    GASTROBRO'SIS , from yaotia, the sto- GASTRO - HEPATIC , Gastro -hepaticus or
    mach ,' and powois, ' the act of gnawing.' Per- Hep'ato- gus'tricus; froin yaptig, ' the stomach,'
    foration of the stomach. -Alibert . and илар , ' the liver . ' Relating to the stomach
    GASTROCE'LE , from yaone, the sto. and liver. This name has been given to seve
    mach ,' and xian , ia tumour .' Hernia of the ral organs. See Epiploon , Gastro -epiploic, &c .
    Stomuch, Hernia ventric'uli, (F.) Hernie de GASTRO-HYSTEROTOMY, Cæsarean
    l'Estomac. Hernia , formed by ihe stomach section.
    through the upper part of the linea alba :-a GASTRO -MALAXIA, Gastro-mala'cia,
    disease , the existence of which has been doubl. 'from yootie , ' the stomach ,' and manaoow , ' I
    ed by many. See Epigastrocele. soften .' Softening of the stomach .
    GASTROCNE'MIT, from yaorre , the GASTRO - PHRENIC , Gastro- phren'icus,
    belly,' and zorun, the leg.' The name of the from yootio , ' the stomach ,' and TOEIES, the
    two fleshy masses , which occupy the posterior diaphragm . Belonging to the stomach and
    and superficial part of the leg ; (F.) Gastroc- diaplıragm .
    némiens, Jumeaur de jambe, Gemelli, Bife. The GASTRO - PHRENIC LIGAMENT is a reflec
    moro-calcunien-(Ch. ) ; the two constituting tion of the peritoneum , which descends from
    the Gustrocnemius exter'nus of English anato- the inferior surface of the diaphragm to the
    mists. These muscles are distinguished into cardia .
    internal and external, which are distinct above, GASTRORAPHY , Gastrora'phia , Satu'ra
    but united at their inferior extremity. They abdomina'lis, from yaotro, ' the belly ,' and
    are long, flat, and thick, and arise - the former, pop , a suture . ' The suture , used for uniting
    from the posterior part of the outer condyle of wounds penetrating the abdomen , when they
    the femur; the lutter, from the posterior part of are too extensive or too unequal to be kept in
    the inner condyle of the same bone. The apo. contact by position , adhesive plaster, or appro
    neurosis, which unites these muscles below , priate bandages. The interrupted and quilled T
    !
    joins with that of the solaris, and forms, with sutures are those chiefly employed . 1
    it, a large lendon, which, under the name GASTRORRHAGIA , Hæmalemesis .
    Tendo Achillis, is inserted at the posterior part
    GASTRORRHEA, from yaoire, the sto
    of the calcaneum. These muscles extend the mach ,' and peu , ' I flow .' (F.) Flui muqueur
    foot on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They de l'estomac, Catarrhe stomacal . A morbid con
    can , also , bend the leg and the thigh recipro- dition of the stomach , which consists in the
    cally on each other. For the Gastrocnemius secretion of an excessive quantity of mucus
    internus, see Soleus. from the lining membrane of the stomach .
    GASTRODYNIA , Cardialgia . GASTRO'SIS . A generic name for diseases,
    GASTRODYNIA FLATULENTA ,Colica flatulenta . which are seated in the stomach . - Alibert.
    GASTRO -ENTERI'TIS , from yaorre , the GASTROTOMY, from yaorro,' the belly,'
    stomach ,' and errepor, 6 an intestine.' Inflam- and toun, incision. Several different opera
    mation of the stomach and small intestine. Ac- tions have been so called . 1. The Cæsarean
    cording to Broussais , the essential fevers of au- Section , which see. 2. An incision , made into
    thors are gastro-enteritis,simple,or complicated . the abdomen for the purpose of removing some
    GASTRO -EPIPLOʻIC , Gustro-epiplo'icus, internal strangulation or volvulus ; or to reduce
    from γαστης ,the stomach ,' and Entulhoor, the hernia, Laparotomy: and , 3. The opening made
    epiploon .'" That which relates to the stoinach into the stomach , to reinove a foreigri body ,
    and epiploon . which has passed into it through the esopha
    The GASTRO- EPIPLOIC ARTERIES or Gastric gus .
    inferior are two in number, and distinguished GÂTEAU FÉBRILE, Ague cake.
    into right and left. The right , also called Gas- GATTILIER , Vitex .
    tro -hepatic, Gas'trica inferior dextra , Gastro. GAULTHE’RIA , Mountain Tea, Partridge
    epiplo'ica dextra, is furnished by the hepatic Berry, Berried Tea , Grouscberry, and Deerberry.
    artery. It descends behind the pylorus, and An American plant,which is one of the princi.
    passes from right to left, along the great curva- pal articles of the Materia Medica of soine In
    iure of the stomach. It gives branches to the dian tribes, The infusion is stimulant and
    pancreas,duodenum ,stomach, omentum inajus, anodyne, and is said to have been used, with
    and terminates by anastomosing with the Gas- advantage, in asthma.
    tra - epiplo'ica sinistra, Gas'trica sinis'tra, Gas'. GAUQUAVA, Smilax China.
    trica infé'rior sinistra. This — the left - arises GAYAC, Guaiacum .
    from the splenic artery. It is of considerable GAZ, or GAS , Air. Van Helmont first
    magnitude, and passes fromstomach
    left to, right, along designated by this name,-the etymology of
    the great curvature of the distributing which unknown,-th carbonic acid de.
    its branches more particularly to the stomach veloped in the vinous fermentation . After
    GAZELLE 324 GENERATION

    wards, the term was appropriated to every per- GELATIO , Congelation .


    manently elastic fluid ; that is , which preserves GELÉE, Gelly.
    its aëriform state at all temperatures: and, ul . GELLY or JELLY, Jus gela'tum , Gelu, Jus
    timately, it was extended to all aëriform bo- coaguld'tum , ( F. ) Gelée. A substance of a soft
    dies ; - which were divided into permanent and consistence , tremulous , and transparent,which
    non -permanent gazes. The latter are generally is obtained, by an appropriate treatment, from
    termed vapours :—they return to the liquid animal and vegetable matters : hence the dis
    state , when a portion of their caloric is ab- linction into animal and vegetable jelly. The
    stracted . former is merely a concentrated solution of ge
    The permanent gazes, or Gazes properly so latine, left to cool.
    called, are numerous, and may be divided into Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the
    1
    four sections with regard to their effects on the currant, mulberry , and of almost all acid fruits,
    animal economy . when ripe . It is of itself colourless, but almost
    Carbonic acid,ammoniacal gaz, always retains a little colouring matter of the
    1. Irrespirable gazes . of azote, nitrous acid gaz, and fruit which has furnished it. It has an agree
    cblorine. able taste ; is scarcely soluble in cold water,
    2. Negatively delete Hydrogen, azote. but boiling water dissolves it readily : the gelly
    rious gazes . is, however, almost all deposited on cooling. If
    Oxygen , protoxide of azote: this aqueous solution be boiled for a long time,
    3. Positively deletcri. nic oxide, sulphuretted hydro. it becomes analogous to mucilage, and loses
    ous gazes.
    gen , and arsenurelled hydro- the property of being gellied on cooling.
    gen . GELOS, Risus.
    It is proper to remark, that the term respi. GELSEMINUM NITIDUM , Yellow Jes '. te

    rable has been very differently employed by samine. The flowers, rout, &c. , of this shrub
    differentwriters. Sometimes it has meant, the are narcotic, and the effluvia from the former
    power of supporting life, when applied to the are said sometimes to induce stupor.
    blood in the lungs. At others, all gazes have GELU , Gelly .
    been esteemed irrespirable , which are incapable GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii , Ischio-trochan
    of being introduced into the lungs by volun- terianus.
    tary efforts, -without any relation to their GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, Didymos, didunos,
    power of maintaining vitality ; and this is per- ' a twin .' (F.) Jumeau, Jumelle, Besson, Bes
    haps the best sense , sonne . One of two children , born at the same 13

    The gazes were , at one time, employed in accouchement.


    Medicine, under great expectations. - espe- GEMELLUS Mus'culus, Cowper applies this
    cially by the enthusiastic Beddoes ; but they name to the long portion of the triceps bra el

    are now scarcely ever had recourse to . They chialis united to the inner portion .
    considerably , in their effects on the ani. GEMINI , Ischio -trochanterianus, Testicles.
    differ,
    mal economy. Some , as oxygen , are exciting ; GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCU .
    others, as nitrogen, depressing ;—whilst others, LARE, Tænia semicircularis.
    laughing
    again , as the Protoride of azote or gaz ,
    GEMINUS, Gemellus .
    produce the most singular effects. GEMMA, Granulation, Taste - g. Oculi , be
    Gaz, PUL'MONARY, Gaz of the Lungs. A Crystalline.
    name given to the expired air ; which contains , GEMUR'SA , a Corn ; also , a name given
    -besides common air, an increase of carbonic by the ancients to a disease, sented between
    acid, water , and some animal matter . the toes ;—the nature of which is unknown
    Gaz SANG'uinis, Gaz anim'ale san'guinis, to us .
    Hal'itus san'guinis,Aura san'guinis. The ha- GEN , Gen'esis, yereois, ' generation , from
    litus or vapour, given off by freshly drawn yevraa , '' I make.' 'Hence Hydrogen, Osteo
    blood . geny , &c .
    GAZELLE , Antilopus . GENA, The Cheek , Genys, yervç, Pareia,
    GEBAERPULVER , Ergot. Gamphele, Gnathos, Mala. ( F.) Joue. The
    GEISMAR , MINERAL WATERS OF. The cheeks form the lateral parts of the mouth .
    mineral
    acidulous chalybeates .
    Externally, they have no precise limits : they
    waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are are continuous, above, with the lower eyelid:
    GELAPPIUM , Convolvulus jalapa. belowo, they descend as far as the base of the
    GELASMUS, Risus Sardonicus. jaw : before, they terminate at the alæ nasi , and
    GEL'ATINE, Gelati'na , Galreda, from gelu , at the commissures of the lips ; and behind, at
    ‘ gelly or jelly . An immediate animal prin- the ear. Their thickness varies, according to
    ciple. It is semitransparent, insipid , inodorous,the degree of fatness of the individual. They
    insoluble in cold water, very soluble in hot, are formed of three layers;-one dermoid , an
    which it thickens, and transforms into gelly on other muscular, and the third mucous .
    cooling. Gelatine is a very nutritious sub- GENCIVES, Gingivæ.
    stance ; and, when dissolved in a considerable GENEIAS, Lanu'go prima. The downy
    quantity of water, forms an emollient Auid , hairs, which first cover the cheek . Also, a
    much used in therapeutics, but not the most bandage which passes under the chin .
    easy of digestion . GENEION , Beard, Mentum .
    GELATINE OF WHARTON, Gelati'na Whar- GENÉRALE , Influenza.
    tonia'na, Jelly of the Cord. A soſt, dense, fluid, GENERATION , Genera'lio , Genesis, from
    gelatinous substance, which envelops the um- yurouar, ' I arise. Under this name, physiolo
    bilical cord, and is conceived to be inservient gists comprehend the aggregate of functions,
    to the nutrition of the fætus . which concur, in organized beings, towards the
    GENERATION 325 GENITAL

    production of their kind. The act of genera- life of the maternal stalk in the new indivi .
    tion means the union of the sexes. See Coi. dual .
    tion . All the acts, comprising thefunction of gene.
    The writers of antiquity believed , that all ration, may be referred to five great heads.
    organized bodies are produced either by what 1. Copulation. 2. Conception or fecundation .
    is termed univocal or regular generation, (Ho- 3. Gestation or Pregnancy. 4. Delivery or Ac
    mogen'esis, generatio homogenea, propagatio,) couchement: and,5. Lactation.
    and which applies to the upper classes of ani- GENERATION, ORGANS OF, FEMALE . See Vulva.
    mals and vegetables or by equivocal or sponta- GENEROUS, Genero' sus. A name given
    neous generation, (Hetrogen'esis, generatio hete. to wines, which contain a great quantity of al
    rogenea, æquivoca, primitiva, primigena, origi- cohol .
    naria , spontanea ,) which they considered ap- GENESIS, Generation, Gen.
    plicable to the very lowest classes only, as the GÉNET, Spartium scoparium.
    mushroom , the worm , the frog , & c. GENETHLIACUS, from yevedlios, ' natal,'
    There are still many distinguished naturalists pertaining to nativity' A name, given by the
    who consider that beings , low in the scale of ancients to certain astrologers, who, from the
    animality , are produced in the latter way . state of the heavens at the time of the birth of
    As to the mode in which regular generation an individual , predicted his future character
    is accomplished, there have been many views. and the events of his life .
    According to the doctrine of Hippocrates, and GENETICA, from yevkouş , 'origin ,' rise.'
    of the ancient philosophers , the ovaries of the Diseases of the sexual functions: the 5th class
    female furnish a prolific fluid , similar to that of in Good's Nosology.
    the male ; and the fælus results from the mix- GENETICOS , Genital.
    ture of the two seeds in copulation . Steno and GENEVA ,Gin - g . Hollands, see Spirit.
    others conceived , that the ovaries contain ova, GENÉVRIER, Juniperus communis .
    which are not developed until vivified by the GENI, Genian .
    male sperm . Bonnet and Spallanzani believed GENIAN , Genianus, from yevetov ,' the chin.'
    in the pre-existence of germs, created since the The Genian apoph 'ysis or Process, ( F. ) Apo
    origin of the world , but encased in each other , physe Génienne ou géni, is situate at the poste .
    and becoming developed in succession ; whence rior part of the symphysis menti , and is formed
    it would follow , that the ovary of the first fe- of four small tubercles.
    male must have contained the germs of all sub- GÉNIE , Gé'nius. The Fr. sometimes apply
    sequent generations ; and that the number of this term to diseases,nearly synonymously with
    these germs must go on always diminishing, nature; as Génie inflammatoire, G.bilieur, G.
    until ultimately extinct. This was the system adynamique. Some use it in the same sense
    of the evolution of germs. According to Lee- as type; as Génie intermittent. The unwonted
    uenhoek , the ovaries do not contain eggs, but predominance of any mental faculty is also so
    vesicles destined to receive animalcules ; which , called .
    in his view , live in the sperm . Thousands GÉNIEN , Genian .
    of these animalcules are thrown into the uterus GENIÈVRE, Juniperis communis ( the berry.)
    during copulation , and the most expeditious GENI'O -GLOSSUS ,Genio-hyoglos'sus, from
    and vigorous reaches the ovary, after having yerelov , “ the chin , ' and y.wood, the tongue .'
    scattered and destroyed its competitors. Buffon Mesoglossus, Nonus linguæ mus'culus. The
    -admitting the hypothesis of the two seeds- nameofa flat, triangularmuscle ,which extends
    supposed that they were formed of molecules from the genian apophysis to the inferior sur
    proceeding from every part of the body of each face of the os hyoides and tongue , which it
    parent; and that, by a kind of respective affini-
    carries forward .
    ty, those which were furnished by the head, the GENIO -HYOIDEUS, from yevetor , the chin ,'
    trunk, or the extremities of the male parent, and ' voerdns , ' theos hyoides . ' A muscle ,
    could' only unite with those proceeding from which arises from the genian apophysis, and is
    the same parts of the female. Before him , inserted at the anterior part of the body of the
    Maupertuis , admitting, with many of the an- os hyoides. Its use is to raise the os hyoides,
    cient philosophers, the system of Epigenesis , and carry it forwards. It may, also , contribute
    and adopting, as regarded the composition of to depress the lower jaw in contracting towards
    the sperm , a theory analogous to that of Buffon, the os hyoides.
    had supposed , that the inolecules, capable of GENIO- PHARYNGEUS , from YEVETOV , " the chin ,'
    being organized , were attracted towards a cen- and gaqvyš , ' the pharynx . ' A name given, by
    tre; that the nose attracts the two eyes ; the some anatomists , to a bundle of fibres, which
    body, the arms ; the arms, the hands, & c., passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the
    nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a pharynx , and forms part of the constrictor pha
    liquid , arrange themselves in regular crystals ( ryngis superior .
    around the same nucleus . GENIPI ALBUM, Artemisia rupestris - g .
    All these and various other systems have blanc. Artemisia rupestris.
    been successively proposed and rejected, and GENISTA , Spartium scoparium-g. Cana
    the mystery of generation remains impenetra- riensis, see Rhodium lignum - g. Tinctoria,
    ble. There
    chief modes are, in all organized
    of reproduction . 1. bodies, three Spartium
    The Vitipa- scoparium .
    Genis'ta Spino'sa Ix'Dica, Bahel Schulli.
    Tous . 2. The Ovipurous ; and , 3. Generation An Oriental tree, a decoction of the roots of
    by shoots, called "Gemmiparous. The last is which is diuretic. The leaves , boiled in vine.
    the most simple kind of generation , as it is no . gar, have the same effect - Ray.
    thing more than an extension of the immediate GENITAL, Genita'lis, Genéticos, from
    GENITALE 326 GEOGRAPHY, MEDICAL

    yevouan, ' to be born .' That which belongs to A ij. It is most frequently, however, used in
    generation. infusion or tincture.
    The Gen'Ital Organs, Serual Organs , Pu- GENTIANA Major , G. lutea.
    den 'da, Natura'lia, Eda'u , Me'dea, Mezcu, Me'- GENTJANA PERUVIANA, Chironia chilensis
    sa , Mo'rion , Genital parts, Noble parts , Natural g . Rubra, G. lulea- g . Veterum , G. lutea.
    parls, Private purts, Privities, Priny parts, Pridy GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea .
    Members, the Parts, Partes genitules, Partes GENTIANI'NA , Gentiunine, Gentianin , Gen
    generatio'ni inservien'tes, Genita'lia, Or'gana tia. An alkali, obtained from gentian, and
    generatio'ni inservientia , ( F.) Organes genitaur, which is its active principle. It is intensely
    Parties génitales, P.honteuses , P. génitoires , P. , bitter. Dose, gr . j to iv.
    nobles, P. sexuelles, P. naturelles, les Parties . GENTILIUS, Hereditary.
    These parts are inservient to the reproduction GENU , Gony, yovv, ( F. ) Genou . The arti.
    of the species, and are very different in the culation of the leg with the thigh ;--the Femoro
    male and female. In man , they are numerous : tibial joint. It is the most complicated in the
    some secreting the sperm , as the testicles and body. It is formed by the inferior extremity
    their appendages : others retaining it, as the of the femur, the superior extremity of the
    vesiculæ seminales ; and another for carrying tibia , and the rotula . The articular surfaces of
    it into the organs of the female , -the penis. In the bones are covered by layers of cartilage
    the female , the parts of generation form an ap- more or less thick - and by the synovial mein
    paratus, perhaps more complicated than that of brane of the articulation .
    ihe male . Some are inservient to copulation , The soft parts of this joint are, - the ligamen.
    as the vulva , vagina , & c.; others to conception tum patelle, two lateral ligaments, distinguished
    and the preservation of the product for a deter- by the names internal and external : a posterior
    minate time ;-as the uterus and its appendages ; ligament; two crucial ligaments ;-the one an
    whilst others concur in the alimentation of the terior, and the other posterior; two interarticu .
    infant after birth , as the mammæ . lar fibro -cartilages; some albugineous fibres,
    GENITALE , Sperm. which form an imperfect capsule, &c. The
    GENITALIA , Genital organs. knee receives its arteries from the femoral and 12

    GENITU'RA, fiom yorn , or yoros, sperm ,' popliteal. They bear the name articular. Its
    seed , ' ' race ' That which is fecundated or veins have the same distribution as the arte
    engendered in the maternal womb. This word ries , and discharge their blood into the saphena
    has been used synonymously with embı yo, fætus, and crural veins. Its nerves are furnished by
    and infant. Also, the sperm ; (q. v .) and the the sciatic , popliteal, and crural . The joint is
    penis. See Gone . protected by ihe tendons and muscles which
    GENNETICONÄOSI , from yervijti2OS, ' ge. surround it.
    nital ,' and 1000$ , disease .' Diseases of the The French use the term Articulation en
    genitals . genou for the joints, in which the head of one
    GENOS , Sex . bone is received into a bony cavity , where it .
    GENOU, Genu . rolls and moves in all directions.
    GENRE, Genus. GENUGRA , Gonagra.
    GENTIÁ , Gentianina, GENUINUS , Legitimate.
    GENTIAN, BLUE , Gentiana catesbæi - g. GENUS , ( F. ) Genre. A collection or group
    White , Laserpitium latifolium - g. Yellow , of species , analogous to each other ; and which 1
    Gentiana lutea . can be united by common characters. When 1
    GENTIANA , G. lutea-g . Alba , Laserpitium a species cannot be referred to a known genus,
    latifolium - g. Cachenlaguen , Chironia chilen- it constitutes a distinct one . 1
    sis-g. Centaurium , Chironia centaurium . GENYANTRAL'GIA , from yevelox, the 1
    GENTIANA CATESBÆ'ı ; Blue Gentian, U. S. chin ,' antoor, ' the antrum ,' and ałyos, ' pain .'
    It is a pure and simple bitter , and the root may Pain in the antrum of Highmore.
    be used wherever that of the Gentiana lutea is GENYANTRUM 6, Antrum of Highmore.
    proper. GENYS , YETUS, the jaw ,' also the chin .
    GENTIA'NA CAIRAYI'TA, Henricea Pharma . Hence :
    cear' cha, Swer'tia Chirayi'ta . A native of India, GENYS , Gena . 3
    which has been much employed in that country, GEOFFRÆ'A INERMIS , Geoffra'a, Geof
    in dyspepsia , and as an antiperiodic in inter- froy'a , Cabbage Tree , Cabbage -Bark Tree, An
    mittents . It is preferred, by some, to sarsapa- diru incrmis. Nat. Ord . Leguminose. Ser.
    rilla , where the latter is considered to be indi. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria . Geoffræa Jamai
    cated , -- as after large quantities of mercury cen'sis, Worm - Bark Tree. The odour of the
    have been taken, or where profuse salivation bark is very unpleasant. It is anthelmintic
    has been induced. It has also been advised in and cathartic . Dose, of the powder, 9jto Zij .
    atonic leucorrhea. It yields its virtues to alco- The GEOFFRÆ'A SURINAMEN'sis, Andira Su
    hol and water. rinamensis, has similar properties.
    GENTIA'NA LUTEA . The systematic name Huttenschmidt has separated their active
    of the officinal gentian : Gentia'na major, G. principles, to which he has given the names
    vet'erum , Gentia 'na rubra, Yellow Gentian , Fel- Jamaicine and Surinamine. They are alka
    wort, Gentia'na , Ord. Gentianeæ , ( F. ) Gentiane line.
    jaune . This is a plant common in the moun . GEOFFROYA , Geoffræa inermis - g. Jamai
    tains of Europe. The root is almost inodorous, censis, G. inermis.
    extremely bitter , and yields its virtues to ether, GEOGʻRAPHY , MEDICAL , Geogra'phia
    alcohol, and water . It is tonic and stomachic ; Medica . The description of the surface of the
    and in large doses , aperient. Dose , gr . x . to globe as regards the influence of situation on
    GERANS 327 GIDDINESS

    the health, vital functions, and diseases of its carry .' A Latin term , introduced by Halle
    inhabitants - vegetable and animal; but princi- into medical language, to designate ,among the
    pally on those of man . objects which belong to hygiène , the functions
    GER'ANIS, from yegavos, ' a crane ,' which which consist in the voluntary movements of
    it resembled . A bandage, used by the ancients inuscles and organs. In the class of Gesta are
    in cases of fractured clavicle . Some authors found, sleep, the waking state, movements or lo
    attribute it to Hippocrates ; others, to Peri- comotion and rest.
    genea. GESTA'TION , Gestd tio , Phora, popa , from
    GERA'NIUM , yeparlov ; same etymon. The gesta're , 'to carry. The time, during which a
    Crane's Bill. female who has conceived , carries the embryo
    GERANIUM ROBERTIA'NUM : Stinking Crane's in her uterus. See Pregnancy. Gestation ,
    Bill, Herb Robert. ( F. ) Herbe à Robert, Bec de likewise, signifies the bearing or carrying of an
    Grue Robertin . This plant was, at one time, used individual ; a kind of exercise , easier than that
    as an antispasmodic and slight stimulant; as in which he moves by virtue of his own powers.
    well as for an external application in various Thus, we speak of gestation on horseback , in a
    painful sores and inflammations. carriage, & c .
    GERANIUM Musch ' TUM ; Erodium Mosch . GESTICULA'TION , Gesticulatio . The act
    atum , ( F. ) Bec de grue musqué. A European of making many gestures ; a symptom in dis
    plant, esteemed to be excitant and diapho- ease , which always indicates very vivid sensa
    retic. tions. It is met with in numerous affections.
    Most of the species of geranium have been GEUM PALUSTRE , G. rivale.
    used as astringents. In some of the north- Geum Riva'le, G. palustre, Water avens. (F.)
    western parts of the United States, the root of Bénoite aquatique, B. des Ruisseauz. Family,
    the Geranium maculd'tum is called Racine à Rosacea. Ser. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The
    Becquct, after a person of that name. It is root of this plant is astringent. It has been
    highly extolled by the Western Indians as an much extolled in the cure of intermittents, di
    antisyphilitic. arrhæas , hemorrhages, &c.
    GERANIUM MACULATUM , G. moschatum . GEUM URBA'NUM , Caryophylla'ta ,Caryophyl'.
    GERAS, Senectus. lus vulga'ris, Sanamunda, Lagophthalmus, Ca.
    GERM , Gernien , Blaste'ma . The rudiment ryophilla, Janamun'da, Cominon Arens, Herb
    ofa new being , not yet developed, or which is Bennet, Herba benedicta ,(F.) Bénoite. The root
    still adherent to the mother. of this plant has a smell, not unlike that of
    GERMANDER COMMON , Teucrium cha- cloves. Taste bitterish , austere ; virtues yielded
    mædrys - g. Creeping, Teucrium chamædrys - to water and alcohol. It has been used in in
    g . Marum , Teucrium marum - g . Small , Teu- termittents, dysentery, chronic diarrhæa, de
    crium chamædrys g. Water, Teucrium scor- bility , & c. Dose,zss to zj of the powder.
    dium. GEUSION OSI,from yevois, 'taste ,' and vooos,
    GERMANDRÉE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium disease .' Geusionu'si. Diseases of the organ
    scordium - g. Maritime, Teucrium marum-g. or sense of taste.
    Officinale, Teucrium chamædrys - g. Scorodine, GEUSIS , Taste.
    Teucrium scordium . GEUTH MOS, Taste.
    GERME FAUX, Conception , false . GEZIR . See Pastinaca opoponax .
    GERMEN,Germ - g . Fulsum , Mole-g. Spu GEZIT, Cagot.
    rium , Conception , false . GEZITAIN , Cagot .
    GERMINAL CELL , see Cytoblast. GUERKIN See Cucumis sativus.
    GERMINAL MEMBRANE AND VESICLE. See GHITTA JEMOCO , Cambogia.
    Molecule. GIA LA'PA, Convolvulus jalapa.
    GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF , Pansper. GIBBA , Hump.
    mia. GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas.
    GEROCOMIA , Gerocom'icz, Gerontocom'- GIBBOS'ITAS, Gibberos'itas,Cypho'sis,from
    ice , from 74001, an aged person,' and zoukiv, (F.) Gibbeur, (L.) Gibbus, something arched or
    " to take care of.' The part of Medicine , whose vaulted , prominent. Gibbosity, Gibbousness.
    object is the preservation of the health of the Curvature of the spine, Hybo'ma. A symptom ,
    aged :—the hygiène of ld people . which occurs in different diseases ; particularly
    GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia. in rickets and caries of the vertebræ . See
    GEROCOMIUM , Gerontocomi'um , same ety- Hump .
    mon . An hospital for the aged . GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas .
    GÉROFLE . See Eugenia caryophyllata . GIBBUS , Hump.
    GEROFLÉE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri . GIBLETS. According to Minsheu , from
    GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia . Gobbet, Goblet ; but, according to Junius, from
    GERONTOCOMIUM , Gerocomium . (F. ) Gibier, ' game.' The word seems to be
    GERONTOTOXON Gerotoxon . the old (F.) Gibelez, Gibelet, &c. i. e . Gibier,
    GERONTOXON , Gerotoxon . ( L.) Cibarium , food, (F.). Abattis. It means,
    GEROTOX'ON, Gerontor'on, Gerontotox'on , generally, the parts which are cut off from a
    Mac'ula cor'ncæ arcua'ta, Arcus seni'lis ; from goose before it is roasted . Also , the extremi
    yapur, ' an old person ,' and Tošov, “ a bow . ! A ties of fowls, such as the head, wings, feet; to
    bow-shaped obscurity at the under margin of &which c.
    are sometimes added , the liver, gizzard,
    the cornea, common to old people.
    GERSA , Plumbi subcarbonas - g. Serpenta- Soup made from these, is moderately nutri
    riæ , see Arum maculatum . tious.
    GESTA, 'things done,'from ger'ere, ' to do,'|GIDDINESS, Vertigo.
    GIGARUS SERPENTARIA 328 GLAND

    GIGARUS SERPENTARIA , Arum dra- GIN'GLYMUS , Cardinomen'tum , Cardo, ' a


    cunculus. hinge.' (F.) Charnière . (F.) Articulation en
    GILARUM , Thymus serpyllum . churnière. A species of diarthrodial articula.
    GILEAD, BALM OF. See Amyris opo- tion , which only admits of motion in two
    balsamum . directions , like a hinge ,-as the knee -joint or
    GILET DE FORCE, Waistcoat, strait. elbow -joint.
    GILL , Glecoma hederacea. GINSENG , Panax quinquefolium .
    GILL- GO- BY- GROUND , Glecoma hederacea . GIRARD -ROUSSIN , Asarum .
    GILLA THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas- GIRL . This seems, formerly, to have been
    g . Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. an appellation , common to both sexes. Froni
    GILLE'NIA TRIFOLIA'TA, Spird'a trifo- the Su. Goth. Karl, “ a man ,' many etymo
    lia'ta, common Gille'nia , Indian Physic, Beau- logists deduce the word. It means a young
    mont root . Nat. Ord . Rosacea. Ser. Syst. female, (L.) Filiu, from yineir , to love,' Virgo.
    Icosandria Pentagynia. The root of this shrub, (F.) Fille.
    which grows plentifully in the United States , GIROFLE . See Eugenia caryophyllata .
    is a safe and efficacious emetic , in the dose of GISSA , Cynanche parotidæa.
    about 30 grains . It resembles, in its properties , GIZZARÓ, Ventriculus callosus.
    the ipecacuanha. GLABELLA, Gabella , Mesophryon .
    GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus Caryophyllus. GLABRITIES, Calvities .
    GIM'BERNAT'S 'LIGAMENT.' A fibrous , GLACE , Ice .
    triangular, expansion , which is detached from GLACIALE, Mesenıbryanthemum crystal
    the posterior and inner part of the crural arch , linum .
    and is inserted into the crest of the pubis . This GLACIES , Ice.
    ligament forms the inner part of the superior GLADIOLUS , Macherion - g. Cæruleus, Iris
    aperture of the crural canal . It is one of the Germanica.
    most frequent causes of strangulation in crural GLADIOLUS COMMU'NIS , G. vulga'ris, Vic
    hernia , toria'lis rotun'da, Cornflag, Victoria'lis femine'a .
    GIN , Hollands, Genera . This spirit, which (F.) Glayeul. The root of this plant has been
    is distilled from corn and juniper berries, or considered aphrodisiac. Applied in cataplasm ,
    from some substitute for them , is largely used it has been extolled against scrofulous lu
    in Great Britain ; and is extremely detrimen- mours .
    tal , to the lower classes particularly . It pos- GLADIOLUS LUTEUS, Iris pseudacorus -- g.
    sesses the properties of other spirituous liquors ; Vulgaris, G. communis.
    but is , in popular medicine, more used than GLAMA, Lippitudo , Chassie. C
    other varieties, in cases of colic or intestinal GLAND, Glan'dula , from glans, (q. v.) ' an
    pain of any kind. See Spirit. acorn,' Aden . The ancient anatomists gave
    GINGEMBRE, Amomum zingiber. this name to a number of organs , of a texture
    GINGER , Amomum zingiber-g. Beer pow. generally soft, and a shape more or less globu £
    der, see Amomum zingiber- g. Jamaica , con- lar, but differing greatly in their nature and 2
    centrated essence of, see Amomum zingiber- functions. They applied it, for instance, 1 .
    g. Preserved, see Amomum zingiber - g . Wild , To those organs, which separate from the blood
    Asarum Canadense . any Auid whatever. When such organs were
    GINGIBRA'CHIUM. A name given to the composed of several lobules, united by com.
    scurvy , because the gums and arms are chiefly mon vessels, they received the name conglo
    affected by it ; from gingiva , ' the gums,' and merate glands, as the parotid , pancreas, & c.
    brachium , - the arm .' It has, also,been called | 2. To the reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies,
    Gingipedium , because the lower limbs are in which are met with in the course of the lym
    many cases the seat of scorbutic spots. phatics. These they called conglobate glands.
    GINGIBRACHIUM , Porphyra nautica. See Ganglion, ( lymphatic ;) and 3dly and lastly ,
    GINGIPEDIUM , see Gingibrachium , Por- to various other organs, whose intimate texture
    phyra nautica . and functions are still unknown , as the Pineal
    GINGIVÆ , from gig'nere, ' to beget, be- gland, Pituitary gland, Glands of Pacchioni ,
    cause the teeth are, as it were, begotten in them. Thyroid gland , Thymus gland, Supra -renal
    (?) The Gums, ovaa, Ula, Carnic'ula ( F. ). Gen- glands, & c.
    cives. The portion of the mucous membrane Chaussier restricts the word gland to those
    of the mouth ,which covers the maxillary bones softish, granular, lobated organs, composed of
    to the level of the alveolar arches. The gums vessels, nerves, and a particular texture, of
    are formed of a red tissue ; more or less solid , which there are but 8 kinds in the human body,
    and of a fibro -mucous nature , which adheres viz. the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary — the
    strongly to the necks of the teeth, and transmits, testicles - the ovaries — the liver, pancreas, and
    between their roots and the alveoli, a very thin kidneys. These are all destined to draw from
    expansion ; the alveolo-dental periosteum . The the blood the molecules necessary for the form .
    gums fix the teeth and contribute greatly to ation of new fuids ; and to convey these fluids
    their solidity. In the aged, after the loss of the externally, by means of one or more excretory
    teeth, they become fibrous and very solid , and ducts. Several glands, besides their excretory
    are inservient to mastication , ducts, have especial reservoirs, in which the
    GING'LYMOID , Ginglymoideus, from yey : Auids, secreted by them , collect, remain for a
    ya vuos, ' a ginglymus,' and erdos, resemblance.' greater or less space of time, and undergo
    Resembling a ginglymus orhinge. An epithet slight modifications before being evacuated ;
    applied to joints, which resemble a hinge, as a such are, the ga ] ladder for the liver , the
    gingłymoid joint. urinary bladder for the kidneys, &c . Each
    GLAVD 329 GLENOID

    gland has an organization peculiar to it, but, GLANDULOʻSO-CARNEUS. Ruysch gives


    we know not the intimate nature of the glan- this epithet to fleshy excrescences, which he
    dular texture . – Malpighi believed that the ves- found in the bladder.
    sels terminate in small , solid masses, to which GLANDULOSUS, Glandular.
    he gave the name - glandular grains. In these, GLANS . Bal'anus, Cyltaros, Cuspis. ( F.)
    he considered, the excretory ducts originate. Gland. The extremity of the penis and of the
    Ruysch thought that the glands are entirely clitoris. The gluns penis is of a conical,slightly
    vascular , and that the excretory ducts are im- flattened shape. It is continuous with the
    mediately continuous with the vasa afferentia , urethra , which opens at its apex ; and is cir
    & c. The best view , perhaps, is, that the ex- cumscribed by a projecting edge called the
    haling or secreting vessel is distributed on the Corona glundis. It is covered by a thin mucous
    animal membrane, that forms the blind ex- membrane ; is furnished , at its base , with se
    tremity of the excretory duct, and that the baceous follicles, called glandula odorif'eræ
    secretion is effected through it. Tyso'ni, the secretion from which is termed
    The term glande (F.) is sometimes appro- smegma prepu'tii ; and can, almost always, be
    priated to the tumour, formed by inflammation covered by the reflection of the skin , called
    or engorgement of a lymphatic ganglion. the prepuce. Lastly,it is formed of a spongy
    GLAND , Glans - g. Globate , Conglobate texture, susceptible of being thrown into erec
    gland - g. Prostate, Prostate - g. Salivary, ab- tion.
    dominal, Pancreas. The Glans CLitor'idis is smaller. It is
    GLANDAGE , Adenophyma. imperforate, and likewise covered with a sort
    GLANDE, Gland - g. Thyroïde,see Thyroid of prepuce, formed by the mucous membrane
    gland . of the vulva.
    GLANDERS , Equinia -- g. Farcy , see GLANS Jovis THEOPHRASTI, Fagus castanea
    Equinia . -g. Ulnæ , Olecranon-g. Unguentaria, Guilan
    GLANDES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial dina moringa.
    glands - g. Conglobées. Conglobate glands - g . GLASS , Vitrum .
    de Croissance, Waxingkernels-g.deMeibomius, GLAUBER'S SALTS , Soda , sulphate of.
    Meibomius, glands of. GLAUCEDO , Glaucoina.
    GLANDIFORM CORPUSCLE, Acinus-g. GLAUCOʻMA , from yavxos, sea -green .'
    Ganglion , see Ganglion. Glauco'sis, Glaucedo, Catarac'ta glauca, Oculus
    GLANDIUM , Thymus. cæsius, Ca'sius, Phiharma glauco'ma, Parop'sis
    GLANDS, see Quercus alba - g. Accessory , glauco'sis, Apoglauco'sis. Amongst the older
    Cowper's glands-g . Havers's, Synovial glands pathologists, this word was used synonymously
    -g. Lenticular , Lenticulares glandulæ - g. with cataract. It is now ordinarily applied to
    Lieberkühn's, Peyeri glandula - g.Miliary, Se opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica
    baceous glands - g. Peyeri , Peyeri glandulæ- hyaloidea; which manifests itself by a grayish
    g. Renal, Capsules, renal -g . of Willis , Albi- or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil.
    cantia corpora, Mamillary tubercles . The diagnosis is generally difficult; and it is
    GLANDULA , Gland-g. ad Aures, Parotid almost always incurable . Cataract.
    -8 . Bartholiniana, Sublingual gland - g .Basila- GLAUCOMA WOULHOUSI,
    ris, Pituitary gland - g. Innominata Galeni, GLAUCOSIS , Glaucoma.
    Lachrymal gland - g . Mucosa , Conglobate GLAYEUL, Gladiolus vulgaris - g. Puant,
    gland - g. Pinealis, Pineal gland-g. Pituitosa , Iris fætidissima.
    Pituitary gland - g. Riviniana, Sublingual gland GLECHON , Mentha pulegium .
    -g . Salivalis abdominis , Pancreas - g. Thymus, GLECHONI'TES. Wine, impregnated with
    Thymus - g. Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland. the Glechon, yangor,menthu pulegium or penny.
    GLANDULÆ ARTICULARES, Synovial glands- royal.
    g Assistentes , Prostate - g. Brunnesi, Brun . GLECO'MA HEDERACEA, Heder'ula ,
    ner's glands - g. Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glan. Chamacle'ma, Calamin'ta humil'ior, Chame
    dulæ -g . Duræ matris , G. Pacchioni - g. Duræ cis'sus, Hedera terres'tris, Ground ivy, Gill,
    meningis, G. Pacchioni- g. in Agmen congre . Gill-go-by ground. ( F.) Lierre terrestre, Terrette .
    gate intestinorum , Peyeri glandula - g . Intesti- This plant has a strong smell, and a bitterish,
    rales , Peyeri glandula - g. Meibomianæ , Mei. somewhat aromatic, taste . It has been con
    bomius, glands of - g Mucose coagminatæ in . sidered expectorant and tonic.
    testinorum , Peyeri glandula - g . Muciparæ | GLEET. See Gonorrhæa.
    racematim congesta intestinorum , Peyeri glan . GLE'NĒ , yarrr , ' the pupil of the eye. ' Gld
    dula - g. Myrtiformes, Carunculæ myrtiformes noid or Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lis, Glenoi'des, Gle
    -9 . Peyerianæ, Peyeri glandulæg. Plexi- nodes,from yanın,' the pupil, and 180s, ' resem.
    blance.'
    forines, " Peyeri g .-9 . Prostatæ mulierum , Glénoïde on Glénoidale . Any shal.
    ( F. )
    Corpus glandulosum mulierum - g. Sebaceæ low , articular cavity , which receives the head of
    ciliares, Meibomius, glands of- ,. Solitariæ , a bone ; such as, 1. The glenoid cavity or fossa
    Brumer's glands - g : Spurix , Peyeri g:-8. of the scapula .' Fossa glenoidea, Omocot'yle,
    Suprarenales , Capsules renal- &. Vasculosæ , Entypo'sis, is situate at the anterior angle of
    Conglomerate glands. the scapula ; and is articulated with the head
    GLANDULAIRE, Glandular. of the humerus. 2. The glenoid cavity or fossa
    GLANDULAR, Glandula'ris, Glandulo'sus, of the temporal bone. It is seated between the
    (F. ) Glandulaire, Glanduleux, having the ap- iwo roots of the zygomatic process,and receives
    pearance, form, or texture of glands; as a the condyle of the lower jaw.
    glandular body, a glandular texture, & c. GLENOID , Glene.
    GLANDULEUX , Glandular. The GLENOID LIG'AMENT, (F.) Ligament
    42
    GLÉNOIDALE 330 GLOSSO- EPIGLOTTICUS
    Glen'oïdien is a fibro -cartilaginous ring or bour - coucheurs to the round tumour, formed by the
    Telet, which seems forined by the expansion of uterus in the lower part of the abdomen , im
    the tendon of the long head of the biceps mediately after delivery.
    brachialis, and surrounds the glenoid cavity of GLOMERATE . Conglomerate.
    the scapula , the depth of which it increases. GLOSSA , Glutta , yawooa , yawtta, ' the
    GLENOID.ILE , Glene. tongue ,' ( q. v.) Hence :
    GLISCHRASMA , Glischrotes , from yło. GLOSSAGRA , Glossalgia .
    xoaww, ' I become glutinous. Lentor , viscidity, GLOSSAL'GIA , Glossugra , from y.wood,
    -Hippocrates. ' the tongue ,' and użyos , “ pain .' Pain in the
    GLISCHROCHÄOLOS , from yż 10 zgos, ' vis. tongue .
    GLOSSANTHRAX , from yiugoa, ' the
    cid ,' and yoàn, ' bile.' Excrements, which are tongue
    glutinous and bilious. , ' and urlouš, a carbuncle .' Carbuncle
    GLISCHROTES , Glischrasma. of the tongue. A disease more common in cattle
    than man .
    GLISOMARGO , Creta .
    GLOBE , Bandage ( head .) GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle.
    GLOBULAIRE PURGATIVE, Globularia GLOSSI'TIS, from yiwora, ' the tongue .'
    alypum . Glosson'cus infiammato'rius, Angi'na lingua'ria,
    GLOBULARIA AL’YPUM , Globularia, Inflammation of the tongue. When confined to
    Montpellier Turbith. (F.) Globulaire purga- the mucous membrane, it of slight im
    live , Turbith blanc. The leaves of this plantportance. That which affects the whole of
    are bitter ; and have been used in intermittents ihe tongue is a serious disease, and requires
    and in constipation. See Alypon. the vigorous use of antiphlogistics. It is rare.
    GLÒSSOCATOCHUS, from yłuaou, the

    FT
    GLOB'ULE , Glou'ulus, Spha'rion : a small
    globe. tongue ,' and rateyo), ' I arrest . ' Lingua Deten'
    The GLOBULES OF THE Blood . (F.) Globules tor, Spec'ulum Oris, ( F.) Abuisseur de la langue.
    du sung ; Globuli, Vesiculæ seu Folliculi san- An instrument, the invention of which is at
    guinis, are small, spherical bodies, which are tributed to Paulus of Ægina, and which was
    particularly observable , when the transparent employed to depress the tongue , in order to ex
    parts of cold blooded animals are examined by amine diseases of the fauces. It was com 2
    the aid of the microscope. They were first posed of two branches ; one of which had, at
    seen by Malpighi, and are met with in the blood its extrenity, a plate for depressing the tongue ;
    of all animals . whilst the other, shaped like a horse- shoe, was
    The globules of blood are circular in the applied under the chin. The finger, or the handle
    mammalia , and elliptical in birds and cold . of a spoon , or a spatula, is now alone used in
    blooded animals. They are , also , flat in all similar cases.
    animals, and composed of a central nucleus GLOSSOCE'LE , from y2w00a , ' the tongue,'
    enclosed in a membranous sac . and x1 , hernia , tumour.” Hernia of the
    SIZE OF THE GLOBULES. Tongue. Projection of the tongue from the
    Sir E. HomenandBauer, with 1.1700th part of an inch . mouih. It depends, generally , on an inflam .
    matory swelling of ihe organ. At times, how
    Eller, 1.1930
    ever , a chronic glossucele, or sort of edematous
    Sir E. Home and Bauer, with 1.2000 engorgement is met with ; which proceeds to a
    ont colouring matier,
    Jurin , 1.2000 great length ; and deforms the dental arches,
    Müller, 1.2300 to 1.3500 the lips , &c .
    Ilodykin , Lister, and Rul The inflammatory glossocele must be com
    dolphi, 1-3000 bated by antiphlogistics. In the ædematous
    Sprengel, 1.3000 to 1.3590
    Cavallo , 13000 to 1.4000 kind , such as is sometimes caused by excessive
    Blumenbach and Senac 1.3330 salivation , the infiltrated fluid may be pressed
    Tabor, 1.300 back by the hand of the practitioner, to get
    Milne’Edwards,
    Wagner ,
    1.3900
    1.40 : 10 the tongue behind the teeth ; and it may be kept
    Kaler , 1.4000 to 1.6000 there by a piece of gauze tied over the mouth.
    Prévost and Dumas, 1.4033
    The chronic, elongated kind sometimes re
    Haller, 1Vollaston ,and Weber, 1.3000 quires amputation of a portion of the organ .
    Young, 1.5060 GLOSSOCOMA , Glossospasmus.
    GLOBULE D'ARINTIUS, see Sigmoid GLOSSOC'OMON , Glossoc'omum , Glosso
    valves - g , du Sung, Globule of the blood. comi'on , from yżwood ,' the tongue,' and zouelv ,
    GLOBULI ARTERIARUM TERMINI,see to guard .' The ancients gave this name to a
    Acinus - g. Sanguinis, globules of the blood - small case for holding the tongues of their
    Tartari inartiales, Ferrum tirtarizatum - g - wind- instruments. By extension , it was ap.
    l'artratis ferri et lixiviæ , Ferrum tartarizatum . plied to the box or cradle , in which fractured
    GLOBULINE . Hæmatine . limbs were kepl. We find , in the ancient writers,
    GLOBULUS STAPEDIS OSSIS , Os orbi . a Glossocomon of Hippocrates , of Nymphodorus,
    culare . Galen , & c .
    GLOBUS HYSTER'ICUS, Nodus hyster'. GLOSSO -EPIGLOT'TICUS . That which
    icus. A sensation , experienced by hysterical belongs to the tongue and epiglottis. Some
    persons, as if' a round body was rising from the anatomists have so denominated certain fleshy
    abdomen towards the larynx , and producing a fibres, which pass from the base of the tongue
    sense of suffocation. towards the epiglottis. These muscles are more
    Globus HYSTERICUS, Angone-g. Martialis, evident in some of the mammalia than in man ;
    Ferrum tartarizatum . and their use seems to be ,-to raise the epi
    Globus Uteni'nts. A term applied hy ac- glottis , and to remore it farther from the glottis.
    GLOSSOGRAPHY 331 GLUTEAL

    Santorini, who described them after Eustachius, GLOUTIUS, Gluteal-g. Maximas et exti.
    calls them Retractores Epiglottidis. mus, Glutæus maximus - g Secundus et me
    GŁOSSOG'RAPHY, Glossogra'phia, from dius, Gluulæus medius - g . Tertius et intimus,
    yavona, the tongue,' and youya, a descrip. Glutæus minimus.
    tion.' An anatomical description of the tongue GLOWWORM , Cicindela.
    GLOSSO - HY'AL . A name given , by Geof: GLUINT, Glutinous .
    froy Saini-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of the GLUE, FISH , Ichthyocolla.
    os hyoides. GLUEBONE . Osteocolla .
    GLOSSOL'OGY , Glossolog''ia , from y.oona. GLUTÆUS MAGNUS, G. major-g. Ma
    ' the tongue
    conrse .'
    ,' and koyos , a treatise ,' 'a dis- jor,G.maximus- g. Minor, G. minimus.
    A treatise of the tongue . GLUTE'AL , Glou'tius,Glutd'us,from youtos,
    GLOSSOL/ YSIS, Glossople'giu,from y2.0100a , ' the nates or buttocks.' (F.). Fessier. Thit
    the tongue ,' and avois , “ solution.' Paralysis which belongs, or relates to ihe nates. This
    of the longue . name has been given to many parts, which
    GLOSSOMANTI'A , Prognosis er linguâ, compose the nates.
    from yiuinoa, the tongue , ' and martelo , ' divi . The GLUTE' AL An'tery , or Posterior Il'iac
    nation . Prognosis from the state of the tongue. Artery, ( F.) Artère fessière. is one of the largest
    GLOSSON'CUS, from yi.uoou, ' the tongue, branches of the hypogastric. It makes its exit
    and oyros , -tumour.' Eronco'sis lingua. Swell. from the pelvis at the upper part of the superior
    ing of the tongue . sciatic foramen ; gains the posterior part of the
    Glosso CUS INFLAMMATORIUS, Glossitis. pelvis, and divides into two branches ;-the one
    GLOSSO.PALATINUS, Glosso staphyli. superficial, the other deep-scuted. The last sub
    nus - g. Pharyngeal, Pharyngo -glossal. divides into three secondary branches, whose
    GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS, from yavona, ramifications are distributed particularly to the
    the tongue,' and pupuyt : “ the pharynx.' Be. Glutæi, Longissimus Dorsi, Sacro -lumbalis, &c.
    longing to the tongue and the pharynx . Some and anastomose with the sciatic and internal
    anatomists thus designate certain fleshy bun . circumflex arteries .
    dles , which arise froin the lateral parts of the The Glute'AL Vein , ( F.) Veine fessière, follows
    base of the tongue, and are inseried into the the same march as the artery of the same name.
    parietes of the pharynx. They forn part of the The GlutE'AL NERVE, (F.) Nerf fessier, is
    constrictor pharyngis superior . ( 9. v .) a large branch , furnished by the 5th pair of
    GLOSSOI'LEGIA , Glossolysis. lumbar nerves . It is chiefly distributed to the
    GLOSSOSCOPIA , from yaviona, “ the tongue .' glulæi muscles.
    and 0201180), - | view , ' Inspection of the tongue GlutÆ'cs Mas'imus, Glutæ'us major, Mar.
    as an index of disease . imus et cr'limus gloutius, G. magnus, llio
    GLOSSOSPASMUS, Glossoco'ma, from sacro- fémoral ; Sacro fémoral, ( CM ) ( F ) Mus.
    yawada, ' the tongue ,' and onuqMOS , spasm. ' cle grand fessier. This muscle is situate at the
    Crainp or spasm of the tongue. posterior part of the pelvis, and at the upper
    GLOSSO -STAPHYLI’NUS, from yorana , and posterior part of the thigh. It is large,
    " the tongue,' and otuprar, the uvula.' ' Glos: thick , andquadrilateral; and is attached,above,
    sopulati'nus, Constrictor Isthmi Faucium . A 10 the posterior part of the crista ilii , to the part
    small, thin , narrow , and long muscle, which of the ilium comprised between the crista and
    arises from the base of the tongue , and is in the upper curved line, to the posterior surface
    serted at the inferior and lateral part of the of the sacruin, coccyx, and great sacro -sciatic
    velum palati , in the anterior pillar of wbich it ligament ; and below , it terminates , by a broad
    is situate . Its use is to contract the isthinus aponeurosis, which is inserted into the rugged
    faucium , by depressing the velum palati, and surface, that descends from the trochanter major
    raising the base of thetongue. to the linea aspera of the femur. This muscle
    GLOSSOTYOMY, Glossotom'ia, from y.nona, extends the thigh on the pelvis, and rotates the
    * the tongue,' and Teuvent , ' to cut.' Dissection thigh outwards. It is powerfully concerned in
    of the longile. Amputation of the tongue . station and progression.
    GLOTTA , Glossa , Tongue . GiuTÆ'us ME'dius, Glou'lius secundus et
    GLOTTIS, Lig'ula. A small oblong aper- me'dius, llio-trochuntérien ; Grand lio -tro .
    ture, situate at the upper part of the larynx. chantérien, (Ch .) (F.) Moyen Fessier. This
    This aperture is comprised between the chorda muscle is situate , in part, beneath the pre
    vocales. It is narrow ,anteriorly ; wider.poste. ceding ; it is broad , very thick, radiated, and
    riorly ; and is capable of being modified by triangular ; attached, above, to the crista ilii,
    muscular contraction , as may be quired by and to the part of the outer surface of that
    the voice. It is by the chordæ vocales, that bone coniprised between the three anterior
    voice is produced. The glottis is nearly an fourths of its crista, its upper curved line , and
    inch long in the adult male : - less in the female its lower ; and , below, it ends by a iendon, in.
    and child . serted at the upper edge of the great trochunter.
    Glottis is, by some, used synonymously with It is an abductor of the thigh ; but can turn the
    ventricle of the larynx : with others,it includes thigh outwards or inwards, according as its png.
    the whole of the larynx . terior or interior fibres are thrown separately
    Glottis, Lips Of The, Thyreo -arytenoid into contraction .
    Ligaments. GLUTÆ'us Min'imUS, Glutæ'us minor, llio.
    GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg.lischii-trochantérien , Terlius et In'timusGloutius
    ling.
    GLOUTERON, Arctium Lappa - g. Petit, the
    Xanthium ,
    Ch.)preceding,
    " This muscle ,which is situate beneath
    is flat, triangular, and with
    GLUTEN 332 GOLD

    radiated fibres. It is attached, above, to the GNOSIS, yrwors, knowledge. A common ·


    external surface of the os ilium , from the in- suffix , as in Diugno'sis , Progno'sis, &c.
    ferior curved line to the acetabulum ; and , GOACONAX See Toluifera balsamum.
    below, is inserted into the anterior part of the GOATS ' BEARD , COMMON , Tragopogon .
    great trochanter. It has the same uses as the Guats' THORN , Astragalus verus.
    preceding: GOBELET ÉMÉTIQUE , Goblet, emetic .
    GLUTEN , Glutinum , Lentor, “ Paste.' An GOBLET, EMETIC , Poculum emet'icum ,
    immediate principle of vegetables. It is soft, Calix romilo'ria, ( F.) Gobelet émétique. A ves
    of a grayish white , viscid consistence, and very sel , made by pouring melted antimony into a
    elastic. Exposed to the air, it becomes hard , mould. By putting wine into this, and allow
    brown, and fragile ; and , in moist air , putrefies. ing it to stand some time , it acquires the pro
    Water and alcohol do not dissolve it. It is perty of producing vomiting. This kind of
    soluble in vegetable, and in weak mineral acids, emelic has been long rejected ; as the practi
    at a high tenperature. The Farine , in which titioner could never be certain of the dose he
    it is found, are those preferred for the prepara . exhibited. d
    tion of bread ; on account of the property it has GODFREY'S CORDIAL. A celebrated nos
    of making the paste rise . trum , for which Dr. Paris has given the follow
    GLUTEN ARTICULORUM , Synovia . ing formula. Infuse zix of sassufras and of
    GLUTIA . See Quadrigernina corpora . the seeds of carraway, coriander , and anise , of
    GLUTINANS , Agglutinant . each Zj , in six pints of water. Simmer the
    GLUTINATIF , Agglutinant. mixture until reduced to lbiv : then add Ibvj of
    GLUTINATIO , Agglutination . treacle, and boil the whole for a few minutes.
    GLUTINEUX , Glutinous . When cold , add Ziij of tincture of opium .
    GLUTINOUS , Glutino'sus, Collo'des, from The following form is recommended by a
    gluten, paste , glue .' ( F.) Glutineur, Gluant.committee of the Philadelphia College of Phar
    An epithet given to substances taken from the macy. Tinct. Opii, O iss ; Syrupi Nigri, O xvj;
    animal or vegetable kingdom , and endowed Alcoholis, O ij, aqua, O xxvj, Carbonatis Po
    with unusual viscidity. " The decoctions of tusse, zijss, Olei Sassafras, f. ziv , M.
    marsh- mallows , and figs, and the jelly of harts . It is anodyne.
    horn , are said to be glutinous . GODRONNÉ (ÇAnal, Cana'lis Petilia'nus,
    GLUTINUM , Gluten. Couronne ciliaire , Canal de Petit, Canal gou.
    GLUTOI, Nates. dionné , Bullular canal of Petit. Petit gave this
    GLUTTONY, from_glutio, ' I swallow .' name ( from ( F. ) godron , ' a plait or fold ,') to
    Limo'sis Helluo'num , (F.) Gourmandise. Ex- the semicircular canal , formed by the tunica
    cessive appetite , owing to habitual indulgence . hyaloidea around the edge of the crystalline ;
    GLYCANSIS , Edulcoration . because it appears, as it were, plaited or fes
    GLYCASMA, from yâvxvş, ' sweet .' A tooned.
    sweet wine, prepared from must. – Linden . GOGGLE -EYE , Strabismus.
    GLYCERATON , Glycyrrhiza. GoÎTRE, Bronchocele.
    GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara. GOLD, Aurum, Chrysos, (F. ) Or. A solid ,
    GLYCISIDE , Pæonia. yellow, very brilliant, hard , very ductile, mal.
    GLYCYPHYTON , Glycyrrhiza. leable ,, either
    GLYCYRRHI'ZA , from yavxus, sweet,' and nature tenacious, andnative
    in its heavystate
    metal
    , or ; combined
    found in
    geta , 1 root.' Glycyrrhi’za Glabra, Liquori'tia , with a little silver, copper, or iron. S. G.
    Scyth'ica ( Radix ,) Glyceraton , Glycyph'yton , 19.23.
    Liq'uorice, Adip'sos, Alca'cas, Himos, (F.) Ré- The MURIATE OF Gold, Chloride of Gold,
    glisse. Order, Leguminosa . Ser. Syst. Dia- Auri Chloridum , A. Murias, A. Chlorure'tum ,
    delphia Decandria. The root of this southern A. Muriaticum , A. Chlord'tum , A. Orydulu'tum
    European plant is inodorous; has a sweet taste ; muriat'icum , A. Suli'tum , (F.) Chlorure d'or, G
    is mucilaginous ; and leaves, when unpeeled, a Muriate d'or , has been admitted into the Phar
    degree of bitterness in the mouth. It is used macopæia of the United States, and into that of
    as a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh . The Paris, & c . The formulæ , however, differ . That
    extract, made from it and sold in the shops, is of the United States is a muriate with two
    known under the name Spanish Liquorice or bases ; and is prepared, according to the form
    Liquorice Juice, (F.)Jus de Réglisse. of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving the gold in a
    The PECTORAL Balsam Of LIQUORICE,-a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, and adding
    quack preparation — is said by Dr. Paris, to con- muriate of soda to the residuum after evapora
    sist chiefly of Paregoric Elixir, strongly im- tion ; then redissolving and evaporating slowly
    pregnated with Oil of Aniseed . to dryness. The Parisian formula for the Muri.
    GLYSTER HERBS , Herba pro Enem'ate. ate d'or , Murias seu Chlorure'tum Auri ,consists
    The herbs, ordinarily sold by the English in simply dissolving the gold in the acids, and
    apothecary under this title, are :-mallow leaves, evaporating to dryness. It has been recom
    one part ; chamomile flowers, one part. (Ziss mended as an antisyphilitic in old, rebellious,
    to jbj of water.)
    GʻN APHA'LIUM DIOICUM , Antennaria venereal affections,
    scrofulous, exostoses,
    or cancerous and in venereal,
    glandular enlarge 1
    dioica . ments. Dose gr . 1-8th to gr. ss , rubbed on the
    GNATHOS, from xvao , ' I scrape, rub .' The tongue or gums. Internally, one- sixteenth of
    cheek, the upper jaro. Also , the part of the jaws a grain in pill.
    in which the teeth are fixed.- Hippocr., Foë- Various other preparations , as the Cyan'ide ,
    sius . See Bucca, and Gena. (Auri Cyani'dum , A. Cyanure'tum ;) the me.
    GNESIOS legitimate. iallic gold in a state of division (Aurum metal
    GOLDEN ROD 333 GONORRHEA

    licum , Pulvis Auri) obtained by amalgamating GONGRONA , Bronchocele .


    gold with mercury and driving the latter off by GONGYLION , Pilula.
    heat , and in the form of filings (Aurum lima- GONOBOLIA , Ejaculation , spermatic .
    tum ;) the Chloride of Gold and Sodium ( Aurum GONOCELE , Spermatocele.
    muriaticum natrona'tum , A. murint'icum , A. GONOI'DES, from yovn, ' the seed ,' and aidos,
    chlora'tum natrona'tum , Chlore'tum Auricum appearance.' Genitu're sim'ilis. Similar to
    Chlore'to natrii, Murias Auri co-na'tricum , sperm . Spermatic or Spermatoid. A term ap
    Chlorure'tum auri ct natrii, Hydrochlorate or propriated to any substance, which resembles
    muriate of Gold and Soda , (F.) Hydrochlorate ou sperm .
    Muriate d'or ;) the Nitromuriate of Gold , ( Aurum GONORRHEA . Erroneously called from
    Nitrico -muriaticum , A. Nitromu'rias) and the yorn , ' the sperm , ' and gew , ' I flow ,' because the
    Oride of Gold (Auri Oxidum , Aurum Oxyda- older writers believed it to be a flux of semen .
    tum,) have been employed in the like affections Blennorrha'giu , Blennorrhea, Blennure'thria,
    and with similar results . Phallorrha'a, Medoriha'a , Catar'rhus Gonor
    GOLD - BEATERS ' SKIN . The intestina recta rha'a , C. ure'thræ , Urethri'lis , Blennorrhæ'a
    of the ox , which have been beaten quite smooth, urethra'lis, Catar'ı hus urethra'lis , (F.) Écoule.
    for the manufacture of gold leaf. Used as a ment. An inflammatory discharge of mucus
    defensive dressing for slight cuts, & c. from the membrane of the urethra in both
    Gold, CHLORIDE OF, G.muriate of - g. Cy- seses; and from that of the prepuce in man ,
    anide of, see Gold - g. Nitro -muriate of, see and the vagina in woman . It may be excited
    Gold - g. Oxide of, see Gold - g. and Sodium , spontaneously, or by irritants applied directly
    chloride of oxide of, see Gold- ,. and Soda, to the membrane; but is, usually, produced by
    hydrochlorate of, see Gold - g. and Soda ,muri impure connexion .
    ate of, see Goli . Two great varieties have been generally
    GOLD LEAF, viurum folia'tum ,Aurum in libel. reckoned :
    lis. Used to gild pills, and to plug carious 1. The GONORRHEA PURA VEL Benig'nA .
    teeth . That which does not follow an impure con.
    Gold THREAD, Coptis. nexion ; ( F. ) Échauffement; the Blennorrhagia
    GOLDEN ROD , Solidaga virgaurea. benigna :-and
    GOLDWASSER. See Spirit. 2. The GonorRHEA IMPURA , malig'na, con

    GOLUNCHA , Menispermum cordifolium . tagio'sa, syphilitica , et virulen'ta ; Fluor albus


    GOMME, Gummi - g. Adragant, Tragacanth malignus, Flurus vene'reus, Blennorrha'a luo'
    -9. Ammoniaque,Animoniac gum - g.Arabique,des, Clap: (F.) Chaude pisse. Thatwhich is the
    Acaciæ gummi- g . Caragne,Caranna - g: Ca- result of impure commerce. The French , also ,
    Tane, Caranna-- g.Guaiac,Guaiacum - g .Gutte ,distinguish the Chaudepisse sèche, or that, un
    Cainbogia - g. de Lierre, see Hedera helix - g. accompanied with discharge ; and the Chaude
    du Pays, Gummi nostras - g. Séraphique, Saga- pisse cordée, Gonorrhæa cordata, or that accom
    penum . panied with chordee, and which , of course , oc
    GOMPHIASIS, Gomphias'mus, Agomphi'- curs only in the male.
    asis, γομφιαοις , γομφιασμος , from γομφος, a The Gonorrhæa Virulenta ; the kind , which 1
    nail.' . A disease of the teeth , and particularly will most frequently engage the attention of
    of the molares : looseness of the teeth in their the practitioner, is characterized by mucous dis
    sockets . . Pain in the teeth . charge from the urethra or vagina, interinixed
    GOMPHIASMUS , Gomphiasis. with specific matter, and accompanied by burn
    GOMPHIOI, Molar teeth . ing pain on micturition . It is decidedly infec
    GOMPHOMA ,Gomphosis. tious . It is, however, a distinct disease from
    GOMPHOS , Clavus. syphilis,andnever produces it. Its duration is
    GOMPHO'SIS, Cardinamen'tum , Clara'tio, various,butthe inflammatory symptoms usually
    Gomphoma, Coagmenta'tio, Inclava'tio , you subside in four or five weeks ; leaving generally
    quois, from youyos , a nail. ' Engompho'sis, behind more or less of the gonorrhæa mucosa
    εγγομφωσις. An immovable articulation, in or gleet.
    which one bone is received into another, like a Gonorrhea virulenta-indeed gonorrhea of
    nail or peg into its hole. Gomphosis is only every kind, attended with any inflammatory
    met with in the articulations of the teeth with symptoms— is besttreated by the antiphlogistic
    the alveoli . It is, also , called Articulation par regimeu ; avoiding every kind of irritation ,and
    implantation. keeping the body cool by small doses of salts ;
    GONACRASIA , Spermatorrhæa. and the urine diluted by the mildest Auids.
    GONACRATIA , Spermatorrhæa. After the inflammatory symptoms have sub
    GONAGRA , froin yovv , “ the knee ,' and ayoa , sided, cubebs , or the balsain of copaiba, ex
    ' a prey.' That which attacks the knees. Gout hibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times
    in the knees . Paracelsus calls it Genugra . a day , will be found effectual: indeed , during
    GONAL'GIA , from γονυ , the knee,' and the existence of the inflamınatory symptoms, it
    alyos, pain . ' Pain in the Knec. Gonyal' gia . often affords decided relief. Injections are
    This is almost always produced by gout. It rarely required.
    may, however , depend on some other disease, Sometimes, gonorrhæa affects the glans ;
    either of the kneeor of another part; - particu- whenit iscalled Gonorrhæa Spuria, G. Balani,
    larly of the hip -joint.
    GONDOLE OCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare . Balanoblennorrhæa , Bulunorrhæa,
    Blennorrha'gia spuria velnotha, (F.)Bulunitis,
    Blennor
    GONĒ, Gonos, Genitu'ra . The semen ; rhagie du gland, Gonorrhéc batarde, Fuusse
    (hence , gonorrhæa)-the uterus.- Hippocr. Blennorrhagie. It requires only cleanliness
    GONFLEMENT , Swelling. land cooling lotions.
    GONORRHÉE BÁTARDE 334 GOUT

    Some other varieties of gonorrhæa have been groove of the staff, and admits of the gorget 1
    enumerated , but they are of little moment. being passed along it into the bladder.
    2
    The GONORRHEA LAXORUM , G. libidino'sa , Besides cutting, there are also blunt gorgets,
    Spermorrhæ'a aton'ica, consists of a pellucid intended to be introduced into the wound
    discharge from the urethra, whilst a wake,with their concavily serving as a guide for the for
    2
    out erection of the penis, but with venereal ceps into the bladder.
    thoughts :-and The chief modifications in the gorget have
    The GONORRHE'A DORMIEN’TIUM , G. Onei- been made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Brom
    rog'onos , is that seminal discharge, which or field , Cline, Desault. Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey,
    curs during sleep, and is occasioned by libi . Lefevre, Michaelis , Thomas, & c.
    dinous dreams. The GORGET FOR FISTULA IN Aso consists of
    In consequence of repeated attacks of go. a semi-cylindrical, wooden staff ; four inches
    northæa, or of the debility induced by a single long, without including the handle, and fur.
    attack, it not unfrequently happens, as already nished with a wide groove. This is introduced
    remarked , that a constant, small discharge oc- into the rectum to prevent the point of the bis
    curs , or remains behind, after all danger of toury froin injuring the intestine , when the in
    infection is removed . The great difference be. ternal orifice of the fistula is deeply situated
    tween it and gonorrhea is , that it is uninfec- and it is desirable to perform the operation by
    tious. The discharge consists of globular parti- incision . This instrument, invented by Mar.
    cles , contained in a slimymucus, and generally chettis, has beer modified by Percy, Runge, & c .
    devoid of that yellow colour, which characterizes Desault invented an instrument for conduct
    the discharge of gonorrhæa virulenta . It is ing the wire by the anus, in the operation for
    unattended with pain, scalding, & c. To this fisiula by ligaiure. He called it Gorgeret à
    state the names Gleet, Gonorrhæ'a muco'sa , repoussoir.
    Blennorrhæ'a chron'ica , Blenorrha'a, & c. have GORGO'NEI FONTES , Fountains, de.
    been given . It is commonly a disease of some scribed by Libavius. as containing water, which
    duration , and demands the use of the copaiba , possessed a petrifying property ; probably, wa
    astringent injections: and, if obstinate, the in- ter holding in solution super-carbonate of 1
    troduction of the bougie. lime.
    GONORRHEA BALANI, G. spuria-g . Benigna, GOSIER, Pharynx, Throat.
    Leucorrhæa- g. Chordata , Chordee - g. Dor- GOSSUM , Bronchocele.
    mientium , Pollution - g. Libidinosa , G. laxo . GOSSYP'ÍUM , Gossyp'ium Herba'ceum ;
    rum, Pollution - g . Mucosa ,( gleet,) see Gonor. Gossip'ion Xylon , Bombar, Cotton . (F.) Coton.
    rhæa -g. Notha inveterata , Leucorrhæa- g. Fumily . Malvaceæ . Sex. Syst. Monadelphia
    Oneirogonos, G. dormientium , Pollution - 9. Polyandria. The seeds of ihe Cotton Tree,
    Vera, Pollution . Gossip'ium arbor'eum , have been administered
    GONORRHÉE BÂTARDE, Gonorrhæa in coughs, on account of the mucilage they
    contain . The cotton wool is used in medicine
    spuria. 01
    GONOS , Gone . for making moxas , & c .
    GONY , yoru, Genu, ( 9. v .,) ' the knee ;' GOUDRON See Pinus sylvestris.
    hence : GOUET, Arum maculatum . TE
    GOVÈTRE , Bronchocele .
    GONYAGRA, from yorv , ' the knee ,' and
    aypa , ' a seizure ,'
    Gout in the knee . GOURD , BITTER, Cucumis colocynthis- 1
    GONYALGIA , Gonalgia. g. Bottle . Cucurbita pepo.
    GONYONCUS, from yorv, ' the knee , ' and GOURDWORM , Distoma hepaticum .
    oyxoç, ' a tumour.' A swelling of the knee. GOURMANDISE , Gluttony .
    GOOSEFOOT, ANGULAR -LEAVED , GOUSSE, Legumen .
    Chenopodium bonus Henricus - g. Slinking , GOUT , Arthritis, Morbus articula'ris, Gutta,
    Chenopodium vulvaria . Arthro'sia Podagra, Podalgin, Podagra , Ar
    GOOSEGRASS , Galium aparine . thriticus rcrus, Arthritis Podagra, Podagra
    GOOSESHARE , Galium a parine. Arthritis, Flur'io arthritica, Febris arthritica .
    GOOSESKIN , Horrida cutis . Flerecin , Gustro-arthritis, Misoptoʻchos, ( F.)
    GORDIUS MEDINENSIS , Dracunculus . Goutte. The gout was formerly regarded as a
    GORGE, Throat. calarrh , and received its name from the ( F.) L
    GORGERET, Gorget- g I ithotome,Gorget, goutte, ( 1 ) gutta , ' a drop ;' because it was
    Lithotomy - 9 . à Repoussoir , see Gorget. believed to be produced by a liquid, which dis
    GORGET, CUTTING , see Gorgel and Li- lilled, goutte à goute, drop by drop ,' on the
    thotomy. diseased part. This name, which seems to
    Gorget, from ( F.) gorge, ' the throat .' Ca- have been first used about the year 1270, has
    na'lis, Ductor canalicula'tus. ( F. ) Gorgeret. been admitted into the differeni languages of
    An instrument representing a long gutter, in Europe.
    the shape of a throat, and which is especially Gout is an inflammation of the fibrous and
    employed in the operations of lithotomy and ligamentous parts of the joints. It almost al.
    fistula in ano. ways attacks , first, the great loc ; whence it
    The Lithot'Omy Gorget , ( F. ) Gorgcrct Li . passes to the other smaller joints, after having
    thotome, Cutting Gorgit , is the one used in the produced, or been attended with , various sym
    operation for the stone, for the purpose of di pathetic effects, particularly in the digestive
    viding the prostate and the neck of the blad. organs; after this , it may attack the greater
    der , so as to enable the surgeon to introduce articulations. It is an affection wbich is ex.
    recurrence .
    the forceps , and extract the stone . At the end tremely fugitive , and variable in its
    of this gorget is a crest or beak , which fits the It may be acquired or hereditary . In the for
    GOUTTE 335 GRANULATION

    mer case, it rarely appears before the age of Bicip'itale or Bicip'ital groove. Others, as the
    thirty -five ; in the latter, it is frequently ob- Gouttière sagittale or Sagittal groove, lodge
    served earlier. It is often difficult to distin . blood vessels and especially veins. Others,
    guish it from rheumatism . A coinbination is, again, are merely intended for the support of
    indeed, supposed to exist sometimes ; hence certain organs ; as the Gouttière busilaire or
    called Rheumatic gout. During the paroxysm Bus'ilary fossa (q. v.) which supports the me
    or fit , a burping , lancinating pain is experi- dulla oblongata .
    enced in the affected joint, attended with tu . GOUTTIERE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove
    mefaction , tension, and redness One or more -9. Lucrymale, Lachrymal groove - g . Sacré,
    joints may be attacked, either at the same Sacral groove.
    time or in succession ; and , in either case , the GOUTY RHEUMATISM . See Rheuma
    attack terminates by resolution in a few days . tism , acute .
    This is the Arthritis ucu'ta , inflummuto'ria vel GOUVERNAIL DU TESTICULE, Guber.
    regulu’ris, Regular gout, Arihro'sia podagra naculum testis.
    reyuluris, Goulle regulière chaude. GOWN, RED , Strophulus.
    At other times, pains in the joints exist, of GRAC'ILIS , Rectus interior fem'oris sive
    more or less acute character ; the swelling be . Gracilis interior, Sous-pubio.créti tibial, Sous
    ing without redness. These pains persist,aug. pubio-prétibiul (Ch.) Droit ou grêle interne de
    ment , and diminish irregularly, without ex . la cuisse. This muscle is situate at the inside
    hibiting intermission, and, consequently, with of the thigh. It is thin and very long ; and
    out having distinct paroxysms. The disease is arises from the descending ramus of the pubis,
    then called alon'ic, or asthenic , imperfect or irre: lo be inserted at the inner and inferior part of
    gulur gout, Chronic G., Arthritis atonica vel the tuberosity of the tibia. It bends the leg
    asthenica , Arthro'sin Podagra larra'ra . It is, and causes abduction of the thigh. See Grêle.
    also, commonly called in France Goutle froide, GRACILIS, ANTERIOR, Rectus femoris .
    Goulle blanche . It may appear priinarily , or GRAIN , Grunum ; the 60th part of a Troy, and
    succeed attacks of regular gout. the 720 part of a Poids de Marc drachm .
    The gout does not always confine itself to GRAINE D'ÉCARLATE , Coccus cacti-g.
    the joints. It may attack the internal organs ; Musc, Hibiscus abelmoschus - de Turquie, Zea
    when it is called Arthritis aber'rans, errut'ica , mays - g . d'Aspic, see Phalaris Canariensis-g.
    Podagra aberrans, Vure'ni , Wandering, mis te Paradis, Amomum grana paradisi - g. de
    placed , or unomulous gout , ( F. ) Goutte rugue. Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius (seed . )
    Retrograde gout, Arthritis retrograda , Poda- GRAISSE , Pinguedo - 9 de Mouton , Sevum
    gra retrogradu , Arthro'sia Podagra complica'ia, . d'Oie , Adeps anserina - g. Oxygénée, Un
    Rece'dent, misplu'ced gout, (F.).Goutte remontée, guentum acidi nitrosi -g. de Porc,Adeps præ
    G. mulplacée, G.rentrée, is when it leaves the parata.
    joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ , GRAMEN ÆGYPTIACUM , G. crucis cype
    as the stomach , intestines, lungs, brain , & c. rioidis - g. Caninum , Triticum repens.
    Gout is also called , according to the part it GRAMEN Crucis CYPERIOU'Dis, Gramen
    may affect, Podugra, Gonagru, Chiragra, &c Ægyptiacum , Ægyp'tian Cock's fout grass.
    Gout may be acule or chronic, and may give The roots and plants possess the virtues of the
    rise to concretions , which are chiefly composed Triticum repens and have been recommended
    of urate of soda. Ste Calculus, ( Arthritic ) It in the earlier stages of dropsy. They were , for
    may , also , give occasion to nodosities , when it merly, considered to possess many other pro
    is called Arthritis nodosa, (F) Goutte nouée . perties .
    The treatment of gout is of the antiphlogistic GRAMEN DIOScoridis, Triticum repens - g.
    kind , and the local disorder should be but little Major, Sarsaparilla Germanica - g. Orientale,
    interfered with . The colchicum seems to have Juncus odoratus - g. Repens, Triticum repens
    great power over the disease. It formsthe bag. Rubrum , Sarsaparilla Germanica.
    sis of the Eau médicinale d ' Husson ; a celebrated GRAMIA , CHASSIE , Lippitudo.
    French gout remedy . The bowels must be GRAMME, yoamun, an ancient weight,equi
    kept regular by rhubarb and magnesia ; and a valent to the 29th part of an ounce, or to 24
    recurrence of the disease be prevented by ab- grains, or a scruple , avoirdupois. At the pre
    ste mious habits, sent day , the gramme is equal in weight to a
    Gour, DIAPHRAGMATIC, Angina pectoris-&. cubed centimeter of water ; or to 18 grains, poids
    Rheumatic, see Rheumatism acute - g. Weed , de marc– 15.444 grains, troy.
    Ligusticum podagraria. GRAMME, Iris , Line .
    Gout, Taste . GRANA , Hemicrania - g. Molucca , Croton
    GOUTTE, Gout, Guita - g. Blanche, Gout tiglium - g. Moschi, Hibiscus abelmoschus
    ( atonic ) -g. Froide,Gout (atonic ) -9. Mulpla . g . Orientis, see Menispermum cocculus-g.
    cée , gout, (retrograde ) - & Nouéé, Gout (with Tilii, Croton liglium .
    nodosities )-9. Regulière chaude,Gout(regular) GRANADILLA , APPLE -SHAPED , Passi.
    -9. Remontée, Gout (retrograde ) -g. Rentrée, flora maliformis .
    Gout, (retrograde )-9 . Rose, Gutta rosea - g . GRANATRISTUM , Anthrax.
    Sciatique, Neuralgia femoro poplitæa - 9 . Se- GRANATUM , Punica granatum .
    reine, Amaurosis - g . Vague, Gout (wandering. ) GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi .
    GOUTTEUX , Arthritic. GRANDEB'ALÆ . The hair, which grows
    GOUTTIÈRE, ( F. ) Collic'ie. A groove in in the arm pits .
    a bone ; like that used for carrying off rain . GRANDO , Chalaza.
    Some of these cavities are intended to facilitate GRANTRISTUM , Anthrax .
    the sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttièr el GRANULATION , Granula'tio, from gra.
    GRANULATIONS 336 GRÊLE

    num , ' a grain .' Gemma, (F.) Bourgeon , B. GRATIOLA CENTAURIOIDES , G. offici
    charnu . Granulations are the reddish, conical, nalis.
    flesh - like shoots , which form at the surface of GRATIOLA OFFICINA'lis , Digita'lis min'ima ,
    suppurating wounds and ulcers . They are the Gratiu dei, Gratiola Centaurioïdes, Hedge
    product of inflammatory excitement, and may hyssop, Herb of Grace. It is a native of the
    be produced in indolent ulcers,by exciting the South of Europe, ( F.) herbe au pauvre hom
    parts by proper stimulants . They form the me. The plant is inodorous ; taste strong ,
    basis of the cicatrix . bitter, nauseous. It is possessed of anthelmin .
    GRANULATION is, likewise , a name, given by tic, purgative , emetic , and diuretic properties .
    the modern French physicians, to an organic Dose, ten grains.
    lesion , consisting in the formation of small, GRATTERON, Galium aparine.
    round, firm , shining, semi-transparent tumours, GRATTOIR , Raspatorium.
    of the size and shape of millet seed or of a pea ; GRAVATIF , Heavy .
    which are met with in the lungs particularly , GRAVE , Serious .
    and in considerable quantity ; often without ma- GRAVEDO , Catarrh , Coryza - g . Neonato
    terially interfering with their functions. rum , Snuffles.
    GRANULATIONS CÉRÉBRALES, Glan- GRAVEL , Lithia rena'lis areno'sa, Lithiasis
    dulæ Pacchioni. nephritica , L. rena'lis, ( F. ) Gratellé. A dis
    GRANULE , Gran'ulum ; diminutive of gra- ease occasioned by small concretions, similar to
    num ; " a grain .' A small grain ; a small com- sand or gravel , ( F.) Gravier, which form in the 1
    pact particle. kidneys , pass along the ureters to the bladder,
    SEMINAL GRAN'ULES , Gran'ula Sem'inis. Mi- and are expelled with the urine. These cona
    nute, rounded , granulated bodies, observable cretions, which are commonly composed of uric
    in the semen , which are , in all cases , much acid and an animal matter, are deposited at the
    less numerous than the spermatozoa. See bottom of the vessel , immediately after the ex
    Sperm . cretion of the urine ; and , by their hardness
    GRAPE . See Vitis vinifera. and resistance under the finger, differ consi
    GRAPES, DRIED , Uvæ passe . derably from the ordinary sediment of that
    GRAPHIOIDES, Styloid . liquid . A vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are
    GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'cus Di'oclis. An the best prophylactics. See Calculi, Urinary.
    instrument invented by Diocles for extracting GRAVELEUX, Calculous .
    darts. It is described by Celsus. GRAVELLE , Chalaza, Gravel . B
    GRAPHI'TES , Plumbago, Supercarbure'tum GRAVIDITAS , Pregnancy - g. Interstitialis,
    Ferri, Carbure'tum Ferri, Ferri Carbona'tum , Pregnancy, interstitial - g. Molaris, Mole - g .
    F. Supercarbure'lum , Carbo minera'lis, Carbu. Spuria, Pregnancy, false – g. Tubaria, Salpin
    ret of iron , Black lead, Wad, (F.) Crayon noir , gocyesisg in Uteri substantiâ, Pregnancy,
    interstitial.
    Plombagine. This substance has been esteemed GRAVIER , Gravel .
    slightly astringent and desiccative . It has been GRAVIMETE
    advised by Weinhold in the cure of herpes . R, Areometer.
    GRAVIS , Heavy .
    GRAS DES CADAVRES, Adipocire - de GRAVITY SPECIF'IC , Grav'itas specifica,
    Jambe , Sura - des Cimetières , Adipocire. (F.) Pesanteur spécifique. The relation be
    GRAS- FONDURE, ( F.) Diarrhæa adipo'sa , tween the weight of a body and its bulk ; thus,
    literally molten grease. A species of diarrhæa, supposing four bodies to be of the same size,
    referred to by older writers ; accompanied with but which weigh, one four, another three , ano
    great emaciation, and in which the evacuations ther two, and the fourth one ; the specific gra 9

    contain fat-like matter. According to Sau- vity of the first will be four times greater than
    vages, the Gras- fondure differsfrom colliquative that of the last. The specific gravities of dif
    diarrhæa in not being attended with hectic ferent bodies are, therefore , as the weights,
    ſever. bulk for bulk . For solids and liquids, water is
    GRASS, Asparagus - g. Canary , cultivated , taken as the unit ; atmospheric air for the
    Phalaris Canariensis - g . Couch , Triticum regases. Thus, water is 1.000 ; mercury at the
    pens — g, Dogs', Triticum repens-g. Egyp. common temperature, 13.58. Whence,we con
    tian cock's foot, Gramen crucis cyperioides - clude mercury isbetween thirteen and fourteen
    g. Goat's, Scorzonera-g. Knot, Polygonum times heavier than water.
    aviculare-g. Vipers', Scorzonera . GREASE , BARROW'S, Adeps suilla - g .
    GRASSE YEMENT, (F.) Sonus blæsus, no Goose, Adeps anserina — g. Molten, Gras.fon
    dure.
    tacis'mus, from ( F.) gras, thick ,' ' speaking GREEN SICKNESS , Chlorosis.
    thick .' According to Sauvages, a vicious pro .
    nunciation of the letter r . They who speak GRÊLE ( F. ) , Gruc'ilis, long and thin . This
    thick , like the inhabitants of Newcastle , in epithet is given by the French to various parts,
    England, or of Havre , in France, have diffi-as the
    culty in pronouncing ther, and they frequently APOPHYSE GRELE DU MARTEAU, the slender
    substitute for it the letter l; but this does not apoph'ysis or process of the malleus, a long pro
    properly constitute Grasseyement. Itconsists cess, situate at the anterior part of the neck of
    in this : that , in words in which the letter r is the malleus, which passes out by the fissure of
    joined to another consonant, a sort of lurring Glaserius. It is also called the Apoph'ysis of
    or guttural rolling is heard, nearly like that Ruu, although it was already known to Fabri
    produced by gargling: See Rotacism . cius ab Acquapendente and to Cæcilius Follius.
    GRATELLE , Psoriasis . GRELE, Chalaza- .. Interne de la cuisse, 0
    GRATIA DEI , Gratiola officinalis. Gracilis .
    GREMIL OFFICINALE 337 GUILANDINA MORINGA

    GREMIL OFFICINALE, Lithospermum height. Also, any adventitious tissue: thus,


    officinale . we speak of a morbid growth or formation.
    GRENADE , Influenza . GRUMUS, Coagulum .
    GRENADIER , Punica granatum . GRUTUM . Groats .' Grutum Milium ,
    GRENIERS, Vesiculæ seminales. Milium . A hard , white tubercle of the skin ,
    GRENOUILLE , Rana esculenta . resembling, in size and appearance , a millet
    GRENOUILLETTE , Ranula . seed . It is confined to the face. See, also,
    GRESSURA , Perineum . Groats.
    GRESSUS , Walking. GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, ( F. )
    GREVEURE , Hernia. Pied de Griffon . An instrument of which An
    GRIELUM , Apium petroselinum , Smyrnium brose Pare speaks; and which was used for
    olusatrum . extracting moles from the uterus.
    GRINCEMENT DES DENTS, Stridor den- GRYPO'sis , from you.700 ), ' I incurvate.'
    tium . Incuroa'tio . Crookedness or incurvation of the
    GRINDERS , Molar teeth . nails ; Un'guium adunca'tio .
    GRIPES, Tormina. GUACO . The name of a plant, described
    GRIPPE (F ) , from gripper, ‘ to gripe ,' 'catch by Humboldt and Bonpland under the name
    hold of,' a vulgar name for several catarrhal Mikania Guaco, which grows in the valleys of
    diseases, which have reigned epidemically ; as Madalena, Rio- Cauca, & c. of South America .
    the Influenza, (q . v . ) , which see . The negroes use the juice against the bites of
    GRIPPÉ , Pinched . poisonous reptiles ; - both in the way of preven
    GROAN . See Suspirium . tion and cure . It has been , of late , brought
    GROATS, Germ . Grutze. Grutum . Oat- forward as a remedy in cholera .
    meal, ( Yorkshire .) Oats, hulled but unground , GUAIACINE . See Guaiac.
    (Lancashire . ) Hulled oats, half ground. Oats GUATACUM , G. officina'lē ; G. America'.
    that have the hulls taken off : Grits. num , Lignum vitæ , L. sanctum , L. benedic'lum ,
    A decoction of these is administered as a Palus sanctus, Lignum In'dicum , Hagioxylum ,
    diluent and demulcent. (F.) Gayac, Gaiuc; Gomme Guu nc. The resin
    GROMWELL , Lithospermum officinale. and wood are both used in medicine. Their
    GROOVE , Furrou , Sulcus. ( F. ) Rainure. odour is slightly fragrant; taste warm and bit
    Icelandic, grafa. Sax . grafan, to dig. A chan- ter, of the resin more so than of the wood. The
    nel or gutter, in a bone or surgical instrument. resin is concrete , brittle ; colour, externally ,
    See Coulisse. greenish ; internally, grayish . Water dissolves
    GROOVED . Same etymon . Sulca'tus, about one -tenth ; alcohol 95 parts . It is solu
    Stria'tus,
    nelé.
    Canalicula'tus, (F.), Cannelé ou Ca- ble
    Having a small channel or gutter.
    , also, in liquor potassa 15 parts, liquor am
    monia 38 parts. The powder is whitish , but
    GROS, Drachm . changes to green in the air. The base of the
    GROSEILLIER NOIR, Ribes nigrum - g guaiacum is a peculiar resin , called Guaiacine.
    Rouge , Ribes rubrum . The graiacum is stimulant and diaphoretic ;
    GROSSESSE, Pregnancy - 9. Abdominale, and, in large doses, purgative. It is adminis
    Pregnancy , abdominal - g. Afatale, Pregnancy, tered in chronic rheumatism , gout, cutaneous
    afætal - 5. Bigeminale , Pregnancy, bigeminal diseases, and the sequelæ of syphilis. Dose, of
    g. Complexe, Pregnancy , complex - g. Compo- resin , gr. v to xx :—to purge, gr. xx to xl .
    sée, Pregnancy, compound - g Fausse ou appa- GUARD ( for a bed), Alèse .
    rente , Pregnancy, false-g. Fatale , Pregnancy, GUARERBA ORBA , Momordica elaterium .
    fætal - g. Gazo-hystérique, Pregnancy, gazo- GUAVA APPLE , Psidium pomiferum .
    hysteric - g. Hémato-hystérique, Pregnancy, he- GUBERNAC'ULUM TESTIS , Ligamen'
    mato-hysteric - g. Hydro-hystérique,Pregnancy,tum suspenso'rium Testis, (F. ) Gouvernail du
    hydro- hysteric-g. Inter-extra- uterine , Preg. testicule. A triangular, fibro - cellular cord ;
    nancy, complex - g. Ovurienne, Pregnancy, which, in the fætus, arises from the ramus of
    ovarial - g. Surco-hystérique, Pregnancy, sarco- the ischium and the skin of the scrotum , and
    hysteric - g. Sarcofortale, Pregnancy, sarcofatal proceeds to the posterior part of the testicle,
    -g. Simple, Pregnancy, solitary - 9. Solitaire , before this organ issues froin the abdomen. If
    Pregnancy, solitary- > Trigominale, Pregnan- is a continuation of the fascia superficialis,and,
    cy, irigeminal--o. Triple, Pregnancy, trigemi- by contracting to occasion the descent of the
    nal - g. Tubuire , Pregnancy, žubal-- : Utéro- testicle, it lengthens the fibres of the lesser ob
    abdominale, Pregnancy , utero-abdominal - g lique muscle ; so as to produce the cremaster,
    Utéro-ovarienne, Pregnancy, utero ovarian - g.and is itself expanded to constitute the dartos.
    Utéro -tubaire, Pregnancy, utero -tubal. GUÈPE , Wasp
    GROSSULARIA NON SPINOSA , Ribes GUÉRISON , Cure.
    nigrum . GUERISSABLE, Curable.
    GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor- GUI, Viscum album .
    borygmus . GUILANDI'NA MORINGA . A plant,
    GROUNDNUT, Pignut. which affords the Ben nut, and the Lignum
    GROUNDPINE, Teucrium chamæpitys - g. nephriticum . It is also called Moringa Oleifera,
    French , Teucrium iva . M. Zeylanica. Ben , Glans ungueniaria , Ben
    GROUNDSEL , Senecio . Nux , Balunus Myropósica , the Oily Acorn or
    GROUSEBERRY , Gaultheria. Ben Nut is a West India nut which furnishes
    GROWTH , from Dutch groeyen, Cres. an oil, O'leum Balani'num , that does not become
    cen'tia , ( F ) Croissance. The developement of rancid by age, and is hence used by perfumers.
    the body ; particularly in the direction of its / It is purgative.
    13
    GUIMAUVE 338 GUTTA

    The wood of the Guilandina is called Lig . resins are compounds of resin , gum, essential
    num Nephriticum , and has been used , in de oil , and differentother vegetable matters. They
    coction , in affections of the urinary organs. are solid , opaque, brittle , of a strong odour,
    GUIMAUVE, Althæa - g. Veloutée, Hibiscus acrid taste,variable colour, and are heavier than
    abelmoschus, water . Water dissolves a part of them , and
    GULA , Esophagus, Pharynx. alcohol another : hence proof spirit is the pro
    GULÆ PRINCIPIUM , Pharynx. per menstruum .
    GULLET , (Esophagus. The generality of the gym- resins are power
    GUM ANIME, Anime - g. Arabic , Acaciæ ful stimulants to the whole or to parts of the
    gummi- g. Dragon , Tragacantha - g. Elastic, Economy:
    Caoutchouc -g Hemlock , see Pinus Canaden- The chief are asafatida , gum ammoniac,
    sis —g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras -g. Juni- cuphorbium , galbanum , cumboye, myrrh, olba
    per , Sandarac . num , opoponar, scammony, aloes, & c.
    Gum -LANCET, Dentiscalpium , Odontogly. GUMMI RUBRUM ADSTRINGENS GAMBIENSE ,
    phon , ( F. ) Déchaussoir. An instruinent for Kino - g . Serapionis, Acacia gummi- g. The
    separating the gum from the cervix of the tooth , baicum , Acaciæ gummi - g. Tragacantha, Tra
    prior to extraction . It is formed much like a gacantha.
    fleam . GUMS, Gingivæ .
    The operation itself is called Lancing the GURGITELLO , MINERAL WATERS
    gums, Den't um scalptu'ra (F.) Déchaussement. OF. A thermal spring in the Isle of Ischia.
    Guu ORENBURG , See Pinus larix - g. Red, Temp. at its source, 1760 Fah. It contains car
    Strophulus - g. Resin , Gummi resina - g. San-
    bonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron
    darach, Sandarac - g . Seneca , Acaciæ gummi- and soda, sulphates of time and soda , muriate 는
    g. Senega, Acaciæ gummi- g . Sweet, Liqni- of soda and silica.
    dambar styraciflua- .. Tragacanth, Tragacanth GURGLING . • Gushing with noise ,' as E

    -g. White, Strophulus - g. Yellow , Icterus in- water from a bottle. ( F.) Gargouillement . The
    fantum . rhonchus or râle, heard on auscultation when
    GUMBOIL, Parulis. there is a cavity in the lungs containing pus .
    GUMMA. An elastic tumour, formed in It is the cavernous rattle , Râle carerneur . If
    the periosteum ; occupying particularly the cra- the cavern be large , this râle will nearly resem .
    nium and sternum , and produced by the syphi. ble the gurgling of a bottle ( gluuglou d'une bou
    litic virus, when it has been long in the consti- ieille ;) if on the contrary , the cavern be small,
    tution. It is so called, because , when opened , it will not differ from the râle muqueur, (9. v .)
    it contains a matter like gum . GURGULIO, Penis , Uvala.
    GUMMI , Commi, zoud , (F.) Gomme. An GUSTATION, Degustation , Taste .
    immediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid , GUSTUS , Taste .
    uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a maw . GUT, Intestine - g Blind, Cæcuin .
    kish taste, unchangeable in the air , insoluble GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lien
    in alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it tery.
    forms a mucilage. It is obtained from various ĠUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout - g . Ga
    species of the mimosa and prunus; and conse- mandræ , Cambogia - g. Gamba, Cambogia - g.
    quently there are many varieties of gum . They Opaca, Cataract.
    are used in medicine as demulcents, emollients, GUTTA. A Drop, Stalagnia , Alun'sel, Stilla,
    and relaxants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal ( F. ) Goutte. A quantity of liquid, generally 1
    irritations, &c.; and in Pharmacy, they are valued , in Pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. 重
    employed in the formation ofemulsions,pills, & c. It is clear, however, that the weight must vary
    GUMMI AcaciÆ ARABICÆ , Acaciæ gummi, according to the nature of the liquid :-a drop
    g. Acanthinum , Acaciæ gummi - . Adstringens of ether, e .g , cannot weigh as much as one of
    Fothergilli, Kino-g. Ammoniacum , Ammoniac sulphuric acid. The form of the mouth of the
    -g. Anime, Anine-g. Arabicum , Acaciæ phial likewise alters the size of the drop. These
    gummi-9. Astragali Tragacanthæ, Tragacan- and other circumstanceshave induced the Lon.
    tha -g. Bogia, Cambogia - g. Brelisis , Caranna don College to institute the minim , which is
    - Gamandre, Cambogia - g .Gambiense . Kino the sixtieth part of a fluid drachm . See Mini
    g. de Goa , Cainbogia -v. Gutta , Cambogia - g. mum .
    Hederæ , see Hedera helix - g de Jeinu, Cam . GUTTA ROSACEA SyphilITICA, Crown of
    bogia - g. Juniperi,Sandarac-g. Laccæ, Lacea Venus.
    -g. Ladanum , see Cistus creticus- , Lamac, GUTTA ROSEA , Gutta Rosa'cea, Ion'thus co
    Acaciæ gumini - g. Leucum , Acaciæ gummi. ryml'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa , C. prurigino'sa .
    GUMMI-NOSTRAS, ( F ) Gomme du Pays ; In Arnë rosa'cea, Bucchia, Butiga , Carbun'cled
    diy''cnous Gum . These generic names are Face, Rosy Drop , Welke . ( F. ) Couperose, Goutte
    given to several species of gum , which flow Rose , Bourgeons. An eruption of small,suppu .
    spontaneously from certain European fruit rating tubercles, with shining redness , and an
    trees,-such as the almond, cherry, peach. apri irregular granular appearance ofthe skin of the
    cot , & c. The indigenous gums have nearly the part of the face which is affected. The red
    same properties as gum arabic, but they are in ness commonly appears first at the end of the
    ferior to it . nose, and then spreads on both sides . It is
    GUMMI-PANacis , see Pastinaca opoponax- g. often produced by hard drinking. Its cure
    ad Podagram , Cambogia . must be attempted by regular regimen, and
    GUMMI-Resi'na, Gum -Resin. A milky juice, cooling means internally : weak spirituous or
    obtained by making incisions into the branches, saturnine lotions externally. The affection is
    stalks, and roots of certain vegetables. Gum- / usually very obstinate .
    GUTTE ABBATIS ROUSSEAU 339 HÆMADONOSOS

    Gutta SERENA , Amaurosis . GYMNASTICS, Gymnas'tica. Somacet'ics :


    GUTTÆ ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Lauda- same etymon. That part of Hygienic Medi
    num abbatis Rousseau - g. Ammoniaci, see cine, which treats of bodily exercises. It is
    Ammoniac gum - 9. Acidæ tonicæ, Elixir aci- called Medical Gymnastics. The ancients had,
    dum Halleri - g. Nervinæ, Alcohol sulfurico- also , Athletic Gymnastics, and Military Gym
    æthereus ferri. nastics. Herodicus of Selivræa first proposed
    Guttæ NIGRÆ. Common Black Drop . ( Opii gymnastics for the cure of disease.
    3 viij. aceti distillat lb ij. Infuse .) It is milder GYMNOSIS , Denudation .
    than the tincture of opium . - Gray . GYNÆCEUM , Antimonium , Vulva.
    The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caster or GYNÆCEI'A , Gynuci'a , from yuvn, WO
    Quaker's Black Drop , is made as follows :- man .' The calamenia ;-also, the lochia .
    take hialf a pound of opium , sliced ; three pints Hippocr. Galen , Foësius .
    of good rerjuice ( juice of the wild crab .) and GYNÆCIA , Gyneccia, Menses.
    one and a half ounce of nutmegs, and half an GYNÆCOLO'GIA , from yurn , ' a woman ,'
    ounce of saffron . Boil to a proper thickness, and joyos , ' a description .' The doctrine of the
    and add a quarter of a pound of sugar, and two nature, diseases , & c. of women .
    spoonfuls of yeast. Set the whole in a warm GYNÆCOMANIA , from yuun , woman ,'
    place , near the fire, for six or eight weeks ; then uaria , mania ,'« rage .' That species of insanity ,
    place it in the open air until it becomes a syrup. which arises from love for women . Some have
    Lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up, adding a used the word synonymously with nympho
    little sugar to each bottle One drop is equal mania, ( q . v .)
    to three of laudanum : and it is nearly devoid GYNECOMASTUS, from yurn , ' woman ,'
    of all the unpleasant exciting effects of the and Muntos, a breast. ' A man , whose breasts
    latter . are as large as those of a womnan. -Galen , In
    GUTTUR. The throat, (q. v.) ; the larynx ; grassias.
    the trachea . A considerable enlargement of the breasts of
    Guttur TUMIDUM , Bronchocele . a female was, formerly, called Gynecomas'.
    GUTTURAL , Gut'turalis, from guttur , ' the ton.
    throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. GYNÆCOMYS'TAX , from yuvn , ' woman ,'
    The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes of
    andwomen
    uvotas,. - Rolfink
    the beard.' The hair on the pubes
    called Gultural Artery. .
    A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irri- GYNANDKUS, Gynanthropus .
    tation of the larynx or trachea. GYNANTHROʻPÚS, Gynan'drus. A her.
    A Guttural Sound is one pronounced, as it maphrodite, who belongs more to the male than
    were , in the throat. to the female sex .
    GUTTURNIA , rytenoid cartilages. GYNATRE'SIA , from yurn , ' a woman ,' and
    GYMNASION , Exercise . aTONTOS , “imperforate.' Closure or imperfora
    GYMNASIUM , from youros, naked.' Pa- tion of the external parts of generation of the
    læs'tra. An establishment, amongst the an- female .
    cients , intended for bodily exercises , as wrest- GYNE , Female .
    ling, running, & c . GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite.
    GYMNAST, Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'ta ; same GYRI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities (cere
    etymon . Themanager of a gyinnasium . One , bral . )
    whose profession it is to prevent or cure dis- GYROPHLE. See Eugenia caryophyllata.
    eases by gymnastics, GYRUS , Anfractuosity , Convolution .

    H.

    HAB -EL -KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus. I in attending to the progress of disease , or its
    HABE'NA . A Bridle, Tei'amon . A bandage treatment.
    for uniting the lips of wounds ; which , in many Habit of Body, Constitu'tio , Habilus, Hali'.
    instances, replaced the suture.-Galen. itus Corporis, Catas'tasis , Hexis, yış. ( F.)
    HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio , Habitude ertérieure , Habitude du corps. The
    Carthage'na Bean . (F.) Fère de Carthagène. aggregate of the physical qualities of the hu
    A kind of bean of South America, famed as an man body.
    HABITUDE , Habit - h . du Corps, Habit of
    effectual antidote for the poison of all serpents,
    if a small quantity be eaten immediately. body-h . Ertérieure, Habit of body.
    HABIT, Habitu'do, Assuctudo, Mos, Usus, HABITUDO , Habit .
    Consuetu'do, Ethos , dešis , Heris , Ethmos'ynē. HABITUS , Habit of body-h. Corporis , Ha
    ( F.) Habitude, Accoutumance. Habit is the apti- bit of body.
    tude for repeating certain acts : -- or, a facility ,HEMA, 'arna, CIMATOS, ' blood . ' (q. v .)
    which results from the frequent repetition of Hence :
    the same acts . It is, according to vulgar ex- HÆMACHROINE , Hæmatine.
    pression , a second nature. ' Habit may pre- HÆMADON'OSOS, from farua, blood ,'
    dispose to certain diseases , or it may protect us and voqoş, a disease . ' Hæmatangion'osis. Dis.
    against them . It onght not to be lost sight of, lease of the blood vessels.
    II.EMADOSTOSIS 340 HEMATOGRAPHIA

    HÆMADOSTO'SIS , from ama , · blood,' ore of iron, called , also , Bloodstone , Ochrea
    and oorvoiş, a bony tumour.' Ossification of rubra , Oxydum ferricum crystalliza'tum nati'
    the blood - vessels. rum , Ferrum Hamatites. When finely levi.
    HÆMAGOGUM , Paeonia . gated , and freed from the grosser parts , by fre
    HÆMAGO'GUS , from arpa, ' blood ,' and quent wasbings with water, it has been long
    ayw, " I drive off.' A medicine, which promotes recommended in hemorrhage, Auxes, uterine
    the menstrual and bemorrhoidal discharges . obstructions, &c . , in doses of from one scruple
    HÆMALO'PIA
    blood, ' and unfi, ,' the
    Hæm'ulops,
    eye.' An from ara, to three
    effusion of
    or four.
    HEMATOCATHARTICA, fro faru
    m a,
    blood into the eye .-Galen . A blood -shot · blood,' and xudupois , purification or purga
    eye . tion . ' Remedies for purifying the blood.
    HÆMALOPS , Hæmophthalmia. HÆMATOCE'LE, from curua , blood ,' and
    HÆMAPH'OBUS,Hemoph'obus,from ' arpa, zran, “ tumour.' A tumour formed by blood .
    blood ,' and copos , dread .' One, who has a By some, this term has been applied to a tu
    dread of blood':- who cannot look at it without mour formed by blood effused into the cellu
    fainting lar texture of the scrotum . Others have used
    HÆÑAPOʻRIA , Hæmatoporia, Oligamia . it for tumours arising from theeffusion of blood
    from anna · blood ,' and arogos, - poor.' Pau- into the tunica vaginalis :-hæmatocele, accord
    city of blood. See Anemia . ing to them , differing from hydrocele only in
    HÆMASTATICA, Hæmatostatica. the character of theeffusion - Heister. Others,
    HÆMASTATICĒ , from 'ama, blood,' and again , have applied it to effusionsof blood into
    1011!, 'I remain ,' ' reside.' A science, which the interior of the tunica albuginea itself.
    treats of the strength of the blood vessels. Hy- Richter. The first is the usual acceptation . It
    mastat'ics. is, most commonly , caused by wounds or con
    HÆMATANGIONOSIS , Hamadonosos . tusions ; and requires the use of antiphlogistics,
    HÆMATEM'ESIS , from ‘aqua · blood ,' and discutients , & c . Sometimes it necessary to
    ENED ) , “ I vomit.' Vomitus cruentus : Hæmor. evacuate the effused blood.
    rhagia Hematem'esis, Vom'itus San'guinis , Gas- HÆMATOCHE’ZIA , from aiua, ' blood ,'
    trorrha'gia , Esophagorrhu 'gia , Vomiting of and yeton, I go to stool.' Catarrhez'is rera,
    Blood. F.) Vomissement de sung. Hamateme. Enterorrhag'in simpler, Diarrha'a cruen'ta .
    sis is generally preceded by a feeling of oppres . Discharge of blood by stool.
    sion ; weight; and dull or pungent pain in the HÆMATOCHYSIS , Hæmorrhagia .
    epigastric , and in the hypochondriac regions; HÆMATO’DES or HÆMATOIDES, San
    by anxiety , and, occasionally, by syncope . guin'eus from ' aqua, ' blood , ' and eldos, ' appear
    Blood is then passed by vomiting, and some- ance .' That which contains blood, or has the
    times, also , by stool : the blood being gene. colour of blood .
    rally of a grumous aspect . Fungus HÆMATODES, Fungus cancrosus hæ
    Hæmatemesis may be active or passive ; matodes, Melana fungo'sa carcino'des, Tumor
    acute or chronic. The blood effused proceeds, fungo'sus sanguineus, Spon'goid inflamma'tion,
    almost always , from a sanguineous exhalation Pulpy or Med'ullary Sarco'ma, Carcinoma Ha
    at the surface of the mucous membrane of the mato'des, Carcino'ma spongio'sum , Bloeding
    stomach. It is often observed in females, Fungus, Soft Cancer, (F.) Carcinome sanglante
    whose menstrual secretion is irregularly per. Hématoncie fongoide. An extremely alarming,
    formed . It is not of much danger , except when carcinomatous affection, which was first de .
    connected with diseases of some of the solid scribed, with accuracy , by Mr. John Burns of
    viscera of the abdomen . Glasgow .
    On dissection of those who have died from It consists in the development of cancerous
    protracted hæmatemesis , - for the acute kind is tumours , in which the inflammation is accom
    comparatively devoid of danger,-- the mucous panied with violent heat and pain , and with
    membrane of the stomach is found red and in- fungous and bleeding excrescences .
    Hamed, or black , and the vessels considerably Even when the diseased part is extirpated,
    dilated. Complete abstinence from food ; rest; at a very early period, -and this is the only
    the horizontal posture ; bleeding, if the hemor- wise plan that can be adopted, -recovery rarely
    rhage be active; cold , acidulous drinks, & c., follows : other organs being generally impli
    constitute the usual treatment. cated at the same time. Fungus hæmatodes
    HÆMATERA , Hepatirrhæa. was the term first applied to the disease by Mr.
    HÆMATHORAX , Hæmatothorax. Hey of Leeds. Mr.J. Burns called it Spongoid
    HÆMATICA , from fama, blood .' Dis. inflammation, from the spongy, elastic feel,
    eases of the sanguineous function :-the third which peculiarly characterizes it,and continues
    class in the Nosology of Good . even after ulceration has taken place. The
    HÆMATIDROSIS , Sudor cruentus. discase has, most frequently , been met with in
    HÆMATINE , Hemutine, Hematosine,Zoöhe- the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities ,
    matine, Hemachroine, Cruorine, Rubrine, Globu- testicle and mamma : but it occurs in the ute
    line, from 'ara, ' blood.' The colouring prin rus, ovary, liver, spleen , brain , lungs, thyroid .
    ciple of the blood. It resides in distinct par- gland, and in the hip and shoulder-joints .
    ticles or globules of the blood, and, in the Some French surgeons designate, by this
    opinion of the best observers, in the envelope name, those tumours which were formerly
    of the globules. termed anormales, carerneuses , variqueuses,
    HÆMATI'TES, from'amu , ' blood ,' so call- called Érectiles by Dupuytren , Hématoncies by
    ed from its colour or from its fancied powers of Alibert , Telangiectasiæ by Gräfe.
    stopping blood. Lapis Hemati'tes. A beautiful HEMATOGRAPHIA , from faqur , ' blood , '
    HÆMATOLOGIA 341 HÆMOP'TYSIS
    and ypagn, ' a description.' A description of HÆMATURESIS , IIematuria,
    the blood . HÆMATU'RIA , Hamature'sis, from ' atud ,
    HÆMATOLOGIA , from ' arpa , ' blood,' blood,' and ovpew, ' I make urine.' Voiding of
    and hoyos, ó a discourse.' That part of medic blood by urine. Hæmorrhagia hæmatu'ria,
    cine which treats of the blood . Mictio cruen'ta , Hæmoure'sis , M. Sanguin'ea ,
    HÆMATOMA, Thrombus (q. v . ) a bloody Mictus cruen'lus, (F.) Pissement de sang. He
    tumour, especially of the scalp of the new - born .
    morrhage from the mucous membrane of the
    HÆMATOMA Oculi , Hæmophthalmia. urinary passages. Like other hemorrhages, it
    HÆMATOM'PHÁLQCE'LE , Hæmatom'- may be active orpassive. It may proceed from
    phalum , from ‘arna , blood ,' on paios,'the navel,' the kidneys, bladder, or urethra . The essential
    and x7, 2. , a tumour. ' Umbilical hernia , the symptomsare :-blood evacuated by the urethra;
    sac of which encloses a bloody serum ; or which preceded by pain in the region of the bladder
    has, at its surface , a number of varicose veins : or kidneys, and accompanied by faintness.
    constituting the Varicom 'phalus. Whencesoever it proceeds , hæmaturia always
    HÆMATOMPHALUM , Hæmatomphalocele.takes place by exhalation. Rupture of vessels
    HEMATONCUS
    farce, (F.é a Hématoncie,
    blood , ' and oyxos, from
    tumour.' Alibert is by no means
    branes. common in requires
    Active hæmaturia the mucousmem
    general or
    has given this name to the Navi mater'ni or local blood -letting ; diluent and cooling drinks ;
    caricose tumours. He admits three varieties :- absolute rest, and the horizontal posture. The
    the H. fongoides, H. framboisée, and H. tubé chronic kind is more troublesome . It requires
    7€use . acidulated or aluminous drinks ; chalybeates
    HÆMATOPEDESIS. See Diapedesis. and tonics in general. When hæmaturia is
    HÆMATOPHLEBES’TASIS . Sudden sup- excessive, cold injections may be thrown into
    pression of a hemorrhage ;—from otuoiş amatos the rectum or into the vagina of women , and
    parfur, ' suppression of the blood of the veins. ' topical applications be made to the perineum.
    -Galen . HÆMAXIS , Blood - letting,
    HÆMATOPHO'BIA , from farua, “ blood ,' HEMIDROSIS. See Diapedesis.
    and 40Boş, dread .' Dread or horror at the HÆMITIS, from 'arpa, · blood .' Inflamma
    sightof blood , producing syncope , &c . tion of the blood . The alteration of the blood,
    HÆMATOPOTESIS , Hæmatosis . which occurs in inflammatory diseases.- Piorry .
    HÆMATOPORIA , Hæmaporia . HÆMO -ARTERITIS, Rheumatism ,( acute .)
    HÆMATOPS, ( F ) Hémutopisie. M. Ca HÆMOCERCH'NOS. This term has re
    puron, of Paris, has applied the term Héma ceived two acceptations, owing to the different
    topisie utérine, from analogy with Hydropisie senses in which zoros is employed; signify.
    uterine, to a collection of blood, which some- ing, sometimes, hissing ; at others, dry. Con
    times takes place in the uterus , when , owing to sequently, the Hellenists have translated the
    faulty conformation, the exit of the menstrual compound word , at times, by spitting of blood ,
    flux is prevented . with hissing in the throat; at others, by evacu
    HÆMATOSINE, Hæmatine. ation of dry matters.
    HÆMATOʻSIS, Eremuto'sis, Hæmatopoid'. HÆMUDIA , Hcbetu 'do Den'tium , from
    sis, Decarboniza'tion ,Atmospherization, Sangui. awodew , ' I stupefy .' Pain of the teeth ,-and
    ficatio, from fumpa , blood .' The transformation of more especially Agacement, ( q . v . ) or the set.
    the venous blood and chyle into arterial blood by ting on edge of those bodies by acid or acerb
    respiration. Called , also, Aëration , Arteriuliza "- substances. It is also called Odon'tia Stupo'ris ,
    tion of the blood. Formation of blood in general. Odontalgia hamo'dia , Dolor dentium à strido're,
    HÄMATOSTAT'ICA , from 'awua, blood ,' Toothedge, Catuplex'is.
    and orutinn, statics.' Ischemia , Hamastatica, HÆMOPHTHALMIA , from 'arma , ' blood ,'
    Hemostatics. The doctrine of the motion of and oq dainos, á eye . ' Effusion of blood in the
    the blood in living bodies. Also , remedies for eye. When the extravasation is external, it is
    stopping blood . called H. erter'na, Hyposphag'ma and Hama
    HÆMATOSTEON, from farve, blood ,' and lops exter'nus; when internal, Hemophthalmia
    Ootior, ' a bone.' Effusion of blood into the interna ; Hydrophthaľmus cruentus, Hypochysis
    bones or joints . hemato'des, Hämato'ma Oculi, and Hamalops
    HÆMATOTHO'RAX , Hamatho'rax, Hæ- internus.
    moptysis interna , Pleurorrha'a sanguin'ea ,
    HÆMOPTOE, Hemoptysis .
    Pneumorrha'gia interna, from urna , blood ,' HEMOLTOSIS, Hæmoptysis.
    and dupas , the chest. ' Extravasation of blood HÆMOP'TYSIS , from cima, blood ,' and
    into the chest . Atvo , Ispit.' Spitting ofblood.- Hæmorrha' gia
    HÆMATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA’NUM . Hæmoptysis, Emp'toe, Empto'ica pas'sio, Ha
    Aca'cia Zeylon'ica , Logwood. The part of the moptys'mus, Hemopto'sis, Sputum sanguinis,
    tree, used in medicine, is the wood, Hemator'- Crurn'ta erpui'tio, Hemorrha" gia pulmonis,
    yli Lignum, Lignum Campechen'se, L. Campe- Pas'sio hemopto’ica, Rejectio sang'uinis è pul
    chiu'num , l . Campesca'num , L. In'dicum, L. monibus, Expectora'tio sung'uinis,Hæmorrha'gin
    Sappan , L. Brasilia'num rubrum , L. cæru'léum , Bron'chica, Pneumorrha'gia .Emp'tysis , Hæmop'
    (F.) Bois de Campêche. Family, Leguminosu toē , Sputum cruen'tum , (F.) Cruchement de sang.
    Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Logwood is Hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the
    almost inodorous ; of a sweetish , subastringent lungs ; characterized by the expectoration of
    taste ; and deep red colour. Its virtues are ex- more or less florid and frothy blood. It is ge .
    tracted both by water and alcohol. It is astrin- nerally preceded by cough ; dyspnæa; sense of
    gent and tonie, and is used in the protracted heat in the chest, & c .
    stage of diarrhæa and dysentery . It is important to discriminate between hæ
    HÆMOPTYSMUS 342 HÆMORRHAGIA , &c .

    moptysis, produced by some accidental cause | ritation of the blood- vessels. They may occur
    acting irregularly or periodically on the lungs; with debility, but not from debility. He calls
    and that which is, as it were , constitutional, those only passive hemorrhages, which areowing
    and dependent on some organic affection of the to an external lesion of the vessels . Hemor.
    lungs, or some faulty conformation of the chest. rhages have been , by some, divided into consti
    These two varietiesdiffer as much in their prog- tulionul, or those depending on original con
    nosis and method of treatment,as in their causes. formation :-accidental, or ihose produced by
    Constitutional hæmoptysis is a serious disease, someadventitiouscause; supplementary.or those
    almost always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. which succeed others; symptomatic, critical, & c.
    The accidental variety is chiefly dangerous by ACTIVE HEMORRHAGE, Hemorrha " gia acti'.
    frequent recurrence, or too great loss of blood ra, H. arterio'sa , Cuuma hæmorrhag''icum , An
    The generalcausesof hæmoptysis are the same geiorrhagia , occurs chiefly in the young and
    as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, plethoric. Good living ; the use of fermented
    besides , particular causes; such as too great liquors ; excessive exercise , or loo sedentary a
    exercise of the lungs ; -loud speaking , playing life , may perhaps be ranked as predisponent
    on wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, causes. They are commonly preceded by beavi.
    & c. It usually occurs between puberty and the ness and pulsation in the part, -- owing to the
    age of 35 . afllux of blood and consequent hyperæmia , -
    A sudden and terrific kind of Hæmoptysis is and by coldness of the extremities . The blood,
    sometimes met with ; consisting in a great af. evacuated, is generally of a florid red. In such
    flux of blood into the lungs. This has been active hemorrhages, the great indications of
    called Pulmonary Ap'oplexy, (F.) Apoplexie pul. treatnient will be, to diminish plethora, where
    monaire. it exists , and to lessen the heart's action . Bleed
    Physical signs. Percussion may not always ing , purgatives, and cold , will be the chief
    aid us, but generally a circunscribed dulness agents.
    will be perceived. The inspiratory niurmur.on Passive HEMORRUAGE , Hæmorrhagia pas.
    auscultation, is feeble or absent, locally ; and is si'ra, H. Venu'sa . Profu'sio, P. hæmorihug'ira ,
    replaced by bronchial respiration and broncho occurs in those of a weak constitution; or who
    phony. A fine liquid crepitus is detected around have been debilitated by protracted disease,
    the affected part; and in the larger tubes , near poor diet, long watching, excessive evacua
    the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus is usu . tions, & c.
    ally heard . The direct causes may be :-previous active
    The value of these signs is determined by hemorrhage ; scorbutus, or any thing capable
    the nature of the expectoration . of inducing atony or asthenic hyperemia of the
    The treatment of' hæmoptysis must be like snall vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre
    ceded by excitement or by any signs of local
    that of internal hernorrhage in general.
    HÆMOPTYSIS INTERNA , Hæmatothorax - h. determination . They are usually accompanied
    Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis. by paleness of the countenance ; feeble pulse ;
    HÆMOPTYSMUS, Hæmoptysis. fainting, &c. The indications of treatment
    HÆMORRHAGIA from ‘ara, ' blood,' and will be: - to restore the action of the small ves
    onyrvul, * 1 break forth .' San'guinis proflu '. sels and the general tone of the systein ; hence
    vium copio'sum , Sanguiflua'us, Hæmatoch'ysis, the utility of styptics and cold externally; and
    Aimorrha'a, Hæmorrha'a, Profu’sio Singuinis, of tonics and astringents, creasote , mineral
    Hem'orthage, Loss of blood, (F.). Hémorrhagie acids, & c . , internally .
    ou Hémorragie, Perle de sang. Any discharge Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical
    of blood from vessels destined to contain it ; hyperæmia, as when hæmoptysis is produced
    with or without rupture of their coats. Hemor by tubercles in the lungs; bæmatemesis by dis
    rhages may be spontaneous or traumatic ; the ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdo.
    first belong to the domain of medicine, the lat- men , & c.
    ter to that of surgery . They may , also, be in- In traumatic hemorrhages, or those which are
    ternal or external ; general - as in scurvy, or the consequence of wounds of arterial or ve
    local . nous trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour,
    The hemorrhages by erhalation ; those which and issues by jets and impulses, if it proceed
    chiefly interest the physician may he classed , from an artery ; whilst it is of a deeper red ,
    with Pinel , as follows: issues slowly and by a continuous jet, if from
    Epistaxis. a vein . If ihe capillary vessels are alone di
    | Hamoplysis. vided, the blood is merely effused at the sur
    1 : IIemorrhage of the Mu- j lamaremesis. face of the wound .
    cous Membranes . Hæmorrhoids.
    Ilarmaturia . Of the means used for arresting these trau
    Uterine Hemorrhage . matic hemorrhages, some act mechanically, as
    Cutaneous . absorbenis, ligulure , and compression ; others
    2. Hemorrhage of the Tis - Cellular. chymically, as fire , caustics , creasote, astrin
    sues . Serons.
    Synovial. gents, &c.
    HÆMORRHAGUA Activa NARIUM , Epis
    Hemorrhages have generally been distin- taxis - h . Bronchica , llæmaptysis - h. Cere.
    guished into active and passire: in other words. bri, Apoplexy
    into those dependent upon augmentation of the -
    - h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis
    Hæmateniesis, Hæmatemesis - h Hama
    organic actions, and those dependent upon de tuia, Hæmaturia - h. Hemoptysis, Hæmop
    bility. According to Broussais, no spontaneous tysis - h . Mucosa , see Hæmorrhois — h. Nabo.
    · hemorrhage is passive; all are active ,-that is , ihi, see Parturition-h . Penis, Stimatosis - h .
    produced by increased action and excess of ir . ' Pulinenis, Hæmoptysis — h . Universalis , Pur
    HEMORRHINIA 343 HÆMORRHOSCOPIA

    pura hæmorrhagica — h. Uterina, Metrorrha- troublesome, by their disposition to frequent


    gia . recurrence ; and they are apt to induce fistula .
    HÆMORRHINIA , Epistaxis. Otherwise, they are devoid of danger.
    HÆMORRHEA, from cruce, blood ,' and When anatomically examined , they are found
    Deo , ' I flow .' Hæmorrhagia, (q . v .) Loss of not to consist in a varicose dilatation of the
    blood. Some writers have proposed to restrict veins of the rectum ; but to be formed of a very
    this name to passive hemorrhages. close , spongy , texture ; similar to that which
    HEMORRHEA PETECHIALIS , Purpura hæmos surrounds the orifice of the vagina ; and to
    rhagica - h . Uterina , Metrorrhagia. be erectile, like it . They are surrounded by
    HEMORRHOI'DAL OR HEMORRHOI' a delicate membrane, and have no internal
    DAL , Hæmorrhoida'lis, Hamorrhoideus. Re- cavity.
    lating to hemorrhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, The treatment, in mild cases of hæmor.
    hemorrhoidal tumours , & c . rhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest ; the hori
    HEMORRHOI'D AL VESSELs,Vasa seda'lia , are zontal posture ; the use of mild laxatives , as
    those vessels which are distributed to the rec- sulphur, castor oil , and emollient glysters, will
    tum -the seat of hemorrhoids. be sufficient.
    The HEMORRHOIDAL AR'TERIES have been If they are much inftamed, leeches may be
    distinguished into superior, middle, and inferior. applied , and warm cataplasms or cold lotions,
    1. The first is the termination of the inferior according to circumstances ,be prescribed , with
    mesenteric artery, which assumes the name abstinence ; and cooling drinks. Afterwards,
    superior hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the an ointment, composed of powdered galls and
    upper and posterior part of the rectum . .2. The opium , will afford relief. It is in the relaxed
    middle hemorrhoidal is furnished by the hypo. kind , that such ointment, and the internal use
    gastric or internal pudic. It ramifies on the of Ward's Puste, can alone be expected to afford
    inferior and anterior part of the rectum . 3. The much benefit.
    inferior hemorrhoidal arteries are branches of If, after repeated attacks , the tumours remain
    the internal pudic , furnished to the inferior hard and painful,and threaten fistula, they may
    part of the rectum and to the muscles of the anus. be removed.
    The HEMORRHOIDAL VEins follow the same These remarks apply to hemorrhoidal lu
    distribution, and generally empty themselves mours .
    into the lesser mesenteric . Some of them as- By HEMORRHOID'al Flux , Flurus hæmor
    sist in the formation of the hypogastric vein . rhoida'lis, Proctorrha' giu , is meant the hemor .
    HEMORRHOJDAL NERVES. These emanate rhage , which takes place from the rectum ,
    from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and owing to hemorrhoids. It is a coinmon af.
    cover the rectum with their numerous fila- fection. The quantity of blood discharged is
    ments . various; at times, it is very trifling ; at others ,
    HÆMOR'RHOIS , Aimorr'hoïs,from emne, sufficient to induce great debility, and even
    · blood , and peo , • I fow .' Aimor'rois, Proc': death. It is announced and accompanied by
    tica Maris'ca, Muris'ca , Proctal'gia Hæmor- the same symptoms, as precede and attend
    rhoidu'lis, Piles. The essential syinptoms of hemorrhoidal tumours. Like otherhemorrhages,
    this affection are :-Livid and painful iubercles it may be active or passive ; accidental or con
    or excrescences, (Hæmorrhoidal Tumours,) stitutional. The prognosis is rarely unfavourable.
    usually attended with a discharge of mucus or The affection may, alınost always, be relieved
    blood , (Hæmorrhoid'al flux .) The most com- by properly adapted means. These resenible
    mon causes of piles are : a sedentary life, ac- such as are necessary in hemorrhages in general.
    cumulation of fæces in the rectum ; violent Perfect quietude, - mentaland corporeal, -light
    efforis at stool ; pregnancy , & c . The precur- diet , cooling drinks ; bleeding, if the symptoms
    sory symptoms are :-Pains in the loins ; stu- indicate it ; astringents,(if the disease be pro
    por of the lower limbs ; and uneasiness in the tracted and passive,) such as the Tinctura Ferri
    abdomen and rectum . To these follow one or Muriatis ; aspersions of cold water on the
    inore round, smooth, renitent, painful, pul- anus; astringent injections; plugging and com .
    sating, and erectile tumours, around the mar- pression. Such will be the principal remedial
    gin of the anus , or within the anus ; some agents.
    pouring out blood occasionally After having When the hemorrhage has become habitual
    remained, for some time, tense, and painful, or is vicarious, some caution may be required in
    they gradually shrink and disappear . The checking it ; and , it'inconvenience arise from a
    chief syinptoms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal sudden suppression, its return may be solicited
    tumours, when much inflamed, are : constant by the semicupium , sitting over warm water ;
    pain, liable, however, to exacerbations, obliging aloetic purgatives , glysters , irritating, sup
    the patient to preserve the horizontal posture, positories, &c .; or leeches inay be applied to
    and to become augmented by the least pres- the anus.
    sure , or by the passage of the fæces. Some authors have described a species of
    Hæmorrhoids have generally been distin- LEUCORRHE'A Ana'lis ; or whitish discharge
    guished into-H . Fluen'tes, Proc'ticu Maris'ca froin the anus, which often attends ordinary
    cruen'ta , Bleeding or Open Piles ; and into H. hæmorrhoids. This they have called , Proctica
    nonfluen'tes, Proc'tica Maris'ca cæca , Hamor- maris'ca muco'sa , Hæmor'rhois alba , Hæmor
    rhoi'des cæcæ, Shut or blind piles. They have, rha'gia muco'sa, Leucor'rhois, &c. It requires
    also, been divided into internal or occult, and no special mention .
    external, according to their situation ; and into HÆMORRHOIS AB Exania , Proctocele — h .
    accidental or constitutional, Procedens , Proctocele .
    HEMORRHOID'Al Tumours are extremely ! HÆMORRHOSCOPIA , Hæmorrhoisco'pia ,
    HEMOSTASIA 344 HARE -LIP

    Hematica, from arce, blood,' PEU), ' I flow ,'


    and σκοπεω ,,
    HALITUS, Breath - h . Sanguinis, Gaz san
    ' I view . The art of forming a guinis.
    judgment of the state of the system from blood HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS ,
    drawn . Hypocondriasis-h . Vertigo, Vertigo.
    HÆMOSTA'SIA , Hæmos'tasis, Epid'esis, HALLUCINATION, Hallucina'lio, Alu'sia ,
    from ara, ' blood ,' and oraois, stagnation . ' Ilu'sion ,Allucina'tio, Parorasis , Waking dream ,
    Stagnation of blood. This name has , also, been Phan'tasm , Ido'lum , from allucinari , to err ; '
    given to any operation, the object of which is more
    to arrest the flow of blood .
    to beofdeceived.' A morbid error in one or
    the senses. Perception of objects ,
    HÆMOSTATICS , Hæmatostatica . which do not in fact exert any impression on
    HÆMOURESIS , Hæmaturia . the senses. Hallucination , alinost always, if
    HÆVEA GUIANENSIS. See Caoutchouc. not always, depends on disorder of the brain ,
    HAGARD , Haggard. but is not an index of insanity, unless the pa
    HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA. An Abyssinian tient believes in the existence of the subjects of
    tree, which the natives plant round their the hallucination .
    habitations, as an ornament. The infusion of HALME , Muria .
    its flowers mixed with beer is employed by HALMYRO'DES, Salsugino'sus, from
    them as an anthelmintic. It is called, there, j'aiuvois, a salt liquor. An epithet given to
    Cusso. any affection , in which the heat feels acrid
    HAGGARD , ( F.) Hagard. The French use under the finger of the physician. - Hippo
    the term , Air Ilagard , Cil hagard, · Haggard crates.
    air, Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in HALO SIGNA'TUS . Theimpression made
    which there is at once , an expression of mad . by the ciliary processes on the anterior surface
    ness and terror. of the vitreous humour. So called from its con
    HAGIOSPERMUM , Artemisia Santonica. sisting of a circle of indentations . - Sir C. Bell .
    HAGIOXYLUM , Guaiacum . Called by Haller, Stria relina subjecta ligamento
    HAIL , Chalaza . ciliari.
    HAIR , Sax. hær, Crines, Pilus, Thrix , (F.) HALOGENE , Chlorine.
    Poil. A conical, corneous substance ; issuing HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM , Potassa
    to a greater or less distance from the skin , to Murias hyperoxygenatus.
    the tissue of which it adheres, hy a bulb seated HALS, as, 'salt ; ' ( q. v.) hence Halogene,
    in the cellular membrane, where alone , it is Haloid , &c .
    sensible. The hair receives various names in HALYSIS MEMBRANACEA , Buthrio
    different parts - as Beard ,Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair cephalus latus-h . Solium , Tænia solium .
    of the head ( Copilli,) &c., (q . v.) HAM , Poples.
    Hair , Falling OFF OF THE, Alopecia - h . HAMAMELIS VIRGINIA'NA . The uilch
    Matted, Plica -- h . Plaited, Plica. hazel . The bark of this tree , which is a native
    Hair -WORM , Seta equina - h. Muscular, Dra- of the United States, is somewhat bitter and
    cunculus . sensibly astringent; but it has not been much
    HAL , Salt . used . A cataplasm of the inner rind of the
    HALCHEMIA . The alchymists so called bark is said to have been found efficacious in
    the art of fusing salts: from *aàs, ósalt,' and 78w, painful inflammations of the eyes.
    • I pour out.'-- Libavius. HAMMA , Nodus , ' a tie.' A knot, used for
    HALCYON , Alcyon. retaining bandages on any part . - Hippocr.
    HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM , Pila ma- HAMPSTEAD , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    rina . These waters , situate in the neighbourhood of
    HALE, Ephclides. London , are a good chalybeate .
    HALEINE, Breath - h . Courte , Dyspnæa. HA M'ULUS . Diminutive of hamus, ' a
    HALELÆON , Halela'um , from 'uis, ' salt, ' hook .' A hook or crook : Ancistron. Also, any
    and sicior , ' oil.' Oleum Sali mixtum . A mix . hook -like process ; as the hamulus of the ptery .
    ture of oil and salt , for removing swellings of goid process.
    the joints:-- Galen. IIANCHE , Haunch .
    ON
    HALÉTÉRATI , Alteration . HAND , Manus .
    HALICA , Alica . HANGERS , Crusta genu equinæ.
    HALICACALUM , Physalis. HANNEBANE , Hyoscyamus.
    HALICES , Pandiculation . HAPHĒ,ʻar,' feeling, touch ,' ( 9.v.) Hence :
    HALINA ” TRUM . A name, given by the HAPHON’OSI, Haphonu'si ; from ‘aq , the
    ancierts to subcarbonate of soda , containing a touch .' Morbi tactùs. Diseases of the sense of
    little subcarbonate of ammonia , which is found touch.
    ready formed on the plaster of damp walls, in HAPLOTO'MIA , Simpler sec'tio , from
    places inhabited by man or animals; from 'uns , 'anhos, é simple,'and tour , ' incision .' A simple
    salt natrum
    , ' and natron
    or . incision .
    HALINITROM , Potassæ nitras. HAPSIS , Touch .
    HALIT'UOUS, Halituo'sus, from hai'itus, HARD, (G.) hart, Durus, Scleros, (F.) Dur.
    vapour,' (F.) Haltueur. The skin is said
    be halitueuse, when covered with a gentle to That, which offers much resistance. In Anatomy,
    the hard parts are those which compose the os
    moisture . The vapour , exhaled in all the seous basis of the body : in other words, the
    cavities of the body , so long as the blood is skeleton. See Pulse , hard .
    warm , is called Halitus. The odorous vapour, HARDESIA , Hibernicus lapis.
    exhaled by the blood itself whilst warm , is HARE -LIP . Lagocheilus, Lagosto'ma, La' .
    called Halitus Sanguinis. bium Lepori'num , Olopho'nia Labii Loba'ta,
    HARGNE 345 HEART

    Lepori'na labia, Lepori'num rostrum , (F.) Bec HAUNCH , Coxa, Coren 'dir , of the Latins ;
    de Lièvre. A fissure or perpendicular division wY71 , or inylov, of the Greeks, Ancha , Ischion ,
    of one or both lips. It has been so called , in Hip . Cossa, (F.) Hunche The region of the
    consequence of the upper lip of the hare being trunk , which is formed by the lateral parts of
    thus divided . the pelvis and the hip joint, including ihe soſt
    The hare - lip is generally congenital; at other parts. In women , on account of the greater
    times it is accidental, or produced by a wound, width of the pelvis , the haunches are more
    the edges of which have not been brought into inarked and prominent than in men .
    contact, and have healed separately . It is HAUSTUS. A Draught . A liquid medicine ,
    simple, when there is but one division ; double, which can be taken at a draught.
    when there are two ; and complicated , when Haustus NIGER . See Infusum sennæ com
    there is , at the same time, a division or cleft of positum .
    the superior maxillary bone and of the palate : HAUT MAL , Epilepsy.
    or projection of the teeth into the separation of HAWKNUT , Bunium bulbocastanum .
    the lip. HAWTIIORN, WHITE , Mespilus oxya
    In the Hare- lip Operation , there are two in cantha.
    dications to be fulfilled. First , 'To pare , with HAY -ASTHMA , Fever , Hay.
    the knife or scissors , the edges of the cleft, HAY, CAMEL'S , Juncus odoratus.
    and , afterwards , to preserve them in contact; HAYRIFF , Galium aparine.
    in order to cause adhesion . This last object is HAZEL CROTTLES, Lichen pulmonarius
    accomplished by means of pins, passed through -h. Nut tree, Corylus avellana - h . Witch ,
    the edges of the division ; in other words, by Hamamelis Virginiana.
    the twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, HEAD , Sax. heafod , heaps, heaved ; the
    of course , be previously removed . If there be past participle of heaſan , to heave up ' Caput,
    separation of the palate , it will become less Cephale, xerpaan, zup , Cybe, ( F.) Tête. The
    and less after the union of the lip , or the head forms the upper extremity of the body ,
    consists of the cra
    operation of staphyloraphy may be performed and tops the skeleton. It which
    upon it . nium and face. The first, comprises all
    HARE's Far, Bupleurum rotundifolium . the superior and posterior part, has the en
    HARE's Eve , Lagophthalmia. cephalon in its cavity : the latter forms only
    HARGNE, Hernia — h .Anévrysmale, Cirsom . the anterior part; and serves as the receptacle
    phalus. for the greater part of the organs of the senses.
    HIRICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris—h . Grand de Heal), WATER IN THE, Hydrocephalus - h.
    Perou , Jatropha curcas. Ache, Cephalæa, Cephalalgia - h. Ache, sick ,
    called - from spasmodica .
    IHARMONY, haveHarmos,
    Hurmo'nia,
    adjust.' Anatomists Sutureano,
    by Cephalæa
    HEADY, same etymon . ( F. ) Capiteux. That
    Harmony, or simply Harmony, Fulse or super which inebriates readily. An epithet, applied
    ficial suture,-an immovable articulation , in lo wines, which possess this quality .
    which the depressions and eminences, pre . HEALTH , Sanitas.
    sented by the bony surfaces, are but slightly HEARING , HARDNESS OF , Deafness -- h .
    marked ; so that it might be presumed , that the Perverse . Paracusis perversa ,
    junction of the bones took place by simple ap . HEART, Sax. heort, Germ . Herz, Cor,
    position of their surfaces. An instance of har. Ceur, Cer , Curdin, xun, x10, xcola, (F.) Cæur.
    mony occurs in the union of the superior max . An azygous muscle , of an irregularly pyrami
    illary bones with each other. dal shape ; situate obliquely and a little to the
    HARMOS , Harmony . left side, in the chest; - resting on the dia .
    HAR'ROGATE , MINERAL WATERS OF.phragm by one of its surfaces :-suspended by
    The villages of High and Low Harrogate are its base from the great vessels ; free and mova.
    situate in the centre of the county of York . ble in the rest of its extent,and surrounded by
    England, and near Knaresborough. Here are the pericardium . The right side of the body of
    four valuable sulphureous springs, and one cha- the heart is thin and sharp, and is called Margo
    ly beate. For the former, Harrogate is cele- acu'tus: the left side is thick and round, and
    biated and frequented. termed Morgo obtu'sus. It is hollow within , and
    ARTIFICIAL HAR'ROGATE WATER may be contains four cavities ; two of which , with
    formed of common salt zv, water bij, impreg. thinner and less fleshy walls receive the blood
    nated with the gas from sulphuret of potass and from the longs and the rest of the body, and
    sulphuric acid . aa ziv . pour it into two others, with thick and very
    HARTFELL, MINERAL WATERS OF . Beshy parietes, which send it to the lungs and
    This mineral water is near Moffat, in Scotland. 10 every part of the body of these cavities,
    It is a chalybeate , and is much used . the former are called auricles, the latter ventri.
    HARTSHORN . Cervus, Cornu cervi , Liquor cles. The right auricle and right ventricle form
    cornu cervi- h . Red, Spirilos lavandulæ corn the Pulmonic or right or anterior heurt, ( F.)
    positus - h . and Oil , Linimentum ammoniæ car- antérieu
    Cour dur poumon , C. du sang noir, C. droit, C.
    : and the left auricle and ventricle the
    bonatis.
    Harts' Thugue , Asplenium scolopendrium . systemic, co poreal, left, or aortic heart, (F.)
    HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli Caur du corps , C. gauche, C. aortique ou C.
    tortuosuun . rouge. In the adult, these are totally distinct
    HASTA , Penis. from each other, being separated by a parti.
    HASTELLA , Splint . tion ;-the septum Cordis. Into the right auri.
    HASTU LA REGIS , Asphode lus ramosus, cle, the venæ cavæ ,-superior and interior,

    44
    HEART 346 HEAT

    and the coronary vein , open ; - the pulmonary being generally diminished . The physical signs
    artery arises from the right ventricle -- the four which indicate it are the following In cases
    pulmonary of long
    veins open into the left auricle , and rally standing, the præcordial region is gene
    the aorta arises from the left ventricle . prominent; the pulsations of the heart are
    The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, visible over a greater extent than natural; and
    from the twenty - fifth to the sixtieth year, is, a marked vibration is communicated to the
    according to Bouillaud, from eight io nine band when placed on the cardiac region .
    ounces . The dimensions, according to Lob- The dull sound on percussion is more exten
    stein and Bouillaud, are as follows: -Length , sive than natural ; and on auscultation there is
    from base to apex, five inches six lines ; breadth , a permanent increase of the force and extent of
    at the base, three inches ; thickness of the walls the heart's action ; there is no increase, how . 3
    of the left ventricle , seven lines ; at a fingers' ever, of frequency, and the rhythin is regu 3
    breadth above the apex , four lines ; thickness lar .
    of the walls of the right ventricle , two and a The pulse is generally strong , full, and
    quarter lines ; at the apex, half a line ; thick hard .
    ness of right auricle one line ; of the left auri- HEART, HYPERTROPHY with DILATATION OF
    cle , half a line . TIJE . In this affection , the pulsations can be
    The heart is covered, externally, by a very seen and felt over a larger space , and the apex
    thin , membranous reflection from the pericar. is more to the leit and lower down than the na
    dium . The muscular structure of which it is tural . The impulse is less steady , but at times
    constituted is much thicker in the parietes of more violent than what accompanies simple
    the ventricles than in that of the auricles . Its hypertrophy. Percussion gives more distinct 1.3
    cavities are lined by a very delicate membrane, evidence of enlargement , the sound being 1.
    the endocardium , which is continuous with more extensively dull. On auscultation, the
    the inner membrane of the arteries , as regards impulse is often violent but irregular : in ex
    the left cavities ; and with that of the veins, as treme cases it produces the sensation of a large
    regards the right. Its arteries--the coronary , mass of flesh rolling or revolving beneath the
    arise from the commencement of the aorta . Its ear . The pulse is strong, full and vibratory .
    nerves proceed , chiefly, from the pneumogas. The shock of the heart's action is often trans. ‫ܕ‬
    tric and the cervical ganglions of the great mitted to the whole person , and to the bed on
    sympathetic. which he is lying. ls
    The heart is the great agent in the circula- HEART, DILATATION OF THE . See Aneurism .
    tion . By its contraction, the blood is sent over HEART'S EASE , Viola tricolor. 134
    every part of the body. The heart's action HEARTBURN , Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia .
    does not seem to be directly owing to nervous HEARTWORT, Laserpitiuin album .
    influence , received froin ihe brain or spinal HEAT, past participle of Sax, hæran , ' to
    marrow or from both. The circulation may , make warm .' Calor, Therme, gour. (F.) Cha
    indeed, be kept up , for some time, if both brain leur . The material cause , which produces the
    and spinal marrow be destroyed . sensation , or the particular sensation itself
    When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, produced by a body of an elevated temperature ,

    / UDF2E8577873
    lengthened sound is heard, which is synchro- on our organs, especially on the organs of
    nous with the arterial pulse . This is instantly touch . Modern chymists have given the name
    succeeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that Celoric to the principle , whatever may be its
    of the valve of a bellows or the lapping of nature , which is the cause of heat. When we
    a dog , and this is followed by a period of re- touch a body of a temperature superior to our
    23:32
    pose . own , a portion of caloric passes from the body
    The first sound appears to be produced by to the hand, and produces the sensation of
    ***

    the contraction of the ventricles; the second by heat. If, on the contrary, we touch a body of a
    BETA
    1337

    the reflux of the blood against the semilunar temperature inferior to our own, we communi
    valves . These are what we call the Sounds of cate a portion of our caloric to it, and expe
    E

    the Heart . rience the sensation of cold .


    :D
    E

    The Beating or Impulse of the heart against Our own sensations are but imperfect in.
    the parietes of the chest is mainly caused, dexes of temperature. Two men meeting at
    perhaps, by the expansive force of the heart, the middle of a mountain , —the one ascending,
    which tends to project it forwards. It is un . the other descending ,—will experience ditter
    certain , however, whether the impulsion is pro- ent sensations. The one ascending, passes
    duced by the dilatation or the contraction of from a warmer to a colder atmosphere ;—the
    the ventricies . one descending, from a colder to a warmer.
    The heart is subject to different organic dis- The chief instrument for measuring heat used
    eases ; the chief of which are aneurism , con- in Medicine, is the thermometer. Of this there
    traction of the apertures, and rupture of its are three kinds; that of Fahrenheit, that of
    parictes. Réaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centi.
    HEART, HYPERTROPHY OF THE. Supernu - grade.
    trition of the muscular parietes of the heart , The following Table exhibits the correspond.
    which are thicker than usual ; the cavities'ence of these ditferent thermometric scales .
    HEAT 347 HEAT

    Fahr . Réaum . Centig . Fahr. Réaum .' Centig. Fahr. Réaum . Centig. Fahr. Réaum . Centig .

    o
    O o o O o O

    212a 80.00 100.00 148 51.55 65.00 85 23.55 30.00 22 4.44 - 5.00
    211 79.55 99.44 147 511 64 44 23.11. 29.44 21 4.88 5.55
    79.11 98.88 50.66 63.88

    E
    2106 146 83 22.66 ! 23.80 20u 5.33 6.11
    209 78.66 98.33 145 50.22 63.33 22:22 28.33 19 5.77 6 661
    208 78.22 97.77 144 49.77 6277 810 21.77 27.77 18 6 22 - 7.221
    207 77.77 97.22 ! 143 49.33 62 22 80 21.33 27:22 17 6 66 7.77
    206 77.33 96.66 142g 48.88 61.66 79 20.88 26 60 16 7.11 8.33
    205 76.88 96.11 141 48.41 61.11 20.44 26.11 15 7.55 8.88
    204 76.44 95.55 140 48.00 60.55 77 20.00! 25.53 14 8.00 9.44
    203 70 00 95.00 139 47.55 00.00 76р 19.55 ! 25.00 13 8.44 -10.00
    202 75 55 94.44 138 47.11 59.44 75 19.1 ] 24.44 12 8.88-10.55
    201 75.11 93.88 137 46 66 58.88 18.66 23.88 11 9.33-1111
    200 74.66 9:37:33 136 46 22 58.33 73 10.22 23.33 10 9.77--11.66

    0-1000A
    199 74. 22 92.77 1:33 45.77 57.77 72 17.77 22.77 9 -10.22-12.22
    198 7: 3 77 92 22 1:34 45.33 57.32 17 33 22 22 8 10.66–12.77
    197 7333 91.66 133h 44.81 56.60 70 16.28 21 00 70 -111-13.33

    CFS
    1960 72 88 91.11 132 44.45 50.11 69 16 44 210 -11.55 - 13.88
    195 72.44 90.55 131 44.00 55.5.3 68 16.00 20 5 . 5 -12 00 -14 44
    194 72.00 90.00 1:30 43.55 55.00 15.55 20.00 4 -12.44 -15.00
    193 71.55 89.44 129 43 11 54.44 15.11 ! 19.44 3 -12.88 -15.55
    192 71.11 88.89 128 42.66 53.88 65 14.66 18.00 2 13.33—16.11
    191 70.66 83.33 127 42 22 53.3:3 64 14 22 18 3 : 1 -13.77 - 16.66
    1.90 70.22 87 77 126 41.77 52.77 63 13.77 17.77 --14.22–17.22
    189 69.771 87.22 125 4133 52 22 62 13.33 17:22 1 -14.66 -17.77
    183 69.33 86 66 124 40.88 51.66 61 12.88 16.66 20 -15.11-18.33
    187 68.88 86.11 123 40.44 5111 60 12.44 16 11 3 -15.55 -18.88
    186 63.44 85.55 122 40.00 50.55 59 12.00 15.55 4 - 16.00-19.44
    185 68.00 85.00 121 39.55 50.00 11.55 15.00 5 - 16.44 -20.00
    184 67.55 84.41 120 39.11 49.44 57 1111 14.44 6 -16.88 -20.55
    183 67.111 83.28 119 38.66 48.88 56 10.66 13 se 71 -17.33 -21.11
    182 60.60 83.33 118 38 22 48.33 55 10.22 13.33 8 -17.77 -21.66
    181 66.22 82.77 117 37.77 47.77 54 9.77 12.77 - 9 -18.22-22.22
    180 63.77 82 22 116 37.33 47.22 53 933 12.22 -10 -18.60 -22.77
    179 65.33 81.66
    15 36.88 46.66 52 8.83 11.66 —117 19.11-23.33
    1780 64.88 8111 114 36 44 46.11 51 8.44 11-12 -19.55 -25.88
    177 61.11 80 55 113 3600 45.5 509 8.00 10:55 -13 -20.00 -24.44
    176 64.00 80.00 112 35 55 45.00 49 7.55 10.00 -14 -20,44 -25.00
    175 63.5.5 79.441 111 35. 11 44.41 48 7.11 9.44 - 15 -20.88 -25.55
    174e 63.111 78.8 || 110i 34 66 43.80 47 6 66 8. - 16 --21.33 -20.11
    173 02.66 78 33 109 31 23 4 :3.33 46 6.22 8.33 -17 -21.77 -26.66
    172 62.22 77.77 108 33.77 42.77 45 577 -18 -22 22 -27.22
    171 61.77 77.22 107 33.33 42.22 44 5.33 7.22 -19 -2:2.66 -27.77
    170 61.33 76,66 || 100 32.88 41.66 43 4.88 6.66 20 -23.11. - 28.33
    169 60.88 76.11 105 32.44 4111 42 4.44 6.11 21 -23.55 -28.88
    168 60.44 75.551 104k 32 00 40,55 41 4.00 5.55-22 -24.00 -20.44
    167f 60.00 75.00 103 31.55 40.00 40 3.55 5.00 23 -24.44 -30.00
    166 59.55 74.44 1021 31.11 39.44 39 3.11 4.44 -24 -24.88 -30.55
    165 59.11 73.88 101 30.66 38.88 38 2.66 3.88 -25 -25.33–31.11
    164 58.66 73.33 || 100m 30.22 38,33 37 2.22 3.33 -26 -25.77-31.69
    163 58.22 72.77 99 29.77 37.77 36 1.77 2.77 -27 -26.22 -32.221
    162 57.77 72.22 98n 2 :9.33 37.22 35 1.331 2.22-98 -26.66-32.77
    161 57.33 71.66 97 28.88 36.66 34 0.88 - 1.66 -29 -27.11 -33.33
    160 56.88 71.11 96 28.44 36.11 33 044 1.11 -30 -27.55 -33.88
    IIIII

    159 56.44 70.55 95 23.00 35.55 32r 0.00 0.55 31 -28.84--34.44


    158 56.00 70.00 94 27.55 35.00 0.44 0.00 -32 -28.00 -35.00
    157 55.55 69.44 93 27.11 34.44 30s 0.88 0.55 33 -28.88-35.55
    156 55.11 68.88 92 26.66 33 88 29 1.33 1.61 -34 -29.33–36.18
    54.66 . 68.33 26.22 33 33 280 1.77 1.66 35 -29.77-36.66
    155
    154 54.22 67.77 25.77 32.77 27 2.22 2.22 36 -30.22-37.22
    153 53.77 67.22 25.331 32.22 26 2.66 2.771-37 -30.66-38.33
    53.33 66.66 24.88 31.60 25 311 3.33-38 -31.111-38.88
    152
    151 52.88 06.11 24.44 31.0 24 3.55 3.881-392 -31.551-39.44
    150 52.44 65.55 24.00 30.55 23 4.00 4.44 -40 -32.00 –40.00
    149 52.00
    a Water boils ( Barom . 30 inches.) b Heat of a stove, borne by Dr. Solander.
    c• Alcohol
    Heat of aboils
    stove, borne for 10 minutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander . d Water şimmers.
    . f Very pure ether distiis . 8 Bees ' wax melts . Spermaceti melts .
    i Temperat ure at which liquids are often drunk . Heat observed in Scarlatina .
    k Temperature of the common hen . ure 1 Temperat of arterial blood . (?)
    n Æther boils .
    m Temperature of venous blood . Phosphorus inelts.
    o Nitric ether boils . p Muriatic ether boils.
    q Medium temperature of the globe . q Ice mells .
    u Strong wine freezes.
    & Milk freezes . t Vinegar freezes.
    no Cold at the battle of Eylau, 1807,
    0 A mixture of one part of alcohol and three of water freezes.
    A mixture or equal parts of alcohol and water freezes. · Melting point of quicksilver,
    y A mixture of two parts of alcohol and one of water freezes .
    HEATH 348 HELCOS

    The human body can bear a high degree of HEC'TEUS, ' EXTIUS. A Greek measure ,
    heat diffused in ihe atmosphere . There are containing about 72 chopines or pints.
    cases, on record , where air of 4000 and upwards HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica , Hectico
    of Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with pyra, Hecticopy retos, Syntecopyra , Syntectico
    impunity for a short time . It can likewise pyru, Febris marusmo'des , Fièvre Hectique, F.
    withstand very severe cold. In the expedition clique, Febris tab'ida, Leucopyr'ia , Epun'etus
    of Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the ther. hectica , Febris lentu , F. amplimer'ina hec'tica ,
    mometer was as low as - 700 of Fabr. Febris amuto'riu, Chloro'sis amato'riu , from
    Excessive heat disposes the body to gastric jis, ' habit of body ; ' because in this disease ,
    and intestinal diseases, and particularly to in every part of the body is emaciated ; or perhaps
    flammation and enlargement of the liver ; froin eztizo , ' I consume,' ' I am exhausted .'
    hence , the frequency of such affections within The name of a slow , continued , or remittent
    the torrid zone . fever, which generally accompanies the end of
    Heat is often used therapeutically : the actual organic affections, and which has been es.
    cautery , at a white heat, disorganizes the parts teemned idiopathic, altlıough it is probably al
    to which it is applied : a lesser degree occasions ways symptomnalic. It is the fiver of irritability
    violent in Hammation. Heat higher than that anu debility ; and is characterized by progressive
    of the human body , is excitant; of a lower de.emaciation ; frequent pulse ; hot skın ; especially
    gree, sedative. Excessive cold acts as a pow . of the palms of ihe hands and soles of the feet';
    erful sedative - inducing sleep, the tendency to and, towards the end , colliquative sweats and
    which , after long exposure , becomes irresisti . diarrhea.
    ble . See Cold . Being symptomatic, it can only be removed
    Many of the topical applications — as cala- by getting rid of the original affection. This
    plasms-act wholly by virtue of their warmth is generally difficult and almosthopeless in the
    and moisture . disease, which it most commonly accompanies.
    In Pathology ; - Internal heat, (F ) Chaleur -consumption .
    interne, is a sensation of heat felt by the patient, HECTICA PHTHISIS, Ph . pulmonalis .
    but not sensible to the touch . External heut, HECTICOPYRA , Hectic fever.
    (F.) Chaleur extérieure, that which can be HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever.
    felt by others . Heat , Ardor, is called moist , ( F. ) HEC'TISIS , (F.) Étisie. Same etymon. The
    haliteuse, when accompanied with moisture, state of those who have hectic fever.
    like that felt after bathing , dry ; (F.) sèche ,
    HEC'TOGRAMME , Hectogram'ma, from
    when the skin has not its ordinary suppleness
    exator , a hundred ,' and yoanmu, a measure of
    It is called acrid and pungent, ( F ) âcre et mor.
    100 grammes, i . e . 3 ounces, 1 drachm , and 44
    dicante, when it conveys a disagreeable tingling
    grains, Troy.
    to the fingers. The French employ the terus HECTOLITRE . A measure , containing 100
    nervous heat and errutic hent , Chaleur nerteuse litres or 26.42 wine pints.
    and Chaleur ervatique , for that which comes by HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix.
    fluslies, alternating with chills, and which HED'ERA Helix, Hedera arbo'rea, Bac'chica,
    moves rapidly from one part to another. M. Cissos, 215005, Cutos, x1110 $, Ed'era, Corymbe'
    Double has used the term septic hent, ( F.) Cha tra, Corymbos. The iry. (F.) Lierre. The
    leur septique, for that which produces a piquante taste of iry leaves is bitter ,sty ptic, and nauseous.
    sensation on the band, similar to that of the They are not used in medicine. According to
    acrid heat, but milder and more uniform , and Haller, they were recommended in Germany
    which is accompanied with feebleness and fre against the atrophy of children ; and the com
    quency of pulse , & c . mon people of England sometimes apply them
    HEAT, ACRID , see Acrid_h. Prickly , Lichen to running sores and to keep issues open .
    tropicus The berries were supposed, by the ancients,
    HEATH , COMMON , Erica vulgaris. to have an emetic and purgative quality ; and
    HEAVINESS , Somnolency. a watery extract wr.s made from them , called
    HEAVY, Gravis, (F.) Graratif, from Sax . by Quercetanus , Extractum purgans. From
    hefaan , to heave ,' an epithet given to any the stalk of the tree a resinous juice exudes
    pain , which consists in a sensation of weight in warm climates , called - Gummi Hedera ,
    or heaviness , or is accompanied by such sensa- Gomme de lierre, Resine de lierre. It is pos.
    tion .
    HEBDOMADARIA , Octanea.
    sessed of tonic and astringent properties , but is
    not used .
    HEBE , Àßn. This word has been employed HEDERA TERRESTRIS , Glecoma hederacea .
    to designate , 1. The hair which grows on the HEDERULA , Glecoma liederacea .
    pubes. 2. The pubic region, and 3. puberty . HEDISARUM ALKAGI , Agul.
    (9 v .) HEDRA, ' Edoa , ‘edon , ' a vestige .' A fracture
    HÉBETUDO DENTIUM , Hæmodia - h.Vi- of the bones of the cranium , in which the trace
    sus , Amblyopia, Caligo . the fracturing instrument is still perceptible
    HEBREWS , MEDICINE OF THE . Medi. of It was , also , used, by the ancients, for the anus,.
    cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with | (q . v . ) excrement, (q. v .) and for the bottom of
    the ancient Hebrews . Of anatomy they knew an abscess.
    nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and HEDYSMA, Condiment.
    filled with superstitions, and their therapeutics HELCODES, Ulcerous .
    unsatisfactory: Hygiène appears to have been HELCOMA, Ulcer.
    most attended to : of the other departments HEL'COS, from ' eizos , an ulcer,' (9. v .)
    of medicine ve cannot judge of their know- Hence:
    ledge. HELCOSIS , Elcosis .
    HELCTICA 349 HEMERALOPIA

    HELCTICA , Epispastics. MUS. The method of treating diseases ,


    HELCY D'RTON, Helcyd'rium, 'saxvdorov: amongst the ancients , by hellebore . This com
    ulcus'culum , a small ulcer. - Galen, Paulus, prised not only the choice, preparation , and
    Foesius. administration of the medicine, but , likewise,
    HELCYS'TER , from “sixo), “ I draw. An the knowledge and employment of preliminary
    iron hook or crotchet for exuacting the fætus. precautions and remedies , proper for aiding its
    See Crotchet. action, and preventing the pernicious effectis
    HELENIUM . Inula helenium . which it might occasion .
    TIEL'ICINE , from Helir , ' the tendril of the HELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum album .
    vine. ' HELLEB'ORUS FET'idUS, Helleboras'ler, Elle
    The HELICINE ARTERIES of the penis, as boraster, Stinking Hel'lebore or Beur's Foot.
    described by Müller, are short vessels given off ( F. ) Hellébore ou Ellebore fétide, Pied de
    froin the larger branches as well as from the Griffon. The leaves of this plant are said
    finest twigs of the artery of the organ ; most of to be anthelmintic. The smell of the fresh
    those come off at a right angle , and project plant is extremely fetid , and the laste bitter
    into the cavity of the spongy substance , either and acrid . It usually acts as a cathartic.
    terminating abruptly or swelling out into a HELLEBORUS NIGER, Melampo'dium , Ecto
    club- like process without again subdividing. mon,"extonov, Black 11ellebore, Christmas Rose.
    Alinost all these vessels are bent like a horn, so ( F.) Hellébore noir. The root of this European
    that the end describes half a circle or some- plant has a disagreeable odour , and bitter, acrid
    what more . They have a great resemblance to iaste . It is possessed of cathartic properties,
    the tendrils of the vine , whence their name and has been recommended as an eininena.
    A minute examination of them , either with the gogue. It has been given in mania , melan
    lens or the microscope, shows that, although cholia , dropsy, suppressed menses, & c . Dose ,
    they at all times project into the venous cavi- gr. x to 2.1, as a cathartic.
    HELMIN'THAGOGUES, Helminthago'ga,
    ties of the corpora cavernosa, they are not en .
    tirely naked , but are covered with a delicate Helmin'thics, from 'rimus, ' a worm ,' and
    ayo ,
    membrane, which, under the microscope, ap- ' I expel .' Remedies, used against intestinal
    pears granular. worms; — Anthelmin'thics , Ver'mifuges.
    HEL'ICIS MAJOR . A muscle of the ear . HELMINTHI, Worms.
    which originates from the anterior, acute part HELMINTHIA , Helminthiasis - h . Alvi ,
    of the helix, upon which it ascends and is in- Worms.
    serted into the helix. It pulls the part into i HELMINTHIA ERRATI'CA. Worms, introduced
    which it is inserted a little downwards and by accident and without finding a proper habi
    forwards . tation in the stomach or intestines ; producing
    HELICIS Minor . This muscle originates spasmodic colic , witli severe tormina,and occa
    fron the under and fore part of the helix, and sionally vomiting or dejections of blood : the
    is inserted into the helix, near the fissure in 12th genus of the order Enterica, class Calaca,
    the cartilage, opposite the concha. lls use is of Good .
    to contract the fissure. HELMINTHIA Ponicis, Worms.
    HELICOTREMA, from ‘shiš, h' elix , coch .. HELMINTHIASIS, from Emurs, ' a worm .'
    lea , ' and T011 , a foramen .' The hole by A generic name for diseases caused by the pre
    which the two scalæ of the cochlea communi- sence of intestinal worms. It is, also , called
    cate at the apex . Helmin'thia , Vermina'tio, l'ermi'tio , Morbus ver
    HELIKIA , Age. inino'sus, Stutus rermino'sus, Saburra termino' .
    HELIOSIS , Insolation. sa , Scoleciasis, Porasitis'musintestina'lis,Worms,
    MIELIOTROPE , Heliotropium Europæum . Invermination , See Worms.
    HELIOTROPION , Cichorium intybus. HELMINTHICS, Helminthagogues.
    HELIOTROʻPIUM EUROPE'UM , Verru HELMINTHO -CORTON , Corallina Cor
    ca'ria . The Heliotrope. ( F.) Tournesol, Herbe sicana .
    Cur verrues. This plant is considered to pos- HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog’ia ,
    sess aperient properties; and to be capable of from beiners ,a worm ,' and loyos, a descrip
    destroying cutaneous excrescences ; hence one tion.' A treatise on worms.
    of its names .
    HELIX , ris , Capreolus , from allav, “ to en fromHELMINTHOP 'YRA , Helminthopyretos,
    sdmurs, " a worm,' and avo , a fever.'
    velop ,' “ surround .' The fold is thus called, Fever occasioned by worms. See Fever, ver
    which forins the outer circumf erence or ring minous.
    of the external ear. HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra.
    Helix , Limax.
    HELO'SIS , Helotis ; from ethw , ' I turn. ' In
    Helix Pona'tia. A large kind of snail, version of the eyelids, and convulsions of the
    transported from the South of Europe to Eng- muscles of the eye.
    land by Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady , when HEMERA , repa , ' a day . ' Hence :
    in a decline. It was considered highly resto HEMERALOPIA, from uspa , ' the day ,'
    rative .
    HELLEBORASTER , Helleborus fætidus. and ontoual, I see.' Dyso'pia Tenebra'rum ,
    HELLEBORE, AMERICAN, Yeratrum Purop'sis Noctif'uga,
    pia, (of some,) Visuscrepusculd'ris,
    Amblyo'pia diur'nus, Nyctalo'
    Cæci
    viride - h. Black, Helleborus niger- h . Blanc, tas crepuscula'ris ,A'cies diurna, Day.sight, Day
    Veratrum albun — h. Noir, Helleborus niger- vision, Hen blindness. (F. ) Vue diurne, Aveu
    h. Stinking, Helleborus fætidus - h . Swamp, glement de Nuit. Adisease, in which the eyes
    Veratrum viride -h. White, Veratrum album . enjoy the faculty of seeing, whilstthe sun is
    HELLEBORISMUS OR ELLEBORIS'. ' above the horizon ; but are incapable of seeing
    HELMINTHUS GORDII 350 HEPATIC

    by the aid of artificial light. Its causes are frous, one half ,' and oqaroa, 'a sphere '. One
    not evident. The eye , when carefully exa- half of a sphere or of a body having a spheroi
    mined, presents no alteration, either in its dal shape. The hemispheres of the brain are the
    membranes or humours. upper spheroidal portions of the brain , sepa.
    HEM'ERALOPS, Dorea. One labouring un- rated from each other by the falx cerebri.
    der hemeralopia. HEMITRITÆA, Semi-tertia'na, Fièrre demi
    HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina. tierce, Febris sesquialtera. (F.) Semi-tierce. A
    HELODES , Elodes. seini- tertian fever, so called because it seems
    HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris.) to possess both the characters of the tertian
    HELOPYRETOS, Elodes ( febris . ) and quotidian intermittent. — Galen , Spigelius.
    HELOS, Clavus, Marsh, HEMIUN'GION , Semuncia . Half an ounce ,
    HELOTIS , Helosis, Plica. HEMLOCK , Conium maculatum - h . Bas.
    HELXINE, Parietaria . tard , Chærophyllum sylvestre-h . Common ,
    HEMACHROINE, Hæmatine. Conium maculatum - h . Dropwort, Enanthe
    HEMATINE , Hæmatine . -h . Water, fine - leaved, Phellandrium aquati
    HÉMATONCIE , Hæmatoncus, see Hæma- cum - h . Water, Cicuta aquatica.
    todes Fungus--h . Fongoide, Hæmatodes fun- HEMLOCK Gum , see Pinus Canadensis .
    gus . HEMLOCK, SPRUCE, Pinus Canadensis.
    HÉMATOPISIE , Hæmatops. HEMORRHAGE , Hæmorrhagia - h. From
    HEMATOSINE, Hæmatine. the bladder, Cystirrhagia - h . From the pitui
    HEMERA, Dies. tary membrane, Epistaxis — h . Uterine, Metror
    HEMERALOPIA . See Nyctalopia . rhagia .
    HEMEROPATAI'A , from nepa, ' a day , ' HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomator
    and nudos, an affection .' A disease, which rhagia - h. de la Matrice, Metrorrhagia - h. Na
    continues only a day ; or, which is only ob- sale, Epistaxis --h . de la Vessie, Cystirrhagia .
    served during the day . HEMORRIIOIDES AVEUGLES, Cæcæ hæ
    HEMI, 71, 7uOUS, ' half , ' " semi.' Jience: morrhoides.
    HEMICEPH'ALUS, from Ml, half ,' and HEMP, INDIAN , Apocynum cannabinum ,
    zequiri , ' head .' One who has half a head . Bangue .
    HEMICRA'NIA , Migra'na , Grana, Hemipa'- HEMPSEED . See Cannabia sativa,
    gia, Hemipe'gia, Heterocra'nia , Monopa' gia , HEN BLINDNESS , Hemeralopia.
    Cephala'a Hemicrania, Megrim , from imovs, HENBANE , Hyoscyamus.
    balf,' and xoavior, ' cranium .' ( F.) Migraine. HENNE , Lawsonia inermis.
    Pain , confined to one half the head. It is al
    HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA , Genti
    most always of an intermittent character ;-- at ana Chirayita .
    times, continuing only as long as the sun is HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar.
    above the horizon ; and hence sometimes called HEPAR , “ , genitive, 91010$, “ liver,
    Sun pain , -and is cured by cinchona, arsenic , (q. v.) The ancient name for the lirer of sul
    and ihe remedies adapted for intermittents. phur, Hepar sulphuris ; which is sometimes a
    HEMICRANTA Idiopathica, Neuralgia,facial . compound of sulphurand potassium ; at others,
    HEMIECTON, HEMIECTEON, Semisêr- of sulphur and potassa . See l'otassæ Sulphu
    tim , A vessel, capable of containing 36 cho retum .
    pines or pints, and in which fumigations were HEPAR ANTIMONIA'Tuu is a compound of a
    made in diseases of the uterus and vagina.— sulphuretofantimony and an alkali. See Oxy
    Hippocr. Stibii Sulphureium .
    HEMIMORION, from rulous and motoa, “ a duin HEPAR MARTIA'le, a compound of sulphuret
    part.' One half.'- Foësius. Also , half a of potass and an oxide of iron.
    drachm . - Erotian . HlePaR SANGUINIS, see Blood - h . Sulphuris
    HEM'INA, a Greek measure, answering to salinum , Potassæ sulphuretum - h. Sulphuris
    the Cotyle, motvin, i . e. one half the sextarius , volatile , Ammoniæ sulphuretum - h. uterinuin ,
    or about half a pint , English . Placenta .
    HEMIOBO'LION , or HEMIOB'OLON . HEPATAL'GIA , from prao, ' liver, ' and
    Half the obolus. A weight of about five grains . anyos,' pain . ' Pain in the liver.
    Gorræus. HEPATALGIA PETITiana, Turgescentia vesi
    HEMIOʻLION . A weight of 12 drachms, culæ felles -- h . Phlegmonoides , Hepatitis .
    or oz . 11 - Galen . See Sescuncia . HEPATAPOSTEMA, from “y,stap,the ' liver,'
    HEMÍO'PIA , Hemiopsis,Visus dimidia'tus, and anootipa, an abscess.' Abscess of the
    Marmor'ygë Hippocratis,from rulovs, ‘one half, liver.
    and on tomar, I see.' Depraved vision , in HEPATARIUS , Hepaticus.
    which the person sees only one half of an ob- HEPATEMPHRAX'IS ,from tao, liver ,'
    ject. and soooow . " I obstruct. Hepatic obstruc
    HEMIOPSIS , Hemiopia. tion .-- Ploucquet.
    HEMIPAGTA , Hemicrania. HEPATE'ROS, Hepat'icus, Jecora'rius. A
    HEMIPEGIA ,Hemicrania . variety of diarrhæa,Fluxus hepaticus. - Gorræus.
    HEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplex'ia, Paralysis He- HEPAT'IC , Hepaticus, Hepatarius, Jecora'
    miplegia, Epiplegia , from rulovs, 'one half,' and rius, from run, the liver.' Belonging or re
    cr1100w, or inttu , I strike . ' Paralysis of one lating to the liver.
    side of the body. See Paralysis. One, so pal- HEPATIC AR'TERY, Arteria Hepatica , one of
    sied, is said to be hemipleg'ic, semi-sidera'tus. the three branches given off by the celiac. It
    HEMIPLEXIA , Hemiplegia. passes towards the inferior surface of the liver ;
    HEMISPHERE, Hemisphe'rium ; from where it divides into two branches, a right and
    HEPATICA 351 HERACLEUM GUMMIFERUM

    left, which proceed towards the corresponding tion of those who have died from it, the liver
    parts of that organ . The right branch gives has been found hard and enlarged ; colour of a
    off the cystic artery. Before dividing , the deep purple ; or the membranes have been more
    hepatic artery sends off two considerable or less vascular: or adhesions, or tubercles, or
    branches, the A. pylorica and A. Gastro-epi- hydatids, or abscesses, or biliary calculi have
    ploica dextra . been met with . The treatment must be bold .
    „ The HEPATIC VEins or Supra hepatic reins do Bleeding, general and local, fomentations, blis
    not follow the course of the arteries of the same ters, purgatives, and the antiphlogistic regimen.
    name. They arise in the substance of the liver; ! In hot climates especially , a new action must be
    converge towards the posterior margin of that excited by mercury as early as possible.
    viscus and open into the vena cava inferior. Chronic Hepatitis or Chronic liver disease ,
    They convey away the blood carried to the is not as common as is believed . It may be sus.
    liver by the hepatic artery and vena porta. pected from the existence of the symptoms
    The Hepatic Duct, ( F. ) Canal hépatique, above mentioned, but in a minor degree ; with
    Ducius hepaticus, is aboutthree fingers breadth enlargement and constant dull pain in the re
    in length , and ofthe size of a quill. It is formed gion of the liver ; sallow countenance ; high
    by the union of all the biliary ducts, and joins coloured urine ; clay.coloured fæces, &c .
    the cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form The great object of treatment is, to excite a
    the ductus choledochus. Its function is to con - ' new action by mercury and counter-irritants,
    vey the bile from the liver towards the duo- and to keep the liver free by catharties.
    denum . HEPATIZA'TION, Heputisa'tio, from ‘nnag,
    The HEPATIC Plexus, Plerus hepaticus, con- the liver . ' Conversion into a liver-like sub
    sists of nervous filaments, sent by the cæliac stance. Splenization. Applied to the lungs
    plexus to the liver , which accompany the he . when gorged with lungs or plastic matters, so
    patic artery, that they are no longer pervious to the air. In
    HEPATICA . A name formerly given to such state they are said to be hepatized.
    medicines, wbich were believed capable of re- HEPATOCE'LE,from 2010, the liver ,' and
    moving diseases of the liver . rrari, “ a tumour.' Hernia of the Lirer. The
    HEPATICA, Anemone hepatica - h. Fontana , liver has never been found entirely out of the
    Marchantia polymorpha - h. Nobilis, Anemone abdominal cavity. Increase of its bulk or inju
    hepatica -- hi Stellata, Asperula odorata. ries of the parietes of the abdomen have been
    HEPATICA TO L'OBA, Trifullium aureum , the sole cause of the protrusions, which have
    Lirerwort, ( F ) Hépatique des jardins. This been occasionally met with , especially in in
    plant is a gentle astringent, but not possessed tants, in whom the upper part of the linea alba
    of much virtue . is very weak , and indeed scarcely seems to ex
    HEPATICUS, Hepateros — h. Flos, Ane . ist. Sauvages has distinguished two species of
    mone hepatica. hepatocele :--the rentral (in the linea alba ,) and
    HÉPATIQUE ÉTOILIE, Asperula odora the umbilicalor hepatomphulum .
    ta - h. des Fontaines, Marchantia polymorpha- HEPATO -COLICUM . A ligament of the
    h. des Jarilins, Hepatica triloba . liver, described by Haller, as passing from the
    HEPATIRRHEA, Flurus hepat'icus, Dys- gall-bladder and contiguous sinus portarum ,
    ente'ria hepat'ica, Diurrha'a hepaticu . Hepa . across the duodenum to the colon. Another,
    torrhagia , Hæmule'ra , Aimatera , ( F. ) Flue he termed Hepato-renal, descends from the root of
    patique, from “, nun,“the liver,' andoed, ' I flow . the liver io the kidney . They are both peri
    A species of diarrhea in which the excreted toneal.
    matters seem to come from the liver ; or are HEPATO -GASTRIC , Gastro -hepatic.
    niuch mixed with bile , & c . HEPATOG'RAPHY, Hepatogra'phia ; from
    HEPATIS EMUNCTORIA, Inguen-h . 70, ' the liver,' and your , ' a description.'
    Suspensorium , Ligament, suspensory, of the The part of Anatomy which describes the liver.
    liver. HEPATOL'OGY, Hepatologia ; from “, tao;
    HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma hepati'tis, Inflam- ' the liver,' and oyos, a discourse , ' treatise .'
    ma'tio hepatis, 1. Jecino' ris, Febris hepatica in- A treatise on the liver.
    flammato'ria , Heputalgia phlegmonoi'des , In- HEPATONCUS, from yao, ' the liver,'
    flammation of the liter. ( F. ) Hépatite, Inflam- and 0,7705, a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver.
    mation du foie, Piece (Provincial) It may be HEPATOPAREC'TAMA , from tag, ' the
    seated either in the peritoneal covering or in liver,' and T40eutuua, ' considerable extension .'
    the substance of the liver or in both ;and may Augmentation of the liver.
    be acute or chronic . The peculiar symptoms HEPATORRHAGIA , Hepatirrhea.
    are ;--pain in the right hypochondrium , shoot- HEPATOTOMY, from man, ' the liver,'
    ing to the back and right shoulder, and in and teuto , I cut.' Dissection of the liver.
    creased on pressure ; difficulty of lying on the HEPIALOS, Epialos.
    left side ; sometimes jaundice and cough, and HEPS . See Rosa canina.
    synocha. HEP’TAPHARMACUM , from “erta ,' seven .'
    Its termination is generally by resolution : in and quouixov, ' a remedy.' A medicine , com
    tropical climates it often runs on to suppura- posed of seven substances; cerusse , litharge,
    tion ; the abscess breaking either externally , or pitch, wax, colophony, frankincense, and bul
    forming a communication with the intestines lock's fat. It was regarded as laxative, suppu
    or chest, or breaking into the cavity of the ab- rative , and healing.
    domen . The causes are those of inflammation HERACLEUM GUMMIFERUM . See Am
    in general. Heat predisposes to it ; hence its moniac gum .
    greater frequency in hot climates. On dissec . HERACLE'Um Spondyl'IUM , Branca ursi'na
    HERB 352 HERNIA

    German'ica , Spondylium ,Cow Parsnep, All-heal, ' grass,' and roro , ' I eat . ' . An epithet applied
    (F.) Berce, Branc-ursine bâtarde, Fuusse Acun- to animals which feed on herbs.
    the. Family, Umbelliteræ . Ser. Syst. Pentan . HER'BORIST, Herba'rius. One who deals
    dria Digynia. The root of this plant has a in useful plants. A Herbalist or Herbarist.
    strong, rank smell ; and a pungent, almost caus- HERBORIZATION , Ileriu'rum inquisi'tio.
    tic taste . It has been given as a tonic , stoma . An excursion , made with the view of collect
    chic , and carminative ; both in powder and in ing plants. Such excursions are directed by the
    decoction . The Russians, Lithuanians, and the Apothecaries' Company of London , for the
    Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by fer- useHERCULES
    of their apprentices , & c.
    ALLHEAL , Pastinaca opo
    mentation, a very intoxicating spirituous liquor , to
    which they call Parst. ponax .
    The HERACI.E'UM LANA'TUM or Mustericort , is HERED'ITARY, Heredita'rius, Gentilius ,
    in the secondary list of the Pharmacopeia of Sym'phytos, Syn 'genes. An epithet given to dis By
    the United States . eases, communicated from progenitors. Such
    HERB, Herba. diseases may exist at birth ; or they may super
    The Five EMOLLIENT Herbs, Quinque herba vene at a niore or less advanced period of es La
    emollien'tes, were , anciently ;-beet, mallow , istence.
    marsh -mallow , French mercury, and violet. HERMAPHRODE'ITY , Hermaphrodis'mus, er
    2
    The Five CAPILLARY HERBS, Quinque herbe Hermaph'rodism ; from 'Eours Mercury ,' and
    capilla'res, were hart's tongue, black, white , qgodity, Venus.' Appertaining to Mercury
    and golden maiden -hair, and spleenwort. and Venus. Union of the two sexes in the
    HERB OF GRACE , Gratiola officinalis — h . Mas- same individual.
    tich, common , Thymus mastichina - h . Mas. HERMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon . Her
    tich , Syrian, Teucrium marum - h . Robert, maphrodi'tus , Gyni'da, Androgynus. One, who
    Geranium Robertianum - h. of Saint Cune- possesses the attributes of male and female : 4
    gonde , Eupatorium Cannabinum - h. Sophia . who unites in himself the two sexes. A term ,
    5
    Sisymbrium sophia - h . Trinity , Anemone He - applied to an animal or plant which is, at the
    patica. same time , both male and female . True her.
    HERBA ALEXANDRINA, Smyrnium olusatrum maphrodites are inet with only in the lower
    -h . Benedicta , Geum Urbanum - h . Britannica, degrees of the animal scale , arnongst the zoo. be

    Rumex hydrolapathum-h . Canni , Artemisia phytes, mollusce, or gasteropodes. The indi


    santonica — h . Cardiaca, Leonurus cardiaca - h.viduals of the human species, regarded as her
    Cardui veneris , Dipsacus fullonum - h. Dorea , inaphrodites, owe this appearance to a vicious
    Solidago virgaurea-h. Felis , Nepeta--h . Ge . conforination of the genital organs ; a kind of
    pipi , Achillea atrata — h . Ignis,Lichen pyxida- monstrosity, which renders them unfit for ge
    tus-h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria - h . Militaris , neration , althongh an attentive examination
    Achillea millefolium - h . Papillaris, Lapsana- may exhibit the true sex. Hermaphrodites
    h . Palæ lapinæ , Leonurus cardiaca - h . Pulica. have, likewise , been described, who, instead of fu
    ris , Plantago psyllium - h. Quercini, Lichen uniting the attributes of both sexes , cannot be 1
    plicatus - h . Sacra , Verbena oflicinalis - h . Sa- considered male or female. These have been
    hivaris , Antheinis pyrethrum - h . Sideritidis, called neutral hermaphrodites . H
    Galeopsis grandiflora-h . Tabaci, Nicotiana HERMETICA DOCTRINA, ( F. ) Her.
    tabacum - h . Trinitatis , Anemone hepatica-h métique. The doctrine of Hermes, a celebrated DE
    Trinitatis, Viola tricolor - 5. Ventis , Anemone Egyptian philosopher, who is considered the
    Pulsatilla--h . Zazarhendi, Origanum . father of Alchemy. That part of chymistry,
    HERBÆ PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs of
    -h . pro fotû, Fomentation herbs.
    whose object was the pretended transmutation
    the metals.
    7

    HERBALIST, Herborist. HERMODAC'TYLUS , Dactyle'tus, Anima


    HERBARIUS , Herborist .
    articulo'rum , from Fouris, Mercury ,' and dır •
    HERBE AUX CHANTRES, Erysimum- Ivãos, a finger; or rather from Herinus, a river
    h . aur Charpentiers, Justitia pectoralis--h. aur in Asia , upon whose banks it grows, and dar 1
    Chnts, Nepeta , Teucrium marum -- h. au Cog, Tvàoç, “ a date ; ' or from 'Evans, Mercury,' and
    Tanacetum balsamita -- h, aur Cuillers, Coch- daxr2oc, .a date .' (F ) Hermoductyle, Her.
    learia officinalis -- h. aux Ecrouelles, Scrophu- modocte ou Hermodate, The root of ihe Her
    laria nodosa -- h. aux Ecus, Lysimachia nunmu- modactyl was formerly used as a cathartic. By
    laria --h . à Eternuer, Achillea ptarmica -- h. aut some it is supposed to be identical with the
    Gueur, Clematis vitalba-h . à la Houette, Ascle. Iris tuberosa. The best testimony seems to be
    pias Syriaca—h . aur Mamelles, Lapsana - h, aux in favour of its being a variety of the colchi
    Mouches, Conyza squarrosa - h. an Paurre hom- cumHERMODATE
    .-- the ColchicumHermodactylus.
    Illyricum .
    me , Gratiola officinalis - h. lur Perles, Litho . ,
    spermum officinale - h . à la Poudre de Chypre, HERNIA , Ramer, Rupturu , Crepatu'ra, Ec
    Hibiscus abelmoschus - h. aux Pour, Delphi- top'ia hernio'sa , Cele, zran, Rupture. ( F.)
    nium staphisagria -- h . aux Puces commune. Hargne, Descente , Effort, Greveure, Rompeuré.
    Plantago psyllium -- h. à Robert, Geranium Ro- Any tunour, formed by the displacement of a
    bertianum --h . de Sainte Burbe, Erysimum bar- viscus or a portion of a viscus, which has
    barea -- h. de Saint Etienne, Circæa lutetiana- escaped from its natural cavity by some aper
    h.de Saint Jean, Artemisia vulgaris -- hi de Suint ture and projects externally . Herniæ have been
    Roch, Inula dysenterica -- h. aur Sorciers, Circæa divided into , -
    Lutetiana --h.aux Verrues , Heliotropium Euro- 1. Hernia of the Brain . - Encephalocele.
    ppum. 2. Thorax . - Pneumocele .
    (6
    HERBIVOROUS, Herbit'orus, from herba, 3. Abdomen.
    HERNIA 353 HERNIARIA GLABRA

    ABDOM'INAL HERNIÆ are remarkable for their 3. As regards strangulated hernia ;-to have
    frequency, variety, and the danger attending recourse to the taxis ; blood -letting; warm bath ;
    them. They are produced by the protrusion of tobacco glysters ; ice to the tumour ; and , if
    the viscera, contained in the abdomen,through these should not succeed, to perform an opera
    the natural or accidental apertures in the parie- tion, which consists in dividing the coverings
    tes of that cavity . The orgins, which form of the hernia , and cutting the aponeurotic ring,
    them most frequently, are the intestines and which causes the strangulation ;-reducing the
    the epiploon . displaced viscera , unless their diseased condi
    These herniæ have been divided , according tion should require them to be retained without;
    to the aperture by which they escape, into : -dressing the wound appropriately, restoring
    1. In'guinal Herniæ or Supra -Pubian. These the course of the fæces by means of gentle glys
    issue by the inguinal canal; they are called ters ;-preventing or combating infiammation of
    Bu'bonoce'le, when small; and Scrotal Hernia the abdominal viscera ;-conducting the wound
    or Oscheoce'le in man, when they descend into to cicatrization , by appropriate means; and
    the scrotum ;-Vulrar Hernia or Puden'dal or afterwards supporting the cicatrix by a bandage.
    Labial Hernia , Episioce'le ,in women , when they HERNIA ANEURISMAL, Cirsomphalus-h. Arte
    extend to the labia majora. riarum , see Aneurism - h . of the Bladder,
    2. Crural or FemoralHerniæ , Me'roce'lē, when Cystocele - h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele - h .
    they issue by the crural canal. Carnosa, Sarcocele--h . of the Cerebellum , Pa
    3. Infra -Putian Hernie, ( F. ) Hernies sous- rencephalocele-h. Cerebri, Encephalocele - h .
    pubiennes, where the viscera escape through Corneæ , Ceratocele - h . Crural, Merocele — h.
    the opening, which gives passage to the infra- Epiploic, Epiplocele—h. Femoral , Merocele - h ..
    pubian vessels. Gutturis, Bronchocele — h . Inguinalis, Bubono .
    4. Ischiat'ic Herniæ ; when they take place cele — h . Intestinalis , Enterocele — h. Ischiatica,
    through the sacro-sciatic notch . Ischiocele - h . of the Liver, Hepatocele - h.
    5. Umbilical Hernia , Erom 'phalos, Ompha Omental, Epiplocele - h . Parorchido-enterica,
    loce'le ; which occurs at the umbilicus or near it. Parorchido -enterocele - h . Pharyngis, Pharyn
    6. Epigas'tric Hernia ;-occurring through gocele—h. P’hrenic, Diaphragmatic hernia - h.
    the linea alba, above the umbilicus. of the Pleura , Pleurocele--h . Pudendai, Puder
    7. Hypogas'tric or Infra -umbilical Hernia, dal hernia - h . Sacci lacrymalis, Lachrymal
    Cæliocé'le, Hypogastroce'le, which occurs hernia - h . Scrotalis , Scrotocele -h. Seminalis
    through the linea alba , below the umbilicus. scroti , Spermatocele - h. of the stomach , Gas
    8. Perina'al Hernia ; Mesoscelocele, --which troce!e - h. Supra- pubian , H. inguinal- h . of
    takes place through the levator ani , and appears the Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis, Epi
    at the perineum . plomphalon, Exomphalos - h . Varicose, Cirso
    9. Vag''inal Hernia ;-through the parietes cele -- h. Varicosa , Varicocele — h . Venarum ,
    of the vagina . Varix - h . Veneris, Hernia humoralis - h . Ven.
    10. Diaphragmatic Hernia ; which passes tosa , Physocele—h . Ventriculi , Gastrocele—h .
    through the diaphragm . Zirbalis, Epiplocele.
    Herniæ are likewise distinguished , -- accord- HERNIA HUMOR A'lis , Empres'ma Orchi'tis,
    ing to the viscera forming them , -into Enter- Orchi'tis, Inflammatio testium , Inflamma'tion of
    oce'le, Epiploce'le, En'tero-epiploce'le, Gas- the Testicle, Swelled Testicle, Hernia ren'eris,
    troce'le, Cystoce'le, Hepatocele, Splenoce'le, Orchioce'le, Orchidocelē, Orchidon'cus. Swelling
    & c. and inflammation of the testicle is a common
    The Congen'ital Herria, Hernia congen'ita, symptom of gonorrhæa; but it may arise from
    is a protrusion of some of the contents of the external injuries, or from other causes. It is a
    abdomen into the Tunica vaginalis lestis ,owing disease , which cannot be mistaken , and the
    to a want of adhesion between its sides, after treatment must obviously be strongly antiphlo
    the descent of the testicle. gistic, supporting the testicle during the treat
    When a hernia can be restored to its naturalment, and for sometime afterwards ; methodical
    cavity, by the aid of pressure, & c .,properly ap. compression has also been found useful. The
    plied, it is said to be reducible . It is, on the disease is not generally of a serious character,
    contrary , irreducible, when adhesion, bulk , & c going off as suddenly as it comes on . As it
    oppose its return . When the aperture, which affects the epididymis more especially, when
    has given passage to the bernia, occasions more supervening on gonorrhea or blennorrhea, it is
    or less constriction on the protruded portion , sometimes termed blennorrhagic epididymitis.
    the hernia is said to be incurcerated or strangu- HERNIATRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra.
    lated : and , if the constriction be not removed , HER'NIAL, Hernia'rius. ( F. ) Herniaire.
    constipation , hiceough , vomiting, and all the Belonging to, or concerning, hernias :—as Her
    signs of violent inflammation, followed by gan. nial Bundage, Hernial Sac, & c .
    grene , supervene, with alteration of thefeatures, The (F. ) Hernié is applied to a part enve
    sinall puise, cold extremities, and death. loped in a hernial sac ; Hernieur means one
    The therapeutical indications are , affected with hernia ; and Chirurgien herniaire,
    1. As regards reducible hernia ; —to replace one who devotes himself to the treatment of
    the viscera in the abdomen by the taxis ; and hernia.
    to retain them there by the use of a truss, HERNIARIA GLABRA , Milligra'na, Em'
    which, if properly adapted, may effect a radical petrum :- Rupture Wort. (F.) Herniaire, Tar
    cure . quette, Herniole . This plant, which , as its name
    2. As regards irreducible hernia ;-to sup . imports, was formerly considered efficacious
    port the tumour by an appropriate suspensory in the cure of hernia, seems destitute of all
    bandage . virtucs .
    45
    HERNIE CHIRNUE 334 HIBISCUS

    HERNIE CHARNUE , Sarcocele-h . de HERPES DEPASCENS , H. eredens- h . Esthio 6

    1 Epiploon , Epiplocele-h. de l'Estomac,Gastro- menus, H. exedens - h' Estiomenus, H. exedens 1


    cele - h. Inguinule, Bubonocele h . du Nonnbril. –h . Ferus, H. exedens-h . Miliaris , H. phlyc.
    Exomphalos - h. Ombilicale, Exomphalos - h . de tanoides - h. Periscelis , H. zoster - h . Serpigo,
    la Vessie, Cystocele. H. circinatus. 起
    HERNIE, Hernial. HERPETIC , Herpet'icus, (F. ) Dartreux. G
    HERNIEUX, Hernial. Possessing the nature of herpes.
    HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra . HERPE'TON , Herpet'icon , from Englew , ' to
    HERNIOTOMY, Hernioto'miu, from hernia creep .' A creeping eruption or ulcer. - Hippocr.
    and Teurov, ' I cut.' The operation for hernia . HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum .
    HERPES, Erpes,from 2010), I creep; because HESPERIS ALLIARIA , Alliaria.
    it creeps and spreads above the skin . Eophlysis HETEROCLITE. See Homology, and Tis 12 "

    Herpes, Cylis'ma Herpes, Telter , Frei, (F.) sues.


    Durire. A vesicular disease, which , in most of HETEROCRANIA , Hemicrania ,
    its forms, passes through a regular course of in- HETEROCRINTA , from ‘ETEPOŞ, ' other,' and
    crease , maturation , decline, and termination in xpiro , ' I separate,' Modification in the situa
    about 10 or 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis- tion of secretions.--Andral.
    tinct , but irregular clusters , which commonly HETEROGENESIS . See Generation .
    appear in quick succession , and near together, HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES . See Tissues .
    on an inflamed base ; generally attended with HETEROMORPHISM , Heteromorphis'mus,
    heat, pain, and considerable constitutional dis- from '{ tepos , other,' and operan shape .' A
    order. The term , like all others which refer to deviation from the natural shape of parts.
    cutaneous diseases, lias not been accurately de- HETEROPATHIC , Allopathic.
    fined . The ancients had three varieties ; the HETEROPHO'NIA , from ‘ ET # poş , ' other,' HE
    mil'iary, xeyyoras ; vesic'ular, qurtarrodrs, and and ourn . ' voice.' A cracked or broken voicé.
    ero'ding, ko910Meros. Bateinan has the following HETEROREXIA , Malaria .
    varieties. HETERORRHYTH'MOS, ' having another
    1. HERPES PALYcTÆNO'ves, Herpes milia'ris, rhythm .' An epithet given to thepulse ,when
    Ecphlysis Herpes Miliaris, ( F.) Durire phlycte- it is such, in any individual, as is usually felt at
    noide , in which the vesicles are millet- sized ; ; a different age .
    pellucid ; clusters commencing on an uncertain HETEROS , from 'Etepos, the one of two ,'
    part of the body ,and being progressively strewed the other.' Hence :
    over the rest of the surface ; succeeded by fresh HETEROSARCOSES, from “ Tapos, other ,'
    crops. and oups , “ flesh . ' A class of diseases which H
    2. HERPES ZOSTER, Zoster, Zona ignea, Ignis consists in the formation of accidental tissues.
    Per'sicus, Cinzilla, Sacer ignis, Ecphlysis îler- --Gendrin .
    pes zoster. Herpes peris'celis, Erysip'elas zoster , HETEROTAX'IA , ( F.) Heterotarie : from
    Erysip'elas phlyctænoi'des, Zona, (F.) Ceinture , "ETE009, and tağış, order.' A malforniation , fo
    C. dartreuse, Feu Persique,Erysipèlé pustuleur, which consists in the general transposition of
    Shingles: in which the vesicles are pearl-sized; organs.
    the clusters spreading round the body, like a HÈTRE, Fagus sylvatica.
    girdle : at times confluent, and occasionally HEUCHE’RA CORTU'SA, H. America'na,
    preceded by constitutional irritation. Alum Root , Amer'ican Sun'icle. The root is a
    3. HERPES CIRCINA'Tus, Formi'ca ambulato'- powerful astringent, and is the basis of a cancer
    ria , An'nulus repens, Herpes Serpi'go, Serpigo , powder. The American Indians apply the pow .
    Ecphlysis Herpes Circina'tus, Ringworm , con- dered root to wounds, ulcers , and cancers. It
    sisting of vesicles with a reddish base, uniting is said to have been sold for the colchicum .
    in rings: the area of the rings slightly disco- HEX'IS , šis , habit, ( 9. v . , ) habit of body ,
    loured ; often followed by fresh crops. (q . v . , ) constitution . Hence -- hectic, cachectic,
    4. HERPES LABIA'lis . - 5 . HERPES PRÆPU- ' & c.
    Ti'lis , -appearing, respectively , on the lips HIA’TUS, from hia're , ' to gape , ' ' to open."
    and prepuce : -- and A foramen or aperture . Also, yawning . ( 9. v.)
    6. HERPES Iris , Iris, Rainbow -ucorm ,-oc- Hutus Fallopil, See Aquæductus Fallopii
    curring in smallcircular patches, each of which h. Occipito-pétreur, Lacerum posterius foramen
    is composed of concentric rings of different h. Sphéno-pétreur, Lacerum anterius forainen.
    colour . THE Hiatus or FORA'MEN OF WINSLow , is
    To these may be added the an opening - situale behind the lesser omen M
    HERPES EXEDENS, Ecphlysis Herpes credens, tum , and behind the vessels and nerves of the
    Herpes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, Agria , H. liver — which forms a communication between
    cstiom'enus , Lupus rurax, Formi'cu corrosi'ra, the peritoneal cavity and that of the omenta .
    Pop'ula fera , Ulceratire Ringworm , Nirles, HIBER’NICUS LAPIS , Teg'ula Hiber'nica, नी

    H. ferus, ( F. ) Dartre rongcante, in which the Ardesia Hiber'nica, Harde'sia , Irish Slate. A
    vesicles are 'bard ; clusters thronged; fluid kind of slate or very hard stone, found in dif
    dense , yellow or reddish , hot, acrid, corroding ferent parts of Ireland, in masses of a bluish
    the subjacentskin, and spreading in serpentine black colour, which stain the hands. It has 02

    trails . been taken , powdered, in spruce beer, against


    All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- inward contusions.
    gistic treatment, when attended with febrile HIBISCUS , Althæa .
    irritation . The herpes circinatus, alone, re- Hibis'cus ABELMOS'chus. The name of the
    quires the use of astringent applications, which plant whose seeds are called Grana Moschi or
    have the power of repressing the eruption , Muskseed. It is the Belmus'chus, Abclmos'chus,
    ਜੈ॥
    HICCOUGII 335 HIRUDO

    Granum Moschi, Ketmin Ægyptiaca, Moschus mare's milk. Ca'seus Equi'nus,-from 'UTAOS ,
    Arabum , Ægyptia inoscha'ta , Bamix moscha'ta, “ a horse .'
    Alcen , Alcea Indica, Alcea Ægyptiaca Villo'sa , HIPPANTHRO'PIA , from'untos, ' a horse ,'
    Abelmosch , Abelmusk , Musk-millow , ( F. ) Graine and ar90070 $, a man .'. A variety of melan.
    de Musc, Herbe à la poudre de Chypre,Ambrette, choly, in which the patient believes himself
    Guimaure reloutée. It is indigenous in Egypt changed to a horse. The Greek word 'un nav
    and the Indies. The seeds are chiefly used as 9001703 means the fabulous Centaur.
    perfumes; and especially in the formation of HIPPASIA , Equitation .
    the Cyprus Powder. HIPPEIA , Equitation.
    Hibiscus POPCLEUS, Balimba'go. A small HIPPEUSIS, Equitation.
    Molucca tree . The fruit is full of a juice simi- HIPPIATRI’A , from “UTTOS , ' a horse , ' and
    lar to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used tatouar ., - medicine ,? ( F.) Flippiatrique . A sci
    in chronic diarrhæa, colic , dyspepsia , &c . ence , whose object is the knowledge of the dis
    HICCOUGH , Singultus. eases of the horse , and of other doinestic ani
    HICCUP, Singultus. mals .
    HIDROA , Desudatio, Échauboulures, Hy- HIPPOCAM'PUS MINOR , Unguis, Un'ci
    droa, Sudamina form Eminence, Colliculus careæ posterioris
    HÍDRONOSOS, Sudor anglicus. rentriculo'rum latera'lium , (F.) Ergot, Éperon .
    HI'DROS, dous, Sudor, °(9. v . ) , sweat. ' the
    A medullary tubercle or projection, observed in
    Hence- Hidropyra , Hidrosis, &c. posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle of
    HIDROTERION , Achicolum . the brain .
    HIDROTICUM , Sudorific . HIPPOCRAT'IC, Hippocrat'icus. Relating
    HIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus. to Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine,-as
    HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from Hippocratic doctrine, Hippocratic fuce , & c .
    1800$ , ' holy .' Hiera of Colocynth . An elec- HIPPOCRATIST . A partisan of the Hip
    tuary, composed of 10 parts of colocynth, as pocratic Doctrine.
    much agaric, germander,white horehound, stæ- HIPPOPATHOLOGY, Hippopatholo'gia,
    chas :-5 partsof opoponar,as much sugupenum , from 'innoş, ' a horse,' nagos, “ a disease,' and
    parsley, round birthwort root, and white pepper : àoyos, ' a discourse.' A knowledge of the dis
    --4 parts of spikenard , cinnamon, myrrh,and eases of the horse. Pathology of ihe horse.
    saffron ; and 3 pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms HIPPOSTEOL'OGY, Hipposteologia, from
    of honey . Kuros, a horse ,' OOTEOV, 6 a bone,' and ioyos, ' a
    Hiera LOGADII , Hiera picra . discourse.' Osteology of the horse .
    Hiera Picka , from 1800$, - holy,' and vixnos , HIPPOTOMY, Hippotomia, from ' nos , 6 a
    bitter. Holy vitter , Pulris aloëi'icus, formerly horse ,' and Televeur , ' to cut . ' Anatomy of the
    called Hiera loga' dii , when made into an elec horse .
    tuary with honey . It is now kept in the form HUIPPURIS VULGA'RIS . The systematic
    of dry powder ;-- prepared by mixing socotrine name ofthe Ilorse's Tailor Mare's Tail, Equise'
    aloes one pound, with 3 ounces of canellu alba . tum minus, Equisetum , ( F.) Prêle, Presle, As
    See Pulvis aloes cum Canellâ . prêle. It is an astringent, and frequently used ,
    HERA Sykins , Vertebral column ,Epilepsy. by the vulgar, as tea , in diarrhæa and hemor
    HIERACI’TES,*18QAHITYS,Lapis accipitrum . rhage. The same virtues are attributed to the
    capablename
    to beancient
    The of a precious
    of arresting
    stone; believed Equisetum arren'se,fluviatile, limo'sum, & c.
    the hemorihoidal fux. IIPPUS, from 'uz 109 , ' a horse ; a disease of
    - Pliny, Galen , Paulus. the eyes, in which,
    HIERA'CIUM MURO'RUM , Pulmonaria twinkle , like those from birth , they perpetually
    of a man on horseback .
    Gallien, Auricula mu’ris major, (F.) Epervière Also a tremulous condition of the Iris, which
    des murailles, Pulmonaire des Francais. A occasions repeated alternations of contraction
    European plant; which is a slight tonic . and dilatation of the pupil.
    HIERA'Cium The systematic
    Pilosel'LA . HIPPIATRIQUE , Hippiatria.
    name of the Auricula Muris, or Mouse- ear, HIPPOCAMPE GRANDE, Cornu ammonis .
    Pilosella , Myoso'tis, ( F.) Piloselle, Oreille de HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR , Cornu ammonis,
    Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent HIPPOCRAS , Claret.
    juice ; which has a slight.degree of astringency . HIPPOCRATES , CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo
    The roots are more powerful than the leaves. crate- h . Sleeve, Chausse.
    HIERAX , Accipiter. HIPPOLAPATHUM , Rumex patientia .
    HAIEROBOTANE , Verbena officinalis . HIPPOMARATHRUM , Peucedanum silaus.
    HIEROGLYPH'ICA , from 1800s, holy ,' HIPPOS , Equus.
    and yiuera , ' I carve.' A name given to the HIPPOSELINUM , Smyrnium olusatrum .
    signs employed in medicine ; and also to the HIPS, Sar, heopa . The fruit of the dog.
    folds in the hands, feet, and forehead, which rose, Rosa Cani'na. (q. v .) They are chiefly
    afford Chiromancy its pretended oracles . used as a confection . See Confectio Rose
    HIEROPYRUS , Erysipelas . Canine.
    HIMAS, ' quas, a ihong of leather,' The HIRCUS, Tragus.
    uvula ; likewise , elongation and extenuation of HIRQUUS, Canthus (greater . )
    the uvula . It is also called Himanto'sis, Hi. HIRSU'TIES, Hair'iness, Tricho'sis Hirsu ' .
    manto'ma. ties. Growth of hairs in extraneous parts, or
    HIMANTOSIS , Himas . superfluous growth in parts; as in cases of
    HIP , Haunch - h . Bone , Ischium - h . Joint , bearded women . - Good.
    Coxofemoral articulation-h . Tree, Rosa canina. HIRU'DO , The Leech , Sanguisu'ga, Benda,
    HIP'PACE ,ʻininaxn . A cheese prepared from Bdella. In medicine, the Hiru'do Medicina'lis,
    HIRUNDINARIA 356 HOOK

    Bdella Medicina'lis or Medicinal Leech is em - is, also , the only animal whose incisor teeth , te

    ployed. (F.) Sangsue. It lives in fresh water, wedged in a projecting jaw , are absolutely ver
    and feeds on the blood of animals, which it tical. Man is especially distinguished from
    sucks , after having pierced the skin with its other mammalia by the faculty, which he pos T
    three sharp teeth . This habit has been taken sesses of classing bis ideas ; comparing them T
    advantage of, to produce local blood -letting with each other ; and connecting, representing
    In applying the leech, tbe part must be wiped and transmitting them by signs and articulate
    dry ; and if there be difficulty in making the sounds. He possesses, in the highest degree, E
    leech bite, a little milk or creain may be applied. all the attributes of intelligence , memory, judg F
    When satiated , it will drop off,and by applying ment, and imagination. He inhabits all coun
    a little sait to its head it will disgorge the blood. tries ,—the burning regions of the torrid zone,
    A good English leech will take abouthalf an and ihe chilling atmosphere of the polar climes.
    ounce of blood, including that which flows by In different situations , he presents , in his figure,
    fomenting the part subsequently. The Ameri- colour, and stature, soine differences, which have
    can takes less. caused the human race to be divided by natu
    HIRUNDINARIA , Lysimachia num - ralists into different races or varieties. The
    mularia. number of such races can only be approximated. A
    HIRUN'DO , ZE2100»r, Chelidon , from he- Cuvier admits but three , the Caucasian , Negro,
    ren'du, sticking ;' because it sticks its nests Mongoliun; to these may be added the American .
    against the houses. ( ?) The Swallow. The nests Every division must necessarily be arbitrary ,
    of the swallow were once employed as rubefa- and the individuals composing each variety are
    cients boiled
    , in vinegar
    . far from being alike.
    HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. HOMEOPATHY, Homeopathy, from ouolos,
    HISPIDITAS, Dyst@chiasis, Phalangosis. like,' and nra90s, ' affection . À fanciful doc H
    HISPIDULA , Antennaria dioicum . Eur
    trine , which maintains, that disordered actions
    HISTOS, ' lotos, " the organic texture. ' in the human body are to be cured by inducing
    Hence : disordered actions of the same kind , but
    HISTOGENIA , Histog'eny,from “ ιστος, " the other
    only much slighter in degree . we
    organic texture,' and yereois , generation . The HOMOETHNIA , Sympathy.
    formation of the organic textures. HOMOGEN'ESIS , see Generation .
    HISTOLOGY . See Anatomy. H
    HOMOIOPATHIA , Sympathy.
    HISTORY , MEDICAL, Histo'ria Medici'ne. HOMOLO'SIS, Homio'sis , from Omrow , ' I re
    A narration of the chief circumstances,and the semble ," I assimilate . ' An elaboration of the
    persons connected with them , in the progress nutritious juice, by which it becomes proper for
    of medicine . assimilation . (q . v .)
    HIVES, Cynanche trachealis , See Vari HOMOLINON . See Apolinosis. the
    cella .
    HOG- LICE , Onisci aselli. HOMOL'OGY, from ouros, like,' and
    Anyos , é a description . ' The doctrine of similar
    HOLCĒ, ożnn, a dram .-Galen . parts . Thus, the two sides of the body are said
    TEA
    HOARSENESS , Raucedo . to be “ homologous.' Homologous tissues, are
    HOL'CIMOS , Oxiros, from xn, ' a those that resemble others ; in opposition to the
    weight. ' A lumour of the liver. heterologous or heteroclite, which are new forma
    HOLCUS SORGHUM , Panicum Italicum . tions.
    HOLERA , Cholera . HOMONOPAGIA , Cephalalgia. H
    HIOLLANDS , Gin . HOMOPH'AGUS, from ouos, raw ,' and HE
    ata
    HOLLY , COMMON , Ilex aquifolium-h . gayo ,' I eat.' One who eats raw flesh.
    um- HOMOPLATA , Scapula .
    Dahoon , Ilex vomitoria --h . Ground , Pyrola
    bellata - h . Sea , Eryngium maritimum . HOMO T'ONOS, qua'lis , from 'omos,
    HOLLYHOCK , COMMON , Alcea rosea . 6equal,' and Toros, ' tone . ' That which has the R
    HOLMICOS , Alveolus. same tone . Continued fevers, whose symptoms H
    HOLMOS , Mortar. have an equal intensity during the whole course H
    HOLOCYRON , Teucrium chamæpitys. of the disease , have been so called . See Acmas H
    HOLOPALYCTIDES , Phlyctæna. ticos and Synocha.
    HOLOSTEUM ALSINE , Alsine media . HONESTY , Lunaria rediviva .
    HOLOSTEUS , Osteocolla . HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum.
    HOLOTON'ICUS, ‘oł0$ , the whole,' and HONEY , Mel -h . Balsam of, Hill's , see Mel
    TELVW , ' I stretch . A spasm of the whole body . -h . of Borax, Mel boracis-h. Clarified, Mel
    A variety of tetanus, ( q . v . ) - Sauvages. despumatum - h . of Roses, Mel rosæ .
    HOLYWELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. HONEYCOMB - BAG , Reticulum .
    H. is a town in Wales; and takes its name from HONGLANE, Coptis teeta .
    the famous well of St. Winifred . It is a simple HONTEUX, Pudic .
    cold water, remarkable for its purity . HOOK , Sax . hoce , hooc , Dutch hoeck ,
    HOMAGRA , Omagra . Uncus, Unci'nus, Ancyra, ayxuoa, ( F. ) Érigne,
    HOMEOPATHY, Homeopathy . Airigne, ou Erine. An instrument, consist
    HOMIOSIS , Homoiosis . ing of a steel wire , flattened at the middle , ឆ្នាំ !។
    HOMME, Homo. and having the extremities crooked and point. H
    HOMO, ( F.) Homme, Man , the chief and ed . Some hooks are furnished with a han H
    most perfect of the mammalia ; in Greek, dle at one extremity — the other having one or
    avFowros, from ava , ' upwards,' and T ETW, · 1 two hooks;-constituting the single and double H
    turn , ' because man , alone, of all animals, pos- hook. H
    sesses the natural power of standing erect. He ! The Hook is used by anatomists and surgeons,
    H
    HOOPING -COUGH 357 HUILE D'AMANDES

    to lay hold of, and raise up, certain parts; the HORTUS, Penis, Vulva .
    dissection of which is delicate , or which would HOS'PITAL , Nosocomi'um , Infirmary, In
    slip from the fingers. firma'rium , Infirmato'rium , Nosodochi'um . ( F. )
    The Tenaculum is a variety of the Hook . Hôpital. An establishment for the reception of
    The Blunt Hook is an instrument which is the sick , in which they are maintained and
    passed over the flexures of the joints to assist in treated medically, until their health is restored,
    bringing down the fætus, or they are declared incurable . Hospitals were
    HOOPING -COUGH , Pertussis . first instituted about the end of the 4th century ;
    HÔPITAL , Hospital. a period at which the word vooozOM Ecov Was em
    HOP - PLANT , Humulus lupulus. ployed , for the first time, by St. Jerome.
    HOPLOCHRYS'MA , from 'othov, ' a wea Hos'pital GANGRENE, Phagede'na gangræ
    pon , ' and ZINC , ' salve . ' Unguentum ar. no'sa ; Putrid or . Mulignant Ulcer, Gangrana
    marium , Arm'atory Unguent. A salve which Nosocomio'rum , Hospital Sure, Gungra'na con
    was instrument
    the supposed towith
    curewhich
    woundsthebywound
    sympathy : . tagio'sa,
    was in
    Putre'do, ( F.) Pourriture ou Gangrène
    d'hôpital. Gangrene, occurring in wounds or
    flicted being anointed with it . ulcers, in hospitals , the air of which has been
    HOPLOMOCH'LION, ‘orionoyacov. The vitiated by the accumulation of patients , or
    name of an iron machine or apparatus, which some other circumstance . Hospital gangrene
    embraced the whole body like armour; and -many different varieties of which are met
    the figure of which is given by Fabricius ab with, and always preceded or accompanied by
    Acquapendente . fever - commonly commences with suppression
    HOQUET, Singultus. of the suppuration of the wound , which be
    HORDEOLUM , diminutive of Hordeum , comes covered with a grayish and tenacious
    sanies. The gangrene then manifests itself .
    Barley Crithid'ion,
    Styan, ; Sclerophthalmia,
    Crythé. Crithe, a Stye'Or.
    ( F. ) Orgelet, , a It extends from the centre of the ulcerated sur
    geolet. A small, inflammatory tumour, of the face towards the edges; these become swollen,
    nature of a boil , which exhibits itself near the painful, and everted; and the patient dies with
    free edge of the eyelids, particularly near the all the signs of typhus. The treatment must
    inner angle of the eye. be varied, according to circumstances. Some .
    HORDEUM , Crithe. The seeds of the Hor. times, it requires the use of stimulating, acid,
    deum vulga're or Scotch Barley are ranked caustic , and antiseptic applications; with, oc
    amongst the Cerealia . ( F.) Orge. They afford casionally , the actual cautery, aided by the ex
    a mucilaginous decoction , which is employed hibition of tonics, internally :-at others, the
    as a diluent and antiphlogistic. The seeds of antiphlogistic regimen and emollient applica
    tions may be necessary .
    the Hordeum dis'tichon and H. heras'tichon
    possess similar properties. Barley is freed from HOSTIARIUS , Pylorus.
    its shells in mills; and, at times, is rubbed into HOUBLON , Humulus lupulus.
    HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum .
    small, round grains , somewhat like pearls, HOUPPE NERVEUSE , see Papilla - h . du
    when it is called Hordeum perla'tum or Pearl
    Barley, (F. ) Orge perlé , and forms the Hordei Menton, Depressor labii inferioris, Levator labii
    sem'ina tu 'nicis nuda'ta , of the pharmaco . inferioris .
    paias . HOUSELEEK , Sempervivum tectorum .
    HORDEUM CaustiCUM, Veratrum sabadilla . HOUSE -SURGEON, Resident Surgeon .
    HOREHOUND, Marrubiu - h. Black , Bal. Usually a senior pupil or graduate , who atiends
    lota fætida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium in an hospital, to everyaccident and disease, in
    teucrifolium - h. Stinking, Ballota fætida - h . the absence of theregular physician or surgeon .
    Wild , Eupatorium teucrifolium . It answers , in the British hospitals, to the Elève
    HORMINUM , Salvia horminum . interne of the French .
    HORN , Cornu , HOUX, Ilex aquifolium - h . petit , Ruscus
    HORNSEED, Ergot. h . Apalachine, Sex vomitoria .
    HORNY EXCRESCENCES , Lepido'sis HUDSON'S PRESERVATIVE FOR THE
    Ichthyiasis cornig'era, Cornua cuta'nea . (F.) rhæ
    TEETH
    .
    AND GUMS. See Tinctura Myr
    Cornes de la peau. Certain excrescences, which HUILE , Oil - h . d'Absinthe, Artemisia absin
    occasionally form in some part of the skin, and thium
    resemble, in shape, the horns of animals. ( oil of,) -h . d'Acajou , see Anacardium
    HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Goose - skin , Cutis an . occidentale .
    seri'na. A state of the skin accompanying the HUILE ACOUSTIQUE , (F.) Oleum acus'
    rigor of an intermittent. ticum , Acoustic oil. An oil for deafness, pre
    HORRIPILATION, Horripila'tio, Horror, pared of olire oil, zij; garlic, or- gall and buy
    goran, Phrice, Phricas'mus, from horre're, to leares, each Zj; boiled for a quarter of an hour,
    and strained
    bristle up,' and pilus, 'hair.'. (F.) Horripila
    tion , Frissonnement. General chilliness, pre- HUILE D'AMANDES, Oleum amygdalarum
    ceding fever, and accompanied with bristling -h. d' Aneth ,see Anethum graveolens -- h . Ani
    of the hairs over the body . male, Oleum animale -- h. Animale de Dippel,
    HORROR , Horripilation. Oleum animale Dippelii - h. Animalisée par in
    HORSE -CHESTNUT, Æsculus hippocasta- fusion, Oleum animalizatum per infusionem,
    num . h. Anis, see Pimpinella anisum-h. Aromatique,
    HORSE CRUST, Crusta genu equinæ . Oleum animalizatum per infusionem - h. d'Au
    Horse Radish , Cochlearia armoracia. rone , Arteinisia abrotanum (oil of ) -h. de Cacao ,
    HORSE'S TAIL , Hippuris vulgaris. Butter of cacao-h . de Carri, Carum (oil )-h .
    HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva. de Cédrat , Oleum cedrinum-h . de petits chiens,
    IIUILE DE GABI.1. V 358 HUNGER

    Oleum animalizatum per infusionem - h. de HUMORISM , Hu'moral Pathology. A


    Corne de Cerf, Oleum animale Dippelii . medical theory, founded exclusively on the
    HUILE DE GABIAN , Petrolæuin - h . de part, which the humours were considered to
    Gérofle, see Eugenia caryophyllata - h. de Lau- play in the production of disease. Although
    rier, Unguentum laurinum - h. de Lis , see Lilin iraces of this system may be found in the most
    um candidum - h. de Morelle, see Solanum - h. remote antiquity, the creation, or at all events ,
    de Morue, Oleum jecinoris aselli-h . d'Eillette , the arrangeinent of it , may be attributed to Ga
    Papaver (oil) - h .de Ricin , see Ricinus com- len, who enveloped it in metaphysical subtle
    munis — h. dé Succin, see Succinum - h. Verte, ties, relating to the union between the elements
    Balsam , green , of Metz - h . Douce de vin , Ole- and the four cardinal humours.
    um æthereum . HU'MORIST. The Galenical physicians,
    HCILES ANIMALES, Olea animalia-h. who attributed all diseases to a depraved state
    Empyreumatiques, Olea empyreumatica — h. Es- of the humours, or to vicious juices collected in
    sentielles, Olea volatilia -- h. Fires ou grasses, the body.
    Olea fixa - h . Fugaces , Olea fugacia - l. Médi- HUMOUR. Every fluid substance of an or
    cinales, Olea medicinalia - h . Volatiles, Olea ganized body ; -as the blood ,chyle ,lymph , &c.
    volatilia . The Humours, zvuoi, Chymi, Humores ,
    HUIT DE CHIFFRE . Figure of 8. A differ considerably, as to number and quality ,
    bandage in which the turns are crossed in the in the different species of organized beings; and 1

    form of the figure 8 . Such is the bandage even in the same species, according to the state 1

    used after bleeding from the arm . of health or disease .


    HU VECTANTIA . A name formerly given The ancients reduced them to four ; which
    to drinks, which appeared to possess the pro- they called cardinal humours ;-ihe blood ,
    perty of augmenting the fluidity of the blood. phlegm , yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile.
    HUMERAL, Humeralis. That which be. Themodern classification of the humours is
    longs to, or is connected with, the arm or hu- given under Fluid.
    merus . HUMOUR , ALBUGINEOUS, Aqueous humour
    HU'MERAL Ar’TERY, Arte'riu humera'lis. See -h. Articularis, Synovia — h. Ceruminous, Ce
    Brachial Artery . rumen - h . Doridis, Water, sea - h . Genitalis 1

    HCMÉRO -CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior- seu seminalis, Sperin - h. Glacialis, Crystal


    h . Sus-métacarpien, see Radialis - h . Sus-radiul, line, Corpus vitreum - h. Hyaloides, Corpus 1
    Supinator radii longus. vitreum - h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour - h . Ovi .

    HU'MERUS, Scu 'pula , wuos, Omos, Armus formis, Aqueous huinour - h . Purulentus, Pus
    (F.) Épaule. The most elevated part of the arm . -h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum . 1

    The bones, which concur in forming it, are ; HUMP. Perlaps from umbo , ' the boss of a
    -the scapula , head of the humerus and the buckler.' Hunch, Gibbus, Gibba , Tuber, ( F. )
    clavicle, united together by strong ligaments, Bosse. A prominence, formed by a deviation
    and covered by numerous muscles. of the bones of the trunk . Coinmonly, it is
    The Os Hu'ment, Humerus, or Os bra'chii, formed by the spine or sternum , and is seated
    Os adjutu'rium , Os brachia'le, Brachium , is the at the posterior or anterior part of the trunk.
    cylindrical , irregular bone of the arm ; the up. It may , also, be produced by deviation of the
    per extremity of which has a hemispherical ribs or pelvis. The spine may be curved in
    head connected with the scapula ; and two tu . three principal directions. 1. Backwards, and
    berositics or tubercles, a greater and lesser , for this is the most common case ; this the ancients
    the attachment of muscles, between which is called upois, Cypho'sis, gibbos'itus. 2. For
    the Bicipital groove or Fossa. At the inferior wards, iodwois, Lordo'sis, recurra'tio ; and , 3.
    extremity may be remarked — the inner condyle, Lateróliy,oxoniwors, Scolio'sis, obstipa'tio .
    the outer condyle ; the small head , which is ar. Most curratures occur at a very early age ,
    ticulated with the radius ; the trochlea articu- and are caused by scrofula, rickets, &c .; and,
    lated with the ulna , dc . not unfrequently, they are accompanied by
    The humerus is developed by seven points caries of the vertebræ . See Vertebral Disease.
    of ossification ;-one for the body ; one for the HUMULUS LUPULUS, Conrol'rulus pe
    head ; one for the greater tuberosity ; one for ron'nis ; the Hop plant. Nat. Ord. Urticeæ.
    the trochlea ; one for the epitrochlea ; one for ( F. ) Houblon, Vigne du nord. Its cones or stro
    the epicondyle, and another for the lesser head, biles , Hu'muli strobili ( Ph. L. ,) have a fragrant
    HUMERUS SUMMUS, Acromion . odour; and bitler, aromatic taste, depending
    HOMEUR AQUEUSE , Aqueous humour- ou a peculiar principle, named Lu'puline, ex
    h . Hyaloide, Corpus vitreum . tractive and essential oil ; which may be extract
    HUMEURS FROIDES, Scrofula. ed, equally by water and spirit, from the dried
    HUMIDE RIDICALE , Humidum radicale . strobiles.
    HUMIDUM NATIVUM ARTICULORUM , The Hop is employed as a tonic and hypnotic,
    Synovia - h . Primigenium , H. radicale . and enters into the composition of ale and beer.
    HUMIDUM RadiCA'LE, Hu'midum primige- HUNCH , Hump.
    nium ; Rud'ical Moisture, ( F. ) Humideradicale . HUNGER , Fames, Limos, Peine , Esuries,
    This name was formerly given to the liquid , jeju 'nium , jeju'nitas, esuri' tio , esuri'yo. ( F.)
    which , by means of the circulation, was con Faim . The necessity for taking food. Hun
    ceived to give flexibility and proper consistence ger is an internal sensation, which some au
    to the different organic textures. thors have attributed to the friction between
    HUMILIS , Rectus inſerior oculi . the sides of the stomach in its einpty state ;
    HU’MORAL, Humora'lis. Proceeding from , others, to the compression of the nerves , when
    or connected with , the humours. the organ is contracted ; others, to the action
    HYACINTHUS MUSCARI 339 HYDRARGYRI

    of the gastric juice , & c. It is dictated by the


    Hydor , from 'vdwg , genitive , ‘ vdaros , 'wa
    wants of the system : farther we know not. ter. ' Hence :
    See Appetite . HYDRACHNIS , see Varicella .
    HYACINTHUS MUSCARI, Bulbus vomit. HYDRÆMIA , Hydroemia .
    orius . HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydrago'ga, Hydrop'
    HY'ALOID, Hyalodes, Hyalor'des, Vitreus, ica , Hydrot'ica , Aquiduuu , from 'udovo, ' water , '
    from óvulos, .glass,' and 'ridos, : resemblance.' and ayo,,? I expel.' Medicines, believed to be
    Resembling glass. capable of expelling serum effused in any part
    The HY'ALOID MEMBRANE, Tu'nica Hyaloïdea, of the body. These are generally cathartics or
    Membra'na Arachnoidea, T. ritrea , is the ex- diuretics.
    tremely delicate membrane, which forms the HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras.
    exterior covering of the vitreous humour, and HYDRALLANTE , False Waters.
    transmits within it prolongations, which divide HYDRAM'NIOS, from 'uduo, water, and
    it into cells . Fallopius discovered this mem- amnios . An excessive quantity of the liquor
    brane, and gave it the name Hyaloid . On a Amnii.
    level with the entrance of the optic nerve into HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS , from óvdoan
    the eye , the hyaloid inembrane forms, by re- yugos, .quicksilver,' and avatoris, rubbing
    flection , a cylindrical canal, which pierces the in .' The rubbing in of an ointment of quick
    vitreous humour from behind to before , as far silver. Hydrargyrotrip'sis .
    as the posterior part of the crystalline. To this , HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyrus
    its discoverer gave the name—Canal hyalvidien acetatus --h. Borussias, H. cyanuretum -- h.
    or Hyaloid Canal. Bromidum , see Bromine -- h.Calx alba , Hydrar
    HYALOS, Vitrum . gyrum præcipitatum .
    HYBOMA, Gibbositas.
    HYDARTHROSIS , Hydrarthrus. HYDRAR GYRE CYANURE'TUM , H. Borus'
    sias, Hydrargyrum Cyanogena'tum , 11. Hy
    HYDARTHRUS , Ilydrarthrus. drocyanicum , Prussius Tiydrar'gyri, Cynn'uret
    HYDATID, Hyd'utis, Bulla, Aquula, Hydroa, or Prussiate of Mercury. ( F.) Cyanure de
    Tenia hydatig'enu, Echinococcus huma'nus, Mercure. This preparation has been strongly
    from « dwg, ' water. This name was long given recommended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and
    to every encysted tumour, which contained an is adınitted into the Parisian codex. Twelve
    aqueous and transparent fluid. Many patholo- to twenty- four grains may be dissolved in a
    gists, subsequently, applied it to vesicles, softer quart of distilled water, and three or four
    ihan the tissue of membranes, more or less spoonfuls of the solution be taken daily, in a
    transparent, which are developed within or glass of any appropriate liquid .
    gans, but without adhering to their tissue. It HYDRARGYRT DEUTO - IODURETUM , see lodine
    is by no means clear, that these formations are h . Hydrargyri hyperoxodes, Hydrargyri nitrico
    really entozoa. They have been found in va- oxydum --h. Murias basi oxydi imperfecti, H.
    rious parts of the body; sometimes in the ute- oxyinurias --h. Murias corrosivum , H. oxymu
    rus, occasioning signs nearly similar to those of rias --h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, H. submu
    pregnancy, but being sooner or later expelled. rias--h. Murias oxygenatus, H. oxymurius--h .
    The expulsion is generally attended with more Murias spirituosus liquidus, Liquor hydrargyri
    or less hemorrhage. See Acephalocystis. oxymuriatis -- b. Murias suboxygenatus præ
    The word Hyılatis, Aq/uula, Phlycta'nula, cipitatione paratus. Hydrargyrum præcipitatum .
    Verru'ca Palpebra'rum , Milium , was, also , givenHIYDRARGYRI Nutras, Nitras hydrargyri in
    to small, transparent tumours of the eyelids.- crystallos concretus, --Nitrate of Mercury. It is
    Galen , C. Hofinann . employed in syphilis ; and , externally , in fun
    HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI,Nabothi gous,obstinate ulcers.
    It is used in the formation of the Soluble
    glandulæ .
    HYDATIDOCE'LE, Hydutoce'lē,from ‘vdatis. Mercury of Hahnemann.
    · hydatid ,' and xian, ' a iuinour.' A tumour, Wari's White DROPS ,-a once celebrated ,
    formed byhydatids. Oscheocele, containing hy- antiscorbutic nostrum .-- were prepared by dis
    datids. The Oscheoce le hydatido'sa, of Sau solving mercury in nitric acid ; and adding a
    vates solution of carbonate of Ammonia ; or, fre
    HYDATIS'MUS, from ‘vdoro, ' water. ' The quently, they consisted of a solution of subli
    noise, caused by the fluctuation of pus con- mate with carbonate of ammonia .
    tained in an abscess.-- Aurelian ., Foësius. HYDRARGYRI NITRICO-OX'YDUM , Hydrar.
    HYDATOCELE , Hydatidocele . gyrus nitra'tus ruber, Mercu’rius corrosi'rus,
    HYDATOCH'OLOS, from 'udun, water, ' ruber, Mercurius pracipita'tus corrosirus, M.
    and yoan , bile . Aquoso -bilious. An epithet præcipita'tus ruber , Arca'num corallinum , Mer.
    given to evacuated matters,when mixed with curius corallinus, Pulris prin'cipis, Præcipita
    water and bile .-- Hippocr., Foësius. tus ruber, Orydum hydrargyri complé'tum , 0.
    HYDATODES, Aqueous. hydrargyricum , Panace'a mercurii rubra, Pul
    HYDATOID, Hydutoä'des, A'queus, Aquo'sus, vis Joan'nis de Vigo, Oro'des hydrar gyri ru.
    Hydato'des, from ‘ udung , ' water , ' and aidos, ‘ re- brum , Hyperoxo'des hydrargyri, Nitric oride of
    semblance. Resembling water. This name mercury, Red precipitate, Oe'ydum hydrargyri
    has been given to the membrane of the aqueous nitricum , Oridum hydrargyri rubrum per ac"'
    humour ; and, also, to the aqueous humour idum nitricum , ( F. ) Oride nitriquc de mercure.
    itself. It is a stimulant and escharotic, and used as
    HYDATOIDES, Aqueous humour. such in foul ulcers ; being sprinkled on the
    HYDEROS, Anasarca , Hydrops, part, in fine powder, or united with lard into
    HYDOR, Water. an ointment.
    HYDRARGYRI 360 HYDRARGYRUM

    HYDRARGYRI Oxydi Murias AMMONIACALIS ,| -h. Saccharum vermifugum , Hydrargyrum


    Hydrargyrum præcipitatum - h. Oxodes ru- saccharatum .
    brum , Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum - h . Oxydu- HYÐRARGYRI SUBMU'RTAS , Calom'elas , Draco
    lum nigrum , H. Oxydum cinereum-h. Oxy mitiga'tus, Submu'rias hydrargyrimitis, Submu'.
    dum nigrum , H. oxydum cinereum . rius Hydrargyri sublima'tum, Mercurius dulcis,
    HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM INE'REUM , Oxydum M. dulcis sublima'tus ; when precipitated, M.
    hydrargyri nigrum , Æthiops per se, Mercu- dulcis precipita'tus, Panace'a mercuria'lis, (when
    rius niger Moscali , Oxydum hydrargyro'sum , nine times sublimed ,) Murias hydrargyri dulcis
    Oxydum hydrargyi'icum præcipita'tum , Oxyd- sublima'tus, Mercurius sublimatusdulcis, Aq'uila ,
    ulum hydrar'gyri nigrum , Pulvis mercuria'lis Vanna Metallorum , Panchymago'gum minerale,
    of Mercury, (F. )
    cine'reus, Mercurius
    grum , Mercurius præcipita'tus niger, Gray ni-
    cinereus, Turpe'thum or Mercure dour, mild Chloridede mercure. Pro
    P. Quercetanus ,Protochlorure
    Antisyphilitic and sialagogue ; in large
    (F.) Oxide de mercure perties. purgative.
    black oxide of Mercury,noir
    cendré , Oxide gris ou de mercure. This doses, Dose , one or two grains
    oxide is made in various ways . It may be given at night gradually excite ptyalism . Gr.
    formed by boiling submuriate of mercury in v to xx, purge. Children bear larger doses than
    lime water. The dose of this Pulvis hydrur- adults.
    gyri cinereus,is from two to ten grains. There The Black Washi, Lotio Hydrargyri nigra,
    are four other preparations of it in estimation, is formed of calomel 3ij, Lime water Ibj. Used
    viz : Plenck's solution, made by rubbing mer- to syphilitic sores.
    cury with mucilage . 2. By rubbing equal HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIAS AMMONIATUM , Hy
    parts of sugar and mercury together. 3. A drargyrum præcipitatum - h .Subsulphasflavus,
    compound of honey or liquorice and purified Hydrargyrus vitriolatus - h. Subsulphas peroxi
    mercury . 4. The blue pill and ointment. dati, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h . Sulphas, Hy
    All these possess the usual properties of mer- drargyrus vitriolatus .
    cury HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE'TUM Nigrum , Hy.
    The Mercurius solu'bilis of Hahnemann is drargyrus vel mercurius cum sulphurē, Æthiops
    formed from a black oxide of mercury. It is minerd'lis, Hydrargyrus e sulphurê , Pulvis
    the Mercurius solu'bilis Hahneman'ni seu ori- hypnoticus, Æthiops narcoticus,(F.). Sulphure
    dum hydrargyri nigri mediante ammo'niâ er de mercure noir, Black sulphuret of mercury,
    protoniira'te hydrargyri præcipita'lum . It is Æthiops mineral. Used chiefly in scrofulous
    used in the same cases as the Hydrargyri Oxy- and cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. x. to 3ss.
    dum cinereum . HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE'TUM RUBRUM , Hy
    HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM NIGRUM MEDIANTE drargyrus sulphura'tus ruber, Min'ium purum ,
    AMMONIA EX PROTONITRATE HYDRARGYRI PRÆ- Minium Græcorum, Magnes Epilep'sia , Am
    CIPITATUM , Oxydum cinereum - h . Oxydum mion, Purpuris'sum , Cinnab'uris, Mercurius
    nitricum , Hydrargyri nitrico -oxydum . Cinnabari'nus, Cinabaris, Cinaba'rium , Red
    HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM RUBRUM, Mercurius Sulphuret of Mercury,Cinnabar, Vermilion, ( F.)
    calcina'tus, Hydrargyrus Calcinatus, (F.) Oxide Sulphure de Mercure rouge, Cinabre.
    de mercure rouge , Red oride of mer'cury. It is antisyphilitic , but is chiefly used in fu
    It is stimulant and escharotic ; and , in large migation against venereal ulcers of the nose,
    doses, emetic. Owing to the violence of its mouth and throat ;—38s being thrown on a red
    operation it is seldom given internally , but is hot iron. This preparation is the basis of a
    chiefly used as an escharotic. nostrum , called Boerhaave's Red Pill.
    HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM RUBRUM PER ACIDUM Hydrargyri SUPERMURIAS , H. oxymurias.
    NITRICUM , Hydrargyrinitrico-oxydum - h.Oxy. HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS, H. PROTO - TARTRAS,
    dum saccharatum ,Hydrargyrum saccharalum— Tartrate of mercury. Antisyphilitic. Dose, one
    h. Oxydum sulphuricum , Hydrargyrus vitrio. or two grains twice a day.
    latus. HYDRARGYRIA , Eczema mercuriale .
    HYDRARGYRI OxymU'RIAS , Hydrar'gyrusmu- HYDRARGYRIASIS , Eczema mercuriale .
    ria'tus, Murias hydrargyri corrositus, Murias HYDRARGYROSIS , Eczema mercuriale .
    hydrargyri oxygeria'tus, Sublima'tus corrosirus, HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS , Hydrargyrana
    Mercuriils corrosirus , Mercurius cori ositus sub- tripsis.
    limatus, Bichlo'ride of mercury, Hydrargiri per- HYDRARGYRUM , Hydrargyrus, fromóvduo,
    mu’rias, Supermu'rias hydrargyri, Murias hy water, and agyvpus, silver; Mercu'rius, Ar
    drargyri busi ozydi imperfec'ti, Muriashydrar. gentum virum , A mobilē, A. fusum , A. fugiti'
    gyri corrosivum , (F.) Muriate orygéné de Mer . vum, Fumus albus,Arca arcanorum , Dæd'alus,
    cure, Sublimé corrosif, Orymuriate of mercury, Mercury, Quicksilter, ( F.) Mercure, M. cru , Vif.
    Corrosire sublimate. It is used as an antisy- Argent, Mater Metallo'rum. A fluid , brilliant
    philitic stimulant, in venereal complaints ; old metal; of a slightly bluish white colour ; fluid
    cutaneous affections, &c . gr. iij to fbj of water above - 39 ° of Fahr, and under 6560. S. G.,
    forms a good gargle in venereal sore throats, or when liquid, 13,568 (Cavendish ;) easily oxy.
    an injection in gonorrhæa. Externally , it is dized . Metallie quicksilver does not act on the
    applied in cases of tetter, and to destroy fun- body , even when taken into the stomach .
    gus, or stimulate old ulcers. Dose , gr. 1.16 to When oxydized and combined with acids, it
    gr . 1-8 in pill , once in twenty -four hours. acts powerfully. It has been exhibited in cases
    White of egg is the best antidoie to it, when of constriction of the bowels and in intussus
    taken in an overdose . ception , from a notion , that it must certainly
    HYDRARGYRI PERMURIAS, Hydrargyri oxymu- pass through the bowels by its gravity . The
    rias - h . Proto -ioduretum , see lodine -- h. Proto- water, in which mercury has been bojled , has
    tartras, H. tartras — h . Prussias, H. cyanuretum been recommended as a vermifuge; but it pro
    HYDRARGYRUS 361 HYDROA

    bably enjoys no such property, as chymical mended in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers,
    tests do not exhibit the presence of themetal. but it is now scarcely used.
    When the crude metal is distilled in an iron HYDRARGYRUS SÚLPHURATUS RUBER, Hy
    retort, it forms the Hydrargyrum purificatum . drargyri sulphuretum rubrum-h. cum Sul
    HydraRGYRUM AMMONIATO -MORIATICUM , H. phure, Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum-h. e.
    præcipitatum - h. Cyanogenatum , Hydrargyri sulphure ,Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum .
    cyanuretum . HYDRARGYRUS Vitriola'tus, Turpd thum mi
    HYDRARGYRUM CUM Creta , Hydrargyrus nera'le, Mercurius emet'icus flavus, Calz mercu
    cum cretâ, Mercurius alkalisa'tus, Mercury with rii vitriola'la , Mercurius caus'licus flavus, M.
    chalk, ( F.) Mercure avec la craie, Æthiops alcali-luteus, Hydrargyri sulphas, Subsulphas Hydrar
    satus. A protoxide of mercury, formed by tri- gyri flarus, Oxydum hydrargyri sulphu'ricum ,
    turation with carbonate of lime. It is some. Subsul'phashydrargyriperoxida'ti,Turbith min':
    what uncertain ; and consequently not much eral . (F.) Sous-sulfate de mercure ou turbith
    employed. It possesses the properties of the minéral. "Two grains of this mercurial act on
    black oxide of mercury , and may be advan- the stomach violently. It is sometimes recom
    tageously exbibited in cases of diarrhea in mended as an errbine in amaurosis.
    children, dependent upon acidity and vitiated HYDRAR" THRUS , Hydarthrus, Hydrur'.
    secretions. Dose , gr. v to 3ss , twice a day , in thrus synovia'lis, Hydrops articulorum , Hy
    any viscid substance . durthron, Hydar'thros, Melice'ria , Spina ven
    The HYDRARGYRUM Cum Magne'si of the toʻsu of Rhazes and Avicenna, Arthritis
    Dublin Pharmacopæia resembles it in proper- Hydar'thros, Hydarthrosis, Emmyx'ium arti
    ties. cula'rē, Tumor albus ;-White Swelling; from
    HYDRARGYRUM HYDROCYANICUM , Hydrargyri “vduie, water,' and aggqov, ' a joint.” . (F.). Tu
    cyanuretum - h . lodatum, see Iodine — h. Ioda- meur blanche, T.lymphatique des articulations.
    tum flavum , see lodine - h. Iodatum rubrum , The French surgeons apply the term Hydrar.
    see Iodine - h . Iodidulatum , see lodine-h . Pe- thrus to dropsy of the articulations.
    riodatum , see lodine. White swelling is an extremely formidable
    HYDRARGYRUM PRÆCIPITA'Tum, Hydrargy- disease . It may attack any one of the joints ;
    rum ammonia'to-muriatſicum , Mercurius cos. but is most commonly met with in the knee,
    met'icus, Murias oxidi hydrargyri ammoniaca- the haunch, the foot, and the elbow, and gene
    lis, Submu'rias ammoni'aco -hydrargyricus, Cal rally occurs in scrofulous children . It con
    Hydrargyri alba, Submu'rias Hydrargyri ammo- sists, at times, in tumefaction, and softening of
    nia'tum - S. H. Precipita'tum - Murias hydrar- the soft parts and ligaments, which surround
    gyri sub-oxygena'tus præcipitatio'ně para'tus, the joints ; at others, in swelling and caries of
    Præcipita'tumalbum, White precipitate of mer- the articular extremities of bones;or both
    cury, White precipitate, - Calcina'tum majus these states may exist at the same time. The
    Poierii, (F.) Sous-muriate de mercure précipité treatment consists in the employmentof counter
    ou Précipité' blanc. irritants ; the use of iodine internally and ex
    A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and ternally , & c.
    ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used , in HYDRAS'TIS CANADEN'SIS, Yellow Root.
    powder, to destroy vermin ; and, united with It is used in Kentucky as a mouth -wuter, and as
    lard , for the same purpose , as well as in scabies an outward application in wounds, and local
    and some other cutaneous affections. inflammations.
    HYDRARGYRUM SACCHARA'TUM, JEthiops sac HYDRELÆ'ON , Hydrola'um , from 'vdwe,
    chara'tus, Mercu'rius sacchard'tus, Ox'idum hy- water,' and sharor, oil. A mixture of water
    drargyri sacchara'tum , Saccharum hydrargyri and oil.
    dermifugum. A mild mercurial formula in HYDRELYTRON . See Hydrocele.
    several of the Pharmacopæias of Continental HYDRENCEPHALOCELE , Hydrocephalas
    Europe ; formed by triturating one part of mer . chronicus .
    cury with two of white sugar. It is used in the HYDRENCEPH'ALOID , from 'udwo, < W&
    venereal affections of children . ter,' eyxigados, the brain ,' and ados, resem
    HYDRARGYRUS , Hydrargyrum . blance.” Resembling hydrencephalus. Dis
    HYDRARGYRUS ACETA'TUS, Sperma mercurii, eases of the bowels, and exhaustion are at times
    Terra foliata mercurii, Mercurius aceta'tus, Hy- attended with hydrencephaloid symptoms.
    drargyri Acetas, Acetas vel Proto -ace'tas Hy- HYDRENCEPHALUS , Hydrocephalus in
    drargyri, Ad'etate of mercury. This was the ternus. <
    basis of Keyser's pills, and was once much HYDRENTEROCEʼLE, from 'udwo, wa
    celebrated in the cure of the venereal disease. ter,' evtepov, ' intestine ,' and unan, ' a tumour.'
    The dose is from three to five grains, but it is Intestinal hernia, the sac of which encloses
    fluid .
    not much used ,
    The formula forKeyser's Anti-venereal pills HYDRIATRIA , Hydrosudotherapeia .
    was as follows: Hydrarg. Acet. Ziv, Manna HYDRIODAS KALICUS. See Potasse hy
    3xxx, Amyl. Zij , Muc. G. Trag. q. s. into pills of driodas .
    gr. vjeach. Bose, twopills. HYDRO'A , Hidrda, Aquila , Boa, from ' udwp,
    HYDRARGYRUS Calcinatus, Hydrargyri oxy- water.. An affection , which consists in an
    dum rubrum - h . cum Cretâ, "Hydrargyrum accumulation ofwater or serous fluid under the
    cum cretâ - h . Muriatus, Hydrargyri oxymu- epidermis . Some have used hydro'a synony
    rias -h. Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico mously with sudaminu ; (q. v.) others with pem
    oxydum. phigus. In the first case , it hasgenerally, how
    HYDRARGYRUS PHOSPHORA'TUS, Phosphuret- ever,
    ted mercury. This preparation has been recom . land inbeen written hidro'a, from ideas,sweat,'
    the latter hydro'a. ee Hydalid.
    16
    HYDRO.AMIA 362 HYDROCYANIC ACID

    HYDROÆ'MIA, Hydremia; from ' vdwp , & c . Those of the second, which generally de
    " water, ' and 'aqua ,'' blood .' The state of the note , that the inflammation has ended in effu
    blood in which the watery constituents are in sion , are, great slowness of pulse , crying out as
    a morbid proportion . if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil , squinting,
    HYDROA'RION, Hydrops ova'rii, from &c . and lastly, in the third stage;-profound
    'vdwo , ' water,' and waplov, ' ovarium. ' Dropsy stupor, paralysis , convulsions, involuntary eva.
    of the ovarium . cuations, quick pulse, and frequently death .
    HYDROBLEPHARON , Hydrops Palpe- The disease is f uncertain duration ; some
    bra, Blepherade'ma uquo'sum . An ædema or times, destroying in two or three days,atothers,
    watery swelling of the eyelids ; from ' vdwo , extending to two or three weeks. The prog
    " water,' and Bheagov, ' eyelid .' nosis is unfavourable. The treatment must be
    HYDROCARDIA , Hydropericardium . most activeduring the stage of excitement, and
    HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti, Oscheocele, precisely that necessary in phrenitis. In the
    Oscheophyma, Hydror'chis, from óvdwg, water,' second stage, the indication is ;- to promote the
    and xnan, ' a tumour . ' A collection of serous absorption of the effused fluid. This must be
    fluid in the cellular texture of the scrotum or in doneby counter- irritants , and mercury, chiefly .
    some of the coverings, either of the testicle or On dissection, in these cases, water is generally
    spermatic cord . To the first of these varieties found in the ventricles , or at the base of the
    the names , External Hydrocele , H.ædemato'des, brain ; or there are signs of previous , vascular
    (F.) H. par infiltration have been given ; and excitement, effusions of coagulable lymph, &c.
    to the second those of Hydrocele interna , H. ( F.) Hydrocéphale aigu, Fièvre cérébrale des
    tu'nicæ ragina'lis tes'tis, Hydrel'ytron , (F.) H. Enfans.
    par épanchement. When the collection occurs The HYDROCEPHALUS CHRON'ICUS, Hydren .
    in the envelope of the testicle, it is called H. cephaloce'le, Hydrops Cap'itis, Hydrocephalus
    of the tunica vaginalis ; and the epithet con- externus of some, commonly commences at an
    genital, is added, when the interior of the mem- early period of existence, and the accumulation
    brane , in which it is situate , still communicates of Huid , gradually produces distention of the
    freely with the cavity of the abdomen. When brain, and of the skull , with separation of the
    it exists in the spermatic cord , it is called en . sutures. It generally proves fatal before pu.
    cystod, or diffused Hydrocele of the spermatic berty.
    cord, as the case may be . The tumour of the The Hydrocephalus externus of some is a mere
    distended scrotum is oblong ; greater below infiltration into thesubcutaneous cellular tissue
    than above ; indolent and semi- transparent. of the cranium .
    When it becomes inconveniently large, the HYDROCHLORATE D'OR. See Gold .
    fluid may be evacuated by puncturing with a HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS , Soda,
    trocar, but, as the fluid collects again , this muriate of.
    operation can only be considered palliative . HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, from 'udwo, ' water ,'
    The radical cure consists, usually , in injecting, X1000 , varix , xnan , " tumour.' A tumour,
    through the canula of the trocar, which has formed by the varicose distention of the veins of
    been left in after puncturing, some irritating the spermatic cord and by the accumulation of
    liquid , as wine . This is kept in the tunica va serous fluid in the cellular texture of the scro.
    ginalis for a few minutes and then withdrawn. tum . Hygrocirsocele.
    The coat inflames; adhesion takes place, and HYDROCOTYLE UMBELLATUM, Acari.
    the cavity is obliterated . coba .
    HYDROCELE PERITONÆI , Ascites — h . Spinalis , HYDROCYANIC ACID, Acidum Hydro
    Hydrorachis. cyan'icum ; from 'udno,'water, and xuaros, blue,
    HYDROCÉPHALE AIGU, Hydrocephalus Prussic Acid , Acidum
    internus.
    Prus'sicum, A. Borus'si
    , A. Zoötin'icum . This acid
    cum, A. Zoöt'icum
    HYDROCEPH'ALUS,Hydroceph'alum , Hy existsin a great variety of native combinations
    droceph'ale, from 'udwo, water,' and repain ,in the vegetable kingdom, and imparts to them
    thehead .' Water in thehead, Dropsyofthehead,certain properties, which have been long known
    Hydrops Cap'itis, Dropsy of the brain. A col- and esteemed ; as in the bitter almond , Cherry
    lection of water within the head . It may be laurel, leaves of the Peach tree, kernels of fruit,
    internal or external. pips of apples, &c. When concentrated , it is
    HYDROCEPHALUS Acutus, H. internus—h . liquid , colourless,of a strong smell and taste ,at
    Externus , H. chronicus — h . Meningeus, H. in- first cool, afterwards burning. Its s. g . at 70,
    ternus . centigrade , is 0.7058. It is very volatile and
    The HYDROCEPHALUS INTER'NUS, Hydroceph'- enters into'ebullition at 260.5 ,Cent. It speedily
    alus Acu'tus, H , meningeus, Hydrops cerebri, undergoes decomposition , sometimes in less
    Encephalalgia hydrop'ica, Phrenicula hydroce- than an hour, and consists of a peculiar gaze
    phalica, Hydrencephalus, Febris Hydrocephal- ous and highly inflammable compound of car
    ica , Apoplex'ia hydrocephalica, Carus hydro- bon and azote, to which the name Cyanogen
    ceph'alus, is generally seated , according to mo. has been assigned ; and of hydrogen, which
    dern observers, in the meninges and surface of acts as the acidifying principle -- hence its name 1
    the encephalon,and is a tubercularmeningitis. It Hydrocyanic acid. According to Magendie, the
    is observed particularly in childhood. Its march acid, prepared after Scheele's method — the one 1
    is extremely acute and often very rapid ; ad- in common use — is ofirregular medicinal power;
    mitting, generally, however, of division into he, therefore , recommends Gay Lussac's acid ,
    three stages. The symptoms of the first stage diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its
    are those of general febrile irritation ,with head . weight of distilled water, for medicinal pur
    ache, intolerance of light and sound, delirium, poses, and this he calls Medicinal Prussic Acid.
    HYDROCYSTIS 363 HYDROPEDESIS

    Dr. Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity of the sulphurets by the addition of a strong
    should indicate that which is proper for me- acid . It is a violent poison, but has been re
    dicinal exhibition ; and , after comparative ex commended to be inhaled , diluted, to allay the
    periments of the gravity of the acids, obtained increased irritability which occasionally exis's
    by different processes, he states, that the acid , after diseases of the lungs . See Hydro-sul
    usually prescribed , is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997 . phuretted Water.
    Great caution is, however, necessary. One HYDROGENÈSES . Baumes gives this
    drop of pure prussic acid instantly destroys, name to diseaseswhich he fancifully considers
    and the animal shows hardly any traces of ir. to depend upon disturbed hydrogenation. In it
    ritability, a few moments after death . It has he includes intermittentand remittent fevers.
    been advised in tracheal phthisis, in tubercular HYDROGENO -SULPHURETUM AMMO
    phthisis, pulmonary inflammation and irrita- NIACÆ LIQUIDUM , Ammoniæ sulphuretum .
    tion ,dyspepsia ,uterine affections , hectic cough, HYDROGLOSSA , Ranula.
    cancer , chronic rheumatism , and mania , and as HYDROLÆUM , Hydreleon .
    a local remedy in impetiginous affections; but, HYDROLAPATHUM , Rumex hydrola
    although possessed of powerful sedative proper- pathum.
    ties , it is so unmanageable and the preparation HYDROLA'TA, Aquæ destillatæ.
    so uncertain , that it is not much used. HYDROLATS, Aqua destillatæ .
    The Dose of Scheele's Acid, or of the Medi- HYDROL'OGY , Hydrologia ; from «vdwo,
    cinal Prussic Acid is from a quarter of a drop to water,' and loyos,' a discourse. A treatise on
    two drops . waters. By the term Medical Hydrology is
    HYDROCYS'TIS , from 'udose, ' water ,' and meant that part of physics, whose object is the
    XUOTIS, ' a bladder. ' A cyst containing a watery study of water, considered as it respectsmedi
    or serous fluid . cine; and consequently embracing that of
    HYDRODES , Aqueous. mineral waters. Medical Hydrography com :
    HYDRO -EN’TERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro- prises the study of the influence exerted
    epiplo -enteroce'le; from sowe, ' water,' errepov, by the sea or bý navigation on the health of
    intestine,' and endinhoov , ' omentum .' Entero- man.
    epiplocele, the sac of which contains a serous HYDROLOTIF , Lotion .
    fluid . HYDROMA'NIA, from 'uduo, water,' and
    HYDRO -ENTERO - EPIPLOMPHALUM , uavia , ' mania . A name given by Strambi to
    from 'vdwo , water, evtepov, " an intestine, Pellagra , in which the patient has a strong pro
    enthoor , ' the caul,' and on galos, “ the navel . ' pensity to drown himself.
    Umbilical hernia, the sac of which contains in- HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NA. Effusion of scrous
    testine, epiploon, and serum . fluid into the mediastinum .
    HYDRO -ENTEROM'PHALUM , Hydrente- HYDROM'ELI, from "udov , ' water,' and
    rom'phalum ; from 'udwe, ' water ,' ertegov, • an meh , honey.' Aqua mulsa , Meliti'tes, Mulsum ,
    intestine,' and on panos,'the umbilicus. Hernia Melicratum , Braggart, Medo. A liquid medi
    umbilicalis; the sac of which contains intestine cine, prepared with an ounce and a half of
    and serum . honey and a pint of tepid water. It is used as a
    HYDRO.EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hydro- demulcent and laxative, and isgenerally known
    entero- epiplocele. under the name Simple hy'drome, Vinous hy
    HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LĒ, from " vdwo, wa- dromel, Mead, Hydrom'eli vino'sum is a drink
    ter,' stinioov, omentum ,' and znan, a tumour.' made by fermenting honey and water. It is
    Hernia , formed by omentum ; the sac of which much used in some countries.
    contains serum . HYDROMETER , Areometer.
    HYDRO-EPIPLOMPH'ALUM , from «udwe, HYDROME'TRA, Hydrops u'teri; fromóvdwg,
    water,'enuhoov,' the omentum ,' and on palos , water,' and untoa, ' the womb.' Dropsy of the
    the umbilicus .' ' Umbilical hernia ; the sac of womb. A disease, characterized by circum
    which containsepiploon and serum . scribed protuberance in the hypogastrium ,
    HYDROGʻALA , from ‘vdwq, “water,' and with obscure fluctuation ,-progressively en
    yana, ' milk . ' A mixture of water and milk . larging, without ischury or pregnancy. If it
    HYDROGASTER , Ascites . ever occur , it must be a rare disease.
    HY'DROGEN , Hydroge'nium , Inflam'mable HYDROM'PHALUM , Hydrops umbilicalis,
    air, Phlogiston, Princip'ium hydrogencticum , P. Exom'phalus aquo'sus, from “vowo, water,' and
    hydroticum , from 'uduo, ' water,' and yevraw, 1 ou paiós, “ the navel.' A tumour, formed by
    produce . This gas, when breathed, kills the the accumulation of serum in the sac of umbili.
    animal, by depriving it of oxygen. When cal hernia ; or simply by distention of the na
    diluted with two-thirds of atmospheric air , it vel in cases of ascites.
    occasions some diminution of muscular power HYDROMYRIN'GA , from 'vdolg , water ,'
    and sensibility, and a reduction of the force of and myringa or myrinx, ' the membrana tym
    the circulation. It has been respired in catarrh , pani.' Dropsy of the drum of the ear; giving
    hemoptysis, and phthisis. rise to difficulty of hearing , —the Dyseca'a hy.
    The CARBURETTED HYDROGEN ,-obtained by drop'ica .
    passing the vapour of water over charcoal, at HYDRONEPHRO'SIS ; from 'vdorp, water,
    the temperature of ignition, in an iron tube- and vecpos, kidney. A cyst in the kidney , filled
    has been found possessed of similar properties, with urine, and formed owing to the obstruc
    when diluted, and has been used in like cases. tion of the tubesof the papillæ .-- Rayer.
    The SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN , Hydrothi'on, HYDRONOSUS , Hydrops.
    Gaz hepaticum , Gazhydrogen'ium sulphura'tum , HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia .
    Mephitis hepat'ica may be disengaged from any HYDROPEDE'SIS, from 'udwig, ' water,' and
    HYDROPEGE 364 HYDROPS

    andaw, ' I break out.' Ephidro'sis, (q. v .) Ex. Ophthalmoptosis, Parop'sis Staphylo'ma simplex , |
    cessive sweating. ( F.) Hydrophthalmic, Hydropisie de l'æil. This
    HYDROPEGE , Water, spring. affection is caused, at times, by an increase in 1

    HYDROPERICARDITIS, Hydrope- the quantity of the aqueous,at others,of the vi 1


    ricardium . trenns, humour. In the former case , the iris is
    HYDROPERICAR'DIUM , Hydropericar- concave anteriorly, and pushed back wards:
    dia, Hydropericardi'tis, Hydrops Pericardii, in the latter, it is convex, and pushed forwards. 1
    Hydrocar'dia , - Dropsy of the pericardium . ( F.) Most commonly, the disease seems to depend
    Hydropisie du Péricarde. This is not a com- on both humours at the same time. Hydrop !
    mon disease. Palpitations; irregular or inter- thalınia sometimes affects both eyes ; at others,
    mitting pulse ; excessive dyspnea, amount. only one . Children are more exposed to it than 1
    ing often to orthopnoa, and dulness , over a adults or old persons . The treatment must vary
    larger space on percussion, will cause the peri- according to the causes ; its longer or shorter
    cardium to be suspected. duration ; greater or less extent, & c . Hence,
    The treatment is that of dropsies in general . according to circumstances, hydragogue medi
    It is, usually , however, of the active kind. cines, purgatives, general and local blood-let
    HYDROPERIONE,froin ‘vdwg, ' water,' ztepe, ting, blisters , setons, moxa, cupping- glasses , fo រឺ
    around,' and wor, óan egg , or ovum .' The mentations, collyria , and fumigations of differ.
    sero -albuminous substance secreted in the ute- ent kinds have been employed. When all
    rus, prior to the arrival of the impregnated means fail, and the disease continues to make i
    ovum in that cavity. - Breschet. progress,the fluid may be evacuated, by a punc
    HYDROPHOBIA , Paraphobia, Phobodip'- ture made with a cataract needle at the lower
    son, Pheu 'gydron, Pheugophobia , Cynolys'sa, part of the transparent cornea.
    Phreni'tis litrans, Lyssa cani'na, Pantopho'bia, HYDROPHTHAL'MION. Same etymon .
    Rabies cani'na,Érethis'mushydrophobia , Clonos An ædematous swelling of the conjunctiva in 14

    hydropho'bia , 'Hygropho'bia , Canine madness, hydropic persons.


    ( 8.) Rage,from 'udo ,' water,' and poßos, 'dread.' HYDROPHTHALMUS CRUENTUS, He
    The term Rabies is more appropriate for the mophthalmia .
    aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite HYDRO -PHYSOCELĒ, Hydropneumato
    of rabid animals. Hydrophobia literally signi- ce'lè, from 'udwe , water,' quoa, wind ,' and 1
    fies, a ' dread of water ;' and, consequently, anan, ' a tumour.' Hernia , which contains a
    ought to be applied to oneof the symptoms of serous fluid andgas.
    rabies, rather than to the disease itself. It is a HYDROPHYŠOME'TRA ; from 'vdop, ' wa
    symptom which appears occasionally in other ter, ' quoaw , ' I inflate,' and prepa, the womb .'
    nervous affections. Rabies is susceptible of a morbid condition of the womb, in which both
    spontaneous development in the dog, wolf, cat, fluid and air are contained in it.
    and fox ; which can thence transmit it to other HYDROP'IC, Hydropicus,-Hyphydros,ʻvqve
    quadrupeds or to man ; but it has not been doos, (F.) Hydropique. One labouring under
    proved that it can supervene,-without their dropsy .
    having been previously bitten ,-in animals of HYDROPICA , Hydragogues.
    other species; or that the latter can , when bit HYDROPIPER , Polygonum hydropiper . 1
    ten, communicate it to others. HYDROPISIE ,Hydrops--h .de l'il, Ilydro
    A number of facts induces the belief, that the phthalmia-- . du Péricarde, Hydropericardium
    salivaand bronchial mucus are the sole vehi- --, des Plèvres, Hydrothorax--h .de Poitrine,
    cles of the rabid virus ; the effects of which Hydrothorax .
    upon the economy appear, sometimes, almost HYDROPNEUMATOCELE Hydrophyso .
    immediately after the bite , and are , at others, cele .
    apparently dormant for a considerable period . HYDROPNEUMONIA, Hydrops Pulmo'.
    The chief symptoms are - a sense of dryness num, from ‘v800 , water ,' and revpwr, the
    and constriction of the throat ; excessive thirst;lung' Infiltration of the lungs.
    difficult deglutition ; aversion for, and horror at, HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from ‘vdog,' wa
    the sight of liquids as well as of brilliant ob- ter,' avevna , ' wind , air, ' and owos, ' flesh .' An
    jects ; red, animated countenance ; great ner- abscess, containing water, air, and matterssimi.
    vous irritability; frothy saliva ; grinding of the lar to flesh .-- M . X. Severinus.
    teeth , & c. Death most commonly happens be. HYDROPNEUMOTHORAX , from 'vdorp,
    fore the fifth day . " water,' 111#vuiwv, ' the lung, ' and oupas, the
    Hydrophobia has hitherto resisted all thera. chest.' Pneumothorax with effusion of fluid
    peauticai means. Those which allay irritation, into the chest.
    are obviously most called for. In the way of HYDROPOÏDES , from «v8010, ' water,'and
    prevention , the bitten part should always be 101w , ' I make.' Watery excretions , such as
    excised, where practicable ; and cauterized . sometimes take place in Hydropics.
    In some cases , symptoms like those which HYDROPOTA, Pota'tor Aque , from «vdwg,
    follow the bite of a rabid animal, are said to ' water,' and notYS , a drinker. ' 'AWater Drinker .
    have come on spontaneously . This affection One who drinks only water, or drinks it in an
    has heen termed nervous or spontaneous hydro- extraordinary quantity :
    phobia . HYDROPS, from 'vdwq,' water,' Phlegmdtia,
    HYDROPHOBUS, Lyssodectus. Dropsy,Hyderos, Affectushydero'des,Hydropisis,
    HYDROPHTHALMIA , from óvdwp, 'water,' Hydron'osus, (F.) Hydropisie. A preternatural
    and 009a1106, the eye.' Dropsy of the Eye, collection of a serous fluid in any cavity of the
    Hydrops Oc’uli, Buphthalmus, Óc’ulus Bovi'" body, or in the cellular texture. When the cel
    nus, Oculus Bubulus, Oculus Elephan'linus lular texture of the whole dy is more or less
    HYDROPYRETUS 365 HYDROTHORAX

    filled with fluid , the disease is called Anasarca congenital, and situate in the lumbar or sacral
    or Leucophlegmatia ;-and when this variety is regions. It is almost always fatal : —the tu
    local or partial, it is called (Edema. The chief mour rupturing , and death occurring instanta
    dropsies, designated from their seat are - : neously . On dissection, a simple separation or
    Anasarca, Hydrocephalus, Hydrorachitis, Hydro- complete absence of the spinous processes of
    thorax, Hydropericardium , Ascites, Hydrometra, the vertebræ is perceived, with, at times, de
    Hydrocele, &c . struction or absence of spinal marrow . The
    Encyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tus, incur. treatment is the same as in hydrocephalus chro
    cera'tus vel cys'ticus, is that variety , in which nicus ; and , as in it, advantage seems occasion.
    the fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst ; so that it ally to have been derived by puncturing with a
    has no communication with the surrounding fine needle .
    parts. Dropsy of the Orarium , Hydrops Ora ". HYDRORACHITIS , Hydrorachis.
    rii, Ascites Ova'rii, Asci'tes sacca'lus, is an in- HYDRORCHIS , Hydrocele.
    stance of this variety. HYDROSAC'CHAŘUM , Aqua sacchara'ta,
    Dropsy may be active or passive. The former (F.) Eau sucrée . Sugared water.
    consists in an increased action of the exhalants, HYDROSAR'CA , from 'uduo, water,' and
    so that those vessels pour out much more fluid oans , ' flesh. A tumour, containing a fluid as
    than is absorbed : the latter arises from a state well as portions of flesh .Also, Anasarca, (q. v.)
    of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows HYDROSARCOCE'LE , from 'udwig, water,'
    of an accumulation of Auid. It may also be oans, ' flesh,' and xin, ' a tumour. Sarco
    mechanical, or produced by obstructions to the hydrocele. A tumour, formed by a sarcocele,
    circulation, as in cases of diseased liver. complicated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis.
    Active dropsy, occurring accidentally in a HYDROSUDOPATHY , Hydrosudothera
    sound individual , generally ends favourably. peia.
    Those, which supervene on other diseases, or HYDROSUDOTHERAPEIA , Hydropathy,
    are symptomatic of some internal affection, are ter,
    rarely curable .
    Hydrosudopathy, Hydriatri'a, from 'udwe, wa.
    ' sudo , I sweat,' and depan1EU0), “ I remedy .'
    The treatment consists in the use of all those A badly compounded word , forined to express
    remedies , which act on the various secretions : the mode of treating diseases by cold water,
    so that the demand being increased , the supply sudorifics, & c .
    will have to be increased accordingly; and in HYDROSULPHURETTED WATER, Aqua
    this manner some of the collected fluid may be hydrosulphura'ta simplex, Aqua hepalica , (F.)
    taken up by the absorbents. To this end , bleed. Lau hydrosulphurée simple. (Sulphuret of iron
    ing, if the dropsy be very active ; purgatives , 1000 parts , sulphuric acid 2000 parts , distilled
    diuretics , sudorifics, sialagogues, & c., are the water 4000 parts ; add the water to the acid, and
    remedies chiefly depended upon. put the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which
    HYDROPS ABDOMINIS , Ascites - h. Abdominis a Wolff's apparatus of 5 or 6 vessels is adapted :
    aereus , Tympanites — h. Articulorum , Hydrar- the last containing about an ounce of potassa,
    thrus - h . Capitis , Hydrocephalus - h. Cavitatis dissolved in a quart of water. Pour the die
    columna vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h. Capitis, luted acid gradually on the sulphuret: and ,
    Hydrocephalus chronicus- h.Cellularis artuum, ultimately, throw away the water in the last
    dema - h. Cellularis totius corporis, Anasarca vessel. Ph. P.) It is stimulant, diaphoretic ,
    -h. Cerebri, Hydrocephalus internus- h. ad and deobstruent ,(?) and is used in rheuma
    Matulam, Diabetes - h .Medullæ spinalis, Hy- tism , diseases of the skin , & c.
    drorachis — h. Metellæ , Diabetes—h. Oculi, Hy- It has been , also, called Ac" idum Hydrothion'.
    drophthalmia — h. Ovarii,Hydroarion - h.Palpe. icum liquidum .
    bræ , Hydroblepharon - h .Pectoris, Hydrothorax HYDROSULPHURETUM AMMONIA
    -h.Pericardii, Hydropericardium - h. Pulmonis, CUM AQUOSUM , Ammoniæ sulphuretum
    Hydrothorax - h . Pulmonum , Hydropneumonia h . Ammonicum , Ammoniæ sulphuretum .
    -h. Sacci lachrymalis, Fistula lachrymalis — h. HYDROTHION , Hydrogen ,sulphuretted.
    Scroti,Hydrocele — h .Siccus et flatulentus, Tym- HYDROTHORAX , from ' udwo , ' water ,' and
    panites - h. Spinæ Hydrorachis — h. Thoracis, Iwas, the chest,' Hydrops Thoru'cis, Hydrops
    Hydrothorax - h. Tympanites ,Tympanites—h. pectoris, Hydrops pulmo'nis, Dyspna'a ct Or
    Umbilicalis, Hydroinphalum - h . Uteri, Hydro- thopna'a hydrothora'cica, (F.) Hydropisie de
    metra . Poitrine, H. des Plèvres. Idiopathic Hydro
    HYDROPYR'ETOS, from " vdwQ , ' water, ' thorax, termed , by Laënnec, Hydropisie des
    and avpetos, “ fever.' ' Fever with sweating. plèvres, Dropsyvery of the Pleure, is a very rare
    Hidropyretos would be more proper, from «dows, disease, and difficult of diagnosis. It
    * sweat.' See Sudor anglicus . generally exists only on one side ; which , if
    HYDRORACHIS , from ‘vdove, 'water,' and the fluid effused be considerable, projects more
    payis,'the spine.' Hydrorachi'tis, Hydrorrhd- than the other. Dyspnea, and fluctuation per
    chia, Hydrops Cavita'lis Colum'na Vertebra'lis, ceptible to the ear,are characteristic symptoms .
    Spina bif'ida, Hydrops medullæ spina'lis, Hy: When the chest is examined with the stetho
    wanting every
    drocele spina'lis, Hydrorachi'tis spino'sa, Hy. scope, respiration is found toofbethe
    drops spine, Spinola . A soft, frequently trans- where, except at the root lung. The
    parent, tumour; formed by the membranes of sound is also dull on percussion .
    ihe spinal marrow being distended and pro- Effusion into the chest , as a result of inflam
    jecting backwards from the vertebral canal, the mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common
    posterior paries of which is wanting to a cer- as the other is rare. It is usually a fatalsymptom .
    tain extent. The disease is often accompanied It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax.
    with paralysis of the lower extremities. It is In Hydrothorax, the course of treatment,
    HYDROTICA 366 HYOGLOSSUS

    proper in dropsies in general , must be adopted. fold , situate at the outer orifice of the vagina in
    Diuretics seem , here, to be especially useful ; virgins, especially during youth , and prior to
    probably on account of the great activity of menstruation . This membrane is ordinarily
    pulmonary absorption. Paracentesis can rarely , ruptured by the first venereal act, and is er
    if ever, be serviceable. faced by accouchement ; some irregular flaps
    HYDROTHORAX CHYLOSUS, Chylothorax - h. remaining, to which the name Carun'culæ Myr
    Purulentus, Empyema . tifor'mes has been given , by reason of their re
    HYDROTICA , Hydragogues . semblance to the leaves of the myrtle. Many
    HYDRO'TIS , from vowo, water,' and ws, circumstances of an innocent character may
    gen . ortos, the ear. Dropsy of the ear. occasion a rupture or destruction of this mem
    HYGEIA , Sanitas. brane. It is often , indeed, found absent in
    HYGIENA ,Hygiène, Sanitas. children soon after birth ; whilst it muy remain
    HYGIEINOS, Salutary. entire after copulation . Hence , the presence
    HYGIETOLOGIA , Hygiène. of the hymen does not absolutely prove vir
    HYDRURIA . See Urine . ginity ; nor does its absence , incontinence ;
    HYGIÈNE , from ‘vyleia, ' health. ' Hygie'- although its presence would be primâ facie evi
    sis, Hygiei'a ; Conservati'ra medici'na ; llygi. dence of continence.
    ciologia, from ‘vying, healthy .' The part of Hymen, Membrane - h . Diaphratton, Medi.
    medicine whose object is the preservation of astinum .
    health . It embraces a knowledge of healthy HYMENÆA COURBARIL . See Anime.
    man , both in society and individually, as well HYMENODES , Membranous.
    as of the objects used and enjoyed by him, HYMENOG'RAPHY ,Hymenogra'phia ,from
    with their influence on his constitution and “vur , a membrane ,' and yoamo , ' I describe.'
    organs . That part of anatomy whose object is the de.
    HYGIESIS , Hygiène . scription of the different membranes.
    HYGRA , from ‘vdulo , ' water ,' or '7700$, ' hu HYMENOL'OGY Hymenolo" gia ,from freir,
    mid.' Liquid plasters. Hygremplas'tra.. ' a membrane ,' and joyos,' a description . ' A LE
    HYGREMPLASTRA , Hygra . treatise on the membranes .
    HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from ‘vygos,,,'hu. HYMENORRHAPHY, Jymenorrha'phia ;
    mid ,' and ßieqapor, ' eyelid .' Hygrophthalmici. from 'uper, ' the hymen ,' and qayn , ' a suture .'
    The excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland operation
    have been so called .
    A form ofisElytrorrhaphy, (q. v.,) in which the
    performed in the natural situation
    HYGROL'OGY, Zoöch'ymy; from vypos, of the hymen .
    ' humid ,' and hoyos, ' a discourse . The ana- HYMENOTYOMY, Hymenolo'mia ,fromʻrumv,
    tomy of the fluids of the body . a membrane ,' and Trio , ' I cut,' ' I disseci.' her
    HYGRO'MA , from anatomy , which treats of the dis
    ‘ vygos, humid.' Tumor The partofofmembranes
    cys'ticus sero'sus,Cys'tis sero'sa. Dropsy of the section . The term has also
    bursæ mucosæ . been applied to the incision of the hymen , prac
    HYGROM'ETRY, Hygromic'tria, Hygrosco'- tised in certain cases of imperforation of the
    6
    pia ; from ‘vypos , ' humid ,' and Litoor , mea- vagina , in order to give exit to the blood , re
    sure . 'The part of physics which concerns tained and accumulated in the carity of the
    the measurement of the dryness or humidity of uterus .
    the atmosphere. It is probable that diseases HYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 1
    are as frequently caused by the varying mois. HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS , Hyoglossus.
    ture of the atmosphere, as by changes in its HYODEOGLOSSUS , Hyoglossus .
    weight or temperature . The hygrometer ought, HYO -EPIGLOTTICUS . Belonging to the
    consequently, to form part of every apparatus os hyoides and epiglottis. Some anatomists
    formedical meteorological observations. have given the name Hyo-epiglottic ligament to 1
    HYGRON , Liquor. a bundle of condensed cellular tissue , which
    HYGROPHOBIA , Hydrophobia , passes from the posterior part of the body of the
    HYGROPHTH ALMICI, Hygroblepharici. hyoid
    HYGROPISSOS . See Pinus sylvestris.
    bone to the base of the epiglottic fibro
    cartilage .
    I
    E
    HYGROSCOPIA , Hygrometry . HYO -GLOSSO -BASI-PHARYNGIEN, Con
    HYGROTES, Liquor. strictor pliaryngis.
    HY'LE, ‘vie, Maic'ria , Matter .' Materia HYOGLOS'SÚS, Hyodeo -glossus, Hyo-chon
    Medica ; also , the Philosopher's Stone . dro-glossus, Hypsiloglossus, Cer'atoglossus of
    HYLE LATRICE , Materia medica. Douglas and Cowper : Basio - Cerato - Chondro .
    HYLOPH'AGOUS, from ‘vin , ' wood ,' and glossus. A large, thin , quadrilateral muscle, H
    qayo , I eat.' One that feeds upon the young situate at the anterior and superior part of the
    shoots of trees, roots , & c. Hylophagous tribes neck. Its insertions , at three different points
    yet exist in someparts of Africa . of the os hyoides, permit it to be divided into
    HYMASTATICS, Hæmastatice . three portions :-the first ( Cerato - glossus of Al
    HYMEN , ' py ", which signifies ' marriage,' binus) is attached to the great cornu of the os
    nuptial song,' membrane or pellicle.' Cluus hyoides ; the second, ( Basio-glossus of Albi
    trum , seu Flos , seu Sigillum , seu Cuslodia , seu nus ,) arises from the superior part of the body
    Columna, seu Zona virginita'tis, Cir'culusmem- of the same bone; and the third, (Chondro
    brano'sus, Bucton, Intersep'tum virgin 'ale,Cento glossus of Albinus,) arises from the lesser cornu
    virgina'lis.Argumentum Integrita'tis, Munimen'- and the cartilage , situate between the body
    tum seu Zona Castita'lis, Pannicu'lus hymend'. and the greater cornu . The fibres of these
    us ,Eugion ,Valvula tagi'næ, Membranula luna'ta three bundles are inserted into the lateral and
    ragine. The semilunar, parabolic , or circular inferior parts of the tongue . This muscle de
    HYOI'DES 367 HYPERICUM BACCIFERUM

    presses the base of the tongue, or raises the os ( and a109røış, ' the faculty of feeling.' Exces.
    hyoides, when the tongue is fixed. sive sensibility .
    HYOID BONE , Hyoides, os. HYPERAPA'IA , from " TEQ , ' in excess ,'
    HYOI'DES, OS, Os Bicor'nē,Os hypselor'des, and 'ary , touch . Excessiveacuteness of touch .
    Os Lambdoï'des, Os Gut'turis, Os Lingua , Os HYPERAUXE'SIS, from 'UlEQ ,, ' over,'
    Lingua'le, Upsilor'des, Ypsiloides. The Hyoid above, and au mois, ' augmentation .' Hype.
    Bone; from the Greek v and 180$ , ' shape : repidosis. Excessive increase or enlargement
    having the form of the ' upsilon.' The hyoid of a part : -as Hyperaure'sis Ir'idis, an exces.
    bone is a very movable , osseous arch ; of a sive enlargement of the iris so as to stop up the
    parabolic shape ; convex before , and suspended pupil.
    horizontally in the substance of the soft parts HYPERBOL'IC ( Attitude), 'unto Bohızos, ex
    of the neck, between the base of the tongue cessive. Galen , by this term , designates cer
    and the larynx . This bone , separated entirely tain extraordinary attitudes , in which the limbs
    from the rest of the skeleton , is composed of and vertebral column are in a state of complete
    five distinct portions, susceptible of notion on extension or flexion.
    each other . The first and most central is the HYPERBOʻREAN , from w.teq , beyond ,'
    body of the hyoid, Ossiculum medium Myoidis, and Bopeas, the north wind. ' A race of men,
    which affords attachment to several muscles ; found at the extreme north of the two conti
    the two others are lateral , and bear the name nents, in the vicinity of the polar circle. It
    of branches, or greater cornua . The last two includes the Thibetans, Ostiaks, Kamtscha
    are smaller, situate above the other, and are dales , Laplanders, Samoiedes , Esquimaux, &c.
    known under the name lesser cornua , The os HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'sis, Hy.
    hyoides is ossified from five points. perinos , Superpurga'tio, from 'uneq , in excess,'
    HYOIDES PRIMUS , Sterno -hyoideus. and zafundis, ' purgation .' Superpurgation.
    HYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS , Omo - h. HYPERCINĖSIA
    Uterina, HysteriaNERVOSA
    . , see Irritable
    hyoideus. HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA , Hypochon.
    HYOSCY'AMUS , from svş, ' a swine ,' and driasis.
    * Vanos , ' a bean . ' Faba suilla, Bengi, Jusquia- HYPERCORYPHOSIS, 'UITEO, ' above,' and
    mus, Henbune, Hyoscyamus niger, Apollina'ris zoouen, “ the vertex ; ' the extreme point of
    alter'cum , Altercum, Agʻonë, Altercan'genon .any thing .' The lobes of the liver and lungs.
    ( F.) Jusquiaume, Fève a Cochon , Hannebane, Hippocr.
    Potelée. The leaves and seeds are the parts HYPERCRIN'IA , from 'uneo, ' above,' and
    used in medicine. Their odour is narcotic and
    peculiar; taste insipid andmucilaginous. The couro: I separate. A morbidincrease inthe
    quantity of the secretions.
    virtues are yielded to proof spirit . The hyos HYPER'CRISIS , Hyperdiac'risis, same ety
    cyamus is narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic , mon. Superexcretio , Superevacua'tió. An ex
    and slightly stimulant. It is used as a substi, cessive crisis , or evacuation ; a Aux.- A very
    tute for opium , where the latter disagrees ; and violent, critical effort, or too copious critical
    is applied, externally , as a cataplasm in cancer evacuations. - Galen .
    and glandular swellings. Dose, gr. iij to x of HYPERDIACRISIS , Hypercrisis.
    the powder. HYPERDYNAMIA , Hypersthenia .
    The HYOSCYAMUS ALBUS or White Henbane HYPERENCEPH'ALUS , from 'utan,
    possesses' similar virtues.
    HyoscyamUS LUTEUS , Nicotiana rustica — h . •above,' andissituate
    whose brain negaln , 'inthethehead.
    skull. - AG .monster
    St. Hi.
    Peruvianus , Nicotiana tabacum . laire.
    HYPACTICUS , Cathartic. HYPERENDOSMOSE,
    HYPÆMIA , from 'uno, ó beneath ,' and 'urua, HYPEREPHIDROSIS, InflammationEphidrosis. ,
    blood ,' Oliga'mia. Deficiency of blood . An HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis.
    dral. Also , Extravasation of blood.
    HYPAGOGE , Dejection . HYPERESIA , unnoia , ' a ministry .' This
    word is sometimes applied to the organs ;
    HYPALEIPÄTRON, utalentoov,Hypaleip'- when it means function.
    trum , Specillum , Spatha. A sort of spatula for HYPERERETHISIA, from 'untep,' in excess,'
    spreading ointments.- Hippocr. and xoxdı[ w , ' Iexcite .' Excessive irritability,
    HYPAMAURO'SIS , from furto, under,' and HYPERETRIA , Midwife .
    amaurosis. Imperfect amaurosis , Meramau- HYPERGEUS'TIA, Hypergeu'sis: from'uneg,
    ro'sis. • above ,' and yevoTIS, ' taste. Excessive sensi
    HYPELATOS , Cathartic. bility of the organ of taste.
    HYPE'NE , furnun. The beard , which grows HYPERHEMATOSIS, Inflammation ,
    under the chin , according to some. Also , the HYPERHÆMIA , Hyperæmia .
    upper lip .- Vesalius. HYPERÄICUM BACČÍF'ERUM , Arbus'cula
    HY'P'ER, 'UTED,'above,'“ in excess.' Hence : gummif'era Brazilien'sis, Caa-opia . A Bra
    HYPERACU'ŠIS, Hyperacoe; from 'u1190, Zilian tree, whose bark emits a juice, when
    " above ,' and axon, ' audition . ' Excessive sen- wounded , which resembles Camboge .
    sibility of the organ of hearing. Hypericom PERFORA'Tum , Fuga Dæmonum ,
    HYPERÆMIA , Hyperha'mia , from synep , Androsa'mum , Co'rion, Perforated or Common
    " above,' and 'arpa, ' blood .' Preternatural ac- St. John's Wort, Hyper'icum , ( F.) Millepertuis
    cumulation of blood in the capillary vessels.- ordinaire . It is aromatic and astringent, and
    Andral.
    enters into a number of aromatic preparations ;
    HYPERÆMIA Activa , Inflammation. and, amongst others, into the Fallirancks. The
    HYPERÆSTHESIS, from 'ung, above ,'| Oil of St. John's Wort, O'leum hyper'ici, Balsa
    HYPERIDROSIS 368 HYPOCHONDRIASIS

    mum hyper'ici sim'plex, is made by infusing 3 iv who is in a state approaching carus. - Hip
    of the flowers in a quart of olive oil. It is vul- pocr.
    HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'vno, beneath ,
    HYPERIDRO'SIS, from 'vn& , and “idęwois, and
    sweating .' Excessive sweating.
    xa9apois,' purgation. Too Feeble purga
    tion . A word opposed to hypercatharsis.
    HYPERINESIS , Hypercatharsis. HYPOCAUS'TUM , from 'v710,' beneath,' and
    HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis. 2010 , “ I burn . A name given to a stove , or
    HYPERO -PHARYNGEUS, Palato- pharyn- any such contrivance , to sweat in. Also , a
    geus. furnace in any subterraneous place , used for
    HYPERO'A, from une , upon ,' and wor, heating baths :-— 'urtozavotov, Balnearium , Va
    ' a high place . ' The palatine arch ,—the base porarium .
    of the cranium . HYPOCERCHA'LEON, from funto, and
    HYPEROA , Palate . E0 % aheos ,' hoarse . ' Roughness of the fauces
    HYPEROS , Pilum . affecting the voice.- Hippocr.
    HYPEROSPHRE'SIA , from 'UTTED , and HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, Sub pallide ni
    00407015, ' smell. Excessive acuteness of gricans, from ‘vno, yugos,' green,' and usias,
    smell . black . ' A term applied to one whose skin
    HYPEROSTOsis, Exostosis . is pale , with a blackish hue.- Hippocr., Ga
    HYPERPIMELE . See Polysarcia. len .
    HYPERSARCHIDIOS , Physconia. HYPOCHOILION , Abdomen .
    HYPERSARCO'MA , Hypersarco'sis, Hyper, HYPOCHON'DRE, Hypochon'drium , Sub
    sarx'is, from 'uned, above,' and ouos, flesh .' cartilagin'eum , Regio Hypochondriaca, 'Hypo
    A soft fungous excrescence, especially such as chon 'driac Region , from VAO, «under,' and
    appears upon ulcerated parts .— Galen. yordoos ' a cartilage.'. Each lateral and supe
    HYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence , Fungo- rior region of the abdomen is so called , be
    sity. cause it is bounded by the cartilaginous margin
    HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma. of the false ribs, which forms the base of the
    HYPERSTENICUS, Active. chest. There is a right and a left hypochon
    HYPERSTHENI'A ,Hyperdyna'mia ,Hyper- drium .
    zoödyna'mia , Status inflammato'rius verus,from HYPOCHON’DRIAC , Hypochondriacus;
    'UTED, ' beyond ,' and oderos ,' strength . Super, same etymon. Belonging to hypochondriasis.
    excitement. A morbid condition, characterized One labouring under hypochondriasis .
    by over -excitement of all the vital phenomena. HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS , Hypochondri
    HYPERTOʻNIA , UTEQ , beyond,' and toros, asis.
    tone . ' Excess of tone in parts. It is opposed HYPOCHONDRIASIS. Same etymon . Alu '.
    to atony: sia hypochondrias, Morbus hypochondriacus,
    HYPERTROPHÆ'MIA , from 'u 718 ,'above,' Malum hypochondriacum , Hallucina'tio hypo
    Trown ,' nourishment,' and 'aqua, -blood. ' Plas- chondriasis, Hypochondriacismus, Dyspep'sia
    tic powers of the blood increased . hypochondriasis , Pas'sio hypochondriaca, Af
    HYPERTROPHY, Hypertro'phia, from'untep, fec'tio hypochondriaca, Anathymia'sis, Hyperci
    beyond,' and Town, nourishment.' The state ne'sis gastrica, Splenes, Melancholia nerdea , M.
    of a part, in which the nutrition is performed flatulo'sa, Fomes ventriculi, Hypo, Spleen ,—the
    with greater activity; and which , on that ac- Vapours, the English Malady, Low Spirits. ( F.)
    count, atlength acquires considerable bulk. Hypochondrie, Maladie imaginaire, Müladie An
    HYPERURESIS, Enuresis. glaise. This disease is probably so called , from
    HYPERURESIS AQUOSa, Diabetes . the circumstance of somehypochondriacs have
    HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia . ing felt an uneasy sensation in the hypochon
    HYPEX'ODOS, 'viesodos, from 'uno, be driac regions. The disease seems really to be,
    neath ,' and odos, passing out.'An alvine as Pinel has classed it, a species of neurosis
    discharge or flux .- Hippocr. and of mental alienation , which is observed in
    HYPHÆMOS, Subcruentus. persons , who, in other respects, are of sound
    HYPHYDROS , Hydropic. judgment, but who reason erroneously on what
    HYPNOBASIS, Somnambulism . ever concerns their own disease. Hypochon.
    HYPNOBATES , Somnambulist . driasis is characterized by disordered digestion ,
    HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism . without fever or local lesion ; flatulence ; bor
    HYPNO'DES, 'Unrudns , from vuno, ' under,' borygmi ; extreme increase of sensibility ; pal
    and 'viros,' sleep. ' One, in a state of slumber pitations ; illusions of the senses ; a succession
    or somnolency . of morbid feelings , which appear to simulate
    HYPNOLÓG'ICA , Hypnolog''icē. The part the greater part of diseases; panics ; exagge
    of Dietetics which treats of sleep. rated uneasiness of various kinds , chiefly in
    HYPNOLOGY, Hypnolog''ia, from ‘varos, what regards the health , & c. Indigestion has,
    and yoyos, a discourse .' Same etymon. A usually , been considered the cause of hypo
    treatise on sleep. chondriasis. They are, unquestionably , much
    HYPNOS , Sleep. connected with each other : but there is every
    HYPNOTICUS, Anodyne, Somniferous. reason to believe , that the seat of the affection
    HYPO, ‘ vno , ' under, ' 'sub. ' Hence : is really , though functionally, in the brain.
    Hypo , Hypochondriasis. The disease almost always appears at the adult
    HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum . age, most commonly in irritable individuals ;
    HYPOCAPNISMOS , Fumigation , and, in those exhausted, or rather in the habit
    HYPOCARODES, Subsoporu'tus, fromóvno, of being exhausted, by mental labour, over
    * under,' and xapos, a heavy sleep. ' One whelmed with domestic or public affairs, & c .
    HYPOCHORESIS 369 HYPOPYON

    The treatment is almost entirely moral. The HYPOGLOSSUS, from 'unto, 'under,' and
    condition of the digestive function must, how- yawooa, “ the tongue . ' That which is under the
    ever, be accurately attended to. tongue.
    HYPOCHORESIS, Digestion . The Hypoglossal Nerve , Nerf Hypoglosse
    HYPOCHYMA, Cataract. ou Grand Hypoglosse ,Hypoglossien , ( Ch .,) Lin
    HYPOCHYSIS HÆMATODES, Hæmophe- gual N., Gustutory N., Lingua'lis Mé'dius, is the
    thalmia , ninth pair of nerves of many anatomists. It
    HYPOCISTUS, Cytinus. arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from
    HYPOCLEP'TICUM , from 'urto, ' beneath ,' the grooves,which separate the corpora pyra
    and xiento), I steal . ' A chymical vessel , for- midalia from the C. olivaria ; issues from the
    merly used for separating oil from water. cranium by the foramen condyloideum ante
    HÝPOCOI'LON , from furro, under , ' and rius ; and divides, near the angle of the jaw ,
    xoldov, ' a cavity .' A cavity, situate above the into two branches ; the one the cervica'lis de
    upper eyelid . scen'dens or descen'dens noni. It forms , with
    HYPOCOPHOSIS, Baryecoia , Deafness . the cervical plexus, a large anastomotic arch ,
    HYPOCRA'NIUM , from 'uno , ' under,' and and furnishes brancbes to several of the mus.
    xoariov, “ the cranium .' A collection of pus cles of the neck .
    between the cranium and dura mater. The other, the lingual branch , is the continu
    HYPODERIS , Epideris . ation of the principal trunk , and gives its nu .
    HYPODERMIS , Epideris . merous filaments to the muscles of the tongue
    HYPODESMIS , Bandage . and pharynx. The ninth pair communicates
    HYPOGALA, Hypopyon . motion to the muscles to which it is distributed .
    HYPOGASTRIC , Hypogastricus. Relating HYPOGLU'TIS , from 'uno, " under ,' and
    or belonging to the hypogastrium . you to$ , ' the nates.' The lower and projecting
    The HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY, A. Iliaca inter'na, part of the nates.-Gorræus.
    A. Iliaca posterior, A. pelvienne , - (Ch.) is the HYPO'MIA , from 'uno, under,' and ωμος ,
    more internal of the two branches into which the shoulder.' The projecting part of the
    the primary iliac divides. It descends into the shoulder.--- Castelli, Galen .
    cavity of the pelvis and gives off a considerable HYPOMIA, Axilla .
    number of branches, which arise , at times, se- HYPON'OMOS, Ulcus sublus depas'cens,
    parately , at others,by common trunks. These from turo, under,'and veuw, ' I feed .'. A deep
    branches are , 1. The posterior, i . e. the ilio- fistula orulcer.
    lumbar arteries , lateral , sacral, and gluteal. 2. HYPON’YCHON , from buro , under ,' and
    The anterior, i. e. the umbilical, vesical, and ovn , the nail . ' Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon .
    obturator. 3. The internal, the middle hemor- Effusion of blood under å nail.
    rhoidal arteries, uterine, and vaginal in wo- HYPOPE'DIUM , from furo, under,' and
    men . 4. The inferior, i. e. the ischiatic arte- nous, the foot.' A cataplasm for the sole of
    ries, and internal pudic. the foot.
    The HYPOGASTRIC VEin furnishes nearly the HYPOPH'ASIS , from cuno , ' under, ' and
    same branches. Vaivw , ' appear.' That state of the eyes in
    The Hypogastric Plexus, Plexus sousme- which the white only is seen through the open .
    sentérique of Winslow is situate at the lateral ing of the eyelids.- Hippocrates .
    and posterior parts of the rectum and the bus . HYPOPHLEGMASIA , Subinflammatio.
    fund of the bladder. It is formed by the sacral HYPOPH'ORA , from 'uno, “ under,' and
    nerves and the inferior mesenteric plexus, and 4850), ' I carry.' A fistulous ulcer. — Galen.
    HYPOP
    gives off numerousfilaments, which accompany HTHALMIA , Hypopyon .
    the arteries, that pass to the rectum and geni- HYPOPHTHAL'MION , from uno, ' under,'
    tal organs . and og Ganos , the eye . ' The part under the
    HYPOGASTRIC OPERA'tion of lithotomy, (F.) eye where ædema generally commences in
    Taille hypogastrique. The high operation, or chronic diseases. - Hippocrates.
    that practised above the pubes . HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI , Pituitary gland.
    HYPOGASTRION , Abdomen . AYPOPLEURIOS, Pleura,
    HYPOGAS'TRIUM , Hypogastrion , from HYPOPOʻDIA , from “una, “ under,'and TOUS,
    tuno, ' under,' and yuotre, ' the stomach or bel- ' the foot.' Remedies , as sinapisms,which are
    ly . ' Etron, yroov, Venter imus, V. parvus, applied under the foot.
    Aqualic'ulus, Sumen , Rumen . The lower part HYPOPYON, Hypopyum , Hypophthalmia,
    of the abdomen . The Hypogastric region, Pyophthalmus, Empye'sis Oc'uli, Diapye'sis
    which extends as high as three tingers'breadth oc'uli, Oculus purulentus, Lunell'u, Hypog'ala,
    beneath the ombilicus, is divided into three Hypopyum lacteum , Pyo'sis, Abscessus Oculi,
    secondary regions—one middle or pubic, and Parop' sis Staphylo'ma purulentum ; from 'uno,
    two lateral oringuinal. * under ,' and fluov, ' pus ;' because the pus is
    HYPOGASTROCE'LĒ , from 'urto , ' under,' under the cornea. This name has been given
    yaorre, ' the stomach or belly ,' and xrjan , “ a tu- to small abscesses between the lamine of the
    mour . ' Hernia in the hypogastric region, oc. cornea, as well as to different purulent collec
    curring through the separated fibresof the lower tions in the chambers of the eye; hence, some
    part of the linea alba. pathologists have distinguished Hypopyon of
    HYPOGASTROCELE, Hernia , hypogastric . the chambers, and Hypo' pyon of the Cornea. In
    HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration . abscesses of the chambers, the purulent matter
    HYPOGLOSSIS , Ranula. is mixed with the aqueous humour, which it
    HYPOGLOSSUM , Ruscus hypoglossum , renders turbid ; and is deposited particularly at
    Ranula . the lower part of the eye ; forming behind the
    47
    HYPOPYUM LACTEUM 370 HYSTEROCELE

    cornea a kind of whitish crescent, that rises, membrane or septum , as the mediastinum , dia
    more or less , before the pupil, and closes it phragm , & c .
    entirely or in part. It requires the use of local HYPPOCRAS , Claret.
    and general antiphlogistics, and sorbefacients. HYPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
    At times, it is necessary to puncture the cornea HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
    and evacuate the pus . HYPSOSIS , Sublimation .
    HYPOPYUM LACTEUM, Hypopyon . HYPTIASMA , Supination.
    HYPORIN’ION , from ‘vno, ' under,'and piv, HYPTIAS'MOS , from 'vnteatW , * I lie with
    ' the nose . ' That part of the beard which grows the face upwards. Lying in a supine posture .
    beneath the nose . The mustaches. Also, the Also, inversion of the stomach , as in nausea,
    upper lip. regurgitation , or vomiting . - Hippocrates, Ga
    HYPOSAR'CA ,fromóvrto,“ under,' and oaps,len.
    flesh .' Hyposarcidios. Anasarca (9. v .) In HYSSOP , HEDGE , Gratiola officinalis.
    Linné's and in Cullen's Nosology, it is sy- HYSSOPI"TES . Ancient name of a wine,
    nonymous with Physconia (q. v .) of which Hyssop was the chief ingredient , and
    HYPOSARCIDIOS, Anasarca, Hyposarca. which Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflam .
    HYPOSPA'DIAS , Hypospadia, from ‘uto, mation of the chest. It was regarded as diu
    ' under ,' and onaw , I draw . ' A malformation , retic and emmenagogue .
    in which the canal of the urethra, instead of HYSSO'PUS , from the Hebr . Azob , Cassi'.
    opening at the apex of the glans , terminates at ala, Hyssopus officina'lis, Common hyssop. It
    its base, or beneath the penis, at a greater or has been chiefly used as an aromatic, stimulant,
    less distance from the symphysis pubis. When and pectoral , in the form of infusion.
    the orifice of the urethra is very near the root HYSTERA, «Votsoa, " vote ", " the uterus .'
    of the penis , the scrotum is divided, as it ( q. v.) Hence :
    were , into two great labia ; and this malfor . HYSTERA, Secundines .
    mation has often been taken for a case of her- HYSTERAL/GIA , (F. ) Fortraiture , from
    maphrodism . Hypospadias is ordinarily in- ' votepa, ' the uterus , ' and câyos , ' pain . ' Pain in
    curable ; and an idea has been entertained the uterus. Hippocrates uses the word Hyste
    that it is the cause of impotence. It is not ralges, “votepahyns, for any thing that excites
    exactly so ; but it renders impregnation less uterine pain ; and , especially , for vinegar.
    probable. Hysteralgia Lochialis , Dyslochia.
    HYPOSPHAG'MA , from ' uno , ' under ,' and HYSTERELOSIS , Hysteroloxia.
    opatw, “ I kill. ' The coagulated blood , which Hysteris'mus,
    is collected when an animal killed and used HYSTERIAuteri'na
    is Hypercine'sia , Hystericis'mus,
    ,Utero adscensus, Suffoca
    for food. Also, an effusion of blood, especially tio hyster'ica,Præfoca'tio matri'cis, Syspa'sia
    under the conjunctiva.
    HYPOSPHAGMA, Hæmophthalmia . hysteria, Malum hyster'icum , Vapo'res uteri'ni,
    HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphylædema. Vapours, Hyster'ics, Hystericfit, Af'ec'tio hyster'.
    ica, Passio hysterica , Strungula'tio uteri'na, from
    HYPOS'TROPHE, 'vtootqoyn, change of 'votipa , the uterus. ' ( F.) Hystérie, Mal de
    position , from óvno, and otosyw, ' I turn.' Act Mère , Maladie imaginaire . A species of neuro
    of a patient turning himself, Also , relapse, sis, classed amongst the spasmi by Sauvages
    return of a disease . — Hippocrates, Foësius . and Cullen , and in the Névroses de la généra
    HYPOTH'ENAR , Sub'vola, from ' vito, “ un- tion, by Pinel. It received the name hysteria,
    der,' and gevag, ' the palm of the hand or sole because it was reputed to have its seat in the
    of the foot.' uterus. It generally occurs in paroxysms; the
    The HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE is the fleshy principal characters of which consist in alter
    projection of the palmar surface of the hand, nate fits of laughing and crying, with a sensa
    which corresponds with the little finger, and is tion as if a ball set out from the uterus and as
    supported by the fifth metacarpal bone . This cended towards the stomach, chest, and neck,
    eminence is formed by four muscles: the Pal- producing a sense of strangulation. If the at
    maris brevis, Adductorminimidigiti, Flexor bre. iack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of con
    vis minimi digiti, and Opponens minimi digiti . sciousness ( although the presence of conscious
    The name Hypothenur has also been given to ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy )
    different muscles of the hand. The Hypothe- and convulsions. The duration of the attacks
    nar min'imi dig'iti of Riolan compreliended is very variable. It appears to be dependent
    the Abductor, Flexor brevis and Opponens mini- upon irregularity of nervousdistribution in very
    mi digiti ; and his muscle, Hypothenar pol'licis, impressible persons, and is not confined to the
    corresponded to the Adductor, and a portion of female; for well marked cases of hysteria are
    the Flexor brevis pollicis. Winslow called occasionally met with in men. During the fit :
    muscle petit hypothénar ou hypothénar du petit - dashing cold water on the face ; stimulants,
    doigt, the Adductor minimi digiti. applied to the nose or exhibited internally, and
    HYPOTHENAR MINIMı Digiti, Flexor parvus antispasmodics form the therapeutical agents.
    minimi digiti-h . Minormetacarpeus,Abductor Exercise, tranquillity of mind , amusing and
    minimi digiti-h. Riolani , Flexor parvusminimi agreeable occupations constitute the prophylac
    digiti . s
    tic .
    HYPOTHETON , Suppository. HYSTERICISMUS , Hysteria.
    HYPOTROPE , Relapse . HYSTERICS, Hysteria .
    HYPOTROPIASMOS , Relapse. HYSTÉRIE , Hysteria.
    HYPOUTRION , Abdomen . HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria.
    HYPOZO'MA , from 'vro, under,' and (or- HYSTERITIS , Metritis.
    vome,' I bind round . ' Membrana succin'gens. A HYSTEROCE'LE, from votipa,'thewomb,'
    HYSTERO- CYSTIC 371 ICE
    and xnán, hernia. Hernia of the womb. This HYSTERONCUS, from ' vorega , the ute
    is a rare disease . The womb may protrude rus,' and oyxos, “ tumour. ' A tumour of the
    through the inguinal or the crural canal, or uterus.
    through the lower part of the linea alba. HYSTEROPHYSE , Physometra.
    HYSTEROCELENUDA, Prolapsus uteri. HYSTEROPH'YSIS, from 'votega ,' the ule
    HYSTERO-CYSTIC , Hys'terocysticus, from rus,' and qvon, wind.' Distention of the ute
    ' Votepa, ' the uterus ,' and avotis, the bladder.' rus with air. " Emphysema uteri.
    Relating to the uterus and bladder. Some HYSTEROPSOPHIA , Physometra .
    authors have called Hystero-cystic Retention of HYSTEROPTO'SIS , from ‘ votega, the
    urine, that which is caused by the compression womb,' and TWOIS, fall.' Prolapsus uteri.
    of the bladder by the uterus, during preg . Also Inversio uteri. In a general sense, a pro
    nancy.
    HYSTERO -CYSTOCELE, from « VOT Qa , cresc trusioences
    n of any
    fromofthem genitthe
    the into organsl passa
    al genita ex
    or of ges:
    " the womb ,' XVOTIS, the bladder,' and unan , a Ædoptosis .
    tumour.' Hernia of the uterus complicated HYSTEROPtosis, Prolapsus uteri — h . Vagina
    with displacement ofthe bladder.
    HYSTEROID , Hystero'des. Hysteroi'des , prolaps HYSTE us,ROSTO
    Prolapsus MATOM
    vaginæ US
    . , from ' votipa ,
    from kysteria ,' and sidos, ' resemblance .' Re- the womb ,' otoua , orifice ,' and Teuvely , to
    sembling hysteria ;—as a hysteroid disease , cut.' An instrument invented by Coutouly, for
    symptom , & c .
    HYSTEROLOX'IA, Hystereld'sis, Obliq'uitas deliver dividingimmedia , aswhen
    uteri,
    the ostely it is important to
    in cases
    u'teri, Situs obli' quus uteri, Flexio seuversio in- HYSTEROTOMATOCIA , of convu
    Cæsar secs.
    eanlsion
    comple'ta uteri,' Inclina'tio uteri, Metrolox'ia , tion .
    Uterus Obliquus, U. Inclina'tus; from 'votega, HYSTEROTOMIA, Cæsarean section.
    the uterus,' and logos, oblique .' An oblique HYSTEROTOMUS, from "VOTEga , ' the
    position of the uterus, occurring during preg- womb ,' and tepivelv, 'to cut. ' An instrument
    nancy. Anteversion of the uterus, Hysterolox'ia for dividing the womb by the vagina . It is a
    anterior, Antever 'sio u'teri, Prona'tiouteri, Ven- kind of Bistouri caché, and is intended to divide
    ter propendens; and Retroversion of the uterus, the cervix uteri .
    Hysteroloz'ia posterior, Retrover'sio uteri, Re- HYSTRIASIS , Hystriciasis.
    flex'io uteri completa ,are varieties.
    HYSTEROMALÁCIA , Hysteramalaco'sis, trici HYST RICIASIS , Hystriasis, Hys'trix, Hys
    smus,Cerostro's
    Malaco'sis uteri, Putrescen'tia uteri gravidi, "votipis, a hedgehogis,orTrich porcuo'sis
    pine.seto's
    ' A a, frome
    diseas
    from " votega , ' the uterus,' and padavia, " soft ofthe hairs, in which they stand erect likethe
    ness.' Softness of the uterus,
    duri
    which renders it liable to ruptu renginpregn
    labouancy,
    r. quills
    HYSofaTRIporcu pine. Hystriciasis.
    CISMUS,
    HYSTEROMANIA , Nymphomania .
    HYSTRIX , Hystriciasis.

    I.
    IAMATOLOGY, Materia medica. IATROCHYMIA , Chymiatria , Chemistry,
    IASIMOS , Curable. medical.
    IASIS , Curation .
    IATERIA , Medicina. IATRO - MATHEMATICAL PHYSI .
    IATRALEP'TES or IATRALEIPÄTES, CIAN
    IATR MechaM'IC
    S, OGNO physi
    nical A ciansgnom'
    , Iatro . ice; from
    Iatralip'ta, Medicus Unguenta'rius; from largos, largos, 'a physician ,' and yevwoxw , 'I know . '
    " a physician ,' and aluqw, ' I anoint.' One who a knowledge of medical objects. - Hufeland.
    treats diseases by unguents , frictions, and by IATRON, latrion .
    external means generally: Prodicus, a disciple IATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical.
    of Æsculapius ,wasthe chief of the latraleptes. IATROS , Physician .
    IATRALEIPTICE , ιατραλειπτικη τεχνη, IATROTECHNICE , Medicina, Therapeu
    Iatraleiptic method, sameetymon. The method tics.
    of treating diseases adopted by the Latraleiptes, IBERIS, Lepidium iberis - i. Sophia, Carda
    that is, by friction chiefly.
    mine pratensis.
    IATRÉU'SIS, vatgevois, The exercise of the IBIC Becui
    UIBA, ba, or Becuiba nuz. A spe .
    healing art.
    IATRICE, Medicina . cies of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of
    JATRI'NE, vatgivn , a female practitioner of which
    IBISis
    , 1Bıç. A amongs
    ranked t balsami
    bird held sacred byc remedie
    the Ægyps.
    medicine .
    tians . When sick, it is asser ted , that
    IATREUSIOLO GIA , from LaTQEVOIŞ, ' the wont to inject the water of the Nile into itsit funwas
    exercise of the art of healing , and loyos , ' a dament; whence, according to Langius, was
    description. The doctr exerc
    ine ofthe ise of learnedthe use of glysters.
    the healing art . - Reil.
    IATRI'ÓN , latre'on , latron . The house of IBISCHA
    IBIX UMAMIS MÁL
    , Sapon . Althoa.
    ariaVA,
    afeephysi cian or surgeon. Also, the physician's
    or honorariun
    ICE, Glacies, Frozen water . (F.) Glace. Iced
    water is much used internally, as the best re
    ICE- COLD 372 IDIOTISM

    frigerant in fever. It is, also, applied exterpally, and produces the yellowness of surface ; the
    in cases of external iniammation , as well as in bile being separated by the kidneys causing
    phrenitic , and hernial affections, & c . yellowness of urine , and its being prevented
    ICE -COLD, Icy cold , ( F.) Froid glacial. A from reaching the intestine, occasioning the
    very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared pale.coloured fæces. The Prognosis,in ordinary
    by the patient to that which would be produced cases, is favourable ; - whencomplicated with
    by the application of pieces of ice . hepatic disease , unfavourable.
    ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF . The treatment is simple :-an emetic or be
    Hot springs are found in every part of Iceland. purgative , given occasionally so as to elicit the 理
    The most noted of these is one called Geyser , return of the bile to its ordinary channels ; 13

    two days' journey from Hecla, and near Skal. light lonics ; unirritating diet ; cheerful com
    holt. The diameter of the basin is 59 leet ; and (pany, & c.
    the height, to which the water is thrown, often The ICTERUS INFAN'TUM or Yellono gum , i
    more than 100. The heat of the water is 2120. Pædict'erus, Auri'go ncophyto'rum , (F.) Ictère
    ICEPLANT, Mesembryanthemum crystalli. des nouveau -nés is a common affection and fre TE
    num . quently dependent upon obstruction of the
    ICHOR, Sanies , (q . o .) Sordes, Virus, Pus choledoch duct , by the meconium . It requires
    malig'num , Tabum. A thin , aqueous,and acrid time ; and castor oil , occasiopaily.
    discharge . I CTERUS ALBUS, Chlorosis - i. Melas , Me.
    ICHOROIDES, Ichorous. læna .
    ICH'OROUS, Íchoru'sus, Ichoroïdes. Be. ICTODES FETIDUS, Dracontium fæti
    longing to or resembling ichor. dum .
    ICHTHYOCOL'LA , from yous, a fish ,' ICTUS. A stroke or blow ; Plege, Plaga ,
    and xolla, ' glue. Colla Piscium , I'singlass, Ictus solis, a stroke of the sun. See Coup de
    Fish glue. ( F.) Icthyocolle, Colle de Poisson. soleil. Ictus, also , means the pulsation of an
    A name given to the dried fish bladder of the artery ; and the sting of a bee or other insect. 1
    Acipen'ser huso, which is almost wholly com- Ictus , Blow-i. Cordis et arteriarum , Pulse
    posed of gelatine, and is employed in medi. -i. Solis , Coup de soleil. 1
    cine in the formation of nutritive jellies. It IDE'A , Idolum , idea, Ideach ( ? Paracelsus ) 10
    is, also, occasionally , used in anatomical in- Eldea . ( F.) Idée. The image or representation
    jections. The English Court Plaster is made of an object in the mind , from &1dw, ' I see.'
    with it. IDEACH , Idea. lo
    ICHTHYOPH' AGIST , Icthyophagus, from IDÉE, Idea. lc
    199us, ' a fish ,' and gayo , ' I eat.' People , who IDENTITY ( PERSONAL) , Iden'titas,
    feed habitually on fish ;-generally the most Sameness. It is sometimes a question in legal
    uncivilized of mankind. medicine to decide upon personal identity ; that
    ICHTHYO'SIS, from 1790s , ' a fish ,' from is, whether an individual is the saine he repre
    the resemblance of the scales to those of a fish sents himself to be. Physical marks form the lo
    -Lepido'sis Ichthyiusis, Lepra Ichthyo'sis, Le great crit eria .
    pido'sis Ichthyo'sis, Fishskin. A perinanently IDEOL'OGY , Ideologia, from adw ,' I see ,'
    sh y e es
    har , dry, scal , and, in som cas , alm ost and 2oyo , ' a discourse .' The science of ideas.
    s
    horny texture of the integuments of the bod y ,Intellectual phiMA
    losophy .
    unconnected with internal disorder . Willan IDIO -MIAS TA . See Miasm .
    and Bateman have two varieties , I. simplex , IDIOCRASIS , Idiosyncrasy.
    and I. cornea . Alibert has three , the I. nacrée IDIOCTONIA , Suicide .
    or pearly , the I. cornée, and the 1. pellagre or IDIOPATUL'A or IDIOPATHEIA , Pro . is
    ET
    pellagru. topathi'a, Pro'prius affec'lus, from idios, ' pecu IG
    Ichthyosis PelLAGRA, Pellagra. liar, proper , ' and nulos , an affection . A
    I'CICA ARACOUCH'NI. Aracouchini is a primary disease ; one not depending on any
    balsam extracted, by incision , from this tree other . 11
    in Guyana. Thé Galibis use it for healing IDIOPATH'IC , Proprio hab'itû , Constitu
    wounds . tio'ne pro'priâ pendens, Idiopath'icus. Primary
    ICTÈRE, Icterus - i. Bleu , Cyanopathy-i. affections and their symptoms are so denomi
    des Nouveau-nés, Icterus Infantum - i. Noire, nated .
    Melæna . IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idiosyncrasis, Idiotro'.
    ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis—i. Rubea, phia , Idioc'rasis, Idiosyncrisiä , from idios , ' pe.
    Erysipelas - i. Rubra, Erysipelas. culiar,' ovv, ‘ with ,' and xoanis, ' temperament.'
    IC'TERUS, Id terus flavus, I. verus, from A peculiarity of constitution , in which one per
    ixtis , a species of weasel, whose eyes are yelo son is affected by an agent, which , in numer
    low . Morbus arcua'tus vel arqua'tus, Auru'go, ous others , would produce no effect. Thus
    Aurigo, Morbusregius, Morbus lute'olus, Cho- shellfish , bitter almonds, produce urticaria in
    lelith'ia id terus,Choliha'mia, Suffu'sio aurigino- some, by virtue of their idiosyncrasies. Others
    sa , Il'eus flurus, 1. Icteroides, Cuchca'ia icter'ica, faint at the sight of bloud, &c.
    Fellis suff'u'sio, Fellis obstructio, F Superfusio , ID IOT, Idio'ta, foolish , stupid , ignorant.
    Jaundice, (F.) Ictère, Jaunisse, Bile répandue. One who is fatuous or who does not possess
    A disease, the principal symptom of which is sufficient intellectual faculties for the social
    yellowness of the skin and eyes, with white condition , and for preserving himself from
    feces and high-coloured urine. It admits of danger.
    various causes ; any thing which , in fact, can IDIOTISM , IDIOCY, IDIOTCY, Idiotis '.
    directly or indirectly obstructthe course of the mus. Same etymon . Mo'ria demens Ana'a,
    bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood Moʻria, Moro'sis, Fatu'itas, Amen'tia . A spe
    IDIOTROPHIA 373 ILEX AQUIFOLIUM

    cies of unsound mind , characterized by more or tebral L. , Vertebro- Iliac L., is a broad , membra
    less complete obliteration of the intellectual and niform , triangular ligament, extending hori
    moral faculties. It may superveneon mania and zontally from the transverse process of the 5th
    melancholia, when it is termed Dementia , but lumbar vertebra to the upper and posterior part
    more commonly depends upon original confor- of the iliac crest. It unites the vertebral column .

    mation. It may, also, be symptomatic of organic with the pelvis.


    disease of the brain , which has come on after IL'EON , Il'eum , Eileon , Intesti'num circum
    birth. Idiotism exists in various degrees. Some volu'tum, from theiv, “ to turn ,'' to twist.' Ana
    idiots are mere automata ; exhibiting scarcely tomists have given this name to the longest
    any sensibility to external impressions; others portion of the small intestine , which extends
    are capable of articulating a few words and pos- from the jejunum to the cæcum . It was so
    seys certain mental emotions to a limited extent. called , from its forming a considerable number
    The physiognomy is usually vacant ; step un- of convolutions.
    steady, and articulation imperfect or broken. ILEOSIS , lleus .
    The affection is almost always incurable . ILES, Flanks.
    IDIOTROPHIA , Idiosyncrasy. ILEUS, Eit'eos , from kleu ) , ' I twist or con
    IDOLUM , Hallucination, Idea. tract. ' Colica lleus, Colica spasmodica , lleus
    IF, Taxus baccata. spasmodicus, Chordap'sus, Passio Iliaca , —the
    IFFIDES , Plumbi subcarbonas . Viac Passion , Volvulus, Ileo'sis, Misererë mei,
    IGNA'TIA AMA'RA. The systematic name Convolvulus, Tormen'tum . (F.). Colique de
    of the plant, which affords St. Ignatius's Bean. Miséricorde. A disease, characterized by deep
    Faba In'dica, Faba Sancti Ignatii, Fuba febrif"- seated pain of the abdomen, stercoraceous vo
    uga. ( F.) Ignatie, Féve de Saint Ignace. The miting, and obstinate constipation. It is often
    seeds are bitter and poisonous ; containing occasioned by hernia obstructing the passage
    Strychnine , which see . of the fæces through a part of the intestinal
    IGNATIE , Ignatia amara. canal. The term lleus has been applied to va
    IGNAVIA , Inertia. rious affections- to simple nervous colic , in
    IGNIS , fire . Hence : tussusception , and to strangulation of the small
    IGNIS CAL'IDUS . " A hot fire .' A violent intestine, & c. Various remedies have been
    inflammation, about to degenerate into gan- employed ;-the majority for the purpose of
    grene . procuring alvine evacuations : e . g . purgatives,
    Ignis Frig'idus. ' A cold fire ;' a sphacelus. in draught, pill , or glyster ; suppositories, to
    Ignis PERSICUS, Anthrax, Herpes zoster - i. bacco glysters; pure mercury; leaden bullets ;
    Sacer , Erysipelas, Herpes zoster-i . Sancti An- antispasmodics and narcotics ; blisters to the
    tonii, Erysipelas. epigastrium ; ice by the mouth or injected into
    IGNIS SAPIENTIUM . The ancient name for the rectum . Some of these have, occasionally ,
    the heat of horses ' dung. succeeded , -especially the tobacco glyster , and
    Ignis Sylvat'icus, 1. sylvestris, I. volaticus, ice to the tumour, where the disease has been
    1. rola'grius, Stroph'ulus sylves'tris, S. volat'i- occasioned by strangulated hernia. It is very
    cus. ( F.), Feu sauvage, F. volage. Probably , dangerous.
    the Porri'go larva'lis or crusta lactea of intants. Ileus Flavus , Icterus—i . Icteroides, Icte
    Also, a transient redness of the face and neck , rus .
    sometimes observed in hysterical and chlorotic ILEX AQUIFO’LIUM . The systematic
    females. name of the Common Holly, Aquifo'lium , Agri
    Ignis SYLVESTRIS , I. sylvaticus-i. Volagrius, foʻlium. ( F.) Hour, H. commun ou Chêne vert.
    I. sylvaticus-i . Volaticus, I. sylvaticus. The leaves of this plant have been recom
    IGNIVORUS, Pyrophagus. mended as tonic , astringent, and antiseptic,
    IGNYE , Poples. and have been prescribed in atonic gout ; in
    IGNYS , Poples. termittents ; dyspepsia, &c . The Ilicine or ac
    ILAPAIS , Arctium lappa. tive principle has also been advised . It is ob
    ILECH , Y'lech, Ilei'as, Iliaster, Ylia'ter, tained by dissolving the alcoholic extract of the
    Elias'ter, Ilias'trum , llei'ados, llei'dos, llei'- leaves of the holly in water, and successively
    adum , Ili'adus. Terins, used by Paracelsus to treating it with the subacetate of lead, sulphu
    designate the first matier :—the beginning of ric acid, and carbonate of lime. The filtered
    every thing. and evaporated product is then dissolved in al
    ILEIADOS , llech . cohol: the mixture filtered and evaporated in
    ILEIADUM , Ilech. shallow vessels .
    ILETAS , Ilech . Ilex Major . From the berries of this tree ,
    ILEIDOS , llech . called by the Spaniards , Bellotas, a juice may
    ILEO.DICLIDITE . See Typhus . be expressed , which forms a slightly astringent
    ILEO - LUMBAR , Ileo -lumba'lis, or llio -lum- emulsion with water, and has been recommend.
    balis. Belonging to the ilium and lumbar re - ed by some Spanish physicians in humid cough ,
    gion . hæmoptysis, &c .
    The ILEO-LUMBAR or ILIO- LUMBAR ARTERY , ILEX Vomito'RIA , ILEX Casi'ne, Cassi'na ,
    Niaco -mus'cular (Ch.) , is given off by the hy. Dahoon holly , Apalachine Gallis , South -Sea Tea ,
    pogastric , opposite the base of the sacrum . It Ev'ergreen, Cassi'ne, Cassee'na, Yaupon , Yo
    ascends behind the psoas muscle , and divides pon . (F:) Thé des Apalaches, Hour Apalachine,
    into two branches ;-an ascending and trans- Apalachine, Thé de la Mer du Sud . A tree , in
    digenous in the southern parts of the United
    verse, which give off numerous ramifications to States.
    the neighbouring parts. The leaves , when dried, are aromatic ,
    The Ileo-LUMBAR LIG'AMENT, Ilio -lumborer'- stimulant, stomachic, and expectorant, and are
    ILIA 374 ILLEGITIMATE

    used as tea . When fresh, they are emetic and internal and external. The Iliac Region is the
    cathartic . side of the abdomen between the ribs and the
    The ILEX PARAGUEN'sis, a native of Para- hips.
    guay, affords the celebrated Mattee, or Maté, The ILIACA INTER'NA Minor vel lio - lumbalis
    drunk in place of the Chinese tea by the people is a small artery, which sometimes arises from EL
    of Paraguay the hypogastric; at others, from the beginning
    ILIA , Flanks. of the gluteal. It is sent, chiefly , to the psoas AN

    ILIAC, Iliacus, from Ilia ,' the flanks. Re- and iliacus internus muscles.
    lating to , or connected with, the flanks. ILIADUS, Ilech.
    The Iliac Fosse are two in number : the ILIASTER, Iech. Pop
    internal , the depression-presented by the ilium ILIASTRUM , llech.
    on its interior, and at the upper part - in which ILINGOS , Vertigo. for
    the Iliacus internus is lodged :-and the exter- ILIO -ABDOMINAL, Obliquus internus ab
    nal, an excavation on the outer surface of the dominis—i. Aponédrosi-fémoral, Fascia lata I
    same bone, occupied by the Glutei muscles. muscle - i. Costal, Quadratus lumborum-i. 1
    The Iliac Crest, Cristallii, is the upper Cresti-tibial, Sartorius - i. Femoral, Coxo- femo 1
    margin of the ilium . ( F.) Crête Iliaque . It is ral - i. Ischii-trochantérien ,Glutæus minimus Dis
    very thick, and curved like the italic 's. It af- i . Lombo -costo- abdominal, Obliquus internus ab I
    fords attachment to the broad muscles of the dominis — i. Lumbalis , Ileo -lumbar, lliaca in I
    abdomen . terna minor arteria - i. Lumbi- costal Quadratus
    The Iliac Spines, or Spinous Prod'esses of lumborum - i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo fort
    the Ilium , are four in number. They are dis- lumbar ligament – i. Prétibial, Sartorius - i.
    tinguished into anterior and posterior. Of the Pubo-costo-abdominal , Obliquus externus abdo
    anterior , one is superior. It bounds the crista minis—i. Rotulien, Rectus femoris - i. Sacral i
    ilii anteriorly, and affords origin to the sarto- articulation , Sacro-iliac articulation - i. Sacro
    rius muscle. The other is inferior, and re- fémoral, Glutæus major-i. Trochantérien , Glu .
    ceives the tendinous origin of the rectus fe- tæus medius—i. Trochantérien petit, Glutæus
    moris. minimus. li
    The two PostE'RIOR ILIAC SPINES are di- ILIO.PECTINEA , belonging to the ilium
    vided , like the anterior, into superior and in- and to the pecten or pubis.
    ferior. They afford insertion to strong liga- The LINEA ILIO- PECTINEA , or Linea inno
    ments, which unite the ilium with the sa - mina'ta, is the projecting line or ridge of the
    crum . ilium and pubis, which forms part of the brim
    ILIACO - TROCHANTÉRIEN , Iliacus inter- of the pelvis.
    nus . The İlio - PECTINEAL EMINENCE is so called ,
    ILIACUS, 1. internus—i. Externus, Pyrami- from being formedby the junction of the ramus
    dalis . of the ilium with that of the pubis. Jt affords
    The Iliacus INTER'NUS MUSCLE, Iliacus, attachment to the psoas minor.
    Niaco- trochantérien ( Ch .) ; Femur moven'tium ILIO- SCROTAL, Ilio -scrota'lis. Professor
    sep'timus, Iliac muscle, is situate in the fossa Chaussier calls thus the external twig, fur .
    iliaca, and at the anterior and superior part of nished by the anterior branch of the first lum.
    the thigh . It is broad , radiated, triangular ; bar pair of nerves, It distributes its ramifica .
    and is attached, above, to the two 'upper inirds tions to the muscles of the abdomen, and to
    of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part of the integuments of the groin, pubes, and scro
    . , Ilium , Haunch Bone. The largest of
    the iliac crest :-below, it terminates by a ten- tumILION
    don, which is common to it and the psoas mag
    nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. the three bones ,which constitute the os inno
    When this muscle contracts, it bends thepel- minatum in the fætus and child . It was pro ber
    vis on the thigh, and conversely . It is also a ro- bably so called , from its seeming to support the
    tator of the thigh outwards, and prevents the intestine ileon ; or, perhaps, because its crest is 07
    trunk from falling backwards . curved upon itself, from sinew , I twist, ' ' I roll . '
    Iliac AR'TERIES, Arteria Iliace . This term This portion of the os innominatum is usually 1
    has been given to several arteries. The Pri- so called in the adult. The posterior surface is
    mary Iliacs,( F.) A. lliaques primitives,- Pelvi. called Dorsum , the internal Venter. The upper
    crurales, ( Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of the semicircular edge is the Crista or Spine : at the
    aorta, opposite the body of the 4th lumbar ver- anterior part of which is the anterior and su
    tebra, and descend , in a divergent manner ; perior spinous process ; and, below , the anterior
    until, opposite the sacro- iliac symphysis, they and inferior spinous process. At the back part
    divide into two considerable trunks,-the in- of the spine are two spinous processes, the pos
    ternal iliac or Hypogastric (which see) and the terior and superior, and posterior and inferior.
    external iliac - Portion Iliaque de la crurale,(Ch .) SeeIliac.
    This proceeds from the sacro- iliac juncture as ILITHYÏA, & ideiduia, Lucina , Juno Lucina. 1
    far as the crural arch , when it assumes the name The Goddess who presided over parturient 是
    Femoral Artery. Before passing under the arch , females, with the Greeks and Romans.
    it gives off two pretty considerable branches , ILLACHRYMATIO , Epiphora.
    the Epigastric and the Circumflexa Ilii. This ILLECEBRA, Sedum - i. Major, Sedum
    last, which is called , also, anterior Iliac by telephium .
    some anatomists ,-Circonflere de l'Ilium ; (Ch .) ILLEGITIMATE, Illegitimus, from in,
    leaves the externaliliac at the crural arch. It negation or opposition,' and legitimus, ' legiti
    ascends along the outer edge of the iliacus mate ;' from lex, legis, law . That which is
    muscle , and divides into two branches, -- an contrary to law ; which has not the conditions
    ILLICIUM ANISATUM 375 INANITION

    required by law ,-as an illegitimate birth—one IMPETI'GO , from im 'peto ,' I infest.' Darla ,
    out of wedlock, and admitting of medico-legal Der'bia , Im'petus, Peli'go, Ecpye'sis impeti'go,
    discrimination . Phlysis impetigo, Running Scall or Tetter , ( F.)
    Illegitimate or BASTARD FEVERS are those , Dartre. A word, used in various acceptations.
    whose progress is anomalous. In some writers , it is synonymous with itch .
    ILLICIUM ANISA'TUM , Yellow -flow'ered In others, it means a variety of herpes. Sau
    An'iseed Tree ; Ani'sum stella'tum , Anisum Si- vages employs it as a generic term , under
    nen'se, Semen Badian, (F.) Anis de la Chine A. which he comprises syphilis, scorbutus , rachi
    eloilé , Badiane. Fam . Magnoliaceæ; Sez. Syst. tis, elephantiasis, lepra, the itch, tinea,scrofula ,
    Polyandria Polygynia. The seeds are used &c. It forms, also, a genus in the class Ca
    like the aniseed. The same tree is supposed to cheriæ of Cullen . In Bateman, it is the first
    furnish the aromatic bark, called Cortex Anisi genus of the 5th order, Pustulæ, and is defined
    Stellati, or Corter Larola. -the humid running
    or tetter; consisting of
    ILLITIO , Inunction. small pustules , denominated Psydracia . It is
    ILLOS, Eye. unaccompanied by fever; not contagious , or
    ILLO'SIS, wois, from uloş, " the eye.' communicable by inoculation . He has five
    Distortion of the eyes . Strabismus, (q . v. ) species:-the I. figura'ta , 1. sparsa, I. erysipe
    ILLUSION , Hallucination. lato'des, I. scal'ida, and I. rodens. See Psori
    ILLUSTRATIO , Ilutamentum . asis.
    ILLUTAMENTUM , Illuta'tio . An ancient IMPETIGO PELLAGRA , Pellagra - i. Ulcerata,
    form for a topical medicine, with which the Zerna.
    limbs of wrestlers and others were rubbed, IMPETUS, Impetigo , Paroxysm.
    especially after bathing. - Baccius. IMPLIC " ITI MORBI, Implica'ti , complica'li
    ILLUTA’TIO , from in , upon ,'and lutum, M. Diseases , which exist in an organ ; and
    mud .' A word used, by the ancients, for the produce , concurrently, disorder of the same
    act of covering any part of the body with mud, function .
    with therapeutical views. IMPLUVIUM , Embrocation .
    IMAGINA'TION , Imaginatio, Figura'tio, IMPOSTHUME, Abscess .
    Phantasia, Dianoe'ma, from ima' go , image .' IM'POTENCE , Acrati'a, Impoten'tia , (F. )
    The faculty of forming in the mind an assem- Impuissance. Loss of power over one or more
    blage of images and combinations of ideas, of the members.
    which are not always in connexion with ex- Commonly, it means want of sexual vigour ;
    ternal objects. incapacity for copulation, Asty'sia , Asyno'dia ,
    IMBALSAMATION, Embalming. Adynumia virilis. It has, also, been used sy
    IMBECIL'ITY , Imbecillitas . Weakness, nonymously with sterility. Impotence may be
    especially of the intellect. absolute or relative, constitutional or local, direct
    IMBER'BIS. One devoid of beard . or indirect , permanent or temporary .
    IMBIBITIO , Absorption . IMPOTENTIA , Adynamia .
    IMBIBI'TION, Imbibi''tio, Emp'tosis, En- IMPOV'ERISHED, Effe'tus, Depaupera'tus,
    dosmose, (q . v.) Aspiration , from imbib'ere, ' to ( F.) Appauvri. Having become poor. ' The
    drink , to imbibe .' The action,by which a body Humorists applied this epithet to a humour,
    becomes penetrated by a liquid. See Endos- deprived of a part of its constituents, and parti
    mose . Many of the phenomena of absorption cularly to the blood . This fluid was considered
    are owing to imbibition . to be impoverished, when it was pale ; without
    IMBREX NARIUM , Septum narium. the proper consistence ; and abounding in
    IMMERSUS, Subscapularis muscle . serum . It was , on the contrary, rich , in their
    IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia . Some authors opinion, when of a scarlet colour ; possessing
    have designated , by this term , the period which consistence ; when it coagulated promptly, and
    precedes the invasion of a disease ; and when the quantity of serum , compared with that of
    certain indications foretell its approach. the clot, was by no means considerable . There
    IMMISSOR , Catheter. is truth in these ideas .
    IMPRÆGNATIO , Pregnancy.
    IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia - i. Pupillæ , Am-
    aurosis. IMPREGNATION, Fecundation.
    IMMOVABLE APPARATUS. See Appa- IMPRESSION , Impres'sio , Pros'bolē, (F. )
    ratus Immovable. Empreinte. A more or less deep indentation
    IMPAC’TION , Impac'tio, from impin'gere, which certain organs seem to make on others .
    "to strike against. ' A fracture of the cranium , The inequalities observable on the bones: and
    ribs, or sternum, with depression of some of the which appear to be made by the suprajacent
    fragments and projection of others externally. organs.
    See Ecpiesma. Dig''ITAL IMPRES'Sions , are the depressions
    IMPEDIMENTUM , Emphragma. of various forms, observable at the inner sur
    IMPERATORIA , 1. Ostru'thium , Ostru- face of the cranium , which look , at first view ,
    thium , Astran'tia , Magistran'tia , Masterwort, as if they were made with the fingers.
    (old Fr.) Austruche. The roots of this plant were IMPUBER, Impu'bes, Impu'bis, Ane'bus,
    formerly considered a divinum remedium. They from in, 'negation, and puber'las, ' puberty ,
    are merely aromatic and bitter , and are not used. ( F. ) Impubère. One who has not attained the
    IMPERFORA'TION , Imperfora'tio, Atresia, age of puberty .
    Atretis'mus, Cap'etus. Absence of a natural IMPUBES, Impuber.
    aperture ; as, of the mouth , anus, vulva, nos- IMPUISSANCE , Impotence .
    trils , &c . It is congenital, being dependent INANI'TION , Inani''tio, Inan'itas, from
    upon faulty conformation , inarire, to empty . Ceno'sis. Exhaustion for
    INAPPETENTIA 376 INCUBUS

    want of nourishment. To die from inanition INCITABILITY , Irritability .


    is-to die from such exhaustion . INCITAMENTUM , Stimulus. 1

    INAPPETENTIA , Anorexia . INCITATIO , Stimulus.


    INARTICULATIO , Enarthrosis. INCLAVATIO , Gomphosis.
    INAURA'TION , Inaura'tio, from in and INCLINATIO , Decline .
    aurum , ' gold .' The gilding of pills or boluses. INCLUSION , MONSTROSITY BY, Em
    INCANTAMENTUM , Charm . boulement.
    INCANTA'TION , Incanta'tio , Incantamen'- INCLUSUS , Wedged .
    tum , Ep'odē . A mode of curing diseases by INCOMPATIBLE , from in , ' negation,' and
    charms, & c., defended by Paracelsus, Van Hel- compet'ere, to agree.' A substance, which $
    mont, and others. cannot be prescribed with another, without in
    INCARCERATIO, Chatonnement. te fering with its chemical composition or me
    INCARCERATION , Incarceratio, from in, dicinal activity .
    in , ' and carcer, “prison. A hernia is said to be INCONTINEN’TIA ,from in, 'negation,'and
    incarcerated, when , owing to constriction about contineo, ' I contain .' ' Incontinence. Inability
    the neck of the hernial sac or elsewhere , it can to retain the natural evacuations. Abuse of the
    not be reduced with facility. 1. is sometimes pleasures of love.
    used in the same sense as strangulation. INCONTINENTIA URINÆ , Enuresis .
    INCAR'NANS , Incarnati'ous, Sarco'ticus , INCORPORATION , Incorpora'tio, Corpora'.
    Plerot'icus, Anapleroticus. Medicines, which tio, Ensomato'sis. An operation, by which me
    were fancied to promote the regeneration of the dicines are mixed with soft or liquid bodies, in
    flesh . Certain bandages and the sutures have , order to give them a certain consistence . Also ,
    also, been so called . the thorough admixture of various substances. D
    INCEN’DIUM , from incen 'dere, ' to burn. ' INCRAŠSANTIA , Incrassati'va, Inviscan'
    Pyrca'a, averard, Causis, Phlogo'sis . A burn- tia, Spissan'tia, Ecpýc'tica, Condensantia, Pa
    ing fever or any burning heat. - Incen'dium chyn'tica , Pycnot'ica. Medicines, which were
    febri'le, Incen'sio . - Willis. Inflammation, (q. v.) formerly believed to possess the power of thick
    Phlegmon , (9. v .) ening the humours, when too thin . All muci D
    INCENDIUM SPONTANEUM ,Combustion human. laginous substances were so regarded.
    INCESSIO, Incendium . ÎNCRASSATIVA , Incrassantia.
    INCERATION , Incera'tio, Encero'sis , eyxn- INCREASE , Incremen'tum , Auxe'sis from
    quois, from cera, ' wax.' The act of incor- in, and cres'cere, to grow.' (F.) Accroissement. 3
    porating wax with soine other body ; or rather , Auginentation of the size or weight of a body,
    ihat operation whose object is to communicate by the application of new molecules around
    to a dry substance the consistence of wax . those which already exist.
    INCERNIC'ULUM , from incer'nere, ' to siſt .' INCREMENTUM , Augmentation , Increase .
    A strainer or sieve . INCRUCIATIO , Decussation .
    INCESSIO , Bath , half , Semicupium. INCRUSTA'TION , Incrusta'tio, Coniasis.
    INCESSUS, Walking. The act of forming a crust on the surface of a
    INCIDENTIA , from incid'cre, ' to cut.' (F.) body , as well as the crust itself. Also , the cal 1
    Incisifs. This name was formerly given to careous deposits or cartilaginous plates, which
    medicines to which was attributed the property sometimes form in organs .
    of cutting thick or coagulated humours. The INCUBA'TION , Incuba'tio, from incuba're,
    fixed alkalies , hydrosulphurets of alkalies, sul. ' to lie upon .' This word , which is used in na
    phurous water, &c . were considered to belong tural history for the sitting of birds upon their h용
    to this class . eggs, is employed, figuratively, in medicine for
    INCISIFS, Incidentia. the period that elapses between the introduc
    INCISIO , Cut . lion of a morbific principle into the animal
    INCISION , Incisio, Encopē, Incisu'ra, Tomē , economy and the invasion of the disease.
    ( F.) Taillade. A methodical division of the IN CỦBUS. Same etymon. Epiaľtes, Ephi
    soft parts , with a cutting instrument. aľtes nocturnus, Ephial'tes, Epilep'sia nocturna ,
    INCISIVE , Incisi'vus ; same etymon . The Asthma noctur'num , Pnigalion, Succubus, Onei
    Fossa incisiva , F.myrtifor'mis,is a depression rodyn'ia gradins, Erethis'mus oneirod yn'ia ,
    in the superior maxillary bone, above the in- Noctur'na oppressio, Epil'olē, Nightmare, (F.)
    cisor teeth . Cauchemar, Cauchevieille, Cochemar, Oneiro
    The INCISIVE or Incisor TEETH ,Den'tes in. dynie gravutite. A sensation of a distressing,
    cisores, tom'ici, ctenes, dichasteres, gelasini, weight at the epigastrium during sleep, and of
    primo'res, raso'rii. The teeth which occupy impossibility of motion, speech, or respiration ;
    the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws the patient at lengih awaking in terror, after
    are so called , because they are used for cutting extreme anxiety. The nightmare is , often , the
    the food in the manner of cutting instruments. effect of difficult digestion or of an uneasy po
    INCISIVUS , MUSCULUS, Levator labii sition of the body. At other times , it occurs in
    superioris proprius-i . inferior, Levator labii consequence of severe emotions. The sensa
    inferioris – i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator tion of suffocation was formerly ascribed to the
    labii superioris alæque nasi — i. Medius, Depres- person's being possessed , and the male spirits
    sor alæ nasi. were called incubes - the female , succubes. The
    INCISORIUM , Tomi'on. An operating table. causes
    disease must
    requires no particular treatment. The
    be avoided .
    A scalpel , ( q . v . )
    INCISURES DE SANTORINI, Santorini , Incubus Vigilan'TIUM , Ephialtes vigilan'
    fissures of tium, E.hypochondriaca . This is produced during
    INCISURA , Incision . wakefulness; the sense of pressure being severe 團
    INCUNABULA 377 INFARCTUS INTESTINORUM

    and extending over the abdomen ; respiration INDIGO, FAUX,Galega officinalis -- i. Weed
    frequent, laborious, and constricted; eyes fixed; Sophora tinctoria - i. Wild , Sophora tinctoria .
    sighing, deep and violent ; intellect undisturbed. INDIGOFERA, Sophora tinctora - i. Anil,
    INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes. see Indigo - i. Argentea, see Indigo - i. Tincto
    INCUNEATIO . See Wedged . toria , see Indigo.
    INCURIA , Acedia. INDIGUM , Indigo .
    INCURSUS ARTERIARUM , Pulse . INDISPOSI" TION , Mala disposi' tio. ( F.)
    INCURVATIO , Gryposis. Malaise. A slight functional disturbance ,which
    INCUS, Acmon, axuur, Os incudi simile, Os- scarcely bears the name of disease.
    siculum Incudi seu molari denti compara'lum . IN'DOLENT, In'dolens. Exhibiting, little
    ( F.) Enclume. One of the sınall bones of the or no pain . An epithet, particularly applied to
    ear, so called from its fancied resemblance to a certain tumours.
    smith's anvil . It is situate in the cavity of the INDOLENTIA , Anodynia .
    tympanum , between the malleus and orbicu. INDUCTIO , Apagoge, anayoyn, from indu
    lare . Its body is articulated with the inalleus ; cere , to extend upon. It is used especially
    its horizontal ramus, which is the shortest, cor for the action of extending a plaster upon linen.
    responds with the entrance of the mastoid cells, INDUCULA, Waistcoat , strait.
    and its vertical ramus is articulated with the os INDUMENTUM CORDIS, Pericardium-i .
    orbiculare. The incus is composed of a com- Nervorum , Neurilema.
    pact tissue, and is developed from a single point INDU'RANS , Scleroticus. A medicine,which
    of ossification . hardens the parts to which it is applied .
    INDEX, Dig''itus indicatorius, Lich'anos, INDURATIO MALIGNA , Scirrhus - i. Te
    Deicticos, deixtixos, from indica're, ' to point le cellulosæ neonatoruin , see Induration .
    out .' The forefinger, index finger. See Di- INDURA'TION , Indura'lio , Callos'ilas, In
    gitus . durescentia , from durus, ' hard. ' ( F.) Endur.
    INDIA'NA (U. S. ), MINERAL WATERS cissement. That hardness, which supervenes,
    OF. A medicinal spring, near Jeffersonville, is occasionally , in an inflamed part. It is one of
    much frequented. Its waters are strongly im . the terminations of inflammation , and is owing
    pregnated with sulphur and iron. to a change in the nutrition of the part. Indu
    INDICANT, In'dicans, Endeicticos,
    Tixos. (F.) Indiculif. Any thing which , erdsıx- ration of the Cellular lissue, Indura'tio tele
    in the cellulo'sæ neonato'rum , Compact Ede'ma, Cat .
    course of a disease or in what precedes or ac- ochus Infan'tum ,Induratio cellulosa , Sclere'mia ,
    companies it, concurs in pointing out the means Sclere'mus, (F.) Endurcissement du tissu celle
    to be used for
    its cure. laire, is a disease which attacks infants a few
    INDICATIF , Indicant. days after birth, and which Chaussier has pro
    IN'DICATING DAYS, Dies In'dices, D. posed to call Sclérème, from oxirgos, “ hard.
    Indicato'rii, D. contemplan'tes. (F.) Jours in- INDURESCENTIA , Induration .
    dicateurs. Hippocrates and others have thus INDU'SIUM, Chitoniscos, X'Twviokos. Strict
    called the middle day of the septenary ; because ly ,' a shirt,' a small tunic ;' but some anato
    they imagined, that indications were sometimes mists have so called the amnios , (q. v.)
    given , then , of the crises which would occur in INEDIA , Fasting.
    the last day of the septenary . INER'TIA , Igna'dia. Sluggishness, inac
    INDICATION, Indica'tio , from in'dico , Itivity .
    show.' Accusa'tio, Dela'tio, Endeir'is, erdetis, Accoucheurs call Inertia of the womb, (F.)
    Boethematicum Semei'on . The object pro- Inertie de la matrice, the diminution and even
    posed in the employment of any means, which total cessation of the contractionsof the uterus
    are had recourse to for the cure of disease. It during labour ; as well as the species of languor
    may also be defined -- the manifestation afforded into which it sometimes falls after the expul
    by the disease itself of what is proper to be sion of the fætus.
    done for its removal . INERTIE DE LA MATRICE, Inertia of the
    INDICATOR , Extensor proprius indicis . womb.
    See Digitus . INESIS , Cenosis.
    INDICUS COLOR , Indigo. INETHMOS , Cenosis.
    INDIGENCE , Want . INFANCY, Infantia, from in , ' negation ,'
    INDIG ENOUS , Indig''enus. Whatever is and fari , ' to speak.' Early childhood, Child
    native in a country, in opposition to exotic; as nerally
    an indigenous remedy, indigenous disease, & c .
    hood, Nepiotes,Paidi'a. (F.) Enfance. It ge
    includes the age from birth till the
    INDIGESTION , Dyspepsia. seventh year .
    INDIGNABUNDUS,Rectus externus oculi. INFANS, Paidion ,Nepion . (F.) Enfant. An
    INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi. infant; a child ; one in infancy.
    IN'DIGO, Indigum , Indicus color, Pigmen '. INFANTICIDE, Infanticid'ium ,Tecnoctonia ,
    tum In'dicum . Å dye -stuff, in small solid from infans, a child ,' and cadere, ' to kill.'
    masses, of a deep azure blue colour and devoid The murder of a child newly born , or on the
    of smell and taste. It is obtained , by a fermen- point of being born . It may be perpetrated by
    tative process, from the Indigofera anil, I. ar- the mother, or by some other person ; either by
    gentea , and I. tinctoria ; and is sometimes used commission, i. e. in consequence of a direct, vo.
    by the apothecary for colouring certain prepara- luntary act ;-or by omission of those cares,
    tions. It has likewise been administered inter- which are necessary for the preservation of the
    nally , of late, in spasmodic diseases, especially new -born .
    in epilepsy. The dose may be at first grains, INFARCTUS INTESTINORUM , Enterem
    but it may be elevated lo drams . phraxis.
    48
    INFECTION 378 INFLUENZA

    INFECTION . See Contagion. mucous and skin : the former being more active ,
    INFERNAL, Infernus ; relating to hell . A and constituting the phlegmonous variety ;-the
    name applied to a caustic - Lapis infernalis -- on latter, the erysipelatous. Inflammation may end
    account of its strong, burning properties. by resolution, suppuration , gangrene,adhesion ,
    INFIBULA'TIO , Infibulation , Ancterias'mus; effusion , or induation . Each of the inflam
    from filiula, ' a clasp ,' (F.) Bouclement. An mations of internal organs has received a name
    operation, formerly practised, which consisted according to the organ affected ;-as, gastritis,
    in passing a ring through the prepuce, after cephalitis, enteritis, hepatitis, &c.
    having drawn it over the glans; - in order to Besides the inflammations - essentially mor
    prevent coition . bid , there is an instinctive kind established for
    The ancients employed infibulation with the union of parts, which have been divided ;
    their gladiators , to preserve all their strength whether the union takes place immediately, or
    by depriving them of venery . In the women, by the aid of an intermediate body . This is
    to preserve their chastity, the ring was passed the adhesive inflammation. See Adhesion , Cal
    through the labia majora . lus , Cicatrix .
    INFILTRATION , Infiltra'tio, from filtra're . Broussais considers , that the term inflamma
    to filter.'. Effusion (q . v .) The accumulation tion should include every local exaltation of the
    of a fluid in the cells of any texture, and par organic movements , which is sufficiently great
    ticularly of the cellular membrane . The fluid to disturb the harmony of the functions, and
    effused is ordinarily serous ;-sometimes blood disorganize the texture in which it is situate.
    or pus, fæces or urine . When infiltration of He, farther, extends the name inflammation to
    serum is general, it constitutes anusarca ; when irritations,which do not induce disorganization
    local , ædema . of the textures, and which had been previously,
    INFIRMARIUM , Hospital. and are still , called fevers.
    INFIRMARY , Hospital. External inflammation is easily detected by
    INFIRMATORIUM , Hospital . the characters already mentioned :-internal, by
    INFIRMIER (F. ) from infirmus, Infirma' disturbance of function and pain upon pressure;
    rius,. rogoromos, Nosocomus, Cura'tor infirmo- but the last sign is often not available. Both
    4
    One employed in an hospital or infirma- forms require the removal of all irritation , and
    ry to take care of the sick . the reduction of vascular excitement and ner
    INFIRM'ITY , Infir'mitas, Astheni'a, Invale- vous irritability : hence, blood -letting - local
    tu'do . Any disease,which has become habitual, and general -sedatives , refrigerants, and coun
    either owing to its chronic character , or its nuter-irritants become valuable remedies in almost
    mernus relapses. all cases of inflammation .
    INFLAMMATIO , Phlegmon-i. Abdomina- INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER , Cystitis- i .
    lis, Encælitis - Inflamma'tio Cys'tidis felleæ , of the Cæcum , Typhloenteritis-i. of the Dia
    Cholecystitis - i.Faucium, Isthmitis - i. Gas- phragm , Diaphragmitis-i . Diphtheritic, Angi
    tritis,Gastritismi. Hepatis, Hepatitis- i. Inter- na pellicularis — i. of the Ear, Otitis - i. of the
    na, Empresma - i. Intestinorum , Enteritis– . Eye, Ophthalmia — i. du Foie, Hepatitis - i.
    Jecinoris , Hepatitis — i. Lienis, Splenitis -- i. General, Synocha-i. Internal, Empresma - i.
    Medullæ spinalis, Myelitis-- i. Oculorum , Oph- of the Iris, ſritis — i. of the Kidney, Nephritis
    thalmia - i. Omenti, Epiploitis-- i. Parotidum , i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis - i. of the Liver ,
    Parotis, Cynanche parotidæa-- i. Pectoris acuta, Hepatitis - i. of the Lungs, Pneumonia — i. de
    Pneumonia -- i. Phrenitis , Phrenitis--i . Pneu la Matrice, Metritis–i . of the Mesentery , Me
    monica, Pneumonia - i. Renum , Nephritis--i. senteritis - i. of the Pericardium , Pericarditis
    Retinæ, Dictyitis -- i. Septi transversi, Dia. i. of the Peritoneum , Peritonitis — i. of the
    phragmitis --i. Inflammatio Tympani, Tympani- Pleura, Pleuritis - i. Spongoid , Hæmatodes fun
    tis-. Testium ,Hernia humoralis - i.Uteri,Me gus - i. Spongoid , see Encephaloid - i. of the
    tritis -- i. Uteri Catarrbalis, see Metritis --i. Ven . Stomach, Gastritis - i. of the Testicle, Hernia
    triculi , Gastritis -- i. Vesice, Cystitis- i . Ve- humoralis - i. des Tissus blancs, Angeioleucitis
    si'cæ Felleæ , Cholecystitis. -i. of the Tongue , Glossitis -i. de la Vessie,
    INFLAMMA’TION , Inflamma'tio, from Cystitis - i. of the Womb, Metritis.
    in, ' within ,' and flamma, “ fame,' .fire ;' Phleg '. ' INFLAMMATIUN'CULA , Subinflammatio
    monë, Phlogo'sis, Phlegma'sia, Causo'ma, Hy. (q.v.) A superficial and often insignificant in
    perendosmose (Dutrochet), Incendium , Hyper. Aammation of the skin , as in many cutaneous
    hæmato'sis, Hyperemia activa , Phleboplero'sis affections. — Most.
    ecphrac'tica. It is so called in consequence of INFLAMMATORY , Inflammato'rius; be
    the acute or burning pain , felt in a part affected longing to inflammation ;-as, inflammatory tu.
    with it. An irritation in a part of the body oc- mour, inflammatory fever, & c. The blood is said
    casioned by some stimulus ; -- owing to which to be inflammatory when cupped or buffy.
    the blood fows into the capillary vessels in INFLATIO , Emphysema, Puffiness, Colica
    greater abundance than natural, and those ves- Aatulenta-i. Parotidum , Cynanche parotidæa
    sels becomeover- dilated and enfeebled ; whence -i . Uteri , Physometra .
    result pain , redness , heat, tension , and swelling: INFLEXIÓ , Campsis.
    symptoms, which appear in greater or less se- INFLUENZA . The Italian for ' Influence ,'
    verity, according to the structure, vital proper. Morbus Verveci'nus, M. Arietis, Cephalui gia
    ties , and functions of the part affected , and its contagio'sa (epidemics of the 16th and 17th cen.
    connexion with other parts , as well as accord . turies:) (F.) Tac, Ladendo, Quinte, Florion,
    ing to the constitution of the individual. Coqueluche, Baraquette, Générale, Grippe, Fol.
    The inflammations of the cellular and serous lette, Grenade, Coquette, Petite Poste , Petit Cou
    membranes greatly agree ;-and those of the rier ,Allure, Epidemic catarrh. A severe form
    INFRA-ATLOID.US 379 INFUSUM

    of catarrh occurring epidemically, and gene- INFUNDIBULUM LACHRYMALE, Lach


    vally affecting a nuinber of persons in a com- rymal Sac.-i. Ventriculi, Esophagus.
    munity. See Catarrh , Epidemic. INFU'SION , Infusio, En'chysis, from infun'.
    Gluge , from his investigations, considers dere , to pour in ,' ito introduce.' A phar.
    that the following is the chronological order of maceutical operation , which consists in pour.
    the return of the influenza :-- 14th century , ing a hot or cold fluid upon a substance ,
    1323, 1:326--15th century , 1410, 1411 , 1414– whose medical virtues it is desired to extract .
    16th century , 1510 , 1557, 1562, 1574, 1580, and Infusion is, also , used for the product of this
    1593—17th century, 1658, 166 , 1675, 10933— operation ,
    18th century , 1708 , 1712. 1729, 17:32, 17:33, 1742, In Surgery, infusion - Chirurgia infuso'ria ,
    1743, 1761, 1762, and 1773 ---19th century, 1800, Ars clysma'tica nova — is theact of introducing
    1803, 1831, and 18:33. into the veins , medicinal substances, by aid of
    INFRA-ATLOID.EUS, Sub -atloidæus. an instrument called Infusor. This mode of
    INFRA -AXOIDÆUS , Sub -axoidrus. introducing medicines was called the Ars in .
    INFRA- COSTALES . See Intercostal mus- fuso'ria .
    cles . Infusion of Calumba, Infusum calumbæ ,
    INFRA -ORBITAR , Sub -orbitar. -i . of Cascarilla, Infusum cascarilla - i. of Ca.
    INFRA - SCAPULARIS, Subscapularis. techu, Infusum catechu compositum - i. of
    INFRA-SPINA'TUS, from infra, ' beneath ,' Chamomile, Infusum anthemidis - i. of Cincho
    and spina,'a spine .' Situate beneath the spine na, Infusum cinchone - i. of Cloves, Infusum
    of the scapola .-- Infra - Spinu'lis. caryophyllorum - i. of Cusparia, Infusum cus
    nus-épi- pariæ , i, of Foxglove, Infusum digitalis-i . of
    Fossa INFRA-SPINATA, ( F. ) Fosse sous
    neuse . A large excavation on the posterior sur- Gentian compound , Infusum gentianæ com
    face of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is positum - i. of Horseradish, compound, In.
    Gilled by the fusum armoraciæ compositum - i. of Linseed,
    INFRA-Spina'tus Muscle, Grand Scapulotro. Infusuin lini compositum-i. of Mint, com
    chiterien, Superscapula’ris inferior, (Ch.), (F.) pound, Infusum menthe compositum - i. of
    Sous-épineur, which is broad, fat, and triangu- Orangepeel, compound, Infusum aurantii com
    lar. It is attached , by its base , to the three positum - i. of Quassia, Infusum quassiæ - i. of
    inner quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by Rhubarb, Infusum rhei - i. of the Rose, Infusum
    long tendon, into the
    atuberosity middle part of the great rosæ compositun - i. of Senna, Infusum sennæ
    of the humerus, ( Trochiter . ) It compositum - i. of Simarouba, Infusum sima
    turns the arm outwards , and, when the arm is rouba - i. of Slippery elm , Infusum ulmi - i,of
    elevated, carries it backwards. Tobacco , Infusum tabaci - i. of Valerian , In
    INFRINGENS, Corrigent. fusum valeriane.
    INFUNDIB’ULUM , a Latin word signifying INFU'SUM , Enchyma. The product of an
    a Funnel : - Chou'nē, Chonos. ( F. ) Entonnoir . infusion .
    A name , given to many parts which , more or INFUSUM ACACIÆ CATECHU , I. Catechu com
    less, resemble a funnel. It is particularly ap- posituin-i . Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianw
    propriated to the following organs : -- compositum .
    1. The INFUNDIB'ULUM OF THE Brain , (F.) INFUSUM ANTIEM'IDIS, Infusion of Cham ' .
    Pelvis seu Chouna , seu Cyathus, seu Scyphus, omile. (Anthemid. flor. 3ij. aq. fervent. fbs 3 .
    seu Concha, seu Lacu'na, seu Embolum , seu Macerate for ten minutes in a covered vessel ,
    Aquæduc'tus, seu Lubrum , seu Concav'itas con- and strain. Ph . L.) Dose , 3j to ziss.
    chuld'ris, seu Processus orbicularis Cerebri, INFUSUM ARMORA'CIÆ COMPOS'Itum , Com .
    Entonnoir du ventricule moyen du cerveau- pound Infusion of Horseradish. ( Armorac. rad.
    Tige pituitaire, Tige sus-sphénoïdale. A depres. recent. concis., sinapis sem. cont. sing. Zj , aqua
    sion in the inferior paries of the middle ventri- ferrent. Tbj. Macerate for two hours, strain , and
    cle, above the pituitary gland . It was , an- add sp . armorac. comp. Zj . Ph . L. ) Dose, 3j to
    ciently , regarded as a canal by whichbrain
    the fluid, ziij.
    collectedin the ventricles
    of the , was InfusUM Auran'Tu Compos'Itum, Compound
    evacuated and poured into the nasal fosse . Infusion of Orunge Peel . Aurant. cort . sicc. zij ,
    2. THE INFUNDIBULA OF THE KIDNEYS . See limon . cort. recent . 3j , caryoph. cont. 3ss. 04;
    Calix . ferrent. lbss . Macerate_for 15 minutes, and
    3. THE INFUNDIBULUM OF THE ETHmond strain . Ph. L.) Dose , ziss to zij.
    Bore . It is one of the anterior cells of that INFUSUM CALUMBÆ , I. Calombæ ; Infusion of
    bone , whieh is broad and expanded above , and Calumba . ( Calumb. rad. concis. gij, aq. fervent.
    narrow below ; opening , above, into the fron- iss. Macerate for two hours , and strain . Ph. L.)
    tal sinus ; below , into the anterior part of the Dose , Ziss to 3iij .
    middle meatus of the nasal fossæ . INFUS UM CARYOPHYLLO'RUM, Infusion of
    In Surgery, infundibula are used to direct Cloves. ( Caryoph. contus. 3j. aq. fervent.Ibiss.
    steam or vapours ; to conduct the actual cau. Macerate for two hours, and strain .) Dose , Ziss
    tery to certain morbid parts, & c . to zij .
    INFONDIBULUM Of The Cochlea, Scyphus INFUSUM CASCARU'LÆ , Infusion of Cascarilla .
    Vieussenii, S. auditorius, Cucullus, Cana'lis (Cascarill. cort. cont. zss, aq. fervent. lbss.
    Scal comm s. This,with the modiolus , Macerate for two hours , and strain . Ph . L.)
    s them nucl u'niarou
    forma'ru eus nd which the gyri of the Dose, Ziss to zij .
    cochlea pass. It is an imperfect funnel, the apex INFUSUM CASSIÆ SENN Æ, I. Sennæ com
    of which is common with that of the modiolus ; positum .
    and the base is covered with the apex of the INFUSUM Cat'echu Compos'ITUM , Infusum
    cochlea, termed Cu'pola. Catechu , I. Aca'ciæ Catechu ; Infusion of Car
    INFUSUM 380 INGUINAL

    techu. ( Catechu ext. ziiss, cinnam . cort. cont. (baci. fol. 3j, aq. fero. Tbj. Macerate for an hour, T
    3ss, aq. ferd. lbss. Macerate for an hour, and and strain . Ph. L.) 3

    strain .) Dose , Ziss to Zij. INFUSUM Ulmi, Infusion of Slip'pery Elm .


    Infosum CINCHO'N Æ ,1. Cinchona lancifolia, This preparation , in the Pharmacopæia of the IS
    1. Cinchone sine calore; Infusion of Cinchona. United States, is made by infusing one ounce
    ( Cinch. lancifol. cort. contus. Zss, aq. fervent. of slippery elm bark, in a pint of boiling water.
    tbss . Macerate for two hours, and strain . Ph. L.) INFUSUM VALERIA'NÆ , Infusion of Valerian .
    Dose , 3j to ziij. The Pharmacopeia of the (Rad. valerian. in crass. pulv. zij,ag. fervent.
    United States has an Infu'sum Cincho'næ cum zvij. Macerate for an hour, and strain . Ph . D.)
    squâ Calcis, and an Infu'sum Cincho'næ cum Dose, Ziss to zij.
    Magnésia. INGE'N I'U M, ( Morbi.) The genius of a
    INFU" sum Cospa’RIÆ , Infusion of Cuspa’rin. disease. This word is employed, especially by
    (Cuspar. cort. contus. zij , 19. fero. Ibss. Mace. the French, synonymously with nature. They ma

    rate for two hours, and strain . Ph. L.) Dose , speak , for instance , of Génie inflammatoire,
    3j to zinj. bilieur , &c. Some, also , use génie in the place
    type of an intermittent.
    Infusum Digita'lis, I. Digitalis purpu'reæ ; ofINGESTA.
    Infusion of Forglove. ( Digital. fol. ezsicc. 3j, Substances , introduced into the
    aq. fero. Ibss. Macerate , and add sp . cinnam . body by the digestive passages ; as food, con
    3ss.) Dose, 3j . diments, drinks, &c .
    INFUSUM GENTIA'N E COMPOS'Itum , Com- INGLU'VIES, Aplestia, Victûs intemperan'
    pound Infusion of Gentian. ( Gent . rad. concis., tia :-Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop
    aurantii cort.ersicc. sing. 3 ), limon.cort. recent. or Craw ofBirds, and the Pharynx, (q.v.)
    zij, aq. fero. zxij.) Dose , 3j to Zij . INGRAS'SIAS, APOPH’YSES OF, the les
    Marsden's Antiscorbu'tic Drops, an empirical ser alæ of the sphenoid bone .
    preparation , consist of a solution of corrosive INGUEN, Bubon, fou for,'the groin ,' wdæon,
    sublimate in an infusion of gentian, ardoiv, Hep'utis emuncio'ria. ( F.) Aine. The
    INFUSUM LINI COMPOS'ITUM , I. Lini usitatis'. oblique fold or depression , which separates the
    simi ; Infusion of Linseed. ( Lini usitat, sem. abdomen from the thigh . It is only , properly S
    cont. Zj, glycyrrh . rad. cont. giv, aque fervent. speaking, a line that extends from the anterior
    Ibij. Macerate for four hours, and strain . Ph. L.) and superior spinous process of the ilium to
    Dose, a teacupful, ad libitum. the middle part of the horizontal ramus of the
    INFUSUM MENTHÆ Compos'ITUM , Compound pubis.
    C
    Infusion of Mint. ( Fol. menth .sat, sicc. 3ij , aq. IN'GUINAL, Inguina'lis, from inguen, ' the
    fervent. q. s. ut colentur zyj. Macerate for half groin .' Belonging or relating to the groin .
    an hour; and, when cold , strain : then add- This epithet has been given to various parts
    sacch. alb. 3ij, ol. menth. sat. glt iij , dis- met wiih in the region of the groin or inguinal
    solved in tinct. card . c. Zss. Ph. D.) Dose, 3j region .
    to 3iij . The Inguinal or ABDOMINAL Ring , An'nulus
    INFUSUM Picis EMPYREUMATICÆ LIQUIDÆ. abdom'inis, ( F.) Anneau inguinal,is the inferior
    See Pinus sylvestris—i. Picis liquidum . See aperture of the inguinal canal.
    Pinus sylvestris . The InguinAL CANAL is a canal , about two
    INFUSUM QUASSIÆ , I. Quassiæ excel'se ; In- inches in length , proceeding obliquely down .
    fusion of Quassia. (Quassiæ lign.conc. Dj , aq. wards, inwards, and forwards at the lower part
    ferd. Ibss. Macerate for two hours, and strain. of the abdomen ; through which passes the
    Ph. L.) Dose, 3j to ziv. spermatic cord , in man ; and the round liga
    INFúsum Rhei, Infusion of Rhubarb . ( Rhei ment of the uterus, in women. This canal is 1
    rad.concis. zj, aq. fero. Ibss. Macerate for two formed, inferiorly and anteriorly, by the apone. 1
    hours, and strain. Ph. L.) Dose, 3j to ziv. urosis of the greater oblique muscle ; poste
    INFUSUM RosÆ COMPOS'ITUM, I. Rose Gallica; riorly, by the fascia transversalis, which is
    Infusion of the Rose. (Ros. gallic. petal. exsicc. joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and forms
    ziv, aq. ferdent. Ibliss, acid. sulph. d. ziij , sacch. with it a deep channel, into which are received
    purif. Ziss. Add the water, and afterwards the the lesser oblique and transversalis muscles .
    acid ;-macerate for half an hour; strain , and The inguinal canal has two apertures : the one , 1
    add the sugar.) Dose, Ziss to Ibss. the lower and inner, is called the inguinal or
    !
    INFUSUM SENNÆ COMPOS'ITUM , I. Cassiæ Sen- abdominal ring . It is bounded by two strong
    ne , I. Senne simplex , Infusion of Senna. (Sen- tendinous pillars, which fix it — the innermost
    na fol. Ziss , zingib. rad. con. 3j, aq. fero . ibj. to the symphysis, the outermost to the spine of !
    Macerate for an hour, and strain. L. D.) Dose, the pubis . ' l'he upper and outer aperture is
    3j to ziv . formed by the fascia transversalis. From the
    The Black Draught, Haustus niger, is usually edge of this aperture arises a membranous fun 1
    formed of this infusion. It may be made of nel, -a prolongation of the fascia transversalis,
    infus. senna comp. Zv, aq. cinnam . 3j, manna - which receives the spermatic vessels ; forms
    giv, magnes. sulph. 3vj. Dose , a wine -glass. their proper sheath , and accompanies them as
    Selway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a con- far as the testicle . On its inside lies the
    centrated infusion of the leaves, in combination epigastric artery. Above it , is the lower edge
    with an alkali. of the transversalis muscle ; and , below , it is
    INFOSUM SIMAROU'BÆ , Infusion of Simarouba. bounded by the channel of the greater oblique .
    ( Simaroub. corl. cont. 3ss, ag. fervent lbss. By following the oblique direction of this canal ,
    Macerate for two hours, and strain . Ph. L. ) and passing, consequently ,on the outside of the
    Dose, zij . epigastric artery , the viscera are displaced, so
    INFUSUM Tab'acı , Infusion of Tobacco . ( Ta- as to constitute internal inguinal hernia,
    INGUINO -CUTANEUS 381 INNERVATION

    No. 3.
    The INGUINAL Artery is that portion of the Tallow , lb. ij.
    femoral artery, situate immediately beneath the White war , oz . X.
    crural arch in the inguinal region. Common oil, oz . vj.
    INGUINO - CUTA’NEUS. A name , given Venice turpentine, oz . iv.
    by Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling water.
    the anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve : To make any of these mixtures
    Red - add vermilion , 07., inj :
    because it sends its numerous filaments to the Yellow -- King's yellow , oz . iiss .
    groin , scrotum , and to the skin of the superior White - best flake white, oz . vss .
    part of the thigh . Pale - blue best flake white, oz. jiiss.
    INHÆRENS, Inherent. fine blue smalt, oz. iiiss .
    Dark -blue - blue verditer, oz. X83.
    INHALATIO , Absorption. Black - lamp- black , oz. j .
    INHA'LER , MUDGE'S, an apparatus for powdered verdigris, oz. ivss.
    inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections Green best flake white, oz. iss.
    of the air- passages . It consists of a pewter powdered gamboge, oz. j .
    tankard, provided with a lid , into which a flexi FINE INJECTION .
    ble tube is inserted. Through this, the vapour Broron spirit rarnish , oz . iv .
    is inhaled . White spirit varnish , oz . iv.
    INHERENT , Inhærens, that which adheres , Turpentine varnish , oz . j .
    To make this mixture
    or which is joined or united to any thing. Red - add rermulion , oz . j .
    The INHERENT CAUTERY, ( F.) Čautère inhé. Yellow - King's yellow, oz . j } .
    rent , is the actual cautery, left in contact with White- best flake white, oz . ij
    ' a part until it is reduced to the state of a deep Light-blue. Time bluesmalt,oz, iss.
    eschar . Dark -blue - blue verditer , oz . iv .
    INHUMA'TION , from in 'humo, ' I put into Black - lamp black , oz. ss.
    the ground. ' Inhuma'tio. The sepulture of the
    dead. This belongs to the subject of medical MINUTE INJECTION .
    police . Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or
    INION , LVOV . Some of the Greek physi Isinglass, oz . viij.
    Water, Ib . iss. Dissolve .
    cians gavethis name to the occiput(a .. To make thismixture
    others, to the back part of the neck, and the Red - add vermilion , oz. V.
    muscles of the occiput. Blanchard says, it is Yellow - King's yellow, oz . iv.
    the coinmencement of the spinal marrow. White - best flake white, oz . v.
    Blue - fine blue smalt, oz. viij.
    INI'TIS , from us , gen. ivos, a fibre. Fibrous powdered verdigris, oz.iij.
    inflammation . Greenbest flake white , dr. ij.
    INITIUM , Arche-i . Asperæ arteriæ , Larynx. ( powdered gamboge, dr. j .
    Black - lamp black , oz. j.
    INJACULA'TIO , a term , employed by Van
    Helmont to designate an acute pain of the COLD INJECTION .
    stomach , with rigidity and immobility of the White lead and red lead , each oz iv ; linseed oil, enough
    body . to form a thick paste , when they are rubbed well
    INJECTED, from injic'ere, ' to throw into. together. Liquefy this paste with turpentine var.
    nish . oz . viij .
    The face and other parts are said to be injected, The advantage of this mixture is ,-that the subject
    when the accumulation of blood in the capilla need not be heated .
    ry vessels gives them an evident red colour. A
    subject or part of a subject is , also , said to be In order to inject the arteries , the injection
    injected, when its vessels have been filled, by must be forced from the great trunks towards
    the anatomist, with an appropriate composition. their ultimate ramifications. To inject the
    INJEC'TION , Injectio, Eas'bole, etoBoàn ; veins, on the contrary , it is indispensable , on
    same etymon . The act of introducing, by account of their valves, to send the injection
    means of a syringe or other instrument, a liquid from the smallest divisions towards the greater.
    into a cavity of the body . The lymphatics are usually injected with mer
    The liquid injected is also called an injection. cury.
    Anatomists use injections for filling the cavities The practitioner injects ,by forcing, with a sy
    of vessels, in order that they may be rendered ringe , liquids, such as emollient, narcotic, sii
    more apparent, and their dissection be facilita mulant, and other decoctions or infusions, into
    ted. For this purpose they use syringes of dif- different hollow organs, e. g. the rectum, va
    ferent dimensions ,and various materials. The gina, nasal fossæ, urethra , tunica vaginalis,
    most common injections are made of soot, wax, auditory canal, &c . to fulfil various therapeu
    and lurpentine, coloured with lamp-black , ver. tical indications.
    milion , &c. INJECTION, Matthews's . See Tinctura can
    There are three kinds chiefly used by anato- tharidis.
    mists ,—the coarse, the fine, and the minute . INK , Atramentum.
    The following are formulæ for each . IN'NATE, ( Diseases,) Morbi_cogna'ti, M.
    COARSE INJECTION . congen'ili, (F.) Maladies innées. Diseases, with
    which the infant is born. They are not always
    No. 1 .
    Pure yellow war, oz . xvj. hereditary , as hereditary diseases are not al
    Bleached rosin , oz . viij . ways innate .
    Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj. INNERVA'TION, Innerra'tio, from in , ' in
    No. 2.
    and nervus, ' a nerve.' By this term is meant,
    Yellor rosin , lb. ij. the nervous influence , necessary for the main
    Yellow war, lb. j.
    Turpentine varnish ,a sufficient quantity to make the tenance of life and the functions of the various
    mixture flexible when cold . organs ;—an influence, of whose character and
    INNOMINATUM 382 INSOMNIA

    source we are ignorant. It seems lo resem.jin, priv. and qui'es, 'rest.' Agitation or trouble ,
    ble the galvanic or electric agencies. See caused by indisposition . Restlessness.
    Nerves. INQUINAMENTUM , Miasm .
    INNOMINATUM , arwrunor , from in priv . INSALIVA'TION , Insalira'tio , the mixture
    and nomen , a name,' (F.) Anonyme. Having of the food with the saliva, and other secretions
    no name . of the mouth .
    be
    The ARTERIA INNOMINATA, A. brachio- cé . INSALU'BRIOUS, Insalu'bris , Nose'ros, No
    phalique, (Ch.)-Arléria anonyma, Right Sub- so'des. That which is unhealthy, —which in
    clavian , (F.) Arlère innominee, is the trunk jures the health . I:
    common to the right primitive carotid and to INSANIA , Mania-i . Lupina , Lycanthropia . I
    the subclavian . It arises from the anterior part INSANITY , Insa'nia ; froin in, priv . , and I
    of the arch of the aorta : ascends obliquely to sunus, .sound. ' Mental aliena'lion , Aliena'lio
    the right, along the trachea ; and , after a course Mentis, Arrep'tio, L'nsound Mind, Derangement, 100
    of about an inch in length, divides into two Deranged intellect, Cra'ziness, Aphros'yme, Ec
    trunks , which go off' at right angles . The one phro'nia , Delir'ia, Vesa 'nia , Delir'ium (Crich
    is external - the right subclavian proper ; the ton ,) Insipien'tia, (F.) Folie, Égaiementd`Esprit. A
    other superior — the primitire carotid , of the This term includes all the varieties of unsound
    same side . mind,-Mania , Melancholia, and Idiocy , which
    Cav'itas INNOMINATA. A cavity of the outer see. lo
    ear, between the helir and anthelir. INSANITY , MORAL, Pathomania .
    The VENÆ INNOMINATÆ . Vieussens has given INSCRIPTIO'NES TENDIN'EÆ MUS.
    this name to two or three veins, which arise on CULORUM , Intersectio'nes tendin'ce musculo'
    2
    the anterior surface and right margin of the rum . The tendinous portions which cross seve
    heart ; and open into the auricle, towards its ral muscles, and especially the straight muscles
    right margin . of the abdomen .
    NERVI INNOMINATI vel ANONYMI . Some ana- INSENESCENTIA , A gerasia . H:
    tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth INSENSIBIL'ITY , Anæsthe'sia . Loss or ab
    pair. sence of sensibility. It is very common in cere
    Os INNOMINATUM, Os Coren 'dicis, Os Core, bral affections, and may extend to every part,
    (F.) Os innominé, Os Coxal, Os anonyme, &c. or be limited to one or more. Some organs are BE
    A very large , flat bone , which forms the ante much more sensible than others. The bones, 1
    rior and lateral parietes of the pelvis. It is cartilages, ligaments, & c. are insensible in
    curved upon itself in two opposite directions. health , but acutely sensible in disease. L.
    In the first periods of life , it is composed of INSEN'SIBLE , Sensibilita'te carens. That
    three portions ;-the ilium , ischium , and pubis, which is devoid of sensibility . This word is
    which join each other in the acetabulum . It is applied, also , to phenomena which cease to be
    articulated before with its fellow ,-behind, with appreciable to the senses. Thus, we say , the
    the sacrum ; and laterally , with the femur. pulse becomes insensible.
    Ossa INNOMINATA MINO'RA,-Lesser Ossa in- INSER'TION , Inser'tio, Symph'ysis, Eno'sis,
    nominata. Some anatomists have given this sruois, from inse'rere, “ to ingratt,' (F.) Attache.
    name to the three cuneiform bones of the The attachment ofone part to another. Inser
    tarsus , tions occur chiefly on bones, cartilages , and
    FURA'MEN INNOMINATUM . A foramen , near fibrous organs ; thus, we speak of the insertion
    the middle of the anterior surface of the pars ofmuscular fibres into a tendon or aponeurosis ;
    petrosa of the temporal bone, leading back the insertion of a tendon, aponeurosis, or liga.
    wards, for the passage of the vidian nerve , re- ment into a cartilage or bone. The word inser 1
    flected from the 20 branch of the 5th to the tion has likewise been used, by pathologists,
    portio dura of the 7th pair. for the act of inoculating or introducing a virus
    INNOMINATUS , Anonymous . into the body.
    INOCULA'TION , Inocula'tio, Insi' tio , from INSES'STO , from insidere , ' to sit in.' This
    inocula're , “ to ingraft ;' i . e . from in , ' in ,' and term is , sometimes, applied to a vapour bath ,
    oc'ulus, “ an eye. Any operation by which the person being seated in a perforated chair, ឯង។
    small-pox, cow- pox, & c. may be artificially beneath which a vessel , filled with hot water
    communicated, by introducing the virus of the or the hot decoction of some plant, is placed.
    particular disease into the economy, by means See Semicu pium .
    of a puncture or scratch made in the skin . INSIDEN TIA , Epis'ta sis,( q. v .) Any thing
    When the word inoculation is used alone, it which swims on , or in, the urine . It is opposed
    usually means that for the small -pox. to the Hypos'tasis, 'v:1007–0is, or subsidentia.
    INOCULATION, Cowpox, Vaccination - i. Jen- INSIPIENTIA , Insanity .
    ter
    nerian , Vaccination. INCISIO CILIORUM , Blepharoplastice.
    INORGANIC , Inorgan'icus ; from in priv . INSITIO , Inoculation.
    and or'ganum , an organ . A term applied to INSOLATION , Insola'tio, Aprica'tio, Helio'.
    bodies which have no organs ;-such as mine- sis, Siriasis. Exposure to the sun. Exposure
    rals . At the present day, naturalists adınit of of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes,
    but two classes of bodies ,-- the organized and had recourse to , with the view of rousing the
    inorganic. vital forces, when languishing ; or of producing ‫ܕ‬
    Parts of the body,which , like the Epidermis , irritation of the skin . It is occasionally used
    are devoid of blood vessels and nerves, have in the same sense as coup de soleil, (q. v.).
    been called anorganic. In pharmacy, insolation means the drying of
    INOSCULATIO , Anastomosis . chemical and pharmaceutical substances.
    INQUIETUDE , Inquietu'do, Jactita'tio, from INSOM'NIA , Insom'nium , Insom'nitas, Suha .
    INSOMNIUM 333 INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE

    ra, Zaara, Pervigilium , Agryp'nia, aygu irvia ,lis, consequently, the law of the living princi
    Ahyp’nia,aurra, Anyp'nia , Typhomania , Sleep- ple, and instinctive actions are the actions of
    lessness, Vigilance ; from in priv . and somnus, the living principle. It is natural. Reason is
    sleep,' absence of sleep .' This may exist acquired.
    alone, and constitute a true disease ; or it may INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE , see Theory
    be connected with another affection . It is an of medicine.
    unequivocal sign of suffering in some organ ; INSUFFLATION , Insuffla'tio. The act of
    even when the patient experiences no pain. blowing a gas or vapour into some cavity of
    INSOMNIUM , Soinnium . the body ; as when tobacco smoke is injected
    INSPIRATEUR , Inspiratory. into the rectum ; or when air is blown into
    INSPIRATION, Inspira'tio,Empneumato'sis, the mouthsofnew -born children to excite the
    Eisp'noe, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from in , into ,' respiratory functions.
    and spiro, I breathe.' Action by which the INSULA SANGUINIS. See Blood .
    air penetrates into the interior of the lungs. A INSULTUS , Attack , Paroxysm .
    movement opposed to that of expiration. INTEG’UMENT, Integumen'lum , Tegumen'
    As regards the average quantity of air re- lum , Toy'umen , Involu'crum seu Velumen'tuin
    ceived into the lungs at each inspiration , there corp'oris commu'ne, from teg''ere, “ lo cover . '
    is much discrepancy amongst observers. The ( F.) Tégument. Any thing, which serves to
    following lable sufficiently exhibits this . cover, lo envelop. The skin, including the
    Cubic inches at
    cuticle , rete mucosum , and cutis vera , is the
    each inspiration. common integument,or tegument of the body.
    Reil , 42 to 100 IN’TELLECT, Intellectus, Nous, Noe'sis,
    Menzies, Syn'esis, from intelli'gere, * to understand,'
    Sauvages, conceive ,' • know .' (F.) Entendement, Intel
    Ilales,
    Haller,
    ligence. The aggregate of the intellectual fu
    Ellis , 40 culties-perception , formation of ideas, me
    Sprengel, mory, and judgment.
    Sónimering, INTELLECT, DERANGED, Insanity .
    Thoinson ,
    Bostock ,
    INTELLIGENCE , Intellect.
    Jurin , 35 to 38 INTEM'PERANCE, Intemperan'tia ; Acra
    Fontana, 33 sia , Acola'sia, Ples'monē, Amet'rin , Aplestia ,
    Richerand , 30 to 40 from in , . negation ,' and tempera're, éto tem
    Dalton , 30

    Herholdt, 20 to 29 per .' Immoderate use of food and drink , es


    Jurine, 20 pecially the latter ;-a fruitful source of dis
    Allen and Pepys, 163 ease .
    J. Borelli, 15 to 40 INTEMPERIES . Same etymon . Dys .
    Goodwyn , 14
    Sir H. Davy , 13 to 17 cra'sia . Derangement in the constitution of
    Abernethy and Mojon , 12 the atmosphere and of the seasons ; bad con
    6 to 12
    Keutsch , stitution ; derangement, or disorder in the hu
    mours of the body.
    INSPIRATION OF Venous Blood . By this is INTENSIVUS, Entaticos.
    meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart, INTENTION Inten'lio, Propositum . The
    occasioned by the approach to a vacuuin pro- object which one, proposes .
    duced by the dilatation of the thorax during In surgery, a wound is said to heal by the
    inspiration. first intention , when cicatrization occurs with
    IN'SPIRATORY. Same etymon. Inspi- 'out suppuration ; union by the second intention
    ratio'ni inser'viens. (F.) Inspirateur. A name being that, which does not occur until the sur
    given to muscles, which , by their contraction,faces have suppurated. To obtain union by
    augment the size of the chest, and thus pro- the first intention, the edges of a recent wound
    duce inspiration. The diaphragm and inter- must be brought in apposition and kept to
    costal muscles are the chief agents of inspira - gether by means of adhesive plasters and a
    tion . In cases where deep inspirations are proper bandage. Delpech has substituted, for
    necessary, the action of these muscles is aided those expressions, Réunion primitive, and Ré
    by the contraction of the pectoralis major and union secondaire.
    pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus major an . INTERARTIC'ULAR , Interarticuld'ris.
    ticus , scaleni , serratus posticus superior, & c . Parts situate between the articulations are so
    Most of these muscles become inspiratory, by called ; as interarticular cartilages, interarticu
    taking their fixed point at the part which they lar ligaments, & c .
    ordinarily move , and elevating the ribs. INTERCADENCE , Intercaden'tia , Interci
    INSTEP, ( F.) Coude-pied. The projection den'lia. Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so
    at the upper part of the foot, near its articula- that, every now and then, a supernumerary
    tion with the leg - lhe metatarsus, ( q. v .) pulsation occurs. The pulse , in such case , is
    INSTILLATIO , Enstalaxis . said to be intercurrent .
    INSTILLATION, Enstalax'is, Instilla'tio , INTERCAL'ARY, Intercala'ris ; from inter
    from in, “ into,' and stilla, a drop. ' The act cala're, “ to insert,' Embolimos , eupodquos, Inter
    of pouring a liquid drop by drop . pola'lus, Provocato'rius. The days which
    INSTINCT , Instinctus, Bru'tia. The ac- occur between those that are critical. The
    tion of the living principle , whenever mani . term has , also, been applied to the days of apy .
    festly directing its operations to the health , rexia in inteEL' tent AR
    rmitLUL fevers .
    preservation , or reproduction of a living frame INTERC SUBSTANCE , see
    or any part of such frame. The law of instinct | Cytoblastoma.
    INTERCEPTIO 384 İNTERMITTENT
    INTERCEP'TIO . A bandage , by the aid of INTERCURRENT . Intercur'rens. Diseases
    which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro- are so called , which supervene at different sea
    gress of the material cause of gout and rheu. sons of the year ; or which cannot be considered
    matism ; and which consisted in covering the as belonging to any particular season.- Syden.
    affected limbs with carded wool ; surrounding ham . A disease is likewise so called which
    them ,afterwards, with broad bandages, applied occurs in the course of another disease, as In
    from the fingers to the axilla, or from the toes tercurrent Pneumonia .
    to the groin . INTERCUTANEUS, Subcutaneus.
    INTERCERVICAUX, Interspinales colli . INTERDEN’TIUM , from inter, .between ,'
    INTERCIDENTIA , Intercadence. and dens, ' a tooth . ' The interval between
    INTERCLAVIC'ULAR , Interclavicula'ris. teeth of the same order. - Linden.
    That which is placed between the clavicles . INTERDIGʻITIUM , from inter, between ,'
    The INTERCLAVICULAR LIG'AMENT is a fibrous and dig''itus, ' a finger .' The corns or warts,
    bundle ; placed transversely above the extre- which grow between the fingers and toes,espe
    mity of the sternum ; between the heads of cially between the latter.- Pliny.
    the two clavicles . This ligament is flat. Its IŇTERÉPINEUX CERVICAUX , Interspi.
    fibres, which are always longer above than be- nales colli .
    low, are separated by small apertures, which INTERFEMINEUM , Perinæum, Vulva.
    are traversed by vessels. It prevents the sepa . INTERFINIUM NARIUM , Septum narium.
    ration of the two clavicles in the forced depres- INTERFORAMINEUM , Perinæum .
    sion of the shoulder. INTERMAX'ILLARY , Intermarilla'ris.
    INTERCOS'TAL, Intercosta'lis, Mesopleu'. That which is situate between the intermaxil
    rios. That which is situate between the ribs . lary bones.
    (F.) Sous -costaux. The INTERMAXILLARY Bone , inci'side, pal'a
    The Intercostal Muscles are distinguished tine, or labiul bone , is a bony portion , wedged T
    into internal, - Inter-plévrocostaux of Dumas, - in between the two superior maxillary bones,
    and external. The former are inserted into the which supports the upper incisors. This bone
    inner lip, the latter into the outer lip of the is found in the mammalia ; and, also, in the
    edge of the ribs. The fibres of the external in- human fælus.
    tercostals are directed obliquely downwards and INTERMÈDE , Excipient.
    forwards ; and those of the internal downwards INTERMIS'SION , Intermissio , Dialeipsis,
    and backwards . Both are inspiratory or expi- from inter, ' between ,' and mittere, ' to put or
    ratory muscles , according as they take their send.' ( F.) Intermittence. The interval which
    point of support on the upper or lower rib. occurs between two paroxysms of an intermit
    Some small , fleshy fibres, seen occasionally at tent or other disease-during which the pa
    the inner surface of the thorax, descending ob- tient is almost in his natural state . There is
    liquely from one rib to another, have been said to be intermission of the pulse , when, in 1
    called" Infracostales.

    能
    The INTERCOStal Spaces are
    a given number of pulsations, one or more may
    the intervals be wanting.
    which separate one rib from that immediately INTERMITTENCE, Intermission .
    above or below it. INTERMITTENT, Intermittens. Same ety

    留 !
    The Intercostal Ar’TERIES vary in num- mon . That which has intermissions.
    ber. There is constantly , however,a superior, INTERMITTENT FEver , Febris intermittens ,
    Arle'ria Intercosta'lis superior vel Intercosta'lis Dialeip’yra, Intermittens, An'etus, Ague. (F.) 間 ! 能
    Subcla'via , which is given off from the poste- Fièvre intermittente, F. d'Accès, is a fever chiefly
    rior part of the subclavian, and which sends produced by marshy miasın, and consisting of
    branches to the two or three first intercostal many paroxysms , there being a complete state
    chie type
    spaces; and , generally , eight or nine inferior of apyrexia in the intervals. The f s
    如

    or aortic intercostals. These arise from the are the Quotidian, Tertian , and Quartan .
    lateral and posterior parts of the pectoral aorta, The symptoms of intermittents are those of a
    and ascend obliquely in front of the vertebral decided and completely marked cold stage ;
    蝴

    column, to gain the intercostal spaces , where attended with paleness ; collapse ; impaired
    they divide into a dorsal branch and an inter- sensibility ; and coldness ,more or less diffused ,
    进口

    costal, properly so called . followed by general rigors. After this occurs


    The INTERCOSTAL VEins are distinguished the hot stage ; the heat returning partially and
    like the arteries. The right superior intercos'tal irregularly, and, at length ,becoming universal,
    vein is often wanting. When it exists, it opens and much above the standard of health. The
    into the back part of the subclavian . The pulse becomes hard and strong ; tongue white ;
    和 h 池 时 避 Lube .

    same vein of the left side is very large. It urine high -coloured ; thirst considerable . At
    communicates with the demi-azygos, receives length, the sweating stage makes its appear
    the left bronchial vein , and opens into the cor- ance; the moisture usually beginning on the
    responding subclavian. The right inferior in forehead , face , and neck , and soon extending
    tercostal veins open into the vena azygos ; and universally ; the heat abating ; thirst ceasing;
    those of the left into the demi-azygos. the urine throwing down a sediment, and the
    INTERCOSTAL NERVE , Trisplanchnic N. functions being gradually restored to their
    The InteRCOSTAL Nerves , Branches souscos- wonted state .
    tales, (Ch .,) Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed The tertian type is the most common , and
    from the anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. the quartan the most severe. The quotidian
    They are twelve in number; and are distri. more readily changes into a remittent and con
    buted, especially, to the muscles of the parietes linued fever. The quartan has, generally, the
    of the chest and abdomen . longest cold stage , the tertian the longest hot.
    自
    INTERMUSCULAR 385 INTERSECTION

    The exciting causes are marsh miasmata. Ague, anterior interosseous descends vertically, ante.
    also , occurs in districts where there are no rior to the interosseous ligament; the other,
    marshy emanations. Such districts are , gene- called posterior interosseous, passes above that
    rally, of a volcanic nature ; farther we know ligament, appears at its posterior partand divides
    not . When the disease has once attacked an into two great branches ,-the posterior recurrent
    individual, it is apt to recur. radial and the posterior interosseous, properly.
    The prognosis is, in general, favourable, as so called . In the hand , are-1 . The dorsal
    far as regards life ; but long protracted inter- metacurpal interosseous arteries, given off by the
    mittents are apt to induce visceral obstructions dorsalis carpi, a division of the radial artery.
    and engorgements , which may end in dropsy . 2. The Palmar interosseous arterics, which arise
    In some countries, however, the disease is of a from the convexity of the deep palmar arch ,
    very pernicious character. and give off the iniddle interosseous arteries .
    The indications of treatment are, 1. To abate 3. The dorsal interosseous of the inder, proceed
    the violence of the paroxysm ; and 2. To pre- ing directly from the radial artery . In the foot,
    vent its return. The first indication requires are distinguished - 1. The dorsul interosseous
    the adoption of the general principles and re- arteries, three in number, which arise from the
    medies required in ordinary fever . The second artery of the metatarsus, a branch of the dorsa.
    is the most important. The period of apyrexia lis tarsi. 2. The plantar interosseous arteries,
    is that for action . The means for fulfilling this which are , also, three in number, and arise
    indication are :--the use of emetics ,purgatives, from the plantar arch .
    cinchona , quinine, &c . , arsenic , and forcible The INTEROSSEOUS VEins have the same ar
    impressions made on the mind of the patient. rangement as the arteries,
    INTERMUSCULAR, Intermuscula'ris. The INTEROSSEOUS NERVE is a branch , given
    That which is placed between muscles. off by the median nerve , which descends before
    The InterMuscular APON EURO'ses are apo- the interosseous ligament, accompanying the
    neurotic laminæ or septa, situate between mus. artery of the same name.
    cles to which they often give attachment. INTEROSSEUs Manus , (F.) Muscle inter -osseur
    INTER'NAL , Înner, Inter'nus. That which de la inain - Métacarpo-phulungien -latéral sus
    is placed on the inside. This epithet is given palmaire et métacarpo-phalangien -latéral, ( Ch.)
    to parts that look towards an imaginary central These muscles are seven in number ; two for
    plane, which divides the body into two equal each of the three middle fingers, and one for
    and symmetrical portions , as well as to those the little finger. Four are situate on the back
    which correspond with a cavity . Thus we say of the hand, and threc only in the palm . They
    the inner surfuce of the arm or thigh - the inner are inserted into the metacarpal bones, and
    surface of the skuli, & c . send a lendon to the tendon of the extensor
    INTERNAL DISEASES , Morbi interni, are those communis. According to their office, they are,
    which occupy the inner parts of the body. to each finger, an adductor and an abductor.
    Their investigation belongs to the physician ; The inder las a dorsal abductor and a palmar
    external diseasesfalling under the management one. The middle finger has two dorsal muscles
    of the surgeon . for adductor and abductor ; the ring finger has
    INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS , a dorsal adductor and a palmar abductor ; and
    Phalanges of the fingers -- i. Digitorum pedis, the little finger has only one interosseous ab
    Phalanges of the toes. ductor , which is palınar. These muscles pro
    INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani - i. duce abduction and adduction of the fingers,
    Mallei , Tensor tyinpani. which they can also extend, owing to their con .
    INTEROSSEŤ PEDIS , Métatarso-phalan- nexion with the extensor tendons.
    gien - latéral, ( Ch. ) The number , arrangement, INTEROSSEUS, SECUNDUS, Prior medii digiti
    shape, and uses of these are the same as in the i. Quartus , Prior annularis.
    case of the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, INTEROSSEUX DE LA MAIN , Interosseus
    and three plantar; six belong to the three mid- manus .
    dle toes and one to the little toe. The great INTERPELLA'TUS (Morbus) , from inter.
    toe is devoid of them . As in the hand , they are pello ,' I interrupt.' A term , by which Paracel.
    distinguished, in each toe, into abductor and sus designated those diseases whose progress is
    adductor. unequal, and paroxysms irregular.
    INTEROS'SEOUS , Interos'scus. That which INTERPLÉVRÓ -COSTAUX, Intercostal
    is situate between the bones; from inter, be- muscles.
    tween ,' and os, ' a bone . ' INTERPOLATUS , Intercalary .
    INTEROSSEOUS Muscles . These occupy the INTERSCAP'ULAR , Interscapula'ris. That
    spaces between the bones of the metacarpus which is between the shoulders ; as the inter.
    and metatarsus ; and , consequently , belong , - scapular region.
    some to the hand , others to the foot. INTERSCAPU'LIUM . The spine of the
    INTEROSSEOUs Lig'aments . Ligaments seat- scapula .
    ed between certain bones , which they unite ; INTERSECTION, Diac'ope. The point
    such are the ligaments between the radius and where two lines meet and cut each other. The
    ulna, and between the tibia and fibula . name, aponeurotic intersection, is given to
    INTEROSSEOUS AR'TERIES OF THE FOREARM fibrous bands, which certain muscles present
    AND Hand . Of these there are several. 1. The in their length , and by which they seein inter
    common interosseous artery arises from the pos- rupted . Aponeurotic intersections are found
    terior part of the ulnar, a little below the bicipi- in the recti muscles of the abdomen ; in the
    tal tuberosity of the radius; passes backwards seni-membranosus,complexus, sternothyroide
    and divides into two branches : the one called us , &c.
    49
    INTERSECTIONES 386 INTESTINE

    INTERSECTIONES TENDINEÆ MUS. nearer each other, and contribute to the lateral
    CULORUM , Inscriptiones tendin . Musculor. Aexion of the neck .
    INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PAC. The INTERTRANSVERSALES LUMBO'RUM , Mus '.
    CHIONI , Tentorium . culi intertransversi lumbo'rum , ( F.) Intertrans
    INTERSEPTUM , from inter, between ,' and versaires des lombes. These are almost entirely
    septum , 'a partition ,' Cion , xiwy. The uvula ; fleshy, and ten in number ; five on each side.
    (q. v .,) also, the septum narium. They are similar to the preceding in general
    INTERSEPTUM NARIUM, Septum narium - i. arrangement ; except that they are more mark
    Virginale , Hymen . ed , and not placed in two rows . Each inter
    INTERSPÍNA'LES COLLI, Spina'les Colli transverse space contains only one. They are
    mino'res, Spina'ti, (F.) Interépineur-cervicaur, quadrilateral, and flat. The first occupies the
    Intercercicaux, (Ch.) These are twelve in num- space between the transverse processes of the
    ber, and occupy , in two parallel rows, the in- first lumbar and last dorsal vertebra ; and the
    tervals between the spinous processes of the last is between that of the fourth and fifth lum
    cervical vertebræ , from that of the atlas and bar vertebræ. These muscles incline the lum
    vertebra dentata to that between the last cervi . bar region laterally ; and straighten it when in
    cal and first dorsal vertebre . They are flat, clined to one side .
    thin , and quadrilateral. These muscles con- INTERVALLUM , Interstice .
    tribute to the extension of the neck and to INTERVERÄTEBRAL, Intervertebra'lis .
    throwing the head backwards. That which is situate between the vertebræ .
    INTERSPINALES DORSI ET LUMBO'RUM ; por- The INTERVERTEBRAL CARÄTILAGES, Inter .
    tions of the Transversaire-épineux of Boyer and rertebral fibro- cartilages - Ligamen'ta interverle
    the sacro- spinal of Chaussier. These muscles bra'lia . These organs are of a fibro-cartilagi.
    are of two kinds. The one (Muscle grand épi- nous nature; sections of a cylinder; flexible;
    neux du dos, of Winslow ) representing fleshy whitish ; resisting ; and situate between the
    bundles of different lengths, applied upon the bodies of the vertebræ , - from the space between
    lateral surfaces of the spinous processes, from the second and third as far as that between the
    the third dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar. last vertebra and sacrum . Their form is ac
    The others (Muscle petit épineux du dos, Win.commodated to that of the vertebre with which
    slow) are covered by the preceding. They are they are in connexion ; so that, in the neck and (
    situate on each side of the interspinal ligament , loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal region
    in the forın of small , short, flat bundles, which they are nearly circular .
    pass from one spinous process to the second, INTESTIN , Intestine.
    ihird , or fourth above it. These muscles aid INTESTINAL, Intestina'lis. That which
    in extending the vertebral column ; and incline belongs to the intestines,-as intestinal canal ,
    it a little to one side , when they act on one side & c . Bordeu uses the term Pouls intestinal for ។
    only. a pulse, which he conceived to announce an
    INTERSPI'NAL LIG'Ament, Membra'na inter- approaching crisis by the intestines. la
    spinalis, (F.) Ligament interépineur. These INTESTINE , Iniesti'num , from intus, ' with. D
    occupy the intervals between the spinous pro- in ,' En'teron , Chorda, Gut, Nedyia , Pan'tices
    €1
    cesses in the back and loins. In theneck , they ( pl. ), ( F.) Intestin, Boyau. A musculo.mem
    are replaced by the muscles of the same name. branous canal, variously convoluted , which ex.
    They prevent the too great flexion of the spine , tends from the stomach to the anus, and is situ. ba
    and keep the spinous processes in sitû . ate in the abdominal cavity ; the greater part
    INTER'STICE, Intersti'tium , from inter,' be- of which it fills. In man, its length is six or
    tween,' and slo, *1 stand,' Diuste'ma, Interval. eight times that of the body. It is divided into
    lum. Anatomists have given this name to the two principal portions, called small intestine g
    intervals between organs. The il'iac crest-- and large intestine.
    crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an in- The former , ( F. ) Intestin grêle, Intestinum
    terstice between them , which affords attach- tenue,I. grucile, constituting nearly four.fifths
    ment to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdo. of the whole length, begins at the stomach and
    men . terminates in the right iliac region . It is di
    INTERSTICE , Pore. vided into duodenum, jejunum , and ileum . ti

    INTERTINCTUS, Discreet. Some anatomists give the name small intestine


    INTERTRACHÉLIENS, Intertransversales to the two latter only ; which are kept in place
    colli . by the mesentery, and form a large paquet, oc
    INTERTRANSVERSAIRES DES LOM . cupying the umbilical and hypogastric regions,
    BES, Intertransversales lumborum . a part of the fanks, of the iliac regions, and of
    INTER -TRANSVERSA'LIS , Intertransver- the cavity of the pelvis. It is composed of, 1. A
    sa'rius. That which is placed between the serous membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Of a
    transverse processes of the vertebræ . muscular coat, whose fibres are very pale , and
    The INTERTRANSVERSALES Colli, (F.) Inter- are placed, in part, longitudinally ; but the
    transversaires cervicaux, Intertrachéliens (Ch.) greater parttransversely. 3. Of a whitish,mu
    These are small , muscular bundles; quadrila- cous inembrane ; villous, and forming folds or
    teral ; thin and flat; situate , in pairs, in the in . valves- valoulæ conniventes — at its inner sur
    tervals between the transverse processes of the face, and furnished with a considerable number
    neck, except between the first and second, of mucous follicles, called glands of Peyer.
    where there is only one. They are distinguish. The arteries of the small intestine proceed from
    ed into anterior and posterior. The former are the superior mesenteric ; its veins open into the
    six in number ; the latter five. These muscles vena porta. Its nerves proceed from the supe
    bring the transverse processes of the neck rior mesenteric plexus.
    INTESTINORUM LÆVITAS 387 IODINE

    The great intestine, Intestinum crassum , ( F.) INTYBUM , Cichorium endivia.


    Gros intestin, Megaloca'lia, forms a sequence to INTY BUS HORTENSIS, Cichorium en
    the small. It is much shorter, and is solidly divia.
    attached in the regions of the abdomen which INULA , COMMON , Inula helenium.
    it occupies. It begins in the right iliac region ; In'ula DYSENTER'ICA. The systematic name
    ascends along the right flank ; till, beneath the of the Lesser Inula, Conyza me'dia , Ar.
    liver , it crosses the upper part of the abdomen, nica Sueden 'sis, Arnica spu'ria, Cuni'la mus'.
    descends into the left iliac fossa, and plunges cula, Conyza, Cunila'go, (F.) Aunde antidysen
    into the pelvic cavity, to gain the anus. The térique, Herbe de Saint Roch . Nat. Ord. Com
    great intestine is usually divided into three por. positæ . This plant was once considered to
    tions, —the cæcum , colon ,and rectum . It receives possess greatantidysenteric virtues. The whole
    its arteries from the superior and inferior me. plant is acrid and somewhat aromatic.
    senterics. Its veins open into the vena porta . INULA HELE'NIUM . The systematic name of
    Its nerves are furnished by the mesenteric plex- the Elecampane - En'ula campa'na, Helenium ,
    uses . Its lymphatic vessels, which are much Common Inula, ( F. ) Aunée. The root was
    less numerous than those of the small intestine , formerly in high esteem in dyspepsia, cachexia,
    pass into the ganglionsorglands seated between pulmonary affections, & c. It is now scarcely
    the different reflections of the peritoneum , used.
    which fix it the abdominal parietes. INULA, LESSER ,Inula dysenterica.
    The use of the intestines is ;-in the upper INUNCTIO , Liniment.
    part, to effect the chylification of the food and INUNCTION , Inunc'tio , Nli'tio, Chrisis, Ca.
    ihe absorption of the chyle ;-in the lower, to tach'risis, Diach'risis, Epich'risis, Unctio. Alini
    serve as a reservoir, where the excrementitious ment . Also , the act of rubbing in. (F.) Onction .
    portion of the food collects ; and , also, as an INUNDATIO , Depuration.
    excretory duct, which effects its expulsion. INUSTIO , Cauterization .
    INTESTINORUM LÆVITAS, Lientery. INUSTORIUM , Cauterium .
    INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Anfractuosities INVALETUDO , Infirmity .
    ( cerebral.) INVALID , Valetudinary ;
    INTESTINUM CELLULATUM , Colon-i. INVASIO, Arche , Attack , Paroxysm .
    Circumvolutum , Ileon—i. Crassum , Colon - i. INVERMINATION , Helminthiasis.
    Grande , Colon-i. Laxum , Colon - i. Majus, INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM , Entropion
    Colon - i. Medium , Mesentery - i. Plenum , Co- i. Uteri,Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the.
    lon -i . Rectum , Recturn . INVERSION DE LA MATRICE, Uterus,
    Inversion of the.
    INTRA-PELVIO - TROCHANTÉRIEN, Ob- INVISCANTIA , Incrassantia.
    INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI. A morbid adhesion
    turator internus.
    INTRIN'SIC , Intrin 'secus ; from intra, ' with of the eyelids to each other, or to the globe of
    in ,' and secus, towards.': Applied to the inter- the eye.
    nal muscles of certain organs; as those of the INVOLUCRUM CORDIS, Pericardium-i.
    ear, tongue, and larynx. Linnæus gave the Corporis commune, Integument – i. Lingue,
    name Intrinseci to internal diseases. see " Tongue - i. Membranaceum , Decidua re.
    INTROSUSCEPTIO , Intussusceptio - i. En- flexa -umi. Nervorum
    a
    , Neurilema - i. Reti com.
    tropium , Entropion . parat , Retin .
    INTUBUM , ' Cichorium endivia - i. Errati. INVOLVENTIA , Demulcents .
    cum . Cichorium intybus. IODE, Iodine .
    INTUMES'CENČE , Intumescen 'tia , Dion- IODES , Æruginous .
    co'sis, from intumescere, ' to swell .' Augmen. IODIDE OF AMMONIUM , See Iodine - i.
    tation of size in a part or in the whole body. of Arsenic , see Iodine - i. of Iron, see lodine - i.
    Sauvages uses the word Intumescen'tiæ for an of Lead, see Iodine - i. of Potassium , see lodine
    order of diseases, in which he comprehends -i. of Quinine, see lodine - i. of Starch, see
    polysarcis, pneumatosis, anasarca, ædema, phys. see
    Iodine - i. of Sulphur, see lodine-i. of Zinc ,
    conia , and pregnancy . Iodine.
    INTUMĖSČENTİA LACTEA MAMMA- IODIDUM AMYLI, see Iodine - i. Hydrargy
    RUM , Sparganosis . ricum ,seelodine - i. Hydrargyrosum , see To
    INTUSSUSCEP'T10 , from intus, ' within ,' dine - i. Plumbi, see lodine - I. Sulphuris, see
    and suscip'io, ' I receive,' Introsuscep'tio.
    Iodine.
    In physiology ;—the mode of increase pecu . l'ODINE, from coons, viola'ceus, of a violet
    liar to organized bodies. In pathology, like in- colour. ' lodi'na, lo'dium , so called from the
    pagina'tio and Parisagoge,it means the intro- violet vapour it exhales when volatilized. (F.).
    duction of one part of the intestinal canal into lode. It is contained in the mother waters of
    another, which serves it as a sort of vagina or certain fuci, and is obtained by pouring an ex
    sheath. Generally , it is the upper part of the cess of concentrated sulphuric acid on the
    small intestine, which is received into the lower, water, obtained by burning different fuci, lixi
    when the intussusception is said to be progres'- viating the ashes and concentrating theliquor.
    site. At times, however, it is retrograde. The mixture is placed in a retort to which a
    As the disease cannot be positively detected receiver is attached, and is boiled. The iodine
    by the symptoms, it must be treated upon ge. passes over and is condensed. It is solid , in
    neral principles. At times, the invaginated the form of plates; of a bluish gray colour, of a
    portion has separated and been voided per metallic brightness,and smell similar to that of
    anum,-the patient recovering. The disease the chloride of sulphur. Its 8. g. is 4.946. When
    is , however, of a very dangerous character. heated , it becomes volatilized and affords the
    IODINIA 388 IRIS

    vapour, which characterizes it. With oxygen , ION'THUS, Varus, Violet Eruption, from
    it formsthe lodic acid , and with hydrogen, the cor, the violet,' and aroos, “ a flower,' or ordos ,
    Hydriodic. ' foulness .' An unsuppurative, tubercular tu.
    The tincture of jodine and the hydriodales mour ; stationary ; chiefly on the face. A genus
    have been employed , with great success , in the in the class Hematica, order Phlogotica of
    treatment of goître and of some scrofulous Good.
    affections. It must be administered in a very Ionthus CORYMBIFEN, Gutta rosea - i. Varus,
    small dose and for a long period . It is said toAcne.
    be apt, however, to induce cholera morbus, IOTACIS'MUS , from the Greek letter Tota .
    signs of great nervous irritability and emacia- Defective articulation ,-the patient not being
    tion of the mamme . When these symptoms, able to pronounce the palatals j and g. soft.
    collectively termed lodism , Iodosis, and lodin'ia, IPECACUAN'HA. The pharmacopæial name
    are urgent, the dose may be diminished , or of the Cepha'lis ipecacuan'ha,or Callicoc'ca ipe
    it may be wholly discontinued, and afterwards cacuan'ha, Cagosanga, Ipecacuan'ha root, Ipe
    resumed . cacuan'he radir , Rudiz Brazilien'sis. Nat. Ord.
    Various preparations of Iodine are employed Cinchonaceæ. It is also obtained from the
    in medicine ; as , The lodide of Iron , ( Ferri 10- Psycho'tria emet'ica of Peru .
    didum , F. Ioduretum , ( F. ) Iodure de fer , which The odour of the root is faint and peculiar;
    is sorbefacient and tonic, in the dose of 3 or 4 taste bitter, subacrid and mucilaginous ; both
    Įrains: the Proto - lodide of Mercury , (Hydrar'. water and alcohol extract its virtues : which
    Jyri Proto-lodur d'tum , Ilydrar'gyrum lodatum depend on a peculiar principle, called Emetine.
    flurum , II. Iodidula'tum , H. Jodatum , Jodi'dum It is emetic in large doses ; sudorific in smaller.
    Hydrargyro'sum, Hydrargyri Proto - lodi'dum ,) Dose, as an emetic, gr. xx to xxx, alone , or
    sorbefacient and antisyphilitic in the dose of united with tartarized antimony, gr. i or ij.
    1-12th of a grain ; the Deuto - lodide of Mercury, The White JPECACUAN'ha is obtained from
    (Hydrar'gyri Deuto-lodure'tum , Hydrargyrum different species of Richardsonia and lonidium .
    Joda'tum rubrum , H. Periodd'tum, Jodi'dum The Vio'la ipecacuan'ha also affords it. It is 1
    Hydrargyricum , Biniodide of Mercury,) with weaker than the gray ,
    similar virtues, in the dose of 1-10th of a grain ; IPECACUANHA, Euphorbia corollata - i. Bas
    the lodide of Starch, (lodidum vel loduré'tum tard , Triosteum perfoliatum- .. Blanc de l'Ile
    Am'yli, Am'ylum loda'lum .) a weaker prepara. de France, Asclepias asthmatica-i . Blanc de
    tion than the usual forms of iodine ; the Jodide St. Domingue, Asclepias curassavica-i . of the
    pf Quinine, ( lodidum Quinine,) used in scrofu. Isle of France, Cynanchum vomitorium.
    Jous cases , where jodine and tonics are indi . IPO , Upas .
    cated : the Jodide of Lead , ( Plumbi lodi'dum , P. IPOMEA JALAPA , Convolvulus Jalapa. 1
    Iodure tum ,) used externally in strumous swell. IRA , Rage .
    ings ; the lodide of Potassium ( in solution , Hy. IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi.
    driodate of Polassa ,) see Potassæ Hydriodas ; --. IRALGIA ; from 10ls , the iris,' and anyos,
    the lodo-hydrargyrate of Potassium , (Potassii pain. Pain in the iris.
    Todo-hydrargyras,) made by adding 8 grains of IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi .
    iodide of potassium , dissolved in jo or 15 mi- JRIANCIS'TRON , Iridancist'ron , from (pis, 4

    1
    nims of water, to 11 grains of the deuto -iodide and ayxlotpov , ' a hook .' A hooked instrument, 1
    of mercury,-the properties of which are like used by Schlagintweit in the formation of an
    those of the iodides of mercury ; the lodide of artificial pupil.
    Sulphur, ( Iodure'tum Sulph'uris, Sulph'uris lodi'- IRIDANCISTRON , Iriancistron . !
    dum, Sulphur loda'rum ,) used externally in IRIDECTOMIA Coretomia.
    cutaneous diseases, (gr. x . to cerate 3j.) and IRIDERE’MIA , from 1019 , and toruos , de
    the lodide of Zinc, ( Zinci lodidum , 2.Toda'tum ,) prived of. ' Absence of iris, either apparent or
    externally , (gi to lard zi.). The lodide of Am- real. !
    monium , ( lodi'dum , see Todure'tum Ammoniæ , IRIDODIALYSIS , Coretomia. 1
    Hydriodate of ammonia , ( lodide of ammonia) IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS ; from 1015, ' the
    used in lepra, psoriasis , & c. in the form of oint- iris,' 1801 , around ,' and phucitis, inflammation
    ment Oj- 3j ad adipis 3j ; and the lodide of of the lens. Inflammation of the anterior hemi
    Arsenic ( Arsenici lodidum ,) given internally in sphere of the capsule of the lens.
    similar affections (gr . 1-10th three times a day ; IRIDOTO'MIA , Coretomia.
    or used externally (gr. iij ad adipis Zj .) IRIS , epış , Grammē, so called from its resem .
    IODINIA . See Iodine. bling the rainbow in variety of colours. A
    IODISM . See Iodine . membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior
    JODIUM , Iodine . part of the eye , in the midst of the aqueous
    IODO-HYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSI. humour, in which it forms a kind of circular,
    UM . See Iodine . flat partition , separating the anterior from the
    IODOSIS. See Iodine. posterior chamber. It is perforated by a circu
    IODURETUM AMMONIÆ , see Iodine-i . Iar opening, called the pupil, which is con
    Amyli, see lodine - i. Sulphuris, see lodine .
    stantly varying in its dimensions owing to the
    IÓN , Viola . varying contractions of the fibres of the iris.
    IONIA , Teucrium chamrpitys. Its posterior surface has been called uvea, from
    IONIDIUM MARCUCCI, Cinchunchulli - a the thick , black varnish which covers it. The
    South American plant. Sei Syst. Pentandria greater circumference of the iris is adherent to
    Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Violariæ : said to be the ciliary processes and circle .
    extremely efficacious in the Mal de San Lazaro It has an external plane of radiated fibres and
    of Columbia. an internal one of circular fibres : which serve
    IRIS DES MARAIS 339 IRRITATION

    -the one to dilate , the other to contract the along with attention to other means advisable
    aperture of the pupil. in ophthalmia. The free use of the quinine is
    The iris receives the irian nerves. Its arte. sometimes serviceable .
    ries are furnished by the long ciliary arteries , TRON , Ferrum - i. Ammoniated , Ferrum am
    which form two circles by their anastomoses; moniatum - i. Carburet of, Graphites - i. Black
    th one very broad , near the great circumfe . oxyd of, Oxydum ferri nigrum — i. Filings, pu.
    rence ; the other, smaller, and seated around rified, Ferri limatura purificata - i. Hydrated
    the circumference of the pupil . The veins of oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Hy
    the iris empty themselves into the Vasa corti. drated peroxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum
    cosa, and into the long ciliary veins . -i . Hydrated triioxide of, Ferrum oxydatum
    The use of the iris seems to be : -to regulate, hydratum-1. Hydro -oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum
    by its dilatation or contraction , the quantity of hydratum- i. Todide of, see lodine - i. lactate
    luminous rays , necessary for distinct vision . of, Ferri Lactas- i . Pills of, compound, Pilulæ
    The different colours of the iris occasion the ferri composite - i. Protoxide of, lactate of,
    variety in the colours of the human eye . Ferri Lactas- i . Prolocarbonate of, Ferri Proto
    Iris. See Herpes Iris . carbonas - i. Sulphate of, Ferri sulphas — i. Tar
    IRIS, COMMON , I. Germanica - i. Commun, I. tarized, Ferrum tartarizatum - i. Trito -hydro
    Germanica - i. de Florence, I. Florentina. ferrocyanate of, Prussian blue - i. and Potass,
    Iris FLORENTI'NA, Florentine iris or orris. tartrate of, Ferrum tartarizatum .
    ( F. ) Iris de Florence. The root of this plant is IRREDÚ'CIBLE, ( F. ) Irréducible. An epithet
    extremely acrid in its recent state ; and , when given to fractures, luxations, lerniæ , & c . when
    chewed , excites a pungent heat in the mouth , they cannot be reduced .
    that continues for several hours. When dried , ÚRRÉDUCIBLE , Irreducible .
    the acrimony is lost,or nearly so. and the smell IRRE GʻULAR , Irregula'ris, Anom'alus,
    is very agreeable. It is indebted to its agree. arował.os, from in, ' privative ,' and regʻula , a
    able flavour for its retention in the pharmaco- rule . ' A term , chiefly applied to the types of
    pæias , although it is ranked as an expectorant . disease ; and, also , to ihe pulse , when its beats
    Iris Fetidis'SIMA, Spath'ula fæt'ida, Xyris , are separated by unequal intervals.
    —the stinking iris. (F.) Iris puant , Glayeul IRREPTIO , Attack .
    puant. The root has been held antispasmodic IRRITABILITAS MORBOSA. See Sub
    and narcotic . sultus tendinum .
    Iris GERMAN'ICA. The systematic name of IRRITABIL'ITAS Vesi'c Æ , Cysterethismus.
    the Flower -de- Luce, Iris nostras, Aier'sa, Iris IRRITABILITY, Irritabilitas, from irri'to,
    vulga'ris, Common iris or orris, Gladiolus cæru'. I provoke l'is irritabilita'tis, Vis Vitæ , Vis
    leus, (F. ) Iris common, Flambe. The fresh in'sita of Haller, Vis vita'lis of Gorter, Oscilla'.
    roots have a disagreeable smell and an acrid, lio of Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stahl, Inherent
    nauseous taste. They are powerfully cathartic, power, Contractility, Excitability, Incitability,
    and are given in dropsies, where such remedies & c. A power, possessed by all living,organized
    are indicated. bodies , of being acted upon by certain stimuli ,
    IRIS DES MARAIS, 1. pseudacorus— i. Nos- and of moving responsive , to such stimulation .
    tras, I. Germanica-i . Palustris, I. pseudacorus. It is the ultimate vital property.
    Iris Pseu DAC'Orus . The systematic name IR'RITABLE, Irritavilis. That which is
    of the Yellow water-flag, Iris palustris, Gla- endowed with irritability. Every living or.
    diolus lu'teus, Acorus vulga'ris,Ác'orus adulteri'- ganized tissue is irritable ; that is , capable of
    nus, Pseudac'orus, Bu'tomon , Acorus pulus'tris. feeling an appropriate stimulus, and of moving
    (F. ) Iris des marais, Faur acore, Flambe bâtard , responsive to such stimulus . I. is often used in
    Acore bâtard. The root has an acrid , styptic the same sense as impressible, as when we
    taste. It is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid as- speak of an irritable person , or habit, or temper.
    tringent. The expressed juice is diuretic, and This last condition has been variously termed
    said to be a useful application to serpiginous -Debilitas nervo'sa, D. Erethis'ica, Hypercine'
    and other cutaneous affections. Rubbed on sia nerto'sa , Neurastheni'a , Neurostheni'a, Sen
    the gums, or chewed , it is said to cure tooth- sibilitas anom'ala , S. morbo'sa, S. aucta.
    ache. IRRITAMENTUM METALLICUM , Gal
    IRIS PUANT, I. fætidissima - i. Stinking, I. vanism .
    fætidissima. IRRITANT, Irri'tans. That which causes
    me
    Iris VERSIC'OLOR, Blue flag . The root of this irritation or pain , heat and tension ; eitherscari
    is an active cathartic ; and has been much used , chanically, as punctures, acupuncture, or
    as such, by the American Indians. It is reputed fication ; chemically,as the alkalies , acids, &c.;
    or in a specific manner , as cantharides, & c.
    to be diuretic .
    Iris VULGARIS, I. Germanica. Irritants are of great use in the treatinent of
    TRI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris. The chief disease .
    symptoms are ;-change in the colour of the IRRITATIO , Gargale.
    iris ; fibres less movable ; tooth-like processes IRRITA’TION , Irrita'tio, Erethis mus, from
    shooting into the pupil ; pupil irregularly con - in , priv. and ritus, ' the usual manner.' The
    tracted, with the ordinary signs of inflamma- state of a tissue or organ, in which there is ex
    tion of the eye . If the inflammation does not cess of vital movement ; commonly manifested
    yield , suppuration takes place ; and , although by increase of the circulation and sensibility.
    ihe matter may be absorbed , the iris remains Broussais defines irritation to be ;—the condi
    immovable . It is often caused by syphilis. tion of an organ, the excitation of wbich is
    The general principles of treatment are , to carried to so high a degree, that the equilib
    deplete largely' and 'exhibit mercury freely; Irium , resulting from the balance of all the func
    IS 390 ISCHIO - TROCHANTERIANUS
    tions, is broken . In this signification, he also surrounds the origin of the corpus cavernosum .
    uses the word sur -irritation , which he con. It is fixed below to the inner side of the tubero
    sidered as a higher degree and as the essential sity of the ischium , and above to the root of the
    cause of fever. Irritation is the precursor of penis, where it is confounded with the fibrous
    inflammation . membrane of the corpus cavernosum . It draws
    Morbid IRRITA'TION or constitu'tional irrita- the root of the penis downwards and back.
    tion is that excitement, which occurs after in wards.
    juries done to the body , or to any part thereof; The Isca10- CAVERNOsus of the female, Erec
    -constituting cases of diseased sympathy. tor-clitor'idis, Ischio-clitoridien, Superior rotun '.
    IS , Fibre . dus clitor'idis, Ischio sous-citorien ( Ch .), is ar.
    ISCA, Boletus igniarius . ranged nearly as in the male, but is less bulky.
    ISCHÆMIA , from 19yo, ' I retain ,' and It arises, by aponeurosis, from the tuberosity
    'aqua , blood .' Morbid retention or suppres. of the ischium , and terminates by embracing
    sion of an habitual flux of blood, as of the he- the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris, to the
    morrhoidal or menstrual flux or of epistaxis. erection of which it appears to contribute .
    (9. v.) See Hæmatostatica. ISCHIOCE'LE or ISCHIATOCE'LE, Her .
    ISCHÆ'MON . Same etymon. A medicine, nia ischiatica ; from soylov, ' the ischium ,' and
    which restrains or stops bleeding . xnan , ' tumour.' Ischiatic hernia . One in which
    ISCHIA , MINERAL WATERS OF. In the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch . It
    this volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there is a rare disease. The protruded parts must be
    are several thermal waters : one of which- reduced ; the patient being placed in a favour.
    that of Gurgitello - raises the thermometer of able position, and they must be retained by a
    Fahr . to 1670 bandage .
    ISCHIAGRA , from loyior, ' the haunch ,' ISCHIO -CLITORIA'NUS. That which is
    and ayga, 'a seizure.' A name given to ischia- connected with the ischium and clitoris .
    tic gout . Femoro-popliteal neuralgia (9. v .) bas,
    The Ischio -CLITO'RIAN ARTERY of Chaus.
    also, been so called . sier is a division of the internal pudic, which
    ISCHIALGIA , Nevralgia femoro -poplitæa. furnishes the two arteries of the clitoris — the
    ISCHIAS NERVOSA ANTICA , Neuralgia superficial and deep- seated .
    femoro-pretibialis - i. Nervosa Cotunnii , Neu- The Ischio -CLITORIAN NERVE , of the same
    ralgia femoro- poplitæa - i. Nervosa digitalis , professor, is the superior branch of the pudic
    Neuralgia cubito-digitalis - i. Nervosa postica, nerve , which is distributed to the clitoris.
    Neuralgia femoro - poplitæa - i. à Sparganosi, ISCHIO -CLITORIDIEN, Ischio -cavernous
    Phlegmatia dolens. -i . Coccygeus, Coccygeus - i. Créti-tibial,
    ISCHIATIC or ISCHIAD'IC, Ischiaťicus, Semitendinosus — i. Femoralis, Adductor mag.
    or Ischiad'icus, from10xlor, ' the haunch ;' nus— i. Fémoro -péronier, Biceps flexor cruris
    whence the word Sciatic. An epithet given i . Périncal, Transversus perinæi- i. Popliti
    to parts connected with the ischium . The fimoral, Semi-membranosus - i. Popliti-tibial,
    Sciatic Notches, ( F ) Échancrures ischia . Semi- membranosus—i. Prétibial, Semi-tendi:
    tiques, are formed by this bone ; the IschiATIC nosus -i. Sous-clitorien , Ischio.cavernosus-i.
    SPINE belongs to it, and gives attachment to Sous-trochantérien, Quadratus femorismi. Spini
    the small sacrosciatic ligament. The TubeR- trochantérien, Ischio-trochanterianus - i. Uré
    os'ity of the Ischium , Os sedentarium , Tuber thral, Ischio-cavernosus.
    Ischii, ( F.) Tuberosité sciatique, is formed by it. IS'CHION , Ischium , Os ischii, Os coren'dicis,
    It receives the insertions of different muscles Hip bone, Seat bone, (F.) Os de l'assiette. The
    of the thigh, and forms the projection on which lowermost of the three portions, which com
    the body rests when seated. pose the os innominatum in the fætus and
    The Ischiatic or Sciatic AR'TERY, A Fé. young individual. The inferior region of the
    moro-Poplitée (Ch .) arises singly from ihe hy. same bone has, also , been called ischion, in the
    pogastric, or with the gluteal; and seems to be adult. According to Hesychius, the ancients
    really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo- designated , by the word ischion, the capsular
    gastric. It issues from the pelvis , at the lower ligament of the coxo-femoral articulation, as
    part of the great sciatic notch ; and , afterwards, well as the articulation itself. Some derive
    divides into a considerable number of branches , the word from 10x15, the lumbar region ; others
    which are distributed particularly to the poste. from the verb 1070 , I arrest,' I retain ;' - be
    rior and superior region of the thigh . cause that bone serves as a base or support for
    The Ischiatic VEIN presents the same ar- the trunk , when we are seated.
    rangement. ISCHION , Haunch .
    ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic. ISCHIOPAGE , from Ischion , and nayo, I
    ISCHIATOCELE , Ischiocele . fasten .' A monstrous union of two fætuses, in
    JSCHIDROSIS, from 1o yw, ' I restrain,' and which they are attached to each other by the
    " dows, ' sweat.' Suppression of perspiration . Ischia . - Geoffroy St. Hilaire.
    İSCHIOBLEN'NIA , Ischoblen'nia ,from io yw , ISCHIO -PROSTATICUS, Winslow , Sanc
    ' I restrain,' and pierru, mucus.' The sup- torini, Albinus, and Sömmering, have given
    pression of a morbid but habitual discharge of this name to the fibres of the transversus peri
    mucus.
    næi muscle , which go towards the prostate.
    ISCHIO -CAVERNOʻSUS. Belonging to the ISCHIOSIS, Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa.
    ischiuni and corpus cavernosum . ISCHIO -TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Gem'ini,
    The Ischio -CAVERNOSUS muscle, Collatera'- Gemelli. Part of the Marsupia'lis of Cowper,
    lis, Director penis, Erector penis, Ischio -urd. Car'neum Marsu'pium , Ischio-spini'trochanté.
    thral (Ch.) is a small, long , flat muscle, which rien , Secundus et tertius quadrigem'inus, (F. )
    ISCHNOPHONIA 391 IVY

    Muscle cannelé, Accessoire à l'obturateur in- ! ISSUE PEAS, Aurantia curassaventia , see
    terne. Two small , fleshy bundles, long and Fonticulus .
    flat, which arise , -the superior on the outside ISTHME DU GOSIER , Isthmus of the
    of the sciatic spine ; the inferior behind the fauces.
    tuberosity of the ischium. Both pass horizon . ISTHMION , Isthmus, Pharynx.
    tally outwards, and are attached to the tendon
    of the obturator internus, which they accom - Aammation of theInflamma'tio
    ISTHMI'TIS, Fau'cium . Pha
    fauces. See Cynanche In .
    pany into the fossa of the trochanter. These
    muscles are rotators of the lower limb out. ryngea and Angina,
    wards . IŠTHMOS, Pharynx.
    They can , also , turn the pelvis on the
    femur, in standing on one foot. ISTHMUS, Isth'inion. A tongue of land ,
    ISCHN OPHONIA , from co gvos, slender ," separate
    joining sa iwo
    peninsula a continent; or which
    seas . toAnato
    and φωνή, voice .' Slenderness of voice.- the name Isthmus of the mists
    Fauce haveusgiven
    s, Isthm Fau
    Hipp ., Galen . cium , Claustr um Gutturi s, Isthme du go.
    ISCHNOTES, Emaciation, (F.)
    strait which separates the mouth
    ISCHO, como,' Ikeep back,' ' I restrain , ' ' I sier,
    Hence :
    hold firm .
    from tothethe
    pharynx . It is formed above by the
    ISCHOBLENNIA , Ischioblennia . velum palati and uvula ; at the sides, by the
    ISCHOCOILIA , Constipation . pillars of the fauces and the tonsils ; and be.
    ISCHOGALACTIA , from ισχω, and γαλα, low, by the base of the tongue.
    milk . ' Want of milk in the mammæ . The ISTAMUS
    OF THE THYROID GLAND is a
    ISCHOLOCHIA OR ISCHOLOCHI'A , narrow band , that unites the two chief lobes
    fromcoyo , ' I restrain,' and àoxria ,'the lochial composing the thyroid
    The IsthmUS OF THEgland.
    Fossa Ova'lis, Isthmus
    discharge .' Suppression of the lochial dis- Vieusse'ni , is the prominent arch, formed above
    charge .
    ISCHOMENIA , Amenorrhæa. the fossa ovalis by the union of the two pillars
    ISCHURETIC , Ischuret'icum . which bound thecavity.
    Same ety . Isthmus Hep Lob
    atis , see ulusano nymus
    mon as the next. A medicine for relieving i. Vieussenii, Isthmus of the fossa ovalis — j.
    suppression of urine .
    ISCHU'RIA , Urine suppres'sio, Stoppage of Vieussenii , see Ovalis
    ITCH , Psora fossa.
    - i. Weed , Veratrum viride .
    urine, Suppres'sio lotii, Puru’ria retentio'nis; ITCHING , Parap'sis pruritus, Au'lalgia
    from 10xm, ' I arrest,' I retain ,' and ougor, prurigino'sa , Pruri'tus, Pruri'go, Cnesmos,( .)
    ' urine . ' Impossibility of discharging the urine. Prurit, Démangeaison . A sensation, more in
    Generally restricted to suppression of the se- convenient than painful; seated especially at
    cretion , or to renal Ischuria or Anu'ria . which provokes
    The Iscauria VERA is thatin which the urine the the surface of scratch
    patient to theandpart.
    the body,
    having accumulated in the bladder,the patient either an external or an internal It may nbe;
    sensatio
    isunable to pass it, notwithstanding the incli- that is, produced by an external body ,or by
    nation, which constantly distresses him. In some modification in the organic actions of
    the False ischuria, Puru’ria inops, Ischuria no- the part to which it is referred .
    tha, owing to some disease of the kidney or ITEA , Salix .
    ureters, the urine cannot reach the bladder.
    auremINFUNDIBUL
    ITERadAD
    Ischuria has likewise received various other Palato UM , Vulva
    , Eustachian tube-. - i, a
    ad Quar
    names, according to the seat and character of tum ventriculum , Aquæductos Sylvii - i. ad
    the obstacle, which opposes the exit of the Tertium ventriculum , Vulva - i. Urinarium ,
    urine : hence the expressions — Renal, Ureteric, Urethra ..
    Vesical, Urethral, and Calculous Ischuria. The
    Desical Ischuria is synonymous with Retention ITHYPHAL'LUS, from 19us, straight,' and
    of Urine, which see. qaldos, ' penis.' An amulet, in the form of a
    the neck , to which
    ISCHURIA. PHIMOSICA, see Phimosicus — i. penis , anciently worn roundproperties.
    Urethralis à phimosi, see Phimosicus-i. Ve were attributed alexiterial
    sicalis, Retention of urine. ITINERARIUM , Conductor, Director.
    ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla . ITIS ; frem it , 5, bold , rash . A suffix, des
    ISIR, Elixir. noting inflammation - as encephalitis. Inflam
    ISIS NOBILIS . See Coral . mation of the Encephalon. Pleuritis ; inftam
    ISOCH'RONOUS, Isod'romos, from 100s, mation of the pleura.
    equal,' and zpovos,' time. That which takes IVA , Teucrium iva-i . Arthritica , Teucrium
    place in the same time, orin equal times. The chamæpitys --1. Moschata inonspeliensium ,Teu
    pulsations ofthe arteries, in variousparts of crium iva — i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla.
    the body, are nearl isoch
    y ronous. IVETTE MUSQUÉE , Teucrium iva-i. Pe.
    ISOCH'RYSON , Auro compar ; from cooş, tite, Teucrium chamæpitys.
    equal,' and xquoos,' gold .'. A collyrium , de- I'VORY ; Ebur, Elephas. The tusk of the
    scribed by Galen as worth its weight in gold . elephant. It is chiefly composed of phosphate
    Libavius has also given this name to an amal- of lime, and is used for the fabrication of pessa
    gam , made with equal parts of antimony and ries, artificial teeth , handles ofinstruments , & c .
    mercury . Formerly , it entered into some pharmaceutical
    ISOCRATES ; from 100%, ' equal ,' and xe- preparations, when calcined to whiteness. It
    ραννυμι , ' I mix. A mixture of equal parts of was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic ,
    wine and water. - Hippocrates. and was called Spodium .
    ISODROMOS, Isochronous. JVY , Hedera helix , Kalmia angustifolia - i.
    ISOLUSINE. See Polygala senega . Ground , Glecoma hederacea.
    IXIA 392 JIMSTON WEED

    IXIA , Varix, Viscum album . IXUS , Galiuni aparine.


    IXINE , Atractylus gummifera. IXYS, Irye. Used by different authors for
    IXIR, Elixir. the ilia, fanks, and loins ; most frequently for
    IXOS, Viscum album . the last. - Hippocr.

    J.

    JACA INDICA , Thymus mastichina. Fabn cathartica , Arella'na cathar'tica, Nur ca


    JACEA, Viola tricolor - j. Ramosissima, Cen- thur'tica America'na, Nur Barbaden'sis; Physic
    taurea calcitrapa. Nut. ( F.) Pignon d'Inde, Medicinier cathar
    JACK IN THE HEDGE , Alliaria. tique, Grand haricol de Pérou , Pignon de Bar
    JACOBÆA , Senecio Jacobæa . burie, Nois cathartique, N. Americaine oudes
    JACOBÉE, Senecio Jacobæa . Burbades. Nat . Order, Euphorbiaceæ. The
    JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS. See Pe. seeds of this plant afford a quantity of oil,
    trosal ganglion . which is given, in many places, like the castor
    JACTA'TION or JACTITATION, Jucta'tio, oil ; to which, indeed , it is nearly allied. They
    Rhiptas'mos , Jactita'tio, from jacta're, to toss contain a peculiar acid , the Jatrophic or Igas
    about. ' Extreme anxiety ; excessive restless- uric.
    ness ;-a symptom observed in serious diseases . The seeds of the Jatropha Multif'ida are
    JACTITATIO , Inquietude. called Purging Nuts, and give out a siinilar oil.
    JADE NÉPHRITE OU ORIENTALE, Ne. JATROPH A ELASTICA . See Caoutchouc.
    phreticus lapis . JATROPHA MANIHOT. The plant affording
    JAGRE . See Tari . the Cassa'da or Cassa'da Root, Cuca'vi, Cas
    JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de- sa'vë, Caza'bi, Pain de Madagascar, Ric'inus
    candra. minor, Man'ioc, Magnoc, Man'iot, Yucca, Manii
    JALAPINE . See Convolvulus jalapa. bar, Aipi, Aipima cozera, Aipipoca , Janipha.
    JALAPIUM , Convolvulus jalapa. The juice of the root is extremely acrid and
    JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa — j. Alba, poisonous. What remains,after expressing it,
    Convolvulus mechoacan . is formed into cakes or meal ; of which the
    JALEYRAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cassada or Cassava bread is formed . This
    These waters are sitnate two leagues from bread constitutes a principal food of the inba
    Mauriac in France , on the road from Clermont bitants of those parts where it grows .
    in Auvergne. The waters contain lime and The fecula of the root forms the Tapioca,
    carbonate of soda , and are esteemed to be tonic, Cipipa, Fec'ula Tapio'ka, which is very nutri
    aperient, &c . tious.
    JAMAICA BARK TREE, Bursera gum- JAUNDICE , Icterus - j. Black , Melæna - j.
    mifera . Red , Phenigmus.
    JAMAICINE . See Geoffræa inermis. JAUNE, Yellow - j. d'Euf, see Ovum .
    JAMBES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti- JAUNISSE , Icterus .
    formia . JAW BONE, Maxillary bone.
    JAMBIER, Tibial - j. Antérieur , Tibialis anti- JEAN -DE -GLAINES, ST. MINERAL
    cus - j. Grêle, Plantar muscle — j. Postérieur, WATERS OF. These waters are situate two
    Tibialis posticus . leagues from Billom in Auvergne . They con
    JAMES TOWN WEED, Datura stramo- tain muriate of lime, and carbonate of mag
    nium . nesia ; dissolved in an excess of curvonic acid .
    JANAMUNDA , Geum urbanum . JECORARIA , Marchantia polymorphin.
    JANIPHA , Jatropha manihot. JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic.
    JANITOR , Pylorus . JECTIGATIO . A word , used by Van Hel.
    JANITRIX , Þorta vena. mont for a species of epilepsy or convulsion.
    JANON - TARENTISME, Tarantismus. JECUR , Liver - j. Ulterinum , Placenta .
    JARRET, Poples . JEJUNITAS, Hunger .
    JARRETIER, Poplitæus , muscle . JEJUNIUM , Hunger, Fasting.
    JARRETIÈRE, ( F. ) Peris'celis, a garter, from JEJU'NUM , from jejunus, empty ;' Nestis,
    garetum or garretum ; in low Latin, the ham. rnotiş. The part of the small intestine, com
    A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which occupies prised between the duodenum and ileum . It
    the part of the leg, where the garter is worn. has been so called , because it is almost always
    JASMIN , Jasminum officinale. found empty in the dead body .
    JASMINUM ARABICUM , Coffea Arabum . JELLY , Gelly- j. of the Cord , Gelatine of
    JASMINUM OFFICINA'LE, Jasminum , Jesemi. Wharton .
    num ; the Jes'samine. (F.) Jasmin . The flowers JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA , Che
    of this beautiful plant have a very fragrant nopodium anthelminticum .
    smell , and a bitter taste . They afford, by dis- JESEMINUM , Jasminum officinale .
    tillation , an essential oil; which is inuch JESSAMINE , Jasminum officinale-j . Yel
    esteemed in Italy , for rubbing paralytic limbs, low , Gelseminum nitidum .
    and in the cure of rheumatic pains. JEUNESSE , Adolescence.
    JATROPHA CURCAS , Ric'inus major, JEW'S EAR , Peziza auricula..
    Ricinoï'des, Pincus purgans, Pinho'nes In'dici, JIMSTON WEED , Datura stramonium .
    JOANNESIA PRINCEPS 393 JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS
    JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda . cious and mild laxative, in doses of from 10 to
    JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 20 grains . It is in the secondary list of the
    Several springs are found at Joannette , about Pharmacopæia of the United States.
    five leagues from Angers, in France . The JU'GULAR , Jugula'ris, from jug'ulum , " the
    waters are both cold and warm , and contain throat.' Relating to the throat.
    sulphate of lime ; subcarbonate of soda ; inuri. JUGULAR VEINS, Vene Jugula'res, V.sphagit'.
    ate of soda ; some iron ; muriate of lime ; and, ides, V. apoplec'ticæ , V. sopordles. These are
    sometimes , a kind of saponaceous matter. They situate at the lateral and anterior parts of the
    are chiefly used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucor- the
    neck.other
    They are two on each side ; one external,
    rhea, đc. internal .
    JOHNE , MINERAL WATERS OF. 1. The Erlernal Jugular Vein ,-Trachelo .
    Johne is a village near Dol in Franche -Comté, sous-cutané , (Ch ,) is of less size than the in
    France, where is a mineral spring, which con- ternal. It 'descends, almost vertically, along
    tains subcarbonate of soda , and subcarbonates the anterior and lateral part of the neck , from
    of magnesia and iron . It is used chiefly as a the cervix of the lower jaw to the subclavian
    bath in certain diseases of the skin, and other vein, into which it opens, a little above the in .
    atonic affections. ternal jugular. It is formed by the internal
    JOINT, Articulation - j Ball and socket, En- marillary , superficial temporal, and posterior
    arthrosis -j. Dovetail, Suture -- j. Stiff, Anky- auricular veins. It is this vein , which is com
    losis. inonly opened in bleeding in the neck .
    JONC ODORANT, Juncus odoratus-j . 2. The Internal Jugular Vein , V. Céphalique
    Roseau, Acorus calamus. (Ch ,) Vena apoplectica, is much larger and
    JONAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. This more deeply seated than the preceding. It
    spring is situate to the south west of Bourbon- descends, vertically, along the anterior and
    l'Archambault, in France . The waters contain lateral part of the neck, from the posterior part
    muriate and sulphate of lime; muriate and of the foramen lacerum posterius as far as the
    sulphate of soda ; carbonate of iron and car- subclavian vein . It commences at the sinus of
    bonic acid gas. They are tonic and aperient. the jugular vein , and receives the blood , which
    JOUAN, ST ., MINERAL WATERS OF. returns by the sinus of the dura mater, and that
    St. Jouan " is a village, near Saint- Malo, in of the facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior thy
    France . The water is a cold chalybeate . roid, occipital, anddiploic veins.
    JOUBARBE ACRE, Sedum - j. des Toits, The Fossa Jugula'ris is a cavity in the petro
    Sempervivum tectorum- ;. des Vignes, Seduin occipital suture . It is formed by the petrous
    telephium . portion of the temporal bone, and by the occi
    JOUE, Genu . pital bone , and lodges the origin of the internal
    JOULOS , Julus. jugular vein . It is, sometimes, called thimble.
    JOUR , Dies. like cavity.
    JOURS CANICULAIRES, Dog days - j. JUGULUM , Throat,
    Critiques, Critical days — j. Indicateurs, Indi . JUGUM PENIS , Presse- urethre .
    cating days. JUJUBE , Ziz'iphum . The fruit of the Rham .
    JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decandra. nus Ziziphus, a native of the south of Europe.
    JUDÆUS, JUDAICUS, (Lapis), Phænici'. It was formerly ranked amongst the pectoral
    tes Lapis, Tecolithos, (F.) Pierre Judaique. A fruits . It has an agreeable sweet taste .
    stone, found in Judæa, Palestine , & c. Called, JULAPIUM , Julep - j. Camphoræ, Mistura
    also , Lupis Syriacus. It was formerly esteemed camphoræ .
    to be diuretic and lithontriptic. JULEB, Julep .
    JUDGMENT, Judic'ium , ( F.) Jugement . JUL EP, Jula'pium , Jule'pus, Zula'pium ;
    The faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are Juleb of the Persians. A sweet drink . A
    compared with each other, and their relative demulcent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture.
    worth appreciated. JULEP, CAMPHOR , Mistura camphoræ -- j.
    JUDICIUM , Judgment . Camphré ,Mistura camphoræ .
    JUGAL PROCESS, Zygomatic process. JULUS , Julos, loulos, lov2.04. The first
    JUGA'LIS SUTU'RA , from Cuyov, ' a yoke.' down that appears upon the chin . - Rufus of
    The suture , which unites the Os Male or Os Ephesus.
    Jugale with the superior maxillary bone . Also , JUMEAU, Gemellus.
    the sagittal suture . JUMEAUX DE LA JAMBE, Gastrocnemii.
    JUGEMENT, Judgment. JUMELLE , Gemellus.
    JUGLANS REGIA, Juglans, Nux Juglans, JUNCTURA , Articulation .
    Carya basil'ica , ragua, Carya. The Walnut, JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, Andropo'gon che
    (F.) Noyer (the tree ; ) Noiz (the nut.) The nan'thus, Fænum camelo'rum, Juncus aromal'.
    unripe fruit, in the state in which it is pickled, icus-- Camel's lay, Sweet rush, Schænan'thus,
    was formerly esteemed an anthelmintic. The Calamus odora'tus, Squinan'thus , Gramen ori
    putamen or green rind of the walnut has been enla'le. ( F.) Jonc odorant. The dried plant,
    celebrated as a powerful antisyphilitic ; and which is generally procured from Turkey and
    used as a sort of diet drink . The kernel of the Arabia , has an agreeable smell , and a warm ,
    walnut is an agreeable article of dessert ; but, bitterish taste. It was formerly used as a sto
    like all the nuts, difficult of digestion . machic and deobstruent .
    JUGLANS CINEREA , Butter Nut, White Walnut. JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis.
    The inner bark of the root of this tree , which JUNIP'ERUM VINUM . Wine impregnated
    is abundant in the United States, is used in with juniper berries.
    medicine, in the form of extract, as an a JUNIPER COMMU'NIS , Arceu'tos, The
    50
    KAATH 394 KALMIA ANGUSTIFOʻLIA

    Juniper tree ;Akatalis, Akat'era . Fumily , Coni. JUNK , Pad .


    feræ. Ser. Syst. Ditecia Monadelphia. The JUNO'LUCINA , Ilithyia.
    tops and berriesare ordered in the pharmaco. JUPITER , Tin .
    pæias. Their odour is strong , but not unplea- JURIBALI, Euribali. A tree in the forests
    sant. Taste warm , pungent. Properties de- of Pomeroon ; Nat . Fum . Meliaceæ . Class,
    pendent upon essential oil, which they yield to Octandria. Order , Monogynia. The bark is
    both water and alcohol. Dose, aj to 3 ss , febrifuge, and may be given in powder or in
    rubbed with sugar. In Holland, juniper berries fusion. (Zi to aq . bullient. O. ij . )
    are used for flavouring the gin. The oil, Oleum JURISPRU'DENCE , (Medical ,) Jurispru
    juniperi, possesses the virtues of the plant . It den'tiu Med'ica. This word is often used sy K
    is called by Ruland, Targar. (F.) Genérrier nonymously with Legal Medicine , which see.
    (the plant ,) Genièrre (the berry . ) It is now , as frequently perhaps, employed for
    JUNIPERUS Lycia . This plant- Thurea , Th.the embodied laws and regulations that relate K
    virga, Arbor thurif'era, has been supposed to to the teaching and practice of medicine. K
    afford the true franhincense, Cedros, Olil'anum , JUS , Zomos, Conos. Soup , broth , or bouillon . - K
    Thus Libano'tos, Lil'anos, Thus mas'culum , Thus Jus COAGULATUM , Gelly . K
    derum . ( F. ) Encens. By some, however , it is sup- Jus D'HERBES, (F.) The juice of certain obta
    posed to be the produce of an Amyris, and by vegetables administered as depuratives ; as the Soca
    others of the Boswellia serra'ta. The odourof oli juices of fumitory, burdock , water trefoil, &c . K.
    banum is peculiar and aromatic : taste bitterish Jus JELATUM , gelly—j . de Réglisse, see Gly
    and slightly pungent; partly soluble in alcohol, cyrrhiza - j. de Vianile , see Bouillon. The
    and forming a milky emulsion, when triturated JUSQUTAMUS , Hyoscyamus.
    with water . It was formerly used in dysentery JUSQUIAUME, Hyoscyamus.
    019
    and hemoptysis, but is now never employed, JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso — j. Adha
    except as a perfume in a sick room . toda , Adhatoda .
    JUNIPERUS SABINA , Sabina, Savina, Sabina Justicia EcBOL'IUM , Carim curini. A Mala
    ster'ilis, Bruta , Cedrus baccifera, Common or bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves , in
    barren savin; Brathu , Brathys, Barathron, decoction, are considered in the country to be Ста
    borathron , ( F.) Subine, Sarinier. The odour of lithontriptic.
    savin leaves is strong and disagreeable . Taste Justi'cra PECTORA'lis . A West India plant,
    hot, acrid , and bitter, depending on an essential which is slightly astringent. (F. ) Carmantine, 4
    oil. Its operation is stimulant, emmenagogue, C. Pectorole, Herbe aur Charpentiers.
    anthelmintic ,and abortive ; externally , escharo- JUVANS, Auxilium , Remed'ium . A medi
    tic. Dose, internally, gr.v to x of the powder. cine or substance of any kind, which relieves a
    As an escharotic, it is applied in powder or disorder. KE
    formed into a cerate . The oil has the virtues JUVENTUS, Adolescence. KI
    of the savine . JUXTAPOSITION . The mode of increase,
    JUNIPERUS VIRGINIA'NA, Red cedar. This proper to minerals; which consists in the suc KI
    tree is known throughout the United States by cessive application of new molecules upon
    the name ofsavine,and is often used for the same those that form the primitive nucleus. It is op gays.
    purposes. posed to intussusception. KI
    kan
    ΕΙ
    art
    KE
    K. teso
    and it

    K. This letter was formerly used to designate cum calce-k . Chloricum , Potassæ murias hy. TU
    a compound of gold . peroxygenatus_k . Hydriodinicum , see Potas
    KAATH , Catechu . sæ hydriodas - k. Nitricum , Potassæ nitras- k .
    KAAWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink , Osalicum acidulum , Potass, oxalate of — k . Præ
    prepared from maize . paratum , Potassæ subcarbonas - k . Præparatum
    KABALA , Cabal. e tartaro , see Potash - k . Purum , Potassa fusa
    KÆMPFERIA GALANGA . See Maran . k . Spinosum cochleatum , Salsola kali- k. Sub
    ta Galanga. carbonas, Potassæ subcarbonas - k . Sulphas, Po
    KÆMPFE'RI ROTUN'DA, Zedoa'ria , Amo'mum tassæ sulphas - k . Sulphuricum , Potassæ sulphas
    zedoaria, Colchicum Zeylun'icum ,Zedoary. (F.) -k . Sulphuretum , Potassæ sulphuretum - k. 4
    Zédoaire rond . The roots of this Ceylonese Tartarizatum , Potassæ tartras - k . e tartaro, see bar
    plant have a fragrant smell,and warm , bitterish, Potash - k . Vitriolatum , Potassæ sulphas.
    aromatic taste . They are in wrinkled , gray, KALICUM HYDRAS, Polassa fusa . Y

    ash -coloured, heavy , firm , short pieces; of a KALIUM IODATUM . See Potassæ hy
    brownish red colour within ; and are stimulant driodas.
    and carminative. Dose, Əj to zj of the powder . KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA , Iry, Nurrow
    KAHINCÆ RADIX , Caincæ radix, leared laurel, Droarf laurel. This plant has the
    KAIB , Kayl. A word , employed by the al. same virtues as the next.
    chemists for sour and coagulated milk. KALMIA LATIFO'lia, Calico lush , Broad
    KAJEPUT, Cajeput. leared laurel. This plant kills sheep and other
    KALI , Potash - k. Acetas, Potassæ acetas, animals. The Indians use it as a poison . The AL
    k . Aeratum , Potassæ carbonas- k . Causticum , powdered leaves have been applied successfully
    Potassa fusa - k . Causticum cum calce, Potassa in tinea capitis ; and a decoction of it has been
    KAMPHUR 395 KIESTEINE

    used for the itch . The powder, inired with tracting teeth. It consist of a firm handle,
    lard , has been applied in herpes. with a claw at right angles to it, and moving
    KAMPHUR , Camphor. upon a pivot . This claw embraces the tooth.
    KAPHUR , Camphor. It has undergone several modifications ; and
    KARABE , Asphaltum . hence various instruments are used under this
    KARABITUS, Phrenitis. denomination. The French have the Clef à
    KARENA , Carena . pompe, Clef à pivot, and Clef à noir .
    KASSADER , Convolvulus panduratus. KEYRI CHEIRI , Cheiranthus cheiri.
    KASSAUDER , Convolvulus panduratus . KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben.
    KATASARCA , Anasarca. KIAS'TER, Chiaster , from xračerv , ' to cross.'
    KATASTALTICA, Astringents . A species of bandage, having the form of the
    KAVIAC , Caviare. Greek letter x which the ancients used for ap
    KAYL , Kaib . proximating, and maintaining in contact, the
    KELOID, Cancroid . fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of
    KELOTOMIA , Celotomia . that bone. It was applied in the form of the
    KELP, Varec. The impure mineral alkali , figure 8.
    KIBISTITOME, Cystitome.
    obtained by burning certain marine plants. See
    Soda . KIDNEY . Its etymology is uncertain . Se
    KENNELWORT , Scrophularia nodosa. renius derives it fancifully from Su . Goth .
    KENTUCKY , MINERAL WATERS OF. qued , the belly ; and nigh , ( quasi, quidney .)
    The Olympian Springsin this state are near Ren, Nephros, Protme'sis. (F.) Rein. The kid
    the sources of Licking river. There are three neys are the secretory organsof the urine . They
    different kinds, in the space of half a mile. are two glands, situate deeply ,- the one on the
    One of these is saline, impregnated with sul:right, and the other on the left side,-in the hy.
    phur ;-another is a chalybeate, and a third a pochondres ; at the sides of the lumbar verte
    sulphureous spring. In various parts of Ken- bre ; behind the peritoneum ; and in the midst
    tucky , there are saline waters, which are fre of an abundant, fatty cellulartissue, called Tuni
    cil adiposa.
    quented by invalids. The Salines at Bigbone, colour The ;and
    ; oval form kidney is of a onreddish
    tlattened brown
    twosurfaces.
    formerly employed in the manufacture of salt, it has, at its internal margin, a deep fissure, by
    are now resorted to by invalids. which the renal vessels and nerves enter or quit
    A spring , nearHarrodsburg in Mercer coun .
    ty , is strongly impregnated with sulphate ofthe organ , and the ureter issues. It resembles,
    inagnesia. pretty accurately , the haricot or kidneybean.
    KERATOGLOSSUS, Ceratoglossus. Two substances are readily distinguishable in
    it; --the outer, Secerning or Cortical, Substan'.
    KERATO -IRITIS , Aquo -Membranitis. tia cortica'lis, S. glandulo'sa , which secretes the
    KERATOMUS , Ceratotomus.
    KERATONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. urine ; and the inner, Tubular, Medullary or
    KERATOPHARYNGEUS, Ceratopharyn- sa,Uriniferous , Substantia medulla'ris,
    underS. the
    Tubulo
    form'.
    s. Fibro'sa, which appears
    geus .
    KERATOSTAPHYLINUS , Ceratostaphy . of
    ingsmall
    from cones or unequal
    the union of smallpapille,
    capillaryeach result
    tubes, ad
    linus .
    herent by one of their extremities to the corti
    KERATOTOMUS , Ceratotomus, Knife , ca- cal substance ; and opening, by the other, at
    taract. summit of the cone , into calices, a species
    themembranous
    KERMES OR CHERMES . One of the spe- of tubes, more or less numerous,
    cies of the genus kermes lives on a green oak, which transmit the urine of the papillæ to the
    and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes animal, Coc. pelvis. By this (pelvis) is meant a small , mem
    cum , Cocci granum , Coccum baph'icum , infecto'. branous sac, of an irregularly oval shape, at the
    rium, tincto'rium , scarlati'num , & c. The oak , base of which are the orifices of the calices ;
    to which allusion has been made, is known by and the other extremity of which is continuous
    botanists under the name, Quercus cocrif'era, with the ureter. The kidney is surrounded by
    and grows abundantly in the uncultivated lands a fibrous membrane proper to it .
    of southern France , Spain , and in the islands KIDNEY, Bright's DISEASE OF THE . Morbus
    of the Grecian Archipelago. The kermes, in- Brightii ,Nephritis albumino'sa , Granular Kid
    habiting it, has the appearance of a small, ney of Bright,( F.) Muladie de Bright. A gra
    spherical, inanimate shell. Its colour is reddish nular disease of the cortical part of the kidney,
    brown ; and it is covered with a slightly ash . which gives occasion to the secretion of urine
    coloured dust. This is the kermes of the shops. that contains albumen , and of less specific
    It is now only used in dyeing ; but was formerly gravity than natural , and which destroys by in
    reputed to possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti- ducing other diseases. It was first described by
    abortive, and other virtues. Dr. Bright
    Kermes Mineral , See Antimonii sulphu- years ago. of London , about ten or twelve
    retum præcipitatum. KIDNEY , GRANULAR, OF Bright, Kidney,
    KERUA , Ricinus communis. Bright's disease of the .
    KETCHUP OR CATCHUP. A pickle pre KIESTEINE, Kiesline , Kiestina . A peculiar
    pared from the liquor of the mushrooin , walnut, substance , which forms a pellicle on the urine
    tomata , &c . of a pregnant female, when allowed to stand
    KETMIA ÆGYPTIACA , Hibiscus abel- for a few days. It is whitish , opalescent, slight
    moschus. ly granular, and may be compared to the fatty
    KEY, Claris, Cleis, Clavis An'glica ,(F.) Clef substance that swims on the surface of soups,
    de Garangrot. ' An instrument, used for ex. after they have been allowed to cool. When
    KILOGRAMME 396 KNIFE

    taken in conjunction with the other phenomena KNIFE . Sax . cnip . Swed. Knif. Dan.
    it is an aid in the diagnosis of pregnancy. Kniv. (F.) Canif. Culter, Smile, Cultellus,
    KILOGRAMME, Chiliogram'ma, from Xidio, Toméi'on , Tomeus,Macha'ra, Macha'rion , Mac
    " a thousand ,' and ypauna, a gramme.' The cha'ris, ( F.) Couteau. A cutting instrument,
    weight of a thousand grammes ;-(wo pounds , used in surgery, to divide the soft parts , and
    eight ounces, one drachin , and twenty -four which only differs from the bistouri or scalpel
    grains, Troy. in being commonly larger.
    KILOLITRE , from 11101, ' a thousand,'and The inost common knives are the following :
    hitga , ' a litre .' A ineasure, containing a thou- AMPUTATION KNIFE , ( F.) Couteau à amputa
    sand litres. tion, C. droit, Culter rectus. This is the largest
    KINA KINA , Cinchona. of the knives used in surgery . Formerly, they
    KINANCIE , Cynanche. were curved ; now they are straight and pro
    KINCOUGH , Pertussis. vided with one or two edges.
    KINDCOUGH , Pertussis. CAT'ARACT KNIFE , Ceratot'omus , Keratot'.
    KING'S EVIL , Scrofula. omus, ( F.) Couteau à cataracle. Tlie cataract
    KINICI ACETAS, Quinine , acetate of. knives of Richter, Wenzel, Ward , and others,
    KININUM , Quinina. being intended to perform the section of the
    KINKINA , Cinchona. transparent cornea,are so shaped as to exactly
    KINO , Gummi Gambien'së, Gummi rubrum till the small wound made by them ; and thus
    adstrin'gens Gambien'sē, African kino, East to prevent the discharge of the aqueous hu
    India kino, Amboy'na kino, Gummi adstringens mour, until the section is completed . The blade
    Fothergilli. The tree , whence this resin is of the knives of Wenzel and Ward , resembles
    obtained, though not botanically ascertained, a very narrow lancet, blunt in the posterior
    is known to grow in Africa on the banks of the five -sixths of one of its edges. The blade of
    Gambia . The London college ascribe it to the that of Richter is pyramidal, cutting through
    Pterocar' puserina'cea , the Edinburgh to the Eu- the whole length of its inferior edge, and also
    calyptus resinif'era , and the Dublin to the Bu- blunt in the five- sixths of the upper.
    teu frondo'sa . On wounding the bark, the kino The Crotch ET ENTE, Cultellus uncus, (F.)
    flows drop by drop. Kino consists ,chiefly, of Couteau à crochet. A steel instrument, com
    tannin , gallic acid ,oxide of iron , and colouring posed of a round staff, furnished with a handle
    matter . It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish at one extremity, and at the other with a curved
    bitter ; and it is sometimes gritty between the knife. It was formerly used to cut to pieces
    teeth . It comes to us in fragments of a dark monstrous fætuses in utero ; and to open the
    ruby red colour, and is easily pulverized. Its head when necessary,
    properties are powerfully astringent. Dose , gr. Double EDGED KNIFE , Anceps cultellus,
    x to gr . xx , in powder. Amphis'mela , Amphismile, Catling, ( F. ) Cou.
    KIONORRHAPHIA , Staphyloraphy. teau à deur tranchans, Couteau désarticulateur,
    KI'OTOME , Kiot'omus ; from zior, a pillar , ' C. interosseur. A knife , the blade of which is
    support, ' and TEMVEIV, ' to cut.' ( F. ) Coupe. straight and sharp on both sides. It is used for
    bride. An instrument, invented by Désault, to disarticulating bones; and for cutting the soft
    cut any accidental brides or filaments in the parts situate between the bones , in amputation
    rectum and bladder ; and which he, afterwards, of the leg and forearm .
    used for the removal of the tonsils. It is com- Crooked KNIFE, Culter falca'tus,Culter cur.
    posed of a fat, silver sheath ; open at one edge. dus, (F.) Couteau courbe. A knife, which is
    This sheath is provided with a cutting blade , crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It was
    which can be forced through the opening, and formerly employed in amputation of the limbs .
    thus all the parts can be divided with which it CHESELDEN'S KNIFE . A knife with a fixed
    comes in contact. handle ; very convex on its edge , concave on
    KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. the back , and which was used by Cheselden in
    KIRATE. A weight of four grains according lithotomy.
    to Blancard . KNIFE EN SERPETTE, (F.) Couteau en ser
    KIRRHONO'SIS , Cirrhonosis. pette. A sort of knife ,of the shape of a ser
    KIRRHO'SIS , Cirrhonosis. pette or pruning knife , invented by Desault for
    KIRSCHWASSER (G.) Cherry waler. An dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus,
    alcoholic liquor, obtained from cherries bruised for the purpose of extracting fungi from it.
    with their stones, by subjecting them to distil. Lentic'ULAR KNIFE , Culter lenticula'ris, (F. )
    lation, after having caused them to ferment. Couteau lenticulaire. An instrument, used in
    See Spirit. the operation of trepanning, for removing in
    KIST. A weight of 14 grains.- Paracelsus. equalities in the inner table of the skull , which
    KLAPROTHI SULPHAS ,Cadmii Sulphas. may have been left by the crown of the trephine
    KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM . See around the opening made by it . It is formed
    Cadmii Sulphas. of a lenticular button , fixed at the extremity of
    KLEPTOMA’NIA ; from xierto , “ I steal , an iron staff, which is convex on one side, flat
    and mania . Insanity , with an irresistible pro- on the other ; sharp at both edges and mounted
    pensity to steal. on an ebony handle.
    KLOPEMA’NIA , Clopema'nia from xłonin, LITHOT'OMY KNIFE , ( F.) Couteau lithotome.
    theft ,' and uaria ,' mania .' Monomania , with A name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the
    an irresistible desire to steal . narrow blade of which, four and a half inches
    KNEADING , Shampooing. in length , was sharp in its whole extent , and
    KNEE -SCAB, Crusta genu equinee -- k . En- made an obtuse angle with the handle. He used
    circled hoof, Crusta genu equinar . it in the lateral operation.
    KNOT, PACKER'S 397 LABIAL

    KNOT, PACKER'S , ( F.) Næud d'emballeur. calls congenital distortion of the feet, Club
    A compressive bandage, used for arresting foot, Tal'ipes, ( F. ) Pied bot. of this there are
    hemorrhage from the temporal artery or its many varieties. In the first, the foot, instead
    branches . The naud d'emballeur is made with of resting on the soil, by the whole plantar sur.
    a double -headed roller, five ells long. A gra- face, touches it only with the metatarso.pha.
    duated compress is placed over the opening in langian articulations. It seems as if turned
    the artery , and the bandage is applied over it ; backwards and broken upon the leg, ( Pes
    the balls of the roller being carried horizontally Equinus.) In the other cases the foot is twisted
    round to the opposite temple ; where they are inwards, ( Varus, ( F. ) Cagneur ,) so that it rests
    crossed obliquely and carried back to the part only on the ground on its outer edge ; or it may
    where the compress is situate. The hands are be iwisted inwards , ( Valgus) or rest only on its
    then changed with the rollers , crossing them so inner surface . In the flat fout, Sur'apus, ( F.)
    as to form a knot, and taking one above the Pied plut , the plantar surface of the foot is dat
    head ; the other beneath the chin. They are tened instead of being concave.
    then crossed again , so as to form several knots , These deformities are rarely accidental . They
    one above the other . This bandage is called, are almost always congenital, and may be rec
    by some surgeons , Solar or oblique cherestre, or tified , at an early period, by proper mechanical
    capistrum . means to strengthen the foot gradually and
    Ksor, SURGEON's , (F. ) Næud du chirurgien . restore it to its proper shape and direction ;
    A double knot, made by passing the thread and if these means fail , the tendons and mus
    twice through the same noose . This knot is cles concerned in the deformity may be di
    used frequently in the ligature of arteries , in vided .
    the umbilical cord , & c. KYNA , Pastinaca opoponax .
    KNOTBERRIES , Rubus chamærnorus. KYST or CYST, Kystus, Cystus, from
    KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare . xuoriç, a bladder,' pouch , ( F. ) kyste. This
    KOINO- MIASMATA. See Miasın . term is generally applied to pouches or sacs ,
    KOLERUS. A name given by Paracelsus to without opening, and commonly of a mem .
    diy ulcers. branous nature, which are accidentally deve
    KOLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. loped in one of the natural cavities, or in the
    KOLTO, Plica . substance of organs. Many theories have been
    KORIS , Cimex. successively emitted to explain the formation of
    KRAME'RIA RATAN'HIA , Rhatan'ia , Kat'. cysts, but none are entirely satisfactory . Some
    anhy , (F.) Ratanhie, Ratanhia . The krameria is are formed by a thin , translucent membrane ;
    a native of Java. The rool has a bitter taste ; having scarcely the thicknessof the arachnoid ;
    and is astringent, diuretic, and detergent. Dose, others of a whitish, fibrocellular membrane,
    aj to zj ; more or less thick. Some contain cartilaginous
    The KRAME'Ria Ixi'na , or Ratanhie of the or bony flakes. The greater part have but one
    Antilles, has similar virtues . cavity ; others , on the contrary, have several ;
    KREOSOTON , Creosote . separated by complete or imperfect se pta , as is
    KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa . frequently seen in those developed in the ova
    KUTKULEJA , Cæsalpinia Bonducella. ries. The matter , contained in cysts , is some
    KUTOOKORUNJA , Cæsalpinia Bon. times limpid, serous, yellowish, white, reddish ,
    ducella . and , at others, more or less thick, albuminous,
    KUTUBUTH . An Arabic name for a species adipous , or caseous. The tumour, formed by
    of melancholy, in which the patient is never them , is called Encysted, which see.
    quiet at any one place , but wanders about here KYSTE ANÉVRYSMAL, Aneurismal sac.
    and there . Also the name of an insect which KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from xuogos , ' the
    lives at the surface of stagnant waters, and is vagina. Inflammation of the vulva and of the
    in a constant state of agitation . Some lexico . mucous membrane of the vagina.
    graphers imagine that it is on account of this KYSTHOPTO'SIS , from xvoloş, ' the va
    Jast circumstance, that the name of the insect gina,' and nurto ), ' I fall.' Prolapsus or inver
    has been given to the disease. sion of the vagina.
    KYAPUTTY, Caieput . KYTTARRHAGIA , from xutta010r , ' an al
    KYLLO'SIS, xulivois, from xulloş, crook- veolus,' and onyruui, ' I break forth. ' ' Discharge
    ed ,' ' lame ,' Cyllo'sis. Professor Chaussier so of blood from an alveolus.

    L.

    LABE, from lau Baro, ' I seize,' ' I take ,' thus the facial arlery of the majority of ana.
    Invasion . Also , employed to denote the first tomists .
    paroxysm of fevers – Galen , Hippocr. The labial arteries, properly so called, or
    LÁBIA INTERNASEU MINORA , coronary arteries of the lips, (F.) Coronaires des
    Nymphæ . lèvres, are two in number. The superior arises
    LABIA PUDENDI, Lips of the Vulva. from the facial, above , and very close to, the
    LABIAL, Labia'lis, from Labium , lip. 'a
    commissure of the lips. It is large and tor
    LABIAL , Orbicularis oris . tuous, and is distributed to the upper lip . The
    LABIAL ARTERY. Haller and Sabatier call lower arises from the facial, at a considerable
    LABIALIS 398 LACHRYMAL

    distance from the commissure, and proceeds, inguished in commerce , are ;-stick -lac, which is
    a serpentine course, into the substance of the the substance in its natural state , investingthe
    lower lip , to which it is distributed . small twigs of the tree : and seed- lac, which is
    Labial Glands . This name is given to a the same broken off. When melted, it is called
    multitude of muciparous follicles, of some size ; shell-lac.
    round, prominent, and separate from each other ; Lac was , at one time, used in the form of
    which are found on the inner surface of the lips , tincture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still
    below the mucous membrane. forms part of particular dentifrices .
    The LABIAL Veins are distinguished, like LACERATION, Lacera'tio, Rhegina, Ruptu'
    the arteries , into superior and inferior. They ra, Rupture, from lacera're, ' to tear:' — Dilacera'.
    open into the facial vein ;-a division of the tio, Sparagma, ( F.) Arrachement, Déchirement,
    internal jugular. Dilaceration. The act of tearing or rending .
    LABIALIS , Orbicularis oris . The breach , made by tearing or rending ; as a
    LABIS , Forceps. lacerated wound, Tresis vulnus lacera'tum , La
    LABIUM , Lip - 1. Leporinum , Harelip. ceratu'ra, Vulnus lacera'lum.
    LABLAB, Dolichos Lablab . LACERATURA . See Laceration.
    LAB’ORATORY, Laborato'rium , Ergaste'- LACERTA , Lizard .
    rion , from labora're, - to work .' A name given LACERTI CORDIS, Columnæ carnew .
    to any place for preparing chemical or phar- LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnæ carneæ .
    maceutical products , &c . LACERTUS, Brachium , Muscle .
    LABO'RIOUS. Delivery is said to be la- LAC " ERUM . Same etymon. Any thing
    borious, ( F. ) Accouchement laborieur, when at- torn , or appearing as if torn .
    tended with more difficulty and suffering than The ForA'MEN LACHERUM ANTE'RIUS , (F.)
    usual. With some, laborious labour means one Trou déchiré antérieur, Hiatus sphéno -pétreux,
    that requires the use of instruments . See (Ch.) is an irregular opening, formed by the
    Dystocia. sphenoid and petrous portion of the temporal
    LABOUR, Parturition - 1. difficult, Dystocia bone . This foramen transmits the third , fourth,
    - 1. Morbid, Dystocia – 1. Pains , see Pains - 1. and sixth pair of nerves and the first branch
    Show , see Parturitiou). of the fifth pair to the eye and its appendages.
    LABRISULCIUM , Cheilocace, Stomacace. The FORAMEN LACERUM Poste'rius , Fora
    LABRUM , Lip - 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of men jugularë, F. lacerum in Basi Crunii, ( F.)
    the brain . Trou déchiré postérieur, Hiatus occipito-pétreur,
    LABRUSCA , Bryonia Alba. ( Ch . ) is formed by the occipital bone and the
    LAB’YRINTH , Labyrinth'us, Antrum buc- inferior edge of the petrous portion of the tem
    the internal jugular
    cino'sum . A place , full of turnings, the exit of poral bone. Through it, nerves,
    which is not easily discoverable . Anatomists vein , the eighth pair of and accessary
    have given this name to the aggregate of parts, nerve pass out of the cranium.
    constituting the internal ear, Labyrinth'us auris LACHRYMA, Tear. See,also , Vitis vinifera .
    intima, In'tima pars or'gani audi'tûs. The LACH’RYMAL , Lacryma'lis, from lacryma ,
    Labyrinth is situate between the tympanum ' a tear.' Belonging to the tears. This epithet
    and meatus auditorius internus. It is com- is given to various parts.
    posed of several cavities, which communicate įhe LACHRYMAL PASSAGES, Viæ lacrimales,
    with each other in the dried bone ; as the resti- (F. ) Voies lacrymales. The organs concerned
    bule, cochlea, semicircular canals, & c . It is lined in the secretion of tears, in spreading them over
    by periosteum , and also by a pulpy membrane, the eye, and taking them up again to transmit
    constituting the membranous labyrinth, on which them into the nasal fossæ . The lachrymal pas 1
    the auditory nerve is regularly dispersed . This sages are composed of the lachrymal gland,
    membrane forms two sacs in the vestibule, caruncle, puncta, ducts, the lachrymal sac, and 1
    called sacculus vestib'uli and sac'culus, (q. v .) the nasalduct.
    respectively, which resemble in shape, that of The LACHRYMAL GLAND, Glan'dula inno .
    the bony cavities containing them . Each sac minata Gald ni seu lacryma'lis , is seated in a
    contains calcareous matter, constituting the depression of the frontal bone at the upper,
    Otolithes and Otoconies. When the sac is laid anierior , and outer part of the orbit. It is of
    open , upon the upperand outer part, a partition about the size of an almond; and of an oval
    appears, partaking of the nature of the sac ,and shape, flattened above and below :-its great
    called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'so- diameter being the antero posterior. It is
    membrana'ceum . composed of several small lobules, united by
    LAC, Milk - 1. Ammoniaci, Mistura ammo- cellular tissue , and separated by it as well as
    niaci - 1. Amygdalæ , Emulsio amygdalæ – 1.Asa- by vessels and nerves which creep in the in
    fætidæ , Mistura asafætidæ - 1. Avis , Albu- tervals. This gland has seven or eight ex
    men ovi - 1.Guaiaci,Mistura Guaiaci - 1.Gum , cretory ducts, which open behind the upper
    Lacca - 1. Lunæ , Marga candida - 1. Maris, eyelid. It use is to secrete the tears, and pour
    Sperm - 1. Seed , Lacca - 1. Shell, Lacca - 1. them on the globe of the eye by the excretory
    Stick , Lacca - 1. Sulphuris, Sulphur præcipi- ducts.
    tatum-1. Terræ , Magnesiæ carbonas - 1. Vir : LACH'RYMAL CARUNCLE. See Caruncula la.
    ginis , Virgin's milk . crymalis.
    LACCA , from lakah,Arab . Gummi lacca , The Puncta LACRYMALIA, (F.) Points lacry
    Stick -lac, Gum -luc, Seed -lac, Shell·lac, (F.) Laque. maur, are two small , ronnd, and contractile
    Lac is a substance formed by an insect, and openings , situate in the centreof a tubercle,
    deposited on different species of trees, chiefly about a line and a half distant from the inner
    in the East Indies. The various kinds, distin - commissure of the eyelids,and continuous with
    LACHRYMATIO 399 LACUNA

    the lacrymal ducts. These ducts, ( F ) Conduits LACTEALS , Chyliferous vessels.


    lucrymaux, Lacryma'les Canaliculi, Canales seu LACTEUS, Lactic.
    Ductus lacrymdles, D. lacruma'les, Ductus LACTIC , Lucleus, froin lac, ' milk ,' apper
    lacryma'les lutera'les, D. puncto'rum lacryma'- taining to milk.
    lium , Cornua lacryma'lia, Colliciæ punctorum Lactic Acid , Acidum Lactcum , Acid of milk.
    lacryma'tium , Canaliculi lima'cum , Cornum Acidum Lactis. This has been recommended
    Limd'cum , are two in number - a superior as a therapeutical agent in atonic dyspepsia,
    and an inferior — which extend from the puncta owing to its being presumed to be one of the
    to the lacrymal sac . They seem forned by a gastric acids secreted in health. It is given
    very delicate prolongation of the conjunctiva, either in the forın of lemonade or of lozenges.
    which is continuous with the mucous membrane The acid is obtained either from milk or from
    of the lacrymal sac, ( F.) Reservoir des larmes : the juice of the red beet.
    -the Succus seu Sinus seu Lucus lucrymalis, L'ACTICA , Typhoid.
    Infundibulum lucrymale, Succus lacruma'lis. LACTICINIA , Parotid .
    The LACHRYMål or Nasal Canal or Duct, LACTIF'EROUS, Galactophorus, ( q. v .)
    Cana'lis lucrymalis, Cunalis orbitæ nasu'lis, Lactif'erus, from lac, ámilk,'and fero, - I carry.
    Ductus nasa'lis orbitæ , Cana'lis succi lacryma'- The LACTIFEROUS VESSELS or Ducts, Tubuli
    lis, Ductus ad Nasum , is formed by the superior luctiferi vel Ductus luctiferi, (F.) Vaisseaur ou
    maxillary bone , os unguis, and os turbinatum conduits lactifères, are the excretory ducts of
    inferius ; and is seated in the outer paries of the the Mammary Gland, which see.
    nasal fossæ . It is lined by a prolongation of LACTEAL or LaCTIFEROUS SWELLING. A tu
    the mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac ; mefaction of the breast,supposed by Sir Astley
    and its inferior orifice is furnished with a val . Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk
    vular duplicature. This duct transmits the in one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of
    tears, which have been absorbed at the great chronic inflammation of the tube near the nip
    angle of the eye by the puncta lacryinalia , into ple, with closure of its aperture, and oblitera
    the nasal fossa . tion of the canal for an inch or more . The tube
    The LACHRYMAL Fossa , Fossa seu Forea la . requires to be punctured .
    cryma'lis, is a slight depression at the upper part LACTIFUGA, Luclifuge, from lac, milk ,
    of the orbit, which lodges the lachrymnal gland. and fugo , ' I drive away . Medicines which
    The LACHRYMAL GROOVE, ( F.) Gouttière la dispelmilk .
    crymale , is the bony channel, whích lodges the LACTIN'IA, from lac, milk .' Food pre
    lachrymal sac. It is seated at the anterior and pared with milk .
    inner part of the orbit , and is formed by the os LACTIPOTOR , Galactopotes.
    unguis and the ascending process of the upper LACTIS REDUNDANTIA , Galactia.
    jaw . bone. J.ACTIVORUS , Galactophagous.
    The LACHRYMAL ARTERY proceeds from LACTU'CA , from lac , milk ;' so called froin
    the ophthalmic ; and distributes its principal its milky juice . Lactuca sativa, Lettuce , Gar.
    branches to the lachrymal gland . den Lettuce, Eunu'chium Meco'nis, Thridar,
    The LACHRYMAL Veins accompany the artery Cherbas, ( F. ) Laitue ordinaire. It is used as a
    of the same name, and open into the ophthalmic wholesome salad. The seeds possess a quan.
    and palpebral veins . tity of oil, which , when formed into an emul
    The LACHRYMAL NERVE is the smallest of sion , has been advised in ardor urinæ , &c .
    the three branches formed by the ophthalmic The inspissated juice , Lucluca'rium , Thrid '.
    nerve. It is distributed , particularly , to the acē, resembles, in odour and appearance , that
    lachrymal gland and to the upper eyelid . In of opium , and is, like it, narcotic,but uncertain.
    its course it gives off a sphæno-maxillary and a Dose, grij to x and more .
    malar filament. LACTUCA GRAVEOLENS, L. Virosa - 1. Sylves
    LACHRYMAL HERNIA or Tumour, Hernia Sacci tris, L. scariola .
    Lacrymalis, is when the tears enter the puncta , LACTUCA SCARIOLA, L. Syloestris, Scariola ,
    but cannot pass to the nose, and accumulate . (F. ) Laitue Scariole, L. sauvage, possesses a
    By Anel, this was called Dropsy of the Lachry- stronger degree of bitterness than the L. Sativa.
    It has siinilar virtues with the next .
    mal Sac.
    LACHRYMATIO , Epiphora. LACTUCA Vino'sa , L. graveolens, Strong.
    LACIS, Plexus . scented Lettuce, (F.) Lailuc vireuse. The odour
    LACMUS TINCTORIUS,Lichen roccella. of this plant, the leaves of which are used in
    LACONICUM , Vaporarium. See Stove . medicine, is strongly narcotic, and the taste
    LACQ , Laqueus. bitter. They are narcotic, diuretic, and ape
    LACRUMĀ, Tear. rient; and have been used in dropsies.
    LACRYMA, Tear. LACTUMEN , Porrigo larvalis.
    LACTA'TION , Tithenesis, Thela'sis, Thelas'. LACU'NA . A Fossa or Ditch . Anatomists
    mus, Lacta'tio ; from luc'teo, I suckle,' ' Igive have given this name to small cavities in the
    milk . Suchling : -the giving of suck, (F.) Al mucous membranes, the parietes of which se
    laitement . crete a viscid humour. Certain lacunæ are but
    The French have four varieties of lactation.the excretory orifices of mucous crypts. They
    1. Allaitement maternel,- MaternalLactation, are very visible in the rectum , vagina, urethra,
    when the mother suckles the child. 2. A. &c . Sometimes, lacuna is used synonymously
    étranger ,mercenaire, —when another suckles it. with crypt.
    3. A. artificiel, - when the child is brought up LACUNA; Fontanella - 1. Cerebri, Infundi
    by hand . 4. A. animal, when the child is bulum of the brain, Pituitary gland 1.Follicua
    suckled by some animal. lus, Crypta .
    LACUNAR 400 LANCET

    LACUNAR VENTRICULI QUARTI SU . Froş , ' slase ,' resemblance . ' Analomists
    PERIOR , Valvula Vieuseenii. have given the name LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE ,
    LACUNE DE LA LANGUE, Cæcum fora. Sutura lambdoidalis, S. Prore , to the suture ,
    Inen . formed by the parietal bones and the occipital ,
    LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac . because it resembles the letter 4 , lambda, of
    LADA , Piper nigrum . the Greeks. It is the Occip'ito- parietul suture ,
    LADANUM . See Cistus creticus. - Suture occipitale, (Ch .) “ In this suture the
    LADENDO, Influenza. ossa wormiana are most frequently met with ;
    LADIES -MANTLE , Alchemilla. and the denticulations are most distinctly
    LADIES-SMOCK , Cardamine pratensis. marked .
    LADRERIE, (F.,) from aardoos, deformed . ' LAMBITIVUM , Eclectos .
    (F. ) Léproserie, Maladrerie, À vulgar name LAME, Lamina - l. Corneé, Tænia semicir
    for the Elephantiasis (9. v. ) or Lepra of the cularis - 1. Ruyschienne, Ruyschiana tunica.
    Arabs. Also , an hospital for the reception of LAMELLA , Lamina.
    the leprous LAMELLAR , Lamello'sus, Lamina'ted , ( F.)
    LADY BIRD, Coccinella septempunctata . Lamelleur, Lamineur, composed of laminæ or
    LADYBUG , Coccinella septempunctata . leaves-as the Lamellar or lam'inated Tissue ;
    LADYCOW , Coccinella septempunctata . i. e . , the cellular tissue .
    LÆMOS, Pharynx. LAMELLEUX, Lamellar.
    LÆSION , Lesion. LAMENESS, Claudication.
    LÆTIFICAN TIA , from Latifico, “ I make LAMINA , Lumella , ( F.) Lame. A thin , flat
    glad .' Medicines, formerly used as cordials, part of a bone ; a plate or table, (q. v .;) , as the A
    in depression of spirits, &c. cribriform lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. de
    LAGNEIA , Coition . LAMINA CRIBROSA, see Criblé - 1. Prima cutis,
    LAGNESIS FUROR FEMININUS , Nym. Epidermis. TE
    phomania- 1. Furor masculinus, Satyriasis - 1. LAMINA SPIRA'lis, Septum scale, Septum
    Salacitas , Satyriasis . cochlea auditoriæ . A partition between the
    LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip. scale of the cochlea . The larger part of this ,
    LAGONES , Flanks. nest the modiolus, is formed of bone . The re
    LAGONOPONOS , Pleurodynia . mainder, or that part next the opposite side of ene

    LAGOPHTHAL'MIA , from laywe ; ' a hare,' the scalæ , is composed of a cartilaginous mem
    and og Jadros, an eye.' Hare's Eye . Lepori'. brane , called , by Valsalva, Zona Cochlee . By
    nus Oculus, (F.) Cil de Lièrre. A vicious ar. some anatomists , the lamina is divided into a Toc

    rangement of the npper eyelid, which is so re . Zona ossea, and 2. mollis. By others, it is con
    tracted, that it cannot cover the globe of the sidered to consist of four laminæ, when ex
    eye during sleep. It has been asserted , that amined with a strong glass : a Zona ossea , next As
    this condition of the eye is natural in the hare to the modiolus - a Zona coria'cea , on the outer ក
    side of this : a Zona vesicula'ris - and a Zona
    LAGOPHTHALMUS, Geum urbanum .
    LAGOSTOMA Harelip.
    membranu'cea, which is, perhaps, the lining
    membrane of the cochlea .
    ,
    LAICHE, Sarsaparilla Germanica-1. des LAMIN Æ SPONGIOSÆ Nasi , Turbinated bones.
    Sables, Sarsaparilla Germanica. LAMINATED , Lamellar,
    LAIT, Milk - 1. Advucisant, Looch ex ovo- LAMINEUX, Lamellar.
    1. d'Anesse, Milk , asses'- 1. d'Amandes, Emulsio LAMIUM ALBUM , Urti'ca mortua , Ga . 1
    amygdalæ – . d ' Asufatida, Mistura asafætida leop'sis, Archangeľica, Dead Nettle, White Arch '.
    -l. de Beurre, Buttermilk - l. de Brebis , Milk , angel Nettle, (F.) Ortie blanche, Ortie morte.
    ewes' - 1. Caillé , Curdsm . de Chèrre, Milk, Infusions of this plant have been recominended ti

    goats'-- 1. Epanché, L. répandu-l. de Femme, in uterine hemorrhage, and in leucorrhæa. It 1


    Milk , human- . de Jument, Milk , mares'-1 . de is not used. I
    Poule, see Ovum-1. de Vache , Milk of the cow Lamium MONTANUM , Melittis melissophyl. 1
    -- . Virginnl, Virgin's milk . lum - 1. rubrum , Galeopsis. I
    LAIT RÉPANDU, (F.) Lait épanché. , A LAMPOURDE , Xanthium .
    popular expression in France , under which is LAMPSANA , Lapsana.
    comprehended every kind of disease (and par- LAMPYRIS, Cicindela .
    ticularly vague pains) occurring after delivery ; LANA PHILOSOPHORUM , Zincioxydum .
    all being ascribed to diffusion or deposition of LANARIA , Saponaria , Verbascum nigrum .
    milk . LANCE DE MAURICEAU, ( F. ) An in
    LAITERON DOUX . Sonchus oleraceus. strument invented by Mauriceau for perforating
    LAITUE ORDINAIRE , Lettuce- 1. Saurage, the head of the fætus. A perforator.
    Lactuca scariola - 1. Scariole, Lactuca scariola LANCET, Lanccola, Lancetta, Schaste'rion,
    -1. Vireuse, Lactuca virosa . (F.) Lancette, - diminutive of lancea , ' a lance . '
    LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper, A surgical instrument, used in the operation of
    LALIA , Voice, articulated . phlebotomy. It is composed of two parts, the
    LALL A'TION, Lallatio, Lambdacismus, handle , ( F ) Chasse, and the blade, ( F. ) Lame.
    Lullaby speech . Sauvages uses this term for a The former is inade of two small plates of
    vicivus pronunciation, in which the letter L is ivory, bone , or shell, movable on the blade, for
    improperly doubled , or softened , or substituted whose preservation they are intended . The
    for R. blade is formed of well polished steel . Lancets
    LAMBDACISMUS, Lallation. are made of different shapes ; some being broud .
    LAMBDOID OR LAMBDOI'DAL , Lamb. shouldered - others, spear: pointed . The French !
    doides, from the Greek letter 4, à außda , and distinguish three kinds: 1. Lancette à grain .
    1
    LANCEOLA 401 LARMOLEVENT

    d'orge, which , on account of the almost oval LAPIDIL'LUM . Blasius has given this
    shape of its point, makes a large opening . 2. name to a kind of scoop , used , in his time, for
    The L. à langue de serpent, which is very nar- extracting stone from the bladder.
    row towards ihe point; and , 3. The L. à grain LAPIS , Calculus .
    d'uroine, which holds a medium station be- Lapis ACCIPITRUM , Hieracites-1 . Aerosus ,
    tween
    ferred .
    the two former, and is generally pre- Calamina--!. Ammoniaci, see Aminoniac guin
    -1 . Animalis, Blood - 1. Armenius, Melochites
    The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet -1 . Aureus, Urine- ). Bezoardicus, Bezoar - 1.
    for the purpose of opening abscesses. Cæruleus, Cupri sulphas-1. Calaminaris, Cala.
    LANCEOLA , Lancet. mina - 1. Carneolus, Cornelian - 1. Causticus,
    LANCETTE , Lancet. Potassa cum calce--l . Causticus , Potassa fusa
    LANCIN.INT, Lancinating. -1. Collymus, Ætites-1 . Contrayervæ , P.con .
    LAN'CINATING , Lan'cinans, from lancina'- trayervæ compositus ). Cyanus, L. lazuli-1 .
    re, to strike or thrust through. (F.) Lanci- Fulmineus, Ceraunion - 1. Hematites, Hæma.
    nant , (substantive, Élancement.) A species of tites - 1. Heracleus, Magnet- . Infernalis , Ar
    pain , which consists in lancinations or shoot. genti nitras - 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa
    ings, similar to those that would be produced fusa — 1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cuno
    by the introduction of a sharp instrument into calce - 1. Judaicus , Judæus (lapis.)
    the suffering part. It is especially in cancer, Lapis Laz'uni , Lapis Cyanus, Asulci, Luz'.
    that this kind of painis felt. ulite , ( F.) Pierre d'azur, Outreiner. A stone,
    LANGEAC , MINERAL WATERS OF.- of a beautiful blue colour; opaque ; and close
    Acidulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in the grained ; fracture dull . It is composed of silex ;
    department of Haute -Loire, France. They are alumine; carbonate and sulphate of lime ; ox
    employed as refrigerant , aperient, and diuretic , ide of iron, and water. It was formerly looked
    They contain carbonic acid , carbonates of soda upon as a purgative and emetic , and given in
    and magnesia, and a little iron . epilepsy.
    LANGIT AQUA EPILEP'TICA , Epilep'tic LAPIS MALUcensis, Bezoard of the Indian
    Water of Lungius, formerly employed against porcupine-1. Nauticus, Magnet- . Phæni.
    epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of cites, Judæus ( lapis) - 1. Porcinus, Bezoard of
    the convallaria and larender, Spanish wine, cin- the Indian porcupine-1 . Prunellæ , Polassse ni
    namon , nutmeg , mistletoe, peony and dittuny tras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus - 1. Sar.
    roots, long pepper, cubebs, and rosemary flowers dius, Cornelian-1 . Septicus, Causticum com
    LANGUE, Tongue - l. Abaisseur deli, Glos. mune-1 . Septicus, Potassa fusa - 1. Specularis,
    soca tochus- 1. de Carpe, see Lever-1 . de Cerf, S. lucidum - 1 Syderitis, Magnet - 1. Syriacus,
    Asplenium scolopendrium-1. de Chien, Cyno- Judæus (lapis) -1. Vini, Potassæ supertartras
    glossum-1.de Serpent,Ophioglossum vulgatum impurus.
    LANGUEUR, Languor. LAPPA, Galium aparine , Lippitudo- . Mi
    LANGUOR , Apl'esis. (F.) Langueur. A nor, Xanthium .
    species of atony , (q . v . ,) depression, or debility , LAPPULA HEPATICA , Agrimony.
    which generally coines on slowly . LAPSA'NA , Lampsu'na , Nu'pium , Papilla'.
    LANUGO PRIMA, Geneias — I. Siliquæ hir - risherbu , Dock-cresses, Nipple-wort. (F.) Lampe
    butæ , see Dolichos pruriens. sane , Hierbe aur Mamelles. This plant is a lac .
    LAONICA CURATIO . A mode of treat. tescent bitter. It has been chiefly employed,
    - ing the gout, which consisted in the employ. however, as an external application to sore
    ment of local applications, proper for evacu . nipples , & c.
    ating the morbific matter. LAQ, Laqueus.
    LAOS , Tin LAQUE, Lacca.
    LAPACTICUS, Cathartic . LA'QUEUS, Funis. A cord or ligature or
    LAPARA , Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi . bandage, with running knots ;-a noose, a loop,
    LAPAROCE'LE , from aanaya , the lumbar Brochos, Puch'etos. (F. ) Luq ou Lacq. The
    region ,' and xnan , a tumour.' Lumbar Hernia, term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any
    through a separation of the fibres of the quad. kind, attached by means of a loop upon any
    ratus lumborum , and a protrusion of the apo- part with the view of fixing it ; as in certain
    neurosis of the transverse muscle , on the out. cases of labour , where a hand or foot presents ;
    side of the mass common to the sacro -lumbalis or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac.
    and longissimus dorsi.- Cloquet. tures.
    LAPÁRO -ENTEROTOMY, Lap'aro entero- LAQUEUSGUTI'URIS, ' Noose of the throat. '
    tom'ia ; from aanaga, the lumbar region ,' the Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which
    abdomen'; erteQO , " intestine,' and roun, in the patient appears as if suffocated by a noose.
    cision . ' The operation of opening the abdo- LARCH , Pinus larix .
    domen and intestinal canal , for the removal of LARD, Adeps suilla.
    disease . LARDA CEOUS, from lardum , lard ;' the
    LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA . See Lithotomy. fat of bacon. An epithet given to certain or.
    LAPAROSCOPIA , Abdominoscopia. ganic alterations in the textures, whose aspect
    LAPAROTOMY . See Gastrotomy. and consistence resemble lard .
    LAPATHOS , Rumex acutus . LARGE, Broad .
    LAPATHUM , Rumex acutus-) . Aquati. LARIX , Pinus laris .
    cum , Rumex hydrolapathum- ). Chinense , LARKSPUR , BRANCHING , Delphinium
    Rheum -- 1. Orientale, Rheum -- 1. Sanguineum , consolida .
    Rumex sanguineus -1. Unctuosum , Chenopo- LARME, Tear.
    dium bonus Henricus. LIR.VOIEMENT , Epiphora.
    51
    LARVA 402 LATENT

    LARVA , Mask . LAR'YNX , aapvys, (a whistle.) Caput seu


    LARYNGÉ, Laryngeal . Oper'culum seu Initium seu Finis superior seu
    LARYNGEAL , Laryngeus. (F.) Laryngé, Terminus superior seu Pars prima as'peræ arte'
    Laryngien. That which belongs to the larynx. riæ. The apparatus of voice is situate at the
    The LARYNGEAL NERVES, ( F.) Nerfs la superior and anterior part of the neck ; and at
    ? yngés, are two in number ;-a superior and the top of the trachea , with which ii communi
    infcrior. cates . It is composed of four cartilages ,—the
    The superior laryngeal nerve is given off thyroid, cricoid, and two arytenoid ; is moved
    from the trunk of the pneumogastric, at the by a number of muscles , and lined by a mucous
    upper and deep, part of the neck . It passes membrane, having certain membranous reflec
    downwards and inwards , behind the internal tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the
    carotid artery , and divides into two secondary glottis, &c.
    branches : the one , external, which distributes PARTS COMPOSING THE LARYNX .
    its filaments on the outside of the larynx , to the Thyroid ,
    sterno-thyroid, hyo -thyroid , constrictor inferior, Cricoid ,
    crico -thyroid muscles, & c . The other, the in: 1. Cartilages. Two Arytenoid,
    ternal, which crosses the thyro -hyoid mem Epiglottis.
    Sterno thyroid .
    brane, and gives filaments to the epiglottis, the Constrictors of the
    mucous membranes of the pharynx and larynx , Extrinsic. pharynx.
    All the muscles of the
    to the arytenoid gland , the arytenoid and crico .
    hyoid region .
    thyroid muscles , and ultimately anastomoses Crico-thyroid .
    2. Muscles.
    with the inferior laryngeal nerve. Crico-arylenoid , poste
    The inferior laryngeal nerves or recur'rents, rior,
    Verdi rccersi'ri, Rumeaur Tracheaur (Chaus .), Intrinsic . Crico -arytenoid, late
    ral,
    arise froin the trunk of the pneumogastric Thyro -arytenoid ,
    within the thorax . They ascend in the fur: Arylenoid.
    row , which separates the trachea from the æso- 3. A Mucous Membrane. Epiglottic,
    phagus, to be distributed on the neck, after Arytenoid . th
    having been reflected ;—the left , around the 4. Glands.
    Thyroid ,
    arch of the aorta ; the right, around the corres Thyro hyoid,
    ponding subclavian . They send off filaments 5. Membranes. Crico -thyroid .
    to the cardiac plexuses ; to the parietes of the 6. Ligaments. Crico- arytenoid .
    @sophagus, and trachea ; to the thyroid gland ; Thyro -arylenoid . f
    Ć
    to the inferior constrictor of the pharynx; the The vessels and nerves of the larynx are
    posterior and lateral crico-ary tenoid and thyro - called laryngo'al. be
    arytenoid muscles; and to the mucous mem- The larynx is destined to give passage to the
    brane of the pharynx and larynx. air in the act of respiration, and to impress
    The LARYNGEAL ARTERIES are given off upon it certain modifications, which constitute
    the voice. Its dimensions vary different in
    from the thyroid arteries. P!
    The LARYNGEAL VEins open into the internal dividuals. In men, it is always larger and 2.
    jugular. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to situate lower than in women .
    the superior thyroid artery , (q. v.) LASER , Laserpitium- . à Lurges feuilles,
    LARYNGEAL, Laryngeal. Laserpitium latifolium .
    LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma LASERPITIUM , Laser, Silphium , ortos Oih
    thymicum . φιον . A term applied, anciently , both to a
    LARYNGI'TIS , Cynanche laryngea , Angina plant and its juice, with the nature of neither
    laryngea. ( F. ) Catarrhe laryngien , Angine of which we possess any precise information.
    laryngée, Inflamma'tion of the Larynx. This Bentley, Laurence, Geoffroi, & c. regarded it
    disease , in some measure, resembles croup ; to have been the same as our asafætida :-Theo .
    but is usually devoid of that peculiar, sonorous phrastus, Dioscorides, and the ancient Scholiast
    inspiration, which attends the latter. There is, on Aristophanes, however, by assigning a sweet
    also, pain upon pressing the larynx ; and, and agreeable flavour to the laserpitium , dis
    whilst laryngitis is a disease of more advanced countenance the idea . From whatever plant
    life , croup attacks children. The niembrani- obtained , it was so rare , and consequently so
    form exudation is, also, absent; probably, be- costly, that the Romans deposited it in the
    cause the inflammation, being seated above the public treasury. It was obtained from Cyrene
    glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily expec- Succus Cyrenaicus - and likewise from Persia ,
    torated. It requires the most active treatment. the latter being the most valuable . The Laser
    LARYNGOGʻRAPHY, Laryngogra'phia
    from auguys, the larynx, and ; pitium is called, byLatiFO'LIUM
    youn, a de- LASERPI'TIUM Avicenna,, Altihit. le
    Gentia'na alba ,
    scription .' An anatomical description of the White Gentian , Cerva'ria alba. ( F. ) Laser à
    Tarynx. larges feuilles. The root of this plant is bitter
    LARYNGOL'OGY,from hapuyt, the larynx,'and tonic.
    and ioyoş , ' a treatise .' A treatise on the larynx . LASERPITIUM SILER , Ses'eli, S'ler monta,
    LARYNGOTOMY, Larynyoto'mia , from num ; Hearl-wort, Sermountain. The seeds and
    auguys, the larynx ,' and TEUVELV, ' to cut.' A roots are possessed of aromatic properties .
    surgical operation, which consists in opening LASSITUDO , Copos.
    the larynx, either to extract a foreign body, or LATENS IN ORE , Pterygoideus internus. TE
    to remedy any obstruction of the glottis. The LATENT, Latens, from latt're, " to lie hid , '
    operation is , sometiines, erroneously called " lying hid ,' ' concealed .' An epithet applied
    Broncholumy and Tracheolomy. to certain diseases or states of disease , in which
    LATERITIOUS 403 LAURUS

    the symptoms are so concealed and obscure, as LAUGHING , Risus. "


    to escape the observation of the physician . LAUREL , BROAD- LEAVED, Kalmia lati
    Thus, we say lutent inflammation , latent period folia — 1. Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus- 1. Com
    of small-por, & c. mon , Prunus lauro -cerasus - 1. Dwarf, Kalmia
    LATERI" TIOUS, Lateri'tius; from later, ' a angustifolia - 1. Narrow -leaved, Kalmia angus
    brick . ' An epithet applied to the brick - like tifolia-1 . Poison , Prunus lauro -cerasus - 1. Wa.
    sediment, occasionally deposited in the urine ter, see Prunus lauro-cerasus- 1 . White, Mag
    of people afflicted with fever. nolia glauca .
    LATESCENTIS CHORDÆ , Palmaris lon- LAURENT, SAINT , MINERAL WATERS
    gus. OF . A thermal spring, five leagues from Joy .
    LATHYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris. euse in France. Temp. 127° Fahr.
    LATIB'ULUM , from lateo , • I lie hid . ' The LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola .
    focus of febrile poison ; whence it spreads to LAURIER, Laurus - 1. Alexandrin , Ruscus
    every partto induce a paroxysm. See Clapier. hypoglossum — 1. Amandier, Prunus laurocera
    LATICA, Amphimer'ina latica of Sauvages. sus- i. Cerise, Prunus lauro-cerasus-1. Rose,
    A species of quotidian remittent, whose parox. Nerium oleander.
    ysms are very long , and which is accompanied LAURO -CERASUS, Prunus lauro -cerasus.
    with latent heat (?) whence its name . LAURUS, Laurus nobilis, Daphne, the Sweet
    LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli . Bay. Nat. Ord. Laurineæ . (F.) Laurier . The
    LATISSIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides. leaves and berries have a sweet,fragrant smell ,
    Latis'simus DORSI, Aniscalp/tor ,Dorsi-lumbo- and an aromatic, astringent taste. Sweet bay
    sacro-huméral, Brachium movens quartus, Lombo- has been advised as a stomachic and carmina
    huméral, ( Ch.,) (F.)Muscle grand dorsal, M.très tive , but is now rarely used . It is , sometimes ,
    large du dos. A fat muscle ; broad, especially employed as a fomentation and in glysters;
    below ; thin ; quadrilateral; and situate at the and the berries are an ingredient in the Em
    posterior, lateral , and inferior region of the plustrum Cumini.
    irunk. It is attached to the posterior half of LAURUS ALEXANDRINA Asgustirolia, Rus.
    the outer lip of the crest of the ilium ; to the cus hypoglossum -- 1. Camphora ,see Camphor. 1
    posterior surface of the sacrum ; to the spinous LAURUS Cassia . The species of laurus which
    processes of the six or seven last dorsal verte- yields the Cassiuliguel , Casia , Cassia cinna.
    bræ, to all those of the loins, and to the last mo'mea, Cortex Canelle Malabar'ica , Cassia
    four false ribs, and is inserted by a strong ten lignea Malabar'ica , Xylo -cussia, Canella Mala
    don at the posterior edge of the bicipital groove būrica et Javen'sis ,Canella Cubd'na ,Arbor Ju
    of the humerus. Its upper fibres are almost du'ica, Cassia Canel'la, Canellifera Malubarica ,
    horizontal : the middle very long and oblique Cortex crassior, Cinnamo'mum Malabaricum , C.
    upwards and outwards ; and the anterior al- In'dicum , C. Sinen'sē, Calihac ha canella, Wild
    most vertical . Cinnamon, Malabar Cinnamon, Cassia . ( F.) Can
    This muscle carries the arm backwards, de- nelle de Malabar ou de Jara , ou de la Chine,
    pressing it , and making it turn on its axis. It ou des Indles , ou de Coromandel, C. fausse, C.
    also draws backwards and downwards the malle, Casse en bois, Casse aromatique. The
    prominence of the shoulder. When , suspend. bark and leaves abound with the flavour of cin
    ed by an arm , we make an effort to raise our. namon , for which they may be substituted ; but
    selves , it draws the trunk towards the arm . It they are much weaker. The unopened flower
    can , also , raise the ribs by assuming its fixed buds are used in the same manner.
    point on the humerus , and become an inspira- LAURUS CINNAMO'MUM , Cinnamomum , Dar
    tory muscle . se'ni, Darsi'ni , Cinnamon, Xylo- cinnamomum ,
    LATTICE WORK , Cancelli. Cuurdo Cunella , C. Zeylan'ica. (F.) Cannelle,
    LATUS, Broad -1 . Ani , Levator ani. Buume de Cannelte, Cannelle oticinale. Cin
    LAU . See Spirit. nainon bark is stimulant and carminative ,
    LAUCANIA , Leucunia, from lavo), ' I en- and is employed, chiefly , as a grateful aro
    joy,' ' I take .' The fauces and @sophagus. matic, to cover the taste of nauseous remedies.
    Also, the chin . - Gorræus. Dose gr . x to aj . The Flowers, called Cassie
    LAUDANUM. Perhaps from laus, ' praise ;" Flores in the shops, possess aromatic and as
    laudu'tum , praised . ' Every preparation of tringent virtues, and may be used wherever
    6

    opium, (q . v . ) solid or liquid ,butmore particu . cinnamon is required .


    larly the extract and tincture, and especially LAURUS CULIL'AWAN . The tree that affords
    the latter. the Cortex Culilawun, Cullillawan, Corter caryo
    LAUDANUM ABBA'Tis Rousseau , Guttæ Ab phylloïdes , C. Caryophylloides Amboinen'sis.
    batis Rousseau, Vinum opia'tum fermentatio'ne | This bark resembles the sassafras in appearance
    para'tum , Abbe Rousseau's Drops, (.Mel. Nur- and properties, and is used in Java as a condi
    bonnens. Zxij , aquæ calidæ fbiij. Set in a warm meni.
    place, and , as soon as the mixture ferments, LAURUS MALABATHRUM , See Malabathrum
    add opium Ziv , dissolved in water zxij . Let 1. Nobilis , Laurus.
    it ferment for a month , and evaporate to 3x : LAURUS Sas's A FRAS, Sassafras, Ague-free,
    strain , and add rectified spirit of wine zivss .). Cornus mas odoru'ta , Anhuiba . Indigenous in
    LAUDANUM Fond's, Vinum opii - 1. Liquid, the United States. Sassafras wood and root
    Tinctura opii- 1 . Liquidum Hoffmanni,Vinum have been considered stiinulant, sudorific and
    opii - 1. Liquidum Sydenhami, Vinum opii - 1. diuretic . The virtues depend upon essential
    Opiatum , Extractum opii -1 . Simplex, Ex- oil , the odour of which is not unlike that of
    tractum opii . fennel. It has been used in cutaneous diseases,
    LAUGH , SARDONIC . Canine laugh . chronic rheumatism , & c .
    LAUTIS'SIMA VINA 404 LEGUMEN

    LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. Wines were for- lodide of, see lodine - 1.Oxyd of, semi-vitrified,
    merly so called , which were strongly impreg. Plumbi oxydum semivitreurn - 1. Protacetate
    nated with myrrh . of, Plumbi superacetas-- 1. Red, Plumbi oxy.
    LAVANDĚ, Lavendula . dum rubrum - 1. Subcarbonate of, Plumbi sub
    LAVANDULA, Lavendula. carbonas - 1. Sugar of,Plumbi superacetas - 1.
    LAVEMENT, Clyster , Enema-l. Antispas. Superacetate of, Plumbi superacetas--) . Tan.
    modique, Enema fæiiduin . nate of, see Tannin-1. White , Plumbi subcar.
    LAVENDER, COMMON , Lavendula - 1. bonas.
    Sea, Statice limonium . LEANNESS, Emaciation .
    LAVENDULA , from lavo , I wash ;' so LEAPING AGUE . This disease is said by
    called from being used in baths . Laven'dula lhe Scotch writers to be characterized by in
    spica, Common lavender, Lavandulu, ( F.) La creased efficiency , butdepraved direction of the
    rande, Aspic, Spic. The odour of lavender will, producing an irresistible propensity to 21
    flowers is fragrant and agreeable; taste warm dance, tumble , and move about in a fantastic
    and bitterish -depending upon an essential oil . manner , and often with far more than the na TO
    It has been used as a stimulant ; particularly tural vigour, activity and precision !
    in the form of the oil, - Oleum lavendule . The LEBANON , MİNERAL WATERS OF.
    dried leaves have been einployed as an errhine. The spring at Lebanon , 26 miles east of Albany,
    The French use the Luvendula stæchas or New York , is an almost pure thermal. Temp.
    French lavender , of which they have a coinpound 729 Fahr. 'I
    syrup, Syru'pus destach'ade compos'itus: given LECHENEION , Torcular herophili.
    as a pectoral. LE CRAN , Cochlearia armoracia .
    LAVER GERMANICUM , Veronica becca . LECTISTER'NIUM . The arrangement of
    bunga- 1 . Odoratuin , Sisymbrium nasturtium . a bed, so as to adapt it to a particular disease .
    LAVIPEDIUM , Pediluviuin . Also, a supplication , with the Romans, in times 1
    LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legal . of public danger, when beds or couches were
    LAWSO'NIA INER’MIS , Alcun'na rera, A. spread for the gods, as if they were about to leta
    Cricnta'lis, Cyprus ant quo'rum , Ligustruin feast, and their images were taken down from
    Eyyp'liacum , Snooth Lawso'nia , (F. ) Henné. their pedestals and placed upon these couches
    An East Indian and African plant, the root of around the allars. The lectisternium was first cen
    which is slightly astringent. introduced in the time of a pestilence . - Livy.
    In India , the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa is LECTUA'LIS , from lectum, “ a bed. An
    employed in lepra and other cutaneous affec. epithet applied to a long, chronic disease .
    tions. LECTULUS, Fanon .
    LAX , Diarrhea. LÈDE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre .
    LAXANS , Relaxant. L
    LEDUM PALUSTRE , Rosnuri'nus sylves'. L
    LAXATIVE , Laxatirus, from luxdre, ' to tris, Anthos sylvestris. ( F. ) Lède ou Romarin
    loosen . ' Minorati’rus, Soluti'rus, Alviducus. sauvage. Nut. Order. Ericineæ. Sez. Syst.
    L
    A medicine which gently opens the bowels ; Decandria Monogynia. This plant has a bitter, do
    such as tamarinds, manni, & c . subastringent taste, and was formerly used in
    LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tym- Switzerland in place of hops; the virtues are D
    pani . equivocal.
    LAXA'TOR TYM'PANI, L. major tym 'pani,Er. LEE, Feculence , Lixivium.
    ter'nus mullci, Anterior mallei, Olli'quus auris, LEECH , Hirudo.
    Exlernus auris vel Lnrator internus, Eusta '. LEEK , Allium porrum .
    chii mus'culus, Sphéni-salpingo -mallien , ( F.) LEES , SOAP, Liquor potassæ. *
    Antérieur du marteau . A muscle, which arises LEG, ( Danish ) Crus, Scelos, Cneme. The PA
    from the spine of the sphenoid bone and from portion of the lower extreinity, which extends
    the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and is in- from the knee to the fool. It consists of three
    serted , by a tendon , into the apophysis of Rau . bones ; — Tibia , Fibula , and Patella, and, also , of
    It relaxes the membrana tympani . a great number of muscles, vessels, and nerveg . $
    CECI

    LAXATOR MINOR TYMPANI. A very small The projection , formed by the muscles at the
    muscle , which extends from the upper part of back part of the leg , has received the name of
    the external auditory canal , and is inserted at Calf of the leg. It is the special attribute of
    the inferior part of the process of the handle of man, and proves that he is destined to be biped.
    the malleus. Its existence is denied by most LEG , SWELLED, Phlegmatia dolens. Leg,
    anatoinists. Cochin , see Elephantiasis. inti
    LAXATIVUS INDICUS , Cambogia . LEGITIMATE, Legitimus, Genuinus, Gie
    LAXITAS, A tony - 1. Ingestorum , Lientery. sios. An epithet , applied to things which are
    LAXITY , Latitás, Laxness. Condition of a according to rule . A legitimate child is one
    tissue , when loose or relaxed ; or of one which conceived or born during marriage. Legitimate
    wants tone . We say laxity of filte, laxity of diseasesare those which follow a regularmarch .
    skin , to express , that those parts have lost some LEGNA , a eyra , from leyrov,' a fringed edge .'
    of the lenseness proper to them . The orifice of the pudendum muliebre, or of the
    LAZARET'TO , Lazaret, Lazar house, from uterus.
    (I. ) luzzero, ' a leper.' A solitary edifice in most LEGUME , Legumen .
    seaports of magnitude, intended for the disin- LEGU'MEN , from lego, ' I gather : ' ( F )
    fuction of men and goods, proceeding from Legume, Gousse. So called because it is usually
    places where contagious diseases are prevailing. gathered by the hand , instead of being reaped.
    LAZULITE , Lapis lazuli. All kinds of pulse, as peas, beans, & c . are thus
    LEAD, Plumbum-- ). Llack , Graphites --1 / termed .
    -
    LEICHEN 405 LEPRA

    LEICHEN , Lichen . LENTIL, Ervum lens .


    LEIOP'ODES, from lelos , smooth ,' and LENTILLE , Ervum lens-l. crystalline,
    Trous, a foot.' Affected with flat-footedness, Crystalline - 1. Ers. Ervum ervilia.
    splay footedness. Individuals, the solesof whose LENTIS CINUM VINUM . Wine , impreg
    feet are flat, instead of having the concavity , nated
    which they commonly present.
    with mastich ; from Lentiscus, " the mas.
    tich tree . '
    LEI'OPUS, Li'opus , from 1s1os, smooth ,' LENTISCUS VULGARIS,Pistacia lentiscus.
    and nous, & foot. One that is flat-footed , LENTITIS , Phacitis.
    splay -footed. LENTOR, from lentus, clammy. ' A visci.
    LEIOSIS , Comminution. dity or siziness of any fluid . See Gluten.
    LEIPHÆMOI , Achroi . LEONTIASIS , Leontion , from newy, ' a lion.'
    LEIPHÆMOS, from deino, ' I want,' and A name given to lepra of the face, from some
    arua,' blood.' A word sometimes used adjec- fancied resemblance between the countenance
    tively; at others, substantively ; either for a of those labouring under it and that of the lion.
    vicious state of blood , or rather for a sort of To this kind of lepra the epithets, le'onine and
    anemia - or for the patient who labours under le'ontine, havebeen given .
    this condition . LEONTION , Leontiasis.
    LEIPO , Lipo. LEONTODON TARAX'ACUM , Urina'ria,
    LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'mos,from doitw, Caput mon'uchi, Dens lto'nis, Dandelion, Piss
    " I want,' and dequa, skin .' One who wants a a-bed. Order. Compositæ . ( F. ) Pissenlit , Lion
    part of his skin . It is especially applied to dent. The young leaves are sometimes eaten
    ihose who want the prepuce. See Apella. as salad . The roots are , also , roasted and used
    LEIPOMERIA , Lipomeria . as a substitute for coffee. The root is , more.
    LEIPOPSYCHIA , Syncope . over , reputed to be aperient and diuretic ;
    LEIPYR’IAS , from isto, ' I want,' and hence its vulgar name. Its efficacy is doubtful.
    ITVQ, ' fire' or ' heat.' A species of continued LEONTOPODIUM , Alchemilia.
    fever, referred to by the Greek physicians, in LEONU'RUS, from deur, ' a lion ,' and ovga,
    which there is burning heat of the internal · tail.' Lion's tail.
    parts and coldness of the extremities . Avi- LEONORUS Cardiaca , Agripal'ma Gallis,
    cenna described , under this name , a kind of Marru'bium , Cardiaca crispa, Herba cardiaca,
    hemitritæa. H. patæ lapi'næ , Motherwort, (F.) Agripaume.
    LEMA , Chassie. Its properties are those of a nauseous bitter ;
    LEME, Lippitudo . and hence it has been used in hysteria and
    LEMITHOCORTON , Corallina Corsicana. other nervous affections.
    LEMNISCUS , Tent . LEONURUS Lanatus , Ballota lanata.
    LEMON PEEL , see Citrus medica–1 . Tree, LEOPARD'S BANE , ROMAN , Arnica mon .
    Citrus medica . tana , Doronicum pardalianches.
    LEMONADE , (F.) Limonade. Lemon juice, LEPAS and LEPIS, kenas , gen. denados,
    diluted with water and sweetened . See Citrus henriç, gen . 2ozudos , ' a scale .' Hence :
    medica. LEPID'IUM , from hens,' a scale ; ' so called
    DRY LEMONADE, ( F. ) Limonade sèche . Citric from its supposed usefulness in cleansing the
    or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort.
    with sugar. Lemonade Powders may be made LEPID'IUM IBERIS , Ibe'ris, Cardamantica, Sci
    as follows :-Pound zit of citric acid , with a atica cresses. This plant possesses a warm ,
    few drops of essence of lemon-peel, and Z i or penetrating, pungent taste, like other cresses,
    more of lump sugar. Divide into six papers, and is recommended as an antiscorbutic, anti
    each of which will make a glass of lemonade. septic , and stomachic .
    Nitric LEMONADE. Nitric acid considerably Garden
    LEPIDIUM
    cress,SATI'vum
    Dittander, ,Nasturtium horten'se.,
    (F.) Cressonalénois
    diluted with water and sweetened.
    SULPHURIC LEMONADE and TARTARIC LE- Cresson des Jardins. This plant possesses
    MONADE are made with the sulphuric and tar the warm , stimulating properties, and is used like
    taric acids . last .
    LEMONADE , Dry , see Citric acid . LEPIDOSARCOMA , Tumor squamifor'mis
    carno'sus.
    LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'vus , Lenis, leniens, from scales; fromAhertis,
    fleshya scale,'
    tumour,andcovered
    saqxonawith
    , &
    lenio , ' I assuage . ' medicine , which allays fleshy tumour.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus
    irritation or palliates disease ; also, a laxative describes tumours of this kind in the interior of
    medicine . A lenitive electuary is one that purges the mouth.
    gently . LEPIDOSES, Scaly diseases.
    LENOS, Torcular herophili. LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS , Ichthyosis-
    LENS, Érvum lens- 1."Crystalline, Crystal. 1. Ichthyiasis cornigera, Horny excrescences-
    line .
    LENTICULA. Dim. of lens, a lentil. A 1.1. Lepriasis, Lepra --.1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis
    Psoriasis , Psoriasis
    freckle. Also , the eruption of lenticular fever. LEPIS , Scale .
    See Ephelides . LEPORINA LABIA , Harelip.
    LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G. LEPORINUM ROSTRUM , Harelip .
    LENTICULARES GLANDULÆ , Lentic '. LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia .
    ular glands. Mucous follicles, having the shape LEPRA , henoa or henoa, from homis, ' &
    of a lentil, which are observed especially to scale,' Lepido'sis Lepriasis, Vitiligo, Lepra
    wards the base of the tongue . Græcorum , Leprosy, ( F. ) Lépre, Mal Saint
    LENTIGO , Ephelides . Main . This term has been applied to various
    LÉPRE 406 LEUCORRHEA

    affections, very different in character. 1. To LEROS, Delirium .


    the Leprosy of the Jews , Leuce , Lepido'sis Lepria- LESION , Læsio, from læsus, 'hurt,' ' injured .'
    sis canescens. A variety of the Alphos or Lepra Derangement, disorder; any morbid change,
    alphoi'des. The leuce was, generally, not either in the exercise of functions or in the
    scaly, but consisted of smooth , shining patches,texture of organs. Organic lesion is synonymous
    on which the hair turned white and silky, and with organic disease .
    the skin , with the muscular flesh , lost its sen- LESSIVE, Lixivium-1. de Tartre, Liquor po
    sibility. It was incurable . 2. To the Elephan- tassæ subcarbonatis.
    tiasis or Lepra of the Arabs. See Elephantia- LETHALIS , Lethiferous, Mortal.
    sis ; and 3. To the Lepra of the Greeks, which LETHALITAS, Mortality.
    includes all the varieties met with at the pre- LETH'ARGY, Lethargus, Carus lethargus,
    sent day . It is characterized by scaly patches Veter'nus, Lethar'gia , Oblivio iners, from anon ,
    of different sizes , but having always nearly a oblivion ,' and woyia , idleness . A constant
    circular form . state of stupor from which it is almost impossi
    Bateman and Willan describe three chief ble to arouse the individual; and , if aroused,
    varieties of this lepra -- 1. The Lepra rulga'ris, he speedily relapses into his former condition .
    Lepidosis lepriasis vulgaris, Dartre furfuracée LETHIF'EROUS, Lethif'erus, Letha'lis, Mor.
    arrondie, of Alibert , characterized as follows : tifer, from aron, death,' and qepw, ' I bear.'
    scales glabrous, whitish ; size of a crown piece ; Death -bearing, deadly .
    preceded by smaller reddish and glossy eleva- LETHUM , Death .
    tions of the skin , encircled by a dry , red, and LETTUCE, Lactuca-1. Strong -scented,
    slightly elevated border ; often confluent ;| Lactuca virosa.
    sometimes covering the whole of the body LETUM , Death .
    except the face . LEUCÆTHIOPIA . See Albino.
    2. The Lepra alphoi'des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis LEUCÆTHIOPS , Albino.
    albida, Alphos, Morpha'a alba, vitiligo alphus, LEUCANIA , Laucania.
    Albara, Albaras , Alburos, Lèpre écuilleuse of LEUCANTHEMUM , Anthemus nobilis ,
    Alibert, White leprosy. An affection, charac- Matricaria chamomilla— 1.Vulgare , Chrysanthe
    terized by white patches , surrounded by a rose- mum leucanthemum .
    coloured areola , which appear here and there LEUCE , Lepra (of the Jews .)
    on the surface; depressed in the middle ,and LEUCELECTRUM , Succinum (album .)
    3. Lepra nigricans, Lepra melas--Vitiligo LEUCOIUM , Lunaria rediviva-1 . Luteum ,
    melas, V. Nigra, Morphæ'a nigra, Lepra macu- Cheiranthus cheiri.
    lo'sa nigra, Albaras nigra, Melus, Lepidosis LEUCOʻMA , Oculo'rum albu'go, Albu'go,
    lepriasis nigricans, Black leprosy; in which the Albula . Leucoma and Albugo are often used
    scales are livid ; the size of half a dollar ; and synonymously , to denote a white opacity of the
    diffused over the body, but less widely than in cornea. Both are essentially different from the
    the Alphoides. The French pathologists usually nebula of the cornea ; the nebula being usually
    admit three species of lepra, to which they the result of chronic ophthalmy and an effusion
    give the epithets scaly, ( squameuse,) crustace of a milky serum into the texture of the deli
    ous, (crustucée,), and tubercular, (tuberculouse,) cate continuation of the conjunctiva over the
    according as ihe skin may be covered with cornea ;-the others are the result of violent,
    scales, crusts , or tubercles. acute ;,ophthalmia. In this state , a thick , co
    Lepra appears to be endemic in Egypt, in agulable lymph is extravasated from the arteries,
    Java , and certain parts of Norway and Sweden . sometimes superficially, at other times deeply,
    Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con- into the substance of the cornea . On other oc
    tribute to its development. casions, the disease consists of a firm , callous,
    The means, best adapted for its removal, are: cicatrix on this membrane, —the effect of a
    -amild , unirritating diet , emollient fomenta . wound or ulcer with loss of substance . The
    tions sulphureous baths, fumigations, & c. but, affection is more difficult of cure in proportion
    often , all remedial agents will be found inef- to its duration and to the age of the individual ;
    fectual. the activity of the absorbents being greater in
    LEPRA ARABUM, Elephantiasis Arabica—). youth. If inflammation still exists, antiphlo
    Fungifera, Frambæsia — 1.Græcorumi, Lepra— gistics must be persevered in ; and , afterwards,
    1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis - 1. Maculosa nigra , L. gentle stimulants be used to excite absorption;
    nigricans-1. Mediolanensis, Pellagra - 1. Mer . along with the internal use ofmercury oriodine.
    curial , Eczema mercuriale-1 . Taurica, Mal de LEUCONYMPHÆA, Nymphæa alba.
    Crimée . LEUCOPATHIA . See Albino .
    LÉPRE, Lepra - l. des Cossaques, Mal de LEUCOPHAGIUM , Blanc-manger.
    Crimée - l. Écailleuse, Lepra alphoides. LEUCOPHLEGMASIA DOLENS PUER
    LEPROSERIE , Ladrerie. PERARUM , Phlegmatia dolens.
    LEPROSY , Lepra - 1. black, Lepra nigricans LEUCOPHLEGMATIA , from 1euros,
    -1 . white , Lepra alphoides . · white ,' and gåeyna, ' phlegm .' A dropsical
    LEPSIS , Aitack . habit. Some writers use the word synony
    LEPTOPHONIA , Oxyphonia. mously with anasarca, ( q. v.;) others with en
    LEPTOS, Nentos, thin ,' ' light. Hence : physema.
    LEPTOTROPH'IA , from 2011tos,' light,' and LEUCOPYRIA , Hectic fever.
    Tpoon, ' nourishment.' Light nutrition. LEUCORRHOIS . See Hæmorrhois .
    L'EPTUNTICA , Attenuants. LEUCORRHOEA, Flutus vel fluor mulie' .
    LEPTYSMOS , Emaciation . bris , Profiu'vium mulie'bre , Cursus matri'cis ,
    LEREMA. See Dementia . Fluxus matri'cis, Elytritis, Coleosi'tis , Distilla':
    LÉVAIN 407 LEVATOR

    tio u'leri, Fluxio alba , Fleurs blanches, Pertes Oculi, Rectus superior oculi- 1 . Proprius sca
    blanches, Écoulement blanc, Catarrhe utérin, pulæ, L. scapulæ .
    The whites, Perte utérine blanche, Catame'nia LEVATOR LABIL INFERIO'Ris, Levator menti,
    alba, Menses albi, Menstrua alba, Menorrha'gia Elevator labii inferio'ris, Incisi'vus inferior,
    alba , Fluor muliebris non Gal'licus, Blennelyt'- Elevator labii inferioris proprius, Musculus
    ria ,Gonorrha'a benigʻra,notha invetera , Purga'- penicilla'tus. A portion of the mentolabial of
    tio mulie'bris alba , Alba purgamen'ta ,Cachet'ia Chaussier. ( F.) Houppe du menton , Releveur de
    uteri'na, Rheuma uteri, Uieri Cory'za ,Medorrhæa la lèvre inférieur, Releveur du menton . A small
    femina'rum insons, Blennorrhea seu Blennor- muscle situate before the symphysis menti . It
    Tha" gia genitalium , Ædæoblennorrha'a seu Me, is thick , conical; attached by its apex to a fos
    doblennorrhæ'a femina'rum ,from deuxos, white, ' sette at the side of the symphysis in the in
    and geo), ' I flow .'. A more or less abundant ferior maxillary bone. Its fibres proceed di
    discharge of a white, yellowish, or greenish verging and vanishing in the manner of a tuft,
    mucus ; resulting from
    acuteoforthe
    mation or from irritation chronic inflam- (F.) Houppe, on the skin
    membrane muscle raises the chin, of thechin. This
    and pushes upwards the
    lining the genital organs of the female. The Va- lower lip.
    ginal Leucorrhæa has been termed Blennorrhæa LEVATOR Labii SUPERIORIS ALÆQUE Nasi ,
    seu Fluor albus vagina , Leucorrhæ'a, Medor- Incisi'vus latera'lis et pyramida'lis, Grand sus
    tha'a vagina and Vaginitis, Elytroblennorrhea: maxillo-labial (Ch .,) ( F ) Élévateur commun de
    -the Uterine Leucorrhæa has received the l'aile du nez et de la lèvre supérieure. This
    names Fluor albus uteri, Leucorrhæ'a, Medor- muscle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate
    Tha'a uteri, Metroblennorrha'a . It is often at. at the sides of the nose . It arises from the
    tended with pain and a sense of heaviness in ascending process of the superior maxillary
    the loins , abdomen and thighs; disordered di- bone: thence its fibres descend in a diverging
    gestive functions, & c.so that, at times, the manner, a part being inserted into the ala of the
    health suffers largely , although there are few nose , and a part losing themselves in the upper
    females, who are not occasionally subject to lip . This muscle raises the upper lip and ala
    moderate leucorrhea. Attention to the general nasi, which it draws a little outwards.
    health , change of air, keeping up a perspirable LEVATOR LABI SUPERIORIS PROPRIUS, Mus'
    state of the surface by flannel worn next the culus incisi'ous, Elevator labii superioris pro
    skin , the horizontal posture, &c . do more than prius, Moyen -sus-maxillo-labial, (Ch . ,) Orbito
    pharmaceutical agents ; which are almost en- maxillo -labial. This thin , flat , quadrilateral
    tirely confined to astringent injections. These muscle is situate at the middle and inner part
    may be employed , when the discharge is so of the face. It arises from the os malæ and the
    great as to require them . os maxillare superius and is inserted into the
    LEUCORRHEA Analis, see Hemorrhois-1 . upper lip , which it raises, at the same time car
    Nabothi , see Parturition . rying it a little outwards.
    LÉVAIN, Ferment. LEVATOR PALA'Ti, Levator Palati Mollis , Pe
    LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS, , Abdu'cens trosalpin'go-staphili'nus vel Salpin'go-staphili'
    labio'rum , Eleva'tor labiorum commu'nis, Cani'. nus inter nus, Šalpingo-staphilinus, Pterigo-sta
    nus, Sus-maxillo -labial, Petit sus-marillo-labial philinus externus, Spheno-staphilinus, Spheno
    (Ch.,) (F.) Musclecanin.. A small, flat, long, palatinus, Peristaphylinus internus vel superior,
    quadrilateral muscle, which arises from the Pétro-staphylin, (Ch .) This muscle is long,
    fossa canina , and is inserted at the commissure narrow, and almost round above ; broader and
    of the lips, where it is confounded with the flatter inferiorly . It arises from the lower sur
    triangularis. It raises the corner of the mouth, face of the parspetrosa ; from the cartilage of
    and draws it towards the ear . the Eustachian tube ; and is inserted into the
    LEVATOR ANI, Levator magnus seu internus, substance of the velum palati. Its use is to
    Latus ani, Elevator ani, Sedem attollens, Pubio raise the velum palati.
    coccygien annulaire, Sous-pubio -coccygien, (Ch .) Levator PAL'PEBRÆ SUPERIORIS, Palpebræ
    (F.) Releveur de l'anus. A nuscle , situate at superioris primus, Apertor Oc'uli, Aperiens
    the lower part of the pelvis. It is broad, flat, Palpebra'rum rectus, Orbito-palpebral, (Ch.)
    quadrilateral, and broader above than below . Orbito-sus-palpebral. (F.) Élévateur de la pau
    It represents a kind of membranous partition , pière supérieure. A long , small , thin muscle,
    which closes the outlet of the pelvis and the situate at the upper part ofthe orbitar cavity.
    upper concavity of which is opposed to that of By its posterior extremity, it is inserted into
    the diaphragm . It is attached, above, to the the little ala of the sphenoid bone , immediately
    posterior surface of the body of the pubis, lo in front of the foramen opticum ; and , by its
    the upper part of the obturator foramen, and to anterior extremity, which is expanded, it'ter
    the spine of the ischium ; and it is inserted into minates at the upper margin of the tarsal car
    the coccyx, into an aponeurotic line common tilage of the eyelid. This muscle raises the
    to it and its fellow , and into the lateral parts of upper eyelid ; draws it backwards, and sinks it
    the rectum. This muscle supports the rectum ; in the orbit.
    raises it, and carries it upwards during the LEVATOR Pros'taTÆ , (F.) Releveurde la pros
    evacuation of the excrement. It can , also, tate. Santorini has given this name to the an
    compress the bladder and vesiculæ seminales, terior fibres of the levator ani,which embrace
    and thus favour the expulsion of the urine and the prostate .
    sperm . LEVATOR SCAPULÆ , Elerator Scapulæ , Ele
    LEVATOR Ani Parvus, Transversus perinæi vator seu Musculus Palien'tie ,Angula'ris vulgo 1

    -1. Auris, Attollens aurem - 1, Coccygis, Coc. Lerator proprius,-- Trachélo-scapulaire (Ch.)
    cygeus - 1. Menti, Leyator labii inferioris - 1. | (F .) Angulaire de l'omoplate, Releveur de l'omo
    LEVATORES COSTARUM 408 LICHEN

    plaie. This muscle is so called, because it is LEVISTICUM , Ligusticum levisticum.


    attached to the upper and internal angle of the LÈVRE , Lip.
    scapula . It is situate at the posteriorand late- LÈVRES GRANDES, Labia pudendi-l.
    ral part of the neck , and at the upper part of Pelitos, Nymphæ - l. de la Vulve , Labia pu.
    the back . It is long, flat, and broader above dendi .
    than below. In this lutter direction , it is inserted LEVURE , Yest -l . de la Bière, Yest.
    into the superior internal angle of the scapula ; LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
    and , in the former into the tops of the transverse LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge .
    processes of the first four cervical vertebræ . It LEY , Lixivium - 1. Soap, Liquor potassø .
    depresses the prominence of the shouider, by LÉZARD , Lizard . C
    raising the posterior angle of the scapula, on LIBANOS , Juniperus lycia .
    which it impresses a kind of rotary motion . LIBANOTIS CORONARIA , Rosmarinus.
    It can , also, draw the head to one side. LIBIDO . Desire, necessity . Authors speak
    LEVATOR URE'THRÆ , ( F. ) Relevcur de l'Urè. of Libido uri'na, Libido intesti'ni. Some employ
    thre. Santorini describe's under this name a itSalad'
    synonymously
    'itus.
    with Prurigo ; others, with
    portion of the transversus perinæi muscle .
    LEVATORES COSTARUM , Supracostales . LIBOS, from 2013w , " I distil. ' A defluxion
    LEVEN , Ferment. from the eyes.—Galen.
    LEVER , from lerare , ' to lift up.' Vectis , LIBRA , Pound. CE
    Porrec'tum . An inflexible rod , moving round LICHANOS, Index, see Digitus .
    a fixed point, and used for moving bodies,bear- LICHEN, 11Xuv or a mv, Eror'mia Lichen,
    ing burdens,or raising them . The point, on Leichen, Serpi'go, Volai'ica, Sun.rash. The
    which the lever moves, is called the Fulcium cutaneousaffection , described under this name
    or Hypomoch'lion. The force , which moves the by the Greek writers, is not clearly defined.
    lever, is called the power; and the weight to be Sonne have believed it to be the Impeti'go, but L
    moved, the resistance. There are three kinds this is doubtful. The name is , now , generally
    of levers. A lerer of the first kind has the ful applied to a diffuse eruption of red pimples,
    crum between the power and resistance. A le- accompanied with a troublesome sense of ting.
    ter of the second kind has the resistance be. ling or pricking . Drs . Willan and Bateman
    tween the fulcrum and power ; whilst a lerer define it, _ " an extensive eruption of papule
    of the third kind has the power between the affecting adults, connected with internal dis. 3
    fulcrum and resistance. In the locomotive sys- order, usually terminating in scurf ; recurrent, 2
    tem of the human body, we have example of not contagious.” One of their varieties, how . 2
    all the three kinds. The bones represent levers ; ever , the Lichen Tropicus,does not accord well 10
    the muscles of locomotion are powers ; the with this definition ; for it affects children as
    weight of parts to be moved constitutes the re- well as adults, and is unconnected with internal DE
    sistance. The fulcra are , at times, the joints ; disorder.
    at others, the ground , & c. The LICHEN SIMPLEX , Eror'mia Lichen sim .
    The head moves on the neck as a lever of the pler , consists of an eruption of red papulæ,
    first kind ; the first cervical vertebra forming appearing first on the face or arms, and after
    the fulcrum . We rise on tiptoe by a lever of wards extending over the body ; preceded for
    the second kind , the fulcrum being the ground a few days by slight febrile irritation, which 3
    under the toes: and we have examples of a usually ceases when the eruption appears ,
    lever of the third kind in the flexion of the with an unpleasant sense of tingling during
    fore-arm on the arm , in the elevation of the the night . It generally dies away in ten days
    arm , &c . or a fortnight.
    The LEVER, Vectis obstetri''cius, Vectis, (F.) The Lichen Pila'ris, Exormia Lichen pi
    .
    Lerier, is an instrument, curved at the extremi- luris, is merely a modification of the pre
    ty , and having a fenestra . It is used to assist ceding; the papulæ appearing at the roots of
    the extraction of the child's head, when instru- the hair.
    mental aid is necessary , The Lichen CIRCUMSCRIPTUS is character. ta

    Levers are , also ,used by the dentists for ex. ized by clusters or patches of pa pulæ , having a
    tracting stumps, &c. The Levier de l'Ecluse, well defined margin, and an irregularly cir
    Langue de Carpe, is employed for extracting cular form : continuing for six or eight weeks.
    the molar teeth . These varieties require but little medicinal
    LEVIATHAN PENIS, Pria'pus Ceti, Bale'- treatment. The antipblogistic plan is all that
    nas. The penis of the whale. This singular is necessary.
    medicine was , at one time, given in powder in The LICHEN AGRIUS, Exormia Lichen ferus,
    cases of dysentery and leucorrhea. Lichen Agrius, Pap'ula agria , is distinguished
    LEVIER , Lever - 1. de l'Ecluse , see Lever. by pimples in clusters or patches, surrounded
    期

    LEVIGATION , Levigatio , from leviga're, by a red halo ; the cuticle growing gradually
    阳 “ 世

    ' to polish . Porphyrization. An operation , by harsh , thickened, and chappy , often preceded
    which bodies are reduced to very fine powder. by general irritation .
    It is performed by putting substances, already In addition to antiphlogistics, a cooling oint
    pulverized, into water ; the coarser parts are ment may be used , to allay itching.
    not long in being deposited, whilst ihe finer In the Lichen Liv'ipus, the papulæ have a
    molecules remain suspended in the water. The dark red or livid hue, without any fever. The
    liquid is decanted into another vessel , and suf- papulæ are more permanent in this variety. It
    fered to remain at rest, until the fine particles requires the mineral acids and bark.
    are all collected at the bottom of the vessel . In the Lichen Trop'icus, Exor'mia Lichen
    The fluid part is then separated by decantation. tropicus, Eczes'ma, Es’sera , ( ?) Sudam'ina, (?)
    LICHENIASIS 409 LIGAMENT

    Prickly Heat, Summer Rash , the pimples are LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNGS KRAUT.
    bright red, and of the size of a small pin's ER . See Galeopsis grandiflora .
    head : with heat, itching, and pricking as if by LIEBERSCHE BRUSTKRAUTER. See
    needles. It is local; produced by excessive Galeopsis grandiflora.
    heat ; and disappears when the weather be- LIÈGE, Saber.
    comes cooler, or the individual is inured to the LIEN , ( F.) Vin'culum . A band, strap, or
    climate . garter , used in certain operations; as to tie
    The LICHEN URTICA'TUS , Eror'mia Lichen patients during the operation of lithotomy; to 1
    urtico'sus, is another variety. The Nettle Lichen fix the apparatus in fracture, &c.; also, the
    consists of papulæ, accompanied with wheals Spleen, (q. v.)
    like thoseof nettle rash
    , LIEN'TERY , Liente'ria, from heros ,
    LICHEN ARBORUM , Lichen pulmonarius - 1.smooth ,' and arrepor, -intestine .' Levitas in
    Blanc de Neige, L. Caninus -- 1. Boitier, L. pyxi- testino'rum, Diarrha'á Licnteria, Fluxus Licn
    datus . ter'icus, Chymorrha'a , Diarrhæ'a seu Laxitas
    Lichen Cani'nus, Lichen cinereus terrestris, ingestorum , D. dyspep'ticu, D. cum apepsiâ,
    Muscus cani'nus, Phys'cia nivu'lis , Peltig'era Slipperiness of the Guts. Frequent liquid
    cani'na, Ash -coloured Ground Liverwort. (F.) evacuations ; the food only half digested. This
    Lichen contre-rage, Lichen blanc de neige. This condition is always symptomatic of great ir
    cryptogamous plant was, for a long time, con-ritation in the intestinal canal; the sensibility
    sidered capable of preventing and curing Rabies of which is so much augmented, that it cannot
    canina. It has, also, been used in mania and in bear the sojourn of the food in it.
    spasmodic asthma. LIERRE, Hedera helix- . Tcrrestre, Gle
    LICHEN CINEREUS TERRESTRIS, L. caninus comahederacea.
    - . Carrageen, Fucus crispus - 1. Cocciferus, LIFE , Sax. lif , lyr, Vila, Bios, Biote, Zve.
    L. pyxidatus— . Contre-rage, L. caninus - 1.| (F .) Vie. The state of organized beings, during
    Entonnoir, L. pyxidatus . which , owing to the union of an immaterial
    LICHEN ISLAN'vicus, Muscus Islandicus, M. imponderable principle with matter, they are
    cathar'ticus, Cladonia Islandica, Physcia Island- capable of performing functions different from
    ica, Cetraria Island'ica , Iceland Lichen or Liver. those that regulate other natural bodies ; all of
    wort or Moss. ( F.) Lichen d'Islande. This plant which functions, however numerous and di
    is inodorous , with a bitter and mucilaginous versified , work to one end . Life has orrly á
    taste. It is esteemed to be tonic , demulcent, limited duration ; beyond which , -the organic
    and nutrient. Dose, 3j to ziv,being first steeped functions ceasing to be executed , --the body is
    in water holding in solution some carbonate of given up to the agency of chymical affinity.
    potass, to extract the bitter, and then boiled in Hence Bichat has defined life to be-the ag.
    milk. A bitter principle has been extracted gregate of the functions which resist death . On
    from it, termed Cetrarin , which has been given account of the difference that exists amongst
    in intermittents. the vital funotions, he has applied the terne
    LICHEN Plicarus , Muscus arbo'reus seu Organic Life to the functions inservient to com
    Querci'ni Herba . This plant is applied , as an position and decomposition ;-as digestion , re
    astringent, to bleeding vessels; and to parts spiration, circulation, calorification ,absorption ,
    which are excoriated after long journeys, by secretion, and nutrition ; and Animal Life, to
    functions which connect man and animals
    the Laplanders. those
    Lichen Pulmona'rius, Muscus pulmonarius with external bodies ; as the understanding,
    querci'nus, Pulmonaria arbdrea, Loba'ria pul- sensations, locomotion,and voice.
    monaria, Lichen arborum , Oak Lungs, Tree Life's Bloop, Cillo .
    Lungwort, Hazel Crottles. ( F.) Lichen pulmo- LIGAMENT, Ligamen'tum , froin liga're, ' to
    naire. This plant is sub-astringent, and rather bind ; Desmos, Syndesmos, Culliga'men , Cop'.
    acid. It was once in high repute in curing dis- ula . A name, given to fibrous structures, which
    eases of the lungs. serve to unite bones, and to form articulations ;
    Lichen Pyxida'tus, Muscus Pyxida'tus, hence the division of interosseous and articular
    Scyphoph'orus pyxidatus, Musculus pyxor'des ligaments. They are of a white,close texture ;
    terrestris, Lichen pyxidatusmajor, Lichen coccif'- but little extensible, and difficult to break. The
    erus, Cup Moss , Herba Ignis. (F.) Lichen en- name ligament bas, also , been given to any
    tonnoir, Lichen Boitier, L. Pyxide. This plant is membranous fold, which retains an organ in its
    sub -astringent, and has been used in decoction situation .
    in hooping -cough. TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL LIGAMENTS.
    LICHEN ROCCEL'LA, Roccella , Litmus, Lac
    mus tincto'rius, Orchill, Cana'ry Archell, Chin . Capsular ligament.
    ney -weed, Herb Archel. (F.) Orseille . The 1. Of theLower Jaro . Suspensory ligament of the sty
    Jo - glossus.
    chief use of this plant is as a blue dye. It Lateral ligament.
    has been employed to allay cough in phthi. ( Two capsular ligaments be
    sis, & c . tween atlas and head .
    Circular ligament.
    Connecting
    LICHEN SAXAT'Ilis , Muscus Cranii humani, 2.Head the
    with the first Two capsular between atlas
    Usnea . This moss , when found growing on a and second Verte
    and axis .
    human skull , was formerly in high estimation bre , and these with l'erpendicular ligament.
    against head affections, & c. each other . Two lateral or moderator liga
    ments .
    LICHEN STELLATUM ,Marchantia polymorpha. Transverse ligament and its ap.
    LICHENIASIS , Strophulus. pendices .

    52
    LIGAMENT 410 LIGAMENT
    Anterior common . 16. Of the first and
    Crucial intervertebral . secondjoints of the Capsular.
    Ligaments running from the Thumb, and second Lateral.
    edge of the bony arch and and third joints of
    3. Of the other Ver spinous process of one ver. the Fingers.
    tebra to that of the next. Annular.
    tebra . Interspinous ligament. Vaginal or flexor tendons.
    Ligamentum nuchæ. 17. Retaining the Ten Vaginal or crucial of the pha
    Intertransverse. dons of the Muscles langes.
    Capsular. of the Hand and Accessory of the flexor tendons.
    Posterior or internal common . Fingers in sitů. Posterior annular.
    Capsular of the heads of ribs . Vaginal of extensors .
    Capsular of the tubercles. Transverse of extensors.
    Ligamenta transversaria inter Capsular and accessory slips.
    na. 18. Connecting the Os Round or teres ligament.
    Ligamenta transversaria exter- Femoris with the Os Cartilaginous ligament.
    na . Innominatum . Double cartilaginousligament.
    Ligamenta cervicis costarum Ligamenta mucosa.
    externa . Lateral, -internal and external.
    Ligamentous fibres running External short lateral ligament.
    4. Of the Ribs, Ster- from the margins of the ex Posterior ligament.
    num, &c . tremities of the ribs to the Ligament of the patella .
    corresponding cartilages. Capsular.
    Radiated ligaments from carti- 19. Ofthe Knee- Joint. Ligamentum alare , -majus et
    minus.
    lage of ribs to the sternum .
    Capsular L. of the cartilages of Ligamentum mucosum .
    the ribs. Twocrucial, --anterior and pos
    Proper membrane of sternum . terior .
    L. ofcartilagoensiformis. Transverse
    Tendinous expansions over the Capsular.
    intercostales, &c. 20. Connecting Fibula ) Interosseous.
    Two transverse , -one superior, and Tibia . Anterior superior.
    one inferior. Posterior superior.
    Ilio - sacral. Anterior ligament of the Fibu
    la .
    Capsular of the sacro - iliac syn
    chondrosis. 21. Connecting the Middle or perpendicular of fibu
    Two sacro -ischiatic , -posterior Tarsal rith the Leg la . in
    and anterior, with the supe- Bones. Posterior of fibula.
    5. Of the Pelvis. perior and inferior appendi Deltoides of tibia .
    ces . Capsular.
    Longitudinal of os coccygis . Capsular.
    Inguinal ligament. Short ligaments.
    Capsular of symphysis pubis. Capsular, broad superior, and
    Ligament of foramen thyroi lateral ligaments , connecting
    deum . astragalus and naviculare.
    Radiated ligament. Superior, lateral, and inferior,
    Capsular. fixing os calcis to os cuboides.
    Interclavicular. Long, oblique, and rhomboid ,
    6. Ofthe Clavicle. Ligamentum rhomboideum . forming the inferior liga
    Claviculo -acromial. ments .
    Conoid . Superior superficial, interosse
    Trapezoid . ous and inferior transverse DA
    7. Of the Scapula. Anterior triangular. 22. Ligaments of the ligaments , fixing the os navi
    Proper posterior. Tarsus. culare and os cuboides.
    8. Of the Shoulder Capsular. Superior lateral, and plantar, 9
    Joint. which fix the os naviculare ar
    Capsular. and cuneiforme.
    Brachio -ulnar. Superior superficial and plan
    Brachio - radial. tar, connecting the os cu
    9. Of the Elbow- Coronary of the radius. boides and os cuneiforme er . fo
    Joint. Anterior and posterior acces ternum .
    sory Dorsal and plantar, uniting the 27
    Intermuscular of the os hu ossa cuneiformia . ta
    meri. The proper capsular of each lig
    10. Carpal extremity Interosseous ligament. bone.
    of Radiusand Ulna, ) Oblique orchorda transversalis 23. Ligamentsbetween Capsular.
    and between thuse cubiti. Tarsus and Meta - Dorsal, plantar, lateral, straight,
    bones. Capsular. tarsus . oblique, and transverse. 07

    Capsular. Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, th


    11. Between Fore-arm Two lateral. 24. Connecting the Me- connecting the metatarsal
    and Wrist. Mucous. tasarsal Bones. bones.
    Transverse ligaments. er:
    Annular.
    Capsular. 25. Of the Phalanges À Capsular.
    12. Of Carpus. Short ligaments, oblique, of the Toes. Lateral. 2
    transverse, capsular, and Annular.
    proper. Vaginal of the tendons of the
    13. Between Carpal Articular lateral. peronei .
    and Metacarpal Laciniated.
    Bones.
    Straight, perpendicular, &c. 26. Retaining the Ten- Vaginal of the tendon of the
    14. Between the extre- Interosseous, at the bases and dons of the Muscles flexor longus pollicis.
    mities of the Meta- heads, -dorsal, lateral, pal- of theFoot and Toes Vaginal andcrucialof the ten re

    carpal Bones. mar . in situ. dons of the flexors of the toes.


    15. At the base of the Accessory of the flexor tendons
    Metacarpal Bone of | Capsular. of the toes.
    the Thumb, and at Lateral.
    Transverse of the extensor ten
    the first joint of the dons.
    Fingers.
    "
    LIGAMENT ARTERIEL 411 LILIUM CANDIDUM

    The Suspen'sORY LIGAMENT OF THE LIVER,|into seven rays, viz. into red, orange, yellow
    Ligamen'tum latum , Suspensorium Hepatis, is green, blue, purple, and violet.
    a large, triangular reflection, formed by the pe- Light acts upon the body as a gentle and
    ritoneum between the superior surface of the salutary stimulus. It urges to exercise , whilst
    liver and the diaphragm . It is constituted of privation of it induces sleep and inactivity , and
    two layers, and is continuous, below , with disposes to obesity. Hence it is , that, in rural
    another reflection , called the Fulx of the Umbi- economy , animals, which are undergoing the
    lical Vein . See Falx . process of fattening, are kept in obscurity.
    The CoR'ONARY LIGAMENT OF THE LIVER When vegetables are deprived of light, their
    is a reflection formed by the peritoneum , be- nutrition is interfered with, and they become
    tween the posterior margin of the liver, and etiolated. To a certain extent this applies to
    the lower surface of the diaphragm . See animals, and there is every reason to believe,
    Falx . that want of light prevents the due develop
    LIGAMENT ARTÉRIEL, Arterial ligament ment of organized bodies. Edwards found that
    -1 . Cervical supraspinal , see Supraspinosa liga- when tadpoles were deprived of light, they did
    menta - 1. Costo -Xiphoid, Xiphoid ligament , not undergo the perfect metamorphosis into the
    1. Dorso-lumbo -supraspinal, see Supraspinosa frog, but that monstrosities from arrestof deve .
    ligamenta – 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch-. lopmentwere induced.
    Infra-pubian , Triangular ligament-l. Interépi- LIGHTNING , Astrape.
    neuz, Interspinal ligament-1. Palmar inferior, LIGHTS, RISING OF THE, Cynanche
    Metacarpal ligament - 1. Poupart's, Crural arch trachealis.
    -l. Rond, Ligamentum teres - 1. Sur- épineur LIGNE, Line-1. Ipre, Linea aspera - 1.
    cervical, see Supraspinosa ligamenta—). Sur- Blanche, Linea alba - 1. Courbe , Curved line-l.
    épineur-dorso-loinbaire, see Supraspinosa liga- Médiane de l'abdomen , Linea alba- . Sous
    menta . trochantérienne, Linea aspera .
    LIGAMENTA INTERVERTEBRALIA , In- LIGNIN , from Lignum , ' wood .' Woody
    tervertebral cartilages. fibre, or the fibrous structure of vegetable sub
    LIGAMENTA ROTUNDA Uteri, Round liga- stances.
    ments of the uterus. LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum - 1. Aspala
    LIGAMENTS CROISÉS, Crucial ligaments thi, Agallochum - 1. Benedictum , Guaiacum
    -l. Cruciformes, Crucial ligaments— . Jaunes, 1. Brasilianum rubrum , Hæmatoxylon campe
    Yellow ligaments - 1. of the Larynx inferior, chianum - 1. Cæruleum , Hæmatoxylon campe
    Thyreo-ary tenoid ligaments - 1. Ronds de l'ute. chianum-1 . Campechense , Hæmatoxylon cam
    rus, Roundligaments of the uterus. pechianum - 1. Campechianum , Hæmatoxylon
    LIGAMENTUM NUCHÆ, Cervical liga- campechianum - 1. Campescanum , Hæmatoxy
    ment - 1. Suspensorium testis, Gubernaculum lon campechianum - 1. Colubrinum ,see Strych
    testis. nos - 1. Hæmatoxyli, Hæmatoxylon campechia
    LIGATIO , Fascia, Ligature . num-1. Indicum , Guaiacum , Hæmatoxylon
    LIGATURA, Fascia . campechianum - 1. Infelix , Sambucus - 1. Ne
    LIGATURE , Ligatu'ra , Liga'tio, Alligatu'ra, phriticum , Guilandina Moringa ( the wood ) -1.
    Deliga'tio, Vinctu'ra, Fascia , Epid'esis, from Pavanæ, Croton tiglium - 1. Quassiæ , see Quas .
    ligo ," I bind.' This word has various accepta- sia-1 . Sanctum , Guaiacum-1 . Sappan , Hæma
    tions. It means, 1. The thread with which an toxylon campechianum - 1. Serpentum , Ophi .
    artery or vein is tied , to prevent or arrest he- oxylum serpentinum-1 . Vitæ , Guaiacum.
    morrhage. 2. The cord or thread or wire , used LIGNYODES, Fuliginous.
    for removing tumours, &c. 3. The bandage used LIG'ULA OR LINGULA . The clavicle,
    for phlebotomy. Ligature is, also, sometimes (q.v.;) also, the glottis, (q. v. ,) and epiglottis,
    applied to the act of tying an artery or conside- (q. v .) Also , a measure containing 3 drachms
    rable vessel. When the artery alone is tied , the and á scruple. Scribon. Also, a species of
    ligature is said to be immediate ; when any of bandage or ligature. - Scribon.
    the surrounding parts are included, it is said to LIGUSTICUM FENICULUM, Anethum .
    be mediate. The ligature occasions obliteration Ligus'TICUM Levis'ticum, Levisticum , La
    or adhesion of the arterial parietes, by cutting serpitium German'icum , Ligusticum, Lovage.
    through its middle and internal coats; the ad- | (F.) Livéche,Achedes montagnes. Theproperties
    hesion being favoured by the formation of a of this plant are said to be stimulant, carmina
    coagulum , which acts, in some degree, as a tive, emmenagogue, & c,
    barrier against the impulse of the blood, and LigusticuM PODAGRARIA , Ægopo'dium po
    subsequently disappears by absorption . dagraria, Ses'eli egopo'dium , Angel'ica sylvestris,
    LIGHT, Sax . leoht, liht, (G.), Licht- Gout weed . A British plant, once considered
    Luz , Lumen , Luce, Phos. ( F. ) Lumière . Anex . useful in cases of gout.
    tremely rare fluid, diffused over the universe ; LIGUSTRUM ÆGYPTIACUM , Law .
    emanating from the sun and fixed stars; tra- sonia inermis.
    versing more than four millions of leagues in a LIGYSMA , Distortion .
    minute ; passing through transparent bodies, LILI , Lilium Paracelsi .
    which refract it according to their density and LILIA'GO . Dim. of Lilium , the lily ;
    combustibility ; and arrested by opaque bodies, Spiderwort ;-Liliastrum . This plant was for
    by which it is reflected at an angle equalto the merly said to be alexipharmic
    LILIASTRUM and carminative,
    angle of incidence. It is the cause of colour in , Liliago.
    all bodies ; being entirely reflected by white LILIUM CAN'DIDUM , Crinon , L. album .
    surfaces and absorbed by black . It is decom- The white lily. ( F. ) Lis blanc. The infusion of
    posed in passing through a transparent prism the flowers of the lily in olive oil is emollient,
    LILIUM CONVALLIUM 412 LINGUAL

    and often applied externally ,under the name see Linum usitatissimum- . Purgatif, Linum
    of Lily oil, ( F.) Huile de lis. ' The scales of the catharticum .
    bulb , roasted , are sometimes employed as ma- LINAIRE , Antirhinum linaria,
    turatives . LINAMENTUM , Carbasus.
    LILIUM CONVALLIUM , Convallaria mai. LINARIA , Antirhinum linaria.
    alis. LINCTUARIUM , Eclectos .
    Lilium PARACEL'si , or Tinctu'ra METAL- LINCTUS , Eclectos– ). Albus, Looch album
    LO'num , Lili. A medicine employed by Paracel-1-1. Amygdalinus, Looch album - 1. ad Aphthas,
    sus . It was prepared by melting in a crucible Mel boracis — I. de Borace ,Mel boracis-1 . Com
    four ounces of each of the following alloys : munis, Looch album .
    Antimony and iron, antimony and tin, antimony LINDEN TREE , Tilia.
    and copper, previously mixed with eighteen LINE, Linea , Gramme, ( F.) Ligne. Extent
    ounces ofnitrateof potass, and as much salt ofin length, considered without regard to breadth
    tartar. The melted mass, when pulverized , or thickness.
    was treated with rectified alcohol, which really LINEA , Line .
    dissolved only the potass , set at liberty by the The Linea Alba , (F. ) Ligne blanche, Ligne mé .
    decomposition experienced by the nitre and salt diane de l'abdomen (Ch.) Čandidula abdom'inis
    of tartar. The Lilium Paracelsi was used as a lin'ea, Lin'ea centralis, is a tendinous, strong, and
    cordial . It entered into the composition of the highly resisting cord ; extending from the en
    theriacal elixir , &c . siform cartilage of the sternum to the symphy.
    LILY , MAY, Convallaria maialis - 1. of the sis pubis, with the umbilicus near its middle .
    Valley , Convallaria maialis-1 . Water, white , The linea alba is formed by the decussation of
    Nymphæa alba - 1. Water, yellow , Nymphæa the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles : and
    lutea--!. White , Lilium candidum . its use is to limit the movement of the chest
    LIMACIEN; (F.) from limaçon, the cochlea of backwards ; to prevent it from separating too L
    the ear. A branch of the acoustic or labyrinthic far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed point
    nerve sent to the cochlea. for the muscles of the abdomen, in their con
    LIMAÇON , Cochlea, Limax-l . Rampes du, traction .
    see Cochlea. The LINEA As'PERA , (F.) Ligne åpre, Rag.
    LIMANCHIA , Abstinence . ged ridge, Ligne sous-trochantérienne (Ch .) A 1
    LIMAX, Helir, the Slug or Snail. (F.) Li- rough projection at the posterior surface of the
    maçon , Colimaçon, Escargot. A syrup has been femur, which gives attachment to muscles.
    prepared from these animals, which has been LINEA CANDIDULA ABDOMINIS , L. alba-1 .
    given in phthisis, & c . The raw snails have also Centralis, L. alba-1 . Innominata, L. ilio-pec

    2
    been taken in consumption. They were used tinea.
    as food LINEÆ TRANSVERSÆ . See L. semilunares.
    LIMB, Membrum . LINEAIRE , Linear .
    LIMBUS LUTEUS RETINÆ , see Foramen The Median LINE OF THE Bopy is an imagi
    centrale-1. Posterior corporis striati, Tænia nary line , supposed to set out from the top of 6
    semicircularis . the head and to fall between the feet, so as to
    LIME. A fruit like a small lemon,the juice divide the body vertically into two equal and 10

    of which is strongly acid , and is much used for symmetrical parts.


    making punch . It is, also, used in long voy- The LINEÆ SEMILUNA'REs are the lines, which
    ages as an antiscorbutic, &c. It is a species of bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of LI
    mon . the abdomen. They are formed by the union
    LIME , Calx-1 . Carbonate of, Creta . Chlo. of the abdominal tendons. The lines which $1
    ride of, Calcis chloridum-1 . Muriate of, Calcis cross these muscles are called Lineæ transter'sæ.
    chloridum--) . Muriate of, solution of, see Caleis LINEAMENT, Lancamen'tum , from linea ,
    murias - 1. Sulphuret of, Calcis sulphuretumma line . ' A delicate trait observed on the coun
    1. Tree , Tilia-1 . Water, Liquor calcis - 1. tenance , which constitutes its special character,
    Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus. enables us to preserve its image, and is the
    LIMITROPHES . See Trisplanchnic cause of resemblance to others. A feature. It
    perve. Bonnet gave the name Lineament to the first
    LIMNE , Marsh . traces of organization in the embryo of man and
    LIMOCTONIA , Abstinence . animals .
    LIMON . See Citrus medica. LIN’EAR, Linea'ris; from linea, ' a line.' (F.) ta
    LIMONADE, Leinonade-l . Sèche, Lemon- Linéaire . Pathologists apply the epithet linear, a
    ade , dry ; see Citric acid . to fractures which are very narrow , and in
    LIMONIUM , Statice limonium - 1, Malum , which the fragments are scarcely separated.
    see Citrus medica. LINGUA , Tongue - 1. Bovis , Anchusa offici
    LIMONUM BACCA . See Citrus medica. nalis - 1. Canina , Cynoglossum - 1. Cervina,
    LIMOS , aquos, ' hunger.' (q. v . ) Hence : Asplenium scolopendrium -- l. Prognosis ex ,
    LIMO'SIS , from aros, hunger.' Stomach Glossomantia- .' Serpentaria , Ophioglossum
    disease, Morbid ap'petite. A genus in the class vulgatum .
    Cælinca , order Enterica, of Good. LINGUÆ DETENTOR , Glossocatochus - 1. Ex.
    Limosis CARDIALGIA MORDENS, Cardialgia - oncosis,Glossoncus- 1. Scalpium , Cure langue.
    1. Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis - 1. Dyspepsia, LINGUAL, Lingua'lis. Relating or belong
    Dyspepsia - 1. Expers, Anorexia - 1. Expers ing to the tongue.
    protracta, Fasting - 1. Flatus , Flatulence-1 . The LinguaL Muscle, Lingua'lis, Basioglos
    Helluonum , Gluttony -1. Pica, Malacia. sus (Cowper), Glossia'nus, is a small , long, fas
    AIN , Linum usitatissimum- . Graines de ; ciculus of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the
    LINGUALIS 413 LINIMENT

    tongue, between the hyoglossus and styloglos- ret of potass zvj, white soap fbij, oil of poppy
    sus muscles, which are on the outside, and the biv , oil of thyme zij : used in the itch .
    genioglossus, within . This muscle passes from LINIMENT, Simple, Linimentum simplex - 1.
    the base to the tip of the tongue ; and , at its Soap and opium , Linimentum saponis et opii
    sides, is confounded with the muscles just re- 1. Soap, compound, Linimentum saponis com
    ferred to . It shortens the tongue, depresses its pos. - 1. Turpentine, Linimentum terebinthinæ
    point, and can carry it to the right or left side. -1. of Verdigris, Linimentum æruginis - l. de
    The LinguaL AR'TERY, Arteria lingua'lis Vert de gris, Linimentum æruginis - 1. Volatil,
    arises from the external carotid ; and, after Linimentum ammoniæ fortius.
    several tortuosities, reaches the base of the LINIMENTUM ÆRU'GINIS , Oxymel
    tongue , becomes horizontal, and, under the Æru'ginis, Unguen'tum Ægyptiacum , Melli'
    name Ranine, advances to the tip, where it tum de acetate cupri, Liniment of verdigris,
    anastomoses with its fellow. In its course it de
    (F.)cuivre.
    Liniment de Vert-de-gris, Miel d'acetate
    gives off the Dorsalis-linguæe and sublingual. ( Ærugin , cont. Zj, acet. Zyij, mellis
    The LINGUAL VEin follows nearly the same despum . pond. Zxiv. Liquefied, strained, and
    distribution as the artery . It opens into the in- inspissated by boiling. Ph . L.) It is used as
    ternal jugular. an escharotic and detergent; -diluted, as a gar
    The LinguaL NERVE is a name , which has gle in venereal ulcerations and in foul ulcers.
    been
    which
    given to the ninth pair or Hypoglossus, LINIMENTUM ALBUM, Ceratum cetacei, Un
    see . guentum cetacei-1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquæ
    The Lingual nerve is, also, a term applied to calcis.
    a branch given off from the Inferior marillary ; LINIMENTUM AMMO'NIÆ CARBONATIS,Liniment
    or third branch of the fifth pair. Near its ori- of subcarbonate of ammonia , Linimentum am .
    gin it anastomoses with, or simply runs close to, mo'nia , Linimentum volatilé ; Hartshorn and
    the corda tympani. It afterwards gives off a oil. ( F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ammoniaque.
    considerable number of filaments, which are ( Solut. subcarb. ammon. Zj, olei. olio. Žiij.
    distributed to the tongue, and some of which Shake till they unite .) A stimulating liniment,
    are said to have even been traced as far as the mostly used to relieve rheumatic pains, bruises,
    papillæ ;-a distribution which has occasioned &c.
    it to be regarded as the Gustatory nerve. LINIMENTUM AMMONIÆ FORTIUS, Sapo am
    LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle. moniacalis, Linimentum ammonia'tum seu am
    LINGULA , Ligula . mo'nicum seu Anglica'num, Sapo ammo'nie oled -
    LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA. See Li - ceus, Unguen'tum album resoľdens, Oleum am
    num usitatissimum . monia'tum , Linimentum ammoniæ , Strong lini
    LINIMENT, Linimentum , Litus, Enchris'- mentof ammonia , ( F. ) Liniment volatil ou am
    ton , Catachris'ton, Perich'risis, Perichris'ton, moniacal, Savon ammóniacal. (Liq. ammon. Zj,
    Aleipha, Aleimma, Enchrista, Frictum , Fricato' olei olivæ, zij. Shake till they mix. Ph. L.) A
    rium, Inunc tio , from lini're, 'to anoint gently,' stimulating and rubefacient soap .
    • to anoint.' An unctuousmedicine,containing LINIMENTUM AMMONIATUM SEU AMMONIACUM,
    usually oil or lard, and which is used externally, L. ammoniæ fortis - 1. Anglicanum , L. Ammo
    in the form of friction . niæ fortis - l. ad Aphthas, Mel boracis.
    LINIMENT AMMONIACAL , Linimentum LINIMENTUM AQUÆ Calcis , Linimentum Cal
    ammoniæ fortius --l. de Carbonate d'ammoniaque, cis, Oleum lini cum calcē, Sapo calca'rius, Lini
    ambustiones
    Linimentum ammoniæ carbonatis. mentum ad , Liniment of lime water,
    LINIMENT ANTIHEMORRHOIDALE DE (F.) Liniment d'eau de chaur, Sucon calcaire,
    SIEUR ANDRY (F.) This is formed of Nar- |Liniment calcaire. ( Olei lini usitat.,aquæ calcis,
    bonne honey, Olive oil and Turpentine. partes æquales. Mix. Ph. E.) A cooling and
    LINIMENT ANTIPARALYTIQUE ( F. ) emollient application to burnsand scalds .
    Composed of Subcarbonate ofammonia, alcohó- LINIMENTUM ARCÆr , Unguentum elemi com .
    lized oil ; black soap , and oil of rosemary. positum - 1. de Borate, Mel boracis — 1. Calcis,
    LINIMENT , ANTISCROPH'Ulous, or HUFELAND, L.aquæ calcis.
    It is composed of fresh or's gall, White soap, LINIMENTUM Camp'HoRÆ , Oleum camphora '.
    Unguentum althææ, Volatile oil of petroleum , tum , Solu'tio camphoræ oleo'sa, Camphor lini
    Carbonate of ammonia , and Camphor. ment , (F.) Liniment camphré. ( Camphoræ ziv,
    LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum aquæ olivæ olei zij. Dissolve . Ph. L.) It is used as
    calcis - 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphoræ - l. a stimulant and discutient.
    Camphré, Linimentum Camphoræ - 1. of Can- LINIMENTUM CAMPHORÆ COMPOS'ITUM ,
    tharides, camphoraled, Linimentum e canthari. Ward's essence for the headache, Compound cam
    dibus camphoratum—!. Cantharide camphré, phor liniment Camphor 3ij, liq. ammoniæ 3ij,
    Linimentum e cantharidibus camphoratum - i. spirit. lavand . Ibj. Ph. L.) it is stimulant and
    d'Eau de chaur, Linimentum aquse calcis-1 . of anodyne.
    Lime water, Linimentum aquæ calcis - l. de LINIMENTUM E CANTAARID'IBUS CAMPHORA'.
    Mercure, Linimentum hydrargyri - 1. Mercu- TUM , Camphora'ted liniment of canthar'ides ,( F.)
    rial , Linimentum hydrargyri- . de Saron, L. cantharide camphré, ( Tinct.cantharid. Zss, ol.
    Linimentum saponis compositum-l. de Savon amygd. dulc. Ziv, sapon, amygd. 3j , camphor
    opiacé, Linimentum saponis et opii. 3ss. Dissolve the camphor in theoil and add
    LINIMENT RÉSOLUTIF DE POTT, com- this mixture to the tincture and soap. Ph. P.)
    posed of oil of turpentine and muriatic acid . Rubefacient and discutient.
    Used in rheumatismn , swellings , &c . LINIMENTUM HYDRAR'GYRI , Mercu'rial lini
    LINIMENT SAVONNEUX HYDROSUL- ment, (F.) L.de mercure, (Ung. Hyd. fort.,adip.
    FURÉ DE JADELOT. Composed of sulphu- præp. àa ziv, cumphore zi, sp. rect. git.xv, li
    LINNÆA BOREALIS 414 LIPOMA

    quor ammon. Ziv . Rub the camphor with the LINUM CRUDUM. See Apolinosis-- 1. Mini fatt
    spirit ; add the ointment and lard; and, lastly, mum , L. Catharticum . I
    gradually add the solution . Ph . L. ) It is used LINUM USITATIS'SIMUM, Common flar, ( F.)
    lea
    as a stimulant and discutient to venereal swell. Lin . The seed , Sem'ina lini usitatis'simi, Lino of
    ings, &c. spermum , Linseed , Flaxseed , ( F.) Grains de lin ,
    LINIMENTUM PLUMBATUM, Unguentum plum- are inodorous and almost tasteless ; yielding
    bi superacetatis - 1. Saponaceum opiatum , L.sa- mucilage to warm water, and oil by expression.
    ponis et opii . They are demulcent and emollient. Linseed ,
    LINIMENTUM SAPONA'CEUM HYDROSULPHURA'- when ground into powder , form a good emol .
    TUM . ( Sapon . com. 500 p. Liquefy in a water lient poultice. It is only necessary to stir the
    bath in an earthen vessel ; and add ol, papav. powder into boiling water. The oil, Oleum 1
    alb . 250 p . Mix intimately , and add dry sul lini,is emollient and demulcent. L
    phurct of potass 100 p. Beat together, and add LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum . Lap
    oil of poppy- seed 750 p. Ph.P. ) In cutaneous LION'S TAIL , Leonurus.
    affections, psora, herpes, &c . LIP , Sax . and Germ . Lippe, Cheilos, La- '
    LINIMENTUM SAPO'Nis Compos'ITUM, Tinctura vium , Labrum , (F. ) Lèvre. The lips are com lids
    saponis camphora'ta, Opodel'doch, Steer's opo- posed of different muscular fasciculi, nerves, ehr
    deldoch, (F.) L. de Savon. Compound soap Lini. and vessels , covered by the skin and mucous ege!
    ment. (Saponis duri zij, camphora 3j. sp . ro- membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe .
    Tismarin . tbj.) The following form is given by the anterior aperture of that cavity ; and are 1
    a committee of the Philadelphia College of inservient to mastication, pronunciation, & c. LI
    Pharmacy ( Alcohol Oviij , Sapon. alb. 3xx, aq. They are distinguished into upper and lower
    ammon. f. Ziv, Camphore Zviij, ol.Rorismarini, —Anochei'lon, and Catochei'lon -- and are placed
    ol. Monard, äā 3j.) Stimulant and anodyne ; in front of each jaw , forming the anterior aper LI
    in bruises , local pains, &c. ture of the mouth between them . They unite frou
    LINIMENTUM SAPO'NIS ET Opu , L. sapona'- at each side , and form what are called the for
    ceum opia'tum - Soap and opium liniment. angles or commissures of the mouth - Chalini.
    Bates's anodyne balsam, Balsamum anod'ynum , Their free edge is covered with a mucous fatty
    Tinctura suponis et opii, (F.) L. de saron opiace . membrane, of a more or less vivid red, accord L
    ( Saponis duri Ziv, opii 3 , camphore zij, olei ing to the individual. They receive their arte quoc
    rorismarin. zss, alcohol ibij. Ph. E.) Ano- ries from the external carotid. Their veins Itse
    dyne ; in chronic rheumatism and local pains in open into the two jugulars. Their lymphatic sulp
    general . vessels descend into the ganglions, situate be man
    LINIMENTUM SImplex, Simple liniment, (ol. neath the chin. Their nerves are derived from vola
    oliv. 4 p. ceræ alba 1 p. fiat linimentum . Ph. E. ) the infraorbitar, mental, and facial. Ligg
    Emollient, used in chaps, &e. The Lips , Labia , (F.) Lèvres de la vulde, are 9200
    LINIMENTUM SIMPLEX , Unguentum ceræ. folds belonging to the genital organs of the fe Liqe
    FREEMAN'S BATHING Spirits consist of lin . male , and distinguished into
    sapon. comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir. 1. Labia puden' di, Labia majo'ra, Episi'a ,Ale Liqu
    Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Free- majores, Crem'noi, ( F.) Grandes Léores. These LI
    man's in the addition of some essential oils . are two membranous folds , thicker above than
    LINIMENTUM TEREBIN'THINÆ . Tur'pentine below , which limit the vulva laterally, and ex Stri
    liniment. ( Cerat. resina, lúj, ol. terebinth, ibss. tend from the inferior part of the mons veneris ta
    Melt the cerate and stir in the oil. Ph. L.) to the perinæum. They unite anteriorly and
    A stimulant ; applied to burns , &c . posteriorly, forming commissures ; the posterior
    LINIMENTUM VOLATILE, L. ammoniæ carbo- of which is called Fourchette. Their outer sur
    natis . face is convex ; formed of skin and covered Luk
    LINNÆ'A BOREA'LIS . This plant, called with hair. The inner surface is red and covered colo
    aſter Linnæus, has a bitter , subastringent taste ; by a mucous membrane, continuous with that
    and is used , in some places , in the form of fo- lining the other parts of the vulva.
    mentation , in rheumatic pains . An infusion The space between the skin and mucous
    in milk is used in Switzerland for the cure of membrane is filled with a fatty tissue and
    sciatica. | fibrous bands, some fibres of the constrictor
    LINOSPERMUM . See Linum usitatissi- vaginæ muscle , vessels, and nerves. those

    mum . We speak , also, of the lips of a wound, ulcer, ਪੈe.


    LINSEED . See Linum usitatissimum . & c., when alluding to the edges of these solu L
    LINT, Carbasus. tions of continuity. LI
    LINTEAMEN , Linteum , Pledget. LIPA , auta, fat ; also, Lippitudo,( q. v .)
    LIP'ARA, from an apos, ' fatty ,' and ana, espre
    LINTEUM , Lintea'men , Oth'onē, Othonion , " fat .' Plasters, containing much oil or fat.
    Xystos, Achne. A soft, flocculent substance, LIPARIA . See Polysarca.
    made by scraping old linen cloth ; and em- LIPAROLÉ, Pomatum . ber
    ployed in surgery as a dressing to wounds , LIPEMANIA, Melancholy , see Lypemania.
    ulcers, &c . , either simply or covered with oint- LIPAROCE'LE, Lipocele, from a napos , fat La
    inent . ty ,' and unan, ' tumour. ' A Lipo'ma, or fatty
    LINTEUM CARPTUM , Carbasus. tumour of the scrotum. Com
    LINUM CATHARTICUM , L. minimum , LIPO OR LEIPO , NELłw , ' I leave,' ' I forsake .'
    Chameli'num , Purging flax, or Mill mountain, Hence , Leipopsychia, Leipothymiu .
    ( F.) Lin purgatif. This plant is possessed of ca- LIPOCELÉ , Liparocele.
    thartic properties, and has a bitterish, disagree. LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos. Uur
    able taste . Dose, gj in substance. LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma , from airros, “ fat,' 2
    LIPOMERIA 415 LIQUOR

    fatty tumour. A fatty tumour, of an encysted Liquor AMMO'NIÆ , Liq.ammoniæ puræ, Al


    or other character. ammoniacum
    cali fluidum , Ammonia liquida, A.
    LIPOME'RIA , Leipome'ria , from 2017w, I caus'tica liquida , A.pura liquida, Lixid'ium am
    leave,'and uspos, -a part.' Monstrosity from arrest moniaca'lē, Spiritus salis ammoniaci aquo'sus,
    of development, or from defect. Deficiency of Aqua ammonia , Aqua ammoniæ causticæ , Liquid
    one or more of the parts of the body ; for ex- ainmonia ,Solution of ammonia . (F.) Ammoniaque
    ample , where a person has only four fingers. liquide. (Muriat. calc. Z viii , calc . dio. recent.
    LIPOS , Pinguedo. 3 vj, aquæ biv . Pour on the lime a pint of the
    LIPOTHYMIA , Syncope . water ; cover the vessel and set it by for an
    LIPPA , Chassié. hour. Add the muriate of ammonia and the re
    LIPPIA , Adali . maining water, previously made boiling hot, and
    LIPPITU'DO, Ophthalmia chron'ica of some. cover the vessel again . Strain the liquor when
    Lippitude, Blear eye, Lappa, Lipa, Xerophthal -it has cooled , and distil 12 ounces. S. G..936 .
    mia, Lema , Lemē, Glama, Gramia. A copious Ph . L.) It is a stimulant, antacid, and rube
    secretion of the sebaceous humour of the eye- facient . Dose , gtt. x to xx , in water or milk .
    lids, which renders them gummy . It is a state of Liquor AMMONIÆ ACETA'TIS, Alcali ammo.
    chronic inflammation of the tarsal margins ; the niacum aceta'tum , Alcali volatile acetatum , Aqua
    eyelids being generally red , tumefied, and pain. acetatis ammonia , Solution of acetate of ammonia,
    ful.
    Aqua ammonia acetatæ , Ace'tas ammonie, Spirit
    LIPPUS, Chassieur. of Mindere'rus, Sal ammoniacum vegetabile,
    LIQUAMU'MIA, Adeps huma'nus. Human Spiritus ophthalmicus Mindere'ri, Sal aceto'sus
    fat.-- Ruland and Johnson . ammoniaca'lis. ( Ammon. carbon . 3 ij, acid .
    LIQUATIO , Liquefaction . acet. Ibiv , or add the salt till the acid is saturated.
    LIQUETACTION, Liqua'lio, Liquefac'tio ; Ph. L.) A sudorific : externally, cooling. Dose,
    from liquefac''ere, ' to cause to melt. Trans- zij to Ziss .
    formation of a solid substance into a liquid . It Liquor AMMONIÆ SUBCARBONA'tis , Solu'tio
    is used particularly in speaking of metals and subcarbonatis ammoniæ, Aqua carbonatis am
    fatty bodies. moniæ, Solution of subcarbonate of ammonia.
    LIQUEUR D'ALUMINE COMPOSÉE, Li- | (Ammoniæ carbon. zviij, aquæ distillat. 1b j.
    quor aluminis compos. - l. Arsénicale, Liquor Dissolve and filter through paper.) Use ;-the
    arsenicalis— . Fumante de Boyle, Ammoniæ same as that of the carbonate of ammonia,
    sulphuretum --1. Fumante de Boyle, Liquor fu- | (9 v.)
    mans Boylii--1. Volatile de corne de cerf,Liquor LIQUOR AMMONI HYDROTHIODIS, Ammoniæ
    volatilis cornu cervi-- l. de Cuivre ammoniacal, sulphuretum - 1. ex Ammoniâ et oleo succini,
    Liquor cupri ammoniati-- . de Fer alcaline, Li. Spiritus ammoniæ succinatus.
    quor ferri alkalini - l. de Sousacetate de plomb , LIQUOR AMNJI, Aqua amnii. The liquor of
    Liquor plumbi subacetatis-- . de Potasse, Li- the amnios. ( F.) Eaux de l'amnios. The fluid
    quor potassæ ~ . de Souscarbonate de potasse, exhaled by the amnios,and which envelops the
    Liquor potassæ subcarbonatis. fætus during the whole period of the utero
    LIQUIDAMBAR OFFICINALIS. See gestation . It is often simply called , the waters,
    Styrax. ( F. ) Les Eaur. Its relative quantity diminishes
    LIQUIDAM'BAR STYRACIF'LUA , Liquidam'bra, as pregnancy advances , although its absolute
    Sweet gum . The name of the tree which affords quantity continues to increase till the period of
    the Liquid amber and Storax liquida, Styrar li. delivery . In soine women, only five or six
    quida or Liquid storaz. ounces are met with ; in others it amounts to
    Liquid amber is a resinous juice of a yellow pints. It is limpid, yellowish , or whitish, ex .
    colour, inclining to red ; at first of about the hales a faint smell, and has a slightly saline
    consistence of turpentine ; by age, hardening taste. It contains water in considerable quan
    into a solid, brittle mass. It is not used medi- tity ; albumen ; muriate of soda ; phosphate of
    cinally. lime ; an alkaline substance ; and a particular
    The StyraX LIQUIDA is obtained from this acid . It facilitates the dilatation of the uterus,
    plant by boiling . There are two sorts :—one and aids delivery by acting as a soft wedge en
    more pure than the other. It is used, occasion . closed in its membranes, & c . It is probably
    ally , as a stomachic, in the form of plaster. inservient to useful purposes in the nutrition of
    LIQUIDUM NERVEUM , Nervous fluid. the fætus.
    LIQUOR, Hygron , Hygrotes. (F.) Liqueur, LIQUOR, ANODYNE, HOFFMANN's, Spiritus
    A name given to many compound liquids, and ætheris sulphurici compositus — 1. Anodynus
    especially to those the bases of which are water martialis , Alcohol sulphuricn -æthereus ferri.
    and alcohol. LIQUOR ARSENICA'LIS , Solu'tio arsenicalis , S.
    LIQUOR ACIDUS HALLERI , Elixir acidum Hal- arsenica'ta , S. arseni'tis kalice, Arsen'ical solu
    leri - 1. Æthereus, Ether-1. Æthereus sulphuri. tion , Min'eral solvent, Ar'senis potas' sa liquidus,
    cus , Spiritus ætheris sulphurici . Ar'senis potassæ aquo'sus, Fowler's solution of
    Liquor ALU’MINIS Compos'itus, Aqua alu- arsenic, Solvens mineralē, Italian poison , Aqua
    minis composita, Aqua alumino'sa Batea'na,tofa'na, (?) . Aqua toffa'niá, Acqua della toffana,
    Compound solu'tion of alum. (F.) Liqueur d'al. Acqua di Napoli, Acquet'ta, Tasteless ague drop .
    umine composée. (Aluminis, zinci sulphat.,sing. (F.) Liqueur arse'nicale. (Arsenic. oxyd. prap.
    3 ss, aqua fervent. ib ij. Dissolve and filter in pulverem subtilem triti, potassæ subcarbonatis,
    through paper.) Detergent and stimulant. sing. gr. lxiv, aqua distillat. Ibj. Boil together
    Used as acollyrium , when properly diluted, in in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dissolved.
    ophthalmia ; as an injection in gleet, and leucor. When the solution is cold, add Sp. lavand .c.
    nha, &c . ziv, and as much distilled water as will make
    LIQUOR 416 LIQUOR
    the whole one pint. Ph. L. f. 3 ) , contains gr. 120 p ., acid nitr. (33° ) 150 p. Dissolve and add
    ss. of the oxyd of arsenic. Dose , gtt . v, gradu- to the solution , distilled water, 900 p. Ph. P.)
    ally increased to gtt. XX. Dose, two or three drops in a glass of water.
    Liquor Bellosti, L. hydrargyri nitrici. Not much used ,
    LIQUOR Calcis, Solu'tio calcis, Aqua calcis, LIQUOR HYDRAR'GYRI OXYMURIA'TIS, Solu '.
    Aqua benedic'ta , Calca'ria pura liquida,Aqua tion of Ozymuriate of Mercury, Liquor Swiete
    calcariæ usta , Solution of lime, Lime Water. nis, L. Syphiliticus Turneri, Mu'rias hydrargyri 2
    (F.) Eau de chaux. (Calcis Ib ss , aq. destill. fer: spirituosus liquidus, Solutio Muria'tis hydrar'.
    dent. Ib xij. Pour the water on the limeand gyri oxygenati, S. of Corrosive Sublimate,Liquor
    stir. Let it stand in a covered vessel three or Solution of Van Swieten . ( Hyd. oxym . gr. viij,
    hours ; bottle the lime and water in stopped aquæ destill.Zxv , sp. rect. Zj. Dissolve in the
    bottles, and use theclear solution. It is astrin. water, and add the spirit. Ph. L.) Dose, 3ss.
    gent, tonic , and antacid ; and is used in diar. or 3j.
    rhæa, diabetes, heartburn, &c. and as a lotion Green's Drops , and Solomon's Anti-In
    to foul and cancerous ulcers, &c. Dose , 3 ij to PETIG''Enes - both nostrums -- seem to be solu
    Ib ss, in milk. tions of Corrosive Sublimate.
    Liquor Calcis Compos'itus , Aqua calcis com- LIQUOR LITHARGYRI SUBACETATIS – L. plumbi
    pos'ita , Compound lime water , Aqua benedicta subacetatis– ). Lithargyri subacetatis composi
    compos'ita. (F.) Eau de chauz composé. (Lign. tus, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
    guaiac. ras. Ib ss. rad. glycyrrh. 3j ; cort. sassa- LIQUOR OF Monro , Solution of Monro. A
    fras, 3 ss, semin. coriand. z ij,liquor. calcis fb vj. solution used by Monro for the preservation of է
    Macerate for 2 days and filter.) It is stimulant, anatomical preparations. It is composed of al
    diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in cu- cohol at 220 or 24 °, with a drachm of nitric
    taneous affections. acid to each pint.
    LIQUOR Calcis MURIATIs, see Calcis murias LIQUOR MORPHINE ACETA'tis , Solution of
    -1. Cereris, Cerevisia. Acetate of Morphine, An'odyne Drops, ( Acetateof
    LIQUOR CUPRI AMMONIA'TI, Aqua cupri am- morphine gr. xvj, distilled water 3vj,dilute acetic
    monid'ti, Aqua supphari'na, Blue eyewater, So- acid zij.) Dose , from six to twenty -four drops.
    lution of ammoniated copper . (F.) Liqueur ou LIQUOR NERVINUS BANGII , Tinctura ætherea 6
    eau de cuivre ammoniacal. (Cupri ammoniat. comphorata - 1. Oleosus Sylvii, Spiritus am
    3j , aquæ destill. ibj. Dissolve and filter the so- moniæ aromaticus - 1. Opii sedativus, Haden's,
    lution through paper. Ph. L. ) Corrosive and see Tinctura opii.
    detergent. Used externally to foul ulcers ; and , Liquor Opui Sedati'vus . An empirical pre
    diluted with an equal part of distilled water , it paration by a London druggist, of the name of
    is applied by means of a hair pencil to specks Battley. It is presumed to be a solution of
    and films on the eye . acetate of morphine, or of opium , in some form 03
    LIQUOR CUPRI Sulpha'tis Compos'tus, Aqua in vinegar. It is devoid ofmany of the narcotic
    cupri vitrioldti composita. ( Cupri sulphat., effects of opium . h
    alumin. sulphat. aa 3 iij, aquæ puræ ib ij, acid. Liquor Ovi ALBUS , Albumen ovi-1. Pan
    sulph. 3 ij. Boil the salts in the water until creaticus, see Pancreas - 1. Plumbi acetatis, L.
    they are dissolved ; then filter the liquor, and P. subacetatis . 는
    add the acid .) Used as an astringent in epis- LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETA'TIS , Liquor Sub
    taxis, & c . It was also called Aqua styptica . aceta'tis Lithargyri, Solu'tion of Subacetate of
    LIQUOR CYRENIACUS , Benjamin - 1. Excitans, Lead, Liquor Plumbi Aceta'tis, Goulard's Ex
    Spiritus Ammoniæ succinatus. tractum " Saturni, Lithar gyri Acclum , (F.) TE
    Liquor FERRI ALKALINI , Solution of Alkaline Liqueur de sousacétate de Plomb. ( Plumbi oxyd.
    Iron , (F.) Liqueur de fer alcaline. ( Ferri ziiss. semiditr. Ibij, acid , acetic, congium . Mix and
    acid. nitric. Žij,aquæ destillat. z. vj , liq. potass. boil down to tbvj,constantly stirring ; then filter,
    subcarb. 3 vj. To the acid and water mixed, after the feculence has subsided. Ph. L.) It is
    add the iron ; and, after the effervescence, add used externally as a cooling astringent, and dis
    the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. potasse cutient, when diluted with distilled water.
    subcarb .; shaking it occasionally till it assumes LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETA'Tis Dilu'TUS, Li
    a deep brown-red colour, and the effervescence quor Subaceta'tis Lithar'gyriCompositus,Aqua
    stops . After six hours' settling, pour off the Satur'ni, Acetas Plumbi dilr'tum alcohol'icum ,
    clear solution . Ph. L.) . It is tonic, like other Diluted Solu'tion of Subac''etate of Lead, Aqua
    preparations of iron . Dose 3 ssto ziss. veg''eto-minera'lis , Tinctu'ra plumbo'sa , Aqua
    Liquor Fumans Borlii, Sulphure'tum Ammo- Lithargyri Aceta'ti composita , Liquor Plumbi
    nia Hydrogena'tum , Hydrosulphurdtum Am- Aceta'tis dilu'tus , White Wash, Royal Preven'
    moniæ , Tinctu'ru Sulphuris Volatilis, Aqua tive. (Liq. plumbi subacet. 3 ), aquæ destillat.
    Sulphure'ti Ammoniæ , - Boyle's Fuming liquor, lbj , spirit. tenuioris 3j . ) Properties the same
    (F.) Liqueur fumante de Boyle. It is possessed as the last, but feebler.
    of nauseating and emetic properties, and has Liquor Potas'sx , Aqua Potas'sa , Aqua Kali
    been given in diabetes and diseases of excite. Cau'stici, Solution of Potash, Liridium magis
    ment as a disoxygenizer ! tra'le , L. Supona'rium , Soap Lees, Aqua Kali
    LIQUOR FUming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans puri , Soap Ley, Lirit'ium cau'sticum , Potas'sa
    Boylii - 1. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate ofliquida, ( F.) Eau, solution ou liqueur de Po
    -1. Genital, sperm - 1. of Hartshorn, volatile , tusse, Potasse liquide. (Potasse subcarb. lbj ,
    Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. calcis recent. lb ss, aqua destill. ferrent. congium .
    LIQUOR HYDRAR'GYRI Nutrici , L. Bellosti, Dissolve the alkali in Ibij of the water, and add
    Eau mercurielle, Eur contre la gangrène, Re- the remainder to the lime. Mix the whole :
    mède du Duc d'Antin, R. du Capucin, (Hydrarg. set aside in a close vessel , and , when cold,
    LIQUORICE 417 LIȚHOTOME

    filter through calico. Pk. L.). It is antilithic has been separated from it by Professor J. P.
    in cases of uric acid calculi , and antacid . Emmet of the University of Virginia, and has
    Externally, stimulant and escharotic. Dose, been called Liriodendrine. It is not used in
    gtt. x to xx. medicine.
    LIQUOR PotassÆ HYDRIODAʼtis, Solution of LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum - l. Aspho
    Hydriodute of Putuss. (Potassæ hydriod. 36 gr., dèle, Asphodelus ramosus.
    aqua destillat. 3j .) Dose , git. xx, three times LISERON , GRAND, Convolvulus sepium
    a day . l des Huies, Convolvulus se pium .
    Liquor PotassÆ SUBCARBONA'Tis, Aqua Sub- LITE, ditn . A plaster, formerly used, made
    carbonatisKali, O'leum Tur'tari per deliq'uium , of verdigris, wax, and resin .-Galen.
    Aqua Kuli, Liridium Tartari, Aqua Kuli præ- LITHAGOʻGUS, from 21905 , ' a stone , ' and
    para'ti, Oil of Turtar, Saline Oil of Tartar, So- ayw, I expel .' A remedy, which was sup.
    lu'tion of Subcar'bonute of Potuss , ( F.) Liqueur posed to possess the power of expelling calculi .
    de sous-carbonate de Potasse , Lessive de Turtre . LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum
    ( Polass. subcarb. ibj, aquæ destillat. zxij. Dis - 1. of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum
    solve and filter through paper . ) Dose, gtt. x to - 1.of Silver, see Piumbioxydum semivitreum .
    XXX . LITHARGYRI ACETUM , Liquor plumbi
    LIQUOR, PROPAGATORY , Sperm . subacetatis.
    LIQUOR SANG'uinis. This term has been LITHARGYROS, Plumbi oxydum semivi
    given by Dr. Babington to one of the constitu- treum .
    ents of the blood , the other being the red par. LITH'IA , Lithi'asis, Uri'asis ( ), Urolithi'.
    ticles. He considers, from his experiments, asis, Cacher'ia calculo'sa , Calculi Morbus,from
    that fibrine and serum do not exist as such in 21905 , ' a stone .' The formation of stone or
    circulating blood , but that the Liquor Sangui: gravel in the human body. Also, an affection
    nis - the Plasma, of Schultz - when removed in which the eyelids are edged with small,
    from the circulation and no longer subjected to hard , and stone- like concretions.
    the laws of life, has then , and not before, the Lithia RENALIS ARENOSA , Gravel - 1. Vesi
    property of separating into fibrine and serum . calis, Calculi, vesical.
    It is the Liquor Sanguinis, after the red par- LITHIASIS, Lithia – 1. Cystica, Calculi, ve
    ticles have subsided, which forms the buffy sical — 1. Nephretica,Gravel - 1.Renalis, Gravel
    coat of inflammatory blood . -1 . Vesicalis , Calculi , vesical .
    LIQUOR Sem'inis. The homogeneous, trans- LITHIC , Lith'icus. Same etymon. Belong
    parent fluid , in which the spermatozoa and ing to lithic or uric acid , or to stone : hence
    seminal granules are suspended.— Wagner. Lithic Diathesis : the habit of body which fa
    LIQUOR SULPHURICUS ALCOOLISATUS, Spiritus vours the deposition of lithic acid and the li
    ætheris sulphurici - 1. Swietenis, L. hydrargyri thates from the urine.
    oxymuriatis --1 . Syphiliticus Turneri, L. hy . LITHOLABON , Forceps, ( Lithotomy.),
    drargyri oxymuriatis-1. of Van Swieten, L. LITHOL'ABUM , from aigos, ' a stone, ' and
    bydrargyri oxymuriatis. daußarw , ' I seize .' An instrument for extract.
    LIQUOR VOLAT'ilis Cornu CERVI , L. volať. ing stone from the bladder. It had various
    ilis Cornu Cerdi'ni, Volatile Liquor of Harts- shapes.- Fabricius ab Aquapendente , Hildanus.
    horn, Spiritus Lumbrico'rum , Spiritus Mille- LITHONTRIP'TIC , L thontrip'licus, Lithon .
    peda'rum , Hurtshorn, Spiritof Hartshorn, Spir'- thryp'tic, Calculif'ragus, Saxifragus, from 11906,
    ilus Cornu Cervi, Liquor volatilis os'sium ; " a stone ,' and 70 80 , ' I bruise , I break .' A
    Bone Spirit, ( F.) Liqueur volatile de Corne de remedy, believed to be capable of dissolving
    cerf. This is a solution of subcarbonate of calculí in the urinary passages. There is not
    ammonia, impregnated with empyreumatic oil . much reliance to be placed upon such reme
    It possesses the same virtues as the subcarbo. dies. By antilithics, exhibited according to the
    nate of ammonia . It is in common use to smell chemical character of the calculus (see Calculi
    at, in faintings , &c . Urinary ,) the disease may be prevented from
    LIQUOR VOLATilis Ossium-L . volatilis cornu increasing ; but most of the vaunted lithontrip
    cervi . tics , for dissolving the calculus already form
    Liquor Zinci Sulpha'tis cum CAMPHORA , ed, have been found unworthy of the high en.
    Aqua Zinci vitriolu'ti cum Camphorâ, Aqua vil. comiums which have accompanied their intro
    riol'ica camphorn'ta, Aqua ophthal'mica , Com- duction .
    mon Eye Wuter. (Zinci sulph: zss , cumphor zij , LITHOPÆ'DION, Infans lapide'us, Osteo
    aq. bullient. Ibij; dissolve and filter.) Used as pa dion , from 21905, a stone, and rais, a
    a lotion for ulcers ; or , diluted with water, as a child .' ' A fætus, petrified in the body of the
    collyrium . mother.
    LIQUORICE , Glycyrrhiza - 1. Juice, see LITHOS , Calculus .
    Glycyrrhiza - 1. refined, Extractum glycyrrhizæ LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA’LĒ, Mil'.
    -1. Spanish , see Glycyrrhiza. ium Solis, Gromwell, Ægon'ychon, Bastard Al.
    LIQUORITIA , Glycyrrhiza. kanet, ( F.) Gremil officinal, Herbe aur Perles.
    LIRIODENDRON, Liriodendron tulipifera , The seeds of this plant were formerly sup
    Tulip Tree, Poplar Tree, Tulip -bearing Poplar, posed, froin their stony hardness, to be effica
    American Poplar, White Wood , Cypress Tree, cious in calculous affections. They have , also,
    ( New England .) ( F. ) Tulipier. The bark— been considered diuretic.
    especially of the root - of this noble forest tree, LITHOSPERMUM VILLOSUM , Anchusa tinctoria.
    which is indigenous in the United States, is a LITHOTOME , Lithotomus, from 1190s, &
    strong aromatic bitter, and has been employed stone,' and teur , I cut.' This name has
    advantageously as a tonic. Its active principle been given to a number of instruments, of dif
    53
    LITHOTOMIST 418 LITHOTOMY

    ferent shapes and sizes, which are used in the Frère Côme revived it. It is used when the
    operation for the stone, to cut the neck or body calculus is very large . Jt was practised by
    oi the bladder. They ought, with more propriety, opening first themembranouspart of the urethra
    to be called Cystotomes . upon a catheter passed into the canal. Through
    The LITHOTOME Caché of Frère Côme is this incision , the Sonde à dard-a species of
    the most known , and is still occasionally used . catheter, having a spear- pointed stilet - was in
    It is composed of a handle, and of a flattened troduced into the bladder. An incision was
    sheath, slightly curved ; in this there is a cut- then made in the linea alba, above the symphysis
    Aing blade, which can be forced out by pressing pubis , of about four or five fingers 'breadth, and
    upon a bascule or lever, to any extent that may the peritoneum detached to avoid wounding it.
    be wished by the operator . The stilet was pushed through the bladder, and
    A DOUBLE Lithotome was used by Dupuy used as a director for the knife, with which the
    tren in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. bladder was divided anteriorly, as far as the
    LITHOT'OMIST." Same etymon. Lithot'. neck ; and the stone extracted .
    omus. One, who de votes himself entirely to It was performed in England by Douglas, in
    operating for the stone. One who practises 1719, and since by others with various modifi.
    lithotomy. cations.
    LITÉOT'OMY, Lithoto’mia , Cystoto'mia , 4. The Lateral Operation , Cystoto'mia latera'
    Urolithoto'mia , Sectio resica'lis , same etymon . lis , Sec'tio latera'lis, Appara'tus latera'lis, ( F. )
    (F.) Taille. The operation by which a stone Appareil lateralisé, so named from the prostate
    is extracted from the bladder . The different gland and neck of the bladder being cut late
    methods, according to which this operation rally, was probably invented by Peter Franco.
    may be practised, are reducible to five princi . It was introduced into France by Frère Jacques
    pal; each of which has experienced numerous de Beaulieu. He performed it with rude instru
    modifications. ments , invented by himself, and improved by the
    1. The Method of Celsus,Meth'odus Celsia'na, suggestions of some of the Parisian surgeons.
    Cystoto'mia cum appara'tû parro, Appara'tus In England, it received its earliest and most
    Minor , Cutting on the Gripe. This consisted important improvements from the celebrated
    in cutting upon the stone, after having made it Cheselden. It is the method practised at the
    project at the perinæum by means of the fin. present day, according to different modes of
    gers introduced into the rectum . This method procedure. In this method,the patientis placed
    was attended with several inconveniences; upon a table ; his legs and thighs are bent and
    such as the difficulty of dividing the parts separated ; the hands being tied to the feet.
    neatly , injury done to the bladder , as well as The perinæum is then shaved, and a staff is in .
    the impossibility of drawing down the stone in troduced into the bladder ; the handle being
    many persons. It is sometimes, also, called the turned towards the right groin of the patient.
    Meth'odus Guytonid na ; from Guy de Chauliac An oblique incision is now made from the
    having endeavoured to remove from it the dis- raphe to the middle of a line drawn from the
    credit into which it had fallen in his time. It anus to the tuberosity of the ischium of the left
    was terined the Apparatus Minor , ( F.) Le petit side ; and , taking the staff for a guide, the in
    appareil, from the small number of instruments teguments, cellular tissue of the perinæum ,
    required in it. membranous portion of the urethra , trans
    2. Apparatus Major. This method was in. versus perinæi muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some
    vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon fibres of the levator ani , the prostate and neck 1
    of Cremona, and communicated by him to Ma- of the bladder, are successively divided . For
    riano Santo-di- Barletta, whence it was long this latter part of the operation, the knife, the
    called Mariano's Melhod - Sectio Maria'na. It beaked bistoury, Bistouri ou Lithotome Caché ,
    was called the Apparatus Major, and Cysto- cutting gorget, & c. are used, according to the
    tom'ia vel Methodus cum appara'tû magno, (F.) particular procedure. The forceps is now in
    Le grand appareil, from the number of instru- troduced into the bladder, and the stone ex.
    ments required in it. tracted .
    An incision was made on the median line ; In the operation , care must be taken not to
    but the neck of the bladder was not compre- injure the rectum , or the great arterial vessels,
    hended in it. It was merely dilated . distributed to the perinæum .
    The greater apparatus was liable to many A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by
    inconveniences, such as ecchymoses; contu- the French Appareil latéral, consisted in cutting
    sion ; inflammation of the neck of the bladder ; into the bas - fond of the bladder without touching
    abscesses ; urinary fistulæ ; incontinence of the neck of that organ : but it was soon aban
    urine ; impotence, & c . doned on account of its inconveniences.
    3. The High Operation , Apparatus altus, The Bilateral Operation is founded on that of
    Cystotom'ia cum appara'tû alto, C. hypogas'tri. Celsus . It consists in making an incision pos.
    ca, Epicystotom'ia , Laparocystotom'ia ,Sectio seu terior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to
    Meth'odus Franconiana, s Hypogus'trica, s. the anus, involving both sides of the perinæum
    alta, ( F.) Haut appareil, Taille Hypogastrique, by crossing the raphe at right angles : an in
    Taille sus.pubienne, was first practised by Péter cision is then made through the membranous
    Franco, about the middle of the 16th century . part of the urethra , and the prostate may be cut
    It consisted in pushing the stone above the bilaterally, either by the “ double lithotome” of
    pubis by the fingers introduced into the rec. Dupuytren , or by the “ Prostatic Bisector” of
    tum . Rousset afterwards proposed to make Dr. Sievens, of New York .
    the bladder rise above the pubis by injecting it. 5. Lithotomy by the Rectum , Proctocystotom'ia ,
    The method had fallen into discredit, when ( F. ) Taille par la Rectum, Taille postérieurs, T.
    LITHOTRIPTORS 419 LIXIVIAL

    Recto -vésicale. This was proposed by Vegetius deine cave inférieure, situate at the posterior
    in the 16th century ; but was never noticed margin of the organ, and lodging the vena cava
    until M. Sanson, in the year 1817, attracted at- inferior. 4. The Lobulus Spige'lii, (q. v.) or
    tention to it ; since which time it has been suc- posterior portal eminence . 5. The anterior por
    cessfully performed in many instances. It con- tal eminence, Auri'ga vel Lobulus anon'ymus,
    sists in penetrating the bladder through the (q. v . ) 6. Depressions corresponding to the
    paries corresponding with the rectum , by first upper surface of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch
    cutting the sphincter ani and rectum about the of the colon, right kidney, &c. Continued
    root of the penis, and penetrating the bladder from the fossa umbilicalis , is a small fossa,
    by the neck of that organ, dividing the prostate ; called Fossa Ductûs Veno'si, between the left
    or by its bas-fond. lobe and Lobulus Spigelii .
    Lithotomy, in women , from the shortness of The posterior margin of the liver is very
    the urethra , is a comparatively insignificant thick ; much more so than the anterior. The
    operation. liver is surrounded by a serous or peritoneal
    LITHOTRIPTORS. See Lithotrity. covering, which forms for it a suspensory or
    LITHOTRITES. See Lithotrity . broad ligament, and two lateral and triangular
    LITHOTRITEURS . See Lithotrity. ligaments. See Fals . The blood - vessels of the
    LITHOT'RITY, Lithotri'tia, Lithotrypsy, liver are very numerous. The hepatic artery
    Lithotripsy, from it goş, ' a stone,' and roußw, 1 and vena porta furnish it with the blood neces
    break .” The operation of breaking or bruising sary for its nutrition and the secretion of bile .
    the stone in the bladder. It has been performed , The hepatic veins convey away the blood,
    of late years, with success , by French , and, after which has served those purposes . The lym
    them, by English and American surgeons . The phatic vessels are very numerous; some being
    instruments employed forthis purpose are called superficial; others deep - seated . The nerves
    in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotrilcurs, and are, also, numerous, and proceed from the
    Lithotriptors. The most celebrated are those pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from the
    of Civiale , Jacobson , Heurteloupand Weiss. See hepatic plexuses.
    Brise Pierre articulé and Percuteur à Marteau . The intimate structure of the parenchyma of
    LITHOTRYPSY, Lithotrity . the liver is not understood. When cut, it pre
    LITHOXIDU’RIA , from 2180s, ' a stone,' sents a porous appearance, owing to the divi
    oxide, and oppor, urine. The discharge of sion of a multitude of small vessels. When
    urine containing the lithic or xanthic oxide. torn , it seems formed of granulations;—the in
    LITHURIA . See Urine. timate structure of which has given rise to
    LITMUS, Lichen roccella . many hypotheses. In these granulations are
    LITRA , Pound . contained the radicles of the excretory ducts of
    LITRE , Litra. A measure containing a cubed the bile ; the union of which constitutes the
    decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 hepatic duct.
    pints. The ancients gave the name litra , The liver is the only organ , which, inde
    detoa , to a measure capable of containing 16 pendently of the red blood carried to it by the
    ounces of liquid . hepatic artery, receives black blood by the vena
    LITUS , Liniment. porta . The general opinion is, that the vena
    LIVÉCHE, Ligusticum levisticum . porta is the Huid which furnislies bile, whilst
    LIVER , Sax . liper, Hepar, Jecur. ( F. ) Foie . that of the artery affords blood for the nutrition
    The liver is the largest gland in the body. It of the liver. It is, probable , however, that bile
    is an azygous organ ; unsymmetrical; very is secreted by the latter vessel.
    heavy ; and of a brownish -red colour; occu- The liver is liable to a number of diseases .
    pying the whole of the right hypochondrium, The principal are --Hepali'tis, ( q. v. ) or inflam .
    and a part of the epigastrium . Above, it corres- mation ,-cancer, biliary calculi , encysted and
    ponds to the diaphragm ; below , to the stomach,other tumours or tubercles, hydutids, &c. , and it
    transverse colon, and right kidney ; behind, to has, at times, been the fashion to refer to it as
    the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava ; the cause of symptoms, with which it is in no
    and before, to the base of the chest. Its upper wise connected.
    surface is convex ; the lower, irregularly con- LIVER, Hopar. Under this name the ancients
    vex and concave, so that anatomists have di- designated several substances, having a brown
    vided the liver into three lobes,-a large or right ish colour, analogous to that of the liver ; and
    or colic lobe ;—a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior composed of sulphur and some other body. See
    lobe, the Lobulus Spigelii, ( q. v .) -- and a middle Potassæ Sulphuretum or Liver of Sulphur.
    or left lobe . The Liter of Antimony is the semi- vitreous
    At its inferior surface, are observed ; -1 . A sulphuret, & c .
    Sulcus or Furrow , or Fissure, called horizontal Liver Spot, Chloasma – 1. Wort , Hepatica
    or longitudinal,great fissure ,Fossa Umbilica'lis, triloba, Marchantia polymorpha - 1. Wort ,
    (F.) Sillon horizontal, longitudinal, S.de la reine ground, ash-coloured ,Lichen caninus - 1.Wort,
    ombilicale, Sulcus antero-posterior Jec'oris, s. Iceland, Lichen Islandicus .
    horizonta'lis Jec'oris, . longitudina'lis Jecoris , LIVRE, Pound.
    S. sinister Jecoris, S. Umbilica'lis, which lodges LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA , Potassæ tar
    in the fætus , the umbilical vein and ductus tras-1. Vitriolata, Potassæ sulphas— . Vitrio
    venosus . 2. The Principal Fissure, termed lata sulphurea, Potassæ sulphas cum sulphure.
    Sulcus Transver'sus vel Sinus Porta 'rum , (F.) LIXIVIÆ SEU KALICUM ACETAS, Po
    Sillon transversal ou de la reine porte, which re tasse acetas.
    ceives the sinus of the vena porta. 3. The LIXIV'IAL, Lirivio'sus ; from liridium ,
    Fissure of the Vena Cara inferior, Sillon de la · lee . ' (F.) Liritiel, Lixivicut. An ancient
    LIXIVIATION 420 LOCOMOTION

    term for salts, obtained by washing vegetable | nymus a bridge runs across the passage for the
    ashes,-such as the fixed alkalies . round ligament. It is called Pons vel Isthmus
    LIXIVIATION, Elirivia'tion, Liririatio, hep'alis .
    same etymon. An operation , which consists in LOBULUS CAUDA'TUS , Proces'sus caudatus.
    washing ashes with water, so as to dissolve the This is merely the root or one of the angles of
    soluble parts. The filtered liquor is the lee. the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards the
    LIXIVIUM , Lixit'ia , Conia , Lee , Ley , ( F. ) middle of the lower side of the great lobe , and
    Lessive. Any solution containing potass or representing a kind of tail.
    soda in excess ; from lix , ‘ potash ,' ( q . v . ) LOBULUS POSTERIOR, L. Spigelii–1. Posticus
    LIXIVIUM AMMONTACALE , Liquor ammoniæ- papillatus, L. Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L. anony
    1. Ammoniacale aromaticum , Spiritus ammoniæ mus.
    aromaticus - 1. Causticum , Liquor potassæ - 1. LOBULUS SPIGE'lu , L. posterior, L.posti'cus
    Magistrale, Liquor potasse - 1. Saponarium, papilla'tus, ( F. ) Ém nence porte postérieure, Lo
    Liquor potasse - 1. Tartari , Liquor polassæ subbule, Petitlobe du foie, Lobe de Spigel, Lobe duo
    carbonatis . dénal, L pancréatique, is situate near the spine,
    LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacertus, Saura, Suuros, upon the left side of the great lobe of the liver ,
    (F.) Lézard. Lizardswere formerly employed and is of a pyramidal shape, projecting, like a
    in medicine as sudorifics; and were , at one nipple , between the cardia and vena cava, at
    time, extolled in syphilis, cutaneous affections, the smallcurvature of the stomach .
    and in cancer . LOCAL , Loca'lis, Topicus. Topical. (F.) Lo
    LOADSTONE , Magnet . cale, Topique. An affection is called local
    LOATHING , Disgust. Morbus Localis, - when confined to a part ,
    LOBARIA PULMONARIA , Lichen pulmo without implicating the general system ; or, at
    narius . all events , only secondarily. Locil is thus op
    LOBE , Lobus. A round, projecting part of posed to general . A locul or topical application
    an organ . The liver and the lungs have lobes. is one used externally . See Topical.
    The Lobe , or LOBULE OF THE Ear, is a soft, LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA , Purgamen'ta Puer .
    rounded prominence, which terminates the cir: pe'rii, Purga'tio, from suyos, a woman in
    cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and childbed.' (F.) Suites de couches, Vidanges.
    which is pierced in those who wear rings. The cleansings. A serous and sanguineous
    The under surface of the brain is divided discharge following delivery . During the first
    into two anterior , tio lateral, and two posterior two or three days , it is bloody , but alterwards
    lobes or processes. These Chaussier calls lo- becomes green -coloured and exhales a disa
    bules of the brain : the cerebral hemispheres he greeable and peculiar odour. The duration ,
    terms lobes. quantity and character of the discharge vary
    LOBE DUODENAL, Lobulus Spigelii --I. according to numerous circumstances.
    Pancréatique, Lobulus Spigelii — I. Pelit du foie,
    The lochial discharge flows from those ute.
    Lobulus Spigelii-.de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii . rine vessels , which formed a medium of com.
    LOBELIA INFLA'TA, Indian Tobacco , munication between the mother and fætus, and
    Emetic Weed , Lobelin . The prominent virtues of it continues until their mouths become obli
    this American plant are those of an emetic . In terated, which usually requires from 14 to 21
    smaller doses it is sedative , and has been given days . See Parturition .
    as a pectoral in croup , asthma, &c . It is, also , LOCHIODOCHIUM , Lochodochium . de
    sudorific and cathartic, and is an acro-narcotic LOCHIORRHAGIA , from Roxeld , and eg
    poison. Twenty grains act as an emetic. onyrude, I make an irruption .' An immode
    LOBELIA SYPHILIt'ICA , Blue Cardinal Flow rate Aow of the lochia.
    er , Ranun'culus Virginia'nus. The root of this LOCHIORRH @ ' A, from hoyeia, the lo.
    plant, which is indigenous in the United States, chia ,' and gew, ' I flow . The discharge of the ci
    is an emetic and drastic cathartic . It has been lochia .
    used against syphilis ; hence its name. The LOCHODOCHIUM , Lochiodochium , from
    mode of preparing it is to boil 358 of the dried 2070s, “ a female in childbed,' and dexouar, ' I de
    root in Itxij of water, until the fluid is reduced receive .' An institution for the reception of
    to ibviij. Dose, ibss . C
    pregnant and childbed females. A Lying -in.
    LOBES, OPTIC , Quadrigemina tubercula. hospital.
    LOB'ULE, Lol'ulus, diminutive of Lobus, a LOCHOS , Puerpera .
    little lobe. LOCI , Uterus - 1. Muliebres, Uterus.
    LOBULE DU FOIE, Lobulus Spigelii. LOCKED JAW , Trismus.
    LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOR
    QUADRATUS , L. anonymus. LOCOMOTILITY . See Locomotion .
    LOBULUS ANONYMUS, L. accesso'rius anterior LOCOMOʻTION, Locomo'tio, froin locus, ' a lo
    quadrutus, L. quadralus, (F.) Éminence porte place ,' and more're, to move. An action pecu .
    antérieure. This is situate in the liver between liar to animal bodies , by which they transport
    the passage for the round ligament and the their bodies from place to place. The faculty
    gall-bladder, and is less prominent but broader is sometimes called Locomotio'ity and Locomo
    than the Lobulus caudatus. From the lobulusano- tility.
    LOCOMOTIVITY 421 LONGUS COLLI

    TABLE OF THE APPARATUS OF LOCOMOTION.


    The brain :
    Cerebellum .
    Class I. a. Exciting ,
    ACTIVE Medulla spinalis .
    ORGANS. Nerves .

    b. Acting,
    5 1. By contraction The voltıntary muscles.
    The cartilages of prolongation.
    12.2. By elasticity . Certain elastic ligainents .
    Tendons .
    1. Transmitting the action . Aponeuroses of insertion .
    Periosteum .
    Enveloping aponeuroses.
    Concentrating
    2. the action .
    or directing ) Fibrous sheaths of tendons.
    Class II . Annular liga- y of the carpus.
    PASSIVE of tile tarsus.
    ments ,
    ORGANS . Long hones of the limbs .
    3. Obeying or resisting action . Flat bones of the cavities .
    Incrusting cartilares .
    4. Facilitating motion. articular,
    Synovial app. } of tendons.

    The Locomotion of an Artery is the movement The prolongation of existence to an advanced


    produced in a vessel with a curvature, by the age. Haller collected examples of more than
    centenarians. He had knowledge
    impulse of the blood sent from the heart , which one thousand
    tends to straighten the artery , and causes the of sixty - twopersons, aged from 110 to 120 years ;
    movement in question. of twenty -nine, from 120 to 130 years ; and of
    LOCOMOTIVITY. See Locomotion . fifteen , who had attained from 130 to 140 years.
    LOCUS NIGER CRURUM CEREBRI . Beyond this advanced age , examples of lon.
    See Peduncles of the brain . gevity are much more rare and less sufficiently
    LOCUST EATERS, Acridophagi - 1. Tree, attested .
    Robinia Pseudoacacia . The following list of instances of very ad
    LODOICEA . See Coco of the Maldives . vanced ages has been given :
    LOMOPYRA , Plague . Lived. Age.
    LEMOS , Plague. Appollonius of Tyana, A.D. 99 130
    LOGIATROS, Zoyarnos ; from hoyos, a St. Patrick, 491 122
    500 124
    word , ' and atoos ,
    6
    a physician . A physician Llywarch Hên, 500 150
    without experience . A theorist. St Cremgene, 618 120
    LOGOS,'Reason . Piastus, King of Poland , 861 -
    120
    1635 152
    LOGWOOD, Hæmatoxylon Campechianum . Henry ThomasJenkins,
    Parr, 1670 169
    LOGY, 2oyos, ' a description .' Á suffix de Countess of Desmond, 1612 145
    noting a treatise or description . Hence , An- Thomas Damme, 1618 154
    giology and Neurology, &c. Peter Torton , 1724 185
    Margaret Patten , 1739 137
    LOGOCH , Looch . John Rovin and wife , 1741 172 and 164
    LOIMOGʻRAPHY, Loimogra'phin , from St. Mongah or Kentigen , 1781 185
    201os, plague,' and yoapo , 1 describe. A
    description of the plague and pestilential dis- LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI , Lombo-dorso -tra
    eases .
    chélien , Portion costo trachélienne du sacro -spinat
    LOIMOS , Plague. (Ch.), Semi-spina'tus. ( F. ) Long dorsal, Long
    LOINS, Lumbi. du dos, is situate vertically at the posterior part
    LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triti- of the trunk and fills, in a great measure, the
    cum repens . vertebral furrows. It is thick and almost square
    LOMBAIRE , Lumbar. below ; thin and pointed above. It is attached
    LOMBO- ABDOMINAL, Transversalis ab. to the posterior surface of the sacrum , to the
    dominis-1 . Costal,Serratus posticus inferior - 1. transverse processes of all the lumbar and dor.
    Costo -trachélien , Sacro -lumbalism . Dorso-spi- sal vertebræ , and to the inferior margin of the
    nal , Transversalis dorsi - 1 . Dorso-trachélien , last 7 or 8 ribs. It maintains the vertebral col
    Longissimus dorsi - 1. Huméral, Latissimus umn in a straight position ; straightens it when
    dorsi- 1. Sucré , Lumbo -sacral. bent forwards, and can even carry it back . It
    LONCHITIS, Polypodium Filix mas. also assists in the rotatory motion of the trunk .
    LONG, Longus, Macros . That which is LONGISSIMUS FEmoris, Sartorius-1. Oculi,
    much greater in length than in breadth ; as the Obliquus superior oculi.
    long bunes. The epithet is, also , applied to LONG -SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
    several muscles, to distinguish them from others LONGUS COLLI, Pré -dorso -cervical, Pré
    of similar function , when the latter are shorter, dorso -atloïdien ( Ch . ) , ( F. ) Long du cou . This
    We say , for instance , long flexors, and long ex. muscle is situate at the anterior and superior
    tensors, in opposition to short flexors, and short part of the vertebral column. It is long, fiat,
    extensors. and broader at its middle than at its extremi.
    LONG DU COU, Longis colli—1. du Dos , ties , which are pointed . It is attached to the
    Longissimus dorsi. anterior surface of the bodies of the first three
    LONGÆVUS , Macrobiotic . dorsal and last six cervical vertebræ ; to the in.
    LONGANON , Rectum . tervertebral ligaments ; to the anterior edge of
    LONGAON , Rectum . the transvere processes of the last five cervical
    LONGAS , Rectum , vertebræ : and to the tubercle on the cnterior
    LONGEVITY, Longa'vilas, Macrobio'sis / arch of the first. This muscle bends the cervi .
    LONICERA PERICLYMENUM 422 LOZENGES BARK

    cal vertebræ upon each other and upon the dor- Repanda'tio, Repanditas. A name, given to
    sal vertebræ . ' If the upper portion acts on one curvatures of the bones in general ; and particu
    side only, it occasions the rotation of the atlas larly to that of the vertebral column forwards.
    on the vertebra dentata ; and, consequently, of See Hump.
    the head on the neck . LORIND MATRICIS, Epilep'sia uteri'na,
    LONICE'RA PERICLYM'ENUM , Pery. Convulsi'rus u'teri morbus. A barbarous name
    clim'enum , Cuprifo'lium , Common Woodbine . given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb.
    (F.). Chèvre-feuille. This common plant is LOT, Urine .
    slightly astringent and tonic, and was formerly LOTIO SAPONACEA . See Sapo.
    much used in gargles . LOTION, Lotio. (F.) Hydrolotif. A fluid
    LOOCH , Lohoch. Look. A linctus. See external application. Lotions are ordinarily
    Eclegma and Eclectos . applied by wetting linen in them and keeping
    Looch ABSQUE EMULSIO'NE PARA'TUM, Look it on the part affected.
    préparé sans émulsion . Looch prepared without Lotion , GowLand's. An empirical prepara
    emulsion, ( Pulo. g . lrag . gr. xvj to gr. xxx , ol. tion . (Bitter almonds, 3j , sugar, Zij, distilled
    amygd. dulc, zss, succhur. 3 ), aquæ ziij, aqua water, ibij. Grind together, strain and add cor
    flor. aurant. 3ij. M. by rubbing in a marble rosire sublimate, Dij, previously ground with
    mortar. ) Demulcent. sp . rini rect. 3ij.) Used in obstinate eruptions.
    Looch ALBUM , Looch amygdali'num , Linctus Lotion, HYDROCYAN'Ic, Lotio Ad''idi Hydro
    albus, L. amygdalinus, L. commu'nis, Ecleg'ma cyan'ici. (Hydrocyanic acid. f. ziv, rectified
    album , Eclegma gumimoso-oleosum , (F.) Looch spirit of wine, f. Žj , distilled water, f. zxss.) 1

    Llunc, L. b . amygdalin , L.b .pectoral. (Amygd . Used with much success in impetigo , & c.
    dulc. Zss, amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar.ulb. ziv. Lotion , Hannay's, Preven'tire wash . This
    Make an emulsion by gradually adding ziv of famous nostrum , for the prevention of venereal
    water. Then take pulo. tragacanth. gr. xvj, ol. infection , was nothing more than a solution of
    amygd. dulc. recent . zss., sacch . gij. Add the caustic potass .
    alinond milk gradually to this , and afterwards Lotion, STRUVE's, FOR THE HOOPING Cough.
    aq. flor. aurant. Zij . Ph. P. ) It is demulcent (Antim . tartar. 3j, aquæ 3ij. Add tinct. can
    and pectoral. iharid . 3j . )
    Looch AMYGDALINCM, L. album - l Blanc, L. LOTIUM , Urine. u
    album-1. cum Croco et pistaciis , L. viride-1 . LOTUS SYLVESTRIS , Trifolium melilotus
    of Egg, L. ex ovo . -1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana.
    Looch Ex Ovo, Looch of egg: (F.) Look d'auf, LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus .
    Looch rouge, Emulsion huileuse, Mixture cul- LOUCHES. See Strabismus.
    mante , Potion pectorale , Lait adoucissant , Potio LOUPE, Wеn .
    seu emulsio seu mistu'ra le'niens seu oleo'sa , LOUSE , Pediculus .
    Looch pectora'le le'niens. ( Vitell. ovi recent. Ess , LOUSINESS , Phtheiriasis .
    ol . amygd . dulc. Ziss, syrup. althæa, 3j . Rub LOUSY DISEASE , Phtheiriasis. L
    in a mortar, and add by degrees aq.flor. aurant. LOUTRON , Bath .
    3j , aq. papar . thæad. 3ij. Ph. P. ) Virtues the LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum .
    same as the preceding. LOVE, Eros, amor, from Sax . lucian , (G. )
    LOOCH ROUGE , L. ex ovo - l. Vert, L. lieben, “ to love.' (F.) Amour. ' A tender
    viride . and elevated feeling, which attracts one sex to
    Looch Viride , Look cum croce et pista'ciis, the other. Love is occasionally a cause of dis
    (F.) Looch vert. ( Syrup. I iolur. 3j , tinct . croci ease , especially of insanity.
    gtt, xx , aqua ziv . Mix, and add pistaciæ semin . Love APPLE Plant, Solanum lycopersicum . 2
    sicc. 3vj. Ph .P.) Virtues like the last. LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis.
    LOOK , Looch - l. d'Euf, Looch ex ovo-l . LOWER , Tu'bercle of, Tuber'culum Loweri. bi
    Préparé sans emulsion, Looch absque emulsione Anatomists have given this nameto a small
    paratum . projection ; the existence of which is by no
    LOOSE STRIFE , CREEPING , Lysimachia means constant, and which is found in the sinus
    nummularia . venosus, between the superior and inferior cava.
    LOOSENESS, Diarrhæa. LOXAR'THRUS, from 2ošos, oblique ,' and TE
    LOPEZ RADIX , Radir lopezia'na , Radir apgpov, “ articulation .' Perrersion de la tête des
    In'dica lopeziu'na. The root of an unknown os et des muscles. A vitious deviation or direc 21

    Indian tree , not possessed of any remarkable tion of the joints ; without spasm or luxation , 4
    smell or taste, or of any appearance of resinous as in clubfoot.
    matter. It has been extolled, notwithstanding , LOXIAS, Torticollis.
    in cases of colliquative diarrhea, Gaubius com- LOZENGE , Tabella .
    pares its action to that of simarouba, but thinks LOZENGES BARK , Tabellæ cinchone - 1. th
    it more efficacious . of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellæ antimoni
    LOPHADIA , Lophia. ales Kunckelii - 1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli
    LOPHIA , Lopha'dia. The first vertebra of -1 . for .the beart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis
    the back .-- Gorræus, calcis-1 Magnesia , Tabellæ de magnesia - 1. of
    LOPIMA , Fagus castanea . Marshmallows, Tabellæ de althaâ- 1. of Oxalic
    LOQUAC''ITY , Garru'litas; from loquor, 1 acid, Tabellæ acidi oxalici - 1 . Pectoral, black ,
    speak .' (F.) Bubillement. The act of speaking Trochisci glycyrrhiza glabre - 1. Pectoral, of
    with volubility. It is , sometimes, a symptom emetine, Trochisci emetinæ pectorales— 1 . Rhu
    of disease , and is observable in hysteria , &c. barb, Tabellæ de rheo - 1. of Scammony and
    LOQUELA , Voice , articulated. senna, compound, Tabellæ de scammonio et
    LORDOʻSIS , from aondo:, ' curved,' " bent.' senna-1 . Sieel , Tabelle de ferro - 1. of Steel ,
    LUCCA 423 LUMBRICALIS

    aromatic , see Tabelle de ferro - l. Sulphur, i branches-the crural, obturator, and lumbo
    simple, Tabellæ de sulphure simplices-1. Sul- sacral.
    phur,compound,Tabellæ de sulphure compositæ LUMBAR ABSCESS , Psoas abscess, Aposte'ma
    - 1. of Sulphuret of antimony, Tabellæ antimo- psoaticum, Absces'sus lumbo’rum , Morbus psoad'
    niales Kunckelii - l. Worm , Ching's, Worm icus. This abscess is so called from the matter
    lozenges, Ching's . being found on the side of the psoas muscle , or
    LUCCA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The betwixt that and the iliacus internus. Between
    baths and waters,near this ancient Italian city, these muscles is a quantity of loose, cellular
    have been long celebrated. They are thermal, substance; and, when an abscess takes place
    and resemble,in properties, those of Plombières there, it can find no outlet except by a distant
    in France , and of Bath in England . There are course . Generally , it descends along the psoas
    ten different sources, the temperature of which muscle , forming a swelling immediately be
    varies from 950 to 131º Fahr. neath Poupart's ligament ; at times , however,
    LUCE , Light. it extends down the thigh under the fascia .
    LUCID , Lu'cidus. In medicine , the word Severe hectic follows the bursting of the ab.
    lucid is particularly applied to the interrals of scess , and often death . Its causes are , -scrofula,
    apparentreason , which occur in mental aliena- injury to the loins , &c.
    tion . When , from the pain of the back continuing
    LUCINA, Mithyia. for some time, with other symptoms, the disease
    LUES, Syphilis-1 . Gutturis epidemica, Cy . is suspected , caustics, or the moxa applied op.
    nanche maligna-1 . Indica , Frambæsia-1 . Sar. posite the transverse processes of the lumbar
    matica , Plica - 1. Syphilis, Syphilis - 1. Syphi. vertebræ , must be recommended ; and, when
    lodes, Syphilis pseudo-syphilis - 1. Venerea, the abscess is ready for opening, it may be
    Syphilis . emptied by repeated discharges of the matter,
    LUETTE, Uvula -- 1. Vésicale. See Urinary through a small opening, made with a lancet
    bladder. or small lancet- pointed trocar. The medical
    LUJULA , Oxalis acetosella . treatment will consist in supporting the sys
    LULLABY SPEECH , Lallation . temn , under the great restorative efforts required
    LUMBAGO , from Lumbi, ' the loins. Ar- of it.
    thro'sia lumbo'rum , Lumbago rheumatica , Ne- LUMBAR Region , Lumbi.
    phral gia rheumatica, Rhuchirrheu 'ma , Rachior- LUMBARIS EXTERNUS, Quadratus lum
    rheu'ma, Rheumatis'mus dorsa'lis. Rheuma- borum - 1. internus, Psoas magnus.
    tism affecting the lumbar region . Lumba'go LUMBI, The loins, the lumbar region , Lapa'
    psoad'ica, L. apostemato'sa, L.ab arthroc'ace- ra , Psoa ,Osphys. The posterior regions of the
    Pains in the loins from abscess. abdomen , comprised between the base of the
    LUMBAGO A Nisu . See Effort. chest and the pelvis . The parts which enter
    LUMBAR , Lumbaris vel Lumba'lis. (F.) into the formation of the lumbar region, are
    Lombaire. Belonging or having reference to the skin ; a considerable quantity of cellular
    the loins. texture ; broad and strong aponeuroses ; -the
    The LUMBAR ARTERIES are four or five in Latissimus Dorsi, Obliquus externus, and Ob
    number on each side. They arise from the liquus internus abdominis, Transversalis abdo
    sides of the abdominal aorta, and pass behind minis, Quadratus lumborum , and the mass com
    the muscles situate in front of the lumbar por- mon to the Sacro -lumbalis, Lungissimus dorsi
    tion of the spine, to gain the broad muscles of and Multifidus spina. These muscles surround
    the abdomen . They give off, 1. Spinal branches. the lumbar region of the vertebral column.
    2. Anterior, posterior, and external muscular The vessels, nerves, &c., of the loins, are
    branches . called lumbar .
    The LUMBAŘ Veins have an arrangement LUMBO -SACRAL. Belonging to the lum .
    analogous to that of the arteries of the same bar and sacral regions. ( F.) Lombo -sacré. Bi.
    name. They communicate with the vertebral chat calls thus a very large nerve , given off
    sinuses, azygous veins, &c. , and pass into the from the anterior branch of the fifth lumbar
    vena cava inferior. pair, which descends into the pelvis before the
    The LUMBAR NERVES are five in number, sacrum to join the sciatic plexus.
    and issue from the vertebral column by the LUMBRICA'LIS , Vermicula'ris. Resem
    spinal foramina of the loins . The first lumbar bling a lumbri'cus or earthworm . A name
    nerve gives off three branches :--the external or given to small muscles, met with in the palm
    ilio - scrotal; the middle or inguino-cutancous, of the hand and sole of the foot.
    and the internal or infra pubian. Along with LUMBRICALES Manus , Fidicina'les, Flexor
    the three pairs below it, it forms the lumbar primi interno'dii digito'rum manus velperfora ':
    plexus. ius lumbrica'lis, Annuli-tendino-phalangiens, Pal.
    The Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire du mi-phalungiens. Four small, fleshy, thin , round,
    plerus crural, (Ch.,) Plerus Lombo-abdominal. long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the palm of
    This plexus is formed by the union of the Rami the hand , and distinguished into first, second ,
    communican'tes of the anterior branches of the third, and fourth , counting from without to
    first four lumbar nerves . It is situate behind within . They arise from the tendons of the
    the psoasmuscle ,and before the transverse pro- flexor communis digitorum , and are inserted at
    cesses of the lumbar vertebræ . It furnishes , the outer and posterior side of the superior ex
    besides the branches which proceed from the tremity of the first phalanges of the last four
    first pair, several filaments, that are distributed fingers . These muscles bend the fingers on
    to the psoas muscle , to the iliacus, the integu- the metacarpus, and fix the tendons of the
    ments, glands of the groin ; and three great flexor digitorum communis.
    LUMBRICUS 424 LYCOPERDON

    LUMBRICALES Pedis , Planti-tendino -phalnn- |have to support a great degree of heat. Lutes
    giens. Planti-sous-phalangiens, (Ch .) They are composed differently, according to the ob
    are analogous to those of the hand in form , ject to be accomplished. Commonly they are
    number, and arrangement. They increase the inade of linseed meal and starch . The futlule
    flexion of the toes and draw them inwards. is formed of clay and drying oil . Sometimes, the
    LUMBRICUS , Ascaris lumbricoides - 1. La- white of egg and lime are used ; and that which
    tus, Bothriocephalus latus, Tænia solium . is employed for covering vessels, intended to be
    LUMBUS VENERIS ,Achillea millefolium . water
    strongly heated,is made of clay,sifted sand, and
    LUMEN , Light, pupil . .
    LUMIÈRE, Light. LUTEUS, Yellow.
    LUNA, Argentum , Moon. LUTRON, dovtpov. A bath. Also, an oph
    LUNA'RE OS , Os semiluna'rē . The second thalmic medicine.-Galen.
    bone in the upper row of the carpus. LUX , Light.
    LUNA'RIA REDIVI'VA, Leuco'ium , Bul. LUXA'TION, Elura'tion, from lura're, lo
    bonach , Sutin , Honesty. Said, by Ray , to be a put out of place.' Disloca'tion, Olisthe'ma, Apo
    warm diuretic . pcd'asis, Luza'tiv, Disloca'tio , Ec'clisis, Sirem '.
    LU'NATIC, Lunaticus, from Luna,' the ma, Luxatu'ra , Ecto'pia , Ecpto'sis, Elap'sus, Ly
    moon.' That which is under the influence of gis'mus, Emo'lio , Ec'stusis, Erurthre'ma, Ex
    the moon . Moonstruck. An epithet given to urthro'ma, Exarthre'ma luxa'tio, Ecurthro'sis,
    diseases , which are supposed to appear at cer- Deloca'lio, Exarticulu'tio, (F.) Luzation, Disloca
    tain phases of the moon; or to those who are lion , Déboîtement. A displacement of a part from
    affected by them . Usually , it is restricted to one its proper situation . A putting out of joint.
    labouring under lunacy or mental alienation. A displacement of two or more bones, whose
    LUNE, Mocn . articular surfaces have lost, wholly or in part,
    LUNELLA , Hypopyon . their natural connexion ; either owing to ex.
    LUNES, Menses . ternal violence, (accidental luxation, ) or to dig.
    LUNETTES ORDINAIRES , Spectacles. ease of some of the parts about the joint (spon
    LUNG, Pulmo - 1. Proof, Dociinisia pulmo- tuneous luxation .)
    num-l . Wort, Pulmonaria-1 . Wort, cow's, Luxation is complete, when the bones have
    Verbascum nigrum-1 . Wort, tree , Lichen pul . entirely lost their natural connexion ; incom
    monariug . plete, when they partly preserve it ; and com
    LUPIA , Encystis, Wen . pound , when a wound communicates with the
    LUPINUS. Under this term the white lupin, luxated joint.
    Lupi'nus albus, is meant in some pharmacopeias. The general indications of treatment, are :
    The seed , which were inuch eaten in the days of 1. To reduce the protruded bone to its original
    Pliny and of Galen , are now neglected . The place. 2. To retain it in sitû. 3. To obviate any
    meal is , however, occasionally used as an an attendant or consequent symptoms.
    thelmintic, and as a cataplasm . To reduce requires extension , counter- exten .
    LUPULI'NA, Lu'puline. A substance which sion , and coaptation.
    exists in the hop , and has been pointed out by LUXEUIL , MINERAL WATERS OF. Sa
    Dr. Ives , of New York . It occurs in the form line waters, al the town of Luxeuil , at the foot
    of small , shining, yellowish grains, which cover of the Vosges, in the department of Haute
    the base of the scales of the hop. It is pul- Saône. Five springs are thermal, and two
    verulent, and of an aromatic odour. When cold. They seem to contain carbonic acid ,
    analyzed, it is found to contain resin , volatile carbonates of iron and lime , and muriate of
    oil in small quantity , and a bitter principle . It soda; and are employed as aperient, tonic, and
    is aromatic and tonic , and - according to Dr. stimulant.
    Ives- narcotic. LYCANCHĒ, auxayan, from avxoş , ' a wolf,'.
    LUPUS. " The wolf,' so named from its ra- and ayxo), I strangle. Wolf quinsy, Wolf
    pacily : Ulcus Tuberculo'sum , Cuncer lupus, Noli choak ;-as Cynanche means Dog choak. See
    metan'gere. Tubercular excrescences,with rag. Lycoides.
    ged, spreading ulcerations, chiefly about the alve LYCANTHROʻPIA , from luxos , ' a wolf,'
    nasi , where they destroy the skin , & c. for some and ar9ow710$, “ a man : Lyca'on, Insa'nia lupi'
    depth. Sometimes they appear in the cheek na. A variety of melancholy, in which the
    circularly , or in the shape of a sort of ring person helieves himself to be changed into a
    worm , destroying the substance and leaving a wolf, and imitates the voice and habits of that
    deep and deformed cicatrix. The knife or caus . animal.
    tic should be used to separate the sound from LYCAON, Lycanthropia .
    the morbid parts . Arsenic has been given in . LYCHNIS SYLVESTRIS , Saponaria.
    ternally with advantage. LYCOI'DES , Lyco'des , from auzos, “ a wolf,'
    Lupus Cancrosos , Cancer-1. Vorax, Herpes and aidos , " form .' Lupo sim'ilis. An epithet for
    exedens. a species of cynanche, absurdly attributed to
    LUSCIOSITAS , Myopia. excessive retention of sperm in its reservoirs ,
    LUSCIOSUS , Myops . and its passage into the biood .(?)
    LUSCITAS, Strabismus. LYCOPER'DON, from auros, ' a wolf,' and
    LUSCUS, Burgne. nieodw, ' I break wind. L. Bovis'ta , Crep'itus
    LUT, Lute . Lupi, Puff-ball, Bull Fists, Mollipuffs, Bovis'ta ,
    LUTE , Lutum , Cæmen'tum , Mud. (F.) Lut. (F.) Vesseloup. The puff ball dries into a very
    A composition employed either for closing aper. hiné, light, brownish dust, which is sometimes
    tures in a pharmaceutical instrument, or for used as a mechanical styptic to arrest hemor
    covering the surface of retorts, tubes, &c. which / rhage.
    LYCOPO'DIUM 425 LYMPHOSIS

    LYCOPER'DON TUBER, Tuber, Truffle, Agrio -1 LYMPHANGEITIS


    LYMPHÆDUCTUS,Lymphatic vessels.
    cas'tanum , Trubs, Tuber ciba'rium , Ť. Guloso'- , Angeioleucitis.
    rum , Tubera Terre, ( F.) Truffe. A fleshy, LYMPHANGIA , Lymphatic vessels.
    firm body , unknown in its mode of reproduc- LYMPHANGIOL'OGY , from Lymphangeon ,
    tion, which is found under ground, especially “ a lymphatic,' and doyos,'' a description . A
    in different parts of France , Italy , & c ., and is treatise on the lymphatics.
    much esteemed as an aliment. It seems to be . LYMPHATIC , Lymphaticus, Rorif erus.
    long to the Champignons, and has a particular That which relates to lymph.
    perfume . Aphrodisiac virtues have been as- LYMPHATIC HEARTS. The frog and several
    cribed to it. other animals are provided with large recepta
    LYCOPODIUM, L. Clada'tum , Cingula'ria, cles for the lymph immediately underneath the
    Muscus clava'tus, Club -moss, Wolf's-claro. This skin, which exbibit distinct and regular pulsa
    is the largest of the European mosses. The dust, Lions like the sanguiferous heart. Their use ap
    which fills the capsules of its spikes , is very in- pears to be — to propel the lymph .
    flammable, and hence has been called Vegetable The Lymphatic System is that particular
    Sulphur ;-and, also , Fari'na seu Pulvis seu system of organs, which is inservient to the
    Semen seu Sulphur Lycopo'dii. It is used in formation and circulation of lymph. These
    France to roll pills and boluses in : and in Me- organs are :
    dicine , as a desiccative, in the excoriations to 1. The LYMPHATIC GANGLIOns or Glands .
    which infants are liable. It is collected chiefly See Ganglions.
    in Switzerland and Germany for commerce. 2. The LYMPHATIC Vessels, Lymphæductus,
    LYCOPODIUM SELA'Go, Muscus erec'tus, Up- Lymphangi'a, Lymphange'a, Vena lymphaticæ,
    right Club-moss, Fir Club-moss, Upright Fir. Ducius sero'si, and Vasa lymphatica. These are
    moss. The decoction of this plant acts violent- very numerous . Arising at the surface of memº
    ly as an emetic and purgative ; and was former- branes and of the tissue of the organs, they
    ly , on this account, used as an abortive. It is carry into the veins the lymph from those parts.
    also employed to kill vermin . Lymphatic vessels are found in every part of
    LYCOREXIS , Fames Lupina. the body. Wherever they are met with, how
    LYCOSA TARENTULA. See Tarantula. ever, they form two orders, -one superficial,
    LYGISMUS, Luxation. the other deep -seated ; -the two orders frequent
    LYGMUS, Singultus. ly communicating with each other.
    LYING -IN STATE , Parturient state . Lymphatic vessels are generally smaller than
    LYMPH , Lympha, from rupon, 'water,'by arteries and veins. They are very thin , dia
    changing v into a White Blood , Lympha Nu- phanous, and cylindrical ; but they present ,
    tritia . # name given to the fluid , contained here and there, more or less considerable dila
    in the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of ani- tations, caused by valves in their interior.
    mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours. They are slightly tortuous in their course :
    According to Chevreul, the lymph of the dog their anastomoses are very numerous, and they
    contains water, fibrine, albumen, common salt, often cross each other, forming successive
    subcarbonate of soda, phosphates of lime and plexuses. Of the arrangement of the extreme
    magnesia, and carbonate of lime . The proper. radicles we are ignorant. All the branches,
    ties and composition of lymph vary considera- before joining the principaltrunks,pass through
    bly, according to the part whence the lympha lymphatic ganglions, in which they are convo
    tic vessels obtain it. Generally, it is under the luted, or subdivide almostad infinitum .
    form of a transparent, slightly alkaline fluid , They are formed of an outer cellular mem
    sometimes of a madder- red or yellowish colour, brane and an internal coat, similar to that of
    -of a spermatic odour, and saline laste ; solu- the veins : of the latter, the valves are formed.
    ble in water ,—the solution becoming turbid, All the lymphatics of the body ultimately dis
    when mixed with alcohol. When left to itself, charge themselves into the subclavian and in
    it coagulates. The clotor solid portion becomes ternal jugular veins. Two of these trunks are
    of a scarlet red, if put in contact with oxygen; considerably larger than the others: the thora
    and ofa purple red, if placed in carbonic acid . cic duct, (q.v .) and the great trunk of the right
    The lymph is probably the product of inter- side ,-( F.) La grand veine lymphatique droite.
    nal absorption in different parts of the body ; it The former receives the lymphatics of the ab
    then flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting domen , of the lower extremities, the left side
    with the chyle, and is poured with it into the of the thorax , the left upper extremity, and the
    veins; thus becoming one of the materials of corresponding side of the head and neck :-the
    the blood. According to others , the blood, latter receives those of the right upper ex
    when it reaches the arterial radicles, is divided tremity, and of the right side of the head, neck
    into two portions, —the one red , which is car. and thorax.
    ried to the heart,-the other serous or white , LYMPHE DE COTUGNO, Cotunnius, li
    which is absorbed by the lymphatic vessels, and quor of.
    constitutes the lymph . By others, again , the LYMPHEURYS'MA, from lympha, 'lymph,'
    lymphatics are considered to be the vessels of and suqura, “ I dilate .' Morbid dilatation of a
    return for the white bloodsent to certain tissues. lymphatic vessel.
    LYMPHA MUCULENTA NARIUM , Na- LYMPHIZATION . A term used to signify
    sal mucus-1 . Nutritia, Lymph - 1. Pancreatis, effusion of coagulable lymph. Gross.
    see Pancreas Plastica,
    . Fibrine. LYMPHOCHEZIA, from lympha ,' lymph ,
    LYMPHADENI'TIS : from lympha, 'lymph,' and you,' I go to stool.' Serous diarrhea( 9.v.)
    and adeni'tis ; inflammation of a gland. In- LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora
    flammation of a lymphatic gland or ganglion. tion of lymph.
    54
    LYMPHOTOMY 426 MACROCEPH'ALUS

    LYMPHOT'OMY, from lympha, " lymph ,' LYSIS, Àvois . Solution , (q . v .) a common
    and Teurw , I cut. ' Dissection of the lympha- suffix; also , a name given to crises, which are
    tics. operated insensibly ; that is , gradually and
    LYNCH'S EMBROCATION . An emollient without critical symptoms.
    nostrum , formed of olive oil impregnated with LYSSA CANINA, Hydrophobia.
    bergamot and other essences , and colo ed with LYSSODEC'TUS, from ivoou, canine mad .
    alkanet root. ness,' and duzro ,' I bite.' Hydroph'obus- Cane
    LYNGO'DES , from avys, the hiccough .' rabido morsus. One who has been bitten by a
    Febris lymgodes. A species of fever,commonly mad dog, or is actually labouring under hydro
    intermiitent, of which the hiccough is a promi- phobia .
    nent symptom . LYTE'RIOS , autrpios , ‘ solving.' An epithet
    LYNN WAHOO , Ulmus alata, given to those signs which announce the solu.
    LYNX , Singultus. tion of a very violent disease.
    LYPEMANIA , Melancholy. LYTHRUM SALICA'RIA , Lysima'chin pur
    LYPOMA, Lipoma. pu'reu , Salica'ria :-- the Common of Purple
    LYRA , hvoa, ' the lyre .' Psalterium , Corpus Willow Herb. The herb , root, and flowers pos
    Psalloi'des, Lyra Da'vidis. The under surface sess a considerable degree of astringency , and
    of the posterior part of the body of the fornix are used , occasionally , in the cure of diarrhea
    is impressed with numerous transverse and ob- , and dysentery , leucorrhæa , hæmnoptysis, &c.
    lique lines , which have been so called from LYTTA VESICATORIA , Cantharis.
    some resemblance they bear to the ancient Lytta Rufipes. A variety of Lytta, pecu
    lyre . liar to Chili, which is more active as a vesicant
    LYRINGIUM , Eryngium campestre. than the Caniharis, or the Lytta just described .
    LYSIMACHIA NUÑMULA'RIA , Creeping Lytta Vitta'ta, Can'tharis viltata , Pota'to
    Loose Strife, Money Wort,Nummula'ria ,Hirun . Fly. ( F.) Cantharide tachetée. Four species of
    dina'ria, Centimorbia. ( F. ) Herbe aur ecus. meloe, that blister, are found the United
    This plant was formerly accounted vulnerary. States. The lytta vittala feeds principally upon
    It has been considered to possess antiscorbutic the potato plant, and, at the proper season of
    and astringent qualities , and has been used in the year,may be collected in immense number.
    leucorrhea. The potato fly resembles the cantharides in
    LYSIMACULA PURPUREA , Lythrum salicaria. every property , and is fully equal to them .

    M.

    M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, MACHINE , Mach'ina, Machinamen'lum ,


    manipulus, ' a handful.' Also, misce, ' mix . ' Mech'anē, Mechane'ma. A more or less com
    See Abbreviation . pound instrument, used in physics and chymis.
    MACAPATLI , Smilax sarsaparilla . try to put a body in motion, or to produce any
    MACARO'NI. An alimentary paste,mould- action whatever. Physiologists, sometimes, use
    ed of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or it for the animal body ;-as the machine or uni
    wheaten flour. It is eaten - when boiled -in mal machine.
    soup , prepared with cheese , & c . MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania.
    Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone - m . Diacra
    compound ofsugar and glass of antimony, car- nienne, Maxillary bone , lower-m. Syncrani
    ried into France by the Italian monks, and em. enne, Maxillary bone, superior.
    ployed at the hospital La Churité, in the treat- MACIES , Atrophy, Emaciation .
    ment of painters' colic. MACRAU'CHEN , from maxpos, long,' and
    MACEDONISIUM , Smyrnium olusatrum . avynn, ' theneck .' Longo collo præditus. - One
    MACERA'TION, Macera'tio, from mic'ero, who has a long neck . - Galen.
    I soſten by water .' An operation , which con- MACRE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans.
    sists in infusing , usually without heat, a solid MACRITUDO , Emaciation .
    substance in a liquid , so as to extract its virtues. MACROBIOSIS, Longevity .
    MACERONA, Smyrnium olusatrum . MACROBIOT'IC, Macrobiot'icus, longa'rus,
    MACHÆRA , Culter, Knife, Penis . from uaxoos, ' great,' ' long ,' and Bros , • life .'
    MACHÆRIDION , Machærion. That which lives a long time. The macrobiotic
    MACHÆRION , Mucha'ris, Machærid'ion, art is the art of living a long time .
    Gladiolus, a knife , ( q. v . ) An amputating knife. MACROCEPH'ALUS, from maxnos, ' great,'
    Rufus of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices ' long,' and repair, head. Quimagnum habet
    gave this name to a part of the liver of animals. caput, One who has a large head.' This epi
    MACHÆRIS , Knife . thet is given to children born with heads so
    MACHAO'NIA ARS, Med'icine. The Heal- large, that they seem to be hydrocephalic; but
    ing Art :-so called after Machaon , the son of in which the unusual development is owing
    Æsculapius . to a large size of the brain . Such are supposed
    MACH'INAL, Mechan'icus. This epithet is to be more than ordinarily liable to convul
    added, especially by French writers , to the sions. (? ) The term has also been applied , by
    word modement, to express that the will takes Hippocrates , to certain Asiatics who had long
    no part in it . heads ,
    1 MACROGLOSSUS 427 MAGNESIA

    MACROGLOS'SUS, from wazoos, large ,' been prepared for some time before they are
    and yanaoa, ' tongue .' One who has a very prescribed .
    large tongue . The condition is termed macro- MAGISTRANTIA , Imperatoria.
    glos'sia . MAGMA , (F.) Mare, from maddo , ' 1 pound ,'
    MACRONOSIÆ , Chronic diseases. I express.' The thick residuum , obtained
    6
    MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS , from uaxpos, after expressing certain substances to extract
    " long,' quoa,' air,'and negaàn , “ head .' A word the fluid parts from them . Also, the grounds
    used by Ambrose Paré to designate an aug: which remain after treating a substance with
    mentation of the head of the fætus, produced water, alcohol , or any other menstruum .
    by a sort of emphysema, which retards delivery. The Marc of Olides is the residuum after the
    MACROPIPER , Piper longum . greatest possible quantity of oil has been ex
    MACROPNC'A , from uargos, “ long,' and tracted from olives by making them ferment.
    190 , ' I breathe .' A long or slow respiration . It was formerly employed as a stimulant,under
    Macrop'nus, macropnoos, for one who breathes the form of a bath -- to which the name Bain de
    slowly , is metwith in some authors. - Hippocr. Marc was given by the French .
    MACROR, Emaciation . The Marc of Grapes, Brytia , was once em
    MACROS, Long. ployed for the same purposes .
    MACROS'CELES , Crura longa habens ; MAGNES, Magnet.
    from maxpos,‘ long ,' and oxsios , ' the leg . On Magnes ARSENICA'lis , ( Sulphur, white arse
    who has long legs. nic, and common antimony, of each equal parts,
    MACROSIÆ , Chronic diseases . Mix by fusion .) It is corrosive. See Magnetic
    MACROTRYS RACEMOSA . See Actæa Plaster.
    racemosa . Magnes EPILEPSIÆ , Hydrargyri sulphuretum
    MACULA. A spot. Dyschræa, Celis ,xedes, rubrum .
    ( F. ) Tache. A permanent discoloration of some MAGNE'SIA , Abar'nahas , Chambar, from
    portion of the skin , ofter with a change of its magnes, the magnet ;' because itwas supposed
    texture . Ephelis, Nævus, Spilus, & c ., belong to have the power of attracting substances from
    to the Macula . the air .
    Macula , Molecule - m . Cornew, Caligo- MAGNESIA AERATA, Magnesiæ carbonas - m .
    m . Corneæ arcuata , Gerotoxon - m . Hepatica, Alba, M. carbonas - m . Calcinata , M. usta — m .
    Chloasma materna , Nævus-m . Matricis, Næ- Edinburgensis, Magnesiæ carbonas-m. Hen
    vus - m . Solaris, Ephelides . ry's , Magnesia carbonas - m . Mitis, Magnesiæ
    MADAR , Mudar. carbonas - m . Nigra, Manganese, black oxide
    MADARO'SIS , from uados , bald .' Mada- of - m . Salis amari, Magnesiæ carbonas - m .
    ro'ma, Made'sis, Deplume'tio , Milpha ,Milpho'. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesiæ carbonas - m . Sa
    sis , Ptilosis, Calvities, (q.v. ) Loss of the hair, turni, Antimonium-m . Vitriolata, Magnesiæ
    particularly of the eyelashes. sulphas - m . and Soda, sulphate of, see Soda ,
    MADDER , DYERS' , Rubia . sulphate of.
    MADELEON , Bdellium . MAGNESIA OpalI'NA . A name given by Lé .
    MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. méry to a mixture of equal parts of antimony,
    MADISIS , Depilation. nitrate of potass, and muriate of soda, (decre
    MADISTE'RIUM , Madiste'rion , Trichola- pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not
    bium ,' tweezers,' Volscl'la . An instrument for used.
    extracting hairs from the skin . Magnesia Usta , Magnesia calcina'ta, Cal
    MADNESS, CANINE, Hydrophobia - m . cined Magnesia ,Oxide of magnesium . (F.) Mag.
    Raving or furious, Mania . nésie brulée, Magnésie, M. Caustique . This is
    MADOR , Moisture . obtained by exposing carbonate of magnesia to
    MADREPORA OCULATA. See Coral . a strong heat , It is inodorous ; taste very
    MAEA , Midwife. slightly bitter ; in the form of a white , light,
    MAEEIA , Obstetrics. spongy , soft powder. S. g. 2.3 ; requiring 2006
    MAEIA , Obstetrics. times its weight of water for its solution . It is
    MAEUTRIA , Midwife . antacid , and laxative when it meets with acid
    MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon , Magdaleo, Mag. in the stomach. Dose, gr. x to zj in water or
    dalis, from paydalia , 'a cylinder. Any medi- milk.
    cine rolled into the form of a cylinder ; and par MAGNESIÆ CAR'bonAS, M. Subcar'bonas,Mag .
    ticularly plasters. nesia , (Dublin ) M. aera'ta , M. carbon'ica , M.
    MAGEIRICE , Culinary art. alba, Subcarbonate of Magnesia , Henry's Mag
    MAGGOT PIMPLE. See Acne . nesia, M. Subcarbon'ica , M. Mitis, M. Edinbur.
    MAGIS, wayış, ' a cake.' A sort of cake, gen'sis, M. Salis Ebshamen'sis, M. Salis ama'ri,
    composed ofcloves of garlic and cheese beaten Carbonas magnes'icum , Lac terre, Hypocar'.
    together. - Hippocr. bonas magnesiæ , Terra ama'ra, T. amara aëra'ta ,
    MAGISTERIUM SULPHURIS, Sulphur T. absor'bens minera'lis, T. Talco'sa oxyanthra
    lotum -m . Tartari purgans, Potassæ acetas. co'des. ( F.) Sous-carbonate de Magnésie, Mag.
    MAG''ISTERY,Magiste'rium ,froin magister, nésie aërée, M. blanche, M. crayeuse, M.'douce,
    a master. ' Certain precipitates, from saline M. effervescente, M. Moyenne, Poudre de Senti.
    solutions , were formerly so called ; as well as nelli, P. de Valentini, P. du Comte de Palme.
    other medicines, the preparation of which was bonate
    Prepared from sulphate of magnesia by subcar
    kept secret . of potass. It is inodorous ; insipid ;
    MAG'ISTRAL, Magistra'lis, Extempora'ne, light; white ;, spongy ; opaque ; effervescing
    ous. Medicines are so called which are prepared with acids: insoluble in water. Properties
    extemporaneously . Officinal, are such as have the same as the last . But the carbonic acid ,
    MAGNESIE AERÉE 428 MAL DE DENT

    when set free, sometimes causes unpleasant ?


    distention .
    MAGNETINUS, Potassæ supertartras im
    purus.
    MAGNESIÆ HYPOCARBONAS, M. carbonas- MAG'NETISM , AN'IMAL, Mesmerism ,
    m. Subcarbonas, M. carbonas—m. Vitriolicum , Neurogamia, Biogamia , Biomagnetis'mus, Zoo
    Magnesiæ sulphas. magnetis'mus, Econeurism , ( proposed by Mr.
    MAGNESIÆ 'Sulphas, Sulphas Magnesiæ pu- A.Mayo,) Tellurismus. Properties attributed
    rifica ta , Magnesia vitriola'ta, Sal cathar'ticus to the influence of a particular principle , which
    ama'rus, Sal catharticum amurum, Sal ama'rum , has been compared to that which characterizes
    S. Anglicanum , Sulphate of Magnesia ,Sal Epso- the magnet. It is supposed to be transmitted
    men'sis, Sal catharticus Anglica'nus, Sal Sedli. from one person to another, and to impress
    cen'sis, Sal Ebsdamen'se, $. Seydschutzen'së, peculiar modifications on organic action, espe
    Terra ama'ra sulphu'rica , Vitriol'icum Magne cially on that of the nerves. The discussions,to
    siæ , Epsom Salt, Bitter purginy Salt. ( F. ) Sel which this strange belief has given rise , are by
    admirable de Lemery, Sel d'Egra. Generally no means terminated. There is no evidence
    obtained from sea water. Its taste is bitter and whatever of the existence of such a fluid .
    disagreeable . It is soluble in an equal quantity Highly impressible persons can be thrown into
    of water at 60 °. It is purgative and diuretic . a kind of hysteric sleep and somnambulism , but
    Dose , as a cathartic, 3 ss to 3ij . farther than this, the efforts of the magnetizer
    MAGNÉSIE AEREE , Magnesiæ carbonas , cannot reach. It is a mode of action upon the F
    m . Blanche, Magnesiæ carbonas - m . Brulée, nerves through the medium of the senses.
    Magnesia usta — m . Caustique, Magnesia usta- MAGNITIS , Magnet.
    m . Crayeuse, Magnesiæ carbonas - m . Douce, MAGNOC , Jatropha manihot. lo
    Magnesiæ carbonas — m . Effervescente, Magne MAGNOʻLIA GLAUCA , Small Magnolia, fc
    siæ carbonas - ın Moyenne,Magnesiæ carbonas. Magnolia , Swamp Sas'safras, Elk Bark, Indian 0
    MAGNESIUM , OXIDE OF, Magnesia usta. Bark, White Laurel, Sweet Bay, Beaver Wood, D
    MAGNET, Magnes, Lapis heracle'us, L.Syde- White Bay, Cinchona of Virginia . The bark is
    Ti'tis,
    Magnes, L. nau'ticus, Magni'tis,
    its discoverer. so called. from
    (F.) Aimant The
    possessed of tonic properties, resembling those C
    of cascarilla , canella, & c. The same may be P
    magnet or loadstone. An amorphous ,oxydu. said of the Magnolia tripetala or Umbrel'la tree ;
    Ću'cumber tree, and the
    ! ta
    lated ore of iron , which exerts an attraction on the M. acumina'ta or 1
    unmagnetized iron , and his the property of ex M. grandiflora. it
    hibiting poles ; that is , of pointing by one of MAGNUM DEI DONUM , Cinchona .
    its extrenities to the north . This ore, by con Magnum , Os . The third bone
    stantorlong rubbing, communicates its pro - rowof the carpus ; reckoning fromofthe
    thethumb.
    lower
    perties to iron, and thus artificial magnets are It is the largest bone of the carpus; and is, also, ar
    formed. Magnetic ore is found in many coun - called Os capita'tum . ( F. ) Grand Os. h
    tries, and particularly in the island of Elba . MAHMOUDY , Convolvulus scammonia.
    The magnet is sometimes used to extract
    spicula of iron from the eye or from wounds . MAHOGAN FÉBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri
    It has been employed as an antispasmodic ; but fuga .
    acts only through the imagination. The pow MAIANTHEMUM , Convallaria maialis.
    der has been given as a tonic . In Pharmacy, MAIDENHAIR , Adianthum capillus veneris
    it is used to purify iron filings. It attracts the -m. Canada, Adianthum pedatum - m . Com
    iron, and the impurities remain behind . It mon , Asplenium trichomanoides — m . Golden ,
    formerly entered , as an ingredient, into several Polytrichum-m. White , Asplenium ruta mu K
    plasters, to draw bullets and heads of arrows raria. El
    from the body - as the Emplastrum divinum MAIEIA , Obstetrics . ch
    Nicolai, the Emplastrum nigrum of Augsburg, MAIGREUR, Emaciation . M
    the Opodeldoch, and Attracticum of Paracel- MAILLET, Mallet. las
    SUS , & c . MAILLOT, Swathing clothes. 12
    MAGNET'IC , Magneticus, from uicyvis, ' the MAIN , Manus.
    magnet. That which belongs or relates to MAJORANA, Organum majorana - m . Sy. og
    magnetism ;-mineral or animal. riaca , Teucrium marum .
    MAGNETIC FLUID . A name given to the im . MAL D'AMOUR, Odontalgia-m. des Ar
    с
    ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its dens, see Ardent - m . d'Aventure, Paronychia ta
    virtues. By analogy , it is applied to a particu- m . di Breno, Scherlievo - m . Caduc, Epilepsy. FA
    lar principle , supposed to be the source of MAL DE CRIMÉE, (F.) Lèpre des Cossaques,
    organic actions ; which affects, it is conceived , Lepra Tau'rica . A variety of lepra in the
    the nervous system principally, and is suscepti- Crimea.
    Te
    ble of being transmitted from one living body MAL DE DENT, Odontalgia-m. Dirin ,
    to another,by contact orsimple approximation, Epilepsy-m. d'Enfant, Pains (Labour)-m. di
    and especially under the influence of fixed voli . Fiume , Scherlievo - m . Francais, Syphilis-m .
    tion. See Magnetism , Animal. de Gorge, Cynanche - m . de Machvirė , Trismus
    MAGNETIC PLASTER. A plaster , at present, -m. De Mer, Nausea marina - m . de Mère,
    not used. It had for its base a mixture, called Hysteria-m.deMisère,Pellagra-m.de Naples,
    Magnes arsenicalis ; formed of equal parts of Syphilis - m . Rouge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis
    antimony , sulphur, and arsenic melted together of Cayenne -- m . Saint Antoine, Erysipelas-m .
    in a glass cucurbit. Saint Jean, Epilepsy-m . Saint Main , Lepra ,
    The name MAGNETIC PLASTERS was , like. Psora - m . di Scherlievo, Scherlievo-m. de
    face
    wise, given to such as contained powdered Siam , Fever, yellow .
    magnet. MA ). DE SAN LAZARO, Cocobay. A leprous
    l's
    MALA 429 MALLEOLUS

    disease common in Columbia, S. America, and and skin , and pierced with canals,called malar,
    said to be cured by the Cuichunchulli. through which vessels and nerves pass. Its
    MAL DEL SOLE, Pellagra - m . de Terre, Epi- upper surface is concave , and forms part of the
    lepsy — m . à Tete, Cephalalgia. orbit. Its posterior surface is concave , and en
    MALA , Gena - m . Aurea, see Citrus auran- ters into the composition of the temporal fos91.
    tium . This bone is thick and cellular. It is articulated
    MALABATH'RINUM. Ancient name of with the frontal , temporal , sphenoid, and su
    an ointment and a wine, into which the mala- perior point
    maxillary bones, and is developed by a
    of ossification .
    bathrum entered , single
    MALABA'T HRUM , Cadeji- Indi. The The part of the face rendered prominent by
    leaves of a tree of the East Indies. These this bone , the French call Pommelte .
    leaves entered into the theriac, mithridate, and MALAG'MA , from wałacow, I soſten .' An
    other ancient electuaries. They are believed to emollient cataplasm , and, in general, every
    be from a species of laurel—the Laurus Cassia ; local application which enjoys the property of
    but, according to others, from the Laurus Mala- softening organic tissues.
    bathrum . The O'leum Malabathri is obtained MALÄISE , Indisposition .
    from it. MALANDRIA . A species of lepra or ele
    MALACCÆ RADIX , Sagittarium alexi- phantiasis. — Marcellus Empiricus.
    pharmacum . MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with
    MALA'CIA , from malaria , ' softness.' A de- a species of lepra .
    pravation of taste, in which an almost universal MALAR PROCESS, Zygomatic process .
    loathing is combined with an exclusive longing To MAL'AXATE , Molli're, Subig'ere, Mal.
    for some particular article of food . If the pa- acissa're, ( F.) Malaxer, from pahadow , ' Isoften ,'
    tient desires substances that are not eatable or and padlooow. To produce the softening of
    noxious, it constitutes Pica , Pisso'sis, Pittosis, drugs , by kneading them .
    Heterorex'ia , Cissa, Cittosis, Depra'red ap'petite, MALÁZISSA'TUS, one in whom the testi
    Citta , Limo'sis Pica, Allotriopha'gia, Pella'cia, cles have not descended. It has, also, been
    Picacismus, Pica'tio. ( F.) Envie . These symp- used synonymously with emuscula'tus, and
    toms accompany several nervous affections, - muliera'tus.-Castelli.
    those of females in particular. In pregnancy MALE , Mas'culus. Of the sex that begets
    it is common ; and is termed Longing. young Not female . What belongs to the
    MALACISMUS , Mollities . male sex ; as the male organs of generation.
    MALACORIUM. See Punica granatum . Male, Axilla—m. Organ , Penis .
    MALACOSAR'COS, from malaxos , soft,' MALIASMOS , Malis.
    and oaos, flesh . One of a soft constitution : MALICHORIUM . See Punica granatuin .
    hab'itû corporis mollio'ri præditus.-- Galen . MALICORIUM . See Punica granatum .
    MALACOSIS CEREBRI, Mollities cerebri MALIG'NANT, Malignus, ( F.) Malin . A
    --m . Uteri, Hysteromalacia. term applied to any disease whose symptoms
    MALACOSTEON , Mollities ossium . are so aggravated as to threaten the destruction
    MALACTICA , Emollients. of the patient. A disease of a very serious
    MALACTICUM , Relaxant. character, although it may be mild in appear
    MALADE , Sick. ance ; — Morbus malignus.
    MALADIE , Disease — m . Anglaise, Hypochon- MALIN , Malignant.
    driasis - m . Bleue, Cyanopathy - m . deBright , MALING'ERER . A simulator of disease , is
    Kidney, Bright's disease of them. Glandulaire, soterined in the British military service .
    Elephantiasis Arabica-m. Imaginaire, Hypo- MALIS , Maliusmos, Cocyta , Cuta'neous ver .
    chondriasis -- m . imaginaire,Hysteria - m.Noire, mina'tion . The cuticle or skin infested with
    Melæna - m . du Pays, Nostalgia - m . Pédicu- animalcules,-.Phthiriasis, Parasitis'mus super
    laire, Phtheiriasis -- m . de Poti, Vertebral dis- ficiei. In Persia, this affection is produced by
    ease - m . Vénérienne, Syphilis — m . de Vénus, the Guinea Worm; in South America, by the
    Syphilis. Chigre; and in Europe, occasionally by the
    MALADIES ANNUELLES,Annual diseases Louse. See Phtheiariasis.
    -m . Chroniques, Chronic diseases — m . Connées,
    Malis DRACUNCULUS, Dracunculus-m. Gor
    Connate diseases — m. Dissimulets, Feigned dis- dii,Dracunculus
    eases -- m. Externes, External diseases — m.
    - m . Pediculi, Phtheiriasis.
    MALLEOLAR, Mailcola'ris, from Malleo
    Feintes, Feigned diseases — m . Innées, Innale lus, the ankle. ' Belonging or relating to the
    diseases-- m . Nerveuses, Nervous diseases - m . ankles.
    Simulées, Feigned diseases-m – . Supposées, The MALLEOLAR Arteries are two branches,
    Feigned diseases — m . Venteuses, Pneumatosis. furnished by the anterior libial about the in :
    MLADIF , Sickly . step ; the one--the internal - passes transverse
    MALADRERIE , Ladrerie . ly behind the tendon of the tibialis anticus to
    MALADY , ENGLISH , Hypochondriasis. be distributed in the vicinity of the malleolus
    MALÆ , OS, froin malum, 'an apple; ' so internus : —the other -- the external - glides be
    called from its roundness. Os Juga'le, Os Juga. hind the tendons of the crtensor communis dir
    men'tum , Os Géna , Zygoma, Os Zygomaticum , gitorum pedisand the peroneusbrevis,and sends
    ( F. ) 08 Malaire, Os Zygomatique, Osde la pom- its branches to the parts, which surround the
    mette. The cheek or malar bone. This bone is outer ankle, as well as to the outer region of
    situate at the lateral and superior part of the the tarsus.
    face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region or re- MALLEOLUS. Diminutive of mal'leus, ' a
    gion of the cheek . It is irregularly quadrilateral. mallet, (q. v . ) or hammer : ' Rasceta, Rasté'ta,
    Its outer surface is convex, covered by muscles Sphyra , Talus, Dial'cbos; the Ankle. ( F. ) Mal
    MALLET 430 MAMMA
    S
    léole, Cheville du Pied. The two projections cacy ; and the unripe is made into a pickle for ti
    formed by the bones of the leg at their inferior the use of the table.
    part. The inner belongs to the tibia : the outer Malus Limonia Acida , see Citrus medica
    to the fibula . The ankles afford attachment to m . Medica , see Citrus medica. T
    ligaments, and each has a sort of gutter, in MALVA , Malra sylves'tris,Mvulga'ris, Com
    which certain tendons slide . See Malleus. mon Mallow , ( F.) Mauve sauvage. The leaves
    11
    MALLET, Malleolus, ( F. ) Maillet . A kind and flowers are chiefly used in fomentations,
    of hammer, used , with a gouge , for removing cataplasms, and emollientenemata . Its proper
    or cutting bones , in certain surgical and ana- ties are demulcent. }
    co
    tomical operations. The Malva rotundifo'lia has like virtues ; as
    MAL'LEUS, Malleolus, Ossidulum Malleolo well as the other varieties.
    assimilatum , ( F. ) Marteau . The longest and MALVAVISCUM , Althæa .
    outermost of the four small bones of the ear. MALVERN, WATERS OF. The village
    It is situate at the outer part of the tympanum , of Great Malvern , in Worcestershire, England, 0
    and is united to the membrana tympani . It has, has for many years been celebrated for a spring
    1. An ovoid head, which is articulated, behind , of remarkable purity, which has acquired the
    with the incus, and is supported by a narrow name of the Holy.well. It is a simple carbonated
    part called the neck ; this has, anteriorly, a long water ; and is chiefly used externally, in cuta
    apophysis, which is engaged in the glenoid fis- neous affections.
    sure, and is called the Apophysis of Rau , and MAMA -PIAN . An ulcer of a bad aspect,
    Proces' sus grac''ilis. It affords attachment to which is the commencement of the pian ; and
    the anterior mallei muscle. 2. A hundle, which which , after having destroyedthe flesh , extends
    forms an obtuse angle with the neck, and cor- to the bones. It is also called the Mother of cf
    responds to the membrane of the tympanum , Pians ;—La mère des pians.
    which it seems to draw inwards . It is furnished MAMEI, Mamoe, Momin or Toddy Tree. From
    at its upper extremity, with a process -- the pro. incisions, made in the branches of this West In SP

    ces'sus breris, to which the internus mallei is dian tree, a copious discharge of pellucid liquor
    attached. This bone is developed by a single occurs, which is called momin or toddy wine. It 11
    point of ossification . is very diuretic,and is esteemed to be a good
    MALLEUS, SLENDER PROCESS OF THE, Grêle antilithic and lithontriptic. of
    apophyse du marteau . MAMELLE, Mamma.
    MALLOW , COMMON , Malva-mn . Com. MAMELON , Nipple.
    pound decoction of, Decoction malvæ composi- MAMELONS DU REIN , Papillæ of the kid
    tum . ney .
    MALO DI SCARLIEVO , Scherlievo . MAMILLA , Nipple. g
    MALOGRANATUM , Punica granatum . MAM'ILLARY, Mamilla'ris, from Mamilla ,
    MALPIG’HIA MOUREL'LA , ( F.) Moureil- ' a small breast, a nipple.' Se
    lier , Simarouba faur. The bark of this shrub- MAMILLARY EM'INENCE is a name given , 1 . 21
    a native of Cayenne - is reputed to be febrifuge, To more or less marked prominences on the in
    and useful in diarrhea. ner surface of the bones of the cranium , which $
    MALT, Sax . mealt , Dutch mout, Teut. correspond to the anfractuosities ofthe cranium .
    malt ; from avattu , soften , Maltum , Bra- 2. To white, round , medullary tubercles, of the
    lo
    sium , (F.) Drèche. Barley made to germinate, size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, ce
    for the purpose of forming beer. It has been behind the gray substance from which the Tige
    recommended in medicine, as antiscorbutic, pituitaire, of the French anatomists, arises.
    antiscrofulous, &c . 00
    These Mamillary Tu'bercles, Bulbes de la roûte à
    Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. trois piliers,Corpora albican'tia, C. Candican'.
    It is the basis ofmost of the spirituous cordials.tia, Willis's Glands, Tubercules pisiformes, (Ch.) 10
    MALTHA , Malthe, from uaduitw , ' I soften .' Eminentiæ candican'tes, Prio'rum crurum for'. tic
    Wax, particularly asoft wax. nicis bulbi, are united to each other by a small
    grayish band , which corresponds with the third la
    MALTHACTICA , Emollients .
    MALUM CANUM . See Pyrus cydonia- ventricle. They receive the anterior prolonga
    m.Coense, Averrhoa carambola - m . Cotoneum , tions of the fornix. Some ancient anatomists, be
    see Pyrus cydonia - m . Hypochondriacum , Hy taking the nervous trunks,to which Willis first
    pochondriasis- m . Hystericum , Hysteria-m. gave the name olfactory nerves,for simple ap
    İnsanum , see Solanum melongena - m . Ischiadi- pendages of the brain , called them , on account li
    cum , Neuralgia femora-poplitæa - m . Lazari, of their shape, Carun'culæ mamilla'res. Ve . Louis
    Elephantiasis . salius, Fallopius, Columbus, and several others,
    MALUM MORTUUM . A species of lepra , in termed them Processus mamilldres cer'ebri ad of
    which the affected portions of skin seem to be nares. 其
    struck with death. MAMMA, Masthos, Mazos, Thele, Titthos.
    Malum VENEREUM , Syphilis. The female breast, (Mammilla being the male
    MALUS AURANTIA MAJOR , Citrus breast ,) ( F. ) Mamelle. A glandular organ, pro BI
    aurantium . per to a class of animals — the mammalia -- and
    10
    Malus IN'DICA, Bilumbi biting -bing of Bon- intended for the secretion of milk . The mam
    tius. The juice of this East India tree is cool. mæ exist in both sexes, but they acquire a 29

    ing, and drunk as a cure for fevers. The much greater size in the female ; especially ta

    leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with during pregnancy and lactation. In women,
    rice , are famed in all sorts of tumours. The before the age of puberty , the breasts are but
    juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the cure little déveloped. At this period , however , to
    of diarrhea. The ripe fruit is eaten as a deli- wards the central part of each breast, the skin
    MAMMARY 431 MANGANESI

    suddenly changes colour and assumes a rosy , in number; and are distinguished into superior
    tint in young females. It is of a reddish brown and inferior. The superior external mummary,
    in women , who have suckled several children. First of the thoracics (Ch .), Superior external
    This circle has a rugous appearance, owing to thoracic, Superior thoracic, is furnished by the
    the presence of sebaceous glands, and is called axillary artery. It descends obliquely forwards
    Areolu or Aureola. These glands furnish an belween the pectoralis major and pectoralis mi
    unctuous fluid for defending the nipple from nor, to which it is distributed by a considerable
    the action of the saliva of the sucking infant. number of branches. mammary , the second of
    In the midst of the aureola is the nipple, a The inferior external
    conoidal eminence, of a rosy tint, susceptible the thoracics (Ch .), Long or inferior thoracic,
    of erection , and at the surface of which the arises from the axillary artery, a little below
    It descends vertically over the
    galactophorous ducts open. Besides the skin , the preceding: the
    lateral part of
    covering them , the breasts are , also , composed thorax ; curves, afterwards,
    of a layer of futty cellular tissue, more or less inwards ; becomes subcutaneous and divides
    thick ; of a large gland ; excretory ducts ; ves into a number of branches, which surround the
    sels, nerves , & c. See Mammary. breast. It gives branches to the pectoralis ma
    The breasts are called the bosom , (F.) Sein . jor, serratus major anticus, the intercostal mus
    6
    MAM'MARY, Mamma'rius, from mumma, cles, the glands of the axilla and the integu
    the breast .' Relating to the breasts. ments of the breast.
    MAMMARY ABSCESS, Mastodynia apostema- MAM'MARY SARCOMA , Mastoid sarcoma of
    tosa . Abernethy , Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum .
    The MAMMARY GLand is the secretory organ Tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam
    of the milk . It is situate in the substance of mary gland ; dense and whitish ; sometimes
    the breast to wbich it gives shape and size . softer and brownish ; often producing, on ex
    The tissue of this gland results from the as- tirpation , a malignant ulcer with indurated
    semblage of lobes of different size, united inti- edges . Found in various parts of the body
    mately by a dense cellular tissue. Each of and limbs.
    them is composed of several lobules, formed of The MAMMARY VEins follow the same course
    round granulations, of a rosy white colour and as the arteries, and have received the saine de
    of the size of a poppy seed. The glandular nominations. The internal mammury vein , of
    grains give rise to the radicles of the excretory the right side, opens into the superior cava ;
    canals of the mamma, which are called galac- that of the left, into the corresponding subcla
    tophorous or lactiferous. These excretory ves- vian vein. The external mammary reins open
    sels unite in ramusculi, rami, and in trunks of into the axillary vein .
    greater or less size ; collect towards the centre MAM'MEA AMERICA'NA . The syste
    of the gland ; are tortuous, very extensible, and matic name of the tree on which the mammee
    semitransparent. All terminate in sinuses, situ- fruit grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour
    ate near the base of the nipple, and which are when ripe ; and is much cultivated in Jamaica,
    commonly from 15 to 18 in number. These where it is generally sold in the markets as
    sinuses are very short, conical, and united by one of the best fruits of the island.
    cellular tissue . From their summits a fascicu- MAMMELLA , Nipple .
    lus of new ducts sets out, which occupy the MAMMIFORMIS , Mastoid .
    centre of the nipple and open separately at its MAMMILLA , Mamma ( male .)
    surface. The arteries of the mammary gland MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid .
    come from the thoracic ,axillary, intercostal, MAMOE , Mamei.
    and internal mammary . The veins accompany MANCHE D'HIPPOCRATE, Chausse .
    the arteries ; the nerves are furnished by the MANCURANA , Origanum .
    intercostals and brachial plexus; the lympha- MANDIBULA, Maxillary bone .
    tic vessels are very numerous and form two MANDRAGORA, Atropa mandragora.
    layers. They communicate with those of the MANDRAGORICTES, from wardyayoga, the
    thorax, and pass into the axillary ganglions. Atropa mandrugʻora or mandrake. Wine, in
    The MAMNARY ARTERIES are three in num- which the roots of mandrake have been infused .
    ber. They are distinguished into MANDRAKE , Atropa mandragora, Podo
    1. The Internal Mummary, Arte'ria sterna' phyllum peltatum .
    lis, A. Sous-sternal (Ch . ) , Internal thorad''ic. MANDUCATIO , Mastication .
    It arises from the subclavian and descends ob- MANDUCATORY NERVE . See Trige
    liquely inwards , from its origin to the cartilage mini.
    of the third rib. Below the diaphragin it di- MANGANESE, BLACK OXIDE OF, Te
    vides into two branches : the one external, the tror'ide of manganese, Muyne'sia nigra, Man
    other internal. From its origin until its bifur- gane'sium vitrario'rum , M. oryda'tum nali'rum
    cation , it gives branches to the muscles and seu nigrum , Mangane'sium ochru'ceum nigrum ,
    glands of ihe neck , to the thymus, mediasti. M.oxyda'tum nati'vum, Man'ganum oryda'tum
    num, pericardium, and æsophagus. In each nativum , Molybdu'num magne'sii, Oxo'dés man'.
    intercostal space, it gives off internal and exter- gani nati'va, Peror'ydum mangane'sii nigrumo
    nal musculo-cutuneous branches, and also, on nati'vum , Superor'ydum mangan'icum . This
    each side, the superior diaphragmatic. Its two oxide is not much used in medicine. It has
    ultimate branches are distributed in the parietes been advised to dust the affected parts, in tinea
    of the abdomen , and anastomose with the exter- capitis , with the powder.
    nal mammary, intercostal, lumbar, circumflexa MANGANESE, TETROXIDE OF , M. black oxide of.
    ilii, and epigastric arteries. MANGANESIT PEROXYDUM NIGRUM
    2. The External Maminary Arteries are two NATIVUM , Manganese, black oxide of.
    MANGANESIUM 432 MARASMUS
    MANGANESIUM OCHRACEUM N., of a substance capable of filling the hand. A
    GRUM , Manganese , black oxide of -- m . Oxy - bandful. See Fasciculus.
    datum nativum seu nigrum , Manganese, black MAN -MIDWIFE , Accoucheur.
    oxide of—m. Vitrariorum , Manganese, black MANNA , Briançon , see Pinus Larix--m. Ca
    oxide of. labrina , see Fraxinus ornus—m. Metallorum ,
    MANGANI OXODES NATIVA , Manga- Hydrargyri submurias.
    nese , black oxide of. MANNEQUIN , Fantom .
    MANGANICUM SUPEROXYDUM, Man- MANEUVRE (F.), from main , the hand,
    ganese , black oxide of. and puvre, work . ' ' Opera'tio chirur'gica vel
    MANGANUM OXYDATUM NATIVUM , obslet'rica . The practice of surgical or ob
    Manganese, black oxide of. stetrical operations on the dead body or phan .
    MĂNGIF'ERA IN DICA. The Mango tree. tom.
    ( F.) Manguier. A tree, cultivated over Asia MANSORIUS , Buccinator.
    and in South America. Mangos, when ripe, MANSTUPRATIO , Masturbation .
    are juicy ; of a good flavour ; and so fragrant MANTI'A , mantica , mantice, Martela, martıxm,
    as to perfume the air to a considerable distance. in English , mancy; a cominon suffix, denoting
    They are eaten , either raw or preserved with · divination .'
    sugar. From the expressed juice a wine is pre- MANTILE, Bandage (body .)
    pared ; and the remainder of the kernel can be MANTLE , Panniculus carnosus.
    reduced to an excellent flour for bread . MANUBRIUM , from manus, ' a hand .' The
    MANGO TREE , Mangifera indica. handle of any thing:-as
    : manu'brium mall ei ,
    MANGOSTAN , Garcinia mangostana ." • the handle of the malleus.'
    MANGOSTANA , Garcinia mangostana . MANUBRIUM , Chasse - m . Manus, Radius.
    MANGOUSTAN , Garcinia mangostana. MANULUVIUM , Bath , hand , Maniluvium .
    MANGUIER, Mangifera indica . MANUS, Cheir, ( F.) Main. The hand. The
    MANIA, Furor munia, (q. v .) Insa'nia , De part, which terminates the upper extreinity in
    lirium mani'ucum , Ecphro'nia munia , Delirium inan, and which is inservient to prehension and
    mania, D. furio'sum , Mania universa'lis, Vesa'- touch. It extends from the fold of the wrist to
    nia mania, Raving or furious madness; from the extremity of the fingers.
    Jairouai, ' I am furious ." With some, it means The hand is sustained by a bony skeleton,
    insan'ity. Disorder of the intellect, in which composed of a number of pieces, movable on
    there is erroneous judgment or hallucination , each other ; of muscles, tendons, cartilages,
    which impels to acis of fury. If the raving be ligaments, vessels, nerves, &c. It is divided
    not directed to a single object, it is mania pro- into three parts — the carpus or wrist, the meta
    perly so called ; if to one object, it constitutes carpus,and fingers. Its concave surface is called
    monomania . This term is, however, usually the palm ; the convex surface the back of the
    given to melancholia. hand. The facility of being able to oppose the
    Mania attacks adults chiefly ; and women thumb to the fingers in order to seize objects
    more frequently than men . The prognosis is forms one of the distinctive characters of the
    recover human hand .
    unfavourable . About one -third never ;
    and they who do, are apt to relapse. MANUS Christi PERLA'TA . A name, an
    Separation is one of the most effective means ciently given to troches,prepared of pearls and
    of treatment, with attention to the corporeal sugar of roses. They were called Manus Christi
    condition and every thing that can add to the sim'plices,when pearls were not employed.
    mental comfort of the patient; and turn his MANUS Der. An ancient plaster , prepared of
    thoughts away from the subjects of his delu- wat, myrrh, frankincense,mastich, Gum ammo
    sion . niac, Galbanum oil, & c . See Opium.
    In the violence of the paroxysms , recourse Manus Hepatis , Porta vena - m . Jecoris, Por
    must be had to the straight 'waistcoat, the ta vena – m . Parva major adjutrix,see Digitus.
    shower bath , & c. MANUSTUPRATIO , Masturbation .
    Separation should be continued for some MANYPLIES , Omasum .
    weeks during convalescence , with the view of MAPLE, Acer saccharinum .
    preventing a relapse. MARAIS, Marsh .
    Mania MELANCHOLICA, Melancholy-m . a MARANTA ARUNDINACEA, Arrow root.
    Pathemate, Empathema — m . a Potû , Delirium MARAN'TA GALAN'GA , Amo'mum galanya , Ga
    tremens -- m . a Temulentiâ , Delirium tremens. langa . The smaller galan'yal. Two kinds of
    MANIACUS. Maniodes . galangal are mentioned in the pharmacopæias ;
    MANICA HIPPOCRATIS , Chausse. - the greater, obtained from the Kæmpferia ga .
    MANIE SANS DÉLIRE, Empathema. langa , and the smaller, from the root of the
    MANIGUETTA , Amomum grana Paradisi. Maranta galunga . The dried root is brought
    MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot. from China, in pieces, from one to two inches
    MANILU'VIUM , Manulu'rium , froin manus, in length ,but scarcely half as thick ; branched ;
    ' the hand,' and lavo, ' I wash .' A bath for the full of knots and joints, with several circular
    hands . It may be rendered stimulating by rings , of a reddish brown colour, on the outside ,
    means of muriatic acid , mustard, & c . and brownish within . It was formerly much
    MANIOC, Jatroplia manihot. used as a warm stomachic bitter ; and generally
    MANIO’DES, Mani'acus. One labouring un- ordered in bitter infusions.
    der mania , a maniac . MARASCHINO . See Spirit.
    MANIPULATION , from manus, ' a hand .' MARASMUS, Atrophy - m . Phthisis, Phthi.
    Mode of working in the arts . sis pulmonalis -- m . Tabes, Tabes - m . Tabes
    MANIPULUS, ( F.) Poignéc . The quantity dorsalis , Tabes dorsalis
    MARATHRITES 433 MARSUPION

    MARATHRI'TES, from pagalpor, ' fennel.'' celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being
    Wine, impregnated with fennel. exhibited without drink , consisted of equal por
    MARATHROPHYLLUM , Peucedanum . tions of turlarized antimony and sulphule of
    MARATHRUM , Anethum-m. Sylvestre, copper.
    Peucedanum . MARRONIER D'INDE, Asculus Hippocus
    MARC, Magma. tanum .
    MARCASITA , Bismuth-m . Alba, Bismuth , MARROW, Myelos, Medulla , Medullary
    subnitrate of - m . Plumbea , Antimonium . Juice, Axungia de Mum'ia , Sax. merg, (F.)
    MARCASITÆ MAGISTERIUM , Bismuth , Moëlle, Suc médullaire. The oily , inflammable,
    subnitrate of. whitish or yellowish juice , which fills the me
    MARCHAN'TIA POLYMOR'PHA , Hepat . dullary canal of the long bones , the cancellated
    ica fonta'na, Lichen stella'tum, Jecora'riu, Lid- structure at the extremities of those bones,
    erwort. (F.). Hépatique des fontaines. This the diploe of flat bones, and the interior of
    plant is mildly pungent and bitter. It is recom- short bones. The marrow is furnished by the
    mended as a perient, resolvent, and antiscor- exhalation of the medullary membrane. It is
    butic ; and is used in diseased liver, &c. fluid during life , and appears under the form of
    MARCHE , LA , Walking . small points or brilliant grains, after death . It
    MARCHIONIS , PULUIS, Powder of the is enveloped in the medullarymembrane.
    Marquis. A powder, formerly considered to be MARROW , Spinal , Medulla spinalis — m . Ver
    anti-epileptic ; and composed of Male pæony tebral, Medulla spinalis.
    root, Mistletoe, Ivory shavings, Horn of the root MARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium-m. Noir,
    of the stag, Spodium , Tooth of the monodon , Ballota fætida.
    coral, foc. MARRU'BIUM , Marrubium vulga're, M. al
    MARCORES , Atrophy, Emaciation. bum, Horehound , Prasium, Phrasum . (F.) Mar
    MARE'S TAIL , Hippuris vulgaris. rube blanc. The leaves have a moderately
    MARGA CAN’DIDA, Lac lune. An ancient strong , aromatic smell ; and a very bitter, pe
    name for a variety of spongy, white, friable netrating, diffusive, and durable taste. It has
    marl , which was employed as an astringentotten been given in coughs and asthmas, united
    and refrigerant. with sugar . Dose, 3 ss to 3j , in infusion ; dose ,
    MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo. of extract, gr. x. to zss.
    MARGARITA, Pearl. FORD's Balsam OF HOREHOUND is made as
    MARGARON , Pearl . follows :-horehound, liquorice root, äā tbiij and
    MARGINI-SUS-SCAPULO -TROCHI- Zviij; water, q.8. to strain , lbvj. Infuse. To the
    TÉRIEN, Teres minor. strained liquor add :-proof spirit or brandy,
    MARGO , Bord . 1512 ; camphor, Zj and zij; opium and benjamin,
    MARGUERITE, PETITE , Bellis - m . desaā Zj; dried squills,zij; oil of aniseed, Zj;
    Près, grande,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum . honey, Ibiij and Zviij. — Gray. It is pectoral.
    MARIGOLD, DIAMOND, FIG, Mesembry- MARRUBIUM , Leonurus cardiaca — m . Nigrum,
    anthemum crystallinum - m . Garden, Calen- Ballota fætida.
    dula officinalis — m . Single , Calendula offici- MARS, Ferrum-m. Solubilis, Ferrum tar
    nalis- m. wild , Calendula arvensis. tarizatum .
    MARIS, papis. Ancient name of a measure , MARSH , Limnē, Helos, Palus, Sax. mesrc ,
    containing83 pints and 4 ounces. ( F.) Marais. Marshy districts give off emana
    MARISCA , Ficus, Hæmorrhois. tions, which are the fruitfulsource of disease,
    MARJOLAINE, Origanum majorana. and the cause of great insalubrity in many
    MARJORAM , COMMON , Origanum-m . Icountries. The chief disease , occasioned by
    wild, Origanum-m. sweet, Origanum majo- the malaria or miasm , (q. v .) is intermittent
    rana . fever. Hence it becomes important to drain
    MARJORANA, Origanum majorana – m . such regions, if practicable. " Marshy coun
    Mancurana, Origanum . tries are , however, not so liable to phthisis pul
    MARMALADE , Marmelade . monalis, and it has been found, that where
    MARMARYGO'DES, " brilliant.' An epi- intermittents have been got rid of by draining,
    thet, joined particularly to the word og ganuos ; consumption has, at times, become frequent.
    a brilliant eye , a flashing eye. The inost unhealthy periods for residence in
    MAR'MELADE, Marmela'da, Marmalade, a marshy district are during the existence of
    Miva. Parts of vegetables , confected with sugar, the summer and autumnal heats : at which
    and reduced to a pultaceous consistence . times the water becomes evaporated, and the
    MARMELADE OF Apricots. A marmelade, marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the
    prepared with two parts of ripe apricots de- sun's rays. This postulatum seemsnecessary for
    prived of their stones, and one part of white the production of the miasmata : for whilst the
    sugar. marsh is well covered with water, no miasm is
    MARMELADE OF TRONCHIN On of FERNEL. A given off.
    kind of thick looch , an agreeable taste, pre Marsh Poison , Miasm ( marsh.)
    pared with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds, MARSHMALLOW , Althæa.
    as much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very MARSUM , Mar'sium , Mar' sicum . An an
    fresh pulp of cussia, 16 grains of gum traga- cient wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used
    canth, an astringent in certain
    and two drachms of orangeflower water. as MARSUPIALIS, diseases of themonth .
    Ischio -trochanterianus, Ob
    It is used as a laxative , demulcent, and pectoral.
    MARMORYGE HIPPOCRATIS, Hemiopia. turator internus.
    MAROUTE , Anthemis cotula. MARSUPION, Marsyp'ion, Marsip'pon ,
    MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF. This once I Marsu'pium , Succulus. A sac or bag, with
    55
    MARSUPIUM 434 MASTOID

    which any part is fomented. Also, the ab. Masseteri'nus. Relating or belonging to the
    dominal pouch in the Kangaroo, Opossum , &c . massetermuscle .
    into which the young, born at a very early stage The MASSETERINE ARTERY arises from the
    of development, are received and nourished trunk of the internal maxillary or temporalis
    with milk secreted from glands contained within profunda posterior, and is distributed to the
    the pouches. Such animals are termed Marsu- masseter muscle, after having passed , horizon
    pial or Marsupiate. tally, through the sigmoid notch of the lower
    MARSUPIUM , Scrotum-m . Musculosum , jaw- bone .
    Dartos . The MASSETERINE VEin bas the same dis
    MARTEAU, Malleus. tribution as the artery. It opens into the inter
    MARTIALIS , Chalybeate . nal maxillary vein.
    MARTIANA POMA . See Citrus auran- The MASSET ERINE Nerve is given off from
    tium . the inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair.
    MARTIATUM UNGUENTUM , Onguent It passes through the sigmoid notch , and is dis
    de Soldat, Soldier's ointment. This was com- tributed on the inner surface of the masseter.
    posed of bay.berries, rue , marjoram , mint, sage, In luxation of the lower jaw , this nerve is
    w01mwood ,basil, olive oil, yellow wax ,and Ma- strongly stretched, and considerable pain, con
    laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and sequently , produced.
    was employed by soldiers as a preservative MASSETERINUS, Masseteric .
    against cold. MASSULA , Molecule.
    MARTIS LIMATURA , Ferri limatura, MASTALGIA , Mastodynia.
    MARUM CORTUSI, Teucrium marum- MASTEMA, Masticatory ,
    m . Creticum , Teucrium marum - m . Syriacum , MASTERWORT , Heracleum lanatum , Im
    Teucrium marum - m . Verum , Teucrium ma- peratoria .
    rum - m . Vulgare , Thymus mastichina. MASTESIS , Mastication .
    MASCHALE , Axilla. MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa .
    MASCHALISTER , Axis . MASTHOS , Mamma.
    MASCHALON CUS, from maoyain, ' the MASTICATION , Mastica'tio , Mase'sis,
    axilla,' and oyxos , 6a tumour.' A tumour or Masse'sis, Masse'ma, Maste'sis, Munduca'tio,
    bubo in the axilla . Communduca'tio, from yuotixao , I chew . The
    MASCULUS , Male. action of chewing or bruising food, to imprego
    MASESIS , Mastication. nate it with saliva, and prepare it for the diges
    MASK , Larva, ( F.) Masque. A bandage, ap- tion it has to undergo in the stomach. This is
    plied over the face , as a sort of mask , in cases executed by the joint action of the tongue ,
    of burns , scalds, or erysipelas . It serves to cheeks , and lips, which push the alimentary
    preserve the parts from the contact of air, and substance between the teeth ; and by the mo
    to retain topical applications in sitûn. It is made tions of the lower jaw it is cut, torn , or bruised .
    of a piece of linen , of the size of the face, in MAS'TICATOŘY , Masticalo'rium , Maste'
    which apertures are made corresponding to the ma, Diamaste'ma. Same etymon. A substance,
    eyes, nose, and mouth , and which is fixed by
    means of strings stitched to the four angles.
    chewed with the intention of exciting the se
    cretion of saliva .
    MASLACH , Amphion , An'fion. A medicine , MasticATORY NERVE. See Trigemini.
    much used by the Turks, and into the composi. MASTICH , see Pistacia lentiscus - m . Herb,
    tion of which opium enters. It is excitant. common, Thymus mastichina - m.Herb, Syrian,
    MASRUE , Mask, Teucrium marum - m . Tree , Pistacia lentiscus.
    MASS, pača, Maza, Massa , from uadow, I MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas
    mix .' The compound, from which pills have tichina .
    to be formed. MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Tricocephalus.
    MASSA, Mass -- m . de Dactylis, Paste, date MASTITIS APOSTEMATOSA , Mastodynia
    -m. de Extracto glycyrrhize , Pasta glycyr. apostematosa.
    rhizæ , &c .-m . de Gummi Arabico , Paste , MASTIX . See Pistacia lentiscus.
    marshmallow-m . de Zizyphorum fructû, Paste MASTODYN'IA , Mastal gia , from MlaOTOS ,
    of jujubes . ' the breast, and oduvn , pain .' Pain in the
    MASSAGE , Shampooing. breasts ; a sort of neuralgia.
    MASSEMA , Mastication. Mastodyn'IA APOSTEMATOSA , Phlegmond
    MASSES APOPHYSAIRES. See Vertebræ . Mamma, Masthelco'sis , Masti'tis apostemato'sa,
    MASSESIS , Mastication . Absces'sus Mamine, Phleg'mone Mastodyn'ia ,
    MASSE'TER , paoortre, from plagaoual , ' I Abscess of the Breast, Mam'mary Abscess. Phleg
    eat,' I chew ; ' Zygomato-maxillaire. A muscle, monous inflammation of the breasts, running on
    situate at the posterior part of the cheek, and to suppuration. It is one of the best examples
    lying upon the ramus of the lower jaw -bone. of acute pblegmonous inflammation, and re
    It is long, quadrilateral, and is attached , above, quires the active use of appropriate treatment.
    to the inferior edge and to the inner surface of MASTODYNIA POLYGALA , Sparganosis.
    the zygomatic arch ; below , it terminates at the MASTOID , Mastoi'des , Mammillaris, Papil
    angle of the jaw , and at the outer surface and li-aut-mammilli- formis , Mammiformis ; from
    inferior margin of the ramus of that bone. It partos, ' a breast,'and eidos, form , resemblance.'
    is composed of an intermixture of fleshy and Having the form of a nipple .
    aponeurotic fibres. Its office is to raise the lower The Mastoid or MAMMIFORM or MAM'MIL
    jaw , and to act in mastication . LARY PROCESS , is situate at the inferior and
    MASSETER INTERNUS, Pterygoideus internus . posterior part of the temporal bone, and gives at
    MASSETER'IC , Mas'seterine, Masseter'icus. tachment to the digastric and mastoid muscles .
    MASTOIDEUS 435 MATRASS

    MASTOID , Mastoideus. That which relates to Perhaps the best classification would be one
    the mastoid process. the articles
    founded on the agency exerted byarrangement
    The Mastoid Cells , Antrum mastoidcum , on the different tissues; but this ,
    Mastoid Sinus. These are situate in the mass in the present state of science, is by no means
    toid process ; communicate with each other, and easy ; and , moreover , the action of medicines
    open into the cavity of the tympanum . Their is so associated with certain terms,-as nar
    use seems to be, to increase the intensity of cotics, tonics, sedatives, & c ., employed to de.
    sound . note certain operations, which they are esteemed
    The Mastoid Fossa , (F.) Gouttière mastoz. capable of producing , that, to abandon them .
    dienne, is a depression atthe inner surface of the would be to throw obstacles in the way of the stu .
    mastoid portion of the temporal bone, which dent, without the ultimate advantage accruing
    forms part of the lateral sinus. to him —of possessing a better knowledge of the
    The Mastoid AP'ERTURE :—the opening of modus operandi of medicines than when a classi
    communication between the cavity of the tym- fication ,somewhat resembling those usually em
    panum and the mastoid cells, braced, is adopted .
    The Mastoid PORTION OF THE TEM'PORAL The following is the classification given by
    Bone , is that part which bears the mastoid pro- the Author, in his “ General Therapeutics ,'
    cess .
    The Mastoid or Dig As'Tric GROOVE , (F. ) ( Philadelphia, 1836 :)
    Rainure mastoidienne ou digastrique, is a groove , CLASSIFICATION OF THERAPEUTICAL AGENTS .
    situate at the inner side of the mastoid process, Excitants proper,
    which affords attachment to the posterior belly
    Topics ,
    of the digastric muscle. Anthelmintics,
    The MASTOID FORA'MEN is situate behind the Astringents ,
    mastoid process , and gives passage to a small Emetics,
    Cathartics .
    artery of the dura mater, as well as to a vein Increasing Emmenagogues,
    actionge
    which opens into the lateral sinus. Exci Abortives,
    nerally or
    Mastoid Muscle , POSTERIOR , Splenius. I. VITAL
    tants
    locally or Diaphoretics,
    MASTOIDEUS , Sterno-cleido-mastoideus AGENTS .
    both . Errhines,
    m. Lateralis, Complexus minor. Sialogogues,
    Diuretics,
    MASTOIDO : CONCHINIEN , Retrahens Expectorants,
    nuris — m . Génien , Digastricus — m . Hyogénien , Sorbefacients,
    Revellents ,
    Digastricus - m . Oriculaire, Retrahens auris. Antispasmodics.
    MASTONCUS , from 400tos, ' the breast,' Diminish- Sedatives proper ,
    and ογκος ,, a tumour .' A tumefaction of the Seda- ing action Narcotics ,
    nipple , or of the breast itself. tives. directly or Refrigerants ,
    MASTRUPATIO , Masturbation . indirectly. ( Nauseants.
    Antacids,
    MASTURBATION , Mastuprdtio, Manu- II. CHEMICAL Antalkalies,
    stupra'tio Manstupra'tio , from manus,“the hand ,' AGENTS . Autilitbics,
    Disinfectants.
    and stupro, 1 ravish. ' Onania , Oʻnanism , Vol . II. MECHANICAL Demulcents ,
    untar Polhi
    y
    soi-même, 'tion,
    Attou
    Self-Pollution, (F.) Abus de AGENTS . Diluents .
    chement. Excitement of the
    genital organs by the hand. of old , the Materia Medica, consisted of
    MAT, ( F.) Dull. A dull sound, Son mat. The more articles than at present. The tendency ,
    obscure noise , afforded when any part, as the indeed, is , and must be , to diminish it still far
    chest, is percussed in several diseases. It has ther : to get rid of those articles which possess
    been compared to that produced when the thigh no advantages over others equally common , or
    is struck . It is opposed to the Son clair, or whose properties are doubtful.
    • clear sound .' In a Dictionary, it becomes necessary to
    MATÉ. See Ilex Paraguensis . insert all that have been reputed to possess
    MATER HERBARUÑ , Artemisia vulgaris virtues; but the majority are unnecessary.
    -m .Metallorum ,Hydrargyrum—m. Perlarum , The catalogue might be largely reduced , with
    see Pearl . impunity.
    MATERIA , Matter-m . Fibrosa, Fibrine. MATÉRIAUX IMMÉDIATS, Principles , im
    Mate'ria MED'ica, Pharmacologia, Phar- mediate .
    macology, Acology or Akology, Hyle Iatrice, MATERIES, Matter.
    lumatology, (F.) Matière Médicale. The division MATIÈRE , Matter - m . Extractive du Bouil .
    of medical science, which treats of the know- lon , Osmazome - m . Médicale, Materia Medica
    ledge of medicines ; their action on the animal -m . Perlée de Kerkring, Antimonium diapho.
    economy, and mode of administration . reticum-m. Pulionaire noire, see Pulmo.
    The study of the Materia Medica is one of MATLOCK , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    great importance :-it is a study of the tools, Matlock is a village in Derbyshire, England ,
    with which the practitioner has to work in the to which there is a mineral spring of the acidu
    care of disease . lous class. Temperature 66º . It differs but
    Much labour has been spent in contriving little, except in temperature, from good spring
    classifications of the Materia Medica. Some water . It is generally used as a tepid bath .
    bave arranged the articles , according to their MATONIA CARDAMOMUM ,Amomum car .
    natural resemblance : others, according to their damomum .
    real or presumed virtues ; others, according to MATRACIUM , Matrass.
    their active constituent principles. The Phar . MATRASS, Matracium . A glass vessel with
    marcopæias place them alphabetically . a long neck ; and a round , and sometimes oval ,
    MATRES CEREBRI 436 MAXILLARY

    body. It may be furnished with tubulures or Ford men infra -orbita'rium , Zygomatic pro
    not. It is used in Pharınacy for distillation , di- cess, Canine fossa , Myr'tiform fossa . 2. Inter
    gestion,& c. nally - The Palatine process, Anterior pal'atine
    MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges. canal, and the Antrum of Highmore. " Its cir
    MATRICAIRE , Matricaria. cumference is very unequal , and it has behind
    MATRICA'RIA , from matriz, “ the womb;' a round , unequal prominence called the Mazil
    so called from its reputed virtues in affections lary tuberos'ity, which is pierced by the poste'
    of that organ. Matrica'ria Parthenium , Par- rior dental canal. Anteriorly , is a notch , which
    the'nium febrif'ugum ,Argyrocha'ta,Chrysoc'alis, forms part of the anterior aperture of the nasal
    Fever-fer, Feather-few , Mother-wort, (F.) Matri- fossæ , and beneath, an eminence called the
    caire. It resembles, in its properties, chamo anterior nasal spine. The lower part of this
    mile and tansy ; and , like them , has been es- circumference formsthe alreolar margin.
    teemed tonic, stomachic , resolvent, emmena- Each superior maxillary bone is articulated
    gogue, vermifuge, & c. It is not much used . with the ethmoid, frontal, nasal , lachrymal,
    MATRICA'ria Chamomil'LA, Cham @me'lum palatine, inferior spongy , vomer, its fellow , the
    Vulga'rē, Chamomilla nostras, Leucan'themum teeth of the upper jaw , and sometimes with the
    of Dioscorides; Wild Corn , Dog's Cham'omile, sphenoid bone. It is developed by four or five
    (F.) Camomille vulgaire. It resembles the Ma- points of ossification .
    tricaria in properties. The lower jaw-bone, Os Marilla're inferius,
    MATRICARIA , Anthemis nobilis . Machoire diacranienne, Maxilla inferior, Os
    MATRICE, Uterus - m . Col. de la, Collum marillaire, (Ch. ,) is a symmetrical,nearly para
    uteri . bolic bone, the middle portion of which is hori
    MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata. zontal and called the body ; the posterior verti
    MATRIX , Uterus . cal , and angular portions being termed Rami or
    MATRONA, Midwife. branches. These have behind a parotidean
    MATRONALIS , Viola. edge, which forms — by uniting with the base
    MATTEE . See Ilex Paraguensis. the angle of the jaw . The branches terminate
    MATTER, Materia, Hylē, Mate'ries, (F.) above, by two processes, separated by the sig.
    Matière. Any substance which enters into the moid notch or fossa ; the anterior of which is
    composition of a body. In Medicine, it is some- called the coronoid ; the posterior, the condyloisl
    times applied to the substance of evacuations; process or murillary condyle, supported by a
    and is also used synonymously with pus . Cervix , Collum , or Neck . The chief parts ob
    MATURA"TION , Matura'tio, from matura're, served on the lower jaw are - 1. Externally,
    * to ripen ;' Pepas'mos, Pepan'sis. Progression the Sym 'physis menti, Apoph'ysis menti, Mental
    of an abscess towards maturity . The state of foramen , and the external oblique hne.—2. In
    maturity . Coction, ( q. v .) ternally, —the Geniapoph'ysis, the internal or
    MAT’URATIVE, Matu'rans, Pepanlicos . A Myloid oblique lines, and the entrance of the
    medicine which favours the maturation of an dental canal.
    inflammatory tumour. The lower jaw has , also, an alveolar edge,
    MATU'RÍTY, Matu'ritas. The state of fruits which contains alveoli for the reception of the
    and seeds, when completely developed . State teeth.
    of an abscess , in which the pus is completely The lower jaw bone is developed by two
    formed . points of ossification, which unite at the sym
    MATURITY, PRECOCIOus , Præotia . physis of the chin . It is articulated with the
    MAUDLIŃ , Achillea ageratum-m, Tansey, temporal bones and with the teeth .
    Achillea ageratum-m . Wort, Crysanthemum The MAXILLARY ARTERIES are three in num
    leucanthemum . ber. 1. The external maxillary. See Facial.
    MAUVE SAUVAGE, Malva. 2. Internal maxillary - A . Gutturo -maxillaire,
    MAX'ILLARY,Marilla'ris,from mazilla , ' a (Ch .) This arises from the external carotid
    jaw . Relating or belonging to the jaws ; from with the temporal. It is remarkable for its
    prandau), ' I chew. complex course, and for the number of branches
    MAXILLARY Bons,Maxilla, Mandibula , Sia- which it transmits to the deep- seated parts of
    gon, jaw ,' ( F ) Machoire. A name given to the face. Immediately after its origin , it buries
    iwo bones, which support the teeth , and which , itself under the neck of the lower ji w , curving
    by means of them , are inservient to the cutting, inwards and downwards. It then advances
    bruising, and tearing of alimentary substances. directly inwards; proceeding in the space be.
    The jaw -bones are two in number. tween the two pterygoid muscles towards the
    1. The upper jaw -bone, supe'rior mar'illary marillary tuberosity . It turns again, becomes
    bone, Maxilla superior, Os marilla'rē supe'rius, vertical, and ascends into the bottom of the
    Marilla syncra'nia, Os sus-marillaire, (Ch . ,) zygomatic fossa, until, having arrived at the
    Muchoire syncranienne. The upper jaw -bones floor of the orbit, it takes a horizontal and
    are to the face what the sphenoid bone is to the transverse direction ; enters the spheno-maxil
    cranium . They are articulated with all the lary fossa, and divides into seyeral branches.
    portions composing it. They determine , almost See Artery . (Table.)
    alone , the shape of the face, and give it solidity. The MAXILLARY Veurs present the same ar
    Their size is considerable ; form unequal. They rangement as the arteries they accompany ,
    occupy the middle and anterior part of the The MAXILLARY NERVES are two in number,
    face ; and enter into the composition of the and formed of the second and third branches
    nasal fosse , orbit , and mouth . The chief parts of the fifth pair.
    observable in the upper jaw , are , 1. Erlernally The SUPERIOR MAXILLARY Nerve , Nerf sus.
    --The Nusul process, ( F ) Apophyse montante, marilluire, ( Ch .,) arises from the middle of the
    MAXILLO - ALVÉOLI- NASAL 437 MEDIASTINUM

    gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair ; passes MECHOACHAN DU CANADA, Phytolacca


    forwards and issues from the cranium through decandra .
    the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone ; MECON, Papaver.
    enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which it MECO'NIUM, from urzov ,' a poppy;' Poppy
    crosses horizontally ; passes into the infra -orbi- juice. Papaverculum , Purgamen'ta Infantis.
    tar canal , which it traverses ; and makes its The excrement passed by the infant a short
    exit to vanish on the cheek . It gives off the time after birth , which had accumulated in the
    following branches: the orbitar ,a branch which intestines during pregnancy. It is of a green .
    goes to the spheno-palatine ganglion ; posterior ish or deep black colour, and very viscid . It
    dental branches; the anterior dental,-and termi- seems formed of the mucous secretions of the
    nates in the infra -orbitar nerves— which are di- intestines mixed with bile . See Opium.
    vided into superior,inferior, internal and external. MEDEA , Genital organs.
    The inferior marillary nerde, Nerf marillaire , MEDECIN , Physician.
    (Ch.,) is the largest of the three branches, fur MÉDECINE, Medicina-m. Expectante, Ex
    nished by the fifth pair. It issues from the pectation - m . Légale, Medicine , legal.
    cranium by the foramen ovale of the sphenoid. MEDELA , Curation .
    Having reached the zygomatic fossa, it divides MEDIAN , Media'nus ; from medium ,' the
    into two trunks ; the one superior and external, middle.' That which is situate in the middle.
    which gives off the temporales profundi, masse Median Line. A vertical line , supposed to
    terine, buccal and pterygoids; the other — infe- divide a body longitudinally into two equal
    rior and internal — the larger of the two , which parts ; the one right , the other left. Chaussier
    furnishes the inferior dental, lingual, and au- calls the linea alba the ligne médiane of the
    ricular. abdomen .
    MAXILLO - ALVÉOLI-NASAL, Depressor The MediaN NERVE , Médian digital, ( Ch .)
    alæ nasi-m . Labial, Depressor anguli orism. This nerve arises chiefly from the anterior
    Narinal, Compressor naris — m . Palpebral, Or- branches of the last two cervical nerves and
    bicularis palpebrarum - m . Scléroticien ,Obliquus first dorsal. The fifth and sixth cervical pairs
    inferior oculi. also send it a branch , which separates from the
    MAYAPPLE, Podyphyllum peltatum — m . musculo-cutaneous nerve. The median nerve
    Weed , Anthemis cotula. descends along the inner part of the arm along
    MAYELLA , Curcuma longa. the biceps muscle . Opposite the elbow joint it
    MAZA , Mass. buries itself behind the aponeurosis of that mus
    MAZISCH'ESIS , from maza, (with some,) cle , and engages itse i between the two fas.
    the placenta,' and oyeois , holding,' reten- ciculi of the pronator teres. Lower down , it is
    tion .' Retention of the placenta. situate between the flexors-sublimis and pro
    MAZOS, Mamma. fundus—and passes , with their tendons, under
    MEAD , Hydromeli , Melizomum. the anterior annular ligament; it then divides
    MEADOW SAFFRON , VINEGAR OF, into five branches, which are distributed to the
    muscles of the thenar eminence, to the lumbri
    Acetum colchici - m . Sweet, Spiræa ulmaria.
    MEASLES,
    beola
    Rubeola - m . Black, see Ru- cales, the integuments of the thumb, the index ,
    . middle finger, and outer part of the ring finger.
    MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome . This nerve gives no branches to the arm . In
    MEATUS, Canal-m. Auditorius externus,the forearm , it furnishes filaments to all the
    Auditory canal , external -- m . Auditorius inter- pronator and fexor muscles ; and one of them
    nus,Auditory canal, internal - m . Cæcus , Eusta- accompanies the anterior interosseous artery.
    chian tube—m. Narium, see Nasal fossa - m . It also gives off a filament to the integuments
    Seminales uteri, Tubæ fallopiane - m . Semina- of the palın of the hand.
    rius, Corpus highmori-in . Urinarius , Urethra . MediaN VEINS. Three of the superficial
    MECHAMEEK , Convolvulus panduratus. veins of the forearm are so called . The me.
    MECHANE , Machine. dian basilic — the median cephalic and common
    MECHANEMA , Machine. median or Funis brachii. See Basilic and Ce.
    MECHAN'ICAL , Mechan'icus, from ungarn , phalic .
    " a machine . ' An epithet given to irritating MEDIANUM , Mediastinum .
    bodies, which do not act chymically - as a me- MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis.
    chanical irritant. MEDIASTINUM CEREBRI, Falx cerebri
    Mechanical or Iatro -mathematical Physicians, -m. Cerebri , Septum lucidum .
    are such as refer every function ,healthy or mor- MEDJASTI'NUM , quasi, in medio stans, as be
    bid , to mechanical or mathematical principles. ing in the middle. Mesod'mē, Media'num , Sep
    MECHAN'ICS, ANIMAL . That part of tum thora'cis, Hymen Diaphratton, Membra'na
    physiology, whose objects are to investigate Thora'cem intersepiens. A membranous septum
    the laws of equilibrium and motion of the ani- formed by the adossement of the pleura ; di
    mal body . viding the chest into two parts , the one right, the
    MECH'ANISM. The structure of a body ; other left. The mediastinum , formed by a
    the collection or aggregate of the parts of a double reflection of the pleura, extends froni
    machine ; the mode in which forces produce the spine to the posterior surface of the ster
    any effect, & c . num . Its anterior part, called the Anterior me
    MÈCHE, Tent. diastinum , Mediastinum pectora'le, lodges, at its
    MECHOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus upper part, the thymus gland in the fætus,and
    jalapa. is filled below with fatty , cellular tissue . Its
    MECHOACANÆ RADIX, Convolvulus posterior part, parallel to the spine, is occupied
    mechoacan . by the æsophagus, vena azygos, thoracic duct,
    MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE 433 MEDULLA

    the lower part of the windpipe , the origin of vation of the species, and the administration of
    the bronchia and a number of lymphatic glands.justice.
    This part is called the posterior mediastinum- MEDICINIER CATHARTIQUE, Jatropha
    curcas .
    Mediastinum dorsa'le. 1
    The MediastinAL ARTERIES are very deli- MEDICUS , Doctor , Physician - m . Unguen i
    cate arterial branches, distributed in the cellu- tarius, Iatraleptes — m . Vulnerarius , see Deliga 1
    lar texture of the mediastinum . They are dis- tion - m . Vulnerum , Surgeon. 1
    tinguished, according to their situation , into MEDIM'NUS, Medim 'nos, redturos. An an
    anterior and posterior. cient measure, capable of containing about 4
    MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, Medicine , pecks and 6 pints. 4

    legal. MEDITULLIUM , Diploe.


    MEDICAMENT, Medicamentum , Reme'. ME'DIUS . Middle , median . &
    dium , Ac'esis, Aces’ma, Acos,Medica'men , Phar'. The Middle FINGER , (F.) Doigt du milieu , I
    macum . Medicine, Physić, Rem'edy, Alkar, is between the index and ring finger.
    Auxilium , Boëthe'ma, from medicare, ' to cure MEDLAR , Mespilus.
    or heal. A medicine. Any substance, exhi. MEDO , Hydromeli. d
    bited with the view of curing or allaying mor. MEDOBLENNORRHEA , Leucorrhea . th
    bid action . Medicines are obtained from the MEDORRHEA , Gonorrhæa, -m . Femina
    three kingdoms of nature , and are divided into rum insons, Leucorrhæa. 2
    internal and external , according as they are ad . MEDULLA , Marrow ,-m. Dorsalis , m . Spi
    th
    ministered internally or applied externally , nalis.
    MEDICAMENTOʻSUS LAPIS, Medicinal MEDUL'LA OBLONGA'TA . Cerebral protu'be
    stone, ( F. ) Pierre médicamenteuse. A name , rance , Nervous system of the senses, (Gall.) Cer'.
    formerly given to a mixture of perotyd of iron ; ebrum elonga'tum , Mésocephale, (Ch .) (F.)
    litharge; alum ; nitre ; sal ammoniac ; and vine- Moëlle allongée. The medullary substance , that le
    gar ; evaporated and calcined at a red heat for lies within the cranium upon the basilary pro
    an hour. The product was regarded as emi- cess of the occipital bone. The anterior sur th
    nently astringent. face, which rests in the basilary groove , is im br
    MEDICAMENTUM , Drug-m . ex Palmu. pressed by the basilary artery. At the upper
    lis , Diaphenicon . IO
    extremity , and on its posterior surface are the
    p!
    MEDICAS’TER, Medicastra. An ignorant Tubercula quadrigemina. At the same extremity,
    practitioner. A cliarlatan . the medulla gives rise to two prolongations , the er
    MEDICATION , from mederi, ' to remedy .' peduncles of the brain , separated from each
    The change in the animal economy produced other by the mammillary eminences and be .
    90
    by the operation of remedies. Treatment by coming lost in the optic thalami. The lower ex A
    medicine. tremity is called the tail or Rachid'ian bulb , and RE
    MEDICINA, Med'icine, Ars med'ica. The is continuous with the medulla spinalis. It is
    healing art, Res medica , Ars Machao'nia , Iat'- to this part only that some anatomists apply the 610
    rice, Jater’ia, latrotechnice, Physic. ( F.) Méde- name Medulla oblongata. From the posterior ta
    cine. A science, the object of which is the angles two other prolongations arise, called Pe ch
    cure of disease and the preservation of health . duncles of the cerebellum .
    Occasionally, it is used to comprehend all the The medulla oblongata has several eminences lo
    branches of the healing art ; at others to com--the Pons varolii, Corpora pyramidalia, C.
    prise one great division , in contradistinction to olivaria, & c. (q . v. ) —and it has a longitudinal
    surgery and obstetrics . Medicine, in this sense , fissure before, and another behind , called the
    includes many branches ; —the chief of which anterior and posterior median fissures.
    are , Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Thera- Medul'la Spina’lis,Æon , Notia'us, Medul'.
    peutics, Hygiene, Materia Medica , and Phar- la rertebra'lis, Proces'sus rachidid'nus, Sacra
    macy. fis'tula, Spinal prolonga'tion , Ver'tebral mar. ер
    Medicine is, also, used in the same sense as row , Spinal cord, The nerroussystem of volunta
    Medicament (q . v.) and for a purging potion. ry motion and tactile impression (Gall. The spi. be
    Medicina CONSERVATIVA , Hygiene - m . Diæ nal marrow , Medulla dursa'lis, ( F.) Moëlle épi.
    tetica , Dietetics - m . Efficax, Surgery - m . Fo- nière, Moëlle vertébrale, called by Chaussieur,
    rensis, Medicine, legal - m . Hermetica, see Prolongement rachidien of the encephalon, is the
    Spagirists — m . Operativa, Surgery – m . Sinica, continuation of the medulla oblongata. It com .
    Chinese medicine — m. Spagirica ,see Spagirists mences at the foramen magnum of the occipi Po
    --m . Tristitie , Crocus. tal bone, and descends in the vertebral canal as
    MEDIC " INAL , Medicina'lis. Having a reme. low as the 2d lumbar vertebra , without filling
    dial power ; -- as medicinal plants, & c . it ; presenting, in its course , several evident
    MEDICINA'les Dies , Medic''inal days. Days enlargements. It is grooved , on both its ante
    on which the ancients considered that reme- rior and posterior surfaces, by a furrow , which de
    dies might be administered ; and especially divides it, in its whole length , into two great
    evacuants. Such days were not esteemed cri- nervous cords, intimately united with each
    tical , other . It terminates by an oval tubercle , lo
    MEDICINE , Medicament-m. Galenic , Ga- whence a number of nerves set out, called
    lenism . Cauda equina , ( F. ) Queue de cheval, from its at
    Men'icine , LEGAL, Med'ical jurisprudence of resemblance to a horse's tail . The spinal mar
    some, Law med'icine, Forensicmedicine, Medici'- row has no analogy , as regards its structure,
    na foren'sis. ( F. ) Médecine légale. The ap- with the marrow of long bones. It is formed
    plication of medical knowledge to the solution of two substances; one white , the other gray,
    of every question connected with the preser- presenting an inverse arrangement to that
    MEDULLARY 439 MELANCIILOROS

    which they have in the brain, the white being MEL, usin, Meli, Niliacum , Honey, (F.) Miel.
    external, the cineritious at the centre. It is A substance , of a mucoso-saccharine nature ,
    enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous membrane, prepared by the Apis mellifica or common bee ,
    very resisting, and which seems to be continued which collects it from the nectaries of Powers.
    insensibly from the pia mater, and by two other Honey is employed as aliment, condiment, and
    membranes, which are merely prolongations of medicine. It is demulcent and aperient ; and
    the arachnoid and dura mater. See Nerve. is employed as an adjunct to gargles in cy
    MEDULLA VERTEBRALIS , M. spinalis. nanche tonsillaris , & c. It is, at times , used as a
    6
    MED'ULLARY, Medulla'ris, from medulla, detergent to foul ulcers. Virgin Honey, (F. )
    marrow . Relating to the marrow or analo- Miel vierge , is that which flows from the wax
    gous to marrow . spontaneously.
    MEDOLLARY JUICE , Marrow-m . Sarcoma , Hill's Balsam Of Honey is formed of bal
    Hæmatodes fungus. sam. tolu. Ibj, honey, thj, rectified spirit, one gal .
    The MEDULLARY SYSTEM. Bichat gives this lon . It was long a celebrated empirical pec
    name to the marrow and its membranes. He toral .
    distinguishes two species ofmedullary systems ; MEL ACETATUM , Oxymel - m . Ægyptiacum ,
    the one occupies the cellular tissue at the ex- Ægyptiacum - m . Aerium, Fraxinus ornus.
    tremities of the long bones and that of the fat Mel Bora'cis, Mel subbora'cis, Colluto'rium
    and short bones ; the other is found merely in adstrin'gens, Linimen'tum de Bora'tē, L. ad
    the central canal of long bones. aphthas, Mel Boraxa'tum , Linctusde Bora'cē, L.
    MEDULLARY MEMBRANE, Perios'teum Inter'- ad aphthas. Honey of Boraz. ( Boracis contrit.
    num. A vascular ,areolar web of extreme te- 3j , mellis despumati 3 ), M. Ph. L.) Detergent.
    nuity, which envelops the marrow and lines Applied to the mouth in aphthous affections.
    the inner surface of the medullary canal of the Mel CANNÆ, Saccharum ( non purificatum ) ,
    long bones. This membrane has been con- m. Coctum, Pelicide.
    sidered as a species of internal periosteum of Mel DESPUMA'TUM, Clar'ified Honey, Ana.
    those themselves
    bury bones. " It inhasthenumerous vessels,
    thickness of thewhich phrom'eli,
    mar- in a water (F.)
    bath,Miel
    and clarifié.
    remove theMeltscum
    the. honey
    Uses
    row ; and others which nourish the innermost the same as honey, (q . v . )
    plates of the bone. Mel RosÆ, Mel rosa'tum , Melli'tum de Rosis,
    MEDULLARY AR'Teries. The arteries, which Honey of Roses, Rhodom'eli, Rhodostac'ton , ( F. )
    enter bones and pass to the marrow. Miel rosat, Mellite de Roses . ( Rosa gullic. pe
    MEGALANTHROPOGENESIS, from ale talor. ersicc . Ziv , aqua fero .Ibiij, mellis despum.
    yas , 'great,' av9owroş, 'man ,'and yeveoiş , ' birth . ' bv . Infuse the roses for six hours : add the
    A term , used by a French physician, named strained liquor to the honey, and boil to a pro
    Robert, to designate the art of procreating great per consistence in a water bath . Ph. L.)
    As
    men ; men of mind ; men of genius. He con- tringent and detergent. Used chiefly in gar
    sidered that they may be perpetuated by always gles and washes foraphthæ , &c.
    taking care to have talented men united to MEL SCILLÆ, Oxymel scillæ .
    clever women ! Honey Water is a mixture of essences , co
    MEGALOCELIA , Intestine, great, Mega- loured with saffron . A little honey is added to
    losplanchnia. communicate a clamminess ; the effect of which
    MEGALOPHO'NIA , from meyas, melayn, is to make it retain the scent the longer. It is
    great,' and porn , 'voice .' A full, strong voice . used as a scent .
    MEGALOSPLANCH'NOS, Megalosplanch MELÆ'NA, Melanorrhag''ia , Melanchldrus,
    nus, from weyados, great,' and onayxrov, ' a Melanic'terus,
    Melas lc'terus, from uehas, ' black .'
    viscus.' Megalocælia . Hippocrates applies the The Black Vomit; the Black Jaundice, Morbus
    epithet to those in whom the viscera, or any niger, (F.) Maladie noire, Méline, Ictère noire.
    viscus is tumid. Some have used the substan. A name given to vomiting of black matter, or
    tive Megalosplanchnia , for the tumour itself. dinarily succeeded by evacuations of the same
    MEGALOSPLENIA , Splenoncus. character. It seems to be often a variety of
    MEGETHOS, Stature . hæmatemesis. The Black Vomit in yellow fever
    MEGRIM , Hemicrania.
    is owing to ofa morbid
    MEIBOʻMIUS,GLANDS OF, Follicles of M., membrane secretion
    the stomach from the
    and small lining
    intestine.
    Palpebral Follicles, Ciliary F. , Glan'dula se. Melæna also signifies hemorrhage from the in.
    bd cere cilia'res vel Meibomia 'ne ,( F.) Follicules testines.
    palpébraux ou ciliaires, Glandes de Meibomius. Melæna FungosA CARCINODES , Hæmatodes
    Small, sebaceous follicles, called after Henry fungus.
    Meibomius, although known long before his
    description of them . They are situate in special MELALEU'CA LEUCADENDRON This
    grooves in the tarsal cartilages; and are ranged and the M. Cajaputi afford the Cajeput Oil ( see
    by the side ofeach other, in the form of yel. Cajeput.) The leaves are esteemed diuretic,
    lowish , parallel, and vertical lines ; sometimes stomachic, and emmenagogue.
    straight, at others , tortuous . They may be seen MELAMPHYLLUM , Acanthus mollis.
    at the inner surface of the eyelids , through the MELAMPODIUM, Helleborus niger.
    conjunctiva, and secrete a sebaceous humour, MELANAGOGUE , Melanagoʻgus, from
    called Lippitudo, Gum, (F.) Chassie. nehaş, ' black , ' and ayw , 'I expel . ' A medicine ,
    MEIOSIS , imminu'tio , Minuthe'sis. The which the ancients believed adapted for ex
    period of a disease, in which the symptoms pelling black bile or melancholy.
    beginto diminish ; - the decline. MELANCHLO'ROS, from pedas, ' black ,'
    MEIUROS, Myurus.. and xawpos, ' green . ' The ancients gave this
    MELANCHOLE 440 MELISSA

    name to certain dark-coloured topical remedies . MELE , Specillum .


    See Melæna . MELEA , Pyrus malus.
    MELANCHOL E , Atrabilis. MELEGUETTA , Amomum grana paradisi .
    MELANCHOLIA FLATULOSA, Hypo- MELEI'OS , Mnetos, Melinus, Melias. A
    chondriasis-m . Nervea , Hypochondriasis — m . species of alum , found in the island Melos.
    Suicidium, Suicide-m. Uterina, Nymphomania. MELÈZE, Pinus larix .
    MELANCHOL'IC , Melancholicus. One la- MELIA , Fraxinus ornus .
    bouring under melancholy. That which be- MELIA AZED'ARACH , Poison Berry Tree,
    longs or relates to melancholy. In popular Azed'urach, Pride of India, Pride of China,
    language, one of a gloomy disposition. Bead Tree. Nat. Ord. Meliaceæ ; Ser. Sys. De
    MELANCHOLY , Melanchó'lia , from relaç, candria Monogynia. The bark of the root
    black ,' and yoan, bile.' Lypema'nia, Mono- called in India Neem Bark — is usually given
    ma'nia, Ecphro'nia Melancho'lia, Mania Melan- in decoction , in the proportion of 3 or 4 ounces
    cholica , Mania Melancho'lia, Tristemu'nia, ( F. ) of the bark of the fresh root to a quart of wa
    Mélancolie. A disease , supposed , by the an- ter ; boiled down to a pint. The dose is one
    cients , to be caused by black bile. A variety or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three hours,
    of mental alienation , characterized by exces- till free purging is induced . It is given in this
    sive gloom , mistrust, and depression, with in- manner as an anthelmintic. It is sometimes
    sanity on one particular subject or train of formed into an ointment, and used in tinea
    ideas. Panophobia, Demonomania, Erotomania , capitis.
    Nostalgia, &c. may be referred to this head. Melia TERRA, Creta.
    Melancholy is also used for unusual gloomi- MELICERIA , Hydrarthrus.
    ness of disposition. MELICE'RIS , Melifavium , from neht, ' ho
    MelanchoLY,Erotic,Erotomania - m .Love, ney,' and xnpos , wax. Emphy'ma encys'tis
    Erotomania . melice'ris. An encysted tumour, filled with a
    MELANCHRUS, from pedas, .black ,' and substance resembling honey.
    ra colour.' One attacked with black MELICRATUM , Hydromeli.
    χρως, e. It is probably an abbreviation of
    jaundic MELIFAVIUM, Meliceris.
    Melanchloros. MELIGEI'ON , from nede , ' honey . A fetid
    MÉLANCOLIE , Melancholy . humour, of the consistence of honey, dis
    MÉLANGE PECTORAL, Mistura acidi hy . charged from ulcers accompanied with caries
    of a bone .
    drocyanici .
    MELANICTERUS , Melæna . MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus.
    MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum . MELIME'LUM , from made , honey ,' and
    MELANORRHAGIA, Melæna. undov, ' an apple .' A name given to two com
    MELANOʻSIS , Melan'sis, nigritudo, carci- pounds :-one of honey and quince , the other
    no ma melanot’icum , from uelas, black. ' An of honey and apples .
    organic affection, in which the tissue of the MÉLINE, Melæna .
    parts is converted into a black , hard, homoge MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii Sulphas.
    neous substance , near which ulcers or cavities
    form ;-owing to the softening, either of this MELINUM , undevov. The ancient name of
    substance itself, or of some other morbid tissue, an ointment, and of severalplasters ; described
    -of tubercles especially. Thismorbific change by Dioscorides and Galen : so called from their
    affects the lungs particularly . It is, also, met resembling the unkov, or quince, in colour.
    with in the liver and cellular texture. Its MELINUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii sulphas.
    causes are very obscure . The melanosis of the MELINUS , Meleios.
    lungs constitutes one of the species of phthisis MELIS'SA , from peklooa, ' a bee,' (q. v.) be
    of Bayle ; but it is impossible to distinguish it cause bees gather honey from it. Melissa ofi
    from the other species during life. cina'lis, Citra'go, Citra'ria , Melitei'a, Melissob
    otos, Melita'na , Melissabot'anum , Melis'sa citra'
    MELANOSMEGMA . See Sapo.
    MELANSIS , Melanosis . ta , Melissophyllum , Melittis, Cedronella, Api.
    as'trum , Melissa citrina, Ero'tion, Balm . ( É.)
    MELANTHIUM , Nigella. Mélisse, La Citronnelle. Nat. Ord. Labiatæ .
    MELAS, Lepra
    MELASMA, nigricans.
    Ecchymoma Melasma, Nigror, The leaves of balm have a pleasant odour ; and
    from pedas, ' black. A black spot or ecchymo- an austere and aromatic taste. It was formerly
    sis, occurring on the lower extremities of old much used in nervous diseases, but is now
    only employed when made into a tea , as a di
    MELAS'SES, Molas'ses, Melus'tum , Theriaca luent, in febrile affections. It is the basis of a
    people.
    commu'nis, Treacle . The syrup, which remains celebrated preparation ,-the Eau des Carmes,
    after the juice of the sugar.cane has been sub- (9. y.)
    jected to all the operations for extracting sugar Melissa CALAMIN'THA , Calamin'tha, C. rul
    from it. In the United States, the syrup, made ga'ris, C. officind'rum , Calamint. (F. ) Cala
    in the process of forming common sugar, is ment. This plantsiells like wild mint, though
    called melasses ; that remaining after the re- more agreeably. It is used , popularly , as a tea
    finement of sugar being termed sugar -house in dyspepsia ; flatulent colic ; hysteria ; uterine
    melasses or treacle. obstructions, &c.
    MELASSES Spirit, Rum . MELISSA GRANDIFLORA , Calamin'tha magno
    MELATROPH'IA , from urkos, ' a limb ,' and florē, C. monta'na, Mountain Calamint. This
    atpodia ,' wasting.' Wasting of the limbs. plant resembles the last in virtues .
    MÉLCA, peixa. Food , made of acidulated Melissa Humilis, Melittis Melissophyllum .
    milk . Melissa NEP'ETA, Calamin'tha An' glica . C.
    MÉLISSE DES BOIS 441 MEMBRANA VERSICOLOR

    Pule' gii odorë, Nep'eta agres'tis, Field Cala -1 The MELOE PROSCARABE'Us , Cantarellus,
    mint, Spotted Cal'aminl. Formerly used as an was anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hydro
    aromatic . phobic.
    MELISSA TURCICA , Dracocephalum canari. MELOE VESICATORIUS, Cantharis.
    ense . MELOÆMIA , from pedas , black ,' and
    MELISSE DES BOIS, Melittis Melissophyl- 'aqua, ' blood.' . A state of blood, characterized
    lum - m . de Moldavie, Dracocephalum canari- by its incoagulability, black colour, and septic
    ense . properties .
    MELISSOBOTANUM , Melissa . MELON , undov. A disorder of the eye , in
    MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa. which it protrudes out of the socket. See Ex
    MELISSOPHYLLUM , Melissa, Melittis Me- ophthalmia. - Castelli.
    lissophyllum . MELON , Cucumis melo - m . d'Eau , Cucur
    MELISSOT, Melittis Melissophyllum. bita citrullus-m. Plant, Cucumis melo-- m .
    MELITÆNA , Melissa. Water , Cucurbita citrullus.
    MELITEIA , Melissa. MELONGENA , Solanum melongena.
    MELITHOCORTON , Carallina Corsicana. MELOPLA CUS, from unàov, ' an apple ,' ' a
    MELITITES , Hydromeli . quince.' A compound obtained by boiling icine,
    MELITTA , Bee. honey, quince, pepper, & c. together. - Galen.
    MELITTIS, Melissa. MĚLOPLASTIC , Meloplas'ticus ;from unkov,
    Melit'tis MELISSOPHYL’lum , Ldmium mon- ' the cheek,' and tradoow, " I form .' The opera
    ta'num ,Melissa hu'milis, Melissophyllum , Bas- tion for forming a new cheek when any part of
    tard Balm . ( F. ) Mélisse des Bois, Mélissot. This it has been lost.
    plant was formerly employed, like the balm, in MELOS, pehos, Membrum . (q . v .) A mem
    uterine obstructions. ber. An organized part, composed of other
    MELITURIA , Urine,diabetic. See Diabetes. parts .-- Castelli.
    MELIZO'MUM , fron peal, honey ,' and MELO'SIS, unawois. The act of probing a
    Ewuos, broth .' Mead. Melli'na, Metheg'lin. wound , ulcer, & c.- Hippocrates.
    A drinkprepared with honey. MELOTHRUM , Bryonia alba.
    MELLA'GO, from mel, honey. Any medi- MELO'TIS, Melo'tris, Specillum Minus. A
    cine having the consistence of honey. small probe ,-a probe for the ear. See Apyro
    MELLIÑA, Melizomum. mele.
    MELLI'TA , from mel, " honey . ' Prepared MELOTRIS, Melotis.
    honeys :-medicated honeys. MELUSTUM , Melasses.
    MELLITE DE ROSES, Mel rosæ . MEMBRA'NA VERSICOLOR. A pecu
    MELLITUM DE ACETATE CUPRI, Lini- liar membrane-- according to Mr. Fielding, of
    mentum Æruginis . Hull - situate immediately behind the retina,
    MELLITUM DE MERCURIA'LI COMPOS'ITUM , and in connexion with it. It is separable into
    ( F.) Miel de mercuriale composé, Syrop de longue distinct layers from the choroid , and is supplied
    die. ( Succ. purif . mercurialis tõij, boraginis, with blood vessels.
    anchusa officinalis, aa lbss, iris pseudacori radi. MEMBRANA ABDOMINIS , Peritoneum -- m . Adi.
    cis recent. Zij,rad. sicc. gentiane zj , mellis iiij. posa, Cellular membrane - m. Adventitia, De
    rini albi zxiij. Macerate the bruised roots in cidua reflexa - m . Agnina, Amnios - m . Am.
    the wine, for 24 hours ; strain . Mix the juices phiblestrodes, Retina — m . Arachnoidea , Hya
    and honey ; boil slightly, and filter : then add loid membrane - m . Capsularis testis, Albuginea
    the two liquors, and boil to the consistence of -m . Carnosa, Dartos- m . Cellulosa , Cellular
    syrup . Ziss of senna leaves may be added to membrane- m . Cellulosa, Decidua - m . Circu .
    the syrup. Ph . P.) Cathartic , stomachic, & c . mossalis, Periosteum- m. Communis, Decidua
    MELLITUM DE Rosis, Mel rose. --- m . Circumflexa, Pericardium -- m . Cordis,
    MELLITUM SIMPLEX, Syru'pus de Melle, Syrup Pericardium - m . Costalis, Pleura - m . Costas
    of Honey. (Mellis ibvj, aquæ ibiss, carbonat. succingens, Pleura - m . Crassa, Decidua reflexa
    calcis, preparat. Zijj . Mix the honey, water, -m. Cribrosa, Decidua -- m . Cuticularis, Dura
    and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel: boil mater - m . Decidua serotina, see Decidua - m .
    the mixture , stirring, at the same time, for 2 or Demuriana, see Aqueous humour - m . Derma
    3 minutes : then add prepared animal charcoal todes, Dura mater-m. Dura cerebrum ambiens,
    Zvj, two whites of eggs,mixed in a pint of water. Dura mater - m . Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica
    Mix all , and boil to the consistence of syrup : capitis - m . Farciminalis, Allantois - m . Fila
    remove from the fire ; let the syrup rest for 15 mentosa, Decidua reflexa - m . Flocculenta, De
    ininutes, and pass through a cloth. Ph. P. ) cidua-m . Fætum involvens, Amnios--mn . In
    Demulcent. terspinalis, Interspinal ligament - m . Intestina .
    MELOCHITES, Lapis Arménius, Armeni'- lis, Allantois-- m . Linguæ, see Tongue - m .
    tes, Armenian Stone. A variety of blue carbo- Macilentior, Epiploon , gastro -hepatic - m . Mu
    nate of copper. It is found in Germany , the cosa , Decidua - m. Nervorum, Neurilema - m .
    Tyrol, and especially in Armenia. It was for- Nictitans, Valvula semilunaris - m . Olfactoria,
    merly employed as a cardiac, and as proper for Pituitary membrane -- m . Ossis, Periosteum
    purging away melancholy. m . Ovi materna, Decidua - m . Pellucida, Am
    MELOE NIGER, M. Pennsylvan'ins. A nios-m. Pinguedinosa, Cellular membrane
    blistering fly, native of the United States. It m . Pituitaria , Pituitary membrane - m . Pleu
    feeds upon the Prunel'la vulgaris or Self-heul, retica, Pleura-m , Præexistans, Decidua - m .
    and Ambro'sia trif'ida or Stick-weed. These Pupillaris, Pupillary membrane - m . Propria ,
    flies resemble the Spanish flies in properties. see Cortex ovi-m. Retiformis chorii, Decidua
    MELOE PENNSYLVANICUS, M. niger. reflexa - m . Semipellucida, Caligo - m . Sinuosa,
    56
    MEMBRANE 442 MEMBRANIFORM

    Decidua - m . Subcostalis, Pleura-m. Succin. These vessels are numerous, in some, as in the
    gens, Diaphragm--m. Succingens , Pleura -- m . dura mater and periosteum : in others, scarcely
    Thoracem intersepiens,Mediastinum -- m . Tym sensible, as in the aponeuroses. The presence
    pani, see Tympanum-m. Tympani secundaria , of nerves has never been proved , although
    see Fenestra - m . Urinaria, Allantois -- m . Uteri several circumstances, regarding their sensi
    interna evoluta , Decidua -- m . Vasculosa cerebri, bility , render their existence probable.
    Pia mater - m . Verricularis, Retina -- m . Wach- The fibrous membranes serve, in general, to
    endorfiana, Pupillary membrane. augment the solidity of the organs which they
    MEMBRANE , Membra'na, Hymen, Meninz. envelop ; to retain the muscles in their re
    A name, given to different thin organs,repre- spective positions; tn favour the motion of the
    senting species of supple, more or less elastic,limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ; to
    webs; varying in their structure and vital pro- forın canals and rings for the passage ofdifferent
    perties, and intended , in general , to exhale, organs, &c.
    absorb , or secrete certain fluids ; and to sepa- Bichat admits three species of compound
    rate , envelop, and form other organs . Bichat membranes. 1. The Sero -fibrous, formed of a
    has divided the membranes into simple and serous and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent
    compound . to each other ;-as the pericardium , dura mater,
    The SIMPLE MEMBRANES comprise three or- and tunica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous,
    ders . formed of a serous and mucous lamina ; -as the
    1 , The Mucous MEMBRANES, Membranes fol- gall-bladżer at its lower part. 3. The Fibro
    liculeuses ( Ch .), so called , on account of the mucous, constituted of the union of a fibrous and
    mucous fuid by which they are constantly mucous membrane ; as the mucousmembrane of
    lubricated. They line the canals, cavities , and the nasal fussæ , gums, & c.
    hollow organs, which communicate externally , Chaussier adinits six kinds of membranes .
    by different apertures in the skin. Bichat re . 1. The laminated . See Cellular Tissue . 2.
    fers the mucous membranes to two grcat divi . The serous or simple villous : 3. The follicular
    sions -- the gastro -pulmonary, and the genito- or complicated villous: 4. The muscular or
    urinary. The mucous membranes have a fleshy: 5. The albugineous: 6. The albuminous,
    striking analogy with the cutaneous tissue, in MEMBRANE ACCIDENTAL , M. false -- m . Acci
    organization, functions, and diseases. They dentelle,M. false-m . Adnée, Conjunctiva -- m .
    are composed of chorion, papillæ , and epider- Adventitious, M. false -- m . Anhistous, Decidua
    mis ; and are furnished with a multitude of --m . Caduque, Decidua -- m . Cuduque réfléchie,
    follicles, which secrele a viscid humour ; Decidua (reflexa .)
    mucus. They receive a quantity of arterial MEMBRANE , FALSE , Acciden'tal, Adventi''lious
    vessels, veins, lymphatics, and nerves. membrune, Pseudo-Membrane, Pseudymen , Pseu
    2. The SEROUS MEMBRANES, M. villeuses sim domen'int, (F.) Fausse membrane, M. acciden
    ples, (Ch .) are transparent, thin , and composed telle. Menibranous productions are so called ,
    of one lamina. One surface adheres to other which form on all the free, natural surfaces,
    textures; the other is smooth, polished , and and on every free , accidental surface. They
    moistened by a serous fluid. They are arranged are , in general, produced by the exudation of a
    -in the form of sacs without apertures-as coagulable lymph , susceptible of organization ,
    great, intermediate reservoirs for the exhalant which takes place in consequence of inflamma.
    and absorbent systems, and in which the serous tion of the various tissues. These accidental
    fluid in passing from the one system tarries membranes occur on the skin after the applica
    some time before it enters the other. The se- tion of a blister ; on mucous surfaces, as in
    rous membranes resemble the cellular mem . croup ; on the parietes of inflamed veins and
    brane in structure and diseases. They facilitate arteries, & c. The cicatrices of wounds are
    the motion of the organs which they envelop, formed of them.
    on each other. They may be divided into, 1. Se- MEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membrane false - m .
    rous membranes, properly so called ; as the arach-Germinal , see Molecule — m . Pseudo, M. false
    noid, pleura , peritoneum , and tunica vaginalis. -m . Ruyschienne, Ruyschiana tunica - m . du
    2. Synovial membranes or Capsules; which be- Tympan , see Tympanum .
    long to joints , tendons, aponeuroses , &c . MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES, Mem
    3. FIBROUS MEMBRANES, Membranes albu- branes, fibrous,see Albuginea -- m . Folliculeuses,
    gineuses (Ch.) These are almost all continu- Membranes, mucous - m . Veloutées, Villous
    ous, and terminate at the periosteum-their membranes-- m . Villcuses simples, Membranes,
    common centre . They have been divided into serous.
    two sections. MEMBRANES OF THE Fetus, Memlıra'næ fætum
    1. Enveloping aponeuroscs, Aponeuroses of involven'tes. The membranes which immedi
    insertion, Fibrous capsules of the joints, and ately envelop the fælus, in the cavity of the
    Fibrous sheuths of tendons. uterus, and the rupture of which gives rise to
    2. The Periosteum , Dura mater, Sclerotica , the discharge of the liquor amnii. These mem
    Tunica albuginea testis, Fibrous membrune of branes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion ,
    the spleen , & c . ( q. v.)
    The fibrous membranes are not free or moist . MEMBRANEUX , Membranous.
    MEMBRANIFORM , Membraniformis : -re.
    ened by any particular fluid . They always ad .
    here by both surfaces to the neighbouring sembling a membrane . A name given to thin
    parts ; are firm , resisting , but slightly elastic, and flat parts , which resemble membranes.
    and of a white colour ; sometimes pearly and MEMBRANIFORM Muscles. Very broad and
    glistening . They are chiefly composed of the thin muscles, as the platysma myoides , obliquus
    albugineous fibre, (see Albugineous and Fibrous .) abdominis , &c .
    MEMBRANOSUS 443 MENSES

    MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle. MENINGOʻSIS. Same etymon. The union


    MEMBRANOUS, Membrand'sus, Hymend of bones by means of membrane ; e. g. the
    des, ( F.) Membraneur. Having the nature of articulation of the bones of the cranium in the
    membrane. Formed of membranes . fætus. Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis.
    MEMBRANULA LUNATA VAGINÆ , MENINX , Membrane - m . Choroides , Pia ma
    Hymen- m . Nervorum , Neurilema. ter -- m . Crassa , Dura mater -- m . Dura , Dura
    MEMBRE, Membrum -- m . Viril, Penis . mater -- m . Exterior, Dura mater -- m . Interior ,
    MEMBRUM , Artus, Melos, Colon , a limb a Pia mater -- m . Media, Arachnoid membrane-
    member , ( F. ) Membre. The limbs or extremi- m . Pachein, Dura mater-m . Sclera , Dura
    ties or members of animals are certain parts, mater .
    exterior to the body, which are more or less MENISPERÄMUM COCCULUS . Family
    apparent, long, and movable. It is by means of Menispermeæ . Sex. Syst. Diæcia Dodecandria.
    their limbs , that animals transport themselves The systematic name of the plant, the berries
    from one place to another : and that they de- of which are well known by the name of Coc'
    fend themselves, or attack others. The limbs culus Indicus, Indian Berries, Baccæ Piscato'riæ ,
    are arranged on each side of the trunk , with Cocculus subero'sus, Indian Cockles, Coccus In '-
    which they are articulated. In man , they are dicus, Cocculæ officina'rum , Cocci orienta'les,
    four in number ;-- two upper or thorucic, and Grana Orien'tis, (F.) Coque du Levant, Coque.
    two lover, peldic or abdominal. Icoant. These berries are remarkable for their
    MEMBRUM MULIEBRE , Clitoris-m . Virile, inebriating and destructive quality to fish. The
    Penis . deleterious principle appears to reside in the
    MÉMOIRE, Memory -- m . Perte de, Amnesia. kernel , and in the active principle called Picro
    MEMORIA DELETA , Amnesia. tox'ine . The Cocculus Indicus has only been
    MEM'ORY , Memor ia ,Mneme, (F. ) Mémoire. used in decoction to kill vermin . It has, at
    The cerebral faculty, by virtue of which past times, been added to beer, by fraudulent trades
    impressions are recalled to the mind . men, to render it more inebriating.
    MEMPHI'TES LAPIS . A sort of stone , MENISPERMUM PALMATUM , Calumba.
    found in the environs of Memphis ; which was MENISPER'MUM TUBERCULA'TUM , M. verruco'.
    formerly esteemed narcotic . sum , Cocculus crispus. A Chinese plant, an
    MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues . extract from the root of which is tonic to the
    MENDESION , Ægyptiacum . stomach avd bowels,and possesses some astrin
    MENE , Moon . gency . Dose, 5 to 10 grains.
    MENECRATIS ACCIPITER , Accipiter. The same may be said of the Menispermum
    MENFRIGE. See Pistacia lentiscus. cordifolium - the Goluncha, of Bengal.
    MÉNINGE, Dura mater. MENISPERMUM VERRUCOSUM, M. tubercu .
    MÉNINGÉ, Meningeal. latum .
    MENINGE'AL, Meningd'us, (F. ) Méningé. MENOCRYPHIA , Amenorrhea .
    Relating to the meninges, or merelyto the dura MENOLIPSIS . See Menses.
    mater. MENORRHA'GIA , from unv, ' a month ,'and
    The MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY, Arteria enyrumi, ' 1 flow fiercely .' Flow of the menses.
    meningda me'dia, A. Sphæno-spinosa, A. Dure Frequently the word is used synonymously with
    Matris media max'ima, A. Sphæno -spina'lis, uterine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, ( q. v.) or
    Spinal Artery, (F.) Artère méningée moyenne, for immoderate How of the menses - profuse
    A. Sphéno-épineuse, A. Épineuse, is the largest menstruation, Parame'nia super'flua, P. profu'sa ,
    of the branches, given off by the internal max- Menorrha'gia rubra, Catamenio'rum fluxus im
    illary artery. It enters the cranium by the mod'icus.
    foramen spinale , and distributes its branches MENORRHAGIA ,Menstruation ,Metrorrhagia-
    ehiefly to the dura mater. m . Alba, Leucorrhea - m . Difficilis, Dysmenor,
    MENIN'GES, Eilam'ides, Malres Cer'ebri, rhæa- m. Erronea , Menstruation , erroneous-
    Omen'ta , from unveys, " a membrane. ' The m . Stillatitia , Dysmenorrhea.
    three membranes , which envelop the brain- MENOSCHÉSIS . See Amenorrhea,
    Dura mater , Arachnoid , and Pia mater, (q. v.) MENOSTASIA , Amenorrhea.
    MÉNINGETTE , Pia mater. MENOS’TASIS, from urin, ' a month , and
    MÉNINGINE, Same etymon . A name Otaois, stasis,' stagnation .' This word, ac
    given by Chaussier to the pia mater, united to cording to some, signifies the retention of the
    the cerebral layer of the arachnoid . menses and their accumulation in the uterus.
    MENINGINE, INNER LAMINA OF THE, Pia ma- According to others, it means the acute pain
    ter. which , in some females, precedes each appear.
    MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane . ance of the menses ; a pain which has been
    MENINGIS CUSTOS, Meningophylax. presumed to proceed from the stasis ofblood in
    MENINGITIS. Inflammation of the me . the capillary vessels of the uterus .
    ninges or membranes of the brain . See Phre. MENOXENIA , from unr, ' a month ,' and
    nitis. Gevos, ' foreign.' Irregular menstruation .
    MENINGITIS , TUBERCULAR, Hydrocephalus MENS, Anima.
    internus . MENSES, M.Muliebres, Flurus menstruus,
    MENINGOPH’YLAX , Custos menin' gis. F. luna'ris, Proflu'vium muliebre , P. genitale
    Depressoʻrium , (F.), Dépressoire, from unveys, muliebre, Consuetu'do menstrua, from mensis,
    ' a membrane,' the dura mater ; and quia , 'a'a month . ' Catame'nia , Men'strua, Emmenia ,
    preserver.' An instrument for depressing the Tribu'lum luna'rē, Purgatio'nes, P. menstrua,
    dura mater, and guarding it from injury, whilst Gynæceia ; the Courses, Menstrualflux, Monthly
    the bone is cut or rasped. courses, Flowers, (F.) Mois, Règles, Lunes, Fla .
    MENSTRUA 444 MENTHA

    eurs, Affaires, Époques, Ordinaires, Purgations, by means of a riband extended from themedian
    Fleurs, Menstrues. The sanguineous evacua- line ofthe sternum to the spine. When effu
    tion from the uterus, the monthly recurrence sion exists in one side the measurement is usu
    of which constitutes menstruation, ( q. v .) ally greater than on the other . When , on the
    The first appearance of the menses is usually other hand , a portion of a lung has ceased, for
    preceded by the discharge of a fuid , wbitish some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the
    matter from the vagina; by nervous excite corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller,
    ment, and by vague pains and heaviness in the in consequence of the contraction of the pleura ,
    loins and thighs ; numbness of the limbs, tume- retraction of the pulmonary tissue and greater
    faction and hardness of the breasts, &c . More approximation of the ribs.
    or less indisposition and irritability, also , pre- MENTA , Penis.
    cede each successive recurrence of the men- MENTAGRA , Sycosis.
    strual flux. MENTAL, from mens, mind ;' belonging or
    In temperate climates , each period ordinarily relating to the mind , as, mental phenom'ena ,
    continues from three to six days ; and the quan- mental diseases, Morbi menta'les, & c.
    tity lost varies from four to eight ounces . The In Anatomy, Mental, Mentalis, (F.) Menton
    menses continue to flow from the period of pu- nier, signifies that which relates to the chin ;
    berty till the age of 45 or 50. Ai the term of from mentum , ' the chin . '
    its natural cessation, Menolip'sis, the flux be- The MENTAL FORA'MEN , (F. ) Trou menton
    comes irregular ; and this irregularity is occa- nier, Anterior ma:d'illary F. is the outer orifice
    sionally accompanied with symptomsof dropsy, of the inferior dental canal. It is situate on
    glandular tumours, & c ., constituting the Para- the outer surface of the lower jaw -bone, oppo
    me'nia cessationis of Good, and what is called site the second incisor or the canine tooth , and
    the critical time of life ; yet it does not appear, gives passage to the following vessels and
    that the mortality is increased by it. nerves.
    With the immediate causes of menstruation The MENTAL AR'TERY, (F. ) Artère menton
    we are unacquainted. We express only our nière. This is given off by the inferior dental,
    ignorance, when we assert it to depend upon and issues at the mental foramen to be distri
    periodicity ;-the discharge comes from the buted on the lower lip.
    uterus , and vagina, and seems to be a true se- The Mental NERVE, (F.) Nerf mentonnier,
    cretion from the lining membrane. It differs is furnished by the inferior dental nerve . It
    from blood, by its peculiar odour, and by its issues by the mental foramen and is distributed,
    not coagulating. It is arrested , as a general in numerous filaments, to the muscles of the
    principle, during pregnancy and lactation . In lower lip .
    warm climates, women usually begin to men- MENTHA AQUATICA , Menthras'trum , Si
    struate early , and cease sooner than in the tein- sym'brium menthrastrum , Mentha rotundifo'lia
    perate regions. The quantity lost is also greater. palus'tris, Watermint, (F.) Menthe aquatique,
    În the colder regions the reverse of this holds , M. rouge. Nat. Ord . Labiatæ . This is less
    as a general rule. agreeable than the Mentha viridis, and more
    MENSES ALBI, Leucorrhea - m . Dolori- bitter and pungent. It is used like spear
    ficæ , Dysmenorrhæa - m . Retention of the , see mint.
    Amenorrhæa - m . Suppression of the, Amenor- Mentha CERVI'NA , Hart's pennyroyal, Hys
    hæa. sop -leaved mint, Pule'gium cervi'num , (F.)
    MENSTRUA ALBA , Leucorrhæa. Menthe cerdine. Possesses the properties of
    MENSTRUAL FLUX, Menses. pennyroyal, but is very unpleasant.
    MENSTRUA'TION, Menstrua'tio, Chro. Mentha Crispa , Colymbif'era minor, Curled
    nogu'nea. The flow of the menses. Menorrha'- Mint, (F.) Menthe frisse, Menthe crépue, Baume
    gia , Flurus menstrua'lis. d'eau à feuilles ridées. Possesses the properties
    VICA'rious MENSTRUATION is that which oc- of peppermint.
    curs from other parts than the uterus . It is Mentha GENTILIS , M. viridis.
    called Puramenia erroris , Menorrhagia erronea , Mentha Piperi'TA. Mentha Piperi'tis, Pep
    Mensium per aliena loca ercretio. At times ,the permint, (F.). Menthe poivrée. The odour of
    secreted fluid has all the characters of the men- this variety is strong and agreeable. Taste
    strual
    blood ,
    secretion : at others, it appears to be pungent, aromatic , and producing a sensation
    of coldness in the mouth . Virtues depend upon
    MENSTRUATION, LABORIOUS, Dysmenorrhæa— essential oil and camphor. It is stomachic and
    m . Profuse, Menorrhagia . carminative. It is chiefly used in the form of
    MENSTRUES, Menses. essential oil—the oleum mentha piperitæ.
    MENSTRUUM, ( F.) Menstrue. This name The EssenCE OF PEPPERMINT consists of the
    was formerly given to every substance, which ol. mentha pip. Zij., sp. vin . rectif., coloured
    possesses the property of dissolving others with spinach leunes, Ibij.
    slowly and with the aid of heat. At present, it MENTHA PULE'GIUM , Pulegium , Pulegium
    is used synonymously with solrent." Thus regale, Pulegium latifo'lium , Glechon , Penny
    water, alcohol, either, acids, oils, &c. are men- royal, Pudding, grass, (F. ) Pouliot. The oil
    strua . Oʻleum pule'gii - possesses tbe virtues of the
    MENSTRUUM Auri, Nitro -muriatic acid. plant. Ît resembles the mints in general in
    MENSURA’TION , Mensuratio , from men- properties. Amongst the vulgar it is esteemed
    su'ra , “measure .' Measurement . One of the as an emmenagogue .
    means, used for exploring the state of the tho . MENTHA ROMANA, Balsamita suaveolens,
    racic and other cavities. It consists in a com . Tanacetum balsamita-m . Rotundifolia palus
    parative measurement of each side of the chest, tris, M. aquatica - m . Saracenica, Balsamita
    MENTHE AQUATIQUE 445 MERCURY

    suaveolens, Tanacetum balsamita — m . Sativa, | Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum - m . Oziderouge


    M. viridis -- m . Spicata , M. viridis. de, Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum — m . Proto
    MENTHA Vir'idis , M. Sati'oa , M. vulga'ris, chlorure de, Hydrargyri submurias - m . Sous
    M. genti'lis, M. spica'ta, Spearmint, (F.) Menthe muriate de, precipité, Hydrargyrum præcipita
    saudage, Baume des jardins, Menthe verte, tum - m . Sous-sulfate de, Hydrargyrus vitrio
    Menthe des jardins. Odour strong,aromatic; latus - m . Sulfure de, noir, Hydrargyri sulphu
    taste , warm , austere, bitterish . Virtues the retum nigrum-m. Sulphure de, rouge, Hydrar
    same as those of the peppermint. The Oleum gyri sulphuretum rubrum .
    menthæ viridis is obtained from it. MERCU’RIAL , Mercuria'lis. That which
    MENTHA VULGARIS , M. viridis. contains mercury ; one of the preparations of
    MENTHE AQUATIQUE , Mentha aquatica mercury.
    m . Ceroine, Mentha cervina - m . Coq, Tanace MERCURIA'LIS, Mercurialisannua ,French
    tum balsamita - m . Crépue, Mentha crispa - m . mercury . It has been estimated cathartic, hyp
    Frissée, Mentha crispa - m des Jardins, Mentha notic and cosmetic , and has been chiefly used
    viridis - m . Poiorée,Mentha piperita - m . Rouge, by way of lavement. See Chenopodium Bonus
    Mentha aquatica — m . Sauvage, Mentha viridis Henricus.
    -m . Verte , Mentha viridis . MERCURIALIS PEREN'Nis , Cynocram 'bē, Cani'.
    MENTHRASTRUM , Mentha aquatica . na bras'sica , M.monta'na, M. Sylvestris, Dog's
    MENTO -LABIAL , Mento-labia'lis. Under mercury. This plant is possessed of acro -nar
    this name Chaussier has united the Levator cotic properties.
    labii inferioris, ( q. v.) and Quadratus muscles. MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Hydrar
    See Depressor Labii inferioris. gyrus vitriolatus--m . Sperma, Hydrargyrus
    MENTON , Mentum . acetatus — m . Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus ace
    MENTONNIER, Mental - m . Labial, Depres- tatus.
    sor labii inferioris. MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum - m . Acetatus,
    MENTONNIÈRE . See Funda. Hydrargyrus acetatus — m . Alkalisatus, Hydrar
    . Calcinatus, Hydrargyri
    MENTULA , Penis—m . Muliebris, Cercosis, gyrum cum cretâ — mCausticus
    Clitoris. oxydum rubrum-m. flavus, Hydrar
    MENTULAGRA. A convulsive erection gyrus vitriolatus — m.Cinereus,Hydrargyri oxy.
    of the mentula or penis ; such as is some. dum cinereum–m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri
    times observed in eunuchs ; a hybrid word , sulphuretum rubrum-m. Corallinus, Hydrar
    from mentula , “ the penis,' and aypa, ' a sei- gyri nitrico -oxydum - m . Corrosivus, Hydrar
    zure .' gyri oxymurias - m . Corrosivus ruber, Hydrar
    MENTUM, Genei'on, Anthereon, ' the chin .' gyrinitrico -oxydum - m .Corrosivus sublimatus,
    ( F.) Menton . The inferior and middle part of Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hy
    the face, situate below the lower lip. The chin drargyrum præcipitatum - m. Dulcis, Hydrar.
    is formed of skin , cellular tissue, muscles, gyri submurias- m . Emeticus flavus, Hydrar:
    vessels, nerves, and of the os maxillare in- gyrus vitriolatus -- m . Gummosus Plenckii, Sy
    ferius. rupus de mercurio mediante gummi- m.Luteus,
    MENYAN'THES TRIFOLIA’TA , Trifolium Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — m .Mortis, Algaroth
    paludo'sum , T. aquaticum , T. palus'tre, T. fibri- m . Niger Moscati, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum
    num , Menyan'thes,Water trefoil, Buckbean, Bog. m. Præcipitatus corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico
    bean. Nai. Ord . Gentianeæ , (F.) Trèfle d'eau, oxydum - m . Præcipitatus niger, Hydrargyri
    The taste is intensely bitter, and is ' extracted oxydum cinereum-m . Saccharatus, Hydrar
    by water. It is tonic, anthelmintic, diuretic, gyrum saccharatum - m . Solubilis of Hahne
    cathartic, and , in large doses, emetic. In some mann , see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum - m .
    countries, it is used as a substitute for hops in Sublimatus dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias—m.
    making beer. cum Sulphure, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ni.
    MEPHITIC, Mephiticus ; from a Syriac grum -- m . Terrestris, Polygonum hydropiper
    word, signifying to blow , to breathe.' 'Any m . Vitæ , Algaroth .
    thing possessedof an unwholesome property; MERCURY , Hydrargyrum-m. Acetate of,
    chieflyapplied to exhalations. Hydrargyrus acetatus - m . Bichloride of, Hy
    MEPHITIS HEPATICA, Hydrogen, sul- drargyri oxymurias- m . Biniodide of, see lo.
    phuretted. dine- m . Bromide of, see Bromine- m. with
    MEPHITISM . Same etymon . Any perni. Chalk , Hydrargyrum cum cretâếm . Chloride
    cious exhalation. Mephi'tis and Mophe ta , (F.) of, mild, Hydrargyri submurias - m . Cyanuret
    Mofette ou Moufette, are old names for azote ; of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum - m . Deuto -iodide
    and, in general, for all exhalations and gases of, see lodine - m . Dog's, Mercurialis perennis
    that are unfit for respiration. -m . English, Chenopodium bonus Henricus ,
    MERACUS , Merus. m. French , Mercurialis — m . Nitrate of, Hydrar.
    MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis . gyri nitras – m . Nitric oxyd of, Hydrargyri ni.
    MERCURE, Hydrargyrum - m . avec la craie, trico -oxydum - m . Oxide, black or gray of,Hy
    Hydrargyrum cum cretâ — m . Cru, Hydrargy- drargyri oxydum cinereum - m . Oxide of, red,
    rum - m . Cyanure de, Hydrargyri cyanuretum Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum - m . Oxymuriate
    -m . Dout, Hydrargyri submurias - m . Gon- of, Hydrargyri oxymurias - m . Phosphuretted,
    meux de Plenck, Syrupus de mercurio mediante Hydrargyrus phosphoratus - m . Precipitate of,
    gummi - m . Muriate oxygéné de, Hydrargyri white, Hydrargyrum præcipitatum - m . Proto
    oxymurias — m . Oxide de, cendré, Hydrargyri iodide of, see lodine - m . Prussiate of, Hydrar.
    oxydum cinereum - m . Oxide gris de,Hydrargyri gyri cyanuretum - m . Soluble , Hydrargyri ni.
    oxydum cinereum - m . Oxide nitrique de, Hy- tras - m . Sulphuret of, black, Hydrargyri sul .
    drargyri nitrico-oxydum - m . Oxide noir de, phuretum nigrum - m . Sulphuret of, red, Hy ,
    MÈRE DES PLANS 446 MESENTERY

    drargyri sulphuretum rubrum, Realgar - m . ( mesenteric, which arises from the anterior part
    Tartrate of, Hydrargyri tartras. of the abdominal aorta , below the cæliac. It
    MÈRE DES PIANS, Pian . immediately descends to the left, forwards, be
    MERIDRO'SIS , from nepos, ' a part,' and hind the pancreas, and in front of the third por
    fid001015, ' sweating.' A partial perspiration. tion of the duodénum, -to gain the superior
    MERISIER , Prunus avium. extremity of the mesentery , where it makes a
    MEROBALANEUM , Bath , Partial . long curvature, the convexity of which is turned
    MEROBALNEUM , Bath , Partial. forwards and to the left. Towards the termi
    MEROCE'LE, Mer orix'is, Merorrher'is, from nation of the ileum , it ends by anastomosing
    urgos , ' the thigh,' and xnan, 'lumour.' Femo- with a branch of the A. colica dextra inferior.
    ral or crural hernia. (F.) Hernie crurale ou At its concavity , it gives off the three Arteria
    fémorale. In this hernia, the viscera issue from colicæ dertræ , which belong to the great intes.
    the abdomen through the crural canal ; or tine; and , at its convexity, it sends off fifteen
    through an opening immediately on the outer or twenty branches, which are distributed to
    side of Gimbernat's ligament, which gives pas. the small intestine ; after having formed nu.
    sage to lymphatic vessels. This affection is merous arches by their anastomoses.
    more frequent in the female than in the male, 2. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from
    and especially in those who have had children . the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an
    The tumour, formed by the merocele, is gene- inch and a half before its termination . It de
    rally small , round, and more or less difficult of scends , on the left side , behind the peritoneum ;
    reduction . In other respects, it possesses all engages itself in the substance of the iliac me
    the characters of hernia. The neck of the sac socolon , forming a considerable curvature,
    has , close on the outside, the epigastric artery ; whose convexity faces the left side. When it
    above , the spermatic cord and spermatic artery reaches the brim of the pelvis, it passes along
    in the male — the round ligament in the female; the posterior separation ofthe mesorectum , and
    on the inside , Gimbernat's ligament; and , be attains the neighbourhood of the anus, under
    low, the pubes. When the obturator artery the name Superior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives
    arises from the epigastric it generally passes on off no branch at its concave part ; but, from the
    the outside of and below the orifice of the sac ; convex , the three Arteria colicæ sinistra arise .
    sometimes, however, it takes a turn above and The MESENTERIC or MESARAIC VEins are two
    then to the inside of the opening. J. Cloquet in number, and belong to the venaporta. They
    asserts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he are distinguished into,1. The Superiormesenteric
    find the epigastric artery on the inside of the or mesaraic, or great mesaraic. This trunk re
    orifice of the sac . ceives , from above to below and on the right
    The operation , required in strangulation of side, the three venæ colicæ dextræ and the Gas
    this variety, may be practised on the aponeu . tro-epiploica dextra. Into its left side,the veins
    rotic opening, by cutting downwards and in- of the small intestine open . It passes in front
    wards, on the sideof Gimbernat's ligament. of the transverse portion of the duodenum ;
    MERORRHEXIS, Merocele. and , behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic
    MERORIXIS , Merocele. vein to concur in the formation of the vena porta .
    MEROS, Femur, Thigh . The inferior or lesser mesenteric rein cor.
    MERRY ANDREW . An itinerant quack, responds to the artery of the same name, and
    who exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs and opens into the splenic, near the union of that
    markets. See Charlatan. They are so called vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind
    from Dr. Andrew Boorde, who lived in the the pancreas.
    reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen The MESENTERIC PLEXUSES are furnished by
    Mary , and who was in the habit of frequenting the solar plexus , and have been distinguished
    fairs and markets at which he harangued the into superior and inferior ; like the mesenterie
    populace. arteries which they accompany.
    MERUS, Mera'cus, Arcatos ,' pure , genuine;' The MESENTERIC Glands are the lymphatie
    as Vinum merum , unmixed wine .
    ganglions of the mesentery. Through them ,
    MERYCISMUS, Rumination . the chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracie
    MERYCOLOʻGIA, from urouxo, ' I rụmi- duct. Their uses are unknown. When dis
    nate,
    ' and 20yos, a description .' Any work on eased , nutrition is interfered with, and atrophy
    rumination may be so termed . produced.
    MESA, Genital organs. MESENTERIC HERNIA . If one of the layers
    MESARAIC, Mesenteric . of the mesentery be torn by a blow , whilst the
    MESEMAR, Mismar . other remains in its natural state ,the intestines
    MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM . may insinuate themselves into the aperture ,
    See Soda . and form a kind of hernia . It is not known
    MESEMBRYAN'THEMUM CRYSTAL'LISUM , M. during life .
    ficordes, Di'amond fig.marygold , Ice plant . (F.) MESENTERI'TIS , Empres'ma peritoni'tis
    Glaciale, Crystalline. It has been recommended mesenter'ica, Enteri'tis mesenter'ica , inflamma'
    in dysuria, ischuria, and some other affections tion of the mesentery . The pain is here deeper
    of the urinary organs. seated and more immediately in the mesenteric
    MESENTERIC , Mesara'ic, Mesenter'icus, region. The external tenderness is less than
    Mesara'icus, from peoertelor,or veoanalov, “ the in some of the other varieties of peritonitis.
    mesentery .' That which relates or belongs to See Tabes Mesenterica.
    the mesentery MESENTERY , Mesenter'ium , Mesaraion ,
    The MESENTERIC ARTERIES are two in num . Mesenteron , Mosera'um , Mesoræum , Medium
    ber, and distinguished into, 1. The Superior |intesti'num , from megos, in the middle, ' and
    MESERA 447 METACARPAL

    SrTepov, an intestine , ' ( F. ) Mésentèrc. A term MESOGLOSSUS , Genio-glossus


    applied to several duplicatures of the peritone- MESOLO'BAR, belonging to the Mésolobe or
    um , which maintain the different portions of the Corpus callo'sum .
    intestinal canal in their respective situations ; The MESOLOBAR ARTERIES are the arteries of
    allowing, however, more or less mobility. They the corpus callosum .
    are formed of two laminæ , between which are MESOLOBE , Corpuscallosum.
    contained the corresponding portion of intes- MESOME’RIA, from peoos, middle,' and
    tine and the vessels that pass to it. One only rerpos, the thigh. The parts of the body situate
    of these duplicatures has received the name between the thighs.
    mesentery, properly so called . This belongs to MESOMERIÓN , Perinæum.
    the small intestine , which it suspends and re- MESOMPHALUM , Umbilicus.
    tains in sitû. Its posterior margin , which is MESOPH'RYON , Glabell'a. The part of the
    the smallest,is straight,and descends obliquely face between the eyebrows ; from uzoos,' the
    from the left side of the body of the second middle ,' and oppova , - the eyebrows . '
    lumbar vertebra to the right iliac fossa . Its MESOPLEURIOS , Intercostal.
    anterior margin is curved , undulating, plaited, MESORÆUM , Mesentery .
    and corresponds to the whole length of the MESORECTUM . A hybrid word ; from
    small intestine. The mesentery contains , be paoos, middle ,' and rectum , the intestine rec
    tween the two lamine which forin it, a num . tum .' A triangular reflection , formed by the pe
    ber of lymphatic ganglions ; the trunks and ritoneum , between the posterior surface of the
    branches of the mesenteric vessels ; the ner. rectum and the anterior surface of the sacrum .
    vous plexuses, accompanying them , and many Between the two layers of which the mesorec
    lacteals and lymphatics. tum is composed are found much cellular tissue
    MESERA , Tutia . and the termination of the inferior mesenteric
    MESERÆUM , Mesentery. vessels .
    MESERAION , Mesentery . MESOSCELOCELE , Hernia , perineal.
    MESIAMUM , Aniceton . MESOSCELON , Perinæum .
    MESIRE . A disorder of the liver , men. MESOTH'ENAR , from peo0 $ , ' the middle ,'
    tioned by Avicenna , accompanied by a sense and gerao, - the thenar,' the palm of the hand .'
    of heaviness, tumour, inflammation , pungent A muscle, which carries the thumb towards the
    pain , and byblackness of the longue. palm . Winslow applied the term to the abductor
    MESMERISM, Magnetism , animal. pollicis , united to the deep -seated portion of the
    MESOBREGMATE See Cranium . Hexor brevis pollicis.
    MESOCÆ'CUM . A name given to a dupli . MESOTICA , from MEDOS, ' middle .' Dis.
    cature of the peritoneum , (in some persons eases, affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in
    only ,) at the posterior part of the cæcum . the quantity or quality of the intermediate or
    MÉSOCEPHALE , Medulla oblongata. connecting substance of organs ; without in
    MESOCEPHALUM , Pons varolii. flammation, fever, or other derangement of the
    MESOCHONDRIAC, Mesochondriacus ; general health . The 1st Order, class Eccritica
    from plegos, middle ,' and xorsqoç, cartilage.' of Good .
    A name given by Boerhaave to fleshy fibres MESPILUS, Mespilus German'ica . The
    situate between the cartilaginous rings of the medlar, (F.) Neflier. (Fruit) Nèfle. The fruit
    trachea . and seeds of the medlar have both been used
    MESOCOL'IC HERNIA . Hernia is so medicinally the immature fruit as an as
    named by Sir Astley Cooper, when the bowels tringent, and the seeds in nephritic diseases.
    glide between the layers of the mesocolon. See CratægusAria and Sorbus Acuparia.
    MESOCOʻLON , from plagos , in the middle,' MESPILUS OXYACAN'THA, Oryacuntha, Spina
    and xvàov, “ the colon .' A name given to the alba, White Hawthorn, (F.) Aubepine. The
    duplicatures of the peritoneum , which fix the flowers of this common European plant are
    different parts of the colon to the abdominal sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral.
    parietes. It has received different names , ac- META, Meta , Meth ', mad ', ' with ,' ' together
    cording to its situation . The right lumbar me- with ,' ' after,' change of form and place.' A
    socolon fixes the ascending colon to the cor- common prefix to words. Hence :
    responding lumbar region . The transverse mne- METAB'ASIS , HETaßaors, Tran'situs, Metab' .
    socolon arises from the concave arch of the ole, Metallage, from pletaBairw, ' I digress.' A
    colon , and formsa septum between the epigas- change of remedy, practice, & c. - Hippocrates.
    tric and umbilical regions. Its inferior portion METABOLE, Metabasis .
    is continuous with the mesentery. The left METACAR'PAL, Metacarpia'nus, (F.) Mé
    lumbar mesocolon , which contains the ascending tacarpien. Relating or belonging to the me
    colon , is continuous below with the Iliac meso- tacarpus.
    colon. The last includes between its layers Thc METACARPAL Bones , or bones which
    the sigmoid Aexure of the colon and ends in compose the metacarpus, are five in number ;
    the mesorectum . Under the rightkidney, it is and distinguished into first, second, third, & c.
    narrow and firm and forms the right lig'ament beginning from the outer or radial side .
    of the colon ; at the under end of the left kid- They are articulated , by their superior ex
    ney, it formsthe leftlig'ament of the colon . tremity, with the bones of the second range of
    MESOCRANIUM , Sinciput. the carpus; and , by the lower, with the first
    MESODME, Mediastinum . phalanges.
    MESODMI'TIS, from pleco dun, the medi- The METACARPAL RANGE or Row of the car.
    astinum ,' and itis, inflammation .' Mediastini'- pal bones, ( F ) Rangée métacarpienne du carpe
    tis . Inflammation of the mediastinuin . is the lower row of carpal bones ; so called be .
    METACARPEUS 448 METASYNCRISIS

    cause they are articulated with the bones of the METALLAGE , Metabasis.
    metacarpus. It is composed of the trapezium , METALLIC VOICE , Tintement métallique.
    trapezoides, magnum , and unciforme. METALLUM , Metal.
    The METACARPAL PHALAN'ges are the first METAMORPHOP'SIA , from μεταμορφοω,, I
    phalanges of the fingers; so called , because transform ,' and wy', ' the eye.' Suffu 'sio, Suf
    ihey are articulated with the bones of the me fu'sio Oculo'rum . Imagination (Maître-Jean.)
    tacarpus. Crupsia, Myodesop'sia , False sight. ( F.) Berlué.
    The METACARPAL ARTICULA'tions are those Aberration of the sense of sight,which transmits
    by which the four last metacarpal bones are the image of imaginary objects. This affection
    united together , at their upper extremity. sometimes depends on a slight opacity in the
    The Metacarpal ARTERY or Arte'ria dorsa'- transparent parts of the eye ; the cornea, crystal
    lis metacar'pi arises from the radial , at the mo- line, or vitreous humour, when it is symptom
    ment it engages itself in the upper extremity of atic, and of no consequence. At other times ,it
    the abductor indicis. It descends obliquely appears to be idiopathic ; and occurs particu .
    upon the back of the hand . Its branches are larly in those, who have been in the habit of
    distributed to the abductor indicis,and the in- constantly fixing their eyes on very brilliant or
    teguments ; some communicate with the dorsa- small bodies. The objects, fancied to be seen ,
    lis carpi. are various . They are sometimes circular, per
    TheMETACARPAL LIG'AMENT, or Inferior petually moving , orshining or black spots, cob
    palmar Lig'ament, is a fibrous band , stretched webs , insects, or pieces of wood - when they
    transversely before the inferior extremities of are often termed Muscæ volitantes, ( F.) Mouches
    the last four inetacarpal bones, which it keeps rolantes, and the condition Visus musca'rum ,
    in their respective positions. Scotom'ata , Suffusio Myodes, Myiodeop'sia,
    METACARPEUS, Adductor metacarpi mi- Myodesopsia. These appearances sometimes
    nimi digiti. continue for a few days ; being dependent on
    MÉTACARPIEN, Metacarpal-m. du petit the state of the nerves of the individual at the
    doigt, Opponens minimi digiti - m . du Pouce, time; or they may exist for life, and ultimately
    Opponens pollicis . impair the sight.
    METACARPO -PHALANGÆUS POLLI- If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but
    CIS , Adductor pollicis manus. little moment. If idiopathic , and connected
    METAC A R'P 0 -PHALAN'GIAN , Metacarpo- pha- with any excitement of the brain , which is not
    lungia'nus, (F.) Métacarpo-phalangien . That often the case, attention will have to be paid to
    which belongs to the metacarpus and phalanges. that organ .
    The METACARPO -PHALANGIAN ARTICULATIONS METANGISMOS, Decantation .
    are formed by the bones of the metacarpus and METAPEDIUM , Metatarsus.
    the corresponding phalanges. In these articu- METAPHRENON , Dorsum.
    lations, the bony surfaces are incrusted with METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio.
    cartilage, covered by a synovial membrane and METAPODIUM , Metatarsus.
    kept in connexion by means of an anterior and METAPOROPE'IA, Metaporopoie'sis, from
    two lateral ligaments . META, after,' nopos , a pore, and notiv, ' to
    MÉTACARPO -PHALANGIEN LATÉRAL make.' The change produced in the minute
    SUS-PALMAIRE ET MÉTACARPO-PHA- pores ,-in the capillary extremities of vessels,
    LANGIEN LATÉRAI., Interosseus manus. -when they pass from the morbid to the healthy
    METACARPUS, from Meta , after,' and condition . — Galen.
    carpus,' the wrist. Metacar'pion, Postbrachia ' le, METAPTO'SIS , Metaschematis'mus. Muta
    ( F.) Métacarpe. The part of the hand comprised tion ; change; from ustanntw , I digress .'
    between the carpus and fingers. It is composed Any change in the form or seat of a disease.
    of five parallel bones, called metacarpal; forming METASCHEMATISMUS, Metaptosis.
    the back of the hand, externally, and the palm METAS'TASIS, Metachore'sis, from ple
    internally. dlotnui , ' I change place.' Displacement, Trans
    METACERASMA, Cerasmi. la'tion. A change in the seat of a disease ; at
    METACHEIRIXIS , Surgery : tributed , by the Humorists, to the translation
    METACHORESIS, Metastasis. of the morbific matter to a part different from
    METAL, Metallum. A class of simple, com- that wbich it had previously occupied ; and , by
    bustible bodies ; distinguished from others by the Solidists, to the displacement of the ir
    considerable specific gravity ; a particularsplen- ritation . It has also been used in the same es.
    dour ; almost total opacity ; insolubility in wa. tensive sense as Metaptosis, (q. v.) Disputes
    ter ; and the property they have of ringing when have often been indulged, whether a case of
    struck. Metals have no effect, except of a me- metastasis ought not rather to be esteemed one
    chanical nature, when taken into the stomach ; of extension of the disease. The phenomena
    unless they have already undergone,orundergo, of gout and acute rheumatism are in favour of
    in the stomach, oxidation or union with an acid ; metastasis occasionally supervening :
    wlien several most deleterious compounds may METASTAT’IC, Metastat'icus. Belonging
    be formed. Copper cents ; half- pence ; quick- or relating to metastasis. A metastatic crisis is
    silver ; lead , have frequently been swallowed one produced by metastatis ;-ametustatic affcc
    in the metallic state with impunity. Tin and tion , one caused by metastasis, &c.
    mercury are the only metals used to produce a METASYN'CRISIS, from ovyxoiro, I com
    mechanical effect ;-the former as an anthel- pose,' and usta, which indicates a change . '
    mintic ,—the latter, idly enough , in cases of Recomposition. A word , employed by some
    fancied intus-susception . disciples of Asclepiades. This physician sup
    MÉTAL DES CLOCHES, Bell metal. posed, that all animals are formed by the union
    METASYNCRITIC 449 METHOMANIA

    or assemblage of atoms. He designated all place to another, where it may produce less
    bodies by the word ouyxgquata ; which signifies disturbance in the exercise of the functions:
    assemblage.' Evyxoireo9a1 , to be assembled , as, for example, in the operation of depressing
    was, with him, synonymous with to exist ;' cataract, or when a calculus, in the urethra , is
    and diazoireo9a1, to separate ,' was, with him . pushed back into the bladder.
    synonymous with to dissoloe,' ' to cease to exist.' METATOPTOSIS , Diadexis.
    The word Metasyncrisis was invented to express METEORISMUS,Sublimation,Tympanites.
    the recomposition of bodies after their moment- METEOROL'OGY, Meteorolo'gia ,from me
    ary dissolution. Some have rendered the word Teu , ' a meteor,' and hoyos, ' a discourse.'
    by theLatin Recorporatio. The science, whose object is a knowledge of
    METASYNCRITIC, Metasyncrit'icus, Re- the origin, formation , appearance, & c. of me.
    corporati'dus. Belonging orrelating to metasyn- teors. The state of the atmosphere has a most
    crisis. A name, formerly given to medicines to important bearing on the health of animals.
    which was attributed the virtue of producing The whole range of epidemic affections have
    the metasyncrisis or regeneration of the body their causes seated there. Meteorological ob
    or of some of its parts. servations, have , hence ,ever been attended to ,
    METASYNCRITIC Cycle meant a determinate by the physician, for the purpose of detecting
    seriesof remedies,employed for thispurpose. the precise character of any particular epidemic
    METATAR'SAL , Metatar'seus, ( F.) Méta. influence.
    Larsien. Relating or belonging to the meta- The barometer, thermometer, and hydrome
    tarsus. ter are the instruments used with this intent
    · The METATARSAL Bones, ( F.). Os metatar- to detect, as well the varying weight or pres
    siens, are five in number, and distinguished by sure, and the temperature, as the moisture.
    their number ; first, second, third, & c ., reckon. Perhaps of the three conditions , the last exerts
    ing from the outer side. more influence, in the production of disease ,
    The METATARSAL Row-(F.) Rangée méta- than either of the others. Our knowledge ,
    tarsienne — of the bones of the tarsus, is the however, of this part of Physics is extremely
    second row, or that contiguous to the meta. limited and unsatisfactory.
    tarsus; comprehending thecuboides and three METER, Motpor, Metrum , ' a measurer,' a
    cuneiform bones : some add the scaphoides. suffix to words denoting “ a measurer,' as in
    The METATARSAL PHALANGES are the first Barometer , Plerimeter , & c .
    phalanges of the toes; so called , because they METHÆMACHYMIA , Transfusion .
    are united to the metatarsus . METHE, Temulentia .
    The METATARSAL ARTICULA'Tions are those METHEGLIN , Melizomum.
    resulting from the juncture of the metatarsal METHEMERINOS , Quotidian .
    bones with each other. They are strengthened , METHOD, Meth 'odus. This word has dif
    behind, by dorsal, and plantar ligaments ; and , ferent acceplations in the sciences. In Medi
    before,by a transverse metatarsal ligament, which cine, curative method is the methodical treat
    is plantar, and has the greatest analogy to the ment of disease.
    inferior transverse metacarpal ligament. METHOD , Mariano's. See Lithotomy.
    The METATARSAL ARTERY, Sus-métatarsienne The NUMERICAL METHOD , Method of Observa
    of Chaussier, arises from the A. dorsa'lis Tarsi; tion of Louis, consists in observing every case
    passes transversely over the back of the foot; and every symptom of a case numerically, so
    and furnishes, at its convexity , which is ante- as to ensure, as far as practicable, accuracy of
    rior, three branches, called A. interos'sea dorsa'. observation ; and to enable us by the analysis
    les Pedis. These branches are distributed in and collation of such facts to deduce general
    the interosseous spaces. laws and conclusions ,
    METATARSEUS. See Abductor minimi METHODIQUES, Methodists.
    digiti pedis. METH'ODISTS , Method'ical Sect. (F.) Mé
    METATARSIEN , Metatarsal. thodistes, Méthodiques. A sect of physicians,
    METATARSO -PHALANGIAN, Metatarso- whose doctrine was in vogue after that of the
    phalangia'nus. Relating to the metatarsus and Empirics and Dogmatists, towards the end of
    phalanges. the first century. According to the Methodists,
    The METATARSO- PHALANGIAN ARTICULA- of whom Themison was the chief, almost eve
    TiONs are formed by the bones of the meta- ry disease was dependent on contraction or re
    tarsus and the corresponding phalanges. They laxation ; -strictum or larum . To these two
    bear the greatest analogy to the metacarpo-phi- causes, they added a third - mixed or compound
    langian articulations, ( q . v.) - to include those affections which partook of
    MÉTATARSO -PHALANGIEN- LATÉRAL . the two characters. The doctrine resembled,
    See Interossei pedis . in some respects, that of Brown.
    METATAR'SUS, Metatar' sium ,Metape'dium , METHODOL'OGY . (MEDICAL) Methodo
    Metapodium , from usta, after,' and tapoos, “ the lo gia Medica. A word used, by the French
    tarsus .' The instep. That part of the foot which more especially, to signify method applied to
    is situate between the tarsus and toes, corre- the study of any science. Medical Methodology,
    sponding with the metacarpus. It is composed consequently, means method applied to the
    of five parallel bones ; one to each toe. Like study of Medicine.
    the metacarpal bones, they are developed from METHODUS CELSIANA, see Lithotomy
    two points of ossification . m. Curatoria, Therapeutics — m . Franconiana,
    METATH'ESIS, from petatiImun, ' I change see Lithotomy - m . Guytoniana,see Lithotomy
    place.' Transposi'tio, (q. v . ) An operation , --m . Medendi, Therapeutics.
    by which a morbific agent is removed from one METHOMA’NIA , from user, drunkenness ,'
    57
    1
    METOPANTRALGIA 450 MEURTRISSURE

    and Maria , .mania . ' An irresistible desire for METROCARCINO'MA, Cancer uteri , from
    intoxicating substances. μητρα ,, the uterus ,' and xanxivoja, • cancer. '
    METOPANTRAL' , from pliTwntov , ' the Cancer of the uterus.
    forehead ,' artpor, a GIA
    cavity ,' and anyos, pain .' METROCELIDES , Nævus .
    Pain in the frontal sinuses . METROLOXIA , Hysteroloxia.
    METOPANTRI'TIS, from usmonov ,. the METROMANIA , Nymphomania .
    forehead ,' and artoov, a cavity ,' and itis, de- METROPATHI'A , from prirod , the womb;'
    noting inflammation . Inflammation of the fron- and nædos, affection .' An affection of the
    tal sinuses. womb .
    METOPION , Bubon galbanum . METROPERITONI'TIS, from urtoa , the
    METOPODYNIA , Neuralgia frontalis. uterus,' and peritonitis. Inflammation of the
    METOPON , Front, Frontal bone . uterus and peritoneum . Puerperal Fever. See
    METOPOS'COPY, Metoposco'pia , from je Peritonitis.
    τωπον , the forehead ,' and oxonsiv, to view . ' METROPTOSIS , Prolapsus uteri.
    The art of knowing the temperament and METRORRHAGIA , Hæmoriha'gia uteri'na,
    character of a person, by inspecting the traits Sanguiflux'us uteri'nus , Hæmorrha'a uteri'na,
    of his forehead or face. " See Physiognomy . ( of some,) Menorrha'gia, (of some,) Uterine
    METRA , Uterus. Hemorrhuge , Hemorrhage from the Womb ; (F.)
    METRAL'GIA, from untna ,' the womb,' and Hémorrhagic de la Matrice, Perte, Perle utérine
    użyos, “ pain.' Pain in the uterus.---Baldinger. rouge, from urtga ,' the womb,' and onyrvul,I
    METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of break forth .' ' An effusion of blood from the
    the. inner surface of the uterus, either at the men
    METRATRE'SIA , from untea, the womb,' strual or other periods ; but in a greater quan
    and arrond , imperforation,' An unnatural tity than proper.
    closure of the uterus. Uterine heinorrhage may be caused by those
    METRELCOʻSIS, Metrhelco'sis, from untoa, influences which produce hemorrhage in gene
    ' the womb,' and 'sixos , ' an ulcer . ' Ulceration ral. It happens, however, more frequently du
    of the uterus . ring pregnancy, and during or after delivery,
    METREMPHRAX'IS, from untoa,' the ute. when the vascular system of the uterus is so
    rus,' and euypadow , I obstruct.' Obstruction circumstanced as to favour its occurrence more
    of the womb. A name , under which some au- than at other periods.
    thors have confounded chronic inflammation of The termination of metrorrhagia is usually
    that viscus , and the different degenerations to favourable. Should it , however, be very co
    which it is exposed . pious , or frequently recur ; or , should it happen
    METRENCHYTA, Metren'chytes, from un to a great extent after delivery, death may oc
    toa , ' the uterus,' and eyyuu , ' I inject.' Injec . cur very speedily ; and , in some cases , without
    tion of the uterus. Substances injected into the discharge being perceptible ; constituting
    the uterus are also called Metren'chyta. internal hemorrhage.
    METRHELCOSIS , Metrelcosis . Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive;
    METRIOPATHI'A, from MeTQzo9, tempered,'requiring obviously a different treatment. The
    and nafos , ' affection .' State of an individual , general management is similar to that of He.
    whose passions are temperate . morrhage in general, (q . v.; ) as the horizontal
    METRI'TIS, from urtout, “ the womb.'Fe- posture ; acid drinks; free admission of cool
    bris uteri'na, Hysteri'tis, Empres'ma Hysteritis, air ; cold applications to the loins , thighs, and
    Inflammatio V'leri, Inflamma'tion of the Uterus abdomen ; injection of cold water, even of iced
    orWumb. (F.) Inflammation de lamatrice. The water, into the vagina ; plugging the vagina,
    characteristic symptomsof this affection are : - so as to prevent the discharge per raginam ,and
    pain, swelling, and tenderness in thehypogas- thus induce a coagulum in the mouths of the
    tric region ; with heat, pain, and tenderness of bleeding vessel. Such will be the special plan
    the os uteri; vomiting, smallness, and frequen. adopted where the hemorrhage has occurred in
    cy of pulse. one not recently delivered.
    It occurs, most frequently , after delivery , In uterine hemorrhage, after delivery , the
    when there is, generally, suppression of the same cooling plan must be followed ; but, as
    lochial discharge. the flow of blood is owing to the uterus not
    The treatment must be vigorous. Bleeding contracting so as to constringe its vessels, pres
    early , so as to make a decided impression : fol. sure must be made on the abdomen to aid this ;
    lowed by a full dose of opium, fomentations, and, if necessary, the hand must be introduced
    blisters, & c. into the uterus to stimulate it to contraction .
    Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in Should the female be excessively reduced, so
    its internal membrane, has been called Inflam- as to render the accoucheur apprehensive that
    ma'tio catarrhe'lis u'leri or Acute catarrh, (F. ) she may expire from loss of blood, brandy may
    Catarrhe aigu, of that viscus. It is known by be exhibited. The profuse exhibition of opium
    the discharge of a clear , stringy fluid , per vagi- in such cases , is , at least, a doubtful plan.
    nam ; preceded by pains, which, from the hypo- Transfusion ( 9. v . ) has , at times , been prac
    gastric region, shoot to the thighs, groins, & c. tised as a last resource .
    with more or less fever. It requires the anti- METRORRHEXIS , Uterus, rupture of the.
    phlogistic treatment. METROTOMIA , Cæsarean section.
    Chronic metritis sometimes succeeds the MEU , Æthusa meum .
    acute . To it must be referred the indurations, MEULIÈRE , Molar.
    observed in the uterus, and many of the leucor. MEUM , Æthusa meum .
    rheal discharges , to which females are subject. MEURTRISSURE, Contusion.
    ?

    MEVIUM 431 MILK

    MEVIUM , Syphilis. and opuyuos, ' pulse . ' One who has a small
    MEZEA , Genital organs. pulse.
    MEZEREON , Daphne Mezereum. MICTIO CRUENTA , Hæmaturia-m. In
    MIASM, Miasma , Inquinamen'tum , Conta'- opportuna, Enuresis-m. Involuntaria, Enure.
    gium . The word miasm has, by some , been sis — m . Sanguinea , Hæmaturia.
    employed synonymously with contagion . It is MICTURITION , Mictio, Mictus, from Mic
    now used more definitely : for any emanation, turio, ' I make water. The act of making
    either from the bodies of the sick , or from ani- water.
    mal and vegetable substances , or from the earth , MICTUS CRUENTUS , Hæmaturia.
    especially in marshy districts , (marshpoison , MIDRIFF, Diaphragm .
    Ejlu'dium palus'tre, Gas palus'tre,) which may MIDWIFE, from mio ,' with , ' and pıf , wife ; '
    exert a morbid influence on those who are ex. or, from mid , meed,' recompense ,' and pit ,
    posed to its action. To these terrestrial ema- • wife.' Matro'na, Obstel'rix, Hypere'tria , Mæu,
    nations — the Koino -miasmata of Dr. E. Miller Mæutria, Acces'toris. ( F. ) Sage- femme , Accou
    of New York -- the Italians give the name ariu cheuse. A female who practises midwifery .
    cattiva, but, more commonly , malaria ; a word MIDWIFERY , Obstetrics.
    which has been adopted into other languages. MIEL, Mel - m . d'Acétate de Cuirre, Lini
    The deleterious efluvia, originating from the mentum æruginis - m .Mercuriale composé, Mel:
    decomposition of matter derived from the hu- litum de murcuriali compositum - m . Rosat, Mel
    man body , have been called by Dr. Miller, Idio- Rose .
    miasmata : the epithets Koino and Idio being MIEUTER, Accoucheur.
    derived respectively from xoiros, common , MIGRAINE, Hemicrania .
    and 18105 , ' personal.' MIGRANA, Hemicrania .
    Of the miasms, which arise either from the MIKANIA GUACO , Guaco.
    animal body or from the most unhealthy situa- MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium.
    tions, we know , chymically , nothing. All that MILIAIRE, Miliary fever.
    we do know , is , that, under such circumstances, MIL’IARY (FEVER,) Emphlysis milia'sia,
    emanations take place , capable of causing dis- Miliaria, Miliaris, Febris miliaris, Eranthe'ma
    ease in many of those who are exposed to their miliaria, Syn'ochus miliaria, Aspre'do miliacea ,
    action . Febris essero'sa, Febris puncticula'ris, F. culi
    MIASMATIC , Miasmaticus. Belonging or cula'ris, F.vesicula'ris,Pur'pura puerpera'rum ,
    relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in hisclassifi. P. milia'ris, Febris purpura'te rubra et alba
    cation of diseases according to their etiology, milia'ris, Púrpura alba benig'na et malig'na.
    has a class under the name Morbi miasmatici. ( F.) Miliaire, Millot, Pourpre blanc, Millet. It
    The fevers that arise from marshy miasms, are is so called, from the eruption resembling the
    styled mala'rious, paludal, Helop'yre, Helopy. seed of the milium or millet. Fever, accom.
    retoi, &c . panied by an eruption of small, red , isolated
    MICÆ PANIS . See Triticum . pimples, rarely confluent, but almost always
    MICATIO CORDIS, Systole . very numerous , slightly raised above the skin ,
    MICHE’LIA CHAM'PACA, Champaca, and presenting, at the end of 24 hours, a small
    Champacam , Michelia Tsjampaca, T'sjampaca . vesicle filled with a white, transparent fluid ;
    An Oriental tree, much prized for the odour which quickly dries up, and separates in the
    and beauty of its flowers. The oily infusion form of scales. Miliary fever is now rare, in
    of the flowers is employed, in the Moluccas, in consequence of the cooling practice in fevers
    headache . and other states of the system . It is, almost
    MICROCOSM , Microcos'mus, from peixgos, always, brought on by external heat,and hence
    " little ,' and noquos , ' world .' A little world . the prevention is obvious. The treatment is
    Some philosophers have given this appellation simple. It requires merely the antiphlogistic
    to man, whom they consider as the epitome of regimen, in ordinary cases.
    all that is admirable in the world . The world MILIL SEMINA , Panicum Italicum .
    they call Macrocosm . MILIOLUM. Diminutive of milium , ' mil .
    MICROCOSMA SCIENTIA, Physiology . let ,' Cenchridion . A small tumour on the eye
    lids, resembling, in size , a millet- seed .
    MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA , Physiology . MILITARIS HERBA , Achillea millefolium .
    MICROCOUSTIC , Microcus'ticus, from pre MILIUM, Grutum , Panicum miliaceum, see
    ngos, small,' and axovw, ' I hear. ' This word, Hydatid - m . Indicum , Panicum Italicum-ın.
    as well as Microphonous, from mixoos , small ,' Solis, Lithospermum officinale.
    and porn, voice ,' means any thing that con. MILK , Lac, Gula , ( F.) Lait. A fluid, se
    tributes to increase the intensity of sound — as creted by the mammary glands of the females
    the speaking trumpet - by collecting the sono of the mammalia.
    rous rays. The skimmed milk of the cow , ( F.) Lait de
    MICROGLOS'SIA, from uirgos , ' small,'| Vache, contains water, caseous matter , traces
    and y.woon , ' tongue. ' Original smallness of of buiter , sugar of milk, muriate , phosphate ,
    tongue. and acetate of potass, lactic acid , lactate of
    MICROLEUCONYMPHÆA, Nymphæa alba . iron , and one atom of earthy phosphate.
    MICROPHTHALMOS , from uixoos, ' little ,' The cream is formed of butter , caseum , and
    and opgaduos,' eye.' One who has small eyes. whey, in which there is sugаr of milk and salts.
    MICROR'CHIDES, from mixoos, small,' Cow's milk is employed for the preparation of
    and 90x15, ' a testicle .' They who have very cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk ,
    small testicles . and frangipane. It is useful in a number of
    MICROSPHYC'TOS , from uixoos, ' small,'| cases of poisoning ; either by acting as a de:
    MILK 452 MINIMUM

    mulcent, or by decomposing certain poisons,or Weed, Asclepias Syriaca, Euphorbia corollata


    by combining with others so as to neutralize -m . Wort, bitter, Polygala amaru - m . Wort ,
    them . It is constantly employed as aliment, common , Polygala - m . Wort,rattlesnake, Poly
    and may be regarded as an emulsion, in which gala senega.
    butter and caseum are found in suspension. MILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium .
    When taken into the stomach , it is coagulated MILLEFOLIUM , Achillea millefolium .
    by the gastric fluids , and the coagulum is di- MILLEMORBIA SCROPHULARIA , Scro
    gested like any other solid . The watery parts phularia nodosa.
    are absorbed . MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli.
    Milk , ALMOND, Emulsio amygdalæ. MILLEPERTUIS ORDINAIRE, Hypericum
    Milk , Asses', ( F.) Lait d'anesse, consider- perforatum .
    ably resembles human milk , of which it has the MILLET, Miliary fever -m . Barbodoes, Pa
    consistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a nicum Italicum - m . Common , Panicum mi
    little less creani , and more soft, caseous mat. liaceum -- m . Indian , Panicum Italicum-m.des
    ter. It is often used by those labouring under Oiseaur, Panicum Italicum - m . Ordinaire, Pa
    pulmonary affections . nicum miliaceum .
    Milk , Éwes ' . (F. ) Lait de Brebis. It affords MILLIGRAMME , from mille, ' a thousand,'
    more cream than cows ' milk ; but the butter is and yoaume , ' a gramme . ' The thousandth part
    softer. The caseum , on the contrary , is fatter, of a gramine ;-about 0.0154 Troy grain.
    and more viscid . It contains less serum than MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra.
    cow's milk . The Roquefort cheeses are made MILLIMETRE , from mille, 6a thousand ,'
    from it. and uerpov , “ measure .' The thousandth part
    Milk , Goats' , ( F.) Lait de Chèvre , -- resem- of the metre ;-equal to 0.03937 Engl. inch, or
    bles cows' milk : the butyraceous matter, how- about two-fifths of a line.
    ever, which enters into its composition, is more MILL MOUNTAIN , Linum catharticum .
    solid than that of the cow . MILLOT, Miliary fever .
    Milk, HUMAN, (F.) Lait de femme,-contains MILPHÆ , Madarosis.
    more sugar, milk , and cream , and less caseum , MILPHOSIS , Madarosis.
    than cows' milk . Its composition differs ac MILTWASTE , Asplenium .
    cording to the distance of time from delivery. MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu -- m . Milo
    Milk, Male's, Sperm , tica, see Acaciæ gumini- m . Scandens, Ca
    Milk , Mares', (F.) Lait de Jument,-con- chang-Parang - m . Senegal,see Senegal, gum .
    tains only a small quantity of fluid , butyrace. MIND, ABSENCE OF , Aphelxia socors,
    ous matter; a little caseum, softer than that of m . Abstraction of, Aphelxia intenta -- m . Un.
    cows' milk , and more serum . sound , Insanity :
    From a considerable number of experiments , MINERALIUM , Antimonium .
    Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six MINIMUM . A minim . The 60th part of a
    kinds of milk ,which they examined, according Auid drachm . This measure has been intro
    to the following table , as regards the relative duced by the London College of Physicians , in
    quantity of the materials they contain . consequence of the uncertainty of the size of
    the drop, (see Gutta .) The subdivision of the
    Sugar of wine pint has, accordingly, been extended to
    Caseum . Buttor . Serum

    Goat Sheep
    ‫ܗ ܂‬
    Muk .

    Woman Ass
    the 60ih part of the fluid drachm ; and glass
    measures, called minim measures, have been
    Sheep Cow Ass Woman adopted by the London College. The propor
    Cow Goat Mare Mare tion between the minims and The drops of vari
    ous fluid preparations is exhibited in the fol
    Ass Woman Cow Cow lowing table . The results were obtained by
    Woman Ass Goat Goat Mr. £ . Durand , a skilful Pharmacien , of Phila
    Mare Mare Sheep Sheep delphia, under circumstances as regards the
    different articles, as nearly identical as possible.
    TABLE OF THE NUMBER OF DROPS OF Dir .
    Milk SICKNESS. A disease , occasionally ob- FERENT LIQUIDS EQCIVALENT TO A FLUID
    served in the States of Alabama, Indiana and DRACHM .
    Kentucky , and which affects both man and Drops.
    cattle , but chiefly the latter. It is attributed in Acid Acetic Crystallizable, 120
    cattle to something eaten or drunk by them ; Acid Hydrocyanic (Medicinal,) 45
    and in man to the eating of the flesh of animals Muriatic , 54
    labouring under the disease . Owing to the Nitric , 84
    tremors that characterize it in animals , it is diluted ( 1 to 7), 51
    called the Trembles. Sulphuric , 90
    The symptoms of the disease are such as are aromatic, 120
    produced by the acro- narcotic class of poisons diluted ( 1 to 7 ,) 51
    - vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agita- Alcohol (rectified Spirit,) 138
    tion , & c.: and the approved indications of Alcohol , diluted (proof Spirit, ) 120
    treatment appear to be - gentle emetics and Arsenite of Potassa, solution of, 57
    laxatives, with quiet, and mucilaginous drinks . Ether, Sulphuric, 150
    Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia carollata - m . Su- Oil of Aniseed,Cinnamon, Cloves, Pep
    gar of, Sugar of milk -m . of Sulphur, Sulphur permint, Sweet Almonds, Olives, 120
    præcipitatum -m . Vetch , Astragalus verus -- m . Tinciure of Asafoetida , Foxglove, Gua
    Vetch , stemless, Astragalus exscapus - m . jac , Opium , 120
    MINISTER 453 MITHRIDATE

    Drops. glister in irritations during dentition and in


    Tincture of Muriate of Iron , 132 ascarides. Dose , 3ss to ziss .
    Vinegar , distilled , 78 Mistura ASAFETIDÆ PRO CLYSMATE , Enema
    of Colchicum , 78 fætidum .
    of Opium ( black drop ,) 78 MISTURA CAMPHORÆ , Camphor mixture ,
    of Squill, 78 Camphor julep, Mistura camphoru'ta , Jula'piuin
    Water , distilled, 45 e camphorâ seu camphora'tum , (F. ) Julep cun
    Water of Ammonia (strong,) 54 phoré . (Camphor 3ss ; rectified spirit, 10 minims,
    Do. do . (weak ,) 45 water a pint. Rub the camphor anu spirit ; add
    Wine ( Teneriffe ,) 78 the water and filter.) Virtues like those of
    Antimonial, 72 camphor. See Emulsio Camphoræ .
    of Colchicum , 73 Mistura Cornu Usti , Decoc'tum cornu cerni'.
    of Opium , 78 ni, Decoctum album , Decoction of burnt harts .
    horn , Mixture of burnt hartshorn . ( Cornuum
    MINISTER GYMNASTÆ , Pædotriba. ust . Zij , acacia gum.cont. Zj , aquæ ibiij. Boil to
    MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum rubrum-m . Græ- bij, constantly stirring and struin . Ph. L.)
    corum , Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum - m . MisturA CRETÆ , Potio carbona'tis calcis,
    Purum , Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum . Mistura creta'cea , Mucila'go cretica, Chalk mis
    MINORATIVUS, Laxative. lure , ( F. ) Mixture de craie. ( Cretæ pp. 3ss ,
    MINT, COCK , Tanacetum balsamita-m . sacchar. purif. ziij . acaciæ gumm . zss, aquæ
    Curled , Mentha crispa-m . Cat, Nepeta — m . ibj. Mix Ph . L.) Antacid and absorbent. Dóse ,
    Horse, Monarda punctata - m . Hyssop- leaved, 3j to zij.
    Mentha cervina –m . Pepper , Menthapiperita- Mistura DIABOLICA. A mixture under this
    m . Spear, Mentha viridis-In . Water, Mentha name is kept in military hospitals for the malin
    aquatica . gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingredi
    MINUTHESIS, Meiosis. ents, as aloes , asafetida , castor, & c ., and is
    MISANTHROPIA , Misanthropy, Eranthro'- given so as to keep up a disagreeable depression
    pia , from mioos , ' hatred ,' and avhowros ,'man .' on the gustatory nerves.
    A version for men and society. A symptom of MISTURA EMETI'NÆ VOMITO'RIA , Emetic Mir
    melancholy, and hypochondriasis. ture of emetine. ( Emetine, 4 gr., orange-flower
    MISCARRIAGE, Abortion. water Zij,syrup, Ess , M. ) A dessertspoonful
    MISERERE MEI , lleus . every half hour till it acts.
    MISHME TEETA , Coptis Teeta . Mistura Ferri Composita, Compound mir
    MISMAR, Mesemar. A name given by ture of iron , ( F. ) Mirture de fer composée. Grif
    Avicenna to a kind of nodus, which formson fith's mixture . (Myritt. cont. 3j, potassæ sub
    the toes as the sequel of contusion or inflamma- carb. gr . xxiv ,aquæ rosa Zviis, ferri sulph.cont.
    tion of those parts . Əj , sp. myristic. Zss, sacchar. pur. 3j. Rub to
    MISOPTO'CHOS, from u100s, ' hatred,' and gether the myrrh, subcarbonate of potass, and
    TWX0$, “ poor . ' That which has hatred for the sugar ; then add, while triturating, the rose
    poor. The gout (q . v.) has been so called by water, spirit of nutmeg ; and, lastly, the sul
    some, because it commonly affects the rich . phate of iron . Pour the mixture directly into
    MISTLETOE , Viscum album . a glass bottle and stop it close. Ph. L.) It is
    MISTU'RA . A mixture. A mingled com- tonic and emmenagogue and is useful wherever
    pound , in which different ingredients are con iron is indicated .
    iained in the fuid state ; suspended or not by Mistura Gua'laci , Mixture of guaiac, Lac
    means of mucilaginous or saccharine matter. guaiaci, Emulsio guaiaci'na, Mistura guaiaci
    In this sense,it is synonymous with the French gummo'sa, M. gummi gua'iaci Berge'ri, Solu'tio
    Potion. In France, however,the word mixture guaiaci gummo'sa, S. resi'næ guaiaci aquo'sa,
    is more frequently understood to mean a liquid (F.) Mature de Gayac. (Guaiac. G. resin. giss,
    medicine, which contains very active substances sacch.pur. Zij, muc. acaciæ gum .Zij, aq. cinnam .
    and can only be administered by drops. A mix . 3viij . Rub the guaiacum with the sugar; then
    ture, in other words, in the French sense, may with the mucilage. Add, gradually , the cinna
    be regarded as a potion, (q . v.) deprived of mon water. Ph . L. ). Dose, zss to zij.
    watery vehicle. Mistura GUMMI Guaraci BERGERI, Mistura
    Mistura Ac''idi HYDROCYAN'ıcı, Mirture of Guaiaci -m . Leniens, Looch ex ovo .
    Prussic acid , Mélange pectoral (Magendie.) MISTURA Moschi , Musk mixture, Mistura
    (Medicinal prussic acid , 1 drachm , distilled wu- moschata. ( Moschi, acacia cum contus., sacch.
    ter, 314 , pure sugar , Ziss.) A dessert spoon- purif., sing: 3j , aq rosa zvj. Rub the musk
    ful every morning and evening, as a pectoral, with the sugar; add the gum , and, by degrees,
    &c. the rose - water. Dose,
    Ph . L. ) Zss to 3ij.
    MISTURA AMMONI'Act, Lac ammoniaci, Mir- Mistura STRYCHNI'NÆ, Mixture of strych
    ture of ammoniac. (G. ammoniac. zij, aquæ nine. ( Distilled water, zij , very pure strych
    lbss. Rub the ammoniacum : adding the water nine, 1 gr. , white sugar 3ij, M.) Dose , a des
    gradually, until they are perfectly mixed . Ph. sert spoonful.
    L.) Dose, zss to 3j . Mistura SULPHURICO-ACIDA, Elixir acidum
    Mistura AMYGDALÆ, Emulsio amygdalæ . Ilalleri - m . Vulneraria acida, Arquebusade
    Mistura AsaFETIDÆ , Lac asafætide , Emul' eau d .
    sio antihyster'ica, Mixture of asafatida , (F. ) Lait MITELLA , Sling.
    d'asufætida. (.Asafatida , 3ij, aquæ, ibss. Rub MITH'RIDATE , Mithridatium , Antidotum
    together, adding the water by degrees. Ph . L.) mithridaticum , Diascin'ci antidotus, Confec'tio
    Used where pills cannot be swallowed and as ál Damoc'rutis. A very compound electuary, into
    MITRA HIPPOCRATICA 454 MOLAR

    which entered—Myrrh , of Arabia, Suffron, cochlea pass. The modiolus forms the inner
    Agaric, Ginger, Cinnamon , Frankincense, Gar- and larger portion of the central pillar, and is
    lic, Mustard , Birthwort,Galbanum , Castor, Long the cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus
    pepper, Opoponar, Bilellium , Gum Arabic,auditorius internus. It lodges a branch of the
    Opium , Gentian, Orris, Sagapenum , Valerian, auditory nerve. The central portion of the
    Acacia, Hypericum , Canary wine, Honey, &c . modiolus contains a number of minute canals,
    It was invented by Mithridates, king of Pontus and is called in consequence Tractus spiralis
    and Bithynia, and was formerly regarded as foraminulo'sus. Into these the nerves of the
    alexipharmic. It is little used at the present cochlea enter, and pass out at right angles be.
    day ; and,from its heterogeneous nature, should tween the bony plates forming the Zona ossea
    be wholly abandoned . of the lamina spiralis , to be expanded on the
    MITRA HIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo- membranous portion of the lamina.
    crate. Mopiolus also means the Crown of the trepan .
    MITRAL , Mitra'lis. Having the form of a MODIUS. A dry measure , the third of an
    mitre ; resembling a bishop's mitre . amphora , equal to the bushel . — Varro.
    The MITRAL VALVES, Vaťrulæ mitra'les, V. MODUS OPERAN'DI . This term is ap
    episcopa'les. Two triangular valves , at the plied to the general principle upon which reme
    opening of communication between the left dies act in morbid states of the body ;-asubject
    auricle of the heart and the corresponding ven- of much interest, although involved in conside
    tricle. These valves are formed by the inner rable obscurity .
    membrane of the left cavities of the inner heart; The following classification will convey some
    and are retained on the side of the ventricle by idea of the ways in which different organs may
    tendinous cords, proceeding from the columnæ be excited into action .
    carneæ . They form species of valves, which TABLE .
    permit the blood to pass from the auricle into
    the ventricle and oppose its return . 1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and by
    MITTE ( F. ), Epu'vium Latrina'rium . An 2. Byabsorption
    animpulseor conveyed
    mediate contact.
    bythe nerves, through an
    emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly impression made on the stomach or elsewhere. t
    irritates the eyes. It consists ofammonia, united 3. Bywhich
    contiguous or continuous sympathy ,orby that
    is excited by mere proximity and continuity
    to the carbonic and hydro -sulphuric acids. of parts .
    MIXTURE , Mistura -- m . of Ammoniac, Mis 3
    tura ammoniaci - m . of Asafætida , Mistura MOELLE , Marrow - m . Allongée, Medulla
    A safætidæ - m . Calmante , Looch ex ovo - m .oblongata - m . Epinière, Medulla spinalis - m .
    Camphor, Mistura camphoræ - m . Camphor, Vertébrale , Medulla spinalis. 2
    Mist
    -m.ura
    camphoræ -- m . Chalk, Mistura Cretæ MOFETTE . See Mephitism .
    de Craie, Mistura cretæ -- m . of Emetine , MOFFAT , MINERAL WATERS OF. Mof C
    1
    emetic , Mistura emetinæ vomitoria -- m . de Fer fat is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of
    composée , Mistura ferri composita—m.de Gayac, Edinburgh . The water is a cold sulphureous ;
    Mistura Guaiaci - m . Griffith’s, Mistura ferri containing, in a wine gallon , 36 grains of mu V
    composita - m . of Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci -- m . riate of soda, 5 cubic inches of carbonic gas, 4 C
    of Hartshorn , burnt, Mistura cornu usti - m . of azote , and 10 of sulphuretted hydrogen. It
    compound, Mistura ferri composita -m. Musk, resembles Harrow gate water in its properties.
    Mistura moschi - m . of Prussic acid , Mistura MOGILAʼLIA , from moyış, ' with difficulty ,'
    acidi hydrocyanici - m .of Strychnine, Mistura and daher, ' to speak.' Difficult articulation . be
    strychnine. This word is inaccurately written by Paul Zac
    MNEME , Memory . chias, - Mola'lia , Molilal gia , and Molialgia . 1
    0
    MNEME Cephal'icum BAL'SAMUM . A very Impediment of speech. See Balbuties.
    compound medicine, into which entered Balm , MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpu
    Lily , Rosemary, Larender, Borage , Broom , reum .
    Roses, Violet, Saffron , Thyme, Storax, Galla- MOIS , Menses.
    u
    num , & c . MOISTURE, Mador, (F.) Moiteur. Simple
    DA

    D
    MNEMONEUTICE , Mnemonics . humidity of the skin . The skin is said to be
    TE

    MNEMONICS , Mnemon'ice , Mnemoneu'tice, moist or in a state of moisture , when there is


    26UE,

    from μναομαι , “ I recollect.' The art of aiding slight perspiration. P


    the memory by signs ; and of forming, in some MOITEUR, Moisture.
    sort, an artificial memory . MOLA , Patella . P
    MOANING, from Sax. mænan , ' to grieve . ' MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum. 11
    Respira'lio luctuosu, Mychthis'mos. A plaintive MOLAIRE, Molar.
    respiration, in which the patient utters audible MOLALLA , Mogilalia .
    e
    groans. MOLAR , Mola'ris, Millicus, (F.) Molaire ,
    MOBILITY , Mobilitas. The power of being Meulière. That which bruises or grinds; from Ja
    moved. In physiology,great nervous suscepti- molaris, 'a grindstone,' or mola, a millstone .'
    bility joined to a disposition to convulsion . The Molar Teeth , Grinders, Jaw Teeth,
    Greatly developed excitability. Molares permanen'tes dentes, Dentes molares,
    MOCHLIA. Reduction of a luxated bone ; Gomphioi , (F.) Dents molaires ou mâchelières ,
    from woyios , a lever . occupy the farther part of each alveolar arch . 0
    MOCHLICUS , Purgative . Their coronæ are broader than they are high ; 2
    MOCK - KNEES , Crusta genu equinæ . unequal, tuberculated ; and the roots are more
    MODIOLUS . One of the hollow cones in or less subdivided. They are 20 in number, 10
    the cochlea of the ear , forming a nucleus, axis, in each jaw. 이
    or central pillar, round which the gyri of the The two first pairs of molar teeth , in each
    MOLASSES 455 MOMORDICA BALSAMINA

    jaw, have been called lesser molares or biscuspid of the embryo, the blastoderma or germinal
    (q. v.), Dentes bicuspida'ti. The coronæ have membrane.
    two tubercles ; the external being more pro- MOLÈNE, Verbascum nigrum.
    minent and larger than the inner. The root MOLILALGIA , Mogilalia.
    is commonly simple ; sometimes bifurcated . MOLI'MEN . • An attempt or struggle .'
    The other three pairs have been termed , MOLIMEN HÆMORRHOIDAʼLE. The hemor .
    Great molares - Dents multicuspidées (Ch .) rhoidal diathesis or impulsion.
    Their coronæ are cubical , rounded , and have, MOLIMEN MENSTRUALE . The menstrual dia
    at the upper surface, four or five tubercles , sepa- thesis or impulsion .
    rated by deep furrows. The root is divided MOLIM'ÉN HÆMORRHAG'ICUM . The
    into two , three, four, and five fangs, which are hemorrhagic diathesis or impulsion .
    more or less curved . MOLLESCENCE, Mollities.
    The third great molaris appears a long time MOLLET, Sura .
    after the others; and, hence, has been called MOLLIPUFFS , Lycoperdon .
    Dens sapientiæ or Wisdom tooth. MOLLIS MATER , Pia mater.
    MOLAR Glands. Two small hodies formed MOLLI''TIES, Molles'cence,Malacismus, ( F.)
    by a collection of mucous crypts ; seated in the Ramollissement, from molles'cere, to become
    substance of the cheeks , between the masseter soft. Preternatural softness of an organ or
    and buccinator muscles, and whose excretory part of an organ .
    duct opens into the mouth opposite the last MOLLITIES CEREBRI, Malaco'sis Cer'ebri, En.
    molar tooth . cephalomala'cia , Mollescence, or softening, or a
    MOLASSES, Melasses. kind of liquefaction of the cerebral substance ;
    MOLE , Mola , from moles, ' mass .' Myle , uvir , the remainder preserving its ordinary consist
    Zephyr'ius fætus,Germen falsum , Pseudocye'sis ency , ( F. ) Rumollissement du cerreau . The
    molaris, Gravid'ilus molaris. A fleshy , insen- symptoms denoting it are equivocal .
    sible , at times, soft, -- at others, hard mass; of Mollities Os'sium , Malucosteo'sis, Malacos '.
    variable and indeterminate size, which forms in teon, Paros'tin flex'ilis, Osteosarco'sis, Spina
    the uterus and is slightly united by vessels to vento'sa (of some,),Osteomala'cia, Sufi'eniny of
    that organ ; from which its feeble vitality is the bones, (F.) Ostéo -malacie, Ostéo malarie, et
    A rare
    derived. It has been conceived by some to be Ostéo -malakié, Ramollissement des os .
    always owing to imperfect conception ; but affection in which the bones are deprived of
    moles may form in the undoubted virgin . their salts , particularly of the phosphate of
    They seein to be owing to a morbid process ; lime , and consist only , or mainly , of gelatine ;
    and certainly are generally connected with hence they acquire a degree of suppleness,
    conception . At times , they contain parts of the which renders them unfit for the performance
    fætus ; but commonly do not. of their functions. The disease generally affects
    At very different periods, in different women , all the bones; but it is especially remarkable,
    the diseased mass is expelled from the uterus , during life, in the long bones which assume
    with ordinary symptoms of abortion ; and the any curvature that may be wished . Very vio .
    case requires similar management. See , also , lent pain is often experienced in them ; and the
    Nævus and Conception , ( false.) urine frequently contains an enormous propor
    MOLECULE , Molec'ula ,Mass'ula ; diminutive tion of calcareous phosphate. The patient is
    of Moles, “ a mass.' A minute portion of any compelled to remain in the horizontal posture ;
    body. Also, the cicatricula , ma'cula , tread of the bones no longer being fixed points for the
    the cock , or embryo part of the impregnated muscles to act upon . The disease has, hith
    ovum , observable by the microscope before the erto, always terminated fatally, and dissection
    ovum has left the ovarium of the hen. It lies has exbibited the gelatinous nature of the
    under the epidermic coats of the yelk , and bones; which ,by desiccation have become trans
    upon its proper coat. If the ovum , according parent, as if they had been macerated in acid .
    to Valentin , be lacerated and its contents mi- Experience has afforded no means of relief
    nutely examined, the cicatricula is found like a in this dreadful affliction . The alkaline salts,
    grayish white disk , which in its whole peri- earthy phosphates, &c. are of little or no use .
    phery, is dense, granulous, and opaque , but in MOLLUSCUM , Atheroma.
    the centre presents a clear nongranulous and MOLOPS , Vibices.
    perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found , MOLYBDÆNUM MAGNESIT,Manganese,
    that when he removedthe dark granulous mass black oxide of.
    by suction with a small tube , there remained a MOLYBDOS , Plumbum .
    perfectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellu- MOLYNE , Anus.
    cid lymph, which had a decidedly spherical MOMIE, Mummy.
    form, but being extremely delicate , was easily MOMIN , Mamei.
    lacerable, and then its fluid escaped. As he MOMOR'DICA BALSAM'INA, Balm -apple ,
    found this, which later naturalists have named Bulsam apple. (F.) Balsamine, Pomme de mer -
    -after its discoverer — the Purkinjean vesicle , veille. The fruit of this oriental tree , Pomum
    in the ova of the ovary , but could not see it in hierosolymita'num , was forinerly considered vul
    ova, which had already entered the oviduct, he nerary.
    gave it the name germinal vesicle. The granu . Momor'dICA ELATE'RIUM , Elaterium , Cu '.
    Tous membrane-- its thickened portion , the so cumis agrestis, C. asini'nus, C. sylvestris , Ela
    called “ cicatricula ,” — and the germinal vesi- te'rium officina'rum , Charan'tia, Bouba'lios, Gua
    cle, constitute those parts of the ovun ), which rerba orba , Wild or Squirting cu'cumber, Ecbo'
    pass immediately into the original foundation lium elate'rium . (F.) Concombre Sauvage, Mo
    mordique Nat. Order , Cucurbitacea . The
    NOVORDIQUE 436 MONTBRISON .

    dried sediment from the juice is the elaterium from poros , ‘one,' and oculus, ' an eye.' A ban
    of the shops. (See Extractum Elaterii . ). It is dage,employed to maintain topical applications
    a most powerful cathartic, and, as such, has over one of theeyes. This bandage, called by
    been used in dropsies. Its active principle is some surgeons Simplex oc'ulus, ( F.) Eil simple,
    the Elatin , Elaterine , or Elaterium . Dose, gr . is made of a roller ihree or four ells long , rolled
    to gr. j , until it operates. into a single ball . See Cyclops.
    MOMORDIQUE, Momordica elaterium. MONOEMERON , Monemeron.
    MONAD , from Monas, ' unity . ' A simple MONOGAS'TRIC , Monogastricus, from
    ‫ܐ‬
    plovos, one , ' and yaoing , stomach .' That which
    particle , or atom , or unit. - Leibnitz.
    $
    MONAR'DA FISTULOʻSA . The Purple has but one stomach . Man is monogastric.
    monar da. The leaves have a fragrant smell; Ruminating animals, on the contrary , are poly
    and an aromatic, somewhat bitter taste. They gastric .
    are reputed to be nervine, stomachic, and deob- MONOGRAPH MEVICAL. Monographia, d
    C
    struent. from uoros ,' one ,' and yoaan, description . An
    MONAR'DA Puncta'ra, Horsemint. Nat. Ord. er professo treatise on a single class of diseases, 2
    Labiatæ . Indigenous in the United States. or on a single disease .
    Stimulant and carminative. The Oleum Mo- MONOMACHON , Cæcum . DO
    nardæ is officinal in the United States . MONOMANIA , Melancholy.
    MONARDA , PurpLE, M. fistulosa. MONOMMATOS , Cyclops . T
    10
    MONDER , ( F. ) Munda're. To render clean MONOPAGIA , Clavus hystericus, Hemi
    or pure . In Pharmacy, it means to separate crania .
    any substance from its impure or useless por- MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops , Monoculus.
    tion. In surgery, monder ou mondifier une MONOPS , Cyclops. 10

    plaie , is to clean or deterge a wound . MONOPSIA , Cyclopia . fr


    MONÆ , Nates. MONOR'CHIS , from poros, ' one ,' and 00/15 ,
    MONDIFICATIFS, Detergents . " testicle .' One who has only one testicle .
    MONDIFIER UNE PLATE . See Monder . MONOSI''TIA , from wovos, ' one,' and Oitos,
    MONEM'ERON , Monoëm'eron, from uoros, food ,' repast. ' The babit of taking only one M
    one,' and MEDO , a day . A name given to meal in the day . DC

    several collyria , wbich were supposed to be ca MONROIA'NUM FORA'MEN. A foramen be


    pable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day . at the anterior part of the lateral ventricles of f
    MONESIA. A vegetable extract, imported the brain , by which they communicate with to
    into Europe from South America within the each other. So called from the second Monro.
    last few years , in hard, thick cakes . It is pre- MONS VENERIS , Monticulus Ven'eris,
    pared from the bark of a tree , whose botanical Ephebe'um , (F.) Mont de Vénus, Pénil, Motte, live
    name is as yet unknown . Eminence sus-pubienne. The more or less pro
    It is very friable, and its fracture very much jecting eminence , situate at the base of the
    resembles thatof a well-torrefied cocoanut. It hypogastrium , above the vulva and in front of
    is wholly soluble in water; and its taste — which the os pubis. At the period of puberty it be
    is at first sweet like liquorice , sometimes be- comes covered with hair, formerly called Tres
    comes astringent. soria , (q . v . )
    It is on account of its astringent properties , MONSTER, Monstrum , Teras. Any organized
    that it has been prescribed in chronic bronchitis, being , having an extraordinary vice of con
    hæmoptysis, diarrhæa, leucorrhæa, uterine he formation, or a preternaturalconversion of every du
    morrhage, & c. It has been applied locally , in part, or of certain parts only .
    the form of ointment. (Mones. p. 1. Adipis, Three species of monsters are usually distin
    p . vij . ) guished . The first comprehends those, that are
    The dose of the Monesia, is from 12 to 40 born with an excessof parts ; as with two heads C
    grains a day . on one trunk , -two trunks with one head , -
    MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia . with five fingers or toes, & c . The second in 11.
    MONGO’LIAN . Anthropologists give the cludes those with a deficiency of parts,-- such
    name Mongolian race to a variety of the human as the acephali , monopes, &c . ;-and the third,
    species, spread over a great part of the north of those with a deviation of parts ,-as where the
    Asia , in China,India , Tbibet, the Moluccas, & c. heart is on the right side , the liver on the TO
    The individuals composing it have the skin of left, & c . &
    a brown red , forehead flat, nose broad , cheeks Amongst the numerous hypotheses enter ်$
    prominent , and lips large . See Homo. tained on the origin or cause of monsters, or
    MONKSHOOD , Aconitum - m . Common , monstrosities — as the state has been called - three
    Aconitum napellus - m . Salutary, Aconitum ad . only are worth mentioning. They have been
    I

    thora . attributed, 1. To the influence of ihe maternal


    MONNI'NA POLYSTA'CHIA. A beautiful imagination on the fætus in utero. 2. To acci
    South American plant. Nat. Ord. Polygaleæ . dental changes, experienced by the fætus at
    Ser . System , Diadelphia Octandria. The bark some period of its uterine existence : and , 3. To
    of the root is a powerful astringent , and much a primitive defect in the germs. The second
    used in South America, in diseases of the seems to be the only one, that is philosophical.
    bowels . As a medico- legal question, monsters, if capa of
    MONOCEPH'ALUS , from poros , ' one,' and ble of action as individuals, have the same :
    nepain , 'head.' A compound monster having rights as other persons. ta
    two bodies with a single head. MONSTROSITY . See Monster.
    MONOCOLON , Cæcum , Rectum . MONT DE VENUS, Mons veneris. сa
    MONOCULUS, Mon'ocle, Monoph'thalmus , MONTBRISON , MINERAL WATERS
    G
    MONT- DE -MARSAN 457 MORIOPLASTICE

    OF. M. is a town in France, in the depart- cus, Epilepsy -- m . Dissolutus, Dysentery - m .


    ment of the Loire; 15 leagues from Lyons. Divinus , Epilepsy - m . Epidemicus gutluris
    There are three cold springs here, which are Foresti, Scarlatina -- m . Extrinsecus, External
    highly acidulous, and used as refrigerants and disease -- m . Fluminiensis, Scherlievo - m . Gal.
    aperients. licus , Syphilis - m . Heracleus, Epilepsy - m .
    MONT-DE -MARSAN , MINERAL WA . Herculeus, Epilepsy-m. Hispanicus, Syphilis
    TERS OF. M. is a small French town,10 - m . Hypochondriacus, Hypochondriasis - m .
    leagues from Dax ;where there is a chalybeate Indicus, Syphilis - m . Interlunius, Epilepsy
    spring, somewhat frequented . m . Ischiadicus, Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa - m .
    MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF. Italicus, Syphilis - m . Lateralis, Pleuritis — m .
    M. is a village 7 leagues from Clermont ( Puy. Lazari, Elephantiasis - m . Lunaticus, Epilepsy
    de-Dôme,) atwhich are several mineral springs, -m . Luteolus, Icterus - m . Maculosus hæmor
    cold and thermal. Those of the Fountain La rhagicus Werlhofi, Purpura hæmorrhagica
    Madelaine, and of the Great Bath, are thermal: m . Magnus, Epilepsy — m . Major, Epilepsy
    and contain carbonic acid , subcarbonate , sul. in . Mensalis, Epilepsy - m . Mercurialis, Eczema
    phate, and muriate of soda, subcarbonate of mercuriale -- m . Metallicus, Colic , metallic - m .
    lime and magnesia , alumine and oxide of iron . Mucosus, Fever, adeno-meningeal-- m . Nauti
    Those of St. Margaret are cold, and contain cus, Nausea marina-m. Neapolitanus, Syphilis
    much carbonic acid . -m. Niger, Melæna - m . Oryzeus, Cholera — ın .
    MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS Pallidus, Chlorosis - m . Parthenius, Chlorosis
    OF. This town is situate near Borgo- Buggiano, --m . Pediculosus, Phtheiriasis - m . Phæniceus ,
    in Tuscany. The springs are thermal ; ranging Elephantiasis - m . Pilaris, Trichiasis - m . Por
    from 780 to 1180 Fahrenheit. cinus, Essera - m . Popularis, Epilepsy-m .
    MONTHLY COURSES , Menses. Psoadicus , Lumbar abscess-m. Publicus, Epi
    MONTICULUS VENERIS , Mons V. demy - m . Puerilis, Epilepsy - m . Pulicularis,
    MOON , Luna, Jelenë, Mene,Sax. Mona, ( G.) Typhus gravior - m . Regionalis, Endemic - m .
    Mond . ( F. ) Lune. The moon has been sup- Regius, Icterus- m . Sacer, Epilepsy - m . Sancti
    posed to exert considerable influence over the Valentini, Epilepsy — m . Scarlatinosus, Scarla
    human body, in health and disease . Such in- tina - m . Scelestus, Epilepsy - m . Scrophulo
    fluence has been grossly exaggerated. Not sus, Scrofula - m . Seleniacus, Epilepsy — m .
    many years ago, it would have been heretical Silesiacus, Raphania - m . Sonticus, Epilepsy
    to doubt the exacerbation of mania, at the full m. Spasmodicus malignus seu popularis, Ra.
    of the moon ; yet it is now satisfactorily shown , phania - m . Strangulatorius, Cynanche trache
    that if the light be excluded at this period, the alis - m . Sudatorius, SudorAnglicus - m.Tuber
    lunatic is not excited more than ordinarily. culosus, see Tubercle - m . Ungaricus, Fever,
    MOONSTRUCK , Lunatic. Hungaric - m . Verminosus, Helminthiasis-m.
    MOORBERRY , Vaccinium oxycoccos. Vernaculus, Endemic - m . Vervecinus, Influ .
    MOORSHEAD, Alembic. enza-m. Virgineus , Chlorosis-m . Viridellus,
    MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED, Andro- Epilepsy - m . Vitriolatus, Epilepsy—m. Vocis,
    meda mariana . Phononosus .
    MOPHETA. See Mephitism . MORCEAU DU DIABLE, see Tuba Fallo
    Acquired diseases- piana
    MORBI ACQUISITIm ., Adventitii, – m . Frangé, see Tuba Fallopiana.
    m. Acuti , see Acute - Acquired MOR'DICANT, Mor'dicans, Calor mor'di
    diseases — m . Anniversarii, Annual ' diseases, cans. A morbid heat,causing a disagreeable pun .
    m. Annui, Annual diseases - m . Chronici , Chro- gent sensation in the fingers of the physician .
    nic diseases - m . Cognati, Innate diseases - m . MOREA , Morus nigra .
    Complicati, Impliciti morbi — m . Congeniti , In- MORELLE, Boletus esculentus-m. à Fruit
    m . Connati, Connate
    nate diseases-Conjuncti diseases , noir, Solanum - m . Furieuse, Atropa belladonna
    m. Connexi , morbi - m . Consequen- -m . en Grappes, Phytolacca decandra - m .
    tes, Conjuncti morbi-m . Constrictorii , see Grimpante, Solanum dulcamara .
    Spasmoticus - m . Dispersi, Sporadic diseases- MORETARIUM , Mortar.
    m. Interni, Internal diseases-- m . Nervosi , Ner- MORE'TUS , Moretum . Ancient name of a
    vous
    diseases- m . Olfactus, Osmonosi - m . cordial julep, into the composition ofwhich the
    Sparsi, sporadic diseases - m . Spasmotici, see syrup of mulberries entered -Schröder.
    Spasmoticus - m . Subacute, see Acute , m. Tac- MORGAG'NI, HUMOUR OF. A peculiar,
    tus, Haphonosi. transparent, slightly viscid fuid, found between
    MORBILLI, Rubeola - m . Ignei, Scarlatina the crystalline and its capsule .
    -m. Variolosi, Rubeola. MORGELINE, Alsine media.
    MORBOSUS , Sickly. MORIA , Idiotism-m. Demens , Idiotism-m.
    MORBUS, Disease --- m . Anglicus, Rachitis- Demens lerema , see Dementia — m . Imbecilis
    m. Aphrodisius, Syphilis - m .Arcuatus, Icterus amnesia, Amnesia.
    -m . Arietis, Influenza - in. Arquatus, Icterus MORINGA OLEIFERA , Guilandina morin.
    -m . Articularis, Gout - m . Attonitus , Apo- ga - m . Zeylanica, Guilandina moringa.
    plexy - m . Brightii , Kidney , Bright's disease MORIOŃ , Genital organs.
    of the - m . Bullosus, Pemphigus-m . Caducus, MORIOPLASTICĒ , Chirurgia curto'rum ,
    Epilepsy --m .Cæruleus, Cyanopathy — m . Cal- Ch. Anaplas'tica, Restitutio organ'icu seu par'.
    culi, Lithia -- m . Cardiacus, Cardialgia - m.Cir- tium deperdita'rum , Transplanta'tio, Anaplus'tic
    rorum , Plica - m . Cæliacus , Celiac flux - m . Surgery, Autoplus'ty or Autoplastic or Plastic
    Comitialis , Epilepsy -- m . Croatus, Scherlievo- Surgery, Chirur' gia plas'tica, from poplov, ' a
    m . Cucullus, Pertussis - m . Cystophlegmaticus, part, and thaotixos, ' forming.' The restora .
    a- m . Dæmonius, Epilepsy - m . Deifi. tion of lost parts. The operations for this pur
    58
    MORO 458 MORTALITY

    pose have various names, according to the part Putativa , Asphyxia - m . Repentina, Demotivus
    concerned, as Cheiloplastice, Ceratoplastice, Rhi- lapsus- m . du Diable, Scabiosa succisa .
    noplastice , & c. MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellæ anti
    MORO, from morum , " a mulberry :' - Morum . moniales Kunckelii.
    ( F.) Mure . A small abscess, resembling a mul. MORSU LI STIBI1 , Tabelle antimoniales
    berry. A small tumour, of a similar appear. Kunckelii .
    ance, particularly on the genital organs after MORSUS, Degmos - m . Diaboli, Scabiosa
    impure coition . succisa , see Tuba Fallopiana - m .Gallinæ , Al
    MOROCH'THOS, Morox'os. A stone, to sine media - in . Ventriculi, Cardialgia.
    which the ancients attributed marvellous pro- MORT , Death - m . du Chien , Cholera -- m .
    perties , and which entered into collyria, ce aux Chiens, Colchicum autumnale - m . aut
    rates , & c . Galen . Panthères , Doronicum pardalianches.
    MOROCOMIUM , Morotrophium . MORTA , Pemphigus.
    MORODOCHIUM , Morotrophium . MORTAL , Morta'lis, Letha'lis, Leta'lis,
    MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism . Thanato'des. That which is subject to death ;
    MOROSITA’TES. A generic name, given that which causes death :-as, man is mortal ;
    by Linnæus to an order of Vesaniæ ; in which a disease is mortal. Of old , it was the custom
    he included pica , buliinia, polydipsia, antipa. to have a division of mortal wounds, which
    thia, nostalgia, panophobia, satyriasis , nym- gave rise to many errors in medico -legal in
    phomania , tarentismus, and hydrophobia. vestigations , as the mortality of wounds de
    MOROTROPHIUM, Morocomi'um , Mo- pends upon various circumstances; and it is
    rodochi'um , from uogos, ófátuous,' and ipour, often a matter of extreme difficulty, to pro
    support. ' An insane establishment; a lunatic nounce whether or not a wound is necessarily
    asylum ; a mad-house. Under proper manage- mortal.
    ment, a valuable institution ; but liable to va. MORTAL'ITY, Mortal'itas, Lethalitas, ( F. )
    rious abuses. Mortalité. This word , taken in an extended
    MOROXIS , Morochthos. sense, expresses the condition of all organized
    MORPHÆA ALBA , Lepra alphoides- m . beings,-of being subject to the cessation of
    Nigra, Lepra nigricans. life. In the sense in which it is most frequently
    MORPHIA , Morphina. employed, it signifies,-the proportional quantity
    MOR'PHICA, from uogan, shape.' Mon- of individuals who , in a certain population , die
    strosities of birth . The 3d order, class Typhica in a given time.
    of Good . If we assume the population of the earth to
    MORPHINA, Mor'phium , Morphia , Mor- be one thousand millions, and a generation to
    phine . A solid , colourless alkali; crystallizable last thirty - three years : in that space of time
    in beautiful pyramids, truncated and trans- the one ihousand millions must all die ; and ,
    parent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so in consequently, the number of deaths will be , by
    boiling water. It exists , combined with me approximation,
    conic acid, in opium . It may be obtained by Each year , 30,000,000
    decomposing, by means of ammonia or calcined Each day , 82.109
    magnesia, an aqueous solution of opium made Each hour, 3,421
    in the cold . Each minute , 57
    Morphine dissolves perfectly in the acids, Each second , I nearly
    which it saturates ; and with which it forms If, on the other hand, as has been supposed ,
    very crystallizable salts, with the exception of the number of deaths is to that of the births as
    the acetat e . All these salts have a bitter taste , ten to TWELVE : there will be born ,
    and act upon the animal economy in the same Each year , 36,000,000
    manner as opium , but more powerfully. The Each day , 98,356
    acetate is the salt commonly employed in medi- Each hour, 4,098
    cine. It was, at one time, supposed that the Each minute , 68
    Morphine is the purely sedative part of opium, Each second, 1 & 2-15ths.
    divested of its irritating properties ; but expe- It has been estimated, that the average mor
    rience has not proved this. On the contrary, tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49 ; of
    Morphine will generally disagree where opium Sweden and Holland, 1 in 48 ; of Russia , 1 in
    does. Dose of Morphine | to of a grain . 41 ; of France , 1 in 40 ; of Austria, 1 in 3€ ;
    MORPHINÆ ACE'TAS, Ac'etate of Morphine. A of Prussia and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35 ; of Eng .
    salt, formed by saturating morphine with acetic land, 1 in 58 ; and of South America, 1 in 30.
    acid . Dose , from of a grain to a grain . The same rate of mortality has been given to
    MORPHIN SULPHAS, Sulphate of Morphine. A the United States as to France ; but the sta
    salt , formed by saturating morphine with sul- tistical details on all this matter have been in
    phuric acid. Dose, the same as of the ace- adequate, and—it is not improbable - inaccu
    tale . rate .
    The MURITE and the CitraTE OF MORPHINE The following has been given as the annual
    have likewise been used , but they possess no mortality of some of the chief cities of this
    advantages over the other salts . country and of Europe : ( See the Author's
    MORPHIUM , Morphina. Elements of Hygiène, p. 136 : Philadelphia,
    MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy. 1835.) Philadelphia, 1 in 45 68 ; Glasgow , 1
    MORPHOTOMY. See Anatomy. in 44 ; Manchester, I in 44 ; Geneva , 1 in 43 ;
    MORPIO . See Pediculus . Boston , 1 in 41.26 ; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; Lon
    MORPION, Crablouse, see Pediculus. don , 1 in 40 ; New York, I in 37.83 ; St. Pe
    MORS, Death-m . Apparens, Asphyxia - m . Itersburgh, 1 in 37 ; Charleston , 1 in 36,50 ;
    MORTAR 459 MOTORY

    Leghorn , 1 in 35 ; Berlin , 1 in 34 ; Paris, MOSCHELÆ'ON , Moscola'a . A compound


    Lyons, Strasburg, and Barcelona, 1 in 32 ; aromatic oil, containing musk,
    Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31 ; Madrid, 1 in 29 ; MOSCHUS, Musk - m . Arabum , Hibiscus
    Naples, 1 in 28 ; Brussels, 1 in 26 ; Rome, 1 in abelmoschus - m . Factitius, Musk , artificial.
    25; Amsterdam , 1 in 24 ; and Vienna, 1 in 224. MOSCOLÆA , Moschelæon .
    In the cities, the mortality under two years of MOSQUITO ( S.) Diminutive of (S.) mosca ,
    age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited by the ' a fly.' A very troublesome insect in warm ,
    following table : moist situations. Curtains, called Mosquito
    AGES. London . Philadelphia. Baltimore. curtains, are used in India , by way of protec
    Under 1 year, ? 22.7 24.11 tion . The entrance of mosquitos into the bed
    28.52
    From 1 to 2,5 8.6 8.55 chamber may also be prevented, to a certain
    2 to 5, 9.97 7.3 11.18 extent, by keeping the doors and windows
    5 to 10, 4.33 4. 5. closed until the light is extinguished. The
    10 to 20, 4.03 5. 6.3 pain and itching from the bites are alleviated
    20 to 30, 6.64 12. 9.87 by washing them with hartshorn .
    30 to 40, 8.08 12 . 10.58 Mosquita is a name given , by the Portu
    40 to 50 , 8.89 10 . 8.88 guese , to small, red pimples on the skin , re
    50 to 60, 8.89 7.2 5.78 sembling the bites of the mosquito .
    60 to 70, 9.15 5. 4.5 MOSS CLUB , Lycopodium - m . Cup, Lichen
    70 to 80, 7.83 3.5 3. pyxidatus—m . Iceland, Lichen Islandicus-m .
    80 to 90 , 3.18 1.9 1.67 Irish , Fucus crispus.
    90 to 100, 0.40 0.5 0.26 MOTA , Fagus castanea .
    100 to 110, 0.09 MOTAMEN , Motion.
    0.18 MOTATIO , Motion .
    110 to 120, 0.013
    MOTHER'S MARKS, Nævus.
    MORTALITY, Bills of ; Bills of Necrology, MOTHER's Spots, Navus.
    ( F.) Tables de Mortalité. Tables, instituted for MOTHERWORT , Leonurus cardiaca , Ma
    the purpose of exhibiting the number of deaths, tricaria.
    & c . in a given time. Well kept bills of mor- MOTILITY . Motilitas, from motus, ' move
    tality are of great use to the physician and po- ment. ' ( F. ) Motilité. Faculty of moving.
    litical economist. Those of London have been Moving power, contractility .
    proverbial for theirinaccuracy and insufficiency; MOTION , Motus, Motio , Mota'tio, Mola'men,
    especially as regards the complaints of which Commo'tio, Permo'tio, Cine'sis. The act of
    the persons have died . They are made out by changing place .
    the parish clerks , and the information is con- The various motions may be divided into ,
    veyed to them by two old women , who are ap- first, the voluntary or those that are executed
    pointed in each parish , and who are called under the influence of the brain . Secondly .
    Searchers ;-their duty being to see that the The involuntary,which may be subdivided into
    deceased has died a natural death . 1. The excited, of the refler function of Dr.
    MORTAR , Morta'rium , Moreta'rium , Piso, Marshall Hall and others, -as the closure of
    Ad'one, Pila, Holmos, ( F. ) Mortier. A vessel the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours , of the
    for reducing to powder different solid sub pharynx on that of thefood ,-a function of the
    stances ; and for making certain mixtures. Dif. spinal marrow ; and 2. Those that are executed
    ferent substances are employed in the construc- under the organic and other nerves of involun .
    tion of mortars ;--iron, marble, glass, wedge - tary function.
    woodware , &c . It is probable , too , that every living tissue is
    MORTARIOLUM , Alveolus. capable ofmoving responsive to its appropriate
    MORTIER, Mortar. irritant. See Irritability .
    MORTIFER , Lethiferous. Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m . Vibratory, see
    MORTIFICA’TION , Necrosis, Mortifica'tio, Cilia .
    from mors, death ,' and fio, I become. The MOTOR , Motory .
    loss of vitality in a part of the body. The in. MO'TORY, Motive, Motor, Motrir . That
    cipient stage of mortification ,when the case is which moves or impresses movement.
    still recoverable, is called Gangrene (q . v .) ; MOTO'RES OCULO'RUM , Motorii Oculorum ,
    total destruction, Sphacelus (q. v.) Mortifica. Ocula'res commu'nes,Ophthalmici erter'ni, Com
    tion of a bone is called Necrosis, (q . v.) mon Oculo -muscular Nerves, ( F.) Nerfs moteurs
    MORTIFICATION, Ergot, Ergotism - m . Mil. oculaires communs, (Ch .) The third pair of
    dew, Ergotism . nerves . This nerve arises from a depression at
    MORTOOTH , Cupri sulphas. the inner side of the peduncles of the brain ,
    MORUM . See Morus nigra . between the tuber annulare and corpora mam
    MORUS NIGRA . The Mulberry- Tree, millaria. It enters the outer part of the caver
    More'a . Sycami'nos. (F.) Mûrier Noir. The nous sinus, and passes into the orbitar cavity .
    fruit of the mulberry -tree, Morum , Sycami'num , Behind the sphenoidal fissure , it divides into
    ( F. ) Mûre, is pleasant, sweet, subacid, and two branches; the one , superior; and the other,
    abounds with a deep violet-coloured juice. A inferior. The former is lost on the rectus su
    syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopæia. perior oculi and the levator palpebræ superioris;
    The bark of the root has been regarded as an- the latter-the larger of the two - divides into
    thelmintic . three branches, which pass to the rectus inter
    MORVE, Mucus,Nasal mucus . See Equinia. nus , rectus inferior, and lesser oblique. The
    MORVE FARCINEUSE . See Equinia. last furnishes a filament, which passes to the
    MOS , Habit. ophthalmic ganglion.
    MOTOS 460 MUCILAGO

    The Motor Oculi EXTER'NUS, Nerous tim'- , dicates the condition of the membrane of the
    idus,-Nerf oculo -musculaire externe (Ch .,) Nerf alimentary canal generally.
    inoteur oculaire externe, or sixth pair of nerdes, Mouth, SORE, Aphthem. Watering , see
    arises from the furrow , which separates the pons Salivation.
    Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It enters the MOXA, Moribu 'rium . A word by which the
    cavernous sinus ; anastomoses on the outside Chinese and Japanese designate a cottony sub
    of the carotid artery with two filaments fur- stance , which they prepare by beating the dried
    nished by the superior cervical ganglion ; en- leaves of the Artemisia Chinensis , -a kind of
    ters the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is mugwort. With this down , they form a kind
    lost on the rectus externus oculi. This pair is , of cone, which is placed upon the part intended
    also , called Abducentes. to be cauterized , and is set fire to at the top.
    MOTOS, Carbasus, Tent. The heat and pain gradually increase, in pro
    MOTRIX ,Motory . portion as the combustion proceeds downwards,
    MOTTE , Mons veneris. until ultimately an eschar may be formed.
    MOTUS, Motion - m . Compressorius, Pe. In Europe and this country , the same opera
    ristole - m .Intestinorum ,Borborygmus-m. Pe- tion is practised with a cylinder of cotton
    ristalticus, Peristole - m . Testudineus, Peristole wool , or with one formed from the pith of the 과
    -m. Vermicularis, Peristole . greater sun- flower. This mode of cauterization
    MOUCHE, Cantharis — m . d'Espagne, Can- is employed as a powerful counter-irritant ;
    tharis. wbich assuredly " it is . Sloughing may be, in 1
    MOUCHER , L’ACTION DE, Munctio. some measure, prevented, according to Baron
    MOUCHES. See Pains, labour. Larrey, by the application of liquid ammonia
    MOUCHETURE . See Scarification . to the burnt part.
    MOUCHOIR EN TRIANGLE , Coudrechef, MOXIBURIUM , Moxa .
    see Bandeau . MOXIBUS'TION , Mozibus'tio, Encau'sis.
    MOUFETTE . See Mephitism . Mode of cauterization by means of moxa.
    MOULD, Fontanella . MUCAGO , Mucilage.
    MOULE, Mytilus edulis. MUCARUM , Mucharum . $
    MOULEUR , Muller. MUCHA'RUM , Muca'rum . A barbarous term, C
    MOUREILLER, Malpighia mourella . formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses , b
    MOURON DES OISEAUX, Alsine media- sweetened and evaporated to the consistence of
    m . Rouge, Anagallis. syrup.
    MOUSE -EAR , Alsine media, Hieracium pilo MUCILAGE, Mucila'go, Muca'go. A mix
    sella. ture of gum and a small quantity of matter
    MOUSE-SIGHT , Myopia. analogous to mucus, which is found in abun ៤
    MOUSSE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsicana dance in linseed, quince-seed , &c . It is ob
    -M . d'Islande, Fucus crispus - m . Perlée, Fu-tained by heating with water the parts, or pro
    cus crispus . ducts, of plants which contain it. ' It is much
    MOUSSERON. See Agaric. used in the preparation of emollient cataplasms
    MOUSSEUX, Frothy . and of the greater part of the demulcent ti.
    sanes .
    MOUTARDE NOIRE, Sinapis. MucilagE, ANIMAL, Mucus—m . of Quince
    MOUT DE LA BIÈRE, Wort. seeds, Decoctum Cydoniæ-m. Starch , Muci
    MOUTH , Sax. muð , Os, Cavum Oris, Stoma. lago amyli.
    (F.) Bouche. This word sometimes signifies MUCİLAGINEUX ,Mucilaginous.
    the cavity situate between the jaws, and con- MUCILAG " INOUS, Mucilagino'sus, (F. )
    taining the tongue , & c ;—at others, the outer Mucilagineur. That whicle possesses the cha
    orifice of that cavity. The mouth , in the first racter ofmucilage.
    acceptation, is the cavity ; bounded, above, by MUCILAGO, Synovia.
    the palatine arch; below , by the tongue; before, Mucilago Aca'ciÆ , M. Acaciæ Aralicæ, M.
    by the lips ; and behind, by the velum palati Gummi Arab'ici, Mucilage of aca'cia, M. of gum L
    and pharynx. The sides of the mouth and the Arabic. ( Acacia gum . contus. ziv,aq fero .Itss.
    organs it contains are lined by a mucous mem. Rub the gum with the water gradually added ,
    brane. and sttain. Ph . L.) Demulcent. To allay
    The anterior aperture of the mouth is, some cough ; but, chiefly, to suspend insoluble mai
    times, called facial;—the posterior,pharyngeal. ters in water, & c.
    In the mouth are the teeth, gums, alveolar mar. MUCILAGO ARTICULORUM seu JUNCTURARUM,
    gins, tongue ; the excretory ducts of the sali- Synovia.
    vary glands, and those of a number of mueous Mucilago ASTRAG'ALI TRAGACAN'TAE , M.
    follicles, & c. It is in this cavity , that the food tragacantha , M.gummi tragacanthe, Mucilage
    is cut, torn, or bruised by the teeth ; is im- of tragacanth . (Gummi astragal.tragacanth . s
    pregnated with saliva, and formed into a mass triti 3ij, aqua bullient. 3xviij. Macerate for
    or bolus, which is then subjected to the act of 24 hours ; triturate till the gum is dissolved and
    deglutition. The mouth contains the organs of press through linen . Ph . E.) For pharmaceu
    taste : and it serves in respiration , articulation, iical purposes.
    expectoration , suction , &c. MucilagO AM'YLI, Starch mucilage . (Amyli
    Mouth is,also, applied to the open extremi. dually
    ties of vessels .
    3iij , aqua ibj. Rub the starch with the water,gra
    added ; then boil till it forms a mucilage.
    The condition of the mouth requires to be Ph. L.) Demulcent. Generally given per anum .
    attended to in Semeiology. The state of the MUCILAGO CRETICA , Misturæ cretæ - n . Gum
    mucous membrane , like that of the tongue, in- mi Arabici , M. acaciæ-m. Seminis cydonii
    MUCOCELE 461 MURIA

    mali, Decoctum cydoniæ - m . Gummitraga- sents some difference in its composition and
    canthe, M. astragali tragacanthæ - m . Traga- properties, according to the particular mucous
    canthæ , M. astragali tragacanthæ . membrane from which it is obtained . It pre
    MUCOCELE OF THE LACHRYMAL SAC, serves the membranes moist ; and in a state
    Fistula lachrymalis, best fitted for the performance of their func
    MUCOR, Euros, Mucus—m. Narium, Nasal tions. The French give the term gluire to the
    mucus . thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the mucous
    MUCOSITAS, Mucus . membranes , when in a state of disease.
    MUCOSITY , Mucositas. A fluid , which Mucus CATHARTICUS , Lichen islandicus- m .
    resembles mucus or contains a certain quantity Malpighii , Corpus mucosum - m . Narium , Na
    of it. sal mucus .
    MUCOUS , Muco'sus, Mycodes. An epithet MUD APPLE PLANT, Solanum melon
    for all bodies containing mucilage . It is , also , gena.
    sometimes used synonymously with gum . In MUDAR, Madar. The Calotropis mudarii.
    pathology, it is occasionally employed to ex- In the Hindoo practice of physic, the bark of
    press the seat of a disease , as mucous disease, the root, as well as the concrete juice of the
    mucous phlegmasia ; that is , having its seat in plant, enters ofinto various compound formulæ
    the mucous membrane. for the cure elephantiasis and many other
    Mucous MEMBRANES, Membranes, mucous- disorders. Experiments, instituted by Dr. Dun
    m. Web, Corpus mucosum . can , jun ., exhibit its properties to be like those
    MUCRO. The apex or point of the heart. of ipecacuanha.
    Mucro HUMERI , Acromion. MUGUET, Aphthæ, Convallaria maialis - m .
    MUCUS , Mucor, Muco'sus humor , Mucos'itas, des Bois, Asperula odorata - m . de Mai, Conval .
    Myra, Animalmucus, Blenna , Animal mucilage, laria maialis.
    (F.) Muqueux animal, Morde, Mucilage animal. MUGWORT , Artemisia vulgaris .
    A substance, analogous to vegetable mucilage ; MULATRE , Mulatto.
    from which , however, it differs, by affording MULAT'TO , ( F. ) Mulatre, (8. ) Mulata . An
    subcarbonate of ammonia on distillation. Mu- individual of the human species engendered
    cus exudes through the skin , in a state of com- of a white and black race ; from mulus, ' a
    bination with a peculiar oily matter; and, dry . mule . '
    ing, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in The following Table exhibits the proportion
    part, the different epidermeous productions , as of white blood in the various castes,---arising
    the hair, nails, wool , and horn of animals , fea- from the hybridous admixture of white and
    thers of birds and scales of fish. It is found at black , -according to the principles sanctioned
    the surface of the mucous membranes, and pre- by usage.

    PARENTS . OFFSPRING . Degree of Mixture.


    Negro and White , Mulatto, 1-2 White , 1-2 Black .
    White and Mulatto , Terceron , 3-4 1.4
    Griffo or Zambo, 1.4 3-4
    Negro and Mulatto ,
    White and Terceron ,
    Griffsack Zerceron ,}
    Quarteron , 7-8
    -

    1-8
    Negro and Terceron , Black Quarteron , 1-8 78
    White and Quarteron , Quinteron, 15-16 1-16
    Negro and Quarteron , Black Quinteron , 1-16 15-16

    The last two are considered to be respectively | A dead body simply dried ; or dried after hav.
    white and black , in the British West India ing been embalmed . The latter acceptation is
    Islands ; and of these the former are white by the most common . Formerly , the Egyptian
    law, and consequentlyfree. mummy was extolled as useful in contusions.
    MULBERRY TREE, Morus nigra. It was presumed , also, to have healing, tonic ,
    MULES, ( F. ) Mulæ. Chilblains on the heels. and resolvent properties. It is now only re
    MULIEBRIÁ , Vulva. garded as an archæological curiosity.
    MULLEIN, BLACK , Verbascum nigrum- MUMPS , Cynanche parotidæa.
    m . Brond -leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum- MUNCTIO , Apomeris. ( F.) L'action de
    m . Yellow , Verbascum nigrum . moucher. The act of blowing the nose .
    MULLER, ( F. ) Mouleur. A moulder. A MUNDIFICAT IVA , Detergents.
    stone held in the hand , with which any powder MUNGOS RADIX , Ophiorrhiza mungos .
    is ground upon a flat, horizontal stone. It is
    sometimes called mullet. ( F.) Molletle. MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS , Hymen .
    MULLIGRUBS, Tormina . MUQUEUX ANIMAL, Mucus.
    MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus. MUR, Coryza.
    MULSUM , Hydromeli. MURAL , "Murd'lis, from murus, ' a wall .'
    MULTIFIDUS SPINÆ, Transversalis dorsi. Vesical calculi are so called when rugous and
    MULTITUDO , Plethora. covered with tubercles orasperities. They are
    MULTIVORANTIA , Polyphagia. composed of oxalate of lime .
    MUMIA , Mummy. MURE, Moro. See Morus nigra.
    MUMMY, Mumia . Arab; Moumya, from MU’RIA , Halmè, Salsila 'go, Brine. (F. )
    mum , ' wax . Rebole'a , Rebo'na. ( F. ) Momie. Saumure. This was formerly used as a glys
    MURIAS 462 MUSCLE

    ter in dysentery ; in certain inveterate neural- , also, employed as dressings after blisters. The
    giæ, & c. water from the soft trunk is astringent, and is
    Muria , Soda, muriate of. sometimes used in diarrhea.
    MURIAS AURICO -NATRICUM . See Musa SAPJEN'TUM . The Bana'na tree. Ba
    Gold . coba . (F.) Bananier, Bacore . This differs
    MURIATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammoniæ somewhat from the last. The fruit is shorter ,
    murias - m . d'Ammoniaque et de fer, Ferrum straighter, and rounder ; the pulp softer and of
    ammoniatum — m . d'Or, Gold , muriate of. See a more luscious taste. When ripe , it is very
    Gold . agreeable ; is eaten like the plantain , and re
    MURIAT'ICUM , AC'IDUM , Ac" idum salis, lished by all ranks of people in the West In
    Spir'itus salis mari'ni, Sp. salis Glaube'ri, Aci- dies. Both varieties are natives of Guinea.
    dum marinum concentra'tum , Acidum salis MUSC , Musk .
    culina'ris, Acidum salis marini, Spiritus salis MUSCA HISPANICA , Cantharis . 1
    acidus seu fumans, Acidum hydrochlor'icum , MUSCADE .See Myristica moschata . I
    Muriat'ic acid, Spirit of salt. ( F.) Acide hy. MUSCADIER, Myristica moschata .
    drochlorique ou muriatique. The odour of mu- MUSCLE , Mus'culus, Lacer'tus, Mys, Myon, 2
    riatic acid is suffocating ; taste veryacid and from uvs,' a rat;' because, say some etymolo D
    caustic. It is nearly colourless when pure ; gists, the ancients compared the muscles to
    but commonly of a pale yellow ; volatile ; the flayed rats. According to Diemerbroeck , Doug.
    fumes visible. S. G. 1.160 to 1.200. 100 grains las, Chaussier, & c., uvor comes rather from
    should saturate 124 grains of subcarbonate of uveiv, to close,' to move,' & c., a function
    soda. Muriatic acid is possessed of tonic and proper to muscles. This etymon is the more a
    antiseptic properties. It is used in typhus, cu probable . 2
    taneous eruptions ; in gargles for intlammatory Muscles have been divided into those of Ani. &
    and putrid sore throats , ( gtt xxx to zvj of mal life, or of the life of relation ,-roluntary
    water ,) & c. When added to a pediluviuin , it muscles — which execute movements under the
    renders it stimulating . influence of the will ; as the muscles of the
    The Acidum MURIATICUM Diluſtum of the limbs , head , trunk, & c. and into those of or 0

    Ph. D.contains equal portions, by measure, of ganic life,-inroluntary muscles,—which con.


    muriatic acid and water .
    th
    tract under the influence of certain special q
    MURIER NOIR , Morus nigra. stimuli; as the heart, fleshy fibres of the sto
    MURIGENE , Chlorine . mach , & c . Mired muscles are those , which be tu
    MURMUR , Barborygmus, Bourdonnement., long partly to each of these divisions ;-as the a1
    MURMUR, RESPIRATORY. The noise heard muscles of respiration ; the sphincters, & c. ty
    during inspiraton and expiration , especially Muscles that act in opposition to each other,
    the former. It is produced by the passage are called antagonists ; thus, every extensor 2
    of the air through the bronchial tubes and has a flexor for an antagonist, and vice versa.
    the air -cells. It has been also called the mur- Muscles that concur in the same action are
    mur of the expansion of the lungs ; and, when termed congenerous. be
    distinctly vesicular, Respiration of the cells or The muscles present numerous varieties in In
    vesicularrespiration, (F.) Respiration vesiculaire. form , size, situation , use , &c . , and have been fa
    The vesicular respiration is of course absent divided, by some, into long, broad, and short.
    when the cells of the lungs have been oblite . Each of these divisions comprises simple and
    rated from any cause . compound muscles. т
    When the murdur is much developed , as it Simple or rectilinear muscles have all their
    P
    is in children , the respiration is termed puerile. fibres in a similar direction , and only one body CE
    At times, also there is a blowing sound, ( F.) -as the Sartorius, Pronator quadratus, & c .
    Soujjle, Respiration soufflante, as if some one The compound muscles are those, which have
    were blowing into the auscultator's ear through only one belly and several tendons,-as the
    a tube . This is heard in the healthy state over flexors of the fingers and toes : or several bel lo
    the larynx, trachea, and about the bifurcation lies and several tendons, -as the biceps flexor
    of the bronchia ; but when it proceeds from cubiti, sacro -lumbalis, & c. To the compound 0
    the lungs, it denotes disease. muscles belong , also, the radiated muscles. ដ
    The respiration, perceived over the trachea Their fibres set out from a common centre , and ta
    and bronchia in bealth , is called tracheal or are arranged like the radii of a circle :-such L
    bronchiul, according to the situation in which are the diaphragm , iliacus, temporal, & c .
    it is heard . Pennated or Penniform Muscles. Their fibres
    are arranged in two rows , which are united 6.
    MURRAIN , Coryza. fe
    MURREN , Coryza at a median line, at greater or less angles ;
    MUSA PARADISIACA, Musa , Amusa ,nearly as the feathers are inserted into a quill.
    Palma hu'milis, Ficus In'dica, Bata , Plat'anus. The palmaris longus is one of these .
    The Plantain tree . Family, Musaceæ . Sex. Syst. Semi-penniform Muscles . Their fibres are ob) .
    Hexandria Monogynia. It grows in many lique, as in the last case ; but they are inserted
    parts of India and South America. The only on one side of the tendon. DI

    fruit, which is largely eaten for bread , consists Ŭollow Muscles are ,—the heart, intestines,
    of a mealy substance. It is clammy ; has a urinary bladder, &c .
    sweetish taste , and will dissolve in the mouth Much difference has existed in the enumera .
    without chewing. The whole spike of fruit tion of muscles. Some authors reckon them C
    often weighs forty or fifty pounds. The leaves at upwards of 400. Chaussier admits only 368 .
    ta
    of the tree serve the Indians for table cloths The greater part of the muscles are in pairs,
    and napkins. Being smooth and soft, they are , Very few are azygous. bo
    MUSCLE 463 MUSCULO- CUTANEOUS

    Muscles have been variously named . MUSCULAR AR'TERJES . Arteries that are dis
    1. According to their uses, as diaphragm ,buc- tributed to the muscles. The name, Muscular
    cinator, extensors, flexors, adductors , abduc- Arteries of the Eye, has been specially given to
    tors , levators , depressors , &c. two branches sent off by the ophthalmic arte
    2. According to their position , as interspinales, ' ry :—the one, inferior, which furnishes branches
    interossei, subclavius, poplitæus, anconeus, cu- to the rectus inferior oculi , lachrymal sac , &c . ,
    bitalis, iliacus , temporalis, &c. and some of the anterior ciliary arteries : the
    3. According to their shape,as trapezius,sple other - the superior, which is sometimes want
    nius, lumbricales, serrati, digastric, deltoid , ing ; but when it exists , gives branches to the
    scalenus, rhomboides, & c . rectus superior oculi and levator palpebræ su
    4. According to their dimensions. Pectoralis perioris.
    major , rectus capitis anticus major, pectoralis MUSCULAR VEins . These bring back the
    minor, glutæus maximus, medius, and mini- blood, which has been carried to the muscles
    inus. by the muscular arteries .
    5. According to their direction , as obliquus Muscular or Fleshy FIBRES. A name given
    abdominis, transversalis abdominis, rectus fe- to the filaments ; which, by their union, form
    moris,rectus abdominis, &c. the muscles. This fibre is flat, soft, downy ,
    6. According to their composition , as semi- linear, little elastic , more or less red : and ar
    membranosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, & c. ranged in zigzag according to its length , which
    7. According to their attachments, or the dif- is variable. It is firmer in adults than in the
    ferent points of the skeleton to which they are young or the aged ; of the same size in the
    attached by means of tendons or aponeuroses ; great and small muscles ; and runs its course
    as sterno -cleido -mastoideus, sterno- hyoideus, without bifurcation or ramification . It is but
    & c. On this is grounded the nomenclature of slightly resisting in the dead body, tearing
    M. Dumas, and that of Chaussier. readily ; but , during life, it supports very great
    That end of the muscle , which adheres to efforts without laceration . It is, itself, com
    the most fixed part, is usually called the origin posed of a considerable number of fibrils, simi
    or head, ( F.) Tête ; and that which adheres to lar to each other, and subdividing almost ad in
    the more movable part , the insertion or tail, ( F. ) Jinitum . The ultimate filaments into which the
    Queue ; the intervening part or body of the fibre can be decomposed by mechanical means,
    muscle being called the center or belly : hence , do not seem to be hollow , as has been asserted.
    the names gastrocnemii , digastricus, biceps , Their colour is red in man , and white in seve
    and triceps ; according as they have two bellies, ral animals.
    two or three heads, & c . A greater or less number of muscular fibres,
    Muscles are formed,-1. Essentially of the --united in fasciculi, approximated to each
    muscular or fleshy fibre. (see Muscular Fibre.) other, and forming a distinct mass , of very va.
    2. Of Cellular tissue, which unites together the riable size and shape , the extremities being
    fibres. This cellular tissue is not very visible attached to bones by means of tendons,-con
    between the fine and loose fibres ; but becomes stitutes a muscle. In this are included cellu
    more so, when they unite in more considerable larmembrane, vessels, and nerves. See Muscle .
    fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle MUSCULAR CONTRACTION. The exertion of
    an external envelope
    neighbouring , which
    parts, and admitsunites
    of itsitmotion.
    to the the power,possessed by muscles, of shortening
    This envelope was formerly called Tu’nica pro- themselves,
    tion
    :-Muscular or of contracting to produce mo
    motion
    being the change in
    pria musculorum . 3. Of Arteries. These pro- the situation and relation of organs,induced
    ceed from neighbouring trunks, and are, gene- by muscularcontraction . When a muscle con
    rally , very
    always large. Their
    in proportion to thesize
    bulkandof number are tracts, its fibres assume more the zigzag direc
    the muscle
    With the exception of some viscera, as the tion , and the extremities approximate ; but the
    bulk of the whole muscle is not augmented.
    lungs and the kidneys, there are few organs This contraction takes place, at times, with ex
    that receive as much blood as the muscles . 4 .
    Of Veins. They follow the samecourse in the treme velocity: a single thrill, in the letter r,
    muscles as the arteries. Bichat asserts , thatcan be pronounced in the 1-30,000th part of a
    they are generally devoid of valves. 5. Of the minute. The force of contraction depends upon
    Lymphatics. healthy physical condition of the muscle,
    noteasily followOfthem
    thesebetween
    we knowthelittle, andfibres.combined
    fleshy can with due energy of the brain . The
    6. Of Nerves. These are numerous,and of dif- duration, in voluntary motion, is for a certain
    time dependent upon the will :-- contractions,
    ferent sizes. They, almost all, proceed from excited involuntarily, cannot be so long main
    the encephalon ; some, however, issue from tained .
    ganglions , and accompany the arteries . In MUSCULAR NERVES . The nerves distributed
    general, they penetrate the fleshy tissue along to the muscles are so named. Winslow calls
    with the vessels, to which they are narrowly the 4th pair of nerves – Nerf musculaire oblique
    united . After they have entered the muscles, supérieur.
    they divide and subdivide until they are lost MUSCULAR SYSTEM . A term given to the
    sight of E
    MUSCL CANIN , Levator anguli oris-m . aggregate of the muscles of the body.
    MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO
    Cannelé, Ischio -trochanterianus - m . Grand fes.
    sier, Glutæus major --m . très large du dos, La- LUMBALEM , see Sacro - lumbalis -- m . Papil
    tissimus dorsi. lares, Carneæ columnæ .
    MUSCULAR , Muscula'ris. That which be- MUSCULO -CUTA'NEOUS , Musculo -cuta
    longs or relates to the muscles. nous, from musculus, “ a muscle ,' and cutis ,
    MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS 464 MYELITIS

    skin .' That which appertains to muscles and MUSKMALLOW , Hibiscus abelmoschus.
    skin . MUSKSEED. See Hibiscus abelmoschus.
    Musculo -CUTANEOUS NERVE . This name is MUSKWOOD , Thymiama.
    specially given to two nerves ;-the one, the MUSOMANIA, Musicomania.
    External cutaneous nerre , furnished by the bra- MUSSÆN'DA FRONDOʻSA, Belilla , Beld' . V

    chial plexus ( see Cutaneous): — the other,given son. A decoction of this plant has been es C

    off from the poplitæus externus, ( F.) Nerf Scia- teemed refrigerant.
    tique, Poplite externe ;-- Prétibio-digital, (Ch . ) MUSSEL , Mytilus edulis.
    It descends on the anterior and outer part of MUSSITA”TIO , Mussitation. A condition ,
    the leg, at first, hid amongst the muscles; be- in which the tongue and lips move, as in the
    comes superficial about the middle of the leg ; act of speaking, but without sounds being pro
    and divides into two branches, which pass su- duced. This sort of murmuring is an unfavour.
    perficially on the back of the foot. indicating
    able sign in disease, as great cerebral
    Musculo -RACHIDÆ'us . Belonging or relat. debility .
    ing to musclesand to the spine . A name given MUSTACHE , Mystax.
    to branches, furnished , behind, by the inter- MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis — m . Hedge,
    costal , lumbar, and sacral arteries ; and which Erysimum - m . Mithridate , Thlaspi campestre
    are distributed to the spine and to the muscles -m . Stinking hedge , Alliaria - m . Treacle ,
    of the neighbourhood. Thlaspi arvense -- m . White , Sinapis alba .
    MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS , Obliquus inter- MUTACISMUS, Mutacism . A vitious pro
    74
    nus abdominis — m . Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis nunciation ; consisting, according to Sauvages,
    abdominis — m . Cutaneus, Platysma myoides , in the frequent repetition of the letters B, P a, nd po
    m . Eustachii, Laxator tympani - m . Fallopii, x,MUTEOSIS
    Pyramidalis abdominis — m . Patientiæ , Levator
    which are substituted for others.
    . Under this name is compre Ja

    scapulæ — m . Penicillatus, Levator labii inferio- hended every phenomenon of expression, volun be
    ris-m. Pyxoides terrestris , Lichen pyxidatus tary and involuntary, which impressesthe sight is
    -m . Subcutaneus, Platysma myoides-m . Suc- or touch .
    centuriatus , Pyramidalis abdominis — m . Suc- MUTILA'TION , Mutild'tio, Maiming. The
    cingens, Diaphragm - m . Supercilii, Curruga- removal or privation of a limb, or of some
    tor supercilii - m . Testicondus, Cremaster - m . other external part of the body. In all countries,
    Testis, Cremaster-m . Tubæ novæ, Circum- this crimehas been punished with severity.
    flexus. MUTISME , Mutitas.
    MUSCUS ARBOREUS , Lichen plicatus- MU'TITAS , Dumbness, Aphonia , Ala'ha,
    m . Caninus, Lichen caninus ---m . Clavatus , Ly . Anau'dia , Speech'lessness. ( F.) Mutismé, Mutité. ob
    copodium -- m . Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana Impossibility of articulating sounds; although
    --m . Cranii humani, Lichen saxatilis -- m . they can be elicited. Dumbness is often con
    Erectus , Lycopodium selago -- m . Helmintho- genital , and united with deafness, of which it is bar
    oi
    cortos , Corallina Corsicana -- m . Islandicus , Li- an effect. In some cases, it is accidental.
    chen islandicus - m . Marinus , Corallina Corsi- MUTITAS SURDORUM , Apho'nia Surdorum , di
    cana–m . Maritimus, Corallina - m . Pulmona. Deaf-dumbness. Speechlessness from deafness; this
    lo
    rius quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius — m . Pyxi- congenital,or produced during infancy. The sub
    datus, Lichen pyxidatus — m . Villosus, Peris- Sourds-muet
    jects of this affection are called deaf-dumb, (F.)
    troma. s. 17

    MUSEAU DE TANCHE , Os uteri. MUTITE , Mutitas.


    MUSHROOM , Fungus. MUTO , Penis.
    MUSIC , Mu'sica, ( F. ) Musique. The art of MUTTERKORN , Ergot . 20

    producing harmonious and cadenced sounds : MYACANTHA , Ruscus. la

    an art , which has , at times, been beneficially MYASTHENIA , from μυς, a muscle ,' and
    used in diseases, partic
    mind ; or on which the ularly
    in those of the MYC
    mind could act in a ao.Gev elaE, , debili ty:' Muscular debility. la
    Occlusion . L
    salutary manner . MYCES , Fungus .
    MUŠICOMA'NIA , Musoma'nia . A variety MYCHMUS, Suspirium .
    of monomania , in which the passion for music MYCHTHISMOS , Moaning.
    is carried to such an extent, as to derange the MYCHTHISMUS, Suspirium .
    intellectual faculties. MYCTERES, Nares.
    MUSING , LISTLESS,Aphelxia otiosa. MYCTEROPHONIA , Voz nasa'lis, from
    MUSIQUE, Music. uvxtre , the nose , ' and porn, the voice. ' A
    MUSK, Moschus, Mosch (Arab.) (F.) Musc. nasal voice. A nasaltwang or accent.
    An animal substance, of a very diffusible odour, MYDE'SIS, from pvdaw, I abound with
    bitter taste, and deep brown colour ; solid and moisture .' In its most general sense , it means
    enclosed in a sac , found near the anus of the corruption . By some , it is used for a mucous
    Moschus moschif'erus or Musk Deer. It is pos- discharge from inflamed eyelids.
    sessed of stimulant and antispasmodic proper- MYDON , audwr. Fungous or putrid flesh in
    ties . Dose , gr . v to 3j in bolus. certain fistulous ulcers.—Pollux. Also , flesh
    ARTIFICIAL MUSK, Moschus ficti' tius, Re- putrid from mouldiness , from uvdos, ' moisture.'
    si'na Succini. (Ol. suc'cini rectif. I part, acid. MYDRIASIS, uvdolaois, Platycoria, Amydri' 1
    nitric. 4 parts. Digest ; -a black matter will be asis. A name, given by several writers to
    deposited , which must be well washed with morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others, to 1
    water.) weakness ofsight,produced by hydrophthalmia . 1
    MUŚKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomito- MYELI'TIS, Inflamma'tio medulla spina'lis,
    rius . Spini'tis, Spinodorsi'tis, Notomyeli'tis, from
    MYELOPHTHISIS 465 MYRISTICA

    uvrdos,' the marrow,' and itis, denoting inflam- Dyso'pia dissitorum , Visus ju'venum , from uvo,
    mation . Inflammation of the spinal marrow or I close ,' or from mus, a mouse ,' and ory , the
    its membranes ;-indicated by deep-seated burn - eye.' Near-sightedness, Mouse-sight, Purblind
    ing pain in the spine , with various nervous and ness, ( F.) Vue courte. Persons who can only
    vascular irregularities of function . It is not see objects very near. The defect is owing to
    common . Dr. Marshall Hall proposes to call the too great convexity of the eye and is palli.
    t'ie inflammation of the membranes of the brain ated by wearing concave glasses.
    Meningitis; that of the substance of the brain MYOPS, Mwy, Luscio'sus,Myopus. Same
    Myelitis etymon. One who is allacked with myopiu or
    MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis. shiort-sightedness.
    MYELOS , Marrow . MYOSIS, from uvw, ' I close. ' Phthi'sis pu.
    MYENERGI'A , from uvs, ' a muscle ,' ev, and pillu'ris. Perinanent contraction of the pupil.
    &gyor, ' work . Muscular strength. It is usually caused by iritis , and is extremely
    MYGMUS, Suspirium . difficult of cure . When it exists to such an
    MYITIS, Rheumatism , acute. extent as to obliterate the pupil , it is called
    MYLACRIS , Patella . Synizesis, (q. v ) Also , Myopia , ( q . v . ).
    MYLE , Patella , Mole. MYOSITIS, from uvwv, -a muscle .' A name
    MYLICUS , Molar. proposed by Sagar for inflammation of themus
    MYLO-GLOSSUS , from uvan, ' the jaw ,'and cles. Rheumatism .
    yiwooa , ' the tongue .' MYOSOTIS , Hieracium pilosella , Rheuma
    Winslow bas given this
    name to muscular fibres, which pass from the tism , Rheumatism , acute.
    posterior part of the myloid line of the lower MYOT'OMY, Myoto'mia ,from uvwv, ' a mus.
    jaw , and from the sides of the base of the tongue cle,' and teurelv, ' io cut. The part of practical
    to the parietes of the pharynx. These fibres anatomy, which treats of the dissection of the
    belong to the constrictor superior pharyngis, muscles. Also , the surgical operation of the
    (q. v.) division of muscles to remove deformity.
    MÝLO-HYOIDE'US, from puan , 'the jaw ,' MYOTYRBE , Chorea.
    and ‘vokidns, ' the os hyoides .' ( F.) Mylo-hyoi- MYREPSUS, Unguentarius.
    dien. The Mylo-pharyngeus of Morgagni and MYR'IAGRAMMÉ, from uvola, '10 ,000,' and
    Sanctorini . This muscle is situate at the upper ypanja , ‘ gramme.' A weight equal to 10,000
    and anterior part of the neck, behind the lower grammes , or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces and 6
    jaw . It is broad , fat, and has the form of a drachms Troy.
    truncated triangle . It arises from the internal MYRIAM'ETER, a measure of 10,000 metres ;
    oblique line of ihe lower jaw bone, and is in equal to 16 miles, I furlong, 156 yards , and 14
    serted at the fore part of the body of the os inches.
    hyoides. Its innerinost fibres unile with those MYRICA CERIFERA . See Cera flava et
    of the opposite side to form a raphe on the me . alba.
    dian line. The mylo-hyoideus raises the os MYR'ICA GALE , Myrtus Braban'tica , M. Ang':
    hyoides and carries it forward , or it depresses lica, Myrtifolia Belgica, Gulē, Gagel,Rhus syl
    the lower jaw. ves'tris, Ac'aron, Elæug'nus, E. cordo, Chamæ.
    MYLO -PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor pha. lægnus, Dodonu'a . Dutch myrtle , Sweet gule,
    ryngis , Mylo.hyoideus. Sweet Willow, Candleberry, myrtle, (F.) Piment
    MYOCEPHALON , Staphyloma. Royal, Thé de Simon Pauli, Gale odorunt. Fa
    MYOCELIALGIA, from uvor, 'muscle ,' mily, Amentaceæ. Sex. Syst. Diecia Tetran.
    zodia , ' abdomen ,' and unyew, . I suffer.' Pain dria . The leaves , flowers, and seeds have a
    in the muscles of the abdoinen . strong, fragrant sınell and a bitter taste . They
    MYOCALI'TIS, from uvur, ' muscle,' ronda, are used for destroying moths and cutaneous
    lower belly, and itis, denoting inflammation ainsects,
    Inflamination of the muscles of the abdomen .
    and and
    stomachic tlie infusion is given internally as
    verinituge.
    MYODESOPSIA , Metamorphopsia . MYRINGA . See Tympanum .
    MYODYNAMIOMETER , Dynamometer. MYRINX . See Tyınpanum .
    MYUDYNAMOMETER, Dynaniometer. MYRIS'TICA MOSCHA'TA , M. aromat .
    MYODYNIA , from uvor, muscle,' and ica, Comacon. Nut. Ord. Myristiceæ . The
    oduvn, pain.' Pain in the muscles,-rheuma-tree Muscadier.
    Rheumatism ( q . v .)
    tisinil or other .
    which produces Nutmey
    the natineg and mace.
    ( F.) The , Myris'ticæ nu'.
    MYOG'RAPHY, Myogra'phia, from puur , cleus, Myris'ticæ moschate nucleus, Nur mos
    muscle ,' and yoaveiv, ' lo describe.' An anato- chata, Nucis'ta, Nux myris'tica , Chrysobul'unus
    mical description of the muscles. Gale'ni, Unguentu'ria , As'sala, Nur aromatica,
    MYOL'OGY, Myolo'gia , Surcolo'gia, Mysio- ( F. ) Muscade, is the seed or kernel. It has a
    lo'gia , from wwwr, ' a muscle ,' and doyos, ' a dis. fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable, pun.
    That part of anatomy which treats of gent taste , and is much used for culinary pur.
    course . '
    the muscles. poses. Alcohol extracts its active matter. It
    MYON , Muscle . has the properties ofaromatics in general; being
    MYONARCOʻSIS , from uvur , ' a muscle, ' stimulant and stomachic. The oil - Oleum my.
    and rayxy , stupor.' Numbness of the muscles. ristice - possesses the virtues of the nutmeg:
    MYÒN'OSOS, Myonu'sos, from uus, ' a mus. Dose of nutmeg, gr. v. to Dj ;-of the oil gu. iij
    cle ,' and vooos, disease .' A disease of the to gıt. vj.
    muscles . Mace, Macis, Maces, Flores macis, (F.) Fleurs
    MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum . de muscade, is the involucrum of the fruit ; it is
    MYOPIA , Myopiasis, Luscios'itas, Myo'sis, membranous, with the odour and taste of the
    Parop'sis propin 'qua, Amblyopia dissito'rum , nutmeg, and is possessed of similar qualities.
    59
    MYRISTICÆ 466 MYTILUS

    The Oleum macis is a fragrant, sebaceous subtle ,' and suror, ' oil. ' Oil of myrtle. — Ding
    stance , expressed in the East Indies. It is only corides.
    used externally . MYRSINI'TES, " epoeritrs. Wine, in which
    MYRISTICÆ NUCLEUS . See Myristica branches ofmyrtle have been macerated .
    moschata. MYRTACANTHA , Ruscus.
    MYRMECIASIS , Formication . MYRTE COMMUN, Myrtus.
    MYRMECIASMOS, Forinication . MYRTID'ANON , MUQtiduror. An excre
    MYRMECIZON , Formicant. scence, growing on the trunk of the myrtle,
    MYRMEX , Formica.
    MYROBAL'ANUS , from uvoor, an oint . and used as an astringent. Also, a Wine
    Vinum myrtid'anum - made from wild inyrtle
    ment,' and Baharos, .a nut ;' so called, because berries.
    formerly used in ointments, Angcloc'acos, My- MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA , Myrica gale.
    Tol'alan . A dried Indian fruit of the plum MYR'TIFORM , Myrtiform'is ; from myrtus,
    kind . Of this there are several varieties- the ' a myrtle , ' and forma, .shape.' Baving the
    M. Bellirica or belliric myrobalan, Bellegu, Bel- shape of a leaf of myrtle. A name given to a
    leregi, Belnileg ;-the Nř. cheb'ula or Chebule muscle (depressor alæ nasi, q . v . ) to the fossa
    myrob'alan; the M. cit'rina or Yellow myrobalan , incisiva ; to certain caruncles, (9 v .) & c.
    Ara'ra ; the M. em'blica or emblic mytobulan, MYRTIFORMIS , Compressor naris , Depres
    and the M. In'dica , As'uar, Indian, or Black sor alæ nasi .
    myrobalan. All the myrobalans have an un- MYRTITES. A name , given to a medicine
    pleasant, bitterish , very austere taste ; and strike prepared with honey and myrtle berries.
    an inky blackness with a solution of steel. MYRTLE, Myrins- m . Berry, Vaccinium
    They are said to possess laxative as well as myrtillus — m . Candleberry, Myrica gale — m .
    astringent properties. Dutch, Myrica gale - m . Wild , Ruscus .
    MYRON , Unguentum . MYRTOCHÉILIDES, Nympha .
    MYROPISSOCERON. A topical applica. MYRTON , Clitoris.
    tion in alopecia, referred to by "Galen ; from MYRTUS, Myrtus commu'nis, M. communis C
    Ilvoor, ointment, r100u , ' pitch ,' and xrpos, Italica, Myrsinė, Myrrhinë, The myrtle, : ( F. )
    * wax . Myrte commun . The berries of this plant have
    MYROPCEAS, Unguentarius. been recommended in alvine and uterine fluxes
    MYROPOLES, Apothecary, Unguentarius. and other disorders of relaxation and debility .
    MYROSPERMUM PERÚIFERUM . See They are moderately astringent and somewhat
    Myroxylon peruiferum . aromatic .
    MYŘOX'YLON PERUIFERUM , Caburei'. MYRTUS Anglica, Myrica gale—m . Braban . C
    ba. Nat. Ord . Leguminosæ . The tree which tica . Myrica gale .
    affords the Peru'rian bulsam , Balsamum Peru- Myrtus CanYOPHYLLA'TA, Cassia caryophyl
    vianum ,Putzochill,My oryliPeruiferi balsamum , la'ta, Canella caryophyllata , (F.) Capelei, Can 3
    Indian , Merican , or American balsam , Balsa nelle giroflée. The iree which affords tbe Clove C
    mum Peruanum , Cabureiciba , ( F.) Baume de bark;-Cortor carophylla'tus. This bark is a
    Pérou. This balsam consists of Benzoic acid , warm aromatic ; resembling clove with an ad b
    resin , and essential oil . Its odour is fragrant mixture of cinnamon . It may be used with
    and aromatic ; taste hot and bitter ; soluble in the same views as cloves or cinnamon . 1
    alcohol and miscible in water by the aid of Myrtus PIMENTA . The tree which bears the
    mucilage. It is stimulant and tonic, and con- Jamaica pepper, Pimen'tæ baccæ , Pimento ber .
    sidered to be expectorant: as such, it has been ries, Pimento, Piper caryophyllu'tum , Coc'culi
    employed in paralysis, chronic asthma, chronic Indi aromatici,Piper chia'pe, Amo'mum pimen be
    bronchitis and rheumatism , gleet, leucorrhæa, ta, Fructus pimenti, Carive, Caryophyllus Ame
    &c., and, externally , for cleansing and stimu- rica'nus, Piper odora'tum Jamaicin 'se, Allspice,
    lating foul indolent ulcers. Dose, gtt. v to git . Piper Jamaicen'së, Piper tabas'cum , (F.) Poitre
    XXX . de Jamaique, Toute épice, Assourou . These ber
    The WHITE BALSAM OF Peru , Natural bal. ries have an aromatic odour ; resembling a mix el
    sam, Balsamum album , Styrar alba,Balsameleon , ture of cinnamon , nutineg, and cloves ; the
    is obtained by incision from the Myrosper'mum taste is pungent, but mixed, like the odour.
    peruiferum . Like other peppers , this is stimulant and car.
    MYRRHA, uloga, Heb. 79 ; Bola, Stacte, minative . The oil - Oleum pimen'ta - possesses
    Ergas'nia, Myrrh , Cnlo'nia, Smyrna, Myrrha the virtues of the berries. The powdered fruit
    rubra, (F.) Myrrhe. The exudation of an un- has been called Quatre-épices or Four spices.
    known plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix. Dose, gr. v. to Dij. 6
    This gum resin has a fragrant, peculiar odour ; MYS , Muscle .
    and bitter aromatic taste . It is in reddish -yel . MYSIOLOGIA , Myology.
    low , light, brittle, irregular tears ; partially MYSTAX , HVOTUE The hair growing on D
    soluble in distilled water, when aided by frić- each side the upper lip in men . The mustache
    Lion . S. G. 1.360 . It is stimulant; and has or mustachio .
    been used in cachectic affections, humoral asth- MYSTE'RION , μυστηριον .. An arcanum ,
    ma, chronic bronchitis, & r. Dose , gr. x . to zj. nostrum , or secret preparation in general .
    MYRRHA IMPERFECTA , Bdellium . Also , an antidote , referred to by Galen and
    MYRRHINE , Myrtus. others .
    MYRRHIS ANNUA , Athamanta cretensis MYSTRON , kvotpor. A Greek measure,
    --m . Odorata, Chærophylluin odoratuin . which held about three drachms .
    MYRSINE , Myrtus, MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS . The common mus .
    MYRSINELÆ'ON, from plugoun, ' the myr- 'sel. (F.) Moule. A bivalve, the flesh of which,
    MYURUS 407 NAPLES

    when at all in a state of decomposition , is highly MYXODES , Mucous .


    poisonous. When fresh , it is an agreeable MYXOR'RHOOS, HU000005, from muža,
    article of diet mucus ,’ and 980), ' I flow . One who is subject
    MYU'RUS, Meiuros. A pulse is so called to mucous discharge. Applied to infants , that
    when it sinks progressively, and becomes discharge a considerable quantity ofmucus and
    smaller and smaller like a rat's tail ; from pus, saliva.
    ‘ rat,' and orga , ' tail. Pulsus myurus recip'. MYXOSARCOʻMA, from uvša, 'mucus,'
    Totus , a pulse, which , after having become and gays , flesh . ' A tuinour which is muco
    gradually weaker, resumes, by degrees, its carneous; partly mucous and partly fleshy.
    former character. MYxOTER , Nasus .
    MYXA , Mucus, Sebestina. MYZESIS, Sucking.

    N.

    N. This letter, in prescriptions , is an abridg . , whose consistence gradually augments. New


    ment of Numero ,' by number.' laminæ are then formed underneath , and give
    NABOT , Saccharum candidum . the nail the thickness it ought to possess. The
    NABO "THI GLANDULÆ , O'rula Nalothi, corneous substance ,being thus constantly pro
    Ovarium Nabothi, Folli'culi rotun'di et oblon'gi, duced at the extremity of each of these lamine,
    Vesi'culæ seu Bullæ rotun'da certi'cis u'teri, the whole of the nail ispushed forwards, and
    Vesiculæ semina'les mulie'rum , Cor'pora globo'- it would grow indefinitely , were it not cut or
    sa, Corpus'cula globo'sa, Glnndula seu Hydatides worn by friction.
    cerdi'cis uteri . Some small, mucous crypts or The nails protect and support the extremities
    follicles situate in the interstices of the dupli- of the fingers against the inpression of hard
    catures of the lining membrane of the cervix bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold
    uteri . Naboth, from noticing them in a morbid of small bodies ; and dividing those that have
    condition, mistook them for ova ; and hence but little consistence .
    they received the name Orula Nabothi. NAIN , Nanus.
    NACRA , Nakra , Nusa . A kind of Influenza, NAKRA, Nacra .
    common in the East Indies, NANUS, Pu'milus, Pumil'io. A dwarf. ( F.)
    NÆVUS, Nous mater'nus, Nerus, Maculæ Nain. An individual, who is much below the
    matri'cis, M. Mater'na , Slig'mata , Metroceľides, usual stature . The term is applicable to all
    Mother's marks, Fancy marks, Mother's spots, organized beings, from man to the vegetable.
    Congen'ite note, ( F.) Encie. Spots of various Trees have their dwarfs, as the human species
    kinds on the skin of children when born , which have theirs .
    have been idiy attributed to the influence of the Some curious authenticated instances of hu.
    maternal imagination on the fætus in utero. man dwarfs are on record . Bebe , the dwarf
    They are of various appearances, some much of Stanislaus, king of Poland , was 33 inches
    better supplied with blood than others. Some ( French ,) and well proportioned. The Polish
    are merely superficial or stain -like spots . Others nobleman, Borwlaski, who was well made,
    are prominent ; and , often, have long, irregular clever, and a good linguist, measured 28 Paris
    hairs growing from them . These have usually inches. He had a brother, 34 inches high , and
    been called Moles, Spili, Epichro'ses spili, &c. a sister 21. A Friesland peasant , at 26 years of
    When nævi are superficial, without any dis- | age , had attained 29 Amsterdam inches. C.
    position to enlarge or spread, they need not be H. Stöberin of Nürnberg, was not 3 feet high
    meddled with ; but all those that partake of the at 20 , yet he was well proportioned and pos
    character of aneurism by anastomosis, had bet. sessed of talents.
    ter be removed by the knife . NAPELLUS VERUS , Aconitum napellus.
    NAFDA , Naphtha. NAPI E FLORES , See Citrus aurantium.
    NAIL, Sax. nagl.) ( G. ) Nagel . Unguis, NAPHTHA , Nafda, O'leum pelræ album ,
    Onyx, ( F. ) Ongle . A whitish transparent sub- from a Chaldaic and Syriac word signifying
    stance , similar to horn , which covers the dorsal bitumen. A bituminous substance, found in
    extremity of the fingers. Three portions are Persia , Calabria ,Sicily , & c . It is liquid, limpid,
    distinguished in it ; the extremity, which is free, of a yellowish white colour, a smell slightly re
    at the end of the finger;-lhe body or middle sembling that of oil of turpentine, and lighter
    portion adherent by its inner surface ; and the than waler. It resembles petroleum in its pro.
    root . The last presents two distinct parts ; the perties, and has been chiefly used as an external
    one, terminated by a thin , serrated edge, is application ; although , occasionally , as an an.
    buried in a duplicature of the skin ; the other , thelmintic .
    called lu'nula , is whitish and of a semilunar Naphtha Vitrioli , Æther sulphuricus
    shape, seu Semilu'nuln unguium , and is situate n . Vitrioli camphorata, Tinctura ætherea cam.
    above the part where the epidermis terminates phorata - n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura seu
    The nails are composed of a horny tissue , of alcohol sulfurico - æthereus ferri.
    the same nature as that which forms the hoofs , NAPIUM , Lapsana.
    horns, and scales of different animals. When NAPLES , MINERAL WATERS OF. In
    the nail has been torn off, the papillæ of the the Quarter, Santa Lucia , near the coast, is a
    skin become covered by a soft, whitish lamina ; cold spring, rich in sulphuretted hydrogen and
    NAPTA 468 NASAL

    carbonic acid . It is much used as an aperient , but , at the same time, throws the animal into :
    tonic, and in cutaneous affections. state of stupor. It is not used in medicine, on S

    Naples Water , Factı" TIOUS. (F.) Eau de account of ihese objections. P


    Naples, Aqua Neopolita'na, Aqua acid'úla hydro. NARCOTISM , Narcosis.
    sulphura'ta. ( Acidulous water , containing four NARD, CELTIC , Valeriana Celtica- n . Indi .
    times its bulk of carbonic acid , 3xv , and ziij , ca, Nardus Indica - n . Indien, Nardus Indica
    hydrosulphuretted wuter, 31x ,gr.
    gr viij.carbonate ofmagnesia , carbonate
    x . &c . of
    Phsodu,
    . P.) n. NARDUM
    Indique, NardusIndica -- n .Suuvage, A sorum .
    GALLICUM , Valeriana Celtica .
    1.
    NAPTA , Nata . NARDUS CELTICA, Valeriana Cellica-n .
    NAPUS, Sinapis-n . Sylvestris, Brassica Montana, Asarun . F
    napus. NARDUS IN'dica , Spica nardi , Spica In'dica,
    NARCAPHTE, Thymiama. Indian narid, Spikenard, Andropo'gon nardus.
    NARCAPH "THON, Nuscuph'thon . The bark The root of this plant is one of the ingredients be
    of an aromatic tree formerly brought from India. in the mithridate and theriaca. It is nioderately in
    By some, supposed to be that of the tree which warm and pungent, and has a flavour by no
    affords the olibanum . It was used in fumigation , means disagreeable. It is used by the Orientals li
    in diseases of the lungs. as a spice :-( F.) Nard Indien , N. Indique. An 72
    NARCE , Narcosis . ointment was formerly used , called Unguen'
    NARCEMA, Narcosis. tum nar'dinum . It was prepared Nard , Ma to
    NARCISSE FAUX, Narcissus pseudo-nar. labathrum leaves , Oil of worms, Costus, Amomum ,
    cissus-n . des Près, Narcissus pseudo -narcissus Myrrh, & c ., and was used as a detergent. bi
    -n. Saudaye . Narcissus pseudo -narcissus. Nardus RUSTICA , Asarum . TE
    NARCISSUS PSEUDO -NARCISSUS. The NARES , Rhines, Car'ilas Na'rium , Cadum
    Daffodil. ( F. ) Narcisse sauvage, Narcisse des seu Ca'vea seu Caver'na narium , Nusus inter'.
    près, Fruz nurcisse . The root is emetic and nus, Mycteres, Na'rium ad'itus, Ocheteu 'mata. da
    cathartic , in the dose of zij. The flowers are the nostrils. (F.) Narines. Two elliptical aper.
    antispasinodic. Dose , 24 grains. tures , situate beneath the nose, and separated
    NARCO'SIS, Nar'cotism , Narce,Narca, from each other by the cartilaginous septum
    Nurce'ma, Turpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefuc'. nasi . These apertures are continually open, and ba
    tio. The aggregate effecis produced by narcotic give passage to the air we breathe ; and to the
    substances. At times, narcotism is confined to inucous fluids secreted in the nasal fossæ .
    a state of more or less profound stupor ; and Nanes INTERNÆ, Nasal fossæ . sp
    constitutes, in certain cases, a useful remedial The Posterior Nares , Nares postrema, Er
    condition ; at others, it is true poisoning , cha tre'ma nures, Ostia posterio'ra seu Cho'ane
    racterized by vertigo, nausea , a state of intoxi. na'rium , Na'rium Er'itus, (F.) Arrières nurines,
    cation or apoplexy, constant delirium , convul. Ouverlures posterieures des fosses nasules, are 10
    sive motions, dic. Emetics, in strong doses, the posterior apertures of the nasal cavities ,
    and nut much diluied with water ; purgatives which establish a communication between those ឱក
    and glysters are the first means to be used in cavities and the pharynx. They are bounded , the
    this condition. The stupor may afterwards be ahore, by the body of the sphenoid bone; below ,
    combated
    drinks.
    by the use of exciting and stimulating by the palate bone, and the base of the velum
    pendulum ; and , on the outside, by the internal
    NARCOTICS, Narcotica , Caro'tica , Obala of the pterygoid process. They are separated LA
    stupofucien'tia, Stupefacien'tia, (F;) Stupéfactifs, from each otherby a septum ,of which the vomer
    Stupéfiants, from raoxn, stupor.' Substances is the bony part. 09
    which have the property of stupefying ; -as NARIFUSO'RIA , from Nares, “ the nostrils,' lat
    opiuin , stramonium ,hyoscyamus, belladonna , and fundere, ' to pour. ' Medicines dropped into
    &c. They are used in medicine as soothing the nostrils. kr
    agents ; exerting their particular influence on NARINES, Nares .
    the brain. In small doses, as a general prin. NARIUM ADITUS, Nares.
    ciple , narcotics stimulate ; in large , they act as NARTHEX , Splint.
    sedatives. NASA , Nacra , Nata .
    The following is a list of the chief narcotics : NASAL , Nasa'lis. That which relates to the te:
    nose .
    Aconitum , Opium , ab
    Ætherea, Papaveris Capsulæ , NASAL BONES , Ossa nasi, Ossa nasa'lia , an
    Belladonna , Stiamonii Folia , Ossic'ula nasi , Ossa marillæ superioris quarta
    CT:
    Camphora, Semina, seu quinta seu secun'da, ( F. ) Os nasaur, Os pro.
    Conium , pres du nez . These bones are situate beneath pa
    Digitalis , Mental Narcotics ,
    Huinulus, ( Appropriate Music, the nasal notch of the os frontis, and occupy
    le
    Hyoscyamus, Monotonous Sounds , the space between the nasal or angular pro
    Liictucarium , or any succession of
    cesses
    Lupulina , monotonous impres- shape of the superior maxillary bone. Their
    is nearly quadrilateral. They have an
    Morphina, sions .) bi
    external or cutaneous surface ; an internal or
    ti
    NAR'COTINE , Narcoti'na. Same etymon. nasal, and four margins . Each is articulated
    Sel de Derosne, Opiane, Sel d'opium , Principe with its fellow , with the os frontis, ethinoid ,
    crystallizable de Derosne. A solid, white, in. and superior maxillary bone. They ossify from
    odorous, and insipid substance ; crystallizable a single point.
    in straight prisms with a rhomboidal base ; fusi . NASAL PROMINENCE , (F. ) Bosse nasale. A 10

    ble like the fats ; soluble in boiling alcohol and prominence , situate on the median line at the
    De
    ether, and scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine anterior surface of the os frontis, between the
    produces all the unpleasant effects of opium ; two superciliary arches.
    ();
    NASAL 469 NASTURTIUM

    Nasal Notcu , (F.) Échancrure nasale. A several filaments : one of them -- the Nasolobar,
    semicircular notch , sítuate between the nasal of Chaussier - is very small, and descends on
    prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated the posterior surface of the os nasi , and ramifies
    with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of in the integuments of the ala nasi. A second
    the superior maxillary bones . terminates near the septum ; others descend
    Nasal Spines . These are three in number. along the outer paries of the nasal fossæ . 2.
    1. The Supe'rior nusal spine of the os frontis , The other is external and anterior, and is called
    occupying the middle of its nasal notch , and the external nasal nerve. It is distributed to the
    articulated before with the nasal bones , behind outside of the orbit. Before dividing, the nasal
    with the ethmoid. 2. The infe'rior and anterior nerve communicates with the ophthalmic gan
    nasalspine, situate at the inferior part of the an- glion , and gives off two or three ciliary nerves:
    terior opening of the nasal fossæ. It is formed the Posterior Nasal Nerres. Sömmering has
    by the two superiormaxillary bones ; and 3. The given this name to the nerves, which arise from
    inferior and posterior nusil spine, Epine gut- ihe internal part of the spheno-palatine gan
    turale, (Ch .) a process, formed on the median glion.
    line by the two palate bones at the posterior The Nasal Mucus, Mucus na'rium , Mucor
    part of the palatine arch , seu Pitui'la , seu Blenna , seu Lympha muculen '.
    The Nasal Fossx , Cavi na'rium , Nares in . ta narium, vulgarly called Snot, (" .) Morde, is
    ter næ are two large, anfractuous cavities, situate the mucus secreted by the Schneiderian mem
    between the orbits below the cranium ,and lined brane .
    by the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. Nasal Can'tiLAGE, Cartila 'go triangularis
    These cavities have no communication with Nasi. A cartilage, formed of three portions,
    each other , but the various sinuses in the which unite at the dorsum nasi , and are distin .
    neighbouring bones; —the ethmoidal, sphenoi- guished into the cartilage of the septum , and
    dal , superiormaxillary, & c., all communicate the lateral cartilages. This cartilage is con.
    with them . The general cavity of each nostril tinuous, above, with the ossa nasi ; and, infe
    is divided by the ossa spongiosa into three riorly ,with membranous fibro-cartilages, which
    meatus or passages, which run from before form the supple and movable part of the nos
    backwards. trils . They are two in number -- the one before,
    1. The Meatus narium supe'rior, placed at the the other behind.
    upper, inner, and back part of the superior NASALIS , Compressor naris .
    spongy bone . 2. The Meatus medius, situate be- NASALIS Labu SUPERIORIS . A small mus
    tween the superior and inferior spongy bones ; cular slip , which runs up from the middle of
    and :). The Meatus inferior , situate between the orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose .
    the inferior spongy bone and the bottom of the It lies exactly in the furrow , and is occasionally
    nose . a levator of the upper lip , or a depressor of the
    The Schneiderian membrane receives the lip of the nose .
    first pair of nerves , and various branches from NASCALĒ . A kind of pessary , made of
    the fifth pair. The arteries are furnished by wool or cotton , which was formerly introduced
    the branches of the internal maxillary, known into the vagina, after being impregnated with
    under the names spheno -palatine, infra -orbitar , oil, ointment, or some other proper medicament.
    superior alveolar, palatine, pterygo -palatine; by NASCAPHTHON , Narcaphthon.
    the supra -orbitar, and ethmoidal branches of the NASDA , Nata .
    ophthalmic artery , by the internal carotid , su- NASITAS, Rhinophonia.
    perior labial , and dorsales nasi . Its veins are NASITIS POSTICA , Angina nasalis .
    little known, and generally follow the course of NASO -PAL'ATINE , Naso -palati'nus. That
    the arteries. The lymphatics are almost un- which belongs to the nose and veluin palati.
    known . The nasal fosse are the seat of smell ; The Naso -PALATINE NERVE is furnished by
    they aid , also , in respiration and phonation. the spheno -palatine, which proceeds from the
    NASAL Artery. This is the largest of the ganglion of Meckel. It traverses the vault of
    two branches in which the ophthalmic artery the nasal fosse , and proceeds upon the septum
    terminates. It issues from the orbit, above the between the two layers of the pituitary mem
    tendon of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes brane . It enters the anterior palatine canal,
    above the side of the root of the nose, and and terminates at the superior angles of the
    anastomoses with the last extremity of the fa- naso -palatine ganglion , without attaining the
    cial. Haller gave the name nasal to the spheno- mouth .
    palatine. He also called the dorsales nasi, fur- The NASO -PALATINE GANGLION is situate in
    nished
    terales.
    by the external maxillary, Nasalés la- the foramen palatinum anterius. Its greater ex
    tremity receives the two naso -palatine branches;
    NASAL NERVE,-Naso-palpébral (Ch.), whilst the smaller gives off two or three fila:
    Naso-ocula'ris (Sömmering.) One of the three ments, which reach the palatine vault, where
    branches of the ophthalmic nerve of Willis . It they ramify on the membrane of the same name,
    enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure , passes anastomosing with filaments of the great pala
    along the inner paries of that cavity ,and divides, tine nerve .
    opposite the internal and anterior orbitar fora- NASO-PALPÉBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra
    men , into two branches. ] . The internal and rum .
    posterior, which passes into the Foramen orbi- NASTURTIUM AQUATICUM , Cardamine
    tarium internum anterius, enters the cranium pratensis, Sisymbrium nasturtium - n . Hor
    beneath the dura mater , and passes into the tense , Lepidium sativum - n . Indicum , Tropæ
    nasal fossæ , through an'aperture at the sides olum majus - n . Peruvianum , Tropæolum ma
    of the Crista galli. It, afterwards, divides into ljus -- n. Pratense, Cardamine pratensis.
    NASUM DILATANS 470 NECROSIS

    NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi. customed to a sea life ; and from which those
    NASUS . The Nose, Rhin , This, Or'ganon who are so accustomed are not always exempt.
    olfactûs seu odora'lûs seu olfacto'rium , Promon. It generally ceases when the person becomes
    to'rium faciei, Myxo'ter. (F.) Nez. The nose habituated to the motion of the vessel , and not
    is a pyramidal eminence, situate above the an- till then .
    terior apertures of the nasal fossee , which it NAU'SEANT, Nauseans . An agent that
    covers ; and , consequently , occupying the mid - excites nausea , which is a state of diminished
    dle and upper part of the face, between the action . Nauseants are , hence , valuable reme
    forehead and upper lip, the orbits and the cheeks. dies in diseases of excitement.
    Its lateral surfaces form , by uniting angularly, NAUSIO'SIS , TAVOLOQIŞ. This word , be
    a more or less prominent line, called the Dor sides being synonymous with nausea, (q. v . ,)
    sum Nasi, (F.) Dos du nez . This line terini- has been used to express the state of venous
    nates, anteriorly , by the lobe. The sides are bemorrhage, when blood is discharged by jets.
    called Ala Nasi, Pinna Naris, ( F.) Ailes dæ nez. NAUTIA , Nausea.
    The columna is the inferior part of the partition. NAVEL, Umbilicus - n . String, Funiculus
    The chief varieties of the nose are the aqui . umbilicalis.
    line , the flat nose , ( F) Nez camarot ou épaté, NUVET, Brassica rapa.
    and the snub nose , ( F. ) Nez retroussé. The NAVETTE , Brassica napus.
    nose is formed , besides its bones, of fibro - car. NAVICULAR , Nuricula'ris, Narifor'mis,
    tilage, cartilage, muscles, vessels, and nerves ; from naric'ult, • a little ship .'
    and its use seems to be , to direct odours to the Fossa NAVICULA'ris, F. Scaphoi'des, Navic'
    upper part of the nasal fossæ . ula , Scaph'ula. See Scaphoid . This name
    Nasus INTERNUS, Nares. has been given , 1. To a small depression be
    NATA , Natta , Nasa, Nusda , Napta. A fleshy, tween the entrance of the vagina and the pos
    of the labia inajora or four
    indolent excrescence, having the shape of the terior cominissure perceptible
    nates. chette . 2. To a dilatation , pre
    NATARON , Natron . sented by the uretlira in man , near the base of
    NATA’TION , Natatio, Swimming. The ac. the glans. 3. To the superficial depression
    tion of swimming, or of supporting one's self which separates the two roots of the helix.
    or moving upon the water. This is also called Scapha .
    Swimming resembles the horizontal leap NAVIFORMIS , Navicular.
    in its physiology — the medium being water NEAR - SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
    instead of air . The difference between the NEBÄULA , Nutes, Nubec'ula, Nephos , Neph'
    specific gravity of the human body and that of ele, Nephe'lion, (F.) Nuage, Ombrage. See
    water is not great; so that but little exertion Caligo. A slight speck on the cornea. A mist
    cloud suspended in the urine .
    is required to keep a part of the body above or NEBULOUS,
    water. Nepheloid .
    Swiinming is a healthy gymnastic exercise, NEC" ESSARY, Necessa'rius. The Necessa
    combining the advantages of bathing. ries of Life, Vita necessita'tes, ( F. ) Besoins de
    NATES, Ephed'rana, Nat'ulre , Sca'phia , la vie, include every thing requisite for the
    Clunes , Glutoi, Monæ ; the Bottom , Backside, maintenance of life , and particularly food.
    Poste'riors, Buttocks , & c , (F.) Fesses. Two NECK , DERBYSHIRE, Bronchocele - n .
    round projections, at the inferior and posterior Swelled, Bronchocele — n. Wry,Torticollis.
    part of the trunk , on which we sit. Amongst NECKLACE , ANODYNE. These are
    ihe mammalia, man alone has the nates promi- formed of the roots of hyoscyamus, Job's tears,
    nent and round. They are formed chiefly by allspice steeped in brandy , or the seeds of the
    the skin , and a thick layer of cellular tissue, wild liquorice vine , to suit the fancies of the
    which covers the three glutæi muscles. prescribers. They are employed to facilitate
    NATES ET TESTEs, Quadrigemina corpora . dentition in children , and io procure sleep in
    NATRON, Natrum , Nataron, Nitrum. A fever.
    saline compound, very abundant in Egypt, NECRODES, Cadaverous.
    NECROLOGY , BILLS OF , Mortality,
    which is almost wholly formed of subcarbo-
    nate of soda , (q . v.) bills of
    NATRON MURTATUM , Soda, muriate of - n . NEC'ROMANCY, Necromanti'a , Negroman
    l'ræparatum , Soda , subcarbonate of - n . Tarta - ti'u, Nigromanti'u , Necyomanti'a , Nicromunti'a ;
    rizatum , Soda , tartrate of - n.Vitriolatum , Soda, from rezpos , death ,' and Murtaid, ' divination .'
    sulphate of Divination by the dead .
    NATRUM MURIATICUM , Soda, muriale NECROMANTIA , Necromancy.
    of- n . Oxyphosphorodes, Soda , phosphate of - NECRON , Cadaver.
    n . Sulphuricum , Soda , sulphate of. NECROPHO'BIA , from 18700 $ , .death ,' and
    NATTA , Nata . qoşus, ' fear.' Exaggerated fear of death . This
    NATULÆ , Nates , symptom occurs in patients, where the disease
    NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs . is not mortal; as in hypochondriasis. In fe
    NATURALIA , Genital organs. vers , it is not a good symptom .
    NAUSEA, Nausio'sis, Nuutia, ( F.) Nausée, NECROPSY,Autopsia cadaverica.
    Envie de romir ; from raus, ' a ship ; ' because NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica .
    those unaccustomed to sailing are so affected . NECRO'SIS , l'exqu1015 , from 14200w , ' I mor
    Sickness . A desire to vomit . tify .' Mortification, (9v.) State of a bone
    NAUSEA MARI'NA ; Morbus nauticus, Sea or of a portion of a bone deprived of life. Ne
    sickness, (F.) Mul de mer. The sickness, vo- crosis inay take place without the surrounding
    miting, & c., experienced at sea by those unac. soft parts being struck with gangrene. It is to
    NECROTOMY 471 NEEDLE

    the bones what gangrene is to the soft parts . , with a semicircular and sharp end ; or, as in
    The part of the bone affected with necrosis be. Beer's, Siebold's Schmidt's, Himly's, Gräfe's,
    comes a foreign body, similar to the gangre. & c . , straight and spear-pointed. A mark is
    nous eschar, and its separation must be accom- generally placed upon the handle to inform the
    plished by the efforts of nature or by art. When operator, - when the instrument is engaged in
    necrosis occurs in the centre of long bones, it the eye ,-what side corresponds to the crystal
    never extends to their articular extremities. line.
    The exterior layers of bone form a canal round Aiguille à CONTRE-OUVERTURE, (F.) Ai.
    the dead portion or sequestrum ; between these guille engainee, Acus invagina'ta, Aiguille à
    swollen layers and the sequestrum suppuration gaine , Necdle for a counter -opening, -is a long,
    takes place ; the matter presses against the bony narrow instrument of steel; the point of which
    canal ; perforates it, and is discharged by aper- is fine and sharp on both sides; — the heel
    tures, which become fistulous. ( Talon ) having an aperture to receive a thread ,
    In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum tape, & c ., provided with a fat, silver sheath ,
    must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the shorter than the blade, the point of which it
    covers when passing through parts , that have
    application of the trepan to the bone, &c .
    NECROSIS DENTIUM, Dental gangrene - n . to be respected .
    Ustilaginea, Ergotism . FISTULA NEEDLE , Aiguille à Fistule. A long,
    NECROTOMY, Dissection . flat, flexible , silver instrument; having an aper
    NECTAR, from ve,' a particle of negation ,' ture near one extremity ; blunt at the other.
    and xtaw , to kill ' A pleasant liquor, feigned This was formerly used for passing a seton into
    by the poets to have been the drink of the fistulous ulcers . On one of its sides was a
    gods ,and to have rendered immortal those who groove for guiding a bistouri , in case of neces
    drank of it. A name given , by the ancients, sity.
    to many drinks ; and particularly to one made Also, a long steel instrument, terminated by
    with wine , evaporated and sweetened with a point like that of a trocar, which Desault
    honey . employed for penetrating the rectum , when
    NÉCYOMANTIA, Necromancy. operating for fistula that had no internal aper
    NEDYIA , Intestine. ture .
    NEDYS , rudus. The belly ; abdomen (q. v.; ) LIGATURE NEEDLE , Aiguille à ligature. A
    stomach ( q. v ;) womb. long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex
    NEEDLE. Sax. nedl , from Teut, neten , tremity , with an eye near the other, which was
    " to sew .' Acus, Bel'onë, Raphis, Ruphion, formerly used for suspending the circulation of
    Aces'tra. (F.) Higuille. A steel instrument, blood, prior to amputation ; by being passed
    used in many professions. In Surgery, a steel, through the limb, so as to include the principal
    gold , silver , or platina instrument, that may be artery and.a part of the muscles and integu.
    round , flat, or triangular, straight or curved, ments.
    supported or not by a handle , but having always Also , a steel instrument of various dimen
    a point, by means of which it penetrates the sions, round towards one of its extremities,
    textures; and often having, either near the which was straight, and furnished with an aper
    point, or, more commonly, near the other ex- ture; curved and flat towards the opposite,
    tremity, an aperture for the reception of a which was pointed , and had a slight ridge on
    thread or tape, which it introduces into the its concave side. At the commencement of the
    parts. The Aiguille à appareils of the French last century, this instrument was used to pass
    is the ordinary sewing needle, used in the ligatures around vessels.
    making of bandages , & c . Also, a steel instrument of various dimen
    ACUPUNCTURE NEEDLE, ( F.) Aiguille à Acu- sions , flat, regularly curred in the form of a
    puncture. An inflexible gold or silver needle : semicircle, with a sharp or lance point, and a
    conical, very delicate, four inches long; fur- long eye, used with advantage in place of the
    nished with a handle, and at times, with a ca- last.
    nula shorter than it by about half an inch . An DESCHAMP's NEEDLE , Aiguille de Deschamps,
    ordinary needle, waxed at the head, will answer - Puupe'sneedle, Aiguille à Manche, &c . , is the
    as a substitute for this . See Acupuncture. last described needle , fixed to a handle, the
    Hare-LiP NEEDLE, ( F. ) Aiguille à Bec de eye of which is placed near the point. It is
    Lièvre. A small, silver canula , to which is at. employed in the ligature of deep-seated arte
    tached a spear point, that can be readily with ries.
    drawn . This needle, armed with the point, is Seton NEEDLE, (F. ) Aiguille à Selon . A
    introduced at one side of the fissure in the lip, long, narrow , steel blade ; pointed and sharp at
    and through the other. The twisted suture ( 9. one extremity ; pierced at the other by an aper
    v .) is then applied , and the pin withdrawn. ture , The Aiguille à contre-ouverture may be
    CATARACT NEEDLE, fcus Ophthalmica ,( F.) used for the same purpose.
    Aiguille à cataructe. Needles of gold , silver, SUTURE NEEDLE, ( F ) Aiguille à Suture. For
    and steel have been used ; the latter, alone, at the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is used ;
    the present day . The cataract needle is em for the others, the straight or curved needle :
    ployed to depress or tear the crystalline , when the straight needle is preferable for stitching
    opaque. This needle is usually made about 15 up the abdomen , &c . , in dissection . In the
    or 24 lines long ; and is attached to a fine han- suture of the tendons, a curved needle has
    dle . The extremity may be,as in Scarpa's and been used ; flat on both sides, and cutting only
    Langenbeck's, pointed, prismatic, triangular, at the concave edge , in order that the instru
    and curved ; in Dupuytren's and Walther's, ment may pass between the tendinous fibres
    flat, curved, and sharp-edged ; in Hey's, flat, without dividing them .
    NEEDLEBEARER 472 NEPHRO - SPASTIC

    NEEDLEBEARER , Porte-aiguille. | lates to the kidney. Applied , especially, to


    NEEDLECARRIER , Porte-aiguille. pain , &c . seated in the kidney.
    NÈFLE, Mespilus ( the fruit.) The Lapis NEPHRETICUS, ( F. ) Pierre né
    NÉFLIEP, Mespilus. phrétique, Jude néphrilc ou oricnlul,-a green ,
    NEFREN'DES , Nodoi, rudor. Persons de . fatty kind of stone,-once used as an ainulet
    void of teeth . Young children , for instance, against epilepsy .
    who have not cut them ; or aged persons, who In Maieria Meilica , Nephreticum means a
    have lost them . This state is called Nefrendis, medicine employed in the cure of diseases of
    Nodo'sia , Odon'tia edentula . the kidney.
    NEGRE BLANC , Albino. NEPHRID'ION , Pinguedo rena'lis. The
    NEGRO , Ni'grila . One of the Æthiopian fat which surrounds the kidneys . - Hippocr.
    race See Homo. NEPHRITIC , Nephretic.
    NEGROMANTIA , Necromancy . NEPHRITIS, Einpres'ma Nephritis, Renum
    NEIÆ'RA, Imus Venter. The lower part of influmma'tio, Inflammu'tion of the Kidney ;
    the belly.- Hippocr. characterized by acute pain ; burning beat , and
    NEIGE, Snow . a sensation of weight in the region of one or
    NENUPHAR , Nymphæa alba-n. Blane, both kidneys; suppression or diminution of
    Nymphæa alba --- n. Jaune, Nymphæa lutea. urine ; fever ; dysuria ; ischuria ; constipation ,
    NEOG'ALA, from vxoç, new ,' and yoha, more or less obstinate ; retraction of the testicle,
    milk . ' Milk secreted immediately after the and numbness of the thigh of the same side . It
    colostrum . Also, the colostrum . ( 9. v . ) may be distinguished into simple and calculous
    NEOPLASTY, NEOPLAS’TICE : from reos, nephritis. In the latter, the urine often con
    ' new ,' and 12.uoow, nhattu , ' I form .' A pro- tains small particles of uric acid or of urate of
    cess or operation for the formation of new parts ammonia. The most common causes of ne.
    It includes autoplasty , cicatrization of wounds, phritis are ,-excess in irritating and alcoholic
    the formation of adhesions. - Burdach . drinks ; abuse of diuretics ; blows or falls on
    NEP , Nepeta . the region of the kidneys : the presence of re
    NEPENTHA DESTILLATO'RTA, Bandu'- nal calculi, &c . It may be distinguished from
    ra. A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is lumbago, by the pain which attends the latter
    astringent on the slightestmotion , & c . In the treatment,
    NEPEN"THES, from rn, negative particle, antiphlogistics, as V.S., baths, &c., are required
    and nev90$ , “ grief.' A remedy, much extolled to the full extent ; with the use of diluents ,
    by the ancients against sadness and melancholy. opiates, & c .
    The women of Thebes, according to Diodo. NEPHRITIS ALBUMINOSA , Kidney , Bright's
    rus Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its disease of the.
    composition ; and, according to Homer, Helen NEPHROG'RAPHY , from vergos, ' a kid.
    introduced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to ney, and youqy, a description.
    ' An anato
    have been opium . mical description kidney.
    of the
    NEPENTHES, Bangue- n. Opiatum , Pilulæ NEPHROLITUIASIS , from vegpos, ' a kid .
    opiate. ney , ' and 2100 $ , ' a stone .' The disease of cal
    NEP'ETA , N. Cata'ria, Herba felis, Nep or culus in the kidney.
    Catmint , ( F. ) Herbe aux Chats, so called, be . NEPHROLITHIC , same etymom . Belong.
    cause cats are fond of it. The leaves have a ing to calculi in the kidneys. This epithethas
    smell and taste like those of an admixture of been applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi
    spearinint and pennyroyal. It has been re- formed in the kidneys.
    commended in uterine disorders, dyspepsia . NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolo'gia , from reqgos,
    flatulency , & c . like pennyroyal; and is much kidney ,' and loyos, a treatise .' A treatise on
    used in domestic medicine, on the American the kidneys. Dissertation on the kidneys and
    continent, in flatulencies , &c of children . their functions.
    NEPETA AGRESTIS , Melissa nepela . NEI’HROMETRÆ , Psoe.
    NEPHA LIOTES , Temperance. NEPHRON'CUS, from repos, ' the kidney,'
    NEI'HELE , Enxorema, Nebula. and oyxos , ' a tumour .' A tumefaction of the
    NEPHELION , Nebula . kidney .
    NEPH'ELOID , Nephelor'des, Nebulous, Nu. NEPHRO- PHLEGMAT'IC, Nephro-phleg .
    bilo'sus. An epithet applied to urine , when it maticus, from vargoç, kidney ,' and pasyua,
    is cloudy . phlegmn .' A naine given , by some auihors, to
    NEPHOS, Nebula. ischuria produced by mucus contained in the
    NEPHRAL'GIA , Dolor Nephreticus, from urine.
    veroos , ' a kidney ,' and anyos, “ pain .' Pain in NEPHRO.PLETHOR'IC , Nephro -plethor'.
    the kidney. icus, from varpos, a kidney ,' and 119upa,
    NEPHRALGIA RHEUMATICA, Lumbago. * plethora .' Belonging to plethora of the kid
    NEPHRELMINTIC , Nephrelmin'licus, from neys. An epithet given to ischuria dependent
    t's poos, ' a kidney ,' and 'suirs ,' a worm .' That upon this cause .
    which is owing to the presence of worms in the NETHRO - P'YIC ,Nephro-pyſicus, from 184005,
    kidney. a kidney ,' and nor, pus. ' Belonging to
    NEPHREMPHRAXIS , from VE ( OOS , ' a "suppuration of the kidney.
    kidney ,' and surgaogw , ' I obstruct.' A name NEPHROS, Kidney.
    given, by Ploucquet, to obstruction of the kid- NEPHRO -SPASTIC , Nephro -spas'ticus,from
    neys . 1 qoos ,' a kidney,' and oraw , ' I draw .' That
    NEPHRET’IC or NEPHRITIC, Nephrit'. which depends upon spasm of the kidney. An
    icus, from regeos , ' a kidney. ' That which re- epithet given to a variety of ischuria.
    NEPHRO - THROMBOID 4773 NERVE

    NEPHRO-THROMBOID,Nephro-thromboi'-| ployed internally, in herpetic affections, and


    des, from repos, “ a kidney ,' and 90owBos, ' a ihe powder, incorporated with lard , is used in
    clot.' That which depends upon clots of blood, the itch .
    contained in the kidreys or their ducts. An NERONIANA (PHLEBOTOMIA .) An
    epithet for a species of ischuria. epithet, given , for some cause , to phlebotomy,
    NEPHROTOMY, Nephro-lithotomy, Sectio when more than one vein was opened on the
    renu'lis, S. renis, from vergos, ' a kidney, ' and same day.
    TEMPELY , ' to cut. Dissection of the kidneys. NERPRUN PURGATIF, Rhamnus.
    Also , an operation proposed with the view of NERVE, Nertus, Neuron , ( F.) Nerf. This
    extracting calculi, formed in the kidney , by word originally meant the tendons and liga
    means of an incision into the tissue of that ments ; and hence the different acceptations
    organ . of nervous ;' - a man of nerve-a strong, ner
    NEPION , Infans. vous man ; and a weak, nervous woman .
    NEPIOTES, Infancy . The nerves are cords of the same sub
    NEPTA , Asphaltum . stance as composes the encephalon and spinal
    NERANTIA . See Citrus aurantium. marrow . They extend from one or other of
    NERF, Nerven. Circonflere,Axillary nerve the nervous centres to every part of the body ,
    -n . Dentaire , Dental nerve-n . Fessier, Glu- cominunicating, frequently , with each other ;
    teal nerve - n. Glosso-pharyngien , Pharyngo- forming plexuses, and , occasionally, ganglions ;
    glossal nerve - n . Gustutif innominé, Trigemini and being.at length, lost in the parenchyma of
    -n. Gultural, Palatine (middle ) nerve — n.Gut-organs. There are 42 pairs, and , according to
    luro-palatin, Palatine nerve - n . Honteur, Pudic their origin , they are termed Cranial or Ence
    nerve - 1. Irien , Ciliary nerve - n .Ischio -clito. phalic, and Spinal. Each nerve is composed
    rien, Pudic nerve -n. Ischio -pénicn, Pudic nerve of several filaments or cords placed alongside
    -n . Labyrinthique, Auditory nerve-n . Men- each other, and is surrounded by a Neurilema,
    tonnier , Mental nerve - n . Moteur oculaire er- ( 9. v . )
    lerne , Motor oculi externus - n . Oculo -muscu- The encephalic nerves, except the 5th pair ,
    luire ealerne, Motor oculiexternus - n. Oculo- have only one root in the brain, whilst the
    musculaire interne, Patheticus nervus - n . Pa- spinal arise from the marrow by two roots : the
    thétique, Patheticus nervus-n . Péronière one from an anterior fasciculus of filaments,
    branche, Popliteal nerve, external-Pharyngo- the other from a posterior , separated from each
    glossien, Pharyngo-glossal nerve-1 . Première other by the Ligamentum denticulatum ; uniting
    puire trachélienne, Uccipital nerve-1. Vertébro- outside this ligament, and presenting , near the
    digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve - n . Prétibio intervertebral foramen, a ganglion formed only
    digital, Musculo -cutaneous nerve-n . Prétibio by the posterior root. The two roots make,
    sus plantaire, Tibial nerve , anterior - n. Radio- afterwards, but one nerve ; and, like the ence
    digital, Radial nerve -n. Sciatique grand, Scia- phalic nerves, proceed to their destination , sub
    tic nerve, great—n. Sciatique petit, Sciatic dividing into ramiand ramusculi, until they
    nerve , lesser - n. Sciatique poplite cxterne, Mus. are finally lost in the texture of the organs.
    culo-cutaneous nerve - n . Sous-occipital, Occi- The trunks first formed are commonly round ,
    pital nerve - n . Sous-pubio -fémoral, Obturator and proceed alone, or accompany the great ves
    nerven. Spino-cranio -trapézien, Spinal nerve sels, being placed in the cellular spaces, which
    -n . Sus-maxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve- separate the organs,and are thus protected from
    1. Sus-pubien , Supra- pubian nerve- n. Tibiale injury. Their manner of termination we are
    lvranche, Popliteal internal- .n . Trachéal, Laryn . not acquainted with ; whether the nervous
    geal inferior nerve-n . Tranchélo -dorsal, Spinal pulp , for instance , be distributed or lost in a
    nerve-n. trois cordes, Trigemini- n. Tympa- membrane,-as seems to be the case with the
    nique , Chorda tympani. nerves of sight, hearing , and smell, -or form
    NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves papillæ . Certain it is, that there is considera
    —n. Moteurs oculaires communs, Motores oculo- ble difference in the organs , as respects the
    rum - n . Sacrés, Sacral nerves - n. Sous -costales, quantity of nerves that terminate in them ; and
    Intercostal nerves- n. Trijumeaux, Trigemini. the particular arrangement of the nervous ex
    NERIUM , N. Oleander. tremities. Some organs have numerous nerves ;
    NE'RIUM ANTIDYSENTER'ICUM . The tree , others seem to have none : a circumstance
    which affords the Codagapala Bark, Cones'si which influences considerably the sensibility
    cortex, Cortex proflu'vii. Family, Apocyneæ. of parts.
    Ser. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia . (F.) Codaga- The Encephalic Nerves arise from the ence .
    pale and Cropale. The bark of this Malabar phalon , or are inserted into it ; (according as
    tree is of a black colour, externally, and is ge- we consider the brain the origin or termination
    nerally covered with a white moss or scurf. It of the nerves ; ) and make their exit by fora.
    has an austere , bitter taste , and has been re- mina at the base of the skull. They are 12 in
    commended as an astringent, in diarrhæa, dy- number. The spinal nerves are 30 in number,
    sentery, &c . 8 cervical , 12 dorsul, 5 lumbar, and 5 or 6 sui
    NE'RIUM OLEAN'DER, Norium , Rhododaph'- cral : the four inferior cervical being much
    nis, Rosa' go. ( F. ) Laurier rose. The leaves are larger than the superior, because they furnish
    reputed to be narcotic. The infusion is em- the nerves of the upper extremities,
    60
    NERVES 474 NERVES

    SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES .

    1. Cranial or Encephalic Nerdes .


    Divided into internal, external, 6. Abducentcs.
    To the rectus externus oculi .
    1. Olfactory . and middle branches, which ( 6th Pair .)
    ( 1st Pair .) are distributed on the Schnei 1. At its exit from the cranium ,
    durian membrane. the posterior auricular, stylo
    2. Optic. Terminates in the retina. hyoid , and infra-mastoid , lo
    (2d Pair. ) the pavilion of the ear, the
    Superior Branch . To the rectus 7. Facial. mastoid process, the digas
    superior oculi and levator pal (Portio dura of the tricus, and the muscles at
    pebra superioris . 7th Pair .) tached to the styloid process.
    3. Motores Oculo 2. Near the parotid gland , the
    rum .
    Inferior Branch. To the rectus
    internus , rectus inferior, and temporal, malar, buccal , supra
    (3d Pair.) lesser oblique muscles ; a fila marillary, and infra-marillary
    ment which goes to the oph to the whole superficies of the
    thalmic ganglion . face .
    4. Pathetici. To the greater oblique muscle 8. Auditory . To the vestibule , semi-circular
    (41h Pair.) of the eye . ( Portio mollis of the
    Ophthalmic Branch. Divided into 7th Pair. ) canals, and cochlea.
    three branches . 1. The lach- 9. Glosso- pharmgeal. To the base of the tongue and
    tymal branch , to the lachrymal ( Portion of the 8th pr) pharynx.
    gland and upper eyelid . 2. 1. IN THE NECK , -a pharyn .
    Frontal branch , to the fore geal branch to the pharynx ;
    head and upper eyelid . 3. Na superior laryngeal branch to
    sal branch , to the eyelids, na the larynx , and to some mus.
    sal fossæ , and nose. cles of the inferior hyoid re .
    Superior Mazillary Branch . 1. gion . Cardiac branches to the
    The orbitar branch, to the or cardiac plexus.
    bit . 2. The posterior and su 2. IN THE CHEST ,-the infe
    perior dental, to the three last 10. Par Vagum . rior laryngeal branch to the
    molar teeth and gums. 3. The ( of the oth Pair. ) Jarynx : pulmonary branches,
    anterior dental , to the incisor, which for the plexus of the
    canine, and two lesser mo same name : a sophageal bran
    5. Par Trigeminum. lares . 4. Infra -orbitar, to the ches to the esophagus.
    (5th Pair. ) upper lip , cheek , and nose . 3 , IN THE ABDOMEN ,-gas.
    Inferior Maxillary Branch . 1 . tric branches to the parietes
    Temporal(profound )branches, of the stomach ; filaments
    to the temporal muscle . 2 . which go to the ncighbouring
    Masseterine branch , to the plexu- es.
    masseter muscle . 3. Buccal, Al its exit from the cranium
    to the inner surface of the the accessory of the preumo
    cheek . 4. Pterygoid, to .the 11. Spinal or Accesso gastric nerve anastomosing
    internal pterygoid muscle 5. ry of Willis. with this perve . In the neck
    Lingual, to the mucous mem . -Blaments to the trapezius
    brane of the tongue . 6. In muscles.
    ferior dental, to the teeth of Cervicalis descendens, to themus
    the lower jaw, and to the 12. Hypoglossi . cles of the inferior hyoid re le
    lower lip . 7. Auricular branch , (9th Pair. ) gion , and to the cervical
    to the pavilion of the ear and nerves , Filaments to the mus .
    forehead . cles of the tongue .
    II . Spinal or Vertebral Nerves.
    he
    1. Cervical Nerdes. Anterior Branches. Assisting in
    the formation of the brachial
    Anterior Branch . Anastomo . plexus. Branches. Tothe mus
    1st Cervical Pair . sing par arcade with the se 5th , 6th, and 7th Cer Posterior
    cond pair . rical Pairs .
    cles and integuments of the
    Anterior Branch. A branch posterior part of the neck and
    2d Cervical Pair . anastomosing with the first upper part of the back .
    pair : a branch which goes to ' 1. Thoracic Branches, (2 ) 10
    the cervical plexus. the anterior and lateral parts
    31 and 4th Cervical Anterior Branch. Concurring in of the chest. 2. Supra scapu uc
    Pairs. the cervical plexus. lary branch to the muscles of
    The Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on the posterior scapular region. bo
    the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep 3. Infra -scapulary branches
    seated cervico occipital regions. (3 , ) to the subscapularis, teres
    DESCENDING BRANCHES .-1 . In major , teres minor, and latis . 61
    ternal descending , anastomo simus dorsi. 4. The brachial
    sing with a branch of the hy . internal cutaneous, to the in 01
    poglossus. 2. Phrenic branch, teguments of the palmar and
    to the diaphragm . 3. Exter . dorsal surfaces of the forearm ,
    2
    nal descending branches, divi. Brachial Plerus. near the ulnar margin . 5. The
    ding into supra -clavicular, brachial external cutaneous,
    supra -acromial, infra- clavicu principally to the integuments
    lar, and cervicales profundi, of the palmar and dorsal sur
    to the muscles and integu faces of the forearın , near the
    ments of the upper part of radial margin . 6. The median 2
    the chest and shoulder, to the nerve , to the forearm , hand,
    Cervical Plexus. trapezius , levator scapulæ , and palmar surface of all the
    rhoinboidens, & c . fingers . 7. The cubital nerce,
    ASCENDING BRANCHES. - 1.Mas. to the two last fingers. 8. The
    toid , to the posterior and late radial , to the three first. 9 .
    ral part of the head , and the The axillary, around the
    inncr surface of the pavilion shoulder -joint, and to the
    of the ear . 2. Auricular, to neighbouring muscles. N
    the parotid gland and pavi
    lion of the ear . 2. Dorsal Nerres, ( Nervi costa'les. ) ST
    Superficial Cervical Branches . 1st Dorsal Pair. Anterior Branch. To the bra
    (2. ) To the platysma myoi chial plexus.
    des, digastricus , the integu . || 2d and 3d Dorsal Anterior Branches. An inter
    ments of the neck , & c . Pairs. costal and hrachial branch .
    NERVES 475 NERVES

    Anterior Branches . Internal groin , and the thigh . 3. The


    branches, to the intercostals , crural nerve, to the integu
    triangularis sterni, pectoralis ments and muscles of the
    1th, 5th, 6th, and 7th į major, and to the skin. Ez
    ternal branches, to the inte
    thigh , skin of the leg, and
    foot . 4. The obturator nerve ,
    Dorsal Pairs.
    gunents of the chest , the Lumoar Plezus. to the muscles at the inner
    obliquus extervus abdominis, part of the thigh . 5. The
    and the skin of the abdo lumbo sacral , to the sciatic
    men .
    plexus. It gives off the glue
    Anterior Branches . Internal
    teal nerve to the glutæi mus
    branches, to the transversalis , cles .
    obliquus internus, and rectus
    8th, 9th, 10th , and Ilth
    Dorsal Pairs .
    muscles, and to the skin Sucral Nerres ,
    of the abdomen . External
    branches, to the integuments 1st, Sacral
    of the chest, and to the mus .
    , and 4th | AnteriorBranches.
    2d, 3d Pairs. by their union the
    form
    Theysciatic
    cles and skin of the abdomen . plexus.
    Anterior Branch . To the first 5th and 6th Pairs. Anterior Branches. To the parts
    lumbar nerve and to the mus . in the vicinity of the coccyx.
    12th Dorsal Pair .
    cles and skin of the abdomeu The Posterior branches ramily on the muscles and
    as far as the iliac crest. integuinents of the nates.
    The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis pi , Hemorrhoidal nerres, to the
    tributed to the muscles and integuments of the back rectum . 2. Vesical, to the
    and loins . bladder . 3. Ulerine and na
    3 Lumbar Nerves. ginal, to the vagina and ute
    rus. 4. Inferior pluteal, to the
    1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Anterior Branches. Concurring gluteal muscles, perina um ,
    Lumbar Pairs . to form the lumbar plexus. and integuments of the poste
    5th Pair . Anterior Branch . Aiding in rior part of the thighı. 5. Pu
    forming the sciatic plexus. dic , to the perinæum , penis ,
    The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves are dis or vulva . 6. Sciatic, divided
    tributed to the loins, sacrum , and nates . into the external poplitaal,
    Sciatic Plexus.
    1. Musculo -cutaneous branches, which ramifies on the integu .
    to the number of three . One ments and muscles of the ex
    superior , to the muscles of the ternal side of the leg , on the
    abdomen, to the fold of the dorsum of the foot, and the
    groin , and the scrotum : a dorsal surface of the toes ;
    Lumbar Plezus. middle, to the integuments and into the internal popliteal,
    and muscles of the abdomen ; distributed on the dorsal sur
    and an inferior, to the skin face of the two last toes , lo
    of the thigh . 2. A genito the muscles of the foot, and
    crural brancli, to the integu on the plantar surface of all
    ments of the scrotum , the the toes .

    Classifications of the nerves have been re. 11. The accessory nerve of Willis, or superior respira
    commended according to their uses, in prefe. 2. The parvagum .
    rence to the ordinary anatomical arrangement. 3. The glossopharyngeal.
    It has been remarked , that the encephalic 4. The facial, or respiratory of the face.
    nervesNow
    two. have, but one root ; while
    experimentsand the spinal facts
    have 6.
    5. AThenerve
    phrenic:
    pathological which has the same origin as the phrenic ;
    the external respiratory.
    have proved , that the anterior fasciculus of the
    marrow and the anterior roots of the spinal
    nerves are inservient to volition or voluntary oneWhen a horse has been hard ridden , every
    of these nerves is in action .
    motion : and that the posterior fasciculus and Sir C. Bell , again , has reduced the system of
    roots are destined for sensibility . Hence the nerves to two great classes. 1. Those that are
    spinal nerves, which havetwo roots, must be regular, primitive, symmetrical, andcommon
    the conductors both of motion and feeling ; to all animals, from ihe worm to man ; which
    whilst the encephalic, which, with the excep- have double roots,and preside over sensibility
    tion of the fifth pair, have but one, can possess and motion : and, 2. The irregular or super
    but one of these properties: -they must be added , which are added to the preceding , in
    either sensitive or motive, according as they proportion as the organization of animals offers
    arise from the posterior or anterior fasciculus
    of the medulla : and , consequently , three classes new or more complicated organs.
    of nerves may be distinguished. To the first class belong all the spinal nerves
    and one encephalic —the 5th pair ;--- to the
    ) . Sensitive.
    Arising, by a single root, from the second , the rest of the nervous system ..
    posterior fasciculus of the medulla Lepelletier thinks we are justified in dividing
    oblongata or spinal marrow .
    the nerves into five classes ;-- the first com
    2. Motive, S Arising, a single root,
    anteriorby fasciculus of the the prising the nerves of special sensibility --the ol
    from same
    parts . factory, optic, lingual branch of the fifth pair,
    3. Sensitive and whichhave two ronts ;one from the and the auditory : —the second, the nerves of
    Motive. anterior, and one from the posterior general sensibility ,the fifth pair ; and thespinal
    nerves, through their posterior root ;.-- the third
    According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla comprising the roluntary motors, the spinal
    oblongata is composed of three fasciculi on nerves, by theiranterior roots , the motores oca.
    pach side ;an anterior, middle, and posterior. lorum or common oculo-muscular, the external
    Now, whilst the anterior and posterior fasciculi oculo-muscular, and the hypo -glossal : -- the
    produce the nerves of motionand sensation re- fourth , instinctire motors, involuntary , respira
    spectively; themiddle, according to Sir Charles, tory nerves of Sir Charles Bell , the pathetic ,
    gives rise to a third set of nerves -the respira- facial, glosso-pharyngeal , pneumogastric, and
    tory. To this order belong : spinal accessory; and the fifth, nerves of rilal
    NERVES 476 NERVES

    association and nutrition — the filaments and spiratory , inotiferous, sensiferous, and regular:
    plexuses of the ganglionic system . the last including those which communicate
    Dr. Fletcher adopis a different arrangement. both the faculty of sensibility and the stimulus
    He divides them into ganglionic and cerebro. of volition . His arrangement is contained in
    spinal ; the latter being subdivided into the re. I the following table .
    GANGLIONIC . CEREBRO -SPIRAL .

    Those immediately connected Respiratory. Motiferous. Sensiferous. Regular.


    respectirely with
    The Ophthalmie , The Pathetic , The Motor oculi . The Olfactory . The Sub.occipital.
    The ( avernous, The Facial, A part of the lower The Optic. The seven Cervi
    The Otic , The maxillary branch The Ophtl:almic cal.
    Glosso -pha.
    The Spheno-palatine, ryngeal, of the Trigemi . branch of the The twelve Dorsal.
    The Siib maxillary , The Pneumo-gas- ‫אות‬.. Trigeminus. The five Lumbar.
    The three Cervical, tric , The Abductor . The upper Maxil- The five Sacral .
    The Cardiac , The Accessory , Tine Hypo-glossal, lary branch of
    The twelve Dorsal, The Phrenic, and the Trigeminus .
    The Cæliac , The External A part of the lower
    The five Lumbar, Respiratory . Maxillary branch
    The five Sacral, and ofthe Trigeminus.
    The Coccygend Ganglions. The Auditory .

    Dr. Marshall Hall, has proposed another di. spinal or ercito-mo!ory system, belong all spas
    vision of the nervous system , which is calcu modic and certain paralytic diseases . He pro
    lated to explain many of the anomalous circum- perly adds, that these two parts of the nervous
    stanceswe
    divide
    so frequently witness. He proposes system influence each other both in health and
    to all the nerves into disease, as they both influence the ganglionic
    1. The cerebral or the sentient and voluntary . system .
    2. The true spinal or excito -motory. The views of Dr. Hall on the excito- motory
    3. The ganglionic orthe nutrient and secretory. function have been embraced by Müller , Grain
    If the sentient and voluntary functions be de-
    stroyed by a blow upon the head, the sphincter
    gerThe
    , Carpenter, and others.
    nerves are covered and united to the
    muscles will still contract when irritated, be neighbouring parts by an abundant layer of
    cause the irritation is conveyed to the spine , fatty cellular texture, which sends, inwards,
    and the reflex action takes place to the muscle prolongations that separate the nervous cords
    so as to throw it into contraction. But if the and filaments from each other. The arterial
    spinal marrow be now destroyed, the sphincters trunks, which furnish them , transmit branclies
    remain entirely motionless, because the centre into their interior. The veins follow the same
    of the system is destroyed . course as the arteries. Absorbents are not
    Dr. Hall thinks, that a peculiar set of nerves easily traced even in the greatest trunks.
    constitutes, with the true spinal marrow as their NERVE, ACCESSORY OF Willis, Spinal nerve
    axis, the second subdivision of the nervous -n . Articular, Axiliary nerve - n. Buccinator,
    system ; and as those of the first subdivision Buccal nerve-n . Cubito digital, Cubital nerve
    are distinguished into sentient and voluntary, -n . Femoro -popliteal, lesser, Sciatic nerve,
    these may be distinguished into the excitor lesser - n. Gluteal, of the Sacral plexus , Sciatic
    and motory. The first , or the exeitor nerves , nerve , lesser - n .Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve
    pursue their course principally from external --n . of Jacobson, see Petrosal ganglion - n.
    surfaces, characterized by peculiar excitabilities, Lateral nasal, Spheno- palatine nerve - n. Lin .
    to the true medulla oblongata and m . spinalis , gual , Hypoglossal nerve -- n . Naso- ocularis,
    the second, or the motor nerves, pursue a reflex Nasal nerve-n. Naso-palpebral, Nasal nerve
    course from the medulla to the muscles, having n. Orbito-frontal , Ophthalmic nerve -- n .Ocular,
    peculiar actions, concerned principally in inges. Optic nerve - n . of Organic life, Trisplanchnic
    tion and egestion . The motions connected with N.-n. Palpebro-frontal, Frontal nerve - n. Pop
    the first or cerebral subdivision are sometimes, liteal internal, Tibialnerve, posterior-n . Respi
    indeed frequently , spontaneous ; those con- ratory , of theface, Facial nerve -- n. Respiratory,
    nected with the true spinal are, he believes, | Axillary
    superior, nerve
    Spinal- nerve - n. Scapulo-humeral,
    n . Spiral, Radial nerve - n.
    always excited.
    Dr. Hall thinks,too,that there is good reason Spiral (muscular, Radial nerve - n . Sub-occi.
    for viewing the fifth , and posterior spinal nerves pital , Occipital nerve -- n. Superficial temporal,
    as constituting an external ganglionic system, Auricular nerve - n. Sympathetic , Trisplanchnic
    for the nutrition of the external organs; and he N .--n . Temporal culaneous, Auricular nerve
    proposes to divide the ganglionic subdivision of n. Ulnar, Cubital nerve -- n. Vidian , Pterygoid
    ihe nervous system, into 1. The internal gan nerve - n.Zygomato-auricular,Auricular nerve .
    glionic, which includes that usually denomi- NERVES, COSTAL , Intercostal nerves-n .
    nated the sympathetic, and probably filaments Dorsal , Intercostal nerves --n. Eighth pair of,
    of the pneumogastric ; and 2. The external gan . Pneumno-gastric - n. Encephalic, first pair, 01
    glionic, ernbracing the fifth and posterior spinal factory nerves - n . Encephalic, eleventh pair,
    nerves . Spinal nerves- n . Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves
    To the cerebral system he assigns all diseases -n . Fifth pair, Trigemini- n . Fourth pair of,
    of sensation, perception, judgment, and voli . Patheticus nervus- n. Infra-orbitar, Sub-orbi
    tion - therefore all painful, mental, and coma- tar nerves-n . Ninth pair of, Hypoglossal nerve
    tome , and some paralylic , diseases. To the true -n. Oculo- muscular, common , Motores acu
    NERVI 477 NEURALGIA

    Jorum-n. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic nerves-n. follows the course ofa nervous branch ; extends
    Recurrent, Laryngeal inferior N.-n. Sixth to its ramifications, and seems, therefore, to be
    pair of, Motor oculi externus - n . Spinal, Verte- seated in the nerve . The principal neuralgiæ
    bral N.-n. Third pair of,Motores oculorum . have been distinguished by the names fucial
    NERVI ANONYMI, Innominati nervi - n. (of which the infra-orbitar,marillary and fron
    Divisi, Trigemini- n. Gustatorii , Trigemini- tal are but divisions)-the ilio-scrotul, femoro
    n. Odoratorii, Olfactory nerves-n. Reversivi , popliteal, femoro.pretibial, plantar, and cubito
    Laryngeal inferior nerves. digital. A division ofanomalous neuralgiæ has
    NERVINE , Nervi'nus, Neurotic , Neuritic, likewise been admitted.
    Antineurotic, Antineuropath'ic. A medicine,con- 1. Facial NEURALGIA , Neuralgin faciei,
    sidered proper for relieving debility of the ner- Trismus maxilla'ris, T. Dolorif'icus, Opsialgia ,
    vous system . Dolor crucians faciei, Hemicra'nia idiopath'ica ,
    NERVOUS, Nertosus, Neurodes. Relating Autal'gia doloro'sa, Tic douloureur, Dolor fucici,
    or belonging to the nerves. Strong ; also, Dolor faciei typ'ico charactere, D. F. Fother
    weak , irritable . gilli, Trismus clon'icus, Rheumatismus cancro'.
    Thé Nervous Duathesis is termed Alat'ia sus, Rheumatis'mus larva'tus , Prosopalgia,
    spirituum , Anoma'lia nervo'rum , Status nervo'. Dolor faciei period'icus, Febris lop'ica, Ophihul
    sus, S. ereth'icus, Diath'esis nervo'sa , Constitu'- modyn'ia period'ica, is characterized by acute,
    tio nervosa. lancinating pains, returning at intervals ; and
    Nervous DISEASES, Morbi nervo'si. (F.) by twinges in certain parts of the face , pro
    Maladies nerocuses . Affections seated in the ducing convulsive twitches in the corresponding
    nervous system . muscles. It may be seated in the frontalnerve,
    A NERVOUS ATTACK , ( F. ) Attaque des nerfs, infra -orbitar, or in the maxillary branch of the
    is an affection accompanied with spasm , pain , 5th pair.
    and different nervous symptoms, to which ir- 1. Metopodyn'in, Brow -ague, Neuralgia fron
    ritable individuals are liable. ta'lis, Ophthalmodyn'ia , Tic douloureur, Dolor
    Nervous Fluid , Nervous principle, Flu'idum periodicus, &c . , commences at the superciliary
    ner'reum , Liquidum nerdeum , Succus nerveus, foramen and extends along the ramifications of
    Spiritus vitalis. The fluid which is supposed the frontal nerve that are distributed on the
    to circulate through the nerves, and which has forehead , upper eyelid , caruncula lacrymalis,
    been regarded as the agent of sensation and and nasal angle of the eyelids. Sometimes it
    motion. of this fluid we know nothing, except is felt particularly in the orbit.
    that it resembles , in many respects, the electric The Neuralgia infra -orbita'ria , Dolor faciei
    or galvanic . It was formerly called Animal atror, Rheumatis'muscancro'sus, Trismus clon '.
    spirits, Spiritus animales. (F.) Esprits animaur. icus, Prosopalgia, Febris top'ica , Odontal'gia
    Nervous Pain, Neuralgia-n. Principle , N. remittens ei intermittens, Hemicra'nia sava, In
    fluid . frn - or'bitar neuralgia , Tic douloureux, is chiefly
    NERVOUS System. The nerves of the human felt in the infra -orbitar foramen , whence it
    body considered collectively. passes to the cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower
    Nervous SYSTEM OF THE AUTOMATIC FUNC- eyelid, & c .
    tions , Trisplanchic nerve-n . System , organic, In the Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Tic douloureur,
    see Trisplanchnic nerve-n. System of the Trismus catarrha'lis maxillaris, the pain usually
    senses, Medulla oblongata -- n. System of volun-sets out from the mental foramen and passes to
    tary motion, & c ., Medulla spinalis. the chin , lips, temple, teeth , and tongue.
    NERVUS, Nerve , Penis-n. Anonymus, Tri. The I110 -SCROTAL NEURALGIA has been rarely
    gemini-n . Communicans faciei , Facial nerve observed. It is characterized by a very acute
    -n . Innominatus, Trigemini- n. Latus,Achil. pain in the course of the branches of the first
    lis tendo -- n . Lingualis lateralis,Pharyngo -glos. lumbar pair ; this pain follows the crista ilii and
    sal nerve--n. Lingualis medius, Hypoglossal accompanies the spermatic vessels to the tes
    nerve -- n. Musculi Pterygoidei, Pterygoid nerve ticle , which is often painfully retracted.
    --n. Mixtus, Trigemini-- n . Opticus, Optic NEURALGIA FEM'ORO-POPLITEA, Sciat'ica,
    nerve -- n . Quintus, Trigemini -- n. Sympatheti- Schias, Malum ischiad'icum , Morbus ischiadicus,
    cus medius, Trigemini-- n. Sympathicus me- Passio ischiad'ica, Ischiagra, Ischialgia, Ischio'.
    dius, Trigernini -- n. Timidus, Motor oculi ex- sis, Coxal'gia ,Neuralgia Ischiadica , Dolor Ischi
    ternus - n. Tremellus, Trigemini-- n. Troch- ad'icus nervo'sus, Ischias nervosa Cotugnii vel
    learis , Patheticus nervus. Cotunnii, Ncurisch'ias, Ischias nervo'sa posti'cu ,
    NESTIATRI'A , Nestitherapi'a, from notis, Ischias, Coxagra, Ischias rheumaticum , Ischiat:
    ' a faster,' and depanela , treatment.' Treat- ica, Goutte sciatique. This is characterized by
    ment of a disease by causing the patient to fast. pain, following the great sciatic nerve from the
    NESTITHERAPEIA , Nestiatria. ischiatic notch to the ham , and along the pero
    NETTLE , ARCHANGEL , WHITE , La- neal surface of the leg to the sole of the foot.
    mium album-n. Dead , Lamium albumi-- n . NEURALGIA FEM'ORO-PRETIBI'lis, Ischias
    Hedge , Galeopsis --n. Pill-bearing, Urtica piluli- nervo'sa anti'ca. In this, the pain, setting ont
    fera-- n. Rash , Urticaria -- n . Stinging, common, from the groin , spreads along the fore part of
    Urtica. the thigh and passes down , chiefly ,on the inner
    NEURAL'GIA , from revpor, " a nerve ,' and side of the leg, to the inner ankle and back of
    u2yos , pain .' Rheumatismus spu'rius nervo'- the foot.
    sus, Neurodyn'ia. (F.) Nevralgie, Nerrouspain . NEURALGIA PLANTA'ris. This is rare ; and
    A generic name for a certain number of dis- the pain is confined to the course of theplantar
    eases ; the chief symptom of which is a very nerves.
    acute pain , exacerbating or intermitting, which NEURALGIA CU'BITO -DIGITALIS, 13'chias ner
    NEURASTHENIA 478 NICOTIANA

    vo'sa digita'lis. In this variety , the pain ex- NEURON , Nerve .


    tends from the part where the nervepasses under NEURON'OSOS , Neuronu'sos, from reuOOP ,
    the inner condyle to the back of the hand and a nerve, ' and vooos, ' a disease. ' A disease of
    to its cubital edge . the nerves .
    Under the name Anomalous NEURAL'GIÆ , NEUROPATH'IC , Neuropath'icus, from
    Chaussier has included different neuroses, some veupov, ' a nerve ,' and nabos , a disease.' Be .
    of which are characterized by acute pains cir- longing to disease of the nerves , to Neuropathi'a
    cumscribed within a short compass, or extend or Neuron'osos.
    ing by irradiations, but not having their seat NEUROPYRA , Typhus mitior.
    in the course of a nerve ; and others which are NEURO'SES, from revpov, “ a nerve .' A
    occasioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, generic name for diseases supposed to have
    or which succeed contusions or incomplete divi- their seat in the nervous system , and which
    sion of nerves. are indicated by disordered sensation, volition ,
    All varieties of neuralgiæ are obstinate, and or mental manifestation ; without any evident
    the greatest diversity of meanshas been made lesion in the structure of the parts, and without
    use of:-bleeding, general and local, -emetics, any material agent producing them . Such is
    purgatives , rubefacients , vesicants , actual cau- the usual definition . " Broussais attributes them
    tery, narcotics, mercurial frictions ; electricity; to a state of irritation of the brain and spinal
    destruction of a portion of the nerve , & c . The marrow.
    most successful remedy, perhaps is the Carbo- NEUROSTHENIA , Neurasthenia, see Ir
    nate of iron , given in doses of somemagnitude ; ritable .
    as , for instance, 3ss or ij, twice or thrice a day NEUROTHELIC APPARATUS, Corpus
    in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued papillare .
    for a month or two, will generally relieve and NEUROTIC , Nervine.
    ultimately remove this much dreaded affection . NEUROTICA , from revoov, a nerve . ' Dis.
    The mode in which it acts is by no means eases of the nervous function. The 4th class of
    clear ; but it is almost as certain as any other Good's Nosology.
    remedy used in disease in producing its salu- NEUROTOME , Neurotomos ; from revpor,
    tary effects. The bowels must be kept free ; a nerve,' and Teuvo, ' I cut,'· I dissect.' An
    and all inflammatory symptoms be removed instr ument used, by anatomists, to dissect the
    during its administration . nerves . It is a long and very narrow scalpel ,
    NEURASTHENIA, Neurostheni'a,Debil'itas having two edges.
    nervo'sa . Debility or impaired activity NEUROTOMY
    of the , Neuroto'mia . Same etymon.
    nerves ; from revpor, a nerve ,' and colevia , Dissection of the nerves. Also , an incised wound
    • debility.'—See Irritable. of a nerve .
    NEURILE'MA, Neurilem'ma , Neurily'ma, NEURYMEN , Neurilema.
    Neur'ymen, Perineu'rion, Fistula seu Tubulus seu NEUTRAL ,from Neuter, ' neither.' Belong
    ing to neither in particular.
    Capsula seu Incolu'crum nervo'rum , Membra'na NEUTRAL SALTS , Secondary salts, ( F. ) Sels
    seu Membran'ula seu Tu'nica seu Indumen'tum
    nervo'rum , Vagi'na nervo'rum ; from vevoor, ' a neutres. A salt, composed of two primitive sa
    nerve,' and neura, a coat. ' The fine transpa- line substances, combined together, and not pos
    rent, and apparently fibrous membrane that sessing the characters of acid or of base .
    surrounds the nerves - to every filament of NÉVRALGIE , Neuralgia.
    which it forms a true canal . NÉVRITE, Neuritis .
    NEURILEMMI'TIS . Same etymon . In- NEVUS, Nævus.
    flammation of the neurilema. NEW JERSEY , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    NEURILYMA , Neurilema . In the upper part of Morris'county and in the
    NEURINE . The substance of which the county of Hunterdon , near the top of Mus
    nervous system is composed. It consists chiefly conetcong mountain , there are chalybeate
    of albumen and fatty matter. springs, which are resorted to. See Schooley's
    NEURISCHIAS ,Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa. Mountain.
    NEURITIC , Nervine . NEW YORK , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    NEURITIS , (F.) Nérrite, from veupor, ' a The chief waters are those of Ballston and Sa
    Inflammation of a nerve .
    nerve . ' ratoga, ( q. v.)
    NEUROBLACI'A , from reupov , ' a nerve ,' NEZ, Nasus .
    and paareia, stupor. Insensibility of the NICODE'MI OLEUM , Oil of Nicodemus.
    nerves .
    An oil made by digesting, for some time, -in a
    NEUROCHONDRO’DES, from revpor , " a mixture of white wine and olive oil,-old turpen
    sinew, ' yordoos, “ a cartilage ,' and kidos , re- tine, litharge, aloes, saffron , oxyd of zinc, & c.
    semblance .' A hard substance between a sinew NICOTIANA, N. tabacum - n . Minor, N.
    and a cartilage. rustica .
    NEURODES , Nervous. NicotiA'NA Rus'TICA , N. minor, Priapei'a ,
    NEURODYNIA , Neuralgia. Hyoscy'amus luteus . English tobacco. The
    NEUROGAMIA , Magnetism , animal. leaves possess the properties of tobacco , but are
    NEUROG’RAPHY, Nourogra'phia ; from milder .
    levpor, ' a nerve ,' and youpri, * a description . ' NICOTIANA TAB'acum , Nicotiana , Herba td
    The part ofanatomywhich describes the nerves. baci, Tabacum , Petum , Petun, Hyoscyamus Pe
    NEUROL'OGY, Neurologia , from reupov, “ a ruria 'nus, Tobacco, Virgin'ia tobacco , (F.) Tabac,
    nerve , ' and loyos , ' a discourse .' That part of Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent acro- narcotic ;
    anatomy which treats of the nerves. its properties seemingto depend upon a peculiar
    NITROMETRES, Psoa. principle , Nicotin or Nicotianin . It is narcotic ,
    NICOTIANE 479 NITROUS OXIDE

    sedative, diuretic , emetic , cathartic, and er- the contents of the abdomen are compressed ;
    rhine. In incarcerated hernia, it is injected, in and the evacuation of the fæces, urine, &c. is
    the form of smoke or infusion , but requires effected .
    great caution. It is most extensively and ha- Nisus, Effort-n . Formativus, Plastic force .
    bitually used as an errhine and sialogogue. NITEDULA, Cicindela .
    The infusion is used to kill vermin , and in some NITRAS KALICUM , Potassæ nitras-n .
    cutaneous eruptions. Lixiviæ , Potassæ nitras-n . Natricum , Soda ,
    NICOTIANE, Nicotiana tabacum . nitrate ofến . Potasse cum sulphure fusus ,
    NICOTIANIN . See Nicotiana tabacum . Potassæ nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus
    NICOTIN . See Nicotiana tabacum. -n . Sub -bismuthicum , Bismuth , sub -nitrate of.
    NICTA'TION , Nicta'tio , Nictita'tio, Nystag'- NITRATE , Nitras. ' A salt, formed of a base
    mus, Clonus nictita'tio, Twinkling of the eye, (F.) and nitric acid. Several nitrates are employed
    Clignolement, Cligneinent, Cillement, Souris. A in medicine .
    rapid and repeated movement of the eyelids , NITRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammoniæ
    which open and shut alternately . As oc- nitras.
    casionally performed, it is physiological ; if re- NITRE , Potassæ nitras .
    peatedly , a disease . It seems to be executed NITRIC ACID, Acidum nitricum , Aqua fortis,
    chiefly by the 7th pair of nerves ;but it is ne. Nitrous acid ,Spir'itus nitri duplex , Sp. nitri fu
    cessary that the 5th pair should likewise be in mans, Sp. nitri Glauberi, Azót'ic acid , Dephlo
    a state of integrity. gisticated nitrous acid , Oxysepton'ic acid, Spir'
    NIDAMENTUM , Decidua . itus nitri acidus. Nitric acid is obtained from
    NIDOROUS , Nidoro'sus, from Nidor , Cnissa ,nitre — the Nitrate of potass. Its odour is suf
    the smell of any thing burnt,' & c. Having focating; taste very acid and caustic . It is cor
    the smell of burnt corrupt animal matter. rosive, liquid , colourless, and transparent. S. G
    NIELLE , Nigella. 1,500. 100 grains ought to saturate 124 of sub
    NIGELLA , Coptis . carbonate of soda.
    NIGEL'LA, N. sati'ra, Melan'thium , Fennel Strong nitric acid is rarely used except as an
    flower, Cuminum Nigrum .Devil in a bush , (F.) application to foul , indolent ulcers , or to warts.
    Nigelle, Nielle. This was formerly used medi. When given internally, it is in the form of the
    cinally as an expectorant and deobstruent, er- Acidum Nitricum Dilu'tum , Spir'itus nitri sim
    rhine , sialogogue, &c. plex , Sp. nitri rulga'ris — the Dilute nitric acid,
    NIGELLE , Nigella. which , in the London Pharmacopeia, consists
    NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equinæ. of nitric acid , 3) water zix, by measure. Di.
    Night Mare, Incubus. luted largely with water, it is used, as a drink ,
    NIGHT SHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca in fevers of the typhoid kind ; in chronic af
    decandra-n. Common, Solanum-n. Deadly , fections of the liver ; syphilis, &c . , but, in the
    Atropa belladonna-n. Enchanter's, Circæa latter affections, it is not to be depended upon .
    lutetiana - n. Garden , Solanum-n . Palestine, NITROGEN , Azote .
    Solanum sanctum - n . Woody , Solanum dul- NI'TROGEN, GAZEOU S OXIDE OF,
    camara . Nitrous oxide, Protox'idle of azote, Paradise gas,
    NIGREDO À SOLE, Ephelides. Inloricating gas, Laughing gas, Dephlogis'
    NIGRITA, Negro. ticated nitrous gas , Gaz uzot'icum oxygena'lum .
    NIGRITIES OSSIUM , Caries. This gas, when respired, produces singular ef
    NIGRITUDO , Melanosis. fects ; great mental and corporeal excitement;
    NIGROMANTIA , Necromancy. and,generally,so much exbilaration as to render
    NIGROR, Melasma. the appellation , “ laughing gas , " by no means
    NIGRUM OCULI, Pupil . inappropriate. It has not been much used in
    NIHIL ALBUM ,Zinci oxydum-n. Griseum , medicine, although recommended in paralysis.
    Zinci oxydum . Its effects are too violent and too transient to
    NILIACUM , Mel . render it a valuable remedial agent ; and , in the
    NINDSIN , Sium ninsi. delicate , it has been productive of unpleasant
    NINSI , Sium ninsi . effects, inducing palpitation, fainting, and con
    NINSING , Panax quinquefolium . vulsions .
    NINZIN , Sium ninsi. NITRO -MURIATIC ACID, Nitro-hy
    NIPPLE, Sax . nypele . The Teat. The dug,drochlor'ic acid , Hydrochloro-nitric acid, Aqua
    Mammilla, Mammeli'a, Papilla , Thele, Titthe, regia, Aqua stygia, Chrysulea, Aqua' regis
    Titthos, Titthion , Titthis, ( F.) Mamelon. The Acidum muriaticum nitro'so-oxygena'tum, Men
    conical tubercle, situate at the centre of the struum auri, ( F.) Eau régale. A mixture of the
    breast. Towards the central part of each breast nitric and muriatic acids has been used in dis
    the skin changes colour, and assumes a rosy tint eases of the liver, in the form of a bath for the
    in young females , or a reddish brown in those feet and legs , made sharply acidulous. It has,
    who have suckled severalchildren . This circle also , been employed, and with more uniform
    is called the Arcola or Aureola (q. v.) of the nip- results , in cutaneous affections. Whatever ad
    ple . The nipple is capable of erection on being vantage it inay possess in internal diseases
    excited . and these advantages are doubtful — they are
    NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana . probably dependent upon the chlorine formed
    NIRLES, Herpes exedens. hy the mixture , or upon the properties, pos
    NISUS, Nirus, Peira ,Straining. A voluntary sessed by the mineral acids in general. See
    retention of the breath ; so as to force down the Chlorine.
    diaphragm ; the abdominalmuscles being at the NITROUS OXIDE , Nitrogen, gaseous.
    same time contracted forcibly. In this manner oxide of.
    NITRUM 480 NOSOLOGY

    NITRUM , Natron , Potassæ nitras-n . Anti- NOMENCLATURE , Nomencla'tio, Nomen .


    quorum , Soda - n. Cubicum , Soda, nitrate of , clatu'ra , Onomatologʻia, Onomatoclesis, from
    n . Factitium , Borax- n . Flammans, Ammoniæ orouo, ' name ,' and xudeu , ' I call.' A collection
    nitras– n . Lunare, Argenti nitras - n. Rhom- of terms or words peculiar to a science or art.
    boidale , Soda, nitrate of -- n . Vitriolatum Schroe . In all sciences, nomenclature is an object of im.
    deri, Potassæ sulphas-n. Tabulatum , Potassa portance ; and each term should convey to the
    nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus- n. Vi- student a definite meaning. The Lavoisierian
    triolatum , Potassæ sulphas. nomenclature was a valuable gift to chymistry ;
    NIX , Snow . and anatomy has derived advantages from the
    Nix Fumans, Calx viva. labours of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier, who
    NIXUS, Nisus . have given names to parts indicative of their
    NOBLE, Nobilis, Prin'cipal, Essen'tial. Noble situation. See Muscle. The nomenclature of
    parts,Partes essentia'les:-Someanatomists have pathology has required the greatest attention ;
    given this name to parts, without which life can . and although repeated attempts have been made
    not exist; such as the heart, liver , lungs, brain , to improve it,the barbarous terms that disgrace
    &c. The organs of generation have, likewise, it, are still most frequently adopted . It consists
    been so called. of Hebrew and Arabic terms ; Greek and Latin ,
    Noble Parts, Genital organs. French, Italian , Spanish , German , English , and
    NOCTAMBULATIO , Somnambulism . even Indian, African , and Mexican ; often bar.
    NOCTILUCA , Cicindela . barously and illegitimately compounded.
    NOCTISURGIUM , Somnambulism . A want of principle in founding the technical
    NOCTUINI O'CULI . Gray or blue eyes.- terms of medicine is every where observable .
    Castelli . They have been formed :
    NODE, Nodus Emphy'ma eroslo'sis perios'tea ; 1. From colour ; as Melæna , Melas, Alrabilis ,
    (F.) Nodosité, Nuud ; from Hebr. 7), a heap .' Leuce, Alphos, Chlorosis, Rubeola, Scarlatina,
    A hard concretion or incrustation, which forms Purpura , & c.
    around joints attacked with rheumatism or gout . 2. From duration, as Ephemeral, quotidian,
    Some include , under this name, exostoses, ar- tertian, and quartun , continued, and intermil
    ticular calculi, ganglions , and even the chronic tent , &c.
    swellings of the joints, known under the name 3. From Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Insects, and
    of white swellings. Plants, as Rabies canina, Cynanche, Boulimia ,
    NODDING , Annuitio. Pica, Hippopyon, Elephantiasis, Urticaria, Lichen ,
    NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges Ichthyosis, &c .
    of the fingers - n . Nervorun , Ganglions , ner- 4. From Persons or Places, as Morbus Her
    vous .
    NODOI , Nefrendes.
    culeus, Facies Hippocratica ,Lepra Arabum , Plicu
    Polonica , Sudor Anglicus, Morbus Gallicus, & c .,
    NODOSIA . See Nefrendes . and Ignus Suncti Antonii, Chorea Sancti Viti, & c .
    NODOSITÉ, Node. NON -NATURALS, Non naturalia . Under
    NOD'ULI ARANTII, Noduli Morgagnii, this term the ancient physicians comprehended
    Corpora Arantii. The small sesamoid bodies air,meat and drink, sleep and watching, motion
    situate on the periphery of the semiluna valves and rest, the retentions and excretions, and the
    of the aorta and pulmonary artery , for the better affections of the mind.
    occlusion of the artery . NONUS HUMERI PLACENTINI, Teres
    Noduli Morgagnii, N. Arantii-- n . Nervo- minor - n. Linguæ musculus, Genio-glossus
    rum , Ganglions, nervous . n . Vesalii , Peronæus tertius.
    NODUS, Articulation, Hamma - .n . Cerebri , NOSE , Nasus - n . Running at the, Coryza .
    Pons varolii - n . Encephali, Pons varolii- n . NOSEMA , Disease .
    Hystericus, Globus hystericus. NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick .
    NOESIS , Intellect. NOSOCOMIUM , Hospital.
    NEUD, Node --n. du Chirurgien, Knot, sur- NOSOCOMUS , Infirmier .
    geon's — n . Emballeur,Knot, picker's. NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick .
    NOISETIER , Corylus avellana. NOSODOCHIUM , Hospital.
    NOISETTE, Corylus avellana ( nut. ) NOSOG'ENY, Nosogen'ia, from ro00s, ' a
    NOIX , Juglans regia (nux )-n. Americaine, disease,' and ; eroş, origin .' ' The department
    Jatropha curcas - n. des Barbudes, Jatropha of medicine, which regards the formation of
    curcas — n . Cathurtique, Jatropha curcas - n. diseases.
    d'Eau , Trapa natans - n . de Galle, see Quercus NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosogra'phia, from rooos,
    cerris-n . de erpent, see Thevetia Ahouai - n. " a disease ,' and youyo, ' I describe.' A de .
    Vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica . scription of diseases .
    NOLA CULINARIA , Anemone pulsatilla . NOSOL'OGY, Nosolo'gia , from 1000s, ' a dis
    NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chan- ease,' and Loyos, ' a discourse.' A name given
    creur ( Bouton .) to that part of medicine, whose object is the
    NOMA , Cancer aquaticus . classification of diseases . The most celebrated
    NOM’ADE, Nomas, from roun, pasturage.' nosological systems have been those of Sau
    An epithet given to people who have no fixed vages, (1763,)Linnæus , ( 1763,) Vogel, ( 1764,)
    habitation, and who travel with their focks , Sagar, ( 1776,) Macbride,(1772 ,) Cullen , (1772 )
    from country to country, for pasturage . Such Darwin , (1796 ) Selle, Crichton,( 1804 , Parr,
    are the Tartars. By analogy, the word Nomadic (1809 ,) Swediaur , ( 1812,) Pinel, (1813 ,) Young,
    has been applied to spreading ulcers. ( 1813 , ) Good, ( 1817 , ) Hosack , ( 1818 ,) & c .
    NOMBRIL , Umbilicus. Besides these general nosographies, others
    NOME, Phagedenic ulcer. have been published on Surgery , exclusively ,
    NOSONOMY 431 NUT

    none of which are particularly worthy of enu . NOTOS, Dorsum , Vertebral column .
    meration amongst nosological systems. NOUAGE DE LA CORNÉE, Caligo.
    Nosological arrangements have , also , been NOUÉ ( Bandage) ( F.) ; “ knotted.' A band. '
    formed of single families or groups of diseases. age , which has a considerable number of knots
    Plenck , of Baden , is the author of two separate placed above each other . It is made with a
    treatises of this kind : the one, a methodical roller, 6 or 7 ells long , rolled into two balls,and
    arrangement of the diseases of the eyes, and is used to compress the parotid region, after the
    the other , of cutaneous diseases. Dr. Willan , extirpation of the parotid gland . Also, an epi
    published an arrangement of cutaneous diseases, thet applied to children in whom the disease of
    which was completed by Dr. Bateman, and rickets has swollen the articulations. It is,
    adopted into the Nosology of Dr. Hosack. Mr. likewise, applied to the gout, when it has caused
    Abernethy , also , published a methodical classi- nodes on the joints.
    fication of tumours, and many other partial no. NOUET (F.), Noil'ulus. A bag, filled with
    sological classifications mighi be enumerated . medicinal substances , and infused in a liquid
    NOSON’OMY, Nosonom'in ; from rocoș , a to communicate their properties to it.
    disease ,'and oroua, name .' The nomenclature NOUFFER'S , MADAME, REMEDY , Poly
    of diseases. podium filix mas.
    NOSOS , Disease . NOURRICE , Nurse.
    NOSOTAX'Y , Nosotar'ia ; from 1000 $ , ( a NOURRICIER , Nutritious.
    disease ; and tuzis, 'arrangement.' The distri. NOURRITURE , Aliment .
    bution and classification of diseases . NOUS, Intellect.
    NOSTALGIA , from rontos, return ,' , , a NOUURE, Rachitis.
    journey home,' and użyos , “ pain .' Nostomo'nia NOYAU CENTRAL DES PÉDONCULES
    Pathopatridal'gia , Philopatridal' gia ,Philopatri- DU CERVELET,Corpus dentatum .
    doma'nia. ( F ) Nostalgie, Maladie du pays. NOYER , Juglans regia-n. de Ceylon , Ad
    An affection , produced by the desire of return . hatoda.
    ing to one's country. It is commonly attended NUAGE, Nebula.
    by slow wasting, and sometimes by hectic, NUBECULA , Enæorema, Nebula .
    which may speedily induce death. M. Pinel NUBES , Eneorema, Nebula.
    properly regards it as a variety of melancholy. NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid.
    NOSTOMANIA , Nostalgia. NUCES AQUATICÆ, see Trapa natans
    NOSTRILS, Nares . n . Quercus, see Quercus alba.
    NOTAL/GIA , Notial gia , ( Nostalgia (impro. NUCHA , (F. ) Nuque. The hinder part or
    perly ) of Kochlin and others,) from rustos, ' the nape of the neck. The part where the spinal
    back ,' and użyos, é pain . ' Pain in the back . marrow begins.
    NOTCH , Teut. Nocke, Ital. Nocchia , Emar. The LIGAMES'TUM Nuch . A strong liga
    ginn'tio, Emarginatu'ra, (F.) Échuncrure . De- ment from the neck, proceeding from one
    pressions or indentations of different shapes and spinous process to another, and inserted into
    sizes, observed on the circumference or edges the occipital bone . It is very strong in quad
    of certain bones. rupeds.
    The Ischiat'ıc Notches, ( F. ) Échancrures NUCISTA . See Myristica moschata .
    Ischiatiques, are two in number,-- the greater NUCK, CANAL OF A small prolongation
    and the less . The former is large, situate at the of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal
    inferior part of the pelvis, and formed by the canal of the female fætus. So called from Nuck,
    sacrum and ilium . It gives passage to the sci- who first described it.
    atic nerve , pyramidalis muscle , and to the supe- NUCLEUS , see Cytoblast.
    rior gluteal vessels and nerves. The latter is NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbo
    much smaller than the other , from which it is castanum .
    separated by the sciatic spine. It gives passage NUMMULAR, Nummula'ris. Relating to
    to the tendon of the obturator internus, and to money, from nummus, ' money. ' An epithet
    the internal pudic vessels and nerves, applied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flat
    The Ethmoid'at Notch , (F.) Échancrure ten at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of
    ethmoidale , is situate on the frontal bone , and money.
    joins the ethmoid . NƯMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia.
    The Parot'id Notca , ( F. ) Échancrure paro- NURUE , Nucha.
    tidienne, is the triangular space , comprised be- NURSE , Nutrir, Trephousa . Sax. nosice.
    tween the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary (F.) Nourrice, Garde-maiade. One who suckles
    bone and the mastoid process; so called, be- her own child or another's . One that has the
    cause it lodges the parotid gland. The notches care of a sick person .
    in soft parts are generally called Fissures , (q . v.) A WET Nurse . A female, who suckles the
    NOTENCEPH'ALUŠ, from yoTo $ , the back ,' child of another.
    and tynepain, the head . ' A monster, whose A Dry NURSE. One , who gives every care
    head, with the brain , is on the back.-G. St. to the child , but does not suckle it.
    Hilaire . NUT, BUTTER, Juglans cinerea-n . Cem
    NOTHEUSIS , Degeneration. bros , see Pinus cembra - n . Physic , Jatropha
    NOTHIA , Degeneration. curcas - n . Pine, see Pinus picea - n . Pistachio ,
    NOTHUS , False. see Pistacia vera - n . Poison , see Strychnos
    NOTIÆUS, Dorsal, Medulla spinalis . nux vomica - n . Purging, see Jatropha - n .Soap,
    NOTIALGIA , Notalgia . see Sapindus saponaria — n. Tree , Malabar, Ad
    NOTOMYELITIS , Myelitis. hatoda - n. Vomic, see Strychnos nux vomica
    NOTON , Dorsum . n . Zirbel, see Pinus Picea.
    61
    NUTATION 482 NYMPHOTOMY

    NUTA’TION, Nuta'tio. Constant oscillation NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism .


    of the head , in which it moves involuntarily in NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism .
    one or more directions. NYMPHÆ , from rupom, a water nymph .'
    NUTMEG . See Myristica moschata. Ale inter'næ mino'res clitor'idis, Carun'cula
    NUTRICATIO , Nutrition . cuticula'res, Ale minores, Collic'ula ragi'næ ,
    NUTRICIER , Nutritious. Myrtocheil'ides, Labia mino'ra seu inter'na. ( F.)
    NUTRICIUS, Nutritious. Nymphes, Petites lèrres. Two membranous
    NUTRIMENTUM , Aliment. folds, which arise from the lateral parts of the
    NUTRITION, Nútri'tio, Nutricatio, Alitu'- prepúce of theclitoris , and descend on the inner
    ra, Threpsis, from nutri're, ' to nourish . Nu- surface of the labia majora ; terminating by be.
    trition is that function , by which the nutritive coming gradually thinner, about the middle of
    matter , already elaborated by the various or- the circumference of the orifice of the vagina.
    ganic actions, loses its own nature , and assumes They are formed each of two folds of the mu
    ihat of the different living tissues, --to repair cous membrane of the vulva ; and contain , in
    their losses and support their strength . Some their substance, a thin layer of spongy, erectile
    times the word is used in a more extended sig tissue. Their use secmis to be,-not , as was
    nification , to express the whole series of actions once supposed , to direct the course of the urine,
    by which the two constant movements of com- which notion gave rise to their name, but to
    position and decomposition are accomplished, favour the elongation and dilatation of the va
    in organized bodies. Nutrition , then , would gina in pregnancy and labour.
    comprehend digestion, absorption , respiration, The word 'l'per has also been used synony
    circulation, and assimilation; the latter being mously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius , & c.
    nutrition, properly so called , and being effected
    NYMPHEA ALBA , Leuconympha'a, Nenu
    in the intermediate system over the whole of phar, Mi'croleuconympha'a, white Water Lily.
    the body ,—the tissues attracting from the blood (F.) Nenuphar blanc. Nat. Ord . Ranuncula
    the elements necessary for their reparation. ceæ . Ser. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. For
    NUTRITION, FONCE OF , Plastic force. merly employed as a demulcent, antaphrodisiac,
    NUTRI" TIOUS , Nutricius,Nutritive, ATV- emollient, and slightly anodyne reinedy.
    ilis, Trophimos, Trophodes, (F.) Nourricier, nu- NYMPHÆA INDICA, N. nelumbo - 1. Major
    tricier. Having the quality of nourishing : as lutea, N. lutea.
    nutritious food , nutritious lymph, & c . NYMPHÆA LUTEA, N. mujor lutea , Yellow
    Nutritious or NUTRITIVE ARTERIES. (F.) Water Lily. ( F. ) Nenuphar jaune. Used for
    Artères nutricières. Arterial branches , which the same purposes.
    enter the foramina nutricia of long bones , and NymPHEA NFLUM'Bo, Fala Ægyptiaca , Cy
    penetrate to the medullary membrane. amus Ægyptiacus, Nymphea In'dica ; Pontic or
    NUTRITUS, Aliment, Egyptian Bean . The fruit of this is eaten raw
    NUX AKOMATICA, see Myristica mos- tries, and isconsidered to be tonic and astrin
    chata--n . Avellana ,Corylus avellana (nut)--- ». gent.
    Barbadensis , Jatropha curcas- n . Becuiba, Ibi. NYMPIIES, Nymphæ .
    cuiba- n . Cathartica Americana, Jatropha cur- NYMPHOCLUIA , Nymphomania .
    cas-n . Gallæ , see Quercus cerris - n . Juglans,NYMPHOMA'NIA, from rugri, “ a bride,'
    Juglans regia - n. Medica,Coco of the Maldives and varia, 'fury .' Furor uteri'nus, Uteroma'
    -n. Metella , Strychnos nux vomica- n . Mos- nia , Lagne'sis furor famini'nus, Metroma'nia ,
    chata , see Myristica moschata - n . Myristica, Erotoma'nia, Æddæoma'nia , Aidoiomaʼnia ,Melan
    see Myristica moschata - n. Pistacia , see Pis- choʻlia uteri'na, Nymphoclulia, Tania, Sympto'
    tacia vera - n. Vomica , Strychnos nux vomica. ma turpitudinis, Androma'nia, Gynacoma'nia,
    NYCTALO'PIA , Parop sis Lucif'uga, Nycta- Machlos'ynē, Entelipathi'a, Tenti'yo vene'red,
    lopiasis, Ca'citas diur'na, Visus noctur'nus, Ony- Hysteroma'nia, Salac''itas rulra , Uteri pruritus,
    o'pia, Hemeralo'pia (moderns,) (9. v .) Am- Brachu'na, Aras'con , Arsa'tum , stroma'nia ,
    błyo'pia meridia'na, Photopho'bia, Photophoboph- (F.) Nymphomanie, Fureur utérine. An irre
    thalmia, Dyso'pia lu'minis, Visus acrior, (F.) sistible and insatiable desire ,in females, for the
    Vue nocturne, Arcuglement de Jour, from rus , venereal act. It occurs in those particularly,
    night,' and one touar,' I see .' The faculty of who possess a nervous temperament, and vivid
    seeing during the night, with privation of the imagination , especially if excited by improper
    faculty during theday. It affects both eyes at language, masturbation , &c . Its course, as
    once, when idiopathic. Its duration is uncer- described, is as follows. In the commencement,
    tain , and treatment very obscure. It is , how- the sufferer is a prey to perpetual contest be
    ever, a disease of nervous irritability, and one tween feelings of modesty and impetuous de .
    of excitement of the visual nerve in particular . sire . At an after period , she abandons herself
    The indications of cure will, consequently , be to the latter , seeking no longer to restrain them .
    -to allay direct irritation in every way ; to ex- In the last stage the obscenity is disgusting ;
    cite counter-irritation by blisters ; and to gradu- and the mental alienation , for such it is, becomes
    ally accustom the eye to the impression of light. complete. The treatment consists in the use
    One labouring under this affection, is called of the same means as are required in the saty
    a Nyctalope, Nyctalops, iuxtahun . riasis of man . When the mental alienation is
    NYCTHEMERON. See Dies . complete , solitude is indispensable .
    NYCTHEMERUM , from ius, night,' and NYMPHONCUS, from wuuur, the nympha,'
    (? ! epa, day . The space of 24 hours ,or of a and oyxos, ' a tumour.' A morbid tumefaction
    day and night. Certain complaints continue of the nymphæ .
    only so long NYMPHOT'OMY,Nymphoto’mia , Nymphe'.
    NYSTAGMUS 483 OBLIQUE
    rum Sectio, from ruupn , ' nympha,' and TEMVELV, they are so large as to interfere with walking
    to cut.' An operation , known and practised or coition. Nymphotomy is the circumcision of
    for a long time ; and which consists in the ex- the female . It is practised in some countries.
    cision of the nymphe . The operation is had Some authors have used the term Nymphoto
    recourse to, when they are attacked with scir- my for amputation of the clitoris .
    rhus, cand r, fungus, or gangrene ; when NYSTAGMUS , Nictation.

    0.

    OAK , BLACK , Quercus tinctoria-o. Com- ou oblique interne, is broad , especially before ;
    mon , Quercus robur - o . Jerusalem , Chenopo- thin ; and irregularly quadrilateral, like the pre
    dium botrys-- o .Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius— ceding, beneath which it is situate. It is at
    o. Poison , Rhux toxicodendron - 0 . Red , Quer- tached , above , to the inferior edge of the car
    cus rubra montana - o. Sea , Fucus vesiculosus tilages of the 5th , 4th , 3d , and 2d false ribs :
    -0. Spanish, Quercus rubra montana - o .White, below , to the anterior two -thirds of the inter
    Quercus alba . stice of the crista ilii , to the posterior part of
    OARI'TIS,Oophori'tis,Orari'tis, from varior, the spinousprocessesofthe two lastlumbar
    the ovarium ,' and itis, the termination deno . vertebræ , and to those of the two first portions
    ting inflammation. Inflammation of the ova of the sacrum ; before, to the linea alba. Its
    rium . upper fibres run obliquely upwards and for
    OATS, Avena. wards ; the middle are horizontal ; and the
    OBAUDITIO , Baryecoia. lower pass obliquely downwards and forwards.
    OBELÆA RAPHE , Sagittal suture. These last, in the male , are dragged down
    OBESITAS , Polysarcia . through the inguinal ring, when the testicle
    OBESITY , Corpulentia . descends ; and form the two fasciculi of the
    OBFUSCATIO, Anaurosis . cremaster .
    OBLA " TÆ PURGANTES. Cathartic cakes The obliquus internus resembles the 0. ex
    or lozenges made of flour, sugar and some ca- ternus in function .
    thartic drug : II . The Oblique Muscles of the Eye are two in
    OBLIQUE, Olli'quus. Any thing inclined
    - which deviates from the vertical line.
    Ana-
    : number . They are distinguished into :
    a. The OBLIQUUS SUPERIOR Oculi, Amatd .
    tomists have given this name to certain mus- rius mus'culus, Trochlea'ris, Obliquus major,
    cles, which have an oblique direction as regards Optico-trochlei scléroticien, Grand trochléateur
    the plane that divides the body into two equal (Ch .) Circumductionis op'ifer, Longissimus
    and symmetrical halves. These are :- oc'uli, (F.) Grand oblique de l'æil, O. supérieur
    1. The Oblique Muscles of the Abdomen. They de l'ail, Amoureur (Muscle,) is situate at the
    are two in number, and distinguished into : inner and upper part of the orbit. It is small ,
    a. The Obliquus Exter'sUS ABDOM'INIS, 0. round , fusiform, and reflected upon itself in the
    descen'ders externus, 0. descendens, 0. major, middle of its course. Behind, it is attached to
    Ilio-pubo-coslo -abdomi'inal, Costo-abdom'inal (Ch.) the inside of the foramen opticum ; and when
    (F.) Grand oblique , Oblique erterne. One of thé it arrives opposite the internal orbitar process ,
    broadest muscles of the body. It is situate at it becomes a small , round tendon ,which slides
    the lateral and anterior part of the abdomen ; in a cartilaginous pulley , fixed to the os frontis,
    and is flat and quadrilateral. It is attached , and is reflected, at an acute angle, to proceed
    above, to the outer surface and lower edge of downwards and outwards, and to attach itself
    the 7 or 8 last ribs : below , to the anterior third to the outer and back part of the globe of the
    of the external lip of the crista ilii : before, it ege. This muscle carries the globe of the eye
    terminates at the linea alba by means of a broad forwards and inwards ; making it experience a
    and strong aponeurosis, which covers the rec- movement of rotation, which directs the pupil
    tus, and presents, towards its inferior part, two downwards and inwards. This is conceived to
    very solid fibrous fasciculi, which are inserted : be an involuntary muscle as well as the next.
    -the one at the symphysis, the other at the In sleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the
    spine of the pubis,-—under the name of Pillars power over the straight or voluntary inuscles of
    of the Abdominal Ring. These pillars leave be- the organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to
    tween them an opening, which forms the infe- the oblique muscles, which lodge the transpa
    rior orifice of the inguinal canal. rent cornea under the upper eyelid. At the ap
    The obliquus externus abdominis depresses proach of death, the same thing is observable;
    the ribs , and carries them backwards, during a hence, the turning up of the eye , at such a
    strong expiration. It impresses on the chest a time , is not an evidence of agony or suffering,
    movement of rotation ; and bends the thorax but of insensibility .
    upon the pelvis , or vice versâ. It contracts, also, The Obliquus Interior Oculi, 0. minor
    the abdominal cavity. oculi, Maxillo -scléroticien , Petit Trochléateur
    b. The OBLIQUUS INTER'NUS ABDOMINIS , M. (Ch.) (F.) Petit oblique ou oblique inférieur de
    accli'dis, O. ascendens, 0. minor , 0. internus , o. l'æil , is situate at the anterior and inferior part
    ascendens internus, ſlio -lombo -costo abdominal, of the orbit. It is flat and attached to the inner
    llio -abdominal (Ch .) (F.) Muscle petit oblique; and anterior part of the orbitar surface of the
    1
    OBLIQL'E 484 OBTURATOR

    superior maxillary bone, on the outside of the or history of the phenomena, presented by a
    lachrymal gutter; from thence it passes out- patient in the course of a disease.
    wards and backwards, and terminates, by an OBSERVATION, Case .
    aponeurosis, at the posterior and inner part of OBSERVATION, METHOD OF Numerical method .
    the globe of the eye . It carries the globe of OBSTETRICIANS, Accoucheur.
    the eye inwards and forwards ; and directs the OBSTETÄRICS, from Obstetrix , “ a mid -wife,'
    pupil upwards and outwards. Tokoi'ogy, Tocology , Maiei'a, Mueei'a , Macia ,
    III . Oblique muscles of the head. These are Ars obstetri' cia , Obstetricy. The art of mid
    two in number. wifery.
    a . OBLIQUUS SUPERIOR Cap'rtis, 0. minor OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics .
    capitis, Trachélo -utloïdo -occipital, Atloïdo-sous- OBSTETRIX , Midwife .
    mastoäilien ( Ch .) ( F.) Muscle oblique supérieur OBSTIPATIO , Constipation - o. Tenesmus,
    ou petit oblique de la tête. This muscleis situate Tenesmus.
    at the sides of, and behind, the articulation of Obstipatio . See Hump.
    the head ; it is flat and attached , on the one OBSTIPITAS , Torticollis.
    hand, to the top of the transverse process of the OBSTRUCTIO , Emphraxis, Stegnosis-o.
    atlas ; and, on the other, terminates at the oc- Pulmonum pituitosa febrilis, Peripneumonia no
    cipital bone , beneath the interior curved line, tha.
    and sometimes, also, at the mastoid region of OBSTRUENS, from ol'struo , ' I shut up .'
    the temporal bone. It extends the head ,-in - Oppilati'ous. A medicine which closes the ori
    clining it to one side . fices of ducts or vess ' Is .
    6. The OBLIQUUS INFERIOR Capitis , Obli- OBSTUPEFACIENTIA , Narcotics.
    quus major, Spini-aroïdo-ti achéli- atloïdien ,Aroï- OBTONDANT, Obtundens.
    do-atloidien (Ch .) ( F.) Oblique inférieur on OBTUNDENS , ( F. ) Obtondant. An epithet
    grand oblique de la têté, is situate at the poste applied to remedies that were supposed, ac
    rior part of the neck and head. It is round, cording to an erroneous theory , to be possessed
    fusiform ; attached to the spinous process of of the power of blunting the acrimony of the
    the axis , and proceeds to terminate behind humours. A demulcent is one of these .
    and below the summit of the transverse pro- OBTURAMENTUM , Emphragma,
    cess of the atlas. It impresses, on the first OBTURATEUR DU PALAIS, Palate , arti
    vertebra and the head , a movement of rotation , ficial.
    which turns the face to one side . OBTURATIO , Emphraxis.
    OBLIQUE EXTERNE , Obliquus externus OBTURATOR , Obturato'rius, (F.) Obtura
    abdominis - o. Grand , Obliquus externus abdo- teur, from obtura're to close,' stop up the en
    minis - o .Grand de l'æil, Obliquus superior ocu- trance. A name given to several parts.
    11-0. Grand de la tête , Obliquus inferior capitis 1. Fora'mEN OBTURATORIUM , ( F. ) Trou sous
    -0. Inférieur de l'ail, Obliquus inferior oculi pubien, F. infra-pubia'num , Fora'men ovale, F.
    -0. Inférieur de la tête, Obliquus inferior capi- thyroïdeum, F. Thyroi'des, F. Amplum Pelvis.
    tis - o. Interne,Obliquus Internus abdominis- A large opening of an oval or triangular form ,
    0. Petit, Obliquus internus abdominis - o. Petit in the anterior part of the os innominatum , on
    de l'æil,Obliquus inferior oculi — 0. Petit de la the outside of the symphysis pubis and beneath
    tête, Obliquus superior oculi - 0. Supérieur de the horizontal ramus of the os pubis. This fora
    læil, Obliquus superior oculi -0. Supérieur de men is closed by a membranous ligament.
    la tête, Obliquus superior capitis. 2. OBTURATOR MUSCLES. These are two in
    OBLIQUITÉ DE LA MATRICE, Retrover- number. They are divided into
    sio uteri. a . ObturaTOR Exter'NUS, Ertra -pelvio -pubi
    OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS , O. internus ab- trochantérien , Sous-pubio-trochantérien externe
    dominis—. Auris, Laxator tympani— o. De- (Ch.) A muscle , situate at the anterior and
    scendens externus, O. externus abdominis - o. inner part of the thigh. It is broad , fat, and
    Major, O. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capi- triangular; and is attached,on the one hand,
    tis, 0. superior oculi - o . Minor, O. internus to the anterior surface of the os pubis , to that
    abdominis - o. Minor capitis, 0. superior capi- of the ischium , and to the anterior surface of
    tis – 0 . Minor oculi , O. inferior oculi. the obturator ligament. Its fleshy fibres con
    OBLITERATED , Oblitera'tus; from oblite. verge to the tendon, which proceeds to be in .
    ra're, ' to efface letters.' A vessel or duct is serted at the inferior part of the cavity of the
    said to be obliterated, when its parietes have great trochanter. This muscle rotates the thigh
    approximated and contracted such adhesion to outwards.
    each other that the cavity has completely dis- b . The ObturaTOR INTERNUS , Marsupia'lis,
    appeared . Bursa'lis, Intra-pelrio-trochantérien,
    OBLIVIO , Amnesia-o . Iners, Lethargy . trochantérien interne (Ch.) is seated, Sous-pubio
    almost en
    OB’OLUS, oßodos, a weightof 9 or 10 grains. tirely , in the pelvis. “It arises from the inner
    -Galen . surface of the obturator ligament, and from the
    OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Ca- posterior part of the circumference of the ob
    ligo . turator foramen, and is inserted , by means of a
    OBSERVATION, Observatio, Tere'sis, Sym- strong tendon, running between the two por
    paratere'sis. Act of examining a thing, by tions of the gemini, into the cavity at the root
    means of the external senses . This word is em- of the great trochanter ; after having turned
    ployed in several acceptations. It expresses , upon the ischium , which forms for it a kind of
    i . The action of observing - 2. The aggregate pulley. This muscle also rotates the thigh out
    of knowledge, afforded by observation. In wards .
    French --but not in English-it means the case 3. The OBTURATOR Artery, Sous-pubio-fé
    OCCIPITAL 435 OCCIPITO.FRONTALIS

    morale (Ch .) Arteria obturatoria, A. obturatric, of the straight sinus, and on each side, the occi
    ( F. ) Arière obturatrice, arises , inost commonly, pital fosse distinguished into superior or cere
    from the hypogastric. ' It is , however, frequent- bral, and inferior or cerebellous, and separated
    ly given off from the epigastric; a matter of by a groove which lodges the lateral sinus. 3.
    importance to be determined in cases of femo- The surfaces of the occipital bone are separated
    ral hernia . Of 500 obturator arteries examined by four ridges and four angles. Thetwosuperior
    by Mr. J. Cloquet, 348 were furnished by the edges are articulated with the parietal bones ;
    hypogastric, and 152 by the epigastric or crural . the two lower join the temporal; and the ante
    When it arises from the hypogastric, it passes rior angle , under the name basilary process, is
    forwards and outwards , and then turns horizon- united to the sphenoid .
    tally into the cavity of the pelvis, to issue from The occipital bone is developed from four
    this cavity by the opening left at the upper part points of ossification ; and sometimes from a
    of the obturator membrane. When , on the greater number .
    contrary , the obturator artery arises from the 2. Occipital Muscle , Occipitalis. Many
    epigastric or the crural , it descends obliquely anatomists have given this naine to the poste
    inwards , behind the os pubis, to the obturator rior fasciculus of the Occipito -frontalis , (9. v .)
    foramen. At its exit from the pelvis , the arte- 3. Occipital ARTERY . This arises from the
    ry divides into two branches, a posterior and an posterior part of the external carotid, beneath
    anterior, which are distributed to the muscles of the parotid . It proceeds backwards, passes
    the anterior and superior part of the thigh . between the mastoid process and the transverse
    4. The OBTURATOR VEin has , ordinarily, the process of the atlas ; reaches the occipital bone
    same arrangement as the artery . It is common , and divides into two branches, which may be
    however , to find it arising from the epigastric ; called ascending posterior and anterior, and
    whilst the corresponding artery proceeds from are distributed to the neighbouring muscles and
    the hypogastric , and vice versa . ligaments .
    5. The Obturator NERVE , Sous-pubio.fémo- 4. The OCCIPITAL Vein . Its roots follow
    ral (Ch.) proceeds principally from the 2d and exactly the course of the branches of the
    3d lumbar nerves. It descends into the pelvis ; artery, and unite into a single trunk , which
    gains the obturator foramen ; gives branches to opens into the internal jugular vein, and some
    the obturator muscles, and divides, behind the times into the external .
    adductor primus and pectinalis, into two 5. Occipital NERVE, Sub-occipital nerve,
    branches; one anterior, whose branches are Première paire trachélienne, ( Ch . ,) (F. ) Nerf
    distributed to the first two adductors , gracilis , occipital ou sous-occipital. It arises from the
    and integuments ; the other, posterior, distri . upper part of the spinalmarrow by eight or ten
    buting its ramifications to the obturator exter- filaments, united in two fasciculi. Thus formed,
    nus and third adductor . it passes between the foramen magnum and the
    6. The OBTURATOR LIGAMENT or MEMBRANE posterior arch of the atlas ; and, at this place ,
    is a fibrous membrane, fixed to the whole cir- forms a long ganglion, afterwards dividing into
    cumference of the obturator foranien, excepttwo branches. Of these, the anterior, which
    above, where an opening remains for the pas- is long and small, makes a turn above the
    sage of the vessels and nerves of the same name. transverse process of the atlas, and forms an
    OBVOLVENTIA , Demulcents . anastomotic noose with a branch of the second
    OCCIPITAL, Occipita'lis. That which be- cervical nerve. The posterior branch , larger
    longs to the occiput. and shorter , divides into seven or eight branches,
    1. The Occipital Bone, Os occipitis seu which are distributed to the muscles of the
    occipitii seu occipita'lē, Os sphæno -basila'rē, 0s upper and back part of the neck .
    memo'riæ, Os nervo'sum , Os basila'rē, Os prore, OCCIPITIUM , Occiput.
    Os pyr'idis , seu sextum cranii, seu lambdoi'des, OCCIPITO -ATLOID ,Occipito -atloideus, (F. )
    seu lambda, seu lauda, seu puppis, seu nerro'- Occipito-atlordien . That which has reference
    sum , seu fibro'sum , seu pelvicephalicum ,(F.)Os to the occiput and atlas .
    occipital, is situate at the posterior and inferior The Occipito -ATLOID ARTICULATION is the
    part of the cranium , which it assists in forming articulation of the condyles of the occipital
    It is flat, symmetrical, and curved upon itself. bone with the superior articular cavities of the
    It presents , 1. an occipital or posterior surface, atlas. It is strengthened by two ligaments :
    which is convex , and has , upon the median the one anterior, the other posterior, called
    line, the basilary surface , the foramen magnum , occipito-atloid ligaments ; the one extends from
    through which passes the spinal marrow with the anterior, the other from the posterior, arch
    its membranes and vessels ;-the external occi- of the atlas, to the corresponding portion of
    pital crest , the external occipital protuberance ; the circumference of the foramen magnum.
    and , at the sides , the upper curved line , large OCCIPITO -AXOID , Occipito-aroideus, (F.)
    rough arched ridge or transverse arch or linea Occipito -aroidien. That which relates to the
    semicircularis, the lower curred line, the poste- occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra.
    rior condyloid fosse ,the condyles for the articula- The OcciPiTO - AXOID ARTICULATION is the
    tion of this bone with the atlas ; and the anterior connexion of the occipital bone with the axis
    condyloid fossæ , pierced by a foramen for the or second vertebra, although these bones are
    passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A cere- not really articulated, but are merely retained
    bral or anterior surface. On the median line in apposition by three strong ligaments; the
    are :-the basilary fossæ , the inner orifice of the posterior of which is called the occipito-aroid,
    foramen magnum , the internal occipital crest, and the two others odontoid .
    the internal occipital protuberance, the cruciform OCCIPITO -FRONTA’LIS, Digas'tricus cra
    spine ; a channel, which lodges the termination nii, Epicra'nius, Fronta'lis et occipitalis. The
    OCCIPITO- MENINGEAL 486 ODONTOID

    majority of anatomists call, by this name, the who occupies himself, chiefly, with the ma
    whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial nagement of diseases of the eyes.
    or coronal aponeurosis , (see Calotte ,) which OCULISTIQUE , Ophthalmology .
    covers the head from the occiput to the fore- OCULO -MUSCULAR NERVES , COM
    head . It is attached, by its posterior fascicu- MON , Motores oculorum .
    lus, to the two outer thirds of the upper curved OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS, Rectus in
    line of the occipital bone , and to the outer sur- ternus oculi - o. Movens quartus, Rectus infe
    face of the mastoid portion of the temporal ; rior oculi - o. Movens secundus, Rectus exter
    and, by its anterior fasciculus, it terminates at nus oculi - o . Movens tertius, Rectus superior
    the eyebrow , where it becomes confounded oculi.
    with the superciliaris , pyramidalis nasi, and OCULUS , Eye-0. Bovinus, Hydrophthal
    orbicularis palpebrarum. mia_o . Bovis , Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
    The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of o. Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia — o. Cæsius, Glau
    its anterior fasciculus, draws forwards a part of coma - o. Duplex, Binoculus- o. Elephantinus,
    the integuments of the cranium . It wrinkles Hydrophthalmia — o . Genu, Patella - o. Lach
    the skin of the forehead transversely, and may , rymans, Epiphora - o. Purulentus, Hypopyon
    also, contribute to open the eye by its decussa. 0. Simplex, see Monoculus — o. Typhonis , Scilla,
    tion with the orbicularis palpebrarum . The OCYTOCIC , Oxytocic ; from o& vç, quick ,'
    posterior fasciculus of the muscle draws back, and toxos, ' labour. ' Any thing that expedites
    wards a part of the skin of the cranium and parturition.
    assists in stretching the common aponeurosis. ODAXIS'MUS, from odovş, ' a tooth . The
    OCCIPITO-MENINGEAL. That which be- painful itching of the gums, which precedes
    longs to the occipital bone, and to themeninge the appearance of the teeth. Dentition, ( q. v.)
    or dura mater. ODIN, Pains , (labour . )
    The OcciPITO-MENINGEAL ARTERY , in Chaus ODME, Odour .
    ODONTAGOGON , Dentagra .
    sier's nomenclature, is a branch of the verte
    bral , given off to the dura mater at its entrance ODON’TAGRA , from odous, ' a tooth ,' and
    into the cranium . aypa , ' a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty pain
    OC'CIPUT , Inion , irior, Opisthocranium, in the teeth. Dentagra, (q. v .)
    Opisthoceph'alon, Prora, Occipi'tium . The back ODONTAL'GIA , from odous , ' a tooth ,' and
    part of the head, formed by the occipital bone. anyos, pain .' Odon'tia , Den'tium dolor, Tooth
    OCCLUSION, Occlusio, Myce, from occlu ' ache, Odon'tia doloro'su , (F.) Douleur des dents,
    dere, ' to shut up. Sometimes this word sig. Flurion sur les dents, Mal de dent , Mal d'amour.
    nifies, simply , the transient approximation of A disease ,dependent upon a variety of causes
    the edges of a natural opening - the occlusion affecting the cavity of the tooth ; but generally
    of the eyelids, for example ; at others, it is sy- owing to caries, which exposes the cavity to
    nonymous with imperforation, as occlusion of the action of the air, and to extraneous matters
    the pupil,vagina ,, &c. in general .
    OCHEMĂ , Vehicle. Hence , the treatment consists in plugging
    OCHETEUMATA , Narez . the caries, or destroying the sensibility of the
    OCHETOS , Canal . nerve , by powerful stimulants ; and, if these
    OCHEUS, Scrotum . means fail, in extracting the tooth .
    OCHREA , Sbin - o . Rubra , Hæmatites. ODONTALGIA CARIOSA , Dental gangrene
    OCHROMA , Paleness . o. Dentitionis, Dentition -0 . Hæmodia , Hæmo
    OCHROPYRA , Fever, yellow. dia-o . Remitiens et intermittens, Neuralgia in
    OCHROTES, Paleness. fra- orbitaria .
    OCHTHODES , Callous . ODONTALGIC , Antiodontalgic.
    OC'IMUM BASIL'ICUM , Basilicum , Be ODONTIA , Odontalgia.
    ren ' daros, Basilicum majus , B.citra'tum , Com ODONTIA DEFOR'NIS . Deformity of the
    mon or Citron basil, ( F.) Basilic commun. Nat. teeth, from error of shape, position , or number.
    Ord. Labiatæ . Ser. Syst. Didynamia Gym- -Good.
    nospermia . This herb
    It ishas
    and aromatic taste . useda asfragrant odour ODONTIA
    a condiment,tition,
    DENTITIONIS LACTANTIUM , see Den
    (first)-0. Dentitionis puerilis, see Den
    and has been supposed to possess nervine pro tition, (second ) -0. Edentula, see Nefrendes
    perties 0. Excrescens, Epulis - o. Stuporis , Hæmodia .
    Ocimum CaryoPHYLLA'TUM , 0. min'imum , ODONTIASIS, Dentition .
    Small or Bush basil. Possesses properties simi ODONTIC , Anti-odontalgic.
    lar to the former. It is sometimes used as snuff. ODONTOGLYPHON , Gum lancet.
    OCTA'NA, Hebdomada'riu , from octo , eight.' ODONTCGLYPHUM , Dentiscalpium .
    A fever, whose paroxysms recur every week . ODON'TOID, Odontoi'des, Dentiformis, Den
    supposititious The
    A OCTA'RIUS. ta'lis, Dentoideus , Pyrenoi'des, from odou's, ' a
    case . eighth part of a wine- tooth ,' and eidos, shape ,'' resemblance. This
    gallon. It contains sixteen fluid ounces. Ph . L. epithet is given to the Processus dentatus of the
    OCTUNX . A weight of eight ounces . second vertebra or axis , (q . v . )
    The Odontoid
    OCULARES COMMUNES , Motores ocu- odontoidiens LiG'AMENTS , (F.) Ligaments
    , are two strong and short conical
    lorum . fasciculi, whose truncated summits embrace
    OCULARIA , Euphrasia officinalis. the sides of the odontoid process , and whose
    OCULI PALPEBRARUM SCABIES bases are fixed in the fossæ at the inner side of
    PRURIGINOSA , Ophthalmia tarsi. the condyles of the occipital bone . Their di
    OCULIST, Oculista, Ophthalmia'ter. One rection is obliquely outwards and slightly up
    ODONTOLITHOS 487 @SOPHAGORRHAGIA

    wards. They enter into the composition of the râle crepitant, particularly at the base and infe
    occipito -axoid articulation; strengthen the junc. rior part of the lungs. The sound on percus
    tion of the head with the vertebral column , and sion is clear , and on both sides equally so. The
    limit the movement of rotation of the atlas on cough is attended with aqueous expectoration .
    the axis, In some cases, the respiration becomes puerile
    ODONTOLITHOS, from odovş, " a tooth ,' in a small portion of the summit of the lang.
    and 21905, ' a stone .' A sort of incrustation , of EDEMA PUERPERARUM , Phlegmatia dolens
    a yellowish colour, which forms atthe base of a. Spasticum , Anathy miasis - e . U vulæ , Sta.
    the teeth , and is called Tartar, Tartarus Den- phylædema.
    tium. It consists of seventy -nine parts of phos- (EDÈME ACTIF DES NOUVELLES AC
    phate of lime; twelve and a half of mucus; COUCHÉES, Phlegmatia dolens — Q . de la
    one of a particular salivary matter, and seven Glotte, Angina edematosa.
    and a half of an animal substance, soluble in (EDEMOSAR'CA. A species of tumour,
    muriatic acid . mentioned by M. A. Severinus , which holds a
    ODONTOL'OGY, Odontolo'gin , from odovş, niiddle place between ædema and sarcoma.
    a tooth ,' and ioyos,' a discourse. An anato. CEIL , Eye -æ . de Bauf , Anthemis tinctoria
    mical treatise of the teeth . -æ. Double, Binoculus--e de Lièvre, Lagoph
    ODONTOPHYIA , Dentition . thalmus -æ. Simple , see Monoculus.
    ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice. CEILLET GIROFLLE, Dianthus caryophyl
    ODONTOTECHNY, Dentistry. lus .
    ODONTOTRIMMA , Dentifrice. @ NAN'THÈ , E. croca'ta , (E. charophyl’li
    ODORAT, Olfaction. foliis, E. cicu'tæ facie lobelli, Ilemlock drop
    ODORATUS, Olfaction - o . Deperditus , wort. Nat. Ord. Uinbelliferæ. Sex. Syst. Pen
    Anosmia . tandria Digynia. A violent poison of the acro
    ODOS, Way . narcotic class . Its juice has been recominended
    O'DOUR , "Odor, Odmē, Osme. A smell. in certain cutaneous diseases ; but it is scarcely
    Odours are subtle particles,constantly escaping ever used. It is employed in fomentations.
    from the surface of certain bodies . They act, ENELÆ'ON , onthatov, from ovos, ' wine ,'
    in somemanner, by actual contact on the nerves and flacor, oil . ' ' A mixture of oil and wine.
    of the Schneiderian membrane, and give occa- Galen.
    sion to the sense of smell or Olfaction, (q. v.) (ENOG'ALA , Ouroyaaa, from ovos, ' wine,'
    ODOUS , Tooth . and yaha, milk ,' — a mixture of wine and
    OD'YNĖ
    ma .
    , odurn, pain,'(q. v.) Dolor, Odyne'- milk . According to some, wine ag warm as
    A very common suffix to words ; as in new milk .
    Pleurodyne. CENOG'ARON , Garum dino mistum . Wine
    ODYNEMA , Odyne. mixed with garum .-Aetius.
    ECONOMIA , Économy - æ . Animalis, Phy- CENOMANIA , Delirium tremens .
    siology. ENOS , Wine.
    EDEMA , from ordea , “ I am swollen . ' IIy- CENOSTAGMA , Spiritus vini rectificatus.
    drops cellula 'ris ar'tuum , Phlegma'tia. Swell. CENOTHE'RA BIENNIS , E. Mollissima,
    ing produced by the accumulation of a serous Evening Primrose, Scabish. An indigenous
    fluid in the interstices of the cellular texture. plant, common on the borders of fields, and in
    This swelling is soft ; yields under the finger ; natural hedges. Octandria Monogynia, ( Linn.)
    preserves the impression for some time, and is Its properties are mucilaginous and slightly
    pale and without pain . It presents the same acrid. A decoction has been used in cases of
    characters as anasarca ,which is general ædema . infantile eruptions.
    Its etiology and treatment are also the same. CESOPHAGE'AL, (Esophage'us, ( F. ) Eso
    See Anasarca .
    phagien. Relating or belonging to the æso
    Edema , Compact , Induration of the cellu -phagus .
    lar tissue-æ. Fugax, Anathymiasis —æ. Hys- CËSOPHAGE'AL MUSCLE , Esophagaus. Some
    tericum , Anathymiasis. anatomists have given this name to the trans
    EDEMA OF THE Glottis . A disease con- verse muscular fibres, which surround the æso
    sisting of serous or sero- purulent infiltration phagus at its upper extremity.
    into the submucous tissue of the glottis . The SOPHAGEAL APERTURE OF THE Di'A .
    symptoms resemble those of croup ; but the PHRAGM, ( F. ) Outerture esophagienne du dia
    disease attacks the adult rather than the child .phragmé. An opening in the diaphragm, for
    The age is , indeed , a principal means of diag. the passage of the æsophagus.
    nosis between the two affections . EsOPHAGEAL APERTURE OF THE STOMACH .
    The disease is almost always fatal. The A name, given to the superior or cardiac orifice
    treatment has to vary according to the accom- of the stomach, to distinguish it from the infe .
    panying general symptoms. rior or pyloric .
    CEDEMA LACTEUM , Phlegmatia dolens. (ESOPHAGIEN ( muscle,) Constrictor æso
    EDEMA OF THE Lungs, (F.) Edème du pou- phagi.
    топ . Laënnec has so called the infiltration of ESOPHAGISMUS. A name given by Vo.
    serum into the tissue of the lung, carried to gel to spasm of the @sophagus. By some,
    such an extent as to diminish its permeability used synonymously with æsophagitis , dyspha
    to air. It is not an uncommon sequela of pneu- gia, and contraction of the esophagus.
    monia , and the major exanthemata . CSOPHAGI'TIS . Inflammation of the æso
    The respiration is laborious ; the respiratory phagus.-- Angina asophugæa Cynanche æso
    murmur scarcely perceptible, although the tho- phagea , ( q . v .).
    rax is largely expanded, and there is a slight | ESOPHAGORRHAGIA , Hæmatemesis.
    CSOPHAGOTOMY 488 OINTMENT

    (ESOPHAGOTOMY, (Esophagoto'mia , OIGNON , Allium cepa.


    from ouooqayoș , ' the æsophagus ,' and TouVELY , OIL , Oleum , Ela'on, ( F. ) Huile ; from clara ,
    * to cut.' ' An incision made into the @ sopha- . the olive . ' A collective name, under which
    gus for the purpose of extracting foreign bodies two classes of Auids are included, very differ.
    from it. ent from each other: those, belonging to the
    CSOPH'AGUS, from ouw , ' I carry , ' and one class, are viscid ; mawkish or almost in
    qayo , Teat ; ' Gula , Fis'tula ciba'lis, Via stom'- sipid : those of the other are nearly devoid of
    achi et rentris, Fis'tula vel Infundib'ulum Ven . viscidity , and are caustic and very volatile.
    tric'uli. The Gullet. A musculo -membranous The former are called fat or fixed oils ; the lat
    canal, cylindrical,and depressed from before to ter rolatile or essential oils ,or essences, (q. v.)
    behind, which extends from the inferior ex- OIL OF ALMONDS , Oleum amygdalarum - o.
    tremity of the pharynx to the upper orifice of Animal , Oleum animale-0. Animal , of Dippel,
    the stomach. At its origin , it is situate in the Oleum animale Dippelii - o. of Bay, Daphne
    median line ; but, beneath the larynx , it de- læon - o. of Bays, Oleum laurinum-o. and
    viates to the left, and in the chest experiences Beeswax, Unguentum ceræ - o . of Benjamin or
    different inflections. In its cervical portion , it benzoin , Oleum benzoini-o. Benne , see Sesa
    corresponds, behind, with the spine; before, mum orientale .
    with the larynx and trachea; and , at the sides , Oil , British . An empirical preparation ,
    it is close to the primitive carotids , internal often used in cases of sprains.
    jugular veins, par vagum , recurrent nerves, & c . A committee of the Philadelphia College of
    În its inferior or thoracic portion , the æsopha Pharmacy recommend the following form for
    gus is entirely contained in the posterior medi- its preparation : ( Ol. Terebinth . 01. Lini usita
    astinum ; and enters the abdomen through the tiss. aa f. zviij, Ol. Succini, Ol. Juniper. aa f.
    æsophageal aperture of the diaphragm . ziv , Petrol. Burbudens. f. ziij , Petrol. Ameri
    The æsophagus is composed of a very strong can. (Seneca Oil) f.Zj. M.)
    muscular layer , sometimes called Tunica vagi- Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao - o. of the
    nalis gule ; formed, itself, of two sets of fibres, Cashew nut, see Anacardium occidentale - o .
    the external being generally longitudinal , the Codliver, O. Jecinoris aselli - o . of Cypress,
    internal transverse or annular. 2. Of a inu : Cyprinum oleum - 0 . of Dill, see Anethum gra
    cous membrane which is soft, fine, thin, and veolens -- o. Dippel's, Oleum animale Dippelii- .
    white, especially at its lower part . It is con . o . of Egg, see Ovum — o. Ethereal , Oleum Æthe
    tinuous, above, with the mucous membrane of reum - o. Krumholz, see Pinus mughos - o. Lily,
    the pharynx. The mucous follicles, found be- see Lilium candidum - o. of Mucilages, Oleum
    neath it, are notnumerous, and have been called e. mucilaginibus ~ 0 . of Nicodemus, Nicodemi
    (Esophageal glands. oleum - o . Olive , Oleum olivæ-o. of Pike ,
    The arteries of the æsophagus proceed , in the Oleum lucii piscis-o . Rock , Petrolæum-0. of
    neck , from the thyroid ; in the chest, from the Rue, Peganelæon-o. Distilled , see Ruta - o. of
    bronchial arteries and directly from the aorta ;- Spike, Oleum terebinthinæ -- 0. of St. John's
    in the abdomen , from the inferior phrenic and Wort, see Hypericum perforatum-o. Salad,
    coronaria ventriculi. Its veins empty them- Oleum olivæ - o. of Scorpion , see Scorpion-o .
    selves into the inferior thyroid, the vena cava Sulphuretted, Balsamum sulphuris simplex - 0 .
    superior, the internal mammary, azygos, bron . of Tartar, Liquor potassæ subcarbonatis- o. of
    chial , phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. Its Turpentine, rectified, Oleum terebinthinæ rec
    lymphatics pass into the ganglia surrounding tificatum - o. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid-o. of
    it. Its nerves are afforded by the pharyngeal Wine, oleum æthereum .
    and pulmonary plexuses ; by the cardiac nerves ; Oils, ANIMAL , Olea animalia - 0. Distilled,
    the thoracic ganglia, and, especially , by the Olea volatilia - o. Empyreumatic , Olea empy
    pneumogastric and their recurrent branches. reumatica - o Essential, Olea volatilia - o. Ethe
    ESTROMANIA , Nymphomania. real , Olea volatilia-o. Expressed , Olea fixa - o .
    ESTRUM , Clitoris. Fatty , Olea fixa - o. Fixed , Olea fixa - o . Fuga
    ESTRUM VEN'ERIS , Estrum tene'reum , cious, Olea fugacia - o. Grain, Sesamum orien
    Estrus rene'reus; from outpos, æstrus, ' a violent tale-0 . Medicinal, Olea medicinalia-o. Vola
    impulse or desire.' An immoderate desire for tile, Olea volatilia.
    sexual intercourse . With some, æstrum signi. OINTMENT OF TARTARIZED ANTI
    fies Clitoris . MONY , Unguentum antimonii tartarizati - 0 .
    EUFS, Ova. Bay, Unguentum laurinum - o. Blister , Cerate
    OFFICINA , Pharmacopolium . of cantharides - o. Blistering, green , Unguen
    OFFIC " INAL, Officina'lis, from offici'na, ' a tum lytte medicatum — o. Blistering, milder,
    shop . An epithet for medicines found in the Unguentum lyttæ - o. Blistering , yellow , Un
    shop of the apothecary, ready prepared ; in op. guentum lyttæ medicatum aliud-o. Blue, Un .
    position to magistral or eateniporaneous;—those guentum hydrargyri - o. Citrine, Unguentum
    prepared after the prescription of the physician . hydrargyri nitratis - o. Cyrillo's, Unguentum
    OFFIUM , Affion , Opium . muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medicatus -- o.
    OFFUSCATIO , Amaurosis . Digestive, simple, Unguentum digestivum sim
    OGNON , a Corn . plex - o. Edinburgh, see Unguentum veratri
    OGNON MARIN , Scilla . 0. Elder , Unguentum sambuci - o. of Elemi,
    O'HIO, MINERAL WATERS OF. Yellow Unguentum elemi compositum -- o. for the Eyes,
    Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Green county , ( Smellome's,) see Ceratum resina - o. Golden ,
    64 miles from Cincinnati. It is sometimes fre- Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi- o . Gou
    quented . lardi, Ceratum plumbi compositum - o . Green ,
    OIE , Sorbus domestica. Unguentum sambuci - o. Hellebore , white, Un
    OLD AGE 489 OLEAMEN

    guentum veratri-0. of Hydriodate of potass, from its trunk,which is employed as a perfume


    Unguentum potassæ hydriodatis - o . Itch , Un- by the Neapolitans .
    guentum sulphuris compositum - o. Itch , Bate- A gum flows from certain wild olives , in
    man's, see Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum warm countries, which consists, according to
    ad scabiem - o . Itch, Bailey's , see Unguentum Pelletier, of a resin , a little benzoic acid , and a
    sulphuratum ad scabiem - o. Itch, Helinerick's, peculiar substance,called Olivile. It is in yel.
    Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem low masses, of a slightly acrid taste, and of a
    -0 . Issue , Dr. Physick's, see Unguentum lyt. vanilla smell. It is called Oleæ gummi, O.
    tæ medicatum aliud-o. of Lydia , Bacaris - o. resi'na, and 0. bals'amum , (F.) Gomme olivier,)
    Marshmallow , Unguentum de Althæa - o. Mer- and is esteemed astringent and detersive.
    curial , Unguentum hydrargyri—o . of Nitrate of OLEA FIXA VEL Pin'guia , Express'ed oils,
    mercury, Ungentum hydrargyri nitratis - o. of Fixed oils, Fattyoils, (F.) Huiles fices ou grasses.
    Nitrous acid, Unguentum acidi nitrosi - o . of All the oils obtained from the seeds or peri
    White oxide of lead, Unguentum oxidi plumbi carps of vegetables, without distillation, and
    albi- o. of Gray Oxide of mercury, Unguen. which are viscid , but slightly odorous and
    tum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum - o. of Nitric sapid ; lighter than water, and insoluble in
    oxyd of mercury ,Ūnguentum hydrargyri nitri- alcohol. The rancidity of oils depends on the
    co -oxydi - o. of Impure oxide of zinc,Unguen-absorption of oxygen, and, therefore, they
    tum oxidizinci impuri-o . Red precipitate , Un- should be kept in bulk asmuch as possible ; and
    guentum hydrargyri nitrico -oxydi -- o. of White in narrow -necked bottles , so that a very small
    precipitate, Unguentum hydrargyri præcipitati surface only can be exposed to the air. All the
    albi - o . Resin , Ceratum resinæ flavu - o. Resin, fixed oils are emollient, and , in a certain dose ,
    black, Unguentum resinæ nigræ -- o. Soldier's, they act as purgatives and emetics . They are
    Martiatum unguentum-o . of Spanish flies, prepared by expressing the fruit or seed con
    Cerate of Cantharides, Unguentum lyttæ -- o. taining them .
    Spermaceti, Unguentum cetacei - o . of Suba- OLEA Fuga'cia , Fuga'cious oils, (F. ) Huiles
    cetate of copper, Unguentum subacetatis cupri fugaces. A name given to oils which are so
    -0. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum plumbi su. volatile that, in order to obtain them , recourse
    peracetatis - o. Sulphur, Unguentum sulphuris must be had to a different process from that
    -0. Sulphur, compound, Unguentum sulphuris employed for other essentialoils. Such are the
    compositum-o. 'Tar, Unguentum picis liquidæ oils of jessamine,lily , violet, &c.
    -0. Tutty , Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri - o. OLEA Medicina’lia, Medicinal oils, ( F. )
    Verdigris, Unguentum subacetatis cupri-o . Huiles Medicinales. A name given to oils, pre
    Wax, Unguentum cere - o . White . Unguen- pared by macerating, infusing, or boiling me.
    tum oxidi plumbi albiếo. Zinc , Unguentum dicinal substances in olive or any other fixed
    zinci . oil. These oils may then be regarded as oily
    OLD AGE , Senectus. solutions of certain medicinal substances;
    OLEA ANIMA'LIA , Animal oils, (F.) Huiles whence they can never be simple. They have,
    animales. A name given to fixed oils , holding however, been divided into simple and com
    in solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous pound medicinal oils. To the former belong
    principles ofcertain animals, as the Oil of frogs, the Oils of St. John's wort, of the Solanum
    Oil of Scorpions, Oil of spiders, & c . Sometimes, nigrum , & c.; to the other, --which have often
    also, the term animal oils is given to empyreu- been called Oily balsams, ( F. ) Baumes huileux,
    matic oils, produced during the decomposition --the Balsuwns of Fioraventi, Metz, &c.
    of animal substances by heat. Medicinal oils are , almost always, employed
    OLEA EMPYREUMAT'CA, Empyreumatic oils, externally.
    ( F. ) Huiles empyreumatiques. Oils which have OLEA VOLATIL'IA, Volatile oils, Æthero'lea,
    an empyreumatic or burnt smell. They are Ethe’real oils, Essen'tial oils, Distilled oils,
    obtained by treating vegetable or animal mat. Es sences, ( F.) Huiles volatiles, H. essentielles.
    ters by heat, in close vessels. They do not Oils, found in aromatic vegetables and in every
    exist in organized bodies, but are formed during part of them , except in the interior of the seeds.
    their decomposition by fire. The animal oil of The majority are obtained by distillation ; but
    Dippel is an enspyreumatic oil, some by expression. They possess unctuosity,
    OLEA EUROPÆ'a , Oli'va , Olea sati'ra. The inflammability, and viscidity, like the fixed oils ;
    Olive tree, shara, Ela'a, (F.) Olivier, ( Fruit) but they are generally odoriferous, pungent,
    Olive. Nat. Ord. Jasmineæ. Ser. Syst. Dian- and acrid. The greater part are lighter than
    dria Monogynia. The fruit of the olive tree , water ; but some are heavier, and congeal
    when pickled, is extremely grateful to some at a moderate temperature . They dissolve,
    stomachs. Olives, as met with in the shops , in small quantity, in distilled water, by, sim.
    are prepared from the green, unripe fruit, re- ple agitation. Almost all are soluble in al
    peatedly steeped in water. To this,some quick- cohol.
    lime or alkaline salt is added , and afterwards, The odour and taste are the usual tests of
    they are washed and preserved in a pickle of their goodness . To preserve them , they should
    common salt and water. From this fruit is be kept in a cool place , in small bottles quite
    prepared the Olive oil or Salad oil of the Phar. full and well corked.
    macopeias, which is obtained by grinding and Volatile oils are possessed of the aromatic
    pressing the olives, when thoroughly ripe . properties of the plant whence they are ob
    The finer and purer oil issues first by gentle tained. They are all,when applied externally,
    pressure ,and the inferior sorts on heating what stimulant and rubefacient.
    is left and pressing it more strongly. See Oleum OLEAʼMEN , Oleamen'tum . Ang soft oint
    Olivæ. In Calabria, an odorous resin exudes ment prepared of oil. - Scribonius.
    62
    OLEANDER 490 OLEUM
    P
    OLEANDER , Rhododendron chrysanthe- Balaninum , Guilandina moringa (oleum ) -0. F
    mum. Balsami, see Ainyris opobalsamurn . P
    OLEC'RANON , or OLECRA'NON , Olecra OLEUM BENZO'Ini, Oil of Benzoin or Ben
    num ; from whern, - the elbow ,' and zoaror ,' the jamin . An oil obtained by heating, in a sand 1
    head ,' Acrole'nion , Additamen'tum neca'tum , An- bath , the matter which remains, after benzoic 民
    con , Proces'sus anconeus, Glans seu Coro'na seu acid has been separated from benzoin by the aid
    Coro'ne posterior , seu Additanientum uncatum of heat. It has been regarded as balsamic and R
    Ulnæ, Vertex Cu'biti, Patella fixa , Top of the sudorific.
    cubit. Head or projection of the elbow. A large OLEUM CACAO SpissatUM, Butter of cacao
    process at the upper extremity of the ulna, on o. Cajaputi , Caieput (oil) -o. Camphoratum , Li
    which we lean. When this process is fractured , nimentum camphora - o.Carui,Carum (oleum .)
    it is apt to be drawn up by the triceps ; and much OLEUBI CED'RINUM, Essen'lia de cedro, ( F. )
    care is required to keep the parts in apposition. Huile de cédrut . The oil of the peel of citrons,
    OLENĖ , Ulna. obtained in a particular manner, without distil
    OLEO -CERATUM AQUÂ SUBACTUM , lation, in Italy.
    Ceratum Galeni. OLEUM CICINUM, see Ricinum communismo. CO
    OLEO -SACCHARUM , Elæo- saccharum . Cornu cervi, O. animale Dippelii-o . Fixum
    OLETTE , MINERAL WATERS OF. At nucum cocos butyraceæ, see Cocos butyracea
    Olette , in the department Pyrenées Orientales, o. Gabianum , Peirolæum- 0. Gallinæ , Alkale tot

    is a thermal spring, which raises the thermo- o. OLEUM


    Hyperici,JECINO'xis
    see Hypericum perforatum,
    meter to 190 ° Fahr. It is the hottest in France . AsELLI, O. Morrhuæ , 0.
    OLEUM, Oil - 0 . Abietis , sce Pinus picea- Jecoris Aselli, Codliver Oit, ( F. ) Huile de morue.
    -0. Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium , (oil of) - The animal oil , which appears under this name
    0. Acusticum , Huile acoustique. in commerce , is obtained from several of the
    OLEUM ÆTHE'REUM, Æthereal oil, ( formed species belonging to the genus Gadus. The CE
    in the distillation of ether ,) Oleum vini , Oil of clearest sorts are generally used. It appears to
    wine, ( F. ) Huile douce de vin. It is used only have no sensible effects upon the economy ; but
    as an ingredient in the compound spirit of ether. it has been given in strumous affections, rheu is

    OLEUM AMMONIATUM , Linimentum ammoniæ matism , chronic cutaneous diseases and tumours face
    fortius. of the mamme. The dose for an adult is from
    OLEUM AMYGDALA'RUM , Oleum amyg'dala zijOLEUM ,
    to ZissJUNIPERI, see Juniperus communis
    commu'nis, Oil of almonds, ( F.) Huile d'amandes.
    ( Enpressed from both sweet and bitter almonds ; o . de Kervâ, see Ricinus communis - o. Kervi
    Žxvj of almonds yield zv of oil . ) It is inodo- num , see Ricinus communis .
    rous, insipid, and of a pale straw.colour , and is OLEUM LAURI'NUM, Oleum lauri, Oil of bays.
    employed as a demulcent and emollient . An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes
    OLEUM ANACARDII, see Anacardium occiden . used in sprains and bruises, unattended with tus
    tale. inflammation .
    OLEUM ANIMa'l.E , An'imal oil,(F.) Huile ani. OLEUM LAURINUM , Daphnelæon , Unguentum
    male . An oil , obtained by the decomposition L.- 0. Lentiscinum , Schinelæon - o. Limonis, oll
    of the immediate principles of animals, subject see Citrus medica-o . Lini cum calce, Lini
    ed to the action of heat . It is fetid , and always mentum aquæ calcis .
    contains acertain quantity of subcarbonate ofliver OLEUM
    of theEsor lucius, Oil
    Lucu Piscis of Pike.
    an oil From the
    is spontaneously tej
    ammonia. See Olea Empyreumatica. The name,
    animal oil, is sometimes alsogiven to the fatseparated,whichis used, in some countries, to pa
    contained in the fatty vesicles. The composi- destroy specks on the cornea.
    OLEUM MALABATHRI, see Malabathrum - 0 .
    this fat
    tiontheoffixed does not, indeed, differ from that Mariæ, see Fagara octandra - o. Melaleucæ leu
    of oils.
    codendri, Caieput ( oil ) -0. Menthæ piperitæ ,
    The OLEUM ANIMA’LE DIPPE'li , or Animal see Mentha piperita - o. Menthæ viridis, Men
    oil of Dippel, Oleum cornu cervi, 0. C. C. recti- tha viridis-o. Monardæ , Monarda punctata — 0. C
    fica'tum , Animal oil, Dippel's oil, Oleum pyro- Morrhuæ, 0. jecinoris aselli.
    anima'le depura'tum ,0.anima'le æthe'reum , Py- OLEUM E MUCILAGIN'IBUS, Oil of mu'cilages.
    roleum ossium rectifica'tum,( F.) Huile animale ( Rad. althææ rec. ibss, sem.lini, sem.fænugræci
    de Dippel, Huile de corne de cerf,is obtainedby aa ziij, aquæ lbij . Boil for half an hour,add ol.
    distilling animal inatters, especially hartshorn Continue boiling
    , olio. ibiv. water near
    till the is
    on the naked fire. The subcarbonate of am . ly consunied, and pouroff the oil.) Emollient. bra
    monia , which it contains , renders it partly OLEUM NEROLI, see Citrus aurantium . SED
    soluble in water, and communicates to it its OLEUM OLI'VÆ , 0. olira'rum, Olive oil, Salad for
    stimulant properties for which it is used in me- oil. It is an inodorous , insipid , and transparent Tea
    dicine. It is employed as an antispasmodic. oil ; obtained by expression from the olive,
    OLEUM ANIMALIZA'TUM PER INFUSIO'Nem , (F.) when ripe . It isdemulcentand emollient,-pos
    Huile animalisée par infusion, Huile aromatique, sessing the qualities of the fixed oils in general. bra
    H. de petits chiens. A preparation , formerly An inferior kind , obtained by boiling the
    esteemed tonic and cephalic . It was obtained olives in water , and skimming the oil from the
    by boiling new -born puppies in oil , first de surface, is used , also , in Pharmacy. See Olea
    priving them of their blood, skin , and intes- Europæa.
    tines. When the decoction was cold , origanum , OLEUM OMPHACINUM , Omotribes - o. Oxydi FORO
    thyme , pennyroyal, St. John's- wort, and mar- cupri viride, Balsam , green, of Metz-o. Palmæ,
    joram were added. see Cocos buty racea - o . Palmæ liquidam , seo WA
    OLEUM ANISI , see Pimpinella anisum - o . Ricinus communismo. Petræ, Petrolæum - 0 .
    OLFACTION 491 OMNIVOROUS

    Petre album , Naphtha-0. Picinum , Brutia, Pis- diately , on the portion of the pituitary mem
    Relæum - o. Pimente, see Myrtus pimenta-o . brane, that lines the vault of the fossæ .
    Pini purissimum , O. terebinthinæ rectificatum The OLFACTORY FORAM'INA , ( F.) Trous ol.
    -o. Pulegii, see Mentha pulegium --o . Pyro- factifs, are the holes in the cribriform plate of
    animale , O. animale Dippelii — o. Ricini, see the ethmoid bone, through which the olfactory
    Ricinus communis -- o. Rutaceum , Peganelæon nerve passes.
    OLFACTŪS AMISSIO , Anosmia.
    -0. Rosmarini , see Rosmarinus - o. Řutre, see
    Ruta-o. Sesami , see Sesamum orientale - o. OLIBANUM , Juniperus lycia - o. Vulgare ,
    Sinapis, see Sinapis-o. Spicæ vulgaris, O. see Pinus abies.
    terebinthinæ - o. Succini, see Succinum . OLIGAEMIA , Anæmia , Ilæmaporia, Hype
    OLEUM SULPHURA'TUM , Balsamum sulphuris mia .
    OLIGOCH’YLUS, from olyos, little ,' and
    simplex, Sulphura'ted oil. ( Sulphur. lot.Zij , olicæ
    olei ibj. Heat the oil in a large iron pot,and mulos, “ juice , chyle. An epithet for food which
    throw in the sulphur, by degrees; stirring the is but little nutritive ; which furnishes little
    mixture after each addition till they unite.), Itchyle.
    is stimulating, and was formerly much used in OLIGOGALIA , Agalaxis.
    coughs , asthma, &c . , and , externally , to foul OLIGOPOSIA , from oryos, little, and
    ulcers .
    120015, drink .' Diminution in the quantity of
    OLEUM TARTARI PER DELIQUIUM , Liquor po. drinks.
    tassæ subcarbonatis-o. Templinum , see Pinus OLIGOTROPHIA , Parcior nutritio ; from
    mughos. odiyos,' little, ' and tpeow , ‘ I nourish.' Deficient
    OLEUX TEREBIN'THINÆ Rectifica'TUM , nourishment .
    Oleum pini puris'simum, Rectified oil of lur- OLISTHEMA, Luxation .
    pentine,Oleum terebin'thinæ æthereum , Sp .of tur- OLIVA , Olea Europæa.
    pentine . Common oil of turpentine, is also called OLIVARIS , Olive -shaped .
    Common oilof spike, Oleum spice rulga're. (Olei OLIVE , see Olea Europæa - o. Tree, Olea
    terebinth . Ibj, aquæ ibiv. Distil over the oil.). It Europæa.
    is stimulant, diuretic , anthelmintic , and rube- OLIVES , PICKLED , Colymbades .
    facient. Dose , 3ss to 3j. OLIVE - SHAPED , Olira'ris, Oliviformis,
    The Guestonian embrocation for Rheumatism from oli'ra, “ an olive. Resembling an olive.
    consists of ol. terebinth ., ol. olio. äā Ziss, acid (See Corpora Olivaria.)
    sulph. dil. ziij. The CAUTERE OLIVAIRE, of the French sur
    OLEUM THEOBROMÆ Cacao Expressum , But geons, is a cautery whose extremity is termi
    ter of cacao - o. Tiglii, Croton tiglium - o. Vini, nated by a button,having the shape of an olive.
    0. æthereum - 0 . Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid . The Proces'sus Oliva'nis is a small ridge ,
    OLFACTION , Olfactus, Osphre'sis,Odora'- running transversely between , and a little be
    tus, Sense of smell, Smelling, ( F ) Odorat. The hind, the roots of the anterior clinoid processes
    sense by which we perceive the impressions of thesphenoid bone , which by some has been
    made on the olfactory nerves by the odorous considered as a 4th clinoid process.
    particles suspended in the atmosphere. The OLIVIER, Olea Europæa .
    olfactory nerve has usually been considered the OLMITELLO , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    great nerve of smell; and it is probably the A thermal spring in the Isle of Ischia. Temp.
    nerve of special sensibility , general sensibility 100° Fahr.
    being communicated by the branches of the 5th OLOPHO'NIA , from odio , o.lvw ,' I lose, ' and
    pair, distributed on the pituitary membrane of Qur ', ' voice.' Congenital misconstruction of
    the nose and sinuses. the vocal organs .-Good .
    OLFACTORY, Olfacti'vus, Olfacto'rius, 0s- OLOPHONTA Labu LOBATA, Harelip-o . Lin
    phranticos, from olfactus, ' the smell.' That gue frænata , see Ankyloglossuin .
    which belongs or relates to the sense of smell. OM'AGRÁ, Hom'agra, ouuzoa, from wnos ,
    The OLFACTORY NERVES, Ethmoid'al nerves, the shoulder,' and ayga, ' a prey. ' Gout in the
    ( Ch.) Par primum Nervo'rum cerebri, Nervi shoulder.
    odoratorii, Proces'sus mamilla'res, Processus ma. OMA'SUM , Omasus, Manyplies. The third
    millares cer'ebri ad nares, P.papilldres, Carun'- stomach of ruminant animals .
    culæ mamilla'res , -the first pair of encephalic OMBILIC , Umbilicus .
    nerves. This nerve , which probably arises from OMBILICALE , Umbilical.
    the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave the OMBRAGE, Nebula .
    brain , opposite the inner part of the fissure of OMENTA , Meninges.
    Sylvius , by three roots ; which , by their union , OMENTESIS , Epiploitis .
    form a triangular knot or expansion. When it OMENTITIS, Epiploitis.
    reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms OMENTUM , Epiploon - o. Colicum , Epi
    a triangular ganglion or grayish, soft bulb , ploon , colic - o.Gastro -colicum , Epiploon , gas
    which furnishes, from its inferior surface, the tro-colic-o. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon , gastro
    branches that have to be distributed to the nasal splenic - o. Great, Epiploon, gastro-colic-0.
    fossæ. These filaments are very numerous ; Hepato-gastricum , Epiploon ,gastro-hepatic - o.
    they pass through the foramina in the cribri- Lesser,Epiploon ,gastro -hepatic - o. Majus, Epi
    form plate and enter the nasal fossæ . They are ploon, gastro -colic - 0. Minus, Epiploon, gastro
    distinguished into the internal, external , and hepatic - o. Ossium , Periosteum - o . Third , Epi .
    middle. The former are distributed over the ploon , colic.
    mucous membrane, covering the outer paries of OMMA , Eye.
    the nasal fossr ; the second descend upon the OMNIPHAGOUS, Omnivorous.
    septum , and the third are lost , almost imme. OMNIVOROUS, 'Omnitorus, Omnipl'ugus
    OMO- CLAVICULAR 492 ONGUENT

    Pantoph'agus, from omnis, ' all ,' and voro, ' Ieat.' empties itself into the trunk , or into one of the
    An epithei for animals which eat every kind of branches,of the superior mesenteric. Velpeau
    food,-animal or vegetable . affirms, that they inosculate with a branch of
    OMO -CLAVICULAR . See Coraco- the second or third order of those great ves
    clavicular. sels, with those in particular that are dis
    OMOCOTYLE . See Glene . tributed to the cæcum , and he regards them to
    OMO -HYOIDEUS,Cor'uco-hyoideus,Scapulo- be the vessels of nutrition of the umbilical
    hyoïdien, Omo-hyoidien , Omoplui-hyoïdien , Hyoï'. vesicle.
    dis Quartus Mus'culus. This muscle is situate , They are occasionally met with in the fætus,
    obliquely , at the sides and front of the neck at the full period, under the form of whitish fila.
    It is slender, long, and fat. It arises from the ments,which extend from the mesenteric vessels
    superior costa of the scapula, near the seini. to the umbilicus.
    lunar notch , and from the ligament that runs OMPHALONCUS , Omphalophyma.
    across it , and is inserted at the sides of the in- OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphalon'cus, from
    ferior margin of the body of the os hyoides. It Oupados , ' the navel,' and oupa, ' tumour.' A
    consists of two fasciculi, united by a common tumefaction of the navel.
    tendon , and is a true digastric muscle. It de- OMPHALORRHA'GIA , from oupalos, ' the
    presses the os hyoides , carrying it a little back . umbilicus ,' and onyvuule, ' I break out. ' Hemor
    wards , and to one side , except when it acts with rhage from the umbilicus, in the new-born , in
    its fellow , when the bone is depressed, and drawn particular.
    obliquely backwards. OMPHALOS , Umbilicus.
    OMOPLATE , Scapula - o. Col de l , Collum OMPHALOSITE , from orqalos, ' the navel,
    scapulæ . and oitos, nourishment. A monster, which
    OMOPLAT-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hyoideus. possesses an imperfect kind of life, that ceases
    OMOS , Humerus. when the umbilical cord is divided .
    OMOTARICHOS, from opos, the shoulder,' OMPHALOTOMY, from ou oudos, “ the um
    and tapiyos, “pickled.' Salsamen'tum crudum ; bilicus,' and Teuvw , “ I cut.' The division of the
    Salted Tunny Fish , in particular. Properly, the navel string.
    neck or shoulder piece of a salted animal. Once ONANIA, Masturbation .
    much recommended against the bites of vipers , ONANISM , Masturbation .
    and in hydrophobia. ONCOS , Tumour.
    OMOTOCİA , Abortion . ONCO'SES, from oyxos, ' a tumour. ' Tu .
    OMOTRIBES , Omphac''inum O'leum Oil , from mours, as diseases.
    WOS, ' crude , ' and toisu, “ I bruise . ' ex ONCOSIS , Tumour.
    pressed from unripe olives. ONCOTYOMY, from oyxos , a tumour ,' and
    OMPHA'CION , 01Qaxlov , from ouoaxos , ' an toun, incision .' The opening of a tumour or
    unripe grape:'- Succus uræ acer'bæ ,Ompha'cium . abscess with a cutting instrument .
    The juice of unripe grapes. Also, Verjuice. ONCTION , Inunction .
    OŇPHACI'TES (VINUM .) A name given ONDULATION, Fluctuation.
    to wine prepared from the unripe grape. Om- ONEBERRY , Paris.
    phaci'tis, is also the name of a small gall.- ONEIROCRITICOS, from overgos,'a dream ,'
    Dioscorides . and x 1015, judgment.' One , who judges ac
    OMPHACIUM , Verjuice . cording to dreams.
    OMPHACOM'ELI, from oupaxos, ' an un. ONEIRODYN'IA , from ovelpos, " a dream ,'
    ripe grape ,' and uent, 'honey .' A sort of oxy . and odurn , ‘ pain .' Painful dreams. The In
    mel , made of the juice of unripe grapes and cubus and Somnambulism are uneirodyniæ .
    honey. ONEIRODYNIA Activa , Paroniria, Somnambu
    OMPHALELC'OSIS , from or Qahos , " the Jism--o. Gravans, Incubus.
    navel ,' and ' shxos , an ulcer. ' Ulceration of the ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus.
    navel . ONEIROGʻMO Oneirog'yně
    , Oneiropoi'.
    OMPHALOCARPUS , Galium aparine . esis, from overpos S,
    , la dreain . A lascivious
    OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos. dream ;-pollution, (q . v .) nocturnal pollution.
    OMPHALOMANTI'A , from ougalos, the ONEIROGONOS , Pollution .
    navel,' and parteia , prophecy .' A species of ONEIROMANTI'A , from orxigos, ' a dream ,'
    divination, practised by credulous matrons, who and parteia , divination. The art of divining
    pretend to be able to know the number of chil- by dreams; of interpreting them .
    dren a female will have , by the number of knots ONEIROPOLESİS , Oneirogmos.
    in the navel string of the child . ONERA ALVI, Excrement.
    OMPHALO-MÊSERAIC, Omphalo-mesen- ONGLE, Nail .
    teric . ONGLÉE, (F.) Digito'rum stupor a gelû .
    OMPHALO -MESENTERʻIC , Omphalo. Painful numbness at the extremities of the
    mesenter'icus, Om'phalo-mesura'icus ; from ou- fingers, caused by cold .
    palos, “ the navel ,' and mesenterium, “ the me- ONGLET, Pterygion .
    sentery .' ONGUENT, Unguentum -0. d'Althén, Un
    OMPHALO -MESENTERIC VESSELS , Vitello.me- guentum de Althæâ - 0 . de Blancdebaleine, Un
    senteric,Vitelline vessels. Haller gave this name guentum cetacei-o. Blanc de Rhazes, Unguen
    to two very fine vessels , which spread their ium plumbi subcarbonatis—0 . de Cerusse, Un
    ramifications on the parietes of the umbilical guentum plumbi subcarbonatis - o. Citrin contre
    vesicle. There is an omphalo-mesenteric artery la gale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis-o.
    and vein . The omphalo- mesenteric artery is a Digestif simple ,Unguentum digestivum simplex
    branch of the superior mesenteric ;-tbe vein -0. Gris, Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cine
    ONION 493 OPHIOXYLUM

    reum-o.de Guimauve, Unguentum de althæâ— The property , possessed by some bodies, of not
    o. de Laurier, Unguentum laurinum - 0 . Mer- allowing the light to traverse them . It is op
    curiel, Unguentum hydrargyri-o. Napolitain , posed to transparency: Opacity of the cornea
    Unguentum hydrargyri - o. de Nitrate de mer- constitutes albugo or leucoma ;-opacity of the
    cure, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis—o. de crystalline causes cataract.
    Poir et de cire, Basilicon - 0. de Soldat, Martia- O'PALINE . That which resembles the opal .
    tum unguentum - o. de Sureau, Unguentum A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and
    sambuci- o.de Tornamira, Unguentum plumbi when
    subcarbonatis.
    it presents an appearance more or less
    like that of the opal .
    ONION, COMMON , Allium cepa-o. Sea , OPAQUE, Opa'cus. An epithet given to
    Scilla. bodies , which do not permit the passage of rays
    ONIS'CUS, Asellus, Cu tio, Porcellio. Di- of light. The opaque cornea is the sclerotica,
    minutive of oroş, ' a small ass . ' A genus of in- in contradistinction to the transparent cornea
    sects , very common in cellars and dark and or true cornea .
    moist places. OPERATIO , Action .
    The Onisci ASELLI , Millep'edes, Aselli, Mil- OPERATION , Opera'tio, from opus,' work . '
    lep'ede, Wood -lice, Slaters, Hog -lice, (F.) Clo. The application of instruments to the human
    portes ordinaires, had, at one time, a place in body with the view of curing disease. The
    the pharmacopeias . They were considered object of operations is generally to divide or
    stimulant and diuretic , and useful in jaundice . reunite parts, to extract extraneous or noxious
    ONITIS , Origanum dictamnus. bodies, and to replace organs that are wanting,
    ONOMATOČLESIS , Nomenclature. by different instruments or artificial means.
    ONOMATOLOGIA , Nomenclature. The principal operatory methods have been
    ONONIS ANTIQUORUM , O. spinosa. called, Synthesis, Diæresis, Eræresis, and Pro
    Ono'nis Spino'sa, Resta bovis, Arres'ta bovis, thesis, (q. v . ) Frequently, the most difficult
    Rem'ora Aratri, Ononis antiquoʻrum , Rest-har- subject, connected with an operation , is to de
    row , ( F.) Arrête-bæuf, Bugrande épineuse, Bu- cide when it is absolutely called for or advisa
    grane . ' Nat. Ord . Leguminosæ . Ser. Syst. ble, and when it is improper.
    Diadelphia Decandria. ” The root of this plant À CAYM'ICAL or PHARMACEUTICAL OPERA
    was, once , used as a diuretic . Tion is any process, whose object is the pre
    The ONONIS ARVEN'sis , (F.) Bugrane des paration of medicines ; their combinations with
    champs, has like properties. each other, analysis , and decomposition ;—such
    ONOPOR'DIUM ACAN'THIUM , Carduus are , solution, distillation, sublimation, evapora
    tomento'sus, Acan'thium ,Ad'unos, Cotton Thistle. tion, digestion, maceration, infusion, decoction,
    Family, Cinarocepha-
    ( F.) Chardon aux Anes.sia calcination, & c. Some of these operatiAs are
    . Sex. Syst. Syngene ia cal
    Polygam æqualis.mechani l
    ; others, really chymica .
    The expressed juice has been recominended as OPERATION, BILATERAL, see Lithotomy-o.
    a cure for cancer , applied externally . Césarienne, Cæsarean section - o. High, see
    ONYCHIA , Paronychia. Lithotomy - o. Lateral, see Lithotomy.
    ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS , Onychogrypo'sis, OP'ERATOR. A surgeon , who is in the
    Onychogrypto'sis, from ovus, the nail, and habit of practising the greater operations. One
    gryposis, (q. v . ) Curvature of the nails; such who performs any operation. To be a good
    as occurs in hectic individuals. operator , the surgeon must be well accquainted
    ONYCHON’OSI , Onychonu'si, from orus, a with anatomy , and be possessed of strong nerve.
    See Surgeon .
    nail ,' and vooos, ' a disease. ' Diseases of the OPERCULUM ASPERÆ ARTERIÆ ,
    nails. Larynx - o. Nei, Bauhin , valve of.
    ONYCHOPH'THORA , Onychophtho'ria, OPERIMENTUM PRÆTENSUM ABDO
    Onycoph'thora, Onycophthoria , from orus, ' the MINIS, Peritonæum .
    nail, and qgoga, degeneration .' A degenerate OPHIASIS, Calvities.
    condition or destruction of the nails, OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM , Echi
    ONYCHOPHY'MA, from orus, the nail,' | oglos'sum , Lingua serpenta'riu , Adder's Tongue,
    and pupa, ' a tumour. ' A painful degeneration ( F.) Langue de Serpent. Family, Filicoideæ .
    of the nails, which become thick , rough , and Ser . Syst. Cryptogamia. This plant was for
    crooked. It occurs as a symptom of syphilis merly considered to be vulnerary.
    and of lepra. OPHIOPH'AGUS, from opis, ' a serpent,'
    ONYCHOPTO'SIS , from ovvę, a nail,' and and wayo , ' I eat . ' ' An epithet for animals,
    21 TWOIS , ' falling.' The falling off of the nails. which feed on serpents. Pliny has called cer.
    ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora. tain African tribes by this name.
    ONYX , Nail , Pterygion. Also, a collection OPHIORRHIZA MUNGOS , from oqıs , ' a
    of purulent matter between the laminæ of the serpent,' and quia, root.' Family ,Gentianeæ .
    cornea , having the shape of a nail . Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The name of
    OOEIDES , Aqueous humour. the plant whose root has been called Radix
    OOLOG'IA , Ooologia ,Orology,from wov, ' an Serpen'tum , Mungos Radix. The bitter root is
    ovum or egg , ' and joyos , a discourse,' a de- much esteemed in Java , Sumatra, & c. for pre
    scription .' A description of the ovum . venting the effects that usually follow the bite
    OON , Ovum. of the naja , a venomous serpent ; with which
    OOPHORITIS , Ooritis. view it is eaten by the natives . It is, also , a
    OOPHORON , Ovary . reputed anthelmintic .
    OPAC'ITY, Opac''itas, from opaca're, ' to OPHIOX'YLUM , from opis , ' a serpent,' and
    obscure .' Quality of that which is opaque. I vor, ' wood .' Serpentine wood plant.
    OPHIS 494 OPHTHALMIC

    The OPHIOXYLUM SERPENTI’NUM, Acawe'ria, blisters (at some distance from the organ ,) re
    Lignum serpen'tum ,has also been recommended frigerants; and astringents, cold or warm , ac
    in the bites of serpents , and in intermittents. cording to circumstances, to the eye.
    It is said to be very bitter. In the Purulent Ophthalmy, these measures
    OPAIS , Serpent . must be still more actively employed, otherwise
    OPHI'TES , from 0915, ' a serpent,' Serpenti'- disorganization will speedily follow :-the gra
    nus, Serpentine or Black Por'phyry. This rock nulations, which form on the adnata of the eye.
    was, formerly , worn as an amulet to cure dis- lids, may be removed with the scissors , and ihe
    eases of the head. sore touched with a solution of alum .
    OPHROSTAPHYLON , Bryonia alba. The Ophthalmia Tarsi must be treated on
    OPHRYS, Supercilium . general principles , when severe . It usually ,
    OPHTHALMAL GIA , from 009annos, ' the however, requires merely the antiphlogistic re
    eye , ' and ałyos , “pain . Pain in the eye. gimen , with the occasional use, especially at
    OPHTHALMIA , Ophthalmi'tis, from opfał. night, of a slightly stimulating ointment ; such
    pos, ' the eye.' Oculo'rum inflamma'tio , Cauma as the unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi,
    ophthalmitis, Ophthalmopo'nia,Inflamma'tion of considerably reduced with lard. The ointment
    the Eye, Ophthalmy, (F.) Ophthalmie, Catarrhe prevents the eyelids from being glued together,
    oculaire. Three great varieties of ophthalmia , during the night, and thus obviates the irrita
    independently of the acute and chronic (which tion caused by attempts at separating them .
    conditions occur in all inflammations , ) may be OPHTHALMIA Chronica , Lippitudo - o. Rheu
    reckoned :—the Ophthalmia membranarum , 0. matic, Sclerotitis - o. Sicca,Xerophthalmia — o.
    purulenta , and 0.tarsi. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia .
    The first is characterized by the general OPHTHALMIATER , Oculist.
    symptoms of ophthalmia ;-pain and redness of
    the eye or its appendages ; with intolerance of OPHTHAL'MIC, Ophthalmicus, from oqlan
    light,and unusual flow oftears: the infiamma- ! os , ' the eye.' That which relates or belongs
    tion being seated chiefly in the coats of the to the eye.
    eyeball. It is the Ophthalmia taraz'is, Con The OphthalmIC ARTERY , A. orbitaire, ( Ch .)
    junctivitis, Ophthalmo-conjunctivitis, o. hu '. arises from the internal carotid,and issues from
    mida, 0, vera, Epiphora (Galen,) Conjunctiral the cranium by theforamen opticum . At first,
    ,Taraxis, ( Paulus
    Ophthal'mia of Ægina.) Che- it is situate at the outer and lower side of the
    mo'sis (Aetius,) 0. Chemosis, Lach'rymose optic nerve, but ascends above this nerve , and
    Ophthalmia. passes towards the inner angle of the orbit. It
    In the second - Ophthalmia purulen'ta, Blen- furnishes, in its course, the lachrymal, centralis
    nophthal'mia ,Bleph'aroblennorrha'a,Ophthalmo. retine, infra-orbitars, ciliaries, anterior ciliaries,
    blennorrhæn—the internal surface of the palpe. inferior and superior musculars, anterior and
    bræ associates in the inflammation of the eye- posterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior
    ball ; and there is a copious secretion of a puru. palpebrals. After having given off these,it di
    lent fluid . vides into two branches-the frontal and nasal,
    An epidemic and contagious (?) variety of whichfurnisha number of ramifications,—some
    this is the Ægyptian Ophthalmia ,-as it was superficial, others deep-seated.
    called, from its prevalence in Egypt during The Op THALMIC VEin has the same ar
    the British expedition under Sir Ralph Aber- rangement as the artery , which it accompanies
    cromby. The inflammation, here , is rapid and in all its divisions. It issues from the orbit at
    destructive ; granulations shoot from the tunica the inner part of the sphenoidal fissure, and dis
    conjunctiva , and occasionally there is intolera- charges its blood into the cavernous sinus.
    ble pain , often succeeded by delirium . The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given
    In new -born children , a species of purulent to the branch, by which the facial vein com
    ophthalmia, in which the palpebræ are florid municates with the ophthalmic.
    and peculiarly tumid , is by no means uncom- The OputhaLMIC Nerve, or Ophthalmic
    mon . It seems to be caused by acrid discharges Nerve of Willis, Or'bito-frontal, (Ch.) is the
    from the mother, applied to the eye of the in- smallest and first of the three branches given
    fant during its exit ; or to the stimulus of the off by the 5th pair. It proceeds along the ex
    light, when the child first opens its eyes. ternal paries of the cavernous sinus , and enters
    The third variety- the Ophthalmia Tarsi, the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure. It divides
    Blepharophthalmia , Blepharotis, Blepharoti'tis, into three branches: one, external — the lachry
    Blephari'tis, Psorophthalmia, 0. glutino'sa , Oculi mal nerve ; another, superior - frontal nerve,
    palpebra'rum scabies prurigino'sa , Adenophthal- and the last, internal — the nasal nerve. See
    mia — is seated chiefly in the tarsus ; the se- Lachrymal, Frontal , Nasal.
    baceous crypts secreting a viscid and acrid fluid, The OPHTHALMIC GANGLION, Lenlic'ular G. ,
    that glues and ulcerates its edges, and irritates G. orbitaire, (Ch .) is one of the smallest gan .
    the eye . glions of the body . It is situate at the outer
    The Ophthalmia Membranarum , when slight, side of the optic nerve , near the bottom of the
    requires little treatment: the antiphlogistic re- orbit ; is irregularly quadrilateral and flat: its
    gimen--and , particularly, avoiding exposure to colour being of a reddish gray. Behind, it com
    light, -- being all that is necessary. When municates by its posterior angles - by means of
    more severe, along with this , general and local nervous filaments with the nasal nerve of the
    blood -letting, especially by leeches to the sides ophthalınic and the motor oculi. Each of its
    of the septum narium ,must be employed , so as anterior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small
    to make a decided impression on the system : nerves . These are the ciliary nerves .
    with nauseating doses of antimony, purgatives, An OPHTHALMIC or Optic REMEDY, ( F. )
    OPHTHALMICA 495 OPPONENS

    Topique ophthalmique, is a medicine employed intended to scarify the eyelids in certain cases
    in ophthalmia . of ophthalmia.
    OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis. OPIANE, Narcotine.
    OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI, Motores ocu- OPIAT, Opiate - o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice.
    lorum . OPIATE, Opiu'tum , (F.) Opiat, from orior,
    OPHTHALMITIS , Ophthalmia. opium .' A medicine containing opium . A
    OPHTHALMO -BLENNORRHOEA, Ophthal. medicine that procures sleep. An electuary.
    mia (purulent.) Formerly, an electuary, which contained opium .
    OPHTHALMO -CARCINOMA, from og far. In this sense, the Codex of Paris retains it.
    plos, ' the eye ,' and xapxırwua , ' cancer . ' Can- OPIATUM FEBRIFUGUM , -Electua'rium
    cer of the eye. de Kinâ-Kinâ ; Elec'tuary of Cincho'na. ( Pulv .
    OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia. cinch. zxviij, ammon.muriat. 3j,mellis,syrup:
    OPHTHALMODYNIA, from opaduos, absinth. aa Zij . Make into an electuary. Ph. P.)
    the eye ,' and oduvn, ' pain ,' especially rheu- Given , when cinchona is indicated.
    matic pain of the eye. Plenck has given this OPLATUM MESENTER'ICUM , Electua'rium de
    name to neuralgia of the frontal nerve, in which Aloc, Muriate Hydrar'gyri et Ferro. ( Gum .
    the pain irradiates, particularly, towards the ummon. Zss, senne zvj, hydrargyri submuriat.,
    bottom of the orbit. See Neuralgia, Frontal . rad. ari. aloës socotrin. aa zij, pulo. scammon .
    OPHTHALMODYNIA PERIODICA, Neuralgia, fa- comp. (vulg . de tribus ) rhaj, rad. áă ziij, ferri
    cial .
    limatur. porphyrisat. Zss. Bruise and mix to
    OPHTHALMOGʻRAPHY, from oqgaduos, gether, add compound syrup of apples double
    the eye , ' and yoan, ' a description . The part the weight of the other matters, and make into
    of anatomy which gives a description of the an electuary. Ph. P. ) Dose , 3ss to gij, in ob .
    eye. An anatomical description of the eye . structions of the liver, mesentery , &c.
    OPHTHALMOL'OGY , (F.) . Oculistique, OPION , Opium.
    OPISTHENAR, Onoderad, from 07160 €,
    from oq faluos, ' the eye,' and ' doyos, “ a dis-
    course ,
    The part of anatomy which treats of backwards ,' and devag, the flat of the hand .'
    the eye . An anatomical treatise on the eye. The back of the hand .
    A description of the eye in health and in dis- OPISTHOCEPHALON , Occiput.
    ease . OPISTHOCRANIUM , Occiput.
    OPHTHALMOM'ETER , from 009anos, OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Cyphoma.
    ' the eye,' and Hetpor , 'measure . An instru. OPISTHOT'ONOS, Togotovos, Raptus
    ment of the nature of compasses, invented by postergı'neus , Tetanus dorsa'lis, T. posti'cus,
    F. Petit, for measuring the capacity of the an. T. postergu'neus, from 07097, backwards,
    terior and posterior chambers of the eye in and Teiro , I stretch .' A species of tetanus, in
    anatomical experiments.
    OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA , from og fuhuos, which the body is bent backwards.
    OPIUM , see Papaver.
    the eye, ' and now , ' I strike.' Paralysis of Opium COLATUM , Extractum opii - o. Depu
    one or more of the muscles of the eye. ratum , Extractum opii.
    OPHTHALMOPONIA , Ophthalmia. OPÓBALSAMUM . See Amyris Opobalsa
    OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS , from organuos , mum .
    6
    an eye ,' and twois, ' a prolapse . ' A word , OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice . )
    employed by some authors in the sense of ex- OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toch. An unmean
    ophthalmia (9, v .) ; by others, in that of hy. ing term , frequently used by Paracelsus. For
    drophth almia ( q. v . ) merly, il signified å plaster for all external in
    OPHTHALMORRHAGIA, from opgavuos , juries ; now , it is applied to the Linimentum
    the eye ,' and gryvuur, ' I break forth . 'Hemor? Saponis Compositum , ( q. v.)
    rhage from the tunica conjunctiva . It is rare. afterthe
    OpovelDOCH, many formule
    . There Aareliniment,
    invertorSTEER's. called
    OPHTHALMOS , Eye .
    for its preparation. The following is one .
    OPHTHALMOSCOʻPIA , from 099uinos, Sap . alb. ibj, camphor Zij, ol. rorismarini ziv ,
    ' the eye ,' and oxonew , “ I regard attentively .' spiritus vini rectificati Ibij. See Linimentum
    The art of judging of the temperament, & c., of Saponis compositum .
    a person , by examining his eyes. The art of OPOPIOS , Optic.
    judging of health or disease by inspection of the OPOPONACUM , Pastinaca opoponax .
    eyes. OPOPONAX. See Pastinaca opoponax.
    OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM , from oqlanos, OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax.
    the eye,' and otư01 $, station .' Speculum OPORICE, 0 : 10pixn,from or wna, - autumnal
    Oc'uli. An instrument for fixing the eye . fruits.' A medicine , composed of several autum .
    OPHTHALMOTOMY, Ophthalmoto’mia, nal fruits, particularly ofquinces,pomegranates,
    from oq Saduos, the eye ,' and Tauro , ' I cut.' &c. , and wine . It was formerly administered in
    The part of anatomy which treats of the dis. dysentery, diseases of the stomach, &c .
    section of the eye . It has, also , been applied OPOS, Extract - o . Silphion, Laserpitium .
    to extirpation of the eye . OPPILATIO , Emphraxis.
    OPHTHALMOX'YSIS , from oqfc2uos, “ the OPPILATIVUS , Obstruens.
    eye ,' and gvo , ' I scrape . ' A name given to the OPPONENS, ( F.) Opposant. That which
    faces or is put in opposition to something. The
    scarifications sometimes practised on the con
    junctiva ,in cases of ophthalmia ..name has been given to two muscles of the
    OPHTHALMOXYSTRUM . An instrument hand .
    for scraping the eye. Name given to a small OPPONENS Pol'licis , Flexor ossis metacar'pi
    sh , with barbs like an ear of barley or rye , pollicis, Opponens pollicis manus, Flexor priini
    OPPOS.INT 496 ORBICULAR

    interno'dii ( Douglas) , Antith'enar sive semi-in - proceeding through the optic foramen with the
    terosseus pollicis, Carpo -métacarpien du pouce ophthalmic artery. The nerve passes to the
    (Ch .), Métacarpien du pouce, ( F.) Opposant du back part of the globe of the eye , becomes nar
    Pouce. A small, flat, triangular muscle, situ- rower, and enters that organ to give rise to the
    ale in the substance of the thenar eminence. nervous expansion called the Retina, (q . v . )
    It is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior Besides its neurilema , the optic nerve is sur
    annular ligament of the carpus and to the tra- rounded by a sheath , furnished by the dura
    pezium ; and, on the other, to the whole of the mater. This accompanies it as far as the eye .
    outer margin of the first metacarpal bone. This The optic nerve is the nerve of special sen
    muscle impresses on the first bone of the meta- sibility of the eye.
    carpus a movement of rotation , which opposes OPTICO - TROCHLEI - SCLÉROTICIEN ,
    the thumb to the other fingers . Obliquus superior oculi .
    Opponens Min'ımı Digiti, Carpo-métacar- OPTILOS, Eye .
    pien du petit doigt (Ch .) Métacarpien du petit OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia.
    doigt, ( F.) Opposunt du petit doigt. This mus . OR, Gold .
    cle has the same shape and arrangement as the ORACH, STINKING , Chenopodium vulva
    preceding , but is of less size. It is situate in ria.
    the hypothenar eminence. Its fibres are in- ORANGE, FLOWERS OF THE , see Ci
    serted into the anterior annular ligament of the trus aurantium - o . Tree , Citrus aurantium .
    carpus, and terminate on the whole length of ORANGEADE ( F.) A drink , made with
    the inner edge of the 5th metacarpal bone. orange juice diluted with water. It is anti
    This muscle carries the 5th metacarpal bone phlogistic , and often recommended in acute
    forwards, and outwards, and thusaugments the diseases.
    concavity of the palm of the hand . ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium - 0 . Cu
    OPPOSANT, Opponens - 0. du petit doigt, rassoa, Aurantia curassaventia.
    Opponens minimi digiti-- o.du pouce, Opponens ORBICULAIRE DES LÈVRES, Orbicularis
    pollicis . oris - 0.des Paupières, Orbicularis palpebrarum .
    OPPRESSIO , Catalepsy — o. Nocturna , In- ORBIC'ULAR, Orbicula'ris, from orbis, ' a
    cubus. circle .'
    OPPRES'SION, Oppresſsio, Thlipsis, Cata- The Os ORBICULA'RE seu lenticu'lare seu
    thlip'sis. A state , in which the patient experi Sylvii seu orbicula're Sylvi, Globulus stapedis
    ences a sensation of weight in the part affected. ossis, Epiph'ysis cruris longio'ris incudis, is the
    When employed abstractedly, it means, par. smallest of the four bones of the ear. It is
    ticularly, oppression of the chest- Oppressio scarcely perceptible, round , convex on two sur
    Pec'toris, (F.) O. de Poitrine. faces, and situate between the long ramus of
    OPPRESSION , (F. ) Oppression des forces, Op- the incus and the head of the stapes.
    pres' sio vir'ium , is, also , used for that condition , ORBICULAR MUSCLES are muscles with cir.
    at the commencement of fevers, & c., in which cular fibres surrounding some natural opening
    the systein is oppressed rather than debilitated , of the body.
    and where the vascular action rises , as the ob- 1. Orbicula'ris Oris, Sphincter Labio'rum ,
    struction to free circulation is relieved by bleed- Semi vel Demi-orbicularis, Supra -semi-orbicu
    ing, purging, &c. la'ris, Constrictor Oris, Labia'lis, Osculato'rius,
    OPS , Eye. Basia'tor, (F. ) Labial, Orbiculaire des lèvres. A
    OPSÍALGIA , Neuralgia facial. muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and ,
    OPSIONU'SI, from untış, vision ,'and vovnos, extending from one commissure to the other. It
    la disease. ' Morbi visus. Diseases of vision is formed of two very distinct portions ; of a
    OPSIS , Vision . semi-oval shape ; one belonging to the upper
    OPSOMA’NIAC, Opsom'anes , ( F.) Opso- lip , the other to the lower. Their extremities
    mane , from opor, ' aliment,' and Maria . One, cross at the commissures , and are confounded
    who loves some particular aliment to madness . with the other muscles of the parts . The use
    OPTESIS , Assatio. of this fleshy muscle is to bring the lips to
    OPTIC , Op'ticus, Opo'pios,from ontouan, ' I gether, and to close the aperture of the mouth,
    see. That which relates to vision. by making it represent a sort of Bourtalet (q. v .,)
    FORA'MEN Opticum , (F.) Trou optique. A with radiated wrinkles. It is an antagonist to
    round opening in the sphenoid bone, near the every other muscle of the lips.
    ORBICULARIS PALPEBRA’RUM , Orbicularis oc'
    base of its lesser ala , through which the optic
    nerve passes. uli , Orbicularis palpebra'rum cilia'ris, Palpebra
    Optic Nerve, Nerrus op'ticus, Par secun'dum rum duo musculi, Maxillo- palpebral, Palpebra'
    seu op'ticum seu viso'rium , Nerve of the 2d pair, lis, Constrict'or palpebra'rum , Sphincter Palpe
    Nerrus visirus seu visorius, Ocular nerve of bra'rum seu Oculi, Naso -palpebral ( Ch.,) ( F. )
    Chaussier. These nerves are remarkable for Palpebral, Orbiculaire des paupières. A mus
    their size ; for their running a longer course cie common to both the eyelids , and seated in
    within , than without, the cranium ; and for their substance. It is broad, thin , transversely
    their furnishing no branch from their origin to oval , and cleft in its great diameter. It is at
    their termination. They do not seem to arise, tached to the nasal process of the superior
    as was long supposed, from the optic thalami, maxillary bone; to the internal angular pro
    but from the tubercula quadrigemina. Imme- cess of the frontal bone, and to the orbitar pro
    diately after their origin they proceed forwards; cess of the superior maxillary bone . From
    are , at first, broad and flat; but afterwards be- these origins the muscle passes outwards, un .
    come narrower and round. In front of the fossa der the skin of the eyelids, surrounding the
    pituitaria, they unite and decussate, each nerve orbit in a circular manner, extending some.
    ORBICULARIS OCULI 497 ORGANISM

    what beyond it, and covering the upper part ORBITO- EXTUS SCLEROTICIEN , Rec
    of the cheek. It is inserted into the skin of tus externus oculi-0. Intus-scléroticien , Rectus
    the eyelids, its upper and inner edge being in- internus oculi-- o. Maxillo -labial, Levator labii
    timately connected with the frontal and corru- superioris proprius-- o. Palpebral, Levator pal
    gator muscles. Its use is to close the eye, by pebræ superioris -- 0. Sus-pulpebral, Levator pal
    bringing the eyelids together. pebræ superioris.
    The part of the orbicularis, which covers the ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis.
    cartilages of the eyelids , and which is remark- ORCHEA , Scrotum .
    ably thin , is the Musculus Ciliaris of some au- ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis.
    thors. ORCHEOCELE , Orchiocele.
    ORBICULARIS OCULI, O. palpebrarum- OKCHEOTOMY, Castration .
    -0. Recti, Sphincter ani externus . ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS, Orcheocatab'asis,
    ORBIT, Orbita, Trochia, from orbis, ' a cir-from 007's , ' the testis,'and xataßaois, descent.'
    cle. ' The circular cavities are so called, which The descent of the testes into the scrotum.
    lodge the organs of sight . The orbits or orbitar ORCHIDOCELE , Hernia humoralis .
    fosse or carities, conchi, xoyx01, are situate at ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis.
    the upper part of the face, and are composed of ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration .
    seven bones, viz :—the frontal, above ; the ORCHILL, Lichen roccella .
    palate and superior marillary, below : the sphe. ORCHIOCE'LE ,Orcheoce'le , from ogxıs, ' the
    noid and malar, externally, and the ethmoid and testicle,' and uran , a rupture. A tumour of
    lachrymal, internally: the testicle. Hernia humoralis,( q . v . ) A name
    The orbit is filled by the globe of the eye, given to several diseases of the testicles and
    with its different accessary parts -muscles,
    nerves, vessels , the lachrymal its envelopes, essentially differing from each
    gland , & c . other .
    ORBITAL FISSURE, SUPERIOR, Sphe . ORCHIS , Testicle -- o . Butterfly, 0. bifolia .
    noidal fissure - 0 . Fissure , inferior, Maxillary Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion , Male Orchis,
    fissure . Testic'ulus cani'nus, Cynosor'chis, Dogs' stones,
    OR'BITAR, Orbitd'rius, Orbitalis; same ety . Male Fools' stones. The root has had a place
    mon . Relating or belonging to the orbit. in some pharmacopeias, on account of the glu
    The ORBITAR ARCH , ( F.) Arcade orbitaire, tinous, slimy juice it contains. The root of the
    is the projecting, round, margin, which sepa- Orchis bifolia or Butterfly orchis bas likewise
    rates the frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os been collected . It has been used as a demul
    frontis ; and forms part of the circumference cent. Its fancied aphrodisiac virtues seem to
    of the orbit. be owing to its resemblance to oxis , ' a testi
    The ORBITAR APOPH'yses or PROCESSES ter- cle ,' whence its name.
    minate the two extremities of the orbitar arch . The Salep is obtained from a variety of the
    The external is much more prominent, and is orchis ;-- the Orchis morio. See Salep.
    articulated with the cheek bone ; the internal ORCHITIS , Hernia humoralis.
    is thinner, and joins the os unguis. ORCHOI. See Tarsus.
    The ORBITAR FORAM'INA . Of these there ORCHOTOMIA , Castration .
    are several : ORDINAIRES, Menses.
    1. The Foramen orbitarium superius, ( F. ) ORDONNANCE , Formula , Prescription .
    Trou orbitaire supéricur, is situate at the junc- OREILLE D'HOMME, Asarum - 0. de Sou
    tion of the inner third of the orbitar arch with ris, Hieracium pilosella.
    its two outer thirds, and gives passage to the OREILLETTE , Asarum , Auricle of the
    frontal nerve . heart .
    2. The Foram'ina orbita'ria interio'ra vel in- OREILLON , Parotis , Cynanche parotidæa.
    ter'na, Foramina ethmoidea . These are situate ORELIA GLANDIFLORA , Allamanda.
    at the upper part of the internal paries of the OREOSELINUM , Athamanta aureoselinum
    orbit, and are formed by the union of two --o. Africanum , Bubon galbanum .
    notches of the os frontis with two similar ones OREXIS , appetite.
    of the ethmoid ; and are distinguished into an- ORGAN , Organum , Or'ganon . An instru
    terior and posterior. The former gives passage ment. Part of an organized being , destined
    to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve to exercise some particular function. Thus
    and to a small artery. the eyes are organs of sight ; the muscles are
    The Or'eitar Fissures, (F.) Fentes orbi- organs of motion, & c. The collection of or.
    taires. These are situate in the orbit. They gans, which concur in any function, is called
    are two
    noidal in vnumber
    , (q. .; ) the: one superior,
    other inferior,theSpheno-
    Sphe- apparatus, (q. v . ) ERATIO
    ORGANA GENERATIONI INSERVIEN
    maxillary , ( q. v .) TES, Genital organs .
    The OR'BITAR NERVE, Nervus orbita'lis seu ORGANES GENITAUX, Genital organs .
    orbita'rius, is a branch given off from the su- ORGAN'IC , Organ'icus, relating to an organ
    perior maxillary. It enters the orbit by the or organs. It is also used synonymously with
    spheno-maxillary fissure , and divides into two vital, in contradistinction to physical.
    filaments; the one --malar - which passes over ORGANIC DISEASES or Lesions are such as
    the cheek bone, is distributed to the orbicularis concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to
    palpebrarum , and anastomoses with the facial functional, which merely concern the function .
    nerve; the other --temporal-- which passes to 'Of course, organic diseases of a part are al
    the temporal fossæ and anastomoses with the ways more serious than functional .
    inferior maxillary and facial, to become after. ÖR'GANISM . Same etymon. Many physi
    wards subcutaneous. ologists have used this word synonymously
    63
    ORGANIZATION 498 ORTHOPYCA

    with organization ; but more especially to de- however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff
    signate the aggregate of forces which govern in headache .
    organized beings, animals as well as vegeta- ORIGANUM SYRIACUM , Teucrium inarum .
    bles . ORIGINAIRE, (F.) This term has been
    ORGANIZATION . Organisa'tio, from op- used , by French writers , in the same sense as
    γανον,, an organ .' The manner of structure congenital. It is particularly applied to affec
    proper to different beings. The collection of lions depending apon faulty conformation , or
    parts composing an organized body, and the to faulty conformation itself.
    laws which govern it. It is also employed in ORME, Appetite.
    the sense of the structure of a part; as , the ORME , Ulinus.
    organization of the heart , & c. ORMSKIRK MEDICINE . A celebrated an
    ORGANIZATION, COMPOUNDS OF , Principles, tilyssic remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv.
    immediate . Crete , zss ; Bol . Armen . Zij; Alumin . gr. x ;
    ORGANIZED , Organis instruc'tus. That Pulo. Inula 3j ; 01. Anisi, gti. vj .
    which is eomposed of organs. This is taken for a dose every morning for
    ORGANIZED Bodies, (F.) Corps organisés, six times, in a glass of water, with a small pro
    are those endowed with life ; i . e . animals and portion of fresh milk .
    vegetables; in opposition to inorganic bodies, ORNITHOGALUM MARITIMUM , Scilla .
    which term comprises the mineral kingdom .-- ORNUS SYLVESTRIS , Fraxinus excelsior.
    See Corpus . OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA , Virgin'ia
    ORGANOG'RAPHY , Organograph'ia, from broom rape, Beech-drops , Cancer- root . Fumily,
    opravov, ' an organ , ' and yough , ' a description.' Orobanchoïdee. This plant is astringent, and
    A description of the organs of a living body. a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter. It is
    ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology . most powerful when fresh . It has been used
    ORGANON OLFACTÛS,Nasus. in dysentery ; and, externally , to obstinate
    ulcers .
    ORGASM , Orgas'mus, Orgo'sis, from 00γάω , OROBE, Ervum ervilia .
    I desire ardently .' State of excitement and OROBION . See Ervum ervilia .
    turgescence of any organ whatever. Applied OROBOIDES, from 090Bos, ' the orobus ,'
    particularly to the genitalorgans .
    ORGASMUS, Tergescence. and 680 $, “ form . Having the shape of the
    ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon . The second orobus. A name given to the sediment in urine,
    order of the glass Genetica of Good . Defined : when of a fawn colour ,-like the orobus.
    diseases affecting the orgasm ; organic or con OROBUS,
    ORONGE
    Ervum ervilia .
    See Agaric .
    stitutional infirmity disordering the power or
    the desire of procreating. OR'PIMENT, Auripigmen'tum , Orpin , Risi
    ORGE, Rage. gallum , Cloanr, Elome, Sira , Lempnias, Spec
    ORGE, Hordeum - 0. Perlé, see Hordeum . ulum citrinum , Yrides, Yride. The native yel
    ORGELET, Hordeolum . low sulphuret of arsenic . It is poisonous, but
    ORGEOLET, Hordeolum . less so ihan the oxide , It is , also , called Ada .
    ORGOSIS , Orgasm . rigo, Idarnech , husul, Althanachu, Azarnet.
    ORICHALCUM , Brass . The Turks prepare a depilatory with it, which
    ORICULAR , Auricular. they call Rusma.
    ORICULE , Pavilion of the ear. ORPIN , Orpiment- o . Brûlant, Sedum - 0.
    ORIFICIUM DEXTRUM VENTRICULI, Grand, Sedum telephium - o. Reprise, Sedum
    Pylorus. telephium .
    ORIG'ANUM , Origanum vulgare, Cunila ORPINE, Sedum telephium .
    bubula , Marjora'na muncura'na , o. heracleot ORRHOPYGʻION . The inferior extreniity
    icum , Zazarhen'di herba, Wild mar'joram , Com- of the vertebral column ; from coos, 'extremity ;'
    mon marjoram, Mancura'na, (F.) Pied de lit. and nuyn, the nates. Also, the raple,extend
    Family, Labiatæ. Ser. Syst. Didýnamia Gym- ing from the penis to the anus, and separating
    nospermia . This plant resembles marjoram in the scrotum into two parts.
    smell ; and has a pungent taste , much like ORRHOS, Perinæum , Serum .
    thyme. It is aromatic and stimulant; and its ORRIS , Iris florentina -- o. Common , Iris ger
    oil possesses the properties of the essential oils manica .
    in general . The oil is very pungent, and is ORSEILLE , Lichen roccella .
    rarely given internally. It is used in tooth- ORTEIL, Digitus pedis .
    ache. ORTHOCOLON, Ankylosis .
    ORIGANUM AQUATICUM , Eupatorium canna- ORTHOCYLLOSIS, Ankylosis.
    binum-o. Creticum , 0. dictamnus. ORTHODO'RON . A measure with the
    ORIGANUM Dictam’NUS, Dictamnus Creticus, Greeks,equal to eleven finger-breadths.
    0. Creticum , Oni'tis, Ditt'any of Crete, ( F.) ORTHOPÆDI'A , from 0090s , " right,' and
    Dictamne de Créte. The leaves of this plant mais, a child . The part of medicine , whose
    were once recommended as emmenagogue and object is to correct and prevent deformity in
    alexipharmie . the bodies of cbildren ,
    ORIGANUM HERACLEOTICUM , Origanum . ORTHOPN'A , Suffoca'tio, Strangula'tio,
    ORIGANUM MAJORA'NA, Marjorana, 0.majo- Prafoca'tio, Pnir, Pnigmus, Angor, Apnau,
    ranor'des, Majoruna, Sueet marjoram , Samp' from op.9us,“ right,' ' straight, and rvw, I re
    sucus, Agriorig'anum , Amar'acus, ( F.) Marjo- spire.' Impracticability of breathing in the
    luine. Its odour is stroug and fragrant ; taste horizontal posture. Necessity of being in the
    aromatic and bitterish . Its properties are those erect posture , in order to respire.
    of a stomachic and errhine. It is chiefly used , ORTHOPNEA CONVULSIVA , Asthma - 0 . Cy
    ORTIE 499 OS UTERI

    nanchica, Cynanche trachealis-o . Hydro -1-0. Grand, Magnum os — 0 . Grand, col du,
    thoracica, Hydrothorax — 0. Hysterica, An- Collum ossis magni-o. Grandinosum , Cuboid
    gone . -0. Gutturis , Hyoides os — 0 . Hamatum , Os
    ORTIE, Urtica-0. Blanche, Lamium album unciforme - o. Hors du rang, Os pisiforme—o.
    -0. Brûlante, Urtica urens - ó. Morte, Lamium Hypseloides, Hyoides os-o. Inconjugatum ,
    album - 0. Morte des Bois, Galeopsis - o. Ro- Sphenoid - o. Incudi simile, Incus - o. Inferius
    maine, Urtica pilulifera . ventriculi , Pylorus —- 0. Innominé , Innominatum
    ORTYX , Tetrao coturnix . os - 0 . Intercalés, Wormniana ossa - o . Internum ,
    ORVALE , Salvia sclarea. Os uteri -0. Inverecundum , Frontal bone - 0 .
    ORVIETÁ'NUM . From the Italian Orvieta'- Ischii, Ischion - 0. Jugale , Malæ os — 0 . Juga
    no .
    An electuary regarded as an invaluable mentum , Malæ os-0. Juguli, Clavicle-o.
    antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried Lachrymale, Unguis os- o. Lambda, Occipital
    ripers, Scorzonera, Carlina, Imperatorium ,An- bone - o. Lambdoides Hyoides os, ' Occipital
    gelica, Bistort, Rosemary , Juniper, Cinnamon, bone-o. Lapideum , Temporal boné-o. Lenti
    Cloces, Mace, Honey , and a crowd of other sub- culare , os orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. Lepi
    stances . Its medical properties resembled, in doides, Temporal bone-o. Linguæ , Hyoides os
    some respects , those of the theriac . It was so -0. Linguale, Hyoides os — 0 . Lithoides , Tem
    called, according to some, because invented by poral bone - o. Magnum , neck of the, Collum
    Orvietano , a celebrated charlatan ; or,according ossis magni— o. Mulaire, Malæ os - o. Maxillæ
    to others, from Orvieto , a town in Italy . superioris undecimum , Vomer — 0. Marillaire
    ORY'ZA , from Orez, ( Arab. ,) Oryza sati'oa ,inférieure, Collum mandibulæ — o. Memoriæ ,
    Rice, ( F. ) Riz. Family, Gramineæ . Ser. Syst. Occipital bone - o. Mendosum , Temporal boné
    Hexandria Monogynia . A plant, almost aqua -0 . Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage - 0. Mu
    tic , and indigenous in China; one of the rich cronatum , Xiphoid cartilage-o . Multangulum
    est productions of Egypt, and which prospers majus, Trapezium os - o. Multangulum minus,
    in the warmer regions of the four quarters of Trapezoides os — 0.Multiforme, Eihmoid, Sphe
    the globe. Its amylaceous seeds nourish mcre noid — o. Nasaur, Nasal bones — 0. Naviculare,
    men than those of wheat and rye together. Os scaphoides -- o. Nervale , Temporal bone-o.
    Besides being alimentary, they are demulcent Nervosum , Occipital bone - o. Occipitis, Occi
    and emollient. pital bone Orbiculare Os pisiforme
    - o. , - 0. du.
    Os, Bone, Mouth-0. Acromii , Acromion- Palais, Palate bone-o. Palati, Palate bone-0.
    0. ad cubitale, Radius - o.Adjutorium ,Humeri Palatin , Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid
    os — 0. Alforme, Sphenoid — o.Alagas,Coccyx, .. Pectinis,Pubis, os -- o . Pectoris, Sternum - o .
    Şacrum - o. Amphideon, Os uteri - 0. Anonyme, Pelvicephalicum ,' Occipital bone-o. Perone,
    Innominatum os- o. Anticum, Arant bouche- Fibula -- o. Petrosum , Temporal bone - o.Poly.
    0. Arcuale, Temporal bone - o. Armale, Tem- morphon, Sphenoid - 0. de la Pommette, Malæ
    poral bone - o. Asser, Sternum - o .de l'Assiette, os - o. Posterum , Pharynx-o. Præruptæ rupi
    Ischion - n. Azygos, Sphenoid - o. Ballistæ , As assimilatum , Temporal bone - o. Procubitale,
    tragalus—o. Basilare , Occipital bone, Palate Ulna - o. Propres du nez , Nasal bones — o . Pro
    bone , Sacrum , Sphenoid — o. Baxillare, Sphe- ra , Occipital bone - o. Puppis, Frontal bone,
    noid -- o. Bicorne, Hyoides os - o. Brachiale , Occipital bone - o. Pyramidale carpi , Trape.
    Homeri os — 0 . Brachii. Humeri os - o . Calcis,zoides oso. Pyxidis, Occipital bone - o. Ra
    Calcaneum - o. Capitatum , Magnum os - o? tionis, Frontal bone-o. du Rayon, Radius - o.
    Cauda,Occipitalbone - o. Coccygis, Coccyx , Sacrum , Sacrum .... Saxeum ,Temporal bone
    o. Coliforme, Ethmoid — o. Convolutum supe. - . Scutiforme, Patella - o. Sedentarium , see
    rius , Turbinated bone, middle - o. Coronale ,Ischiatic - o. Semilunare, Lunare os — o. Sextum
    Frontal bon : -0. Coxæ, Innominatum os-0 . cranii, Occipital bone - 0. Sous -ethmoidal, Tur
    Coral, Innominatum os, Ischion - 0. Cribleux, binated bone, inferior - o. Sphæno-basilare, Oc
    Ethmoid-o. Cribriforme, Ethmoid - o. Cribro- cipital bone - o. Sphecoides, Sphenoid - o. Sphc
    sum , Ethmoid - 0 . Crochu , Os unciforme. noidale , Sphenoid -o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid
    OS CROTOPHALE. A name, given by M. o. Spongiosuin , Ethmoid - o. Spongiosum infe
    Béclard , to a bone sometimes met with at the rius, Turbinated bone , inferior - o . Spongiosum
    anterior and inferior angle of the parietal bone ; medium , Turbinated bone, middle - o . Spon
    from xootuoos, the temple .' giosum superius, Turbinated bone, middle, T'ur
    OS CUBITI INFERIUS,Ulna - o.dela Cuisse, binated bone, superior - o. Spongoides , Eth
    Femur_o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — o. Cuneo moid — o. Squamosuin , Temporal bone - o. Sur
    comparatum , Sphenoid - o . Durum , Temporal numéraires, Wormiana ossa - o. Sylvii, Os
    bone-o . Ensiforme , Sternum . orbiculare - o. Temporis, Temporal bone-o.
    OS ÉPACTALE . A name given to one of Tessera, Cuboid — o. Tince, Os uteri- o. Tri
    the ossa Wormiana ; particularly to onemet angulaires, Wormiana ossa-— o. Turbinatum ,
    with in the posterior fontanelle, and which has Turbinated bone, middle - o. Turbinatum infe
    been described by G. Fischer,under the name, rius, Turbinated bone, inferior - o. Uncinatum,
    Os epactale sive Goethianum . Os unciforme- o. Upsiloides , Hyoides os -- 0.
    OS ÉPACTAUX , Wormiana ossa . Varium , Cuboid-o. Vespiforme, Sphenoid - 0 .
    OS EXTERNUM . The entrance into the Vomeris, Vomer - 0 . Wormiens, Wormiana ossa
    vagina , in contradistinction to the Os inter'num , -0. Xiphoides, Sternum - 0 . Ypseloides, Hyo.
    or Os uteri. ides os—0. Zygomaticum , Malæ os.
    OS EXTRA ORDINEM CARPI, Os pisi- OS U'TEŘÍ, Os tinca, Protos'poros, Os in
    forme-o. Fibrosum, Occipital bone — o. Fora- ter'num , Os amphid'con seu amphide'um , Os.
    minulentum , Ethmoid - o. Frontis, Frontal cheon, (F.) Museau de Tanche. The mouth of
    bone - o. Genæ , Male os-o. Gladjoli, Sternum the womb. See Uterus.
    OSCHEOCARCINOMA 500 OSTEOCELE

    OSCHEOCARCINOMA , Cancer, chimney- -o. Tertia maxillæ superioris , Turbinated bones


    sweepers '. -0 . Triangularia, Sphenoidal cornua - o . Tri
    OSCHEOCE'LE, from oozeor,' the scrotum ,' angularia Blasii , Wormiana ossa-o. Trique
    and xnan , ' tumour. Scrotal hernia . See Bu- tra, Wormiana ossa-o . Turbinata , Turbinated
    bonocele . Sauvages uses it in the sense of bones - o. Verticalia , Parietal hones.
    Dropsy of the scrotum . See Hydrocele . OSSELETS DE L'OREILLE , Ossicula au
    OscHEOCELE , Hydrocele—o . Hydatidosa, Hy- ditus .
    datidocele-o. Seininalis, Spermatocele - o. Va- OSSICULA NASI, Nasal bones .
    ricosa , Varicocele . OSSIC'ULUM , Ostarion. Diminutive of os,
    OSCHEON , Scrotum , Os uteri . a bone :-a small bone .
    OSCHEOPHYMA , Hydrocele . The name Ossic'ula Audi'tus , O. AURIS, (F. )
    OSCHEOPLASTIC , Oscheoplas'ticus, from Osselets de l'oreille , 0. de l'ouic, has been given
    on yeor, the scrotum ,' and chaoom, ' T form .' to the four small bones situate in the cavity of
    An epithet given to the operation for restoring the tympanum , and forming an uninterrupted
    the scrotum when lost . chain from the membrane of the tympanum to
    OSCHI'TIS , from oozr, the scrotum ,' and that of the fenestra ovalis. They are four in
    itis, inflammation .' Inflammation of the scro- number ; and their series, from without to
    tum . within , is as follows, Malleus, Incus, Os orbi.
    OSCILLATIO , Irritability . culare, Stapes, (q . v .)
    OS'CITANT, (FEVER ,) Febris oscitans, OsSICULUM Incudi COMPARATUM , Incus-n .
    ( F. ) Füèrre oscitante. A fever, in which the Malleolo assimilatum , Malleus - o . Molari denti
    patient is continually yawning. comparatum , Incus.
    OSCITATIO , Yawning. OSSIFICA'TION , Ossifica'tio ; from os , a
    OSCULATORIUS , Orbicularis oris . bone ,' and fa'cere, ' to make.' Osteoge'nia, Os
    OSCUS, Scrotum . teogen'esis , Osteo'sis. Formation of bones . De
    OSEILLE, Rumex acetosa --o. Boucher, Ru- velopment, or increase of the osseous system .
    mex scutatus-- 0. Petite, Rumex scutatus-- 0. Ossification takes place in the same manner as
    Ronde, Rumex scutatus -- o. Rouge , Rumex san . the nutrition of other organs. The bones are,
    guineus .
    OS’MAZOME, Os'mozome,Matière extractive atthefirst, mucous, and
    cartilage
    afterwards cartilaginous ;
    , at length, receives the phosphate
    du Bouillon , Extrac'tive of meat, Saponaceous of lime, and is, at the same time, replaced by a
    extract of meat ; from ooun, smell,' and (unos, gelatinous parenchyma, when the bone has ac
    soup.' M.Thénard has given this name to an quired the whole of its development.
    extractive matter , contained in muscular flesh
    and in the blood of animals , which he considers Ossification, Points of , Puncta ossificatio'.
    of a peculiar nature. It has an agreeable smell nis, are the points where the ossification of a
    and taste, and is found in Bouillons of meat, in bone commences, whence it extends to other
    the proportion of one part to seven of gelatine. parts . Almost all the bones present a greater
    Vauquelin discovered it in some fungi. It is or lessnumber of points of ossification.
    the substance which gives the flavour of meat Besides the natural ossification , which we ob
    to soups, and hence its name . serve in the fætus and in the first periods of
    OSME, Odour. life, there are , also , acciden'talossifications, such
    OSMONOSI, Osmonu'si, Morbi olfactûs; as those frequently remarked , after the inflam
    from oouen , odour,' and vooos,' a disease .' Dis- mation of serous membranes, in the parietes of
    eases of olfaction . arteries, and to which the terms Osthadia , in
    OSMOZOME , Osmazome. crusta'tion , or petrifac'tion have , sometimes,
    OSMUND, ROYAL , Osmunda regalis. been applied.
    OSMUN'DA REGA'LIS ,Filiz flor'ida, Os OSSIFRAGA, Osteocolla.
    SACRI ACUMEN , Coccyx .
    mund-royal. Family, Filicoideæ . This plant OSSIS
    OSSISANA , Osteocolla .
    was once thought to possess astringent and em OSSIV'OROUS, from os, ' a bone,' and doro ,
    menagogue virtues.
    OSORON, Opium . I devour. ' A species of tumour, mentioned
    OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory . by Ruysch , which destroys the bone .
    OSPHRESIOL'OGY, Osphresiologia ; from OS’TAGRA , Osteagra , from ootkov , ' a bone ,'
    cougrois , ' odour,' and loyos, a discourse .' A and ayga , seizure.' A forceps to cut or remove
    treatise on olfaction and odours . portions of bone .
    OSPHRESIS , Olfaction . OSTALGI'TIS , Osti'tis, from ooteov, ' a bone,'
    OSPHYALGIA , Coxalgia. and itis. Inflammation of the bones ; charac
    OSPHYI'TIS, from oouus, 'the hip ,' and itis, terized by violent shooting and lancinating
    denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the pains in the bones.
    parts about the hip. OSTEAGRA , Ostagra.
    OSPHYS, Lumbi. OSTEALGIA , Osteocopus.
    OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones - o, OSTEITES, Osteocolla.
    Convoluta inferiora , Turbinated bones , inferior OSTEMPYE'SIS , Osteëmpye'sis, Ostempyo'
    -0. Digitorum manus, Phalanges of the fingers sis , from otkov, a bone , ' and surrois , ' effu
    6

    -0. Digitorum pedis , Phalanges of the toes — o . sion of pus ' An abscess in the interior of a
    Epactalia, Wormiana ossa -0. Maxillæ superi. bone.
    oris quarta seu quinta seu secunda, Nasal bones OSTEMPYOŞIS, Ostempyesis .
    --0. Nasalia , Nasal bones ~ 0 . Nasi, Nasal bones OSTEOCELE , from 00tsov, a bone ,' and
    --0 . Nervalia , Parietal bones-0. Sincipitis , xr2n, ' a tumour.' A hernia , in which the sac
    Parietal bones - o . Spongiosa , Turbinated bones is cartilaginous and bony . A rare case .
    OSTEOCOLLA 501 OTOLITHI

    OSTEOCOL'LA , from ootaov, a bone,' and copæias and used medicinally . Their virtues
    xolla, “ glue .' Glue -bone,stoneor bone binder, Os- are similar to those of the carbonate of lime,
    sifraga, Holos'teus, Ossisa'Stelochi'
    Amos'teus, Osteolit
    na, Ostri'tcs,Ostei'tes, See Creta.
    hos, tes . A name OSTREUM , Ostrea.
    given to a petrified carbonate of lime , found in OSTRITES, Osteocolla.
    some parts of Germany and other portions of OSTRUTHIUM , Imperatoria.
    the globe ; so called, because it was supposed OSYRIS , Antirhinum linaria.
    to possess the power of favouring the forma- OTACOUSTIC , Otacousticus; from ous, 'the
    tion of callus in fractures. It is the Chaur car- ear ,' and axovw , ' I listen . ' Any instrument is so
    bonatée concretionnée incrustante of Haüy . Not called which improves the sense of hearing,
    used . as the different species of trumpets.
    OSTEOC'O PUS , Osteal gia, Osteodyn'ia , OTAGRA , Otalgia .
    from ooroor, * a bone ,' and zonos, * fatigue. An OTALYGIA , Oi'agra, Otod'yně, from ovs, ' the
    epithet given to pains felt in bones ,which are ear,' and anyos, pain .' Pain in the ear ; Dolor
    commonly owing to constitutional syphilis. aurium , earache. See Otitis ... posted
    OSTEODYNIA , Osteocopus. OTAL'GIC , Otalgicus. An epithet for re
    OSTEOGENIA , Ossification . medies used in otalgia .
    OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteogra'phia , from one OTENÄCHYTES, Oteyquins,Oten'chyta, from
    Trov, ' a bone , and yoager, to describe.' De ous, the ear,' ev, into,' and ruw , " I pour.'
    scription of the bones. The part of anatomy Sypho auricula'ris. A species of syringe, used
    which describes the bones . for injecting the ear.
    OSTEOLITHOS , Osteocolla. OTHONE , Linteum .
    OSTEOL'OGY , Osteologia , from 00T80v, a OTHONION , Linteum .
    bone, ' and Aoyos , “ a discourse .' The part of OTICUM . A medicine employed in dis
    anatomy which treats of bones. eases of the ear.
    OSTEOMALACIA INFANTUM, Rachitis, GANGLION OticUM , Otic ganglion , Auricular
    Mollities ossium . ganglion , Ganglion marillo -tympanique. This
    OSTEON , Bone --- o . Hieron , Sacrum . is a small ganglion , although more than double
    OSTEONOSI, Osteonu'si, from otpor, ' a the size of the ophthalmic, ash -coloured and
    bone ,' and 10gos, " a disease . ' Diseases of the pulpy like the ganglions of the sympathetic.
    bones . Morbi os'tium . It is situate in advance of the ganglion of Gas
    OSTEOPÆDION , Lithopædion . ser, on the lower surface of the inferior maxil .
    OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium . lary nerve at the inner margin of the foramen
    OSTEO -SARCOʻMA, Osteo -sarcosis, Surcos- ovale of the sphenoid bone. See Petrous Gan .
    to'sis, from 00180v , " bone , ' and gaps, ·Heshi' glion .
    Disease of the bony tissue , which consists in OTIRRHCE'A , Olorrha'a, Blen 'notorrha'n ,
    softening of its laminæ, and their transforma- | ( F. ) Catarrhe de l'oreille, from ous , ' the ear, ' and
    tion into a fleshy substance, analogous to that 90), ' I flow .' Discharge of a puriform liquid
    of cancer , and which is accompanied with ge from the meatus auditorius externus. It is a
    neral symptoms of cancerous affection . The symptom of chronic otitis. Some authors have
    word has often , also , been used synonymously used the term synonymously with chronic otitis.
    with spina ventosa . OTITES . See Digitus.
    OSTEOSARCOSIS , Mollities ossium . OTI'TIS, Empres'ma otitis, Inflamma'tion of
    OSTEO-STEATOMA , Exostosis steatoma- the ear. Inflammation of the mucous mem
    to'des, from 00txov , “ a bone ,' and oteag , suet or brane of the ear , characterized by excruciating
    fat.' A name given to bony tumours or degene- pain ; insupportable humming in the ear, with
    rations, which sometimes belong to osteo - sarco- a dischargeof mucus generally from the meatus
    ma ; at others to spina ventosa, exostosis , &c . externus or from the Eustachian tube. Otitis
    OSTEOSIS , Ossification . is divided into external or internal, according as
    OSTEOTOMY, Osteoto'mia, from OOTEOI ' , it affects the meatus auditorius, or the cavity of
    ' a bone ,' and teurell, ' to cut. ' The part of the tympanum . It may be acute or chronic.
    practical anatomy whose object is the dissection Acute otitis commonly terminates in a few days
    of bones . in a favourable manner , with the aid of anti
    OSTHEXIA . See Ossification . phlogistics . Chronic otitis is almost always ac
    OSTIARIUS, Pylorus. companied by a purulent discharge from the
    OSTITIS , Ostalgitis. meatus auditorius. It is often incurable, and
    OS'TIUM, ooteor, a door. Orifidium , a door may ultimately give occasion to disease of the
    or gate ; -— of the heart, for example. The open- internal ear , and even of the brain .
    ing between the auricle and ventricle of each OTOCEPH'ALUS , from ous , ' the ear, ' and
    side; Ostium reno'sum , that of the right side ; xeqaan , ' head .' A monster, whose ears are in
    Os'tium arteriosum , that of the left. contact or united into one .
    Ostium U'TERI. The vagina;—the neck of OTODYNE , Otalgia.
    the uterus . OTOGLYPHIS , Earpick .
    OSTIUM VENTRICULI DUODENALE seu PYLORI- OTOGRAPHY , Otogra'phia ; from OUS, " the
    CUM seu DEXTRUM seu INFERIUS, Pylorus. ear,' and yoaan, ' a description .' The part of
    OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA , See Tooth . anatomy which describes the ear.
    OS'TREA, Ostreum . The oyster. The oys- OTOLITHI, ( F. ) Otolithes, from ovş, ' the
    ter is a wholesome article of diet, often advised ear , ' and 2.dos, ' a stone .' A white calcareous
    as analeptic and easy of digestion . substance contained in the membranous vesti
    The shells , TESTÆ OSTREÆ , (F.) Écailles bule , and seeming to be suspended in the fluid
    d'huitres, have been received into the Pharma - 1 of the vestibule by means of a number of ner
    OTOLOGY 502 OVUM

    vous filaments proceeding from the auditory the internal is fixed to the uterus by a small
    nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of ligamentous cord , called Ligumen'tum rotun'
    the mammalia would seem to show that they dum ora'rii. The ovaries are composed of a
    are inservient to audition . When of a looser very close,spongy texture , and of small vesicles
    consistence, they are called Otoconies , from ous , filled with a clear fluid ; these have been re
    . the ear, ' and xova, ' dust. ' garded as sq many ova , which detach them
    OTOL'OGY, Otologia ; from ous, the ear,' selves from the ovarium after fecundation , and
    and doyos, ' a discourse. The part of anatomy are carried into the cavity of the uterus by the
    An anatomical trea- Fallopian tube .
    which treats of the ear .
    tise of the ear. OVARIUM NABOTHI, Nabothi glandulæ.
    OTOPLAS'TICE, from cus , the ear, and OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava.
    zaotixoş, " forming.' The operation for re- OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS , Tuba Fallo
    storing a lost ear. piana .
    OTORRHEA , Otirrhea. OVIP'AROUS , Ovip'arus ; from orum , ' an
    OTOT'OMY , Ototo'mia ; from ouş , ' the ear,' egg,' and pa'rio, ' I bring forth .' An epithet
    The part of practical applied to animals which are hatched from
    and TeureTV , to cut . '
    anatomy, which teaches the mode of dissecting eggs outside of the body .
    and preparing the ear. OVISTS , Ovarists.
    OUNCE , Üncia , ovyyia , a weight, equal to OVOLOGY, Oologia.
    the 16th part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th OVULA GRAAFIANA , Folliculi Graafiani
    of a pound troy . It is composed of 8 drachms. -o. Nabothi,Nabothi glandula .
    See Weights and Measures. OVULINE, Decidua reflexa.
    OURAQUE , U rachus. OVUM , wor, Oön , an egg. The eggsof poul
    OURLE , Parotis. try are chiefly used as food . The different
    OUS, Ear . parts are, likewise , employed in medicine.
    OUTRE MER, Lapis lazuli. The shell, Auran'cum , Auran'tum ( caleined ,)
    OUVERTURE CADAVÉRIQUE, Autopsia (F.) Coque d'auf, Coquille d'auf, is esteemed
    cadaverica . an absorbent. The Oil of the egg is emollient,
    OVAL , Ora'lis ; from orum , “ an egg. ' That and is used , externally, to burns and chaps.
    which is round and oblong like an egg . The Yolk of the egg - Vitellum ovi, renders oils,
    The Fossa Ovalis , Valrula seu Vestigium &c. miscible with water.
    Foram'inis ovalis, is a depression observed in Eggs , when light boiled , are easy of diges
    the right auricle of the heart, on the septum , tion ; but, when very hard boiled or fried ,they
    which separates it from the left auricle . It has are more rebellious .
    thick and strong edges , at its upper and fore In phurmary, the white of egg, which con
    part , called Colum'næ foram'inis ova'lis, Isthmus sists chiefly of albumen , is used for clarifying
    Vieusse'nii vel an'nulus fosse oralis; in the syrups, &c .
    fætus called an'nulus foram'inis vel fosse ova'lis. The yolk of egg, ( F.) Jaune d'auf, beaten ur
    The fossa ovalis, in the adult, replaces the with warm water and sugar, and aromatized
    inter-auricular aperture in the septum , which, with orange -flower water, forms an emulsion,
    in the fatus, is called foramen oval, ( F.) Trou which is emollient , and known under the name
    orale , Trou de Botal. -Lait de poule or chicken's milk.
    The term FORAMEN OVALE, (F.) Trou ovale, Anatomists give the name Ora , ( F.) (Eufs,
    has also been given to the foramen obturato- to round vesicles , containing a humour similar
    rium , as well as to the foramen in the inner to the white of egg, which are situate in the
    paries of the middle ear, which opens into the ovaries of the female, and , when fecundated ,
    vestibule , and to the foramen in the sphenoid constitute the rudiments of the fætus. During
    bone, through which the third branch of the gestation, the embryo and its enveloping mem
    fifth pair issues from the cranium . branes retain the name Ovum , (F.) (Euf.
    OʻVARISTS, Orists. Those physiologists The changes induced in the mammalia after
    who think that the phenomena of generation , impregnation greatly resemble those in the
    in the human species and in every species of bird. Dr. Allen Thomson has given the fol
    animal, result from the development of the ova lowing tabular view of the parts that corres
    or ovula of the female, fecundated by the male . pond .
    Not many of the physiologists of the present IN THE QUADRUPED .
    day can be classed among the ovarists .
    OVARI'TIS, Oaritis . The Ovary contains :
    OVARIUM . Diminutive of ovum , ' an egg. ' 1. Graafian vesicles which are filled with fluid ,granules,
    and the proligerous disc , in the centre of which is
    The Orary, Testis muliebris, 7. femincus, Oar placed
    ion , Ooph'oron. The ovaries are the organs in 2. The ovulum orvesicle of Von Baer, consisting of
    which ihe ova are formed in oviparous animals. 3 A yolk , on the surface of which is
    By analogy, the name has been given to the 4. A gerninal membrane, in the middle of which is
    organs which the ancients called the testicles of5. The germinalvesicle, or vesicle of Purkinje.
    the female .
    They are two ovoid bodies, almost as large IN THE BIRD .
    as the testicles in men , placed on each side of The Ovary contains :
    the uterus between the Fallopian tube and 1. Capsules entirely filled with ovula , there being no in
    round ligament, and in the substance of the tervening fluid or proligerous disc.
    broad ligament. Their outer extremity gives The ovula oryolks, consisting of
    attachment to one of the projections of the 4. A germinal membrane or cicatricula , with the
    Limbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube ; and 5. Vesicle of Purkinje in its centre ,
    OVUM HYSTERICUM 503 OXYGEN

    Ovum HYSTERICUM. See Clavus hysteri- ogus , 'acid .' A combination , not acid, of a
    cus . simple body with oxygen.
    OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass , oxa- OXYDATION , Oxydu'lio, Orygena'tion. The
    late of action of oxydizing a body ; that is, of com
    OXAL'IC ACID, Acidum oxali'num, A. sac- bining it with oxygen ; à combination from
    chari'num , A. hydro-carbon'icum , A. acetoselæ ,' which resultsan oxyd.
    A. oxalicum , Acidum sac'chari, Acid of sugar ; OXYDE D’ANTİMOINE SULFURÉ, Oxy
    Acid of sorrel, Carbonous acid , from ouieş , dum stibii sulphuratum .
    6 sorrel.' An acid found in sorrel . It crystal- OXYDE, Cystic . A species of urinary cal
    lizes in long, colourless, quadrangular prisms, culus , having the shape of confused, yellowish ,
    and is generally found, in nature, united with semi-transparent, insipid , very hard crystals.
    lime or potassa . It has been proposed, in a di- When distilled, it furnishes subcarbonate of
    luted state, as a refrigerant, but it is unneces- ammonia, like all azoted matters. It dissolves
    sary ; and, besides, in quantity , it is a viru- in the nitric , sulphuric, phosphoric, and oxalic
    lently acrid poison. It is largely employed for acids.
    cleaning boot tops ; and , as it strongly resem . OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ces, from osvę ,
    bles the sulphate of magnesia, has ofien been sharp ,' and deoxw, ' I see .' A medicine, which
    mistaken for it. Several fatal cases are, indeed , sharpens the sight.
    on record . For its antidotes, & c.- See Poison . OXYDUM PANTIMONII CUM PHOS.
    OXALIDE , Oxalis acetosella . PHATE CALCIS , Antimonial powder.
    OXALIS ACETOSA , Rumex acetosa . OXYDUM FERRI NIGRUM , Black oryd of iron .
    Os'alis ACETOSEL'LA. The systematic name The scales, which fall from iron, when heated ,
    of the Woodsorrel, Cuckowbread, Trifolium ace- consist of iron, combined with oxygen . They
    tosum, Oxitriphyllum , Lujula , Allelu'ja, Aceto- have been used like the chalybeates in general.
    sella, Oxyphyllon, Oxytriphyllon, Panis cu'culi, OXYDUM FERRICUM CRYSTALLIZATUM Nati
    (F. ) Surelle, Oxalide, Pain a Coucou, Alleluia vum , Hæmatites - o. Hydrargyri completuni,
    Family, Géraniæ . Sex. Syst . Decandria De Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum-o . Hydrargyri
    cagynia. The plant has a gratefully acid taste , ' cum , Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum - o . Hydrar.
    and is used in salads. It has been esteemed gyricum præparatum , Hydrargyri oxydum cine
    refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and diuretic . reum - o . Hydrargyrosum , Hydrargyri oxydum
    OXALIUM , Potass, oxalate of. cinereum .
    OXAL'ME, oğuhun. A mixture of vinegar Oxydom Stibu SULPHURA'TUM , Hepar anti
    and salt, from o us, acid, ' and 'uàç , ' salt. ' mo'nii, Crocus metallo'rum , Crocus antimonii,
    OXALURIA , Urine, oxalic . ( F. ) Oxyde d'antimoine sulfuré, Foie d'Anti
    OXELÆ'ON , from ožus , ' acid ,' and churov, moine. This was formerly exhibited in the
    oil. A mixture of vinegar and oil , used as a cure of fevers , but it is now rarely employed.
    6
    condiment. OXYG'ALA , from očus, sour ,' and yala,
    OXINES, oferns, from oğuş, ' acid.' Wine milk . ' Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'nun ,
    already sour, but not yet vinegar. Caracos'mos, is reckoned amongst the delica
    OXÍTRIPHYLLUM , Oxalis acetosella. cies of the Tartars,
    OXODES , Acidulous. OXYG'ARON , from ošus, ' acid ,' and yanor,
    OXOS , Aceticum acidum . garum. ' A composition of garum and vinegar .
    OXYA, Fagus sylvatica . OX'YGEN , Oryge'nium , Empyr'eal air , Pure
    OXYACANTHĂ, Mespilus oxyacantha. air, Vital air, Dephlogis'ticated air, Orygenes,
    OXYBAPHON . See Acetabulum . Ox'ycum , Princip'ium oxyg'enans seu oxyginetic
    OXYCAN'THA GALE'NI, Berberis, Ber'- cum seu acid'ificans seu ac'idum , Elemen'tum
    beris vulga'ris, Spina ac''ida, Crespinus, (F.) acidificum, (F.) Air du feu, from ogus, acid,
    Épine vinette, Vinettier . Family,Berberidez. and yeuvonar,I engender,' i. e. generator of
    Sex . Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The Bur'- acids; and such it was believed to be , erclu .
    berry. The fruit of the berries are gratefully sively, at theperiod when the name was given.
    to it. This is now known not to be the case .
    acid, and moderately astringent.
    By preparing an alcoholic extract of the root Oxygen is largely distributed in nature . It ex:
    and adding water to it, a pulverulent brown ists in the air, in water, in several acids, all.
    substance is thrown down, which when dis- the oxyds and all the salts , except in some'am
    solved in alcohol and evaporated yields the bit- moniacal salts, and in vegetable and animal
    ter principle , Berberine. It is an excellent sto substances, & c. It is obtained by decomposing
    machic in the dose of 2, 5, or 10 grains . the peroxyd of manganese or the chlorate of
    OXYCOCCOS , Vaccinium oxycoccos. potassa by heat and in close vessels .
    OX'YCRATE , Oxycra'tum , Posca , Phusca, in Although oxygen , in the state of admixture
    which it is found in the atmosphere is of
    from oğuş, ' acid ,' and zoav , : I mix . A mix. vital importance, yet it cannot be respired in a
    ture of vinegar and water; frequently used in pure state with impunity. Animals die in it.
    medicine as refrigerant and antiseptic. long before the whole of the oxygen is con
    OXYCRO'CEUM (EMPLAS'TRUM ,) from sumed.
    ošus , ' acid ,' and xnozos ,' saffron .'. A plaster, The properties of oxygen seem to be stimu
    composed of suffron , pitch , colophony, yellow lant. It increases the force and velocity of the
    wur, turpentine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, pulse , and has, accordingly ,been used in cases,
    myrrh, olibanum , and mastic. It was employed of chronic debility, chlorosis , asthma, scrofula
    asa strengthening plaster. dropsy, paralysis, & c . It requires to be diluted
    OXYCUM , Oxygen . with from 10 to 20 parts of atmospheric air ;
    OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum , from one to two quarts being given during the day.
    OXYGENATION 504 PACHEABLEPHAROSIS

    OXYGENATION , Oxydation . The term has been used synonymously with


    OXYGENÈSES. A name given by Baumes nyçtalopia (q . v.)
    to diseases which he attributed to disordered OXYOSPHREYSIA, ſrom očus, ' acute ,' and
    oxygenation . 004970ış,‘smell.' Acuteness of the sense of smell.
    OXYGÖLYCUS, Oxyg'lycy, Oxyg’lyces, Mulsa OXYPHLEGMA'SIA , očuqaeymaola, Acuta
    acida, Ace'tum mulsum dulce. Prepared by et vehemens inflammatio . A very violent in
    macerating and boiling honey.comb (from which flammation .
    the greater part of the honey has been taken ) OXYPHO'NIA, Vox acu'ta, from ošus, sharp ,'
    in water, and adding vinegar. An oxymel. and quvn, ' voice. Parapho'nia clangens, P.
    OXYLAPATHUM , Rumex acutus. ulcero'sa , Leptopho'nia. A shrill and squalling
    OX'YMEL, Apom'eli, Mel acetu'tum , from voice ; frequenily, a symptom of morbid affec
    ošvş , ' acid , ' and jean, ' honey Honey and tion of the larynx.
    vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. OXYPHOENICON, Tamarindus.
    SIMPLE OXYMEL , Oxymel simplex , is prepared OXYPHYLLON , Oxalis acetosella.
    as follows; (Mellis despumati Ibij, acidi acetici OXYREG MIA , acidus ructus, from ogus,
    ibj. Boil in a glass vessel, over a slow fire , to sour,' and epevyo , ' I belch . ' Acid eructations.
    6

    a proper thickness. Ph. L.) It is cooling ;- OX'YRRHOVINON , froin ošus, ' acid ,' and
    externally, detergent. podov, ' a rose . ' A composition of vinegar and
    OXYMEL ÆRUGINIS , Linimentum Æruginis. roses. ( 01. rosat. 3ij , acet. rosat. Zj .) Used
    OXYMEL Col'chici, Oxymel of meadow saf. as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas.
    fron , (F.) Orymel colchique. Rad. colch . re- OXYS , Acetum , Acute .
    cent. in laminus tenues secte zj, aceti destillati OXYSAC'CHARON, from ošus, ' acid ,' and
    lbj, mollis despumat. pond. Ibij. Macerate in a oaxxapor, sugar.' A mixture of sugar and
    gentle heat for 48 hours. Press and boil the vinegar. It was called Oxysaccharum romiti'.
    liquor with the honey to the thickness ofa syrup; dum ,when it held in solution the glass of anti
    stirring with a wooden spoon . Ph. D.) It is mony ; and Orysaccharum scillit'icum , when it
    expectorant and diuretic . Dose zj in gruel. contained squills.
    OXYMEL COLCHIQUE, O. colchici-o . of OXYSAL DIAPHORETICUM ANGELI
    Meadow saffron , O. colchici. SALÆ . A preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace
    OXYMEL SCILLÆ , Oxymel of squill, Mel scillæ , tate of potass exposed to the atmosphere; and ,
    O.xymel scillit'icum . ( Mellis despumai. fbiij, aceti consequently , fallen into a state of deliquium.
    scilla Ibij. Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle Orfila .
    fire to a proper consistence . Ph . L.) It is re- OXYTARTARUS , Potassæ acetas.
    puted to be expectorant and diuretic. Dose 3j. OXYT'OCOS, from očus, quick ,' and TiXTW,
    OXYMEL OF Squill , O. scillæ. • I bring forth .' Oxytoc"'ic. A medicine, which
    OXYMYRRAINE , Ruscus. promotes delivery.- Dioscorides.
    OXYMYRSINE , Ruscus. OXYTRIPHYLLON , Oxalis acetosella .
    OXYNGIUM , Adeps suilla. OYSTER SHELLS, Ostreæ testæ .
    OXYNI'TRON , from o& us , ' acid ,' and vitpov,
    OZÆNA, Cory za enton'ica, C. ozeno'sa ,
    • nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed chiefly Coryza virulen'ta ; from ocw, ' Í smell badly . '
    of vinegar and nitre, and recommended by (F.) Ozène. An affection of the pituitary mem
    Aëtius. brane , which gives occasion to a disagreeable
    OXYNOSEMA , Acute disease. odour, similar to that of a crushed bed-bug :
    OXYNOSOS, Acute disease. hence the name Punais, by which the French
    OXYNUSOS , Acute disease. designate one labouring under ozæna. It is,
    OXYOʻPJA , Acies visûs, from očus, ' quick ,' sometimes, owing to caries of the bones ; but
    and wry , sight. Excessive acuteness of the is, perhaps, most frequently dependent upon
    sense of sight. Instances have occurred , where syphilitic ulceration of the pituary membrane,
    persons could see the stars in the daytime. The with or without caries of the bones of the nose .
    cause is seated in great sensibility of the retina. OZENE , Ozæna.

    P.

    P. -A contraction of Pugillus. whitishı , or yellowish bodies, sometimes sepa


    P. Æ . A contraction of Partes See Abbrevia- rate, at others united like a bunch of grapes,
    æquales. tion . which are observed in several parts of the dura
    P.P. A contraction of Pulis and pia mater. They receive vessels, but ap
    patrum . parently no nerves . Their texture and uses
    PAB'ULUM, Trophè, Phorbē, Alimen'tum . are unknown . A considerable number is ob
    Food , aliment. served in the longitudinal sinus, covered by the
    The animal heat and animal spirits - unmean- internal membrane.
    ing terms were formerly considered the Pab- PACHÆMIA , Pachya'mia , from maquç,
    ulum vitæ. thick ,' and 'awua, ' blood . Too great thickness
    PACCHIO'NI, GLANDS OF , Glan'dulæ of the blood .
    Duræ Matris, G. dura meningis, Tuber'cula PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS , Pacheableph'ara,
    parra duræ matris, Corſpora glandifor'mia dura Pachybleph'aron , Pachyblepharo'sis, Pachytes,
    matris, (F.) Granulutions cerébrales. Small, from razus, thick ,' and segapor,' an eyelid .'
    PACHETOS 505 PALATE

    A name given , by some authors, to a thickening / which scarcely admits of definition. It is gene
    of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excre- rally symptomatic ,andis called acule, (F.) aigue,
    scences formedon their margins. It is the same when very violent: pungent, (F.) pongitive ,
    affection as that which Sauvages designates when it resembles that which would be pro
    Cali'go àPacheablepharo'si. duced by a sharp instrument run into thepart:
    PACHETOS. See Laqueus. heavy, (ř .) gravatide, when attended with a
    PACHYMIA , Pachemia. sensation of weight; tensive, when the part
    PACHYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis. seems distended ; lan'cinating,when occurring
    PACHYNTICA , Incrassantia. in shoots ; lac' erating or tearing, when the part
    PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis. seems to be tearing; burning, (F.), brûlante,
    PAD, ( S.) Pojado, from paja, í straw ,' Plu . when resembling that produced by a burn , &c.
    maceolus, Pulviilus, Pardum pulvi'nar; -a PAIN , see Triticum - p. à Coucou, Oxalis
    cushion ; a little cushion ; a Junk ; (F.) Cous- acetosella-p.de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot
    sinet. Small bags, filled with feathers, wool, -p. de Pourceau , Cyclamen .
    hair, bran , chaff', & c. They are used to com- PAINS, AFTER . See P.labour.
    press or support certain parts . Pains, Labour pains, Parturien'tis dolores,
    In the treatment of fractures, soft pads or Odin , Dolo'res ad partum , Mal d'Enfant, Dou
    cushions, called by the French Remplissages, are leurs. The uneasy sensations that accompany
    placed between the splints and the fractured labour, and are owing to uterine contraction.
    limb, in order that the prominent parts may not The pains that precede actual delivery, and are
    be chafed by the splints. simply employed in dilating the os uteri, are
    PADNOON , Bit noden . called grinding ; those which extrude the child,
    PAD'UA , MINERAL WATERS OF Near forcing. Those which take place in the first days
    Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal, sul. after delivery, and are employed in forcing away
    phureous springs; the hottest of which is 1889 coagula, & c ., are termed After pains, Dolo'res
    Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, Bat- post partum , D. puerpera'rum , ( F. ) Tranchées
    taglia and Montegrotto . utérines .
    PADUS , Prunus padus. " TO TAKE A Pain ," - " To try a pain ," — is to
    PÆDAN CHONE, from mais, “ a child , ' and make an examination per vaginam , during la
    ayxo , ' I strangle . ' Angi'na Sicca. Name of a bour, to discover its progress,character, & c.
    fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M. A. The French term the pains, which precede
    Severinus ; -probably the Cynanche Trachealis, and announce labour, mouches ; those which
    (q v
    . .) or Cynanche Maligna, ( q. v . ) accompany it , douleurs ; and those which oc
    PÆDARTHROCACÊ , Spina ventosa. cur immediately afterwards, tranchées ou co
    PÆDATROPH'IA , from rais, raidos, a liques .
    child, ' a , privative, and toogn , ' nourishment.' PAINT, from pinctum , painted ,' ( I.) pinto,
    Atrophy of children . ( F. ) peint. Pigmen'tum , Fucus, ( F.) Fard . A
    PÆDATROPHIA GLANDULOSA , Scrofula. name given to different substances, employed
    PÆDERASTIA , from rais, ' a boy ,' and for embellishing the complexion, or rendering
    &qws, ' love ' The love of boys. A disgraceful the skin softer. The substances most com
    passion, common in ancient times, but now un- monly used for this purpose are :-the Sub
    known . nitrute of Bismuth , ( F.) Blanc de fard. A
    PÆDIATRIA, Pædiatrica , from mais, a spirituous solution of Benzoin, precipitated by
    child ,' and latesia, medical management.' water, and forming the Virgin's.milk, (F.) Lait 1

    Treatment of the diseases of children . virginal; the red or rouge of the carthamus ;
    PÆDICTERUS, Icterus infantum . Spanish white , the oxides of lead , tin , and mer
    PÆDOPHLEBOTOMIA , from mais , la cury, vermilion , red saunders , & c.
    child , paey , ' a vein ,' and roun, incision .' All paints may be said to be noxious. They
    Venasectio puero'rum . Bleeding performed on injure the skin, obstruct perspiration ; and,
    children . thus , frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous
    PÆDOT'RIBA , Min'ister Gymnas'ta, from affections. See Cosmetic .
    mais, ' a child ,' and Tpu3w , • I train.' In ancient Paint, Indian , Sanguinaria canadensis.
    gymnastics, the officer acquainted with all the PALÆSTRA, Gymnasium .
    prescribed exercises, and who carried them PALAIS, Palate.
    into effect, according to the directions of the PALATE , Pala'tum , Hypero'a, Uraniscos, the
    superior. Roof of the mouth , Fossa Palati'na, Palatum
    PÆONIA, P. officina'lis, Glycys'ida, Hæma- stab'ile, (F.) Palais. The upper part of the
    go gum ,Pæony, male and female. (F.) Pivoine, cavity ofthe mouth ; a kind of parabolic vault,
    Pione. The root, flowers, and seeds were formed by the two superior maxillary bones
    long esteemed powerful medicines. They are and the two palate bones, covered with a thick
    feebly astringent, and have been considered and dense mucous membrane : bounded, before
    to be narcotic and antispasmodic. They have and at the sides, by the superior dental arch ;
    been given, particularly, in intermittents and and, behind, by the velum palati. A whitish
    epilepsy, but are not now used. The flowers line runs along the middle , from before to be
    are called Rosæ benedictæ , R. regiæ . hind ; at the anterior extremity of which is a
    PAIDIA , Infancy. tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice of
    PAIDION , Infans. the anterior palatine canal. The arteries of the
    PAIGIL , Primula veris. palate and corresponding gums proceed from
    PAIN , (old F.) painer, ' to torment ;' Sax. the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitar, labial, and
    pin : Dolor, Algos, Alge'ma, Alge'do, Alge'sis, buccal branches. The veins follow a similar
    Od'ynë,(F. ) Douleur. Å disagreeable sensation, course. The nerves are given off from the pala
    64
    PALATE 506 PALETTE

    tine , facial, infra -orbitar, superior dental, and posterior part of the palate. It is formed by
    from the naso-palatine ganglion . the palate and superior maxillary bones , ascends
    PALATE, Artific''IAL, ( F.) Obturateur du Pa- between these two bones ; and , in its course ,
    luis. A plate of tortoise shell, silver, &c. , used gives rise to two or three small accessary pa.
    to close the deficiency of the palate in cases of latine canals, which open above the tuberosity
    such affections. of the palate bone. It transmits the nerves and
    Palate , Sort, Velum pendulum palati . vessels which bear its name . The foramen is
    PALATE, Pallatine, Palati'nus, from pala- called, F. Palati'num poste'rius, F. Palato -mar
    tum, ' the palate.' Relating or belonging to the illa're, F. alveola're poste'rius.
    palate . The PALATINE or PALATAL ARTERIES are two
    The PALATE BONE , Os Palati, Os Basilu're, in number. They are distinguished into , 1. The
    (F.) Os Palatin ,Os du Palais, is a small bone superior palatal or palatine, Palatina descen'
    of an irregular shape, situate at the posterior dens or Palato-maxillary, which leaves the in
    part of the nasal fossæ and palate . It seems ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit ;
    formed by the union of two bony plates joined descends into the pterygo -maxillary fissure,
    at right angles to each other; so that one is in- and enters the posterior maxillary canal. Ils.
    ferior and horizontal ;-the other, superior and branches are distributed to the velum palati
    vertical. and the nasal fossæ. 2. The inferior or ascend
    The horizontal or palatine portion is quadri- ing palatine or palutal, which is very small , and
    lateral. Its upper surface forms part of the separates from the facial near its origin. It
    nasal fossæ ; the lower, of the palatine arch , passes along the lateral and superior part of the
    and contains the inferior orifice of the posterior pharynx, between the pillars of the velum pa
    palatine canal. Its anterior edge is articulated lati, and divides into a number of ramusculi,
    with the palatine process of the superior max. which are distributed to the pharynx, the cor
    illary bone; the posterior is free and sharp. It responding tonsil, the Eustachian iube, and the
    gives attachment to the velum palati, and pre- velum palati.
    sents an eminence, which, when joined with The Palatine or PALATAL NERVES , Gutturo
    one on the opposite side , forms the posterior palatins ( Ch .,) are three in number; and arise
    nasal spine. Its inner edge is articulated with from the inferior part of the spheno -palatine
    the corresponding bone; its outer is confounded ganglion . 1. The great palatine, Palatin in
    with the vertical portion . férieur (Ch.,) is situate anteriorly to the two
    The rertical or ascending portion has the others, and descends into the posterior palatine
    form of a long square. The inner surface forms canal; gives a nasal filament and a stuphyline
    part of the outer paries of the nasal fossæ . Its filament, and is distributed on the palate .
    outer surface is unequal,and is articulated with 2. The middle palatine,Guttural (Ch. ,) which
    the superior maxillary bone ; behind, it pre- arises behind the preceding : enters one of the
    sents a vertical groove, which forms part of the accessary palatine canals, and is distributedto
    posterior palatine canal; and, above , a small the tonsils and velum palati. 3. The liule pala
    free surface, which looks into the zygomatic tine nerve, situate stillmore backward than the
    fossa. Its anterior edge is united with the su- last, which loses itself by several filaments in
    perior maxillary bone ; the posterior is unequal, the uvula, tonsils, and follicles of the palatine
    and rests on the internal ala of the pterygoid membrane.
    process. The angle, which it forms by uniting PALATO - PHARYNGIEN , Palato -pharyn
    with the posterior edge of the horizontal por- geus - p. Salpingeus-p. Salpingeus, Circum
    tion , presents a very prominent pyramidal emi- Hexus- p . Salpingien , Circumflexus.
    nence, called the tuberosity of the palate bone. PALATO -PHARYNGEUS, Pharyn ' go- sta
    Its upper margin is surmounted by two emi- phyli'nus, Staphyli'no-pharyngeus, Thyro-pha
    nences ;-the one, anterior, called the orbitar Tyn 'go-staphyli'nus, part of the Stylo -pharyngien
    process ;-the other, posterior, the sphenoid pro- (Ch.,) Hyp'ero-pharyngeus, (F.) Palato-pharyn
    cess. These two processes are separated by an gicn . A membranous muscle, broader at its
    almost circular notch , which the sphenoid bone middle than at its extremities, and situate ver
    forms into a foramen ,called the spheno-palatine. tically in the lateral paries of the pharynx and
    This bone appears to be developed from a velum palati. It includes the peristaphylo
    single point of ossification. It is articulated pharyngeus, pharyngo -staphylinus, and ihyro
    with the sphenoid, ethmoid , the cornua sphe- staphylinus of Winslow . When the two pala
    noidalia , superior maxillary bone,the inferior to.pharyngei contract together , they depress the
    spongy bone, the vomer, and its fellow . velum. They elevate and shorten the pharynx,
    The Palatine MEMBRANE is the fibro -mucous and act principally in deglutition .
    membrane that lines the palate of roof of the PALATUM MOLLE , Velum pendulum
    mouth . palati .
    The PALATINE Canals or Ducts . These are PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rotes , Ochroma , ( F. )
    two in number. The anterior , Ductus incisi'- Paleur. Whiteness of complexion . It appears
    pus, vel Nasa'lo-palati'nus, is situate at the an- to be owing to a diminution of the blood circu.
    terior part of the palatine arch , and is formed lating in the capillary vessels, and is often a
    by thetwo superior maxillary bones. It is single sign of disease .
    beneath , but opens above by two apertures, one PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis .
    into each nasal fossa. The foramen is called the PALETTE ( F.) , Palmula, Fer'ula . An in
    Fora'men incisi'rum , vel F.Palatinum ante'rius, strument of percussion. It has the shape of a
    F. Alveola'rē ante'rius, F. cæcum ossis maxilla'- spatula with a long handle ; is made of very
    ris superio'ris . light, white wood , and has been proposed , by
    The posterior palatine canal is situate at the Percy , for what is called the Massage, a kind !

    1
    PALETTE 507 PALPEBRA

    of pressure or kneading, exerted by the hand whole palm of the hand, and adheres, somewhat
    on the body and limbs, to excite the tone of the strongly, to the skin of the part. The palmar
    skin and subjacent tissues . ligaments are small, very numerous, fibres fas .
    PALETTĒ , Cup , Xiphoid cartilage . ciæ, which unite the different bones of the car.
    PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint of pus and metacarpus.
    thin , scooped wood ; having the shape of the PALMAR MUSCLES. These are three in number.
    hand , and used to support the hand in certain 1. Palmaris Magnus, Flexor carpi radialis,
    cases — when burnt, for example-in order to Radialis internus, Epitrochlo-métacarpien ,(F.)
    prevent the fingers from being deformed by the Palmaire grand, Radial antérieur. A long fusi
    cicatrices . form muscle , which passes obliquely froin the
    PALETTE DE CABANIS . An instrument , in- inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper
    vented by Cabanis of Geneva, to draw out the extremity of the second metacarpal bone . It
    extremity of the stylet when passed into the bends the hand .
    nose , in the operation for fistula lachrymalis 2. Palmaris Longus, Latescentis chordæ , Ul.
    It is composed of two platesof silver, pierced naris grac'ilis, Epitrochlo-carpi-palmaire (F.)
    with several holes, and movable on each other. Palmaire long , P.grêle . This muscle is situate
    To use it, the instrument must be carried into on the inner side of the last. It is very slender,
    the nose, so that the holes of the two plates cor- and passes from the inner tuberosity of the hu .
    respond. When the end of the stylet is re - merus to the anterior annular ligament of the
    ceived into one of these holes , it is pinched , by carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which
    sliding one of the plates on the other, and is it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres.
    easily withdrawn. It stretches the palmar aponeurosis , and bends
    PALEUR, Paleness. the hand .
    PALIMPISSA . See Pinus sylvestris. 3. Palmaris Brevis, P. Breris vel Caro quad
    PALINCOTESIS , Recrudescentia. ra'ta , Palmaire cutané , Carpia'us, (F.) Pal.
    PALINDROMIA , nakivdoquia , from naliv, maire cutané. A small, thin, quadrilateral mus
    • again , and doonos, a course .' This word cle ; situate before the thenar eminence. It
    signifies, with some, a reflux of Auids from thepasses from the annular ligament of the carpus
    exterior towards the interior, and , according to
    to the integuments of the palm of the hand ,
    others , the relapse of an affection -- the recur-
    which it wrinkles by its contractions.
    rence of a paroxysm . Recursio, Repetitio. PALMAR ARCHES, ( F. ) Arcades ou Crosses
    PALINGENESIA, Regeneration . palmaires. The curved extremities of the ra .
    PALLIA'TION , Palliatio , from pallia're , dial and cubital arteries in the palm of the land.
    to cover, mask ;' from pallium , ' a mantle.' There are two palmar arches: —the one cubital
    The act of palliating, that is , of causing the or superficial,-grande Arcade palmaire of
    symptoms of a disease to mitigate, without Chaussier, furnishes, at its convexity towards
    euring it. The medical art can frequently , the fingers, the collateral arteries of the fingers,
    only moderate the symptoms of a disease, pre- and the internal collateral of the thumb ; the
    vent it from making progress, prolong the days other, the rudial, profound, or deep-seuted, -
    of the patient, and diminish his sufferings. Petite Arcade palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in
    This is a palliative treatment. the palm of the hand beneath the tendons of
    PAL'LÍATIVE , Palliati'vus, Antipath'ic, the fexor muscles of the fingers. It gives some
    Enantiopathic. A remedy or mode of treament, small branches only to the surrounding parts.
    which only relieves a disease , without curing it. PALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales ma
    PALLIVULUS , Blafard. nus.
    PALLOR , Paleness. PALMULA, Date , Palette.
    PALMUS, Palpitation - p.Plumbarius, Colic,
    PALM , Palma, Vola , Thenar, Ages, Agos'tus,
    (F.) Puume de la muin. The hollow or inside metallic - p. Vomitus, Vomiting,
    of the hand . It is limited , without, by the the- PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas.
    nar eminence , which answers to the thumb ; PALOS DE CALENTURA , Cinchona.
    within , by the hypothenar eminence , which an- PAL'PEBRA, Bleph'aron , ( F.) Paupière .
    swers to the little finger ; above, by the wrist. The eyelids are two movable vela, situate in
    joint : and , below , by the four fingers. front of the eye ; which by their separation
    PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus communis . permit the organ to receive the impression of
    Palma Humilis, Musi paradisiaca. light, or by their greater or less occlusion pro
    PALMAIRE CUTANÉ, Palmaris brevis -- p. tect it fron the influence of too great light, or
    Grand, Palmaris magnus - p. Grêle, Palmaris from the action ofextraneous bodies .
    longus - p. Long, Palmaris longus. They are separated , above, from the fore .
    PALMAR , Palma'ris ,from palma, ' the palm head , by the eyebrows ; and , below , are con
    of the hand. That which concerns the palm founded with the cheeks . They are distin
    of the hand .' The palm has, sometimes,been guished into upper and lower. The former is
    divided in three regions, called palmar. 1. The much broader and more movable than the lat.
    external palmur region corresponds to the the. ter. They are separated by a transverse cleft ;
    nar eminence. 2. The internal palmar region and their edges are thick, and furnished with
    is formed by the hypothenar eminence: and, the cilia or eyelashes. Supported by the tarsal
    3. The middle palmar region is the hollow of cartilages, they unite at the extremities of the
    the hand , ( F.) Creur de la main . transverse diameter of the orbit, forming two
    PALMAR A Poneuro'sis. A strong triangular angles ,-the innermost being called the greater
    aponeurosis, which arises from the inferior ten angle of the eye, or inner or greater canthus ;
    don of the palmaris brevis , and the anterior an . the other,the lesser or erternal angle or canthus.
    nolar ligament of the carpus. It covers the The eyelids are formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid
    PALPEBRÆ SUPERIORIS PRIMUS 508 PANCREAS

    texture : 2. Of amuscular membrane,-a por- and ranyo , ' I strike.' General paralysis . Palsy
    tion of the orbicularis : 3. Of a particular of the whole body.
    fibrous membrane : 4. Of the tarsi : and 5. Of PANACEA, from παν,, " all , ' and axeonar,' I
    a mucous membrane ,-a part of the tunica con- cure .' Universa'le remedium , Punchres'tos. A
    junctiva. pretended universal remedy. There is no such
    Their vessels and nerves are called Palpe. thing in existence.
    bral, ( q. v . ) PANACEA Ducis HolsatiÆ , Potassæ sulphas
    PALPEBRA INFERIOR ExtrorsuM FLEXA , Ec- -p. Duplicata, Potassa sulphas--p. Lapsorum ,
    tropion - p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris . Arnica montana-p . Mercurialis , Hydrargyri
    PALPEBRÆ SUPERIORIS PRIMUS, Le submurias - p. Mercurii rubri , Hydrargyri ni.
    vator palpebræ superioris. trico-oxydun - p. Vegetabilis, Crocus.
    PAL'PEBRAL , Palpebra'lis, from palpebra, PANA'DA. Diminutive of Ital . Pane,
    the eyelid .' That which belongs or relates to bread, (Lat. Panis,) Pana'ta, Panateľla.
    the eyelid . Bread, boiled in water to the consistence of
    The PalPEBRAL ARTERIES are those distri- pap. Sometimes administered to the sick .
    buted to the eyelids . They are two in nun- PANARIS, Paronychia.
    ber ; an upper and a lower . The former arises PANARITIUM , Paronychia.
    from the ophthalmic, a little beyond the carti- PANARIUM , Paronychia.
    laginous pulley of the greater oblique muscle PANATA , Panada .
    and descends towards the upper eyelid , over PANATELLA , Panada.
    which it is distributed . The latter arises at the PANAX COSTINUM , Pastinaca opoponax
    side of, and a little behind, the preceding, and -p. Heracleum , Pastinaca opoponax.
    sends its ramifications into the lower eyelid and PANAX PASTINACEA,
    Pastinaca opoponax.
    the neighbouring parts. The palpebral veins Panax QUINQUEFO'LIUM , Ginseng, Ninsing.
    have a similar arrangement; except that some Family. Araliacea. Ser. Syst. Polyandria Mo
    of them open into the temporal and labial veins. næcia. This plant grows in Tartary and North
    The PalPEBRAL NERVES, or Nerces of the America . The root is about the thickness of the
    Eyelids, arise , particularly , from the frontal little finger ; an inch or two in length, often di
    and lachrymal branches ; from the ophthalmic viding into two branches; of a whitish - yellow
    nerve of Willis ; from the facial , nasal , and colour; wrinkled on the surface, and of a com
    from the infra -orbitar branch of the superior pact, almost horny, texture. It has no smell ,
    maxillary perve. but a very sweet taste , combined with a slight
    The PalpebrAL LIGAMENTs are distinguish- degree of aromatic bitterness. It is much
    ed into superior and inferior. Some anato- esteemed by the Chinese ,who pay a high price
    mists, with Winslow , have described, under for it. It is a gentle and agreeable stimulant.
    this name , the fibrous layer, which is attached, PANBIO'MA, Pambio'ma, from næv, “all, and
    --on the one hand , to the outer part of the 110 $, ' life .' The original animating principle.
    circumference of the orbit ; on the other, to The general principle of life .
    the tarsal cartilages. PANCHRESTOS, Panacea .
    Puriform PALPEBRAL Flux. A puriform PANCHYMAGOʻGUM , Panta go'gon , from
    discharge , furnished by the glands of Meibo- mar, “ all,' zumos , juice,' and Q70 , I drive
    mius , when inflamed ; and to which Scarpa at- away A medicine, which the ancients be
    tributes fistula lachrymalis, in many cases. lieved capable of purging away all sorts of
    PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum . humours.
    PALPEBRARUM APERIENS ' RECTUS, PancuYMAGOGUM MINERALE, Hydrargyri sub
    Levator palpebræ superioris — p. Duo musculi, murias .
    Orbiculares palpebrarum . PANCCENOS, Epidemy.
    PALPITATIO CORDIS TREPIDANS, Car- PANCREAS ,' from nav, “ all ,' and xpells ,
    diotromus . flesh; ' i . e. quite fleshy. Callid reas, Totum
    PALPITATIO MEMBRO'rum . A term used by carno'sum , Glandula saliva'lis abdom'inis, Pan
    Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs. cré'nē. A gland ,deeply seated in the abdomen ,
    PALPITATION, Palpita'tio, Palmus, Pal- and lying transversely on the vertebral column,
    pita'tio Cordis, Subsultio, Clonus Palpita'tio, between the three curvatures of the duodenum ,
    ( F. ) Palpitation, P. du Cæur. A name, given behind the stomach, and to the right of the
    to the pulsations of the heart, when they be- spleen . Its left extremity is called the tail of
    come stronger, more extensive, or more sensi. the pancreas; it is smaller than the right, which
    ble to the individual, than ordinarily. is called the head . At its right portion, it has,
    Palpitations occur in a number of affections. almost always, a greater or less prolongation ;
    They are, sometimes, owing to organic disease called, by Winslow and some others, the lesser
    of the heart, hypertrophy , inflammation , &c.; pancréas, ( F.) Petil pancréas, Pancreas of Aselli,
    at others, to a disease in some other viscus ; Pancreas minus.
    whilst , frequently, they are merely nervous . The pancreas resembles the salivary glands
    PALPITATION is sometimes felt in the arte- in structure, and has been called the Abdomi
    ries, constituting the Palpitatio Arterio'sa. nal Salivary Gland . It is composed of lobes
    PALPITATION DU CEUR , Palpitation, and granulated lobules , distinct and united
    PALSY , Paralysis . by cellular tissue. From each of the granu
    PALUDAPIUM , Apium graveolens. lations of these lobes arise the radicles of its
    PALUS , Marsh - p. Sanctus, Guaia cum. excretory duct , which are very delicate, and
    PAMBIOMA , Panbioma. are united like veins. The duct itself , Ductus
    PAMOISON , Syncope . Pancreaticus, Canal or Duct of Wirsung or
    PAMPLE’GIA , Panplegia ; from ruv, “ all,' ; Wirsungus, ( F.) Canal pancréutique, proceeds
    PANCREATEMPHRAXIS 509 PAFATER

    in a serpentine course into the substance of PANNIC'ULUS . Diminutive of Pannus,


    the organ ; and, when it has reached behind cloth. A piece of fine cloth . Pterygion , ( q. v . )
    the second portion of the duodenum , it be . PANNICULUS ADIPOSUS , Cellular membrane
    comes free, and is of the size of a crow's quill. p. Cordis, Pericardium - p . Hymenæus, Hy men .
    It opens at an acute angle into the choledoch The PÁNNICULUS Carno'sus, Tunica carnosa,
    duct, or proceeds close to it, opening separately Muscular Web, Mantle, is a general covering,
    into the duodenum . The Pancreatic arteries found in the quadruped, and formed by a thin ,
    are very numerous and small. They proceed subcutaneousmuscle ,which serves to move the
    from the cæliac , splenic, superior mesenteric, skin . It exists only in certain parts of the hu
    right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ventriculi, and man body ; as in the forehead , where it is formed
    left capsular. Its veins open into the radicles by the occipito -frontalis ; in the neck , by the
    of the vena porta ; and , particularly, into the platysma myoides; and , in the scrotum , by the
    splenic and lesser mesenteric. Its nerves ema- cremaster muscle.
    nate from the solar plexus, and its lymphatics PANNUS. A piece of cloth. This word has
    pass into ganglions , to which it gives its name. several other meanings, which are equivocal.
    The pancreas secretes the pancreatic juice , It means a tent for a wound. Also, a speck in
    Succus seu Liquor Pancreaticus, Lympha Pan-the eye, resembling a piece of rag ; and an
    creatis, which resembles the saliva. irregular nevus or mark on the skin.- Castelli.
    PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS , from nayzo &aş , PANOCHIA , Bubo .
    ' the pancreas ,' and arecoagow , ' I obstruct.' Ob- PANOPHO'BIA, Pantopho'bia, Athym'ia,
    struction of the pancreas . Pavor , (F.) Frayeur nocturne, Souci, from lar,
    PANCREATIC SARCOʻMA OF ABER- the god Pan,' and gopos,' fear. A panic or
    NETHY, Emphy'ma Sarco'ma pancreaticum . fear -- inspired by the god Pan, according to the
    A tumour, in irregular masses,connected by opinion of the ancients. Some derive it froin
    loose fibrous substance, like the irregular masses stav, ' all ,' and poßos ,' fear.'This is sometimes
    of the pancreas . Found in the cellular sub- inorbid, and is a symptom of melancholy.
    stance ; but, more usually, in lymphatic glands : PANOPHTHALMI'TIS ; from uv, all,'
    chiefly in the female breast. and ophthalmitis ; inflammation of the eye . In
    PANCREATI'TIS. Inflammation of the pan- flammation of the whole eye .
    creas;-an affection, the phenomena of which PANPLEGIA , Pamplegia .
    are not well known to us. PANSEMENT, Dressing.
    PAN'CREATOID , from nayxpects, the pan PANSIES , Viola tricolor.
    creas ,' and sidos , ' appearance . A tumour, re PANSPERMIA , from zav , ' all , ' and oneona,
    sembling the pancreas in structure.-Maunoir..sperm .' The theory of Dissemination of Germs,
    PANORENE , Pancreas. according to which, ova , or gerins, are dissemi
    PANDALITIUM , Paronychia. nated over all space , undergoing development
    PANDEMIOS, Epidemny. under favourable circumstances.
    PANDICULATION , Pandicula'tio , Scodine'- PANTAGOGON , Panchymagogum .
    ma or Scordine'ma, Scordinismos, Clonus Pan- PANTICES, Intestine.
    dicula'tio, from pandiculari, “ to stretch one's PANTING , Anhelatio .
    self,' Stretching, Hal'ices ( Pl .) An action ,which PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous.
    consists in elevating the upper limbs, and throw PANTOPHOBIA ,Hydrophobia ,Panophobia.
    ing the head and trunk backwards , at the same PANUS , Phygethlon - p. Faucium , Stoma
    time that the lower limbs are extended. This topanus - p. Inguinalis , Bubo.
    series of motions of the extensor muscles, is, in PAP OF THE THROAT, Uvula.
    some measure , independent of the will, and is PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tube
    accompanied with yawning, which is equally rosum .
    involuntary . In the state of health , stretching PAPA'VER , P. somniferum , Mecon . The
    occurs before and after sleep ; especially when White Poppy, Papaver sati'vum . ( F.) Parot des
    we are fatigued . It is , also, observed at the Jardins. Family, Papaveraceæ. Set. Syst . Po
    onset ofcertain paroxysms of fever, hysteria, & c. lyandria Monogynia .
    PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre - p . Mari The CAPSULE OF THE WHITE Poppy, Codia ,
    time, Eryngium mariticum . xudia or xwdkla , Scaphion , oxaqior, Papav'eris
    PAN'ICUM ITAL'ICUM , Italian Panic Caput vel Cap'sula, is used in fomentation, as
    Grass, Indian Millet, Guincá Corn , Barbadoes anodyne and relaxant, to inflamed or ulcerated
    Millet, Milium In'dicum , Sorghum , Holcus Sorg- parts. The expressed oil of the seeds is called
    hum, (F.) Millet des oiseauł. Nat. Ord. Gra- by the French Huile d'Eillette. It is from this
    mineæ . The seed - Mil'ii Sem'ina - are much poppy that we procure
    esteemed in Italy , being a constant ingredient OPIUM ; called , also, Opium Theba'icum , Me
    in the soups, and made into a variety of forms co'nium, Opion , Manus Dei, Afrion , Amphiam ,
    for the table. .Afium , Osoron , Lau'danum . It is the milky
    PANICUM MILI'CEUM, Common Millet, Milium , juice obtained , after the flowering of the plani,
    Cenchron , Cenchrus, (F.) Millet ordinaire. Mil- by making longitudinal incisions in the cap
    let seed are esteemed a nutritious article of sules and stalks. It is commonly obtained from
    diet and are often made into puddings. the Levant or India, where the poppy grows
    PANIS CANICACEUS, see Canicæ - p. Ci- abundantly.
    barius seu secundarius, Syncomistos - p. Cuculi , Opium is a compound of morphine, meconic
    Oxalis acetosella-p. Porcinus, Cyclamen . acid , narcotine , caoutchouc , fecula, resin, oil ,
    PANNI, Swathing clothes. and several other substances.
    PANNICULE CHARNU, Carnosus panni- Turkey Opium is of a heavy, and slightly
    culus. fetid odour Its taste is nauseous, bitter, acrid ,
    PAPAVERCULUM 510 PARACENTERIUM

    and warm : it is in flat pieces ; solid and lena- 2. The Fun'giform or Fungoid papillæ , Pa
    cious ; of a dark brown colour and yellowish, Ipillæ media , P. Semilenticula'res, are of indeter
    when powdered ; marking a light brown, in- minate number, but always more numerous
    terrupted , streak on paper. In East India than the preceding. They are irregularly dis
    Opium , the odour is the same, and empyreuma- seminated near the edges and the point of the
    tic ; the taste is less bitter, but more nauseous, tongue ; have a rounded and flattened head ,
    and the colour darker . supported by a short and narrow footstalk .
    Opium is stimulant, in small doses ; sedative, Their tint is whitish . Of their real nature we
    in large ; narcotic and anodyne ; operating are ignorant.
    through the nervous system . It is a most 3. The Con'ical, Conoi'dal, or Pyram'idal pr.
    valuable remedy in all painful affections and pilla , P. min'imæ , P. villo'sæ, are ihe most nu
    in inflammations, when given so as to produce merous of all. Their arrangement is more re
    its full, sedativeeffect,especially in peritonitis. gular in the forepart of the tongue than behind .
    In diarrhæa and dysentery, it acts as an astrin. They resemble small cones ; the base being
    gent; in intermittents , it will often prevent towards the tongue , and the apex free. The
    ihe paroxysm . In typhus, in small doses, it anterior are very small , and have been called
    acts as a cordial ; in larger, it allays irritation Filiform papil'le. They appear to be produced
    and produces sleep. When applied externally , by the terminations of the filaments of the lin
    its narcotic effects are developed ; and , hence, gual nerve , and are surrounded by an evident
    it is a useful application to irritable sores , pain- vascular network .
    ful tumours, & c. Dose , gr. to j as a stimu- PAPILLÆ CalicIFORMES, see P. of the tongue
    lant ; gr. j to iv as a sedative. -p . Capitatæ, see P. of the tongue - p. Coni
    PAPAVER CEREALE, P. rhæas - p. Cornicula- cal, see P. of the tongue - p. Conoidal, see P.
    tum, Chelidonium majus - p. Erraticum, P. of the tongue - p. Filiform, see P. of the tongue
    rhæas - p. Luteum , Chelidonium majus. -p. Fungiform , see P. of the tongue - p. Fun
    Papaver Nigrum. This is merely a variety goid, see P. of the tongue - p. Lenticular, see
    of the white poppy , producing black seeds. P. of the tongue-p. Maxime, see P. of the
    PAPAVER Rheas. The systematic and phar- tongue - p. Mediw , see P. of the tonguc - p .
    macopæial name of the Red corn -poppy . Pa- Minimæ, see P. of the tongue - p . Mucosa , see
    paver erraticum , Papaver cerea'le , Rhæas, ( F. ) P. of the tongue - p. Nervous , see Papilla - p.
    Coquelicot. The heads of this species contain, Pyramidal, see P. of the tongue--p. Pyramid
    also, a milky juice of a narcotic quality. A ales , see Papilla - p. Renum , see P. of ihe kid
    syrup has been directed of its flowers, which ney - p. Semilenticulares, see p. of the tongue
    has been esteemed diaphoretic and slightly --p. Truncatæ , see P. of the tongue-- p. Val.
    soothing ; but is more admired for its colour
    than for any other property
    latæ , see P. of the tongue-p. Villosa, see P. of
    . the tongue.
    PAPAVERCULUM , Meconium. PAPILLI -AUT-MAMMILLI- FORMIS, Mas
    PAPAW TREE , Carica Papaya. toid .
    PAPAYER, Carica Papaya . PAP'ULA . A pimple, Eror'mia . (F.) Bou
    PAPIL'LA , Thele. The end of the breast, or ton , Boumisht small, acuminated elevation
    nipple. An eminence similar to a nipple, ( q.v. ) of the cuticle , with an inflamed base ; very
    A name given to small eminences, more or less seldom containing a fluid, or suppurating, and
    prominent, at the surface of several parts , par- commonly terminatinguirrscurfor desquamation.
    ticularly of the skin and mucous membranes, Papulæ forms the first order of Willan and
    in which latter situation they are also called Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous dis
    Villi . See Villous . They appear formed by eases .
    the ultimate expansion of the vessels and PAPULA AGRIA , Lichen agrius .
    nerves, and are susceptible, in some cases , of a PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tube
    kind of erection . They are also called Papillæ rosum.
    nervo'sæ, P. pyramida'les, Nervous papille , (F.) PAQUERETTE VIVACE , Bellis .
    Papilles ou Papilles nerecuses, Houppes ner. PAR OPTICUM NERVORUM , Optic nerve
    deuses . -p.Primum nervorum cerebri,Olfactory nerves
    The PAPILLÆ OF THE Kidney, (F.) Mamelons -p. Quintum nervorum cerebralium , Trige
    du rein, are the projections into the pelvis of mini-p . Secundum nervorum , Optic nerve
    the kidney of the apices of the cones of the tu- p. Septimum sive faciale, Facial nerve - p. Tri
    bular substance of the kidney. They are also geminum , Trigemini -- p. Trium funiculorum ,
    called Proces'sus mamilla'res, Carun'cula papil. Trigemini- p. Vagus, Pneumogastric - p. Viso
    lu'res, Pyram'ides Malpighin'na ,Papillæ renum . rius, Optic nerve .
    The PAPILLÆ OF THE TONGCE are very nu . PARA , rapa, a common prefix, ' by, near,
    merous and marked. They are observed , par contrary to, through , ' (per ;) · above and be
    ticularly, at the upper surface of the organ ,and yond ,' ( ultra ;) . besides,' (prater.) In certain
    are distinguished into terms, as in Paracusis, Purapsis , Parabysma,
    1. The Lentic'ular papille, Papilla muco'se , &c . , used by Dr. Good , Para means a defec
    P. maxima, P. capita'te , P. ralla't«, P.trunca '. tive or morbid condition.
    tæ, P. calicifor' mes. They are arranged at the PARABALANUS, from aoa Bahaeir , ' to ex
    base of the tongue in two oblique lines having pose .' A name given , by the ancients, to a
    the shape of the letter V ; and united angularly person who devoted himself to the service of
    at the foramen cæcum . They have , in general, the sick in hospitals ; and particularly during
    an ovoid or spherical shape, and are merely epidemics and the plague.
    mucous follicles similar to those of the palate , PARACENTE’RIUM . Woolhouse lias
    lips , & c . given this appellation to a small trocar, em
    PARACENTESIS 511 PARAPHIMOSIS

    ployed by Nuck for puncturing the eye in cases eruption, affecting the palms of the hands and
    of dropsy of that organ . symptomatic of the venereal disease . - Forestus.
    PARACENTE'SIS, Perfora'tio, Purc'tio, PÅRALO'PHIA , from rage , near ,' and
    Punctu'ra, Cenembate'sis, Cente'sis, Compunc'- 2opia , the first vertebra of the back. The
    tio ; from 'TrapaxarTew , ' I pierce through.” The lower and lateral part of the neck, near the ver
    operation of tupping to evacuate the collected tebræ .-— Keil.
    fluid in ascites, ovarial dropsy , & c . PARALYSIE , Paralysis.
    PARACENTESIS, Punctoring . PARALYSIS, Par'esis, Resolu'tio membro'
    PARACENTICION , Trocar. rum , Carusparalysis, Catalysis, (F.) Paralysie,
    PARACEPHALUS, Anencephalus. Résolution des membres ; Palsy, from napahvw,
    PARACMASTIC, Paracmas'ticus, from ra- ' I relax .' Abolition or great diminution of the
    Qexuatw, I decrease ' Decreasing. An epi- voluntary motions, and, sometimes, of sensa .
    thet to a distemper, which gradually decreases. tion , in one or more parts of the body.
    Also , according to Galen , the period of life when Palsy is said to be local, when it affects only
    a person is said to grow old, which he places at a few muscles . When it extends to half the
    from 35 to 49, after which he is said to be old , body, vertically or horizontally, it is called
    -a definition that wouldnot suit us at the pre- Hemiple'gia, or Paraple'gia , (q. v.). It is com
    sent day . - Gorræus and Castelli. monly symptomatic of disease of the brain or
    PARACMASTICOS. See Acmasticos . of the nerves themselves, and is a frequent ac
    PARACME, Decline. companiment, precursor , or successor of apo .
    PARACOE . See Cophosis. plexy . The immediate cause is, generally , pres.
    PARACOUSIA . See Cophosis. sure, either by blood effused or by serum, or by
    PARAC'OPE , Paraph'ora, Paracrusis, from vascular turgescence. At its onset, therefore,
    napanontw , ' I strike falsely.' Delirium . In blood-lettingmay be advisable ; but, afterwards,
    Hippocrates, it means the slightdelirium , which the disease becomes one of nervous debility
    sometimes occurs in febrile diseases. and requires stimulants -- to the paralyzed parts,
    PARACRUSIS , Paracope. or to the mucous membranes :-Frictions, sina .
    PARACUSIS , Cophosis. pisms, blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity , gal.
    Paracu'sis Acris , Audi'tus a'crior , Paracu- vanism , purgatives, and the nux vomica,which
    sis oxycoi'a, from rapa, ' defective ,' and axovais, last has the property of exciting movements
    the act of hearing. Hearing painfully acute where the will has no longer power. The dis
    and intolerant of the lowest sounds ; a symp- ease generally admits only of palliation, and is
    tom in otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile extremely apt to recur.
    affections. Paralysis, Primula veris - p .Beriberia, Beri.
    Paracusis DUPLICATA , Double hearing-p. beri - p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia -- p. Medulla
    Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium - p: Imperfecta, ris, Paraplegia - p. Rachialgia , Colic,metallic
    Double hearing, P.perversa - p .Obtusa, Barye- p. Scorbutica, Pellagra - p. Spinalis, Paraple
    coia - p. Oxycoia, P. acris. gia.
    Paracusis PERVER'SA , P. Willisia'na, P. im. PARAMENIA , παραμηνια , from παρα , bad .
    perfec'la , Perverse hearing. The ear only sen- ly,' andunv, ' a month .' Mismenstruation . Dif
    sible to articulate sounds, when excited by ficult menstruation . (q. v . )
    other and louder sounds intermixed with them . PARAMENIA Difficilis , Dysmenorrhæa
    -Good . p. Erroris , Menstruation , vicarious- p. Ob
    ParacuSIS SURDITAS, see Cophosis-p. Wilo structionis, see Amenorrhæa - p. Profusa, Me
    lisiana, P. perversa . norrhagia — p. Superflua, Menorrhagia.
    PARACÌESIS , Pregnancy, morbid , Preg- PARAME'RIA , raganngra, from hapa, 'about.'
    nancy,preternatural - p .Abortus , Abortion- p. and unpos, the thigh . The internal parts of
    Tubaria, Salpingo-cyesis. the thigh .
    PARACYNANCHE . Inflammation of the PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus.
    external muscles of the larynx . According to PARANEA , Delirium , Dementia .
    others , a slight cynanche. ( q. v. ) PARANYM'PHUS , froin zaga, ' near ,' and
    PARÆSTHESIS, Paresthesis - p. Auditüs vyuon, 6 a young spouse , ' ' a bride. A naine
    flacca , Proptoma aricularum. given by the ancients, to him who led the
    PARAGEUSIS , Ageustia. bride to the house of her husband . The term
    PARAGLOS'SA , from naga , and yawooa , was adopted into the ancient schools of medi
    the tongue.' Swelling of the tongue, Dyspha'- cine , to designate the usual discourse pro
    gia Linguo'sa . Sauvages, under the term Pa- nounced at the end of the prescribed period of
    raglossa deglutitoʻria, means a pretended dou- study for licentiate, in which the qualifications
    bling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.) Ren- and merits of the candidate were described.
    dersement de la langue. PARAPATHIA , Pathomania .
    PARAGOGE, Adduction , Coaptation. PARAPECHYON , Radius.
    PARAGOMPHO'SIS , Paragomphosis cap'. PARAPHIMO'SIS , Periphimo'sis ; from mange
    itis ; from napa , ' by ,' near ,' and youquois, ' a ' about,' and pipeow , ' I bridle.' Strangulation
    nailing. '. Wedging of the head of the child in of the glans penis, owing to the opening of the
    the pelvis during labour. prepuce being too narrow . It frequently hap
    PARALAMP'SIS , Trapalaupış, from naga- pens in persons affected with phimosis, when
    laurio , ' I shine a little.' A cicatrix on the the prepuce has been pushed violently behind
    transparent part of the eye.- Hippocr. the base of the glans, during copulation, &c.
    PARALLAGMA , Chevauchement. In paraphimosis, the narrow and resisting
    PARALLAXIS, Chevuuchement. apertureof the prepuce forms, behind the coro
    PARALLE'LA. A kind of scurfy, cutaneous) na glandis , a kind of ligature, which strangu
    PARAPHOBIA 612 PARENCEPHALOCELE

    lates the part , causes it to swell and inflame, sites are plants which attach themselves to
    and even to become gangrenous. other plants ; and animals which live in or on
    Attempts must be made to bring back the the bodies of other animals, -so as to subsist at
    prepuce. These excite considerable pain , yet their expense. The inistletoe is a parasitic
    they must be persevered in for some time; and plant : --the louse a parasitic animal. The chief
    should they not succeed , the rings , formed by parasitic animals are the Pediculus humanus
    the tumefied prepuce, must be cut transverse- corporis, P. capitis , P. pubis, Puler irri'tans,
    ly ,and the antiphlogistic treatment be adopted . P. pen'etrans, and the AcarusScabiei.
    PARAPHOBIA , Hydrophobia. PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS , Hel.
    PARAPHO'NIA, Clangor ; from rapa , and minthiasis -- p. Superficiei, Malis.
    yorn ,' the voice .' Affection of the voice, when PARASPA'DIA, from ruou, and onow , I
    its character or timbre is disagreeable. draw . ” A preternatural opening of the urethra
    PARAPHONTA CLANGENS, Oxyphonia at the side of the penis. One whose urethra
    --p. Gutturalis , Asaphia - p. Nasalis, Rhino- opens in this manner is called Paraspadia'us
    phonia - p. Rauca, Raucedo-p . Ulcerosa, Oxy- and Paraspa'dias.
    phonia . PARAS'PHAGIS , from napa , ' near, and
    PARAPHORA , Delirium , Paracope . oqayn, ' the throat.' The part of the neck
    PARAPHRENESIS , Paraphrenitis - p. Dia- contiguous to the clavicles.
    phragmatica , Diaphragmitis. PARASTATA , Epididymis.
    PARAPHRENI'TIS, from mana , ' near ,' and PARASTATÆ , Prostate - p. Glandulæ, Pros
    peres, the diaphragm .' Paraphrent'sis. A tate.
    namegiven to inflammation of the diaphragm PARAS'TATÆ , from radiotrue , ' I stand near.
    (see Diaphragmitis ,) which was supposed al . In Hippocrates, it means the epididymis. The
    ways to produce delirium :-as well asto the epididymes were called by Herophilus and
    delirium itself, accompanying that affection.- Galen Varico'se parastatæ , to distinguish them
    See Phrenitis. from the glandulo'sa parastata or prostate, (q. v . )
    PARAPHROSYNE , Delirium . Rufus of Ephesus called the Tubæ Fallopiane
    PARAPHROTES, Delirium . Parastatæ varico'se.
    PARAPLE'GIA, Parapler'ia , Rhachiparal'. PARASTREM'MA, from ranaotokopu , 'I dis
    ysis, Rhachioparalysis, Paralysis spina'lis, P. tort or pervert.' Convulsive distortion of the
    inedulla'ris, Carus paralysis paraple'gia , from face, the soft parts being drawn laterally.
    druga, dim . particle, and 100w , I strike. ' PARASYNAN CHE, Cynanche parotidæa.
    Palsy of the lower half of the body, including PARATH'ENAR , from mana , near,' and
    the bladder and rectum . It is,generally, owing teran, the sole of the foot.' Winslow called
    to disease of somepart of the cerebro -spinal grand parathenar, parathenar major, a portion
    axis; especially of the spinal portion. of the abductor of the little toe ; and petit pa
    The ancients sometimes used the term for rathenar, parathenar minor, the short flexor of
    incomplete apoplexy . Some authors have,also , that toe .
    inade a distinction between paraplegia and PARATHENAR MAJOR, Abductor minimi digiti
    paraplexia ,-using the former for a partial apo- pedis - p. Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digili
    plexy :-- the latter for general or complete apo- pedis.
    plezy. PARATHROMA, Elongatio .
    PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia. PARATRIMMA, Chafing .
    PARAPLEXIA , Paraplegia . PARATROPH'É , from itaoc, .dim .,' and
    PARAP'OPLEXY, Parapoplex'ia; from ton,“nourishment. Misnutrition.
    PAREGORICUS, Anodyne
    napa , dim . , and anorànsia , apoplexy. False .
    apoplexy ; a soporous state, resembling apo. PAREIA, Gena .
    plexy ; and , especially, that which occurs in PAREIRA BRAVA, Cissam'pelos Pareira ,
    the paroxysms of pernicious intermittents. Pareyra, Butua , Pariera brura, Abu'la, Abu'
    PARAI"SIS, trom nana, defectively,' and tua, Botou, Caa-peba Orero butua . Family ,
    attouae, ' I touch. Sense of touch or general Menispermea. Sex. Syst. Diecia Monadelphia.
    feeling vitiated or lost.— Good. The root of this plant,-a native of South
    PARAPSIS Acris TEMERITUDO , Soreness-p . America and the West Indies , -- has a sweet
    Expers, Torpor -- p. Illusoria, Pseudæsthesia— taste with considerable bitterness and slight
    p. Pruritus, Itching . roughness. It has been recommended in ne
    PARARMA , Fimbria. phritic and calculous affections , but it is not
    PARARRHYTH'MOS, from naod, dim ,' much used .
    and puguos, rhythm .' An epithet for the PARELLE , Rumex hydrolapathum .
    pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper to PARENCEPHALIS , Cerebellum .
    ihe age and constitution of the individual. PARENCEPHALOCELE , from naneye
    PARARTHREMA, from napa , and angoor, zeqanıs, “ the cerebellum ,' and urin , a tumour,
    a joint.' Incomplete luxation .
    a Hernia of the cerebellum ; a very rare disease.
    PARASCEPAS TRA , from rapa, and oxenatu, It occurs under the form of a soft, indolent, or
    • I cover. ' A cup or bandage, which covers slightly painful tumour, without change in the
    the whole head .- Galen . colour of the skin , and is situate in the occi .
    PARASCEUE , Apparatus. pital region . It is constituted of the cerebel
    PARAS'CHIDES , from napa and ontw , ' I lum , which escapes through an aperture in the
    cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken occipital bone. Great attention must be paid
    bone . not to mistake it for an ordinary tumour , as its
    PAR’ASITE , Parasi'tus, napao17os, from extirpation would be attended with fatal con
    napa, ' near,' and 0110s , ' corn ,' ' food.' Para- sequences.
    PARENCHYMA 513 PARORCHIDIUM
    PARENCHYMA , Caro parenchymatica seu PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche .
    vis'cerum seu discera'lis seu discero' su , Substan'. PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation .
    tia parenchymato'sa, Procheuma. The texture PARODON'TIDES, from napa, ' near,' and
    of glandular and other organs, composed of ag- odovę, a tooth .' Tuinours on the gums; pa
    glomerated globules united by cellular tissue,rulis, & c .
    and tearing with more or less facility. Such is PARODYNIA , Dystocia - p. Perversa , Pre 1

    the texture of the liver , kidneys, &c . Tlapey muua sentation, preternatural.
    signifies, in Greek , effusion ; and it was believed PAROIS, Parietes.
    that this tissue consisted of effused blood or other PAROLE , Voice , articulated .
    fluid . PARONIR'IA , from napa , and ovelpor , la

    PA R’ESIS, from rapirue, ' I relax.? Pa. dream .' Depraved,disturbed, or morbid dream
    ralysis, (q . v.). According to some, a slight, in ing.
    complete paralysis , affecting motion , not sen- Oneirodyn'ia acti'ra, Erelhis'musoneirodyn'ia .
    sation . The voluntary organs, connected with the
    PARESTHE'SIS or PARÆSTHEYSIS, Sensus passing train of ideas, overpowered by the force
    imperfec'tus, from nuga, defective,' and ato@rois, of the imagination during dreaming, and in.
    * sensation .' Congenital misconstruction of the voluntarily excited to their natural or accus
    external organs of sense . A genus in the noso - tomed actions, while the other organs remain
    logy of Good. asleep .-Good .
    PARFUM , Suffimentum . PARONIRIA AMBULANS, Somnambulism-p .
    PARIERA BRAVA , Pareira brava. Salas, pollution .
    PARIES , Table . PARONY'CHIA, Pan'aris, Redu'via , Panarit
    PARIETAL, Parieta'lis, from paries,'a wall.'lium , Pandali'lium ,Passa, Dactyli'tis, Pana'rium ,
    The PARIETÁL Bones, Ossa parieta'lin, Ossa Onych'ia, from naga, ' near,' and orvệ, the nail.'
    vertica'lia, Ossa ver'ticis, Ossa sincip'itis, Ossa The ancients gave this name to an inflammatory
    breg'malis, Ossa nerva'lia ,are two fellow-bones , tumour , seated near the nail. Some of the
    occupying the lateral and upper parts of the moderns have extended it to inflammation of
    cranium , in the formation ofwhich they assist the hand , and even of the forearm . It usually
    They have a quadrilateral shape ; their exter- means every phlegmonous tumour of the fin
    nal surface is convex, and presents, at its mid - gers or toes, and especially of the first phalanx.
    dle part, an eminence called the Parietalprotu- Four kinds of paronychia are commonly pointed
    berance, (F.) Bosse pariétale . Their inner or out: 1. That seated between the epidermis and
    cerebral surface, which is concave , has a de- skin , called in France Tourniole . 2. That seated
    pression that corresponds with the preceding in the subcutaneous cellular tissue. 3. That
    eminence, and which is called the Fossa parie- occupying the sheath of a tendon ; and 4. That
    talis. Above and behind , near the superior considered to be seated between the periosteum
    edge of these bones, is a foramen , which does and bone. These three last are only different
    not always exist, called the Parietal foramen , degrees of the same disease, constituting Whit
    Foramen parietale , through which passes a low, ( F. ) Mal d'aventure :—the worst kinds, in
    vein that opens into the superior longitudinal English , are called Felon.
    sinus of the dura mater . Each parietal bone is The inflammation generally commences in
    articulated above , with its fellow ; below , with the subcutaneous cellular tissue , and spreads to
    the temporal bone ; before, with the frontal ; other parts , occasioning excessive, lancinating
    behind, with the occipital, and by the anterior pain , owing to the parts being put upon the
    and inferior angle with the great ala of the stretch ; hence, the necessity of dividing theni
    sphenoid. Each parietal bone is developed freely ,-even down to the bone, when there is
    from a single point of ossification . reason to believe that the affection belongs to
    PARIETA'RIA , P.officina'lis, Hela'ine, Vitra'- the fourth division , -making use of emollient
    ria. TheWall pel litory,(F.) Pariétairecommune. applications, the antiphlogistic treatment, and
    Family, Urticeæ . Sex . Syst. Polygamia Monacia . opiates lo relieve pain.
    This plant grows on old walls,and contains much PAROSYCHIA, Asplenium ruta muraria-p .
    nitrate of potassa. It is diuretic, but not much Digitium , Digitium .
    used. PAROPIA , Canthus (lesser . )
    PARI'ETES, Paries, (F.) Parois, ' a wall .' PAROPSIS , Dysæsthesia visualis - p. Amau .
    A name given to parts which form the enclosure rosis, Amaurosis - p. Cataracta , Cataract - p.
    -the liunits of differentcavities of the body , as Glaucosis, Glaucoma - p. Illusoria, Pseudo.
    the Purieles
    of the cranium , chest, &c. blepsia--p. Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis - p.
    PARIS, P. quadrifo'lia , Oneberry, Truelove, Longinqua, Presbytia - p.Lucifuga, Nyctalopia
    (F.) Parisette, Raisin de Renard . It possesses –p. Noctiſuga, Hemeralopia—p. Propinqua,
    narcotic properties, and was formerly con. Myopia-p. Staphyloma, Siaphyloma - p . Sta
    sidered a powerful love philter. It is émetic , phyloma purulentum , Hypopyon -- p. Staphylo
    and is sometimes used externally as a resolvent ma simplex, Hydrophthalmia - p . Strabismus,
    and anodyne . Strabismus -- p. Synezisis , Synezisis .
    PARISETTE, Paris. PAROPTE'SIS , from napa , dun ., and onto ,
    PARISTH'MIA , rugiagura. A word em- ' I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient
    ployed to designate the tonsils , and , likewise , before the fire, or putting him in a dry bath .
    inflammation of the tonsils. Cynanche tonsil. PARORA'SIS , from rana, dim., and opan ,
    laris, (q . v .) • I see. ' Perversion of sight,which prevents the
    PARÍSTHMIOT'OMUS, from trapioguia, person from judging accurately of the colour of
    the tonsils,'and Teuvw, ' I cut. ' An instrument objects. Hallucination, (q.v.) - Galen.
    with which the tonsils were formerly scarified. ÞARORCHIDIUM , from 1000, dim . , ' some
    65
    PARORCHIDO -ENTEROCELE 514 PARTURITION

    thing wrong,' and opxıs, testicle.' Any posi- | in the symptoms of acute diseases. Also, a pe
    tion of one or both testicles, different from that riodical exacerbation or fit of a disease .
    which they ought to occupy in the scrotum ;- PARS INFERIOR PEDIS , Sole - p. Na.
    whether they may not have deseended through turalis medicinæ, Physiology - p. Prima asperæ
    Larynx - p . Vaga,Pneumogastric-p.
    arteriæ , ,Penis.
    the abdominal ring,orare drawn up to the groins Virilis
    by the cremaster muscle .
    PAROR'CHIDO -ENTEROCE’LĒ , Hernia PARSLEY, COMMON , Apium petroselinum
    paror'chido- enter'ica.
    Intestinal hernia com –p. Macedonian , Bubon 'Macedonicum - p.
    plicated with displacement of the testicle.- Mountain, black , Athamanta aureoselinum.
    Sauvages . PARSNEP , COW , Heracleum spondylium
    PAROSMIS , Anosmia.
    PAROS’TIA, from tapa, defectively,' and - Garden, Pastinaca sativa.
    PART, see Parturition-p. legitime et illegi
    OOTEOT, ' a bone. Bones untempered in their time, see Parturition .
    substance , and incapable of affording proper PARTES GENERATIONI INSERVIEN .
    support. - Good. TES, Genital organs — p . Genitales, Genital
    Parosta FlexiLIS, Mollities ossium-p. Fra organs .
    gilis, Fragilitas ossium . PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGA, Matricaria
    PAROT'ID , Glandula parotidea, G. ad Aures, -p. Mas, Tanacetum .
    Paro'tis, Animel'le ,Alimellæ , Lacticin'ia ; from PARTHENIUS, (Morbus ;) from napderos,
    naga, “about,' and ovs, 'the ear. The largest « a virgin .'A discase in a young female. Also,
    of the salivary glands, seated under the ear, chlorosis .
    and near the angle of the lower jaw . It is com PARTIES, LES, Genital organs-p. Géni.
    posed ofmany separate lobes , giving rise to ex tales, Genitalorgans - p. Honteuses, Genital or
    cretory ducts, which unite to form one canal , gans - p :Génitoires, Genital organs -- p . Naturel.
    called the Parotid ductorSteno's canal— the Duc- les, Genital organs — p. Nobles, Genital organs
    tus superior or Superior salivary canal of some . -p. Sexuelles, Genital organs .
    This duct, after having advanced horizontally
    into the substance of the cheek , proceeds PARTIO , Parturition .
    PARTRIDGE -BERRY , Gaultheria.
    through an opening in the buccinator musele, PARTS , THE , Genital organs.
    and terminates in the mouth opposite the PARTURA , Parturition .
    second upper molaris . About the middle of its PARTU'RIÉNT, Parturiens, from pario, ' I
    course , it sometimes receives the excretory duct
    of a glandular body, situatein its vicinity , and bringforth .
    called the Accessory Gland of the Parotid, Socia The Parturient, Childbed, or Lying-in state
    requires careful management, and is subject to
    Parotidis. various diseases.
    In the substance of the parotid are found
    a number of branches of the facial nerve , of PARTURIGO , Parturition .
    the transverse arteries of the face , and the PARTURI'TION, Puerpe'rium , Partus, Par
    posterior auricular: It receives, also, some tio, Parturi" tio, Parturi'go, Partu'ra , Tocos,
    filaments
    and from from the inferior
    the ascending maxillary
    branches of thenerve, To'cetos, Lochi'a,
    super- couchement, Apocye'sis,
    Couché, Ýrarail Labour, (F.) The
    d'Enfant. AC
    ficial cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are delivery of the fætus and its appendages. La
    somewhat numerous, and pass into ganglions bour is the necessary consequence of concep
    situate at its surface or behind the angle of the tion , pregnancy , and the completion of gesta;
    jaw . lion . It does not take place at the full time, until
    The parotid secretes saliva , and pours it co- after nine months of utero -gestation : the causes
    piously into the mouth . producing it being the contraction of the uterus
    PAROTID , ACCESSORY GLAND OF THE . See and abdominal muscles . By different authors ,
    Parotid . the stages of labour have been variously di.
    PAROTIDE , Parotis . vided. We may, perhaps, admit of four. The
    PAROTIDON'CUS, from natış, ' the first stagecomprises the precursory signs. One,
    parotid,' and oyxos, “ a tumour. ' A swelling of two, or three days before labour, a mucous dis
    parotid
    ihe . charge, streaked with blood, takes place from
    PAROTIS, ( F.) Parotide, Phleg'monë paro- the vagina,which is called theSignum, Leucor
    tidea , Inflamma'tio parotidum , Paroti'tis, ( F.) rhæa Nabo'thi, Hæmorrha'gia Nabothi, Labour.
    Oreillon , Ourle, is, also, the name of a tumour , show , or Show ; and , along with this , trifling
    seated under the ear; which is reddish, hard, grinding pains , called by the French Mouches,
    and attended with obtuse pain ; the progress to are felt in the loins and abdomen. Second
    suppuration being slow and difficult. Some- stage :-Peculiar pains, which extend from the
    of a malignant character, sloughing, lumbar region towards the uterus ; tension and
    times it is protracted
    and long . dilatation of the neck and orifice of that organ ;
    Parotis CONTAGIOSA, Cynanche parotidæa- protrusion into the vagina of the envelopes of
    p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidæa — p. Seroso the fætus, forming the bag ofwaters, (F.) Poche
    glutine tumens , Cynanche parotidæa - p .Spuria, des eaux ; and rupture or breaking of the wa
    Cynanche parotidæa. ters . Third stage : -- Contractions of the uterus
    PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidæa, Parotis. and abdominal muscles; forcing pains; the
    PAR'OXYSM , Paroxys'mus, from Tapoguvo, head of the fætus becomes engaged in the pel
    ' I irritate.' Im'petus, insultus, Inra'sio, Er- vis ; the occiput being commonly situate above
    acerba'tio, Acces'sio , Acces'sus, (F.) Exacerbation the left acetabulum , passes beneath the arch of
    Redoublement; also, Accès. The augmentation the pubis . Fourth stage : - the head now pre
    which supervenes at equal or unequal intervals sents at the vulva , the perineum being con.
    PARTURITION 515 PARTURITION

    siderably distended ; at length it clears the ex- The head , with the face posteriorly, 12,120
    ternal parts, and the rest of the body is easily The head anteriorly , 63
    disengaged. The child stillcontinues attached The breech , 198
    to the mother by the umbilical cord, which has The feet, 147
    to be divided . In the course of fifteen or The knees , 3
    twenty minutes, trifling pains occur , and the Other positions , 102
    secundines are expelled . This completes de
    livery. In by far the majority of cases, the 12,633
    head is the presenting part,the occiputdirected The following table, drawn up from data
    anteriorly,
    children, born thetheface
    and at posteriorly.
    Hospital of 12,633
    La Maternité in furnished by
    Velpeau, gives an approximative
    Paris, from the tenth of December, 1797 , to view of the comparative nuniber of presenta.
    the 31st of July, 1806, the following were the tions, according to the experience of the indi.
    viduals mentioned :
    presentations :
    TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES .
    ACCORDING TO

    Merri . Madame (Hospital


    Bland . Madame Lacha- Näegle . Lovali. of the Boër.
    man , Boivin .
    pelle . Faculté.

    Regular, or of the vertex, 924 944 969 933 933 911 980
    I. Occipito anterior , 908 944 910 895
    a. Occipito colyloid ( left) 760 717 537
    Do. ( right,) 179 209
    6. Occipito pubian, 0.29
    11. Occipito posterior, 9.4 9
    a . Fronto -cotyloid ( left ,) 5.3 7.3
    b. Do. ( right,) 4.4 2.9
    Face presentation , 2.2 2.6 3.6 4.6 8.8
    Mento -iliac ( right,) 2.6
    of the pelvis , 36 28 29 36 47 29
    of the foot, 12.7 9.4 14 10.3
    of the knees , 0.19 0.40
    of the breech, 23 13 18 19
    of the trunk , 4.6 5.3 4.8
    Requiring Forceps , 6.6 4.7 4.6 3.4 36 5.7
    Turning, 16 4.7 7.8 7.2 5.9
    Cephalotomy. 3.3 5.2 4.77 0.53 2.4 1.5

    Labour has received different names, accordance; preternatural, requiring the assistance of
    ing to the period of pregnancy at which it art, but by the hand solely : and, laborious,
    occurs , and the mode in which it takes place . requiring instrumental assistance ; which M.
    It is called miscarriage or abortion, (q . v. ,) prior Capuron calls Accouchement Méchanique.
    to the 7th month ; premature labour, between The French use the term Part, at times, sy.
    this and 8 months and a half ; and labour at the nonymously with delivery ; at others, with fætus .
    full period,-( F.) Accouchement à terme, —when Suppression depart means concealment of deli
    it happens at the end of 9 months . very : Part légitime , a fætus which comes into
    Labours have ,likewise, been variously di. the world with the conditions necessary for its
    vided by different authors. Perhaps the one, enjoying advantages granted by law ; and Purt
    into Natural, Preternatural, and Laborious, is ilegitime, one that does not fall under those
    as common as any ; -- Vutural Labour meaning , conditions.
    that which would occur without manual assist
    TABLE OF THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF LABOURS.
    I. NATURAL LABOURS ;

    Or those in which Delwery can be effected without Assistance.


    r * The head with the chin bent upon the chest clears
    the brim of the pelvis. Motion of rolation produced
    1. Occiput lowards the Lef Acc . by the inclined planes of the pelvis : the occipital
    Labulum . protuberance is carried behind the symplıysis pu
    bis , and the face towards the hollow of the sa
    crum .
    | The head attains the outlet : clears it ; the occiput
    being first disengaged, and the face afterwards,
    2. Occiput towards the Right which passes successively along the whole of the
    Acelabulum . hollow of the sacrum . The shouldery enter the
    brim diagonally ; and execute the movement of
    HEAD PRESENTING . rotation . The one behind first clears the outlet.
    ( Four Positions .) The same thing occurs with the nates .
    The same course is here followed : except that after
    3. Occiput towards the Right the rotatory movement, the face passes behind the
    Sacro - iliac Symphysis . symphysis pubis, and the occiput into the hollow or
    the sacrum. The occiput is first extruded ;-the
    face next .
    When the chin presents and is turned forwards, the
    face is first expelled : the head is thrown back
    4. Occipul towards the Left sa- wards . This presentation is incommon . If the
    cro- iliac Symphysis. chin presents and is thrown backwards , natural
    delivery cannot be effected .
    PARTURITION 516 PARTURITION

    The nates enter the brim diagonally : movement of


    1. Heel, Tibia , or Sacrum to rotation : the one passes behind the symphysis
    wards the Left Acetabulum . pubis ; the other towards the hollow of the sacrum .
    The one behind is first extruded .
    The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin
    is bent upon the chest to clear the brim : movement
    Lower ExtreMITY 2. Hecl, Tibia , or Sacrum lo. of rotation : the occiput passes behind the symphy
    PRESENTING .
    wards the Right Acetabulum . sis pubis , and the face towards the hollow of the
    ( Four Positions of sacrum . The face clears the outlet first ; the occi.
    the Feet , Knees, and put last .
    Breech . )
    3. Hecl, Tibia , or Sacrum to.
    wards the Right Sacro iliac The same progress , except that after the movement
    Symphysis. of rotation , the face is towards the pubis , and the
    4. Hcel, Tibia, or Sacrum lo occiput towards the sacrum . The face is here
    wards the Loft Sucro - iliac Sym again delivered first.
    physis.
    II. PRETERNATural LABOURS : .

    Or those which require Manual Assistance only .


    11. When the labour is without any serious complication , and the head is not in a
    good position at the brim of the pelvis ; endeavours are to be made to place it in
    its natural position ; the hand to be int oduced with the fingers united , and the
    Jong diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the brim , if possible. Or,
    the levermay be fixed over the occiput, by drawing down which , a closer ap
    proximation of the chin and chest may be effected ; the position of the head to
    the pelvis being at the same time attended to.
    2. If complicated with syncope , convulsions, hemorrhage,want of uterine action ,
    this purpose , empty
    &c . the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned. For
    the rectum and bladder ; and turn , if possible , prior to the escape of the liquor
    amnii . Generally , the female may be placed on her left side, with the breech
    over the edge of the bed . Use the right or left hand, according as the feet of
    the child are to the right or left side of the pelvis ; always so introducing the
    1. PRESENTATION OF THE hand, that the child shall be in its palm , and the back of the hand opposed to
    HEAD , UrPER EXTREMI the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and arm to be introduced during
    TIES, Back , ABDUNEN , an interval of pain ; and they must be flattened and tranquil whilst the uterus
    & c. is contracting forcibly . If both feet cannot be readily brought down, seize one,
    and tie a fillet around it .
    If the toes point to the vertebral column or to the abdomen of the mother, the
    head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis : the chin and occiput will be
    hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum . In such case , grasp the
    nates as soon as they have passed the os externum ; and , during a paili, euidea
    vour to direct the loes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis . When the
    fingers can be passed along the body of the child and over the shoulders to the
    belid of the elbows , draw down the arms successively . When the body is ex
    pelled , and the head filling up the brim , the termination of labour must be
    accelerated by passing two fingers over the shoulder of the child ; using mode.
    rate and steady extracting power, whilst one ſinger of the other hand , passed
    into the moutli, depresses the chin on the sternum . In this way the head may
    be extracted .

    III . INSTRUMENTAL LABOURS :


    Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Instruments.
    If the pains become feeble , or inadequate friin any canse ;-or if the presenting
    part is firmly wedged in the pelvis ; or the woman is becoming exhausted, in
    strumental assistance may be required. in all such cases, empty the bladder
    GENERAL OBSERVATIONS . and rectum ; wait till the os uterí is in a fit state ; afford assistance during the
    pains ; introduce the instrument during the intervals between the pains ; have
    the patientoutlet,
    on her left case
    side , may
    (generally
    be .
    ;) and extract according to the axes of
    brim and as the
    Apply these to the sides of the head of the child , so that the ears and parietal
    protuberances may be within the fenestræ . Introduce the left hand blade
    first ; the index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear.
    With the right hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with the
    1. Short Forceps. course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left hand ;
    the third and little finger being employed to retain the left-hand blade in place ;
    humour the instrument so as to allow the bl.ides to lock . The handles may
    now be tied gently together. The force used must be from blade to blade, with
    a gentle , tractile effort.
    Applicable where the head does not enter the brim . The long forceps must be
    2. Long Forceps. applied , in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the
    convex edges of the blades may be towards the hollow of the sacrum . When
    used , the power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate traction .
    The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used
    3. Lever or Vectis . strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be
    applied to any part of the head, but is generally bitched on the occiput .
    In certain cases of breech and knee presentation , where the hand is insufficient,
    4. Fillet and Blunt Hook . it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook , with which
    to exert some force of traction . The operation is very simple.
    Disproportionate size of head , or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the
    chili to be destroyed , and its bulk lessened ; or the Cresarean section or sym
    physotomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for.
    EMBRYOLCIA . The instruments required here, are the Perforator, Crotchet , and Craniotomy
    Forceps Make steady pressure on the abdomen : pass two fingers of the len
    hand up to the head : feel for a suture or fontanelle ; introduce the perforator
    and bore through , until the progress of the instrument is arrested by its shoul
    ders. Open the handles , and turn the instrument in ditferent directions, so
    PARTURIUM 517 PASTE

    that the openingmay be large enough to admit the perforator, with which the
    brain must be broken down .
    If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid , pass up the
    craniotomy forceps ; open the handles slightly , and introduce the blade without
    teeth within the cranium . On closing the forceps, a hold is oblained ; and a
    tractile force can now be exerted during the pains ; and the extrusion of the
    child be effected.
    Should great difficulty exist at the brim , the bones at the top of the head may
    EMBRYOLCIA . have to be removed, until the base alone remains. The chin must then be
    brought through first.
    The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into
    the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection in
    the interior of the skull; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations of
    the face demanding perforation ofthe cranium , the perforator should be intro
    duced just above the nose in the sagittal suture.
    When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been ex.
    pelled , the perforacion must be made behind the ear.
    cases of great narrowness of the pelvis , the operation of Symphysotomy, (q. v.)
    SYMPHTSOTOMY AND CESA . Inhas been adopted by French practitioners, -rarely by Britisin or American ; and
    REAN SECTION . in extreme cases recourse has been had to the Cesarean Section, (q . v. )
    If the body of the fætus have been forcibly separated, and the head left in the
    SEPARATION OF THE HEAD uterus , it must be laid hold of with one hand ; and the forceps be applied ,
    OF THE FETUS FROM THE or the head opened and delivered as under Embryulcia. Should the head
    Body . have been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought
    down .
    In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the fætus, at the full term , cannot be
    born alive , delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon as the
    child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of themother .
    INDUCTION or PREMATURE The most advisable plan of accomplishing this object is merely to pass the finger
    LABOUR . round and round within the os aud cervix uteri, so as to detach the decidua ;
    the membranes being this left entire, and the life of the child not so much
    endangered, as where themembranes are punctured and the waters evacuated.
    Parturition usually follows within 48 hours.

    PARTURIUM VANUM, Fausse couche. Hypochondriasis - p : Hysterica, Hysteria — p.


    PARTUS, Parturition - p. Cæsareus, Cesa. Niaca, Ileus --p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro
    rean section - p .Difficilis, Dystocia.
    PARU'LIS
    poplitæa - p. Pleuritica, Pleuritis - p. Ventricu
    , from napa , near,' and ovior, losa, Cæliac flux.
    the gum. ' Apostema parulis vel paroulis, PASSION , Passio, An'imi Pathe'mata , Affec'
    Gum Boil. Small abscesses are so called , tus. A lively affection of the mind ; as rage,
    which form in the gums, sometimes without terror , love, hatred, & c.
    any known cause, but which often depend PASSION-FLOWER, BAY- LEAVED , Pas
    upon carious teeth. siflora laurifolia .
    PARU'RIA , from naga, ' defectively,' and PASSIVE, Passivus. An epithet for dis
    ovqew, ' 1 pass urine. ' Morbid secretion or dis- eases , which seem owing to a greater or less
    charge of urine. diminution of the strength, or which are with
    Paruria. INCONTINENS, Enuresis — p. Inops, out apparentreaction.
    Ischuria, false - p. Mellita, Diabetes - p. Re- Thus, passive hernorrbayes are such as su.
    tentionis, Ischuria - p. Retentionis vesicalis , pervene in debilitated individuals or under con.
    Retention of urine - p. Stillatitia, Strangury- ditions in which increased action of the arte
    p. Stillatitia mucosa , Cystirrhæa. ries can scarcely be presumed. The term pas.
    PAR’YGRON , from rupa, and uygos, ' hu- site has,also , been given to aneurisms of the
    mid.' A liquid or moist preparation , for allay- heart with extenuation of the parietes ; in op
    ing topical inflammation . position to active aneurisms, - with thickness
    PAS D'ANE, Tussilago. of the parietes-- hypertrophy .
    PASMA, Catapasma. PASSULÆ MAJORES , see Vitis vinifera-
    PASQUEFLOWER, Anemone pulsatilla. p . Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
    PASSA, Paronychia . PASSULATUM , Ura passa, raisins,' dried
    PASSÆ CORINTHIACÆ. See Vitis Co- grapes . A medicine in which the pulp of rai
    rinthiaca . sins is a chief ingredient.
    PASSAGES, DIGESTIVE, Ways, diges- PASSY , MINERAL WATERS OF. This
    tive-p . Second, Ways , second. village is in the vicinity of Paris. There are
    PASSE -PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum . several springs , containing sulphates of lime ,
    PASSERAGE SAUVAGE, Cardamine pra- iron,
    tensis. bonateand magnesia ; alam ; common salt ;car
    of iron ; carbonic acid , &c . They are
    PASSIFLORA LAURIFOLIA , Bay-leated employed as tonic and astringent.
    passion flower . A native of Surinam . The PASTA DE ALTIÆÂ, Paste , marshmal
    fruit has a delicious smell and flavour, and low - p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) -p.
    quenches thirst, abates heat of the stomach, in- de Dactylis, Paste , date--p: Emulsiva, Con.
    creases the appetite, & c. fection (almond) -p . de Jujubis, Paste of ju
    PASSIFLORA MALIFOR’mis, Apple-shaped Gra- jubes - p. Regia, Confection (almond.)
    nadilla . The fruit of this species is esteemed PASTE , Pasta, ( F.) Pâle. A compound
    a delicacy in the West Indies, where it is medicine like the pastil, but less consistent,
    served up at table in desserts . flexible, less saccharine , and more mucilagi
    PASSIO CELIACA , Cæliac flux - p. Cho- nous .
    lerica, Cholera - p .Felliflua, Cholera - p. Hæ. MARSHMALLOW PASTE , Massa de gummi.
    moptoica, Hæmoptysis— p.' Hypochondriaca, .Irutico, Pusta de altha'â. A compound of gum
    1
    P.ASTÈQUE 518 PAULLINIA

    arabic, sugar, white of egg, and orange flower | united angularly, which are incrusted with car.
    water . Ph. P. It is demulcent. tilage , and each of which is articulated with
    Date PASTE , Massa seu pasta de dac'tylis. one of the condyles of the femur. The patella
    Composed of dates, sugar, gum arubic, water, is developed by a single point of ossification.
    and orange flower water. Ph . P. Demulcent. When the patella is fractured , it is difficult to
    PASTE OF JU'JUBES, Pasta de ju'jubis, Massu produce bony union. This can only be accom
    de zizypho'rum fructû : composed of jujubes, plished by keeping up the fractured extremities
    gum senegal, sugar,wuter, and tincture of lemon closely in apposition.
    peel. Demulcent. PATELLA, Cup- p . Fixa , Olecranon.
    Pasta GLYCYRRHI'ZÆ GUMMA'TA ET ANISA'- PATHEMA, Affection, Disease .
    Ta, seu Massa de extracto glycyrrhi’ze. A com . PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology .
    pound of extruct of liquorice,gum senegal, sugar, PATHETIC , Patheticus. That which moves
    Florence orris root, and volatile oil of aniseed . the passions. A name given to the superior
    Demulcent . oblique muscle of the cyc ( q. v . ) , and , also, to a
    Paste, WARD's, Confectio piperis nigri. nerve .
    PASTÈQUE, Cucurbita citrullus. The Nervus PATHETICUS , N. Irochlea 'ris seu
    PASTII., Pastillus, Diocres,Avic'ula Cipria, trochleato'rius seu trochlea'tor, the 4th pair of
    Candela fuma'lis,Phthois, Phthoiscus. A con-nerves, Oculo-musculaire interne (Ch .), (6.) Nerf
    pound of aromatic substances in various shapes ; pathétique, is the smallest encephalic nerve. It
    used as a fumigating material , when set fire to . arises behind the inferior pair of the tubercula
    See Fumigation. quadrigemina (the testes) at the lateral parts of
    The French use the term Pastille for a solid , the valvula Vieussenii. Its roots unite into
    dry, round, oblong , square, or triangular com- one thin , round cord , which makes a turn upon
    pound, whose base is essential oil, and sugar the peduncles of the brain , and passes inio a
    the excipient. These pastilles are , in fact, canal of the dura mater near the posterior cli
    small lozenges , and only differ from the tablette noid process. It enters the orbit by the broadest
    in their smaller size . part of the sphenoidal fissure , and terminates
    Pastil'LI DE Mentha Piperi'TA . Pepper- in the superior oblique muscle of the eye , by
    mint drops. (Sacch. alb. , aquæ mentha pip. des. dividing into several filaments .
    tillat. äå 3ij. Boil to the consistence of an PATHNE , Alveolus.
    electuary . Take of fine white sugar, in pow- PATHOG'ENY, Pathogenin ; from nalos, a
    der, ziv, volatile oil of peppermint 3ss. Mix, disease ,' and yɛvenis, generation. The branch
    and add the electuary whilst warm . Drop it of pathology , which relates to the generation,
    then on marble , and dry the drops. Ph . P.) production, and development of disease .
    PASTILLES, FUMIGATING . See Fumi. PATHOGNOMONIC , Pathognomon'icus,
    gation. Signum conjunctum ; from nalos, 'an affection ,
    PASTILLI EMETINÆ PECTORALES , and y.vooxu), " I know .' A charucteristic symp
    Trochisci emetinæ pectoralis. tom of a disease.
    PASTINA'CA OPOP'ANAX . The name of PATHOLOGY, Pathematology, from magos,
    the plant which furnishes the Opoponar. The a disease ,' and loyos,“a discourse. The branch
    plant, whence the gum -resin is obtained, has , of medicine , whose object is the knowledge of
    also, been called Opopanacum, Panax heracle'um , diseases. It has been defined diseased physi
    Panar costi'num ,P. pastinacea, Kyna, Her'cules- ology, and physiology of disease. It is divided
    all-heal, Opop'anarwort. into general and special. The first considers
    OpoPanax, Opopanucis gummi-resi'na , Gezir, diseases in common ;-the second the particular
    Pop'anar, Gummi panacis, exudes from the history of each . It is subdivided into internal
    roots, when wounded . Its odour is strong and and external, or medicul and surgical.
    peculiar ; taste, bitter and acrid . It is met with PATHOLOGY, Humoral, Humorism .
    in the shops, in Jumps of a reddish-yellow PATHOMA'NIA ,Parapathi'a .Moral Insanity,
    colour , without; white, within . It has been from nados , ' a disease,' and munia . A disorder
    recommended as an antipasmodic and em- of affection or feeling, as well as of those of
    menagogue; but is seldom used. Dose, gr. x the active powers or propensities .
    to aj in powder. PATHOPATRIDALGIA , Nostalgia.
    PASTINA'ca Satı'va , Elaphobos'cum , Pastina- PATHOS , Affection, Disease ,
    ca sylves'tris, Ban'ica , Garden parsnep. The PATIENCE, Rumex patientia - p. d'Eau,
    root is sweet and nutritious, and is in esteem as Rumex hydrola pathum - p. Garden, Rumex
    an article of food. It has been used as a diuretic patientia - p. Rouge, Rumex sanguineus-p .
    and demulcent in calculous affections, &c . Sauvage, Rumex acutus .
    PastinACA SYLVESTRIS , P. sativa- p. Syl. PATIENTIA , Rumex patientia.
    vestris tenuifolia officinarum , Daucus Carota. PATIENTIÆ MUSCULUS, Levator scapule.
    PATE, Paste - p. Arsénicale, Arsenical paste. PATNE, Alveolus.
    PATELLA , Rotula , Epigon'atis, Epigon'tis, PATOR NA'RIUM . The cavity or the open
    Epigou'nis, Mola, Concha , Oculus genu, Os ing of the nostrils.
    scutifor'mě, Supergenua'lis, Caucıložilcs, Myl. PATURSA, Syphilis.
    acris, Myle, (F.) Rotule. Diminutive of patinu , PAULLIN'IA . This is an extract from a
    ' a dish , so called from its shape. A sort of plant of the same name in Brazil . It is prepared
    sesamoid, flat, short, thick, rounded bone, situ- by the Indians, and appears to possess excitant
    ate in front of the knee, and enveloped in the powers . In Brazil , and the neighbouring coun.
    substance of the tendon common to the ex . tries, it is given in the form of Tisane - the
    tensor muscles of the leg. The posterior sur. powder being mixed with cocoa-in diarrhea
    face of the patella is divided into twofacettes, and dysentery. It has been employed also as
    1
    PAUME DE LA MAIN 519 PECTORILOQUE
    a tonic. An extract is prepared in Brazil from ( Ch .,) ( F.) Pectiné. This muscle is situate at
    the Paullinia sorbilis , known there under the the inner and upper part of the thigh . It is
    name of Guarana, which is administered in long, Aat, and triangular; is attached , above,
    similar pathological cases. 10 the space, which separates the ileo - pectineal
    PACME DE LA MAIN , Palm . eminence from the spine of the os pubis ; and ,
    PAUONTA , Sedatives. below , by a flat tendon, to the oblique line ,
    PAUPIÈRE , Palpebra . which descends from the lesser trochanter to
    PAVANA WOOD, Crotor tigliam . the linea aspera . The pectinalis bends the
    PAVILION . The French give this name to thigh on the pelvis; and carries it outwards in
    the expanded extremily of a canal or cavity, adduction and rotation. It may, also, bend the
    e. of a catheler, sound , & c. pelvis on the thigh .
    The PavilioN OF THE EAR , Auricula, Pinna , PECTINA'TI MUSCULI, from pecten , a
    Ala , ( F .) Auricule ou Oricule, Pavillon de l'oreille, comb. The fascicular texture observed in the
    is seated behind the cheeks, beneath the tem- right auricle of the heart :-- Musculi Auricula
    ple and anterior to the mastoid process. Its Pectinati. Their main use probably is — to pre
    size varies in individuals. It is free above , be . vent the over dilatation of the auricles.
    hind, and below . Anteriorly and within , it is PECTINÉ, Pectinalis.
    continuous with the neighbouring parts. Its PECTORAL , GRAND, Pectoralis major.
    outer surface has several prominences, the Helix, PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularis
    Anthelix , Tragus, Antitragus, ard Lobe ; and sterni.
    several cavities — the groove of the Helir, the Pectora'lis MAJOR, from pectus, ' the breast.'
    fossa navicularis seu scaphoides, and the Concha. Pectoralis, Slerno-costo-cladio-huméral , Sterno
    The skin which covers the pavilion , is very huméral (Ch .,) ( F. ) Grand Pecloral. A large,
    fine and studded with a number of sebaceous flat, triangular muscle , situate at the anterior
    follicles. The auricle is fixed to the head by part of the chest, before the axilla. It is at
    three fibro -cellular ligaments ;-a superior, an- iached, on the one hand , by means of aponeu
    terior , and posterior. rotic fibres, to the inner half of the anterior
    PAVILLON DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion of edge of the clavicle ; to the anterior surface of
    the ear - p . de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana. the sternum, and to the cartilages of the six 1
    PAVINA , Æsculus hippocastanum . first true ribs ;-- on the other, by a strong ten
    PAVOR, Panophobia . don, which is inserted at the anterior edge of
    PAVOT DES JARDINS, Papaver. the bicipital groove of the humerus.
    PAZAHAR , Bezoar. The use of this muscle is to move the arm
    PEACH BRANDY , Amygdalus persica-p . in various directions . If it be hanging by the
    Tree , Amygdalus persica . side of the body, it carries it inwards and a little
    PEAGLE , Primula veris . forwards. When the arm is raised, it depresses
    PEAR. See Pyrus malus. it and carries it inwards . It can , also, move it
    PEARL , Perla , Margaron ,Margari'ta, Unio, in rotation inwards. If the humerus be raised
    (F.) Perle. A roundish concretion, of a silvery and fixed, the pectoralis major draws the trunk
    white colour, and brilliant polish , found in towards the upper extremity.
    several shells and especially in the Avic'ula Pectora'lis Minor, Serra'tus anti'cus minor,
    margaritif era , which has, hence, been called Costo-coracoidien ( Ch .,) (F.) Petit pectoral, Petit
    Mater perla'rum ,Mother of pearl, and is much dentélé antérieur. This muscle is situate be
    used in the fabrication of handles for surgical neath the preceding, at the anterior and upper
    instruments, &c . part of the chest. It is flat and triangular. It
    Pearls were, formerly, given in powder as is attached by its base, which appears digitated ,
    astringents and antacids. They consist of lime to the upper edge and outer surface of the 3d,
    and an animal matter. 4th , and 5th true ribs, and is inserted at the an
    PEARL Ash , Potash of commerce- p . Mother terior part of the coracoid process .
    of, see Pearl- p. White , Bismuth , subnitrate of. The pectoralis minor draws the scapula for.
    PEAU , Cutis. wards and downwards , and makes it execute a
    PEAUCIER , Platysma myoides. rotatory motion , by virtue of which its inferior
    PECCANT, Peccans. An epithet given, by angle is carried backwards, and the anterior
    the Humorists, to the humours, when erring depressed . When the shoulder is fixed, it ele.
    in quality or quantity. vaies the ribs to which it is attached, and aids 1
    PECHEDEON , Perinæum . in the dilatation of the chest .
    PÉCHER , Amygdaluspersica. PEC'TORALS, Pectoralia , Thorad''ica. Me.
    PECHURIM CORTEX . A highly aromatic dicines, considered proper for relieving or re
    bark , the produce of a species of laurus. It is moving affections of the chest.
    extremely fragrant like that of cinnamon ,which BATEMAN'S PECTORAL Drops consist, chiefly,
    it greatly resembles in its properties. In Por- of tincture of castor, with some camphor and
    tugal, it is used in the cure of dysentery , &c. opium , flavoured by aniseed . Gray gives the
    PECHYAG'RA, Pectihag'ra, from anxus, following formula . Častor Zj, ol.anisi zj,camph .
    the elbow ,'and ayoa, ' a seizure .' Gout affect- 3v, coccin .Ziss, opii 3vj , proof spirit,a gallon .
    ing the elbow . A form , advised by a committee of the Phila
    ÞECHYS , Elbow. delphia College of Pharmacy, the following:
    PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra bautica. -Alcohol. dil. cong. iv , Santal. rubr . ras zij,
    PECTEN , Pubes. Digere per horas xxiv; cola, et adde Pulo. opii,
    PECTIHÁGRA , Pechyagra. Pulo. catechu, Camphora äā zij, Ol. anisi. ziv.
    PECTINA'LIS, from pecten, ' the pubes ;" Digest for ten days.
    Pectina'us, Pubio-fémoral, Suspubio fémoral PECTORILOQUE, from pectus, ' the chest,'
    PECTORILOQUIE 520 PELVIC

    and loqui, ' to speak .' Laënnec calls thus, one part of the cerebellum , and unite at the tuber
    who presents the phenomenon of Pectoriloquism . annulare.
    Also a Stethoscope. (q. v . ) PEDUNCLES OF THE MEDULLÆ OBLONGATÆ ,
    PECTORILOQUIE CHEVROTANTE, Ego- Corpora restiformia.
    The PEDUNCLES OF THE PINEAL GLAND are
    phony.
    PECTORILOQUISM. Cavernous voice.' two medullary bands or strips, which seem to
    or voice Pectorilo'quia,
    Speechetymon.
    Same coming from the ( F.) Pectoriloquie. issue from the pineal gland, and proceed on each
    chest. Laënnec side upon the upper and inner region of the optic
    has designated , by this name, the phenom
    enon thalami.
    often presented by consumptive individuals, PEDUNCULI MEDULLÆ OBLONGATÆ ,
    when their chests have been examined with Corpora restiformia .
    the stethoscope. The voice seems to issue di PEGA , Canthus ( lesser.)
    rectly from the chest, and to pass through the PEGANELÆ'ON, Oleum ruta'ceum , Oil of
    central canal of the cylinder, -- a phenomenon Rue; from πεγανον, rue.'
    owing to the voice resounding in those anfrac. PEGANIUM , Ruta .
    tuous cavities, produced in the lungs by the PEINE , Hunger .
    suppuration or breaking down of tubercles , PEIRA , Effort, Experience, Nisus.
    which constitute abscesses or Ulcers of the PELA'GIA . A kind of scaly erysipelas of
    Lungs. the hands, sonietimes of the legs, at others, of
    PĒCTUS, Thorax. the face . Pellagra. ( ?)
    PEDAGRA , Potassæ supertartras impurus. PELAGRA , Pellagra.
    PEDESIS , Pulsation , PEL'ICAN , Pelica'nus. An instrument,
    PEDETHMOS , Pulsation . curved at the end like the beak of a pelican.
    Its use is to extract teeth .
    PEDICLE , VITELLINE. See Vesicula um.
    bilicalis . PELICIDE, Pelu'da, Melcoctum , Boiled
    PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria. Honey:-Ruland and Johnson .
    PEDICULATIO , Phtheiriasis. PELIDNOMA , Ecchymoma.
    PEDIC'ULUS , The Louse, Phtheir, (F.) Pou . PELIOMA , Ecchymoma.
    A genus of parasitic insects. The human body PELIOʻMA from neos, black .' A livid
    is infested with three kinds; the Body-louse, (F.) ecchymosis.- Forestus. See Ecchymoma.
    Pou de corps; the Head -louse , ( F.) Pou de la PELIOSIS , Purpura hæmorrhagica.
    têle, which lives in the hair ; and the Crab - louse, PELL'AGRA , Pelagra, Ichthyo'sis Pellagra,
    Mor'pio, Platula, (F.) Morpion, which infest: Elephanti'asis Ilal'ica , Tuber Pellagra ,Lepra
    the hair of the pubes. Infusion of tobacco,or Mediolanen 'sis, Mal del Sole, Dermalagra, Éry
    mercurial ointment,or ointment of white pre- sipelas period'ica nerco'sa chronica, Mal demi
    cipitate of mercury, or the white or red preci- sère, Paralysis scorbu'tica, Scurry of the Alps,
    pitate of mercury , readily destroys them . Impeti'go Pellagra . A disease ,particularly no
    Pediculus Pubis , Crab- louse . ticed amongst the Milanese, which consists in
    the skin becoming covered with wrinkles, and
    PEDICURE Chiropodist. assuming a scaly
    PEDICUS,Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. parts exposed to appearance,
    the air. Theespecially
    strength indimi
    the
    PEDIEUX (muscle,) Extensor brevis digito- nishes, the intellectual faculties and sensations
    rum pedis. become obscure , and cramps, convulsions , and
    PEDIGAMBRA
    PEDILU'VIUM ,, from
    Ysambra.
    pedes,' the feet,' and other lesions of muscular contractility super
    lado, ' I wash , ' Lavipe'dium , ( F.) Bain de pieds.
    vene . It is a singular , endemic affection .
    A bath for the feet. See Bath.
    PELLICULA SUMMA , Epidermis - p. Su
    perior, Epidermis .
    PEDION , Sole.
    PEDIUM , Tarsus . PELLIS, Cutis - p. Summa, Epidermis.
    PELLITORY,
    PEDONCULES DU CERVELET, Corpora mica BASTARD Achillea ptar
    Anthemis, pyrethrum
    - p. of Spain, - p.
    restiformia . Wall , Parietaria.
    PEDORA. The sordes of the eyes, ears, and PELMA, Sole .
    feet. PELOTE DE MER, Pila marina.
    PED'UNCLE, Pedun'culus. This term has PELTIGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus.
    been applied to different prolongations or ap PELUDE , Pelicide.
    pendices of the encephalon. Thus , the Pedun
    PELVIC , Pel'cicus,
    cles of the brain are the Crura cerebri; the Pe relating Pelvinus. Belonging or
    duncles of the cerebellum , the Crura cerebelli. to the pelvis.
    The Pelvic Cavity , (F.) Cavité peltienne,
    The PEDUNCLES OF THE BRAIN, called also is the cavity of the pelvis.
    Crura anterio'ra medullæ oblonga'te, are two The PELVIC SURFACE OF THE IL'IUM is that
    white cords,about fths of an inch in diameter, which faces the pelvic cavity .
    on the outside of the corpora albicantia. They The Pelvic MEMBERS are the lower extre
    arise from the medullary substance of thc brain , mities.
    and gradually approach, till they join the tuber M. J. Cloquet gives the name Pelvic APO
    annulare. They are formed, internally, of a NEURO'sis, ( F.) Aponévrose pelvienne, to an apo
    mixture of cineritious and medullary matter; neurotic expansion , of greater or less thickness,
    the former of which, being of a darker colour which is attached to the brim of the pelvis, be
    at one point than in any other part of the brain, ing continuous with the fascia iliaca and the
    has been called Locus niger crurum cerebri. aponeurotic expansion of the psoas parvus.
    The PEDUNCLES OF THE CEREBELLUM ,called This aponeurosis forms a kind of resisting par.
    also Crura posterio'ra, arise from the inedullary tition, which effectually supports the perito
    i
    PELVI- TROCHANTERIAN 521 PENICILLUS

    neum ,and has several apertures, through which


    different organs pass .
    well formed woman , it is elliptical, and slightly
    inclined forwards. Its antero -posterior or sacro
    PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN, Peloi-trochan. pubic diameter, in a standard pelvis, measures
    teria'nus. That which relates to the pelvis and 43 inches, but with the soft parts, 38 inches;
    great trochanter. The Pelvi-trochunte'rian re- its transverse or iliac or lateral, 54 inches, with
    gion is formed by the muscles - pyramidalis, the soft parts 4 inches; and its oblique with the
    tro obturators, gemini, and quadratus femoris, soft parts , 48 inches.
    which pass from the pelvis to the digital cavity The Outlet, (F.) Détroit inférieur, D. peri
    of the great trochanter. néal, Er'itus, Inferior opening , Angus'tia peri
    PELVIM'ETER, Pelycom'etrum, Pelyom'- næa'lis , forms the lower aperture of the pelvis.
    etrum , from pelvis, and metgov , ' a measure .' A The antero -posterior diameter is here, on ac
    barbarous hybrid. This name has been given count of the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches ;
    to different instruments, invented for measuring the lateral, 4 inches.
    the diameters of the pelvis, and , particularly , The Axis OF THE Pelvis is important to be
    the antero- posterior or fore -and-aft diameter known in obstetrics . The Aris of the Brim is
    of thebrim . Two have been chiefly employed ; indicated by a straight line drawn from the um
    especially by French practitioners—the Compas bilicus to the apex of the coccyx :-the Azis of
    d'épaisseur, and the Pelvimeter of Coutouly. the Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone of
    i . The Compas D'EPAISSEUR or Cal'ipers is the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina.
    formed like a pair of compasses- with blunt Pelvis OF THE Kidney , Pelvis rena'lis,Sinus,
    extremities — the branches of which can be Venter seu Aldus Renum , ( F. ) Bassinet. This
    moved at will. One of these is applied to the is a small, membranous pouch, occupying the
    symphysis pubis, and the other on the sacrum posterior part of the fissure of the kidney. It
    About 3 inches must be deducted from this is placed behind the renal artery and vein ; is
    measurement for the thickness of the mons ve- elongated from above to below ; flattened from
    neris, pubis, and the base of the sacrum . before to behind ; irregularly oval in figure ;
    the2.instruments
    The PelviMETER
    used byof shoemakers
    Coutouly resembles
    for mea. and , below,
    tinuous with contracts considerably,
    the ureter. to be con.
    It receives the ori
    suring the length of the foot. The two branches fices of the infundibula, which pour the urine
    are introduced, in a state of approximation , secreted in the kidney into its cavity.
    into the vagina ; and then separated, so that Pelvis AURIUM , Cochlea - p. Cerebri, Infun. 1
    one touches the promontory of the sacrum , the dibulum of the brain - p. Ocularis, Scaphium
    other comes behind the os pubis . It is a bar- oculare .
    barous contrivance, and its introduction ought PELYCOMETRUM , Pelvimeter.
    never to be attempted on the living subject . It PELYOMETRUM , Pelvimeter.
    does not, indeed, seem possible to introduce it PEM'PHIGUS, Febris bullo'sa , vesicula'ris,
    without mischief. ampullo'sa seu pemphygo'des seu pemphingo'des,
    The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, Eranthe'ma sen o'sum ,Morla , Pemphigus Hels
    and by it we can judge whether the base of the vel'icus, Pemphigus major, Pemphigus minor,
    sacrum be unusually prominent. Morbus bullosus, Pemphinx , Pemphix, Typhus
    PELVIS , Cho'ana , Pyelos, (F.) Bassin ; so desicularis, Vesicular Feder, Bladdery Fever.
    called , because fancied to be shaped like an A disease , defined to consist of vesicles, scat
    ancient basin. The part of the trunk which tered over the body; transparent, filbert-sized,
    bounds the abdomen below . It is a large, bony , with a red, inflamed edge, but without sur
    irregular, conoidal cavity , -- open above and be rounding blush or tumefaction ; on breaking,
    low ,—which supports and contains a part of disposed to ulcerate; fluid, pellucid or slightly
    the intestines, and the urinary and genital or coloured ; fever, typhous. It is doubtful whe
    gans ; and serves, at the same time, as a fixed ther any such idiopathic fever has ever existed ;
    point for the articulation of the lower limbs, the the probability is , that the fever and vesications
    attachment of their muscles, and the execution have been an accidental complication.
    of their movements. The pelvis supports, be- The Pemphigus Heloeticus, Cullen thinks,
    hind , the vertebral column, and is sustained , must have been malignant sore throat. If,
    before, by the ossa femorum. It is situate , in however, such a distinct disease did exist, it
    the adult, near the middle part of the body , and was probably only as an endemico -epidemic.
    is composed of four broad , flat, unequally thick PEMPHIGUS VÁRIOLODES. See Varicella.
    bones, differing much in their shape, size , and PEMPHINX , Pemphigus.
    arrangement, which touch , are articulated at PEMPHIX , Pemphigus .
    some part of their surface, and intimately uni- PENÆA SARCOCOLLA , Sarcocolla .
    ted by means of a number of ligamentous fasciæ . PENCIL - LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro
    Of these bones , two are behind, on the median cesses.
    line , -the sacrum and coccyx ; the two others PEN'ETRATING , Pen'etrans. A wound is
    are before and at the sides,-the ilia. They are so called which penetrates one of the great
    fellows, and unite, before , with each other . splanchnic cavities.- l'ulnus penetrans.
    The most important parts of the pelvis, in A medicine is, also , so called , which is sup
    an obstetrical point of view , are the brim and posed to pass through the pores and stimulate.
    PENICILLUM
    the outlet. , Compress.
    The Brim , Angustia abdomina'lis, Intro'itus PENICIL'LÚS , Penicillum . A tent or
    or Upper Opening of the Cavity of the Pelvis, pledget, ( q . v . ) The secreting, glandiform
    (F.) Détroit supérieur, D. abdominal, is the nar- extremities of the vena portæ , ( Acini biliosi,)
    row part, which separates the greater pelvis have also been so termed, as well as the villous
    from the less — the false from the true. In the textures .
    66
    PENICULUM 522 PERCUTEUR

    PENICILLUS, Tent. PENTATH'ETON Name of a plaster for


    PENICULUM , Compress. bruises, excoriations , &c.
    PENICULUS, Tent. PEPANSIS , Coction , Maturation .
    PENIDES , Saccharum hordeatum . PEPANTICOS, Maturative .
    PENTD'IUM , Penidium sacchara'tum . A PEPASMOS, Coction , Maturation.
    kind of clarified sugar, made up into rolls. PEPASTIC , Pepus'ticus, from renaivw , ' I
    Barley sugar. It is demulcent. concoct . ' A medicine, supposed to have the
    PENIL , Mons veneris. power of favouring the concoction of diseases.
    PENIS ,Caulis, Coles, Caules, Men'tula, Menta, Maturative, (q. v .)
    Phallus, Posthë, Crithë, Pria'pus, Virga, V'. PEPPER , BLACK , Piper nigrum - p. Cay
    viri'lis, V. genita'lis, Vere'trum , Sathe,Membrum enne, Capsicum annuum - p. Cubeb, Piper cu
    viri'le, Membrum , Verbus, Viri'le, Pars Viri'lis, beba - p. Guinea, Capsicum annuum - p. Ja
    Membrum seminalë seu genitale viro'rum , Sic' maica , Myrtus Pimento - p. Long , Piper longum
    ula, Tentum , Hasta, H. nuptia'lis, Cauda salax, -p: Poor-man's, Polygonum hydropiper - p.
    Cauda, Fas'cinum , F. viri'le, Muto, Nervus, N. Tailed, Piper cubeba - p. Water, Polygonum
    fistulo'sus seu fistula'ris, Scapus, Vena, Contus, hydropiper -- p. Wall , Sedum - p. While , Piper
    Telum, Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum , Hortus, Arma Ven- album.
    tris, Columna adstans inguinibus, Colum'na, PEPPERWORT , Lepidium .
    Pyz'amis, Trubs, Spina, Catapulta riri'lis, Ver. PEPSIS , Coction, Digestion .
    pa, Muchæ'ra, Tauros ; the Yard, Male organ , PEPTIC, Pep'ticus, from NENTO , I ripen .'
    & c., ( F.) Verge, Membre viril. This organ, A substance which promotes digestion, or is
    the use of which is to carry the seminal fluid into digestive.
    the female organs of generation , is cylindroid , PERCE -CRANE, Perforator.
    long , and erectile , and situate before and beneath
    PERCE -FEUILLE, Bupleurum rotun
    the symphysis pubis. In the ordinary state , it difolium .
    is soft and pendent in front of the scrotum . PERCE-MOUSSE, Polytrichum .
    During erection , it becomes elongated, upright, PERCE - PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum .
    and assumes a triangular shape . Its upper sur PERCEP'TA . A word used by some writers
    face is called the Dorsum Penis, (F.) Dos de la on Hygiene to indicate , in a general manner,
    verge ; and , at its inferior surface , there is a the effects of the nervous action on the animal
    longitudinal projection formed by the canal of economy ; in other words, the sensations, the
    the urethra. functions of the mind , and their deterioration
    The two sides of the penis are round ; and its or privation.
    posterior extremity or root is attached to the pel- PERCEP'TION , Percep'tio, from percip'ere,
    vis. Its anterior extremity is free, and presents to conceive,'' receive.' The sensation which
    the glans, prepuce , and orifice of the urethra. the brain has of an impression made on an
    The penis is formed of the corpora cavernosa, organ of sense .
    the principal seat of erection ; the corpus spon- PERCEPTIVITY. Same etymon . The
    giosum of the urethra for the conveyance of power ofperception .
    the urine and sperm , and of the glans, which PERCOLATIO, Filtration , (q. v. )
    terminates the canal. PERCOLATION . The term percolation, or
    Penis Cerebri , Pineal gland—p. Muliebris, displacement,
    Clitoris .
    has been recently applied in
    pharmacy to an operation , which consists in
    PENNIFORM , Pennifor'mis, from pennek a placing any substance, the virtues of which
    pen . ' An epithet for muscles, whose fleshy have to be extracted by a menstruum , on
    fibres are inserted on each side ofa middle ten . a funnel, having a septum perforated with
    don , like the feathers of a pen on their common boles, or its tube stuffed with cotton or tow, and
    stalk . pouring fresh and fresh portions of the men
    PENNYCRESS , Thlaspi . struum upon it until all its virtues are extracted .
    PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium-p. The operation is used in the formation of cer
    Hart's , Mentha cervina . tain infusions, extracts, tinctures, & c .
    PENSÉE, Viola tricolor - p. Sauvage, Viola PERCUSSION , AUSCULTĂTORY, see
    tricolor. Acouophonia.
    PENTAMÄYRON , Pentama'ron, from merte, Percus'sion, Epicrousis, etixpovoiş, Percus'
    ' five,'and pupov, “ ointment.' An ancientoint- sio, from percu'tere, ' to strike. When imme
    ment, consisting of five ingredients. — Paulus diute or direct percussion is made on the chest
    and Aëtius . These are said to have been - or abdomen , the more or less perfect resonance
    storax, mastich , wax , opobalsam , and unguen- is an index of the state of the contained organs ;
    tum nardinum . and the physician is thus aided in his diagnosis.
    PENTAPHARMACON , from nevie, ' five ,' For this purpose , the chest may be struck with
    and qapucxov , remedy .' Any medicine con- the fingers, gathered into a bundle, and their
    sisting of five ingredients. tips placed upon a level . It is better, however,
    PENTAPHYLLUM , Potentilla reptans. to employ Mediate percussion , which consists in
    PEN’TATEUCH , (SURGICAL,) Pentateu'-interposing, between the point of the fingers
    chus, which signifies the five books of Moses , and the chest, the finger of the other hand, or
    Genesis, Exodus,Leviticus, Numbers, and Deu- the Plexim'eter, (q . v .,) and striking this instead
    teronomy. By analogy , some surgeons have of the naked chest.
    given the name Surgical Pentateuch to the di- PERCUTEUR COURBE A MARTEAU,
    vision of external diseases into five classes :- ( F. ) An instrument used by Baron Heurteloup
    wounds, ulcers, tumours, luxations , and frac . in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham .
    iures , mer is employed instead of a screw, to force
    PERDONIUM 523 PERICHONDRIUM

    together the blades of the instrument on the twitchings in the neighbourhood of the heart,
    foreign body. shooting up to the left shoulder ; pulsation ,
    PËRDO'NIUM . In Paracelsus, a medicated and sometimes soreness of the carotids , with
    wine of herbs . tinnitus aurium and vertigo: the breathing is
    PER FORANS. A name given to different by catches: dyspnea considerable : pulse jar
    muscles , whose tendons pass through intervals ring, jerking , peculiar : the tongue white , co
    between the fibres or tendons ofother muscles ; vered with a mucous coat, and the skin often
    thence called perforated . See Flexor Longus bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatisın.
    Digitorum , &c . The physical signs during the first period ,
    Ūnder the name Per' forating Ar'teries, are are as follows. The action of the heart is ge.
    included, 1. In the hand - arterial branches , nerally evident to the eye, and may be felt by
    given off by the profound pałınar arch , which the hand . There is soreness to the touch ,over
    traverse the muscles and interosseous spaces. the intercostal spaces, and over a small surface
    2. In the thigh - three or four arteries, furnished in the epigastric region, when the pressure is
    by the profunda, wirich pass through the open- directed upwards towards the pericardium .
    ings of the adductor magnus. 3. In the foot , Percussion is usually natural , but at times there
    the anterior and superior branches of the plan is dulness. On auscultation , the cardiac move.
    tar arch . ments are found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking,
    PERFORANS CASSERII. See Cutaneous—p . and tumultuous ; often irregular and intermit
    Manus, Flexor profundus perforans—p . Pro- tent. The pulse presents corresponding cha
    fundus, Flexor longus digitorum pedis profun- racters.
    dus perforans. When effusion of lymph has occurred , per
    PERFORA’TION , Perfora'tio, Anatre'sis, cussion may be negative, or be but slightly af
    from perfordre, “ to pierce .' An accidental fected. On auscultation, in addition to the pre
    opening in the continuity of organs, either from ceding signs, there may be one or more of the
    an external or internal cause. rubbing or friction bruils ( q. v .) resembling the
    PERFORATION, Paracentesis — p. Uteri, Uterus, ing
    rustling of parchment, or of a sawing or rasp
    character. In some cases, the sound is
    rupture of the .
    PERFORATOR, (F.) Perce-crane. An in- like the creaking of new leather. This has
    strument for opening the head of the fætus in been supposed to be pathognomonic of effused
    utero, when it is necessary to diminish its size . lymph .
    The operation is calledCephaloto'mia. The most important point, in the pathology
    PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced . of pericarditis, is its connexion with acute
    Anatomists have given this name to muscles, rheumatism : and it forms one of the most dan
    whose fibres or tendons separate , to suffer other gerous occurrences in the latter disease. It
    parts to pass through them . Such are the Flexor may be acute or chronic: in either case it is , of
    brevis Digitorum pedis, ( q. v.) F. sublimis per. course, formidable.
    foratus, and Coraco-brachialis. (q. v.) The most active depletion must be used ; with
    Perforatus CASSERII,Coracobrachialis. large doses of opium , counter-irritants, and all
    PERFRICTIO , Catapsyz'is, Peripsyr'is, from the means required in the most violent internal
    perfrig''ere, “ to be cold . Considerable refrige- inflammations.
    ration . Great sense of cold :-shivering. PERICAR'DIUM , Pericar'dion , Membrana
    PERFRIGERATIO . See Rigor. Cor circumflex'a, Involu'crum seu Arcula seu
    PERFUSIO, Fomentation . Capsa seu Cap'sula seu Cam'era seu Indumen'
    PERI, TEQI , about,on all sides, round about. ' tum seu Panniculus seu Membra'na seu Theca
    An augmentative prefix . Hence : seu Sacculus Cordis, Sac or Capsule of the Heart,
    PERIAMMA , Amuletum . Arca Cordis, ( F. ) Péricarde, from 7pi, ' around ,
    PERIAPTON , Amuletum. and xaodia , the heart. ' The pericardium is a
    PERIBLEMA, Catablema. membranous sac , which envelops the heart ,
    PERIBLEP'SIS, from arpe, around ,' and and the arterial and venous trunks that pass
    Blerra , ' I look . The wild look that accompa- from or into it. It is seated in the separation
    nies delirium.-Foësius. of the mediastinum , above the central aponelle
    PERIB'OLE, from rigBadhon, ' I surround.' rosis of the diaphragm , to which it strongly ad
    The dress of a person. Also, the translation of heres . Its shape is triangular like that of the
    morbific matters towards the surface of the heart; to which it is fitted. The pericardium
    body. is composed of two membranes :—the one - ex
    PERIBRO'SIS, Pericrasis, from 7180_Bowozw , ternal -- fibrous; the other - internal - serous.
    I eat around . ' Úlceration or erosion at the The latter , having lined the inner surface of the
    corners of the eyelids . external layer, is reflected over the heart, and
    PERICARDI'TIS , from nepirandior,“the peri- covers it entirely; without, however, having
    cardium . Inflamma'tion of the Pericardium , the heart within it ; in which arrangement it
    ( F.) Péricardite. This is , probably , the proper resembles other serous membranes .
    appellation for most of those cases ,which have The pericardium envelops the heart; retains
    received the name of Carditis, Cardipericardi'tis. it in position, and facilitates its movements by
    Along with signs of pyrexia, the local symp- means of the serous fluid, Liquor seu Aqua seu
    toms resemble those of pneumonia. Such as Humor seu Lympha Pericar'dii, Hydrocardia ,
    point out that the pericardium is the seat of dis- which it contains in greater or less quantity.
    ease are the following :-pain , referred to the PERICARPIUM , Epicarpium .
    region of the heart, or scrobiculus cordis,- PERICHONDRIUM , from 71801, " around , '
    sometimes pungent, at others, dull and hea- and yovdoos, “ a cartilage. ' A membrane of a
    vy : palpitation, accompanied with spasmodic fibrous nature , which covers cartilages, that are
    PERICHRISIS 524 PERIOSTOSIS

    non -articular, and bears considerable analogy | fibrous membranes of the kidney, or of their
    to the periosteum in organization and uses. investing adipose cellular tissue.- Rayer.
    PERICHRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment. PERINEURION , Neurilema.
    PERICHRISTON , Circumlitio, Liniment. PERINYC'TIDES, from 718pl , and rus,
    PERICLASIS , from 894, about,' and xław, night.' An eruption, appearing at night and
    I break.' A comminuted fracture ,with denu- disappearing by day.- Erotian.
    dation of the bone . Galen , Foësius . PERIOD, Periodus, Periodeia, Periodeusis,
    PERICLIMENUM , Lonicera periclymenum. Circu'itus, from 7pi, about,' and odos, 'way.
    PERICNEMIA , from 701, about ,' and Circuit. Periods are the different phases or
    xrrun, the leg. The parts surrounding the revolutions of a disease . The epochs, which
    tibia : - the tibia itself. are distinguishable in the course of a disease.
    PERICRA'NIUM , Pericra'nion , from TT & Q1, Three periods are commonly enumerated. 1.
    around ,' and roaviov, " the cranium.' The The augmentation, increase, or progress ( In.
    periosteum, which covers the cranium exter- cremen'tum ); 2. The acme or height, ( F.) État
    nally . ( Status ;) and , 3. The decline ( Decrementum .)
    PERICRASIS , Peribrosis . Some authors reckon only the invasion and
    PERIDESMIC , Perides'micus; from περι ,, termination .
    y around,' and deopos, a ligament.' Some no- Period is sometimes used , in describing an
    sologists have given this name to ischuria caused intermittent, for the time between the com
    by a ligature round the penis or by stricture of mencement of a paroxysm and that of the next,
    the urethra . including the fit as well as interval.
    PERIDIASTOLE. See Diastole. PERIODEIA , Period .
    PERID'ROMOS, from neol , about,' and PERIODEUSIS , Period.
    opoulos, ' a course . ' The extreme circumference PERIODEUTES, Charlatan .
    of ihe hairs of the head . — Gorræus. PERIODIC''ITY, Periodic "' itas ; same ety .
    PERIÆR'ESIS , from neor , about,' and
    mon . The aptitude of certain physiological
    alqw, ' I take away .! A sort of circular in and pathological phenomena, in health or dis
    cision , which the ancients made in the neigh - ease, to recur at particular periods, after longer
    bourhood of large abscesses. The periæresis is or shorter intervals, during which intervals they
    now only practised in some cases of tumours . cease completely : Diseases, thus recurring,
    PERIÉSTICOS, Salutary. are called Periodical.
    PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland. See
    Tongue. PERIODYN'IA , from Tepi,and oduvn, -pain .'
    PÉRIGRAPHE, from περιγράφω, " I circum A circumscribed and acute pain . - Hippoc.
    PERIONE , Decidua.
    scribe.' The aponeurotic intersections of the PERIOR'BITE , from Tipi , ' around,' and or'.
    rectus abdominis are so called .-- Vesalius.
    PERILYMPH , Cotunnius, liquor of. bita, ' the orbit.' An appellation used, by some,
    PERIMYSIUM , Fascia. for the periosteum lining the orbit. The in
    PERIN , angır. ' With some, this means the flammation of this periosteum is termed Perior
    bi'tis or Periorbiti'tis.
    scrotum , q. v.;) with others, the testicle ; with PERIOS'TEUM, Perios'teon , Perios'teos,
    others, the perinæum ; and , with others, the anus.
    PERIN JOCEʼLE, from negiraior,' the per- Perios'tium , Circumossa'lē, Membra'na ossis,
    inæum,' and unan, rupture. Hernia in the Omen'tum ossium, Circumossa'lis Membra'na,
    perinæum . from 7801, ' around,' and ootkov, ' a bone .' The
    PERINÆUM, Interfemineum , Perineum , periosteum is a fibrous,white , resisting medium
    Gressura, Plechas, Am'phiplex , Peche'deon , which surrounds thebones ' every where, ex
    Mesos'celon, Perineon, Perinæos, Perineos, Or- cept the teeth at their coronæ , and the parts of
    rhos, Tramis, Tauros, Interforamincum ,Cochone, other bones that are covered with cartilage.
    Plichos, Mesomerion, Fæmen, Regio Perinæi, The external surface is united, in a more or
    ( F.) Périnée ; from 1801 , ' around,' and rateit , less intimate manner, to the neighbouring parts
    to dwell.' The space at the inferior region of by cellular tissue. Its inner surface covers the
    the trunk, between the ischiatic tuberosities, bone , whose depressions it accurately follows.
    anus, and genital organs. It is smaller in the It is united to the bone by small, fibrous pro
    female than in the male ; has a triangular longations; and, especially, by a prodigious
    quantity of vessels, which penetrate their sub
    shape; and is divided into two equal parts by stance .
    a inedian line , called Raphe. It is occasionally The periosteum unites the bones to the neigh
    in labour.
    rupturedand The part between the pu
    dendum anus is sometimes called ante'rior bouring parts. It assists in their growth , either
    perine'um , to distinguish it from the part which by furnishing, at its inner surface, as M. Béc
    extends from the anus to the coccyx, called lard demonstrated, an albuminous exudation ,
    poste'rior perina'um . which becomes cartilaginous , and at length
    PERINE'AL , Perinæus, Perinea'lis. That ossifies ; -or by supporting the vessels , which
    which relates or belongs to the perinæum ; as penetrate them to carry the materials of their
    Perineal artery, Hernia , & c. nutrition. See Medullary membrane .
    IschU'R'A PERINEALIS. A name , given by PERIOSTEUM INTERNUM, Medullary mem
    Sauvages to retention of urine, caused by a brane.
    tumour seated in the perineum . PERIOSTOʻSIS . Tumour of the periosteum .
    PÉRINÉE , Perinæum . Tumours are so called , which are developed on
    PERINEPHRI'TIS, from repi , ' around , ' bones, and formed by their outer membrane .
    repos, kidney ;' and itis, denoting inflamma- These tumours are more rapidly developed,
    cion. Inflammation of the external cellular and have a less degree of consistence, and sooner
    PERIPHIMOSIS 525 PERITONITIS

    disperse than exostoses, which they resemble lance irregular, but in which the circular fibres
    greatly. of the muscular membrane of the intestine con
    PERIPHIMOSIS , Paraphimosis. tract , successively , from above downwards, in
    PERIPLEUMONIA , Peripneumonia. proportion as the chyme advances in the ali
    PERIPÖLYSIS, from epi, and rivois, ' the mentary canal ; so that, being compressed above,
    act of washing .' Proflu'vium .
    A copious dis- it is pushed into the next portion of the intestine,
    charge from any part, especially from the whose fibres are in a state of relaxation. When
    bowels. the fibres contract inversely , they occasion an
    PERIPNEUMOʻNIA , Peripleumonia, True antiperistaltic action.
    peripneu 'mony, from Tepi, ' around ,' and a vevuwv, The peristaltic action is involuntary, and is
    the lung. Inflammation of the substance of not under the immediate influence of either
    the lungs . - See Pneumonia. brain or spinal marrow . It continues for some
    PERIPNEUMONIA Bilio'sa . Inflammation of time after death .
    the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever. PERISTOMA , Peristroma .
    PERIPNEUMONIA CATARRHALIS, P. notha - p. PERISTROʻMA , Peristo'ma, Muscus villo'
    Pituitosa , P. notha. sus, Crusta membrana'cea , Crusta vermicula'ris,
    PeriPNEUMO'NIA CATARRHA'lis . Bronchitis from nepi , ' around ,' and otpuvvumi, " to spread.'
    or pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part The villous or mucous coat of the intestines.
    of the chest. Castelli .
    PERIPNEUMONIA Notha, P.; spu’ria, P.pitur PERISYS'TOLE, from nep", " about,' and
    to'sa , P. catartha'lis, Blennotho'rar, Obstructio ovotoàn, ' a contraction .' The interval , that
    pulmonum pituito'sa febri'lis,Bronchi'tis asthen'- exists between the systole and diastole of the
    ica, False or Bastard Peripneu'mony, (F.) Péri- heart, which is only perceptible in the dying.
    pneumonie bâtarde ou fausse. An inexact name, -Bartholine .
    onder which some affections are comprised that PERITERION , Trépan perforatif.
    resemble pneumonia ; and , especially chronic PERITESTIS, Albuginea .
    bronchitis with pleurodynia .– See Bronchitis PÉRITOINE, Peritoneum.
    ( PERITOME, Circumcision.
    PERIPNEUMONY, BASTARD, Peripneu- PERITONÆRIX'IS , Peritonæorex'is, from
    monia notha . Epitorator, ' the peritoneum ,' and gryvuw , ' I
    LATENT PERIPNEUMONY is that whose symp- break .' Hernia formed by a rupture of the
    toms are so obscure as to be recognised with peritonæum .
    . difficulty. PERITONÆUM , Peritone'um , Peritona'on ,
    PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis , Perfrictio . Peritonei'on, Peritona'os, Peritoni'on, Perito
    PERIPYE'MA, from riot, - about,' and nuov , neos , Velamen'tum abdominale, Tunica præten'sa
    pus.' Suppuration around an organ ;-a tooth, seu Operimentum prætensum seu Membra'na ab
    for example . dom'inis, Zephuch , Ziphac, (F. ) Périloine, from
    PERIRRH'A, from meg!,' about,' and new , TED"," around,' and teivw ,“ I stretch. A serous
    I flow .' Afflux of fluids from every point of membrane, which lines the abdominalcavity ;
    the body towards an organ which has to re. extends over the greater part ofthe organs con
    move them from the economy. Also, Enu- tained there ; envelops them wholly or in part,
    resis, (q. v .) and maintains their respective relations by
    PERISCELIS, Jarretière. means of different prolongations and ligament.
    PERISCYPHISMUS, Periscythis'mus, Pe- ous folds :-the mesentery, epiploon , mesocolon,
    riscy thisis, Periscytis'mus, Periscy'tisis, Sculp. & c. ( 9. v .) Like all the serous membranes,the
    ing, from 7 epi, 'around,' and Exvons, ' a Scy- peritoneum is a sort of sac without aperture,
    thian ,' i. e . scalping after the manner of the which covers the abdominal organs, without
    Scythians.' An operation,described by Paulus containing them within it, and the internal sur
    of Ægina. It consisted of an incision made face of which is smooth, and lubricated by a
    around the cranium , and was employed in serous fluid.
    habitual weakness of the eyes, pains of the In the male fætus, the peritoneum furnishes
    head, &c. a prolongation, which accompanies the testicle
    PERISCYTHISMUS, Periscyphismus. at the time of its descent, and , in the female
    PERISPHAL'SIS, Circumduc'tio , from itepi , fætus, forms the Canal of Nuck , (q. v.) Below
    about,' and opaliw , ' I move.' A circular mo- the neck of the gall-bladder, theperitonæum has
    tion impressed on a luxated bone, for the pur- a triangular opening, called the Foramen or
    pose of reducing it. Hiatus of Winslow , ( q. v.) through which it pro
    PERISTALTIC ACTION , Peristole . ceeds behind the stomach , to form a sort of
    PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Cir- secondary cavity , called the posterior cavity of
    cumflexus musculus- p. Inferior,Circumflexus the peritoneum , (F.) Arrière cavité péritonéale
    musculus- p .Internus, Levator palati. ou CaritédesEpiploons.
    PERISTÉRIUM, Verbena officinalis. PERITONI'TIS , Empres'ma Peritonitis, Pe.
    PERISTER'NA, from hebt , about,' and ritonai'tis, Cauma Peritonitis, Phlegmasia or In .
    Otepror, the sternum .' The lateral parts of flammation of the Peritona'um. The character.
    the chest . istic signs of acute inflammation of the perito .
    PERIS’TOLE, Motus Peristalticus, M. com- næum are ,-violent pain in the abdomen, in.
    pressorius seu vermicula'ris seu testudineus, creased by the slightest pressure, often by the
    from 1:01, 'around,' and otellw, ' I contract, ' 1 simple weight of the bed-clothes. It generally
    close ' The peristaltic action of the intestines, occurs in the parturient state ; and begins on
    Molus peristalticus. It consists of a kind of the second or third day after delivery. At times,
    undulation or vermicular movement, in appear- I a malignant epidemic, and perhaps contagious ,
    PERITTOMA 526 PERSPIRATION

    variety hasmade its appearance, and destroyed | Tibi-péronéo-tarsien , Long peronier latéral, Pé
    numbers of females. rondo -sous-tarsien (Ch.,) (F.) Muscle grand pé .
    This has been described under the name ronier . This muscle is situate at the outer part
    Puerperal Fever , but it really seems to be a ma- of the leg. It is long, thick , and triangular
    lignant inflammation of the peritoneum and above ; thin, narrow , and flat below . It is at
    uterus, Metroperitonitis. tached, above, to the outer edge of the upper
    In any form it requires the most active treat- extremity of the fibula, and to the upper third
    ment, early employed. The appearances, on of the outer surface of that bone. " Below , it
    dissection, are such as occur whenever a serous terminates at the outer part of the posterior ex
    membrane has been inflamed, and such inflam- tremity of the first metatarsal bone. This mus.
    mation has produced death :-effusion of fluid cle extends the foot on the leg, turning its
    with flakes of coagulable lymph in it ; appear- point outward, and raising its outer edge. It
    ances of vascularity, & c ., in the membrane. acts , also , upon the leg, which it extends on
    The treatment-in active peritonitis - must the foot.
    consist of the same course as recommended PERONÆUS TERTIUS, -- Nonus Vesa'lii, Pé.
    under Enteritis , (q. v.). In the chronic kind, ronier antérieur, Petit péronéo-sus-métatarsien
    symptoms must be combated as they arise, and (Ch.,) (F.) Petit Péronier. A muscle, situate
    it may be advisable to excite a new action in at the anterior, outer, and inferior part of the
    the systeni by means of mercury . leg . It is long and flat, and is attached, above,
    In the epidemic and malignant variety ,unless to the inferior third of the anterior margin and
    bleeding be freely employed at the very outset, inner surface of the fibula ; terminating,below ,
    it does harm. If used early, it is of the most at the posterior extremity of the 5th metatarsal
    decided advantage. Every thing depends upon bone. This muscle bends the foot on the leg,
    by raising its outer edge. It can , also, bend
    arresting the morbid process at the outset.
    PERITTOMA , Excrement. thelegon the foot.
    PERIWINKLE , LESSER, Vinca minor. The PERONEAL ARTERY, or Fibular A. , arises
    PERIZOMA , from nepečovruut, to gird from the popliteal, and is situate deeply at the
    around.' A bandage, girdle. In Fabricius Hil- posterior and outer part of the leg. It gives
    danus, a truss . off branches of little importance . Near the
    PER'KINISM . A therapeutical means, first outer ankle , it divides into two branches. 1 .
    employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich , The posterior peroneal,which descends behind
    Connecticut, towards the termination of the the lower joint of the fibula , on the outer sur
    last century, and named after him. It consist. face of the calcaneum. 2. The anterior pero
    ed in drawing over affected or other parts the neal, which crosses the inferior extremity of
    pointed extremities of two metallic rods, called the interosseous ligament, to be distributed on
    Metallic Tractors, each made of a different the dorsal surface of the foot.
    metal . The PERONEAL Vein follows the same course
    The success obtained was through the in . as the artery.
    fluence of the imagination ; and , consequently, PERONZO-LATÉRAL, COURT, Peronæus
    it ranks as high as animal magnetism (q. v.) brevis - p. Phalanginien du gros orteil, Flexor
    but no higher. The operation was, also, called longus pollicis pedis — p. Sous-phalangettien du
    Tractora'tion . pouce, Flexor longus pollicis pedis — p. Sous
    PERLA , Pearl. tarsien, Peronæus longus - p. Sus-métatarsien ,
    PERLE, Pear ). Peronæus tertins — p . Sus-métatarsien , grand ,
    PERMOTIO , Motion . Peroneus brevis - p. Sus-phalangettien du pouce,
    PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious. Extensor proprius pollicis pedis - p. Tibi-sus
    PERNIO, Chilblain . phalangettien commun, Extensor communis di
    PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digito- gitorum pedis - p. Sus-phalangien du pouce,
    rum pedis profundus perforans. Extensor proprius pollicis pedis.
    PEROME'LIA , from anos , ' wanting,' and PÉRONIER, GRAND, Peronæus longus - p.
    usios , ' a limb.' Congenital misconstruction , Lateral, long, Peronæus longus - p. Moyen, Pe
    or mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the ronæus brevis - p . Petit, Peronæus tertius.
    nosology of Good . PEROSPLANCH'NICA , from anoos, want.
    PÉRONÉ, Fibula — p. col du, Collum fibulæ . ing,' and othayxror, ' a viscus. Congenital
    PERONE'AL, Perónæus, from teporn, ' the misconstruction of ihe viscera. A genus in
    fibula.' Belonging or relating to the fibula.the Nosology of Good.
    The Peroneal Muscles are three in number. PERPERACU'TUS. Extremely acute. An
    1. PERONÆUS BREVIS, P. secundus, P. anti'- epithet applied to very violent and rapid dis
    cus, P. Medius, Semi-fibula'us,Grand péronéo-
    (F.) eases .
    sus-métatarsien, Court péronéo -latéral, PERROSIN . See Pinus abies.
    Moyen Péronier. A muscle , situate beneath PERSICAIRE DOUCE , Persicaria.
    the peronæus longus. It is attached , above, PERSICARIA , Polygonum Persicaria-p .
    to the outer surface of the fibula, and termi- Urens , Polygonum hydropiper.
    nates, below , at the posterior extremity of the PERSIL, Apium petroselinum - p . d'Ane,
    5th metatarsal bone, after having been reflected Chærophyllum sylvestre - p. de Macédoine, Bu
    beneath the malleolus externus. It extends bon Macedonicum-p.de Montagne, Athamanta
    the foot upon the leg , at the same time raising aureoselinum .
    a little the outer edge. It may, also, act upon PERSIMMON , Diospyros Virginiana.
    the leg, and extend it upon the foot. PERSPIRA'TION , Perspira'tio, Transpira'
    PERONÆUS Longus , Peronæus primus seu tio , Diffla'tio, Diap'noe, Diupna'a, from per,
    posti'cus, P. max'imus seu poste'rior, P. primus, through ,' and spira'ré, " to breathe, exhale.'
    PERSUDATIO 527 PETRO SALPINGO-PHARYNGEUS

    The insensible transpiration or exhalation , con- PERVIGILIUM , Insomnia, Coma Vigil.


    tinually going on at the surface of the skin and PES , Pous, nous, ( F.) Pied , ' the foot. The
    membranes. Sensible perspiration is called sweat. inferior extremity of the abdominal member,
    The perspiratory fluid is secreted by an ap- representing a bony arch, an elastic vault,
    propriate apparatus, termed by Breschet Diap- which transmits the weight of the body to the
    nogenous, and consisting of a secreting pa- ground. It is divided into three parts ;-the
    renchyma, situate in the true skin , and of spiral tarsus, metatarsus, and toes, ( q. v.)
    ducts, which open obliquely under the scales of Pes ALEXANDRINUS, Anthemis Pyrethum
    the epidermis. A certain portion of the per- p . Cati , Antennaria Dioica - p. Equinus , see
    spired fluid is thrown off by ordinary physical Kyllosis-- p . Leonis , Alchemilla .
    evaporation . PESANTEUR, Weight -p . Spécifique, Gravi
    The Pulmonary Exhalation , or Transpiration, ty , specific.
    is that which takes place in the bronchia, and is PESE -LIQUEUR , Areometer.
    sent out with the expired air. PES'SARY, Pessa'rium , from πεσσος , ha
    PERSUDATIO , Diapedesis. small stone . ' Pessus , Pes'sulus, Supposito'rium
    PERTE ,Metrorrhagia - p. de Sang, Hæmor- uteri'num. A solid instrument, composed of
    rhagia - p. 'Utérine rouge,Metrorrhagia -- p. Uté- cork , ivory, or elastic gum , which is introduced
    rine blanche, Leucorrhæa. into the vagina to support the uterus, in cases
    PERTES BLANCHES, Leucorrhæa. of prolapsus or relaxation of that organ ; to
    PERTURBA'TRIX , ( Medici'na,) Per- keep vaginal herniæ reduced , &c. The an
    turbating Treatment. A mode of treatment in cientsmade use of medicated pessaries, which
    which very active means are employed, and they distinguished into emollient, astringent,
    such as impress upon diseases a different course aperient, &c .
    from that natural to them . Much evil has re- The form of pessaries is very variable ;
    sulted from such treatment, especially in febrile round, oval, & c.according to circumstances.
    diseases . Pessary , EGYPTIAN, Ægyptius pessus.
    PERTUS'SIS, Tussis ferina, convulsi'o ' ra , PESSULUS, Pessary .
    clango'sa, suffocati'va, clamo'sa, spasmod'ica , PESSUS , Pessary .
    Morbus Cucullus, Bechorthopna'a, Ber convulsi'. PEST, Plague.
    va, Ber therio'des, Hooping -cough , Whooping. PESTE , Plague.
    cough. Chin -cough, Kin -cough , Kind -cough, PESTILENTIAL , Pestilentia'lis.
    Relating
    ( Germ. Kind , ' a child ,') (F.) Coqueluche. A to the plague . Pestilential diseases are those
    violent convulsive cough, returning by fits, ( F.) that bear some resemblance to the plague, inx
    Quintes, at longer orshorter intervals ; and con- respect to mode of propagation, symptoms,
    sisting of severalexpirations , followed by a sono danger , & c.
    rous inspiration or whoop . The fits of coughing PESTILENT -WORT, Tussilago Petasites .
    generally recur more frequently during the PESTILENTIA , Plague.
    night, morning, and evening , than in the day . PESTIS , Plague - p. Variolosa, Variola.
    PET, Fart.
    It is esteemed contagious, and attacksthe young PETASITES,
    more particularly. It is rare for it to attack an Tussilago petasites.
    individual for the second time. The duration is PETE'CHIÆ , Petic'ule, Punctic'ulæ , Por '.
    various,-- six or eight weeks or more. Although phyra Graco'rum. Small spots, similar in shape
    the paroxysms are very violent, it is not a dan- and colour to flea bites, which occur spontane.
    gerous disease . It may , however, give rise to ously upon the skin , in the course of severe
    other affections,asconvulsions, pneumonia, &c., fevers, &c. They are, under such circum
    when the complication is very dangerous, as stances, signs of great prostration.
    the cause cannot be removed . Those children PETECHIÆ SINE FEBRE, Purpura simplex .
    suffer the least, who evacuate the contents of PETECHIAL SCURVY , Purpura simplex .
    the stomach during the fit. In the treatment, PETECHIANOSIS , Purpura hæmorrhagica.
    all that can be done is to palliate. It must be PETICULÆ , Petechiæ .
    borne in mind , that the disease will , in time, PETIGO , Impetigo .
    wear itself out. If there be much tensive pain PETIT COURIER, Influenza-p . Lait, Se
    of the head, or fever, V.S. may be required , but rum lactisp. Lait d'Hoffman, Serum lactis
    it is seldom necessary. Narcotics occasionally Hoffmanni - p. Sus-marillo-labial, Levator an
    afford relief, butitis temporary. Gentle emetics, guli oris.
    given occasionally ,when the paroxysms are long PETITE POSTE , Influenza.
    and dry , give decisive relief, and aid in the ex- PETRÆLEUM, Petroleum .
    pectoration of the morbid secretions . After the PETRÆUM , Solidago virgaurea.
    disease has continued for some weeks , and per- PETRAPIUM , Bubon Macedonicum .
    sists in part from habit , change of air is essen- PETRÉOLE , Petrolæum .
    tial , and this , even should the change be to an PETRO DEL PORCO , Bezoard of the In
    atmosphere that is less pure . dian porcupine.
    PERVENCHE, Vinca minor. PETRO :CCIP'ITAL, Petro -occipita'lis.
    PERVERSION, Dias'trophe, Diastrem 'ma. Belonging to the petrous portion of the tem
    One of the four modifications of function in poral bone and to the occipital bone.
    disease : the three others being augmentation , The Petro -OCCIPITAL SUTURE is formed by
    diminution , and abolition . The Humorists the junction of the petrous portion of the tem
    used this term , also, to designate disorder or poral to the occipital, bone. It is a deep groove
    morbid change in the fluids. separating the bones ,which have between them
    PERVERSION DE LA TÊTE DES OS a thin layer of cartilage.
    ET DES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus. PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGE'US. A
    PETRO -SALPINGO - STAPHYLINUS 528 PHALANGES DES DOIGTS

    fleshy fasciculus, which extends from the sphe- is triangular, and broader at its extremities than
    noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- middle .
    poral bone , and from the Eustachian tube to the PETUM , Nicotiana tabacum.
    upper part ofthe pharynx. See Constrictor. PEUCE , Pinus sylvestris.
    PETRO-SALPİNGO - STAPHYLINUS, Cir PEUCED'ANUM OFFICINA'LĒ, Mar'a
    cumflexus - p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator thrum sylves'tre,Marathrophyllum ,Pinastel'lum ,
    palati - p . Staphylin , Levator palati. Fænic'ulum porci'num ,Bonus Genius, Hog's Fen
    PETRO-SPHÉNOIDAL, Petro-sphenoida'lis. nel,Sulphur Wort, (F.) Queue de Pourceau , Fe
    Belonging to the petrous portion of the tempo- nouil de Porc. Family, Umbelliferæ . Ser. Syst.
    ral bone and to the sphenoid bone. Pentandria Digynia. The root has a strong, fetid
    PETRO -SPHENOIDAL SUTURE ;-a name given smell — somewhat resembling that of sulphu
    to the small suture which is formed by the an- reous solutions and an acrid , unctuous, bitter
    terior edge of the petrous portion of the tem- ish taste . It has been recommended as anti
    poral bone and the posterior edge of the sphe- hysteric and nervine.
    noid .
    PETROLÆUM Petreleum ,, Pisselæ'um PEUCEDANUM Sılaus,-Saxif'raga vulgaris,
    Petroleum , Bitu'men, Petroleum Petre oleum
    In , S. An'glica, Hippomur'athrum , Fæniculum er?
    dicum , Rock Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'së, Barba:rat'icum, English or Meadow Sar'ifrage, (F.)
    does Tar ,(F. ) Pétrole ou Petréole, fromTETQO5, Séséli des recommended
    have been prés. The roots, leaves,,and
    as aperients seeds,
    diuretics
    * rock ,' and saior, ' pil . ' A bituminous sub
    and carminatives. Rarely used.
    stance of a fetid odour, and bitter , acrid taste. PEUPLIER NOIR , Populus.
    It is semi-liquid , tenacious, sensi -transparent; PEXIS , Concretion .
    of a reddish -brown colour, insoluble in water PEY'ERI GLAN'DULÆ , G. Peyeria 'na ,
    and alcohol ; combines with fixed and essential
    oils, and sulphur ; and is partially soluble in Peyeri Plecus glandulo'si, Glandulæ muco's .
    ether. in
    Béziers, petroleum
    TheFrance, has ,found at Gabian,near
    beencalled OleumGa- coagmina'tæ seu agmina'tæ
    ma'tim conges'tæ seu, muciparæ
    intestino'rum race
    G. intestina'les
    bia'num ,( F.) HuiledeGabian, Petroleum rubrum . seu pleciformes
    dula'rum simil'iaseu
    seuspuria , Corpus'cula
    gland'ula in agmenglan
    con
    PETROLEUM BARBADENSE, Petrolæum .
    PETROLEUM SULPHURA'TUM , Balsamum Sul- grega'ta intestinorum , Enteradenes, Peyer's
    phuris Barbaden'sē, -composed ofpetrol.barbad . Glands, Lieberkühn's Glands. Small glands or
    Zxvj, flor. Sulph. Ziv. - has been used as a pec . follicles, situate beneath the villous coat of the
    toral; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has been intestines. They are clustered together, and
    accounted antispasmodic and sudorific. Dose, are extremely numerous.
    gtt . x to xxx. Externally, it is used as a stimu- PEZA , reta. This word , according to some
    lant and discutient. anatomists, signifies Malleolus; according to
    PÉTROLE , Petrolæum . others, the sole of the foot.
    Peza , Astragalus, Sole.
    PETROSELINUM , A pium petroselinum, PEZIZA AURICULA, Auricula Juda, Fun
    p . Macedonicum , Bubon Macedonicum . gus sambu'cinus, Agar'icus Auriculæ formâ,
    PETROSUM , OS. See Temporal. Jew's Ear. This fungus is said to be astrin.
    PETROUS, Petro'sus, from netpos, ' a stone.' gent ; but has chiefly been used as a gargle in
    Reseinbling stone ; having the hardness of stone. relaxed sore throat.
    The PETROSAL GANGLION , or Ganglion of PHACI'TIS , from paxos , ' a lens, ' and itis,
    Andersch , is formed by the glosso -pharyngeal a termination denoting inflammation .Capsiltis,
    nerve , shortly after it emerges from the jugular Capsuli'tis, Lenti'tis. Inflammation of the crys
    fossa. From this ganglion ,M.Jacobson of Co- talline lens.
    penhagen traced an anastomosing loop through PHACOS, Ervum lens.
    the cavity ofthe tympanum , which left branches PHACOSCOTOMA , Cataract.
    there , and was thence reflected downwards to PHACOʻTOS , Phaco'te , from Paxos,
    join the vidian nerve. See Otic ganglion . scraper. A name given by the ancients to a
    This has been called the Nerre of Jacobson ,and kind of scissors or rasp, used in cases of frac
    the inosculation , Jacobson's Anastomosis. ture of the skull.–J . Čloquet.
    The PETROSAL SINUSES are two venous sinu . PHAGÆNA , Boulimia.
    ses of the dura mater, connected with the pe- PHAGEDÆNA , Boulimia-p. Gangrænosa,
    trous portions of the temporal bone , and dis- Hospital Gangrene.
    tinguished , on each side , into : PİAGEDENIC , Phageda 'nicus,from qayw,
    1. The superior petrosal sinus. It arises from I eat.'
    the cavernous sinus; follows the upper edge A PHAGEDENIC Ulcer , Nomz, Phagedæna,
    of the petrous portion, which affords it a gutter; Ulcus depascens, is one , which rapidly eats and
    passes into the great circumference of the ten corrodes the neighbouring parts.
    torium cerebelli,and opens into the lateral sinus, In Materia Medica, Phageden'ic is a substance
    where the latter experiences a bend , near the used for destroying fungous granulations in
    base of the pars petrosa . Its form is triangular. ulcers, &c.
    2. The inferior petrosal sinus arises from the PHALACROMA, Calvities.
    cavernous sinus at the same point as the last , PHALACROSIS . Calvities .
    with which it communicates at the moment of PHALACROTIS , Alopecia.
    its origin . It descends between the inferior PHALAL'A . A barbarous term , employed
    edge of the pars petrosa and the basilary pro- by Basil Valentine , to designate a universal
    cess ; and terminates in the lateral sinus,atthe medicine or panacea.
    sinus or gulf of the internal jugular vein . It PHALANGES DES DOIGTS, Phalanges
    PHALANGETTIEN 529 PHARYNGEUM

    of the fingers - p. des Orteils, Phalanges of the PHANTOM , Fantom .


    toes. PHARMACEIA , Poisoning .
    PHALANGET TIEN. Professor Chaussjer PHARMACEUM, A potheca .
    uses this term for any thing relating to the third PHARMACEUTIC ; Pharmaceu'ticus, froin
    phalanx of the fingers or toes:-Phalangien , for Paquazov, ' a medicine.' An epithet for every
    what relates to the first ;—and Phalanginien , to thing belonging to Pharmacy. Thus, we say ,
    the second . Pharmaceutical preparations, &c .
    PHALANGO'SIS , Hispid'itas, from qalays , PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacy.
    " a row of soldiers .' An affection of the eyelids , PHARMACIEN , Apothecary.
    PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLO'GIA,
    in which the lashes are arranged in two or three
    rows. See Trichiasis. Also , dropping of the from aconazov, ' a medicine,' nuta , ' beneath ,
    upper eyelid , from paralysis of the levator pal- znaon, a writing,' and 2070s, ' a description.'
    pebre superioris inuscle . The art of writingprescriptions. - J. J. Plenck .
    PHALANX, same etymon. A name given PHARMACODYNAM'ICS , from ququ uxor,
    to the small bones, which form the fingers and a medicine,'and duranış , “ power . ' A division
    toes, because placed along side each other like of pliarmacology, which considers the effects
    a phalanx. They are distinguished into the and uses of medicines.
    Phalanges of the Fingers , Ossa seu Ay'mina seu PHARMACOGNOʻSIA ; from Qaonarov , ' a
    Aci'es seu Articuli seu Scutic'ula seu Nodi seu medicine ,' and y.voorm, ' I know .' A division
    Interno'dia seu Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli Digito'- of pharmacology, which treats of simples or un
    Tum Manus, and the Phalanges of the Toes , Ossa prepared medicines.
    seu Articuli seu Interno'dia Digito'rum Pedis. PHARMACOLOGIA , Materia medica.
    I. PHALANGES OF THE FINGERS, ( F.) Pha. PHARMACOPEIA , Pharmacopa'a , ( F.)
    langes des Doigts. They are, in each hand , 14 , Pharmacopée , from yapmaxov, “ a medicine,' and
    --three to each finger, and two to the thumb ; 710€tw , - I make.' A work , containing a collec
    and are situate one above the other. They are tion of formulæ for the preparation ,&c., of me
    distinguished,numerically , reckoning from the dicines : generally published by authority .
    base towards the tip of the finger. 1. The first PHARMACOPEUS , Apothecary.
    or metacarpal, ( F. ) Premières phalanges ou Pha PHARMACOPOLA , Apothecary.
    langes métacarpiennes. 2. The second or middle
    phalanges, ( F. ) Secondesphalanges ou Phalanges PHARMACOPOLE , Apothecary.
    moyennes, Phalangines, (Ch.) 3. The third pha- PHARMACOPOLI'UM , Apothé'ca, Offici'na .
    langes, Melacondyli, Phalanges unguium , (F.) The shop of the druggist or apothecary, from
    Troisièmes phalanges ou Phalanges unguéales, quqmanov , ' a medicine,' and 1107.60), ' I sell.' 6
    unguiferes, unguinales,Phalangettes (Ch.,) which PHARMACOPO'SIA , from panuaxor, a
    terminate each finger, andsupport the nail . medicine ,' and 110019, 6 a portion .' A liquid
    II . PHALANGES OF THE Toes, ( F. ) Phalanges medicine , especially one that is cathartic.
    des Orteils. They are the same in number as PHARMACOʻSA MEDICAMEN’TA , from
    those of the fingers, but much smaller, and of paguarov, ' a poison . Medicines that contain
    a very different shape. poisonous substances. - Fallopius.
    The phalanges of a finger or toe are united PHARMACOTHECA , φαρμακοθηκη, from
    with cachother; and the first with the metacar- paquazor', ' a medicine,' and tigrike ' I place.'
    pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed A case for certain medicines.
    from two points of ossification; one for the supe. PHARMACUM , Medicament--p . Ægyptia
    rior extremity , and tlie other for the body and cum , Ægyptiacum -- p. Anratorium , Philter,
    inferior extremity : Phan'MACUM AD AURES, Ægyp'tium Medica
    PHAL/ ARIS CANARIEN'SIS , Cultivated men'tum ad Aures. A name given to a medi
    Cana'ry Grass,(F.) Alpiste. Family, Gramineæ. cine, composed of bitteralmonds,white pepper,
    Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia . The seed of this saffron, myrrh , opium, frankincense , castor,
    grass, (F.) Graines d'aspic, afford a nourishing verjuice, sulphate of iron , vinegar , pomegra.
    meal . The ancients recommended them , for nate bark , unguentum pardinum , &c. It was
    allaying pains in the kidney and bladder. believed to be useful for cleansing fetid ulcers
    PHALLOCARCINOʻMĂ , from pañãos , the in the ears.
    male organ ,' and xankiroue, ' cancer.' Carci PHAR'MACY, Pharmaci'a, Pharmaceu'tice,
    noma or cancerof the penis . from ququ uzor, a medicine .' The art which
    PHALLORRHA'GIA , from aklos,' the male teaches the knowledge , choice , preservation,
    organ,' and quyruul, ' I break out . ' Hemorrhage preparation, and combination of medicines. It
    from the male urethra. Stimatosis, (q . v .) was formerly divided into Galen'ical and Chym'
    PHALLORRHEA, Gonorrhæa. ical. The former, called after Galen , embraced
    PHALLOSO'PHIA , from patios, the male the operations undertaken on medicines without
    organ,' and wopos, ' a noise ! Discharge of wind analyzing them :—the latter, Chymical Phar.
    from the male urethra , macy or Pharmaceu'tic Chymistry, Pharma
    PHALLUS , Penis . cochym'ia, comprised the preparation of medi
    PHANTASIA , Imagination. cines , founded on the chymical action of their
    PHANTASM , Phantas'ma, from partaw, ' I principles .
    make appear.' A phantom , false appearance , PHARYGATHPHARUS , Pharynx.
    apparition. Hallucination, (q. v . ) Derangement RON , Pharynx.
    of the sense of sight or of the intellectual facul- PHARYNGÆ'UM, (SAL ) A compound
    ties, causing objects to be perceived , which are of cream of tartar, nitrate of potassa , burnt
    not before the eyes. alum , and distilled vinegar. It was formerly
    PHANTASMA , Pscudoblepsia. employed, united with honey and plantain wä
    67
    PHARYNGÉ 530 PHARYX

    ter, to make gargles, which were advised in into many branches, which run partly to the
    quir.sy. margin , and partly to the middle of the root of
    PHARYNGÉ, Pharyngeal . the tongue ; supplying, especially , the papillæ
    PHARYNGE'AL , Phuirynga'us, (F.) Pha- majores, and the parts inis their neighbourhood .
    ryngé, Phuryngien . That which relates to the By some, this nerve regarded as the con
    pharynx. A name given to the muscles, ves- troller of the associated motions of the tongue
    sels, and nerves of the pharynx. and pharynx. By others, it is esteemed to be
    The PHARYNGEAL ARTERIES . These are two the special nerve of gustation .
    in number. The one -- superior or pterygo-pala- PHARYNGO -STAPHYLINUS, Palato -pha
    tine, Ramus Pharyngeus superior of Haller-- ryngeus.
    arises from the internal maxillary at the base PHARYNGOGʻRAPHY, Pharyngographia ,
    of the zygomatic fossa, passes through the pte- from gaqvyš,' the pharynx ,' and youqy, a de
    rygo-palatine canal, and proceeds to be distri- scription ." Anatomical description of the pha
    buted to the pharynx and the corresponding part rynx.
    of the Eustachian tube . The other - the infe- PHARYNGOL'OGY, Pharyngologia, from
    rior-Pharyngæa ascendens of Haller-arises gapuys, the pharynx,' and doyos, a discourse. '
    from the external carotid , on a level with the The part of analomy which treats of the pha
    facial. It ascends along the lateral and poste- rynx .
    s, An
    rior part of the pharynx, and divides into two PHARYN
    branches: the one - the pharyngeal, properly gapuy's, GOTOMEand
    the pharynx,' TENTO ,' I cut. from
    , Pharimgot'omu
    so called- is distributed to the pharynx ; the instrument, invented by J. L. Petit, and used
    other - the meningeal - gives its branches par- to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab
    ticularly to the dura mater. scesses, which form in the parietes of the
    The PharyngEAL NERVE :-a branch_sent pharynx. It is composed of a long, narrow
    by the pneumogastric to the pharynx. It de- blade with a lancet point, and enclosed in a
    scends behind the internal carotid ; communi. sheath or canula of silver, slightly curved.
    cates with the glosso-pharyngeal ; and divides, This instrument is carried to the part to be cut,
    opposite the middle constrictor of the pharynx, and the point of the blade is made to pass out
    into a great number of filaments, which anas- of the sheath, by pressing on a button at the
    tomose , in a multitude of different directions, end of the pharyngolome . A spring causes the
    with filaments of the glosso -pharyngeal nerve, blade to re-enter as soon as the pressure is re
    of the superior laryngeal branch , and of the moved.
    first cervical ganglion. These different ner- PHARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngoto'mnia; same
    vous filaments united constitute the pharyn- etymon. Some authors have used this word
    gcal plexus, the irregular meshes of which send synonymously with csophagotomy , (q. v .) Il
    numerous ramifications to the pharynx. means, also, scarification of the tonsils, or an
    PHARYNGETARON , Pharynx. incision , made for opening abscesses there , & c .
    PHARYNGEURYSMA , Pharyngocele. PHARYNX , Pharyt, Pharus, Gulu , Læmos,
    PHARYNGIEN, Pharyngeal. Fauces, Pharyn 'gcthron , Pharyn'gethros, Phary
    PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche parotidæa. guthron, Isthmos, Isth'mion,Inglu'vies, Princip '.
    PHARYNGOCE'LĒ, Pharyngeurysma, Di- ium Gula , Os pos'terum, (F.) Arrière-bouche,
    tertic'ulum seu Hernia seu Prolap'sus Esoph'. Gosier . A species of musculo -membranous,
    agi vel pharyn'gis. An enlargement at the symmetrical canal , on the median line, irregu.
    upper part of the gullet, in which the food larly funnel-shaped , and situate between the
    sometimes rests in considerable quantity. base of the cranium and the esophagus, in front
    PHARYNGO - GLOSSAL, Glosso.pharyn of the vertebral column . It is very narrow
    geal, Pharyngo-glossianus. ' That which be- above ; but dilates in the middle, and again
    longs to the pharynx and tongue . contracts below , at its junction with the æso
    The Glosso -pharyngeal Nerve or Pharyngo- phagus. Into the anterior paries of the pharynx
    glossal, Lingua'lis laicra'lis, ( F.) Nerf Glosso. Open, successively , from above to below , the
    pharyngien , Pharyngo-glossien - a portion of posterior orifices of the nasal fosse ; the Eusta
    the eighth pair - arises from the superior and chian tubes ; the posterioraperture of the mouth ,
    lateral parts of the spinal marrow , between the and the top of the larynx .
    facial and pneumogastric nerves, by several The pharynx is formed, externally, of a
    filaments, which soon unite into a single cord, muscular coat, and , internally , of a mucous
    that passes out of the cranium by the foramen membrane, which is continuous, above , with
    lacerum anterius ; goes downwards and for the Schneiderian membrane ; in the middle,
    wards, and gains the posterior and inferior part with that of the mouth ; below , with that of the
    of the longue. Immediately after its exit from @sophagus , and , at the sides , with those of the
    the cranium , it gives a branch to the meatus Eustachian tubes. This membrane has no villi ,
    auditorius externus , and receives a filament and presents only a few inequalities, which are
    from the facial , and another from the pneumo. owing to the presence ofmuciparous follicles.
    gastric nerve. It then furnishes two other fila- The muscular coat of the pharynx is com
    ments, which descend upon the carotid artery, posed of the constrictor muscles, stylopharyngei,
    and unite at the bottoin of the neck with and pharyngo -staphylini. The vessels and
    branches from the cervical ganglions and car- nerves are called " pharyngeal .'
    diac nerves, and give two filaments to the stylo- The pharynx serves as a common origin for
    pharyngeus muscle. the digestive and respiratory passages. It gives
    The glosso -pharyngeus, after sending a twig passage to the air, during respiration; and to
    or two to the tonsil, to the upper part of the ihe food atthe time of deglutition.
    pharynx and membrane of the epiglottis , divides ' PHARYX , Pharynx.
    PHASEOLUS 531 PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOMIA

    PHASEYOLUS VULGA'RIS, Faselus,Fase'- Philelron, Phar'macum vel poc'ulum amnido


    o!us, Bona , Boona; the Kidney Bean '; the rium, Amato'rium teneficium , ( F. ) Philtre. A
    French Bean, ( F. ) Haricot. Fumily, Legumi- medicine or drink , considered capable of causing
    nosa . Ser . Sysi. Diadelphia Decandria . When love.
    young and well boiled , this is easy of digestion , PHIL’TRUM , Qitoor, in Anatomy, means
    and delicately flavoured. It is less flatulent the fossula or depression on the upper lip, be.
    than the pea . neath the septum of the nose , which seems to
    PHASEOLUS CREticus , Cajan , Cayan . A divide the lip into two parts.
    decoction of the leaves , according to Ray, re- PHILYRA, Tilia.
    strains the hemorrhoidal flux , when excessive . PHIMA , Phyma.
    PHASIANUS GALLUS, ( F. ) Coq . The PHIMOS , Capistrum .
    parts of generation of the cock , dried and pul . PHIMOS'ICUS. Relating to Phimosis.
    verized, were formerly regarded proper for in . Sauvages calls Ischil'rin phimo'sica , Ischu'rin
    creasing the quantity of semen . The fat was urethra'lis a phimo'si, the retention of urine,
    used as emollient and resolvent ; the brain , in which depends upon phimosis.
    diarrhæa ; the gall, in freckles and diseases of PHIMOʻSIS, Phymosis, Capistra'tio, from
    thePÁATNION
    eyes. These, Alveolus
    phantasies. are now abandoned. ponow , ' I bind up ,' disease , which consists
    in a preternatural narrowness of the opening
    PHATNORRHAGIA , from φατνιον , " an of the prepuce , so that it cannot be carried be
    alveolus,' and onyouur, ' I break forth . ' Hemor- hind the corona glandis . This affection is most
    rhage from an alveolus. commonly congenital. Sometimes it is acci .
    PHAUSIN'GES, Qavoiyyes, from parčo, I dental, and dependent upon tumefaction of the
    roast.' Spots or blisters on the legs,produced by glans, or of the prepuce, as occurs in syphilis.
    heat ; and, in a more extensive signification, by To remedy this state, the prepuce may be di
    any other cause . Also, a Pustule.-Foësius. vided by means of a bistoury and director ; or
    PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum . circumcision may be practised .
    PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUATICUM, Phel- PHLASMA, Contuision ,
    landrium , Fæniculum aquaticum , Cicuta'ria PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS. See Aneu .
    aquatica , Water Fennel, Fine-leaved Water Hem - rism .
    lock , ( F.) Phellandre, Fenouil d'eau, Cigue PHLEBECTA'SIA , from oney , a vein ,' and
    d'eau. Family, Umbellifere. Ser . Syst. Pen- exTaois, dilatation . Dilatation of a vein, or
    tandria Digynia. This plant is stimulant and of a portion of a vein .-Alibert.
    narcotic . It has been used in intermittents PHLEBES, (arteries.) See Artery.
    and dyspepsia. It has, also, been given in PHLEBEURYSMA , Varix .
    phthisis pulmonalis , and in cases of scrofulous, PHLEYBION, diminutive of gaey', ' a vein .'
    atonic ulcers . A vein . - Hippocr. Venula . (q . v .)
    PHENIG'MUS, Phænig'mus, from polvis, PHLEBITIS, from phey ', ' a vein,' and itis,
    " red . ' Red Jaundice. A cutaneous affection, the termination for inflammation . Inflammation
    consisting of redness diffused over the skin , of the inner membrane of a vein , which some
    without fever. Sauvages makes it a genus of times follows blood- letting, and extends from
    his order Icteritiæ . Also , the act of irritating a the small wound , made in that operation , to the
    part by a stimulating application. neighbouring parts of the venous system . The
    PHÉNOM'ENON, from sparropar, I appear.' symptoms are, first, inflammation in the punc
    Any extraordinary and unexpected event. tured part ; and, afterwards, a knotty, tense ,
    In Medicine, it means any change , apprecia- painful cord, following the direction of the ves
    ble by our senses, which supervenes in an sel, and accompanied with more or less fever,
    organ or function :-as the phenomena of the according to the extent of the inflammation ,
    circulation, respiration , & c. It is used in pa- the nervous symptoms, & c .
    thology, synonymously with symptom .. Phlebitis, also, sometimes supervenes on the
    PHEUĞOPHOBIA , Hydrophobia . ligature or excision of varices; after amputa
    PHEUGYDRON , Hydrophobia. tion, gunshot wounds, delivery, the ligature of
    PHIALA. A Phial or Vial , ( F. ) Fiole. A the umbilical cord , & c. It may terminate by
    small bottle, in which apothecaries are in the resolution , suppuration,ulceration,or gangrene.
    habit of sending out their mixtures, draughts, PHLEBITIS CRURAL, Phlegmatia dolens.
    & c .: hence called Medicine Vials, ( F.) Fioles PHLEBOG RAPHY, Phlebographia , from
    à Médecine. They are usually sold in grosses, pasy , a vein ,' and ypaon, ' a description .' De
    and assorted into vials of oz. 8 ; oz. 4 ; oz . 3 ; scription of the veins.
    oz . 2 ; oz . 1 .; oz . 1; and oz. š. PHLEB'OLITE, Phlebol'ithus, Vein stone. A
    PHILANTHROPUS , Galium aparine. loose concretion , varying in size from a currant
    PHILETRON , Philter. to that of a pea, occasionally found in the veins.
    PHILIA'TROS, ohratgos, froin pidew, ' I It would seem to be formed in the blood .
    love ,' and catoxn , medicine.' An amateur of
    PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite .
    medicine . One who studies medicine . PHLEBOL'OGY , Phlebow'gia, from phet',
    PHILONIUM LONDINENSE , Confectio Opii.' a vein ,' and loyos, a discourse .' The part of
    PHILOPATRIDALGIA , Nostalgia. anatomy which treats of the veins.
    PHILOPATRIDOMANIA , Nostalgia. PHLEBOPALIA , φλεβοπαλια, φλεβοπαλεια,
    PHILOSOPHER'S STONE. See Alchymy.from gaey', ' a vein,' and railw , ' I palpitate .'
    PHILOSOPHIA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi- With the ancients ,pulsation, which they con
    ology -- p. Hermetica, Alchymy-p. per Ignem , ceived to be produced by the veins. See Pulses
    Chymistry . Venarum .
    PHILTER, from videu ,' I love.' Philtrum, PHLEBOPHTHALMOTO'MIA, Ophthal
    PHLEBOPLEROSIS 532 PHLORIDZINE

    mophleboto'mia, from pasy, ' a vein, ' 099unos, The treatment consists in the use of anti
    the eye ,' and TEMVW, ' I cut. ' Blood-letting in phlogistics : —the application of leeches or cup .
    the eye . ping-glasses near the groin : fomentations io
    PHLEBOPLEROSIS ECPHRACTICA , In- the limb, &c .; and , when the active state has
    flammation . subsided, the use of a roller, applied gently at
    PHLEBORRHA'GIA , from qiey), ' a vein ,' first, but, afterwards, gradually tightened.
    and onyvvut, ' I break out. ' Rupture of the PHLEGMATIA LACTEA, P. dolens.
    veins; and, in a more extensive sense , venous PHLEGMATIÆ MEMBRANOSÆ ET
    hemorrhage , PARENCHYMATOSÆ , Empresma.
    PHLEBORRHEX'IS , from perl', ' a vein ,' PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever , adeno-menin
    and ris, “ a rupture of a vein . ' Also, hemor- geal.
    rhage from a vein . Phleborrha'gia. PHLEGMATORRHA'GIA , Phlegmatortha'a,
    PHLEBOT'OMIST, from disy', ' a vein ,' from pasyua, - phlegm,' and 080), ' I flow .' Stahl
    and Teuro ), ' I eut.' A bleeder. One who prac. and his partisans gave this name to a copious
    Lises ,particularly ,the operation of phlebotomy. secretion, by the nostrils, of a limpid and thin
    See Blood- letting. mucus, without inflammation . It is the Coryza
    PHLEBOTOMUS, Fleam . Phlegmatorrhagia of Sauvages. See Coryza .
    PHLEBS , Vein . PHLEGMHÝMENITIS , Phlegmymenitis.
    PHLEDONIA , Delirium . PHLEGMON , from gasyo), ' I burn .' Phlo
    PHLEGM , Phlegma, Pituite, Pitui'ta . One go'sis phlegmone, Phlegmonē, Phlegma'sia , In
    of the four natural humours of the ancients , con 'dium , Inflammatio. Inflammation of the
    which was, according to them , cold and moist, cellular texture , accompanied with redness , cir
    as atrabilis wascold and dry . It predominated, cumscribed swelling, increased heat and pain ;
    especially , in winter. which is , at first, tensive and lancinating ; after
    Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque- wards , pulsatory and heavy. It terminates,
    ous or excrementitious humour , such as the sa. most commonly, in suppuration . It requires
    liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum , &c . the antiphlogistic treatment, until suppuration
    'The terms phlegm and pituita are no longer seems inevitable, when the suppuration must
    used in Physiology; the different humours be encouraged, as the next favourable termina
    having received particular names ; but the vul- tion to resolution.
    gar still use phlegm to designate a stringy mu- PHLEGMONE, Inflammation - p. Mamma ,
    cus , expectorated or rejected by vomiting. The Mastodynia apostematosa - p. Mastodynia, Mas
    ancient chymists gave the name ' phlegm' to todynia apostematosa — p. Parotidæa,Parotis.
    aqueous, insipid , and inodorous products ob- PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous .
    tained by subjecting moist vegetable matters toPHLE GʻMONOUS, Phlegmono'des, from
    the action of heat. qazymorn , ' a phleginon,' and aidos , resem
    PHLEGMAGOGUE , from peyna,' phlegm ,' blance. ' That which relates or belongs to a
    and ayw, ' I expel. A medicine, formerly be phlegmon.
    66
    lieved capable of cutting " or removing PhlegmonOUS INFLAMMA'Tion, is the active in
    phlegm . flammation of the cellular membrane ; in con
    PÅLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon- tradistinction to erysipelatous inflammation or
    p . of the Peritoneum , Peritonitis . that of the skin .
    PHLEGMA'TIA from payua, phlegm .' PHLEGMOPYRA , Fever, Adeno-menin
    (Edema, (q . v . ) Anasarca , Hydrops, (q . v.) zeal.
    PHLEGMA'Tiá DOLENS, P. luctea, P. dolens PHLEGMORRHAGIA , Blennorrhea.
    puerpera'rum , Leucophlegmasia dolens puerpe. PHLEGMORRHOEA , Blennorrhea.
    rarum , Scelon'cus, Anasar'ca sero'sa , Ecphyma PHLEGMYMENI'TIS, Phlegmhymeni'tis,
    ædemut'icum , Spargano'sis puerperarum , Ecchy: from çeyua, ' phlegm ,' vury, 'a membrane,
    troma lymphat’ica , Ischias a spargano'si, Ede'- and itis, the termination for inflammation . In
    ma puerpera'rum , (Ed. lacteum, Crural Phlebi'. flammation of a mucous membrane.
    tis, White leg, Swelled leg, White swelling of ly. PHLEPS, Vein .
    ing- in -women, ( F. ) Dépot laiteux sur la cuisse , PHLOGISTICI, Empresmi.
    Edème actif des nouvelles accouchées, Enflure PHLOGISTON , Hydrogen .
    des jambes et des cuisses delafemme accouchée. PHLOGOʻDES, from 9ao?, ' flame,' and ridos,
    It occurs,for the most part, in the second or resemblance .' Infla'med , Inflamma'tus. An
    third week after delivery :-is limited to the epithet employed, particularly , to express the
    lower extremity, and chiefly to one side ; exhibit- red colour of ihe face .
    ing to the touch a feeling of numerous irregular PHLOGOPYRUS , Synocha.
    prominences under the skin . It is hot, white , PHLOGO'SIS , Ineendium , (q . v .) Inflammu '.
    and unyielding; and is accompanied, sooner or lion, ( 9. v .) Some writersuse the word exclu .
    Inter , with febrile excitement. After a few sively for external infiammations - phleginon ;
    days the heat, hardness, and sensibility dimi- others, for those that are superficial or erysipe.
    nish , and the limb remains ædematous, for a latous.
    longer or shorter period . Phlogosis, Phlegmone, Phlegmon .
    The disease frequently, if not generally , con- PHLOGOTICA,Inflamma'tions. The second
    sists in obstruction of the iliac or other veins. order in the class Clematica of Good .
    Owing to the pressure of the gravid uterus- PHLOIOS, Cortex .
    the flow of blood being obstructed the serous PHLDOS, Cortex .
    part of it is thrown out into the cellular mem- PHLOR'IDZINE , Phloridzi'na, from 92005,
    brane of the limb. Sometimes, the vein is found inner bark, ' and orta , .root. ' The bitter or
    completely obliterated . active principle of the root and trunk of the
    PHLOUS 533 PHRENITIS

    apple, pear, cherry , and plum tree . It is de . PHOSPHAS CALCICUM STIBIATUM ,


    posited froin the decoction on cooling; crystal. Antimonial powder - p. Calcis stibiatus,Antimo
    lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour, nial powder - p . Natricum , Soda , Phosphate of.
    when in masses , or in long slender prisms or PHOSPHATIC , Phosphal'icus, from Phos' .
    tables, when crystallized with care . 1000 parts phorus. Relating to the phosphates ; hence
    of water, at a temperature of from 320 to 71 °, Phosphatic Diath'esis is the habit of body which
    only dissolve aboutone part; but at from 70° to favours the deposition of the phosphates from
    212" , it is dissolved in all proportions. It is very the urine .
    soluble in pure alcohol , but only slightly so in PHOSPHORE , Phosphorus .
    ether ; s . g. 1.429. PHOSPHORENÈSES. M. Baumes unites,
    Ithas been administered successfully in in- under this generic name, the diseases which he
    termittents, 10 to 20 grains being generally re- attributes to disordered phosphorization ; i. e. to
    quired to arrest the paroxysm . It may be given excess or deficiency of calcareous phosphate or
    either in the form of pill or powder. its decomposition. Amongst these affections be
    PHLOUS , Cortex . ranks rachitis, osteo -malacia, and gout.
    PHLYCTÆNA , Phlyza'cion , Ampulle , Ho- PHOSPHORES'CENCE , Phosphorescen'tia .
    lophlyc'tides, Phlyctides, Phly'sis, quxuides, The property , possessed by certain bodies of
    from olvim , ' I boil.' Tumours, formed by the being luminous in obscurity ,orunder particular
    accumulation of a serous fluid under the epi- circumstances. In the eye of the cat, something
    dermis. of this kind seems occur
    to .
    PHLYCTÆNULA . See Hydatid . PHOSPHORIC ACID , Ac" idum Phosphor'.
    PHLYCTENOID , Phlyctenoi'des. Resem . icum , A solid , colourless compound ; very
    hling phlyctænæ. An epithet for a variety of sapid ; very soluble in water, and vitrifiable by
    herpes . fire. It exists in bones combined with lime. It
    PHLYCTIDES , Phlyctæna. has been employed in medicine in the form of
    PHLYCTIDIUM , same etymon. A circular lemonade, in passive hemorrhage , typhus, phthi.
    or annular spot of inflammation of the corium , sis , marasmus, &c . , and in injection in cases of
    encircled by a red ring or zone, within which cancer of the uterus. It does not seem preferable
    suppuration takes place . The genuine small to other acids .
    pox pustule, and that produced by the appli- PHOSPHORURIA , Urine, phosphorescent.
    cation of tartar emetic ointment are examples PHOS'PHORUS, Phos'phorum, Autophos'.
    of it. phorus, from ouş, ' light,' and pepo), ' I carry.'
    PHLYSIS, from oivšu, ' I am hot," ' I boil .' (F.) Phosphore. A light-carrier. An elemen
    A cutaneous eruption . An ulcerative , sub- tary or undecomposed substance ; not metal
    cutaneous tumour: flat, tensive,glabrous; dif- lic ;- solid ; transparent or semi-transparent; co
    fused, hot, throbbing; atlength fluctuating with lourless; brilliant; flexible : of a sensible garlic
    an acrid ichor . - Good . odour; very inflammable, and susceptible of
    Palysis, Phlyctæna - p.Impetigo, Impetigo , at combining with the oxygen of the atmosphere,
    p. Porrigo, Porrigo - p.Scabies , Psora. even the ordinary temperature . It does not
    PHLÝZACION , Phlyctæna. exist pure in nature, but is found frequently
    PHOBODIPSON , Hydrophobia. united to other bodies .
    PHOCOMELES, from quan, ' a seal,' and Phosphorus has been used in medicine , dis !
    uskos, ' a limb . A genus of monsters, in which solved in ether or suspended in the yolk of egg,
    the limbs are shortened ; the hands and feet ap- as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions
    pearing to exist alone , and to be inserted im . are necessary in its administration, so that it is
    mediately on the trunk , as in the seals and the rarely employed .
    herbivorous cetacea .-J . G. St. Hilaire . PHOTODAMPSIS , Refraction .
    PHOENICISMUS , Rubeola. PHOTOPHOBIA , from puş, " light,' and
    FHENIGMUS, Phenigmus - p. Petechialis, 4opos, ' fear.' Aversion to light:-intolerance
    Purpura simplex. of light. Nyctalopia , ( q . v.)
    PHONIX DACTYLIFERA , Date tree . PÃOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA , Nyctalopia.
    PHONA"TION , Phona'tio , from porn, ' voice. ' PHRAGMOS , onayuos, from goooow, I en
    The physiology of the voice . close .' A row of teeth .
    PHONE , Voice. PHRASIS , Voice , articulated .
    L’HON’ICA, gurura , from qorn , ' voice .' The PHRASUM , Marrubium .
    first order of the class Pneumatica in Good's PAREN , qorr, “ the mind . ' Also, the dia
    Nosology . Defined : -diseases affecting the phragm.
    vocal avenues :-the passage of the voice im- PÅRENES, Diaphragm .
    peded, or its power suppressed or depraved . PHRENESIE , Phrenitis.
    PHONONOSI, Phononu'si, from gourn, the PHRENESIS , Delirium , Phrenitis.
    voice ,' and rooos, a disease. Morbi vocis. Dis- PHRENETLASIS , Delirium , Phrenitis.
    eases of the voice. L'honopathi'a . PHRENIC , Diaplıragmatic .
    PHONOPATHIA , Phononosi. PHRENICA, from 1 , ' the mind . ' Dis .
    PHORA , Gestation . eases affecting ihe intellect; characterized by
    PHORBE , Pabulum . error, perversion, or debility of one or more
    PHORONOM'IA , from poneoual, or papoua , of the mental faculties. The first order of the
    I put myself in motion , ' and vouos, law . The class Neurotica of Good.
    doctrine of inuscular motion . PHRENICULA TIYDROCEPHALICA ,
    PHOROUS, from 9:00), ' I carry .' A suffix de- Hydrocephalus internus .
    noting conveyance. Hence, Galactophorous, &c. PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis.
    PHOS, Light PHRENI'TIS, Phrend'sis, Phreneli'us.'s ,
    PHRENOLOGY 534 PHTHISIS

    Phrenis'mus, Cephali'tis, Cephalalgia inflam- PHTHEIROCTONUM , Delphinium staphi


    mato'rin , Karabitus (Arab. ,) Šibare, Empres'ma sagria .
    cephalitis, Siriasis, oigiaOIS , TEIDIANis, Sidera'tio , PHTHINODES, Phthisicus.
    Inflamma'tio phreni'lis, Encephali'tis, Cauma PHTHIRIASIS , Malis , Phtheiriasis.
    phreni'tis, Pkrensy, Delirium (q. v.) Brain PHTHIROPORON, Autumn .
    Fever, ( F. ) Phrénésie. A disease , characterized PHTHIS'ICUS , Phthino'des, Tab'idus. (F.)
    by violent pyrexia ; pain in the head ; redness Poitrinaire. Belonging to phthisis. Phthisical.
    of the face and eyes; intolerance of light and Also, one labouring under phthisis.
    sound ; watchfulness ; and delirium , either fu- PHTHISIE , Phthisis pulmonalis - p. Calcu .
    rious or muttering. Its causes are the same as leuse, Calculi, pulmonary.
    those of other inflammations; sometimes, how. PHTHISIÓL'OGY, Phthisiologia , from
    ever, it is induced by a Coup de soleil ; by ineb- 991019, and loyos, “ a treatise on phthisis.'
    riation ; violent mental emotions , &c . PHTHISIOʻSIS , Tubercular consumption .
    Some authors have given the name Phrenitis PHTHISI - PNEUMONIA, Phthisis pulmo
    and Meningitis to inflammation ofthemembranes nalis.
    of the brain ; and that of Cephalitis, Encephalitis PHTHISIS, Phthoz, Tabes , Consumption , De
    or Cerebritis to inflammation of the substance cline, from y910, ' I dry ,' . I fade.' This word ,
    of the brain : but there are no pathognomonic taken in a general sense, means progressive
    symptoms , which can lead us to refer the seat of emaciation of every part of the body. It is
    the disease to eitherof those parts exclusively. usually, however, restricted to
    Phrenitis is , of course , a very dangerous Phthisis Pulmona'lis, Maras'mus phthisis,
    affection, from theimportance of theorgancon- Hectica phthisis , Hæmoptysis phthisis, P.pul
    cerned . The most active treatmentmust ne- mona'ris, Phthisi-pneumo'nia, Tabes pulmona'
    cessarily be pursued ;-bleeding ad deliquium ; lis, Phthisis scrophulo sa ,Pneumop'thoz, Pulmo'
    purging; the application of ice to the shaved nia, Phthisis tuberculo'sa, Tuberculo'sis Pulmo'
    head ; a position in which the head is raised ; num, Tuberculous disease of the Lungs, Pulmo
    and the avoiding of irritation of every kind ;- nary consumption , Consumption, Decline, (F.)
    form the remedial means during the violent Phthisie, P. pulmonaire, Crachement de pus.
    stage . After this has yielded , counter-irritants Occasionally, this formidable disease occurs ac
    to the nape of the neck or to other parts of the cidentally : but, usually , it is caused by a con
    body will be useful adjuvants. formation obtained from progenitors. This, at
    When the brain and meninges were affected least , predisposes to it ; and but a slight exciting
    only symptomatically ,as in inflammation of the cause is required to rouse the predisposition into
    diaphragm , the disease was formerly called action. It is less a disease of the torrid zone;
    Paraphrenitis, (q. v.) and, in the temperate regions of the globe, its
    Hydrocephalus acutus (q. v.) is a variety of pathology is often intimately allied with that of
    phrenitis. scrofula . It usually consists in the formation
    Phoenitis LATRANS, Hydrophobia-p. Ver- of tubercles in the lungs, which sooner or later
    minosa , Vercoquin. inflame and break down. In such a constitu.
    PHRENOLOGY, Craniology . tion , ulcerations of the lungs do not readily
    PHRENSY , Phrenitis . heal; and hectic fever -the universal attendant
    PHRICASMUS , Horripilation. upon irritability and debility - is established.
    PHRICE, Horripilation. This persists, and gradually wears down the
    PHRICO’DES (FEBRIS,) from opixn, ' a patient, till he ultimately expires , exhausted by
    shivering. ' Horrificus. A fever, in which
    the irritative fever. The chief symptoms are
    the chill is very intense and prolonged .
    the following. The patient feels a sense of un
    PHRYAGMA, Shuddering. easiness in the chest, with severe fits of cough.
    PHRYCTE , Colophonia. ing, or a short and dry cough , with dyspnea.
    PHRYG'IUS (LAPIS. ) An earthy matter, This may be considered the incipient stage.
    found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly The cough then becomes extremely trouble
    employed as an astringent. - Gorræus. some, especially in the morning ; dyspnea is
    PHÍHARMA CALIGO, Caligo-p. Cata- increased on the slightestexertion . The expec
    racta ,Cataract - p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma. toration is evidently purulent, with fever in the
    PHTHEIR, Pediculus. evening , circumscribed redness of the cheeks ;
    PHTHEIREMIA , from pdetou , ' I corrupt,' wasting and colliquative sweats early in the
    and 'arma, blood .' . A state in which the plas- morning. This must be considered the con .
    tic powers of the blood are deteriorated . firmed stage. In the third or last stage, the hectic
    PHTHEIRIASIS, Phthiriasis , from 29:10 , is constant, with small pulse, pungent heat,
    a louse .' Morbus pediculo'sus, Pedicula'tio, colliquative sweats,and diarrhea. The weak
    Malis pedic'uli , Lousiness, Lousy disease, (F. ) ness becomes extreme, and the patient ex
    Maladie pédiculairé. A disease which consists hausted .
    in the excessive multiplication of lice on the Broussais regards the affection as a chronic
    human body , under conditions in which it inflammation of the lungs.
    does not ordinarily take place , and in spite of Physical Signs. - 1. In the first stage , whilst
    cleanliness . It has been asserted , that the affec . there are yet scattered miliary tubercles, -the
    tion has often caused death . only appreciable change at the exterior of the
    Simple and medicated baths have been recom- chest, and this is not constant, is a want of frec
    mended for its removal; lotions of the decoc- dom in the movements of the chest under one or
    lion or infusion of tobacco and stavesacre ,mer- both clavicles. Percussion will generally dis
    curial frictions , &c . cover a slight diminution of sound correspond.
    PHTHEIRIUM , Delphinium staphisagria. ing to the summit of one lung.
    PHTHISIS 535 PHYSICIAN

    In the same situation, auscultation shows / p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis - p. Pupillaris, Myosis
    that the inspiratory murmur is either weaker, -p. Pupillæ, Synezizis - p Scrophulosa, P.
    rougher, or confused . The sound of expira- pulmonalis-p. Tuberculosa, P. pulmonalis.
    tion is more distinct. The voice and cough PHTHISURIA , Diabetes .
    are rather more resonant , and wheezing or mu- PHTHOE , Phthisis.
    cous râle are occasionally heard in the same PHTHOIS , Pastil, Trochiscus . '
    region . PHTHOISCOS, Trochiscos, Pastil .
    2. When the tubercular deposition has be- PHTHORA , Abortion , Corruption .
    come more abundant, the motion of the chest PATHORIUS, Abortive.
    is more markedly diminished under one or both PHUSCA , Oxycrate .
    clavicles. The loss of sound on percussion is PHYGETH'LON , Panus, Phypella, from
    more distinct, the inspiration , on auscultation , quyo , ' I broil. Inflammation of the superfi
    is bronchial, the expiration louder and more cial lymphatic glands, not ending in suppura
    superficial, and the resonance of the voice and tion .
    cough is increased. The rest of the lung is PHYLACTE'RION , Amuletum .
    perhaps healthy, or the respiration may be pue- PHYLACTE'RIUM , froin quầuoow , ' I pre
    rile. serve .' A Phylactery. An amulet :-a prophy
    3. When the tubercles are undergoing soft- lactic .
    ening , —in addition to the preceding signs, PHYLAXIS , Conservation .
    auscultation exhibits subcrepitant râlc around PHYLLAN'THUS URINA'RIA , Binkohun
    the apex of the lung, decreasing from above ba. A plant employed in Ceylon, in decoc
    downwards. It is most distinct during or after tion , as a diuretic .
    the cough , and at the close of a deep inspira- PHYLLITIS, Asplenium Scolopendrium.
    tion . As the disease proceeds , the bubbling be- PHYMA , Phima, from Quomai, ' I spring up .'
    comes successively larger, and ultimately gar. With the ancients, this word was used with
    gouillement is heard. The inspiration and ex. great latitude : sometimes, in the sense of
    piration are cavernous or tracheal . The voice phlegmon, for tumours larger than a boil , and
    and cough indicate unusual resonance and pec- perfectly suppurative. In the Nosology of
    toriloquy. The intercostal spaces are often de- Sauvages, Phymata is an order of diseases, to
    pressed locally, and percussion may become which herefers erysipelas,ædema, phlegmon,
    gradually clearer and even tympanitic as the emphysema, scirrhus, & c. In that of Dr.Good
    cavern increases . it is a genus,including hordeolum , furunculus,
    It is only in the incipient state of this formi- sycosis, and anthrax.
    dable disease , that advantage can be expected Phyma ANTHRAX, Anthrax - p. Anthrax ter.
    from any plan of treatment ; and of all means minthus, Terminthus - p. Sycosis, Sycosis.
    that can be devised, that of removing to a cli- PHY MATOSIS, Excrescence - p . Elephan .
    mate in which air and exercise can be daily tiasis, Elephantiasis - p. Verrucosa , Verruca.
    enjoyed during the autumnal, winter and spring PHYMOSIS, Phimosis.
    monihs is the best. See Climate . If this be PHYPELLA , Phygethlon .
    impracticable, the patient must be kept in a PHYSA , Crepitation.
    regulated temperature, taking care that the PHYS'ALIS , P. Alkeken'gi,Sola'num vesica '.
    chamber be duly ventilated ; and gestation in rium , Alchachen'ge, Alkeken'gi, Halicac'abum ,
    the open air be used, whenevertheatmosphere , Winter Cherry, (F.) Alkekenge, Coqueret. Fa
    alt ugh cold, is dry. mily, Solaneæ . Sez. Syst. Pentandria Mono
    The other indications will be : 1. To mode- gynia. The berries are recommended as a
    rate inflammatory action : 2. To support the diuretic, from 6 10 12 for a dose, in dropsical
    strength : and, 3. To palliate urgentsymptoms. and calculous cases.
    The whole treatinent indeed is palliative. Physalis ALKEKENGI , Physalis .
    Counter- irritants relieve pain : demulcents and PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
    mild opiates alleviate the cough : the inineral –p. Nivalis , Lichen caninus.
    acids united with opium relieve the colliqua- PHYSCONIA , froτη φυσκη, < a bladder. '
    tive sweats : and chalk and opium the diarrhea. Ventros'itas, Ecphy'ma physco'nia, Hyposar'ci,
    Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particu. Emphractica, Visco'nia , Hypersarchidios. A 8

    lar species of phthisis, which is characterized, generic term , under which Sauvages has com
    in the early stage, by a deranged state of the prised every large tumour, developed in the
    digestive organs; flatulent, irregular bowels ; abdomen, that is neither fuctuating nor so .
    furred tongue ; impaired appetite ; unnatural norous. Linnæus calls them Hyposarca.
    fæces ; and the epigastric region more or less PhyscoNIA Biliosa , Turgescentia vesicula
    full and tender on pressure . The affection of fellex - p. Mesenterica, Tabes mesenterica
    the lungs is here secondary. He calls it Dys- p Splenicum , Ague cake .
    pep/tic phthisis. PHYSEMA, Tympanites , Physesis.
    Phtoisis DORSALIS , Tabes dorsalis-p. Dys
    peptic, see Phthisis. PHYSE'SIS, Physema, from quoaw , ' I in
    Puthisis LARYNGE's , (F.) Phthisie laryngée, fate.' An emphysematous tumour. Tympa
    Ulcère du larynr, is a species of consumption nites, ( q. v .)
    analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, and produced PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS . See
    by in Hammation and ulceration of the interior Cetaceum .
    of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of the PHYSIATRICE, Vis Medicatrix Naturæ .
    cartilages. Phthisis trachea'lis is a similar af. PHYSIC , Medicament, Medicina - p. Indian ,
    ſection, seated in the trachea, Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia Trifoliata.
    Puthisis MESERAICA , Tabes mesenterica- PAYSI" CIAN , Med'icus, latros, Aces'tor,
    PHYSICS 536 PICROTOXINE

    Altheus, from Quois, ' nature .' ( F.) Médecin . !970c , ' the womb.' A light, tense, circum .
    One who has received his degree from an incor- scribed protuberance in the hypogastrium , ob
    porated Institution, as Doctor (q. v.) of Medi- scurely sonorous, - with wind occasionally dis
    cine. The French, formerly , used the word phy. charged through the os uteri.
    sicien in the same sense. It is now appropriated PHYSON , Flatulence .
    to the natural philosopher. PHYSONCUS, Emphysema .
    PHYSICS, Iatrophys'ics. Physics , directly PHYSOSPASMUS , Colica flatulenta.
    applied to Medicine: either to the explanation PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
    of the vital phenomena, the preservation of in- PHYTOLAC'CA DECANDRA , Poke Weed,
    dividuals , or the treatment of disease. American Night Shade, Cancer root, Jucato Cul
    PHYSIO-AUTOCRATIA , Vis medicatrix leloe,(?) Jalap , Pigeon Berries, Sola'num racemo'
    naturæ . sum America'num , S. magnum Virginia'num
    PHYSIOG'NOMY, Physiognomia , Physiog. rubrum , (F.) Raisin d'Amérique, Phytolaque à
    nom'icu, Physiognom'ice, Physionoin'ia , Physi. dix étamines, Morelle en grappes, Mechoachan du
    ognomon/icu, Physiognom'oně, Physiognomos'- Canada. Family, Chenopodeæ . Sex. Syst. De.
    ynē, Physiognomosia, Anthroposcopia, Proso. candria Decagynia. The leaves, berries, and
    pomanti'a, Semiotice faciei, Physiognomo'nia, roots are employed. The young stems, when
    Physiognom'ony, Metopos'copy,Prosopo'sis, from boiled, are sometimes eaten attable; but when
    Quois, nature, and yerboxeos, 1 know .' The old, they must be cautiously used, as the plant
    art of knowing the dispositions of men from is emetic and cathartic. It is most celebrated
    their external appearance; especially from the as a remedy in chronic rheumatism ; and is
    features. given in the form of tincture of the ripe ber
    Every inference ofthis kind must necessarily ries. It is, also, used in cutaneous eruptions ;
    be extremely fallacious, and cannot be reduced as tinea capitis, itch , cancerous ulcers, &c .
    to rule , as was attempted by Lavater and others . The root is gathered and dried in the fall.
    In infantile diseases , numerous shades of ex- PHYTOLAQUE À DIX ÉTAMINES, Phy.
    pression are evident , which experience teaches tolacca decandra.
    how to appreciate ; and which afford useful PIA MATER, Pia seu mollis seu ten'uis
    guides in the pathology of that period of ex. Mater, Meninz inte'rior, Menint choroï'des, In
    istence . ner lam'ina of the Méningine (Ch.,) Membra'na
    PHYSIOLOGICAL DOCTRINE — Brous, vasculo'sa Cerebri, (F.) Pie mèrc, Meningelte.
    saism . The pia mater is a very delicate membrane,
    PHYSIOLOGICE , Physiology, which covers the brain immediately, penetrates
    PHYSIOLOGY, Physiolo'gia, Biology, Phy, into its anfractuosities, and envelops, also , the
    siologice, Ecomo'mia animalis, Inatomiu viva , cerebellum and the spinal prolongation , &c.
    Anatomé anima'ta , Anthropologia, Microcosmo. Bichat does notregard it as a membrane, pro
    gra'phia, Microcosmica scientia , Cogni'tio phy- perly so called, but as a net-work of blood-ves
    siolog'ica, Pars natura'lis medici'na , Philosoph ', sels, united by a lax cellular tissue . The Pia
    ia corporis viri ; from Qvois, nature ,' and Mater exterior is the portion of membrane which
    2.oyos, -a description . Formerly , Physiology covers the exterior of the encephalon, and faces
    meant the same as Physics, in its extensive the arachnoid externally. The Pia Mater interior
    signification, now does. At the present day , it is that which lines the cerebral fossæ ; into
    includes the science which treats of the func- which it penetrates by a cleft situate beneath
    tions of animals or vegetables; an acquaintance the posterior part of the corpus callosum and
    with the phenomena the aggregate of whic the fornix ; and by two other fissures , situate
    constitute life . It is the science of life . between the corpora fimbriat and thalami ner
    It is divided into animal or vegetable, ac- vorum opticorum . The pia mater contains a
    cording as it considers the life of animals or great number of granulations, similar to the
    of vegetables singly. Comparative Physiology Glandula Pacchioni.
    comprises both . Physiology is, also , general PIAN , Frambæsia .
    or special ; according as it treats of life in the PIANS , MOTHER OF , Mama-pian .
    abstract or in some particular species. To the PIAR , Pinguedo.
    latter belongs the Physiology of Mun , -called, PICA , Malacia .
    also , Hugicnic Physiology, to distinguish it from .! PICACISMUS, Malacia.
    Pathological Physiology or Pathology. PICATIO , Malacia.
    PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy . PICEA , Pinus abies.
    PHYSIONOMIE ÉGARÉE . Šee Wild . PICERION, Butter .
    PHYSIS , Sex. PICOTE , Variola .
    PHYSOCE'LÉ , Pneumatocele, Hernia rento'. PICOTEMENT, Pricking .
    sa ; from ovouv), “ I insufflate ,' and xari, ' a tu- PICRIA , Bitterness.
    mour.' An emphysematous tuunour of the scro- PICRIUM SPICATUM , Coutoubea aloa.
    tum ; probably, a case of intestinal hernia, con- PICROCHOLOS, Bilious.
    taining much flatus. PICROS, Amarus.
    PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from quod, ' flatus,' PICROTOXINE, Picrotoxi'na , Picrotor'ia ,
    and repair ,' the head.' Physcocephalus. Em from ruxgos, “bitter,' and toživov, poison .' A
    physematous tumefaction of the head. vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in
    PHYSOCELIA , Tympanites. the Menispermum Cocculus. It crystallizes in
    PHYSOMEʼTRA, Emphyse'ma l'teri, Hys. quadrangular, white , brilliant, semitransparent
    teroph'ysē, Hysteropsophia, Emphysema uteri'- prisms; which are excessively bitter, soluble
    num , Influ'tio Uteri, Tim'pany of the Womb, in three parts of alcohol, and in fifteen of boil.
    Uterine tympaniles, from quoqu,' I inflate,' and ing water.
    PIE MÈRE 537 PILL

    The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous | PILEOUS, Pilosus, (F.) Pileur. That which
    relates to the hair.
    properties to this principle.
    PIE MÈRE, Pia mater. The Pileous SYSTEM of Bichat is that formed
    PIÈCE, Hepatitis . by the hair. It comprises the different species
    PIED , Pes - p. d'Alexandre, Anthemis pyre- of hairof the human body.
    thrum-p. d'Alouette des champs, Delphinium PILES, BLIND , Cæcæ bæmorrhoides,
    consolida - p . Bot , see Kyllosis-p . de Chat, PILEUS, Pile'olus. A shield. A nipple-like
    Antennaria dioica - p. de Checal marin , Cornu instrument, formed of various materials, and
    ammonis - p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helle. used by females for protecting the nipple during
    borus fætidus - p. de Lion, Alchemilla — p. de the child's sucking, when the part is painful.
    Lit, Origanum --p. d'Ours, Acanthus mollis , Also, a Caul, (q. v.)
    p . Plat, see Kyllosis—p . de Veau , Arum macu- Pileus , Cucupha-- p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet
    latum . d'Hippocrate .
    PIEIRON , Pingucdo. PİLEUX, Pileous..
    PIERRE, Calculus - p. d'Aigle, Ætites - p. PILEWORT, Ranunculus ficaria .
    d'Azur , Lapis lazuli - p. Calaminaire, Calamine PILIER , Pillar.
    p . à Cauière, Potassa cum calce-p. Infernale PILIMICTIO . See Trichiasis.
    Argenti nitras - p. Judaique, Judæus , (lapis )- PII OF ALOES AND CAMBOGE, Pilulæ
    p. Médicamenteuse, Medicamentosus lapis— aloes canibogiæ-p. of Aloes and cinchona, Pi.
    P. Nephrétique, Nephreticus lapis — p. Ponce,
    Pumex .
    lulæ aloes et kinæ kine-p. of Aloes and colo
    cynth , Pilulæ aloes et colcynthidis - p. of Aloes
    PIERRES CRAYEUSES, Calculi arthritic and fetid gums, Pilulæ de aloe ét fælidis - p. of
    -p.au Fiel, Calculi biliary - p. Urinaires, Cal. Aloes and ginger, Pilulæ aloes et zingiberis
    culi urinary. p . Aloes and myrrh , Pilulæ aloes et myrrhæ
    PIESTER, Press. p . Aloetic , Pilulæ aloeticæ - p . Aloetic and asa
    PIESTERION , Press. fætida, Pilula aloes et asafoetide - p. Aloetic,
    PIESTRON , from new, ' I press.' An in- compound, Pilulæ aloes compositæ -- p. of Am
    strument recommended by Hippocrates for moniuret of copper , Pilulæ ammoniureti cupri
    breaking the bones of the fætal head, when -p: Analeptic, James's, see Analeptica - p.
    too large to be extracted otherwise. Anderson's , see Pilulæ de aloe et fætidis - p.
    PIGAMON JAUNATRE , Thalictron , Anodyne , Pilulæ opiate-p. Antibilious, Bar
    PIGEON BERRIES , Phytolacca decandra. clay's Pilulæ antibiliosæ - . Antibilious, Dix .
    PIGNUT, Earlhnut, Groundnut. The bul . on's, see Pilulæ antibiliosu - p. Bacher's, Pilulæ
    bous root of the Bunium Bulbocas'tanum . ex helleboro et myrrhâ - p. Barbarossa's, Bar
    Called pignuts from the fondness of the pig for barossæ pilulæ .
    them . They have been considered to possess Pill, Blaud's. These Pills, proposed by M.
    a styptic quality ; and are deemed serviceable Blaud as antichlorotic , are formed as follows.
    in atonic affections of the kidney .-Hooper . Take of Gum Tragacanth, in powder, six grains;
    Pignut , Bunium bulbocastanum . water, one dram . Macerate in a glass or porce
    PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguen- lain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed ,
    tarius . and if it be desired to prevent the formation of
    PIGMENTUM , Paint-p. Indicum , Indigo peroxide of iron ,and to make the pills similar
    -p. Nigrum, see Choroid-p. Urucu, Terra to
    orleana .
    those of Vallet,substitute a dram of powdered
    sugar for the mucilage . Add afterwards of sul.
    PIGNEROLE, Centaurea calcitrapa. phate of iron , in powder, half an ounce . Beat
    PIGNON DE BARBARIE , Jatropha curcas well until the mixture is homogeneous, and add
    -p. d'Inde, Jatropha curcas . subcarbonate of potass, half an ounce . Beat
    PIGSFLARE, Adeps suilla. until the mass becomes of a deep green colour,
    PILA, Sphæra, Ball. A gymnastic exercise, and of a soft consistence. Divide into 48 pills.
    much used by the ancients as well as moderns. Dose, one a day ; gradually increasing to two,
    -Galen . Also , a mortar and a pestle . Aconē. and afterwards three.
    Pila , Mortar, Pillar - p . Damarum , Ægagro- | . Pill, Blue, Pilulæ hydrargyri - p.Calomel, Pi
    phila - p. Rupicaprarum ,Ægagrophila . lulæ hydrargyri submuriatis compositæ - p.Cam .
    Pila Mari'na, Sphæra Marina, Sphæra Tha- boge , Pilulæ cambogiæ compos.- p. Camboge,
    las'sia , Halcyo'nium rotun'dum , ( F.) Pelote de compound, Pilulæ cambogiæ aloelice-p.Com .
    Mer . Certain light, round , depressed , or ob- mon, Pilulæ aloes et myrrhe- p. Female ,Pilulæ
    long masses - inodorous and insipid - in which de aloe et fætidis-p. Ferruginous, of Vallet, see
    rushes , hairs, and the debris of shells are met Ferri Protocarbonas - p. Fothergill's, see Pilulæ
    with . These are found on the sea-shores, and aloes et colocynthidis - p. Galbanum ,compound,
    have been regarded by Spielmann as consisting Pilulæ galbani compositæ -- p. Gum , Pilulæ gal.
    chiefly of the roots of the Zostera Marina. bani compositæ -- p. of Hellebore and myrrh ,
    Iodine is detected in the ashes, which accounts Pilulæ ex helleboro et myrrha-p. Hooper's,
    for its success in goître. They have, also, been see Pilulæ aloes et myrrhæ -- p. Keyser s, see
    given as a vermifuge. Hydrargyrus acetatus — p. Lady Crespigny's,
    PILARE MALUM , Trichosis. Pilulæ aloes et kinæ kine-p . Machine, Pilulier
    PILA'TIO. Fracture of the cranium , in -p. Mathews's , see Pilulæ ex helleboro et
    which the fissure is narrow, and has the ap- myrrha - p. Mercurial , Pilulæ hydrargyri - p.
    pearance of a hair. A Cap'illary fissure, (F.) Moseley's, Pilulæ rhej composite -- p: Night,
    Fente capillaire. common, Pilulæ opiat - p. Opiate, Pilulæ opiata
    PILEOLUM, Calotte. -p . Peter's, see Pilulæ aloes et cambogi& p.
    PILEOLUS, a Caul , Pileus. Plummer's, Pilulæ hydrargyri submuriatis com
    63
    PILLAR 538 PILULÆ

    positæ-p. Red, Pilulæ hydrargyri submuriatis | ecphractica, Female pills, Pilulı aloes martia'les.
    compositæ , p. 'Red , Boerhaave's, see Hydrar- |(É.) Pilules bénites de Fuller. Aloes socotr.,
    gyri sulphuretum rubrum—p. Rhubarb , com- senna, asafætida, galbani, ā, zij, myrrh, ziv,
    pound, Pilulæ rhei compositæ -- P. Rufus's, Pi- croci, macis, āá 3j,ferri sulphat. Ziss. Reduce
    lulæ alces et myrrhæ - p. Scotch, Pilulæ de aloe to powder separately, and add ol. succin. gtt. viij,
    et fætidis-p. of Soap and opium , Pilulæ sapn- syr. artemisie (9. s.) Ph . P.) Purgative, and
    nis cum opio - p . Speediman's, see Pilulæ aloes given in hysteria. Dose, gr. xv to xx.
    et myrrhæ-p. Squill , compound, Pilulæ scillæ Pilulx Aloes ET JALAP'Æ , commonly called
    compositæ - p. Starkey's , see Pilulæ ex helle. Anderson's Pills, Anderson's Scots' Pills, Scotch
    boro et myrrhâ - p. Storax, Pilulæ e styrace- Pills. ( Aloes Barbad. fbj, rad.helleb ,nigr., tad.
    p. of Strychnine, Pilulæ strychnina - p .of Sub- jalape, potassæ subcarb., aa 3j , ol. unisi ziv,
    inuriate of mercury, compound, Pilulæ hydrar. syrup. simpl. q. 6.- Gray.) Dose, gr. x to xxx.
    gyri submuriatis compositæ - p. Turpentine, A committee of the Philadelphia College of
    Pilulæ de terebinthina - p. Vallet's, see Ferri Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes
    Protocarbonas - p. Webster's, Pilulæ aloes et Barbadens. zxxiv , Saponis, Ziv, Colocynthid.
    kine kinæ . 3j, Gambogia , zj , Ol. anis. f. 3ss.
    PILLAR , Pila , Colum'na, Columella, ( F. ) PILULÆ ALOES ET KINÆ KINÆ, P. stomach '.
    Pilier. A name given to several parts ; as the icæ , P. ante cibum ; Pill of Aloes and Cinchona .
    pillars of the velum palati, diaphragm , (q.v.) &c. (F.) Pilules Gourmandes. (Aloes socotr. zvj,
    PILON , Pilum . ext. cinchon. ziij, cinnam . 3j, syrup . absinth. q. s.
    PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella. Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Dose , gr. :
    PILOSUS, Pileous. to xx .
    PIL'ULA . Diminutive of pila ,'a ball : ' Sphe- Ludy Crespi'gny's Pills, Lady Webster's Pills,
    rid'ion , Catapo'tion , Spha'rion, Gongyl'ion, (F.) and the Pilula slomachic& Mesues, Ph. L. 1635 ,
    Pilule. A simple or compound medicine, weigh- resemble those.
    ing from one to five grains , of a firm consistence PILULÆ ALOES MARTIALES, P. de Aloe et fæ
    and spherical form ; intended to be swallowed tidis.
    at once , without chewing. The Pill differs PILULÆ ALOES ET MYRRHÆ , P. Aloes cum
    from thé bolus, in the latter being softer and Myrrhâ, P. de Aloë et Myrrhâ, Rufus's Pills,
    larger. Common Pills, Pilula Rufi, P. commu'nes, Pills
    Medicines are often given in the form of pill,of Aloes and Myrrh. ( Aloes spic. ext. Zij, croci
    on account of their disagreeable taste and odour. stigmat., myrrh, sing. 3), Syr. q.s. Ph.L.) Ca
    Pilula , also, means a Pilular mass . thartic and emmenagogue . Dose , gr. x to xx.
    PILULÆ EX ALOE,P. aloes Compositæ Hooper's Pills, according to one of Gray's
    p. de Aloe et cambogia , P.aloes et cambogiæ . formulæ, are made as follows. Ferri sulph .,
    PILULÆ Aloer'icæ , Pilula ex Aloë et Supo'nē, aquæ,āá zviij : dissolve. - Add aloes barbad.
    Aloetic Pill. (F.) Pilules d'aloes ou aloétiques. Ibij and Zvíij,canelle alba, zvj, gum myrrh. Zij,
    ( Gummi resin. aloes socotrin. in pulo . trit.;sapo- opopanucis ziv .
    nis, sing. p. æ . syr. q. s. Ph. E.) Dose , gr. x The committee of the Philadelphia College
    to xx in habitual costiveness. of Pharmacy recommend the following form .
    Pilule AlOES ET Asafet'IDÆ, Aloetic and Aloes Barbadensis, Zviij, Ferri Sulphatis exsic
    Asafatida Pills. (Gum . res. aloes socotr.trit.; cat. Zij, ziss, vel Ferri sulph. crystall. Ziv, Ext.
    asafætide, saponis, sing. p . æ.; mucilag, mimos. Helleb. nigr. Zij, myrrh. Zij, Saponis, zij, Ca
    nilotic. q. s. Ph. E.) Purgative and stomachic . neliæ in pulo.trite , žj , Zingib. in pulo. trita, Zj.
    Dose, gr . x . Speediman's Pills consistof aloes, myrrh , rhu
    PILULÆ ALOES ET CAMBO'GIÆ , P. de Aloë et barb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil of
    Cumbo' giâ , P. Hydragoga Bontii, Pill of Aloes chamomile.
    and Camboge. · (Aloes, cambog.,gum.ammoniac., PILULÆ DE ALOE ET SAPONE, P. aloeticæ .
    àā.p.a. Make into a powder. Dissolve in vine PiluLÆ ALOES CUM ZINGIB'ERE, Pill of aloes
    gar; pass through a cloth ; express the residuum and ginger. ( Aloes hepat. Zj, rad, zingib. in
    strongly; and afterwards evaporate, in a water- pulo. 3 ), sapon .hispan. zss, ol. ess. menthe pip.
    bath , to a pilular consistence. Ph. P.) Purga- x3ss. Ph. D.) In habitual'costiveness. Dose, gr.
    tive : used in dropsy. Dose , gr. sij to xxx . to xx.
    Peters' Pills - à nostrum-are formed of aloes PILULÆ AMMONIURE'TI CUPRI , Pills of Am
    jalap, scammony, and camboge,each equal parts. moniuret of Copper, Pilule Cupri. (F.) Pi
    PilulÆ ALOES ET Colocys’THIDIS, P. et Co- lules d'ammoniure de cuivre. (Åmmoniur. cu
    locynthidē
    P.coccine, cum aloe, P.P.Aloes
    P. Cocchii, cum Colocynthide,
    colocyn'thidis compos'- pri
    aquæin carbonatis
    pulo. ten. trit. gr. xvj 9.
    ammoniæ , mice panisinto
    s. Beat Jiv,a
    itæ, P. cocciæ mino'res, Pill of Aloes and Colo- mass, and divide into xxxij pills. Ph. E.) To
    cynth. ( Pulp . coloc. zss, aloes hepat., scammon ., nic and antispasınodic , in epilepsy, &c. Dose,
    aä Zj,sapon. zij ol.caryoph. Zj, syrup. q. s. Ph. one
    D.) Cathartic. Dose , gr. v . to x or more.
    pill twice daily ; gradually increasing the
    dose .
    Foth'ergill's Pills consist of aloes, scammony, PILULÆ ANTE CIBUM, P. aloes et kinæ kinæ.
    colocynth , and oxide of antimony . PiluLÆ AntibiliO'SÆ ,- Barclay's Antibil'ious
    PilULÆ Aloes Compos'ıTÆ, Pilulæ ex Aloë, Pills. ( Extract of colocynth zij, resin of jalap
    Compound Aloetic Pills. ( Aloes spic. extruct. 3j,almond soap ziss,guaiac. Ziij, emetictart. gr.
    cont. Zj, ezt. gentiana Zss, olei curui glt xl. syr: viij, ol. junip ., ol. carui, ol. rosmarin ,äā gll. iv ,
    q. s. Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called syrup of buckthorn q. s., to form 64 pills .) Dose,
    Family pills, Antibilious pills, &c. 2 or 3 .
    . PILULÆ DE ALOE Et Fet'idis , P. Benedic'la Dixon's Antibilious Pills are formed of aloes,
    Fulleri, Pill of aloes and fetid gums; Pilula scammony, rhubarb, and turlarized antimony
    PILULÆ 539 PILULÆ

    PILULÆ ANTI- SCROPHULO'SÆ , P. ex Oxido Sti- sitæ - p. Hydragogæ Bontii, Pilulæ aloes et cam
    bii et Hydrar'gyri sulphure'to nigro compos'ite . bogiæ .
    (P. scammon ., hydrarg. sulphur . nigr ., áă zij. Pirulæ HYDRAR'GYRI , P. mercurid'les, Mer
    antimonii oxidi albi, milleped ., sapon. amygdalin, curial pill. Blue pill. (F.) Pilules de Mercure.
    aa ziij, extract. glycyrrh. zv. Make into a mass. (Hydrarg. purif. zij, confect. rosa gallic. ziij,
    Ph. P.) Dose , gr. iv. to I. glycyrrh . rad . cont. 3j. Rub the quicksilver
    PilÚLE ANTIHERPETICE , Pilulæ hydrargyri with the confection , until the globules disap
    submuriatis comp .-p: Antihystericæ , P. gal. pear ; then add the liquorice powder, and beat
    bani compositæ -- p: Antispasticæ , P. galbani the whole into a uniformi mass. Ph. L.) Anti
    compositæ - p. Asafatidæ compositæ , P. gal . syphilitic . Mercurial :-in large doses, purga
    bani compositæ . tive .
    PILULÆ BALSAMICÆ , P. Doctoris Morton . PILULÆ DE HydraRGYRO, SCAMMO'NIO , ET
    ( Milleped. pulverisat. záviij, gum .ammon. 3x), Aloe, vulgo MERCURIA’LES , (F.) Pilules Mer
    acid. benzoic. 3vj, croci, balsam . Peruo. åā zi, curielles ou de Mercure, Scammonde et Aloes.
    balsam . sulph . anisat. 3vj . Mix. Ph. P.) Tonic, (Hydrarg ; purif.3j, mellis Zxj. Rub until the
    expectorant, and balsamic. globules disappear; then add aloes socot., scam
    Pilule Benedictæ Fulleri , P. de Aloe et mon.äā 3Ph), macis, cinnam ., äă zij. Make into
    fætidis. mass .
    a . P.) Uses, same as the last, but
    PILULÆ CAMBO'GIÆ Compos'ITÆ , P. de guttâ they are more purgative. Dose , gr. viij to xxx .
    gaman'drâ , P. hydragogæ , Gamboge pills , Pi. These pills are nearly the same as the Pastilles
    lula gummi guttæ aloet'icæ ; Compound camboge de Renaudot.
    pills. (F.) Pilules de gomme gutte composées. PILULÆ EX HYDRARGYRO MURIATICO MITI
    ( Cambogiæ contrila, aloes spicat. extract. contriti. CUM SULPHURE STIBIATO AURANTIACO, Pilulæ
    pulo. cinnam.comp. sing. 3), saponis 3ij. Ph.L.) hydrargyri submuriatis compositæ .
    Cathartic. Dose, gr. x to xx. PILULÆ HYDRARGYRI SUBMURTA'Tis Compos'
    PILULE Cocchii, P. aloes et colocynthidis— ITE, Pilule er Stibio et Hydrargyro, P. antiher
    p. Cocciæ minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis— peticæ, P. er hydrargyro muriatico miti cum
    p. Coccinæ , P. aloes et colocynthidis - p. Colo- sulphure stibia'to auriantiaco, P. resolren'tes
    cynthidis compositæ ,P. aloes etcolocynthidis— cum mercurio, P. depurantes; Compound Pills
    p. ex Colocynthide cum aloe, P. aloes et colo. of Submuriate of Mercury , P. Hydrargyri Sub.
    cynthidis - p. Communes, P. aloes et myrrhæ- muriatis, Calomel Pills, Plummer's Pills, the
    p . Cupri, Pilulæ ammoniureti cupri. Red Pill. ( Hydrarg. submur ., antimon. sulphur.
    PILULE DE Cynoglos'so, P. de extracto opii . precipitat. sing. 3ij, guaiac. gum resin. contrit.
    ( Pulo. rad. cynogloss., semin. hyoscyam . alb., ziv, spirit. rect. 3ss. Beat together. Ph. L.)
    extract. opii dinos. aa ziv , pulo. myrrh . Zvj , oli- Mercurial , and reputed to be diaphoretic and
    ban. 3v, croci, castor., aá Ziss, syrup. opi q. s. alterative. Dose , gr. v to x.
    Ph. P.) Anodyne. In cough ,&c. Dose ,gr. Leake's Pilulla saluta'ria resembles these . It
    iv. to gr. viij. is used in syphilis.
    PILULE DEPURANTES, P. hydrargyri submu- PilulÆ MERCURIALES, P. hydrargyri, P. de
    riatis compos .- p . Ecphracticæ , P. de aloe et hydrargyro , scammonio et aloe --p. Doctoris
    fætidis . Morton , P.balsamicæmp. Myrrhæ compositæ ,
    Pilule FERRI Compos'ITÆ , Compound pills P.Galbanicompositæ .
    of Iron , Pilulæ Ferri cum myrrhâ. (F.) Pilules PilulÆ OPIA'TÆ , P. Theba'icæ , Opiate Pills ,
    de Fer composées. (Myrrh. cont. Zij, sode sub- Common Night Pills, Anodyne Pills, Nepen'thes
    carb., ferri sulph ., sacch . aa zj. Mix . Ph. L.) opia'tum . (F.) Pilules Opiacées. ( Opii, p. 1 ; erl .
    Tonic . Dose , gr . x to xx . glycyrıh. p . 7 ; fruct. myrt. piment. p . 2. Mix .
    Pilule FERRI CUM MYRRHA , P. Ferri com- Ph. E.) Five grains contain gr. ss of opium .
    positæ - p. Fætidæ , P. galbani compositæ . Pilol # Opu , P. saponis cum opio--p. de Ex
    PILULÆ GAL'BANI Compos'ITÆ , P.asafæt'idæ tracto opii, P. de cynoglosso - p.ex Oxido stibii
    composite , P.fatida , P. gummose, P. e gummi , ethydrargyri sulphureto nigro compositæ, Pi
    Compound galbanum pill, Pilula antispas'ticæ , lulæ antiscrophulose - p . Resolventes cum mer .
    P. antihysterica , P. myrrhæ compos'itæ, Gum curio, P. hydrargyri submuriatis compos . - p.
    pill. (Galban. gum. 3j, myrrha , sagapeni, aa de Rhabarbaro, Pilulæ rhei compositæ.
    Ziss , asafætida ziv, syrup.9. s. Ph . L. ) Anti- Pilulx Ruei Compos'ırÆ , P. de Rhabar'.
    spasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to xx. baro, Compound Rhubarb Pills. (Pulo . shei Zj,
    Pilul # GUMMI, P. galbani compositæ-p. aloes socotr. 3vj, myrrh. ziv, ol. mentha pip.
    Gummi guttæ aloeticæ, P. cambogiæ compositæ 355. Beat into a mass, with sirup, of orange
    p. Gummose, P. galbani composite - p. de peel. Pl . E. ) Laxative and stomachic. Dose,
    Guttâ gamandrâ, P. cambogiæ coinpositæ . gr . x to xx .
    PILULÆ EX HELLEB'ORO ET Myrrha, P. to. The stomachic nostrum , sold under the name
    nicæ , Bacher's Pills , Tonic Pills of Bacher , Pills of Moseley's Pills, consists inerely of rhubarb
    of Hellebore and Myrrh . ( Ext. helleb. nig. , ez- and ginger .
    tract. myrrh ., aa 3j, fol. cardui benedict., in pulv.
    Pilulx Rufi , P. aloes et myrrhæ - p. Salu
    ziij . Mix. Ph.P.) Tonic and emmenagogue. tariæ , Leake's, see Pilulæ hydrargyri 'submu
    In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affec- riatis compositæ -- p. Saponaceæ , P. saponis
    tions. Dose, gr. iv . to viij. cum opio.
    Matthews' Pills,-Starkey's Pills, are formed PILULÆ Sapo'nis cum Oppo, P. sapona'ceæ ,
    of rad.helleb. nigr. , rad. glycyrrh., supon. Cas. Pills of Soap and Opium , Pilula Opii. ( F.) Pi:
    till., rad . curcuma, opii purif ., syrup. croci, aä lules de Savon et d'Opium . (Opii duri contriti
    ziv. ol. tereb. q . s . ut fiat massa. - Gray. giv, saponis duri 3ij . Ph . L.) Five grains con
    # HYDRAGOG X , P , cambogia compo- tain one of opium .
    PILULES 540 PINEAL

    PILULÆ E Scilla , P. scillæ compositæ . have an aromatic odour ; and sweetish , warm ,
    PILULÆ Scillæ COMPOS'ITÆ , P. Scilliticæ , grateful taste . They are carminative ; and used
    P. Scillæ cum Zingib'ere, P. e Scillâ, Compound in dyspepsia and the torminaof infants. Dose ,
    Squill Pill. ( Scillæ rud. recent, exsiccat . et con- gr. xv to 3j,bruised .
    tus. 3), zingiberis rad. contritæ, saponis duri, The oil.-OLEUM Ani'si , ( F.) Huile d'anis
    àā ziij, ammoniaci contriti zij. Form the mass is officinal. Dose, gti . v to xv.
    into syrup. Ph. L.) Expectorant and diuretic . PIMPINELLA, GREATER, P.magna - p.Hircina,
    Dose, gr. x to xx . P. Saxifraga.
    PILULÆ Scillæ cum ZINGIBERE , P. scillæ PIMPINEL'LA Magna , P. nigra ; the Greater
    compositæmp. Scilliticw , P. scillæ composite Pimpinel'la; Tragoseli'num majus, Daucus Cy
    -p. ex Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri an'opus, (F. ) Boucage majeur. The root has
    submur. compos.-p . Stomachicæ , P. aloes et been extolled as diuretic and resolvent , as well
    kinæ kinæ . as in erysipelatous ulcerations , tinea capitis ,
    Pilulx STRYCHNI'N Æ , Pills of Strychnine. rheumatism , &c.
    (Very pure strychnine, 2 gr.; conserve of roses, PIMPINELLA NIGRA , P. magna .
    3ss. Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a PIMPINELLA Saxif'RAGA , Burnet sarifrage,
    dose . Pote'rium sanguisor'ba, Sorbastrella , Tragose
    Pilule E STY'RACE, Slorar Pills. ( Styracis li'num, Pimpinella hirci'na,P. umbellif'cra ,(F.)
    pur . ziij, opii purif., mellis, croci, sing. 3j. Boucage mineur, Petit B., Pimprenelle. The
    P. D.) Six grains contain one of opium . root has an unpleasant smell, and hot , pungent ,
    PILULÆ DE TEREbin'thina, Tur'pentine Pills. bitterish taste . It has been recommended as a
    Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight stomachic ; and as a stimulating gargle in para
    of water, until , when thrown into cold water, lysis of the tongue.
    it forms a soft paste . It has the properties of tur- PIMPINELLA UMBELLIFERA, P. Saxifraga.
    pentine, and has been administered in gleet, &c . PIMPLE , Papula.
    PILULÆ THEBAICÆ , P. opiatæếp. Tonicæ , PIMPRENELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga - p .
    P. ex Helleboro et myrrhâ. Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis.
    PILULES, Pilulæ-p. Agrégatires, see Ag. PIN. Perhaps from Pennum , low Latin ; or
    gregate - p.d'Aloes ou aloétiques,Pilulæ aloeticæ from Spina; Spina ferrea , Acus capita'ta, ( F.)
    -p.d'Ammoniure de cuivre,Pilulæ ammoniureti Epingle. An iron or brass instrument, gene
    cupri-p. Bénites de Fuller, Pilulæ de aloe et rally of small size; pointed at one extremity ,
    fætidis - p . de fer composées , Pilulæ ferri com. and having a head at the other. It is used , in
    positæ - p. Ferrugineuses deVallet, see Ferri pro- Surgery, to fix rollers and dressings ; and , oc
    tocarbonas - p. Gourmandes, Pilula aloes etkinæ casionally, id sutures.
    kina -- p. de Mercure, Pilula hydrargyri-- p . de PIN À PIGNONS. See Pinus picea.
    Mercure, & c ., Pilulæ de hydrargyro, scammo- PINASTELLUM , Peucedanum.
    nio et aloe - p. Mercurielles, Pilulæ de hydrar PINASTER , Pinus sylvestris.
    gyro, scammonio et aloe - p. Opiacées, Pilulæ PINCÉ, Pinched.
    opiatæ --p.de Savon et d'Opium , Pilulæ saponis PINCÉE , Pugillus.
    cum opio . PINCERS , Forceps.
    PILULIER , (F. ) Pill machine. An instru- PINCETTES, Forceps .
    ment, invented by the Germans , for rolling and PINCHED, Contrac'ius, ( F.) Pincé, Grippé.
    dividing pills. Also, the earthen pot in which | An epithet applied to the face, when the fea.
    pills are preserved. tures are contracted ; as in violent abdominal
    PILUM , Pistillus,Pistillum , Hyp'eros, Cer'- affections,or during intense pain .
    cis (F.) Pilon. A pestle . A wooden , iron, PINCKNEʻYA PUBESCENS , Georgia
    bell -metal, marble, agale, porcelain, or glass Bark . This bark has been used in Georgia
    instrument for beating or dividing substances in the cure of intermittents , and successfully :
    in a mortar .
    It is a powerful bitter. Dose, of the powder, 3j.
    PILUS, Capillus, Caul , Hair. PINE APPLE , Bromelia ananas-p. Apher
    PIMELE , Pinguedo.
    nousli, Pinus cembra -- p. Ground, stinking,
    PIMELORRHOEA, from rean, fat,' and Camphorosma monspeliaca-p. Mountain , see
    PEW, ‘ I fow . A morbid discharge or disappear. Pinus mughos -- p . Mugho, see Pinus Mughos
    ance of fat.
    PIMELOʻSIS, from revenn , fat.' Conver. -p: Stone, Pinus pinea.
    PINEA , Pinus pinea .
    sion into fat, as Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, ' fatty de. PINEAL, Pinea'lis, from pinus, ba pine .'
    generation of the liver. ' That which resembles a pine-apple .
    PIMENT, Capsicum annuum - p . Royal, My. The PINEAL GLAND , Glandula pined'lis, Ce
    rica gale.
    PIMENTÆ BACCÆ . See Myrtuspimento. rebral epiph'ysis,
    Penis cerebri, Condrium
    Corpus , Conoi'des
    turbind tum , is acorpus,
    small
    PIMENTO . See Myrtus pimento .
    body , of a conical shape ; pale red orbetween
    PIMPERNEL, RED, Anagallis -- p. Water, colour; and soft consistence ; situate grayish
    Veronica beccabunga . the fornix and the tubercula quadrigemina. It
    PIMPILIM , Piper longum .
    PIMPINEL , ITALIAN , Sanguisorba offici- almost always
    When these containstogether
    are grouped sabulous
    overparticles
    the base.
    nalis . of the gland , they form the Acerrulus Cerebri
    PIMPINEL'LA ANI'SUM . The Anise plant. of Sömmering. From its anterior part arise
    Anisum , Anisum rulga're , Sola 'men intestino'. two medullary striæ , which proceed over the
    rum, Ane'sum, (F.) Anis. Family, Umbelliferæ . posterior comniissure; coast along the optic
    Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A native of thalami, and unite at the anterior pillar of the
    Egypt . The seeds, Sem'ina Ani'si, An'isced , fornix .
    ཨང་
    པྱིང་ ་་
    ་ཕརྩིས་
    PINEUS PURGANS 541 PINUS

    The uses of the pineal gland are unknown. quently, forms excellent plasters for remaining
    Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul ! upon the part, for some time; -as in cases of
    PINEUS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas. affections of the chest.
    PINGUEDO , Pim'ele, Piar, Pieiron , Lipos, 2. Abietis Resina, (Ph . L. since 1809 )
    Stear, Adeps, Sedum , Sebum , Corpus adipo'sum , Thus, Common Frankincense, Perrosin , Thu's
    Axun'gia, Fat, (F.)Graisse. A soft,white,animal fæmini'num , T. vulga'rē, Olibanum vulgare,
    substance; inodorous; insipid ; oily ; inflamma-Resina abietis sicca, Resin of the Spruce Fir. It
    ble,easy to melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming is solid , dry , brittle ; externally, brownish -yel
    rancid by union with oxygen : almost insoluble low ; internally, whitish. Used in plasters like
    in alcohol; insoluble in water; soluble in the the last.
    fixed oils. Fat is formed of two immediate Pinus BALSAMEA , Abies Canaden'sis. The
    principles, stearine and elaine, to which are, tree which affords the Canada Balsam , Balsa
    almost always, joined an odorous and a colour- mum Canaden's?, Resina strobili'na, Terebin'.
    ing principle. It is found in a number of ani- thina Canaden'sis, Pini balsameæ resina liquida,
    inal tissues, and is very abundant in the neigh- Resina flu'ida Canadensis, Terebinthina bal.
    bourhood of the kidneys and in the epiploon. samea. Canada Balsam the purest
    is one of
    It is generally fluid in the cetacea; soft, and turpentines. It has the common properties of
    of a strong smell in the carnivora; solid , and those substances .
    inodorous in the ruminating animal ; white, Pinus CANADEN'sis , Abies Canaden'sis, Hem
    and abundant in young animals ; and yellowish lock spruce. A tree, which is abundant in Ca
    in old. It forms about a 20th part of the weight nada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern parts
    of the human body . of New England, and found in the elevated
    The fat, considered physiologically , has, for and mountainous regions of the Middle States.
    its function , to protect the organs ; maintain The pitch obtained from it is commonly known
    their temperature ; and to serve for nutrition under the name Hemlock gum .
    in case of need ; as is observed in torpid animals. Pinus CEMBRA , Aphernous'li Pine. It yields
    PingueDO RENALIS , Nephridion. an agreeably scented turpentine :-- the Carpa'
    PINGUICULA VULGA'RIS , Sanic'ula thian Balsam , Balsamum Carpath'icum , B. Lit '.
    monta'na, S. Eboracen'sis, Vi'ola palus'tris, Do- ani, Carpath'icum , Briançon Tur'pentine. The
    decalh'eon Plin'ii, Butter-wort, Yorkshire San'- nuts, Cembro nuts, have an eatable kernel , and
    icle. Family, Personneæ. Ser. Syst. Diandria yield oil. The shoots yield Riga balsam by
    Monogynia . The unctuosity of this plant has distillation.
    caused it to be applied to chaps,and as a poma Pinus Larix, Larir . The Larch , (F.) Melèze.
    tum to the hair. Decoctions of the leaves, in From this tree exude Or'enburg gum , and Bri'
    broths, are used by the common people in Wales ançon manna. It also yields, by boring, Com
    as a cathartic . mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Laricis, Tere.
    PINGUIN , Bromelia pinguin. binthina Ven'eta , Pini Lar'icis resina liquida,
    PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas . ( F.) Térébenthine de Vénise, T. de Melèze. It is
    PINK, CAROLINA , Spigelia Marilandica. usually thinner than the other sorts of turpen
    Pink Dyx , Stripped safflower 3j, subcarb. of tine.
    potass, gr. xviij, spirit of wine zvij: digest for Pinus Mughos. The_Mountain or Mugho
    two hours; add distilled water zij: digest for Pine, Pinus Pumil'io. From the extremities
    two hours more, and add distilled vinegar or of the branches exudes the Resina strobili'na
    lemon juice q . s., to reduce it to a fine rose- of the Germans, or Hungarian balsam . It is
    colour. Used as a cosmetic . also obtained , by expression , from the cones.
    Punk GROUND, Silene Virginica - p. Indian , By distillation , the Hungarian balsam affords
    the Krumholz Oil, OleumTempli'num .
    Spigelia Marilandica .
    PĪNNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear-p. Marina, Pinus Picea , Silver Fir Tree, (F.) . Sapin
    see Bissus. commun, El'atë, Abies, A. Gallicu. By piercing
    PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURA- the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the Stras
    LIS , Uvula . burgh Turpentine is obtained :—the Resina Abi
    PINNULA , Aileron. etis (Ph . L. before 1809 ,) Oleum Abietis, Tere .
    PINUS ABIES, Abies rubra, Elate thelei'a ,binthina Argentoraten'sis.
    Picea , Norway Spruce Fir, Yero -leaved Fir. Nat. Pinus Pinea, Stone Pine, Pinea , Pinus, P.
    Ord. Coniferæ. ' Sez. Syst. Monacia Monadel- uber'rima. The nuts, Zirbelnuts, Pine nuts, (F.)
    phia. The tops are used in making Spruce Pin à pignons, are eaten raw ; or preserved
    Beer, (q. v . ) like almonds. They are, also, used in emul
    The EssenCE OF SPRUCE is a fluid extract, sions.
    prepared by decoction from the twigs of this Pinus Punilio. See Pinus Mughos—p. Uber
    species of fir. From this is made the Spruce rima, Pinus pinea.
    Beer, ( q. v .). Pinus Sylvestris, Pinas'ter, Peuce, Scotch
    This fir aftords the Burgundy pitch and com- Fir. This pine affords common turpentine and
    moon frankincense . its oil , resin , tar, and pitch.
    1. Bun'GUNDY Pitch, White pitch, Pit Bur. 1. COMMON TORPENTINE, Terebinthina vulga '.
    gun'dica , Pix alba, Resi'na abietis hu'mida, ris, T. commu'nis, Resina Pini, Bijon, Horse
    Resi'na alba humida, Pini abie'tis resina sponte Turpentine, is obtained by wounding the tree
    concreta, Pix arida, Pix abieti'na, (F.)Poir in hot weather. It is used , chiefly , as a dress
    blanche, Poix grasse, P. jaune, P. de Bourgogne. ing for wounds, &c . in horses, and for the dis.
    It is of a close consistence, rather soft, of a red- tillation of the oil, ( see Oleum Terebinthinæ .)
    dish brown colour, and not unpleasant smell. When the oil is distilled with water, yellow
    It is very adhesive to the skin ; and , conse- resin or Rosin - Resina flava — is left, which is
    PIONE 542 PISTACIA

    only used in the formation of ointments and Lada, Piper aromat'icum , Black Pepper , (F.)
    plasters : if without the addition of water,the Poivre noir. Black pepper is the unripe fruit ,
    residuum is common resin or Colophony , dried in the sun. Virtues, same as those of the
    ( q. v.) other peppers .
    2. When the cold begins to check the exuda- PIPER ALBUM , White Pepper is the black ,
    tion of the common turpentine, part of it con- freed from its cuticle.
    cretes in the wounds . This is called , in France, Piper ODORATUM JAMAICENSE , see Myrtus
    Gallipot, Barrus ; and White Rosin , Resina alba, pimenta - p. Tabascum , see Myrtus pimenta
    when hardened after long exposure to the air. p . Turcicum , Capsicum annuum .
    3. When the old trees are subjected to dis- PIPERI'NA , Piperine. A resinoid substance ,
    tillation, in a coarse manner, Tar is obtained , obtained from the piper nigrum , by M. (Erstädt,
    -Hygropissos, Pissa, Pix ce'dria , Resina pini in which the virtues of the pepper seem to re
    empyreumatica liquida, Terebinthina empyreu- side. It has been employed , like the quinine,
    malica, Alchitram , Alchitu'ra , Cedria, Pix liqui- in intermittents, and successfully.
    da , ( F.) Goudron , Brai liquide. PIPPSISEVA, Pyrola umbellata.
    Tar water, Aqua Picea , Infu'sum Picis liqui- PIQURE, Puncture, Wound , punctured .
    dum seu Picis empyreumatice liquidæ , Potio PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF .
    picea, (F.) Eau deGoudron , was , at one time, A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy , between
    a fashionable remedy in numerous complaints, Lake Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal
    and of late its use has been revived, since its ( 1000 Fahr.) sulphureous and carbonated , and
    virtues have been presumed to be owing to is chiefly used in old ulcers, leucorrhæa , chro
    Creasote. It is employed chiefly in pulmonary nic diarrhea, and in cutaneous affections.
    affections. ( Writers . Bishop Berkeley, Lond . PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA , Jamaicu Dog
    1744 , and Prior, Lond. 1746 ;) and the vapour wood. A small branching tree common in most
    has been recommended in phthisis and other of the West India Islands. Diadelphia Decan .
    diseases of the lungs . It is used , externally , dria of Linnæus. It is used in the West Indies
    as a detergent. to poison fish. It appears to be an acro-nar
    4. Common Pitch , Pir nigra, Black Pitch , cotic.
    Burnea , Burnin , Stone Pitch , Pir sicca, P. atra , PISCINA , Baignoire.
    1 P. nava'lis, Palimpis'sa, P. arida ( Ph . L. before PIS'IFORM , Pis'iformis, from pisum ,' a pea ,'
    1809 ,) ( F.) Poix navale, P. noire, is obtained by and forma, shape .'
    inspissating tar. It is used only as a resolvent, Os Pisitor'ME , Os lenticula'rē, Os orbicula'rē,
    in plasters. Os extra ordinem Carpi, ( F.) Os hors de rang ,
    PIONE, Pæonia. is the fourth bone of the first row of the carpus .
    PIOULQUES, (F.) A kind of sucking- pump , It is round , and gives attachment to the tendon
    invented by Louis, for extracting water that of the cubitalis anterior, and to the anterior
    had entered internalcavities, in cases of drown- transverse ligament of the carpus. It is articu
    ing. A useless instrument. lated , behind, with the os cuneiforme.
    PIPER AROMATICUM , P. nigrum-p . PISO , Mortar.
    Betel , Betel - p. Brazilianum , Capsicum an- PISSA . See Pinus sylvestris.
    nuum - p. Calecuticum , Capsicum annuum - p. PISSASPHAL'TUS, Pissasphal'tum , Mineral
    Caryophyllatum , see Myrtus pimenta - p . Cau. pitch, from nora, ' pitch ,'and aorpaatos, bitu
    datum , P. cubeba - p. Chiapæ, see Myrtus pi- men. (F.) Poiz minérale. A thicker kind of
    menta . Petroleum or Rock Oil ; formerly employed as a
    PIPER CUBE'BA , Com 'peper, Com'peba, Cubal vulnerary . It is synonymous with Glu'tinous
    sini, Piper cauda'tum , Cubeb Pepper, Tailed bitu 'men , Maltabitu'men, and Mineral tar.
    Pepper , Cuma'mus, ( F. ) Poiore-à -queue, Qua- PISSELÆUM , Oleum Picinum , from nuoga,
    bebe. A native of Java and Guinea . The odour pitch ,' and shator, oil.' An oily matter, ob
    of these berries is aromatic ; taste at first cool- tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same
    ing, afterwards pungent. The active principle purposes as tar.
    is an essential oil. The properties of the cubeb PISSELÆUM INDICUM , Petroleum .
    are stimulant and purgative. It is used only PISSEMENT DE SANG , Hæmaturia .
    in gonorrhea. Dose, from aj to zj , in powder, PISSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum .
    three or four times a day . PISSE'ROS , from mona , ' pitch . Ancient
    The Turkey yellow berries ,' — the dried fruit name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of roses,
    of the Rhamnus Catharticus, are often substi- and dried pitch . " It was, also, called Cera'tum
    Luted for the cubebs. pica'tum , and C. tetrapharmacum . - Hippocr.
    Piper GUINEENSE, Capsicum annuum - p. PISSI'TES , Vinum pica'tum . A wine, pre.
    Indicum , Capsicum annuum - p. Jamaicense, pared from tar and the must of the grape. It
    see Myrtus pimenta . was regarded to be stomachic .
    PIPER LONGUM, Macropiper, Acapatli, Catu- PISSOSIS , Malacia .
    trip'ali, Pim'pilim, Long Pepper, (F.) Poivre PISTACHIO NUTS. See Pistacia vera.
    long: As we receive the berries, they consist PISTA'CIA LENTIS'CUS, Terebin'thus len .
    of the unripe fruit, dried in the sun ; and are tiscus, Lentiscus rulga'ris ; the Mastich Tree.
    small , round grains, disposed spirally on a cy- Family, Terebinthacee . The wood of this tree
    lindrical receptacle. They are stimulant, car- abounds with the resinous principle of mastich ;
    minative and tonic , like the other peppers . and a tincture, made from it, has been used in
    Dose, gr. v to aj . cure . of dyspeptic affections, gout resin
    PIPER LUSITANICUM , Capsicum annuum - p . the
    dysentery It yields, by incision , the and
    Murale , Sedum . Mastichi , Resi'na Lentisci'na , Men'frige, Mas.
    PIPER Nigrum, Melanop iper, Molagoco'di, li'chê, Mastir, Pistacie Lentis'ci Resina. This
    PISTILLUS 543 PLACENTA

    resinhasan agreeablesmell,when heated: is posterior, which is smaller,is whitish and pulpy.


    almost insipid : in globular, irregular, yellowish, Its functions are unknown.
    semi-transparent masses : soluble in ether; 3. The PITUITARY MEMBRANE, Schneide'rian
    partially so in alcohol. It is stimulant, and has Membrane, Membrana pituitaria , M.olfactoʻria.
    been used in old coughs, and gleet, and is The mucous membrane, which lines the nasal
    chewed to sweeten the breath . It is some- fossæ , and extends to the different cavities com
    times, also, employed to stop the holes in cari- municating with the nose. In the nasal fosse ,
    ous teeth . the membrane appears formed of two layers,
    PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS, Turpentine Tree, intimately united':- the one, in contact with
    Hab -el-Kalimbat, Terebinthusvulga'ris, Termin'-the bones,is fibrous;-the other is free at one
    thos. The tree, which affords the Cyprus Tur- surface. The latter is a mucous membrane, on
    pentine, Chio Turpentine, True Venice Turpen- which papillæ are not easily distinguishable,
    tine, Resi'na Terebin'thi, Terebinthina vera, T. but which contains them , as well as a number
    Chia, T. Cypria. This substance is classed of very small mucous follicles, that open into
    amongst the resins. It is procured by wound the cavity of the nares. On penetrating the
    ing the bark of the trunk. The best Chio tur. maxillary , frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal
    pentine is of about the consistence of honey ; sinuses, the membrane becomes very thin ,
    very tenacious, clear, and almost transparent ; transparent, less vascular, and seems reduced
    of a white colour, inclining to yellow, and of a to its mucous layer.
    fragrant smell ; moderately warm to the taste, The pituitary membrane receives the impres
    but free from acrimony and bitterness. It re- sion of smells, by means of the expansions of
    sembles , in virtues, the other turpentines. the olfactory nerves upon it. It is the seat of
    Pistacia VERA . Name of the tree , which smell.
    affords the Nux Pistacia Pista'chio nuts have PITYRIASIS, from nitupov, ' bran ;' Lepi.
    a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that of do'sis Pityriasis, Dandriff :-a very superficial
    sweet almonds. Like these they afford an oil , affection ; characterized byirregular patches of
    and maybe formed into an emulsion . thin scales , which repeatedly exfoliate and re
    PISTILLUS, Pilum. cur ; but which never form crusts, or are ac
    PISTOLOCHIA , Aristolochia pistolochia. companied with excoriations. It is not conta
    PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS , Bislouri. gious. It occurs under three or four varieties
    PIT OF THE STOMACH , Fossette du cæur. of form ,
    PITAYA BARK. This bark is preferred in Pityriasis , Porrigo—p. Nigra, Chloasma
    Columbia to any other. It contains a new ve- p. Versicolor, Chloasma.
    getable alkali, to which the name Pitayine has PITYRON , Furfur.
    been given . PIVOINE , Pæonia.
    PITAYINE. See Pitaya bark . PIX ABIETINA , see Pinus abies - p . Alba,
    PITCH , Colophonia - p. Black, see Pinus see Pinus abies - p . Anda, see Pinus abies, and
    sylvestris - p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies — Pinus sylvestris - p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris
    p. Common, see Pinus sylvestris-p . Hem- -p. Brutia, Brutia - p. Burgundica, see Pinus
    lock, see Pinus Canadensis -- p: Jew's , Asphal. abies--p.Cedria, see Pinus sylvestris p.Græca,
    tum - p. Mineral , Pissasphaltum - p. Stone, Colophonia - p. Liquida, seePinus sylvestris
    see Pinus sylvestris -- p. "White, see Pinus p. Navalis , see Pinus sylvestris - p . Nigra, see
    abies. Pinus sylvestris - p. Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris.
    PITHYRINUS , Acerosus, Furfuraceous. PLACEBO , I will please .' An epithet
    PITTA'CIUM . A pitch plaster, from titta, given to any medicine,intended rather to satisfy
    pitch . ' the patient than to cure a disease.
    PITTOSIS , Malacia. PLACEN’TA , P. uteri seu uteri'na seu uteri
    PITTOʻTA Medicines in which pitch is the carnea. A Latin word , signifying a Cake.
    chief ingredient. Hepar uteri'num , Jecur uteri'num , Caro seu
    PITTSBURG , MINERAL WATERS OF. Affu'sio orbicula'ris. A soft, spongy, vascular
    A chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four body , formed at the surface of the chorion, ad
    miles 8. W. of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania . It herent to the uterus, and connected with the
    contains muriate of soda , muriate of magnesia , fætus by the umbilical cord. It is not in exist
    oxide of iron , sulphate of lime, and carbonic ence during the first period of the embryo state ,
    acid . but its formation commences, perhaps, with the
    PITUITA, Phlegm - p. Narium ,Nasal mucus. arrival of the embryo in the uterus. Its mode
    PITU'ITARY, Pituitaris, from pitui'ta , of attachment to the uterus is a topic of dis
    phlegm .' A name given to several parts. pute ; but it seems clear that the main circula
    1. Fossa PituitA'RIA. A depression on the tion through it is of the blood of the fætus.
    cerebral surface of the sphenoid bone, which The placenta is formed of several lobes or co
    lodges the pituitary gland. It is called, on ac- tyledons, which can be readily distinguished
    count of its shape --Sella Turcica , Ephip'pium . from each other on the uterine surface ; but,
    Chaussier calls it Fossa supra -sphenoida'lis, towards the fætal surface, are confounded into
    from its situation . one mass. It is composed of the umbilical ves
    2. The PITU'ITARY GLAND , Glan 'dula Pilui- sels , cellular tissue, and whitish, resisting fila
    to' sa vel pituita'ria , Glandula basila'ris, Lacu'- ments, which are vascular ramifications ob
    na vel Appendic'ula cerebri, Hypophysis seu literated. Lymphatic vessels have also been
    Appendix Cer'ebri, Pituitary body, Corpus pitui. presumed to exist in it ; and nerves have been
    tar? ; - Appendice sus-sphenoidale du cerveau, traced , proceeding from the great sympathetic
    (Ch.) A small, round body; the anterior portion of the fætus.
    of which is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the The function of the placenta appears to be
    PLADAROSIS 544 PLANTAR

    like that of the lungs in the adult. It admits nogynia . The leaves have been said to be re
    of the blood of the fætus being shown to that frigerant, attenuant, substy ptic , and diuretic .
    of the mother, and of undergoing the requisite Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo'dium ,Cornu
    changes. cervi'num , Stella terræ, Plantago, Buckshorn
    PLACENTA FEBRILIS, Ague cake-p. San- Plantain . ' Properties like the last.
    guinis , see Blood . Plantago Psyl'Lium , Psyllium , Pulica'ris
    PLADARO'SIS, Pladarotes, from nhadapos, herba , Crystallion , Cynomoi'a , Branching Plan
    soft.' A soft tumour on the eyelid , unaccom- tain , Fleawort, ( F.) Herbe aux puces commune.
    panied with redness or pain . The seeds have a nauseous,mucilaginous taste,
    PLAFOND DES VENTRICULES DU CER . and no remarkable smell . The decoction of the
    VEAU, Corpus callosum . seeds is recommended in hoarseness and rough
    PLAGA , Ictus , Wound . ness of the fauces .
    PLAGUE , Pestis, Pestilen'tia, Loimos, Fe- PLANTAIN , BRANCHING , Plantago psyl
    bris ade'no-nervosa , Læmos, Læmop yra ,Chaos. lium - p. Buckshorn , Plantago coronopus - p.
    da, Anthra'cia Pestis, Febris pes'tilens, Typhus Commun, Plantago - p. d'Eau, Alisma plantago
    pestis, Eranthe'ma pestis, from ninyr, Plaga, -p. Tree, Musa paradisiaca - p. Water, Alisma
    * a stroke ,' the Pest, (F. ) Peste, Typhus d'Ori- plantago.
    ent . An eminently contagious disease ; ende- PLĀNTAIRE, Plantar muscle - p. Grêle,
    mic in the Levant; frequently epidemic, and Plantar muscle .
    destroying at least two-thirds of those it at- PLANTAR , Planta'ris, from planta, ' the
    tacks. li is a typhus of the most aggravated sole of the foot. ' That which relates or belongs
    kind , with affection of the lymphatic glands of to the sole of the foot. This name has been
    the groin , or axilla, and carbuncles . Its con- given to several parts.
    tagious miasmata adhere to different organic The Plantar ÅPONEUROSIS. A thick, dense,
    textures , to woollen goods, clothing, and furni - resisting aponeurosis; of a triangular shape,
    ture ; and may thus be transported to a con- and superficially situate, which occupies the
    siderable distance . middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and
    The mean duration of the disease is six or furnishes insertions to several of the muscles
    seven days; some die in twenty - four hours, of the region , either directly or through the
    others not till ten or twelve days. Pathologi- medium of septa , which it sends between them .
    cal anatomy has afforded us no light with re- The PLANTAR ARTERIES . These are two in
    spect to it. number, and arise from the extremity of the
    Various means have been used for arresting posterior tibial artery. They are distinguished
    the disease , but none have seemed to be pre- into :
    eminently distinguished. The great point is , The internal plantar artery, situate above
    to watch the indications as they develope them- the abductor pollicis pedis . It extends from
    selves ; and to treat the case, in general , like the termination of the posterior tibial to the
    one of typhus gravior. It is universally agreed trunk of one of the collaterals of that toe.
    that the suppuration of the buboes should be The external plantar artery is larger than the
    aided as far as practicable , preceding , and ought to be considered as the
    For preventing the importation and spread termination of the posterior or tibial . Situate
    of the plague , the Quarantine Laws have been above the flexor communis digitorum pedis, it
    instituted , and when the disease has actually extends from beneath the calcaneum to the
    appeared , a cordon sanitaire has been drawn posterior extremity of the last metatarsal space.
    round the infected district , so as to prevent all When it has reached this part, it turns from
    communication . without inwards; advances towards the pos
    Plague , Cold . A severe form of congestive terior extremity of the first metatarsal bone,
    fever, seen occasionally in the Southern States. and anastomoses with the perforatingbranch of
    PLAGULA , Compress, Pledget, Splint. the dorsalis tarsi. In the first part of its course ,
    PLAIE , Wound-p . d'Arme a feu, Wound, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, muscular , and
    gunshot - p.d'Arquebusade, Wound, gunshot- adipous branches. The second portion of the
    p. Contuse, Wound, contused - p. Envenimée, artery is called the Plantar Arch or Cross. It
    Wound, poisoned p.par Arrachement, Wound, gives branches in all directions. The inferior
    lacerated . and posterior have received no name. The su
    PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma he- perior-three in number — are the posterior per
    paticum . forating arteries. The anterior branches are
    PLANCHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium . larger, and there are commonly four. They
    PLANE , Plexus. furnish the anterior perforating, and the col.
    PLANE'TES , niarntis, Errabun'dus, erratic. laterals of the four last toes.
    An epithet, given to some diseases, whose re. The PLANTAR VEINS follow a similar ar .
    turns are irregular - especially to intermittent rangement.
    fevers. PLANTAR LIGAMENTS. A name given to the
    PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes. inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of
    PLANITIES PEDIS , Sole . the tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them
    from the superior, called dorsal.
    PLANTA PEDIS , Sole-p . Prima pedis , PLANTAR NERVES. These are two in num
    Tarsus. ber, and are furnished by the termination of the
    PLANTA'GO, P. Major, Centiner'via, Arno- posterior tibial nerve. They are distinguished
    glos'sum , Septiner'via , Polyneu'ron , Planta'go into ;
    latifo'lia , P. major, ( F.) Plantain commun. Fa- The internal plantar nerve. It extends from
    Plantagineæ. Sez. Syst . Tetrandria Mo.the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both sides
    PLANTARIS 545 PLECTRUM

    of the three first toes, and the inner side of the - p. Mercurial, Emplastrum hydrargyri - p. of
    fourth. It furnishes, also, branches to the ab. Mercury , compound, Emplastrum hydrargyri
    ductor of the great toe ; to the short flexor of compositum - p. Nuremberg, Emplastrum No
    the toes ; to the accessory ; to the short flexor rimbergense - p. Opium , Emplastrum opis - p.
    of the great toe, the lumbricales, & c . Pitch , comp, Emplastrum picis compositum - p .
    The external plantar nerre proceeds from the Resin , Emplastrum resina - p. of Red oxide of
    termination of the posterior tibial to the posterior iron, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri-p. Soap,
    extremity of the 5th metatarsal bone, and gives Emplastrum saponis—p. of Spanish fies, coin.
    branches to the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, pound, Emplastrum lytte composituin - p.
    the accessory and the abductor of the little Sticking, Emplastrum resina - p. Strengthen.
    toe. This trunk subsequently divides into two ing, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri - p .Warm ,
    branches;-the one - profundu — is distributed Emplastrum calefaciens - p. Wax , Emplastrum
    to the short flexor of the great toe ; the interceræ .
    osseus and abductor pollicis pedis : the other- PLASTIC , Plus'ticus, from riaooon, ' I form .'
    superficialis - sends filaments to the short flexor That which forms; which serves to form .
    of the little toe , the two sides of that toe , the The Plastic Force is the generative power
    outer side of the 4th , and the last lumbricalis. in organized bodies. It is also called Nisus
    The PLANTAR Muscle, Planta'ris, P. gracilis, formati'ous, Vis plastica, Vis reproductiva, Force
    Tibia'lis gracilis, Exten'sor tarsi minor, Plan- ofNutrition ,F. ofassimilation, Plasticismus.
    taire , P. grêle, Jambier grêle, Petit fémoro -cal. PLASTICISMUS, Plastic force.
    canien , (Ch.) A muscle , situate at the posterior PLATA , Scapula.
    part of the leg. It is long, thin, and narrow . PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca.
    Above , it is attached to the posterior part of the PLATEA , Bothriocephalus latus.
    external condyle of the femur : below , it ter- PLATIAS'MUS, from natus, broad .' Ex
    minates by a long tendon , which is attached to cessive development of the lips, causing the ar
    the posterior and inner part of the calcaneum . ticulation to be in perfect.
    This muscle extends the leg on the foot, and PLATINA, MU'RIATE OF , Mu'rias Plati
    rice versâ. It can , also , assist in the flexion of na , Chlorure'tum Platinæ . This preparation,
    thelegon the thigh . made by dissolving platina in oxymuriatic acid,
    The Plantar Regions are different regions has been advised in the treatment of syphilis.
    of the sole of the foot. Three are generally Fron a quarter of a grain to a grain to be rubbed
    reckoned : -- the internal, middle , and external.
    upon the gums.
    PLANTARIS SUPERFICIES PEDIS, Sole PLATINÆ CHLORURETUM , Platina, mu
    -p . Verus, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis riate of.
    profundus perforans (accessorius .) PLATULA . See Pediculus.
    PLANTE DU PIED, Sole . PLATY BREGMATE. See Cranium.
    PLANTI-SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri. PLATYCORIA , Mydriasis.
    cales pedis - p. Tendino -phalangiens, Lumbri- PLATYOPHTHALMON , Antimonium .
    cales pedis. PLATYS'MA , from natus, .broad .' Any
    PLANUM , OS , from planus, ' soft, smooth .' thing broadly extended. A spread plaster.
    The papyraceousor orbital plate of the ethmoid Platys'ma Myoi'des, P.myo'des, Musculus
    bone was, formerly, so called. cula'neus, M. subcuta'neus,(Winslow ,) Quadra'
    PLANUM Pedis, Sole . tus genæ , vel latis'simus colli, Tetragonus,
    PLAQUEMINIER D'EUROPE , Diospyros Stomoman'icon, Thoraco -maxillo- facial, Thoraco
    lotus . facial, ( Ch.) ( F. ) Pcaucier. A muscle, situate
    PLASMA, Liquor Sanguinis. superficially on the lateral parts of the neck . It
    PLASTER , Emplastrum - p. Adhesive , Em - is Hat, broad,and quadrilateral. Its fibres ,which
    plastrum resinæ , Sparadrapum adhesivum - p. are all parallel to each other, pass obliquely
    Adhesive, of Pitch and resins, Emplastrum de downwards, and from without inwards. They
    pice et resinis glutinans - p. Ammoniacum, Em- arise from the cellular tissue, which covers the
    plastrum ammoniaci - p . Ammoniacum with anterior and superior part of the chest ; pass
    mercury , Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrar. before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them
    gyro - p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum- selves at the interior part of the symphysismenti,
    p. Asafætida, Emplastrum asafetidæ - p. of Blis- at the externaloblique line of the jaw,and at the
    tering fly, Emplastrum lytte - p. Calefacient, commissure of the lips. The fibres of this last
    Emplastrum calefaciens—p . of Cantharides, insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by
    compound, Emplastrum lyttæ compositum-p. some anatomists Musculus Risorius Santorini.
    Cephalic, Emplastrum picis comp.-p. Corn, The platysma myoides depresses the commis
    Sparadrapum viride - p: Corn, Kennedy's, sure of the lips , and carries it outwards. It
    Sparadrapum viride - p. Court, English , see contributes, also, to the depression of the lower
    Ichthyocolla, Sparadrapum adhesivum - p.jaw . When it contracts, it wrinkles the skin
    Cummin , Emplastrum Cumini- p. Defensive, of the neck transversely .
    Sparadrapum Galteri - p: Diachylon , Emplas- PLATYSTER'NOS , from natus, " broad ,'
    trum plumbi - p. Frankincense, Emplastrum and oregror, the sternum .' One who has a well
    thuris - p. Galbanum , Emplastrum galbani-p: developed chest. - D .Pechlin .
    Galbanum , compound, Emplastrum galbani PLECHAS , Perinæum .
    compositum - p. Gum ,Emplastrum gummosum PLECTANÆ , Cornua uteri.
    -p. of Gum resins, Emplastrum cum gummi PLECTAŃ Ē, Plica, Plegma, Plexus,
    resinis - p. Hemlock, Emplastrum cicutæ -- p. (q. v .) A fold, a plexus. Also , a cornu of the
    Issue, Sparadrapum pro fonticulis - p. Lead, uterus.
    Emplastrum plụinbi-p. Machine, Sparadrapier PLEC'TRUM . The styloid process of the
    69
    PLEDGET 546 PLEURITIS

    temporal bone . Also, the uvula and the tongue . Pleura is also usedfor Carity of the Pleura .
    -Castelli. PLEURALGIA , Pleurodyne .
    PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe,Plumaceolus, Lin- PLEURE, Pleura .
    tea'men ,Plag'ula, (F. ) Płumaceau, Phumasseau. PLEURÉSIE , Pleurisy.
    A small compress or gâteau of lint- (the fila- PLEURESIS , Pleuritis.
    ments arranged parallel to each other)-flat- PLEURIS , Pleuritis .
    tened between the hands after the extremities PLEURISY, Pleuritis - p . False , Pleurodynia
    have been cut off or folded down. It is applied -p . Rheumatic, Pleurodynia - p. Root, Ascle
    over wounds, ulcers, &c . , to preserve them pias tuberosa,
    from the contact of the air, to retain dressings PLEURI'T IS , from thevpa, ' the pleura ;'
    in sitû , or to absorb the discharges. Morbus latera'lis, Empres'ma Pleuritis, Pleuris,
    PLEGE , Blow , Ictus. Pleure'sis, Pleuropneumoni'tis , Pneumopleure'
    PLEGMA , Plectane, Plexus. sis, Pleuritica Febris, Cauma Pleuri'tis , Passio
    PLEIN , ( F. ) • Full.' The iniddle part of a pleuritica, Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Pleura,
    roller. (F.) Pleurésie, Fièvre pleurétique, may be acute
    PLENITUDE , Fulness. or chronic . Perhaps the most violent of all in
    PLENITUDO , Plethora . ternal inflammations is the active form ; known
    PLERO'SIS , fiom ninous , ' full ; ' also , Re- by acute, lancinating pain in one side of the
    ple'lio, Refec'lió, Repletion . Restoration of flesh chest,increased by inspiration, by coughing,
    afler sickness. and often by pressure ; dyspnea, ihe inspira
    PLEROTICUS , Incarnans . tions being short and frequent ; cough dry, or
    PLES'MONE, Plenitu'do, Sati'etas, Sati'ety, with little expectoration ; difficulty of lying on
    (q. v.) Intemperance, ( q. v.) Condition oppo- the affected side. Symptoms, attending the
    site to that of hunger. phlegmasiæ in general, strongly marked.
    PLESSIMETER , Pleximeter. Physicul. Signs. There is seldom any per
    PLETHO'RA , from now, “ I fill. Polya'- ceptible alteration in the exterior of the chest .
    mia, Polyhyperha'mia , Plenitu'do, Multitu'do, When effusion has taken place to a great ex.
    Redundan'tiu, Reple'tio, En'chyma, Completio, tent, the signs will be similar to those of chronic
    fulness, (q. v .) ( F. ) Abondance. The word ple- pleurisy. The motion of the affected side is
    thora, which ineans repletion ,expresses a super- diminished, and the vibrations of the voice can
    abundance of blood in the system , or in some not be detected by the hand .
    part of it :-hence the division of plethora into There is more or less dulness of sound on
    general and local; the latter being called , ac- percussion, the dulness diminishing or disap
    cording to its seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, pearing by change of position.
    & c . The principal symptoms of plethora exist On auscultation , the inspiration is feeble, E

    in the circulatory system ; veins,as redness of distant, or inaudible ; but change of position
    the surface , swelling of thesuch increase in modifies it.
    the fulness of the pulse, in the strength of the Egophony is usually present, when the ef.
    heart's pulsations, & c.,with spontaneous hemor- fusion is in moderate quantity , and is best heard
    rhages occasionally. With these are usually over a portion of the thoracic parietes , repre
    united general heaviness, torpor, lassitude, ver- sented by a band of three inches, running from
    tigo, tinnitus aurium , flushes of heat, &c . below the inferior margins of the scapula in the
    The tendency to plethora, or its actual ex- direction of the ribs to the sternum .
    istence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper Simple pleurisy rarely attacks both sides at
    diet , exercise , &c .; and , if the danger from it once : when such is the case , the presence of 1
    be pressing, by blood-letting. This is, however , tubercles may be suspected .
    a doubtful remedy for general plethora, as it in- Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated in
    creases hæmatosis. the pleura ; a mediastinal pleurisy , one situate
    PLETHOS, Satiety. in the anterior mediastinum ; and false pleurisy a
    PLEUMON , Pulmo. or rheumatismal pleurisy, that which occupied
    PLEUMONIA , Pneumonia . the intercostal muscles. This last has received
    PLEURA , nevoa, “ the side .' Membra'na the name Pleurodyn'iu ; that of pleurisy being d
    pleuril'ica seu costus succin'gensseu succin'gens, exclusively appropriatedto inflammation ofthe
    Membra'na seu Tu'nica costu'lis seu subcosta'lis, pleura. Pleurisy has, also, been distinguished
    Hypopleu'rios, ( F.) Plèvreou Pleure. The pleuræ into dry and humid ; according as it is accom 1
    are twothin,diaphanous, perspirable membranes, panied or not by expectoration. Humid or moist
    which line each side ofthe chest, and are reflected pleurisy is, now, properly regarded as a compli
    thence upon each lung . Like all serous mem- cation of pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It
    branes-to which class they belong - each repre- is the catar'rhalpleu'risy of some. The majority
    sents a sac without aperture. From the junction of the species of pleurisy,admitted by Sauvages,
    of the pleura of each side the inediastina are consist of complications.
    formed . The causes of pleurisy are like those of other ME
    That portion of the pleura which lines the internal inflammations. It may terminate by be
    parietes of the chest is called Pleura Costa'lis; resolution, effusion, or suppuration. LE
    the portion that covers the lungs , Pleura Pul. CHRONIC PLEURISY, which has been particu
    mona'lis. larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and Laën .
    The arteries of the pleuræ are from the inter- nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or
    costals, internal mammaries, phrenic, inferior purulent effusion , which sometimes simulates
    thyroid, &c. The veins correspond with the hydrothorax ; atothers,phthisis pulmonalis. It HE
    arieries. They are , also , supplied with lym- may form slowly, without evident symptoms;
    phatics, but nerves are not traceable in thcm . or it may succeed acute pleurisy. In the former
    PLEURITIS 547 PLEXUS

    case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with or pleura ,' and odurn, pain .' A spasmodic or
    small, dry cough , oppression at intervals, shiver- rheumatic affection, usually seated in the
    ing, irregular febrile symptoms, and hardness of muscles of the chest, and , ordinarily, in the
    pulse. intercostals. It is usually augmented by out
    Physical Signs. The affected side is smoother, ward pressure, inspiration, coughing, exertion,
    more rounded and motionless ; the intercostal moving the thorax , and sometimes, even the
    spaces are dilated and filled up , or may even corresponding arm . It is unaccompanied by
    protrude slightly . In very chronic cases, how . fever , cough, or dyspnea, except when under
    ever, the affecied side may be smaller. The the form of a stitch, when dyspnæa exists.
    triangular space above the clavicle and the de. It is , generally, by no means obstinate , and
    pression immediately above the sternum are yields promptly to worm applications and to
    often drawn downwards on the diseased side . cupping or leeches. If it still resist, a blister
    No vibration is experienced by the hand when will, almost always, remove it.
    the patient speaks . The parietes of the thorax PLEURODYNIA VENTOSA , Pleuritis ventosa.
    are sometimes ædematotis, and fluctuation may PLEUROPATHI'A , from adeupa , the pleura ,'
    be occasionally felt between the ribs . On per and nudos, ' disease . ' A disease of the pleura .
    cussion , the sound is dull, or if clear only so in PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Pleuroperi
    the upper portions of the chest.' On ausculta- pneumo'nia, Pleuropneumonia . Inflammation
    tion, thereis an absence of the usual sounds occupying the pleura and the lung thesame
    over the affected parts, excepting occasionally time. Pleurisy and peripneumony at
    existing si
    transmitted sounds. multaneously.
    There are no physical signs that can enable Physical Signs. A dull sound is yielded by
    us to know whether pus or serum is effused percussion for a variable extent over the more
    into the chest. The introduction of a grooved dependent portions of the affected side. The
    needie through the intercostal space, as recom-loss of sound is partially modified by change of
    mended by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course position .
    settle the question . The respiratory murmur on
    On disse ction e - le nt
    of thos who have died of pleu very feeb or abse infe riorly auscultation
    er is
    ; high up the
    risy , the pleura is found thickened, red, in- crepitation or bronchial respiration of pneu
    fluined, and covered with membranous exuda- monia may be detected : round the root of the
    tions or false membranes. Sometimes, it seems long and near the inferior angle of the scapula
    cartilaginous or ossified . Its cavity , frequently, egophony is generally present. There is seldom
    contains serons or sero -purulent etfusions. much enlargement of the affected side , or dis.
    The acute form of the disease requires the placement of the adjacent organs, as in the case
    most active treatment. General blood-letting, of simple chronic pleurisy .
    to such an exlent as to make a very decisive
    impression on the system , and repeated if neces . PLEUROPNEUMONIA , Pleuro -peripneu
    sary. This is the most important agent. After mony .
    PLEUROPNEUMONITIS , Pleuritis.
    the violence of the disease has been got over,
    counter-irritants will be found highly bene PLEURORRH EA CHYLOSA, Chylotho
    ficial; as well as when it has passed into the rax - p: Purulenta, Empyema – p. Sanguinea,
    Hæmatothorax .
    chronic state . The cough may be relieved by
    demulcents. PLEURORTHOPNE'A , from ałevoa , ' the
    Birious Pleurisy. Pleuritisbiliosa, is pleurisy side ,' opgoș, ' straight,' and nevem, ' I respire .'
    accompanied with bilious symptoms ;-the ef. Pain of the side , which does not.permit the
    fect of duodenitis or duodeno hepatitis. patient to breathe, except when in the vertical
    Sauvages has given the name Pleuri'tis cento'. position .
    sa, and Pringle that of Pleurod yn'ia vento'su , to PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurotonos, Tel'
    a pain behind the false ribs, attributed to the anus latera'lis, from rievoogev, laterally ,' and
    presence of air in the intestines. Toroç, “ tension .' Variety of tetanus, in which
    PLEURITIS SPURIA SIMULATA , Pleuro. the body is curved laterally , by the stronger
    contraction of the muscles of one side of the
    dynia.
    PLEUROCE’LE , from thevoce , “the pleura,' body.
    and xnin , ' a tumour.' Hernia of the pleura . PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos.
    This name, employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, PLÈVRE, Pleura .
    as the pleura never protrudes alone . It only PLEXIM'ETER , Plessim'eter, Plerim'etrum ,
    forms a hernia, when it serves as an envelope Plessim'elrum , from now , I strike,' and
    to the lung, to tumours, or to purulent collec-petpov, “measure ,' 'a measurer of percussion .'
    tions , which have protruded from the thoracic An ivory plate, of a circular or ovoid shape,
    parietes. from an inch and a half to two inches in di
    PLEURO COLLE'SIS , from levod , ' the ameter, and about one sixth of an inch in thick
    pleura,' and xoliaw , I glue. An adhesion ness. It has either a raised rim or edge, or
    between the pleura costalis and pleura pul- projecting handles on its upper side , to permit
    its being held between the finger and thumb of
    monalis.
    PLEURODYNIA , Pleuralgia, Pseudo-plen- the left hand,whilst it is struck with the right .
    ri'tis, Pseudo -pleurisy, Pleurod'yme, Autal'gia It is used in percussion of the chest. A piece
    dolorosa, A stitch, Pain in the side , Parapleuri'. of metal, a coin, or the finger of the left hand
    tis; False Pleurisy, Rheumat'ic or rheumatismal may be used with equal advantage. - See Per
    pleurisy, Pleuri'tis spu'ria simula'ta ,Pneumo'nia cussion , Mediate.
    exter'na ,Lagonop'onos, Thoracod' yne, ( F.) Point PLEXUS, Pleyma, Plectane , ( 9. v .) Plane,
    de côté, Douleur de côté ; from thevois, ' the side Rete , from plecto, I inter Tentwine,
    PLICA 548 PLUMBUM

    ( F. ) Lacis. A network of blood- vessels or of PLINTHIUM , Therfior. A machine, in


    nerves. vented by one Nileus , which was formerly em :
    The nervous plexuses belong, —some to the ployed in the reduction of fractures and luxa
    system of encephalic nerves - others to that of lions. Scultetus describes it in his Armamen
    the great sympathetic ; whilst some, as the tarium Chirurgicum .
    pharyngeal , seem to be formed of the two sets . PLIQUE , Plica.
    The plexuses represent complex networks, with PLOMB, Plumbum-p. Blanc, Plumbi sub.
    more or less loose meshes, formed by the nu. carbonas -- p. Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas - p.
    merous and diversified anastomoses of the ner- Oxide de, fondu , Plumbi oxydum semivitreum
    vous filaments ; and from which proceed other p . Oxide de , rouge, Plumbi oxydum rubrum - p.
    branches , that are distributed to organs or to l'Oride de, semivitreur, Plumbi oxydum senii.
    other plexuses. vitreum .
    Plexus CHOROIDES, see Choroid - p.Caliaque, PLOMBAGINE , Graphites .
    Cæliac plexus—p . Coronarius ventriculi, Gas- PLOMBIÈRES ,MINERAL WATERS OF.
    tric plexus - p. Gangliformis semilunaris,Cæliac P. is a town in the department of the Vosges ,
    plexus-p. Ganglioformes, Ganglions, nervous 17 leagues from Nancy , and 2 from Remire.
    -p: Glandiformes, Ganglions, nervous-p. mont. Here are several sources of Thermal
    Glandulosi Peyeri, Peyeri glandula - p. Heder- water. That, which is called Saponaceous
    aceus, Corpus pampinifornie - p. Hepaticus, ( Saronneuse ) is fornied of the subcarbonate ,
    Hepatic plexus - p .Infra -thyroideal, see Thyroi- sulphate, and muriate of soda, silica , carbonate
    deal veins - p. Lombo-abdominal, Lumbar plexus of lime, and much vegeto -animal matter. This
    -p. Median, Celiac plexus - p.Mesenterii pro- last component,when held in solution by means
    prius et maximus,Cæliac plexus- p. Opistogas- of the subcarbonate of soda, gives to the water
    trique, Cæliac plexus - p. Rectiformis, Corpus an unctuous appearance . This is the origin of
    cavernosum vagina - p . Solar, Cæliac plexus, its name.
    p . Sous-mesentérique, Hypogastric plexus - p. The waters of Plombières are employed as
    Testiculaire , Spermatic plexus- p. Trachélo- solvents in engorgements of the abdominal
    suuscutané, Cervical plexus. viscera , and as alteratives in chronic diseases
    PLICA, Tricho'sis plica, Tricho'ma, Flica Po of the skin .
    lon'ica , Matted hair, Plaited hair, Lues Sarmať . PLUGGING, ( Sw .,) Plugg. (F.) Tamponne
    icn , Helo tis,Cir'ragra, Cir'rhagra, Morbus Cir- ment. The act of stopping a hole. The intro
    To'rum , Tricha Incuborum , Plica capul meduse , duction of plugs of lini or rag into a wound or
    Plica longicau'da latera'lis, Coma cæsarea ,Kolto , natural cavity -- as the uterus or vagina-to ar
    Rhopalo'sis, Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra , ( F.) Plique rest hemorrhage; or of some substance into a
    A disease, endemic in Poland, Lithuania, and carious tooth to prevent toothache.
    other parts of Northern Europe ; so called on PLUM , l’runum , Prunus domestica-p. As
    arcount of its being characterized by inter- syrian , Sebestina.
    lacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting of PLUMAC EAU , Pledget.
    the hair. By some, it has been regarded as a PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget .
    disease ; by others, as the result of a want of PLCMASSEAU , Pledget.
    attention to cleanliness. However this may be, PLUMBAGO , Graphites, Persicaria.
    it generally appears upon the hair of the head, PLUMBA'GO EUROPÆA , Denta'ria , Crepanella,
    but, sometimes, in that of other parts, as the Squama'ria, Dentela'ria . ( F. ) Dentelaire. Fa
    beard, the hair on the axilla , pubes, & c . Alibert mily, Plumbagineæ , Ser . Syst. Pentandria Mo
    admits three species of plica. i . The Plica nogynia . The root was formerly much es
    multiform'is or Plica caput Medu'sæ , in which teemed as a cure for the toothache; like the
    the hairs are mixed and agglutinated in greater Pellitory of Spain, which is also called Denta
    or less masses ; and this has been again subdi- ria.
    vided into two varieties, according as the meshes PLUMBI ACETAS, Pl . superacetas - p . Ace
    are almost straight (P. C. M. lacinia'ta, (F.) tas dilutum alcoholicum , Liquor plumbi sub
    Plique en lanières) or much twisted ( P. C. M. acetatis dilutus-p . Acidulus siccus, Plumbi
    laciniatu (F.) P. en drilles.) 2. Plica longicau'- superacetas - p. Carbonas, Pl . subcarbonas - p.
    da ( F.) Plique solitaire ou à queue; when the Deutoxydum rubrum , Pl. oxydum rubrum - p.
    hair is united into a single long mass, and 3. Iodidum , see lodine --- p. loduretum, see Iodine
    Plica cespito'sa, (F.). Plique en musse, in which –p. Oxydum album , Plumbi subcarbonas-p.
    the hairs are matted into one large, shapeless Oxydum carbonatum per acidum acetosum,
    mass. Pinel places this disease amongst the Plumbi subcarbonas - p. Oxydum fusum , Pl.
    Cutaneous phlegmasiæ ; but it is far from being oxydum semivitreum .
    demonstrated , that it is the result of inflamma- Plumbi Dx'YDUM SEMIVIT'REUM , Lithar'gy
    tion of the skin . Certain it is , however, that rus, Lithargyrum , Lithargyrium , Oxydum plum
    the tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an bi fusum , Spuma argenti, Semi- vitrified oryd of
    affection of the dermoid system , sui generis. lead or litharge, Calciteo'sa, Cath'mia ,(F. ) 01.
    The idea that it is entirely owing to want of ide de plomb fondu, Oride de plombsemi-vitreux,
    cleanliness, as has been conceived by some, is ( a yellow protoxyd of lead, prepared by heat
    not tenable . and combined with carbonic acid . ) It occurs
    PLICA, Plectane- . Caput medusæ , Plica- in scales of a whitish red colour and semi-vitri
    p . Longicauda lateralis, Plica- p . Semilunaris, fied . It is employed for pharmaceutica) pur.
    Valvula semilunaris. poses, as in the Liquor plumbi acelatis, Emplas
    PLICATIO , Plica. irum plumbi, & c . Formerly , the Litharge of
    PLICATURA, Plica . gold (Chrysitis,) and Litharge of silver, Alma.
    PLICHOS, Perinæum . riub, were distinguished in commerce. These
    PLUMBICUM 519 PNEUMOGASTRIC

    were merely ordinary litharge, resembling gold duplicatures of the dura mater, such as the
    or silver in colour. Fale cerebri .
    PLUMBI OXYDUM RUBRUM, Min'ium, Deut- PNEUMATHORAX , Pneumothorax .
    or'ydum plumbi rubrum , Superor'ydum plumbo'- PNEUMATYIC PHYSICIANS. Name given
    sum , Plumbum ozyda'tum rubrum , Red lead. to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom
    ( F. ). de plomb rouge. It is, sometimes, was Atheneus, who made health and disease
    used to kill vermin . to consist in the different proportions of an ele .
    PLUMBI SUBCA R'BONAS, Car'bonas plumbi, ment, which they called 'Pneuma, a veupu - to
    Oxydum plumbi carbona'tum per ac''idum aceto'- those of the other elementary principles . This 1
    sum , Cerus'sa alba Nor'ica seu Hollun'dica, itrevua was a fancied spiritual principle, which
    Orydum plumbi album, Cerussu Psimmythion, the Stoics regarded as an element, different
    Psimmython, Simitium , Flake white, Blanca, from water, air, earth and fire ; -- the sole ele
    Gersa , If*fides, subcar'bonate of lead, Cerusse, mentary principles previously admitted .
    White lead, ( F.) Blanc de plomb, Plomb blanc , PNEUMATICA, from a revua , air. ' Ap
    (prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead tu pertaining to the breathing. Diseases of the
    the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.) respiratory function ;—the second class in
    It is inodorous ; has a sweet taste ; is brittle ; Good's system of nosology.
    friable ; snow white , and of a minute, scaly PNEUMATOCELE , Physocele.
    texture . It is astringent and sedative , and is PNEUMATO'DES , from TVEUNA , wind ,'
    sprinkled on parts affected with local inflam . and ados, resemblance.' One, distended with
    mation, or to prevent chafing in children . It air, or who breathes with difficulty, owing to
    is , also, used in the formation of ointments and an accumulation of flatus in the digestive
    plasters. tube ; or , according to others, owing to em
    PLUMBI SUPERACE'TAS , Cerus'sa aceta'ta , physema.
    PNEUMATOM'PHALUS , from
    Plumbi acid 'ulus siccus, Plumbi ace'tas, Sal vel πνευμα ,
    sac charum satur'ni,Superad'etate of lead, Dul- ' flatus ,' and ougaios, ' the umbilicus.' Um
    ce'do satur'ni, Acetas plum'bicum crystallisa'tum , bilical intestinal hernia , containing a conside
    Salplumbi, Sugar of lead,Protoad'etate oflead, rable quantity of Alatus.
    (F.) Sel ou sucre de Saturne. (Plumb . carb . Ibj. PNEUMATOʻSIS, from rive uma , ' air,' flatus.
    Acid acetic. cong. 14. Boil the lead with the ( F ) Maladies venteuses. Flatulent distention
    acid till it is saturated ; then strain through of the stomach . Sauvages uses the word
    paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that crystals synonymously with emphysema. Frank com
    may be formed . Wash the crystals and dry prises under it all flatulent diseases .
    on blotting paper. Ph . L.) The acetate of PNEUMATOSIS, Emphysema -- p. Abdominis,
    lead has a sweet, styptic taste; a very white Tympanites.
    colour and silky lustre. It is astringent; and , PNEUMOGAS'TRIC , Pneumogastricus ;
    in weak solutions, cooling and sedative ; in from it l'evuwr, the lung ,' and yaoing, the
    strong, stimulant. It is given, internally , in stomach .' Chaussier gives this name to the
    visceral and other hemorrhages, combined with Eighth pair of nerves, Par vagum , Pars daga ,
    opium , and is used, externally , in solution , in Nerous vagus,Middle-sympathetic ; because it
    inflammation, burns, bruises, gonorrhæa , &c . is distributed especially to the organscontained
    Dose, gr . ss to iss . in the chest and abdomen. This nerve arises
    PLUMBI TannaS , See Tannin. from behind the eminentiæ olivariæ and near
    PLUMBICUM ACETAS CRYSTALLISA- the corpora restiformia by one or two rows of +
    TUM , Plumbi superacetas . filaments, regularly arranged. These filaments
    PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM ,Plumbi unite to form a flat cord ,which issues from the
    oxydum rubrum . cranium by the foramen lacerum posterius, be
    PLUMBUM , Molybdos, Saturn'us, Capricor'. hind the glosso -pharyngeal nerve. At its exit
    nus. (F.) Plomb. Lead. A solid metal, of a from the cranium ,the pneumogastric nerve has
    bluish white colour ; more malleable than duc. the appearance of a very compact plexus. It
    tile ; soft enough to be scratched by the nail; then descends along the neck, deeply seated on
    very fusible and oxydizable , when heated in the outside of the carotid artery and the internal
    the air ; and existing, in nature , under a num- jugular vein . When it has attained the lower
    ber of different shapes; the principal of which part of the neck it enters the chest, gliding be
    are those of sulphuret and oxyd . s. p . 11.352. hind the subclavian vein , and passing on the
    Its use is to form oxyds and salts. In its me right side, in front of the subclavian artery, and,
    tallic state, it has no action upon the body ; on the left, before the arch of the aorta. It
    but, when oxydized or united with an it proceeds, at first, backwards, increasing in size .
    acts, in large doses , as a powerfully astringent Afterwards, it passes from behind the bronchi
    poison. to the esophagus, which it accompanies through
    PLUMBUM ALBUM , Tin - p. Candidum , Tin ,the diaphragm, and terminates on the stomach.
    --p. Cinereum , Bismuth , subnitrate of,-p .. In the neck, the pneumogastric nerve anas
    Oxydatum rubrum , Plumbi oxydum rubrum . tomoses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal,
    PLUNKETT'S 'OINTMENT. This em- greathypoglossal,and great sympathetic nerves;
    pirical cancer remedy consists of Arseniousacid, and furnishes, I. a pharyngeal branch, 2. a su
    Sulphur, and the powdered flowers of the Ra- perior laryngeal, 3. cardiac branches. In the
    nunculus flammula, and Cotula fætida ;-levi- chest, it gives off, 1. The inferior laryngeal or
    gated and made into a paste with the white of recurrent,2. The pulmonary plexus, and 3. The
    egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's bladder, to esophageal branches.
    the surface of the cancer . On entering the abdomen , the æsophageal
    PLUTEA Avicenna gives this name to branc which terminate the pneumnogastric,
    PNEUMOGRAPIIY 530 PNEUMOTHORAX

    are distributed upon the stomach ; and give sary . General bleeding forms the sheet anchor,
    numerous filaments to that viscus, to the hepa -employed so as to make a decided impression
    tic , caliac, gastro- epiploic , and solar plexuses. on the system , and repeated , if necessary; local
    Some go, also, to thepancreas, liver, gall-blad . blood-letting;
    der, duodenum , & c .
    nauseating doses of antimonials ;
    purgatives ; and , when the violence of the in
    PNEUMOG’RAPHY, Pneumogra'phia; from flammation has been got under,-- counter-irri
    TUETON',' the lung,' and youn,a description.' tants, & c. Chronic pneumonia sometimes suc
    The part of anatomy that describes the lungs. ceeds the acute , and, at others, occurs acciden
    PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolo' giu ; from revɛv- tally. It must be managed on general prin .
    por, ' the lung ,' and 2070s , ' a' discourse .' An ciples . Small bleedings, especially locally ;
    anatomical treatise of the lungs . Anatomical and counter- irritants of all kinds are indicated .
    doctrine of the lungs. PNEUMONIA , Bilious. Inflammation of the
    PNEUMON , Pulmo. lungs, accompanied by gastric fever.
    PNEUMO'NIA , Empres'ma Pneumoni'lis, PNEUMONICA . Diseases affecting the
    Plcumonia , Peripneumonia , Pneumonia perip- lungs, their membranes or motive power; cha
    neumonia , Pneumonitis, Pulmonin, Pulmona'ria , racterized by irregular, impeded, or painful
    Inflamma'tio pneumon'ica , I. pectoris acu'ta, In . respiration .
    flammation of the lungs, ( F. ) Fièvre péripneu- The second order of the class Pneumatica of
    monique. The chief symptoms of pneumonia Good .
    PNEUMONIC'
    some .
    are : -pyrexia , accompanied by pain , ULA , from TVEULIWY, " the
    times obtuse, at others pungent,-in some part lung.' Diminutive of pneumonia . A slight
    of the thorax ; pulse more or less quick and inflammation of the lung.
    hard, according to the violence and extent of PNEUMONICUS , Pulmonic .
    the local disorder ; pain aggravated by the PNEUMONIE DES AGONISANTS, Pneu
    cough , which with dyspnea exists throughout monie hypostatique. The hyperæmic engorge
    the disease. At first, the expectoration is diffi- , ment, which often takes place in the lungs
    cult and painful; but in the course of a few during the last moments of life, has been so
    days it becomes free, and the oppression of termed . - Laënnec, Piorry . It would seem to
    breathing is mitigated . be hyperæmia rather than inflamination .
    When the inflammation , instead of going off PNEUMONITIS , Pneumonia .
    by resolution, passes on to suppuration , rigors PNEUMONOʻSES, from areup wr,'the lung. '
    are experienced ; the respiration becomes more Diseases of thelungs .
    oppressed but less painful, and a sense ofweight PNEUMO -PERICAR'DIUM , from weupa ,
    is felt in one of the pleuræ . air,' and 114pixmodior, “ pericardium.' Laënnec
    Pneumonia may , also , terminate by gangrene designates , under this name , the effusion of air
    ( but this rarely happens ;) by induration and into the cavity of the pericardium .
    by hepatization. PNEUMO’’LEURESIS , Pleuritis.
    Physical Signs. First stage . Diminution of PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
    the sound is generally observed over the affected PNEUMORRHAGIA , Hæmoptysis -- p. In
    part on percussion ; auscultation exhibits an terna, Hæmatothorax.
    equal, dry, crepitating râle, which is best heard PNEUMOʻSIS, from a reuplov, ' the lung. '
    at the close of a deep inspiration, and on cough . A term , under which Alibert comprises every
    ing. The respiratory murmur is intermingled affection of the lungs .
    with the crepitant râle, or it may beabsent. In PNEUMOTHORAX , Pneumathoraz, Em
    the neighbourhood of the affected parts it is physe'ma pectoris, Asthma ae'rium , A. emphyse
    natural or puerile. The voice and cough are malicum , Dyspnea pneumatica , D.physothorac".
    rather more resonant than usual. ica , Physothorax, from neumoir', ' the lung,' and
    2. When Hepatization has occurred , the mo- gogas, the thorax.' An accumulation of air
    tion of the affected side is impeded, and imme. in the cavity of the pleura . A complaint gene
    diately above the sternum and in the corres. rally sudden in its invasion and fatal in its cha
    ponding triangular space on either side, there racier . In many instances , along with the air
    is often an evident depression. Percussion is a liquid is effused. The disease may be spon
    dull over the affected part in every position of taneous and simple, but in a large proportion
    the patient. On auscultation , the crepitation of cases it is complicated with pleurisy and pul
    is found to be replaced by bronchial respiration monary tubercles. The signs vary according
    The respiratory murmur is louder in the other as there is.or is not, a communication between
    portions of the long, the voice and cough are the pleura and the bronchia. The affected side
    more resonant, and the heart's action is more gives a hollow tyinpanitic sound, even where
    distinct. the thickness of the parietes of the thorax is
    3. When Suppuration supervenes, the same great.
    signs persist ; but usually the voice and cough When the effusion is considerable , the affected
    are less resonant, and a coarse mucous râle is side is dilated , but there is no râle of any kind .
    heard. When gangrenous or suppurative cavi . When a gaseous and a liquid efïusion are pre
    ties are formed , they present the ordinary signs. sent at the same time, the sound on percussion
    The prognosis , in pneumonia, must be is found to be clear at the superior part of the
    guarded. It is not a disease , which we can thorax, but dull inferiorly ; hence, by varying
    always subdue. the position of the patient , and by consequence
    Great extent of inflammation ; very consider thatof the contained fluids, the seatsof the clear
    able oppression ; orthopnaa, and difficult expec. and the dull sound can be varied.
    toration are unfavourable symptoms. When the gaseous eílusion is owing to a fis
    The most active treatment is of course neces tulous communication between the pleura and
    PNEUMOTOMY 551 POISON

    bronchia , the metallic respiration and resonance POIGNÉE , Manipulus .


    are beard ; and if there be both gaseous and POIGNET , Carpus.
    liquid effusion with a fistulous communication, POIL , Hair.
    in addition to these signs there is the Tintement POILETTE , Cup.
    métallique. POINT , BLISTERING . A name given , by
    The presence of liquid can always be ascer- Rush , to a particular period in the course of a
    tained by succussion . See Emphysema of the continued fever, intermediate between its stage
    Lungs. of high excitement and collapse, in which blis
    PNEUMOTOMY , Pneumoto'mia ,from nvar- ters will usually produce unequivocally good
    now , the lung, ' and teje vw , ' I cut. ' ' Dissection effects.
    of the lungs. POINT DE COTÉ , Pleurodynia .
    PNEUSIS , Respiration-p. Tussis, Tussis . POINTS LACRYMAU X , Lachrymalia
    PNIGALION , Incubus. puncta .
    PNIGMOS, Orthopn @ a, Strangulation . POIRE . See Pyrus communis.
    PNIGOPHOBIA , Suffocation . POIREAU , Allium porrum .
    PNIX , Orthopnæa, Strangulation. POIRIER, Pyrus communis.
    PNOE , Aura POIS À CAUTÈRE, see Fonticulus - p.
    POCHE DES EAUX . See Parturition . Chiche, Cicer arietinum - p. à Gratter, Dolichos
    POCK , KINE , Vaccina . pruriens --p. Patate, Dolichos tuberosus.
    POCULUM AMATORIUM , Philter - p . POISON, Toz'icum , Vene'num , Virus, Delete'
    Emeticum , Goblet, emetic . rium . A generic name for all substances , which,
    PODAGRA, Podorrheu'ma, from novs, ' the when introduced into the animaleconomy, either
    foot,' and ayna, ' seizure . Pain which attacks by cutaneous absorption , respiration, or the di .
    the feet. Gout, (q. v .) situate in the articula- gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the
    tions of the foot . It has, also, been used , in vital properties or the texture of an organ.--
    a more extensive signification, synonyinously Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature,
    with gout. but those which proceed from animals are often
    Podagra ABERRANS, gout (wandering )-p. called renoms, as the venom of the viper, scor
    Arthritis, Gout- p. Retrograda, Gout, (retro- pion, tarantula, & c., whilst those, that are the
    grade.) products of disease have the name virus. In $
    POĎALGIA , Gout . common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted
    PODALYRIA TINCTORIA , Sophora tinc . to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral
    toria . and vegetable kingdoms. Orfila has divided
    PODARTHROC'ACE, from nous, the foot,' poisons into four classes.
    ag9oov, an articulation ,' and naros , ' bad. ' Ca- 1. AcriD , IR'ritating , Corro'sive , or Es .
    ries of the articulation of the foot. CHAROT'Ic, such as the concentrated acids and
    PODENCEPH'ALUS, from novs,' the foot,' alkalies; mercurial, arsenical, cupreous, and
    and requin , ' the head .' A monster whose brain antimonial compounds, cantharides, &c.
    is placed outside the skull, and seems to be sup. 2. Narcot'ıc ; —those that act particularly
    ported on a pedicle , whicli traverses the summit upon the brain; as opium , hyoscyamus, & c.,
    of the skull. - G . St. Hilaire . but without inflaming the organ with which
    PODEX , Anus . they come in contact .
    PODOLOGY, Podolo'gia, from nous, ' the 3. Narcotico - ACRID or ACRONARCOTIC ;
    foot , and hoyos, ' a discourse ;' a description of those thatacton the brain , but, at the same time,
    the foot ; a treatise on the foot. inflame the parts to which they are applied; as
    PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM , Podo- aconite, belladonna, &c.
    phyllum , May apple , Mandrake. Family, Podo. 4. Septic or PutRES'CENT ;—those furnished
    phylleæ . Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia . Aby the animal kingdoin . See Venom and Virus.
    common plant throughout North America. The Various classifications , of a similar character,
    fruit is eatableandesteemedbymany. The leaves have been recommended by different Toxico
    are said to be poisonous. The root is purgative , logists ; but they are liable to the objection ,
    in the dose of 20 grains. It has, also , been used that they throw substances together, whose
    as an anthelmintie. physiological action on the system is very dif
    PODORRHEUMA , Podagra. terent . It is, indeed , difficult to avoid un
    PODOTHE'CA , from πους,, “ a foot,' and natural compression of matters into places not
    yam , " a receptacle, " a sheath . The cuticle of properly belonging to them , in all such ar
    the foot, an anatomical preparation. Chirothe'- rangements.
    ca , has been used for the cuticle of the hand . The following Table, which exhibits a coup
    POÉLETTE , Cup. d'ail of the chief poisons, with every circum :
    POGON , Beard. stance of importance connected with them , is
    POGONI'ASIS , Pogonia, from nuyor, the not free from these objections: - The division of
    beard .' A female beard. Also,great strength or Mineral Poisons has been revised — rewritten ,
    quantity of beard . indeed - by the Author's friend , Professor W.
    POHON ANTIAR , Upas. R. Fisher, late of the University of Mary
    POIDS ET MÉSURES, Weights and mea- land, now of the College of Pharmacy of Phi
    sures . ladelphia .
    PUISONS 552 POISONS .

    TABLE EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODES OF DETECTING THE VARIOUS
    POISONS, MINERAL VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL.
    N. B. In all cases the Stomach - Pump should be used as soon as possible.
    1. INORGANIC POISONS .
    Poisong . SYMPTOMS. TREATMENT. Tests .

    ACIDS . The acids , generally , are The carbonates of soda , Sulphuric acid is known hy a
    Acetic Acid.
    strong corrosive poisons. potassa, line and magne- white precipitate with any salt of
    Sour, acrid taste, burning sia , are all antidotes to the baryta , insoluble in nitric acid .
    in the throat, which is in- acids; calcined magnesia Muriatic acid is known by a white
    Citric Acid. creased by pressure , swal- also. They are to be used precipitate with nitrate of silver,
    lowing or coughing ; eruc . with the following restric- insoluble in nitric acid , which
    Muriatic Acid, tation , and excruciating tions; for the acetic ,citric, turns black by the action oflight.
    pain in the stomach ; more niuriatic, sulphuric, and Nitric acid gives rise to orange
    Nitric Acid . or less corrugation of the tartaric acids, they may be coloured fumes, when copper is
    lining membranes of the used indiscriminately. For placed in it, and an ability to dis
    Sulphuric Acid.mouth and priinæ viæ ; ex- the nitric and oxalic , car- solve gold when mixed with muria
    coriation about the mouth bonates of magnesia and lic acid .
    Tartaric Acid .or such other parts of the lime can alone be employed Acetic acid exhales the odour of
    skin as the acid may bave with safety . In the case of vinegar.
    Oralic Acid . touched . The matter vo- sulphuric acid ,watershould Citric acid blackens when heated .
    mited effervesces with car not be drunk on account of Tartaric acid precipitates crystals ,
    bonate of lime. The coun- the great heat, which is with a solution of potassa ; and a
    tenance becomes glazed ,ex- produced by their mixture. white precipitate is thrown down
    tremities cold and clammy ; Subsequent inflammation to by lime-water.
    convulsions and death . Ni be treated by ordinary Oxalic acid gives a white precipi
    tric acid occasions yellow means . tate with lime water, which , when
    stains , and sulphuric acid , The carbonates of the al . heated , is converted into carbonate
    black . kalies and of magnesia and of lime .
    lime have the inconveni.
    ence , that a large quantity
    of gas is extricated in the
    stomach .
    Prussic Acid . Is a sedative poison ; nau Ammonia is an antidote : Prussic acid exhales the odour of
    sea, giddiness , debility,hur- but it should not be em- peach kernels ; forms a white pre .
    Oil Almonds.
    of Bitter ried pulse, weight and pain ployed in a very concen- cipitate with nitrate of silver ; neu
    in the head ; eructations trated forin . Liquid chlo. tralized with an alkali, gives a
    having the flavour of the rine has also been found blue precipitate with the per-salts
    Laurel Water . acid ; spasms, tetanus , con efficacious. The cold douche of iron .
    tractile pupil; convulsions, to the head has been re
    death . commended .

    ALKALIES Violent caustic , acrid The vegetable acids , such The alkalies are known by their
    and their taste ; great heat in the as vinegar, lemon juice , action on turmeric paper ; restoring
    SALTS . throat, with destruction of citric and tartaric acid in the colour of litmus, which has
    its lining membrane ; diffi- solution are antidotes to the been reddened by an acid .
    AMMONIA , cult and painful degluti- alkalies and their carbo
    Strong Liquor , tion ; vomiting of bloody bonates. The fixed oils , Carbonates are known by their
    or Water of matter, which turns the such as castor, linseed, al- effervescence with an acid ; some of
    yellow of turmeric brown ; mond and olive,form soaps them affect the turmeric paper. Sal
    Muriate of An- acute pain in the stomach ; with the free alkalies , and ammoniac gives out the pungent
    monia or Sal cold sweats, weakness, hic . therefore destroy their caus- odour of ammonia , when mixed
    Ammoniac. cough ; violent colic pains , tic effects. with quicklime.
    with purging of bloody
    POTASSA . stools and membranous
    flakes ; death .
    Caustic Polash,
    and Liquor Po
    tasso .

    Carbonate of, or The nityate of potassa Poisoning by nitrate of Nitrate of potassa decrepitates
    Pearl Ash, and will not manifest the effect potassa to be treated on ge . and deflagrates when thrown on
    Salt of Tartar. with turmeric paper. The neral antiphlogistic princi hot coals.
    carbonates when vomited, ples, mucilaginous drinks. Liver of sulphur emits the odour
    Mitrate of Po- will effervesce,with acids; Liver of sulphur, is said of sulphuretted hydrogen when dis
    tassa, or Salt- and the liver of sulphur to be decomposed and neu- solved, or when treated with an
    petre. will give rise to eructations tralized by common salt. acid .
    of sulphuretted hydrogen . The liquid chloride of soda
    Sulphuret of, or will also decompose it.
    Liver of Sul
    phur .
    SODA .

    EARTHS
    and COM
    Analogous with those of The sulphates of soda Baryta and its salts invariably
    Vio and magnesia are prompt give a white precipitate insoluble
    the corrosive metals .
    POUNDS. lent burning in the sto- and effective antidotes to in acid , with a soluble sulphate .
    mach , vomiting, di- all the poisonous salts of
    BARYTA . arrhea : excessivegripes,
    muscu - baryla . ' Phosphate of soda Lime, when dissolved , gives a
    lar debility , beadache , con will also counteract their white precipitate with oxalic acid.
    Carbonate of vulsions, death . Lime dif- effects. Limemay be neu- Also with carbonic acid , or a solu
    Baryta. fers from baryta in being a tralized by dilute acids. ble carbonate . The same of baryta .
    pure irritant. Carbonic acid , in soda wa
    POISONS 553 POISONS

    Poisons . SYMPTOMS . TREATMENT. Tests.

    Muriate of Ba . ter , effervescing draught or


    ryta . yeast, it is supposed would
    answer a good purpose . The
    Nitrate of Ba fixed oils inay be employed
    ryta . either for baryta or lime,
    when not in a compound
    LIME. state .

    ALCOHOL . Intoxication , and when A powerful emetic of


    taken very freely , complete white vitriol , or tartar eme .
    Brandy, Wines, insensibility , with apo- tic , should be got into the
    and all Spiri- plexy or paralysis of one stomach as soon as possi.
    luous Liquors. side ; the countenance swol- ble ; and if the person has
    len and of a dark - red co- lost the power of swallow
    lour ; the breathing ditfi ing, a flexible catheter or
    cult, and often stertorous, tube should be the means of
    with a peculiar puffing out conveying it thither . The
    ofthe lips; the breath smells vomiting should be encou .
    of liquor, which will dis- raged as much as possible
    tinguish the symptoms from with warm water, and large
    those of spontaneous apo . and active glysters of salt
    plexy . and water should be thrown
    up . The patient should be
    placed erect, and if the
    countenance and other ap :
    pearances are not improved
    after these means have been
    used , the jugular vein may
    be opened, and cold wet
    cloths applied to the head ,
    particularly if the body is
    hotter than natural. If the
    extremities become cold ,
    warmth and friction should
    be perseveringly used .

    EMPYREU- General action that of Creasote is immediately No better mode of recognising


    MATIC OILS. irritant poisons. Burning coagulated by albumen . these substances exists , than that
    Creasote .
    pain , vomiting, pungent Dippel's animal oil may be derived from their peculiar odour.
    taste , purging , & c . The oils counteracted with dilute Dippel's oil has the pungent odour
    of turpentine and tobacco , acids and the fixed oils . of ammonia ; creasote and oil of tar,
    Dippel's Ani- affect ihe nervous system ; The other oils have no par- a peculiar smellofsmoke ; the odour
    mal Oil . the peculiar odour of each ticular antidotes, and their of tobacco and turpentine are well
    oil will be manifested in effects must , therefore , be known.
    Oil of Tar . the matter vomited . counteracted upon general
    principles.
    Oil of Tobacco
    Oil of Turpen
    tine .

    GASES. Chlorine produces, when The antidotes to chlorine , Chlorine is recognised by its pe
    inhaled , violent irritation are the cautious inhalation culiar odour and bleaching proper
    Carbonic Acid of the organs of respiration; of ammonia , or sulphuret- ties, Sulphuretted hydrogen by its
    fetid smell, and the rapid blacken
    or Fixed Air. cough , bloody expectorated hydrogen . The intiam
    tion, inflammation of the matory symptoms from ing of lead. Carbonic acid by its
    Carbonic Oxide. lungs, and permanent pul. chlorine to be treated on occasioning turbidness in lime-wa.
    monary disease . The other general principles. For the ter placed in its atmosphere . Car
    Fumes of Burn- gases, although producing other gases, cold effusions bonic oxide, by the blue colour of its
    ing Charcoal. some effect on the respira to the head , blood -letting, flame.
    tory organs , act as poisons artificial respiration .
    Chlorine. in consequence of their se .
    dative agency . The symp
    Sulphuretted toins , therefore , are those
    Hydrogen . of apoplexy or narcotic poi
    soning.

    IODINE. Irritant symptoms : burn Iodine combines with Todine is known by its odour, and
    ing pain in the throat, lace- starch and formsan insolu | the formation of a blue precipitate
    Iodide of Po- rating pain in the stomach ble compound. The prompt when brought in contact with a
    tassium . and fruitless efforts to vo- administration of starch , cold solution of starch . Iodide of
    mit ; suffusion of the eyes ; wheat flour, or other vege- potassium gives a crystalline preci .
    excessive pain and tender- table matter containing fe- pitate, with tartaric acid in excess .
    ness of the epigastrium . cula , beat up in water, is the supernatant fluid will give the
    recommended . Iodide of blue colour to starch .
    potassium has no antidote .
    Vomiting should be pro
    moted by draughts of warm
    water, and inflammation
    subdued by general treat
    ment .

    70
    POISONS 554 POISONS

    TREATMENT. TESTS .
    Poisons . SYMPTOMS.

    METALS . Vomiting. If vomiting If vomiting have not been Antimony in solution is best dis
    do not occur promptly , vio- produced , it should be tinguished by the peculiar orange .
    ANTIMONY . lent irritant effects are brought about , by tickling red precipitate, which it formswith
    produced. Birning pain in the ices , and adminis- sulphuretted hydrogen or solutions
    Tartar Emetic. the pit of the stomach ; tering copious draughts of of the hydrosulphates. Free alka
    purging ; colicky pains , warm water. Astringent lies produce white precipitates. The
    Muriate, or sense of tightness in the infusions, such as of galls, muriale is known by a white precis
    Butter of Anti- throat, violent cramps ; re- oak bark , Peruvian bark , pitate, when it is poured into wa
    peated recurrence of vomit- act as antidotes, and should ter. in its solid forms, it may be
    mony . be given promptly: pow . known by the formation of white
    Oxide of Anti- ing. dered yellow bark may be fumes, when heated , which redden
    mony . used , until the infusion is litmus. It may also be converted
    prepared . into muriate, and then precipitated
    Glass of Anti by adding water.
    mony .
    ARSENIC . Violent burning pain in The hydrated peroxide of If the suspected substance can be
    the region of the stomach iron diffusell through wa- obtained free from organic matter,
    Arsenious Acid, and bowels ; tenderness on ter ; or the precipitated car- the presence ofarsenic may readily
    or While Arse- pressure : retching, vomit- bonate ; or ihe rubigo ferri, be shown by boiling it in distilled
    ing; sense of dryness and in very fine powder, to be water, filtering , and testing with ,
    nic . tightness in the throat ; adminisiered every five or 1st. Ammoniacal sulphate of cop.
    Orpiment, or thirst ; hoarseness and diffi ten minutes, until relief is per. 2d . Ammoniacal nitrate of
    Yellow Sulphu- culty of speech ; the matter obtained . This is particu- silver . 3d. Sulphurelted bydrogen
    ret of Arsenic . vomited greenish or yellow- larly efficacious when the gas. The first will produce a green
    ish , sometimes streaked white arsenic has been swal- precipitate ; second , a pale yellore
    King's Yellow with blood ; diarrhæa ; te- lowed . If the arsenic have precipitate : third , a bright yellow
    nesinus; sometimes excoria . been taken in the form precipitate , if arsenic be present. A
    Realgar,or Red tion of the anus ; urinary of Fowler's Solution, lime- portion of the powder, or one of
    Sulphuret of organs occasionally affected water in copious draughts, these precipitates carefully and tho .
    Arsenic .
    with violent burning pains may be given . For either roughly dried, is then to be mixed
    and suppression ; conval of the other forms, emetics with charcoal and exsiccated carbo .
    Fly Powder sions and cramps ; clammy of sulphate of zinc ; dilu nate of soda,to be placed in a smal !
    sweats ; lividity of the ex- ents ; demulcents, such as glass tube closed at one end, and
    Fouler's Solu - tremities ; countenance col. flaxseed tea, infusion of then to be heated to a red heat in
    tion .
    lapsed ; eyes red and spark slippery elm , & c. Counter- the flame of a lamp. The arsenic
    ling ; delirium ; death . irritants may be used to re- will be reduced , and sublime in ihe
    lieve the spasm , and violent upper part of the tube - forming a
    Arsenical Puste . pain in the stomach. Bleed- dark crust, having considerable lus
    Arsenical Soap .
    ing, as promoting absorp- tre on its exterior surface, resem
    tion, should not be employ . bling polished steel . By gently
    ed until the stomach is com heating this crust in a very small
    Arsenitc of Cop pletely evacuated , flame, crystals of white arsenic will
    per . be formed, having a high adaman
    Schee!e's Green . tine lustre .
    If organic matter be present it
    must be entirely destroyed by heat
    ing the substance with nitro -muria .
    tic acid . After this has been done
    and a clear transparent solution in
    distilled water has been obtained ,
    the subsequent process is as above
    indicated .
    BISMUTH Similar to those produced Milk and sweet mucila . Bismuth is known by the forma
    irritant poisons.
    from otherinflammation ginous drinks are general
    recom tion of a white precipitate when its
    Nitrate of Bis- General of mended. Leeches, solution in nitric acid is poured into
    muth. the whole alimentary canal; bleeding, glysters : fomen water ; and by the formation of a
    suppression of urine; hic lations to be employed on black precipitate with sulphuretted
    Pearl Porder . cough, disagreeable metal. the general principles of hydrogen gas, and hydrosulphales
    in solution .
    lic taste: vomiting; cramps; treatment for inflammatory
    Oride of Bis- delirium ; death . symptoms.
    muth.

    COPPER . Very similar to those pro Albumen to be adminis- The presence of copper is readily
    duced by arsenic. Coppery tered in either of its forms, shown in solutions . By ammonia
    Sulphate of eructations and taste . Fa- which can be most readily a beautiful bluish precipitate is
    Copper. tal cases are generally ter. obtained , as milk or whites thrown down , whicli dissolves in
    minated by convulsions, of eggs . Vinegar, should an excess of the precipitant, and
    Blue Vitriol. not be given . The inflam . the solution has a rich blue colour.
    palsy, insensibility. matory symptoms are to be A bright iron bar, introduced into
    Acetate of Cop treated on general princi- solutions of copper, occasions the
    per . ples, and so of the nervous. separation of the copper, in a nietal.
    Tic form , which deposits itself upon
    Verdigris. the iron .

    Carbonate Of
    Copper.
    Blue Verditer.
    Arsenite of Cop
    per.
    Scheele's Green .
    Food cooked in
    dirty copper 003
    sels, or Pickles
    made green by
    Copp cr .
    POISONS 565 POISONS

    Poisons . SYMPTOMS. TREATMENT . Tests .

    Gold . Muriate of gold is very readily de


    Very analogous to those The salts of gold are de-
    Muriate
    of other irritant poisons. composed, by sulphate of composed and the gold separated in
    This substance communi- iron ; and this has, there- a metallic state . Protosulphate of
    Of
    Gold . cates a pink stain to the fore , been recommended as iron , nitrate of silver and protomu
    flesh , and patches of that an antidote. Inflammatory riate of lin , all answer this purpose.
    Fulminating colour may be found about symptoms to be treated on The precipitated powder will be
    Gold , the lips , and inside the general principles.
    mouth . found insoluble except in nitro -mu
    riatic acid .
    IRON . Symptoms of irritant poi- Carbonate of soda would
    soning; colic pains, con- Iron precipitate,
    be a most excellent anti black is recognised
    withbytincture
    a bluishof
    Sulphate of stant vomiting and purging. dote to either of these galls ; rich blue , with prussiate of
    Iron . Violent pain in the throat , substances. Mucilaginous potassa ; and a greenish or reddish
    tension of the epigastrium , drinks might also be em- precipitate, with the free alkalies
    Copperas . coldness of the skin and ployed ; and particular or their carbonates.
    Green Vitriol. feebleness of the pulse . symptoms relieved by gene
    ral treatment.
    Muriate of Iron .
    LEAD , Irritation of the alimen . Sulphate ofmagnesia and Soluble salts of lead yield a white
    tary canal ; spasm ; nervous phosphate of soda, are both precipitate with sulphates and car
    Acetate ofLead. symptoms , paralysis either good antidotes for the solu- bonates in solution . Salts of chro
    Sugar of Lead. partial or complete . When ble salts of lead . For the mic acid and hydriodate of potas
    Carbonate
    iaken for some time in solid forms, dilute sulphuric sa occasion a yellow precipitate.
    of small quantity , violent and acid may be drunk . These Sulphuretted hydrogen , a black pre
    Lead .
    White Lead .
    obstinate colic ; rigidity of are applicable to the irri- cipitate. If solid , the lead may be
    abdominal muscles, cramps ; tant forms of poisoning by converted into a state of solution
    remissions of pain ; obsti- lead. In the chronio form by nitric acid , and the dilute solu
    Red Oride, or nate constipation ,urine di- or colica pictopum , purga- tionbe tested as above.
    Red Lead . minished , saliva increased ; tives and anodynes are re
    countenance anxious and sorted to ; venesection ; and
    Litharge. gloomy. If relief is not external applications to re .
    Wines sweeten
    promptly obtained , giddi- lieve the cramps . The use
    ness, debility , torpor , coma, of strychnine is recom
    ed by Lead. convulsionsand death . The mended for the paralysis.
    Water
    paralysis
    which ihe affects generally
    upper extremities .
    has been kept in
    leaden vessels .

    Acidfood , cook
    ed, or left stand
    ing in vessels
    glazed with lead.

    MERCURY. Violent symptoms of irri Albumen in some form The free alkalies differ in their
    tant poisoning: harsh ine- must be promptly adminis- precipitates from solutions of mer
    Corrosive Sub. tallic, astringent taste ; tered ; either white of eggs cury . Potassa gives, with corrosive
    limate .
    burning pain in the sto- beaten up with water, milk, sublimate, a yellowish one ; ammo
    mach ; vomiting and purg. or wheat flour beaten up. nia, a white ; limewater,an orange ;
    Суапитet of ing frequently of bloody The inflammatory symp- and sulphuretted hydrogen, a black
    Mercury matter ; often' irritation of toms to be counteracted by A drop of the solution placed on
    the urinary organs and the usual means . a piece of gold , and touched with
    Nitrate of Mer- sometimes suppression ; a knife or key, reduces the mercury
    cury tightness and burning in which amalgamates with the gold,
    the throat, occasionally so producing a white spot . The nitrate
    White Precipi- great as to prevent speech; ofmercury
    gives a black precipitate
    tate . countenance not always with the free alkalies. All the solid
    pale , but sometimes flush forms of mercury are volatile, and
    Red Oride, or ed : tendency to doze , stu may be reduced hy heating them in
    Red Precipitate. por, convulsionsand death . a glass tube with charcoal and car
    1 bonate of soda- when the metallic
    Sulphate, or
    mercury will sublime, and may be
    Turbith Mine. collected in a globule.
    ral.

    Vermilion , or
    Red Sulphuret.

    SILVER . Those of other irritant Muriate of soda or com- Nitrate of silver is distinguished
    poisons. mon salt immediately de- by the formation of a white preci
    Mitrate of Sil. composes this substance pitate insoluble in nitric acid , with
    ver , or Lunar and destroys its activity . inuriate of soda ; a gray precipitate
    Caustic. Antiphlogistic treatment is with ammonia , which is redissolved
    to be employed for the in- in an excess of ammonia ; yellow
    flammatory symptoms. precipitate with phosphate of soda.
    The precipitate of chlorideofsilver,
    obtained by adding muriate of soda
    to the nitrate of silver, is readily
    reduced, and the metallic silver ob
    tained , by mixing itwith dilute sul
    phuric acid and granulated zinc .
    POISONS 556 POISONS

    Poisons. SYMPTOMS . TREATMENT Tests .

    Tin. The same as those from Milk to be given copious- The muriate precipitates vegeta
    other irritant poisons, and ly , and the subsequent ble colouring matter ; also albumen
    Muriate of Tin . a peculiar tanned appear- treatment to be regulated and gelatine. The white oxide is
    ance of the villous coat of by the symptoms. precipitated from its solution by
    Solution of T'in , the stomach . free alkalies ; with sulphuretted hy
    used by Dyers.
    drogen gas , a brown precipitate .
    Oride of Tin ,
    or Putty Pows
    der .

    Zinc . Violent vomiting ; astrin- The vomiting may be re- A white precipitate is thrown
    gent taste ,burning pain in lieved by copious draughts down by the freealkalies from the
    Oride of Zinc . the stomach ; pale counte- of warm water. Carbonate soluble salts of zinc,which becomes
    nance ; cold extremities ; of soda, administered in so- yellow when strongly heated - reco
    Sulphate of dull eyes ; futtering pulse. lution , will decompose the vering its white colour on cooling.
    Zinc. Death' seldom ensues, in sulphate of zinc. Milk and Sulphuretted hydrogen occasions a
    consequence of the emetic albumen also act as anti- while precipitate .
    White Vitriol. effects . dotes . General principles
    to be observed in the subse
    Acetate of Zinc. queut treatment.

    PHOSPHO Symptoms of irritant poi- An emetic to be prompt. Phosphorus is knownby its ready
    RUS . soning : pain in the stomach ly administered ; copious inflammability , luminousness at or
    and bowels ; vomiting,diar- draughts containing mag- dinary temperatures, and alliaceous
    rhea, tenderness and ten - nesia in suspension ; muci odour.
    sion in the abdomen . laginous drinks; general
    treatment for inflammatory
    symptoms.

    GLASS , or Jf taken in very coarse Large quantities of crumb


    ENAMEL. powder, it produces irrita- of bread should be eaten to
    tion and inflammation of envelop the particles. ( ?)
    the bowels. An emetic of sulphate of
    zinc should then be given ,
    and vomiting be promoted
    by demulcent drinks.

    II. ORGANIC POISONS .


    1. VEGETABLE POISONS .
    IRRITANT POIsons . SYMPTOMS . TREATMENT
    Anemone pulsatilla . Wind Flower . The general effects of this If vomiting has been occasioned by
    Arum maculatum . Wake Robin . class of vegetable poisons the poison , and ihe efforts are still con
    Brionia dioica . Bryony. are an acrid pungent tinued, they may be rendered easier by
    Caladium seguinium . Dumbcane . taste , with more or less of large draughts or warm water, or thin
    Calla palustris. Water Arum . bitterness, excessive heat, gruel; but it symptoms of insensibility
    Caltha palustris. Marsh Marigold . great dryness of the mouth have come on without vomiting, it
    Chelidonium majus. Celandine . and throat, with sense of ought to be immediately excited by the
    Clematis vitalba . Virgin Bower. tightness there; violent vo- sulphate of zinc , or some other active
    Convolvulus jalapa. Jalap. substance,
    emeticsharp after its opera
    andshould
    Convolvulus scammonia. Scammony. niiting , theeven
    continued afterbeing
    efforts the lion a purgative be given.
    Croton tiglium . Purging Croton . stomach is emptied ; purg. After as much as possible of the poison
    Cucumis colocynthis . Colocynth . ing, with great pain in the is got rid of, a very strong infusion of
    Cyclamen Europæum . Sow Bread. stomach and bowels ; pulse coffee, or vinegar diluted with water ,
    Daphne gnidium . Spurge Flax. strong , frequent, and regu- may be given with advantage. Cam
    Daphne mezereum. Mezereon .
    Delphinium staphysagria Stavesacre . lar breathing
    and; difficult often quick phor
    ; appearances mixtureand
    Frequently, with ether may bebetaken
    if insensibility con
    Doica, palustris. Swamp leather wood . of intoxication ; the pupil of siderable , warmth , frictions, and blis.
    Equisetum hyemale. Scourgrass .
    Euphorbia officinarum . the eye frequently
    Euphorbium . insensibility dilated,
    resembling tersother
    or be employed.
    , may dangerous If inflammation
    consequences have
    Spurge.
    Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. death , the pulse becomes
    slow and loses its force, and upon general principles. to be treated
    been induced, they are
    Hippomane mancinella . Manchineel. death closes the scene .
    The fruit of the Feuillea Cordifolia
    Hura crepitans. Sand Box . lately recommended as a pow
    If of
    Hydrocotyle vulgaris . Marsh Penny- many applied externally
    them produce vio , erfulbeen
    has antidote against vegetable poi
    wort .
    Jatropha curcas . Indian Nut. lent inflammations of the sons : it is to be used in as recenta state
    skin , with vesications or as possible . ( ?).
    Jatropha manihot. Cassada. eruptions of pustules. N. B. Bromine , chlorine, and iodine
    Juniperus sabina. Savin (oil of.)
    Juniperus Virginiana . Red Cedar (oil are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
    or . ) generally .
    Momordica elaterium . Squirting Cu
    cumber.
    Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil.
    Pastinax sativa .Common Parsnip .
    Pedicularis palustris. Marsh Lousewort.
    Phytolacca decandra . Poke .
    POISONS 557 POISONS

    IRRITANTS, SYMPTOMS. TREATMENT .

    Piper cubeba . Cubebs.


    Plumbago Europea. Toothwort.
    Panunculus atris, and other species.
    Crow foot.
    Rhododendron
    der .
    chrysanthemum . Olean
    Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant.
    Sambucus ebulus. Elder .
    Sedum acre. Stone Crop .
    Stalagmitis cambogioides. Gamboge .
    Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy ( oil or.)
    ACRO - NARCOTIC..
    Æthusa cynapium . Common Fool's
    Parsley ,
    Aconitum napellus . Monksbood .
    Agaricus, 5 species. Mushrooms (poi
    sonous )
    Amanita muscaria . Truffles ( poisonous . )
    Anagallis arvensis. Meadow Pimper
    nell .
    Anda Gomesii.
    Apocynum androsamifolium . Dogsbane.
    Aristolochia clematitis . Birthwort .
    Arnica montana . Leopard's bane .
    Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort .
    Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade.
    Æsculus Ohioensis . Buckeye .
    Brucea antidysenterica . False Angus
    tura Bark .
    Cerbera , 3 species. Cerbera .
    Chærophyllum sylvestre. Bastard Hem
    lock .
    Chaillotia toxicana . Ratbane.
    Chenopodium murale. Wormseed.
    Cicuta maculata . American Hemlock .
    Cicula virosa . Water Hemlock .
    Cissus . Cissus .
    Cocculus indicus. Fish berries.
    Colchicum autumnale. Meadow saffron .
    Conium maculatum . Hemlock .
    Coriaria myrtifolia . Myrtle leaved Su
    mach .
    Curare . Indian War Poison .
    Cynanchum erectum . Cynanchum .
    Cytisus laburnum . Laburnum .
    Datura stramonium . Thorn Apple.
    Digitalis purpurea . Foxglove .
    Ergot. See Secale. The narcotic vegetable The stomach to be effectually eva
    Ervum ervilia . Bitter Vetch . poisons , if taken into the cuated, by giving four or five grains of
    Gaultheria procumbens. Wintergreen stomach or applied to a tartar emetic, or from ten to twenty of
    ( oil of.) wound,occasion the follow the sulphate of zinc, repeated every
    Hæmanthus toricarius . ing effects :-stupor;numb- quarter of an hour, till the full effect is
    Helleborus Niger. Black Hellebore. ness; heaviness in the head : produced . These meansmay be assisted
    Hypophyllum sanguinaria . Paddock desire to vomit, slight at by tickling the throat with a feather or
    Stool. first, but afterwards insup- the finger. Large and strong glysters of
    Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. portable ; a sort of intoxi- soap dissolved in water, or of salt and
    Lathyrus cicera . Lathyrus. cation, stupid air , pupil of gruel , should he speedily administered,
    Laurus camphora. Camphor. the eye dilated ; furious or to clear the bowels, and assist in getting
    Lobelia inflata , Indian Tobacco . lively delirium , sometimes rid of the poison, and active purgatives
    Lolium temulentum . Darnel. pain ; convulsions ofdiffer- may be given after the vomiting has
    Melia azederach . Pride of China . ent parts of the body , or ceased. When as much as possible of
    Mercurialis perennis. Mountain Mer. palsy of the limbs. The the poison has been expelled , the pa
    cury . pulse is variable,
    Nerum oleander . Common Oleander. generally strong but
    andatfull
    first; ful
    tientofmay drink
    strong hot ,infusion
    alternately
    of ,coffee,
    a tea-cup
    and
    Enanthe crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. the breathing is quick and vinegar diluted with water. If the
    Nicotiana tabacum . Tobacco . there is great anxiety and drowsiness, which is sometimes ex
    Passiflora quadrangularis. Barbadine. dejection , which , if not treme, and the insensibility bordering
    Piscidia erythema. Jamaica Dogwood.
    Polygala venenosa (of Java .)
    speedily relieved, soon ends means
    on apoplexy, be not remedied by these
    , blood may be taken from the
    Rhus radicans . Poison Vine.
    in death .
    Rhus toricodendron . Poison Oak or Su
    jugular vein, blisters may be applied to
    ihe neck and legs, and the attention be
    mach . roused by every means possible . If the
    Robinia pseudo acacia . Locust tree. heat declines , warmth and frictions
    Ruta graveolens. Rue. must be perseveringly used. Vegeta
    Sanguinaria Canadensis . Blood Root. ble acids are on no account to be given
    Scilla maritima . Squill . See Onion. before the poison is expelled , and it is
    Secale cornutum . Ergot. Spurred Rye. desirable that but little fluid of any kind
    Sium latifolium . Procumbent Water should be administered.
    Parsnip N. B. Bromine, chlorine , and iodine
    Spigelia Marilandica . Pink Root. are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
    Strychnos Ignatii. St. Ignatius's Bean. generally
    Strychnos nur vomica . Nux Vomica.
    Symplocarpus fatida . Skunk Cabbage .
    Ticunas. Extract of various plants
    S. America .
    Tieuté. Upas ticuté. Tree of Java.
    POISONS 558 POISONS

    ACRO - NARCOTICS . SYMPTOMS . TREATMENT .

    Triticum Hybernum. Wheat (diseased . )


    Upas antiar. Tree in Java.
    Veratrum album . White Hellebore .
    Veratrum viride. American Hellebore .
    Woorara . War Poison or Guiana .
    Zea mays. Maize ( diseased.)
    NARCOTIC .
    Actæa spicata . Baneberry.
    Amygdalus communis . Bitter Almond .
    Amygdalus Persica . Peach .
    Gelseminum nitidum . Yellow Jessamine.
    Helonias erythrosperma. Fly Poison .
    Hyoscyamus albus. White Henbane .
    Hyoscyamus Niger. Black Henbane.
    Kalmia latifolia . Mountain Ivy .
    Lactuca virosa. Strong Scented Let
    tuce .
    Opium , and its proximate principles.
    Papaver sommferum . Poppy.
    Paris quadrifolia. Herb Paris.
    Prunus Caroliniana . Wild Orange .
    Prunus lauro -cerasus. Cherry Laurel.
    Prunus nigra. Black Cherry.
    Prunus padus . Cluster Cherry.
    Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry .
    Solanum dulcamara. Bitter Sweet.
    Sorbus acupuria . Mountain Ash .
    Taxus baccata Yew .

    POISONOUS MUSHROOMS. Nausea , heat , and pain in The stomach and bowels to be cleared
    the stomach and bowels, by an emetic of tartarized antimony ,
    Agaricus muscarius. Fly Agaric. with vomiting and purging; followed by frequent doses ofGlauber's
    Agaricus piperatus. Pepper Agaric . thirst ; convulsions, and ( Epsom salt, and large , stimulating
    Agaricus necalor. Deadly Agaric. ſaintings, pulse small and glysters. After the poison is evacuated,
    Agaricus bulbogus. Bulbous Agaric. frequent; delirium ; dilated ether may be administered , with small
    Agaricus chantarellus . Champignon . pupil , and stupor ; cold quantities of brandy and water ; but
    sweats , and death . if inflammatory symptoms manifest
    Poisonous mushrooms themselves, such stimuli should be
    may be distinguished from omilied , and other appropriate means
    the edible by their botanical be had recourse to .
    characters, and by the fol
    lowing criteria. The for.
    mer grow in wet , shady
    places, have a nauseous
    odour ; are softer , more
    open , and porous ; have a
    dirty -looking surface, some
    times a gaudy colour or
    many very distinct hues ,
    particularly if they have
    been covered with an enve
    lope ; they have soft, bul .
    bous stalks, grow rapidly ,
    and corrupt very quickly .

    2. ANIMAL POISONS .

    SYMPTOMS . TREATMENT

    In an hour or two , or An emetic should be speedily admi.


    POISONOUS FISH .
    often in a much shorter nistered , or , in the absence of it, vomit
    Balistes monoceros . Old Wife . time, after stale fish has ing may be excited , by tickling the
    Cancer astacus. Crawfish . been eaten , a weight at the throat with the finger, and taking large
    Cancer ruricolus. Land Crab . stomach comes on , with draughts of warm water. Allier full
    Clupea Chryssa. Yellow - billed Sprat. slight vertigo and headache, vomiting, an active purgative should be
    Coracinus fuscus major. Gray Snapper. sense of heat about the given , to remove any of the noxious
    Coracinus minor. Hyne. head and eyes , considerable matter that may have found its way
    Coryphæna splendens. Dolphin .' thirst, and often an erup- into the intestines. Vinegar and water
    Mormyra , Blue Parrot Fish . tion of the skin ( urticaria, ) may be drunk after the above remedies
    Muræna major. Conger Eel . and in many cases death . have operated , and the body may be
    Mytilus edulis. Mussel. sponged with the same. Water, made
    Ostracion globellum . Smooth Bottle very sweet with sugar, to which ether
    Fish . may be added , may be drunk freely as a
    Perca major. Barracuda . corrective , and a very weak solution of
    Perca venenosa . Grooper. alkali has been recommended to obviate
    Perca venenata . Rock Fish . the effects of the poison . If spasm
    Physalia . Portuguese Man of War. ensue ; after evacuations, laudanum , in
    Scoinber cæruleus. Spanish Mackerel. considerable doses , is necessary . If in
    Scomber marimus. King Fish . flanimation should occur, the usual
    Scoinber thynnus . Bonetta . means of removing it must be em .
    Sparus chrysops. Porgee. ployed .
    Tetrodon sceleratus. Tunuy.
    Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower . í
    POISONS 559 POISONS

    SYMPTOM3 . TREATMENT .

    POISONOUS SERPENTS. A sharp pain in the A cupping glass to be applied over


    wounded part , which soon the wound or a moderately tight liga
    Boa crotaloides. Copperhead . extends over the limb or ture above the bites , and the wound
    Cenchus mockcson. Mockeson . body ; great swelling, at left to bleed af being well washed
    Coluber berus. Viper . first hard and pale, then with warm water ; the actual cautery ,
    Coluber prester. Black Viper. reddish , livid , and gangre . lunar caustic , or butter of antimony, to
    Crotalus, ( 5 species . ) Ratile Snake. nous in appearance : faint be then applied freely to it , and aſter
    Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper. ings , vomitings , convul- , wards covered with lint , dipped in equal
    sions, and sometimes jaun- parts of olive oil and spirit of hartshorn .
    dice ; pulse small, frequent, The ligature to be removed if the in
    and irregular; breathing flammation be considerable . Warm ,
    difficult , cold sweats , the diluting drinks , and small doses of am
    sight fails , and the intellec- monia or hartshorn to cause perspira .
    tual faculties are deranged . tion ; the patient to be well covered in
    Inflammation , and often bed , and a little warm wine given oc .
    extensive
    gangrene ,
    suppuration
    followed
    and
    by
    casionally. If gangrene be threatened,
    | wine may be given more freely , and
    death . the bark should be had recourse to .
    Arsenic , the principal ingredient in the
    Tanjore Pill, has been strongly recom
    mended .

    CANTHARIS VESICATORIA . Nauseous odour of the Vomiting to be excited by drinking


    breath ; acrid taste ; bum- sweet oil , sugar and water , milk or lin
    Spanish , or Blistering Fly . ing heat in the throat, sto- seed tea , very freely . Emollient glys
    Lytta vittata. Potato Fly . mach , and abdomen ; fre. ters should be administered , and if
    quent vomitings , often symptoms of inflammation of the sto .
    bloody with copious bloody inach , kidney , or bladder supervene, i
    stools; excruciating pain in they must be subdued by appropriate
    the stomach ; painful and treatment.
    obsiinate priapism , with | Camphor dissolved in oil may be rub
    heat in the bladder, and bed over the belly and on the thighs.
    strangury or retention of
    urine ; frightful convul.
    sions, delirium and death.

    VENOMOUS INSECTS . In general , the sting of Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on the
    Tarantula.
    these insects occasions only affected part, and a piece of rag mois.
    a slight degree of pain and lened in the same, or in salt and water,
    Scorpio . Scorpion . swelling ; but occasionally may be kept upon it till the pain is re
    Vespa crabro. Hornet . the symptoms are more vio- moved. A few drops of hartshorn may
    Vespa vulgaris. Wasp . lent,and sicknessand fever be given frequently in a little water,
    Apis mellifica . Bee . are produced by the inten- and a glass or two of wine may be
    ( 'ulex pipiens. Gnat. taken . The sting may, in general, be
    Estrus buvis.
    sity of the pain .
    Gad tly . removed by making strong pressures
    around it with the barrel of a small
    watch key .

    At an uncertain interval Hydrophobia is more easily prevented


    after the bite , generally than cured , indeed it is doubted whe
    however, between the ther it ever has been cured . Mercury ,
    twentieth day and three or arsenic, opium , musk , camphor, acids,
    four months, pain or unea- wine, vegetable and mineral alkali , oil ,
    siness occurs in the bitten various herbs, and many other reme
    part , though the wound dies whose effects are quite opposite ,
    may have been long healed . have been employed , but none can be
    Anxiety , uneasiness, lan- relied on . Large blood -lettings, the
    guor, spasms , horror, dis . warm and cold bath , and almost every
    turbed sleep , difficult respi . other remedial agent, have been tried
    ration succeed, and are without success .
    SALIVA OF THE RABID DOG . soon very much increased ; The bitten part should be completely
    violent convulsions affect cut out, even after it has healed , if the
    the whole body, hideously symptoms have not yet come on ; the
    distorting the muscles of part'should then be immersed in warm
    the face ; the eyes are red water, or washed with it as long as it
    and protruded , the tongue will leed , and after the most perse
    swells and often hangs out, vering ablution , caustic should be ap .
    and viscid saliva flows from plied to every part of the surface , and
    the month ; there is pain in ihen the wound covered with a poul.
    the stomach , with bilious tice , and suffered to heal by granula
    vomitings, a horror offluids, tions .
    and impossibility of drink- No milder discipline can ensure
    ing them . All these symp- safety .
    toms are aggravated till
    the sufferer is relieved by
    death .
    POISONING 560 POLYGALA

    The most energetic poisons are used thera- POLIO'SIS, Tricho'sis poliosis, Spilo'sis po
    peutically ; and, often with considerable advan. liosis. Hair, prematurely gray or Loary.
    tage. They have , of course , to be administered POLIUM CRETICUM , Teucrium creticum
    in extremely small doses ; to avoid producing -p.Montanum , Teucrium capitatum .
    poisoning. POLLEX , An'ticheir, Prom'anus, from pol
    POISONING , Veneficium , Toxica'tio, In- lerë, ‘ to have much strength.' ( F.) Pouce. The
    torica'tio, Pharmacei'a, (F. ) Empoisonnement. first of the fingers in size and strength. It is
    The art of applying a poisonous substance to asserted, that the term poltroon is derived from
    any of the textures, in a dose capable of occa- Pollice trunca'to ;-the Romans , who were de
    sioning more or less serious symptoms. Rigor. sirous of being exempted from military service,
    ously speaking, therefore, if a physician , in being accustomed to cut off the thumb, and
    arins.
    treating any case , employs a deleterious medi- thus render themselves unfit to handle I

    cine in a small dose , which , owing to particular Pollex . See Digitus .


    circumstances, produces unpleasant symptoms, Pollex pedis is the great toe. 4

    he may be said to have poisoned . The term POLLINCTOʻRES. They , who were em . 1

    is , however, generally restricted.to poisoning ployed in anointing bodies before they were
    by design. placed on the funeral pile .
    Poisoning has also been used, by a few , to POLLINCTURA , Embalming.
    denote the series of symptoms resembling POLLU'TION , Pollu'tio, from polluo,' I pro
    those produced by certainpoisons, which occa- fane .' The excretion of the seminal liquor or
    sionally followsthe use of substances that are sperm , at other times than during coition.
    generally innoxious. Overloading the stomach When occasioned by a voluntary act it is called ,
    with indigestible food has, for example, given simply, Pollution or Masturbation ,(q. v. :) when
    occasion to symptoms resembling those pro- excited during sleep, by lascivious dreams, it
    duced by a narcotic poison, and the effect has takes the name Nocturnal pollution , Exoneiro'.
    been termed poisoning . sis, Oneirog'mos, Oneirog'onos, Gonorrha'a dor
    Secret poisoning was, at one time, practised as mien'tium , G.oneirog'onos, G. Vera, G. libidino'.
    an art. It consisted in administering medicines, sa, Proflu'vium Sem'inis, Spermatorrha'a, Pa
    which should act as slow poisons, and gradually ronir'ia salax, Night pollution. (F.) Pollution
    undermine the strength and life. Its agency involontaire.
    was far from being so extensive as was imagined . POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution
    POISONOUS, Toxical, Norius, having the --p . Nocturnal, Pollution-p. Self, Masturba.
    qualities of a poison. tion - p . Voluntary Masturbation .
    POISON BERRY TREE , Melia azedarach POLY, Polys, tous, 'many, full.' Hence :
    -p . Italian, Liquor arsenicalis-p . Morbid , Vi POLY'ÆMIA , Plethora.
    rus - p. Oak, Rhus toxicodendron - p. Vegeta POLYANHÆ'MIA , Anæmia .
    ble, Upas - p. Vine, Rhus radicans. POLYCHOʻLIA , from novş, ' much ,' and
    POISONS, ACRO -NARCOTIC , P. narcotico
    acrid -- p. Corrosive, P. acrid - p . Éscharotic, P. yoin , 'bile.'. Superabundance of bile ; such as
    acrid - p. Irritating , P. acrid - p. Putrescent, P. is POLYCHRES'
    supposed toexist in bilious fevers.
    septic.
    from noluş,
    TUS , ' much ,'
    and χρηστος , • useful.' Having many virtues .
    POITRINAIRE , Phthisicus.
    An ancient name for certain medicines, con
    POITRINE , Thorax .
    POIVRE D'EAU ,Polygonum hydropiper, sidered to be usefulin many diseases.
    POLYCHRONIUS , Chronic .
    p . de Guinée , Capsicum annuum-p . d'Inde,
    Capsicum annuum-p.de Jamaique, see Myrtus POLYDAC'TYLUS, from nolus , ' many . "
    pimenta - p. Long, Piper longum - p.Noir, Piper and doxtvãos, a finger.' One who has a su
    nigrum - p. Petit, Vitex - p. à Qucue, Piper pernumerary finger or fingers, or toes .
    cubeba - p. Saurage, Vitex. POLYDIPSIA , from nous, much,' and
    POIX 'BLANCHE, see Pinus abies - p. de dyn, ' thirst ;' Sitis morbo'sa , Polypo'sia , Ex
    Bourgoyne, see Pinus abies- p. Grasse, see Pi- cessive thirst,-Dipso'sis avens. (F.) Soif et
    nus abies-p. Jaune, see Pinus abies-p. Miné cessive . A constant desire for drinking, with
    rale, Pissasphaltum - p . Navale, see Pinus syl- a sense of dryness in the mouth and throat. It
    vestris- ) . Noire, see Pinus sylvestris . is mostly symptomatic of fever, inflammation ,
    POLIA’TER, from nois, the town ,' and dropsy , excessive discharges, &c.
    ιατρος, a physician . ' A physician , exercising POLYG'ALA, from roaus , ' much ,' and yana ,
    his profession in a town,by the appointment of milk :' P. vulgaris, Common Milkwort. Fa
    the government.—Castelli. mily, Rhinanthoidew . Ser. Syst. Diadelphia
    POKE, INDIAN , Veratrum viride-p. Weed, Octandria. The leaves are bitter ,and are used
    Phytolacca decandra , Veratruin viride . in the same cases as the polygala amara .
    POLENTA, Alphiton , POLYGALA AMARA , Bitter Milkwort. A pow
    POLEY MOUNTAIN OF CANDY, Teu. erful bitter; and , consequently , tonic . Its re
    crium creticum - p. Mountain of Montpellier, puted virtues are balsamic, demulcent, and cor
    Teucrium capitatum . roborant.
    POLICE, MEDICAL. Rules established, POLYG'ALA SENEGA , Scn'eku , Rattlesnake
    or which ought to be established by the medical Milkwort, Senega or Rattlesnake root, Polygala
    practitioner , for the prevention of disease, to Virginia'na, (É.) Polygala de Virginie ou de
    assist its cure, and to contribute to the progress Seneka. The bark is the active part of the root.
    of Medicine. The salubrity of districts, espe. Its taste is at first acrid , and afterwards very
    cially during the existence of spreading disease, hot and pungent. It was once esteemed to be
    is greatly ensured by an efficient medical police. specific against the poison of the rattlesnake ,
    POLYGALINE 561 POLYPUS

    and in pleurisy, pneumonia, & c., after the in- cines, and whose prescriptions are loaded with
    flammatory action had been got under. It has ingredients. The term is taken in bad part.
    been given also in humoral asthma, chronic POLYPHYSIA , Flatulence .
    rheumatism , dropsy , croup, amenorrhæa, & c . POLYPODITES. Wine , impregnated with
    According to Peschier, it contains three par. polypody:
    ticular principles, Polyg'aline or Sen'egine, Isol'. POLYPODIUM CALAGUALA , Calaguale
    usine, and Polygulic Acid. Dose, gr. 30 to 40 radix .
    of the powder. Polypo'dium Fulix Mas, Aspid'ium Filix
    POLYGALA VIRGINIANA, P. senega. Mas, Pteris,, Blancnon
    Athyr'ium Oribasii,
    Filir Mas, Blechnon,
    POLYGALINE . See Polygala senega. Polyrrhizon Lonchi'tis, Fi
    POLYGONATUM , Convallaria polygo . licula, Malé Polypody or Fern , Filix inus, Ne
    natum .
    phro'dium crena'tum, ( F.) Fougère mâle. Nat.
    POLYG'ONUM AVICULA'RĒ, from nous , l'Ord. Filices. Sex. Syst. ' Cryptogamia Filices.
    much,' and yovole ' seed . ' Centino'dia ,Centum . The root of this plant has been much extolled
    no'dia , Knot grass , Sanguina'lis Corrig''ila , as an anthelmintic, and in cases of tænia. It
    (F.) Renouée , Trainasse , Centinode . Family, was the basis of a once celebrated remedy
    Polygoneæ , Ser . Syst. Octandria Trigynia. Madame Nouffer's — but, perhaps , more of the
    This grass is said to be a feeble astringent. efficacy was to be attributed to the active purga
    POLYGONUM Bistor'ra, Bistorta, Offic'inal lives by which it was followed than to the fern .
    Bistort, Great Bistort or Snakeweed. The root Dose, zij to ziij of the powdered solid part of
    is a powerful astringent and tonic ; and , as the root; followed, in the morning, by a strong
    such , has been used in internal hemorrhage, cathartic of camboge or jalap. An ethereal ex
    alonic diarrhea, ague , & c. Dose , gr. xv to 3j. tract has been proposed by Dr. Peschier, of
    POLYGONUM DIVARICATUM ; -- the Eastern Geneva .
    Buckwheat plant. The roots , reduced to a POLYPODY, MALE , Polypodium filix nias .
    coarse meal, are said to be much used as an POLʻYPOID, Polypoi'des ; from Polypus,
    article of diet by the Siberians . (q . v.,) and ridos, ' form .' Having the shape of,
    POLYGONUM FAGOP'YRUM,-Fagop'yrum , or resembling a Polypus.
    Buckwheat, Triticum Fagi'num , (F.) Sarrasin , POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS, Boletus
    Blé noir . The grain of this plant constitutes laricis.
    a principal article of food with the inhabitants POLYPO'SIA , πολυπoσια , from πολυς,
    of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland . It is ‘ much ,' and ποσις, drink . ' Great st
    much used in the United States . great desire for drink .
    POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER , Hydropiper, Per PolypoSTA , Polydipsia.
    sica ria urens
    ' , Mercurius terres'tris ; the Poor POL'YPUS , Pscudometamorphosis polyposa ,
    Man's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Lake-weed , from noluş, ' many,' and nous , “ a foot. A
    Water pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau. The leaves of name given to tumours, which occur in mucous
    this plant have an acrid, burning taste ; and membranes especially ; and which have been
    resemble those of the arum . They have been compared to certain zoophytes.
    recommended as possessing antiseptic , aperient, Polypi may form on every mucous mem
    and diuretic virtues . The fresh" leaves have brane. They are most commonly observed in
    been applied externally, as a stimulating cata . the nasal fosse , pharynx, and uterus ; more
    plasm . rarely in the stomach, intestines, bronchial
    POLYGONUM PERSICA'Ria, Persicaria , Persi- tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius externus.
    caria mitis, Pluinba ' go, Arse -smart, ( F. ) Persi. They vary much in size, number, mode of
    caire douce . This plant is said to possess vul-adhesion , and intimate nature. Accordingly ,
    nerary and antiseptic qualities. It has been they have received various appellations ; mu
    given in wine to arrest gangrene. cous, soft, vesic'ular, when their substance
    POLYGROMA , Staphyloma. has been soft, spongy , vesicular, and , as it
    POLYHYPERHÆMIA , Plethora . were , gorged with fluid. Others have been
    POLYLYMPHIA , Anasarca. called hard ; and these have been distinguished
    POLYMERIA PROMISCUA TRANSLA- into fibrous orfleshy, and into scirrhousor can .
    TIVA , Transposition of the viscera. cerous . Fibrous polypi are of a dense , compact
    POLYMERIS'MUS, from nous, much ,' texture, and whitish colour. They contain few
    and depos, “ a part . ' A monstrosity ,which con- vessels, and do not degenerate into cancer .
    sists in theexistence of supernumerary organs ; The scirrhous or carcinom'atous are true can.
    as a sixth finger of the hand . cerous tumours, painful and bleeding. They
    POLYNEURON , Plantago. present all the pathological changes which
    sight.' Vision isfrom
    POLYOP'SIA, so called, much,'
    nous,'when multiple . belongis to
    and oyis, nosis cancerous affections, and the prog
    of course unfavourable .
    POLYPE'RIA , from lokus, 6
    The mode of treating polypi must differ ac
    much ,' and
    mingos, mutilated .' Congenital misconstruc - cording to their character.
    tions of various parts or organs. - Good. The means used to destroy them have been ,
    POLYPHA'GIA , Multicoran'tia , from neodvş, 1. To subject them to the action of certain
    much,' and quyw , I eat. ' Voracity. Faculty astringent powders or solutions, to obtain their
    of digesting many kinds of food. resolution . 2. Cauterization or the application
    POLYPÅARMACI’A , froin noâvç, much ,' of the actual cautery or caustics. 3. Excision
    and yaonarov, ' a medicine . ' A prescription , or ablation with a cutting instrument. 4. Ex
    consisting of a number of medicines ; hence tirpation with the fingers or with the polypus
    the name Polyphar'macus given to one who is forceps. 5. A ligature, put round them so as
    in the habit of prescribing a number of medi- to prevent their nutrition. A seton has, also,
    71
    POLYRRHIZON 562 POPLITEAL

    been sometimes used to gradually destroy the / &c. , Unguentum lyttæ medicatum-p. for the
    pedicle. Lips , Cerate for the lips-- p . Nitricum vel oxy
    The term Polypi, Pseudopolypi, has likewise genatum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi - p. Saturni,
    been applied to collections of blood - fibrinous Unguentum plumbi superacetatis.
    concretions — found in the heart or great ves- POMEGRANATE , Punica granatum .
    sels after dissolution. These were once , erro. POMMADE, Pomatum-p . d'Alyon ,Unguen
    neously, regarded as morbid . tum acidi nitrosi -- p. Antipsorique de Jasser,
    The presence of these concretions may be Unguentum sulphuris compositum - p.d'Auten
    suspected , when in the course of an acute orrieth , Unguentum antimonii tartarizati - p. de
    chronic affection of the heart, or at the close of Cyrillo, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri-oxy .
    chronic diseases in general - especially those of genato medicatus- p. Epispastique jaune , Un
    the lungs-- the heart's action becomes suddenly guentum lyttæ medicatum aliud-p. Èpispas
    tumultuous, obscure , and accompanied with a tique verte, Unguentum lyttæ medicatum-p.de
    soft bellows' murmur , whilst the general symp- Garou, Unguentum epispasticum de daphne
    toms indicate the effects of obstructed circula- gnidio-p : pour les Lèvres, Cerate for the lips
    tion . The right cavities are most frequently -p: Ophthalmique ( Regent's,) Unguentum
    affected. ophthalmicum - p. Oxygénée, Unguentum acidi
    Pol'yPUS BRONCHIA'lis , Bronchlemmi'tis. A nitrosi - p. Stibiće, Unguentum antimonii tar
    membraniform secretion in the bronchial tubes , tarizati .
    of a diphtheritic character, having the shape, POMME, See Pyrus malusếp. d'Amour, So
    when expectorated, of the bronchia. It is the lanum lycopersicum -- p. Epineuse, Datura stra
    result of inflammation of the lining membrane monium - p. de Merreille, Momordica balsamica
    of those tubes. -p. Mousseuse, Bedegar-p.de Terre, Solanum
    POLYRRHIZON , Polypodium filix mas. tuberosum .
    POLYRRHA, Profluvium . POMMES HÉMORRHOIDALES. See Vis
    POLYSAR'CIA , from 202us , much ,' and cum album .
    dags , ' flesh .' Carnositas, Polysoma'tia , Adeli- POMMETTE. See Malæ os .
    pa’ria , Obes'itas, Corpulen'tia, ( q. v.,) Steati'tes. POMMIER , Pyrus malus .
    Excessive corpulency. Authors have distin- POMPH'OLYX , from nougos , ' a bladder.'
    guished two varieties of this :-Polysarcia car. A small vesicle on the skin . An eruption of
    nosa, Cor'pulency,( q. v. ,) and P. adipo'sa or rulle or blebs, appearing without any inflam
    Oves'ity, Hyperpim'ele, Liparia, Adipo'sis, Poly- mation around them , and without fever. It is
    sar'cia fagino'sa. A severe regimen and exer. the Ecphlysis Pompholyx of Good.
    cise are the best preventives. PomPHOLYX, Tutia, Zinci oxydum .
    POLYSOMATIA , Polysarcia . POMPION , Cucurbita pepo.
    POLYSPAS'TON , from toàvş, 'much ,' and POMUM ADAMI. The projection, formed 1
    Onau , ' I draw . ' A powerful instrument for by the thyroid cartilage in the neck , -of males
    reducing luxations . - Gorræus. particularly. It is so called from a notion, that
    POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA , see Worms it was caused by the apple sticking in the throat
    -p . Venarum , see Worms. of our first parent .
    POLYTRIC , Asplenium trichomanoides . Pomum HuEROSOLYMITANUM , Momordica bal
    POLYTRICHUM , from Touş, much, ' and samina - p. Melongenæ, see Solanum melon
    9015, hair.' Polyt'ricon , Polyt'richum vulga'rē, gena .
    Adian'thum au'reum , Golden Muiden -hair, ( F.) PONCTION, Puncturing.
    Perce- mousse . It is possessed of astringent PONDERA ET MENSURÆ , Weights and
    properties , and was forinerly given in diseases measures.
    of the lungs , and in calculous affections. PONGITIF , Pungent.
    POLYTRICUM COMMUNE , Asplenium PONS HEPATIS. See Lobulus anonymus.
    trichomanoides. Pons VA RO'LII, Corpus annula're, Proces'sus
    POLYTRO'PHIA , from nonus, ‘much ,' and annularis, Eminen'tia annularis,Varoli's bridyc,
    Abundant or excessive Nodus enceph'ali vel Cerebri, Cerebral protu'
    TQeQw, I nourish .'
    nutrition . berance , Mesoceph'alum , Protuberan'tia annula'
    POLYURIA, Diabetes. ris Willisii, Annularprotuberance.Aneminence
    POLYU'RICUS, from roavs, much ,' and at the upper part of the medulla oblongata,
    ovqov, “ urine.' Sauvages calls-- Ischuria poly. first described by Varolius. It is formed by
    urica -- a kind of ischuria, caused by accumula- the union of the crura cerebri and crura cere
    tion of urine in the bladder. belli.
    POMA CHINENSIA , see Citrus aurantium . POPLAR, AMERICAN , Liriodendron - p.
    POMACEUM , Cider . Black , Populus- p . Tree, Liriodendron-p.
    POMA'TUM , Pomma'tum , ( F. ) Pommade, Tulip -bearing, Liriodendron .
    (F.) Liparolé. A pharmaceutical preparation, POPLES, Garetum , Garretum , Ignys, Ignya,
    employed only externally ; which differs but the Ham, ( F.) Jarret. The posterior part of
    little from an ointment, except in having, ge- the knee joint. The ham forms, what is called ,
    nerally, less consistence. It is, generally,made the popliteal region.
    aromatic, and coloured render more agree
    to it . POPLITÉ, Poplitæus, muscle .
    able . POPLITE'AL, Poplita'us, from Poples, the
    Common Pomatum is made of lard, 12lbs; ham.' That which relates to the ham . A name
    suet, 4lbs ; essence, Zviij. given to various parts.
    PomaTUM AD LABIA DEMULCENDA , Cerate for 1. The POPLITEAL ARTERY- Popliteal por
    the lips -- p. Epispasticum flavum , Unguentum tion of the crural (Ch .) -- is really a continuation
    lyttæ medicatum aliud -p. Epispasticum viride of the feinoral, which changes its name on
    POPONAX 563 PORRIGO

    passing through the adductor magnus muscle. mouths of vessels, employed in taking up parts
    It descends a little obliquely outwards into the that have to enter the circulation .
    hollow of the ham , and extends from the com- Pores exist in the cuticle ; yet Humboldt,
    mencement of the lower third of the thigh to with a powerful magnifying-glass, was unable
    the end of the upper quarter of the leg, where to observe them. The pores of the skin have
    it terminates by dividing into the posterior tibial also been called spiracula.
    and peroneal arteries. In the ham, it gives off The Pori BILLA'RI are ducts, which receive
    the three superior articular arteries; and, at the the bile from the penicilli of the liver, and con
    top of the leg, the arteries of the gemini mus- vey it to the hepatic duct.
    cles or gemini branches, ( F. ) branches jumelles, POREIL’IGON. The scales which fall from
    the two inferior urticular arteries, and the tibi. iron when forged .- Ruland .
    alis antica.
    2. The PopLITEAL Vein has the same ar PORFIRETICUM. A copper mortar ; also
    rangement as the artery, behind which it is a rasp . - Ruland.
    situate. POROCEʼLE , from 1000 $, ' a callus ,' and
    3. The PopliteAL. Nerves. They result xnan , ' a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testicle
    from the bifurcation of thesciatic, and are two in or its envelopes .
    number, viz . 1. The external popliteal, Branche POROM'PHALON , from topos, ' hard,' and
    péronière, (Ch.) It is smaller than the internal; ou palos, ' the navel . ' Umbilical hernia with
    turns to the outside of the fibula at the upper hard and thickened parietes.
    part of the leg , and divides into the musculo- POROS, Canal .
    cutaneous branch , -nerf prétibio-digital, ( Ch .) POROSIS, Chalaza.
    and into the anterior tibial,-nerf pretibio-sus. POROTIC , Poroticus, from #wpos, “ callus.'
    phalangétaire, (Ch.) 2. The internal poplite'al A remedy believed to be capable of assisting the
    nerve , Branche tibiale, ( Ch . ) which is larger formation of callus.
    than the other, and seems to be the real con- PORPHURURIA , Urine , purpuric.
    tinuation of the sciatic nerve . It descends PORPHYRA , Purpura - p. Græcorum , Pe
    vertically into the hollow of the hanı ; and techiæ-p. Hæmorrhagica, ' Purpura hæmor
    passes beneath the aponeurotic arch of the rhagica .
    solaris muscle, beyond which it takes the PORPHYRIZATION , Levigation .
    name of tibial nerve. It furnishes the external POR'PHYRY , Porphyriſtes, from arogovo «,
    saphena nerve , and a number of branches, that purple.' A species of very hard , compound
    are distributed to the posterior muscles of the rock , susceptible of considerable polish, and
    leg. It then passes to the sole of the foot to used in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for
    be divided into two branches, called Plantar the apothecary.
    nerves . PORPHYRY, BLACK,Ophites .
    4. The PoplitÆUS MUSCLE, Muscle Jarretier, PORRA'CEOUS, Porraceus,Prasinus, from
    Fémoro.popliti-tibial, (Ch .) Subpoplitæus, ( F.) porrum , ' a leek .' Having the green colour of
    Muscle poplité, is seated in the popliteal region. the leek. An epithet given to certain excreted
    It is triangular, long, flat; and is inserted, on matters ; the sputa and fæces particularly.
    PORREAU, Allium porrum .
    the one hand , by means of a strong tendon, into
    the tuberosity at the outer condyle of thefemur, PORRECTUM, Lever.
    PORRET, Allium porrum .
    terior surfacebelow
    terminating Thispart
    the upper
    of theattibia. muscle pos.
    ofthebends PORRIGO , Tin'ea, Furfura'tio, Fur' fures ,
    the leg on the thigh,and,reciprocally, the thigh Pityri'asis, Ecpye'sis porrigo, Phlysis porrigo,
    on the leg. When the leg is bent, it causes it ( F.) Teigne, Rache. This is a contagious dis
    to turn , in rotation, inwards. ease , with the exception of the Porrigo larva
    POPONAX . See Pastinaca opoponax. lis, -and is principally characterized by an erup
    POPPY, CORN , RED, Papaver rheas - p. tion of the pustules, called favi and achores,
    Juice, Meconium - p. Spotling , Cucurbalus Be- unaccompanied by fever.
    hen - p. Thorn , ArgemoneMexicana - p.White, 1. Porrigo Larva'lis, Crusta lactea , Ecpyr
    Papaver - p. White, capsule, see Papaver. sis Porrigo crusta'cea , Achor, Tinea lactea , T.
    POPULA FERA , Herpes exedens. Faciei, Milky scall or Tetter, Lactu'men , ( F. )
    POPULUS, Populus nigra , Ægei'ros, Croute de lait, Croute laiteuse, Fêur volages.
    Achero'is, Black poplar , ( F. ) Peuplier noir. The This is, almost exclusively, a disease of infancy.
    young buds, oculi, or rudiments of the leaves, It commonly appears first on the forehead and
    which appear in the beginning of spring, were cheeks, in an eruption of numerous, minute,
    formerly used in an officinal ointment — the un- whitish achores on a red surface. These break
    guen'tum popule'um . It was, also, recommended and discharge a viscid Auid, which becomes in .
    in chronic affections of the lungs. crusted in thin , yellowish , or greenish scabs .
    PORCELAINE, Essera. The patches spread , until the whole face be
    PORCELLIO , Oniscus. comes, as it were , enveloped in a mask , ( hence
    PORCUS , Vulva. the epithet larvalis.) Sometimes the eruption
    PORDE , Crepitation. appears on the neck and breast; and , occasion.
    PORE, Porus, Inter'sliee. Anatomists have ally, on the extremities. In general , the health
    given this name to the openings at the ex. of the child does not suffer, but the eruption
    tremities of vessels at the surface of different is always attended with much itching and ir
    membranes. ritation .
    Erhalant Pores are those which terminate the The treatment consists in mild, tepid ablution ,
    extremities of arteries, and transmit the fluids and the application of gently stimulating oint
    exhaled, -Absorbent Pores being the absorbent ments , as of the oxydum zinci. The bowels
    PORRIGO 564 PORTA

    must be kept in a soluble state by small doses ties ; pea-sized ; Aattened at the top ; in clus
    of calomel , or by rhubarb and magnesia. ters, often uniting ; discharge, fetid ; scabs,
    The Porrigo FUR'FURANS, Ecpyesis porrigo honey.combed ; the cells filled with fluid. It
    farfura'cea, Tinen furfuracea, Tinea porrigino' occurs both in early and adult life.
    sa, Teigne furfurace ( Alibert) commences with The treatment, in this variety, must consist
    an eruption of small achores, the fluid of which in the exhibition of laxatives and the mildest
    soon concretes and separates in innumerable, stimulating ointments , such as the Ung. zinci,
    thin , laminated scabs , or scale-like exfoliations. Ung.hydrargyri præcipitat. alb., &c.
    It is attended with a good deal of itching and PORRUM , Allium porrum .
    some soreness of the scalp , to which the disease PORRUS , Sarcoma .
    is confined. It occurs chiefly in adults. PORTA , avân, Pyle , a gate.' The part of
    In the treatment, the scalp must be kept the liver, where its vessels enter as by a gate.
    shaved. The part must be washed repeatedly Also, the Vulva , (q . v .)
    with soap and water, and an oiled silk cap worn . Porta JECORIS , Porta vena.
    The nature of the ointments used must vary VENA PORTA, Vena porta , V. porta'rum ,
    according to the period of disease and the ir- Rama'lis vena , Jan'itrix , Vena magna seu que
    ritability of the part affected. The Zinc oint- ad portas est seu stelechia'a seu lactea seu ostia'
    ment ; --one made with the Cocculus indicus ; ria , Porta Jecoris, Porta , Vena arteriosa seu
    the Sulphur ointment ;-Citrine ointment and arteria'lis, Manus Jecoris seu hep'atis, Vena ad
    Ung. hydrargyri nitrico-orydi ; Tar ointment portas. The System of the vena porta or the
    and Niiric acid ointment have all been found
    useful . Should inflammation or discharge
    Abdom'inal venous system , (F.) Veine porte, is a
    vascular apparatus of black blood , situate in the
    arise, these applications must of course be in . abdomen, and resulting from two distinct orders
    termitted . of vessels , united into one common trunk .
    The PORRIGO Lupino'sa , Tinea lupi'na, Sca- 1. One of these trunks, much more extensive
    bies cap'itis, Ecpyesis porrigo lupino'sa ,consists than the other, has received the name Vena
    of minute puslules in small patches, mostly porta abdomina'lis, because it arises from all the
    commencing on the scalp ; the patches termi- organs enclosed in the cavity of the abdomen ,
    nating in dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine except the kidneys and bladder ; and in the fe
    seeds; the interstices often covered with a thin , male, the uterus.
    whitish, and exfoliating incrustation . It occurs The Abdominal rena porta has two principal
    chiefly in early life, and requires the same treat- roots ,—the splenic rein and the superior mesen
    ment as the last. teric, which have their ramifications in all the
    Porrigo SCUTULA’TA, Tinea granula'ta, Ec- digestive organs.
    pyesis porrigo galeata, Tinea fico'sa, Acho'res 2. The other trunk, destined solely to the
    seu scabies capitis, Ringworm of the scalp .Scalled liver, has been called the Hepat'ic vena porta .
    head . It commences with clusters of small, light, It appears to be a continuation of the abdominal
    yellow pustules, which soon scab off; and, if vena porta , and proceeds towards the inferior
    neglected , become hard by accumulation . If surface of the liver. Opposite the transverse
    the scabs are removed , the surface is left red fissure of that organ, it divides, like an artery ,
    and shining, but studded with slightly elevated into two branches, which, by their union , seem
    points. If not attended to, it involves the whole to form a canal or duct, called by some the Sinus
    head . of the rena porta. These branches are distributed
    It occurs in children 3 or 4 years of age, and in the substance of the liver, whither they are
    is very unmanageable , accompanied by a prolongation of the fibrous
    The rules laid down under the Porrigo fur. capsule of that organ ,-the capsule of Glisson .
    furans must be, here, still more perseveringly The different branches of the vena porta are
    enforced. The whole tribe of stimulating oint. devoid of valves .
    ments may be used in succession . No one will PORT E -AIGUILLE , Acutenaculum ; Needle
    always succeed, and hence the necessity of carrier, Needle bearer; from ( F.) porter, ' to
    change, provided advantage should not seem to carry,' and aiguille ,' a needle .' An instrument
    follow any particular application. The Unguen- foraccurately laying hold of a needle, and giving
    tum ad scabiem of Banyer sometimes succeeds , greater length , when it is so fine and small,
    when others fail. that it cannot be held by the fingers. It is of
    The Porrigo DECAL'vans, Tricho'sis area , steel or silver, about iwo inches long, and
    Area, Alope'cia areata, consists of patches of throughout the whole, almost, of its length ,
    baldness , without decay or change of colour in divided into two branches, so as to form a kind
    the surrounding hair, the exposed parts of the of forceps, capable of being closed by means of
    scalp being glabrous,white, and shining. The a sliding ring. A modification of this instru
    morbid condition sometimes spreads, so that ment has been devised by Dr. Physick , for
    the patches coalesce , rendering the baldness taking up deep -seated arteries, beyond the reach
    extensive . of a tenaculum or common needle. It consists
    The treatment consists in keeping thescalp of a forceps, so constructed as to hold in its ex
    cleared by constant shaving, and in the steady tremity a needle armed with a ligature. The
    application of some stimulating liniment or handles of the forceps are fastened together,
    ointment. temporarily, by a spring or catch ; and, when
    The Porrigo Favosa, Cerion , Favus, Eepye- the needle is fairly deposited beneath the vessel,
    sis porrigo farosa , Tinea farosa, Scabies capitis it is disengaged from the forceps and drawn out,
    farosa, Honey.comb Scall or Telter. (F. ) Teigne leaving the ligature behind , which can be tied
    faveuse . This consists in an eruption of pus without difficulty.
    Lules common to the head, trunk , and extremi. PORTE -BOUGIE, ( F.) A silver canula similar
    PORTE -FEUILLE 505 POTASH

    to that of a trocar,except that it is longer. It is finger , and is inserted into the inside of the
    used for conducting bougies into the urethra. tendon on the back of the fore finger. Its use
    PORTE -FEUILLE, Subscapularis. is to draw the fore finger inwards.
    Ponte-MECHE, (F.) from porter, to carry ,'
    PosTERIOR INDICIS PEDIS, Abductor Indicis
    An instrument for carry- Pedis. An external , interosseous muscle ,
    and mèche, ' a tent .'
    ing tents deeply into fistulous openings, or which arises from the contiguous sides of the
    sinuses , to the bottom of ulcers, & c . It is a metatarsal bones of the fore toe, and second of
    wire of silver or steel , four or five inches long, the small toes , and is inserted into the outside
    having a notch at one extremity, and a button of the root of the first bone of the fore toe. Its
    at the other . use is to pull the fore toe outwards .
    PORTE -Moxa. A small instrument for keep- POSTERIOR MEDII Dıg'ıtı MANUS . An ex
    ing the moxa applied to the part to be cauterized. ternal , interosseous muscle; which arises from
    It consists of a metallic ring -- separated fronı the the corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones
    skin by three small supports of ebony - to which of the middle and ring fingers ; and is inserted
    a long handle is adapted. into the inside of the tendon on the back of the
    Porte -PIERRE, Caustic bearer. An instru- middle finger . Its use is to draw the middle
    ment similar to a porte-crayon , for carrying the finger inwards .
    lunar caustic . Posterior Medu Dig'iti Pedis, Ad'ductor
    PORTE- SONDE. An instrument, resembling medii digiti pedis. An external, interosseous
    a porte -crayon, employed for holding the style muscle, which originates from the contiguous
    or sonde, and inserting it more readily into the sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and
    nasal duct, during the operation for fistula lach- third of the small toes, and is inserted into the
    rymalis . outside of the root of the first bone of the second
    PORTER , Cerevisia. of the small toes . Its use is to pull the toe out
    PORTIO DURA , Facial nerve . wards .
    Portio Media INTER PORTIO'NEM DURAM ET PosTERIOR Tertii Digiti, Adductor tertii
    PORTIONEM MOLLEM . A small nerve, which digiti. An external , interosseous muscle , which
    arises from the brain , between the origin of the arises from the contiguous sides of the metatar.
    portio dura and trunk of the portio mollis.- sal bones of the 3d and 4th of the small toes,
    Wrisberg. and is inserted into the outside of the root of the
    PORTION COSTO - TRACHELIENNE DU first bone of the third of the small toes. Its use
    SACRO -SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi - p. Ecail. is, to pull the toe outwards.
    leux ou squameur du temporal, Squamous por- POSTHE , Penis , Prepuce.
    tion of the temporal. POSTHIOPLASTIC , Posthioplas'ticus,from
    PORTION LOMBAIRE DU PLEXUS CRU . 2000kor, the prepuce,' and thaoon, : I form .'
    RAL , Lumbar plexus. An epithet applied to the operation for restoring
    PORTION GODRONNEE DE LA CORNE the prepuce .
    D'AMMON . A name given by Vicq d’Azyr to POSTHITIS, from rooftov, ' the prepuce ,'
    a small denticulated cord of a compact tissue and itis : - the termination for inflammation .
    and granular appearance , which unites the cornu Inflammation of the prepuce .
    ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle. POSTHONCUS , from 7700910v, the pre
    PORTONARIUM , Pylorus , Duodenum . puce ,' and oyxos , ' a tumour.' Swelling of the
    PORTƯLA'CA, Andrach'nē , Allium Galli- prepuce.
    cum , Portula'ca olera'cea , Purslane, (F. ) Pour.POSTPOSITIO . Delay in the return of a
    pier cultivé. This plant abounds with a watery paroxysm . It is opposed to anticipatio , which
    and somewhat acid juice ; and is often put into means the return of a paroxysm earlier than its
    soups or pickled with spices. It is regarded as accustomed hour.
    antiseptic and aperient. In this sense we speak of an anticipating and
    POSCA, Oxycrate . postponing intermittent.
    POSE , Coryza . PO'TABLE , Potab'ilis, Potimos, Potos, Posi
    POSIMOS, Potable . mos, drinkable.' Water is said to be potable,
    POSITION , FALSE , False position. when it contains atmospheric air ; is not brack
    6
    POSOL'OGY; Posolo'gia ; from , nooor, ish ; and has no mineral impregnation of con
    quantity ,' and doyos, a discourse .' Indication sequence .
    of the doses in which the different articles of POTASH. So called from the pots or vessels
    the materia medica ought to be exhibited . in which it was made ;-Potas'sa , Kali, Vegeta
    POSSET, Posse'tum ; from Posca , ( q . v .) ble alkali, Gastrinum .
    Milk curdled with wine or any acid or treacle. The Potash of COMMERCE , Potassa impu'ra ,
    A preparation of beer and milk . Zythog'ala . Impure potass, Alu'men cati'num, Cin'eres Rus'.
    POSTBRACHIALE , Metacarpus. sici , Subcar'bonas potas'sæ impu'rus, Potas' sæ
    POSTERIOR ANNULA'RIS . An external , car'bonas impurus,--the Pearlash of commerce
    interosseous muscle , which arises from the cor-is prepared from the ashes of land plants by
    responding sides of the metacarpal bones of the calcination , solution in water , filtration , and
    ring , and little finger, and is inserted into the evaporation. It usually consists of subcarbo
    inside of the tendon on the back of the ring nate of potass, sulphate of potass, muriate of
    finger. Its use is to draw the ring finger in- potass , silex, oxide of iron, &c.
    wards. From the ashes of lees of wine , and from vine
    POSTERIOR Auris , Retrahens auris. twigs a much purer alkali is obtained . It is
    POSTERIOR In'dicis Manus . An internal , in . called Cinis infecto'rius, C. frecum , Cin'eres cla
    terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner rella'ti, Alu'men fæcum , Cendres gravélées, Cen
    or ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore dies de sarment, Cineres grarelluti.
    POTASS 566 POTASSE

    Another variety of the alkali is afforded by calcis parata et ignefusa, Potassa cum calcem
    burning argol in a , crucible ; afterwards pow. p. Oxalas acidulum , Potass, oxalate of - p. Oxy
    dering and calcining it, till it is nearly white ; murias, P. murias hyperoxygenatns-p. Purze
    then dissolving in water, filtering, and evapo- fusæ hydras, Potassa fusa - p. et Soda tartras,
    rating. It is called Salt of tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Soda, tartrate of - p. Subcarbonas impurus, Pot
    Kali prapara'tum e tartaro, kali e tartaro, Sub- ash of commerce.
    car' bonus potassæ puris' simus, Potassæ Subcar- POTASSÆ ACE'Tas , Acetas kali, Orytar'larus,
    bonas e tartaro. Acetas lirio'iæ seu kalicum , Alcali tartari nce'to
    Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes, satura'tum, Alcali regeta'bile cum aceto, Magis
    dissolved in water, filtered and evaporated to te'rium tartari purgans, Terra folia'ta Tarlari,
    dryness, it affords another variety of vegetable Kali acetu'tum , sal diureticus, Sal Senner'ti,
    alkali, – the Sal absin'thii or Salt of wormwood. Ac"etate of potass, Arca'num tarlari. ( Potasse
    Impure potass is used for preparing the sub- subcarb. lbj, acid . acei . fort . Ibij, aquæ ibij . Mix
    carbonate for medical use . and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to satu
    POTASS , ACETATE OF , Potassæ acetas - rate the alkali. Then evaporate till a pellicle
    p. Bisulphate of, Potassæ supersulphas -- p. Bi- is formed, which is to be dried upon bibulous
    tartrate of, Potassæ supertartras - p. Carbonate paper ; evaporate again in a water bath, and ,
    of,Potassa carbonas-- p . Euchlorate of, Potassæ removing the pellicles , dry them .)
    murias hyperoxygenatus - p. Fused , Potassa It is generally cathartic and diuretic . Dose
    fusa-p . Hydriodate of, Potassæ hydriodas - p. 3j to zij or more.
    and Iron , tartrate of, Ferrum tartarizatum - p. PotassÆ CAR'BONAS, Kali uëra'tum , Bicar'.
    with Lime , Potassa cum calce -- p. Mephite of, bonas polasse , Deutocarbonas potas' sii, Carbo
    Potassæ subcarbonas - p. Muriate of, Potassæ nate of potass, Supercar'bonate of potass. This
    murias--p . Nitrate of, Potassæ nitras - p. Oxy- is not caustic , like the subcarbonate of potass,
    muriate of, Potassæ murias hyperoxygenatus — and hence, has been preferred to relieve acidity .
    p. Subcarbonate of, Potassæ subcarbonas — p. (Solution . potass . subcarb. cong. j . Pass carbo
    Sulphate of, Potassæ sulphas — p . Sulphate of, nic acid through the solution until it is satu
    acid, Potassæ supersulphas - p . Sulphuret of, rated , and filter. Evaporate at a heat, not ex
    Potassæ sulphuretum - p. Supercarbonate of, ceeding 120 °, and dry the crystals on bibulous
    Potasse carbonas -- p. Supersulphate of,Potasse paper. Ph.L.) Dose , gr. x to 388. It is used
    supersulphas -- p. Supertartrate of, Potassæ su- in forming the soda powders, as well as for its
    antacid properties
    pertartras -- p. Tartrate of, Potassæ tartras. .
    POTASSA, Potash , P. fusa - p. Acidulus , POTASSÆ HydrI'ODAS, Potassii Protohydri'
    Potass, oxalate of – p. Basicus , Potass, oxalate odas, Potas'sii protox'idi hydri'odas, Hydıi'odate
    of-p . Bicarbonas, P. carbonas - p. Carbonas, of potass. If a solution of potass be poured on
    P. subcarbonas --p. Carbonas impurus, Potash iodine in its metallic state, an iodate and hy .
    of commerce - p. Chloras, P. Murias hyperoxy- driodate are formed . These may be separated
    genatus - p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P.murias by means of alcohol , which only dissolves the
    hyperoxygenatus. latter of these salts . The hydriodate or rather
    Potas'sa cum Calce, Potass with lime, Calz the Jodide of Potassium, Kalium Ioda'tum , Kali
    cum kali puro, Caus'ticum commu'në for'tius, Hydriodin'icum , K. Hydriod'icum, Hydriodus
    Lapis inferna'lis sive sep'ticus, Kuli caus'ticum Ka'licus, Potassii Ioduretum, may be obtained
    cum calce , Potas'sa opē calcis para'ta et igne by evaporation . When the Jodide of Potassium
    fusa , Lapis caus'ticus, (F.) Potasse preparée is dissolved in water, it becomes the Hydriodate
    avec la chaur, P. à la chaur , Pierre a cautère. of Potassa. The hydriodate , of soda is made in
    (Liquor. potassa fbiij , calcis recent. ibj. Boil the the sameway. Virtues ,-those of iodine , ( q. v. )
    solution of potass to thj; then add the lime , PotassÆ MURIAS , Sal Digesti'cus vel Sal Fé
    slaked with water, and mix. Ph. L.) Used for brifugus Sylvii, Muriate of Potass, Spir'itus salis
    the same purposes as the next,but more ma- mari'ni coagula'tus. Biiter and refrigerant,
    POTASSA MURIAS HYPEROXYGENA'TUS, Po
    nageable ; being less deliquescent.
    POTASSÆ ET FERRI Tartras, Ferrum tartari- tassa Chloras, P. ožymu'rias, Oxymu'riate of
    zitum .
    potass, Euchlo'rate of potass , Alcali vegetabile
    Potassa Fusa , Potassa , Kali causticum , Fused salito-dephlogisticatum , Chloruretum potassæ ory
    potass, Causticum connmu'nē acer'rimum , Kali datum , Haloidum orygenatum , Oroge'no-chlo.
    purum , Al’kali pegeta'bile fixum caus'ticum , rure'tum potas'sii, Protochlorate of potassium ,
    Causticum alkali'num , C. commu'nē, C , poten. Kali chlor'icum , Chloras Kal'icus depura'tus.
    tia'lē, C. sali'num , Hydras kalicum , Hydras po. It has been regarded as antineuropathic , and as
    tas'sæ puræ fusa , Lapis caus'ticus, Lapis causti- an alterative purifier of the blood and humours.
    cus chirurgo'rum, Lapis inferna'lis alcali'nus,L. It is of doubtful efficacy . Dose 3 to 6 grains
    Septicus, Ruptoʻrium commu'nē (F.) Polasse or more .
    caustique. ( Prepared by evaporating the solu- POTAS'SÆ NitrAs , Nitrate of Potass, Nitrum ,
    tion of potass to dryness in an iron vessel.) Sal nitrum , Nitre, Saltpetre , Sal petre , Sulse'do
    This preparation is generally run into cylin- mucrum , Sanguin'ea , Berenic'ium , Halinitrum ,
    dricalmoulds, covered with paper, and kept in Protoni'trate of Potas'sium , Nitrate of protox'ide
    well corked vessels. It is powerfully escha- of Potas'sium, kali nit'ricum , Nitras kaľicum ,
    rotic, and is used for forming issues, curing Nätras lixiv'ia. Obtained from the putrefaction
    strictures , &c . of animal matters, in contact with calcareous
    POTAssa, flYDROBROMATE OF , see Bromine- or alkaline earths, by elixiviation; adding, if
    p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of-p . Hypertar- necessary , wood ashes to supply the alkaline
    tras, P. Supertartras - p: Impura, Potash of bases. It is formed, in an impure state, by na
    comierce - p. Liquida, Liquor potassæmp.Ope ture, in warm climates.
    POTASSÆ 567 POTATO

    It is diuretic and refrigerant , and , in large itch , tinea capitis , and other cutaneous affec
    doses , purgative ; externally , cooling and de- tions.
    tergent . Dose , gr. x to zss . In large doses , it PotassÆ SUPEROXALAS, Potass , oxalate of
    is an acrid poison . p. Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras -- p .
    PotassÆ Nitras Fusus SULPHA'Tis Paucil'. Tartras stibialis seu stibiosus, Antimonium tar
    Lo Mixtus ; Sal prunella, Crystallus minera'lis, tarizatum .
    Nitras potassæ cum sulphurē fusus, Nitrum ta- POTASSE SUPERSUL'Phas, Supersul phate of
    bula'tum , Lapis prunella, Sore throat salt, Potass, Sal febrif'ugus of Lem'ery,Acid Sulphate
    Min'eral crystal, Anodynum minera'le. Nitrate of Potass, Bisulphate of Potass,Super-proiosul
    of potass , mixed with a little sulphate of
    potass phate of Potas'sium . ( The salt remaining after
    and run into moulds. Its properties are those the distillation of nitric acid , dissolved, strained ,
    of nitre . and crystallized.) It is refrigerantand purgative.
    PotassÆ Ox'alas , Superox'alate of Protox'- Dose 3ss to zij.
    ide of Potus'sium , Or'alas Acid'ulum Potas'sæ POTASSA SUPERTAR'TRAS IMPU'Rus, Tartarus
    seu Potus'sæ acid'ulusseu bus'icus, Superoz'alas crudus, Tartarum , Lapis Vini Magneti'nus, Pe.
    kal'icum , S. Potassa , Hyperorulas Potassa , Sal dagra, ( F.) Tartre cru , T. brut. It is called ,
    Acetosella , Oxa'lium , kali oral'icum acidulum, also, Tartarum rubrum when obtained from red
    Or'alas subpotas'sicus, Oxalate of Potass, Salt wines,and Red Argol; Tartarum album or White
    of sorrel. Prepared from the juice of wood Argol , when from white wines.
    sorrel . Tartar is the saline deposit from wines as they
    It is refrigerant and is used to make lemon- become aged ; which attaches itself to the sides
    ade , & c . of the casks and bottles, in which they are kept.
    PotassÆ SUBCAR'BONAS, Subcar'bonas Kali,It consists of a considerable quantity of acidu
    Carbonas Potassa ,kalipreparatum , Sal Herba'- lous tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica,
    rum , Calca'reous Tartar, Sal Planta'rum , Sub- alumen, oxyd of iron , maganesc, and a red co
    carbonate of Potass, Sal Tartari, Sal Absin'thii, louringmaiter,if the wine be red . It is chiefly
    Mephite of potass ,& c. (See Potash .) A fil- used for the preparation of cream of tartar.
    tered solution of the impure subcarbonate, eva- POTASSÆ SUPERTAR'TRAS, Crystal'li Tartari,
    porated to dryness. Ph. L.) This deliques. Tartras Acid’ulus Potassa purus, Supertar'trute
    cent salt is given in the same cases as the po- of Protor'ide of Potas'sium , Bitartrate of Potass ,
    tassa carbonas, than which it is more caustic Hypertartras Potasse, Turtras superpotas'sicus,
    disagreeable .
    andThe T. subpotas'sicus, Crystals of Tartar, Cremor
    Parisian codex has a Subcarbonas Potasse Tartari , Cream of Tarlar (when in powder ,)
    er tartaro combusto , vulgo Sal Tarturi ;-a Sub- Supertar'trate of Potass. ( F.) Crème de Tartre.
    carbonas l'otassa er deflagrantibus simul tartrate ( The tartar of wine purified .) It requires 120
    acidulo et Nitrate Potasse paratus, vulgo Nitrum parts of water at 60° to dissolve it. It is mildly
    ez tartaro fixum ,-and a Subcarbonas Potassa er purgative, refrigerant, and diuretic. Dissolved
    deflagrante cum Carbonibus Nitrate Potassa pa. in water, with a small quantity of white wine ,
    ratus, vulgo Nitrum fixum . They are all used some sugar and lemon peel, it forms an agree .
    like the preceding . able beverage in febrile diseases, under the name
    Potass A SUL.Puas, Kali vitriola'lum , Sulphas of imperial . Dose, as a diuretic , 3j to zij ; as a
    Kuli, kali sulphu'ricum , Lixidia vitriolu'ta, Ni. purgative zss to 3j.
    trum ritriolatum Schroedd'ri, Sal Sapien'tia , Sal PotassÆ TARTRAS, Kali tartariza'tum , Alcali
    Tar'tari Sulphura'lum , Specificum Paracelsi, fixum tartarisatum , Tartarum solu'bile, Tartarus
    Spiritus vitrioli coagula'tus Mynsichti, Proto tartarizatus, Liriv'ia Turtarisa'ta, Sal Panchres'.
    sulph'ate of Potas'sium , Aľkali vegeta'bile vitrio- tum , Tartras kalinus, T. lirid'iæ , Sal regetab'ilis,
    lutum , Sal de duobus, Arca'num duplica'tum , Alkuli vegetabile turtarizatum , Tartrate of Pot
    Nätrum vitriola'tum , Tartarum vitriolatum Pa- ass, Salt of Tartar . A saline cathartic in the
    nace'a Ducis Holsa'tie , Punace'a duplicata, Sal dose of zij to zj.
    Polychrestus, Sulphate of Potass. ( The salt, POTASSE CAUSTIQUE, Potassa fusa-p.à la
    that remains after the distillation of nitric acid , Chaux, Potassa cum calce - p. Liquide, Liquor
    dissolved; the excess of acid saturated with sub- potasse -- p. Preparée avec la chaux, Potassa cum
    carbonate of potass and crystallized.) Purgative calce .
    and diuretic. Dose gss to 3j as a laxative ; 358 PotassU DEUTO -CARBONAS, Potassa carbo
    to zvj , as a purge . nas -- p. Ioduretum , see Potassæ hydriodas—p.
    POTASSE SULPHAS CUM SUL'PHURE; Sal Po. Oxygeno-chloruretum , Potassæ murias hyper
    lychrestus Glasc'ri, Lirit'ia Vitriolu'ta Sulphu'- oxygenatus— p. Protohydriodas, Potasse hydrio
    rea. (Formed by deflagrating nitrate of potass das - p. Proloxidi hydriodas, Potassæ hydriodas.
    with sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues as the POTASSIUM , IODIDE of, see lodine- p. Iodide
    last. Dose , gr. xv to xxx . of , see Potassie hydriodas--p. Todo -hydrargyrate
    PotassÆ SULPHURE'TUM, Kali sulphuretum , of, see lodine-p. Protoarsenite of, Arsenite of
    Hepar Sulphuris salinum , H. sulphu'ris vulga'rē, protoxide of potassium-p. Protochlorate of,
    Sulphure'tum liriv'iæ , S. kal'icum , Hepar Sulpku. Potassæ murias hyperoxygenatus - p. Protoni
    ris, Lirer of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) trate of, Potassæ nitras – p. Protoxide of, nitrate
    Foie de Soufre. (Sulphur: lot. 3j , Potassa Sub- of, Potassæ nitras - p. Protoxide of, superoxalate
    carb. 5ij. Rub them together and place the of, Potass , oxalate of-p . Protoxide of, super.
    mixture in a covered crucible upon the fire tartrate of, Potasse supertartras-- p. Protosul
    until they unite .) It has been employed, in phate of, Potassæ sulphas - p. Superprotosul
    affections of the chest, as an expectorant, in phate of, Potassæ supersulphas.
    the dose of from 3ss or 3j , largely diluted ; but POTATO , Solanum tuberosum -- p. Fly , Lytla
    it is chiefly used as a bath or wash in cases of vittata -- p. Spanish , Convolvulus batatas - p.
    POTELÉE 568 POUS

    Sweet, Convolvulus batatas-p . Vine, wild, ipecacuanhæ compositus-p.do Jalap composée,


    Convolvulus panduratus - p. Wild, Convolvulus Pulvis jalapæ compositus--p. de Kino composée,
    panduratus. Pulvis kino compositus - p. de Pérard, Pulvis
    POTELEE, Hyoscyamus. de sendâ scammonio et lignis - p. de Quer
    POTENTIA , Force. cetanus, Pulvis e gummi guttâ - p. de Saint
    POTENTIAL, Potentia'lis. An epithet for Ange, Pulvis asari compositus - p: de Savon
    remedies, which , although energetic , do not act végétale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus - p. de
    till some time after their application. The caus- Scammonée composée, Pulvis scammoneæ com
    tic alkalies , for instance, are called Potential positus - p. de Séné composée, Pulvis sennæ
    cauteries in contradistinction to the hot iron , comp.-p. de Sentinelli Magnesiæ carbonas - p.
    which is termed actual . Styptique, Pulvis sulphatis alumine compositus
    POTENTIL'LA ANSERI'NA, Argentine , -p. Temperante de Stahl, Pulvis de sulphate
    Chenobos'con , Argenta'ria , Anseri'na, Silver potassæ compositus - p. de Valentini, Magnesiæ
    Weed , Wild Tansey. ( F.) Argentine , Potentille. carbonas - p. Vermifuge mercuriclle, Pulvis e
    The leaves are mildly astringent and tonic. sulphureto hydrargyri nigro et scammonio - p.
    POTENTIL'LA REPTANS, Pentaphyllum , Quin- Vermifuge sans mercure, Pulvis ex helmintho
    quefo'lium , Common cinquefoil. ( F.) Quinte - corto compositus.
    feuille. The roots are possessed of astringent POULAIN , Bubo.
    properties. POULET (VIN DE,) ( F. ) Pullet Wine. A
    POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella disgusting preparation , made by infusing the
    saxifraga . excrement of the pullet in white wine. Ac
    POTEX , Anus. cording to Nysten , it is employed by the vulgar
    POTHOS FETIDA , Dracontium fætidum . in France in a number of diseases, and espe
    POTIMOS , Potable . cially in falls, contusions, & c .
    POTIO CALCIS CARBONATIS , Mistura POULIOT, Mentha pulegium .
    cretæ -- p. Effervescens anti-emetica, Potion of POULS, Pulse - p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior
    Riverius - p. Leniens, Looch ex ovo - p. Oleosa , -p.des Adultes, Pulse, natural - p. Agité, Pulsos
    Looch ex ovo-p. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris. fortis - p. Bas, Pulse, low-p. Capital, Pulse ,
    POTION , Potio; from poto , 1 drink . ' A nasal - p . Combiné, Pulse , complex - p. Com
    liquid medicine, from 4 to 8 ounces or more in pliqué, Pulse , complex - p: Composé, Pulse,
    quantity, the composition of which varies, and complex - p: Concentré, Pulse, contracted - p.
    which is administered in divided doses. li cor. défaillant, Pulsus, deficiens - p. Deprimé, Pulse ,
    responds to the English mixture . (q. v. ) depressed-p.de la Diarrhée, Pulse, intestinal
    Potion PECTORALE , Looch ex ovo. p . Dur, Pulse, hard -p . Elevé, Pulse, ardent - p.
    POTION OF Rive'rius . A mixture of Lemon Embarrassé, Pulsus intricatus- p. de l'Estomac,
    Juice and Subcarbonate of Potass,-generally Pulse, stomachal- p. Étroit,Pulsus strictus - p.
    given in a state of effervescence. It is the Polio de l'Expectoration, Pulse, pectoral - p. Faible,
    efferres'cens anti-emetica, dicta Rive'rii, of the Pulse , feeble - p. du Foie, 'Pulse, hepatic - p.
    Parisian codex . The name, in the codex, indi- Grand, Pulse, large-p: Insensible, Pulsus de
    cates its use. ficiens - p: Intercadent, Pulse, intermittent-p .
    POTIRON , Cucurbita pepo. des Inlestins, Pulse , intestinal - p . Languissant,
    POTOS , Potable. Pulse, languid - p. Lent, Pulse, slow-p: de la
    POTUS , Drink - p. Hippocraticus, Claret. Matrice, Pulsus uterinus-p. Modéré, Pulse na
    POU , Pediculus. tural-p . Mou , Pulse , soft - p . de Nez , Pulse ,
    POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus. nasal - p. Ondoyant, Pulse, undulating - p. On
    POUDRE, Powder, Pulvis - p. Absorbante et dulant, Pulse , undulating - p. Palpitant, Pulse,
    anti-acide, p . Pulvis de magnesiâ compositus- tremulous - p. Parfait, Pulse, natural — p. Petit,
    p.
    d'Alun composée, Pulvis sulphatis aluminæ Pulse, small - p. Plein, Pulse, full - p. Precipité,
    compositus - p .Antiarthritique amère, Pulvis de Pulse , frequent - p. Profond, Pulse, deep - p.
    amaris compositus - p. Antiasthmatique, Pulvis Prompt, Pulse, sharp - p.Rare, Pulse, slow
    de sulphure et scilla - p. Antimoniule composée P: Rebondissant, Pulsus dicrotus - p. Redoublé ,
    ou de James, Antimonial powder-p. Aroma- Pulsus dicrotus - p.des Regles, Pulsus uterinus
    tique, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus-p. d'Asa- - p.Roide , Pulse, tense - p. Serratile, Pulsus er
    rum composée dite sternutatoire, Pulvis asari rinus, Serré , Pulse, " contracted - p. de la
    compositus - p. Balsamique, Pulvis myrrhæ Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis - p. Tardif, Pulse , slow
    compositusmp. de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro -p. Tendu, Pulse, tense - p. Tremblant, Pulse ,
    compositus - p. de Cannelle composée, Pulvis tremulous- p: de l'Urine, Pulsus urinalis - p.
    cinnamomi compositus - p. Cathartiqué, Pulvis Véhément, Pulsus fortis — p . Ventral, Pulsus in.
    scammoneæ compositus - p. de Chypre, see ferior - p. Vide, Pulsus vacuus - p. Vif, Pulse ,
    Cladonia rangiferrina -- p. du Comte de Palme, sharp -- P: Vite, Pulse , sharp .
    POUNCE, Sandarac.
    Magnesiæ carbonas - p. Cornachine, Pulvis cor
    nachini--p.de Corne brulée arec l'Opium , Pulvis POUND, Libra , Litra, aitoa, Lat. Pondo ,
    cornu usti cum opio - p. de Craie composée, see Bage'dia, ( of twelve oz. , Barda'dia , (F.) Livre ,
    Pulvis cretæ compositus - p . deCraie composée from pon'derë, ' to weigh .' A weight, consist
    avec opium, Pulvis cretæ compositus cum opio ing of twelve ounces troy, or sixteen ounces
    --p. de Dover, Pulvis ipecacuanha compositus avoirdupois. See Weights and Measures.
    ---p.de Gomme adragunt composée, Pulvis tra POURPIER CULTIVE, Portulaca.
    gacanthæ compositus - p. de Gomme gutte, Pul POURPRE BLANC, Miliary fever.
    vis e gummi gutta - p: Hydragogue, Pulvis e POURRITURE D'HÔPITAL, Hospital gan
    gummi gullâ-p: Incisive , Pulvis de sulphure grene.
    POU Pes .
    et scilla - p. d'Ipecacuanha et opium , Pulvis S,
    1

    POUSSE 569 PRECURSORY

    POUSSE, Purginess. PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon


    POWDER, ( F.) Poudre. See Pulvis. apothecary .
    POWDER OF Aloes, compound , Pulvis aloes PRAEBIUM , Dose.
    compositus - p. Alum , compound , Pulvis sul. PRÆCIPITANS MAGNUM , Sepia .
    phatis aluminæ compositus - p. of Aloes with PRÆCIPITATUM ALBUM , Hydrargyrum
    canella, Pulvis aloes cum canella- p . Antimo- præcipitatum .
    nial , Chenevix's, Antimonial powder-p . of PRÆCIPITATUS RUBER, Hydrargyri ni.
    Arum , compound , Pulvis de aro compositus- trico -oxydum .
    p. of Asarabacca, compound , Pulvis asari com- PRÆCISIO, Circumcision .
    positus-p . of Bladder -wrack , yellow , Pulvis PRÆCOCIĀ , Prunus Armeniaca.
    quercus marine- p. Bleaching, Calcis chlori. PRÆCOCITY , Præotia.
    dum- p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta - p. PRÆCOGNITIO, Prognosis.
    Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona - p . of Chalk, PRÆCOR'DIA , from præ , ' before ,' and cor,
    compound , Pulvis cretæ compositus - p. of the heart.' The diaphragm : (q. v .) also, the
    Chalk with opium , compound , Pulvis cretæ abdominal viscera , and the epigastrium .
    compositus cuin opio- p . of Cinnamon, com- The Præcor'DIAL RE'gion is the epigastric
    pound, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus -- p. of region. Also, and more properly, the region
    Contrayerva, compound, Pulvis contrayerve of the heart .
    compositus- p. Countess's, Cinchona-p. Coun. PRÆCORDIUM , Fossette du caur .
    tess of Kent's, Cantianus pulvis - p. Cyprus, PRÆCOX MATURITAS, Preotia .
    Hibiscus abelmoschus - p. Dover's, Pulvis ipe- PRÆDICTIO , Prognosis.
    cacuanhæ compositus- p. Earl of Warwick's, PRÆFOCATIO, Orthopnea, Suffocation-
    Pulvis cornachini . p . Faucium , Angone - p . Matricis , Hysteria .
    PowdER OF FAYNARD . A celebrated powder PRÆFOCATION , Strangulatio uterina.
    for arresting hemorrhage , said to be nothing PRÆGNANS, Pregnant.
    more than the charcoal of beech wood finely PRÆGNATIO , Pregnancy .
    pulverized. PRÆGUSTATIO , Avant-gout.
    POWDER FEver , Schwanberg's, Antimonial PRÆUENSIO , Prehension . 1

    powder - p. Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber PRÆLINGUA . The anterior part or tip of
    --p. Gout, Duke of Portland's — p . Pulvis Duci , the tongue.
    Portlandiæ - p. of Burnt hartslorn with opium , PRÆLUM , Press .
    Pulvis cornu cervi cum opio - p. Ipecacuanha PRÆLUMBARIS , Prelumbar.
    compound , Pulvis ipecacuanhæ compositus -- p. PRÆPARATIO, Preparation.
    of Jalap, compound , Pulvis jalapæ compositus PRÆPARATUM , Preparation.
    -p. James's , factitious, Antimonial powder- PRÆPOTIO , Propotismos.
    p . Jesuits ' , Cinchona - p. of Kino, compound, PRÆPUTIUM , Prepuce .
    Pulvis kino compositus - p. Lemonade, see PRÆSCRIPTIO , Prescription .
    Lemonade - p. of Magnesia, compound, Pulvis PRÆSEPIOLUM , Alveolus.
    de magnesiâ compositus -- p. of the Marquis, PRÆSEPIUM , Alveolus.
    Marchionis pulvis-p . Mead's , against the bite PRÆSERVATORIA INDICATIO . A pre
    of a Mad dog, Pulvis antilyssus - p. Myrrh , servative indication : one proper for preventing
    compound , Pulvis myrrhæ compositus — p. the development of disease.
    Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum PRÆSPINALIS , Prespinal .
    aloe - p. Scammony , compound, Pulvis scam- PRÆTIBIALIS , Pretibial .
    moniæ compositus - p . of Senna, compound, PRASINUM VIRIDE , Cupri subacetas.
    Pulvis senne compositus - p: Sneezing, see PRASINUS, Porraceous .
    Veratrum album-p. Spruce beer, see Spruce PRASI'TES, frompra'sium, ' horehound .'
    beer -- p. Tennant's, Calcis chloridum - p. Wine, in which the leaves of horehound have
    Tooth , Dentifriciun. - p. Tragacanth , con- been infused .
    pound, Pulvis tragacanthæ compositus . PRASIUM, Marrubium.
    POWDERS , SODA. Soda carb . 3ss,in each blue PRASUM , Allium Prasum .
    paper; tarturic acid , gr . xxv ,in each whit e pape r ; PRAXIS , Action .
    for half a pint of water. A pleasant , cooling PRECIPITATE , RED , Hydrargyri nitrico
    drink ; taken during the effervescence. oxydum - p.white , Hydrargyrum præcipitatum .
    POWER, Faculty-p. Inherent, Irritability PRECIPITA"TIOŇ, Præcipitatio. (F.) Pré
    --p. Tonic , Irritability . cipité. The action by wbich a body abandons
    POX , Syphilis, Variola - p.Chicken , Vari- a liquid in which it is dissolved; and becomes
    cella- p. French, Syphilis -- p . Noddle , Syphilo- deposited the bottom of the vessel . The
    mania - p. Small, Variola -- p. Swine, see Vari- matter so thrown down , or precipitated , is call
    cella -- .p . Water, see Varicella . ed a precipitate.
    POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. P. PŘÉCIPITATION DE LA MATRICE, Pro.
    is in the neighbourhood of Naples . The springs cidentia uteri.
    are, 1. Acqua della pietra , Temp. 91 ° Fah. 2. PRÉCIPITÉ BLANC , Hydrargyrum præci.
    Acqua di Caralcanti, Temp. 1000, A. di subreni pitatum .
    homini, Temp. 1020, A. del cantarello, Temp. eG PRECUR'SORY, Præcurso'rius ; from pre,
    to 89 ; and that of the Temple of Serapis in before ,' and curro, ' I run . ' That which pre
    Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107. The last contains cedes .
    carbonic acid , carbonates of lime, magnesia , PRECUR'SORY or PREMONITORY Signs or
    alumina, and iron , carbonate of soda, muriate SYMPTOMS, (F.) Signes précurseurs, S. avani
    of soda , sulphate of lime , and silica. coureurs, are those which indicate an approach .
    PRACTICE OF PHYSIC , utics . ing disease.
    72
    PREDISPOSITION 570 PREGNANCY

    PREDISPOSI" TION, Prædispositio, from which the ovum has escaped into the cavity of
    præ , before ,' and dispon' ere, ' to dispose.' the abdomen .
    That constitution or condition of the body , PREGNANCY, Arc'tal , Pregnancy without a
    which disposes it to the action of disease un- fætus, ( F.) Grossesse afætale , G. sans fætus.
    der the application of an exciting cause . Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate
    Thus, in hereditary diseases , the conforma. conception , or any other affection, which has
    tion is such, that but a slight exciting cause given place to unusual development of the
    may be required to produce them . uterus . Madame Boivin includes in this class,
    When the disease arises , solely , from the Sarco - hysteric, hydro-hysteric, gazo hysteric, and
    predisposition, or under the additional influ. hemato-hysteric pregnancies, (q . v .)
    ence of an extremely slight, exciting cause, it PREGNANCY , BIGEM'INAL, (F.) Grossesse bi
    is , by some , termed a disposition. géminale, Double pregnancy. Pregnancy , in
    PREDOR'SAL, Prædorsa'lis, from pre, which
    before , ' and dorsum , ' the back . '
    vin.
    there are twins in utero . — Madame Boi
    The PRÆDORSAL REGION of the vertebral PREGNANCY, COMPLEX, ( F.) Grossesse com
    column is the anterior surface of the dorsal re- plexe, G. inter -extra-utérine, is when the womb ,
    gion . besides a fætus, contains much water, hyda
    PRÉ-DORSO ATLOIDIEN, Longus colli . tids, a inole, &c .
    PRE DORSO CERVICAL , Longus colli . PREGNANCY, COMPOUND , ( F.) Grossesse com
    PREGNANCY, Ctcro-gesta'tio, Prægna'tio, posée, is when there are two or three fætuses
    Imprægna'tio, Gravid'itas, En'cymon, Cyesis, in the cavity of the uterus.
    Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Cyophoʻria, Gesta'tion, PREGNANCY, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal.
    Fæta'tion. (F.) Grossesse. The state of a fe- PREG'Nancy, False, Gravid'itas spuria , (F.)
    male who has , within her ovary or womb, a Grossesse fausse ou apparente, l'seudocyd sis .
    fecundated germ , which gradually becomes de- Authors have called thus different affections of
    veloped in the lailer receptacle . When placed a more or less serious character , which resem
    in the cavity of the uterus,-by virtue of the ble pregnancy ; so as, at times,to impose upon
    vital principle which animates it, it becomes the best informed practitioners. These diseases
    attached to the inner surface of that viscus , may be seated in the uterus or its dependen
    and obtains from it indirectly the nutriment , cies ; in the intestines or some other part of
    necessary for its gradual development, during the abdomen . They may be:-a mole, hyda
    the space of lunar months or 280days , - tids , water, blood , or polypus distending the
    the ordinary term of gestation, although the parietes of the uterus :-chronic enlargement
    period may be protracted perhaps to 300 days ,of the uterus ; the development of tumours,
    --at the expiration of which parturition occurs.
    & c., in its substance :-scirrhus; dropsy of the
    Pregnancy is commonly limited to a single ovaria ; ascites ; tympanites, &c .
    fætus ; at times , the uterus contains two or PREGNANCY , FETAL, ( F.) Grossesse fætale.
    three.-See Reproduction. Occasionally, one Pregnancy, in which there is a fætus, or more
    or two moles — the degenerated products of con- than one , in the uterus or out of it. Madame
    ception - alone occupy the uterus :-at other Boivin puts in this class — the solitary, bigemi
    times, a fætus likewise exists. In certain cases, nal, trigeminal, and surco-fætal pregnancies,
    and owing to accidental circumstances , the fe- which form the first order ; and the tubal , ova
    cundated ovum_remains in the ovarium , or is rial, and abdominal, which constitute the second .
    arrested in the Fallopian tube . PREGNANCY, GAZO -HYSTERIC, ( F. ) Grossesse
    Pregnancy has , accordingly , been distin- | Gazo - hystérique . A fætal pregnancy ,caused by
    guished into , 1. Natural or uterine, when the development of air or gas in the cavity of the
    fætus is carried in the cavity of the womb: womb . - Madame Boivin .
    and , 2. Preternatural or extra -uterine, Paracyd'. PREGNANCY, HEMATO-HYSTERIC , (F .) Grossesse
    sis seu Eccye'sis, Dysto’cia , Dyscye'sis extra-ute- hémato -hystérique. A fætal pregnancy, caused
    ri'na,- when it occurs in the ovarium , tube, or by accumulation of blood in the uterus.-Mad .
    cavity of the abdomen . Boivin .
    During pregnancy , the female experiences PREGNANCY , HYDRO- HYSTERIC , (F. ) Grossesse
    remarkable changes in the condition of her or. hydro -hystérique. A fætal pregnancy, occa :
    gans and functions. The genital apparatus is , sioned by the secretion and accumulation of
    of course, most affected. The uterus changes serous fluid in the uterus.
    its shape, situation , size, and texture . PREGNANCY , INTERSTITIAL, Gravid'itas in
    The usual signs of pregnancy are ,-sup- uteri substan'tiâ, Gravid'itas interstitia'lis. The
    pression of the catamenia ; the abdomen gra- development of the embryo in the proper sub
    dually enlarging and forming a hard tumour; stance of the uterus . The case generally ter
    the umbilicus prominent in the latter months ; minates fatally at an early period of gestation :
    the breasts increasing in size ; the areola round the thin external paries of the uterus being
    the nipple becoming darker and the follicles ruptured, and the ovum passing into the abdo
    more developed ; a bluish tint of the vagina minal cavity .
    after the 4th week ; about the 5th month , the PREGNANCY, MORBID , Paracye'sis, Dystd cia ,
    evidence by Ballottement, (q . v . ) and the pla- Dyscye'sis. The progress of pregnancy dis
    cental soutjie and soundof the fætal heart heard turbed or endangered by the supervention of
    on auscultation ; the motion of the fætus per general or local disorder. - Good.
    ceptible , and the neck of the uterus diminish- PREGNANCY, OVARIAL, ( F. ) Grossesse orari
    ing in length at the advanced periods . enne ou de l'oraire, Eccye'sis ova'ria . Preg
    PREGNANCY ABDOM'INAL, Eccye'sis abdomi- nancy in which the fætus is developed in the
    na'lis.( F. ) Grossesse abdominale . That in interior of the ovary .
    PREGNANT 571 PRESCRIPTION

    PREGNANCY, PRETENDED. The criminal act | surface of the cutaneous layer till beyond the
    of a female, who , not having been delivered, glans, when it is reflected over the latter ; form
    presents an infant as having been born of her. ing, behind the corona , a small cul- de- sac above
    (F. ) Supposition de part. (This term ,in French, the corpora cavernosa, which is interrupted by
    likewise includes ihe case of a female, who, a triangular duplicature of the mucous mem
    having been delivered of a dead child , substi- brane, called the frænum , fixed in the furrow at
    tutes for it a living child which is not hers.] the inferior part of the glans, and terminating
    PREGNANCY, SARCO -FETAL, ( F.) Grossesse at a little distance from the orifice of the ure
    sarco -fætale. Pregnancy, in which there are thra. The clitoris is covered by a semilunar
    one or more fætuses, and one or more moles.- fold formed by a continuation of the skin of the
    Mad . Boivin . labia. It is called Præpu'tium clitor'idis,
    PREGNANCY , SARCO-HYSTERIC , (F.) Grossesse PRESBYOPIA , Presbytia .
    Sarco -hystérique. A fætal pregnancy formed PRESBY'TIA, Presbyo'pia , Amblyo'pia
    by moles, hydatids, or a false conception.- prorimo'rum , Visus seni'lis , (F. ) Vue longue,
    Mad . Boivin. from Apeopus, ' an old person . ' Condition of
    PREGNANCY , SOLITARY, ( F.) Grossesse soli- vision, common in old persons , and which con
    taire ou simple . Pregnancy in which there is sists in the circumstance of near objects being
    a single fætus . - Mad . Boivin . confusedly seen , whilst those at a greater dis
    PREGNANCY, TRIGEM'INAL, (F.) Grossesse tri. tance are clearly distinguished . It is supposed
    géminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which there to depend generally on diminution of the con
    are three fætuses in the cavity of the uterus.- vexity of the cornea ; whence results an al
    Mad. Boivin , teration in the convergency of the rays, so that
    PREGNANCY , Tubal, (F.) Grossesse tubaire, they form a focus behind the retina. This de
    Eccye'sis tubd'lis. Pregnancy where the fætus fect is remedied by the use of convex glasses,
    remains and is developed in the Fallopian tube. which augment the convergence of the luminous
    PREGNANCY , UTERO -ABDOM'INAL, (F. ) Gros- rays.
    sesse utéro -abdominale. Pregnancy consisting It is, also, called Long-sightedness, Parop'sis
    of two fætuses; one in the uterus--the other longin 'qua , Dyso'pia prorimo'rum .
    in the abdominal cavity .— Mad . Boivin. PRESCRIPTION ,Præscriptio, Anagʻraphe,
    PREGNANCY , UTERO-ova’RIAL , (F.) Grossesse from pre, “ before,' and scrib'erë, “ to write.
    utéro-ovarienne. Pregnancy with two fætuses, Formula , (F.) Formule, Ordonnance. The for.
    one in the womb - the other in the ovary. mula which the physician writes for the com
    PregnANCY, UTERO-TUBAL, (F.) Grossesse position of medicine, adapted to any case of
    utéro - tubairc.Pregnancy in which there is, disease. A prescription should be as simple as
    at the same time, a fætus in the womb and possible , and should bear, upon its face , the
    another in the Fallopian tube . evidence of the objects to be fulfilled by it. No
    PREGNANT, Pragnans, Encar'pos, (F.) article should form part of it,unless adapted for
    Enceinte. One in a state of pregnancy ;-one serving some useful purpose .
    with child . A prescription has been divided into four
    PREHENSIO , Catalepsy , Epilepsy. parts :
    the basis or principal ingredient of the
    PREHENSION, Prahensio, from prehen'. prescription ; the ad'juvans, or that which is
    dere, ' to lay hold of.' designed to promote the action of the former ;
    PREHENSION OF Food is the act of carrying the cor'rigens,or that intended to correct its
    it to the mouth, and introducing it into that operation or obviate any unpleasant symptom,
    cavity. It is , also, called Assumptio, Proslep'- which it may be apt to produce ; and the con.
    sis, Pros'phora. stit'uens, excipient, or substance which gives to
    PRELE, Hippuris vulgaris. the other ingredients consistence or forin . All
    PRÉLOMBAIRE, Prelumbar. these are seen in the following formula for ca.
    PRÉLOMBO -PUBIEN, Psoas parvus -p . thartic pills :
    Trochantin , Psoas magnus .
    B
    PRELUM , Press. Aloes , 3 j. Basis.
    PRELUM'BAR , Prælumba'ris, (F. ) Prélom . Hyd. Submur. gr.x. Adjurans.
    baire , from pre , before ,' and lumbi,' the loins . ' olei Carui , gtt . v. Corrigens.
    That which is placed before the loins. The Syrupi, 9. . Constituens.
    prelumbar surface of the spinal column is the fant Pilulæ, xx.
    anterior surface of the lumbar portion . It is obvious, however , that most prescriptions
    PREMONITORY . See Precursory. are more simple than this. The basis, for ex
    PREPARATION , Præparatio. The act of ample, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent,
    making ready any substance whatever that has nor constituent.
    to be employed for any purpose. Dr. Paris has given the following synopsis of
    Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope- the principles ofmedicinal combination , which
    ration ;-Præpara'tum. may serve as an instructive guide to the pre
    Any part of the human body, preserved for scriber:
    the uses of the anatomist, is so called . TABLE .
    PREPUCE.. Præpu'tium , Epago'gium , Pos
    the, the Foreskin . The prolongation of the in -

    teguments of the penis, which covers the glans. OBJECT I.


    The prepuce is composed of two membranous TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS .
    layers : one external or cutaneous ; the other
    internal or mucous , separated by cellular mem- A. By combining the several different forms
    brane. The mucous membrane lines the inner or preparations of the same substance.
    PRESCRIPTION 572 PRESSURE

    B. By combining the basis with substances dent, not only in translating, but in writing his
    which are of the same nature ; i. e. which are prescriptions more solito.] 2
    individually capable of producing the same ef- PRESENTATION , from (Lat. ) præsens. e
    fects, but with less energy than when in com- The part of a fætus which is felt presenting,
    bination with each other.
    1
    on an examination per vaginam .
    C. By combining the basis with substances When the head presents, and especially the
    of a different nature, and which do not exert vertex, or the feet, knees, or breech , the pre
    any chymical influence upon it , but are found sentation is said to be natural: when any other
    by experience , or inferred by analogy, to be part, preternatural : and the labour is styled
    capable of rendering the stomach or system perderse,or preternatural, Parodyn'ia perver'sa,
    more susceptible of its action . Dysto'cia perver'sa , Cross -birth , (F.) Accouche
    ment contre nature .
    OBJECT II. When any other part, besides the head , feet, T
    TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS knees, or breech presents , the operation of
    BY OBVIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS turning (q. v .) becomes necessary. See Partu
    IT MIGHT BE LIKELY TO OCCASION , AND rition .
    WHICH WOULD PERVERT IT'S INTENDED
    ACTION, AND DEFEAT THE OBJECT OF ITS PRESIS , Swelling .
    EXHIBITION PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
    PRESPI'NAL, Praspina'lis, from pra , I be
    A. By chymically neutralizing or mechanically fore ,' and spina , the spine.' That which is
    se parating the offending ingredient. situate before the spine. The prespinal sur
    B. By adding some substance calculated to face of the vertebral column is the anterior
    guard ihe stomach or system against its dele. surface .
    terious effects . Presso'rium , Pies.
    PRESS , Prælum Prelum,,
    OBJECT III . ter, Pieste'rion , ( F.) Pressoir, Presse. An instru
    TO OBTAIN THE JOINTOPERATION OF TWO ment for subjecting matters to considerable 2
    OR MORE MEDICINES , pressure, for the purpose of separating their
    A. By uniting those medicines , which are juices or oils . 2
    calculated to produce the same ultimate results, PRESS OF HEROPHILUs , Torcular Herophili.
    but by modes of operation totally different. PRESSE - ARTERE . An instrument, invented
    B. By combining medicines, which have en- by Deschamps, for the immediate compression
    tirely different powers; and which are required of arteries. It is composed of a plate , 6 or 7
    to obviate different symptoms,or to answer dif- lines long, and 3 broad , and of a rod or stem , 2 (

    ferent indications . inches long , placed perpendicularly above the


    plate and riveted. At each extremity of the
    OBJECT IV . plate is a hole , through which each of ihe ends
    TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY,NOT of the ligature, to be placed upon the artery , is
    AFFORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE . passed . The ligature is then to be tightened
    A. By combining medicines, which excite by drawing the ends , and fixing them to the
    different actions in the stomach and system, in perpendicular rod. This presse artère or serre
    consequence of which new or modified results artère, surrounded with charpie, remains in the
    until there is no longer danger of
    areB.produce d . ng substances, which have the wound,
    By combini hemorrhage. The ligature is then cut, and the
    property of acting chymically upon each other:instru ment withdrawn.
    the results of which are : --
    It is an unnecessary instrument.
    PRESSE- URETHRE , Jugum Penis. A kind of
    a. The forma tionsition the ound
    of newofcomp s ; in- forceps of elastic iron ,
    b.The decompo original the branches of which,
    gredients, and the development of the more padded , may be approximated or separated by
    means of a screw. The penis is introduced be.
    active elements. tween the branches , one of them being applied
    C. By combining substances, betweenwhich to the urethra,and ihe screw is tightenedso as
    no other change is induced than a diminution to exercise a' degree of pressure , sufficient to
    or increase in the solubility of the principles in bring
    which their medicinal virtues reside . Thisthe
    instrum ent of
    parietes is sometim contact.
    the canales inused in incon.
    a . By the intervention of substances that act tinence of urine , to prevent the constant dis
    chymically . charge of that fluid .
    7. By the addition of ingredients , whose PRESSIO , Pressure .
    operation is entirely mechanical. PRESSION ABDOMINALE, Pressure ab.
    dominal .
    OBJECT V. PRESSOIR , Press-p . d'Hérophile , Torcular
    TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM . Herophili.
    1. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en- PRESSORIUM , Press.
    hanced . PRESSURE , Pressio, from premo, ' I press.'
    b. By which its aspect or flavour is rendered The action of pressing.
    more agreeable, or its mode of administration ABDOMINAL PRESSURE, (F. ) Pression abdomi
    more convenient .
    nale. A mode of examination , by means of
    which the sensibility , size , suppleness, or hard
    C. By which it is preserved from the sponta ness of any morbid abdominal viscus may be
    neous decompo sition to which it is liable. compared , in these respects, with its healthy con .
    [The vocabulary in the Author's " Medical dition . Bichat proposed , with the view ofexplor
    Student," p . 117, Philad. 1837, will aid the stu - ling the state of the thoracic organs , to exert a
    PRETIBIAL 573 PRIOR

    pressure from below upwardson the abdominal Hydrogeneticum , Hydrogen-p. Hydroticum ,


    organs, so as to crowdthem upon the diaphragm , Hydrogen -- p. Oxygenans, Oxygen-p. Scyto.
    and thus to diminish the dimensions of the dephicum , Tannin .
    cavity of the chest, noticing to what extent PRINCIPLE , COL'OURING , OF THE
    respiration was affected by this action . No BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate
    great information can , of course , be derived principle in animals, to which the blood owes
    from it. its red colour. It is solid , inodorous , and in
    PRETIB’IAL, Prætibia'lis, from præ, be- sipid. When recently separated from blood , it
    fore ,' and tibia , the tibia . ' That which is has a purple-red colour. When distilled, it
    situate before the tibia ; as the ilio.pretibial and furnishes, amongst other products,a purple oil.
    ischio-pretibialmuscles. It is insoluble in water ; but, if diluted with that
    PREVENTIVE , ROYAL. An empirical liquid , acquires a vinous red hue. It commu
    preparation used as a prophylactic against the nicates a red colour to the albumen of the
    venereal virus. It is a solution of acetale of lead. blood, and affords, on analysis, iron , to which
    -the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus,(q.v.) the colouris perhaps owing. – See Hæmatine.
    PRIAPEIA , Nicotiana rustica. PRINCIPLES, IMMEDIATE, (F.) Prin
    PRIAPISCOS. Same etymon as the next. cipcs immédiats , Matériauximmédiats. A name
    Name of a piece of wood , which forms part of given to a considerable number of substances,
    the scamnum Hippocraticum . Paulus of Egina composed at least of three elements, and which
    calls thus a tent of linen shaped like the penis. are obtained froni animals and vegetables, with
    PRIAPIS'MUS, Tenti'go, T.Penis,Pri'apism , out alteration , by simple processes, and, in some
    Horn -colic, (vulg . ) Enta'sia Priapis'mus, Rhopa- measure , immediately.
    lismus, Satyriasis, (q. v. ) from Tlolatos, Pria. IMMEDIATE PRINCIPLES OF ANIMALS , Proti.
    pus, ' the male organ . Constant and distress- mate principles, Organic Elements, Compounds
    ing erection , without any voluptuous idea or of Organization. These are divided into acid
    desire for venery. It is often symptomatic ; principles , fatty principles, and principles
    and sometimes the immediate result of morbific which are neither fat nor acid . The first in
    causes,-of the action of cantharides , for ex- clude the uric, rosacic,purpuric, allantoic, caseic,
    ample. The application of cold liquids to the butyric, &c. The fatty principlesare :-stearine,
    penis , and the internal use of opium and cam. elaine, cholesterine, &c.; and the last division
    phor are the means usually had recourse to for includes the most important compounds of or
    its remova ga ation --fibrine, gelatine , albumen , urea,
    PRIAPUS, Penis-p. Cervi , see Cervus-p. picromel, osmazome, &c .
    Ceti, Leviathan penis. PRINCIPLES, PROXIMATE , Pr. immediate.
    PRICKING. Šax. priccian, ( D.) pricken , (F.) PRINOS , P. verticilla'tus, Black Alder, Vir
    Picotement. giniu
    A variety of pain, compared to de Winter Berry, (F.) Apalachine à feuilles
    Prunier. Nat. Ord . Rhamni. Ser . Syst.
    that which pointed bodies would occasion .
    PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach - p. Hexandria Monogynia. The bark of this com
    of India, Melia azedarach. mon shrub of the United States is astringent,
    PRIMÆ VIÆ . The first passages. The bitter and pungent. The berries are , likewise,
    stomach and intestinal canal : --- the lacteals be . bitter. The bark has been used as a substitute
    ing the secun'da viæ , or second passages. for the cinchona , in intermittents , and as a
    Primæ VJE , Ways , digestive. tonic .
    PRIMEVERE, Primula veris. PRION , Saw .
    PRIMIP'ARA, from primus, ' first,' and pa- PRIONO’DES , from meg !WV, 6 a saw , ' and
    Tere, ' to bring forth .' A name given to females, sidos, ' shape.' Serra'ted. Applied to the su
    who bring forth for the first time. tures of the head .
    PRIMI- STERNAL, Primi-sterna'lis, from PRIOR ANNULA'RIS, Interos'seus quartus
    primus, the first, and sternum , the sternum .' of Winslow . An internal interosseous muscle,
    M. Béclard has called os primi-sternal, or clavi- which arises from the outside of the metacarpal
    sternal, the first bony portion of the sternum . bone of the ring finger, and is inserted into the
    PRIMI'TIÆ . The first waters, or the waters outside of the tendon on the back of the ring
    discharged before the extrusion of the fætus . finger. Its use is to draw the ring finger out
    PRIMROSE, EVENING , Cnothera biennis. wards.
    PRIMULA VERIS , from prim'ulus, the Prior In'dicis, Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dü
    beginning ;' so called , because it flowers in the indicis ; Sous-métacarpo - latéri-phalangion . It
    beginning of the spring. Verbas'culum , Paral'- arises from the outer or radial side of the meta
    ysis ; the Corslip, Paigil, or Peagle , ( F.) Prime-carpal bone of the fore finger, and is inserted
    vère. Family , Primulaceæ . Ser. Syst. Pen- into the outside of the tendon on the back of
    tandria Monogynia. The flowers have been the fore finger. Action :- to draw the finger
    considered to be mildly tonic , antispasmodic, outwards, towards the thumb.
    and anodyne . Prior VEL ABDUCTOR INDICIS Pedis . An
    PRIMULA VULGA'ris . The leaves and roots external , interosseous muscle of the foot , which
    of thisplant have been used as sternutatories. arises from the contiguous sides of the metatar
    PRINCEPS, Rectum . sal bones of the great and fore toes , and is in
    PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE DE- serted into the inside of the root of thefirst
    ROSNE, Narcotine. bone of the fore toe . Action :-- to pull the fore
    PRINCIPES IMMÉDIATS,Principles im- toe inwards.
    mediate. Prior MEDII , Pr. Medii digiti .
    PRINCIPIUM , Arche , Element-p. Acidi. Prior Medii Dio'iti, Prior Medii, Second
    ficans, Oxygen-p. gens, Tannin --pinteros'scous of Douglas. An external, inter
    PRISIS 574 PRODUCTION

    osseous muscle of the hand, which arises from PROCHEI’LON , Procheilidion, Prold'bium .
    the corresponding sides of the metacarpal The extreme projecting part of the lips .
    bones of the fore and middle fingers , and is PROCHEUMA , Parenchyma.
    inserted into the outside of the tendon on the PROCIDENC E DE L'ŒIL, Exophthalmia.
    back of the middle finger. Action :-to draw PROCIDENTIA , Prolapsus - p. Ani , Proc
    the middle finger outwards. tocele-p. Intestini recti, Proctocele - p. Iridis ,
    PRIOR VEL ABDUCTOR MEDU Digiti Pedis . Staphyloma of the Iris-p . Sedis , Proctocele
    An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot , p . Uteri, Prolapsus uteri.
    which arises from the inside of the metatarsa ! PROCNEME , Tibia.
    bone of the middle toe , and is inserted into the PROCONDYLOS , noozordvàoş, from 7.00,
    inside of the root of the first bone of the mid- ' before ,' and xordvios, ' a knot.' The first joint
    dle toe. Use :-to pull the middle toe inwards, of the fingers; the second being called zorduios;
    or towards the inner side of the foot." and the third μετακoνδυλος .
    PRIOR VEL ADDUCTOR Mıs'ımi Diguti . An PROCTALGIA , Proc'tica simpler, Procta
    internal , interrosseousmuscle of the foot, which gra , from Aquxtos, ' the anus,' and anyos, “ pain . '
    originates from the inside of the metatarsal Pain in the anus. Generally symptomatic of
    bone of the little toe ; and is inserted into the disease, as of hemorrhoids, scirrhus, & c.
    inside of the root of the first bone of the little Proctalgia, Clunesia - p. Hæmorrhoidalis,
    toe . Action : -to pull the little toe inwards. Hæmorrhois.
    PRIOR VEL ADDUCTOR TERTI Digiti Pedis. P'ROCTATREYSIA , from nowxtos , " the
    An internal interosseous muscle of the foot, anus,' and atorova, ' imperforation .' Imperfo
    which arises from the inner and under part of rate state of the anus .
    the metatarsal bone of the third of the small PROC'TICA . Pain or derangement about
    toes, and is inserted into the inside of the root the anus, without primary inflammation. A
    of the first bone of the third of the small toes. genus in the class Cæliacă, order Enterica, of
    Action :—to pull the third of the small toes Good .
    inwards . Proctica Exania , Proctocele - p. Marisca,
    PRISIS , Stridor dentium . Hæmorrhois --p. Simplex, Proctalgia - p. Tenes
    PRISMOS, Stridor dentium . mus , Tenesmus.
    PROCTI'TIS, Clynesia , Cysso'lis, from
    PRISMA , Scobs. Tooxtos, ' the anus .' Inflammation of the anus.
    PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs . PROCTOCE'LE, from UX TO $, 'the anus,'
    PRIVITIES , Genital organs. and xnar, ó hernia .' Prolapsus Ani , Proctopto'
    PRIVY MEMBERS, Genital organs-p. sis, Procto'sis, Archeoptoma, Archopto'sis, Exd ,
    Parts , Genital organs. nia, Hamor'rhois procedens, Hæmorrhois ab
    PRO, 100 , before.' A common prefix to czaniâ, Prociden'tia Ani, P. 'intesti'ni recti, P.
    words; as in Procatarctic , Prostate, & c. sedis, Ecto'pia Ani , Sedes procidua , Falling
    PROBANG , Detruso'rium ex balena . A down of the Fundament, Coming down of the
    long , slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of Body, ( F. ) Chute du rectum , C. du fondement,
    sponge at its extremity, intended to push down Renversement du Rectum . Inversion and pro
    extraneous bodies , arrested in the æsophagus, lapse of the mucous coat of the rectum , from
    into the stomach . A similar instrument is relaxation of the sphincter, with more or less
    called by J. L. Petit, Repoussoir d'arêtes. swelling. In the treatment, the application of
    PROCARDIUM , Scrobiculus cordis . cold water and astringent lotions must be re
    PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi . commended : and, if other means fail, one of
    PROCÈS CILIAIRES, Ciliary processes. the radii of skin , which converge at the anus,
    PROCESS, Apophysis -- p. Cuneiform , Ba- may be snipped off. On cicatrizing, the verge
    siliary process - p. Vertical superior longitu- of the anus will be contracted, and the cure
    dinal, Falx cerebri. probably complete. In the way of palliation ,
    PROCES'SUS . A process ; from proce'do, the parts may be retained by an appropriate
    " I go before. Projectu'ra. An apophysis or bandage .
    eminence of a bone, (see Apophysis.) Also , PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA . See Lithotomy .
    any part,which seemsprolonged beyond other PROCTOPTOSIS , Proctocele.
    organs with which it is in connexion ; as the PROCTORRHAGIA , Hæmorrhoidal flux.
    Ciliary processes . PROCTOR'RH'EA, from 7700XTOS , I the
    Processus ANCONEUS, Olecranon - p. Annu- anus,' and ow , I flow .' A discharge of
    laris, Pons varolii - p. Caudaius, Lobulus cau- blood or slime from the anus.
    datus - p. cerebri lateralis, Cornu ammonis - p. PROCTOS , Anus ,
    Cochleariformis, see Tympanum - p . Cuneifor- PROCTOSIS , Proctocele .
    mis ossis occipitis , Basilary process - p. Falci- PROD'ROMUS , from 7100, " before ,' and
    formis cerebelli , Falx cerebelli -- p. Falciformis doonos , ' course .' The period immediately pre
    duræ matris , Falx cerebri -p. Laterales uteri , ceding an attack of disease ; and in which the
    Tubæ Failopiane - p. Mamillares, Papillæ of the precursory signs occur.
    kidney ,Olfactory nerves - p.Orbicularis cerebri, PRODUCT, from produ'co, ' I produce ,' (F.)
    Infundibulum of the brain-p. Papillares, 01. Produit. The result, sought to be attained by
    factory nerves - p. Rachidianus , Medulla spi- any pharmaceutical operation.
    nalis — p. ad Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii -- p. PRODUCTIO , Prolapsus -p . Uvulæ a pitui
    , Staphylædema.
    Transversus duræ matris , Tentorium---p. Uvi . tâ PRODUCTION
    fer, Uvula - p . Ventriculi , Duodenum . , Productio ; same etymon .
    PROCHEILA, Antelabia . This word is used, especially by the French
    PROCHEILIDION , Procheilon . synonymously with prolongation . The mesen
    PRODUIT 575 PROLIFIC

    tery is, in this sense, a production of the peri- yawood,' the tongue .' The extremity or tip of
    toneum . the tongue .
    PRODUIT , Product. PROGNO'SIS, Prorrhe'sis, Præcogni'tio,
    PROEM'INENT, Proem'inens, from pro, Prædictio, (F.) Prognostic , Pronostic, from noo,
    .forwards,' and emine're, . to project.' Some before,' and yerooxo, ' I know . The judgment
    anatomists call the 7th cervical vertebra , the formed by the physician regarding the future
    proeminent vertebra , on account of the length progress and termination of any disease.
    of its spinous process, which passes the level of A GENERAL Prognosis is the opinion formed
    those of the neighbouring vertebræ . of a disease in the abstract. Thus, we say , the
    PREOTIA, Proiotes, 7100101NS, or rrpoiotrs, General prognosis of Cynanche tonsillaris is fa
    • Precocity ,' Præcox matu'ritas, Preco'cious ma- vourable ; —of Phthisis pulmonalis, unfavour
    tu'rity . Premature development of sexual or ble , &c .
    ganization or power. - Good. Á PARTICULAR Progno'sis is the opinion
    formed of any particular case of a disease. The
    PROFLU'VIUM , Discharge (9; v.) Flurus, particular prognosis of one case of typhus, for
    Polyrrha'a,
    down.' A term pro'fluó,
    from some
    ( q. v .)which
    Flur,under I run
    Nosologistsexample, may be favourable, whilstthat of
    another may be unfavourable .
    have comprised all morbid discharges or fluxes: PROGNOSIS Ex LINGUA , Glossomantia.
    -others, increased excretions, attended by PROGNOSTIC , Prognosis.
    fever.
    PROJECTURA, Process.
    PROFLUVIUM GENITALE MULIEBRE, Menses PROLABIUM , Procheilon.
    p . Muliebre, Leucorrhæa, Menses - p. Seminis, PROLAP’SUS, from proʻlabor, ' I slip down.'
    Pollution-p . Ventris , Diarrhæa .
    PROFUN'DUS, Altus. A name given to Prociden'lia
    Productio, ,Propeden'tia
    Delap'sio, ,Propto'ma, Propto'sis,
    Prominen'tia, Ptosis,
    different parts, which are seated profoundly as Casus, (F.) Chute ; a protru'sion ; a falling
    regards oihers. down. A genus of diseases in the class Locales
    1. Arteria PROFUNDA Fem'onis, A. rasta and order Eclopiæ of Cullen, distinguished by
    poste'rior seu muscula'ris femoris,Irtère grande the falling down of a part through the orifice,
    musculaire dela cuisse, (Ch.) This large branch with which it is naturally connected.
    arises commonly from the posterior part of the PROLAPSUS Ani , Proctocele-p . Iridis, Ptosis
    crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter. iridis - p. (Esophagi, Pharyngocele - p. Palpe
    It descendsdeeply , situate before the adductors; bræ, Blepharoptosis - p. Pharyngis, Pharyngo
    passes through the third adductor above the cele'.
    opening in it for the trunk of the femoral; and Prolapsus Uteri, Erometra, Metropto'sis,
    terminates in the short portion of the biceps. Falling down of the womb , pdoptosis uteri,
    The muscularis profunda gives off, 1. The ex . Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'lë nuda, Prociden'tia
    ternal circumflet: 2. The internal circumflex : uteri, ( F.) Abuissement de la matrice, Chutede la
    and , 3. The three perforantes. matrice, Descente de la matrice , Précipitation de
    2! The ARTERIA PROFUNDA Penis . Chaus. la matrice. Some use the term Procidentia
    sier has given this name to the car'ernous ar'. Uteri ' for a minor degree ; some for a greater
    tery, which arises from the artery of the penis, degree of the affection than prolapsus ;-Re
    furnished by the internal pudic .
    Profundá HUMERI , P. superior, Arte'ria spi- laratio uteri expressing the slightest stage of
    all. A falling down of the uterus, owing to
    ra'lis, (F. ) Artère humérale profonde,A. collate- relaxation of the parts about the utero-vaginal
    rale érterne, Grand musculaire du bras, ( Ch.) region. In the treatment, the horizontal pos
    Its origin is variable . When it arises from the ture must be insisted upon ; the injection of
    brachial artery , it is given off opposite the groove astringent substances per raginam be advised ;
    of the humerus destined for the radial nerve , and if the affection be not remedial by these
    and descends backwards between the three por means, a pessary must be employed as a pallia
    tions of the triceps , accompanied by the nerve ; tive ; or , the operation of Episioraphy ( q. v.)
    giving branches to that muscle and to the hu . may be performed.
    merus . When it reaches the posterior part of Prolapsus Ureri , Hysteroptosis - p. Uvulæ ,
    the bone, it divides into two branches , which Staphylædema.
    are distributed to the triceps , supinator longus, Prolapsus Vagi'nx , Hysteropto'sis Vagina
    &c .
    The PROFUNDA INFERIOR vel Minor is often Prolapsus,Ædoptosis Vagina, Coleopto'sis, Col
    popto'sis, Elytropto'sis - Protrusion of the upper
    a branch of the last ; but, commonly, is given part of the vagina into the lower. This, like
    off from the brachial, near the middle of the the descent of the uterus, may be relaxation ,
    arm . It gives off branches to the muscles, & c. procidentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion .
    about the inner side of the os humeri. It is, PROLAPSUS VESICÆ , Exocyste.
    also, called large communicating ulnar or pro. PROLECTA’TIO . Action of separating the
    fundo -ulnar. finer parts of a body from the grosser.
    PROFUNDA SUPERIOR. Profunda humeri . PROLEPTICUŠ, Anticipating.
    Certain muscles are distinguished by the PROLICIDE , Prolicid'ium ; from proles, off
    names profound or deep -seated and superficial, spring,' and cædere, ' to kill.' Destruction of
    Thus, we speak of the superficialand deep seated offspring. A term , which includes fæticide as
    muscles of the neck, &c .; the Flexor profundus well as infanticide .' Prolicide . — Gordon Smith.
    perforans, &c . PROLIF'IC , Prolificus; from proles, off
    PROFUSIO SANGUINIS, Hæmorrhagia, spring,' and facio, " Imake.' That which has
    p . Subcutanea, Purpura simplex. the faculty of engendering ; applied to man , .

    PROGLOSSIS, ' from supo, "before,' and animals, and their sperm or secd; as well as to
    PROLIGEROUS 576 PROSTATALGIA

    remedies , which , by strengthening the genital PRONATOR TERES , P. radii teres.


    organs , increase the secretion of sperm. PRONERVATIO , A poneurosis, Tendon.
    PROLIG'EROUS, Proligerus, from proles, PRONOSTIC , Prognosis.
    6
    offspring,' and gero, ' I carry .' That which is PROPEDENTIA , Prolapsus.
    connected with carrying the offspring. PROPERTIES, VITAL. Those which de
    The PROLIGEROUS Disc, or LAYER , Discus pend upon organization , such as sensibility and
    prolig'erus, Discus ritelli'nus, Stratum prolig ". contractility.
    erum . A granular layer, situate generally to- PROPERTIES , PHYSICAL, OF THE TISSUES.
    wards the most prominent part of the ovarian These are flexibility, extensibility and elasticity,
    vesicle , on the centre of which the true ovum racornissement and imbibition .
    or ovule exists.- Von Baer. PROPHYLACTIC , Prophylac'ticus, Dia.
    PROLONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, phylactic, Diasos'tic, Synteret'icus , from προ and
    Medulla spinalis — p. Sous-occipital, Basilary wiuoow, ' I defend. A preservative.
    process . PROPHYLAX'IS, Prophylace , Prophylac
    PROMALACTE'RIUM , from 700, " before,' tice. Same etymon . Præserva'tio. Preserva
    and suncoow , I soften .' The room , in the antive or preventive treatment.
    cient gymnasium in which the body was sof- PROPOLIS , 0010215, from 700 , before ,'
    tened and anointed . One of the operations in and modis , city ;' literally , that which is be
    bathing. fore the city .' Ceranthemus, Commo'sis, Bee
    PROMANOS. See Digitos . bread. A red, resinous matter, with which bees
    PROMANUS, Pollex . cover the bottom of the hive. Its fume has been
    PROMETOPIDIA , Frontal bandages . esteemed antiasthmatic .
    PROMETO'PIS, Prometopid'ion, from 700, PROP'OMA , from noo, " before ,' and nona ,
    6 before ,' and NETWOV, “ the forehead . ' The ' a drink.' Ancient name of a medicine , com
    skin of the forehead . posed of seven parts of honey and four of wine.
    PROMINENTIA , Prolapsus, Protuberance. It was drunk before a meal.-Paulus of Ægina.
    PROMONTORIUM FACIEI , Nasus . PROPOSITUM , Intention .
    PROM'ONTORY , Promontoʻrium seu Tuber PROPOTISMOS. Same etymon. Præpo'.
    seu Tuberositas Tym 'pani. A small projection tio. An ancient name for medicines, which
    at the inner paries of the cavity of the tym- were given to patients, before purging them ,
    panum , which correspondsto the external scala and, in some sort, to prepare them .
    of the cochlea, and especially to the outer side PROPRIUS AURIS EXTERNÆ, Retra
    of the vestibule , hens auris .
    PRONATEUR CARRÉ , Pronator radii qua- PROPTOMA , Prolapsus .
    dratus -- p. Grand ou rond , Pronator radii teres PROPTOMA AURICULA'RUM, Pares
    -p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus. the'sis audi'lûs flacca, Flap Ear. Lobe of the
    PRONA'TION, Prona'tio, from pronus, ' in - ear broad, loose, and pendent, from birth.
    clined forwards.'' Anatomists understand , by Good .
    pronation , the notion by which the inferior ex- PROPTOSIS , Prolapsus—p. Palpebræ, Ble
    tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, pharoptosis.
    and thus causes the hand to execute a kind of PRORA , Occiput.
    rotation from without inwards. PRORRHESIS , Prognosis.
    PRONA'TOR. That which produces the PROS , 7700 $. In composition , this prefix ge
    motion of pronation. This name has been given nerally signifies in addition to,' over and
    to two of the muscles of the forearm . above, ' besides .'
    PRONATOR OBLIQUUE , P. radii teres-p . Qua- PROSARTHROSIS , Diarthrosis .
    dratus, P. radii quadratus. PROSBOLE , Impression.
    PRONATOR RADUI QUADRA'TUS, P. quadratus, PROSCHYSIS , Affusion .
    Quadratus radii, P. quadratus seu transversus PROSCOLLESÍS, Adherence, Agglutina
    ( Winslow ,) Pronator radii brcris seu quadratus tion .
    (Cowper,) Cubito-radial, (Ch .) . ( F.) Petit ou PROSECTEUR, Dissector .
    carré pronateur. This muscle' is situate at the PROSLEPSIS , Prehension .
    anterior, inferior, and profound part of the fore- PROSODOS, Aditus .
    arm . It is flat and square, and is attached , PROSOPALGIA , Neuralgia facial.
    within , to the inferior quarter of the anterior PROSOPOMANTIA , Physiognomy .
    surface of the ulna ; and , without, to the in- PROSOPON , Face.
    ferior quarter of the anterior surface of the PROSOPOSIS , Physiognomy .
    radius . It produces the motion of pronation . PROSPHORA , Prehension .
    PRONATOR RADI TERES, P. teres sive obli '. PROS'PHYSIS , ' adhesion , adherence, con .
    quus (Winslow.) Epitrochlo-radial
    Grand ou rond pronateur .
    (Ch.,) (F :) nexion ,"(q.v .) from 79os,andouw, ' I grow .'
    A muscle seated at
    more limited sense , this word means
    In a adhesion mor
    the upper andanterior part of the forearm . It bid of theeyelids , either between
    is long, flat, and larger above than below. It themselves, or with the globe of the eye, An
    is attached , above, to theinner tuberosity of the
    humerus and to the coronoid process of the hylablepharon ,(q. v.)
    PROS'TASIS , 1000T2015,
    ulna. From thence it passes obliquely down. ' superiority, pre
    wards and outwards, and terininatesat the mid- ponderance ,' same etymon as Prostate . A pre
    dle of the outer surface of the radius. It causes dominance or abundance of excrementitious
    the radius to turn on the vlna, to produce the humour. - Hippocr.
    motion of pronation. It can , also, bend the PROSTATALÓGIA , from moootata , ' the pros.
    forearm on the arm and vice versa. ( tate, ' and aâyos, ' pain . ' Pain in the prostate.
    PROSTATE 577 PRUNUS

    PROSTATE, προστατα , from προ , before ,' PROTUBERANCE, CEREBRAL , Medulla oblon
    and lotnut , 1 stand.'— Pros'tata gland'ula , gata , Pons varolii - p . Cornu ammonis.
    Pros'lutæ , P. glandulo'sæ , Paras'tatæ , P. gland '. PROTUBERANTIA , Eminence - p. Annu
    ulæ , Pros'tatæ adenoi'des, Testes mino'res, Corpus laris Willisii , Pons varolii - p.Cylindrica ,Cornu
    glandulosum , C. adeniformē, C. glandiforme, c. ammonis .
    glando'sum , C. adenoi des; the Prostate gland , PROULIMATE'SIS. A word employed by
    Assisten'les glandula, Ads'tites glandulosi. A Forestus, for hernia of the stomach.
    glandular , cordiform body , of the size of a chest. PROUNE , Prunus domestica .
    nut , situate before the neck of the bladder, be- PROVERBS, MEDICAL . A proverbial ex
    hind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the pression frequently contains sound sense in its
    first portion of the urethra. Its excretory out- directions. In medicine, the greatest collection
    lets, to the number of 10 or 12, open into the is in the Regimen of Health of the school of Sa
    part of the urethra that traverses it , and pour lernum , composed in the 11th century , by John
    into it a whitish , viscid humour, intended to of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often
    lubricate the interior of the urethra, and to inculcated , we often meet with the reverse .
    serve as a vehicle for the sperm in its ejacu. Most of the proverbs are hygienic. The fol
    lation . lowing are a few .
    PROSTATES INFÉRIEURES, Cowper's 1. Qu'après la soupe un coup d'excellent vin
    glands - p. Petites , Cowper's glands. Tire un écu de la poche du médecin .
    PROSTATIC, Prostaticus. That which re- 2. Surge quintâ, prande nonâ , cæna quintà, dormi nonâ,nec
    est morti vita prona.
    lates to the prostate . Winslow has named
    Superior Prostatic Muscles - ligaments which 3. Nunquam recte corpus exerceri sine animo , neque animum
    sine corpore posse.
    pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of the
    prostate. He , also , calls — Inferior Prostatic 4. Viande bien machée est d demi digérée.
    Muscles — the fleshy fibres, which, from the 5. Optimum condimentum fames.
    lateral parts of the urethra, near its membranous Appetite is the best sauce .
    portion, pass to be inserted into the pubis. 6. Plures occidit gula quam gladius.
    The Prostatic PORTION OF THE ÜRETARA is 7. Early to bed and early to rise ,
    Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
    the part of the canal of the urethra included by 8. One man's meat's another man's poison . 1
    the prostate. It is about 15 lines long .
    The PROSTATIC BISector is an instrument 9. An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure .
    employed by Dr. Stevens , of New York , in the PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary.
    bilateral operation of lithotomy. In form it PRUNA, Anthrax.
    resembles a large olive , with a beak at the PRUNE , Prunum .
    extremity, with cutting edges at the sides, PRUNELLA, Cynanche , Pupil.
    parallel to its longest axis , and with a straight
    handle .
    PRUNEL'LA, P. vulga'ris, Consolida minor,
    Sym'phitum minus, Self- heal , Bugle , Brunella,
    PROSTATICUS SUPERIOR, Compressor ( F.) Brunelle. Family,Labiate . Ser.Syst. Didy
    prostata . namia Gymnospermia. This plant has been
    PROSTATON'CUS, from npootata, ' the recommended, as an astringent,in hemorrhages
    prostate ,' and oyxos , a tumour.' Swelling of and fluxes; and , also, in garglesagainst aphtha
    the prostate . and inflammation of the fauces.
    PROSTHESIS , Prothesis. PRUNELLIER , Prunus spinosa.
    PROSTHETA , Subdita. PRUNELLOE , Prunum brignolense.
    PROSTRA'TION , Prostra'tio virium , (F.) PRUNIER, Prunus domestica-p. Sauvage,
    Prostration des forces. Great depression of Prunus spinosa .
    strength. Almost total loss of power over the PRUNUM . A Plum , a Prune . Three sorts
    muscles of locomotion . of plums have usually been ranked amongst
    PROTH'ESIS, Pros'thesis, Adjunctio, Ad- the articles of the materia medica. 1. The
    jedtio, Apposi'tio,' addition ,application ;' from Prunum Brignolen'sē ; the Brignole plum or
    apos , in addition to ,' and tignui,' I put. ' That Prunelloe ; from Brignole in Provence. ' It is of
    part of surgery , whose object is to add , to the a reddish-yellow colour ; and has a very grate
    human body some artificial part, in place of one ful, sweet,subacid taste. 2. The Prunum Gal
    that may be wanting , as a wooden leg, an arti- licum , the French Prune ; and 3. The Prunum
    ficial eye, &c. Damascc'num or Damson , Brab'ylon. All these
    PROTMESIS , Umbilicus. possess the same general qualities as the other
    ProtMESIS , Kidney . summer fruits. They are emollient and laxa
    PROTOGALA , Colostrum . tive .
    PROTOIATROS, Archiater . PRUNUM STELLATUM , Averrhoa carambola .
    PROTOMEDICUS , Archiater. PRUNUS ARMENIACA . The Apricot,
    PROTOMUS , Dissector. Apricock , Bericoccē, Bepixoxon, Precocia, (F.)
    PROTOPATHIA , Idiopathia. Abricot. Family, Rosaceæ. Sex . Syst. Icosandria
    PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri . Monogynia .
    PROTRUSION , Prolapsus. The Apricot, when ripe, is easily digested,
    PROTU'BERANCE , Protuberan'tia, Ertu- and considered as a great delicacy .
    bera'tio; Prominentia , Ercrescentia , Eztuberan'. PRUNUS A'vium - The Black Cherry Tree,
    tia , from pro, ' before ,' and tuber , ' a projection .' Cer'asus Avium. (F. ) Merisier. The fruit is
    (F.) Bosse. " A name given to rough, unequal eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree; the
    protuberances, seen at the surface of certain properties of which are similar to those of gum
    organs ; the parietal protuberances, occipital Arabic.
    protuberances, annular protuberances, &c . PRUNUS CER'asus. The Red Cherry Tree,
    73
    PRURIGO 578 PSIDIUM POMIFERUM

    (F.) Cerisier.The fruit Cerasum , Cera'sion , hydrocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anas, Borus'sias


    has a pleasant, acidulous, sweet flavour. It is Ferri, Cæruleum Borus'sicum , C. Berolinen'se,
    wholesome. Prussias Ferri, Hydrocy'anas Ferri, Cyanure'.
    Prunus Domes'tica. The Plum or Damson tum Ferri, Trito-hydroferrocy'anate of iron .
    tree, Coccyme'lea ,Proune, (F.) Prunier ordinaire. This salt is chiefly used for the preparation of
    The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole the hydrocyanic acid and the cyanide of mer.
    some fruit for pies, tarts, &c. It is gently laxa- cury . It has been advised in the treatment of
    tive .See Prunum . intermittents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis .
    PRUNUS INVITIA . The Bullace Plum tree. The Externally, it has been applied to ill -conditioned
    fruit of this tree is used like the damson. ulcers. (zj to Z of Cerate.) Dose , four to six
    PRUNUS LAURO -Cer'asus, Poison Laurel, grains.
    Cherry Laurel, Common Laurel, Lauro -cerasus, PSALIS , Fornix , Scissors .
    Cer'asus Lauro -cer’asus, (F.) Laurier -cérise, L. PSALTERIUM , Lyra.
    amandier . The leaves have a bitter, styptic PSAMMISMOS, from wannos, ' sand.' The
    taste, with the flavour of bitter almonds. The application of sand to any part of the body for
    flowers have a similar flavour. The powdered the cure of disease .-Paulus.
    leaves, applied to the nostrils , excite sneezing. PSAMMODES, Sabulous.
    The favour of the leaves has given occasion to PSELLISMUS, weitouos, from weito, ' I
    their being employed in tarts , custards, & c .; but stutter.' Imperfect or depraved state of the
    in large quantities they are poisonous. The articulation . A genus in the class Pneumatica ;
    poisonous principle is the Prussic acid . The dis- order , Phonica , of Good .
    tilled water, called Laurel-water, is poisonous. PSELLOTES, Balbuties.
    ( See Poisons, Table of.) PSEUDAC'OË, Pseudacor'a, from Hevons,
    Prunus Pádus, Padus, Cerasus Padus, Cer': false ,' and axon, 'audition.' Pseudacu'sis.
    asusracemo'sus sylvestris, Wild cluster, or Bird False hearing .
    Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier à grappes, Bois puant. PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus.
    The bark of the tree has a fragrant smell, and PSEUDÆSTHESIA , from Hevons, ' false,'
    a bitter,subastringent taste, somewhat similar and aro9arouan, ' I feel.'. Parap'sis illuso'ria.
    to thatof bitter almonds. It has been recom . Depraved feeling. Imaginary sense of touch
    mended in intermittents, & c. in the form of or general feeling in organs that have no exis
    decoction. The berries have been used in dy- tence. Common to those who have suffered
    sentery. amputation; and in hypochondriacs and the in
    PRUNUS SEBESTINA Sebestina
    , Sylvestris,sane.
    - p.
    P. spinosa . PSEU DARTH RO'SIS, Pseudarticuld' tio ,
    PRUNUS Spinosa. The Sloe Tree, P. syl- Pseudarticulus ; from weudns, 'false,' and aggpor,
    vestris, Agriococcime'lea, Agru'na, Agrune'la , a joint." Afalse joint or articulation.( q.v.)
    ( F.) Prunellier, Prunier sauvage. The fruit- PSEUDARTICULATIO , Pseudarthrosis.
    the sloe is sometimes employed in gargles, PSEUDO False
    , - p . Asthma, Dyspnea.
    and was formerly much used in hemorrhage, PSEUDOBLEP'SIA , from weudns, false ,'
    owing to its astringent properties. The Acacia and provis, "sight.' Pseudopsia, Parop'sisil
    nostras, A. German'ica, Succus acacia nostratis, lusdria , Suffusio, Phantas'ma, Pseudoblepsis,
    used by Cullen
    S. German'icæ inspissa'tus,isobtained from this. False sight. A generic name,Metamorphopsi
    Prunus VIRGINIANA, Wild Cherry Tree, (F.) for perversion of vision. See a.
    Cerisier de Virginie. The bark of this tree has PSEUDO -CYESIS,
    been found useful in intermittents. The leaves Cyesismolaris, Mole. Pregnancy, false - p.
    are poisonous to certain animals, and the ber PSEUDO
    ries intoxicate different kinds of birds. The situate in the - neighbourhood
    LIEN, Pseudosplen.
    of the Glands
    spleen;
    Indiansuse the bark in the cure of syphilis. It probably , lymphatic glands.
    is bitter and astringent, and possesses some PSEUDO -MEDICỦS, Charlatan - p. Meniny,
    aromatic warmth , and, likewise, a narcotic Membrane, false — p. Metamorphosis polyposa,
    quality. It is stimulant and tonic. The leaves Polypus.
    contain Prussic acid . The distilled oil of the
    PSEUDO -PHTHI'SIS. False phthisis.organic
    bark is very nearly identical with that of the ciation ,occasioned by other cause than Ema
    bitter almonds. Astrong decoction of the bark lesion of the lungs.
    is anthelmintic. Pleurodynia – p.
    PSEUDO-PLEURITIS, Pseudoblepsia
    PRURIGO, Pruri'tus, from prurio, ' \ itch.' Polypi, see Polypiếp. Opsia - p.
    This word is often used synonymously with Pyrethrum , Achillea ptarmica - p.Spleen, Pseu
    itching, (q . v . ) dolien .
    Willan and Bateman use the term for a genus PSEUDOREX'IA, Pseudorez'is, from pevdrs,
    of cutaneous diseases, the characteristic symp- · false ,' and opeğiş, appetite.' False appetite.
    toms of which are a severe itching, accom- PSEUDO - SYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudo
    panied by an eruption of papulæ of nearly the syphilis .
    same colour as the adjoining cuticle . It affects PSEUDYMEN, Membrane, false.
    the whole surface of the skin , under three va- PSIDIUM POMIFERUM . The Apple
    rieties of form ;-the P. mitis , P. formi'cans, P. Guada . This plant and the P. pyrif erum bear
    seni'lis, & c. as well as some parts of the body fruits ; those of the former like apples; of the
    as the P. pod'icis, P. puden'di muliebris. latter like pears . The apple kind has an acid
    PRURIT, Itching. flavour, the other is sweet. Of the inner pulp
    PRURITUS, Gargale, Itching ,Prurigo. of either, the natives of the Indies make jellies;
    PRUSSIAN BLUE, Ferrum Zoöt'icum , F. and, of the outer rind, tarts, marmalades, & c.
    Borus'sicum ,F. Cyanogena'tum , F. oxydula'tum They are somewhat astringent; this quality ,
    PSILOSIS 579 PSYDRACIA

    indeed, exists in every part of the tree and other means; ~as the White Hellebore, Potass
    abundantly in the leaf buds, which are occa- in deliquescence, Muriate of Ammonia , Sulphuric 1
    sionally boiled with barley and liquorice as an Acid, &c. The repugnance of the smell of
    excellent drink in diarrhæa. A simple decoc- sulphur ought not, however, to be regarded ;
    tion of the leaves is said to be useful in the itch especially as, in the course of four or five days,
    and most cutaneous eruptions . it will , in almost all cases, produce a perfect
    PSILOSIS , Depilation . cure .
    PSILOTHRUM , Bryonia alba. PsorA LEPROSA , Psoriasis - p. Squamosa ,
    PsiLOTHRUM , Depilatory . Psoriasis.
    PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas. PSORA'LEA GLANDULO'SA , Altaquilla.
    PSOÆ, your , Lumbi, (q. v .) ' the loins.' Alop'. Family, Leguminosæ. Sez. Syst. Diadelphia De.
    eces, Nephrome'tre, Neurometres. The psoæ candria . A shrub, used in Chili as å vulne
    muscles . rary .
    Psoas Magnus , P. seu lumbaris internus, Psora'lea Pentaphyl’la, Contrayer'da no
    Pré-lombo-trochuntin , Pré-lombo-trochantinien va, Mez'ican Contrayer'da. The root is little,
    ( Ch . ,) Femur moven'lium sextus. A muscle, if at all, inferior to the Contrayerva in its me.
    seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar portion dical properties : which , by the by , are unim
    of the vertebral column ; and passing down to portant.
    the superior and anterior part of thethigh. It PSORIASIS , Lepido'sis psori'asis, Impeti'
    is long ; fusiform ; and attached, above, to the go, Sca'bies sic'ca, Psora lepro'sa , P. squamo'sa,
    body and transverse processes of the four first Scały Tetter, Dry Scale, Dry Scall, ( F.) Dartre
    lumbar vertebræ , and last dorsal. Below, it squameuse lichenoide, Gratelle, Gale miliaire, G.
    terminates , by a very thick tendon ,-common canine ou sèche. A cutaneous affection , con
    to it and the iliacus muscle,-which is inserted sisting of patches of rough , amorphous scales ;
    into the top of the lesser trochanter . This continuous or of indeterminate outline : skin
    muscle bends the thigh upon the pelvis and often chappy. Psoriasis occurs under a consi
    carries it in rotation outwards. It may, also , derable variety of forms. The surface, under
    bend the pelvis on the thigh, and the loins on the scales, is more tender and irritable than in
    the pelvis. It acts considerably in station and lepra, which psoriasis, in some respects, re
    progression. sembles. Dr. Willan has given names to
    Psoas PARVUS, Pré -lombo-pubien, (Ch.) A eleven varieties ofpsoriasis : the chief ofwhich
    muscle, situate anterior to the last. It is long, are the Psoriasis gutta'ta, P. diffu'sa (oneform
    thin , flat, and narrow ; and is attached, above, of which is the Baker's Ilch,) the P. gyrd'ta,
    to the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and be and P.indeterdta.
    low , to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of a The treatment of psoriasis must be antiphlo
    slender tendon,which furnishes two expansions gistic, with the internal use of the fixed alka
    -one to the lhac-uponeurosis, and the other to lies, sulphur, &c. The irritable kinds do bet
    the pelvic. This muscle bends the vertebral ter without any local application.
    column on the pelvis ; and, reciprocally , the The more local and less inflammatory are
    pelvis on the vertebral column. ameliorated by emollient and soothing applica
    PSOITIS . Inflammation of the psoas mus- tions: or by slightly stimulating means, sea
    cles and of the parts situate before the lumbar bathing, the Ung, hydrarg. nitric oxyd., Ung .
    vertebræ ; accompanied , from its commence- oxydi zinci, & c.
    ment, by considerable fever, violent pains in PSORICUS, ywpixos. That which has the
    the part affected and in the thigh of the same nature ofitch. A medicine for curing the itch.
    side, which remains commonly half bent. Psoi- PSOROPHTHALMIA , Ophthalmia tarsi.
    tis may terminate by suppuration, and form PSYCHAGOG'ICA , from Yuxn , life,'
    Lumbar Abscess , (q . v .) soul,' and αγω, " I lead.' Medicines which
    PSOLE, Ywan, the male organ,' also, the resuscitate , when life
    y
    seems extinct ; as in
    glans. syncope and apoplex .
    PSOLON'CUS , from ywán, and oyxos, 'a PSYCHE , Anima.
    tumour. Swelling of the glans, or of the penis PSYCHOLOGY, Psycholo'gia A, from
    ‘ mind ,' and loyos , discourse .
    yuxn,
    treatise on
    generally .
    PSOPHOS, Yopos, ' noise .' A loud noise ; the intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the
    a hollow sound . mind or intellectual and moral qualifications.
    PSORA, Yoga, Scabies, Ecpye'sis Scabies, PSYCHOS , Cold .
    Phlysis Scabies, Itch, (F.) Gale, Mal Saint- PSYCHOTRIA EMETICA, Ipecacuanha.
    Main, Rogne. A contagious eruption of very PSYCHOTROPHUM , Betonica officinalis.
    minute pimples -- pustular, vesicular, papular, PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu tron , from
    intermixed and alternating , itching intolera- yuxgos, ' cold ,' and lovw, ' I wash . A cold
    bly and terminating in scabs. It seems to be bath.
    caused by an insect, of the genus Acarus ;- PSYCHTICA , Refrigerants.
    the Acarus or Sarcop'tes or Sarcop'tus Scabiei, PSYDRA CIA , Wudoaxia, quasi, yuxga 'udga.
    Ac'arus Ciro, (F.) Ciron . The itch occupies, xia, cold drops. The ancients used this term ,
    particularly , the spaces between the fingers, sometimes, for pimples ; at others, for resicles.
    the backs of the hands, wrists, elbows, axilla, Willanand Batemandefine Psydracium to be,
    groins, hams, & c. and rarely affects the face. a small pustule, often irregularly circum
    The best applications, for its cure, are, -- the scribed, producing but a slight elevation of the
    Unguentum Sulphuris or Ung. Sulph. comp., cuticle , and terminating in a laminated scab.
    night and morning ; but the unpleasant smell Many of the psydracia usually appear together,
    of the sulphur has given occasion to the use of and become confluent; and, after the discharge
    PSYLLIUM 580 P'TERYGOID

    of pus, they pour out a thin , watery humour ; PTERYGODES, Alatus.


    which frequently forms an irregular incrusta- PTER'YGOID , Pterygoi'des, Pterygoïdeus,
    tion . Frank limits the term to a psoriform Alifor'mis , from ntequě, a wing, ' and ridos ,
    eruption, which differs from the itch in not form .' A name given to two processes at the
    originating from an insect, and which is not inferior surface of the sphenoid bone ; the two
    contagious, -perhaps the lichen . Authors have lamine, which form them , having been com
    differed regarding its acceptation. pared to wings. These alæ or wings or pro
    PSYDRACIA ACNE, Acne .
    cesses,-Processus aliformes ,-have teen dis
    PSYLLIUM , Plantago psyllium . tinguished , according to their position , into in
    PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica - p. Mon. ternal and external.
    tana , Arnica montana . The Plerygoid Artery , Vidian Artery, Ram'u
    PTARMICUM , Errhine, Sternutatory . lus Ductûs Pterygoidei, Arteria pharyngea su
    PTARMOS , Sneezing. prema, arises from the internal maxillary arte
    PTELEA , Ulmus. ry , at the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and
    PTERIGO -STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS, enters the pterygoid canal with the nerve of
    Levator palati-p. Syndesmo-staphili-pharyn . the same name, to proceed to be distributed on
    gien , Constrictor pharyngis. the Eustachian tube and velum palati.
    PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas. The name, pterygoid arteries, is likewise
    PTERIS AQUILI'na, · Eagles' Wings,' Pteria , given to the branches, which the internal max
    Thelyp'teris, Filir Nymphæ'a, so called from its illary and some of its divisions, as the menin
    leaves. Common Brake or Female Fern ; Filiz gea media , and posterior temporalis profunda ,
    fæmina'a. (F.) Fougèrè femelle, La grande furnish to the pterygoid muscles, behind the
    Fougère. Nat . Ord . Filices. The root is con- neck of the lower jaw.
    sidered to be anthelmintic ; and as efficacious PTERYGOID BONE , Sphenoid .
    The PTERYGOID or VIDIAN CANAL , Ductus
    as that of the male fern in cases of tape -worm . pterygoideus,
    PTERNA, Calcaneum . Cuna'lis vidia 'nus, ( F. ) Conduit
    PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus. ptérygoidien ou Vidien , Pterygo -palatine canal ,
    PTEROC AR'PUS US
    PTEROCARP , see Kino.Ru- is
    ERINACEASan'talum
    SANTALI'NUS,
    a narrow channel , which traverses, in a di
    rection from before to behind , the base of the
    brum , Red Sanders or Saunders Tree. Family, pteryguid process, and gives passage to the
    Leguminose. Sez. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. pterygoid nerve. The foramina ofthe sphe
    Red Saunders wood is used only as a colouring noid, which terminate the canals, are similarly
    matter; giving to rectified spirit a fine deep called.
    red . The juice of this tree, like that of the P. The Fossa PTERYGOIDEA , ( F.) Fosse ptéry
    Draco , affords a species of Dragon's blood . goïdienne ou ptérygoide, is the depression,
    PTERY/GION, Pterygiumor Pteryggum , which separates the two laminæ or alæ of the
    from πτερον,, 6 a wing,' ' a small wing,' & c .; pterygoid process.
    Onyx, Pyosis, Unguis, (F.) Drapeau , Onglet. The Prerygoid Mus'cles , Ala'res mus'culi,
    A varicose excrescence of the conjunctiva, of Aliformes musculi, are two in number.
    a triangular shapeof
    ; and i. The Pterygoideus externus, P. minor, Pté
    at the inner angle the commonly occurring
    eye ; whence it ex. rygo-colli-maxillaire, Petit Prérygo-marillaire
    tends over the cornea . Sometimes two or ( Ch . ) (F.) Petit ptérygoïdien, Piérygoidien en
    three pterygia occur on the same eye , and cover terne, is a thick , short muscle , which arises, by
    the whole cornea with a thick veil, which to- short aponeuroses from the outer surface of the
    tally prevents vision . According ' to Scarpa , external ala of the pterygoid process, and from
    the ancients gave the name Panniculus to this the outer surface of the great ala of the sphe
    last complication . noid bone ; and is inserted in the anterior part
    If thepterygion cannot be dispelled by means of the neck of the lower jaw-bone , and the
    of discutient collyria ,it must be removed by corresponding part of the inter-articular fibro
    the scissors. catilage . This muscle draws the condyle of
    PTERYGO -ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE , Pte- the lower jaw and the inter-articular ligament
    rygoideusinternus - p :colli-maxillaire, Ptery- forwards. It carries the chin forwards,and to
    goideus externus - p. Marillaire, grand, Ptery. the opposite side. If the two external ptery
    goideus internus - p. Maxillaire , petit, Ptery. goids act together, the jaw is carried directly
    goideus externus - p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid forwards.
    canal-p. Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis- 2. The Pterygoideus internus, P. major, Pté
    p . Staphylinus, Circumflexus. rygo-anguli maxillaire, Masse'ter internus, La
    PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE, Pterygo-palati'- tens in Orë, Grand Ptérygo-marillaire, (F.)
    nus. That which belongs to the pterygoid pro- Grand Pterygoïdien ou Prérygoidien interne. A
    cess and palate. thick and quadrilateral muscle, which is at
    The PTERYGO - PALATINE CANAL . A small tached by short and very strong aponeuroses ;
    canal, formed by the internal ala of the ptery- above , to the pterygoid fossa, whence it pro
    goid process, and the palate bone. It gives pas- ceeds downwards, backwards , and outwards, to
    sage to the vessels of the same name . be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus
    The PTERYGO- PALATINE AKTERY , or superior of the lower jaw , near its angle . This muscle
    pharyngeal, is a very small artery, and is given raises the lower jaw , and carries it a little for
    off by the internal inaxillary, at the bottom of wards. It also performsthe grinding motion.
    the zygomatic fossa : after having passed through PTERYGOID NERTES. These are two in num
    the pterygo -palatine canal , it is distributed to ber.
    the superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid 1. The Pterygoid or Vidian Nerre . It arises
    bone , and the Eustachian tube . froin the posterior part of the spheno- palatine
    PTERYGOIDJEN 581 PUDIC

    ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of the Pubis results from the junction of the ossa
    sphenoid ; and , beyond , divides into two fila- pubis. The medium of union is cartilage.
    ments . 1. A superior or cranial,Nerous super- The Pubic Arch or Arch of the Puhis, ( F.)
    ficia'lis sivē petrosus, which ascends into the Arcade pubienne. The arch at the anterior part
    cranium , and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to of the inferior circumference of the pelvis . It
    unite with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or is more expanded in the female than in the
    carotid, Nervus profundus sivē major, which male ; to correspond with the additional func
    traverses the carotid canal , and unites with the tions, which she has to execute.
    ascending branches of the superior cervical The Pubic Lio'AMENTS are two very solid ,
    ganglion of the trisplanchnic. fibrous fasciæ , situate before and beneath the
    2. The Pterygoid Nerve, properly so called, symphysis pubis, which they strengthen . The
    Nerrus musculi pterygoidei, is given off by the one is called the anterior pubic ligament, the
    inferior maxillary
    branch of the 5th pair . other, the inferior or subpubic.
    PTERYGOIDI
    NE , PterygoideusEN, GRAND
    internus OU INTER / PUBIEN , Pubic .
    - p . Externe,Pterv.
    PUBIO.COCCYGIEN -ANNULAIRE, Pu
    goideus externus - p.Petit , Pterygoideus exter- bio-coccygeus annula'ris. Dumas gave this
    nus . nanie to the levator ani and ischio-coccygeus,
    PTERYGO'MA. A wing ; a projecting or which he considered a single muscle.
    pendulous body . A swelling of the vulva ,! PUBIO -COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, Le
    which prevents coition .-M . A. Severinus. vator Ani - p . Fémoral, Pectinalismp. Femora
    PTERYX , Ala . lis, Adductor longus femoris - p. Ombilical, Py
    PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis. ramidalis abdominis - p . Prostaticus, Compres
    PTISANA, Tisane - p. Communis, Decoc . sor prostatæ - p. Sous-ombilical, Pyramidalis ab
    tum hordei compositum - p. Hippocratica, De- dominis-p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis.
    coctum hordei. PUBIS , OS, Episei'on , Episi'on, Share Bone,
    PTISSANA , Tisane. Os Pec'tinis. The anterior part of the os inno
    PTOCHOCOMI'UM , from artw 705, ' a poor minatum , so called because it corresponds to
    person ,' andAnyouew
    dochi'um .
    , ' I take care of.' Procho- the genital organs and pubic region. The an
    almshouse . gle of the pubis is formed by the union of the
    PTOCHODOCHIOM , Ptochocomium . body and rami of each side .
    PTOMA, Cadaver . PUBʻLICÆ PARTES. Those organs are
    PTOSIS, Prolapsus - p. Bulbi oculi, Exoph- so called , the object of whose functions is the
    thalmia . nutrition of all the others . Such are the diges
    Prosis IR'idis , Prolap'sus Iridis, from iTuots, tive and respiratory organs.
    • a falling. A prolapsus of the iris through a PUCCOON , Sanguinaria Canadensis.
    wound of the cornea. It is known by a black- PUDDING -GRASS, Mentha pulegium .
    ish tubercle , which projects a little from the PUDENDA , Genital organs.
    cornea in various forms. PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word ; from
    Ptosis PalpebRÆ , Blepharoptosis. pudenda, “ the genital organs, ' and the Greek
    PTYALISM , Salivation . ayoa, “ a seizure.' According to some , this term
    PTYALISMUS ACUTUS MELLITUS, see means pain in the genital parts : according to
    Salivation--p. Acutus sympatheticus, see Sali- others , it is synonymous with syphilis.
    vation - p. Iners , Slavering. PUDENDAGRA , Syphilis.
    PTYALOGOGUE , Sialagogue . PUDENDAL HERNIA . Hernia, which
    PTYALON , Saliva. descends between the vagina and ramus ischii,
    PTYASMAGOGUE , Sialagogue . and forms an oblong tumour in the labium ;
    PTYELON , Saliva , Sputurr . traceable in the pelvis, as far as the os uteri.
    PTYSIS, Exspuition . PUDENDUM , FEMALE, Vulva- p. Mulie
    PTYSMA , Exspuition . bre , Vulva .
    PUANTEUR , Dysodia. PUDENDUS, Pudic .
    PUBERTAS , Ephebia. PUDIC , Pudi'cus, Puden'dus , (F. ) Honteur,
    PU’BERTY , Puber'las , Hebê, Pubes, Aphro- from pudor, shame.' That which causes
    di" sia , Ephebia, Ephebotes, Ephebo'synē . “ The shame. A name given to the genital organs
    period of life at which young people, of both ( 9. v .) as well as to different other parts.
    sexes , become nubile . According to the civil The Pudic ARTERIES are distributed to the
    law , puberty occurs at 12 years in females, and organs of generation. They are , -- ..
    14 in boys. The period, however, varies con- 1. The internal Pudic , Sous -pubienne (Ch .)
    siderably in different climates, and in different Arleria Pudi'ca , A. puden'da commu'nis, ( F.)
    individuals of the same climate . Artère honteuse interne , Gen'ital Artery . It is
    PUBES, Pubis, Epis'chion, Cteis, Pecten ; the furnished by the hypogastric , and divides into
    Pubic region , from pube're, “ to begin to be two branches; the one --the inferior or perineal
    covered with hair. ' " The middle part of the —which gives off the inferior hemorrhoidal
    hypogastric region ; so called , because it is and the artery of the septum ; and the other
    covered with hair, in both sexes, at the period the superior, (F.) Ischio- pénienne -- which fur
    of puberty. The hair is called Pubes. nishes the transverse perineal artery , and di
    Pubes, Puberty . vides into two branches ; the artery of the cor
    PUBIÆUS , Pubic. pus cacernosum , and the dorsalis penis. This
    PUBIC , Pubiun, Pu'bicus, Pubiæus, (F.) Pu- latter , in the female, has the name Dorsalis Cli
    bien. That which belongs to or concerns the toridis.
    pubis. 2. The external Pudic Arteries , A. scrotales
    The PUBIC ARTICULATION or Sym 'physis lou vulraires (Ch .), A. honteuses externes, which
    PUERILE 582 L'ULMONARY

    are two in number . The one is superficial or When the surface of the lungs is examined
    subcutaneous ; and the other deep-seated orsuba-ina clear light, we may see, even through the
    poneurotic. They are given off from the femo- pleura, that their parenchyma is formed by the
    ral artery or some one of its branches ; and are aggregation of a multitude of small vesicles, of
    distributed to the external parts of generation . an irregularly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of
    The Pupic NERVE, (F.) Nerf honteur, Nerf air, and separated by white and opaque septa .
    Ischio-pénien ou Ischio -clitorien (Ch.), is a branch These vesicles are called air -cells. Along the
    furnished by the sacral plexus, which is dis partitions or septa is deposited, in greater or
    tributed to the genital organs ; and, especially , less quantity, the black pulmonary matter, (F.)
    to the penis in man, and the clitoris in the fe- which
    Matièreseems
    pulmonaire noire, as it has been called,
    to be natural . Sometimes it is
    male .
    PU’ERILE , Pueri'lis, from puer, ' a child. ' seen in points ; at others, in spots.
    A term applied to the respiration when it be. The colour of the lungs varies according to
    comes very sonorous by the stethoscope, as in age and other circumstances. In youth , it is
    healthy children. more red ; and , afterwards, grayish or bluish ;
    PUER’PERA , Tokas, Lochos ; a lying-in- often , as ifmarbled . The pleura pulmonalis is
    woman , ( F. ) Femme en Couche, Accouchée. A their investing membrane.
    female in child- bed. One recently delivered . The air is carried to the lungs by means of
    PUER'PERAL FEVER. Any fever occur. the trachea and bronchi. The black venous
    ring during the puerperal state , Febris Puer- blood , which requires oxygenation , is conveyed
    pera'rum , Child -bed ' fever. Most commonly to them from the heart, by the pulmonary ar
    restricted to a malignant variety of Peritonitis, tery ; and, when it has undergone this change ,
    (q. v . ) it is returned to the heart by the pulmonary
    PUERPERIUM , Parturition . veins. The blood vessels, inservient to the
    PUFF- BALL , Lycoperdon . nutrition of the lungs, are the bronchial arteries
    PUFFINESS, from (D.) poffen,'to blow ;' and veins. The pulmonary lymphatics are
    Infla'tio , Tumefactio mollis, (F. ) Bouffissure, very numerous. Some are superficial ; others,
    Boursoufiure. A soft intumescence, without deep -seated . They pass , for the most part, into
    redness , which may be partial or general , and the bronchial ganglions or glands. The nerves
    be produced by an accumulation of serousfluid, are furnished by the pulmonary plexus.
    extravasation of blood , effusion of air into the PULMONAIRE DES FRANCAIS, Hiera
    subcutaneous cellular tissue , & c . Puffiness is cium murorum .
    PULMONA’RIA, P. officina'lis, P. Macula'ta,
    most frequently seen in the face and legs ; and,
    sometimes , appears around a wound . P. Maculo'sa , Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort,
    PUGIL'LUS, Drax , Drachion, from pugnus, Jeru'salem Cowslip , Jerusalem Sage, Spotted
    ' the fist ; ' Dragmis, (F.) Pincée. The quantity Comfrey, (F.) Sauge de Jerusalem . Family,
    of any substance, which may be taken with the Boragineæ. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
    end of two or three fingers. The eighth part of The leaves of this plant have been used as de
    a handful. mulcents and pectorals ; partly from their re
    PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium-p. Cervi- semblance to lungs; and, partly, because they
    num , Mentha cervina . manifest a slightly mucilaginous taste . The
    PÚLEX PENETRANS, Chique. plant is not worthy of notice.
    PULICA'RIS, Pulicula'ris, from puler, ' a PULMONARIA , Pneumonia - p . Arborea, Li
    gnat. ' An epithet given to cutaneous eruptions chen pulmonarius-p. Gallica , Hieracium mu
    resembling gnat-bites ;-and, also, to the dis- rorum.
    eases in which such eruptions occur . PULMONARY, Pulmona'ris, Pulmona'lis.
    PulicARIS HERBA , Plantago psyllium. That which relates or belongs to the lungs. A
    PULMO, Pulmo'nes, Pneumon , Pleumon, name given to various parts .
    Spiramen'tum animæ, Ergasterion spiritus, 1. The PULMONARY ARTERY, Arteria pulmo
    Flabell'um et ventild'brum cordis, the Lung. na'ris, arises from the upper and left part of the
    The essential organ of respiration, which is right ventricle of the heart ; whence it passes
    double, and occupies the two sidesof the chest. obliquely upwards and to the left side ; di.
    The lungs , which are of a spongy , soft, flexi. viding into two trunks, opposite the second
    ble , compressible , and dilatable structure, fill dorsal vertebra - one passing to each lung . At
    exactly the two cavities of the thorax, and are its origin , it is furnished with three sigmoid or
    separated from each other by the mediastinum semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the
    and the heart. The right lung, which is shorter lungs for aeration.
    and broader than the left, is divided, by two 2. The PULMONARY Veins , Venæ pulmona'res,
    oblique fissures, into three unequal lobes. The Arte'riæ veno'sæ. These arise in the lungs from
    left has only two lobes, and consequently only the final terminations of the arteries of the
    one fissure . At the internal surface of those same name ; collect in ramusculi and rami of
    organs, which is slightly concave , there is, greater and greater size, and ultimately unite
    about the middle, a pedicle , forined by the in four trunks ; two of which issue from each
    bronchia and pulmonary vessels, and called,by lung to open into the left auricle of the heart.
    anatomists, the root of the lungs, ( F.) Racine The pulmonary veins have the same structure
    des Poumons. as the other veins of the body ; from which
    Essentially , the lungs are composed of pro- they differ, in containing arterial blood, as the
    longations and ramifications of the bronchia, pulmonary artery differs from the others in con.
    and of the pulmonary arteries and veins,-the veying venous blood . They carry the blood
    divisions of which are supported by a fine, cel . back to the heart after aeration.
    Tular tissue . 1 3. The PULMONARY Plexus, Plexus pulmo
    PULMONIA 583 PULSE

    naris. A considerable nervous network , situ- pose , they are bruised in a mortar, and then
    ate behind the bronchi ; and which is formed passed through a hair sieve, by the aid of a
    by the filaments of the pneumogastric nerve wooden spatula, called a Pulper, (F.) Pulpoire.
    or par vagum , and by other filaments from the PULPOIRE . See Pulping.
    inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Anemone
    ganglia. This plexus forms a kind of areolar pratensis - p. Vulgaris,Anemone pulsatilla.
    web, with numerous meshes of different sizes , PULSATILLE NOIRE , Anemone pratensis
    in which vessels are lodged, surrounded by -p. des Prés, Anemone pratensis.
    much cellular tissue . This plexus sends fila- PULSA'TION , Pulsa'lio, Sphygmos, Sphyxis,
    ments to the bronchi, which they accompany to Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, ( F.) Battement. The
    their extremities . beating of the heart and arteries . Also, the i
    PULMONARY MATTER, BLACK . See Pulmo . beating felt in an inflamed part.
    PULMONIA , Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneu- PULSATIVUS , Throbbing .
    monia . PULSE, from pulso, “ I beat ;' Pulsus, Pulsa' !
    PULMON'IC , Pulmon'icus, Pneumon'icus, tio, Putsus cordis et aiteria'rum, Ictus cordis et
    Pulmona'rius. One attacked with pulmonia– arteria'rum, Incursus arteria'rum . Sphyginos,
    one labouring under disease of the lungs. Any Diasphyxis, (F.) Pouls. Beating of the arte
    thing relating or belonging to the lungs. Å ries, produced by the afflux of the blood pro
    medicine for the lungs. pelled by the heart in its contractions. For
    PULP, Pulpa, Pulpa'men , Sarr. The soft and the sake of convenience , we choose the radial
    parenchymatous parts of vegetables, reduced artery at the wrist to detect the precise charac
    to a paste by the operation of pulping. ter of the pulse. These characters relate to
    PULPA CASSIÆ . See Cassia fistula. the number of pulsations in a given time ; to
    PULPA PRUNORUM SYLVESTRIUM their degrees of quickness ; hardness, and
    CONDITA , Conserva pruni sylvestris. strength ; to the equality or inequality, either 1
    PULPAMEN , Pulp. of the pulsations themselves or of their inter
    PULPE DENTAIRE, Dental pulp. vals ; to the development or fulness of the ar :
    PULPEZIA , Apoplexy. tery, and to the different impressions it may
    PULPING, Pulpa'tion , Pulpa'tio. An ope- produce on the finger.
    ration - the object of which is to reduce certain The following estimates have been made of
    vegetable substances to a pulp . For this pur- the pulse at various ages :

    Ages. Number of beats per minute , according to

    HEBERDEN. SÖMMERING . MÜLLER

    In the embryo, 150


    At the birth , 130 to 140 Do. Do.
    One month , 120
    One year , 120 to 308 120 115 to 130
    Two years , 108 to 90 110 100 to 115
    Three years , 90 to 80 90 90 to 100
    Seven years , 72 85 to 90
    Twelve years , 70
    Puberty , 80 80 to 85
    Adult, 70 70 to 75
    Old age , 60 50 to 65

    It does not appear, from recent researches , place, along the veins, giving rise to the
    6
    that the pulse of the aged is less frequent, but denous pulse.'
    the contrary: Pulse, ARDENT, Pulsus ardens, (F. ) Pouls
    In general, the pulse is more frequent in ardent, Pouls élevé . One which seems to raise
    females and in irritable persons, than in males itself to a point in order to strike the finger.
    and those of an opposite temperament. In the Pulsus CAPRI'ZANS , (F.) Pouls caprisant.
    healthy state, the pulse, besides having the pro- One, which seems to leap, asit were.
    per number of pulsations, is neither hardnor Pulse, Complex, (F.) Pouls combiné ou com
    unusually soft; it is moderately developed ; of posé, P. compliqué. A pulse, which has the
    a medium strength ; and perfectly equal, both character of several critical pulses united .
    as regards the pulsations and their intervals. Pulse, CONTRACTED , ( F.) Pouls serré, P.con
    In disease, it wanders, more or less, from these centré. One, whose pulsations are narrow ,
    physiological conditions. deep, and slightly hard.
    The different characters of the pulse , that Pulse , Convul'SIVE, Pulsus condulsi'dus,
    have been enumerated, are remarkably great. (F.) Pouls convulsif. That which is unequally
    In a Dictionary, it is necessary to detail them , frequent or unequally hard ; in short, which
    although many of them are not now regarded ; resembles the irregular pulsation of a muscular
    and some are ridiculous . fibre in a state of convulsion .
    At times, when an impediment exists to the Pulse , CRIT'ICAL, Pulsus criticus. A pulse
    flow of blood along the pulmonary arteries, which, after having possessed the characters of
    either owing to mechanical obstruction or to irritation,
    diminished force of the ventricle, a reflux takes
    becomes free, open, soft, & c .
    Pulse , DEEP , (F.) Pouls profond. One
    PULSE 584 PULSE

    which cannot be felt without difficulty, and whose pulsations are unequal, and return at
    finger. unequal intervals .
    Pulsusstrong
    without pressure
    DEFic" F) the
    IENS, ( by Pouls défaillant, P. Pulse of IRRITATION , Pulsus ab irritatio'ne
    insensible . One which seems, every instant , seu nerdi'nus seu acriticus. It is frequent,
    about to cease . hard, and contracted.
    Pulse, DEPRESSED , Pulsus depres'sus, (F.) Pulse, JARRING , P. vibrating -- p. Jerking,
    Pouls déprimé. That which is deep and weak . Pulse, sharp.
    Pulse, Devel'OPEN, ( F.) Pouls développé , PulsE, LANGUID, ( F.) Pouls languissant. A
    That which is broad, full, strong ,and frequent. slow and feeble pulse.
    Pulse , LARGE, Pulsus crassus, P. magnus,
    Pulsus Dic'rotus, P. bife'riens, (F.) P. di- (F.) Pouls grand, P. large. That which is
    crote,P. rebondissant, P. redoublé. Thatin large
    which the finger is struck twice at each pul .
    and full.
    Pulse , Long . One which strikes the finger
    sation : once lightly, the other time more to a greatextent in length.
    strongly. PULSE, Low , Pulsus hu'milis, (F. ) Pouls bas.
    PULSE,
    which the EQUAL, Pulsus
    pulsations æqua'lis.
    resemble That in One in which the pulsations are scarcely per
    each other, and ceptible.
    return at equal intervals . Pulse, Myu'rus , ( F.) Pouls myure. One
    Pulse, FEBRILE, Pulsus febri'lis. One very which goes on diminishing. See Myurus.
    Pulse , Nasal , ( F. ) Pouls nasal , P. capital, P.
    frequent.
    Pulse, FEEBLE , WEAK. Pulsus debilis, (F.) du Nez. One supposed to announce the end of
    Pouls faible. One which strikes the finger an irritation in the nasal fossæ .
    feebly . Pulse, NATURAL , (F. ) Pouls naturel des
    Pulse, FıL'IFORM , P. thready. One which Adultes, P. parfait, P. des Adultes, P. modéré.
    resembl es a thread slightly vibrating. One that is equal and regular in strength and
    Pulsus FORMICANS, (F. ) Pouls formicant.frequency ; compressible , and devoid of hard
    One which resembles, by being small and ness .
    scarcely perceptible, the motion of an ant. Pulse, ORGANIC , (F.) Pouls organique. One
    Pulsus Fortis ; a strong pulse; ( F.) Pouls which indicates the affected organ ,or the organ
    fort, P. réhément. One which strikes the finger by which any evacuation will take place.
    strongly. Pulse, Pec'TORAL , ( F. ) Pouls de l'expectora
    PULSE, FREQUENT, (F.) P.agité, P.précipité, tion . A critical pulse, announcing the termi
    One which strikes more frequently than usual nation of some pulmonary irritation.
    in a given time. Pulse , Quick. One which strikes sharply ,
    Pulse , Full, Pulsus plenus,(F.) Pouls plein. but not forcibly, against the finger.
    One which gives the notion of great repletion Pulse , REG'ULAR, Pulsus norma'lis aut re
    in the vessel. gulu'ris. One whose pulsations are equal, and
    Pulse, GUT'TURAL, Pulsus guttura'lis, (F.) succeed each other at equal intervals.
    Pouls guttural. A pulse wbich has been sup- Pulse , Resisting , ( F.) Pouls résistant. One
    posed to indicate the termination of affections a little tense, a little hard,
    Pul'sus SERRI'NUS, ( F.) Pouls serrin , P. set
    of the throat.
    Pulse, Hard , Pulsus durus, (F.) Pouls dur. rutile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly,
    That in which the pulp of the finger seems to at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw .
    yield to the pulsation. Pulse , SHARP , (F.) Pouls prompt, P. vite, P.
    Pulse HEMORRHOI'D AL,(F.) Pouls des hémor- rif. One which strikes the finger sharply,
    rhoides. A critical pulse, announcing the ap- rapidly. When to a greater extent, it is called
    pearance of the hemorrhoidal Aux. It is de- a jerking pulse.
    scribed as unequal;—the pulsations not being Pulsus StrictUS, ( F. ) Pouls étroit. One
    alike in force , and still less the intervals. which strikes the finger to a small extent in
    Pulse , HEPATIC , ( F.) Pouls du Foie. A pulse breadth.
    imagined to indicate affections of the liver. It Pulse , Slow , Pulsus tardus, ( F.) Pouls lent,
    is not worthy of description . P. tardif, P. rare. One which strikes the
    Pulsus INÆQUA'lis. Unequal pulse, (F. ) finger slowly.
    Pouls inégal. One whose pulsations are not Pulse, Small, Pulsus parnus, (F.) Pouls
    alike , or return at unequal intervals. petit. One whose pulsations are slender and
    Pulsus INFERIOR, ( F. ) Pouls inférieur, P. weak.
    abdominal, P. ventral. One supposed to an- Pulse , Soft, Pulsus mollis, ( F.) Pouls mou .
    . nounce evacuations below the diaphragm . One which yields under the finger.
    Pulse, INTERCURʼRENT, One in which a super- Pulse , Simple, Pulsus simplex. A critical
    Auous pulsation seems to occur from time to pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ
    time. only .
    PULSE , INTERMIT'TENT, (F.) Pouls intercadent. Pulse , SUPPLE, Pulsus elas'ticus, (F. ) Pouls
    One in which the pulsations fail from time to souple. One in which the pulsations have
    time. strength without hardness .
    Pulse , INTESTINAL , (F. ) Pouls des Intestins, Pulse STOM'ACHAL , (F. ) Pouls stomacal, P.
    P. de la diarrhée. A critical pulse, presumed de l'estomac. One supposed to announce an
    to announce an evacuation by the intestines . evacuation by the stomach.
    Pulsus INTRICA'TUS , ( F.). Pouls embarrassé. Pulsus Supora'lis , (F. ) Pouls Sudoral, P.
    That which is but little developed , and un- de la sueur. A critical pulse, indicating an ap
    equally slow . proaching perspiration.
    Pulse , IRREG'ULAR, Pulsus anorma'lis. Ono Pulsus SUPERIOR, (F. ) Pouls supérieur. A
    PULSILEGIUM 585 PULVIS

    critical pulse, supervening on irritation of p. Alexiterius, P. contrayervæ comp - p. Alex .


    organs situate above the diaphragm . iterius, P. ipecacuanhæ compositus - p. Al
    Pulse , TENSE, CORDY, Pulsus tensus, (F.) garothi, Algaroth .
    Pouls tendu , P. roide. One in which the artery Pulvis ALOEs Compos'itus , Compound Pow
    resembles a cord fixed at its two extremities . der of Aloes, Puldis Aloës cum Guaiaco , P.
    When resembling a wire , it is called wiry. aloël'icus cum Guaiaco. ( Aloës spicat. ext. Ziss,
    Pulse , THREADY, P. filiform . guaiac, gum . res . 3j, pulv . cinnam. comp. zss .
    Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulsus trem'ulens, (F.) Rub the aloes and guaiacum separately, then
    Pouls tremblant, P. palpitant. One in which mix sudorific
    the whole. Dose
    Ph. L.) Cathartic, stomachic,
    gr. to Oj .
    each pulsation oscillates. and . , x
    Pulse , UNDULATING , (F. ) Pouls ondulant, P. Pulvis Aloes CUM CANEL'LA , Powder of
    ondoyant. One which resembles , in its move. Aloes with Canclla , Species Hi'ere pictue, Hieru
    ments, those of the waves. picra, Pulvis Aloëticus. ( Aloës hepat. ibj, canel
    PULSE, UNEqual, Pulsus inæqualis.- p. ve- la albæ 3iij. Rub separately into a powder,
    nous, Pulsus venarum . and mix . Ph. D. ) A warm cathartic . Dose,
    Pulsus Urina'lis, (F.) Pouls de l'urine. A gr. x to Oj .
    critical pulse, fancied to denote an approaching Pulvis Aloes CUM Guaiaco , P. A. composi
    evacuation of urine . tus - p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella - p.
    Pulsus UTERI'NUS, (F.) Pouls Utérin, P. de Aloeticus, Hiera picra- p. Aluminosus, P. sul
    la matrice, P. des Règles. One which indi- phatis aluminæ compositus—p. Aluminis com
    cates the flow of the menses, or the occurrence positus, P. sulphatis_aluminæ compositus-p .
    of metrorrhagia. Aluminis kinosatus, P. sulphatis aluminæ com
    Pulse , VERMIC'ULAR. That which imitates positus .
    the movement of a worm . Pulvis DE AMA'Ris Compos'Itus , Pulvis anti
    Pulse, Vibrating ; a Jarring Pulse.One arthriticus ama'rus, (F.) Poudre antiarthritique
    in which the artery seems to vibrate like a amère. ( Rad. gentian, aristoloch. rotund., 'áa
    musical string. p. 3, flor, centaur . min . p . 4 , fol. chamædr.
    Pulsus, see Pulse -- p. Acriticus, Pulse of chamæpith. manipul - f. pulvis, Ph. l'.) In gouty
    irritation --p . Æqualis, Pulse, equal - p . Anor- affections, dyspepsia, & c. Dose, gr. xx.
    malis, Pulse, irregular — p. Biferiens, P. dicrotus Pulvis ANGELICUS, Algaroth - p : Anodynus,
    -p.Crassus, Pulse, large - p. Debilis, Pulse, fee. P. ipecacuanhæ comp.-P. Antacidus, P. crete
    ble-p. Durus,Pulse,hard - p. Elasticus, Pulse , compositus- p. Antiacidus, P. de magnesiâ
    supple -- p. Humilis, Pulse, low -p: Magnus, compos.- - p . Antiarthriticus amarus, P. de ama
    Pulse, large - p. Mollis, Pulse, soft - p . Ner-ris compositus - p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P.
    vinus, Pulse of irritation - p. Normalis, Pulse, de sennâ , scammoneâ et lignis - p. Antiasth
    regular - p. Parvus, Pulse , small - p . Plenus, maticus, P. de sulphure et scillâ.
    Pulse, full - p. Tardus , Pulse , slow . Pulvis Antilys'sus, Mead's Powder against
    of ash - co
    Pulsus Vacuus, ( F.) Pouls vide. One which the bite of a mad dog. It consisted equal
    gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. loured liverwort in powder, with an quan .
    Pulsus VENARUM , Venous Pulse, Phlebopa'lia. tity of black pepper ; a drachm and a half of
    A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular the two forming a dose for an adult.
    veins. It is owing to some of the blood of the Pulvis ANTIMONIALIS, Antimonial powder.
    right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle , Pulvis DE ARO Compos'itus, Compound
    and communicating an impulse to the venous Powder of Arum, ( F.) Poudre of Birckmann.
    blood arriving in the auricle through the de. (Rad.ari,acori veri,pimpinell.saxifrag. aa 40 p.,
    scending cava. It is often a sign of impedi- ocul. cancror. ppt. 12 p. , cinnam . 7 p ., potasse
    ment to the flow of blood along the pulmonary sulph . 6 p . , ammoniæ muriat. 2 p., f. pulv. Ph.
    artery . P.) Sternutatory.
    PÚLSILE'GIUM , Pulsilogium , Pulsim'eter, Pulvis AROMATICUS , P. cinnamomi composi
    from pulsus, ' the pulse ,' and logo, ' I tell. ' tus.
    Sphygmom'eter . Any instrument for measuring Pulvis As'ari Compos'ıtus , P. sternutato .
    the quickness of thepulse. rius, P. errhi'nus, P. capita'lis Sancti Angeli , P.
    PULSIMANTI'A ; from pulsus and parteia, cephalicus, Cephalic snuff, Compound Powder
    divination .' The art of predicting or prog- of Asarabac'ca, (F.) Poudre d'asarum composée
    nosticating by the pulse . dite sternutatoire, P. de Saint- Ange. ( Folior.
    PULSIMETER , Pulsilegium . asur. europ. p. tres ., fol. origan, majoranæ , flor.
    PULTICULA , Bouillie . lavand. spic., sing. p. 1. Rub into powder. Ph.
    PULVERIZATION , Pulveriza'tio, Pulvera'- L. ) Sternutatory .
    tio, Coniosto'sis. The operation of dividing Pulvis Auri, see Gold-p . e. Bolo composi
    substances, so as to reduce them to powder. tus cum opio, P. cretæ compositus cum opio
    PULVILLUS , Pad . p. e Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. cretæ
    PULVINAR PARVUM , Pad. compositus - p: Cambogiæ compositus, P. e
    PULVIS, Conis, (F.) Poudre. A substance, gummi guttâ - p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pul
    reduced into small particles by pulverization . vis asari compositus -- p.Carbonatis calcis com
    Simple powders are those of a single substance; positus, P. cretæ compositus- p. Cardiacus, P.
    compound , those which result from a mixture of contrayervæ comp.-p. Carthusianorum , Anti
    several different powders. An impalpable pow - monii sulphuretum rubrum - .p . Catharticus, P.
    der is one which is so fine, that it can scarcely scammoneæ comp.-p. Cephalicus, P. asari
    be felt under the finger. A compound powder compositus.
    was, formerly, called Species, ( F.) Espèce. Pulvis CINNAMO'MI COMPOS'itus , Compound
    Púlyis ABSORBENS, P. de magnesiâ compos.- Powder of Cin'namon, Pulvis seu Species Imn
    74
    PULVIS 586 PULVIS

    perato'ris, P. vitæ Imperato'ris, P. Diarom'aton, siâ compositus - p. Errhinus, P. asari composi


    Species diucinnamo'mi, S. lætifican'tes Rhazis, tus — p. Galactopæus, P. de magnesiâ compos.
    Tra'gea aromatica, Species Diam'bre sine odora'- Pulvis É GUMMI GUTTA, P. Cambo'giæ com
    tis , Species aromatica , Pulvis aromaticus. (F.) positus , P. hydrugogus, Camboge Powder, (F.)
    Poudre de canelle composée ou aromatique. (Cort. Poudre hydragogue ou de gomme gutte, P. de
    cinnam . Zij, sem . cuidam . Ziss , rad, zingib. 3j , Quercetanus. ( Rud. jalap. 24 p. rud. mechoacan ,
    piperis long. fruct. 5 ss. Rub to a fine powder. 12 p ., cinnam . et rhei.aa 8 p. , gum . cambog. 3 p.,
    Ph. L.) Stimulant and carminative . Dose , gr. fol. soldanella sicc. 6. p. semin . anisi 12 p., fiat
    x to Dj . pulvis. Ph. P.) A drastic cathartic. In ana.
    Pulvis Cobbli seu TONQUINEN'sis. The fa. sarca and in worms. Dose , gr. xv to xxx.
    mous Tonquin powder, introduced into England Pulvis Gummo'sus ALKALI'Nus, Sapo vegeta'
    by a Mr. Cobb. It was composed of 16 grains bilis, (F.) Poudre de suron végétal. (Guaiac.
    of musk , and 48 grains of cinnabar mixed in a pulv. 32 p ., potass. carb. 4 p . Make into a
    gill of arrack .
    It was formerly regarded as a powder. Ph . P.) Antacid .
    specific in hydrophobia . Pulvis Ex HELMINTHOCORẤTO COMPOSITUS,
    Pulvis Comitis WARWICENSIS, P. Cornachi- P. vermifugus absque mercu'rio, ( F.) Poudre
    ni-p. Comitissæ , Cinchona. vermifuge suns mercure. ( Fuc. helminthocort.,
    Pulvis CONTRAYER'vÆ Compositus , Lapis sem . contra ., summitat. absinth ., tanaccti, fol.
    contrayerræ, Contrayerca balls, Compound Pow scordii ,senna, rhai. aā. p. æ, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.)
    der of Contrayer'va,Pulris cardiacus, P. alexite'- Dose, Aj to 3j .
    rius, P. Mantua'nus. (Contrayerv. rad . contrit . Pulvis HYDRAGOGUS, P. e . gummi guttâ--P .
    Zv , test. prep. Ibiss . Mix . Ph. L.) Stimulant Hydrargyri cinereus, see Hydrargyri oxydum
    and sudorific . Dose, gr . xv to gss. cinereum - p. Hypnoticus, Hydrargyri sulphu
    Pulvis Cornacin'ni, Diaceltates'son Para- retum nigrum - p. Imperatoris, P. cinnamomi
    celsi, Earl of Warwick's Powder, Pulis Oz'ydi compositus -- p: Incisivus , P. de sulphure et
    Slibii compos'itus, Pulris Com'itis Warwicen'sis ,scillà - p . Pro infantibus, P. de magnesiâ com
    Pulvis de Tribus , Cer'berus Triceps , Pulris pos.- p. Infantum , P. de magnesiâ compos.
    Scummo'nii untimonia'lis. ( F.) Poudré Corna- p. Infántum antacidus, P. de magnesiâ com
    chine. ( Scammon . Alep ., potass. supertart., positus.
    untim .diaph . aa p. æ f. pulvis Ph. P.) Cathar- Pulvis IPECACOANIÆ COMPOSITUS , P. aleri
    tic . Used chiefly in cutaneous diseases. Dose, te'rius, P. anod 'ynus, P.diaphoret'icus, P. diap
    3 ss to 3j . no'icus , P. sudorif'icus, P. sudorif'icus, Dore'ri,
    Pulvis Cornu Usti CUM O'pio, Pulvis opia '. Compound powder of Ipecacuanha, P. Ipecacu
    lus, Pouder of Burnt Hartshorn with opium, anhé et Opii, Dover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de
    ( F.) Poudre de corne brulée avec l'opium . ( Opii Dover ou d'ipecacuanha et d'opiwin , P.de Dower.
    duri cont. 3 ), corn ust. et præp. 3j, coccor. cont. (Ipecacuanh . rad. cont., opii duri cont., sing.
    3j: Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains contain one of 3j, potassa sulphat.cont.zj.) Mix . Diaphoretic.
    opium . Anodyne. Dose , gr. v to gr. xij .
    Pulvis CRETACEUS, P. cretæ compositus. Pulvis IPECACUANHA ET Opus , P. ipecacu
    Pulvis CRETÆ Compos’itus , P. Carbona'lis anhæ compos.
    Calcis compositus, Compound Pouder of chalk , Pulvis JALAPÆ COMPOSITUS, P. Diatur'pethi
    P. creta'ceus, Species e Scordio sine opio, Dias compositus, Compound Powder of Jalap, Puldis
    cor'dium , 1720). Pulris antac" idus, P. ierres'tris, larans, P. purgans, P. laxati'rus regetabi'lis, P.
    Species Diacre'ta, (with Bole Armeniac in place laxans cum salė, P. jalap'e salinus,P. J. tartar'
    of chalk -- the Pulvis e Bolo compositus sine icus, Spe'ices Diajalapė, (F.) Poudre de jalap
    opio, (F.) l'oudre de craie composée. (Creta composée. (Pulr. jalap. 1 p ., potass. supertart.
    ppt. Ibss . cinnam . cort. Giv , tormentill. rad. , 2 p . Mix . Ph . E.) Cathartic. Dose , Dj to gij .
    acacia gum ., sing. 3iij , pip. long. fruct. ziv . Pulvis JALAPÆ Salints, P. jalapæ composi
    Reduce separately to a fine powder and mix . tus -- p. Jalapæ tartaricus , P. jalapæ compositus
    Ph. L. ) Antacid , stomachic,absorbent. Dose , -p. de Jalapâ et scammonio compositus, P:
    gr. xx.to 2ij . scammoneæ comp.-p. Jamesii , Antimonial
    Polyis Crete Compositus Cum Orio , Com- powder - p Jesuiticus, Cinchona- p.Joannis de
    pound Powder of Chalk with opium , Pulris e Vigo , Hydrargyri nitrico -oxydum .
    Cretâ composiluscum opio ( with Bole Armeniac Pulvis Kino Compositus, Compound Pouder
    instead of chalk - Pulvis e Bolo compositus cum of Kino, ( F.) Poudre de kino composée , (kino
    opio, Species e Scordio cum opio, (F.) Poudre de 3xv, cort. cinnam. ziv, opii duri zj. Rub each
    craie composée arec !'opium . Pulv. cret. c. to powder and mix . Ph. L.) Astringent. Dose,
    3 vjss , opi duri cont. Div . Mix. Ph. L.) Con- gr. v to xx .
    tains one grain of opium in 40. Anodyne and Pulvis LAXANS, P. jalapa compositus - p.
    absorbent. Dose , aj to Jij. Laxans cum sale, P. jalape compositus - p.
    Purvis DIAPHORETICUS, P.ipecacuanhæ comp. Laxativus vegetabilis , P. jalapæ compositus.
    -p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanhæ comp.-p. Pulvis DE MAGNE'SIA COMPOSITUS, P. Ga
    Diaromaton, P. cinnamomi compositus - p. Dia lactopa’us, P. Nulri'cuin , P. Infun'tum , P. In.
    senæ, P. sennæ compos .--- p. Diatur pethicompo- fantumantuc'idus, P. pro Infan'tibus, P. antiac" .
    situs, P. jalapæ compositus. Marchio'num ,
    idus, P. absor'bens, P. epilep'ticus
    Pulvis Ducis PontLAN'DI , Duke of Port- Compound lowder of Magne'sia, ( F.) Poudre
    land's Gout Pourder.. ( Rad . aristoloch ., gen- absorbante et anti-acide. ( Vagnesiæ, succhur.
    tiana , summit, chamadr., centaur . min . aä p. a. ) aă p. æ. Mix. Ph . P.)
    Dose, gss to 3j . Pulvis MANTUANUS, P.contrayervæ comp.
    Pulvis EMMENAGOGUS, P. myrrhæ composi- p. Marchionis, M. pulvis - p. Mercurialis cine
    tus-p . Epilepticus marchionum , P. de magne- Treus, Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum-p.ad Mu
    PULVIS 587 PUNCTURE

    cuin pulmonalem liberius ciendum , P. de sul- jou anti-asthmatique. ( Sacchar. alb. p. 3 , sul
    phure et scillâ . phur. lot. p . 2. scille. siccat. p . j . Ph . P.) Dose,
    Pulvis MYRRHÆ Compositus, P. e . Myrrhâ gr. v. to 3ss.
    compositus, Compound Myrrh Powder, Pulris ad Pulvis D E SULPHATE POTAS'sÆ Compositus,
    ulcera tendinum , P.Emmenagogus, ( F.) Poudre P. tem'perans Stal'lii, ( F. ) Poudre tempérante
    Balsamique. (Myrrhæ, sabine, rule , castor. de Stahl . (Potass . sulph. et nitrat. aa 9 p. , hy A
    russ, aa 3j.) A stimulant, antispasmodic, and drurg. sulph . rubr. 2. p . Mix . Ph . P. ) As an
    emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv to xl . antiphlogistic and in acidity of the first pas
    Pulvis NUTRICUM , P. de magnesiâ composi- sages. Dose, Dj to Dij.
    tus- p . Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio - p. Pulvis E SULPHURE'To Hyprar'gyRI NIGRO
    Oxydi stibii compositus, P. cornachini -.p. Par- ET SCAMMO'Nio, dictus VERMIF'ugus MERCU
    turiens, Ergot-- p . de Phosphate calcis et stibii | Ria'lis, ( F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle.
    compositus, Antimonial powder - p. Principis , ( Pulv. cornachin ., hydrarg. sulphuret . nigr. 10
    Hydrargyri nitrico -oxydum - p. Purgans, P. cent , præp ., áă p. æ . Mix . Ph. P.) Dose, Dj
    jalapæ compositus -- p. Quercetanus, Hydrargyri to zss.
    submurias. Pulvis SYMPATHETICUS, Sympathetic pow
    Pulvis QUERCUS Mari'N E , Pouder of Yel. der-p. Temperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate po
    low Bladder -Wrack. ( The wrack in fruit,dried, tassæ compositus - p. Terrestris, P. creta com
    cleaned , exposed to a red heat in a crucible positus.
    with a perforated lid , and then reduced to pow. Pulvis TRAGACAN’TU Æ Compos'itus, Species
    der. Ph. D ) Virtuesdependent on the iodine. Diatragacantha frig'ide, Pulcis e Tragacan'
    Used , conscquently , in bronchocele, & c. Dose, thâ compositus, Compound Powder of Traga
    gr. x to xl . canth , ( F.) Poudre de gomme adragant com .
    Pulvis Quercus Marina, see Fucus vesicu- posée. ( Tragacanth. contus., acacia gummicont.,
    losus . amyli, sing . Giss. sacch . purif. 3ij. Ph. L )
    Pulvis SCAM MO'NE A COMPOSITUS, Compound Demulcent. In coughs, & c. Dose , 3ss to 3iij.
    Powder of Scammony, Pulvis e Scammonio com- Pulvis De Tribus, P. cornachini - p . Tun
    positus, Pulvis Scammonii, Pulris de Jalapâ et quinensis, P. Cobbii - p. ad Ulcera tendinum
    Scammo'nio compositus, dictus Cathar'ticus, ( F.) P. myrrhæ compositus - p . Vermifugus absque
    Poudre cathartique ou Poudre de Scammonée mercurio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp.-p.
    composée. ( Scammon., ext. jalap. dur., sing., Vermifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hy 1
    Zij , ngib.rad. įss. Rub separately to a pow - drargyri nigro et scammonio - p. Vitæ impera
    der and mix . Ph. L.) Cathartic . Dose, gr. toris, P. cinnamomicompositus .
    viij to gr. xv . PUMEX , Pumice, (F.) Pierre Ponce. This
    Polvis SCAMMONII CUM ALOE, P. e Scammonio was formerly employed as a desiccative and
    cum Aloë, Scammony and Aloes Powder. ( Scam- dentifrice .
    mon . zvj, ezt. jalap, dur., aloës socotr. āă Ziss, PUMICE, Pumex.
    zing. zss.) Cathartic. Dose , gr. x . to xv. PUMILIO , Nanus.
    Pulvis SCAMMONTI ANTIMONIALIS, P. corna- PUMILUS, Nanus.
    chini. PUNA , Veta, Sorocco. A sickness common in
    Pulvis SENNÆ Compositus , Compound pow . the elevated districts of South America , which
    der of Senna, Pulris e Senâ compositus, P. e attacks those unaccustom : d to breathe the rare
    Sennâ compositus, pulvis Diasc'na, ( F.) Poudre fied atmosphere. It strongly resembles sea
    de séné composée . ( Senne folior., potass. su- sickness, with a most acute and depressing
    pertart., sing. Zij, scammon . Zss , rad, zingib . 3ij. throbbing in the head. It does not often affect
    Ph. L.) Cathartic, hydragogue. Dose, Sj the respiration considerably.
    to 3j. PUNISE , Cimex .
    PuLVIS DE SENNA, SCAMMONIO ET LIGNIS PUNCH , Rhizagra , pitayga , from pun'gere,
    Compositus,dictus AntiARTHRIT'icus Purgans, “ to prick.' Repulso'rium , ( F.) Repoussoir. A
    ( F.) Poudré de Pérard. (Gum . arab ., potass. surgical instrument, used for extracting the
    suportart., fol. sennæ , china , áā , 4. p., scammon ., stumps of teeth .
    rad. sarsapar., china, guaiac. lign. aà 2 p. , fiat PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS , Ossification ,
    pulvis. Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate points of.PUNCTÆ MUCOSÆ . See Acne.
    gout. Dose , 3j.
    Pulvis Stanni , see Tin -- p. Sternutatorius, PUNCTICULÆ , Petechiæ .
    P. asari compositus - p. Stibialus, Antimonial PUNCTIO , Paracentesis.
    powder- p . Stypticus, P. sulphatis alumine PUNCTUM AU'REUM , Punctu'ra aurea .
    compositus - p . Sudorificus , P. ipecacuanha Formerly , when an intestinal hernia was re
    comp - p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. ipecacuanhæ duced - by an incision made through the in
    compositus. teguments down to the upper part of the sper
    Pulvis SULPHA'TIS ALU'MINÆ Compositus, matic vessels , a golden wire was fixed and
    P. alumino'sus, P. alu 'minis kinosa'tus , Pulvis twisted, so as to prevent the descent of any
    styp'ticus, Pulvis aluminis compositus, Alumen thing down the tunica vaginalis .
    kinosa'lum , Compound Alum Powder, (F.) Pou- Punctum SA'LIENS . The first point, which
    dre styptique ou d'alun composée. (Sulphatis makes its appearance, after the fecundation of
    alumine, p.iv. kino , p . 1. Ph. E. ) Astringent. the germ . It is generally applied to the heart
    In intestinal hemorrhage and diarrhæa. Dose , of the embryo.
    gr. x to xv. PUNCTURA , Paracentesis - p. Aurea ,
    Pulvis DE SUL'PUURE ET Scilla, P. anti- Punctum aureum .
    àsthmaticus. P. incisi'rus, P. ad mucum pulmo- PUNCTURE , Punctu'ra ; from Pun'gerc,
    na'lem libe'rius cien'dun ( F.) Poudre incisive to prick .' Tresis Punctura , (F.) Piqure. A
    PUNCTURING 588 PUS

    wound made by pointed instruments, such as forma. That which has the appearance of
    swords, bayonets ,needles ,thorns , &c . A punc. pus.
    ture , is, generally, of trifling consequence : PUR'PURA, Porphyra. This word has been
    but, sometimes , it becomes important from the employed in many senses. It generally means,
    part concerned or injury done to some nerve. livid spots on the skin from extravasated blood ,
    PUNCTURING . Same etymon . Com- languor and loss of muscular strength , pains in
    pund'tio , Paracente'sis, (F.) Ponction. The ope- the limbs.— ( F .) Pourpre.
    ration of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, In the Purpura SIMPLEX , Porphyra simpler,
    &c., any natural or accidental cavity ; with Pete'chiæ sine febre, Phænig'mus Petechia'lis,
    the view of evacuating any fluid, effused or Profu'sio subcuta'nea, Pete'chial Scurry, the
    accumulated there . Paracentesis is a sort of spots are numerous, but small and flea -bite.
    puncturing. shaped ; chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs ;
    PUNGENT, ( F.) Pongitif. Pain is said to with paleness of countenance.
    be pungent, when it seems as if a pointed in. In the Purpura HÆMORRHAGHICA , Porphyra
    strument were forced into the suffering part . hæmorrhagica, Stomac'acē universalis, Hæmor
    PU’NICA GRANATUM. The Pomegran'- Tha' gia universa'lis, Petechianosis, Morbus ma
    ate, Rhoa, poa, Rhæa, pora ,Grand tum ,Malo- culosus hæmorrhag''icus Werlhofii, Pelio'sis, He.
    grana'tum , (F.) Grenadier, Family, Myrtoideæ . morrha'a petechia'lis or Land Scurry, (F.)Scorbut
    Sez. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia . The rind of —the spots are circular and of different sizes ;
    the fruit, called Malicho'rium , Malacorium , or often in stripes or patches, irregularly scattered
    Malicorium ; and the flowers - called Balaustine over the thighs, arms, and trunk ; with occasional
    flowers — are the parts used in medicine. They hemorrhage from the mouth , nostrils, or viscera,
    have been employed both internally and ex: and great debility and depression of spirits.
    ternally as astringents. The seeds are called In the PORPHYRA NAU'TICA , Scorbu'tus, Pe
    Cocco'nes, xoxxwvES: chytyr'be, Gingibra'chium , Gingipe'dium , Sce:
    PUNK , Boletusigniarius. lotyr bē, Stomac'acē, Scorbu'tus nau'ticus or Sea
    PUOGENIA , Pyogenia. scurry, ( F. ) Scorbut, there are spots, of different
    PUPIL, Pupilla, Pupula, Pupil'io, Visio , hues, intermixed with the livid , principally at
    Core, Cora, Rhoz, Fene'sira seu Nigrum seu the roots of the hair ; the teeth are loose ; the
    Foramen Oculi, Prunella, Lumen , (F.) Pupille, gums are spongy and bleeding ; the breath is
    Prunelle, Sight of the eye. The aperture of the fetid, and the debility universal and extreme.
    iris, through which the rays of light pass, that This occurs chiefly at sea, after exposure to
    have to impress the image of an object on the a moist, cold , foul atmosphere ; with long use
    retina. This aperture can be dilated or con- of salted food and stagnant water.
    tracted so as to allow a greater or smaller quan. All these varieties of purpura resemble each
    tity of luminous rays to penetrate . The pupil , other considerably . In the two first, however,
    in man , is round , and by it the anterior and there seems, at times, to be some excitement,
    posterior chambers of the eye communicate which hasled to the employment of purgatives,
    with each other. In the fætus, during the first and even of bleeding, with advantage.
    șix months of gestation , it is closed by the Generally speaking, the use of the mineral
    pupillary membrane. acids , will be indicated ; and , in the sea scurvy ,
    Pupil, CLOSURE OF THE , Synezizis . vegetable food and vegetable acids must be re
    PUPILLÆ VELUM , Pupillary membrane . garded as the best antiscorbutics. Nitre is , also,
    PUPILLARIS HERBA , Lapsana. a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great pros
    PU'PILLARY, Pupilla'ris. That which be- tration it may be mixed with Peruvian bark or
    longs to the pupil . the sulphate of quinine. Tamarinds and eream
    The PUFILLARY MEMBRANE , Membra'na Pu- of tartar, made into drink , are also serviceable .
    pillaris, Pupil'la velum , Membra'na Wachendor. But the great remedies are change from low to
    fia'na. The central aperture of the iris is closed , cheerful spirits ; from filth to cleanliness ; and
    in the fætus, during a certain period of gestation, from a cold and damp, to a temperate and dry ,
    by a very thin membrane. It disappears in the climate, with change of food.
    seventh month . The general principles of management are
    PUPULA , Pupil. the same as in the land scurvy .
    PU'PULÆ . The pulps or extremities of the PURPURA, Scarlatina - p . Alba benigna etma
    fingers . ligna , Miliary fever -- p . Miliaris , Miliary fever
    PURBLINDNESS , Myopia. -p : Puerperarum, Miliary fever-p. Urticata,
    PURGAMENTA, Excrement- p. Alba, Leu. Urticaria.
    PURPURISSUM , Hydrargyri sulphuretum
    corrhæa-p. Infantis, Meconium-p . Puerperii,
    Lochia. rubrum .
    PURGATIO, Catharsis - p. Muliebris alba, PURSE , Scrotum .
    Leucorrhæa . PURSELANE , Portulaca.
    PURGATIONES, Menses - p. Menstruæ , PURSINESS, Dyspna'a pinguedino'sa, (F.)
    Menses . Pousse . Dyspnea accompanied with oppressive
    PURGATIONES, Menses . fatness.
    PUR'GATIVE. Purgati'rus, Purgans, PU'RULENT, Purulen'tus, Empyos, Pyodes.
    Moch'licus, Catoret'icus,Catoter'icus, A. cathartic, That which has the character of pus or con .
    (q.v.) ( F. ) Purgatif. A medicine which operates sists of pus ; as purulent matter , a purulent col
    more powerfully on the bowels than a laxative, lection, & c.
    stimulating the muscular coat, and exciting in . PURULENTIA, Suppuration .
    creased secretion from the mucous coat. PUS, Matter, Humor purulen'tus, Pyon . A
    PU'RIFORM, Puriform'is ; from pus, and I secretion from inflamed textures,and especially
    PUSILLATUM 589 PYRAMIDALE

    from the cellular membrane. It is , almost al- 1 PYLEMPHRAX'IS , from tvan, 'porta ,'. ' a
    ways,of the same nature, whatever may be the gate ,' and enopašis, obstruction .' Obstruction
    part it proceeds from . Pus of a good quality , - of the vena portæ .
    laudable pus, - ( F .) Pus louable, isof a yellowish- PYLOR'IC, Pylor'icus. That which relates
    white colour, opaque, inodorous, and of a creamy to the pylorus. An epithet given to different
    appearance. Heat,acids,and alcohol coagulate parts,
    it. When analyzed by Schwilgué , it afforded 1. The PYLORIC ARTERY or Arteria Corona'
    albumen and water, a particular extractive sub- ria dextra, ( F. ) Petite artère gastrique droite,
    stance , and a small quantity of soda, phosphate arises from the hepatic , and is distributed to
    of lime, and other salts. the pylorus and to the lesser curvature of the
    -p.PusMalignum
    Corrosivum, Sanies — p.Malignum, Ichor stomach
    , Sanies. ; anastomosing, particularly, with the
    A. coronaria ventriculi and A. gastro -epiploica
    PUSILLA'TUM , Pusula'tum ,from pusillus, dextra .
    small.' A coarse powder. 2. The PYLORIC VEIN follows the same dis
    PUSTULA ARDENS , Eczema. tribution as the artery.
    Pustula Oris , Aphthæ . PYLO'RUS , Jan'itor, Portona'rium ; from
    PUSTULE MALİGNE . See Anthrax . nvan, a gate ,' and ovpos , ' a guardian. ' Ostium
    PUSTULE, Pus'tula, Ecpye'sis, Ecthyma, Be- ventriculi duodena'le seu pyloricum seu der
    nath, Bube, Epanas'tasis. An elevation of the trum seu inferius, Orificium dertrum seu in
    cuticle, with an inflamed base containing pus. ferius seu Egres'sus seu Os infe'rius seu Annu'.
    Willan and Bateman reckon four varieties of us seu Sphincter ventriculi, Ostia'rius, Hostia'
    pustules; the Phlyza'cium , Psydra'cium , Achor rius, (F.) Pylore. The lower or right orifice of
    and Favus. The variolous pustule is often the stomach ;-Orifice intestinal, (Ch.) Called
    called, by the French , Grain ; by us , Pock . Pylorus , because it closes the entrance into the
    PUSULATUM , Pusillatum . intestinal canal , and is furnished with a circular,
    PUTREDO, Hospital gangrene, Putre- flattened, fibro -mucous ring, which occasions
    faction . the total closure of the stomach during digestion
    PUTREFACTION, Putrefactio, Putrescen'- in that organ. This ring has been called the
    tia , Putridity, Putte'do, Putrid'itas, Sepsis, Pu. Valve of the Pylorus, Sphincter Pylori, (F.)
    trid fermenta'tion, Putrefactive fermenta'tion. Valvule de pylore. It is a fold of the mucous
    A decomposition, experienced by animal sub- and muscular membranes of the stomach ; and
    stances, when deprived of life and placed under is the Pyloric muscle of some authors.
    particular circumstances. The presence ofwater PYOĎES, Purulent.
    is indispensable ; of air, not ; for putrefaction PYOGEN’IA , Progen'in ; from nvov, 'pus ,'
    may occur in water, that has been boiled or in and yerediÇ, " generation . Generation of pus.
    the earth. The temperature most favourable to The theory or mechanism of the formation of
    it, is from 60° to 90° of Fahrenheit. The most pus. Some have believed , that pus is formed in
    common products of putrefaction are water , car. the arterial system , and is deposited , by way of
    bonic acid , acetic acid , amnionia, carburetted excretion , in the inflamed part ; others, that it
    hydrogen, and a semi-putrid substance, which is formed by the destruction of solid parts.
    is volatilized and has an infected odour. It has These opinions are , however, inadmissible ; and
    been supposed that something like putrefaction pus is now regarded as the product of a par
    may occur in the living body ; as in case of ticular secretion in the diseased part.
    putrid fever. To this condition , Piorry has PYOGENIC , Pyogen'icus ; same etymon .
    given the name Typhoha'mia, conceiving it to Having relation to the formation of pus.
    be owing to alteration of the blood by putrid PYOHÆMIA , from arvov , pus,' and
    blood .' Alteration of the blood by pus.
    'aqua,
    animal matters.
    PUTRESCENTIA , Putrefaction - p. Uteri PYON , Pus.
    gravidi, Hystero-malacia . PYOPHTHALMUS, Hypopyon .
    PUTRID , Putridus, Sapros. An epithet for PYOP'TYSIS , from dvor, pus, ' and atuw,
    some affections, in which the matters excreted " I spit.' Spitting of pus.
    and the transpiration itself exhale a smell of PYORRHCL'A , from tuor, ' pus,' and geo ,
    putridity. It is particularly applied to typhus. • I flow .' A discharge of pus .
    PUTRIDITAS, Putrefaction . PYORRHEA URINALIS , Pyuria.
    PUTRIDITY , Putrefaction . PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppura
    PUTRILA'GO, (F.) Putrilage. The pulta- tion — p. Pectoris, Empyema.
    PYOTHORAX
    ceous matter or slough, which forms in certain VERUS, Empyema.
    gangrenous and other ulcers, and is thrown off. PYOTURIA , Pyuria .
    PⓇUTZOCHILL. See Myroxylon Pe- PYR , Fever.
    ruiferum . PYRA CRUSTUMINA , Crustuminatum
    PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia. p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatum .
    PYELITIS , from ruenos, “pelvis,' and itis, PYR'AMID . Pyr'umis, Eminen'tia pyra
    denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the mida'lis tym'pani. A small , bony projection
    pelvis andcalices of the kidney. in the cavity of the tympanum , which is ex
    PYELONEPHRI'TIS ,from anvelos, inflam . Also , to lodge the muscle of the stapes.
    rapoos , kidney ,' and itis, denoting pelvis,'cavated
    , the Centre-pin of the trephine.
    mation . Inflammation of the kidney and of PYRAMIDAL DE L'ABDOMEN, Pyrami
    the pelvis and calices. dalis abdominis - p. de la cuisse, Pyramidalis
    PYELOS , Pelvis. p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi- p . Stapédien , Sta
    PYESIS , Suppuration . pedius.
    PYLE , Porta . PYRAMIDALE, (OS ) Cuneiform , (bone .)
    PYRAMIDALIS 590 PYRUS CYDONIA

    PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS , Musculus | ARTIFIC''IAL PYRMONT Waten may be formed


    Fallopii vel succenturia'tus vel auxilia'rius , of Epsom salt , gr . xv , Common salt. gr.v, Mag
    Pubio -ombilical, Pubio -sous-ombilical,(Ch.,) ( F.) nes . alb. gr. x, Iron filings, gr. v, Water Ibiij.
    Pyramidal de l'abdomen. A small, fleshy pyra- Impregnated with the gas from Marble powder
    midal fasciculus, whose existence is not con- and Sulphuric acid , åā zvij. T
    stant ; and which is inserted, by its base, into PYR’OLA , P.rotundifolia, Round -leaved win .
    the upper part of the pubis, and terminates , by tergreen . Order, Pyrolaceæ. This plant was
    its summit , at the inferior part of the linea alba . once used as a gentle astringent and tonic.
    When it contracts it stretches the linea alba . Pyrola UMBELLA'TA, Chimaph'ila vel Chi
    PYRAMIDA'lis, P. Fem'oris, Sacro-trochanté- moph'ila umbellata , C. Corymbo'sa, Ground f

    rien, ( Ch .) Iliacus exter'nus, Pyriform'is, Piri- holly, Pippsis'era, Wintergreen. This common
    formis, Primuset superior quadrigem'inus, (F. ) American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bota
    Pyramidal de la cuisse. A flat, triangular mus- nical as well as medical qualities. It is tonic
    cle, situate at the posterior part of the pelvis . and diuretic . The bruised leaves irritate the
    By its base , it is attached to the anterior surface skin.
    of the sacrum ; to the corresponding surface of PYROLEUM OSSIUM RECTIFICATUM ,
    the great sacro -sciatic ligament and to the pos . Oleum animale Dippelii.
    terior part of the ilium . It terminates by a PYROLIG'NEOUS ACID , Acidum Pyro
    tendon, which is attached to the inner surface ace'ticum , A. Ligni pyro-oleosum, A. Ace'ticum
    of the great trochanter. This muscle is a ro- empyreumaticum , A. Ligneum , Pyrolignic Acid ,
    tator of the thigh outwards, or of the pelvis in (F.) Acide Pyroligneur, Vinàigre de bois. An
    an opposite direction . acid obtained by distillation , from wood, coal ,
    PYRAMIDALIS FEmoris, Pyramidalis. &c . , which was once believed to be of a pecu
    PYRAMIDA’lis Nasi , Proc'erus nusi, Nasum liar character. It is now known to be formed of
    dila'lans, Fronto -nasal, (Ch .,) ( F. ) Pyramidal acetic acid and an empyreumatic oil , from which
    du nez . It is thin , triangular, and has its sum- it may be freed ; and, in this state, is sold in
    mit upwards. Above, it is continuous with the commerce for the Acetum destillatum . It is
    occipito -frontalis. It descendsvertically before used for similar purposes as distilled vinegar,
    the root of the nose , on which it terminates ; and for preserving animal substances. It has
    becoming confounded with the transversalis. also been used as an antiseptic in gangrene and
    This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of sphacelus, and to foul ulcers; wherever indeed
    the nose transversely, and stretches that which Creasote is indicated.— Thedose of the impure
    covers the tip . pyroligneous acid internally is from 5 to 30
    PYRAMIDES ANTÉRIEURES, Corpora drops, three or four times a day
    pyranjidalia - p. Malpighianæ, Papillæ of the PYROMA’NIA ; from a vo, ' fire ,' and mania,
    kidney-p. Postérieures du cercelet, Corpora Insanity, with an irresistible desire to destroy
    restiformia . by fire.
    PYRAMIDS OF WISTAR , Sphenoidal PYROPH'AGUS , Ignivorus, from TTVO,
    cornua . ' fire ,' and ways , I cat.' One who eats fire .
    PYRAMIS, Penis - p. Trigona, see Tem. A juggler, who eats bodies in a state of ignition.
    Triticum .
    poral bone , PYROS,
    PYRCÆA , Incendium . PYROSIS , Limo'sis cardialgia sputato'ria ,
    PYREC TICA , febrile; from av etO $, .fe- Ardor stomachi, A. Ventric'uli, Cardialgia spu
    ver.' Fevers : the first order in the class Ha- tatoria, Pyrosis Suec''icu , Apoceno'sis vom'itus
    matica , of Good . pyrosis, Dyspep'sia pyrosis, Waterbrash , Water
    PYRENOIDES, Odontoid . qualm , Blackwater,(F.) Fer chaud, Cremason,
    PYRETHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum . Soda . This affection consists of a hot sensation
    PYRETOL'OGY, Pyretologia ; from rune in the stomach, with eructations of an acrid ,
    Tos, ' fever,' and 2oyos, a discourse.' Pyrol- burning liquid , that causes a distressing sensa
    ogy. A treatise on fevers . A title, sometimes tion in the parts over which it passes . Atten
    given to a monograph on fever. tion to diet, and the use of bitter absorbents ,
    PYRETHRUM , Anthemis pyrethrum - p. will usually relieve , when the disease is func
    Sylvestre , Achillea ptarmica. tional. Occasionally , it occurs, symptomatic
    PYRETICUS Febrifuge
    , . of organic disease of the stomach.
    PYRETOS , Fever. Pyrosis SUECICA, Pyrosis.
    PYREX'1AE , from no, ' fire .' Febrile dis- PYROSOPHIA , Chymistry.
    The first class of Cullen's Nosology.
    eases . PYROTECHNIA , Chymistry.
    PYRI MARTIALES , Ferrum tartarizatum. PYROTECH'NY, Pyrotechnē, from Tvo,
    PYRIA , Fomentation . ' fire,' and teyin , ' art.' Art of making fire
    PYRIFORMIS , Pyramidalis. works, &c . Also, chymistry. M. Percy has
    PYRIPH'LEGES, nuvolgeyns, from tun, used the term Pyrotechnie Chirurgicale for the
    fre,' and picyw, “I burn." One, who has a art of applying fire or the actual cautery in
    burning fever. Surgery.
    PYRMONT , MINERAL WATERS OF A PYROTICUS, Caustic.
    celebrated mineral spring , on the Weser , in PYRUS CY DO'NIA . The Quince Tree , (F. )
    Westphalia . The waters are tonic, and con- Coignassier. Family, Rosacea . Ser. Syst. Ico
    tain common salt, muriate of magnesia, sul- sandria Pentagynia . The fruit is termed Cydo'
    phates of soda and magnesia, and carbonates of nium Malum , Malum Canum , Malum colo'neum ,
    iron , lime, and magnesia dissolved in carbonic Quince (F.) Coign . Quince seeds are , some
    acid, with some resinous principles. It is a times, used'in decoction (q. v.) as a demulcent.
    highly carbonated chalybeate. The fruit makes a pleasant preserve.
    PYRUS MALUS 591 QUARTAN
    Pyrus Malus , Melea. The Apple Tree, (F.) pyulca have been employed, all of which act as
    Pommier . Apples are an agreeable fruit, exhausting syringes.
    when ripe . When unripe, they disagree , espe
    cially with those of weak digestive powers. PYU’RIA,
    rvov, “ pus,' Pyoturia,
    and oupor,Pyorrha'a
    . urine.' urina'lis,
    Discharge from
    of
    The same may be said of the pear : the fruit of purulent urine. A`symptom , which occurs in
    the Pyrus commu'nis, Apios, P.Sorbus, P. Sati- many diseases ; particularly in cases of renal
    ra, (F.) Poirier .-Apple, (F.) Pomme. Pear. calculi,and in organic affections of the bladder .
    ( F.) Póire.
    APPLE BRANDY is a spirituous liquor obtained Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria - p. Lactea , Chy.
    fromthe juiceof the apple, and much used in Juria - p. Mucosa , Cystirrhæa - p. Serosa, Cys
    the United States . tirrhæa- p. Viscida, Cystirrhæa.
    PYUL'CON, from Tvov, ' pus ,' and 'eixw , ‘ I PYXIS , muss. A box ; a pill-box. Also,
    extract,' (F.) Tire-pus. A surgical instrument an emollient ointment.- Aétius and Paulus.
    for extracting pus from any cavity. Many Pyxis, Buile, see Cotyloid .

    Q.

    Q. See Abbreviation . QUADRIGEMINUS , PRIMUS ET SUPE


    QUABEBE , Piper cubeba. RIOR , Pyramidalis - q. Quadratus quartus ,
    QUACK , Charlatan. Quadratus femoris - q. Secundus et tertius, Is
    QUADRANS, Quarta pars libre . A quarter chio -trochanterianus.
    of a pound. Three ounces ( Troy .) QUAHOIL , Cacao .
    QUADRANTAL , Amphora. QUAIL , Tetrao coturnix .
    QUADRATUS, Depressor labii inferioris , q. QUANDROS. Ancient namefor a precious
    Dorsi , Q. lumborum . stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul .
    Quadratus FEMORIS , Quadratus, from qua- ture ; and to which was attributed the property
    dra, “ a square.' Tuber- Ischio-trochantérien , Is- of augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre
    chio-sous-trochantérien (Ch .) Quartus quadri- serving from deadly accidents. No such stone 1
    gem'inus quadratus, ( F.) Carré de la Cuisse. exists .
    A muscle, situate at the posterior and upper QUAR'ANTINE, from (I) Quaranti'na ; itself
    part of the thigh. It is thin , flat, and quadri- from quaran'ta ," forty,' (F.) Quarantaine. The
    lateral, and is attached to the outer part of the time, during which travellers, returning from
    tuberosity of the ischium ; whence it proceeds a country where the plague or any other pesti
    transversely to the inferior part of the posterior lential disease exists, are compelled to remain
    margin of the great trochanter. It rotates the on board ship or in a lazaretto. They, as well
    limb, turning the toe outwards, as the ship, are said to perform quarantine.'
    QUADRATUS GENÆ , Platysma myoides—q. Quarantine is , sometimes, extended beyond
    Radii, Pronator radii quadratus . forty days , whilst its duration is frequently
    QUADRATUS LUMBO'RUM , Quadratus seu Lum- much less. It is sometimes enforced by land;
    ba'ris externus;llio-lumbi-costal, Flectens par for example , when contagious diseases require
    lumbo'rum , Quadra'tus dorsi, Ilio-costal (Ch .,) the establishment of cordons sanitaires, and
    (F.) Carré des lombes. A flat, somewhatthick, when persons are desirous of leaving infected
    irregularly quadrilateral muscle, situate in the districts.
    loins, at the sides of the vertebral column. It During quarantine, no communication is al
    is attached, below , to the crista ilii and ilio- lowed between the travellers and the inhabi.
    lumbar ligament; and, above, to the inferior tants of the country.
    margin of the last rib ; and , besides, to the base Quarantine is a great impediment to com
    of the transverse processesof the four last lum- merce; and is, doubtless, very frequently en.
    bar vertebræ . This muscle inclines the loins forced where there is but little danger of con
    to its side ; depresses the last rib, and is thusa tagion . The evils,however, that might arise
    muscle of expiration. It can ,also, raise the hip . from the introduction of a widely -spreading
    QUADRIGEM'INA, TUBER'CULA, Emi- contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to in
    nen'tia Quadrigem'inæ, Optic Lobes, Cor pora duce legislators to maintain these laws in per
    quadrigem'ina, Nutes et Testes, Eminences bigé- haps an unnecessary degree of strictness.
    minés (Ch.,) Cor'pora bigem'ina, ( F.) Tubercules QUARTAN, Quarta 'na Febris, An'ctus Quar
    quadrijumeaur. Four medullary tubercles, situ- ta’nus, Tetarta'us, Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte.
    ate at the posterior surface of the tuber annu- An intermittent, the paroxysms of which recur
    lare. They are white, externally; gray , inter- every 4th day , leaving between them two days'
    nally ; oblong; rounded; connected by pairs, interval. Wespeak,also, of the Quartan Type.
    and separated by two grooves , which divide A Double Quartan is one, in which one pa
    them crucially. Of these tubercles - the supe- roxysm occurs on the third and another on the
    rior, called nates, Tubercula anterio'ra, Glutia, second day, so that there is only one day of
    are larger and more prominent than the lower, apyrexia and two of paroxysms in succession;
    called testes - Tuber'cula posterio'ra. The pi- -lhe paroxysms of every 4th day resembling
    neal gland corresponds exactly to the point of each other. A Triple Quartan is one , in which
    intersection of the two furrows that separate there is a paroxysm every day ; and on every
    them . three days the paroxysms correspond. A re
    QUARTANUS REMITTENS 592 QUINTEFEUILLE

    doub'ling or repeat'ing, quartan , (F.) Fièvre, QUICK'ENING . The period of gestation


    quarte doublée, is one, in which there are two when the motion of the fætus first becomes per
    paroxysms every 4th day . See Intermittent. ceptible. This usually occurs about the i8th
    QUARTANÚS REMİTTENS, Tetartophia . week, and was at one time erroneously believed
    QUARTA'RIUS . An ancient measure, equal to mark the time at which the fætus becomes
    to one -fourth of the sextarius . See Weights alive . It need scarcely be said, that it pos
    and Measures . sesses the principle of life from the moment of
    QUARTE , Quartan . the union of the materials furnished by the
    QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristerna'lis. 'The sexes at a fecundating copulation. When the
    fourth osseous portion of the sternum , corre - motion is felt, the female is said to be • quick
    sponding to the fourth intercostal space.-Bé- with child .'
    clard . QUICKLIME, Calx viva.
    QUAS'SIA , Quassia ama'ra . Quassy, Quas- QUICKSILVER , Hydrargyrum .
    sia excelsa , (F.) Quassie. A West India tree, QUIES, Acinesia.
    from which is obtained the Lignum Quassia . QUINA QUINA , Cinchona.
    It is an intensely durable bitter, without as- QUINCE , see Pyrus cydonia-q. Tree, Pyrus
    tringency ; and has been employed as a tonic cydonia .
    and stomachic . It is, generally, given in the QUINIA , Quinina.
    form of infusion. The bitter principle is called QUINI'NA , Qui'nia , Quina, Kini'num , Chini'.
    Quassine. num , Quinine. An alkaline, uncrystallizable
    Quassia SIMA ROU'BA, Simarouba, Simaruba , substance ; under the form of a porous, whitish
    Euon'ymus. The bark of the Simarouba is mass; almost insoluble in water, soluble in alco
    bitter, and not unpleasant . Both water and hol and ether. It forms, with acids , salts that
    alcohol extract its virtues. It is not astringent. are in general soluble. It is obtained from dif
    It is exhibited , whenever a simple tonic is re- ferent cinchonas , but chiefly from the yellow,
    quired. and is the active principle of those valuable
    QUASSINE . See Quassia . drugs .
    QUATRE ÉPICES. See Myrtus pimenta. The Sulphate of Quinine — the salt usually
    QUATRIO , Astragalus. employed in medicine - occurs in needles of a
    QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS , Spiræa ul. pearly and satiny appearance. It is employed ,
    maria . with great success , in the treatment of inter:
    QUERCULA MINOR , Teucrium chame- mittents ; and is available in many cases, where
    drys. the bark in substance could not be retained , or.
    QUERCUS ALBA , the White Oak ; Quercus would be injurious. Dose, from 3 to 10 grains
    Robur, the Common Oak ; Q. Tincto'ria, the in the 24 hours. It is obtained, by treating the
    Black Oak ; Q. rubra Monta'na , the Red Oak or yellow bark with sulphuric acid .
    Spanish Oak. Family, Amentaceæ. Ser. Syst. The Acelate of Quinine ( Quini'ne Acetas,
    Monæcia Polyandria . (F.) Chêne. The bark Chinium Ace'ticum, Ace'tas chinii, A.chini'ni, A.
    of all these varieties is, probably, alike in medi- chini'cus, A.Quinia, A. Quina, A. Quini'ni, A. Ki.
    cinal properties. It is powerfully astringent ni'ni ;) the citrate ( Quinina citras, citraschini.
    and tonic, and has been used in intermittents, cus) the Ferrocyanale ( Quinine Ferrocyanas,
    and likewise in decoction, as an astringent Chinium Ferrocyanogena'tum, & c.) the muriate
    wash , where such is indicated. ( Quini'na murias, Chinium muriaticum , Ch .
    Acorns, Ceces, Nuces Quercus, (F.) Glands, sali'tum seu Hydrochlor'icum , & c.) the Nitrate
    were, at one time, much used as food ; and a ( Chinium nitricum , & c. the Phosphate, (Quini.
    decoction of them was once recommended in na Phosphas, Chinium phosphoricum , & c.) and
    dysentery and diarrhæa, in glandular obstruc- the Tartrates of Quinine and Cinchonine have
    tions, & c. been administered in the same cases as the sul.
    A pessary , made of them , has been advised phate.
    in immoderate flow of the menses. They are QUININE , IODIDE OF. See Iodine .
    not now used . QUINQUEFOLIUM , Potentilla reptans.
    QUERCUS CERRIS . A tree of Asia Minor , QUINQUINA , Cinchona - 9. Aromatique,
    which affords the Turkey, Galls, Nut Galls, Croton cascarilla - q. Bicolor , Cinchonæ cari.
    Galle Turcica , G. Querci'ne, G. Tinctoria, bææ cortex–9. Fauz de Virginie, Cusparia fe
    Nur Galle, Galla max'ima orbicula'ta , Cicis, brifuga — 9. Gris de Lora, Cinchonæ lancifoliæ
    Cassenoles, Galla, Galls, Gallnut, (F.) Noix de cortex- 9. Jaune, Cinchonæ cordifoliæ cortex
    Galle. The nut gall is a protuberance , or tu- 9. Orangé,Cinchone lancifolia cortex - 9. Piton ,
    bercle, produced by the puncture of the Di. Cinchonæ caribææ cortex- 9. Rouge, Cincho
    plolep'sis Galle Tincto'riæ. It is powerfully næ oblongifoliæ cortex.
    astringent and tonic , and has been employed QUINSEY , Cynanche tonsillaris — q. Ner 1
    in diarrhæa , intestinal hemorrhage , and in- vous, Angone- 9. Wolf,Lycanche.
    termittents : but it is chiefly used, exter- QUINTAN, Febris quinta'na, F. pempta'a, F.
    nally , in gargles and injections . The powder, quinta, from quintus, a fifth. A fever whose 1
    made into an ointment with lard, is used in paroxysms return only every five days inclu 1
    piles. sively ; and between which there are , conse
    Quercus CocciFERA , see Kermes - 9. Ma- quently , three days of apyrexia .
    rina, Fucus vesiculosus — 9. Suber, see Suber. QUINTE (F.) This word is used synony.
    QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Cauda equina, see mously with paroxysm or fit, when speaking,
    Medulla spinalis– 9 . de la Moelle épinière, Cau- of cough ,,
    -as une Quinte de Tour,-a fit of 1
    da equina - q. de Pourceau , Peucedanum . coughing.' Also ,the Influenza, ( q. v . )
    QUICKEN TREE , Sorbus acuparia . QUINTEFEUI LLE , Potentilla reptans. 1
    QUINTES 593 RADIAL

    QUINTES. See Pertussis. itself from quotidie, .daily . ' That which takes
    QUINTESSENCE, Quinta Essen'tia . A place every day.
    name formerly given to alcohol , impregnated
    The Quotid'tan
    with the principles of some drug. It was, con tidia'nus FEVERMethemer'inos
    , Cathe'merus, , Q. ague , An'etus quo..
    , Amphe
    sequently, often synonymous with Alcoholic mer'inos , Amphimer'inos, Quotidia'nus, (F.)
    tincture. The most volatile principles of bo- Fierre quotidienne, is an intermittent , the par
    dies were , also , called Quintessences .
    QUINTISTERNAL. The fifth osseous por oxysms of which recur every day.
    tion of the sternum . It corresponds to the 5th A simple, double , or triple quotidian , is a quo .
    and 6th intercostal spaces. tidian , which has one , two, or three paroxysms
    QUOTIDIAN, Quotidia'nus, Ephe'merus, - in the 24 hours.

    R.

    R. is placed at the commencement of a pre- tion ; and, frequently , induces atrophy and hec .
    scription , as a contraction of Rec'ipe. (See tic . Rickets occurs, particularly, during the
    Abbreviation .) Originally , it was the sign ( 21 ) first years of existence , in weakly children,
    of Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a for- born of rickety or scrofulous parents ; brought
    mula , to propitiate the king of the gods , that up in damp or confined situations ; who are
    the compound might act favourably . badly nourished, and do not take sufficient ex
    RABID, Rab'idus, (F.) Rabique, Rabitique, ercise. The progress and termination of the
    from rabies , ' caninemadness. That which be- disease are very variable . Some children gra
    longs to hydrophobia ; as rabid virus, &c. dually recover their health : others becoine
    RABIÉIQUE, Rabid. more and more deformed , and ultimately die
    RABIES CANINA , Hydrophobia . of consumption , dropsy, or other organic dis
    RABIQUE, Rabid . ease .
    RACE , from radice, abl . of radix , “ root . The treatment is almost wholly hygienic.
    situation ; nourishing diet ;
    The union or aggregate of individuals, whose Pure air ; a healthycommon
    conformation or particularcondition differs per- exercise ; sea or cold bathing , and
    ceptibly from those of neighbouring varieties. tonics , afford the best prospect of success .
    In the human species , several races are desig- RACHITISME, Rachitis.
    nated . See Homo. RACHO'SIS , Rhachosis, from payou , ' I
    RACHAMEL'CA , from Hebr. ono (re- cleave .' A relaxation of the scrotum. An ex
    chem , the womb,' and 750 ( Molech ,) a coriation of the relaxed scrotum . — Dictionaries.
    king ;' Rechamal'ca. A peculiar formative prin . RACINE À BECQUET, Geranium moscha
    ciple , supposed, by Dolæus, to exist in the tum -- t. de Bengal, Cassumuniar ---. de Char
    uterus. cis, Dorstenia contrayerva-r. de Dracke, Dor
    RACHE , Porrigo. stenia contrayerva - r. des Philippines, Dor
    RACHIÆI, Rhachixi. stenia contrayerva--r.de Safran, Curcuma lon
    RACHIALGIA , Colic, metallic, Vertebral ga—». de Saint Esprit, Angelica - r. Salivuire ,
    disease — r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesenterica -- r. Anthemis pyrethruin - r, de Turbeth , Convolvu
    Pictoniensium , Colic metallic - r. Pictonum , lus turpethum .
    Colic , metallic RACINES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti
    RACHIDIAN ARTERIES, Spinal arteries formia .
    -r. Bulb, see Medulla oblongata-r. Canal , RACORNISSEMENT ( F.) from se racornir,
    Vertebral canal . " to shrivel in the fire as leather does.' A phy
    RACHIOPHYMA , Rachiphyma. sical property , possessed by animal substances,
    RACHIPHY'MA, or Rhachiphy'ma, Rachio- which consists in a kind of contractility, ac
    phyma, Tumor Dorsi, from puris , “ the spine ,' companied with sudden corrugation and curl
    and quua, ' a tumour.' A tumour on the spine ing. It is produced by heat, and by chemical
    or on the back . agents , especially by the strong mineral-acids.
    RACHIS , Vertebral column. RADEZYGE , Radzyge.
    RACHISAGRA , Rhachisagra from pages, RADIAL, Radia'lis . That which relates to
    • the spine , ' and ayga , ' a seizure.' A gouty or the radius.
    rheumatic affection of the spine . 1. The Radial ARTERY, A. extern'a Cubiti.
    RACHITÆ , Rhachitæ . It arises from the brachial, at the upper and
    RACHI'TIS, Rhachi'tis . Inflammation of the anterior part of the forearm ; descends on the
    spine; also, Cyrto'sis Ra'chia , Cyrton'osus,Mor- outer side as far as the lower part of the radius,
    bus Ang'licus, Osteomala'cia' infan'tum , Tabes and proceeds downwards and backwards to
    pectorea ; the English disease, the Rickets ; from wards the superior extremity of the space ,
    Qaxis, ' the spine. ' ( F.) Rachitisme, Nouure . which separates the two first metacarpal bones .
    A disease, characterized by crookedness of the It then buries itself in the palm of the hand ,
    long bones ; swelling of their extremities ; where it forms the profound or radial palmar
    crooked spine ; prominentabdomen ; large head ; arch . The radial artery gives off the recurrent
    and often precocity of intellect. It is accom-radial, several radio- muscular branches, the
    panied by leanness, general debility , indiges- transverse palmar radio -carpal artery, the ex
    75
    RADIAL 594 RADIX

    ternal superficial artery of the palm of the hand, which unite the ribs to the sternum ; those
    the external dorsal of the thumb, the dorsalis which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior
    curpi, dorsal interosscous artery of the inder, & c . extremity, & c.
    2. The DEEP - SEATED RADIAL VEins follow RAD’ICAL, Radica'lis , from radir , ' a root.'
    the same course as the radial artery . A radical cure is one in which the disease is
    3. The RadiaL NERVE , Radio.digital, (Ch . ) destroyed, as it were , from the root. It is used
    Spiral Nerve, Spiral-muscular, arises from the in opposition to palliative cure.
    four inferior branches of the brachial plexus . RADICAL MOISTURE, Humidum radicale.
    It is, at first, situate behind the other nerves of RADICIS'ECA . One employed in collect
    the plexus." It then becomes engaged between ing and preparing plants was formerly so
    the three portions of the triceps brachialis, called .
    passes behind the humerus, and descends be. RADICULA , Raphanus hortensis.
    tween the supinator longus and brachialis in RADIO-CARPAL , Radio -carpia'nus. That
    ternus,
    the until In
    radius. opposite the upper extremity of
    its course it gives numerous which relates to the radius and carpus.
    filaments to the triceps, supinator longus , ex The Radio-CARPAL ARTICULATION is the
    tensor carpi radialis longior, and to the integu- wrist joint , or articulation of the os scaphoides,
    ments. Opposite the upper extremity of the os semilunare,and os cuneiforme of the carpus
    radius it divides into two branches ;-the one with the inferior surface of the radius, and the
    posterior, which turns backwards into the sub- fibro -cartilage, situate below the ulna. It is
    stance of the supinator brevis,and, when it has strengthened by lateral , anterior, and posterior
    reached the space between the two layers of ligaments.
    muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm , RADIO- CARPAL TRANSVERSE PALMAR AR
    divides into a great number of filaments, which TERY , (F.) Artère Radio-carpienne-transversale.
    are distributed to those muscles, and to the in- palmaire . A transverse branch , given off by
    teguments of the hand . The other branch is the radial artery, opposite the lower edge of
    anterior : it descends before the supinator the pronator quadratus, which sends several
    brevis and the radius; until , near the inferior branches to the anterior or palmar surface of
    third of that bone, it engages itself between the the carpus.
    tendons of the supinator longus and extensor RADIO - CUTANÉ (NERF,) see Cutaneous
    carpi radialis longior ; and , becoming afterwards -4. Phalangettien du pouce, Flexor longus pol
    subcutaneous, divides into two branches, whose licis manus.
    filaments are distributed to the integuments of RADIO-MUSCULAR , Radio -muscularis. A
    the thumb, index , middle finger, to the outer name given to the branches sent off from the
    side of the ring finger, and to the first interos. radial artery to the muscles of the forearm , in
    seous muscles of the back of the hand. the first part of its course ; as well as to the
    4. ExtEN'SOR CARPI RADIALIS BRE'VIOR, nervous filaments, which the radial nerve sends
    Radialis externus brevior, Radialis secundus, to the samemuscles.
    ( F. ) Second radial externe, Petit radial, Epicon- RADIS, Raphanus hortensis.
    dylo -sus-métacarpien, (Ch .) An extensor muscle RADISH , Raphanus hortensis.
    of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor carpi RADIUS , a spoke : '-so called from its
    radialis longior. It is attached , above, to the shape. Cercis, Flod'ile minus seu superius,
    external tuberosiiy of the humerus , and termi- Canna minor, Os adcubitale, Additamen'tum
    nates, below, by a long tendon, inserted into ulna, Manu'brium manûs, Parape'chyon , Arun'.
    the posterior part of the upper extremity of the do brachii minor, (F.) Os du Rayon. A long,
    third bone of the metacarpus. It has the same prismatic bone, the upper and lesser extremity
    uses as the next muscle . of which is called the head. This is supported
    5. Extensor Carpi Radialis LONGIOR, Ra- by a cerrit or neck. At the part where the
    dialisexternuslongior, Radialis externus primus, neck is confounded with the body of the bone ,
    (FG) Premier radial externe, Grand radial, Hu- is the tubercle or bicipital tuberosity or eminence
    méro -sus-métacarpien, (Ch.) It is seated at the for the insertion of the biceps. The radius is
    outer part of the forearm ; is thin , but thicker articulated , above , with the os humeri and with
    on the outside than on the inside . It is attached, the lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna : below,
    above , to the inferior part of the outer edge, with the scaphoides , semilunare, and the head
    and to the corresponding tuberosity , of the of the ulna .' Its inferior extremity, which is
    humerus ; and terminates, below , by a long larger than the superior, is flattened before and
    tendon , which is attached to the superior ex- behind : is irregularly quadrilateral; and has,
    tremity of the second bone of the metacarpus. below , a double facetie to be articulated with
    It extends the hand on the forearm . the two first bones of the carpus . On the outer
    RADIAL ANTERIEUR , Palmaris magnus— side is the styloid process ; and, on the inner,
    7. Externe premier, see Radialis -- r . Externe, a concave facette, which joins the ulna. Be.
    second, see Radialis-r. Grand, see Radialis- hind, are grooves for the passage of the exten
    r. Petit , see Radialis. sor tendons. The radius is developed from
    RADIALIS EXTERNUS BREVIOR, see three points of ossification ; one for the body ,
    Radialis -- r. Externus primus, see Radialis --r. and one for each extremity.
    Extensor longior, see Radialis-r . Internus, RADIUS, COL DU , Collum radii.
    Palmaris magnus- r. Secundus, see Radialis . RA'DIX , Rhiza . A root .
    RAD’IATED, Radia'lus, ( F.) Rayonné. The Root or fang of a tooth is the part con
    That which is arranged in rays ; in lines, di- tained in the alveolus. The radix or root of
    verging from a common centre . An epithet the nail is the portion hidden under the skin ,
    given to several ligaments, & c., as to those & c. Surgeons give the naine to the prolon
    RADULA 595 RANUNCULUS

    gations, sent by scirrhous, cancerous , or other RAMPHOS, Rostrum .


    tumours into the neighbouring parts. RAMULUS , Ramusculus.
    The Fue APERIENT Roots, Quinque radi'ces RAMUNCULUS , Ramusculus.
    aperien 'tes , were , of old ,-- asparagus, butchers' RAMUS , Clados, a branch. (F.) Rameau. A
    broom , fennel, parsley , and smallage. division of an artery , vein , or nerve .
    The Five LessER ÅPERIENT Roots, Quinque RAMUS DURIOR SEPTIMÆ CONJUGATIONIS ,
    radi'ces aperien'tes mino'res,—were caper, dan- Facial nerve.
    delion, eryngo, madder, and rest -harrow. RAMUS'CULUS, Ram'ulus, Ramun'culus,
    Radix Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha - r. Indica Cladis'cos. A division of a ramus . ( F.) Ra
    Lopeziana, Lopez radix - r. Lopeziana, Lopez muscule, Ramille, ( Boty.)
    radix- r. Ninsi, Sium ninsi - r. Rubra, Rubia RANA ESCULENTA , (F. ) Grenouille.
    -r. Serpentum , see Ophiorrhiza mungos—r. This frog and the bull frog Rana Tauri'na
    Ventris , Umbilicus. are eaten as a delicacy. They are nutritious
    RADULA , Raspatorium . and easily digested.
    RADZYGE, Radzygin, Radezyge. A name Rana , Ranula.
    given, in Norway, to a variety of syphilis, bear- RANCE, Rancid.
    ing considerable analogy to the yaws. Some RANCID , Ran'cidus, Sapros, ( F.) Rance.
    have esteemed it a species of lepra or elephan. An epithet given to fatty bodies, which have
    tiasis . become acrid from age or the contact of air.
    RAGE, Ira , Furor brevis, Orge, Thymos, Mild ointments may, thus, become very irri
    (F.) Colère. Violent passion, characterized by tating, and unfit for the purposes for which
    contraction of the muscles of the face, violence they were originally intended .
    in every movement, extreme irritation of the RAN'CULA. An erratic pain in a wound,
    nervous system , acceleration of the blood's mo- accompanied by swelling and pulsation .
    tion , and by redness and swelling of the face . RANINE , Rani'na ; from Rana, " a frog .'
    RAGE, Hydrophobia . The termination of the lingual artery is so
    Rage , Rhage . called ; that is, the portion of the artery, which
    RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobwa. advances horizontally between the genio -glos
    RAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis-r. Sauvage, sus and lingualis muscles as far as the point of
    Cochlearia armoracia. the tongue. The ranine vein follows the same
    RAINBOW.WORM , Herpes iris . course as the artery, and opens into the inter 3

    jugular or into the superior thyroid.


    RAINURE , Groove - r. Digastrique. Mastoid nalRAN'ULA 1
    groove. , from Rana, ' a frog,' so called
    RAISIN, see Vitis vinifera — . d'Amerique, from its resemblance ; Dysphagia Ranula, Em
    Phytolacca decandra-r. de Bois, Vaccinium phrag'ma saliva'rē, Frog Tongue , Ba'trachos,
    myrtillus - r. d'Ours, Arbutus uva ursi-r. de Batra'chium , Hydroglos'sa, Hypoglossis, Hypo
    Renard, Paris . glossum , Rana , ( F) Grenouillette. A small ,
    RAISINS, U va passæ , see Vitis vinifera— . soft, fluctuating and semi - transparent tuniour ,
    de Corinthe , see Vitis Corinthiaca. which forms under the tongue, owing to the
    RAISON, Reason . accumulation of saliva in Wharton's duct. In
    RAKASIRA. An American balsam ; of a order to give exit to the accumulated fluid, and
    brownish or brownish - red colour ; semi-trans- to establish a permanent opening for the dis
    parent ; brittle ; softening and becoming tena . charge of the saliva, the cyst must be punc
    cious by heat ; inodorous when cold , but ex- tured, and the opening maintained by a minute
    haling a very agreeable smell when heated ; cylinder, with a button at each extremity, as
    and possessing a balsamic and slightly bitter has been recommended by Dupuytren ; or a
    taste. The precise vegetable that furnishes it portion of the cyst may be removed by the
    is not known . It has been used chiefly as a scissors , and the mouth be frequently washed
    balsam in gonorrhea and urinary affections. by any astringent lotion. Sometimes, the sa
    RAKIA . See Spirit. livary duct is found plugged by a small cal
    RÅLE. See Rattle. culus .
    RÅLE , Rattle , (q. v .) — . Caverneux , Gur- RANUNÄCULUS , ( F.) Renoncule. Family,
    gling - r . Crépitant, see Crepitation . Ranunculacea . Ser. Syst . Polyandria Polygy
    RAMENTUM , Fragment, Scobs. nia. A genus of plants, most of the species of
    RAMEX , Hernia -- r. Varicosus , Varicocele. which, when taken internally, act as acrid poi.
    RAMIFICATION , Ramifica'tio. A division sons. See Poison . They are, also, acrid and
    of arteries, veins, and nerves into branches. vesicant, when applied to the skin , and have,
    Also , the branches themselves. accordingly, been often used as counter-irri
    tants .
    RAMILLE , Ramusculus.
    RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities-7. du Cer. The following species answer to this descrip
    veau, Mollities cerebri -- r. des Us, Mollities os- tion .
    sium . RANUNCULUS ABORTI'vus .
    RAMPANT, Repens, Reptans. That, which RANUNCULUS Acris , R. praten 'sis. Meadow
    creeps or drags on the earth . Crowfoot, Butter Cups, (F.) Boulon d'or.
    The French Bandage rampant has the folds RANUNCULUS Bulbo'sus, R. praten 'sis, Bul.
    arranged spirally around the part , leaving in- bous- rooted Crowfoot, (F.) Renoncule bulbeuse,
    tervals between them . It is a retentive ban- Bassinet.
    dage, but is easily displaced, and , therefore, not RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA , Surrecta alba,
    employed . Smaller Water Crowfoot, Spearwort, (F. ) Petite
    RAMPES DU LIMAÇON , Scale of the douve.
    cochlea. RANUNCULUS ILLYR'ICUS .
    RAPA NAPUS 596 RATTLE

    RANUNCULUS LINGUA . intended to point out to the judges the details


    RANUNCULUS SCELERA'tus , R. Palus'tris, of the crime or misdemeanor ,—the Rapports
    Marsh Crowfoot . provisoires, the object of which was to obtain
    RANUNCULUS Fica'ria, Pilewort, Chelido'- provisions for the injured individual, both as
    nium minus , Scrophularia minor, Ficaria ranun- regarded food and medicine, and to defray the
    culoi'des, Chelido'nia rotundifolia minor,Cursuma expenses of prosecution ;-and Rapports mixtes,
    hæmorrhoidalis herba, Ranunculus rernus, Lesser or those which were both dénonciatifs and pro
    celandine. ( F.) Petite chélidoine, Petite Éclaire, visoires. At present, reports or de positions are
    F'icoire. The leaves and root have been used generally divided into judiciary, or those which
    medicinally :-— the leaves as an antiscorbutic ; serve to throw light on the subject matter of
    the root as a cataplasm in piles . criminal cause ; and administra.
    any civil or
    RANUNCULUS ALBUS, Anemone nemorosa - r . tive, which afford information on subjects re
    Palustris, R : sceleratus ---r. Pratensis,R. bul. lating to any branch of the public adminis
    bosus - r. Vernus , R. ficaria - r. Virginianus, tration , as on the nuisance or otherwise of
    Lobelia syphilitica. certain establishments, the character of any
    BraRAPA NAPUS, Brassica rapa-r. Rotunda, epidemic , & c .
    ssi rap
    ca a. RAPPORT, Eructation .
    RAPE , Brassica napus, Stuprum . RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opis.
    RAPHANE'DON, from pupuvis , “ a radish ,' thotonos.
    like a radish . ' Rhaphanedon. A transverse RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa.
    fracture of a long bone, leaving no splinters. RAPURE , Rasura .
    What has been called in France, Fracture en RAQUETTE , Cactus opuntia.
    тате . RAREFA'CIENS , Arcot'icus, (F. ) Raréfiant,
    RAPHA'NIA , Convulsio Raphania ,Rhaphania , from rarus, ' rare ,' and facere, ' to make.' Me
    Morbus spasmod'icus malignus seu popularis, dicines were so termed, which were supposed
    M. Silesiacus, Eclamp'sia typho'des, Sync'lonus to be possessed of the power of giving more
    Raphania. Linnæus gave this name to a con- bulk
    vulsive disease , not uncommon in Germany
    orextension to the blood or other humours .
    RARÉFIANT, Rarefaciens.
    and Sweden , and which has been attributed to RASCATIO , Excreation .
    the seeds of the Raph'anus Raphanis'trum being RASCETA , Carpus, Malleolus.
    inixed with the corn . The convulsions are RASH FEVER , Scarlatina, nettle , Urticaria
    seated in the limbs, and are attended with -r. Rose , Roseola — r. Summer , Lichen tropicus
    acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis, and Er--- r. Tooth , Strophulus.
    gotism . RASORIUM , Raspatorium .
    RAPH'ANUS HORTENʼSIS , Raphanus, R. RASPATO'RIUM , Raso'rium , Ratula ,
    sativus, R. niger , Radic'ula. The Radish. ( F. ) Scalprum raso'rium , Xysté'ra, Radula, Runcin'
    Raifort, Radis. Family, Cruciferæ . Sex. Syst. ula , Scalprum ,( F. ) Rugine, Grattoir. An instru
    Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The root of this plant ment used for rasping bones, to detach the pe
    is a common esculent. It has, also , been given riosteum,-either in certain surgical operations,
    as a diuretic in calculous affections. The juice, or for anatomical purposes.
    made into a syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarse- RASPBERRY , Rubus idæus .
    ness . Radishes have long been celebrated as RASSETA PEDIS , Tarsus.
    anti -scorbutics . RASTETA , Carpus, Malleolus.
    RAPHANUS MARINUS, Cochlearia armoracia- RASU'RA , Xysma, Xysmos, ( F.) Rapure. A
    r . Raphanistrum , see Raphania - r. Rusticanus , rasure, or scratch , or erosion . Also , the rasping
    Cochlearia armoracia-r. Sylvestris, Cochlearia or sharing of any substance ; as Rasu're Cornu
    armoracia . Cerri, Hartshorn sharinys.
    RAPHE, or RHAPHĒ, qan,'a suture. A RASURA, Scobs .
    name given to prominent lines resembling a RATAFI’A . A liquor prepared by imparting
    raised stitch. Such is the Raphe or Tramis to ardent spirits the flavour of various kinds of
    that divides the scrotum into two parts , and fruits , and adding sugar.
    which extends from the anterior part of the RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia - r. of the
    anus to the extremity of the penis. The name Antilles,Krameria ixina.
    Raphe, or Linea media'na, is , also , given to two RITE , Spleen .
    prominent lines which are longitudinal and RATÉLEUX, Spleneticus.
    parallel , and are seen at the upper surface of the RATÉLIER, Dentier.
    corpus callosum , extending from the anterior to RATIO . A reason , cause , an explanation ;
    the posterior extremity of that commissure. as Ratio symptom'alum , an explanation of the
    RAPHEX , Chenopodium vulvaria . symptoms.
    RAPHIANKIS'TRON , from paplov, ' a nee . RAT ! o , Reason .
    dle,' and ayniotoov, ' a hook . ' An instrument RATIONAL , Rationa'lis . That which is con
    employed in the formation of artificial pupil. formable to reason . This epithet is often opposed
    RAPHION , Needle, to empirical ; as rational treatment. The French ,
    RAPHIS , Needle . also, say Signes rationules, in opposition to Signes
    RAPPORT, (F.) Relatio, Renuncia'tio . A sensibles.
    deposition made by the physician or surgeon to RATSBANE , Arsenious acid .
    prove the condition of a person , the nature of a RATTLE , Rhonchus, Rhenchus, Rhenris, from
    disease, the existence ornon-existence of preg- (D.) Ratel. Rhoncus, Cerchnus, Rhogmos. (F.)
    mancy, a sudden or violent death , & c. Formerly, Râle. Noise produced by the air in passing
    there were the Rapports dénonciatifs, made at through mucus, of which the lungs are unable
    the desire of the injured or their friends, and to free themselves. Thi condition is chietiy
    RATTLESNAKE 597 RECTO -VAGINAL

    observed at the approach of death ; and is com- merly prepared from urine , and administered
    monly called “ the rattles." in jaundice.
    The name Râle has been given to different ŘEBOLEA , Mummy.
    sounds during respiration, caused by the air REBONA , Mummy.
    passing through fluid contained in the bronchi, REBOUTEUR , Renoueur.
    or areolæ of the pulmonary tissue ; and which RECEPTACULA DURÆ MATRIS , Sinuses
    of the dura mater .
    are perceived by the stethoscope.
    RALE CREPITANT, Rhonchus crep'itans. See RECEPTACULUM CHYLI, R. Pecquet'i
    Crepitation . seu Pecquetia 'num , Direr so'rium Chyli, Sacculus
    RALE MUQUEUX , Rhon'chus muco'sus, ' Mucous chylifer seu rorifer , Soccus lacteus, Alveus am
    Rattle .' The sound produced by the passage pullo'sus seu ampulles'cens, Utric'ulus lacteus,
    of air through mucus accumulated in the bron. Vesic'ula chyli, Ampulla chylifera seu chyli, Cis.
    chi or trachea, or through softened tubercular ter'na lumbaris, Chylocys'tis, C. Chyli, Latices
    matter. lactei. ( F. ) Reservoir du chyle, R. de Pecquet,
    This râle occurs in catarrh , and in softened Citerne lombaire. A considerable dilatation of
    tubercle . When carried to a very high degree the thoracic duct, in front of the lumbar region
    it constitutes a gurgling , ( F ) Gargouillement. of the vertebral column.
    RALE SIBILANT, Rhon'chuś sibilans, Sibilant The Receptaculum Cotun'nii is a triangulır
    Rattle. A slight, though prolonged whistling space , formed by a separation of the two lamine
    sound , occurring either at the commencement of the dura mater in the internal ear, near the
    of inspiration, or of expiration, owing to the middle of the posterior surface of the pars pe .
    presence of mucus, thin and viscid , but not trosa of the temporal bone , where the aquæ .
    abundant, which obstructs, more or less com- ductus vestibuli terminates. It is always filled
    pletely, the smaller bronchial ramifications. It with the Fluid of Cotugno.
    is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in the RECEPTACULUM PECQUETI , R. chyli.
    first stage of bronchitis. RECEPTIVÖITY, ( F. ) Réceptivité. A word ,
    RALE SONORE, Rhonchus sono'rus, Sonorous used by Tissot to express the susceptibility of
    Rattle. A sound resembling at times the snoring certain organs to receive morbific impressions.
    of a person asleep, at others the sound of the RECESSIO , Paroxysm .
    bass string of an instrument when rubbed with RECESSUS, Abscess .
    the finger, and not unfrequently the cooing RECHAMELCO , Rachamelca .
    ( F. ) ( Rucoulement) of a dove. It seems to be RECHUTE . See Relapse.
    caused by a contraction of the bronchial tubes , RÉCIDIVE. See Relapse .
    and is characteristic of chronic catarrh . RECIPE, ( L. ) A Latin word , which sig.
    RATTLESNAKE , Crotalus horridus - r. nities “ take ,' ' ( F.) Prenez , and with which
    Root , Polygala senega. prescriptions are commenced. It is, often , re
    RATULA , Raspatorium . presented by R , K , and , was formerly by 24 .
    RAUCE'DO , Rau'citas, Parapho'nia rauca , See Abbreviation ,
    Asper'itas Arte'riæ as'pere , Vox rauca, Branchus, RECLINATION, Reclina'tio; from reclina're,
    Hoarseness, ( F. ) Enrouement, Raucité. “ to bend back .' A mode of operating for the
    change in the voice , which loses its smooth- cataract, which consists in applying the needle ,
    ness and becomes low and obscure . It is a in a certain manner, to the anterior surface of
    common symptom in diseases of the larynx and the cataract and depressing it into the vitreous
    trachea .
    humour, in such a way , that the front surface
    RAUCITAS , Raucedo. of the cataract is the upper one and its back
    surface the lower one.
    RAUCITÉ, Raucedo.
    RAVE , Brassica rapa. RECOMPOSITION , Metasynchrisis.
    RAYONNE , Radiated. RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritic.
    RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes . REC'REMENT, Recrementum . A humour,
    which , after having been separated from the
    REACTION ,Reactio. An action ofresistance blood, is again returned to it ; such as the saliva,
    to a power
    ment applied . A
    or excitement, species
    tending to of vital move
    prevent or de the secretion of serous membranes, & c. Such
    fluid is said to be recrementitial.
    stroy the effects of any noxious power applied RECRUDESCENTIA , Palincote'sis, naty
    to the animal cconomy, and which, by some, xstyoeş , Recrudes'cence . An increase of a dis
    has been attributed to the vis medicatrir natura .
    It is certainly dependent on the organic instinc ease aftera temporary remis sion.
    Rectificatio.
    RECTIFICATION , An opera
    tive actions of the frame. tion , by which certain liquids are purified by
    REAL/GAR , Realgal,Arlada, Arladar, Auri- distilling them either singly, or after admixture
    pigmen'tum rubrum , Arsen'icum rubrum facti'- with other substances.
    tium , Abessi, Sandara'cha Græcoʻrum , the Red RECTO - VAGINAL , Recto-vagina'lis. That
    Sulphuret of Mercury. A violent poison . See which relates or belongs to the rectum or va
    Poison . gina.
    REASON , Ratio, Logos, (F. ) Raison. The The Recto-VAGINAL SEPTUM, ( F.) Cloison
    faculty or property of the mind, by means of recto -vaginale is formed by the junction - back
    which man perceives the distinction between to back- (or by what the French term adosse
    right and wrong, in physics as well as morals. ment) of the rectum and vagina. It separates
    Reason is a just conclusion resulting from the these two canals from each other.
    comparison of two ideas; by virtue ofwhich we RECTO -Vaginal Fistula is owing to a pre
    form a judgment. ternatural communication between the rectum
    BEBISÓLA. A name for medicines, for- and vagina, through the above septum.
    RECTUM 598 RECTUS

    RECTUM ; so called from a notion that it is | There is a muscle of this name on each side of
    straight. It is not so . Intesti'num Rectum , the head . It is flat, quadrilateral, and passes
    Apeuthysmenos, Euthyen'teron, Longaon, Lon- from the transverse process of the atlas to the
    gas, Longanon , Archos , Cys'saros, Princeps, occiput, behind the jugular fossa . It inclines
    Monoco'lon (? ) The third and last portion of the head to one side.
    the great intestine. It forms the continuation Rectus Capitis Posti'cus MAJOR , R. Major,
    of the sigmoid flexure of the colon , occupies R. Capitis posti'cus minor ( Albinus,) Spini-aroido
    the posterior part of the pelvis and extends occipitalis, Azordo-occipitale (Ch.,) (F.) Grand
    from the left side of the sacro -vertebral articu- droit postérieur de la tête. A flat, triangular
    lation to the coccyx , before which it opens muscle situate at the posterior and superior
    outwards by the orifice called the anus. It is part of the neck . It extends from the spinous
    cylindrical, but succated, as it were , at its infe- process of the second cervical vertebra to the
    rior portion, where it is consequently larger , external surface of the lower semicircular ridge
    and is attached to the sacrum by the mesorec. of the occipital bone. This muscle extends the
    tum . Like the other portions of the canal it head; inclines it to one side; and causes it to
    is formed of three membranes. Towards the experience a rotary motion , which directs the
    lower extremity ,some parallel and longitudinal face to its side.
    wrinkles are observable on its inner surface ; Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Minor, R. Minor,
    these are the Columns of the Rectum or of Mor | Tuber.atloido- occipital, Atlordo- occipital (Ch . ,)
    gagni, (F.) Colonnes du rectum ou de Morgagni . |(F.) Petit droit postérieur de la tête. À flat,
    They are merely folds of themucous membrane, triangular muscle, situate beneath the last,
    between which are a number of Lacuna . and which passes from the posterior arch of
    The arteries of the rectum are numerous . the atlas to the occipital bone. It extends the
    They proceed from the inferior mesenteric , head .
    hypogastric, and internal pudic, and are called Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor , R. C. P.
    hemorrhoidal (q. v .) The veins open , partly major - r. Cruris, R. femoris-r. Interior femo
    into the hypogastric vein, partly into the infe. ris, Gracilis—r. Internus major,R.capitis inter
    rior mesenteric. The nerves proceed from the nus major - r. Internus minor, R. capitis inter
    sciatic and hypogastric plexuses. The rectum nus minor - r. Lateralis, R. capitis lateralis - s.
    receives the fæcal matters, as they are passed Lateralis Fallopii, R. C. lateralis - r. Major, R.
    from the colon , which serves as a reservoir. capitus posticus major - r. Minor, R. capitis
    RECTUS ABDOM'INIS , Pubio -sternal, Ster. posticus minor.
    no-pubien (Ch . ,) ( F. ) Droit de l'abdomen. A Rectus Externus Oculi , Abductor oculi, In
    long, flat muscle , sitúate at the anterior part of dignabun'dus, Indignuto'rius, Iracun'dus, Oc' .
    the abdomen , and separated from that of the ulum movens secundus, Orbito -extus-scléroticien.
    opposite side by the linea alba. It is attached , All the recti muscles of the eye , four in num
    above , to the cartilages of the three last true her, arise from the bottom of the orbit, and are
    ribs; and, below, to the pubis by a very strong inserted into the sclerotic coat of the eye. The
    tendon, the outer edge of which is continuous Rectus externus, (F.) Droit externe, Irascible, ou
    with the fascia transversalis. This muscle is Abducteur is divided, at its posterior extremity,
    enclosed in an aponeurotic sheath ; and , in its into two portions , one of which is attached to
    course, has three or four transverse, aponeu- the outer part of the foramen opticum , and the
    rotic intersections . It bends the chest on the other to the sphenoid bone.
    pelvis and vice versa. The Rectus INFERIOR Oculi, Depressor
    RECTUS ANTERIOR BRevis, Rectus capitis oculi, Tim'idus, Dep'rimens, Humilis, Oculum
    internus minor - r. Anterior longus, R. capitis morens quartus, Sous-optico-sphéno -scléroticien,
    internus major - r. Capitis anticus longus, R. C. (F.) Droit inférieur ou abaisseur de l'ail, arises
    internus major . below the optic foramen , from the sphenoid
    Rectus Capitis InternUS MAJOR, R. inter- bone. It depresses the eye .
    nus major, R. anterior longus, Trachélo -basilaire, The RECTUS INTERNUS Oculi , Addu'cens
    Rectus capitis anti'cus longus, ( F. ) Grand droit oculi, Bibito'rius, Oculi adductor, Oculum movens
    antérieur de la tête. This muscle is long in primus, Orbito-intus-scleroticien, (F.) Droit in
    proportion to its breadth ; flat, and broader above ierne de l'æil ou adducteur ou bureur. It arises
    than below. It is situate at the anterior and from the sphenoid at the inferior part of the
    lateral part of the neck , and arises from the foramen opticum. It turns the eye towards
    transverse processes of the 3d , 4th , 5th , and the nose.
    6th cervical vertebræ . It is inserted into the Tue Rectus SUPERIOR Oculi , Autollens
    basilary process of the occipital bone. oculi, Levator oculi, Superbus, Elera'tor oculi,
    Rectus Capitis INTERNUS Minor, R. internus Oculum modenstertius, Sus-optico-sphéno-sclero
    minor, Ren'uens, An'nuens,R. anterior brevis, ticien, (F.) Droit supérieur,ou élévateur de l'æil,
    Petit trachélo-basilaire, (F.) Petit droit antérieur Dédaigneur, is attached to the circumference of
    de la tête. This is situate deeper than the last . the foramen opticum .
    It is thin , flattened , irregularly quadrilateral, (All the recti muscles are concerned in the
    and passes from the anterior surface of the voluntary motions of the eye . The oblique
    body of the first vertebra ,near the origin of the muscles, have been supposed to execute the in
    transverse process, to be inserted into the basi- voluntary.- (Sir C. Bell.)
    lary process: Rectus FEMORIS, Rectus sive grac''ilis an
    Řectus Capitis LATERA’LIS, R. lateralis Falterior, Rectus cruris, Ilio-rotulien , (F.) Droit an
    lo'pii, Transversa'lis anti'cus primus, Rectus térieur de la cuisse. A straight muscle seated
    lateralis, Trachélo-atloido-basilaire, Atloido-sous- at the anterior part of the thigh. It extends
    occipital (Ch . ,) ( F. ) Droit latéral de tête. from the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium
    RECUBITORIUM 599 RELAPSE

    and the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This, Potassæ Nitras, (? ) the Soda Boras, (? ) but
    muscle extends the leg upon the thigh and con . chiefly the abstraction of caloric by ice and iced
    versely . It can, also, bend the thigh upon the drinks , cold water, cold lemonades, soda water,
    pelvis or carry the pelvis forward . and effervescing draughts internally ; and ex.
    RECUBITORIUM , Anaclinterium . ternally cool air, ice, cold water, evaporating
    RECUR'RENT, Recurrens; from recur'rere, lotions and frigorific mixtures.
    • to run back.' A name given to several arterial RÉFRIGERATIFS, Refrigerants.
    and nervous branches, which seem to re-ascend REGENERATIO , Reproduction .
    towards the origin of the trunk whence theyREGENERATION, “Regenera'tio, Palin
    emanated. genesia. Reproduction of a part of the body ,
    RECURRENT ARTERIES. This name has been which has been destroyed.
    given to several arteries of the forearm , and to REG'IMEN , from reg''erē, ' to govern
    one of the leg. The rational and methodical use of food, and
    In the forearm , there are, 1. The Radial re- of every thing essential to life ; both in a state
    current, Artère recurrente de l'épicondyle, ( Ch .) of health and disease. It is often restricted , in
    which arises from the superior part of the radial, its meaning , to Diet.
    and ascends between the supinator longus, s . REGINA PRATI, Spiræa ulmaria.
    brevis, and the brachialis internus. 2. The an- REGIO CARDIACA, Epigastric region-r.
    terior cubital recurrent, A. recurrente de l'épitro- Hypochondriaca, Hypochondre - r. Stomacha
    chlée, (Ch .) which arises from the upper and lis, Epigastric region - r. Stomachica, Epigas
    inner part of the cubital, and ascends between tric region .
    the pronator teres and brachialis internus. 3. REGION , Regio. Anatomists have called
    The posterior cubital recurrent, which arises regions, determinate spaces on the surface of
    from the preceding artery, or from the cubital the body or of different organs. Thus, the
    itself, and ascends between the olecranon and abdomen has been divided into several; to
    internal tuberosity of the humerus. 4. The which different names have been given .-See
    posterior radial recurrent. A. recurrente olé. Abdomen , Epigastrium , Hypochondrium , Hypo
    cranienne, (Ch. ). It arises from the posterior gastrium , &c.
    interosseous , and ascends between the posterior REGION OMBILICALE , Umbilical R.
    cubital and anconeus muscles. RÈGLES, Menses.
    In the leg ,—the Arteria recurrens tibialis, A. RÉGLISSE , Glycyrrhiza.
    recurrente du genou (Ch .) is furnished by the REGLUTINATIO , Decollement. 1

    anterior tibial , and ascends to the tibialis anticus RÈGNE ANIMAL . See Animal.
    muscle . REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium .
    RECURVATIO. See Hump. REGURGITA'TION , Regurgita'lio.
    The
    REDIMICULUM , Diadema. act by which a canal or reservoir frees itself,
    REDINGOTES ANGLAISES, Condom . without effort, from substances accumulated in
    REDOUBLEMENT, Exacerbation, Pa- it. Usually , it is applied to the puking of in
    roxysm . fants ; and to the rising of solids or Auids into
    REDUCTIO , Taxis. the mouth in the adult.
    REDUCTION, Reduc'tio, Reposi'tio, Resti- The substances brought into the mouth by
    tu'tio. A surgical operation,the object of which regurgitation, the French call Renvois.
    is to restore displaced parts to their original REIN, Kidney.
    situation. Thus, we say the reduction of a REINE DES PRÈS, Spiræa ulmaria.
    luxation, when the displaced parts are again REINFORCEMENT, FASCICULUS OF,
    brought to their proper relative situation. The F. Cunca'tus. A band of fibres from the corpus
    reduction of a hernia is the restoration of the innominatum or lateral part of the antero -lateral
    protruded parts to the cavity of the abdomen. column of the medulla, which is continued up
    This is , also , called Taris. behind and around the corpus olivare, is lined
    REDUNDANTIA , Plethora. on its inner or central surface with cineritious
    REDUVIA , Paronychia . substance, enlarges as it ascends, passes over
    REFECTIO , Restauratio. the upper surface of the Pons Varolii , and is
    REFLECTION , Duplicature. expanded into the optic thalamus. It thus
    REFLEX SYSTEM OF NERVES. See forms, in its course , the anterior paries of the
    Nerves . 4th ventricle , and is brought into view by
    REFRACTION, Photocamp'sis, from retro, brushing away the tuberculum cinereum or gray
    . backwards,' and frango,' I break. The change matter of the ventricle. The band has received
    of direction which rays of light experience these names owing to its constantly increasing
    when they pass obliquely from one medium as it ascends, and being mixed up with gray
    into another of different density . If the light matter on its inner face, from which it seems
    passes from a rarer to a denser medium it ap- to derive new fibres.
    proaches the perpendicular raised at the point REJECTIO , Anago'gē. Every excretion by
    of immersion. The contrary occurs, when it the mouth ; spitting, expectoration , regurgita
    goes from a denser to a rarer medium . The lion or vomiting.
    theory of lenses , telescopes, and of the eye REJECTIO SANGUINIS E PULMONIBUS , Hæmop
    rests entirely on this property of light. lysis.
    RÉFRAICHISSANTS, Refrigerants. RELACHEMENT, Relaxation .
    REFRIG'ERANTS, Refrigeran'tia, Psych '. RELAPSE, Hypot'rope,Hypotropiasmus,from
    tica, (F.) Refraichissans, Refrigeratifs. Medi- re , ' again ,' and labor, • I fall down .' The re
    cines, which depress the morbid temperature of turn of a disease, during, or shortly after, con
    the body . The chiefreputed refrigerants, are the valescence. The French use Rechule in this
    RELATIO 600 REPRODUCTION

    sense ; and Récidive (Morbus recidi'vus) for the These are two :-one on each side. They pro
    return of a complaint , at a greater or less period ceed from fasciculi of the solar and cæliac
    after the complete restoration of health . plexuses ; from the outer part of the semilunar
    RELATIO , Rapport. ganglion and the final expansion of the small
    RELAXANT , Lazans, Malacticum, ( F. ) Re- splanchnic nerves . These plexuses begin by
    lachant. A medicine which diminishes the three or four ganglions, situate at th com
    tension of organs . Mucilaginous and fatty sub- mencement of the renalartery ; and they give
    stances are relaxants . off from their circumference many fine, straight
    RELAXANTIA , Emollients. filaments , which do not anastomose, and which
    RELAXA'TION, Chala'sis, Chalas’mos, (F.) enter the kidney with the divisions of the renal
    Relachement. In Physiology, relaxation is op- artery . These divisions they accompany .
    posed to contraction . In Pathology , it means RENCHUS, Snoring, Stertor .
    great looseness ofa part. RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules,
    RELEVEUR DE L'ANUS, Levator ani-r . renal.
    de la Lèvre inférieure, Levator labii inferioris- RENNET, Runnet. When the fourth stomach
    r. du Menton, Levator labii inferioris - r. de or Abomasus, (q. v . ) of the calf is salted and
    l'Omoplate, Levator scapulq --r. de la Prostate , dried, it possesses the property of coagulating
    Levator prostatæ -r. de l'Urèthre, Levator ure- milk , when a portion of it is soaked in water,
    thræ . and the infusion is added to the milk .
    RELIQUAT, ( F. ) The remnant or remains RENONCULE, Ranunculus - r. Bulbeuse,
    of a disease . Ranunculus bulbosus.
    REMÈDE , Clyster -- r. du Capuchin, Liquor RENOUÉE, Polygonum aviculare .
    hydrargyri nitrici - 1. du Duc d'Antin , Liquor RENOUEUR , ( F.) Rebouteur, Rhabilleur. A
    hydrargyri nitrici. bone -doctor :-a bone- setter. One who makes a
    REMÉDIUM , Juvans, Medicament. trade of reducing fractures and dislocations.
    REMEDY , Medicament - r. English , Cin- RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus uninor.
    chona. RENUNCIATIO , Rapport.
    REMISSIO , Decline. RENVERSEMENT DE LA LANGUE,
    REMIS'SION , An'esis, Submis'sio, Aph'esis, Paraglossa — r . de la Matrice, Uterus, inversion
    En'dosis, Remis'sio, from remit'terë, “ to relax. ' of the - r. des Paupières, Ectropion - r. du Rec
    In a more extensive signification, a temporary tum , Proctocele - r. de la Vessie, Exocyste ,
    diminution of the symptoms of a disease, either Exstrophia of the bladder.
    acute or chronic . Diminution in the febrile REPANDATIO , Lordosis.
    symptoms, such as occurs in a remittent fever, REPEL'LENTS , Repellen'tia , Repercutien'
    between the exacerbations . tia , Apocrus'tica , (F.) Répercussifs. Medicines
    REMITÄTENT, Remittens, same etymon . which, when applied to a tumefied part, cause
    Any disease , which presents remissions, ( q. v .) the fluids, that render it tumid, to recede, as it
    A REMITTENT FEVER, Febris remittens, Epan', were , from it. Astringents, cold water, ice ,
    ctus, is one which strikingly exacerbates and &c . are repellents.
    remits , but without intermission, RÉPERCUSSIFS, Repellents.
    REM'ORA , from remora'ri, to arrest. ' The REPERCUSSIO , Contra-fissura.
    name of two surgical instruments, intended to REPERCUS'SION , Anac'lasis. Disappear
    retain parts in sitû. The one was used, for- ance of a tumour or cutaneouseruption , in con
    merly, in castration , to prevent the intestines sequence of the application of a repellent. The
    from protruding at the inguinal ring; the other, action of a repellent remedy. The French wri
    called Remora Hilda'ni, (F.) Arrêt d'Hildan, ters use the term délitescence for the sudden dis
    Echene'is, eyeines , was employed to maintain
    fractures and luxations reduced . It is not now appearance of purulent
    tive disease ,or a tumour,collection , withouterup
    inflammation, the
    used .
    disease occurring in any other part of the body :
    REMORA ARATRI, Ononis spinosa. in this respect delitescence differs from metas
    REN , Kidney . tasis : Delitescence of an inflammation or " sud
    RENÁL, Rena'lis, from Ren , “ the kidney .' den disappearance,' is distinguished by certain
    That which relates to the kidney . French pathologists from Resolution, (q . v.)
    1. The RENAL or EMUL'GENT ARTERIES are
    Repercussion also means Ballotlement, (q. v . )
    very large and short, and commonly two in REPERCUTIENTIA , Repellents.
    number,-one to each kidney . They arise from REPLETIO , Fulness , Plethora.
    the sides of the abdominal aorta , forming with
    it a right angle . The left is commonly a little REPLI LONGITUDINAL DE LA ME
    more anterior and elevated than the right. NINGE, Falx cerebri.
    After a short course , they arrive at the fissure REPOSITIO , Reduction , Taxis .
    of the kidney, where they divide , before en. REPOUSSOIR, Punch-r. d'Arêtes, Pro
    tering it, into three or four very considerable bang.
    branches. REPRODUCTION , Regenera'tio. The func
    2. The RENAL or EmulgENT VEINS. These tion, by which living bodies produce bodies
    are very large . Their roots follow the same similar to themselves. See Generation . As a
    course as the arteries in the substance of the general remark , it will be found true , that the
    kidney. In the fissure or pelvic portion of the larger animals are uniparous ; and the smaller ,
    kidney , they unite into a single trunk , which which are more exposed to destruction , multi
    passes transversely inwards, and opens at the parous . The mammalia being of the same na
    side of the vena cava descendens . tural class as man , it may be useful to compare
    3. The RENAL or EMULGENT PLEXUSES . them in this respect.
    REPRODUCTION 601 REPRODUCTION

    COMPARATIVE TABLE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA .

    Species. Age capable of en-Duration of gesta-Number of young at Period of cessation


    tion
    gendering. . each birth . of the functions.

    Primates.
    Man , 14 years 9 months to 31
    1 Do. At a somewhat ad
    Monkeys (large ,) 3 years 7 months
    Do. (long-tailed ,) 2 years 6 months Do. vanced age .
    Carnivora .
    Bear, 2 years 112 days 1 to 4 25 to 30 years.
    Badger, 3 to 4 20 to 25 years.
    Hedgehog , 1 year 1month and 10 days 3 to 5
    Ferret , 11 months Do. 5 to 9 twice a year Produces during life.
    Otter , 3 months 3 to 4
    Pole -cat,
    Marten ,
    Weasel, and before 1 year 56 days 3 to 6 8 to 10 years.
    Ermine,
    Didelphus,
    Opossum , and 4 to 6 10 years. (?)
    Philander,
    Lion, 2 years 3 to 4 months 3 to 4 20 to 25 years.
    Tiger,
    Leopard, Do. 3 months 4 to 5 Do.
    Lynx , 9 weeks 3 to 4
    Wild Cat , before 1 year 56 days 4 to 6 9 years.
    Wolf, 2 years 73 days 5 to 9 15 to 20 years .
    Dog in the most 10 mouths 63 days
    natural state, 3 to 6 15 years .
    Fox, 1 year . 2 months (?) Do. 10 or 12 years.
    Jackall, Do. 5 to 8
    Isatis , 63 days 6 to 7
    Phoca , 3 months (?) 2 to 3
    Rodentia. 1
    Squirrel, 1 year 45 days 3 to 4 twice a year Produces during life.
    Flying Squirrel, 3 to 4 Do.
    Ondatra , 3 to 5 Lives 6 years.
    Beaver, 4 months 2 to 3
    Hare , 1 year 30 days 2 to 4 several Lives 8 years.
    times a year. )
    Rabbit, 6 months Do. 4 to 8 do . Lives 8 or 9 years.
    Rat, Do. 5 or 6 weeks 5 to 6 do . Produces during life.
    Mouse , Do. 1 monti Do. Do.
    Marmot, 6 weeks 2 to 4 Do.
    Guinea Pig, 5 to 6 weeks 3 weeks 5 to 8 times a year Do.
    Dormouse , 1 year 3 to 5
    Edentata .
    Armadilla , 4 times a year 7 to 8 years. (?)
    Ruminantia.
    Camel, 4 years 11 months or 1 year 1 40 to50 years .
    Dromedary , Do. Do. Do.
    Buffalo, 3 years 9 months 1 15 to 18 years .
    Beef, 2 years Do. 1 to 2 9 years .
    Lama, 3 years Do. 12 years.
    Reindeer, 2 years 8 months 1 Lives 16 years.
    Buck and Doe, 1 year Do. 1 to 2 Lives 25 or 30 years .
    Roebuck , Do. 5 months Do. Lives 12 or 15 years.
    Saiga ( Antelope,) 1 year Do. Do. Lives 15 or 20 years.
    Chamois and Wild Goat, Do. Do. 1 , 2, and 3 Lives 18 or 20 years.
    Goat, Do. Do. Do. 7 years .
    Musimon , 14 year Do. 1 to 2 8 or 10 years.
    Sheep, 1 year Do. Do. 8 years .
    Solipedes .
    Horse, 21 years 290 days 1 or 2 25 or 30 years .
    Ass , Do. Do. Do. Do.
    Zebra, Do. Do. Do.
    Do.
    Pachydermata .
    Hog,
    Elephant, 9 months or 1 year 4 months 10 to 20 15 years.
    16 years ( 1) 9 to 11 months 1 or 2 Lives 70 years. (?)
    Rhinoceros, 5 years ( ?) 1 or 2 (3) Lives 60 years. (?
    Hippopota mus,
    Morse, 9 months i
    76
    REPULSORIUM 602 RESPIRATORY

    REPULSORIUM , Punch . RESOLUTIO MEMBRORUM , Paralysis.


    REPURGA'TIO , Anacathar'sis. According RESOLU'TION , Resolutio, Discus'sio, from u

    to Castelli - purgation by transpiration or by resolvere , ' to loosen . ' One of the terminations
    th
    expectoration. Medicines producing this effect of inflammation, in which the inflamed part
    are called Repurgantia . returns gradually , and without suppuration , to
    RES CONTRA NATU'RAM, (F. ) Choses con . the healihy condition.
    tre nature , are those things which ' tend to de- RESOLUTION DES MEMBRES , Paralysis.
    stroy man ;-as disease, and every thing con- RESOLVENTIA , Discutients.
    nected with it . RES'ONANCE , from re , ‘ again ,' and sono ,
    Res Culinaria , Culinary art-r. Medica, “ I sound . ' ' A return of sound. A thrilling of
    Medicina. the voice more loud than natural , or its exist
    Res NATURA'LES, ( F.) Choses naturelles. ence in a part where it is not heard in health ; ted
    Those things, which, by their union , were con- as detected by auscultation. A thickened and
    ceived to constitute the nature of man ; such hardened state of the lung; caused either by a
    as the elements , temperaments , humours , mass of crude tubercles, or by inflammation,
    spirits, & c . produces this phenomenon , by rendering the
    Res Non NATURAʼLES, ( F.) Choses non -natu- lung a better conductor of the murmur of the
    relles. Those things which, anciently , formed voice in the bronchi. Hence the origin of the pla
    the matter of hygiène. See Non -Naturals. term Bronchophony, from Boorqoş, ' bronchus,' F
    Res VENEREA , Coition- r . Vestiaria, Vesti- and ourn, the voice . ' ( F.) Voir bronchique.
    tus . RESONITUS, Contra -fissura. Tb
    RÉSEAU, Rete-r . Admirable, Rete mirabile RESORPTIO , Absorption. life
    - . Merpeilleur, Rete mirabile . RESORP'TION , Resorptio, from resorbe're, F
    RESECTION, Resectio, from reseca're, ' to ' to absorb again .' Absorption of a fluid , which
    cut off.' A name , given , especially by the has been previously deposited in a part by the 801
    French surgeons , to operations, in which the exhalants :-asof pus , blood , serum , &c.
    carious extremities of long bones, or the uncon- RESPIRABLE, Respirabilis. Any gas is so
    solidated extremities of fractured bones, form- called, which can be breathed without positive
    ing irregular joints, are removed with the saw . danger.
    RESĒCTION . See Amputation. RESPIRAMEN , Respiration . P
    RESERVOIR DE LA BİLE , Gall-bladder- RESPIRAMENTUM , Respiration. Cac
    r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli - r.des Larmes , RESPIRATION, Anap'noē, from respi'ro, RE
    Lachrymal sac — r. of Pecquet, Cistern, lumbar ' I take breath . ' Anapneu'sis, Pneu'sis , Spira'
    -7. de Pecquet, Receptaculum chyli. tio, Respira'men , Respiramentum , Respira'tus,
    RESIMUS, Camus. Respir'itus, Spir'itus. A function , proper to Tere
    RESIN , Resi'na , Rheti'ne , entivn . A vegeta- aniinals, the object of which is , to place the T
    ble product, commonly dry and concrete, more materials of the blood- the mixture of the ve STY
    or less brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, nous blood with lymph and chyle-in contact eel!
    insipid , or of an acrid, warm taste; of a smooth, with atmospheric air, in order that it may ac of el
    glassy fracture , heavier than water, inflamma- quire the vivifying qualities that belong to arte R
    ble , insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, rial blood. R
    ether , and yolk of egy , and negatively electri- The organs for executing this function, are , plej
    fiable by friction. Many resins are used in –in the mammalia, birds, and reptiles,—the
    medicine: the greater part are purgative and lungs. In man , the respiration consists of pert
    irritating. Some act like acrid poisons. mechanical and chymical phenomena. The T
    RESIN, CAYENNE, Caoutchouc-r. of the mechanical are Inspiration (q. v .,) and Expira part
    Spruce fir , see Pinus abies. tion, (q. v. )
    RESINA ABIETIS, see Pinus abies-- r . The evident chymical phenomena consist in T
    Abietis, see Pinus picea - r. Abietis humida, the formation of a certain quantity of carbonic IRE
    sce Pinus abies - r. Abietis sicca , see Pinus acid , in the absorption of a part of the oxygen fa
    abies -- r. Alba, see Pinus sylvestris-r. Alba of the air, and in thedisengagement of a quan test
    humida, see Pinus abies-r. Copal , Copal - r. tity of water in the state of vapour. R
    Elastica, Caoutchouc-r. Flava, see Pinus syl- in the healthy condition , the respiration is bolic
    vestris-r. Fluida Canadensis, see Pinus balsa- easy , gentle, regular, and without noise. In sob
    mea - r. Juniperi, Sandarac - r. Laricis, see man, the respirations are , generally, about 35
    Pinus larix - r. Lentiscina, see Pistacia lentis- per minute in the first year of life ; 25 during for
    cus-r. Liquida pini balsameæ , see Pinus balsa- the second ; 20 at puberty ; and 18 in the adult R
    mea -- r. Liquida pini laricis, see Pinus larix- age.
    r. Nigra, Colophonia -- r. Pini, see Pinus sylves- RESPIRATION OF THE CELLS, Murmur respi
    tris r. Pini empyreumatica liquida , see Pinus ratory - r. Metallic, Tintement métalliquer.
    Bylvestris - r. Pini abietis sponte concreta, see Proof, Docimasia pulmonum - r. Souflante,
    Pinus abies — r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea, Murmur respiratory. out
    RESPIRATOR , same
    and Pinus mughos - r. Terebinthi, see Pistacia struments etymon . Various in rete
    terebinthus. have been devised for the purpose
    RESINA’TUM , Rhetino'ton, entivortor. An of tempering the air before it reaches the tare
    epithet for wine impregnated with resin , and lungs in winter. One of the best is that of
    used by the ancients asa stomachic. Jeffrey, which is made of several layers of a
    RESINE DE GOMART, see Bursera gum- fine wire tissue.
    mifera - r . de Lierre, see Hedera helix . RESPIRATORY . An epithet applied to pan
    RESINOCE'RUM , Rhetinoceron , entivoxn- the murmur heard by auscultation in a healthy
    pov . A mixture of resin and wax .- Galen, adult, during inspiration and expiration . It
    pres
    RESPIRATUS 603 RETRAHENS AURIS

    marks the entrance of the air into the cells, mours in its vicinity , foreign bodies in its ca
    and its passage out of them . See Murmur. vity, inflammation of the urethra, swelling of
    RESPIRATORY TRACT, Tractus respirato'rius; the prostate, stricture , & c. The pain is ex
    the middle column of the spinal marrow , de- tremely violent, and the bladder may be found
    scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the distended above the pubis .
    respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves. The treatment consists in introducing the
    RESPIRATUS, Respiration . catheter, or puncturing the bladder, and in com 1

    RESPIRITUS , Respiration . bating the cause, which has produced the reten
    RESTA BOVIS , Ononis spinosa. tion, by particular means adapted to each case .
    RESTAURA'TIO . Refec'tio, Analep'sis, Ana- RETICULAR , Ret'iform , Reticula'ris, Am
    trep'sis, Anacom'idë, Anaite'sis, Anacte'sis, Apo- phiblestroi'des, Dyctoi'des, Retiformis. That
    catastasis. Restoration of strength after dis- which resembles a net. An epithet applied to
    ease or great fatigue. many structures in the body .
    REST-HARROW , Ononis spinosa. RETICULAR SUBSTANCE , Cellular tissue.
    RESTIFORMIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid . RETIC'ULUM : diminutive of Rete , ' a net.'
    RESTITUTIO , Reduction - r. Organica, Mo- The Bonnet or Honeycomb-bag -- the second sto
    rio -plastice - r. Partium deperditarum , Morio. mach of the ruminant animal. See, also,
    plastice. Epiploon and Rete .
    RESUSCITATION , Resuscita'tio , from re- RETIFORM , Reticular.
    suscita're, ' to stir up anew . ' Revivification, RETINA , from rele , é a net : ' Tu'nica retina
    The restoration of persons, apparently dead, to seu reticula'ris seu retifor'mis seu in'tima oc'uli,
    life . See Asphyxia and Suffocation . Involucrum reti comparatum , Verricula'ris mem
    RETCHING, Vomiturition . bra'na, Amphiblestroi'des. A soft, pulpy , gray .
    RETE , Plexus—r. Malpighii, Corpus muco- ish, semi-transparent, very thin membrane ;
    sum . extending from the optic nerve to the crystal
    Rete, Retic'ulum ; a net ; Dictyon , ( F.) Re- line, embracing the vitreous humour, and lining
    seau .
    A name given to the interlacing and de- the choroid ; without, however , adhering to
    cussation of blood vessels , lymphatics , fibres , either of those parts. It is constituted , accord
    and nerves , when they form a kind of network . ing to most anatomists, by the expansion of the
    RETE has, also , been applied to the epiploon.- optic nerve . The retina appears formed of two
    Castelli . laminæ ; so joined together , that it is almost
    RETE Mirab'ıle, (F. ) Reseau admirable, R. impossible to separate them . The one - the
    merveilleux. A name given to the ramifications innermost — is medullary, pulpy ; the other
    and anastomoses of the internal carotid and the outer -- is stronger, and fibro -vascular.
    vertebral arteries, at the base of the brain . The retina is the essential organ of vision ;
    The RETE MIRABILE vel Rete VASCULO'- on it the images of objects are impressed . Both
    SUM Malpighi , is the plexus formed on the it and the optic nerve are devoid of general
    cells of the lungs by the minute ramifications sensibility. They may be punctured or lace
    of the pulmonary artery. rated without pain being experienced . The
    RETE Mucosum , Corpus mucosum . nerve of general sensibility, distributed to the
    RETE VASCULOSUM Testis. An irregular eye, is the fifth pair.
    plexus or network , formed by the communica- RETINACULA MORGAGNII. See Fræna
    tion of the Vasa recta at the upper and back of the valve ofBaubin.
    part of the testicle. RETINAC'ULUM . A surgical instrument,
    These Vasa recta are sent out at the back formerly used in the operation of castration ;
    part of the testicle, from the convoluted semi- and in that of hernia , to prevent the intestines
    nal tubes . from falling into the scrotum . - Scultet.
    The Rete Vasculosum Testis sends out from RETINACULUM, Bride.
    twelve to eighteen straight tubes , called Vasa RETORT', Retor'ta, Ba'tia, Cornu , Cornu'ta,
    efferentia , which convey the semen from the Cornes'ta, Cornumu'sa. ( F. ) Cornue, from
    testes to the epididymis . retor'queo , ' I bend back . A vessel, commonly
    RETENTION, Reten'tio ,from retinere, ' to of glass or earthenware , employed in distilla
    hold back.' Accumulation of a solid or liquid tion. It may be plain, or have a tubulure for
    substance , in canals intended for its excretion , admitting substances, whilst the distillation is
    or in a reservoir, intended to contain it only going on . In the latter case, it is said to be
    for a short period . tubulated ."
    RETENTION of URINE ; Paru'ria Retentio'nis RETRACTION , Retractio. State of a part,
    vesica'lis, Ischu'ria vesica'lis, Retentio Uri'na. when drawn towards the centre of the body
    testicles.
    (F.) Rétention d'urine. A disease in which the or backwards ; -as retraction of the
    urine , accumulated in the bladder, cannot be Sonetimes it is used synonymously with short
    evacuated ; or, at least, cannot be passed with ening or drawing up ; as in retraction of the
    out extreme difficulty. In the former case , the thigh,
    retention is said to be complete ; in the latter, RÉTRACTION DE LA MATRICE , Retro
    incomplete. Many writers have distinguished versio uteri.
    three degrees of this affection, to which they RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS , Bucci
    have given the names Dysury, (q. V.,) Stran- nator.
    gury, (q . V. ,) and Ischury , (q . v.) Retention RETÄRAHENS AURIS , Posterior Auris,
    of urinemay depend upon loss of contractility, Tricauda'lis, Triceps Auris, Retrahens Auriculæ,
    paralysis of the bladder, & c., or on some obsta- R. Auriculam, Secun'dusproprio'rum Auricula,
    cle to the passing of the urine, as in cases of Bicauda'lis, Deprimens Auriculæ , Proprius Au
    pressure of the womb on the bladder, of tu- ris externé, Mastoïdo-conchinien , Mastoïdo.ori.
    RÉTRECISSEMENT 604 RHETINOTON

    culaire, (Ch. ,) (F.) Auriculaire postérieur. It volvulus mechoacan - 1. Antiquorum , Rheum


    consists of one or more small fasciculi of fleshy , rhaponticum-r. Dioscoridis, Rheum rhapon.
    thin , somewhat irregular fibres, situate behind ticum - r. Monachorum , Rumex patientia - s.
    the ear. These are attached to the mastoid Nigrum, Convolvulus jalapa - r. Pauperum ,
    process , and pass horizontally forwards, to ter- Thalictron - r. Sibericum , Rheum - r. Tartari 1
    minate at the convexity forined by the concha cum , Rheum - r.Turcicum , Rheum . F
    of the ear . If this muscle had any use , it RHABARBE , Rheum- . Blanche, Conyol Т.
    would carry the ear backwards . vulus mechoacan-7 . des Moines, Rumex Al
    RETRÉCISSEMENT, Stricture . pinus.
    RETROCES'SION , Retrocessio . The act of RHABILLEUR , Renoueur.
    going back . A disappearance or metastasis of RHACHIÆI , Rhachitæ .
    a tumour, eruption, & c ., from the outer part of RHACHIALGITIS , Spinal irritation .
    the body to the inner. RHACHIPARALYSIS , Paraplegia. &
    RETROFLEXIO UTERI , Retroversio uteri . RHACHIPHYMA , Rachiphyma. CH
    RÉTROPULSION DE LA MATRICE, Re- RHACHIRRHEUMA, Lumbago.
    troversio uteri. RHACHIS, Vertebral column.
    28
    RETROVER'SIO UTERI, Retroversion of RHACHISAGRA , Rachisogra .
    the Uterus, Ædopto'sis Uteri retrover' sa , Retro- RHACHITÆ , Rhachiæi, Rachi'te or Ra
    flex'io Uteri, ( F.) Rétroversion, Rétraction, Olli- chia'i. The muscles of the spine. SOE
    quité ou Rétropulsion de la Matrice. A change RHACHITIS , Rachitis.
    in the position of the uterus, so that the fundus RHACHOSIS , Rachosis.
    of the organ is turned towards the concavity of RHAGʻADES, oayades , Rhagadia, Scissu'ra, ជ ០យ
    the sacrum , whilst the neck is directed towards Fissu'ra , Rime. Ruptures, chaps , or narrow
    the symphysis pubis. This displacement is and long ulcers, which form near the origin of RE
    commonly attended with constipation , tenes - mucous membranes ; especially around the
    mus, and retention of urine. Its usual periodi anus, and which are generally owing to the
    of occurrence is between the third and fourth syphilitic virus.
    months of pregnancy ; before the uterus has RHAGADES. See Fissure, of
    escaped above the superior aperture of the pel. RHAGE or RAGE, Qayn , a suffix denoting for
    vis . " In the treatment, the catheter must be violent rupture or discharge,as in Hemorrhage, be
    regularly used , twice a day, until the uterus, Menorrhagia, &c.
    by its growth , rises , above the pelvis. The RHAGE , Fissure . RE
    catheter should be small, flat, and curved con- RHAGOIDES, Uvea .
    siderably more than common , in consequence RHAMNUS, Rhamnus cathar'ticus Spina
    of the distorted course of the urethra . The cervi'na, Rhamnus solutious, Spina infectoria,
    bowels must be kept open ; and absolute rest, Cerrispina, Buckthorn , Purging buckthorn, (F.)
    in a recumbent posture, be enjoined. Should Nerprun purgatif. Family, Rhamnoideæ . Sca.
    it be impracticable to draw off the urine , at- Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The berries
    tempts must be made to replace the uterus. Rhamni Bacce — have a faint and disagreeable il
    The woman being on her hands and knees , the odour ; and bitterish , nauseous taste . They
    fore and middle fingers of the accoucheur's left are cathartic , and are apt to excite griping , 10g
    hand are to be passed up the rectum to the fun- which must be obviated by the use of diluents. ele
    dus uteri ; which they must elevate, whilst the RHAMNOS ALATER'NUS , Common alaternus,
    cervix uteri is carefully depressed bytwo fingers ( F.) Alaterne. The leaves have been used as
    of the right hand in the vagina. Should the detergents and astringents, in the form of gar
    fingers, employed to elevate the fundus, not be gle especially .
    long enough to effect this object , a piece of RHAMNUS FRAN'GULA . The Black Alder,
    whalebonemay be substituted, having a small | Frangula Alnus, Alnus Nigra, (F. ) Aune noir ,
    piece of sponge attached to one extremity as a Bourdaine, Bourgène. All the parts of this
    pad . tree , as well as of the common alder, are astrin
    RÉTROVERSION DE LA MATRICE, Re- gent and bitter. The bark is most so. The
    inner , yellow bark of the trunk or root acts as
    .
    troversio uteri. t's
    REUNIO , Synthesis . a cathartic. It has also been employed as an
    RÉVASSERIES. See Somnium . anthelmintic .
    RÈVE , Somnium . RHAMNUS Ziziphus. See Jujube .
    REVEIL. See Sleep- . en Sursaut , see RHANTER, Canthus , ( greater. )
    Sleep . RHAPHANEDON , Raphanedon . fo
    RÉVELLENT, Derivative. RHAPHANIA , Raphania. top
    REVERY , Aphelxia. RHAPHE , Raphe, Suture. De
    REVIVIFICATION , Resuscitation . RHAPONTICUM , Rheum rhaponticum - r. 负
    REVUL'SION, Revulsio, Antis'pasis. The Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium . GO
    act of turning the principle of a disease from RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum . TI
    the organ in which it seems to have taken its RHATANIA , Krameria ratanhia .
    seat. Rubefacients, vesicatories , bleeding in the RHEGMA , Laceration - r. Ligamentare, Apo the
    foot, &c . , are often used for this purpose. spasma. 18
    REVULSION , Derivation . RHENCHUS , Rattle .
    REVULSIVE , Derivative . RHENXIS , Rattle . it
    REYNOLD'S SPECIFIC . See Vinum col. RHEON , Rheum .
    chici . RHETINE , Resin , te
    RHA , Rheum . RHETINOCERON , Resinatum .
    RHABARBARUM , Rheum - r. Pum, Con- RHETINOTON , Resinatum . ly
    PT
    RHEUM 605 RHEXIS

    RHEUM , R. palma'lum , R. compac'tum, R. standing the apparent severity of the symp


    undulatum , Rhabarbarum , Rheon ,Rha,Rhæum , toms, is the translation or extension of the dis
    Lap'athum orientale, L. Chinen'së, Rhabar'ba- ease to some internal part, especially to the
    rum ve'rum , R. Tartar'icum , R. Siber'icum , R. heart. This tendency must always be borne in
    Tur'cicum , Rhubarb, (F.) Rhubarbe. Family, mind. Acute rheumatism seldom terminates in
    Polygoneæ . Sex. Syst. Enneandria Trigynia . the chronic ; they who are liable to the former,
    The root is the part used in medicine. Its are rarely so to the latter, and conversely.
    odour is aromatic , peculiar , and rather nause- The disease will generally run its course , in
    ous ; taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bit- spite of treatment. The usual antiphlogistic
    terish , and astringent. It colours the saliva plan had better be pursued, during the first
    and urine yellow . It is easily pulverized , and days of the disease. Blood-létting may be em
    forms a powder of a bright buff' yellow colour. ployed , if the vigour of the patient and of the
    Both water and spirit extract its virtues. The disease seems to require it; but, although the
    Chinese and Tartary rhubarbs are those gene- blood is generally buffy,bleeding does not usu
    rally used . ally seem to afford much relief.
    Rhubarb root is purgative , stomachic and The bowels must be kept open ; effervescent
    astringent. (?) . It is chiefly used for the proper- draughts be administered, and opium be given
    ties first mentioned ; externally, the powder is in full doses to allay pain . This is, generally,all
    sometimes sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their that is necessary during the first week ; after
    granulation . which, advantage will usually be obtained from
    Dose , aj to zss of the powder. In a smaller the exhibition of the sulphate of quinine with
    dose, it is stomachic. sulphuric acid. It does not augment the ex
    Rúsum ReapoN'Ticum, Rhapon'tic Rhubarb ; citement; and will be found proper in almost
    Rhapon'licum , Rhabarbarum Dioscoridis, R. An- all cases. Rheumatic inflammation is very dif
    tiquorum , ( F.) Rhapontique, Rhapontic. The ferent from other varieties, and this may ac
    root of this seems to have been the rhubarb of count for the anomaly . After a few weeks, the
    the ancients. It is more astringent than that disease usually goes off, but leaves the patient
    of the rheum palmatum , and less purgative ; very liable to a recurrence on slight exposures
    for the latter purpose , two or three drachms or errors of diet : at times, acute rheumatism
    being required for a dose. of the joints puts on the appearance of gout ,
    RHEUM COMPACTUM, Rheum - r. Palmatum , and seems to be a complication of the two af
    Rheum-r. Undulatum , Rheum . fections. It is then called Gouty or Arthritic
    RHEUMA , Catarrh , Rheumatism - r . Epide- rheumatism or Rheumatic gout.
    micum , Catarrh, epidemic - r. Pectoris, Caiarrh RHEUMATISM , ARTHRITIC, see Rh. acute -- r.
    --r. Uteri, Leucorrhæa. Gouty, see Rh. acute .
    RHEUMATALGIA , Rheumatism , chronic. RuEUMATISM, Chronic, Arthrosia chron'ica,
    RHEUMATISM , from pewna , ' a defluxion , Rheumatismus chronicus, R. vulga'ris seu in
    catarrh. Dolor Rheumaticus et arthriticus, vetera'tus seu habitua'lis seu frig'idus, Rheu
    (Hoffmann ,) Rheumato'sis, Myoso'tis, Rheuma, matal gia , Arthrodyn'ia , Arthritis arthrodynia ,
    Myodynia , (F.) Rhumatisme. A kind of shift. (F.) Rhumatisme chronique, is attended with
    ing phlegmasia, sometimes seated in the mus- pains in the hips , shoulders, knees , and other
    cles, sometimes in the parts surrounding the large joints. These are , sometimes, confined
    joints; and at others , within them . Hence to one joint; at others, shift from one to ano
    ihe name Muscular, Articular, and Synovial, ther, without occasioning inflammation, or fe
    which have been applied to it. The disease ver. ' In this manner, the complaint often con
    may be acute, or chronic. tinues for a great length of time, and then goes
    ACUTE RHEUMATISM, Arthrosia acuta , Rheu- off. There is no danger attendant upon it ; but
    matismus, Rh. inflammatoʻriusseu hyperstheni- the patient may become lame, and is always
    cus, Rheumat'ic Fe'ver, Rheumatopyra, Febris liable to painful recurrences.
    rheuma'tica inflammato'ria,Synocha rheumatica, Neither variety terminates in suppuration ;
    Myosotis, Myitis, Cauma rheumatismus, Arthri'- but effusion of coagulable lymph is apt to oc
    tis rheumatismus, Arthro-rheumatismus, Synovi'- cur , so as to occasion permanent thickening of
    tis rheumatisma'lis, Hæmo-arthritis, ( F.) Rhu- the parts. The great preventive of chronic
    matisme aigu, Fièvre rhumatismale, usually rheumatism , and one of the most valuable cura
    comes on with the ordinary symptomsof fever; tive agents, is flannel, worn next the skin . The
    soon after which or simultaneously, or even be- whole class of rubefacients may, also , be used
    fore the appearance of febrile signs, excrucia- with advantage . The warm bath , especially
    ting pains are felt in different parts of the body , the natural warm bath , the temperature of
    particularly in the larger joints,which are more which does not vary, is perhaps the most suc
    or less red and swollen ; the pain shifting from cessful remedy of all.
    one to the other, at times with greater rapidity. RHEUMATISMUS CANCROSUS , Neural
    The disease rarely terminates in less than six gia faciei - r. Dorsalis, Lumbago-r . Inflamina
    weeks , during the greater part of which period torius seu hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acu
    the febrile symptoms remain severe ; and what tus—r. Intestinorum cum ulcere,Dysentery --r.
    is peculiar to the disease , the skin may be co. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei - r. Spurius nervosus,
    vered daily with a profuse perspiration, although Neuralgia - r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus seu ha
    it feels extremely hot, and the pulse appears in bitualis seu frigidus, Rheumatism , chronic.
    no way modified by it . It is one of the essen- RHEUMATOPYRA , Rheumatism , acute .
    tial symptoms of the affection, and consequent- RHEUMATOSES , Rheumatism .
    ly affords no relief. The only danger to be ap- RHEX'IS, oršiş , Rupture. Rupture of a ves .
    prehended from acute rheumatisin, notwith- sel. Spontaneous opening of an abscess.
    RHICNOSIS 606 RHUS CORIARIA

    RHICNOʻSIS, PixvooiS, Cutis corruga'tio. Nat. Ord. Ericeæ . Ser. Syst. Decandria Mono
    Wrinkling of the skin from extenuation of the gynia. This plant has been recommended in
    body ; opposed to extcois , or distention from re- rheumatism, gout , and syphilis. In an over
    pletion. dose , it produces acro-narcotic symptoms.
    RHIGOS, Rigor . RHODOMELI , Mel rose .
    RHIN , Nasus. RHODON , Rosa centifolia. pla
    RHINALG'IA , from pır, ' the nose ,' and ai- RHODOSACCHARUM , Confectio rosæ gal
    gos, ‘ pain .' Pain in the nose. licæ . ‫ܐ‬
    RHINANCHONE, Snuffles. RHODOSTACTON , Mel rose.
    RHINANGIA , Snuffles. RHEA , Punica granatum.
    RHINENCEPHALIA , Cyclopia . RHCAS, Papaver rhæas .
    RHINEN'CHYSIS, Rhinenchy'sia , from piv, RHEUM , Rheum .
    ' the nose , ' and eyyuw , ' I pour in .' An infusion RHOGMOS, Rattle.
    or injection, made into the nostrils, with a sy. RHOITES, Qoirns, a wine impregnated with
    ringe called Rhinen 'chytes . the pomegranate; from poes , Pomegranates.
    RHINES , Nares . Dioscorides. A confection , made by boiling the
    RHINOCNES'MUS, from Qır, ' the nose,' juice of the pomegranate in honey.-Paulus of 92
    and xv.ouos, ' itching.' Itching of the nose . Ægina.
    RHINOPHONIA , from piv,the nose , ' and RHOMBOIDEUS, from poußos, " a rhom and
    porn , the voice.' A nasal voice , called , also, bus,' whose sides are equal, with two obtuse R
    Dysphoʻnia immodula'ta nasa'lis, Parapho'nia and two acute angles. Rhomboideus major and
    nasalis, Paraphonia res'onans, Na'sitas. Speak. minor, Rhomboï'des, Cervici-dorso-scapulaire. A
    ing through the nose. muscle , situate at the posterior inferior part of R
    RHINOPLASTIC, from piv , “ the nose ,' and the neck , and at the posterior part of the back.
    Thaooo , I form. ' An epithet applied to the It has a rhornboidal shape, and is attached, by
    operation for forming a new nose . The Talia- its inner edge, to the posterior cervical liga.
    cotian operation, so called, because described by ment, and to the spinous processes of the last lear
    Tagliacozzi . It consists in bringing down a cervical vertebra , and of the first four or five The
    portion of flesh from the forehead, and causing dorsal. By its outer edge, itis attached to the R
    it to adhere to the anterior part of the remains spinal or posterior edge of the scapula. It is
    of the nose . divided into two fasciculi, constituting the the
    RHINOP'TIA , from pur, ' the nose ,' and on. Rhomboideus major and minor, the latter being
    Touar, ' I see .' The act of seeing by the nose . situate higher than the other. This muscle
    A deformity , caused by a disease of the greater draws the scapula backwards and upwards ,
    angle of the eye or of the root of the nose and impresses upon it a rotary motion , which R
    making an opening in the parietes of the nasal brings its inferior angle nearer to the spine ; R
    fossæ , through which the luminous rays can and , consequently , depresses the anterior angle RE
    arrive atthe eye . and the shoulder.
    RHINORRÉAGIA , Epistaxis. R.
    RHOMBOS , 2011 Bos . A bandage , mentioned RI
    RHIPTASMOS, Jactation. by Galen, so called on account of its rhomboidal
    RHIS, Nasus. shape . R
    RHIZA , Radix . RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor - r.
    RHIZAGRA , Punch . Crepitans, Rôle crépitunt - s. Mucous, Râle crépi
    RHIZOPH'AGUS, from pita, ' a root,' and tant --sonor
    r. Sibilans, Râle crépitant - r. Sonorus ,
    payo , ' I eat.' One who lives on roots. Râle e.
    Cast
    RHIZOTOMIST . See Simples. RHOPALISMUS, Priapismus. und
    RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary . RHOPALOSIS , Plica, Pupil, Uvea. Ose
    RHOA , Punica granatum . RHUBARB , Rheum - r. Monk's , Rumex Al
    RHODELÆ'ON . Oil of roses , or oil im- pinus, Rumex patientia - r. Poor man's, Tha Job
    pregnated with roses . lictron - r. Rhapontic , Rheum rhaponticum - r.
    RHO'DIA, Rhodiola ro'sea , Rosea, Rosewort, Wild , Convolvulus panduratus.
    (F.) Rhodiole. Sex. Syst . Diæcia Octandria. RHUBARBE FAUSSE , Thalictron -- r . des
    The root, Roseroot , when dry , has a very plea- Pautres, Thalictron .
    sant smell, and is slightly astringent. It is RHUE , Ruta .
    not used . RHUMATISME, Rheumatism - r . Aigu , 0.j
    RHODIOLA ROSEA , Rhodia . Rheumatism ,acute - r. Chronique, Rheumatism ,
    RHODIOLE , Rhodia . chronic .
    Sur
    RHODI'TES VINUM . Wine in which roses RHUME DE CERVEAU, Coryza - 5. de
    have been macerated . Dest
    Poitrine, Catarrh .
    RHODIUM LIGNUM , Rhodium or Rose- RHUS CORIA'RIA , Sumach, Rhus Glabrum , A
    wood. The wood or root of a tree , supposed to Adu'rion, Elm -leaved Sumach. ' (F.) Sumac des
    be the Genis'ta Canarien'sis of Linnæus. ( F. ) Corroyeurs. Fumily, Terebinthaceæ . Ser. Syst.
    Bois de rose, Bois de Chypre. Family, Legu- Pentandria Monogynia. This is the only species A
    minosæ. Ser. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.- of the genus rhus that is innocent. Both the plog
    The essential oil is a perfume, and possesses leaves and berries have been used as astringents
    cordial and tonic virtues . Its smell is attractive and tonics.
    to fish , rats , &c. Rhus GLABRUM , Rh . coriaria. DE
    RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander. Ruus Rav'cANS, Rhus rernir , Poison vine, 12
    RHODODEN’DRON CHRYSANTHEMUM , ( America .) This plant is poisonous, ( see Pui
    are
    R. Chrysan'thum . The Olean’der, Rose Bay, sons, Table of,) and is extremely acrid, when
    Yellow rhododendron ,( F.) Rosage, R Chrysanthe. applied to the skin, producing erysipelas and R
    Jati
    RHYPOS 607 RISUS

    vesications , and has been used , like the next va- RICKETS , Rachitis.
    riety, in paralysis and other nervous affections. RIDE, Wrinkle .
    Rhus Sylvestris , Myrica gale . RIDING , (of Bones.) Ossium superposi' tio.
    Ruus ToxicoDEN'DRON, Toricoden'dron , Poi- (F.) Chevauchement. Displacement ofthe frag
    son oak ( America .) (F.) Sumac vénéneur. This ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the con
    plant has been used in paralytic affections and traction ofmuscles, which occasions shortening
    cutaneous eruptions. It is poisonous, like the of the limb; the fractured extremities riding
    last. Dose , gr . ss to gr. iv . over each other, instead of being end to end.
    Rhus Vernix , Rh , radicans. RIGID'ITY , Rigiditas. Great stiffness of
    RHYPOS , Sordes . fibre, or want of suppleness . The stiffness of
    RHYPTICA , Detergents .
    RHYPTICUS , Abstergent. the dead body, ( F.) Roideur cudavérique , is one
    RHYSIS , Flus. of the most certain signs of the cessation of
    life .
    RHYTHM , QV9110 $ , Measure. The order or RIGOR , Rhi'gos, Algor, Coldness, Cheim'ia.
    proportion, which reigns between the different (F.) Frisson . Sensation of cold, with involun
    parts of a whole. Applied , in medicine, to the tary shivering of the whole body ;-a symptom
    pulsations of the heart - to the pulse—to ex- of fever. A slighter degree , and at times full
    press the due proportion between one pulsation rigor, is occasionally termed a chill, frigus
    and those following it.
    tenue , perfrigera'tio.
    RHYTIDOSIS , Rutidosis. Rigor NERVOSUS, Tetanus.
    RIB , Costa . RIMA . A fissure, a cleft ; as Rima or Ri' .
    RIBS , NECK OF THE, Collum costarum . mula Glottidis, the opening of the glottis ,'
    RIBES NIGRUM , Cassis. The Black cur- (q . v.) Rima vulve, “ the opening of the vulva,'
    rant. (F.) Groseillier noir. Ser. Syst. Pen. (q . v.)
    tandria Monogynia . The berries have been re- RIMÆ , Rhagades.
    commended in sore throat, as diuretics. The RINÆUS , ,Compressor
    leaves have been advised for the same purpose. RINCHOS Rostrum . naris.
    They are chiefly used as preserves. RING, Sax . hring , ring , Germ . Ring ,
    Ribes Rubrum, Grossula'ria non spino'sa, the Cricos. ( F.) Anneau . A name given to na
    red currant. (F.) Groseillier rouge ; of which tural , circular, or roundish apertures, with
    the white is only a variety. It is cultivated, and muscular or aponeurotic parietes, which serve
    affords an agreeable fruit. It possesses the quali. for the passage of some yessel or canal ;-as
    ties of the subacid fruits in general , and makes the umbilical ring, inguinal ring ,&c.
    an excellent preserve.
    RICE , Oryza-r. Disease , Cholera. RINGWORM , Herpes circinatus- r. of the
    RICHARDSONIA . See Ipecacuanha . Scalp , Porrigo scutulata--r. Ulcerative, Herpes
    RICHWEED , Actæa racemosa. exedens .
    RICIN , Ricinus communis . RIRE OU RIS, Risus-r. Canin, Canine
    RICINOIDES , Jatropha curcas. laugh - r . Moqueur, Canine laugh — T. Sar.
    RICINUS COMMÜ’NIS . The Castor-oil donien , Risus sardonicus—r. Sardonique, Ca
    plant, Catapu'tia major, Ricinus vulga'ris, Palma nine laugh . Cassumuniar.
    Christi, Faba purgatrir , Cerua or Kerua, Cici . RISAGON,
    RISIGALLUM , Orpiment.
    (F.) Ricin . Fève purgatif Family,
    . Euphor RISING OF THE LIGHTS, Cynanche
    biaceæ . Sex. Syst. Monæcia Monadelphia . trachealis.
    Castor-oil seeds, whence the oil is obtained, are
    inodorous; taste acrid and slightly sweetish. Rising or ELEVATION OF THE Pulse. Pulsûs
    One or two seeds will act as acathartic; but elera'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be.
    the oil O'leum ricini, (F.) Huile de Ricin , is, exacerbation
    comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the
    alone , used . It is obtained by bruising the cas. of acute diseases.
    tor seeds, previously decorticated , and then ex- RISO'RIUS NOVUS. Santorini gives this
    pressing the oil without the application of heat. name to a portion of the platysma myoides,
    Recently drawn castor oil , Oleum de kerrâ, o. which passes from the cheek towards the com
    kerci'num , Alker'va , Oleum Ric'ini, 0. Cicinum , missure of the lips.
    0. Palma liquidum, is inodorous and nearly RISUS . Gelos, Laughing. (F. ) Rire ou Ris.
    insipid . It is cathartic, operating speedily,and An involuntary movementof the muscles of the
    may be used in all cases , where powerfully face, and of the lips in particular , accompanied
    stimulating_purgatives would be injurious. with a sonorous and interrupted respiration,
    Dose, gj to Ziss . and commonly indicating mirth and satisfac
    Hufeland recommends that a drop of the cro. tion.
    ton oil , (q . v . ) shall be added to an ounce of the Risus CANINUS , Canine laugh .
    Oil of Poppy, and that the mixture shall be Risus Sardon'icus, R. de Sardo'niâ, R. spas'.
    called Oleum Ricini officinale . ticus, Sardoniasis, Sardiasis, Tortura Oris, Dis
    A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is em- torsió Oris, Gelasmus. ( F.) Ris Sardonien , R.
    ployed by the inhabitants to increase the secre- Sardonique. A convulsive affection of the lips
    tion of milk . It is applied in the form of poul- and cheeks, which precedes and often accom
    tice, made with the green leaves, to the mam- panies general tetanus. It is said to have been
    mæ, or of a strong decoction, with which the so called from similar symptoms having been
    mammæ and the external parts of generation induced by a kind of ranunculus that grows in
    are washed . Sardinia .
    Ricinus Major , Jatropha curcas - r. Minor , Risus Sardonicus, Canine laugh-r . Spasti
    Jatropha manihot. cus, R. sardonicus .
    RIVER WEED 608 ROSMARINUS

    RIVER WEED , Conferya rivalis. Caniru'bus, Cani'nus Sentis, Cynocy'tisus, Cy


    RIZ, Oryza. nospas'tum , Cynos'batos, the Doy Rose, Wild
    ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. Brier, Hip Tree, ( F. ) Rose du chien, Eglantier
    ROB , Roob, Robub, Rohob, (F. ) Extrait des de chien , E. sauvage. The fruit of this variety,
    fruits. This word, of Arabic extraction , means called Heps or Hips, (q . v . ) has a sourish taste,
    the juice of any fruit thickened to the consis- and is formed into a conserve. See Confectio
    tence of honey by evaporation , before it has Cynosbati . It is seldom employed, except to
    fermented . give form to more active remedies ; as in pills,
    The juice of the grape , boiled to this con- boluses, linctuses , &c .
    sistence, was called Sapa ; and, when not quite Rosa CentiFO'LIA ; the Damask Rose , Rosa
    so thick , Defrutum . Damasce'nu, R. Pallida, ( F.) Rosier à cent
    ROB'Cřnos Batos, Confectio rosæ ca- feuilles, Rhodon, Rosa . The petals of this rose
    ninæ-r . ex Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucum , Dia- have an extremely fragrant odour, and subaci.
    caryon . dulous taste . They are laxative ; but are
    ROBIN'IA AMA'RA. Family, Leguminose . scarcely used for any purposes except for the
    Sex. Syst . Diadelphia Decandria . The roots of distillation of rose-water, and the formation of
    the Robinia amuru of Cochin China are bitter , a syrup .
    and have been recommended , especially in that Rosa DAMASCENA , R. centifolia .
    country, in diarrhea and dyspepsia. Rosa Gal'lica ; the Red Rose, Rosa rubra,
    Robinia PSEUDO -ACACIA, Locust Tree, native (F. ) Rosier de Provins. The petals of this va
    of America. The flowers are said to possess riety are astringent ; and are used in infusion ,
    antispasmodic properties. conserve , &c .
    ROBORANS, Corroborant. Rosa Pallida , R. centifolia - r. Rubra, R.
    ROBORANTIA , Tonics . Gallica-r. Saltans, Essera - r. Sylvestris, R.
    ROBUB, Rob . canina .
    ROCCELLA,Lichen roccella. ROSAGE, Rhododendron chrysanthemum .
    ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR THE ROSAGO, Nerium oleander.
    HOOPING -COUGH . An empirical prepara- ROSALIA, Scarlatina.
    tion, composed of ol. oliv. Zxvj,ol. succin. Zviij, ROSE , Erysipelas-r . Christmas , Helleborus
    ol.caryoph. q . s . to scent it strongly . niger - r. Damask , Rosa centifolia - . Dog,
    ROCHER. See Temporal bone. Rosa canina-r. Dog, Conserve or confection
    ROCHETTA ALEXANDRINA , Soda. of, Confectio rosæ canina - r . du chien , Rosa
    ROCKET,GARDEN, Brassica eruca-r. Ro- canina - r. Rash , Roseola — r. Red, Rosa Gal
    man , Brassica eruca . lica-r . White , Rosa alba.
    ROCOU , Terra Orleana. Roses , Milk oF. A cosmetic wash , formed,
    RODA'TIO , from ro'dere , ' to eat away . ' according to one method , of subcarbonate of
    Diminution of the hair in length . potass , gr. vj; oil of almonds, Zj ; essence of ber
    ROGMĒ, ρωγμή, the same as crypa, ' a rup- gamot,zij; aqua rosa , ziij ; orange flower water,
    ture .' A straight fracture of the skull. 3ij. Mix .
    ROGNE , Psora. ROSEA , Rhodia .
    ROHENA , BARK , Swietenia . ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea.
    ROHOB , Rob . ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus--r. Marsh, Statice
    ROLLER , Bandage, Fascia. limonium .
    ROMARIN , Rosmarinus — r. Sauvage, Ledum ROSENHEIM , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    sylvestre. R. is 34 miles S. E. from Münich in Bavaria.
    ROMPEURE , Hernia. The waters contain sulphuretted hydrogen ,car
    RONCE, Rubus idæus-r. Bleue , Rubus cæ- bonic acid , carbonate of lime, muriates of lime
    sius — . de Montagne, Rubus chamæmorus— . and magnesia, carbonate of soda , and oxide of
    Noire , Rubus fruticosus . iron . They are used as tonics.
    RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. ROSE'OLA , Eranthe'sis Roseola , Rose Rash .
    ROND, Round - r. Grund, Teres major - r. An efflorescence in blushing patches, gradually
    Petit, Teres minor. deepening to a rose -colour, mostly circular or
    RONFLEMENT, Snoring—r. de Diable, oval; often alternately fading and reviving :
    Bruit de Diable. sometimes, with a colourless nucleus ; and
    ROOB, Rob . chiefly on the cheeks, neck , or arms. It is fre .
    ROOF OF THE MOUTH , Palate. quently found, as a symptom , in dentition, dys
    ROOT, Radix - s. of Scarcity , Beta hybrida- pepsia, & c . , and is of no consequence. See
    r. Yellow , Zanthoriza apiifolia . Rubeola and Scarlatina.
    ROQUETTE , Brassica eruca , Soda. ROSEOLA , Rubeola.
    RORELLA , Drosera rotundifolia . ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum.
    RORIFERUS, Lymphatic . ROSEWORT, Rhodia .
    ROS CALABRINUS, Fraxinus ornus -- r . So- ROSIER BLANC, Rosa alba—. à Cent feu
    lis, Drosera rotundifolia. illes, R. centifolia - r. de Prorins, Rosa Gallica.
    ROSA , R , centifolia . ROSIN , BLACK , Colophonia-r. Brown ,
    Rosa Alba, The White Rose, (F.) Rosier Colophonia---r. White, see Pinus sylvestris - r.
    blanc. Family, Rosaceæ . Ser Syst. Icosandria Yellow , see Pinus sylvestris .
    Polygynia. The flowers of this species pos- ROSIO STOMAČHI, Cardialgia .
    sess similar but inferior qualities to the da. ROSMARI’NUS, R. officina'lis, Alchachil, R.
    mask . horten’sis, Libano'tis corona'ria, Dendrolib'anus.
    Rosa Cani'na ; R. Sylres'tris, Cynor'rhodon, Rosemary, (F.) Romarin. Family, Labiatæ.
    ROSSALIA 609 RUBRICA FABRILIS

    Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. The leaves spotted , redness on any part of the skin ; like
    and tops of this plant have a fragrant, grateful that which arises from blushing.
    smell ; and an aromatic, warm , bitterish taste , RUBEFA'CIENT, Erethisma, Rubefaciens,
    which is dependent upon an essential oil , com- from rubens, ' red ,' and fa'cio , ' I make.' ( F.)
    bined with camphor. Rubéfiunt. That which produces redness. A
    Rosemary has been recommended in nervous medicine, which causes redness of the skin .
    headaches , in the form of infusion. It is now The action is called Rubefaction .
    rarely used , except for its odour. The flower is RUBEFIANT, Rubefacient.
    called Anthos , avlos . Its oil - Oleum Rosmari. RUBEOLA, Rubeola vulga'ris, Roseola , Eran
    ni - is officinal. From two to six or ten drops thesis Rubeola, Velera'na , Blac'ciæ , Bovillæ , from
    are given in nervous complaints rubbed up ru'beo, ' I become red :' - Morbilli; M. variolo'si,
    wi suga
    th r. Scarlutina pustulo'sa , S. Milia'ris, the Measles ;
    RoSMARINUS Sylvestris, Ledum sylvestre. Febris morbillo'sa , Typhus Morbillosus, Phæni
    ROSSALIA , Scarlatina. cis'mus, ( F. ) Rougéole, Fièvre morbilleuse . One
    ROSSOLIO . See Spirit. of the major exanthemata; affecting individuals
    ROSTRUM , Rinchos, Ramphos, “ a beak ,' (F.) but once, and produced by specific contagion.
    Bec. (q. v.) A name given to several old for. The rash usually appears on the 4th , but some
    ceps, on account of their resemblance to the times on the 3d , 5th , or 6th day , of a febrile
    beaks of different birds . The principal were disorder ; and, after a continuance of four days ,
    the Rostrum corvinum , anati'num , psittaci'num , gradually declines with the fever. The disease
    vulturi'num
    lacerti'num
    , cygneum vel olori'num , gruinum, generally commences from 10 to 14 days after
    &c. the contagion has been received.
    ROSTRUM PORCINUM, Acromion . The eruption first shows itself in distinct,
    ROT, Eructation . red , and nearly circular spots; somewhat less
    ROT'ACISM , Rotacismus, ( F.) Grasseyement. than the ordinary areolæ of flea -bites. As these
    A vicious pronunciation of the Greek R , Rau , increase in number , they coalesce ; forming
    common in the northern parts of England; espe- small patches of an irregular figure, but ap
    cially near Newcastle . proaching nearest to that of semicircles or creg.
    ROTACISMUS , Grasseyement. cents . These patches are intermixed with
    ROTATOR, from rota , ' a wheel . ' A name single , circular dots, and with interstices of the
    given to several muscles, which turn the parts natural colour of the skin. On the face they
    to which they are attached upon their axis ; - are slightly raised , so as to give the sensation
    such as , the oblique muscles of the eye , the of inequality of surface to the finger passing
    pronators and supinators, &c. over the cuticle . The disappearance of the
    Rotator, Trochanter. eruption is followed by desquamation of the
    ROTULA , Patella , Trochiscos. cuticle .
    ROTULE , Patella. The measles is not dangerous of itself ; but
    ROTUNDUS, Round. it is apt to induce pneumonia in winter, and
    ROUCOU , Terra Orleana . dysentery in sumnier, which are at times, very
    ROUEN , MINERAL WATERS OF. This fatal. These are apt to come on at the time of,
    water, known under the name, Eau des fon- or soon after the disappearance of the eruption .
    taines de la Maréguerie, is cold , and contains When they supervene, they must be treated as
    carbonate of iron, carbonic acid , carbonate and idiopathic affections.
    muriate of lime, & c. It is tonic. Measles demands a general antiphlogistic
    ROUGE, Colcothar. treatment.
    ROUGE D'INGLETERRE , Colcothar . Willan has pointed out a kind of Rubeola
    ROUGÉOLE , Rubeola. spuria , which he calls Rubeola sine Catarrho.
    ROUILLÉ, Rubiginous. In this, the rash runs its regular course , with
    ROUND, Teres, Rotun'dus, ( F.) Rond . Ana- little fever or catarrhal affection ; affording no
    tomists have given this name to many organs, certain security against the common or regular
    whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi. disease .
    See Teres . Willan gives the name, Rubeola Nigra or
    FORAMEN ROTUN'DUM . A foramen of the Black Measles, to an unusual appearance of the
    sphenoid bone, a little behind the foramen lace measles about the 7th or 8th day, when the
    rum superius, which gives passage to the second rash becomes suddenly livid , with a mixture of
    branch of the 5th pair of nerves, called superior yellow. It is devoid of inconvenience or dan.
    marillary. ger ; and is removed in a week or ten days by
    The Round LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS, Liga. ihe mineral acids.
    menta rotunda Uteri, Cordons sus-pubiens (Ch .) RU'BIA , R. Tinctorum , Erythrod'anum , Ru
    Cordons vasculaires, (F.) Ligaments ronds de bia major, Radix rubra, Dyer's Mudder, Mad
    l'utérus. Two cords, which arise from the la- der , ( F. ) Garance. Family, Rubiaceæ . Sex .
    teral and superior parts of the uterus, whence Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The roots of this
    they proceed towards the abdominal rings, which plant have a bitterish, somewhat austere, taste ;
    they pass through, and terminate by vanishing and a slight, not agreeable, smell. They were
    in the cellular tissue of the groins , mons vene- formerly considered deobstruent, detergent,
    ris, and labia inajora . These cords are whitish , and diuretic.
    flattened , and narrower in the middle than at RUBIG%'INOUS, Rubiginosus, (F. ) Rouillé.
    the extremities. Their fibres , which are lon. Having the colour of rust. An epithet given
    gitudinal, areapparentlyalbugineous. to the sputa in certain cases of Pneumonia .
    RUBBER, INDIAN , Caoutchouc. RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax .
    RUBE'DO. A redness . A diffused ,but not RUBRI'CA FABRI'LIS. A red , heavy,
    77
    RUBRINE 610 RUTA

    earthy inatter, formerly employed for making Rumex Aquaticus, R. hydrolapathum .


    drying plasters. Hard Ruddle, Red Chalk . RUMEX HYDROLAP'ATHUM , Water -Dock, Hy
    RUBRICA Sinop'ic A. A heavy, compact, drolapathum , Rumex aquaticus, Herba Britann'
    reddish earth : formerly used in diarrhæa. ica, Lapathum aquaticum, (F.) Parelle, Patience
    RUBRINE, Hæmatine . d'enu. The leaves of this plant are subacid ,
    UBUS ARC'TICUS. The Shrubby Straw- and said to be laxative . The root has been
    berry, Bucca Norlandicæ. Family, Rosaceæ. used as a tonic, astringent, and antiscorbutic.
    Sex . Syst. Icosandria Polygynia . The fruit is It has also been employed externally, in some
    recommended by Linnæus, as possessing anti- cutaneous affections.
    septic , refrigerant, and antiscorbutic qualities. Rumex PATIENTIA ; -- Garden Patience , Rha
    Rubus CÆstus ; the Dewberry plant, ( F.) bar'barum monacho'rum , Hippolap'athun , Pa
    Ronce bleue . The fruit resembles the black- tientia , Monk's Rhubarb, (F.) Patience. This
    berry in appearance and properties. The bark root, which is supposed to possess the virtues of
    of the root of the R. Trivia'lis or American rhubarb , but in an inferior degree, according to
    Devberry is astringent. Linnæus, is obtained from the Ruinex patientia ;
    Rubus CHAMÆMO'rus ; the Cloudberry Tree, according to Murray, from the Rumex Alpi
    Chamemo'rus, Cloudberries, Knot'berries, (F.) nus.
    Ronce de Montagne. The ripe fruit is sometimes Rumex SANGUIN'eus. The root of the bloody
    prepared like a jam , and used in fevers, &c . , dock has an austere and astringent taste ; and
    to allay thirst. It has been much extolled as has been employed in dysentery . It is called ,
    an antiscorbutic . also, Lapathum sanguineum , ( F.) Oseille ou Pa
    Rubus Frutico'sus; the Common Bramble, tience rouge, Sangdragon.
    which affords Blackberries, ( F. ) Ronce noire . RUMEX SCUta'rus,French Sorrel, Acetosa ro
    The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of tundifo'lia , A. Roma'na, A. Rotundifolia horten'
    which they form a poor variety . The bark sis, Roman or Garden Sorrel, Green Sauce, ( F. )
    of the root of the Rubus villo'sus or American Oscille boucher, Oseille ronde, Petite 0. Virtues
    Blackberry is astringent, and has been used in the same as those of the common sorrel .
    the last stages of dysentery , and in cholera in . RUMINATION , Rumina'tio, Merycis'mus. A
    fantum . function peculiar to ruminating animals, by
    Rubus IDÆUS; Batos, Butos ; the Raspberry, which they chew thefood they have swallowed
    ( F. ) Framboise, Ronce. The fruit of the best a second time . An analogous phenomenon is
    varieties is extremely agree ; and is much sometimes seen in man.
    used. It was , formerly , called Batinon moron . RUMP, Croupion - r. Bone, Coccyx.
    Rubus Trivialis, see Rubus cæsius - r. Vil- RUNNET, Rennet.
    losus , see Rubus fruticosus . RUNNING , Cursus, ( F. ) Course. A succes
    RUCTATIO, Eructation. sion of leaps , executed with rapidity , to tran .
    RUCTUS, Eructation - r. Acidus,Oxyregmia. sport the body quickly from one place to another .
    RUDDLE, HARD , Rubrica fabrilis . RUNUNCULA, Raspatorium .
    RUE, Ruta - r. Common , Ruta—r. de Chèvre, RUPIA , Ulcus aton'icum . An eruption of
    Galega officinalis -- r. Goat's, Galega officinalis large flattish blebs, which contain a fluid, at
    -r. Goat's, Virginia , Galega Virginiana–r. first serous, afterwards puriform , and often
    des Murailles, Asplenium ruta muraria -- t. des bloody, which rapidly concretes into crusts, at
    Près, Thalictron-r. Sauvage , Ruta . the base of which are ulcers of variable depths.
    RÚFT , Eructation . It requires the use of tonics internally, and of
    RUGA, Wrinkle . stimulating ointments externally.
    RUGINE , Raspatorium . RUPTORIUM , Cauteriuin-r. Commune,
    RUGISSEMENT, Rugitus. Potassa fusa .
    RUGI'TUS, Brychethmos, Bovynuos, (F.) RUPTURA , Ecrexis, Hernia, Laceration
    Rugissement. A Latin word, which ordinarily r. Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the.
    expresses the roaring of the lion : and which RUPTURE, Hernia - r. of the Groin , Bubo
    is used , by some medical writers, to designate a nocele—7 . de la Matrice, Uterus, rupture of the
    particular species of borborygmuscompared to it. -r. Wort , Herniaria glabra.
    RUM , Tafia, Molas'ses Spirit. A spirit, dis- RUSCUS, R. aculea'tus, Bruscus, Orymyr
    tilled from sugar , or molasses. See Spirit. Thinē, Ozymyrsinë, Myrtacan'tha, Catan'gelos,
    RUMEN , Hypogastrium . Myacan'tha, Scopa regia, Wild Myrtie, Centro
    RUMEX ACETO'SA. The Common Sor- myrinē, Butcher's Broom , ( F. ) Petit hour,
    rel, Ox'alis Aceto'sa, Acetosa vulgaris, A. pra- Fragon. Family, Smilaceæ. Ser. Syst. Diæcia
    len'sis, Anatyris, A. arren'sis, Sorrel, Sour dock, Monadelphia. The root has been recommended
    Acetosa nostras , ( F.) Oseille. Family, Polygo- as an aperient and diuretic.
    neæ . Ser . Syst. Hexandria Trigynia. The Ruscus ACULEATUS, Ruscus.
    leaves are sour , and are used in cookery , and Ruscus HYPOGLOS'sum ; Ucula'ria , Hypo
    also as a refrigerant. glossum , Bislin 'gua , Bonifa'cia, Laurus Alexan
    Rumex Acu'tus ; Sharp -pointed Wild dock, dri'na angustifolia, ( F. ) Laurier Alexandrin.
    Oxylap'athum , Lap'athum , Rumer, Lapathos, Formerly used against relaxed uvula.
    (F.) Patience saurage. The decoction of the RUSH , SWEET, Juncus odoratus.
    root has been long used in cutaneous affections . RUSMA . See Orpiment.
    It is , sometimes, employed for the cure of the RUSPI'NI'STINCTURE FOR THE TEETH .
    itch .
    An empirical preparation, composed of Floren
    RUMEX ALPI'NUs. The systematic name of tine orris zviij, cloves, zj , rectified spirit bij,
    theplant, that affordsthe Monk's Rhubarb, (F.) ambergris 3j.
    Rhabarbe des Moines. See Rumex Patientia . RUTA , Ruta grav'eolens, R. horten'sis, Com
    RUTACEUM 611 SACCHARUM
    mon Rue, Pega'nium , Besa 'sa ,(F.) Rue, Rhue. | struction or atrophy of the eye. Corrugation
    Rue sauvage. Family, Rutaceæ . Sex. Syst. and subsidence of the cornea .
    Decandria Monogynia . The plant has a strong, RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou
    ungrateful odour, and bitter and pungent taste . Membrane Ruyschienne. According to Ruysch
    It is acrid , so asto blister the skin . Its proper and the greater part of his disciples, thechoroid
    ties are reputed to be tonic, stimulant, anti - coat of the eye is formed of twolaminæ . His son
    spasmodic, and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyschiana
    to Dij .
    The Oleum Rutæ or distilled Oil of Rue is MembTUNIC
    or The ra'naA Ruysc
    CELLU hia 'na seu
    LO'sa
    Ruysc
    Ruysc hii.a is the
    hia'r
    antispasmodic ; and, externally, rubefacient. cellular substance, under the peritoneal cover
    Dose, git . ij to vj . ing of the stoma . It is not numbered among
    Ruta CAPRARIA, Galega officinalis — r . Mura- the coats of that ch
    organ .
    ria , Asplenium ruta muraria. RYE, Secale — r. Horned , Ergot-r. Spurred,
    RUTA'CEUM , from Ruta, rue .' Vinegar Ergot.
    of rue . RYTIDOSIS , Rutidosis.
    RUTIDOʻSIS , Rytido'sis, Rhytido'sis. A de- RYTIS, Wrinkle.

    S
    1
    S. S. A. &c . See Abbreviations .
    SABADILLA , Veratrum sabadilla . melle t
    ; he Arun'do saccharif' era of Sloane. Fa
    SABADILLIN . See Veratrina. mily, Gramineæ. Sez. Syst. Triandria Digynia ,)
    SABBATIA ANGULARIS, Chironia angu- and also maple , & c.
    beet,those
    of the are
    True sugar s with which alcoholic
    laris .
    fermentation may be effected , by the addition of
    SABINA, Juniperus sabina. yeast and water. They are : i
    SABINE, Juniperus sabina.
    SAB'ULOUS , Sabulo'sus, Areno'sus, Psam- Species. Varieties .
    modes. The sandy deposit, often seen in urine. 1. Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet,
    SABUR'RA , Sordes. This word signifies, by chestnut, & c.
    derivation , coarse sand. In its common accep. 2 . Liquid sugar, sugar of malt, of the sweet
    tation , it means foulness of the stomach, as it is polato , molasses, honey , &c .
    sometimes called ; or vitiated matters supposed 3. Hard sugar of the grape , ripe fruits ,
    starch , diabetes , & c .
    to be retained and accumulated in the stomach 4. Hard sugar of the mushroom .
    --the result of imperfect digestion - and which fermentation
    have been sometimes considered as a morbid cannot
    Imperfect sugars effected
    arebethose by means
    in which of
    alcoholic
    product of the mucous secretion of that organ
    or of the biliary secretion ; at others , asa resi yeast and water.
    duum from alimentary substances, badly di . Species. Varieties .
    gested . The Saburral state , Collu'vies gas'- 1. Manna .
    frica, Crudita'tes ventric'uli, (F.) Embarras gas 2 . Sugar of milk .
    trique, is an accumulation of saburræ in the 34 .. Sugar of jelly or glue (gelatine.)
    stomach , which the Humourists considered to 5. Liquorice.
    Picromel
    be the cause of a number of diseases.
    SABURRA VERMINOSA, Helminthiasis . Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice
    SA BURRATIO , Arenatio. of the sugar-cane , boiled with the addition of
    SAC , Saccus, Secluso'rium. quicklime or common vegetable alkali. It is
    HERNIAI Sac, Saccus hernio'sus, ( F.) Sac used , in pharmacy , for the preparation of sy.
    herniaire. An envelope or pouch, formed by rups, conserves, lozenges, &c. It is very nutri
    the serous membrane of the cavity , whence tious, and is employed as an aliment, and as a
    a viscus has escaped . We distinguish, in a demulcent and antiseptic. Dissolved in small
    hernial sac, its orifice or the opening by which quantities in water, as in tea , it is apt to fer
    it communicates with the great cavity lined by ment with dyspeptics; an evil which does not
    the serous membrane : its corvix or neck, ( F.) always occur when the same substance is
    Collet, the narrow portion on the outside of the taken more largely.
    orifice , where strangulation sometimes occurs ; Muscovado, raw or brown or moist sugar , is
    the body , ( F. ) Corps, which is the round promi- the Saccharum non purifica'tum , S. rubrum , Mel
    nent part; and the fundys or bottom ,-- the part canne , or coarse sugar.
    opposite to the orifice. Saccharum acer 'num , s. Canaden'së, Maple
    SAC HERNIATRE, Hernial sac . Sugar, is often used as a demulcent.
    SAC'CHARUM . From the Arabic , or rather Sac'charum album, S. purifica'tum , White Su
    Sanscrit, Sa -kar, white earth ;' Suchar, Suc- gar, Refi'ned Sugar, Sal Indus, is the Loaf Sugar .
    char, Sutter, Zuchar, Zu'caro, As'sakur, Tigala, Double -refined Sugar has been called Tabarzet.
    Zac'charum , Zozar, Zu'charum , Zuchra , Sugar, Saccharum Can'didum , Sugar Candy, ( (F.)
    (F.) Sucre. The product of the juice of the Sucre Candi,) Alphenic , Nabot, is the crystal
    Saccharum officina'rum vel officinale of Lin- lized juice of the cane.
    næus, ( Calamus In 'dicus, Calamus Sacchari'. Barley Sugar, Penides, Saccharum horded'tum ,
    nus, Sugar Cane, (F.) Canne à Sucre, Canna- is a variety of sugar candy,
    SACCULUS 612 SACRO- ILIAC

    SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM , see Saccharum- branches, which are distributed to the pyrami
    s. Saturni , Plumbi superacetas. dalis , sacrum , &c.
    SACCULUS , ' a little sac .' This name has The SACRAL GROOVES , ( F.) Gouttières sa
    · been given to two sacs formed by the mem- crées. Two longitudinal excavations, but
    branous vestibule, which open ' into each slightly marked , at the posterior surface of the
    other, and contain the otolithes, and otoco- sacrum ; which appear to terminate the verte
    nies ; one of these is termed the sacculus resti- bral grooves or gutters.
    buli, the other sacculus. See Semicircular SACRÉ, Sacral.
    canals . SACRO- COCCYGEUS . Relating to the sa
    Sacculi Adiposi , Fatty vesicles—s. Laryn- crum and coccyx.
    The Sacro-Coccyg E'AL ARTICULA'TION is
    gæi, Ventricles of the larynx.
    Sac'culi Medicina'les are bags containing that of the lower extremity of the sacrum with
    medicinal substances . the superior facette of the coccyx . It is closed
    Sacculus, Marsupion - s. Cephalicus, Cucu- by two ligaments ;—an anterior and a posterior
    pha-s . Chylifer seu rorifer , Receptaculum sacro-coccygenl .
    chyli - s. Cordis, Pericardium-s. Ellipticus , SACRO- COSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis—s. Fé.
    see Semicircular canals — s. Sphericus, see Se moral, Glutæus major.
    micircular canals -- s. Vestibuli, see Semicircu- SACRO- COXAL'GIA, from sacrum , the
    lar canals . os sacrum ,' cora , ' the hip ,' and unyos, pain ;'
    SACCUS, Sac-s. Coli, Cæcum - s. Hernio- a hybrid term. Some authors have called thus,
    sus, Hernial sac - s . Lachrymalis, Lachrymal a rheumatic affection of the sacro-iliac sym
    sac- 8. Lacrumalis, Lachrymal sac-s. Lac. physis,
    teus , Receptaculum chyli — s. Venarum cava SACRO-IL’IAC, Sacro- Iliacus. That which
    rum , Sinus dexter cordis — s. Venarum pulmo- relates to the sacrumorand ilium .
    nalium , Sinus pulmonalis. The SACRO- ILJAC ILIO- SACRAL ARTICULA
    SACER, Sacral - s.Ignis, Herpes zoster-S. TION, SYM'Physis or SYNCHONDROSIS, is the
    Musculus, Transversalis dorsi . union of two surfaces ;-two inclined planes,
    SACK. A wine used by our ancestors. Vin broader above than below ; one, formed by
    sec. Probably Sherry. the sacrum ;-the other, by the ilium. Both
    SACRA FISTULĂ , Vertebral column . surfaces are incrusted by an articular cartilage.
    SACRAL , Sacer, ( F. ) Sacré. That which the bands , which strengthen them , are the
    belongs or relates to the sacrum. A name two sacro-sciatic ligaments, the sacro -spinal, a
    given to several parts. sacro - iliac ligament, and some irregular fibres.
    The SacraL NERVES, (F.) Nerfs sacrés, are The sacro-iliac ligament is a very thick assem .
    generally six in number. They arise from the blage of short, dense, irregular fibres, occu
    termination of the spinal marrow . The first, pying the space which the sacrum and ilium
    united with the great cord which descends leave between them , behind their articular sur.
    from the lumbar plexus, concurs with the three face . Some authors have termed some irregu
    others in the formation of the sacral or sciatic lar fibres, situate in front of the sacro -iliac
    plexus. The 3d and 4th , with branches of the articulation , anterior sacro - iliac ligaments, in
    great sympathetic ,form the hypogastric plexus. opposition to the preceding fasciæ , which they
    The fifth and 6th are distributed to the ischio. call posterior sacro - iliac.
    coccygeus muscle , and to the sphincter and SACRO - Ischiaticus , Sacro - sciatic-s. Lom
    levator ani . buire, Sacro -lumbalis .
    The Sacral or Sciatic Plexus , —the sacral Sacro-LUMBAR, Sacro-lumba'lis, Sacro-lom.
    portion of the crural plerus of Chaussier, con- baire . That which belongs to the sacrum and
    stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front loins.
    of the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, The SACRO- LUMBAʼLIS , or Sacro -lumba'ris
    two branches, called the pudic, ( F.) honteur, Muscle, Lombo-costo-trachélien, Sacro-costa'lis ,
    and the lesser sciatic. It' terminates in the Dorso -trache'lian portion of the Sacro-spinal of
    great sciatic nerve . Chaussier, ( F.) Sucro-lombaire, is seated at the
    The Sacral Ar’TERIES are distinguished posterior part of the trunk : is thick and trian
    into , I. The anterior or middle sacral, Median gular below ; flat and thin in the remainder,
    Artery of the Sacrum of Chaussier, which arises and terminates in a point at its upper extremi
    from the posterior part of the abdominal aorta , ty. It is attached to the posterior surface of
    in front of the 4th lumbar vertebra. It de- the sacrum ; to the corresponding portion of the
    scends, in a serpentine manner , upon the crista ilii ; to the extremities of the transverse
    sacro -vertebral articulation, and on the ante- processes of thelumbar vertebræ ; to the angles
    rior surface of the sacrum . It furnishes many of the 11 inferior ribs; to the tuberosity of the
    Jateral branches, which unite with the lateral first, and the posterior tubercle of the trans
    sacral arteries, and enter the anterior sacral verse processes of the last five cervical verte
    foramina, to be distributed to the membranes of bræ.
    the marrow , & c . 2. The lateral sacral arteries, The sacro-lumbalis straightens the vertebral
    which are two in number ; one on each side. column when bent forwards, and maintains it
    They arise from the hypogastric , from the ilio- straight. By means of its insertion into the
    lumbar, or from the gluteal ; and descend be- ribs, it can elevate or depress these bones, ac
    fore the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing cording as it contracts from above to below , or
    in an arched manner, towards the coccyx, with from below to above. It acts, consequently ,
    the middle sacral . sometimes as an inspiratory , at others, as an ex
    They give off external and posterior branches, piratory , muscle.
    which enter the sacral foramina ; and internal From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an
    SACRO -SCIATIC 613 SAGITTAL

    equal number of fleshy portions, which termi- nous processes of the vertebræ ; and , below , a
    nate at the inner side of this muscle, and are triangular notch , where the sacral canal termi
    called Mus'culi Accessori vel Additamen'tum nates. On each side of this surface are four
    ad Sacro -lumba'lem , (F. ) Accessoires du Sucro- foramina, called posterior sucral, which are
    lombaire. smaller than the anterior , and give passage to
    From the upper part of the sacro -lumbalis, a the posterior branches of the sacral nerves.
    fleshy slip, called Cervica'lis descen 'dens, Cervi . 3. The vertebral surface or base. Its greatest 1

    calis descendens Diemerbroeckii, Transversa'lis extent is transversely. It is articulated with


    collatera'lis colli, Accesso'rius ad Sacro-lumbalem , the last lumbar vertebra. On it we see the ori
    Transversaire grêle, runs up , to be fixed to the fice of the sacral canal, of a triangular shape,
    transverse processes of the 4th , 5th , and 6th which decreases in width from above down
    cervical vertebræ , by three distinct tendons. wards ; terminates the vertebral canal ; is lined 1
    These last parts, though separated by some by a prolongation of the cerebral mernbranes ;
    anatomists, belong to the sacro -lumbalis. contains the fasciculi of the sacral nerves ;
    SACRO -SCIATIC , Sacro.ischiaticus . That communicates, externally , by the sacral fora
    which belongs to the sacrum and ischium . mina ; and terminates at the triangular notch
    The Sacro- SCIATIC LIGAMENTS are two liga. on the posterior surface of the bone. At the
    ments, which assist in securing the sacro -iliac sides of the upper orifice of the sacral canal are
    articulation . The great or posterior sucro -sciatic two articular processes , which receive the arti
    ligament extends from the crista ilii and the sides cular processes of the last lumbar vertebra.
    of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of The projection, formed by the union of the
    the ischium. The less or anterior sacro - sciatic base of the sacrum with the last lumbar verte
    ligament arises from the same point, and termi- bra , is called the Promontory or greater Angle
    nates in the spine of the ischium . of the Sacrum , or Sacro- rertebral Angle.
    SACRO -SPINAL , Dorso -trachelian portion 4. A coccygeal face or apex, ( F.) Face coccy.
    of the sacro - lumbalis . gienne ou Sommet, which is very narrow , and
    SACRO- SPINA'LIS. That which relates to is articulated with the coccyx .
    the sacrum and spine . Under this name , Chaus. 5. Two lateral margins, which have , above,
    sier describes the sacro -lumbalis, longissimus a broad oblique surface, articulated with the
    dorsi , transversalis, transverso-spinalis ,and in- ilium .
    ter- transversalis. It divides it into three por- The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points
    tions. of ossification .
    SACRO - TROCHANTERIEN , Pyramidalis . SADDLE , TURKISH , Sella Turcica.
    SACRO - VERÄTEBRAL , Sacro -certebra'lis. SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorius .
    That which relates to the sacrum and the ver- SAFFRON , Crocus - s. Bastard , Carthamus
    tebre . tinctorius-- s. Flower, Carthamus tinctorius - S .
    The SACRO-VERTEBRAL ARTICULATION is the Meadow , Colchicum autumnale.
    junction of the last vertebra of the loins with SAFRAN BÅTARD, Carthamus tinctorius,
    the sacrum The angle which these two bones Colchicum autumnale-s. des Indes, Curcuma
    form at the anterior part has been called the longa-s . de Mars apéritif, Ferri subcarbonas
    Promontory of the Sacrum , or the Sacro - vertebral Colchicum
    s. de Murs autumnale
    astringent, -Colcothar — ş des Près,
    s. Racine de, Curcuma
    Angle .
    The SACRO -VERTEBRAL LIGAMENT is a strong longa.
    ligament , which passes from the anterior part of SAFRANUM , Cartbamus tinctorius.
    each of the transverse processes of the last SAFRE , Smalt.
    lumbar vertebra to be attached to the base of SAGA , Sago.
    the sacrum . Its use is to maintain the articula- SAGAPE'NUM , Sag'apin , Serapi'non . ( F. )
    tion of those two bones in sitů. Gomme séraphique. A gum -resin, supposed to
    SACRUM , Os sacrum , Os basildrē, Os Ala- be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sica . Family,
    gas, Albagiazi, Hieron osteon, from sacer, ' sa- Umbelliferæ. Ser . Syst. Pentandria Digynia. Its
    cred ,' because it contributes to protect the ge- odour is fetid and alliaceous; taste pungent, bit
    nital organs, which were considered sacred , or terish , nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated
    because it was offered in sacrifice . The bone , masses of a yellow colour ; tenacious ; breaking
    which forms the posterior part of the pelvis , with a horny fracture . It is a reputed antispas
    and is a continuation of the vertebral column. modic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to 3ss.
    The sacrum is symmetrical and triangular; SAGAPIN , Sagapenum .
    situate at the posterior part of the pelvis, and SAGE, Salvia-s . Indian, Eupatorium per
    concave anteriorly . It has, foliatum-s . Jerusalem, Pulmonaria.
    1. A pelvic or anterior surface, which corre- SAGE - FEMME, Midwife
    sponds to the pelvic cavity , and has four trans- SAGESSE DES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym
    verse furrows, that point out the parts where brium Sopbia.
    the primitive portions of the bone were sepa- SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda , subcarbonate of.
    rated from each other. On each side there are SAGITTAL, Sagitta'lis, from sagit'ta , 6 an
    four foramina, called anterior sacral ; these are arrow. '
    oblique , and decrease in size , from above down . The SAGITTAL SUTURE , Obelda suu'ra, 0.
    S. Rhabdoï'.
    wards. Through these pass the anterior branches Raphe, S. Virga'ta, Sutura juga'lis, two
    of the sacral nerves . des. The suture which unites the parietal
    2. A spinal or posterior surface,which is con- bones, and which extends, from before to be
    vex, rough , and covered by muscles. Upon the hind, on the median line, from the coronal su
    median line are four horizontal ; tubercular, ture to the lambdoidal. It is so called, from
    eminences, forming a continuation of the spi- sagitta , “ an arrow,' because it seems to meet
    SAGITTARIUM 614 SALINE
    the coronal suture as an arrow meets the string Cupram ammoniatum-s . Antimonii, Antimo .
    of a bow. nium tartarizatum - s. Ammoniacum , Ammoniæ
    The SAGITTAL FURROW or Groove, (F. ) murias—s. Asphaltites, Bit Noben - s. Catharti
    Gouttière sagittale, is a channel on the median cus amarus , Magnesiæ sulphas-s. Catharticus
    line of the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is Glauberi , Soda , sulphate of — s. Communis,
    excavated in the os frontis, in the two parietal Soda , muriate of- s. Cornu cervi volatile, Am
    and occipital bones, and extends from the crista moniæ carbonas-s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of
    galli to the internal occipital protuberance. It -s . Digestivus Sylvii, Potassæ murias — s. Diu
    lodges the longitudinal sinus, which has been reticus, Potassæ acetas- s. de duobus, Potassa
    called the sagittalsinus. sulphas - s. Ebsdamense , Magnesiæ sulphas
    SAGITTA’RIUM ALEXIPHAR'MACUM , s . Epsomensis, Magnesiæ sulphas—s. Essen
    Malac'ce Radix , Canna In 'dica ,Arundo In- tiale Benzoes, Benjamin -- s. Febrifugus of Le
    dica. A root, cultivated in the West Indies, mery, Potassæ supersulphas - s. Febrifugus
    and supposed to be a remedy for wounds by Sylvii, Potassæ murias- s. Fontium , Soda, mu
    poisoned arrows. riate of - s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate of - s. Fuliginis,
    SAGO , Sagus , Saga . A fecula, obtained Ammoniæ carbonas - s .Gemmæ , Soda, muriate
    from the pith of many kinds of palms growing of - s. Herbarum , Potassæ subcarbonas -- s. In
    in the Moluccas, Philippine Isles, & c., and dus, Saccharum album - s. Lucidum , Soda,mu
    which is brought to us in small grains. The riate of — s. Marinus, Soda , muriate of — s. Mar.
    same substance is, also, obtained from the tis , Ferri sulphas -- s. Martis muriaticum sub
    West Indies , but it is inferior to that from the limatum, Ferrum ammoniatum - s. Mirabilis
    East. Glauberi , Soda, sulphate of - s. Muriaticum
    By boiling in water or milk , sago becomes baroticum , Baryta, muriate of — s. Nitrum, Po
    soft and transparent, and forms an agreeable tassæ nitras - s . Ossium , Ammoniæ carbonas
    and nutritious food in febrile, calculous, and s. Panchrestum , Potassæ tartras - s. Petræ , Po
    other disorders . It is made palatable by sugar , tasse nitras - s. Tartarum , Potassæ subcarbonas
    lemon juice,or wine , where the last is not con- -s. Plumbi , Plumbi superacetas — s . Poly
    tra - indicated . chrestus, Potasse sulphas-8 . Polychrestus
    Sago, FRENCH, see Solanum tuberosum - s . Glaseri, Potassæ sulphas cum sulphure - s.
    Portland Island , see Arum maculatum . Polychrestum Seigneiti, Soda, tartrate of - s.
    SAGUE PETIT. See Solanum tuberosum . Prunellæ , Potassæ nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo
    SAGUS , Sago . mixtus-s. Rupellensis , Soda, tartrate of - s .
    SAHARA , insomnia. Sapientiæ , Alembroth salt, Potassa sulphas—s.
    SAIGNÉE , Blood-letting—s. Spoliative, Spo- Saturni,Plumbi superacetas - s. Scientiæ, Alem
    liativa phlebotomia. broth salt-s . Secretus Glauberi ,Ammoniæ sul
    SAIGNEMENT DU NEZ, Epistaxis. phas - s. Sedativus Hombergi, Boracic acid -s .
    SAILORS, Discuses, &c. of. Sailors, by na- Sedlicensis , Magnesiæ sulphas - s. Seignetti ,
    ture of their occupation , are liable to many Soda, tartrate of - s. Sennerti, Potassæ acetas
    diseases. Several of these may, however, be -s. Seydschutzense, Magnesiæ sulphias—s.
    warded off by proper attention to cleanliness Soda, Soda , subcarbonate of - s. Sodomenus,
    and ventilation . Bit Noben-s . Succini , Succinic acid-s. Tar
    SAIN BOIS, Daphne gnidium-s. dour, tari, Potassæ subcarbonas,see Potash — s.Tartari
    Adeps præparata . essentiale, Tartaric acid - s. Tartari sulphura
    ST. CHARLES'S ROOT, Carlo sancto (Ra- tum , Potassæ sulphas— s. Vegetabilis, Potassa
    dix .) tartras - s. Vitæ , Alembroth salt - s . Vitrioli ,
    ST. JOHN'S WORT, Hypericum perfolia- Zinci sulphas -- s. Vitrioli narcoticum , Boracic
    tum . acid - s. Volatile , Ammoniæ carbonas, Spiritus
    SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jacobæa. ammoniæ aromaticus - s. Volatile Benzoes, Ben
    SAINTMYON , MINERAL WATERS OF . jamin -- s. Volatile boracis, Boracic acid-s .
    Some cold , acidulous waters at Saint Myon , Volatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritus ammoniæ
    near Riom , in the department of Puy -de Dôme. aromaticus — s. Volatile succini, Succinic acid
    They contain free carbonic acid , subcarbonate -s. Volatilis salis ammoniaci,Ammoniæ carbo
    and muriate of soda , and carbonate and sul- nas-s. Vomitorium vitrioli , Zinci sulphas.
    phate of lime . SALACITAS, Satyriasis - s. Vulvæ , Nym
    SAIRE , Essera . phomania.
    SAL , Salt-s . Absinthii , Potassæ subcarbonas, SALAD , CORN , Valeriana dentata .
    see Potash - s. Acetosellæ , Potass, oxalate of - SALER'NUM, SCHOOL OF. An ancient
    $. Acetosus ammoniacalis, Liquor ammoniæ school of Medicine at Salerno in Italy . It was
    acetatis — s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin - s. Als established by Charlemagne, in 802; and was
    bus , Soda, muriate of— s . Alkali, Soda, subcar- the first Christian university at which Medicine
    bonate of — s. Alkalinus fixus fossilis, Soda-s. was taught. It was much celebrated, especially
    Amarum , Magnesiæ sulphas—s . Ammoniac, in the 12th century. The work on Hygiène,
    volatile, Ammoniæ carbonas- s . Ammoniacum , “ De Conservandâ Valetudine," which bears its
    Ammoniæ murias-s. Ammoniacum martiale, name, has passed through several editions in
    Ferrum ammoniatum — s. Ammoniacum secre- various languages. It is supposed to have been
    tum Glauberi , Ammoniæ sulphag — s. Ammonia- written by John of Milan, in 1100 , and is in Leo
    cum tartareum , Ammoniæ tartras - s .Ammonia- nine verses.
    cum vegetabile, Liquor ammoniæ acetatis - s. SALICARIA , Lythrum salicaria.
    Ammoniacus nitrosus, Ammoniæ nitras – s .Am . SALICINE . See Salix .
    moniæ, Ammoniæ murias—s. Anglicanum , Mag- SALICORNIA ARABIA , & c . See Soda:
    nesiæ sulphas-s . Antiepilepticus of'Weissman , SALINE, Sali'nus, Salina'cius, Sulinacidus.
    SALIS 615 SALT

    That which contains a salt, or has the properties flow of saliva produced by the sight, smell, or
    of a salt. thought of agreeable food, is a species of ptya
    SALINE DRAUGHT, or Mixture. This may be lism , as well as the Ptyalismus acutus mellitus ,
    made as follows:—Potass. carbon. 3j , acid. Apocenosis ptyalis'musmellitus,or Sweet spittle.
    citric. vel tartar. gr. xv, vel succ. limon recent.In this, the saliva has a sweet or mucilaginous
    Zss, aquæ Z viij,syrup. cujusvis 3j. M. Given in taste.
    divided doses as a febrifuge. SALIX . The Willou , Itea, (F. ) Saule. A
    The SALINE EFFERVESCING Draught or genus of plants in the Linnæan system .
    Mixture is made by adding a due proportion of The Salir frag''ilis or Crack willow ; Ph . D.
    either of the acids above-mentioned, or of lemon Salir alba or White willow ; Ph. D. Salir latifo'.
    juice to the proper proportion of the carbonate lia or Broad-leaved willow. Salir ca 'prea or
    of soda or potassa ; about 25 grains of the acid Great round - leaved willow ; Ph . L. Salir pentan '.
    saturate, 30 grains of the carbonate. See Pow. dria . Salix vituli'na. Salix eryoceph'ala, ( Ph.
    ders , Soda . Americ.)
    SALIS AMMONIACI FLORES, Ammoniæ The bark of each of these has a slightly aro
    carbonas. matic odour, and a bitter and astringent taste ,
    SALIUNCA , Valeriana Celtica. which is nearly the same in all the species. It is
    SALIVA, Si'alon, Si'elon , Pty'alon , Pty elon, tonic and astringent, and has been used in in
    pittle. An inodorous, insipid , transparent, termittents , and in cases of dyspepsia, worms,
    slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the parotid, &c . The active principle has been separated,
    submaxillary, and sublingual glands, and poured and called Sal'icine. It is like the quinine in
    into the mouth by the ducts of Steno , Wharton , medicinal efficacy . Dose , aj to 3 of the pow
    and Rivinus; the use of which is to mix with der. Dose of Salicine from 4 to 6 grains.
    the alimentary bolus,and to serve in the process Salix ÆGYPTIACA, Calaf.
    of digestion . It is composed , according to Ber- SALMIAC , Ammoniæ murias.
    zelius, of 992.2 parts of water , 2.9 of a par- SALPINGEMPHRAX'IS,from oahtlys, the
    ticular animal matter , soluble in water , and in . Eustachian tube ,' and fuqpašis, obstruction . '
    soluble in alcohol, of 1.4 of mucus , of 1.7 of Obstruction of the Eustachian tube ;-a cause
    muriates of potassa and soda, 0.9 of lactate of of deafness.
    soda and animal matter, and 0.2 of soda . SALPIN'GO-CYE'SIS, Paracyesis tuba'ria,
    SALIVÆ FLUXUS CIBO VISO . See Graviditas tubaria, from oalitiys, a tube or
    Salivation . trumpet,' and rurais,' pregnancy . ' Tubal preg.
    SALIVAIRE, Salivary . nancy .-- See Pregnancy.
    SALIVANS , Sialagogue . SÄLPINGO-MALLÉEN, Tensor tympani
    SAL'IVARY, Saliva'rius, from salita. That s. Staphylinus internus, Levator palati.
    which belongs to the saliva. SALPINGO -PHARYNGÆUS, from oul.
    The Salivary Glands or secreting organs of mys, ' a trumpet,' and qapurs , the pharynx .'
    the sulira, or salival glands, are situate sym- Valsalva and Douglas have given this name to
    metrically, to the number of three, on each side a bundle of fibres,which passes from the Eus
    of the face ; and behind and under the lower tachian tube to the pharynx.
    jaw. Their form is very irregular, and their SALPINX , Tuba.
    extent varies according to individuals. Their SALSAFI, Tragopogon .
    excretory ducts - Ductus salira'rii, ( F.) Canaux SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM, Omotarichos.
    ou Conduits salivaires, carry the saliva di- SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA , Sarsapa
    rectly into the mouth , withoutpouring it into rilla Germanica .
    any intermediate reservoir , as happens in the SALSEDO MUCRUM , Potassæ nitras .
    case of some of the other glands. The salivary SALSEPAREILLE , Smilax sarsaparilla -s.
    glands have been distinguished into,-1 . The d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
    parotid ; 2. The submaxillary ; 3. The sublin . SALSILAGO , Muria .
    gual . SALSOʻLA KALI, Prickly Saltwort, Kali
    SALIVARY FISTULA , Sialosyrin'ges, are such spinosum cochlea'tum ,Tragus sive Tragum Mat
    as depend upon an accidental opening into the chi'oli. This plant, as well as the Sulsola sati'
    excretory ducts of the salivary glands . Such va , and the Salsola soda , produces the alkaline
    fistulæ are, most commonly , met with in the salt, commonly called Barilla, Soda, or Kelp.
    duct of Steno. SALSOLA SATIVA , & c . See Soda .
    SALIVA'TION . Saliva'tio, Salica'tio cal'ida , SALSUGINOSUS, Halmyrodes.
    Epiph'ora ptyalis'mus, Sialisma, Sialis'mus, Si- SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, (F. ) Sel. A name
    alachus, Sielismos, Ply'alism , Fluxus sulive . formerly given to a considerable number of
    ( F. ) Flur de bouche, Ftur salivaire. A super- substances of very different nature . At pre
    abundant secretion of saliva ; occasioned either sent, chymists apply the term , Salls, exclu
    locally by the use of irritating masticatories, or sively to the combinations of an acid with one
    under the infuence of some cause which acts or more bases. Neutral salts are those , in which
    on the whole economy, and especially by mer- the acid and base reciprocally saturate each
    curial preparations. In this last case,it is ac.other. Acid salts or supersalis, (F.) Sur-sels,
    companied by a coppery taste in the mouth , by are those , in which the acid predominates over
    swelling of the gums, and, sometimes , by loose- the base. Alkuline salts or subsalts, ( F. ) Sous
    ness of the teeth. Salivation may usually be sels, those in which the base is , on the con.
    diminished by the use of astringents , laxatives , trary, predominant.
    &c . The different denominations of the salts are
    The Ptyalismus acu'tus sympathet'icus, Saliva compounded, 1. of the nameof the acid ; the
    fluxus cibo viso, or Mouth watering, the increased termination of which is changed into ite, when
    SALTANS 616 SAN GIULIANO

    the name of the acid is in ous ;—ate, when it is SALVIA , S. officina'lis, S. horten'sis, Elelis'.
    in ic. Thus the salts formed by the sulphurous phacos, (F.) Sauge, Thé de France. Family,
    acid are sulphites: those by the sulphuric, sul- Labiatæ. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Sage
    phates. 2. This name is followed up by that has a peculiar, aromatic odour, and a warm,
    of the oxyd , that enters into the composition of aromatic, bitterish taste . Its virtues depend
    the salt. Thus, the sulphate of prototyd of iron upon an essential oil . It is tonic, stimulant,
    is a combination of sulphuric acid with the and carminative. In the form of a weak in.
    protoxyd of that metal. Frequently , to shorten fusion , it is occasionally used as a diluent, and
    the name , the word ozyd is suppressed ; and as a wash for sore mouth . Dose, gr. xv. to xxx
    proto , deuto , Irito, & c . put before the acid : or more .
    --- as prolosulphate of iron. Simple salts are SALVIA HORTENSIS, Salvia-s . Officinalis,
    those resulting from the combination of an Salvia .
    acid with a single base: double salts, with two SALVIA SCLAʼREA , Sclarea , Gallitrichum ,
    different bases : triple, with three , &c . JEthiopis, Biser'mas, Colus Jovis, Common
    3
    When salt is used in an abstract sense, it Clary, (F.) Orcale ou Toute-bonne. The leaves
    means the muriate of soda . have been recomiended as corroborants and
    SALT , APERIENT, or FREDERICK, Soda , sul- antispasmodics.
    phate of- s .Baker's , Ammoniæ carbonas-s. of The Salvia HORMI'NUM , or Horminum , ( F.)
    Barilla, Soda, snbcarbonate of - s. Bay, Soda, Sauge hormin, of the Pharmacopæias,is used in
    muriate of - s. Bitter purging, Magnesiæ sul similar cases.
    phas— . Common, Soda,muriate of- s . Epsom , Salvia VITÆ , Asplenium ruta muraria.
    Magnesiæ sulphas-- s. Glauber's, Soda, sul- SAMBU'CUS , Sambucus nigra, S. vulga'ris,
    phate of - s. Glauber's, Lymington , see Soda, S. arborea , Ade , Infelix lignum ; the Elder ,(F. )
    sulphate of — s. Rochelle , Soda, tartrate of - s. Sureau commun. Family, Caprifoliaceæ . Sez.
    Rock , Soda, muriate of — s. Sea, Soda , muriate Syst. Pentandria Digynia. (The fower and
    of - s. Seignette's , Soda, tartrate of - s. Smel. bark were formerly called Cano'pum .) The
    ling , Ammoniæ carbonas -s. of Soda, Soda , fowers, berries, and bark of the elder have been
    subcarbonate of - s. Sorethroat , Potasse nitras used in medicine. The flowers have been re
    fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus - s. of Tartar , puted diaphoretic and discutient: the berries ,
    Potassæ tartras,see Potash - s. Tasteless purg- aperient and sudorific : the bark , purgative, and,
    ing, Soda , phosphate of - s. of Urine, ‘ Am in small doses , deobstruent .
    moniæ carbonas -- s. White, Soda , muriate of The flowers are sometimes used in fomenta
    -s. of Woodsoot, Ammoniæ carbonas--s. of tions , and to form a cooling ointment.
    Wormwood , see Potash-s . Secondary , Neutral SAMBUCUS ARBOREA , Sambucus - s. Cha.
    salt. mæacte , S. ebulus .
    SALTANS ROSA , Urticaria . SAMBUCUS EB’ulus, Ebulus, Chanaac'tē,
    SALTATIO , Dancing — s. Sancti Viti,Chorea. Od'ocos, Sambucus Chamæac'te seu Helion , Sam
    SALTPETRE , Potassæ nitras . bucus hu'milis,S. herba'cea , Dwarf.elder, Dane
    SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali. wort , ( F. ) Hièble. The root,interior bark , leaves,
    SALUBRIS , Salutary . flowers, berries, ( Baccæ seu Grana Actes, ) and
    SALU'BRITY , Salu'britus, Any thing which seeds have all been given in moderate doses as
    contributes to the health of individuals or of resolvents and deobstruents ; and in large doses,
    communities. Situations differ materially from ashydragogues.
    each other in this respect ; and the cause of The berries of the Sambucus Cannden'sis,
    the difference is often an interesting topic of are made officinal in the American Pharma
    inquiry. copæia .
    SALUTARY, Peries'ticos, Salutaris, Salu- SAMBUCUS Helion, Sambucus ebulus-s.
    bris, Hygiei'nos, from salus, health .'' That Herbacea , S. ebulus- s . Humilis , S. ebulus — s .
    which is favourable to health. Some diseases Nigra, Sambucus — s. Vulgaris , Sambucus.
    have been considered salutary , but this is ŠAMI TERRA, Samian Earth . An argilla
    doubtful. ceous earth , found in the island of Samos , and
    SALVATEL'LA, ' from servare, ' to pre- to which were ascribed virtues similar to those
    serve or save . ' of the Terra Lemnii. - Galen, Dioscorides .
    The VENA SALVATEL'LA is situate on the SAMIUS LAPIS . A stone found in the Isle
    back of the hand, near its inner margin . It of Samos, which the ancients believed to be
    begins on the posterior surface of the fingers astringent and refrigerant.
    and dorsal surface of the hand , by a plexus, SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum .
    formed of a number of radicles, frequently SAMPSUCHUS , Thymus mastichina.
    anastomosing with each other ; it then ascende SAMPSUCUS , Origanum majorana.
    to the inner part of the forearm , where it takes SAMPSYCH'INON , Sampsu'chinum . An
    the name - posterior cubital . ointment composed of the gauyuyor; which
    The ancients recommended this vein to be was perhaps the marjoram .—Dioscorid .
    opened in certain diseases , as in melancholic SANABILIS, Curable.
    and hypochondriacal affections ; and they at- SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum .
    tributed to such abstraction of blood considera- SANATIO , Curation, Cure .
    ble efficacy in the cure of disease : hence its SANATIVE, Curative .
    name , SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS
    SALVE , BLISTERING ,Unguentum Lyttæ OF. At the foot of the mountain San Giuli
    -s. Eye , Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri-s. ano, a league and a half from Pisa, are
    Eye , Singleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitri- several mineral springs ; temperature froin 840
    co- oxydi-s. Healing, Cerale of calainine. to 107° Fahr .
    SANDARAC 617 SAPHENA !

    The spring Pozzetto contains carbonic acid , SANIDO'DES , Saniodes, resembling a


    sulphate of soda,
    of soda and lime,; and
    magnesia magnesia;
    carbonates muriates
    of lime and board
    ados, ,' from oavs, ."genOne
    resemblance . garidos, and
    ' a board,'
    whose thorax is nar
    magnesia ; argil and silica .--- Santi. row , and, as it were, contracted.
    SAN'DARAC, Sandara'cha, Gum Juniper, SANIE , Sanies .
    Gum Sandarach , Pounce, Gummi Juniperi, SANIES , Ichor, ( q. v .) Tabum , Virus, Pus
    Sandara'ca, Vernic sicca, Resi'na Juniperi. A malignum , P. corrosi'vum . (F.) Sanie. A thin ,
    name given , by the Arabs, to an odorous resin , serous fluid, presenting some of the qualities of
    that flows from the Thuya aphylla. Family, pus and blood , and commonly exhaled at the
    Coniferæ . Sex. Syst. Monacia Monadelphia. It is surface of ulcers .
    stimulant, like all the resins , but very little used . SANIODES, Sanidodes.
    SANDÁRACHA GRÆCORUM , Realgar. SANITAIRE ( F.) That which relates to the
    SAND AS'TROS, Garamati'tes. Ancient health — as Etablissement sanitaire ; Police sani
    name of a precious stone , spotted with yellow , laire.
    which the ancients ranked amongst the cordials SAN'ITAS, Hygiei'a, Valetu'do, Hygeïa,
    and antidotes. Health . (F.) Santé. Health has been defined,
    SANDERS , RED , Pterocarpus santalinus . -a state , in which all the functions are exerted
    SANDIVER , See Vitrum . with regularity and harmony. A person may,
    SANG , Blood - s.Arteriel, Arterial blood-8. however, be in health, although certain func
    Dragon, Rumex sanguineus -- s. Dragon, see tions are not performed. A blind man, for ex
    Calamus rotang-s. Globules du , Globules of ample, has health when all his functions, ex
    the blood - 3 . Perte de, Hæmorrhagia. cept sight, proceed with regularity.
    SANGLOT, Sob . SANITAS, Cure .
    SANGSUE , Hirudo. SANKIRA , Smilax China.
    SANGUIDUCTUS DURÆ MATRIS , Si- SANTAL, Santalum album .
    nuses of the dura mater. SAN’TALUM ALBUM, S. cit'rinum, S. pal
    SANGUIFICATIO , Hæmatosis . lidum , Yellow Saunders , Sirium myrtifolium ,
    SANGUIFLUXUS, Hæmorrhagia — s. Ute ( F. ) Sanlal. Set. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.
    rinus, Melrorrhagia . The virtues of the wood of the white saunders
    SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum reside in a volatile oil and resinous principle.
    aviculare . The odour is fragrant, and resembles a mixture
    SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS, Blood- of ambergris and roses. It has been used as a
    root, Puccoon, Indian Paint, Turmeric. Nat. stimulant and sudorific , but is not now em
    Ord. Papaveraceæ. Ser. Syst. Polyandria Mo- ployed. The Saunders woods are called (in F.)
    nogynia . A North American plant, the root and collectively, Suntaut.
    seeds of which are used in medicine . They are SANTALUM RUBRUM , Pterocarpus santali.
    emetic. Dose , of the powder, 8 to 20 grains. nus.
    They are said to reduce the velocity of the pulse, SANTÉ, Sanitas.
    like the digitalis. SANTONICUM , Artemisia santonicum .
    SANGUINEA , Potasse nitras . SANTORI'NI , FISSURES OF, ( F.) Inci
    SANGUINIS MISSIO , Blood-letting -- s. Pro- sures ou Scissures de Santorini. Some clefts
    fluvium copiosum , Hæmorrhagia . at the upper and back part of the fibro-cartila
    SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'tus. That ginous portion of the external ear.
    which is tinged with blood . An epithet ap- SANTORINI, TU'BERCLES OF . Small , cartila
    plied ,particularly , to the sputa when so tinged . ginous projections at the top of the arytenoid
    SANGUIPURGIUM . Purgation of the cartilages, which support the ligaments of the
    blood. A name , given by some authors to glottis .
    mild fevers ; from an idea that they purged the SANVE, Sinapis.
    blood of noxious matters. SAPA . See Řob.
    SANGUIS , Blood -- s. Draconis, see Calamus SAPHA'DA . Paracelsus has given this name
    rotang--s. Hirci siccatus , see Blood. to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some
    SANGUISOR'BA OFFICINA'LIS . The eruptions of the hairy scalp.
    Italian Pim'pinel, Pimpinella Italica. ( F. ) SAPHE'NA, from oaons , manifest,' evi
    Pimprenelle noire. It was, formerly, used as an dent.' A name given to two subcutaneous
    astringent and tonic, in hæmorrhages, dysentery , veins of the lowerlimb. These are :
    &c. 1. The Great SAPHENA Vein , or Saphena
    SANGUISUGA , Hirudo . interna, Tibio-malleolar, (Ch .) Its radicles oc
    SANGUISU'GUM. A barbarous term , to cupy the inner part of the great toe , and form
    denote too great an accumulation of bļood in a transverse arch on the back of the foot, which
    the heart.-- Bonetus. unites with the saphena externa, and receives
    SANICLE , Sanicula—s. American, Heuche- at its convex part, which is turned forwards, a
    ra Cortusa -- s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vulgaris. number of branches coming from the toes.
    SANICULA , S. Europa'a, Cuculla'ta, Dode. These radicles, when united, ascend before the
    ca'theon, Sym'phytum petrdum , Sanicula mas, inner ankle, and form a trunk, the size of which
    Diapen 'sia cortu'sa , San'icle, (F' .) Toute-saine. is farther increased by several branches that
    Family ,Umbelliferæ .Sex. Syst.Pentandria Digy: proceed from the region of the tarsus and that
    nia. This herb was, formerly, used as a mild of the metatarsus. This trunk ascends verti
    astringent. It is bitterish, and somewhataustere. cally at the inner part of the leg ; passes behind
    SANICULA , Saxifraga granula — s. Eboracensis, the inner condyle of the femur; proceeds along
    Pinguicola vulgaris — s. Europæa, Sanicula-s. the inner part of the thigh ; receives other sub
    Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris. cutaneous veins, such as the abdominal subcu .
    78
    SAPIDITY 618 SARCOCELE

    taneous, the external pudic , &c., and passes Struthium , Lana'ria, Lychnis sylvestris, Ibiz'.
    through the inferior opening of the crural canal uma. ( F.) Saponaire. Family, Caryophylleæ .
    to empty itself into the femoral vein . Ser. Syst. Decandria Digynia. A decoction
    2. The LESSER VENA SAPHENA , or Saphena of the leaves of this plant has been recom
    externa ; the Péroneo-malleolar Vein of Chaus- mended in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis, cuta
    sier commences by several roots, which are neous eruptions, jaundice, visceralobstructions,
    spread over the dorsum and outer side of the & c. It is hardly ever used .
    foot, and embrace the outer ankle. Bebind SAPONARIÆ NuculÆ , Sapindus sa ponaria .
    this , they unite , into a single trunk, which SAPO'NEA . A pectoral medicine , prepared
    ascends obliquely,approaching the tendo Achil- with sweetened syrup of violets and oil of
    lis, and proceeds vertically towards the ham to sweet almonds.
    open into the popliteal vein . SAPON'ULES , Sapon'ula, ( F. ) Saronules.
    SAPIDITY, Sapor. The quality of bodies Combinations of volatile or essential oils with
    that gives them taste . different bases .
    SÄPIN COMMUN , Pinus picea . Acid Sapon'ULES , are conıbinations of such
    SAPIN'DUS SAPONA'RİA . ( F.) Savon- oils with different acids .
    nier commun . The name of the plant that af- SAPOR , Sapidity, Savour.
    fords the Soap nuts , Sapona'riæ Nu'culæ, Bacce SAPO’TA , Acrus Sapota , Oval-fruited Supota,
    Bermuden'ses, Soap -berries. A spherical fruit ( F.) Sapolier, Sapotillier. Sex. Syst. Hexandria
    about the size of a cherry, the cortical part of Digynia. A tree which grows in the Antilles,
    which is yellow, glossy, and so transparent as and particularly at Saint Domingo. Its fruit is
    to show the spherical, black nut that rattles much esteemed . It resembles the marmalade
    within , and includes a white kernel. The cor- of quinces ; and hence has been called natural
    tical part of this fruit, which has similar effects marmalade. The seeds make an emulsion ,
    with soap in washing, has been recommended which has been given in nephritic affections.
    in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and deob. The bark has been recommended as a febrifuge.
    struent . SAPOTIER , Sapota.
    SAPO , Soap, Smegma. ( F.) Saron . A pro- SAPOTILLIER , Sapota .
    duct obtained by treating fatty bodies with SAPROPYRA , Typhus gravior.
    caustic alkalies dissolved in water. SAPROS, Putrid , Rancid .
    SAPO AMMONIACALIS , Linimenlum ammoniæ SAPROS'TOMUS, from Ounpos, ' foul, of a
    fortius - s. Ammoniæ oleaceus, Linimentum bad odour,' and otopa ,'mouth .' One who bas
    ammoniæ fortius — s. Calcarius , Linimentum an offensive breath .
    aquæ calcis - s. Kalicus, S. mollis -- s. Niger , s. SAR'APUS, Sarapous. One who has a large
    mollis — s . Vegetabilis, Pulvis gummosus alka- foot; whose toes are largely separated , or whose
    linus — s. Viridis, S. mollis. feet are much asunder in walking ; from oatow ,
    Medic" INAL SOAP, Sapo amygdalinus, (F.) ' I grin ,' and rovs, the foot.' See Kyllosis .
    Savon médicinal, is made with oil of sweet ŠARATOʻGA , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    almonds and half its weight of caustic alkali. The Saratoga springs in New York are ten
    COMMON or SoFT SOAP, Sapo mollis , S. viridis, miles north -east from Ballston. They contain
    S. niger, S. ka'licus, (F.) Savon mou , Sadon noir, the same ingredients as those of the latter
    made of potass and oil or tallow . place ; and are much frequented by visiters
    Spanish or CASTILE SOAP, Sapo durus, (F. ) from every part of the United States. The
    Sadon dur, of olive oil and soda. following analysis has been given of the cor
    Black Soap, Melanosmegma, is a composition gress spring :: In a wine gallon -- gascous con
    of train -oil and an alkali : and GREEN SOAP , of tents : carbonic acid , 311 cubic inches ; atmo
    hemp, linseed , or rape oil with an alkali. spheric air, 7 - solid contents. Chloride of so
    YELLOW Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, dium , gr. 385; hydriodate of soda, gr. 3.5 ;
    and alkali . The Castile soap, being made of bicarbonate of soda , gr. 8.982 ; bicarbonate of
    fine olive oil , is generally used internally . The magnesia, 95.788 ; carbonate of lime, 98.098 ;
    yellow and soft soaps are the most stimulating; carbonate of iron, 5.075 ; silica, 1.5 ; hydrio.
    and are, consequently, best adapted for par- bromate of potassa, a trace . Total gr. 597.943
    ticular cutaneous eruptions. -Steel.
    An Acid Soap is a combination of a fixed SARCION , Caruncle .
    oil with an acid . SARCITES, Anasarca --- s . Flatuosus, Em
    Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic ; physema.
    externally, it is detergent and stimulant. Soapy ŠARCOCEʻLE, Hernia carno'sa, Scirrhus
    water is used with the greatest success, in cases Testic'uli, from oaps , .flesh ,' and xran , a tu
    of poisoning by acids. It is mostly applied ex- mour ;' Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hernie charnue.
    Scirrhus or cancer ofparticularly
    ternally to bruises and sprains. In Pharmacy , affects disease
    the testicle. Thisappears
    it is used to favour the solution of resins. the adults ; and ,
    SOAP OF THE Cocoa
    S. cacaotinus.
    NorOil, Sapo cocoʻneus, most commonly , after an inflammatory swell
    ( F.) Savon de cacoa. It has ing of the testicle . Sometimes it is dependent
    been much used in Germany in herpetic affec . upon a blow ; at others , it makes its appearance
    tions. without any appreciable cause .
    LIQUID SOAP , Lotio sapond cea ,is a cosmetic It is well known by a hard , heavy, ovoid or
    which is composed of olive oil živ, ol. tartari spherical swelling of the testicle, which is , at
    per deliquium Zss. Rub together, and add aqua first, slightly, or not at all, painful, and merely
    rosarum Zxij . causes an unpleasant traction on the spermatic
    SAPONAIRE, Saponaria. cord. There is no heat or change of colour of
    SAPONARIA . Soap -wort, Bruise-wort, the skin : the spermatic cord is swollen , and
    SARCOCOLLA 619 SATYRIASIS

    participates in the affection : very painful shoot- SARRASIN , Polygonum fagopyrum .


    ings occur: the lymphatic glands of the abdo. SARRIÈTE, Satureia Hortensis - s. de Crèle,
    men become swollen ,and form a tumour, which Satureia capitata,
    may , at times, be felt through the abdomen ; SARSA , Smilax sarsaparilla.
    and the patient, at length , dies with every sign SARSAPARILLA , Smilax S.-s. False , Ara
    of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis is lia nudicaulis.
    very unfavourable. The only means, indeed , SARSAPARIL'LA GERMAN'ICA , Gramen major,
    that
    ticle .
    can save life is the extirpation of the tes . G. rubrum , Salsaparilla Germanica , Carex
    Arena'ria , ( F.) Luiche, L. des Sables, Salsepa
    SARCOCOL'LA, (F.) Colle-chair, from ouos , reille d'Allemagne. Family, Cyperoideæ . Ser.
    ' flesh,' and xodhu, glue.' A resinous matter, Syst. Monecia Triandria. A plant, which grows
    obtained from the Penæa Sarcocolla, an African plentifully on the sea-coasts of Europe. It has
    shrub , which has been so called , from a belief been recommended in some mucous affections
    that it facilitates the consolidation of flesh . It of the trachea, in rheumatism , gout, &c .
    is in the form of small , oblong, semitransparent SARTOʻRIUS , from Sartor ,' a tailor ,' because
    globules; of a yellowish or reddish blue, and used in crossing the legs. Sutoʻrius, Longis'simus
    smells like aniseed. It was once employed as Fem'oris, Ilio-cresti-tibial, Fascia'lis, Ilio- préti
    an astringent and detergent. bial, (Ch.) A muscle, situate at the anterior
    SARCO -EPIPLOCEʼLE , from oavs , ' flesh ,' part of the thigh. It is long, small, and flattened ,
    En hoov,“ the epiploon ,' and xnan, ‫ܨ 'ܐ‬a tumour.' and extends, obliquely, from the anterior and su
    Epiplocele , complicated with sarcoma or sar- perior spine of the ilium to the superior and in
    cocele. ner part of the tibia . This muscle can , also,
    SARCO- EPIPLOM'PHALUS ; from oans, bend the pelvis on the thigh, and conversely.
    flesh ,' erindoor, ' the epiploon , and ou pahos, SARX , Flesh, Pulp.
    • the navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed by scir- SARZA , Smilax sarsaparilla .
    rhous epiploon or complicated with sarcoma. SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras - 8. Swamp,
    SARCO -HYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele. Magnolia glauca.
    SARCODES, Carneous. SATELLITE , Satelles. That which guards:
    SARCOLOGIA , Myology. - that which is placed near.
    SARCOL/OGY, Sarcolo' gia ,from gags, flesh ,' SATELLITE VEIns are those that accompany
    and ioyos, ' a discourse .' The part of anatomy the arteries.
    which treats of the soft parts. It comprises SATHE , Penis.
    myology, angiology , neurology, and splanchno. SATIETAS, Plesmone .
    logy. SATI'ETY, Satietas, Satu'ritas, Plethos, Ples
    SARCOʻMA, Emphyma Sarcoma, Sarcoma- mone. Disgust for food ; commonly produced
    tous tumour, Sarco'sis, Porrus, Sarcophyia, Ec- by repletion .
    sarco'ma , Ersarco'ma, Tumor car'neus, Ercres. SATIN , Lunaria rediviva.
    ccn'tia carno'sa. Any species of excrescence SATIRÍASIS FURENS, Satyriasis.
    having a fleshy consistence. SATURATION , Satura'tio, from salis,
    The Common Vascular or ORGANIZED SAR- enough .' That state of a compound in which
    COMA of Abernethy,Emphy'ma Sarcoma Vascu- its elements are combined in such proportions
    lo'sum , is vascular throughout : texture simple : that a fresh quantity of either cannot be added
    when bulky, mapped on the surface with arbo- without producing excess.
    rescent veins. Found over the body and limbs SATUREIA HORTEN'SIS, Satureia, S.
    generally. sati'da, Cuni'la sativa Plinii, Thymbra, Summer
    Sarcoma Cercosis, see Cercosis—s. Epulis, Sa'vory, (F.) Sarrièle. Family, Labiatæ . Sez.
    Epulis-s. Mastoid, Mammary sarcoma - s. Me. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. An aroma
    dullare, see Encephaloid-s . Medullary, Hæma- tic plant, cultivated for culinary purposes. It
    todes fungus - s. Pulpy, Hæmatodes fungus, has been used, as an excitant, in anorexia , ana
    s . Scroti , Sarcocele. phrodisia, & c .
    SARCOM'PHALUS , from dags , flesh ,' and SATURÉIA CAPITA'TA , Ciliated Sa'vory, Thy
    us sylves'tris, Thymus Creticus, Cu
    ou Palos, ' the navel.' A scirrhous or fleshy tu- mus, ThymSurriète
    mour , developed at the navel . nila, (F.) de Crète . Possesses similar
    SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorus, Catheretic. properties to thyme.
    SARCOPHYTA , Excrescence , Sarcoma . SATURELA SATIVA , S. hortensis.
    SARCOPTE , Acarus. SATURITAS , Satiety.
    SARCOPTES SCABIEI. See Psora. SATURNI DULCEDO,Plumbi superacetas.
    SARCOPYO'DES, from oaos, flesh , rvor, SATURNUS, Plumbum.
    pus,' and eidos , resemblance .' Having the SATYRI'ASÍS , from Earupos, 'a Satyr ;' be
    appearance of pus mixed with flesh. An epi: cause the Satyrs are said to have been greatly
    thet, given to certain excreted matters, and addicted to venery, Satyrias'mus, Priapismus,
    particularly to the sputa of those labouring Salac''itus, Brachu'na, Aras'con , Satiri'asis fu
    under consumption. rens, Lagne'sis Salac''itas, Lagnesis furor mas
    SARCOSIS, σαρκωσις . The formation of culi'nus, Tenti'go deretri. An irresistible desire,
    flesh . Also, Sarcoma, (q. v . ) in man , to have frequent connexion with fe
    SARCOSTOSIS , Osteo- sarcoma, males, accompanied with the power of doing
    SARCOTICUS , Incarnans. so without exhaustion. The causes are com
    SARDIASIS , Canine laugh, Risus sardonicus.monly obscure. Sometimes, the abuse of aphro
    SARDONIASIS , Canine laugh, Risus sardo- disiacs has occasioned it.
    nicus. The principal symptoms are :-almost con
    SARE , Essera . stant erection ; irresistible and almost insatiable
    SATYRION 620 SCALENUS

    desire forvenery; frequentnocturnalpollutions. | lée. Recommended as diuretic and lithontrip


    Cold lotions ; the cold bath ; a mild diet; active tic ; but not used .
    exercise , &c ., are the only means that can be SAXU'RAGE , BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga
    adopted for its removal. s. Granulée , Saxifraga granulata - s. Meadow ,
    SATYRION , Orchis mascula . Peucedanum silaus—s. White, Saxifraga gra
    SAUCE- ALONE , Alliaria. nulata .
    SAUCE , GREEN , Rumex scutatus. SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic.
    SAUER KRAUT, (G.) ' Sour Cabbage,' (F.) SAXONICUS PULVIS. A powder, pre
    Chou -croute. A culinary preparation,made with pared with the roots of the wild and cultivated
    chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state angelica; the Asclepias vincetoxicum , & c . It
    of acetous fermentation . It is reputed by the was considered , formerly , as an antidote. Pharm . 1
    Germans to be salubrious, easy of digestion, and Aug.
    eminently antiscorbutic . SCAB , from Sca'bies. An incrustation, which
    SAUGE , Salvia-s. des Bois , Teucrium scor- forms upon a sore , owing to the concretion of
    dium - s. Hormin, Salvia horminum - s. de Jetu- the fluid discharged from it. An eschar, (q. v . )
    salem , Pulmonaria . SCABBY OR SCABBED ; covered or diseased
    SAULE, Salix . with scabs .
    SAUMURE, Muria . SCABIES , Psora-- s. Capitis, Porrigo lupi.
    SAUNDERS TREE , Pterocarpus santalinus nosa, Porrigo scutulata-s . Capitis favosa, Por
    -8. Yellow , Santalum album. rigo favosa — 9. Sicca , Psoriasis - 8. Venerea
    SAURA , Lizard . contagiosa , Scherlievo.
    SAUVE -VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria. SCABIEUSE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa.
    SAVEUR, Savour. SCABIOʻSA , S. Arden'sis, Field Scabious, ( F .)
    SAVINE , Juniperus sabina. Scabieuse ordinaire. Family, Dipsaceæ . Sez.
    SAVINIER, Juniperus sabina. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The plant is
    SAVON, Sapo- s. Ammoniacal, Linimentum bitter and subastringent; and was formerly used
    ammoniæ fortius — s. Cacao, Sapo coconeus-s. in the cure of leprous affections and diseased
    Calcaire, Linimentuin aquæ calcis - s . Dur , lungs.
    Sapo durus — s. Médicinal, Sapo medicinalis- s. SCABIOSA Arvensis, Scabiosa - s. Carduifolia ,
    Mou , Sapo mollis — . Noir, Sapo mollis. Echinops.
    SAVONNIER COMMUN ,Sapindus saponaria . The SCABIOSA Succi'sa, Succisa, Morsus
    SAVONULUS, Saponulus. Diab'oli, ( F.) Mors du Diable, has similar pro
    SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata-s. perties.
    Summer, Satureia hortensis . SCABIOUS, Erigeron Philadelphicum - s.
    SAVOUR , Sapor, Taste, ( F.) Sateur. Qua- Field, Scabiosa.
    lity of bodies, by which they act upon the SCABISH , Cnothera biennis.
    sense of taste . The taste is not the same in all SCALA , ' A ladder. A machine, formerly
    sapid bodies. It may be sweet, bitter, metallic , used for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
    & c. Chymists, at times, avail themselves of The SCALE OF THE Cochlea, (F. ) Rampes
    this quality of bodies to analyze an unknown ou Echelles du Limaçon - called, also, Canals
    substance . and Gyri - are the cavities in the cochlea, sepa
    SAVOUREUX, Savoury . rated from each other by the spiral septum ,
    SA'VOURY , Sup'idus, (F.) Savoureur. An The one-Scala exter'na, S. Tym'pani-- would
    epithet given to bodies that have taste ; and par- communicate with the cavitas tympani by the
    ticularly to those that excite a very agreeable fenestra rotunda, were it not for the membrane
    impression on the organ of taste . that closes it. The other - Scala inter'na , s.
    SAW , Prion, Serra, (Dan .) Sawe, (Bax.) restit'uli--opens into the cavity of the vestibule .
    raga, (F.) Scie. A surgical instrument, made The scalæ cominunicate with each other by an
    like a common saw ; and used for sawing the opening at the top of the partition .
    bones in amputations , or for removing exos- SCALA TYMPANI, see Cochlea --s . Vestibuli ,
    toses , & e . see Cochlea.
    Saws, of different sizes and shapes, are used SCALE , Squama, Lepis, (F.) Écaille. An
    in surgery . The crown of the trepan is no . opaque and thickened lainina of cuticle ; com
    thing more than a species of circular saw . monly produced by some degree of inflamma
    Saw , HEY's. An instrument used by Mr. tion of the true skin , over which it is formed .
    Hey, of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium . It SQUAMÆ or SCALY DISEASES,Lepido'ses, form
    consists of a long handle, to which a small saw the second order in Willan and Bateman's sys
    with a convex,or straight edge is attached and tem of cutaneous diseases .
    by which a piece of bone of any shape may be Scale, Dry, Psoriasis .
    removed, whilst with the trephine it must al SCALÈNE ANTÉRIEUR, Scalenus anticus
    ways be circular,
    SAXIFRAGA ANGLICA , Peucedanum si--s. Postérieur, Scalenus posticus.
    laus. SCALE’NUS ;' irregular or unequal.? Geo
    Saxif'RAGA Crassifo'lsa. Family, Sasi. meters employ this word to designate a triangle
    frageæ . Ser. Syst. Decandria Digynia. The whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists
    root of this species of Saxifrage has been ex- have given the name to two muscles .
    tolled by Pallas, as preeminently antiseptie. 1. The SCALENUS Anti'cus, Portion of the
    SAXIFRAGA Rubra, Spiræa' filipendula - s. Coslo-trachelian (Ch .,) (F.). Scalène antérieur,
    Vulgaris , Peucedanum silaus. is situate at the lateral and inferior parts of the
    SAXIFRAGA GRANULA'TA , S. alba, Sanic'ula , neck. It is long and triangular ; and is insert
    Sedum , White Sarifraye, (F. ) Sarifrage granu led , below , at the upper surface of the first rib ;
    SCALL 621 SCAPULA

    and , above , at the anterior tubercle of the trans- tion or cavity of the external ear, between the
    verse processes of the 3d , 4th, 5th , and 6th cer- helix and anthelix . Also, the name of a ban
    vical vertebræ . This muscle bends the neck , dage for the head , inentioned by Galen, and
    and draws it to its side . It can , also , raise the called, likewise , Tholus Diocleus .
    first rib . SCAPHIA , Nates.
    The Scalenus Posti'cus, Portion of theCosto. SCAPHION , Cranium , Papaver (capsule.).
    trachelian (Ch .,) is situate behind the last. ( F.) SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RĒ, Pelvis Ocula'ris,
    Scalène postérieur. It is, also, long andtrian. Eyeglass. (F.) Bassin oculaire, Gondole ocu
    gular ; but more bulky than the S. anticus. It laire. A small porcelain , glass,or metallic ves
    is attached , below , to the outer surface of the sel, used for applying lotions to the eye.
    two first ribs ; and terminates, above , at the SCAPHO -CARPO - SUPER - PHALANGEUS
    summit of the transverse processes of the six POLLICIS, Abductor pollicis brevis.
    last vertebræ of the neck. This muscle bends SCAPHOID , Scaphoïdes, from ozamn , ca

    the neck laterally, and can elevate the two first skiff,' and eidos, form.' A name given to seve
    ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and Som - ral parts.
    mering, have described five scaleni muscles on 1. Os SCAPHOIDES Manus , Os navicula'rē,
    each side, and have called them , Scalenus prior, Boat-like bone. ( F.) Scaphoide de la main . The
    S.min'imus, S. latera'lis, S. medius, S. posti'cus. first bone of the first row of the carpus. The
    Riolan and Chaussier only describe one scale. upper surface is convex , and articulated with
    nus muscle on each side . Cowper and Doug. the radius . The under and outer surfaces are
    las, and the generality of English anatomists, also convex ,-to be articulated with the trape
    admit three , S. anti'cus, me' dius, and posti'cus ; zium and trapezoides. Between the upper and
    or Primus, asecun'dus, and ter'tius ;-Winslow, under cartilaginous surfaces, there is a rough
    Boyer, and many of the French anatomists,- fossa for the insertion of the capsular ligament.
    two , as above described. The anterior and inner surface has an oval
    SCALL, DRY, Psoriasis -- s. Milky, Porrigo cavity, where it is articulated with the os mag
    larvalis — s. Honeycomb , Porrigo favosa - 8. num , which gives name to the bone . There is
    Running, Impetigo. a process, on the outer end of the bone, for the
    SCALLED HEAD , Porrigo scutulata. attachment of part of the anterior transverse
    SCALP. Teut. Schelpe, ' a shell.' The ligament of the wrist.
    integuments covering the head . The hairy 2. Os SCAPHOIDES PEDIS , Os naricula'rē,
    scalp, iscalled, also, Capillitium , Tricho'ton . Boat-like bone. (F.) Scaphoide du Pied. This
    SCAL'PEL, Scalpel'lum , Culier, Inciso'rium , bone is situate at the forepart of the astragalus
    Smi'leon ; from scalpo, • I rasp , I cut. ' A cut- and inner part of the foot. The posterior sur
    ting instrument, formed of a blade of well-tem face forms a cavity , somewhat like that of a
    pered steel, very sharp, of variable shape and boat , for receiving the head of the astragalus.
    size, and fixed solidly in a handle. Its use is There is a prominence at the inner side of the
    to divide the soft parts in operations, dissection, bone , for the insertion of tendons, muscles, and
    &c . strong ligaments. The forepart of the bone is
    SCALPELLUS , Bistouri. convex, and divided into three articular sur
    SCALPRUM, Raspatorium - s. Rasorium , faces for articulation with the ossa cuneiformia.
    Raspatorium astragalus,
    Between the os naviculare and the

    SCAMMONEE D'ALEP,Convolvulus scam- tions;although


    monia .
    each of the other joints of the
    tarsus contributes a little . Part of the tibialis
    SCAMMONIUM SYRIACUM, Convolvulus posticus is inserted into it.
    scammonia . Fossa SCAPHOIDES , ( F.) Enfoncement Sca
    SCAMMONY, Convolvulus scammonia - s. phoide. A small cavity at the upper part of the
    of Montpellier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum . internal ala of the pterygoid process, in which
    SCAMNON HIPPOCRATIS , Bathron . internus is attached .
    the peristaphylinus
    SCAMNUM HIPPOC'RATIS, Bathron Hip- SCAPHOIDE DE LA MAIN , Os scaphoides
    pocrati'on of Galen, ( F.) Banc d'Hippocrate. A manuss. du Pied , Os scaphoides pedis.Scaphoï
    machine invented by Hippocrates for reducing SCAPHOIDO - ASTRAGALAN ,
    fractures. It was a sort of bed , six feet long ; do-astragala 'nus. That which relates to the
    on which the patient was fixed. Straps were scaphoid bone and astragalus. The articula .
    attached above and below the fracture or luxa- tion of these bones is so called ; and the liga
    tion , and the extension and counter-extension ment, which strengthens it, is termed the Sca
    were effected by a winch . It is described in phoido -astragalan ligament.
    Galen , Oribasius, Scultetus , &e . SCAPHOIDO- CỦBOID, Scaphoido-cuboida '.
    SCÁNDIX CEREFOLIUM , Cerefolium , us. That which relates to the scaphoid and
    Daucus Seprin'ius, Chærophyllum , Cherefo'. cuboid bones. The articulation of those bones
    lium, Chervil. (F.) Cerfeuil. Family , Umbelli. is so called .
    feræ . Sez . Syst . Pentandria Digynia . A culinary SCAPHULA , Navicularis fossa.
    herb, which is slightly aromatic and grateful. SCAPULA, Scap'ulum , Plala , Omoplu'ta,
    It is said to be gently aperient and diuretic . Homoplata, Scop'tula , Epino'tion ; the Blude-bone,
    SCANDIX ODORA'TA; the Sweet Cicely. Pro- the Shoulder-blade, (F.) Omoplate. An irregu
    perties the same as the other. lar , broad , flat bone, of a triangular shape, situ
    SCANDIX ODORATA, Chærophyllum odora- ate at the posterior part of the shoulder. It has,
    tum . 1. A posterior or dorsal surface, or Dorsum ; di
    SCAPHA , Oxaon , " a skiff or cock -boat ;' vided transversely into two parts , by a triangı .
    from ozantw, ' I make hollow .' The excava- lar process, called Spine of the Scapula ; which
    SCAPULAR 622 SCARLATINA

    terminates by a considerable eminence, called there are : 1. A very strong, conoidal capsular
    Acromion. Above the spine , is the Fossu su ligament; passing from the circunference of
    pra-spinata ; below it, the F.'infra-spinata. 2. the glenoid cavity around the neck of the
    An anterior or costal surface, or Venter ; form- humerus. 2. A fibro -cartilaginous ring, called
    ing the Fossa subscapularis. 3. A superior or the glenoid ligament, and a synovial cap
    cervical edge , which is thin , and terminates, sule .
    anteriorly , by a strong, curved apophysis, call: SCAPULO-HUMERAL, Teres major -- s. Hu
    ed the coracoid process. 4. A posterior or ver- méro-olecranien , Triceps extensor cubiti - s.
    tebral edge, called , also, the base, 5. An outer Hyoidien , Omohyoideus- s. Radial, Biceps
    or arillary or inferior edge, having a thick, flexor cubiti --- s. Trochitérien , grand. Infra.
    truncated angle , in which is the glenoid cavity. spinatus.
    With this is articulated the head of the hume. SCAPUS, Penis .
    rus. The glenoid cavity is separated from the SCARABAOLUS HÆMISPHÆRICUS,
    body of thebone by a narrower part, called the Coccus cacti.
    cervix or neck . The edges or margins are , also, SCAR'BOROUGH , MINERAL WATERS
    called Costa . OF. Scarborough Spa. A celebrated English
    The scapula has three angles-an inferior, chalybeate, at Scarborough , in Yorkshire . One
    . superior, and anterior. of the springs is a simple, carbonated chaly.
    SCAPULA , Humerus. beate, like that of Tunbridge : the other has an
    SCAP'ULAR , Scapula'ris, from scapula ,' the admixture of purging salt. Scarborough, having
    shoulder-blade. Thatwhich relates or belongs the additional advantage of sea- bathing,is much
    to the scapula : Scapulary. frequented by invalids.
    1. SCAPULAR APONEURO'Sis. A broad , thin , SCARIFIČA'TION , Scarifica'tio, Am'yche,
    a poneurosis , with decussating fibres ; which is ( Galen ,) Amyg'mos, Amyr'is, Schasis, Cata
    altached, above , to the spine of the scapula ; chas'mos, Catachas'mus, Encharut'is, from oru
    below , to a crest between the teres major and liqevell, to cut.' A small incision made into
    infra -spinalus ; within, to the spinal edge of the the skin with a lancet , bistoury, or scarificator,
    scapula ; and which, at its middle , unites with for different therapeutical purposes : as to draw
    ihe ihin aponeurosis, that covers a part of the blood, or to discharge some effused fluid .
    external surface of the deltoid . When the scarifications are very superficial,
    2. The Scapular ARTERIES. These are and do not go farther than the skin , they are
    sever termed , by French , Mouchetures.
    a. The Superior scapular , Superficial scapular SCARIFICA'TOR, Scarificato'rium . An in
    of Sömmering, Dorsa'lis scapula superior,Trans. strument for making scarifications. It consists
    versa'lis scapule, T. Hu'meri. This arises from of a small brass box , of a cubical shape ; in
    the subclavian ; and often from the inferior which 10 or 12 lancet points turn upon a com
    thyroid , or from a trunk common to it and the mon pivot. By means of a spring, all these
    posterior scapular or transverse scapular or cer- blades can be made to issue at once, and make
    rical. It passes behind the clavicle , above the as many scarifications.
    superior edge of the scapula, and buries itself SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca
    between the dorsal surface of that bone and the scariola .
    muscles inserted into it. SCARIOLE, Cichorium endivia,
    b. The inferior scapulary or common scapu. SCARLATI'NA , from scarlatto, ( 1.) ' a deep
    lary, or internal scapular or subscapular artery, red. Enanthe'sis Rosa'lia, Rosa'lia, Rossa'kia,
    A.Thorac'ica axilla'ris vel ala'ris, is of con- | Morbilli ignei, Morbus scarlatino'sus, Febris
    siderable size. It arises from the inferior part scarlatino'sa, Gutturis morbus epidemi'cus Fo
    of the axillary artery , behind the brachial plexus resti, Purpura, Typhus scarlati'nus, Febris
    -gives off several branches to the armpit, and rubra, Rash-fever, ( F.) Fièvre rouge. The cha
    divides into two branches :-the one , Scupula'- racteristic symptoms of scarlatina are :-a scar .
    ris interna, and the smaller of the two, is dis. let flush , appearing about the second day of
    tributed, almost entirely , to the serratus major fever, on the face, neck , and fauces; and pro
    anticus, and latissimus dorsi ; the other, the gressively spreading over the body ; termi.
    larger of the two, the Dorsa'lis Scap'ulæ infe- nating about the 7th day. Two great varieties
    riur vel Circumflex'a Scapularis,which distri- may be reckoned ;-the S. simplez, S. febris, S.
    butes its branches to the subscapular and supra- benig'na, in which the fever is moderate and
    spinal, and infra -spinalregions. terminates with the efflorescence ; and prostra
    3. The SCAPULAR VEINS follow the same tion of strength being trifling, and Angino'sa, the conta
    course as the arteries,—which they accompany . gious property slight;-and the
    SCAP'ULARY, from scapulu. A broad, linen S. Paristhmit'ica , Š. Cynanch'ica, in which the
    bandage, divided into two tails for three quar- fever is severe ; the throat ulcerated ; the erup
    ters of its length , the undivided extremity of tion later in its appearance and less extensive ;
    which is attached to the posterior and middle often changing to a livid hue ; the fever being
    part of a bandage carried round the body ; each highly contagious .
    of the tails passing over a shoulder ; and beingThe Scarlatina maligna has been reckoned a
    attached to the anterior part of the body band variety of this, in its worst degree. It agrees
    age, to prevent it from slipping down . with the Cynanche maligna of Cullen .
    SCAPULO -HU'MERAL. An epithet given Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata ,
    to the shoulder-joint. It is an orbicular articu. ( q. v .,) and is a disease, chiefly, of children.
    lation , resulting from the reception of the head The eruption differs from measles, in being an
    of the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the efflorescence , not raised above the cuticle .
    To keep the bones in connexion , / Measles, too , attended with catarrhal symp
    SCATACRASIA 623 SCIATIC

    toms, whilst the complication , in scarlatina, is school of celebrity at either of the universities
    cynanche. of Oxford or Cambridge; owing greatly to their
    The treatment of simple scarlatina need not provincial situation. Of late, two schools have
    be much . It must be antiphlogistic . If the existed in London , attached to the London uni.
    throat is very much ulcerated , acid gargles and versity - University college and King's college.
    counter-irritants must be employed ; and if the Excellent private schools have, however, long
    affection becomes manifestly typhoid, and the existed in that metropolis . The medicalschools
    sore throat of a malignant character, the case of Europe which have been most celebrated are
    must be treated like typhus gravior ; along with those of Edinburgh, Leyden , Berlin , Halle ,
    antiseptic gargles of bark , acid, &c. Tubingen, Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua,
    Anasarca, sometimes, supervenes on scarla- Pavia , and Pisa . In the United States , the
    tina, and requires attention . Purgatives are medical schools are numerous ; at this time , not
    here demanded as well as the use of sorbefa- fewer than 30 or 40. Those most numerously at
    cients, such as mercury and squill, &c . tended are the medical department of the Uni
    SCARLATINA MILIARIS, Rubeolah- s. Pustu- versity of Pennsylvania, Jefferson Medical Col
    losa, Rubeola - s. Urticata, Urticaria. lege of Philadelphia, the medical department
    SCATACRASIA , Scoracrasia . of Transylvania University ,at Lexington, Ken.
    SCELETOLOGIA , Skeletology. tucky , and the Louisville Medical Institute.
    SCELETON , Skeleton . SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN , MINERAL
    SCELETUM , Skeleton . WATERS OF. The waters of this New Jer
    SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia dolens. sey Spring are chalybeate . According to Dr.
    SCELOS , Leg. McNeven, they contain, extractive, muriate of
    SCELOTYRBE, Chorea, Porphyra nautica soda, muriate of lime, muriate of magnesia, car
    -s. Febrilis , see Subsultus tendinum . bonate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonate of
    SCEPARNOS, Ascia. magnesia, siles , and carbonate, and oxide of
    SCEPTRUM , Penis. iron .
    SCHASIS , Scarification . SCHOUSBÆA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coc
    SCHASTERION , Fleam , Lancet. cinea .
    SCAEBA ARABUM , Artemisia santonica. SCHWALBACH , MINERAL WATERS
    SCHERBET', Sherbet , Serbeť . A drink pre. OF. S. is a town of Germany , seated on the
    pared by the Turks, Persians, & c., with sugar Aa, 32 miles west of Frankfort. The waters
    and the juice of acid fruits. contain muriate of soda, carbonates of lime and
    SCHERLIEVO , Mal di Scherliero, Mal di magnesia, iron , sulphate of lime, carbonic acid,
    Breno, Mal di Fiume, Margaretizza, Morbus and oxygen , & c. Employed as a tonic.
    Croalus, M. fluminiensis, Falcadina , Malo di SCHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS
    Scarliero, Scabies rend'rea contagio'sa. A name Of These waters are about 5 leagues from
    given to a particular form of syphilis, observed Münich in Bavaria. They contain carbonic
    in Illyria. ' It is said to be capable of being acid ; carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of lime;
    communicated without immediate contact ; and, muriate of magnesia ; carbonate of soda , and
    that its principal symptoms are :-pains in the oxide of iron , and are much used for cutaneous
    bones, ulceration of the fauces, pustules, and affections.
    fungi in different parts of the body . SCIATIC , Ischiatic .
    SCHEROMA. A dryness of the eye from SCIAT'Ic, Ischiat'icus; from 10xtor, the
    the wantof lachrymal secretion.--Dictionaries. haunch .' A word formed by contraction from
    SCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro -poplitæa. ischiatic, which latter is still used . See Ischiatic .
    SCHIDAKE'DON , from axico , 1 cleave . ' The great Scuatic Notch, or FORAMEN, ( F.)
    A longitudinal fracture of a bone. --Galen .Grande échancrure sciatique, ou grand trou
    SCHINDALESIS , Schindylesis . sciatique, is a large notch , at the posterior edge
    SCHINDALMOS , Schindylesis. of each os innominatum , below the posterior
    SCHINDYLEYSIS, axırdvarois, Schindale'sis, and inferior iliac spine, which is converted into
    Schindal'mos. An articulation of bones — by a foramen by the sacrum and sacro-sciatic liga
    furrowing, as it were ; as in that of the bones ments.
    of the septum narium with each other. Also, The Sciatic Spine or Spine of the Ischium ,
    the act of splitting into small pieces . Hippocr .; or Spinous proc''ess of the Ischium , is a short,
    from oyindview , I split into small pieces .' flat, pyramidal eminence on the os innomina
    SCHINELÆ'ON , from oxiros, the mastic tum , above the preceding foramen ; which
    tree,' and gaior, oil.' Oleum lentis'cinum . gives insertion to the lesser sacro-sciatic liga
    Oil of mastic .-- Dioscorides . ment.
    SCHINOS, Scilla . The LESSER Scratic Nerve , Inferior gluteal
    SCHIZATRICH'IA, Trichoschi'sis, Schizo. branch of thesacral plerus, lesser fem'oro-poplite'
    trich'ia, from oxiča , 'a cleft ,' a split.' The al nerve, (Ch .) (F.) Nerf petit sciatique, which
    splitting of the hairs at their extremities.-J . P. seems especially formed by the 20 and 3d
    Frank. sacral , is given off from the lower part of the
    SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitary plexus, and escapes from the pelvis beneath the
    membrane . pyramidalis muscle. It gives branches to the
    SCHENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus . glutæus maximus ,-a sciatic branch or infra .
    SCHOLA , School . pelvic cutaneous, which passes under the tuber
    SCHOOL, Schola . A place of education , osity of the ischium , and furnishes filaments to
    (F.) École. In Europe, the large Medical Schools the glutæusmaximus, and to the muscles of the
    are usually attached to the universities. In perinæum , urethra, penis, scrotum , & c . - and
    England, however, there has been no medical a posterior femoral cu eous branch , the fila .
    SCIATICA 624 SCLEROTIC

    ments of which traverse the femoralaponeurosis complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the
    to be distributed on the skin of the posterior relation of cause and effect to each other.
    part of the thigh. The principal branch of the Scirrhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent,
    ſesser sciatic nerve divides , near the ham , into shooting pains. It is, also , irregular on its sur
    two or three filaments, which descend under face ; and, when cut into,has a bluish or grayish
    the integuments almost as far as the inferior white colour.
    part of the leg. When the surgeon is satisfied of the exist
    The Great Sciatic Nerve, Great fem'oro- ence of scirrhus, he had better remove it at
    poplite'al (Ch .) (F.) Grand nerf sciatique,ought once . No other treatment seems to possess
    to be esteemed a continuation of the sacral much advantage. Galen uses the term Scir.
    plexus. It issues from the pelvis between the rho'sis for a livid excrescence , caused by in
    pyramidalis and superior gemellus; descends flammation .
    along the posterior part of the thigh ; and, after SCISSORS, Forfet, Forpex, Psalis, Tomis.
    having given branches to the gemini, quadra- | ( F.) Ciseaur. A well known instrument in
    tus , obturator externus,glutæus maximus, semi- common use , and often employed in surgery .
    membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and third Scissors are composed of two cutting blades,
    adductor muscles, it divides, about the inferior crossing each other and moving upon an axis.
    third of the thigh, into
    two branches ; the one , They are straight or curred . Sometimes the
    named the external popliteal; the other the in- curve is on the flat side, when they are called
    ternal. in France Ciseaur à cuiller ; at others, on their
    SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro- poplitæa. edges. The scissors , bent so that the blades
    SCIE , Saw . make an obtuse angle with the handles , are also
    SCIENTIA HERMETICA , Alchymy. much used. They are called in France Ciseaux
    SCILLA, Scilla marit'ima, Aschil, Schinos, coudés.
    Oc’ulus Typhonis, Ornithog'alum maril'imum , Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose ,
    Squilla — the squill or sea onion.- The Eye of isolated parts, which it would be difficult to
    Typhon, ( F.) Ognon marin. Family , Liliacee. stretch and to cut with the bistoury. They
    Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. Native of are employed, likewise , in the operation for
    Spain , Austria , &c . harelip, and for removing warts, fungous ex
    The bulb or root of the squill has a bitter , crescences, & c .
    nauseous taste, and is extremely acrid ; inflaming SCISSURÆ , Rhagades.
    the skin when rubbed on it. Its acrimony , SCISSURE DE GLASER , Fissure glenoid
    on which its virtues depend , is destroyed by s. de Santorini, Santorini, fissure of.
    beat, drying , and keeping . It is extracted by SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea .
    vinegar , spirit, and water . SCLEREMIA , Induration of the cellular
    In large doses , the squill is emetic and purga- tissue.
    tive ; in small doses , diuretic and expectorant. SCLEREMUS, Induration of the cellular
    Its active principle has been called scillitine. tissue.
    Dose, gr. j to v of the dried root, united or SCLERIA , Scleriasis.
    not with mercury. SCLERI'ASIS, Sclero'ma, Sclero'sis, Scle'.
    SCINCUS, oxıyxos. A species of Saurus or ria , Sclerys'mus, from oxingos, ' hard .' Any
    Lacerta , common in Egypt, and much ex- kind of hardness or induration . Sometimes
    tolled, by the ancients, as alexipharmic and hardness of the eyelids, Callo'sitas palpebrd'
    aphrodisiac . rum , Scirrhoblepharon'cus ; at others , hardness
    SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS . A name given , of the genital organs of the female ;-probably
    by Paracelsus, to the impotence and loss of synonymous with scirrhus . -Galen. Paulus.
    power in the limbs produced by syphilis. SCLERODES, Sclerotic .
    SCIRRHE , Scirrhus. SCLEROMA , Scleriasis .
    SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, Scleriasis . SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis.
    SCIRRHOCELE , Scirrhus . SCLEROPHTHALMIA , Hordeolum .
    SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus. SCLEROS, Hard .
    SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus. SCLEROSARCO'MA, from oraripos, ' hard ,'
    SCIRRHOUS SARCO'MA OF ABER- and oaoxwua , ' a fleshy tumour.' A hard, fleshy
    NETHY . Emphy'ma sarcoma scirrho'sum . tumour, seated on the gums , and resembling a
    Hard , rigid , vascular infraction of glandular fol. cock's comb.
    licles ; indolent, insentient, glabrous; sometimes SCLEROSIS , Scleriasis.
    shrinking and becoming more indurated . Found SCLEROTIC , Sclerotica ; from oxanpow, ' I
    in glandulous structures. harden . ' Cornea opa'ca ,Sclero'des, Tunica dura
    SCIRRHUS TESTICULI, Sarcocele . seu albugin 'ca seu du'rior et crass'ior seu ex'
    SCIRRHUS, Squirrhus, Scirrho'ma, Scirrho'- tima seu alba seu can'dida seu innomind'ta oc'.
    sis, Indura'tio malig'na, Scirrhocele, Schirrus, uli, Sclero'tis. (F. ) Sclérotique, Blanc de l'æil.
    Sclerus; from ox100 $, ' marble , ' ( F.) Squirre, A hard , resisting, opaque membrane ; of a
    Scirrhe , Skirre. A disease , so called from the pearly white colour and fibrous nature , which
    hardness that characterizes it . It is a state of covers nearly the posterior four-fifths of the
    induration , of a peculiar kind, affecting glandu- globe of the eye, and has the form of a sphere ,
    lar structures generally, but capable of occur- truncated before . It is strengthened by the ex
    ring in other textures. It usually precedes car. pansion of the muscles of the eye ; to which ex
    cinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered pansion many anatomists have given the name
    as the first stage. Scirrhus must not be con- Tunica albuginea .
    founded with the induration which succeeds in- The sclerotic is penetrated , posteriorly, by a
    flammation , although the two states are often ( round opening, for the passage of the optic
    SCLEROTICA 625 SCROFULA

    nerve ; and, anteriorly , it has a much larger SCORDINEMA, Carebaria , Pandiculation.


    opening, into which the transparent cornea is SCORDINISMOS , Pandiculation .
    received . There are , besides, many small ob- SCORDIUM , Teucrium scordium.
    long apertures in it for the passage of nerves SCORITH , Sulphur.
    and vessels, proceeding to the interior of the SCORODON , Allium .
    eye. In the fætus, the sclerotic may be sepa- SCORPION , Scorpio, from oxogalow , ' I
    rated into two very distinct laminæ. puncture .' A genus of insects, having a sting
    SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea. at the extremity of the tail , with which they
    SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Scleronyz'is, Scleroto- make dangerous wounds. An Oil of Scorpion
    nyt'is, from oxangos, ' hard ,' and rubis, punc . was once made from them , which is not now
    turing. Perforation of the sclerotica in the used.
    operation for cataract by depression . SCORTUM, Scrotum .
    SCLEROTICUS, Indurans. SCORZONE'RA , S. hu'milis, Escorzonera ,
    SCLEROTIQUE , Sclerotic . Vipera'ria , Serpenta'ria Hispan'ica , Oficinal
    SCLEROTIS , Sclerotic. diper's grass, Viper's grass, Goat's grass .
    SCLEROTI'TIS , Rheumatic ophthalmia , Oph. Family, Cichoraceæ. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia
    thalmia arthritica. Inflammation of the sclerotic Polygamia. The roots have been used as alexi
    coat of the eye . pharmics , and in hypochondriacal disorders and
    SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS. See Ergot. obstructions of the viscera. The root of the
    SCLERUS, Scirrhus. Scorzonera Hispanica is esculent, but ineffica
    SCLERYS'MA,liver.
    oxingvopa . Induration ; also, cious as a drug.
    induration
    of the SCOTASMA, Scotodynia.
    SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis.
    SCLIRUS, Scirrhus . SCOTODYN'IA , Scotodinia ,Scotomia, Dinus
    SCLOPETOPLAGÆ , Wounds, gunshot. Scoto'ma, Scotoma, Scotodinė, Tenebrico'sa verti'
    SCOBS, Prisma,Xysma , a shaving , Ramen'- , Scotos, Scotas'ma,Scoto'sis.Giddiness,with
    tum , Rasu'ra. Also, an alkali; and the scoria impairedsight, often succeededbyheadache.
    See Vertigo
    of any metal. SCOTOMIA , Scotodynia.
    SCODINEMA, Pandiculation . SCOTOS, Scotodynia .
    SCOLECIASIS , Helminthiasis . SCOTOSIS , Scotodynia.
    SCOLIO'SIS , oxoàiwois , from oxolos, SCOTT'S ACID BATH , Nitro -muriatic acid
    " crooked .' A distortion of the spine . See bath . A bath of dilute Aqua Regia , employed
    Hump. by Dr. Scott, of India , as a remedy in hepatic
    SCOLOPENDRIA , Asplenium ceterach . diseases. Three pints by measure of muriatic
    SCOLOPENDRIUM OFFICINARUM , As- acid, and two of nitric acid , are mixed to
    plenium scolopendrium . form
    SCOLOPOMACHÆ'RION , from oxokorras, use, athe Aquait Regia
    pintof . Inwith
    is mixed preparing thisquan
    an equal for
    the woodcock ,' and mayaiga , ' a knife ;'. So tity of water. The acid bath consists of three
    called because it is benta little at the extremity , ounces of this dilute acid to every gallon of
    like a woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed water .
    bistoury . - Scultetus.
    SCOLYMUS SATIVUS , Cynara scolymus. SCROBICULUS, Fossette.
    SCOOP . Teut. Schoepe . Cochlea're. SCROBIC'Ulus CORDIS , Anticar'dium , Procar'.
    (F.) Curette. A surgical instrument of the dium , (F.) Fossettedu
    shape of a spoon , which is used for the ex. Anticæur.' The pit ofcaur,(q. v.) Avant-cæur,
    the stomach. The de ?
    traction of certain foreign bodies. The scoop pression at the anterior part of the abdomen,
    is often employed to extract balls, impacted in below the xiphoid cartilage.
    the soft parts ; to remove calculi from the SCROFULA, Scropl'ula, Scrophulæ ; from
    urinary bladder in lithotomy, &c . A small scrofa, ' a sow ;' because swine were presumed
    scoop is, sometimes, used to extract foreign to be subjectto a similar complaint. Scrophulo
    bodies from the meatus auditorius externus, sis, Morbus scrophulo'sus, Vitium scrophulosum ,
    nasal fossæ , &c. Cacher'ia seu Dyscra'sia scrophuld'sa, Pæda.
    SCOPA REGIA , Ruscus. troph'ia glandulosa, Struma, Chærus, Coiras,
    SCOPE, Ozorn , Scopia , oxonia, Scopos, oxo- Chræas, King's evil. (F.) Scrophules, Écrouelles,
    nos, from oxote ,“ I look around. A common Humeurs froides, Tubercules des glandes lym .
    suffix to words meaning · view and inspection ,' phutiques. A state of the system , characterized
    as SCOPTULA
    cranioscopy, stethoscopy, &c . by indolent, glandular tumours , chiefly in the
    , Scopula . neck ; suppurating slowly and imperfectly ,and
    SCOPULA , Brush. healing with difficulty , the dis se ordinarily
    SCOR, Excrement. occurring in those of a sanguine temperament,
    SCOR ACRA'SIA , Scoracrati'a , Scatacra'sia , with thick upper lip, &c. The tumours,after
    Scatacruti'a, Copracrati'a; from oxup, theex- suppuration, degenerate into ulcers; which , in
    crement,' and axpaoın, ' debility .' Want of process of time, cicatrize , leaving scars. The
    power to retain the fæces. Involuntary evacua- internal organs are apt to be attacked in those
    tion of the fæces. disposed to scrofula ; hence they are often the
    SCORBUT, Porphyra nautica, Purpura subjects of phthisis and mesenteric affections.
    hæmorrhagica . Scrofula is hereditary ; and is , frequently, ex
    SCORBU'TIC , Scorbu'ticus. That which becited by insufficient or improper regimen , and
    longs to scurvy . One affected with scurvy . by a close, confined air during the first years of
    SCORBUTUS, Porphyra nautica - s.Nauti- existence.
    cus, Porphyra nautica. The best treatment is : —to strengthen the
    79
    SCROFULAIRE 626 SECHE

    system by animal diet ; pure air, and exercise , SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha.
    cold bathing, or sea -water bathing, & c. langes of the fingers .
    SCROFULAIRE, Scrophularia nodosa -- s . SCUTUM CORDIS, Sternum .
    Aquatique. Scrophularia aquatica. SCY B'ALA , plural of Scybalon , oxußalov,
    SCROPHULA , Scrofula --- s. Mesenterica , ' dung. Enterolithus Scyl'alum, Excrementa
    Tabes mesenterica . Aldi siccio'ra . Hard fecal matters , discharged
    SCROPHULA'RIA AQUATICA , Beton'ica in round lumps.
    aquatica , Fica'ria , Ferra'ria , Castran'gula , SCYPHOPHORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen
    Greater Water Figuort, Water Bet'ony. (F.) pyxidatus.
    Scrofulaire aquatique . The leaves are cele- SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of
    brated as correctors of the bad flavour of the Cochlea- s . Cerebri, Infundibulum of the
    benina. They were, at one time, regarded as brain-s. Vieussenii , Infundibulum of the Coch
    eminently antiscrofulous , stomachic , and car : lea .
    minative. SCYROS , Callosity .
    SCROPHU LARIA FETID A , Scrophularia SCYTATIDES DIGITORUM MANUS , Pha
    nodosa . langes of the fingers .
    SCROPH U L ARIA MINOR, Ranunculus SCYTHICA , RADIX ,) Glycyrrhiza.
    ficaria . SCYTITIS, Cytitis.
    SCROPHULA'RIA Nodo'sa , Figuort, Kennel. SEA-AIR. The air, in the neighbourhood of
    wort, Scrophula'ria fætida , Scrophularia vul- the sea, contains saline particles commingled
    ga'ris, Millemor'bia Scrophula'ria . (F.) Scrofu. with it, which render it a valuable change for
    luire, Herbe aux écrouelles. The root and scrofulous and debilitated individuals . The
    leaves of this plant bave been celebrated , both sea and sea-coast are usually , also , more equa
    as an internal and external remedy, against ble in their temperature than places inland .
    inflammations, piles , scrofulous tumours, ul . SEA - SICKNESS, Nausea marina.
    cers , & c . SEAL, SOLOMON'S, Convallaria polygo
    SCROPHULARIA VULGARIS, S. nodosa. natum .
    SCROPHULES, Scrofuli. SEARCHING , Sounding ; from ( F.) Chercher.
    SCROPHULOSIS, Scrofula . The operation of ascertaining whether a pa
    SCROTOCE'LE. A hybrid term ; from (L.) tient has a stone in the bladder, by the intro
    Scrotum , and xrari, a tumour.' Hernia scrota'- duction of a metallic instrument.
    lis, Scrotal hernia. Inguinal hernia, descending SEASONING , Acclimation .
    into the scrotum - Oscheocele , (q . v.) SEAT BONE , Jschion .
    SCROTUM , Scrotum , ( a leather purse,) Os'- SEBA'CEOUS, Seba'ceus ; from sebum ,' suet.'
    chcon , Och'eus, Perin , Scorium , Marsu'pium , That which has the nature of suet.
    Bur'sula , Bursa tes'tium seu viri'lis, Os'cheus, The SE BACEOUS GLANDS, FOL'LICLES or
    Or'chea, the Purse, O'scus . (F.) Les bourses. The Crypts , Miliary glands, are small hollow or
    integuments which cover the testes . These gans of a rounded or pyriform shape, seated in
    are nothing more than a prolongation of the the substance of the skin , and opening on its
    skin of the inner part of the thighs, perineum , surface by a small , excretory duct; furnishing
    and penis. The skin is remarkable for its a yellow , unctuous humour, having some ana
    brown colour, for the numerous rugæ , espe. logy with cuet, which is destined to lubricate
    cially when the scrotum is contracted; for the the surface of the body .
    greatnumber ofsebaceous follicles it contains; Follicles of a similar nature exist around the
    and for the long and few hairs, which issue corona glandis of the male , and under the skin
    from it, in the adult. The scrotum is divided of the labia majora and nymphæ of females.
    into two equal parts by a raphe, which extends They secrete a sebaceous matter , which emits
    from the anus to the root of the penis. Its or a peculiar odour ; and , hence have been called
    ganization is similar to that of the skin of Glandula odorifera.
    other parts of the body , except that the chorion SEBESTIER MYXA , Sebestina.
    is thinner. SEBESTI'NA , Cordia myra, Sebes'ten , Sebsten ,
    SCRUPLE, Diol'olon, Scrupulus ; a weight Myra, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus sebestena,
    of twenty grains, Troy ; twenty-four grains, Smooth -leared Cordin or Assyr'ian plum . (F. )
    Poids de marc . Sebestier myra . The dark , black fruit of the
    SCURF, Sax. seurf, Teut. Schorft. Sebestina possesses glutinous and aperient qua
    Fur'fura. Small exfoliations of the cuticle are lities , and is exhibited in decoction , in various
    80 called. diseases of the chest.
    SCURFY, Furfuraceous. SEBSTEN , Sebestina .
    SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra - s. SEBUM .Pinguedo , Sevum .
    J.and, Purpura hæmorrhagica - s. Petechial, SECALE . S. cerea'le. The Rye plant. (F.)
    Purpura simplex - s. Sea, Porphyra nautica-s. Seiyle. Rye is chiefly used as an article of
    Grass , common , Cochlearia officinalis -- s.Grass, diet , particularly in the northern parts of Eu .
    lemon, Cochlearia officinalis- s . Grass, wild , rope, where they , also , extract a spirit from it.
    Cochlearia coronopus. The grain is disposed to acescency : and hence
    SCUTELLA , Cup. its internal use, at first, generally produces a
    SCUTELLA'RIA GALERICULA'TA . Ter- laxative effect
    tiana'ria , Skull-cap. (F.) Cassidebleue. Family, SECALE CORNUTUM , Ergot- s. Luxurians, Er
    Personeæ . Ser . Syst . Didynamia Angiosper. got.
    mia . This plant has a bitter taste and a garlic SECALIS MATER , Ergot.
    smell. It has been esteemed especially service- SECESSIO FÆCUM , Defecation .
    able in Tertian ague . SÈCHE , Sepia.
    SECLUSORIUM 627 SELTZ

    SECLUSORIUM , Sac . SEDLITZ POWDERS may be formed of Soda.


    SECONDARY, from secun'dus,' the second .' tartarizata zij, Sodæ carbon . Jij, in one paper
    Something that acts subordinately to another ; | Acid tartaric . xxxv,in another. For half a pint
    as the secondary symptoms of a disease ; i. e . of water.
    those which supervene on the primary . SÉDON BRÛLANT, Sedum-s. Reprise, Se
    SÉCONDINES, Secundines. dum telephium .
    SECRETION . Secretio, Apoc'risis, from SEDUM . Sedum acre, Illecebra , Vermicula' :
    secer'nerē, “ to separate .' An organic function, ris, Piper mura'le, Sedum minus, Sempervi'rum
    which is chiefly executed in the glands, and acre, Wall pepper, Stone crop, Aci'chryson , Æo
    consists in an elaboration or separation of the nion . (F.) Joubarbe âcre, Orpin brûlant, Ver.
    materials of the blood , at the very extremities miculaire ' brûlante , Sédon brûlant. Family,
    of the arterial system , or rather of the vascular Crassulaceæ . Sex . Syst. Decandria Pentagy:
    secretory system ; and which differs, in each nia. In its recent state , it is very acrid , and
    organ, according to its particular structure ; proves both emetic and cathartic . Externally ,
    hence the formation of different fuids;-bile , in the forın of cataplasm, it produces vesica
    saliva , urine, milk, & c . The secretions are of tions and erosions. It has been recommended
    three kinds :-exhalant, follicular,and glandular in cancerous and malignant ulcers.
    ( 9. v .) SEDUM , Saxifraga granulata - s. Majus, Sem
    SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists. pervivum tectorum --3 . Minus, Sedum,
    SECTIO ALTA, see Lithotomy - s. Cadave. Senun TELE'Phium, Faba crassa, Cras'sula ,
    ris, Autopsia cadaverica - s. Franconiana, see C. Major, Illecebra major , Tele'phium . Fabu’ria
    Lithotomy - s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy , cras'sula , Anacamp'seros, ' Orpine. ( F.) Sėdon
    Grand
    s. Mariana , see reprise, &c.
    Lithotomy —Nymphotomy
    $. Lateralis, seeNympharum orpin, Fèce épaisse, Joubarbe des
    Lithotomy - s. , - s. vignes, Formerly used as a cataplasm in
    Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Vesicalis, Lithotomy. cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, &c .
    SECUNDÆ , Secundines . SEED, Sperm .
    SECUNDINÆ , Secundines . SEGRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near
    SECUNDINES. Hys'tera, Deu'tera, Deu- Pithiviers, in Gâtinais, in the French depart
    ter'ia, After -birth , Secun'da, Secundi'næ. ( F. ) ment of Loiret , there is a chalybeate spring ,
    Arrière-fair, Sécondines, Délivre. All that re- which has somereputation.
    mains in the uterus , after the birth of the child , SEIGLE, Secale -s. Ergotée, Ergot.
    - viz. the placenta , a portion of the umbilical SEIN , Uterus , see Mamina.
    cord , and the membranes of the ovum . These SEIRIASIS, Coup de soleil.
    are, conimonly , not expelled till some time after SEKISKAYAVODKA . See Spirit.
    the birth of the fætus ; hence their name. See SEL, Sait—s. Admirable de Lemery, Magne
    Deliverance. siæ sulpha3—8. Admirable perlé, Soda, phos
    SECUNDUS PROPRIORUM AURICULÆ, phate of — s. de Cuisine, Soda, muriate of - s. de
    Retrahens auris . Derosne , Narcotine - s. d'Egra, Magnesiæ sul .
    SEDANTIA , Sedatives . phas -- s. d'Opium , Narcotine - s. de Saturne,
    SED'ATIVES. Pauontu . Sedan'tia, Adedta , Plumbi superacetas – s de Verre, see Vitrum
    (F.) Calmants, Temperants, from sedo, ' I settle s. Volatil d'Angleterre,Ammoniae carbonas.
    or assuage. Medicines which directly depress SELAGO, Camphorosma monspeliaca .
    the vital forces, and which are consequently SELENE , Moon .
    employed whenever it is necessary to diminish SELENIASIS , Somnambulism .
    preternaturally increased action . The chief SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism .
    reputed sedatives are : Acidum Hydrocyani- SELENOGAMIA , Somnambulism .
    cum , Acidum Hydro-sulphuricum , Tabacum , SELERY, Apium graveolens.
    Missio Sanguinis , and certain gases by inhala- SELF -HEAL , Prunella.
    tion , as azote , carbonic acid , (?) carburetted SELI'BRA , Sembella , half a pound. Six
    and sulphuretted hydrogen . ounces , Troy ; eight, Avoirdupois.
    SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani . SELINITES , σελινίτης. Wine impregna
    SEDES , Anus , Excrement — 8. Procidua , ted with the seeds of the gediror or small-uge.
    Proctocele. Dioscorides .
    SE D'IMENT. Sedimentum . ( F. ) Dépôt . A SELLA , S. turcica - s . Equina , S. turcica-s .
    deposit, formed by the precipitation of some one Sphenoidalis, S. turcica .
    or more of the substances held in solution or SELLA TUR'cica, Ephip'pium , Fossa Pituita'
    suspension by a liquid. That which is formed ria , Turkish Saddle, Colla Turcica, Sella, S.
    in urine , at the line of cooling, has been called equina seu sphenoida'lis, (F.) Selle Turcique ou
    Hypos'tasis, Hyposte'ma , Residen'tia , Subsiden'. du Turc. A ression at the upper surface of
    tia . This sediment or deposit varies in different the sphenoid bone, which is bounded, anterior.
    states of the system . In calculous affections, ly and posteriorly , by the clinoid processes ;
    it is one of the most important objects of atten. and lodges the pituitary gland. It is so called
    tion . fronı its resemblance to a Turkish saddle .
    SEDLITZ , MINERAL WATERS OF . Seid- SELLA TURCICA, Pituitaria fossa .
    litz or Seydschütz water. Springs in Bohemia, SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella turcica -- s. du
    near Prague , which are simple salines. They Turc Sella turcica .
    contain a large quantity of sulphate of magne SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts .
    sia , a little sulphate of soda and sulphate of SELTZ or SELTZER , MINERAL WA.
    lime, carbonic acid, carbonates of lime and mag- TERS OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source
    nesia , and a resinous matter . ( ? ) They are em- of which is at Seltz, nine leagues from Stras
    ployed , as purgatives , in a multitude of diseases. burg, and in the Department of the Bas- Rhiņ .
    1

    SEMBELLA 628 SEMI-SPINALIS

    They contain carbonates of lime , magnesia , exist between the condyles of the os femoris
    and soda, muriate of soda, and much carbonic and the articular surfaces of the tibia. The
    acid. They are refrigerant, tonic ,diuretic , and innermost, which is longer from before to be
    aperient. hind than transversely, is nearly semicircular.
    ARTIFICIAL SELTZER WATER may be made the outermost forms almost an entire circle ;
    from muriat.atid.gr. xxxv, water lþj,white mar an arrangement, in both cases,corresponding
    ble, gr. iij. Stop up till dissolved. Add carbo- to the different surfaces of the tibia . They are
    nate of magnesia, gr . v, and , after some time , thicker at their outer circumference , which is
    subcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxij. Close it till convex, than at the inner, which is concave
    used . and very thin . Both are inserted, before and
    SEMBELLA , Selibra . behind, into the spine of the tibia , by ineans of
    SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM , Avicen- fibrous fasciæ .
    nia tomentosa . The SEMILUNAR GANGI.JON ,—Ganglion ab
    SEMEIOL'OGY, Semeiot'ice ; Semiology, or domina'le seu splanch'nicum seu transder'sum
    Semiotice, from Semeio'sis, onuerdoiç, signifi. seu solarė, G. surrénal, (Ch.,) belongs to the
    cation , designation ,' (F.) Semeiotique. The great sympathetic. These ganglia present con
    branch of pathology, whose object is an ac- siderable variety, and are deeply situate in the
    quaintancewith the signsof disease. abdomen , above and behind the supra- renal cap
    SEMEION BOETHEMATICUM , Indica- sules.
    tion .
    They correspond , posteriorly, to the
    pillars of the diaphragm and the aorta. They
    SEMEJOSIS , Semeiology: have the shape of a crescent reversed,often sur
    SEMEIOTIQUE , Semeiology: rounded by other ganglia of a smaller size.
    SEMEN , Sperm-s . Badian , Illicium anisa- From their periphery the numerous filaments
    tum - s. Cinæ, Artemisia santonica — s. Contra, proceed, which go to the formation of the solar
    Artemisia santonica - s. Contra vermes, Arte- plexus.
    misia santonica - s . Masculinum seu virile , SEMILUNAR VALVES, Sigmoid valves — s. Mas
    Sperm - s. Sanctum , Artemisia santonica - s . culatus , Eunuch .
    Zedoariæ , Artemisia santonica. SEMI-MEMBRANOʻSUS , Ischio- popliti- fé
    SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica. moral , Ischio-popliti-tibial. (Ch .,) (F. ) Demi-mem
    SEMI, from rucov, ' half.' Semi or demi,in braneur. A muscle situate at the posterior part of
    composition, universally signifies ' half ; ' both the thigh. It is flat, thin, narrow , and aponeu
    in French and English . rotic in its upper third ; broader and fleshy in
    * SEMI-CIRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular ca the middle , and tendinous below. It is at
    nals .
    tached above to the tuberosity of the ischium ;
    SEMICIRCULAR, Semicircula'ris . That and below - by a tendon , which has three divi.
    which represents the half of a circle. sions to the outer condyle of the femur, and
    The SEMICIRCULAR Canals, Cana'les semi- to the posterior and inner part of the internal
    circula'res seu tubeformos seu circula' res,Semi- tuberosity of the tibia. This muscle is a rota
    circuli ossei, Funes seu Canaliculi semi-annu- tor inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also
    la'res, (F.) Canaux demi-circulaires, are seated bend the thigh upon the leg. In standing, it
    in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, and maintains the pelvis in position, and can even
    open into the vestibule , behind which they are draw it downwards.
    situate. They are three in number, of which SEMI- NERVOSUS, Semi- tendinosus- semi
    one is superior or vertical ; another posterior or orbicularis, Orbicularis oris - semi-pestis, Ty
    oblique ; and the third exterior or horizontal. phus.
    Their parietes are formed of a bony, compact, SEMI-SICILICUS. A weight of one drachm
    hard plate . Their uses in audition are not or three scruples. - Rhodius.
    known : at their termination they have the el . SEMI - SPÈC'ULUM . An instrument used
    liptical arrangements , called ampullæ ; and by for dilating the incision made into the neck of
    both extremities they open into the vestibule, the bladder in the operation of lithotomy.- Fa
    in thesac at its superior part - the Sac'culus bricius Hildanus.
    Ellipticus, Alveus commu'nis, Utricle, Sinus or SEMI-SPINALIS COLLI, Transver'so-spina
    Alveus utriculu'sus, Sacculus vestibuli or Median lis Colli, Spinalis cervi'cis, Spinalis Colli, Trans
    sinus. In front of the S. ellipticus, nearer the versa'lis Colli, Transverso -spinal. (F.) Demi
    cochlea, and opposite the foramen ovale, is the épineur ou transtersaire-épineur du cou . This
    Sacculus spher'icus sacculus.
    or muscle arises from the transverse processes of
    SEMI-CON GIUS. Half a gallon , or four the six uppermost dorsal vertebræ , by an equal
    pints. number of distinct tendons, which run obliquely
    SEMI-CU'PIUM , Inses'sio, Inces'sin , Enca- ur der the complexus , and is inserted into the
    this'ma,eyxagona, Ercathis'ma, ( F.) Demi-bain. spinous processes of all the cervical vertebræ ,
    A half- bath, or such as receives only the hips except the first and last. Its action is, to extend
    or extremities. the neck obliquely backwards and to one side .
    SEMI -Curium , Bath , half - semi- fibulæus, Pe . SEMI - SPINALIS EXTERNUS, Semi-spinalis
    roneus brevis - semi- interosseus indicis, Abduc- dorsi .
    tor indicis - semi-interosseus pollicis , Opponens Semi-Spinalis DORSI , Semi-spinalis erter'nus,
    pollicis . Transver'so -spinalis dorsi , Semi- spina'tus, (Rio
    SEMILU'NAR, Semiluna'ris, (F.) Demi-lu- lan ,) Transverso -spinal, (F.) Demi-épineur du
    naire ou Sémi-lunaire. Having the shape of a dos , Transversaire-épineux du dos. This mus
    half -moon . cle arises from the transverse processes of the
    The SEMILUNAR CARTILAGES, or Semilunar seventh , eighth , ninth , and tenth dorsal verte
    fibro-cartilages, are two fibro-cartilages, which bræ , hy as many distinct tendons, which soon
    SEMI- TENDINOSUS 629 SENSIBILITY

    grow fleshy ; and then , again, become tendi. SENECTA AN'GUIUM. The cast- skin of
    nous, and are inserted into the spinous pro- a serpent. A decoction of it is said to cure
    cesses of the sixth or seventh uppermost dor- deafness!
    sal, and two lowest cervical vertebræ , by as SENECTUS, Geras, Old age, (F.) Viellesse.
    many tendons. Its action is, to extend the spine The last period of life , commencing, according
    obliquely backwards. to some , at 60 years of age, but varying accord
    SEMI -Spinalis INTERNUS, Transversalis dorsi ing to numerous circumstances. It is charac
    -s. Spinatus, Longissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis terized by the progressive diminution of the
    dorsi. physical and moral faculties.
    SEMI- TENDINO'SUS, Semi-nerdo'sus, Is- ŠENECTUS ULTIMA , Decrepitude.
    chio -créti-tibial, Ischio-prétibial, ( Ch . ,) (F.) SENEGA ROOT, Polygala senega.
    Demi-tendineuſ. This muscle is situate at the SENEGAL, GUM . The exudation from the
    posterior part of the thigh. It extends obliquely Mimo'sa Senegal, Family, Leguminose. Sez.
    downwards and inwards, from the tuberosity of Syst. Polygamia Monæcia, which grows in the
    the ischium-to wbich it is attached by a flat country of Africa, through which the river Se
    tendon, common to it and the biceps — as far as negal runs. It is in loose or single drops, much
    the posterior and inner part of the tibia, to larger than Gum Arabic , or the gum which
    which it is attached by means of another round exudes from the cherry tree ; and is much more
    tendon . Its fibres are commonly interrupted by difficult of solution than the former.
    an aponeurosis. Its uses are the same as those SENEGINE . See Polygala senega.
    of the seini -membranosus . SENEKA, Polygala senega.
    SEMI- TERTIANA, Hemitritæa-s.-tierce , SÉNÉVÉ, Sinapis.
    Hemitritæa -- S. - vir, Eunuch . SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum .
    SEMIL'LA DEL GUACHARO. Various SENNA , Cassia senna - s. Alexandrina, Cas.
    kinds of hard and dry fruits, found in the sto- sia senna - s. American , Cassia marilandica - s.
    machs of the young Ġuacharoes, a sort of noc. Bladder , Colutea arborescens — s. Essence of,
    turnal bird ;-a celebrated South American re- prepared , Selway's, see Infusum sennæ com
    medy in ague. positum - s. Italica , Cassia senna .
    SÉMINA FRIG'IDA MAJOʻRA . The SENS, Sense .
    greater cold seeds. The ancients gave this SENSA'TION , Sensa'tio, Esthe'ma. An
    name to the emulsive seeds of the cucumber, impression , caused by external bodies, on the
    melon , gourd, and water-melon . organs of the senses, and transmitted to the
    Semina Frigida Minora. The lesser cold brain, which appreciates it. It is not necessa
    seeds. The ancients gave this name to the rily , however,confined to bodies external to us;
    seeds of the lettuce , purslane, endive , and for we can receive an impression by touching
    chicory . any part of our own body. The body which
    SEMINALIS, Spermatic . communicates the impressions, needs but to be
    SEMINIF'EROUS, from semen, sperm ,' external to the part impressed.
    and fero, ' I carry,' Seminif'erus. An epithet Sensations are divided into external, internal
    given to the vessels which secrete and convey and morbid. The external are communicated
    the seminal fluid . by the five organs of the senses. The internal
    ,
    SEMIOTICE FACIEI,Physiognomy, Se- for
    meiology :
    fromthesomealteration in the function ofthepart,
    time being. Hunger and thirst are
    SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum . internal sensations, as well as all the natural
    SEMPERVI'VUM TECTO'RUM, House- Leek, Se- wants.
    dum majus, Aizoön, Beiahalalen, Buphthalmus, Morbid sensations may be either internal or
    Barba Jovis, Sengreen, Agriocin'ara ,Andracha- external.
    hara, Chrysosper'mum , (F.) Joubarbe des toits. SENSE , Sensus, Æsthe'sis, (F. ) Sens. A
    The leaves have a mild, subacid austerity, and faculty , possessed by animals, of receiving im
    are often applied to bruises and old ulcers. pressions from external objects. (F.) Sentiment.
    SEMUNCIA , Hemiungion. The senses are five in number: sight, hearing,
    SENA, Cassia senna. smell , taste , and touch . Of these , the two first
    SENÉ, Cassia senna - s . Faur, Colutea arbo- and the last administer more to the intellect ;
    rescens . and , hence , have been called , by some, the in
    SENE /CIO , S. vulga'ris, Erig''erum , Coi'- tellectual senses: the other two seem more des
    talon, Erigeron , Groundsel, ( F.) Seneçon commun . tined for the nutrition of the body ; and, hence,
    Family, Corymbiferæ. Ser. Syst. 'Syngenesia have been termed corporeal or nutritive senses.
    Polygamia Superflua. A common plant in Other senses have been suggested — as the
    Europe; frequently applied , bruised, to inflam- intense sensation experienced during the vene
    mations
    butic.
    and ulcers,as refrigerant and antiscor- real act; a sense of heat and cold: a muscular
    sense , a common sense or Cænæsthesis (q. v. ,)
    SENECIO JACOBÆ'A , Jacob @ 'a , St. James' &c.
    Wort, Ragrort, (F.) Jacobée. The leaves have SENSES , NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE, Medulla
    extremely oblongata .
    a roughish , bitter, subacrid , andbeen
    nauseous taste . A decoction has used in SENSIBILITAS ANOMALA , see Irritable
    dysentery. A poultice of theleaves has been -s. Aucta, see Irritable - s. Morbosa, see Irri.
    recommended in rheumatic affections; and a table.
    decoction of the root has been often employed SENSIBIL'ITY, Sensibilitas, Æsthema. The
    in cases of wounds and bruises. faculty of receiving impressions, and having
    SENECON COMMUN , Senecio . the consciousness of them. Bichat defines it
    i

    SENSITORIUM 630 SERPENT

    as the property, possessed by living bodies, of bri, Falx cerebri-s. Cochleæ auditoriæ, Lamina
    receiving impressions, whether the individual spiralis.
    be conscious of them or not . In the former Septum Cordis, Septum medium cordis . The
    case, where conscious, he calls the sensibility , partition which separates the two ventricles of
    animal: in the latter , where not , he terms it the heart.
    organic. This last is common to vegetables SEPTUM ENCEPHALI , Tentorium .
    and animals , and presides over nutrition , ab- SEPTUM LU'cidum seu pellu'cidum seu tenue
    sorption, exhalation, secretion , &c. The other et pellucidum seu medium seu Speculum lu'cidum
    does not existin vegetables: it is the origin of seu Lapis specula'ris seu Mediasti'num seu
    the sensations - olfaction, vision , gustation, au . Diaphrug'ma ventriculo'rum latera'lium cerebri,
    dition , thirst, hunger, pain , & c. Spec'uluin , Septum médian, (Ch . ,) (F. ) Cloison
    There are few parts of the animal body, but transparente. The soft portion or medullary
    what are sensible , - if not in health-in disease. substance , which separates the two lateral ven.
    The free extremities of the hair, and nails , and tricles of the brain from each other . This sep
    the epidermis are not so. See Insensibility . tum is composed of two laminæ ; between
    SENSITORIUM , Sensorium . which a small cavity exists , filled by a serous
    SENSO'RIUM , Senso'rium communē, Or. fuid, and called the Fossa of Sylvius, 5th den
    ganon senso'rium internum , Sensito'rium , Em- tricle of Cuvier, Sinus of the me'dian septum ,
    po'rium spirituum , Æ'sthete'rion. The common (Ch .) The brothers Wenzel are of opinion, that
    centre of sensations . this cavity is lined by a peculiar meinbrane.
    SENTIENT, Sentiens. Feeling, SEPTŮM MEDIĂN , S. lucidum - s. Médian
    The Sentiert EstREMITIES of nerves are du cervelet, Falx cerebelli-s . Medium cerebri ,
    their minute terminations in the organs . S. lucidum .
    SENTIMENT. See Sense . Septum Na'rium , Interseptum seu Dissepi
    SEPARATO'RIUM , from separo, ' I sepa. mcn'tum , seu Interfinium , seu Discri'men ,seu
    rate.' A surgical instrument, for separating Imbrer, seu Diaphrag'ma narium , ( F.) Cloison
    the pericranium from the skull . des Fosses nasales, the partition between the
    A Sep'uratory - Vitrum Hypoclep'ticum , -is, nares . It is forined by the vomer , the perpen .
    also, a pharmaceuticalvessel for separating dicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and a carti
    lage of a triangular shape . These parts are
    fluids of different densities from each other.
    SEPEDOGENESIS , Sepodonogenesis. lined by the pituitary membrane, which re
    SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esis, from ceives a considerable number of nerves and
    OnTredwr, putrescency,’and yereois,'generation . vessels.
    A septic disposition or tendency; such as is met Septum Parvum OCCIPITALE , Falx cerebelli
    with in typhus gravior . -s. Pellucidum , S. lucidum - s. Scalæ , Lamina
    SEPHİ’ROS. A word used ,by some writers , spiralis - s. Staphylin, Velum pendulum palati
    for the hardness that follows sinall abscesses, -s. Tenue et pellucidum , S. lucidum - s. Tho
    from which the pus has been absorbed ; as in racis , Mediastinum - s. Transverse, Tentorium
    the case of furuncles . --s. Transversum , Diaphragm — s. Vestibuli
    SEPIA , S. officinalis, Sepium , Præcip'itans nervoso -membranaceum , see Labyrinth .
    magnum , Cuttle-Fish , (F.) Sèche.' The shell of SEQUES’TRUM , from seques'tro, ' I sepa.
    the cuttle -fish has been used as an absorbent ; rate .' The portion of bone, in necrosis, which
    and is often added to tooth- powders. is dead , and separated from the living bone ;
    SEPLASIA'RIUS . A name formerly given acting, whilst retained , as an extraneous body.
    to those who sold perfumes , ointments, & c. It When the sequestrum is superficial and small ,
    is derived from Seplasia , the name of a public it is called Exfoliation, (q . v. )
    place at Capua , where these kinds of prepara SERAPINON , Sagapenum .
    tions were frequently sold . SERAPIUM , Syrup .
    SEPSIS , Putrefaction. SERBET, Scherbet.
    SEP'TENARY. Consisting of seven . The SER'ICUM , Silk , from Seres ,—the Thibetans
    septenary years , of the old believers in critical probably - from whom it was first obtained .
    periods, were times at which , it was supposed , im- ( F.) Soie. The thread spun by the Bombyx Mori
    portantchangesmight be expected to take place. or Silkworm . Silk is used by surgeons for liga
    The grand climacteric (q . v.) was fixed at 63, tures, &c.
    and was considered
    it , that if a person passed SERICUM ANGLICUM . See Sparadrapum ad
    that age, he had well - founded expectations, that hæsivum .
    his life might be protracted to 90. SÉRIEUX, Serious .
    SEPTFOIL , UPRIGHT, Tormentilla . SEYRIOUS, ( F.) Sérieux , Grave. A term ap.
    SEPTIC , Sep'ticus. That which produces plied to disease and symptomsthat are attended
    putrefaction . Any substance which corrodes with danger.
    and disorganizes the soft parts without causing SERIS , Cichorium intybus.
    much pain . SERMOUNTAIN , Laserpitium album .
    SEPTINERVIA , Plantago. SEROSITY, Serum .
    SEPTOPYRA , Typhus gravior . SEROUS MEMBRANES, Membranes, se
    SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison. A part intended to rous.
    separate two cavities from each other, or to SERPENT, Serpens, Anguis, Ophis, from
    divide a principal cavity into several secondary serpo, ' I creep .' A snake.
    cavities. ŚNAKE Broth was, at one time, recommended
    These se pta are numerous in the human as a restorative.
    body. The chief are the following : Many serpents are venomous : and the bites
    SEPTUM CEUEBELLI, Falx cerebelli — . Cere. of some fatal .' See Poisons , (Table of. )
    SERPENTARIA 631 SESAMOID

    SERPENTARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria— blood , when coagulated at rest. It is of a green


    s.Minor,Arum maculatum — s. Gallorum , Arumish.yellow colour; viscid ; slightly coagulable
    dracunculus - s . Hispanica , Scorzonera . by heat , acids, and alcohol. li is composed of
    SERPENTARIÆ BRAZILIENSIS RADIX , water; muriate of soda ; certain phosphates ;
    Caince radix . gelatine ; and albumen , constantly united to
    SERPENTINE , Ophites. soda, almost in a saponaceous combination .
    SERPENTINUS , Ophites. SERUM Lactis ; the Serum of Milk , Whey ,
    SERPIG'INOUS, from serpere, " to creep . ' ( F. ) Sérum du lait, ( q . v. ) Petit lait. That part
    An epithet given to certain superficial ulcera- of milk, from which the butter and caseous
    tions, which , as they cicatrize in one part, ex matter have been separated. It is a transpa
    tend to another. rent, citrine-coloured liquid , containing sugar
    SERPIGO , Herpes circinatus , Lichen . of milk , mucilage, acetic acid , phosphate of
    SERPOLĖT, Thymus serpyllum . lime, and some other saline substances. It is
    SERPYLLUM , Thymus serpyllum - s. Ci- used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refrige
    tratum , see Thymus serpyllum . rant .
    SERRA , Saw . The SERUM LACTIS HOFFMAN'NI , (F.) Petit
    SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, Family, Cynaro- lait d'Hoffmanı, is a name given to the liquid,
    cephaleæ . Sei. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia resulting from treating with boiling water,
    æqualis. A species of Sawwort, recommended milk which has been evaporated to an almost
    in ague . solid consistence. It is not much used .
    SERRATUS ANTICUS MINOR , Pectoralis RENNET WHEY is made thus: milk 2 pints ;
    minor-s . Major, Serratus magnus . rennet Zss , infused in a little hot water: mix
    SERRA'TUS MAGNUS. So called from its ser- and keep in a gentle beat for some hours , then
    rated appearance. Serratus major anti'cus, strain. - Gray.
    Serratus major, Costo-basi -scapulaire , Costo-SERUM OF SEROUS MEMBRANES, Serum mem
    scapulaire, (Ch ..) ( F. ) Grand dentelé. A very
    branarum serosa'rum , Water of Dropsy , ( F. ) Sé
    broad, (especially anteriorly) thin , flat, irregu-
    rum des membranes séreuses, Eau des hydro
    larly quadrilateral muscle , situate at the sides
    piques. It resembles the serum the blood ,
    of the thorax . It isattached, before, to the ex-
    especially in cases of hydrocele. The water of
    ternal surface of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as
    hydrothorax and ascites contains much less
    many distinct digitations ; and , behind, to the
    albumen :-sometimes, enough to coagulate on
    spinal edge of the scapula. The superior fibres
    the application of heat: at others, not .
    are almost horizontal; the lower become gra- SERVICE , MOUNTAIN , Sorbus acuparia
    dually more and more oblique upwards and --s. Tree , Sorbus domestica.
    backwards . This muscle carries the scapula SERVIETTE EN CARRÉ, Couvrechef.
    forwards, and causes it to execute a inovement SES'AMOID, Sesamoi'des , Sesamodes, Sesa
    of rotation , which directs its inferior angle for- moideus, from oroaun, a grain of sesamum ,'
    wards , and the anterior upwards. When the and Eldos , resemblance .'
    shoulder is fixed , it raises the ribs . The SESAMOID Bones are small bones, situate
    SERRATUS Posti'cus INFERIOR, Dorso -lombo- in the substance of tendons,near certain joints.
    costal, Lombo -costal, ( Ch .,) (F.) Petit dentelė Their number is various. They are commonly
    postérieur et inférieur. A broader and thinner more in the male than female. Two are constant
    muscle than the following , but nearly of the ly met with beneath the metatarso -phalangal ar
    same shape . It is situate obliquely, at the ticulations of the great toe . Sometimes , the ar
    lower part of the back ; and extends from the ticulations of other bones of the metatarsus with
    spinous processes of the two or three last dor- the phalanges of the toes have them likewise .
    sal vertebre , and the two or three first lumbar, In the hand, there are two before the metacar
    to the inferior margin of the four last false po -phalangal joint of the thumb. At times,
    ribs . This muscle depresses the ribs , and thus they are met with in the other metacarpo-pha
    concurs in expiration . It is an antagonist to the langal articulations. Occasionally, two exist,
    next . behind the condyles of the femur, in the ten
    SERRATUS Posti'cus SUPERIOR, Cervi'ci. dons of the gastrocnemii muscles. A consider
    dorso-costal, Dorso-costal, (Ch.,) (F. ) Petit den- able os sesamoideum is also met with in the
    telé supérieur. A flat, thin, quadrilateral mus. tendon of the peronæus longus.
    cle ; situate obliquely at the posterior inferior These bones are commonly round , and
    part of the neck , and the superior part of the flattened only on one surface , which is incrusted
    back . It passes from the posterior cervical with cartilage. Their size is very variable, ac
    ligament, the spinous process of the last cervi. cording to the joints in which they exist.
    cal vertebra ; from the spinous processes of the Traces of sesamoid bones are not observed in
    two or three first dorsal, to the second , third , infants : in them , they are replaced by small,
    fourth, and fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted cartilaginous concretions. They are developed
    by as many digitations. It raises the ribs, and by a single point of ossification; and are, like
    is , consequently , an inspiratory muscle. the patella (which is a true sesamoid bone,)
    SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus. composed of much cellular substance, covered
    SERUM DU SANG , S. of the blood . by a thin layer of compact tissue .
    SERUM, Orrhos, Seros'ity. The most watery The use of these bones is ,-to allow the ten
    portion of animal fluids, exhaled by serous don to be inserted into the lever at a greater
    membranes. It is a constituent part of blood, angle ; and, thus, enable the power to act more
    milk , & c . advantageously.
    The SERUM OF THE BLOOD , ( F. ) Sérum du Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamoïdea ,
    Sang, is the liquid, which 'separates from the to two bony points sometimes met with ;-the
    SESAMUM 632 SIALAGOGUE
    one at the outer side of the carotid canal of the difference between male and female in animals
    temporal bone ; and the other at the edge of the and vegetables ; -as the male sex, Secus po'tiot,
    cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal S. virilis; the female sex , Sexus se'quior,
    means the
    S.
    carotid artery. mulie'bris. ln France, “ the ser "
    SES'AMƯM ORIENTA'LE . Bennz, Oily female sex .
    n
    Grain . The seeds of this Africa plant are SEXTANS, Sexta pars libra . The sixth part
    cultivated in Georgia and South Carolina, of a pound . - GalenS.
    where the negroes use them with Indian Corn SEXTARIU . An ancient measure for
    as an article of food. They yield a larger pro- liquid and solid substances . See Weights and
    portion of oil than any other vegetable ; one Measures .
    hundred weight producing ninety pounds of SEX'TULA . The sixth part of an ounce .
    oil, which is, at least , equal to Florence oil. SEXUAL . That which relates to the sex ;
    The Benne Oil, Sesami Oleum , is used in the which characterizes the sex .
    Southern States as a laxative . The leaves af. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, Coition - 5. Organs,
    ford , by infusion , an excellent mucilage. Genital organs.
    SESCUNCIA , Sesquiun'cia , Hemiolion . An The Sexual Organs are the genital organs;
    ounce and a half . and the Sexual Functions , the genital func
    SESELI, Laserpitium siler - 8. Ægopodium , Lions .
    Ligusticum podagraria - s. Creticum , Tordylum SEYDSCHÜTZ WATER, Sedlitz water.
    officinale -- s. des Près , Peucedanum silaus. SHALLOT, Echalotte .
    Ses'ELI TORTUO'sum , Seseli Massilien'së, Hart- SHAMPOO'ING , (F.) Massage. A Hindoo
    wort of Marseilles. The seeds have a warm process, which consists in pressing the body of
    taste ;and a greater degree of pungency than the bather in a peculiar manner;cracking the
    those of the Laserpitium Siler, which is the various joints, and employing blows and fric
    Seseli of the Pharmacopeias . tion .
    SESQUI. This word, joined with any num- Kneading ' consists in pressing alternately
    ber , weight, measure, & c., signifies one and a upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles
    half ; as sesquigranum , ' a grain and a half.' to more energetic action . It is employed at
    SÉSQUIUNCIA, Sescuncia. times in dyspepsia.
    SETA EQUINA, Hairworm , Helmin'thus SHEATH , Vagina.
    Gordii. A kind of worm , found in stagnant SHELL LIQUID. See Calcis murias.
    water, from 4 to 6 inches long, and twisted into SHERBET, Scherbet — s . Orange, see Syrupus
    various knots and contortions. Colour pale. aurantii.
    brown , with dark extremities . It is conimon SHERRY, Sack , see Wine .
    in the intestines of the Laplanders; causing the SHIN , O'chrea . The spine or anterior part
    Col'ica Lappon'ica , in which the gripings are , of the tibia or leg. It is, also, called Antične'
    at times, exceedingly severe. mion , and Crea .
    SETAC EUM , Seto, Seton , from seta, ' a SHINGLES, Herpes zoster.
    bristle.' A long strip of fine linen or cotton SHORT, Sax. rceost , from rcipan , ' to cut,
    twist, passed through the skin and cellular to shear,' shored, shor'd , short, (F.) Court. A
    membrane , to keep up an issue ; or through word used, by anatomists, in opposition to
    suppurating cavities, between the fragments of long ; and to distinguish parts from each other
    fractured bones, & c., to fulfil certain indica- that have otherwise the same name.
    tions. The term is, also, applied to the issue so SHORT BONES , for example , are those in
    established . which the three dimensions — length , breadth ,
    The operation is simple. It consists in laying and thickness -- are nearly alike ; such are the
    hold ofa fold of skin, and passing aseton needle vertebræ ,bones of the carpus, tarsus, & c .
    through it, with the thread attached. Every SHOULDER -BLADE , Scapula.
    day a fresh portion of the thread is drawn SHOW. See Parturition .
    through the sore. SHOW-CHOO. See Spirit.
    Setons are established in many diseases ; -- in SHRUB. Perhaps from Arabic ,sharab ,' sy :
    obstinate ophthalmiæ , cephalalgiæ ; epilepsy, rup.' A compound of spirits, lemon juice, and
    thoracic and abdominal affections, &c .; but sugar.
    they are not as much used as formerly. SHUDDERING . Frem'itus, Phryagma,
    SETO , Setaceum . from ( G.) Schau der, Schauer, (F.) Fré
    SETON , Setaceum . missement, Tressaillement. A peculiar sensa
    SEVADILLA , Veratrum sabadilla. tion, felt either externally or internally ; and
    SEVATIO , Steatoma. which seems to be the result of a spasmodic
    SÉVRAGE, Weaning . Inovement of the parts, in which it occurs. A
    SEVUM , Pinguedo . slight feeling of cold sometimes accompanies
    SEVUM , Sebum, Stear, Adeps odilli. Suet , it. It is, at times, the result of a moral cause ,
    mutton suet. Pinguedo, (9. v.) and is often the precursor of shivering.
    The SEVUM PRÆPARA'TUM , Ovil'li Sedum SIAGON , Maxillary bone.
    Præpara'tum or prepared Suet, ( F. ) Graisse de SIAGO'NAGRA , from Oiaywv, “ the jaw ,'
    Mouton , Suif, is formed by cutting the suet in and aypa, ' a seizure .' A gouty or rheumatic
    pieces ; melting over a slow fire, and straining affection of the joint ofthe lower jaw.
    through linen . It is emollient , and is sometimes SIALACHUS, Salivation .
    boiled in milk , ( Zij to lbj,) and used in diarrhea SIA L'AGOGUE , Sialagogus, Sialogogue,
    and dysentery.Its principal employment is in Ptyalagogue, Plyas'magogue , Sali'rans, Apo
    the formation of plasters. phlegmatisans per os, from gradov, ' saliva,' and
    SEX, Secus, Genos, Physis. The physical layw, I expel.' That which provokes the se
    SIALISMA 633 SIGNUM

    cretion of saliva. Pyrethrum and mercury are SIFFLEMENT (F.) from siffler , to whistle. '
    sialagogues. Whistling.
    Sialagogues may be of two kinds : those SIFFLEMENT Module , ou chant des artères,
    which act through the circulation , and those " modulated whistling, or music of the arteries.
    which act immediately on the salivary organs. A kind of sound heard on auscultation, resem
    Mercury belongs to the former - the pyrethrum bling, at times, the humming of certain in
    to the latter class. The chief sialagogues are sects.
    armoracia , calamus , mezereum, pyrethrum , ta- The sound is chiefly met with in those la
    bacum , and zingiber. bouring under chlorosis.
    SIALISMA , Salivation . SIGE, Taciturnity.
    SIALOLO'GIA , from dialov, “ saliva ,' and SIGH , Suspirium .
    hoyos , ' a discourse . ' A treatise on the saliva. SIGHT, Vision-- 9. Askew, Dysopia lateralis
    SIALON , Saliva. -s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia-s .
    SIALOSYRIN GES, Salivary
    fistulæ . Feebleness
    of, Amblyopia
    .
    SIBARE , Phrenitis. SIGILLUM SALAMONIS , Convallaria poly
    SIBBENS, Siorens. An infectious disease gonatum - s . Virginitatis , Hymen .
    in the mountainous parts of Scotland, viewed SIGMATOID , Sigmoid.
    to be of the venereal kind . Sirin , in the Kel . SIGMOID , Sigmoi’dal, Sig'matoid. That
    tic, means raspberry ; and it is said that, in this which has the form of the Greek S or C ; from
    affection, fungi appear like raspberries. From sigma and eidos, resemblance."
    siwin , the inhabitants have mude, sievin , sibbin , The SIGMOID Cav'ities or Foss Æ of the Ul
    sibbens, and sivvens. By some, this affection na, (F.) Cavités ou Fosses sigmoides, are two
    is regarded as a complication of the venereal notches at the upper part of that bone : one for
    and itch . In the Orkueys , sibbens ineans itch . the reception of the humerus; the other for
    -Jamieson . that of the radius.
    SIBILUS, Tinnitus aurium . The Sigmoid or SemiLO'NAR Valves , Val
    SICCAN'TIA, Xeran'tica. (F.) Siccatifs. vulæ Sigmoidee , Proces'sus Sigmoïdes, ( F. )
    Drying medicines.--Galen . Valvules sigmoides ou semilunaires, are three
    SICCANTIA , Desiccativa. valvular folds, at the commencement of the
    SICCATIFS, Siccantia . pulmonary artery and aorta . These valves
    SICCATIO , Drying . have the form of a crescent, when applied
    SICCHA'SIA , Oix yaoia ,' disgust.' (9. v .) against the parietes of the vessel . When the
    distressing disgust for food ; such as is experi. blood is sent from the ventricles by their con
    enced by women with child. traction , the valves are applied against the
    SICIL'ICUM , Sic'lium , dixhiov. A weight sides of the vessel;
    the ventricle, but,depressed,
    they are during theand
    diastole of
    prevent
    of four drachms; and , according to some, of the blood from returning to the heart. “ At the
    only two drachms. middle of the convexity of each valve is a
    SICK , Sax. reoc, Eger, Ægro'lus, Nos'eros, small, hard , triangular granulum , called Cor .
    Noso'des, ( F.) Mulade. Labouring under dis- pusculum Arantii, which completely closes up
    ease . Such is its acceptation in old English, the passage . It is, also, called Corpusculum
    and generally in the United States. In Eng. Morgagni, and C. Sesamoideum , (F.) Globule
    land, it most commonly means, disorder of the d'Arantius.
    stomach , -nausea . The SigmoiD FLEXURE OF THE Colon is the
    SICKLY , Morbo'sus, Valetudina'rius, Adyn'- turn the colon takes immediately before its ter
    atos, ( F.) Maludif. One who is subject to be mination in the rectum .
    sick . SIGN , Signum , Semi'on , (F.) Signe. Any
    SICKNESS, FALLING , Epilepsy-s . of the present or past circumstance, afforded by the
    examination of a patient, or of matters concern
    Stomach, Vomiting .
    SICLIUM , Sicilicum . ing him , whence a conclusion may be drawn ,
    SICUA , Cupping glass. regarding the nature and seat of his disease .
    SICULA , Bela , Penis . The phenomena which precede the disease ,
    SICYEDON , Cauledon . are called unamnes'tic or commem'oratire signs ;
    SIDE , PAIN IN THE, Pleurodynia. -those which accompany it , are termed diag.
    SIDERA’TIO , Sydera'tio, from Sidus, ' a star,' nos'tic, if they reveal the nature or seat of the
    because the condition was thought to be pro- disease ;-prognos'tic, when they indicate its
    duced by the influence of the stars. The probable duration and termination .
    state of one struck suddenly , without apparent SIG NATURE, Signatu'ra, Signatio, Epis.
    cause, and as if by the influence of the stars . phagismos. This term was applied in the East
    The ancients comprised, under this name, dif- ern countries, in the middle ages, to mystic
    ferent morbid conditions, such as paralysis , characters of good or bad augury, with which
    apoplexy , and gangrene. it was pretended, that every one was marked
    SIDERATIO, A poplexy, Phrenitis—s. Ossis , by the star under which he was born.
    Spina ventosa. The SIGNATURES OF Plants meant certain
    SIDERATION , Astrobolismos. peculiarities in their conformation or colour,
    SIDERION , Ferramentum . by which they were judged proper for particu
    SIDERITIS , Teucrium chamepitys. lar diseases :-as in the case of the Lungwort,
    SIDEROS, Ferrum . Lirerwort, & c .
    SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito . SIGNES AVANT-COUREURS, Precursory
    SIELISMOS , Salivation, signs - 3. Précurseurs, Precursory signs .
    SIELON , Saliva. SIGNUM . See Parturition .
    80
    SILACH 634 SINUS

    SILACH , Silac. An Arabic word, used to part of the cranium . The parietal bones have
    designate thickening alsothe, eyelids,
    Palpebra'rum ; and, of Crassi'ties SINDON
    Alopecia.- Forest., been called sincipital bones, Ossa Cloth
    (F. ) Sindo, Linen. sincipitis.
    made at
    Stephanus Sidon in Phænicia . A small piece of rag , or a
    SİLE'NĒ VIRGIN'ICA , Ground Pink, Catch round pledget, supported by a ihread at its mid
    Fly. The root has been employed in decoction , dle, and introduced into the opening in the 2
    as an efficacious anthelmintic . cranium , made by the trephine. tel
    SILER MONTANUM , Laserpitium siler. SINEW , Tendon . 8
    SIL'IQUA , Cera'tion ; the carat. A weight SINGUL'TUS. Lynx, Lygmus, Clonus Sin -

    of about four grains . gultus, Hiccough, Hiccup, ( F.) Hoquet. A noise TO

    Siliqua ARABICA, Tamarindus — s. Dulcis, made by the sudden and involuntary contrac. Pa
    Ceratonium siliqua. tion of the diaphragm , and the simultaneous
    SILIQUASTRUM PLINII, Capsicum an. contraction of the glottis, which arrests the air
    nuum . in the trachea . It is a symptom of many more
    SILK , Sericum - s. Weed, common, Ascle- bid conditions, and especially of gangrene , but 8
    pias Syriaca - s. Worrn , see Sericum . occurs, frequently, in persons otherwise in good
    SILLON , Sulcus--s. Horizontal de la veine health . T:
    ombilicale, see Liver-s . Transversale, see Liver SINUEUX , Sinuous.
    -s. de la Veine cade inférieur, see Liver - s. de SINUOSITAS, Sinus. Cir

    la Veine porte, see Liver. SIN'UOUS, Sinud'sus, (F.) Sinueur . An


    SILPHIUM , Laserpitium . epithet given to certain ulcers, and especially
    SILVER, Argentum-s. Nitrate of, Argenti to certain fistulæ , which are lortuous.
    nitras. SINUS ARTERIOSUS, S. pulmonalis—s.
    SILYBUM, Carduus marianus. Caverneux, Cavernous sinus-s. Cavernosus ,
    SIMAROUBA , Quassia simarouba - s. Faux, Cavernous sinus - s. Cerebri , Ventricles of the
    Malpighia mourella. brain-s. Choroidien, S.quartus — s.Circularis, S.
    SIMITIUM , Plumbi subcarbonas. coronarius-s. Coronaire du cæur, see Cardiac
    SIMPLES. Medicinal herbs. One, skilled veins.
    in simples, is called a Simplist, a Rhizotomist.
    Sinus, Sinuo'sitas, Colpos, Abscon 'sio , Eu
    SIMPLISTS. See Simples. rycho'ria , ( F.) Clapier. Any cavity , the inte
    SIMUS, Camus. rior of which is more expanded than the en .
    SINAPELÆ'ON, from Oivani, mustard, ' trance. In this sense, anatomists have applied
    and chaior, oil.' Oil impregnated with mus- the term to cavities in certain bones of the be
    tard . head and face . It has been, also , applied to
    SINA'PIS, Sinapis nigra, Napus, Eru'ca , Si- certain venous canals , into which a number of the
    napē, Sinapi, Common Black Mustard,(F.)Mou- vessels empty themselves ; such as the sinuses
    tarde noire, Sénedé , Sanve. Family, Cruciferæ .of the dura mater and of the spine ; the sinus TE
    Sex . Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The seeds of the vena porta ; uterine sinuses , & c.
    are inodorous, when entire ; but , when bruised, In surgery, it means a long, narrow , hollow 00
    the odour is very pungent; taste bitterish and track , leading from some abscess, diseased
    acrid. They yield their virtues to water , and bone, & c .
    afford a bland oil by expression . SINUSES OF Bones. All these form part of
    The seeds are stimulant, diuretic, emetic , the nasal cavities. They are the frontal, sphe
    and rubefacient. They are, sometimes recom- noidal , maxillary , &c . The namehas also been Co
    mended to be swallowed whole, in dyspepsia, given, occasionally ,to the ethmoid and mastoid
    torpor of the bowels , & c . Externally, ihey cells.
    are applied in the form of cataplasm. See Si- The SINUSES OF THE DURA MATER , Sinus seu
    napism . Fistula seu Cavita'les seu Ventric'uli seu Tu ' .
    The White Mustard, Sinapis Alba ,is also used buli seu Sanguiduc'tus seu Receptacula Dura th
    medicinally . It is somewhat less pungent than matris are formed by a separation of the layers
    the black . The distilled oil -Oleum Sinapis of the dura mater, which actas a substitute for
    is a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. the outer membrane of veins . Bichat admits
    WHITEHEAD's Essence or Mustard consists only four great sinuses, of which all the others
    of oil of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of seem to be dependencies ;-the two lateral si
    spirit of rosemary : to which is added a small nuses, the straight sinus, and the longitudinal fa
    quantity of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated sinus. To the lateral sinuses belong,-- the pe th
    embrocation for rheumatism , &c. trous sinuses, superior and inferior ; the trans.
    Whitehead's ESSENCE OF Mustard Pulls verse sinus ; the carernous sinuses ; the corona i!
    consists of yellow resin and balsam of tolu , ry sinus, and the occipital sinuses. To the to
    enough to make into pills. straight sinus belongs the inferior longitudinal.
    SINAPISIS , Bole Armenian .. The longitudinal sinus , properly so called , has
    SINAPIS'MUS, from ourari, mustard . ' A no sinus under its dependence .
    cataplasm , of which mustard forms the basis ; Sinus Corona'Rius , Sinus circula'ris, S circu .
    and which is used for exciting redness, and la'ris Ridleyi. It surrounds, in a more or less St
    acting as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by regular manner, the pituitary fossa and gland,
    mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together, einptying itself into the corresponding cavern 向
    to the due consistence. See Cataplasma Sinapis. ous sinus by each of its extremities.
    SIN CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Bregma, Syn '. Sinus CoxÆ , see Cotyloid-s. Droit, S. quar
    ciput, Mesocrd'nium ; the top of the head .' The tus —s. Falciformis inferior, S. longitudinal, in .
    French use it synonymously with vertex . By ferior - s . Falciformis superior, s. longitudinal,
    some, it is applied to the frontal region or fore- superior - s. Fourth , Torcular Herophili - s. Ge
    SINUS 635 SIRUP

    næ pituitarius, Antrum of Highmore - s.Lacry- the transverse sinus, which they have called
    malis, Lachrymal sac - s. Latéraux, Sinuses, anterior occipital sinus.
    lateral - s. Magni, Sinuses, lateral - s. Maxilla- Sinus PULMONA'lis, S. sinis'ter cordis, Atrium
    ry , Antrum of Highmore - s.Médian, S. Longi . cordis sinis'trum , S. vena'rum pulmona'lium , S.
    tudinal superior- 5. Median, see Semicircular arteriosus, Saccus rena'rum prilmona'lium . The
    canals - s. Muliebris, Vagina - s. Occipitalis an- left auricle of the heart. See Auricula.
    terior, Sinus transversus--s. Perpendicularis, Sinus Quartus, S. perpendicula'ris, Sinus
    S. Quartus — s, Pituitarii frontis,Frontal sinuses choroïdien (Ch.,) Straight Sinus, (F.) Sinus droit.
    -s. Polymorphus, Cavernous sinus—s. Porta. This sinus, -triangular throughout ; wide pos
    rum, see Liver-s . Pudoris, Vagina-s . of the teriorly ; narrower anteriorly , slightly oblique
    Pulmonary veins, Auricle , left-s. Renum , Pel. downwards and backwards - passes along the
    vis of the kidney - s. Rhomboidal , Calamus base of the falx cerebri, from the termination of
    scriptorius - s. of the Septum ludicum , Ventri- the inferior longitudinal sinus to the torcular
    cle fifth - s. Sinister cordis, 8. pulmonalis—s . Herophili. It receives the inferior longitudinal
    Sphenoidalis, Cavernous sinus -- s. Straight, S. sinus, the veins of the lateral ventricles or cena
    quartus - s. Superciliares, Frontal sinuses -- s. Galeni, the superior cerebellous veins, &c.
    Transversi, Sinuses, lateral-s. Triangularis, S. SINUS TRANSVER'sus , S. occipita'lis anterior.
    longitudinal superior - s. Utriculosus, see Semi- This sinus lies transversely at the anterior part
    circular canals — s. des Vaisseaux seminifères, of the basilary process of the occipital bone. It
    Corpus Highinori- s. of the Vena cava, Auri- forms a communication between the two pe
    cles , right - s. Venarum cavarum , s . dexter trous sinuses , and the cavernous sinus of one
    cordis - s. Venarum pulmonalium , S. pulmona- side and those of the other. Its breadth is com
    lis -- s . Venosus, 8. dexter cordis. monly very great. It is situate between two
    SINUSES OF THE LARYNX, Ventricles of the layers of the dura mater, and presents, inter
    larynx. nally, a kind of cavernous tissue.
    Sinus Dexter Cordis , Sinus dena'rum cava '. SINUS UTERI'NI, U'lerine sinuses. A name
    rum , S. veno'sus, Saccus vena'rum cava'rum. given to cavities,formed by the uterine veins
    The right auricle of the heart : -Atrium cordis in the substance of the uterine parietes. They
    dentrum. See Auricula . are very large during pregnancy .
    SINUses , LATERAL, Sinus transver'si, S. mag . The Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depres.
    ni, S. laterales, ( F.) Sinus latéraux. Each of sions in the aorta and pulmonary artery, im
    these sinuses, distinguished into right and left, mediately opposite the semilunar valves. Their
    begins at the torcular Herophili , or confluencé use is to leave the edges of the valves free, so
    of the sinuses; and terminates at the sinus of that they can be caught by the refluent blood.
    the jugular vein . Where the aorta is about to send off the first
    Sisuses, LONGITUDINAL, $. longitudind'les. of its large branches, at the top of the thorax,
    These are two in number. it is of great size , and has been called the Large
    1. The SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL Sixus , S. fal- Sinus of l'alsalva.
    cifor'mis superior, S.triangula'ris, Sinus médian, SINUSES, VERÄTEBRAL , ( F. ) Sinus vertébraux.
    ( Ch.) A long, triangular canal; convex above, Two great venous sinuses, different from those
    concave below , which occupies the whole of of the dura mater, which extend the whole
    the upper edge of the falx cerebri. It is broad length of the vertebral canal, from the occipital
    behind, and much narrower before , where it foramen to the end of the sacrum , behind the
    commences by a cul-de-sac, at the crista galli of bodies of the vertebræ, before the dura mater,
    the ethmoid bone. It passes along the frontal and at the sides of the posterior vertebral liga
    or coronalcrest, sagittal suture , and the verti- ment. At their inner side , they communicate
    cal groove of the occipital bone. It receives with each other by means of branches, which
    several veins from the dura mater ; and all form true transverse sinuses. They are situate
    those that are spread over the convex andplane at the middle of the body of each vertebra,
    surfaces of the two hemispheres of the brain . passing under the posterior vertebral ligament.
    It discharges itself into the upper part of the They receive, at their middle part, the veins
    torcular Herophili. that arise in the spongy tissue of the vertebræ .
    2. The Inferior LONGITUDINAL Sinus , Sinus By their external side, the vertebral sinuses
    falcifor'mis inferior, Vena falcis cer'ebri.' This communicate with the posterior branches of the
    is much narrower than the last, and occupies vertebral, intercostal, and lumbar veins. At
    the inferior edge of the falx cerebri , from its their posterior side they receive the veins, which
    anterior third to the tentorium cerebelli, where creep on the prolongation of the dura mater
    it terminates, commonly by two branches, in that envelops the marrow.
    the straighit sinus. SIPAILIS, Syphilis.
    Sinus Occip'ital, Sinus occipita'lis. These SIPHITA PARVA , Chorea .
    sinuses commence at the sides of the foramen SIPHO URINÆ, Diabetes .
    magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend—becoming SIRA , Orpiment.
    broader and nearer each other - into the sub- SIRIASIS , Coup de Soleil, Insolation, Phre
    stance of the fals cerebelli, where they fre. nitis.
    quently unite. Each opens into the inferior SIRIASIS ÆGYPTIACA, Coup de Solcil.
    part of the torcular Herophili. They receive SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM , Santalum album.
    the veins of the falx cerebelli , of the dura ma- SIRIUS , Canicula.
    ter which lines the fossæ cerebelli, and of the SIROP DE CAPILLAIRE, See Adianthum
    posterior part of the cerebelluin. ' Haller and capillus veneris -- s. de Coralline, see Corallina
    Sommering have given them the name of pos Corsicana ,
    terior occipital sinuses, to distinguish them from SIRUP , Syrup.
    1

    SISON AMMI 636 SMILAX

    SISON AMMI . Family, Umbelliferæ . Sex. SKUE-SIGHT , Dysopia lateralis.


    Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The plant that af. SKULL-CAP, Scutellaria galericulata .
    fords the Ammi verum of the shops . ( F. ) Ammi SKUNK CABBAGE , Dracontium fætidum .
    des Boutiques. The seeds were once used as a SLATE , IRISH , Hibernicus lapis .
    carminative . SLATERS, Onisci aselli .
    The Sison Amo'mum , ( F.) Anome faux, is SLATKAIÁ TRAVA . See Spirit.
    considered to be excitant and diuretic. It is SLAV'ERING , from Saliva, Ptyalis'mus iners,
    the field honewort. Driv'elling, ( F.) Bade. Involuntary flow of
    SISYM'BRIUM NASTUR’TIUM , Nastur- saliva,from sluggishness of deglutition without
    tium aquaticum , Laver odora'tum , Crateresium , increased secretion . It is seen in the infant,
    Cressi, Cardami'ne fonta'na, Water Cress, ( F.) the aged , and the idiot.
    Cresson de fontaine. Family, Cruciferæ . Sex . SLEEP, Somnus, Sompnus, Sopor, Dormitio,
    Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Water cresses Hypnos, (F. ) Sommeil . Temporary interrup
    are commonly used in salad. They have ob- tion of our relations with external objects. A
    tained a place in the Materia Medica for their repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul
    antiscorbutic qualities. ties, and voluntary motion .
    SisymBRIUM MENTHRASTRUM , Mentha aqua. The act of quitting this condition is called
    tica. awaking, ( F.) Evigilation, Reveil . Sometimes
    SISYMBRIUM So'phia ; the Herb Sophia . So- this is progressive and natural ; at others, sud
    phia Chirurgoʻrum, Flix or Flur weed, (F.) Sa- den and starting, (F.) Reveil en sursaut, as in
    gesse des Chirurgiens. It was once reputed to nightmare, affections of the heart, hypochon
    be anthelmintic , and valuable in hysterical af- driasis , & c .
    fections. It is not used . SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia.
    SITICULOSUS. See Alterative . SLEEP-WALKING , Somnambulism .
    SITIS, Thirst - s. Morbosa, Polydipsia. SLING , ( G. ) Schlinge, Mitella . A
    SITOS , Aliment. bandage , employed to keep the forearm bent on
    SIUM , Sium nodifloʻrum , Creeping Water-par- the arm ,in cases of injury done to those parts,
    snep, ( F. ) Berle norliflore. Family, Umbelliferæ . in fracture of the clavicle, injury of the hands,
    Ser. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. It is stimulant, & c . A handkerchief is often sufficient for this
    and supposed to be diuretic and lithontriptic. purpose . It must be folded diagonally, and
    It is, sometimes, employed in cutaneous erup- tied, by the extremities,round the neck . The
    tions . French surgeons have used many varieties of
    Sium Ninst. The plant, whose root is called Echarpes or slings ; as the Grande écharpe,
    Radic Ninsi, Ninzin, Nindsin. This root was Écharpe moyenne, Petite écharpe, Écharpe de J.
    long supposed to be the same as ginseng,and it L.Petit, & c.
    possesses similar, though weaker properties . SLOE TREE , Prunus spinosa.
    SIVVENS, Sibbens . SLOUGH , Eschar.
    SKELETIA , Emaciation . SLUG , Limax.
    SKELETOLOGY, Sceletolo'gia , ( F. ) Squelet SLUMBER , Somnolency.
    tologie, from omedetos , “ a skeleton ,' and hoyos,SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens.
    • a discourse . ' A treatise on the solid parts of SMALL- POX, Variola - s. Modified, Vario
    the body. This part of anatomy comprehends loid .
    Osteology and Syndesmology . SMALT, Protor'ide of Cobalt, Smaltum , Sa
    SKEL'ETON , Scel'etum , from oxeleros, ca- fre, Azur, Blue Starch . This oxyd has been
    dar'er exsicca'tum , (F.) Squelette, Sceleton, a given in rheumatism , in the dose of ten to
    dried body ; from óxendo ,' dry .' The aggre. iwenty grains. A larger quantity excites vo
    gate of the hard parts of the body , or the bones. miting .
    A skeleton is found in almost all animals, al . SMARAG'DUS, ou doaydos, (F.) Émeraude.
    though it may not be always formed in the same Theemerald . It was formerly regarded as a tonic .
    manner. In some, as in the crustacea and tez- SMECTICA, Detergents.
    tacea, it is wholly or partly external. In others, SMECTIS, Cimolia terra.
    as in birds, the mammalia, & c ., it is internal. SMECTRIS , Cimolia terra. 4

    It serves as a support for other organs . On it SMEGMA , Sapo - s . Articulare , Synovia. 1


    the general shape of the body and of its va- SMELL , SENSE OF , Olfaction .
    rious parts is greatly dependent . When the SMELLING, Olfaction .
    bones are united by their natural ligaments , the SMILAX , Taxus baccata-s . Aspera Chinen
    skeleton is said to be natural ; when articulated sis, S. China—S. Aspera Peruviana, S. sarsa
    by means of wires , artificial. parilla.
    SKELETOPCA, Sceletopa'ia , from one- Smilas CHINA , China, China orienta'lis,
    T05, ' a skeleton,' and noemw , I 'make .' The Sankira , Gauquara , Smilax aspera Chinen'sis,
    part of practical anatomy which treats of the China Root, ( F.) Squine, Esquine. Family
    preparation of bones, and the construction of Smilaceæ. Ser . Syst. Diæcia Hexandria . For.
    skeletons. Bones are prepared to exhibit their merly much used in cutaneous and venereal
    conformation , structure ,chymical composition, affections.
    mode of development, and changes - the dif- Smilax Indica Spinosa , S. pseudo -China.
    ferent cavities formed by their union ; and to SMILAX PSEUDO -CHINA, Smilax Indica spi.
    demonstrate their connexions , relations, modes no'sa , China occidenta'lis, China spuria nodo'sa ;
    of union , & c . American or West India China. In scrofulous
    SKEVISCH , Erigeron Philadelphicum . disorders, the root has been often preferred to
    SKIN , Cutis. the oriental kind . In other cases, it possesses
    SKIRSE, Scirrhus. similar virtues.
    SMILE 637 SODA

    Smilax SARSAPARIL'LA , Sarsaparilla, Smi- SOAPWORT, Saponaria.


    lar as'pera Peruvid'na, Sarsu , Sarsa, Cariril- SOB , from Sax . reopian , ' to grieve . ' ' ( F. )
    lan'di, Iva Pecan'ga, Macapathi, Zarsa, Zarza- Sanglot . A spasmodic, sudden,and momentary
    parilla , (.America .) (F.) Salsepareille. The contraction of the diaphragm , immediately fol.
    root of the Sarsaparilla is inodorous ; taste bit- lowed by relaxation ; by which the little air,
    terish , feculaceous, and fibrous. It is of a dark that the contraction has caused to enter the
    colour externally ; white within. It is pos- chest, is driven out with noise . It is an evi
    sessed of diuretic and demulcent properties ; dence of corporeal or mental suffering.
    and has been often employed in the sequela of SOBRIETAS, Temperance .
    syphilis ; when , after a mercurial course, noc. SOCIA PAROTIDIS . See Parotid .
    turnal pains, ulcerations , &c. , continue. It has SOCI'ETY , Soci'etas, ( F. ) Société . An as .
    also been advised in scrofula, chronic rheuma- sociation for the promotion of some common
    tism , &c., but its efficacy is , to say the least of object.
    it, a matter of doubt . Dose , Dj' to 3j of the MED'ical Soci'ETIES, or associations of me
    powder. dical gentlemen for the promotion of science,
    SMILE , quan . A curved, two-edged bis- have been numerous, and productive of valua-
    ble results .
    toury . A knife, (q . v. )
    SMILEON , Scalpel. In the United States , societies exist in many
    SMYRNA , Myrrha. of the States , possessing the power of exu
    SMYRNISMOS , Embalming. mining into the qualifications of every one who
    SMYRÄNIUM OLUSA'TRUM , Hipposeli'- may be desirous of practising within their par
    num, Smyr'nium , Macero'na, Macedonis'ium, ticular jurisdiction . In some of the States,
    Herba Alexandri'na, Gri'elum , Agrioseli'num , however, the qualified and unqualified are per
    Alexanders. A plant, formerly cultivated for mitted to exercise their profession with equal
    culinary purposes. The seeds are bitter and privileges and immunities.
    aromatic, and the roots more powerfully bitter. Amongst the medical associations , that bave
    They have been recommended as resolvents, published , from time to time , their useful tran
    diuretics, emmenagogues , &c . sactions, are the following :
    SNAIL , Limax . AMERICA. - The Massuchusetts Medical So
    Snail's Shell, Cochlea. ciety ; the Physico -medical, and Medical Society
    SNAKEROOT, BLACK , Actæa racemosa- of ihe State of New York ; the College of Physi
    s . Button, Eryngium aquaticum - s. Canada, cians of Philadelphia,
    IN EUROPE.
    Asarum Canadense - s.Virginiana,Aristolochia : -The Association of Fellows and
    serpentaria . Licentiates of the King's and Queen's College of
    SNAKEWEED, Polygonum bistorta . Physicians of Ireland; the Medico - Chirurgical,
    SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica. and Phrenological Societies of Edinburgh ; the
    SNEEZING , from ( G.) Niesen , Clonus College of Physicians, the Medico - Chirurgical,
    Sternuta'tio, Sternuta'tiò, Sternutamen'túm , Ptar. and Medical Societies of London ; the Associated
    mos, (F.) Éternuement. A convulsive motion Apothecaries and Surgeon- Apothecaries of Eng.
    of the expiratory muscles, by which the air is lund and Wales , and the Provincial Medical and
    driven rapidly, and rushes sonorously , through Surgical Association ; the Royal Academy of Sur
    the nasal fossa , carrying with it the mucus gery, the Royal Society of Medicine, the Société
    and foreign bodies, which adhere to the pitui. Médicale d'Emulation, the Société de Médecine,
    tary membrane , and which have occasioned the the Royal Academy of Medicine, and the Société
    movement . Médicale d'Observation , of Paris; the Medico
    SNORING, Ronchus, Rhoncus, Stertor , Chirurgical Academy of Vienna; the Medical So
    Renchus, (F.) Ronflement. Noise made in the cieties of Berlin and Copenhagen , & c .,&c.
    posterior part of the mouth and nasal fosse In Asia. The Medical and Physical Society
    during the movements of inspiration , particu- of Calcutta .
    larly in sleep,both when the person is in health Valuable medical essays are likewise con
    and in disease , as in apoplexy. In certain affec- tained in the published Transactions of the Ame
    tions of the chest - in somecases of pulmonary rican Philosophical Society; of the Royal Societies
    catarrh-a kind of snoring may be distinctly of London , Edinburgh, Göttingen, &c .; of the
    heard by applying the ear, or the stethoscope , Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris; the Impe
    to the chest . rial Society of Sciences of St. Petersburg; the
    SNOW , Sax . rnaḥ , Nir, Chion, (F.) Neige. Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin ; the Aca
    Water, in a solid state, which falls from the demia Imperialis Leopoldina Naturre Curioso
    atmosphere in white fakes. It is used exter- rum , & c.
    nally , as a tonic and discutient. SODA . An Arabic word . Soda impu'ra ,
    SNUFF, CEPHALIC , Pulvis asari compo- Barilla, Bariglia , Bariſlor, Soda Hispan'ica,
    situs . Ana'tron, Natron, Ana'ton, Nitrum Antiquo'rum ,
    SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln, Gravedo Kelp , Aphroni'trum , Sal alkali'nus fixus fos'silis,
    neonato'rum , Rhinangia, Rhinanch'onë. Breath- Carbonas Sodæ im 'purus, Subcarbonas Soda
    ing, hard through the nose. An affection to impu'ra, Anachron. The mineral alkali, as soda
    which infants are liable . It is relieved by oil. is termed , is obtained from several sources ;
    ing the interior of the nostrils . naturally, in Egypt: artificially , from the in
    SOAP, Sapo - s. Berries, Sapindus saponaria cineration of marine plants ; and from the de
    -s. Castile, Sapo durus - s .of the Cocoa-nut oil , composition of sulphate of soda, & c. It is
    Sapo coconeus -- s. Common or soft, Sapo mol- principally , however, derived from plants grow
    lis — s.Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis-s . Spanish , ing on the sea-coast;—as the Salso'la sati'va,
    Bapo durus. S. soda, S. trugus, Salicor'nia herba'cea , Salicor.
    SODA 638 SOI- POUR - SOI

    nia Aravica, & c. The Barilla ashes are from Soda , PHOSPHATE OF, S. phosphora'ta, Sub
    the ashes of the Salicornia Europa'a :-the phosphate of protok'ide of Sodium , Phosphas
    Kelp, Soude de Varecq, from the Fucus vesiculo - Natricum, Nairum Oxyphosphoro'des, Subproto
    sus and other varieties : - the Turkey Barilla , phosphate of Sodium , Alkali minera'la phos
    Roquelle, Cendre du Levant, Rochet'ta Alexan- phora'tum , Tasteless purging salt, (F.) Sel ad .
    dri'na, from the Mesembryan'themum Cop'ti- mirable perle. Cathartic, in the dose of from
    cum :—the Alicant Barilla, Soda Alicanti'na , Zss to 3j .
    S. Ilonen'sis , from the Mesembryan'themum no- SODA , SUBCAR'BONATE OF , Soda Subcarbonas, 1
    diflo'rum :--and the Carthage'na Barilla, from Subcarbonate of prolox'ide of Sodium , Mephite
    the Salicornia and Salso'la . of Soda, Natron præpara'tum , Sal Sode , Salt of 1
    The impure subcarbonate , ( F. ) Soude du Soda , Flos Salis , Sagi'men Vitri, Salt of Baril 1
    commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, la , Sal alkali, Carbonas Sodæ, of some. ( F.)
    1
    potash , chloride of sodium , clay, and other Sous- carbonate de Soude . The impure subcar.
    earthy substances. It is chiefly used for pre- bonate ,dissolved in water ; the solution filtered 1
    paring the pure subcarbonate . and crystallized. Soluble in two parts of water
    Sova, Cardialgia, Pyrosis, at 60 ° . It is much used as an antacid ; and,also , 1
    Soda Aceta'ra, Soda Ace'tas, Acetate of as a deobstruent in scrofulous and other affec
    1
    Soda , Terra folia'ta minera'lis. This salt is tions. Dose , gr. x to 385 .
    used in similar cases with the acetate of potass . The dried Subcar bonate of Soda, Soda Sub 1

    Soda AERATA , Sodæ carbonas - s. Alonensis, car'bonas exsicca'ta , Carbonas Soda sicca'tum ,
    Soda — s. Bicarbonate of, Sodæ carbonas—s . Bo- | ( F . ) Sous-carbonate de Soude desséché, is em
    raxata , Borax . ployed as an antacid and lithontriptic. Dose ,
    Soda , CAR'BONATE OF , Soda Carbonas, Car- gr. x to xv . '
    bonas Nat'ricum , Soda Aera'ta , Bicar'bonnte Soda, SULPHATE OF , Soda Sulphas, Natron
    of Soda, Carbonate of protor'ide of So'dium , vitriola'tum , Sal cathar'ticus Glaube'ri; Alcali
    (F.), Carbonate de Soude, S. effervescente, s. minera'le sulphu'ricum , Natrum sulphu'ricum ,
    aérée, S. crayeuse. ( Sode subcarb. Ibj aquæ des- Soda vitriola'ia, Sulphas nat'ricus, Sal mirabilis
    till . Ibiij.) Dissolve the subcarbonate of soda , Glaube'ri, Ape'rient Salt of Frederick, Glauber's
    and pass carbonic acid through the solution ; Salts. Obtained from the salt that remains
    set it aside to crystallize . Its use is the same after the distillation of muriatic acid ; the super
    as the subcarbonate, than which it is less caus- abundant acid being saturated with subcar
    tic, and is better adapted for effervescing bonate of soda. It is soluble in three parts of
    draughts. water at 60 ° ; is purgative, and , in small doses,
    Soda Cau'stira , Proloxide of Sodium , Caus- diuretic. Dose , 3 vj to 3x.
    tic Soda, (F.) Soude caustique, S. à la Chaur, The LYMINGTON GLAUBER's Salts is a Sul
    Soude pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated phate of Magnesia and Soda, and is obtained
    by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its from the mother liquor of sea-water , or by
    carbonic acid. It may be used as a caustic , like dissolving Epsom salt in a solution of Glau
    the Potassa fusa, and is even preferable to it, as ber's salt.
    it does not deliquesce, and run . SODA , TARTRATE OF, Soda Tartariza'la, Tar'.
    SODA, CALON'IDE OF, Sodæ Chloridum , Soda tarized Soda, Sal Rupellen'sis ,Rochelle Salt, Sal
    Chloruretum , Oxymu'riate of Soda. This salt Polychres'tum Seignetti , S. Seignetti, Seignette's
    is used as a disinfecting agent ; both to remove Salt, Natron lartariza'tum , Tartris Potas' sæ et
    offensive smells in chambers, and to alter the Soda, Tartras Potas'se et Sode. ( Sode sub
    condition of fetid ulcers. carb ., p . 1 ; potass . supertart . , p . 3 ; aq . ferv ., p .
    Soda Hispanica , Soda-s. Hydrochlorate of, 15.) Dissolve the subcarbonate in water; and
    Soda, muriate of - s. Mephite of, S. subcarbo- add, gradually , the supertartrate. Filter the
    nate of. solution, and crystallize. It is a gentle ca
    Sova, Muriate of , Soda murias, Soda mu-thartic.
    ria'ta, S. muriat'ica, Alkali minera'le sali'num ,
    Dose, 3ss to zj.
    Soda VITRIOLATA, S. sulphate of.
    Sal commu'nis, Sal culina'ris, Sal fon'tium , Sal SoDÆ Boras , Borax - s. Boras alcalescens,
    gemme, Sal mari'nus, Natron muria'tum , Sal Borax-s. Boras supersaturus, Borax - s. Car
    albus, Nutrum muriaticum , Common salt, Sea bonas, Soda- s . subcarbonate of - s. Carbonas
    salt, Hydrochlorinas Natricus, Salfos'silis, Sal impurus, Soda - s. Chloras, Soda, chlorate of
    lucidum , Muria , Rock salt , Bay sali, White salt, s . Murias, Soda, muriate of - s. Nitras, Soda ,
    Quadrichlo'ruret of Sodium , Hydrochlo'rate of nitrate of - s. Subboras, Borax — s. Subcarbonas
    protoi'ide of Sodium , Hydrochlorate of Soda, impura, Soda.
    "Chlorure'tum So'dii, Chloride of Sodium , ( F. ) SODII CHLORURETUM , Soda, mu
    Sel de Cuisine. In an impure state, this salt is riate of.
    one of the most abundant of natural produc- SODIUM , Carbonate of protoxide of, Soda
    tions. It is soluble in 3 parts of water , and is carbonas--s. chloride of, Soda, muriate of — s.
    tonic, purgative,and anthelmintic. Externally , Protonitrate of, Soda, nitrate of — s. Protoxide
    stimulant . It is a well known and useful culi- of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of - s. Pro
    nary substance. toxide of, Soda caustica-s . Protoxide of, nitrate
    SODA , NITRATE OF , Soda Nitras, Alkali of, Soda , nitrate of- s. Protoxide of, phosphate
    minera'lēnitratum , Nitrum Cubicum , Nitrate of of, Soda, phosphate of - s. Protoxide of, sub
    protoz'ide of Sodium , Protoni'trate of Sodiun , carbonate of, Soda , subcarbonate of—s . Quadri
    Nitrum Rhomboida'lē , Nitras Natricum . Ita vir: chloruret of, Soda , muriate of - s . Subborate of
    tues are similar to those of the nitrate of potass, proloxide of, Borax --s. Subprotoborate of, Borax
    for which it has been substituted . -s. Subprotophosphate of, soda,phosphate of.
    SODA , OXYMURIATE OF , Soda, chlorate of. SOI- POUR-SO1 , Self for self.' A law of
    SOIE 639 SOLUBILITY

    development, indicated by M. St. Hilaire ; by the system of thegreat sympathetic. This vast
    which like parts unite to like parts, and which plexus , lying on the vertebral column, the aorta,
    is occasionally seen in cases ofmonstrosity,when and the pillars of the diaphragm , has a very ir:
    two fætuses are united by the ischia , Tor ex- regular shape. The ganglions and filaments,
    ample. composing it, are soft, reddish, and almost all
    SOIE, Se um . issue froin the semilunar ganglions. It receives,
    SOIF, Thirst - s. Excessite , Polydipsia. also, branches from the pneuinogastric. It seeing
    SOLÁMEN INTESTINORUŃ , Pinupinella to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and ac .
    anisum-s. Scabiosorum , Fumaria . companies all its branches ; furnishing many
    SOLA'NUM , S. nigrum , S. vulga'rë , Com- secondary plexuses, which are called the infra
    mon Nightshade ; Garden Nightshade, (F.) Mo-diaphragmatie, cæliac, superior mesenteric, infe
    relle à fruit noir. Family, Solaneæ. Ser. Syst. riormesenteric, renalor emulgent, spermatic, &c.
    Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic poison.- SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella.
    The Huile de Morelle is made , by macerating in SOLE , Solum , Pédion ,Peza, Pelma , Planta'.
    oil, for several days, the leaves and fruit of this ris superficies pedis, Facies concava seu inferior
    plant. The oil is anodyne and discutient. seu Planum seu Concarum seu Pars inferior
    SOLANUM DULCAMA'RA ; the Bittersweet, Dul- seu Planities seu Plantu Pedis , (F. ) Plante du
    camara, Solanum Scandens, Glycipicros, Amara Pied. The sole of the foot; the under surface
    dulcis, Solanum ligno'sum, orquyros, of Theo of the foot.
    phrastus, Woody Nightshade, ( F. ) Douce-amère, SOLÉAIRE , Soleus.
    Morelle grimpante. The taste of the twigs is SOLEN , Cradle.
    bitter, followed by sweetness ; hence its name. SOLENA'RIUM , from owany, ' a canal.' An
    It has been used in many diseases, as a diuretic instrument of surgery, representing a kind of
    and sudorific, especially in chronic rheumatism, gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was
    humoral asthma, dropsy, various skin diseases, placed, like a limb in a cradle, (q.v.) - Galen.
    scrofula, and jaundice . Dose in powder, Dj The word Solen itself-- owaru, Cana'lis - was
    to 3j. used, in antiquity, for a grooved channel, in
    SOLANUM EscULENTUM , S. tuberosum - s. which a fractured limb was placed .
    Fætidum , Datura stramonium - s. Furiosum , SOLE'US, Gastrocnemius inter'nus, Tibio .
    Atropa belladonna - s. Lethale, Atropa bella- calcanien , (Ch .; ) (F.) Soléaire, from solea, “ a
    donna - s. Lignosum , S. dulcamara. sole of a shoe . ' A muscle , situate at the poste
    SOLANUM Lycoper'sicum ; the Love-apple rior part of the leg. It is broad , flat, and almost
    plant. The fruit of this, called Toma'ta or oval; and is attached, above , to the posterior
    Love-apple, ( F.) Pomme d'Amour, is much eaten edge of the fibula, to the oblique line on the
    in the United States; and with the French , posterior surface, and to the inner edge of the
    Spaniards , Portuguese, & c .,forms an esteemed tibia . It terminates, helow , by a large tendon ,
    sauce . which unites to that of the gastrocnemius ex.
    SOLANUM MAGNUM VIRGINIANUM RUBRUM , ternus, to form the tendo Achillis. This mus
    Phytolacca decandra -- s. Maniacum , Atropa cle extends the foot on the leg, and conversely.
    belladonna — s. Maniacum , Datura stramonium SOLID , Solidus, Stereos . A body , whose
    -s. Melanocerasus, Atropa belladonna -- s. ni- integrant molecules are so united by the force
    grum , Solanum . of cohesion , that they will not separate by their
    SOLANUM MELON'GENA , Melongena, Egg plant, own weight. The solids, in the human body ,
    (F.) Aubergine. The Mud Apple plant ; a native are the bones, cartilages, tendons, muscles,
    of Asia ,Africa, and America. Its oblong,egg. ligaments, arteries, veins, nerves, membranes,
    shaped fruit, Pomum Melon'genæ, Malum insa'- skin , & c . The anatomy, or rather study , of
    num , is prepared in soups and sauces in those the solids, is called Stereology, from ot&p=05,
    countries, like the tomata . “ solid ,' and Loyos, ' a discourse.
    SOLANúm RACEMOSUM AMERICANUM , Phyto- SOLIDA'GO VIRGAU'REA , Virga aurea ,
    lacca decandra - s. Scandens , S. dulcamara . Herba do'rea, Cony'za coma auren , Sym'phytum ,
    SOLANUM SANCTUM ; the Palestine Nightshade. Petre'um , Elich'rysum , Consolida Saracen'ica,
    The fruit of this is globular , and is much eaten Golden Rod. Nat . Ord . Compositæ Corymbi
    in the countries where it is a native. feræ . Sez. Syst. Syngenesia superflua. ( F.)
    SOLANUM TUBEROS'um , Bata'bas , Solanum Verge d'or. The leaves and flowers have been
    esculen'tum , Pupas America 'nus, Pappus Ame- recommended as aperients and tonics, in uri
    rica'nus, America'num Tubero'sum , Batta'la Vir- nary diseases, and in internal hemorrhage .
    ginia 'na ; the Pota'to, ( F.) Ponime de Terre. SOL'IDISM . The doctrine of those physi
    A native of Peru . A nutritious and wholesome cians , who refer all diseases to alterations of
    vegetable ; one of the most useful , indeed , that the solid parts of the body. To the believers
    exists. One hundred pounds of potatos afford in this doctrine, the appellation Solidist has
    ten pounds of starch, which is equal to arrow- been given .
    root, as a nutrient and demulcent. It is called The Solidists think , that the solids alone are
    Potato Flour, P. Starch , French Sago, Petit endowed with vital properties; that they alone
    Sague, Common Arrow - root, &c . can receive the impression of morbific agents,
    SOLANUM Urens,Capsicum annuum - s. Vesi- and be the seat of pathological phenomena.
    carium, Physalis --s . Vulgare , Solanum . Solidism is , perhaps , the prevalent doctrine of
    SOLAR , Solaris. Having rays like the sun. the present day. It is scarcely necessary to
    The Solar PLEXUS, Centrum commu'nē, Cer'- say , that, in all our investigations, the condi
    ebrum abdomina'le. A collection of ganglions tion of both solids and fluids must be regarded.
    und filaments, interweaving and anastomosing SOLIUM , Baignoire.
    with each other repeatedly , and belonging to SOLUBILITY, Solubil'ilas. That property
    SOLUM 640 SOMNIUM

    of a body , by virtue of which it can be dissolved ammoniæ acetatis - s. of Acetate of morphine ,


    in a menstruum .
    Liquor morphine acetatis -- s. of Alkaline iron ,
    Liquor ferri alkalini- s . of Alum , compound ,
    TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES Liquor aluminis compositus - s .of Ammoniated
    IN WATER.
    copper, Liquor cupri ammoniati — s . Arsenical,
    Solubility in 100 parts Liquor arsenicalis - s. of Charcoal, concen .
    water .
    NAMES OF SALTS. trated, see Tinctura catechu-s. of Corrosive
    at 60 ° . at 212. sublimate, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis - s.
    Acids. Fowler's, Liquor arsenicalis - s. of Hydriodate
    Benzoic , 0.208 4.17 of potass, Liquor potassæ hydriodatis—s. of
    Citric , 133 200 Iron ,nitrated , see Tinctura ferri muriatis - s. of
    Oxalic, 50 100
    Tartaric, very soluble Lime , Liquor calcis - s. of Monro , Liquor of
    Monro - s. of Oxymuriate of mercury , Liquor
    Salts. hydrargyri oxymuriatis—s. Plenck's , see Hy
    Acetate of Potass, 100
    Soda, 35 drargyri oxydum cinereum - s. de Potasse, Li
    Carbonate of Ammonia , 50 quor Potasse - s . of Potass, Liquor potassæ - s.
    Magnesia , 2 of Subacetate of Lead , Liquor plumbi subace
    Potass , 25 tatis—s. of Subacetate of lead , diluted, Liquor
    Soda , plumbi subacetatis dilutus - s . of Subcarbonate
    Chlorate Potass , 6 40
    Soda , 35 35 of potass, Liquor potassæ subcarbonatis - s . of
    Muriate of Ammonia , 33 100 Tartarized antimony , Vinum antimonii tarta
    Lime , 200
    100
    rizati — s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri
    Magnesia, oxymuriatis.
    Potass, 33
    Soda, 35.42 36.16 SOLUTIVUS , Laxative.
    Nitrate of Potass , 14.25 100 SOLVENS MINERALE, Liquor arsenicalis.
    33 100
    Soda ,
    Phosphate of Soda , 25 50
    SOLVENT , (F.) Fondant,from solveré, ' to
    Sulphate of Ammonia , 50 100
    dissolve .' A inedicine supposed to possess the
    Copper, 25 50 property of dissolving or removing obstructions
    Iron , 50 100 and extraneous substances. Thus we have
    Magnesia, 100 133 solvents of the stone in the bladder, & c .
    Potass, 6.25 20
    Soda, 37 125 Solvent , MINERAL, Liquor arsenicalis.
    Subborate of Soda, 8.4 16.8 Solvents , Dissolventia.
    Supersulphate of Potass, 5.0 100 SOMA , Body, Corpus.
    Supertartrate of Potass, 1.5
    25
    3.3 SOMACETICS, Gymnastics.
    Tartrate of Potass, SOMATOL'OGY, Somatologia ,from one ,
    Tartrate of Potass and Soda, 20
    Antimony , 6.6 33 the body ,' and 2oyos, ' a discourse . A trea
    Potass , tise on the human body . Anatomy, (q . v .)
    SOMATOTOMY , Anatomy.
    SOLUM , Sole . SOMMEIL , Sleep.
    SOLUTIO ALEXITERIA GAUBIANA , SOMNAM'BULISM , Somnambulu'tio , Hyp
    see Disinfection — . Ammoniæ subcarbonatis, nobate'sis, Hypnob'asis , Selenoga'mia , Nycto
    Liquor ammoniæ subcarbonatis - s. Arsenicalis, bate'sis, Seleniasis, Selenias'mus, Somnambulis'
    Liquor arsenicalis - s. Arsenicata, Liquor arse- mus, Nyctob'asis, Noctambula'tio, Paroni'ria
    nicalis - s. Arsenitis kalicæ, Liquor arsenicalis am'bulans, Sleep -walking, Noctisur'gium , Onei
    -s. Calcis, Liquor calcis-s. Camphoreæ æthe- rodynia acti'va , Somno-vigil. A condition of
    rea , Tinctura æthe camphorata - s. Cam- the brain , which occasions the individual to
    phoræ oleosa, Linimentum camphoræs.Gua- execute, during sleep, some of those actions
    iaci gummosa, Mistura guaiaci - s. Muriatis that commonly take place when awake. It has
    barytæ, Baryta, muriate of - s. Muriatis calcis, been imagined, that the somnambulist is guided
    see Calcis murias- s. Muriatis Ferrici ætherea, solely by his internal senses ; but there are
    Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico -æthereus ferri— many facts which induce the belief that the
    s. Muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati, Liquor hy- external senses are not always entirely sus
    drargyri oxymuriatis-- s. Resina Guaiaci aquo- pended. The causes ofsomnambulism are very
    sa, Mistura Guaiaci - s. Subcarbonatis ammo- obscure ; and the principal indication of treat
    niaci spirituosa, Spiritus ammoniæ. ment is, --so to arrange the bed - chamber of the
    SOLUTIO Sulpha'tis CUPRI Compos'Ita, somnambulist , that he cannot get out of it
    Aqua vitriol'ica cæru'lea, Sydenham's Styptic during sleep ; and to avoid suppers, as well as
    Water. ( Sulph. cupri, ziij, alum ., acid. sulph ., all bodily and mental excitement.
    ää Zij, aquæ , 3 viij: dissolve, and filter.) MAGNET'ic or ARTIFICIAL SOMNAMBULISM
    SOLUTION, Solu'tio, Lysis, (F.) Dissolution. is that peculiar nervous condition , into which
    An operation, which consists in dissolving a individuals have been occasionally thrown by
    solid body in a menstruum . Likewise, the pro- the Animal Magnetizer. It has occurred only
    duct of such operation . in those of weak nervous temperament; in hys
    It means, also, with many, the termination terical females, &c .
    of a disease : - with others, a termination ac- SOMNAMBU'LIST, Somnam'bulus, Hyp
    companied by critical signs ;-and , with others , nol'ates ; from somnus, ' sleep ,' and ambulare,
    again , it is synonymous with crisis. to walk ,' Noctam'bulus. A sleep-walker.
    A SOLUTION OF Continu’ITY is any division SOMNIFEROUS, Hypnoticus, Soporif'ic,
    of parts previously continuous ;-as a wound,a Soporif'crous, Soporati'ous. A medicine, which
    fracture , &c. causes sleep.
    SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA, Liquor SOMNIUM, Enyp’nion, Insomnium ,a Dream ,
    SOMNO- VIGIL 641 SORDES

    (F.) Rève, Songe. A confused assemblage, or ac- in . It has been used for laying hold of small
    cidental and involuntary combination of ideas calculi in the urethra.
    and images, which present themselves to the SONDE DE VARECQ, Soda.
    mind during sleep . Dr. S. Mitchell, of New SONGE, Somnium .
    York , used the word Somnium to signify the SONUS VOCIS , Accent.
    state between sleeping and waking, in which SOOJA . See Dolichos .
    persons perform acts of which they are uncon. SOOT , Fuligo - s. Wart, Cancer, chimney
    scious. sweeper's.
    For ' waking dreams,' see Hallucination . SOPHIA , Sisymbrium sophia - s. Chirurgo
    Those distressing dreams which occurduring rum , Sisymbrium sophia .
    a state of half sleep, are called , by the French , SOPHISTICATION , Falsification .
    Révasseries. SOPHOʻRA HEPTAPHYL'LA , Anticho
    SOMNO - VIGIL , Somnambulism .
    Leguminose. Sez. Syst. De
    SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolen'tia , Heaviness, ler'ica. candria Family,
    Monogynia . The root and seeds of this
    Carus Lethar'gus Cataph'ora, Cataphora, Coma shrub are intensely bitter, and are said to have
    Somnolen'tum , Caro'sis, Slumber, ( F. ) Assoupis. been found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery,
    sement. A state intermediate between sleep- &c.
    ing and waking. It is often a symptom of dis- Sophora TinctO'RIA ; Podalyria Tinctoria ,
    ease .
    SOMNUS , Sleep. Indigof'era, Wild Indigo, Indigo Weed , Broom .
    An American plant, the taste of whose root is
    SOMPNUS , Sleep. unpleasant, subacrid , and nauseous - very simi
    SON , Furfur. lar to Ipecacuanha. In a large dose, the bark
    SONCHUS OLERA'CEUS, Cicer'bita , Soro of the root acts both as an emetic and cathartic,
    Thistle ,(F.) Laiteron dour. Family, Cichoraceæ. It has been considered antiseptic and febrifuge,
    Most of the species of Sonchus abound with a and has been used, in the form of fomentation
    milky juice, which is very bitter, and said to or cataplasm , in phagedenic and gangrenous
    possess diuretic virtues. ulcers . A liniment, prepared by simmering
    SONDE, Sound , Specillum . the cortical part of the root in cream , has been
    SONDE CANNELEE , Director. found an efficacious application to sore nipples
    SONDE D'ANEL . A very fine stylet of silver, and to ulcerated breasts. - Coxe.
    awl- shaped at one end . It is used for probing SOPHROSYNE , Temperance.
    the lachrymal passages through the punctum SOPOR. A profound sleep, (q. v. ) from
    lachrymale. which the person can be roused with difficulty.
    SONDE DE BelloC . An instrument, invented It is a symptom in many of the neuroses.
    by Belloc for plugging tbe nasal fossæ in cases Sopor CAROTICUS , Carus.
    of hemorrhage. It consists of a curved , silver SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous.
    canula, open at both ends, and furnished with SOPORIFIC , Somniferous.
    a button . The instrument is passed through the SORA , Essera.
    nares to the throat ; and a plug is attached to the SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica.
    button , so that, when the instrument is drawn SORBASTRELLA , Pimpinella saxifraga.
    forwards through the nose , the posterior nostril SORBEFA'CIENT , Sorbefaciens, from sor
    is stopped . bere ' to suck in,' and fa'cere, ' to make .' A re
    SONDE BRISEE (F. ) Eyed probe. A long, medy that promotes absorption .
    straight stylet, composed of two parts, which The following are the chief Sorbefacients.
    may be screwed to each other ; blunt at one end ,
    and furnished, at the other, with an eye : so Acida Vegetabilia , Spongia usta ,
    that it may be used either as a probe for punc- Alkalia ,
    tured wounds , or for a seton needle . Ammoniacum, Compression ,
    Brominum , (Methodical )
    SONDE A CONDUCTEUR ( F.) A modifi Galbanum , Friction,
    cation of the ordinary catheter ;-to facilitate Hydrargyri Præparata , Mental Sorbefacients,
    the changing of catheters, without the fear of Iodinum , ( Imagination , Emotions.)
    making false passages. It is a common catheter, Liquor Calcis Muriatis,
    open at its beak. The Stylet or Mandrin is one
    half longer than that of the ordinary catheter. SORBIER DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu
    To use the instrument, the stylet is pushed into paria.
    the cavity of the bladder through the catheter. SORBUM . See Sorbus domestica .
    The latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over SORBUS , Cratægus aria ,S. domestica.
    the stylet, which is kept in its place , and serves SORBUS AcuPa'ria , Mes'pilus, Mountain Ser
    as a guide to a fresh catheter. vice, Mountain Ash, Quicken_Tree, Roan Tree,
    SONDE DE LAFOREST. A small, crooked ca- (F.) Sorbier des Oiseleurs. The berries of this
    nula, used for probing the nasal duct from be . tree are employed for similar purposes as the
    low upwards,and for throwing up injections last.
    into it. Sorbus Domes'tica , Sorbus, Oie, Service or
    Sonde op PINCE DE HUNTER. A cylindrical , Sorb Tree, ( F. ) Cormier. Family, Rosaceæ.
    silver canula ; of the size of a common catheter; Ser. Syst. Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of
    open at both extremities, and containing a wire this tree , Sorbu m, is astringent, and has been
    of iron, one of the ends of which is split into recommended in diarrhea and dysentery. It is
    two parts ; each being terminated by a small given in the form of rob. A kind of cider is
    scoop, and separating from each other by virtue made from it, and also brandy.
    of their elasticity, when pushed out of the SORDES , Rhypos. A dirty - looking sanies,
    canula, and again approximatingwhen drawn discharged from ulcers. The French call an
    81
    SORE 642 SPARADRAPUM

    ulcer, exhibiting such an appearance, sordid. Subaxoideus - s. Clavier , Subclavius -- s. Cos


    Also , dirt of any kind . taux , Intercostals. Cutané , Subcutaneus - s ,
    Sordes, Ichor, Saburra -- s. Ventris, Excre- Epineur, Infra -spinatus - s.Lingual, Sublingual
    ment .
    SORE , Ulcer.
    s. Murillaire, Submaxillary - s. Marillo-labial,
    Depressor anguli oris -- s. Mental, Submental
    Sort, Bay . A disease , which Mosely con. s. Métacarpo-luteri-phalangien , Prior annularis
    siders to be a true cancer. It is endemic in s. Optico-sphéno-scléroticien . Rectus inferior
    the Bay of Honduras. oculi - s. Orbitaire , Suborbitar - s. Pubio-coccy .
    Sore THROAT, Cynanche-s . Putrid, Cy- gien , Levator ani - s. Pubio-créti-tibial, Gracilis
    nanche inaligna -- s. Throat, ulcerous, Cynanche -s. Pubio-prétibial, Gracilis- s. Pubio trochanté
    maligna. rien -erterne, Obturator externus- s. Pubio -tro
    SORENESS, from Teut. seer, ( G.) Sehr, chantérien-interne, Obturator internus-s. Sca
    very , Sax . rar, Parap'sis acris teneritu'do. pulaire, Subscapularis -- s. Scupulo-trochinien ,
    Painful uneasiness or tenderness , local or ge- Subscapularis - s. Sels, see Salt.
    neral , on being touched with a pressure , that SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum
    does not usually excite distressing feeling. -s . Field , Artemisia campestris - s. Maritime ,
    Often , a febrile symptom . Also, the tender- Artemisia ' maritima — s. Tartarian , Artemisia
    ness of a wound , ulcer, &c . santonica.
    SORGHUM , Panicum Italicum . SOWBREAD , Arthanita , Cyclamen .
    SORORIA’TIO . The period at which the SOY. See Dolichos soja.
    breasts of the female become developed . A SPA , MINERAL WATERS OF . A town
    young maiden , whose mamme begin to show 7 miles S. E. of Liége, where there are several
    was formerly called sororians virgo. — Plautus. springs, possessing a sharp, acidulous laste ;
    SORREL, COMMON , Rumex acetosa - s. containing much carbonic acid, carbonates of
    French , Rumex scutatus - s. Garden, Rumes iron, lime, and magnesia : subcarbonate of soda,
    scutatus - s. Salt of, Potass, oxalate of- s . Ro- and muriate of soda. The water is much used
    man , Rumex scutatus . as a tonic .
    SOTIREL'LA . Ancient name of a medicine, ARTIFICIAL SPA WATER . Soda subcarb ., gr.
    composed of opium , several narcotics, nutmeg , vij; magnesiæ carbon . Əj ; limat, ferri, gr . iij ,
    saffron, camp hor, and soot. It was used in cer- sodæ muriat ., gr. j; aque, lbiij. Impregnate
    tain diseases of the teeth . with gas from marble powder and sulph . acid .,
    SOUBRESAUT , Subsultus tendinum . аа Эх.
    SOUCHERLOON , Bit noben .
    SPADO , Eunuch .
    SOUCHET DES ÍNDES, Curcuma longa SPADONES . See Castrati .
    s. Odorant, Cyperus longus— . Rond, Cyperus
    rotundus SPAG'IRISTS, from onew, I separate ,' and
    .
    SOUCI, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia— aytigo),"
    pretendedI to
    assembl e . for
    account A sect
    the of physicathat
    changes ns,who
    oc
    s. des Champs, Calendula arvensis.
    SOUDE AERÉ,Sodæ carbonas - s. Borate cur in the human body in health and disease ,in
    sursaturé de , Borax - 3. Carbonate de , Sodæ car. the same manner as the chymists, of their day ,
    bonas-- s. Caustique, Soda caustica - s . à la explained those of the inorganic kingdom.
    Chaur, Soda caustica-s. du Commerce, Soda - Medici'na Spagir/ica was, likewise, called Her
    s. Crayeuse, Sodæ carbonas- s. Effervescente, metica; because it was believed that the means
    Sodæ carbonas - s. Pure , Soda caustica - s. Sous- of cure , adopted in it, had been found in the
    borate de, Borax-s. Souscarbonatede, Soda, sub. books of Hermes.
    carbonate of. SPAGYRIA , Chymistry.
    SOUFFLE . See Murmur, respiratory . SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum.
    Sulphur SPANISH FLY , Cantharis.
    sub SPANO
    SOUFRE, Sulphur-s. Sublimé, POʻGON, from onaros, rare,' and
    limatum .
    SOUND , Specill'um , Stylus, Exploratorium. Tuyor , beard.' Loss of beard, or thinness of
    An instrument used , by surgeons, to discorer beard . - Vogel.
    whether there is a stone in the bladder . It is The Greeks called those who had little beard ,
    usually made of highly polished steel, and is or who had lostit, Spanopogo'nes, onaro.royares.
    shaped like the catheter. SPARADRAPIER, the name of a machine
    (F. ) Sonde. [ This word has, however, a more for spreading sparadraps. A Plaster machine. It
    extensive signification. It means, different in consists of a table, with two raised pieces ,
    struments, introduced into cavities of certain movable, and furnished with points ; by which
    organs , or into wounds, fistulas , & c . to investi . the cloth can be stretched, and a lamina or blade
    gate their condition ; or to fulfil some therapeu- of metal to extend the plaster over it.
    tical indication . ] See Sonde. SPARADRA'PUM , Sparudrapus, Tela em
    SOUND, Bruits. Bellows, Rasp , Saw, &c . plas'tica, Spandurapum , (F.) Sparadrap. Any
    see Bruit - s. Auricular, Apyromele. adhesive plaster spread upon linen or paper.
    SOUNDING , Searching. The chief sparadraps are the following :
    SOUPIR , Sigh . SPARADRAPUM Pro Fontic'ulis,
    Issue Plas.
    SOURCIL , Supercilium . ter ; which is sometimes made of simple diu.
    SOURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii , Super- chylon, Ibij; Burgundy pitch , and sarcocolla , each
    ciliary . common turpentine, 5j . Spread upon linen
    SOURDS -MUETS. See Mutitas surdorum . Giv and ;polished with a moistened calendering glass
    SOURIS , Nictation. rubber .
    SOUS- ACROMIO -CLAVI-HUMÉRAL, Del. SPARADRAPUM VIRIDE, Corn l'laster . This
    toid-s . Alloidien , Subatloideus --s. wxoidien , may be made of yellow wax , ibij; Burgundy
    SPARAGMA 643 SPECULARIS

    pitch, Zxij ; common turpentine, 3vj; verdigris, SPASMOL'OGY, Spasmologia, from onag
    ziij, spread on cloth , and polished. cos , ' spasm ,' and 2 oyos, ' a treatise .' A treatise
    Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow war , on spasms.
    Itij; Venue Turpentine, zij ;verdigris , 3j. SPASMOTICUS, Spasticus, Spasmod'ic.
    SPARADRAPUM seu TELA GALTERI, Defensive Any thing relating to spasm . Also, an anti
    Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier . This is made of spasmodic. Morbi constricto'rii,M. spasmotici,
    olive oil, lõss ; suet , Ziv ; war, Zx ; litharge, com- & c .,are diseases accompanied with spasm .
    mon turpentine, thus, and mastich, aa zij; bole SPASMUS , Convulsion-s. Glottidis, Asth
    armeniac, flour, aà 3.1. Pour it, while liquid , ma thymicum - s. Maxillæ inferioris, Trismus.
    upon cloth, and spread. To issues , and to keep SPASNIA . A term , used by Mercurialis to
    on dressings. designate the lancinating pain, produced, at
    S PARADRAPUN AD HÆSI' V UM, Adhe'- times , in the chest by violent fits of coughing.
    side Plaster . A spread plaster of the Emplas- SPASTICUS, Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm .
    trum adhæsitum , ( q . v .) It is, also , called SPATHA , Hypaleiptron .
    Strapping. SPATHES'TER , from 07ư0), ' I draw.' ( ?)
    The English Court Plaster is a Sparadrap, A surgical instrument, used for drawing the
    (F.) Taffetas agglutinatif, T. gommé, Taffetas prepuce over the glans, when too short .- P.
    d'Angleterre, Ser'icum An 'glicum , Emplas'trum Amman .
    Anglicum , E. Anglica'num , E.adhæsi'vum Wood- SPATHOMELE , Spatula .
    stock'ii, E. Ichthyocolla tele induc'tum , E. Glu- SPATAULA FETIDA , Iris fætidissima .
    tino'sum, Tela Ichthyocolla glu'tinans. It is made SPATILĒ, onatur, human excrement. ' A
    by stretching black silk, and brushing it over liquid fecal evacuation . Excrement, ( q. v.)
    with a solution of isinglass 3j, in proof spirit, Hippocr.
    Zxij, to which tincl.benz. Zij, are added. When SPATULA, Diminutive Spa'tha, orain
    dry,this is repeated five times; after this, two a broad-sword .'. Spathome'leof, oragomerang Spec,
    coats are given it of a solution of tereb, chia cill'um latum . An instrument , used for spread
    ziv, in tinct.benz .Z vj , which renders it less liable ing plasters , stirring ointments, &c.
    to crack.
    SPARAGMA, Laceration . SPEARWORT, Ranunculus flammula .
    SPARAGMOS, Spasm . SPECIES, Powders, compound - s. Aroma
    SPARAL'LIUM , Cluster uteri'nus. An in- ticæ, Pulvis cinnamomicompositus - s. Diacin
    jection into the vagina - Ruland and Johnson . namomi , Pulvis cinnamomicompositus-s . Dia.
    SPAREDIA , a ligature , covered with the cretæ, Pulvis cretæ compos. - s. Diajalape,Pul .
    white of egg. – Paracelsus. vis jala pæ compositus - s. Diambræ sine odoratis,
    SPAR GANON, ona @yavov, swathing Pulvis cinnamomicompositus - s. Diatragacan
    clothes ;' forming a kind of bandage ,with which the frigide, Pulvis tragacanthæ compositus-s .
    children were formerly surrounded . - Foësius. Hieræ picræ , Pulvis aloes cum canella - s.
    Also , Fascia . ( q. v.) Latificantes Rhazis, Pulvis cinnamomi compo
    SPARGANO'SIS, Intumescen'tia lactea mam- situs - s. e Scordio cum opio , Pulvis cretæ com
    ma'rum , Mastodynia polygala , 07unyarwoes, from positus cum opio - s. e. Scordio sine opio, Pul
    σπαργάω , I swell . ' Extreine distention of the vis cretæ compositus.
    breasts by milk . - Galen . SPECIFICUM PARACELSI , Potassæ sul
    SPARGANOSIS PUERPERARUM , Phlegmatia do- phas. SPECIFIC , Specif'icus. A substance to
    lens.
    SPARROWGRASS , Asparagus. which is attributed the property of removing,
    SPARTIUM SCOPA'RIUM , Genis'ta, Broom , directly , one disease rather than any other. It
    Cytiso-genista ,G.Tinctoʻria, (F.) Génct. Family, is doubtful whether any such remedy exists.
    Leguminose. Ser. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Mercury in syphilis, and sulphur in the itch
    Broom Tops - Spartii Cacu'mina - have a bitter have been regarded as the strongest examples
    taste , and are possessed of diuretic properties. we possess,
    They have been used in dropsies. Dose, of the SPECIL'LUM , Melē, Stylus , from spe'cio, ' I
    powder, Dj to zj. All the genistæ have similar examine,'-- Specla'rion, Spicil'lum: a probe, ( F.)
    virtues . Stylet , Sonde , (q. v.) A surgical instrument,
    A decoction of the genista, along with cau- employed for examining wounds, fistulas , and
    terization of the pustules under the tongue, has for passing setons, & c . It is usually formed
    been recommended in hydrophobia . of silver ; and is terminated , at one end, by an
    SPASM , 0.1000 Os , Sparagʻmos, from Otaw , olive-shaped button . The eyed probe has an
    • I draw . The Greeks gave this name to all aperture at the other extremity.
    kinds of convulsion . It is now usually applied SPECILLUM , Everriculum, Hypaleiptron,
    to involuntary , muscular contractions; and Sound -- s. Auricularium , Apyromele -- s. Ce
    these , again , have been divided into tonic reum , Bougie - s. Latum , Spatula -- s. Minus,
    spasms ( see Tetanus ,) which consist in com- Melotis.
    plete rigidity and immobility of the muscles, SPECLARION , Specillum .
    that are the seat of it ; and into clonic spasms, SPEC'TACLES , Conspicilla, (F. ) Besicles,
    which consist in alternate contractions and re- Lunettes ordinaires, Conserves. Glasses to as
    laxations , ( see Convulsion .) sist the sight; arranged so as to be adapted to
    Cullen has a class, Spasmi . both eyes at the same time. These glasses are
    SPASM , Clonic , Convulsion - s. Cynic, see more or less concave or conver, according as the
    Canine laugh - s. with Rigidity , Tetanus. sight is more or less short ( Myopic ;) or long
    SPASMODES , Convulsive . ( Presbyopic.)
    SPASMODIC , Spasmoticus. ' SPECULA'RIS LAPIS . A transparent mi
    SPECULUM 644 SPERMATOCELE
    neral, but of what nature is not clear, which was \tions to the spermatic chord , and divides into
    formerly employed in epilepsy. two fasciculi of branches, one of which goes to
    SPECULUM , Catop'ter, Catop'tron, Diop'- the testicle, -- the other to the epididymis. In
    tron . In Latin , " a mirror. ' In surgery, it the female, the spermatic artery dips into the
    means different instruments for dilating cavi. pelvis, and passes to the ovarium , Fallopian
    ties, and facilitating their examination. See tube , and round ligament.
    Dilator. There are various instruments of this The SPERMATIC VEins are two or three in
    kind - the S. Ani, S. Matri'cis, S. Oculi, S. Oris number, on each side. They accompany the
    ( (F.) Baillon ,) S. Gutturis, s. Vesicæ. spermatic artery, and open :-: - ihose
    SPECULUM " CITRINUM , Orpiment — s, Indi- into the vena cava inferior those ofofthe
    theright,
    left,
    cum , Ferrilimatura - s. Lucidum , $. lucidum- into the corresponding renal vein. These veins
    8. Oris , Glossocatochus - s. Veneris, Achillea form, above the testicle, a kind of venous net
    millefolium .
    SPEECH , Voice , articulated. work, called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ;
    SPEECHLESSNESS, Mutitas. and another plexus before the psoas muscle,
    called the Corpus pampiniforme.
    SPEEDWELL , Brooklime, Veronica becca The SPERMATIC PLEXUSES of ,nerves , Plexus
    bunga - s. Femalé, Antirhinum elatine - s. Of- testiculares , are two in number andare fur
    ficinal, Veronica.
    SPELTRUM , Zincum . nished by the renal plexuses. Their filaments,
    SPERM , Spermatic fluid or liquor, Sem'inal called Spermatic
    the same nerdes,
    name to the followinthe
    testicle manarteries of
    ; and to
    fluid, Seed , ſemen, $. viri'le seu masculinum ,the ovary and Fallopian tube in the female.
    Genita'lę, Humor genita'lis seu semina’lis, Uri'na They cannotbe traced into the substance of
    genita'lis, Genitura, Sperma, S. viri'le,Tho'rë, those organs.
    Tho'rus, Lac maris, Male's milk , Propagatory or
    genital liquor, V'ita'le virus, Vital or quickening Funicul us Spermaticus
    The SPERMATIC , Corpusvarico'sum
    or TESTIC'ULAR CHORD,,
    venum , from atripw, • 1 sow . A whitish , viscid
    fluid , of a peculiar smell, secreted by the testi- | (F .) Cordon spermatique ou testiculaire. The
    cles, whenceit is carried by the vasa deferentia vascular and nervous chord , hy which the tes
    to the vesiculæ seminales, to be thrown into the ticle is suspended. It is composed of the sper
    vagina, during coition, through the ejaculatory matic artery and veins ; of other smallvessels ;
    ducts and the urethra. It is the fecundating of lymphatics;of nervous filaments from the
    fuid , and must come into actual contact with spermatic plexus, and from the genito -crural
    the germ of the female. The Aura sen'inis is branch of the lumbo-abdominal plexus; of the
    incapable of effecting fecundation. The semen, yas deferens ; and, very often, of afibro -cellu
    at the time of emission , composed of two dif- | lar chord, which unites the peritoneum to the
    ferent fluids; the one liquid and milky, which upper part of the tunica vaginalis, and in which,
    is considered to be the secretion of the pro- encysted hydrocele of the spermatic chord oc
    state ;-the other, white , and as thick as muci- curs. All these parts are united together by a
    lage, the product of the testicular secretion . very lax , cellular tissue, and surrounded by
    The sperm contains, according to Vauquelin, coats, which , reckoning from without, are ;
    900 parts of water,50 of animal mucilage, 10 1. The skin and cellular membrane. 2. A fibro .
    of soda, and 30 of calcareous phosphate. cellular membrane, formed by the fascia super
    Microscopic observations seem to show ,that, ficialis. 3. A very thin layer, formed by fibres
    like many other animal secretions, it contains of the cremaster muscle, united archwise be
    animalcules - Spermatozo'a, (q. v .) fore, and often , also, behind, the chord. 4. The
    By carefulexamination, according to Wagner, proper sheath of the spermatic vessels, or the
    other minute, round , granulated bodies may al tubular prolongation , furnished by the fascia
    most always be detected, which are in all cases transversalis to the chord, on a level with the
    much less numerous than the spermatozoa. superior orifice of the inguinal canal. The
    These bodies he calls seminal granules, (q. v.) spermatic chord is commonly shorter on the
    Pure sperm , he considers, in its most perfect right side than on the left ; and of a different
    state , consists principally of seminal animal size in different individuals. It ascends,almost
    cules and seminal granules. Both of which are vertically, from the superior margin of the tes
    enveloped in a smallquantity of fluid . ticle , as far as the lower orifice of the inguinal
    SPERMACETI, Cetaceum - s. Whale , see canal; passes through this canal , and enters
    Cetaceum . the abdomen, crossing the epigastric artery .
    SPERMACRASIA , Spermatorrhæa. Here it forms an evident elbow, directing its
    SPERMAT'IC ,Spermal'icus,Semina'lis.That course backward. At this part, also, the or
    which relates to the sperm . A name given to gans, composing it, separate from each other :
    different parts, connected with the organs of to-the vas deferens descending into the pelvis
    generation. pass behind the bladder ;-the blood vessels
    The SPERMATIC ARTERIES , A. Spermatica, and lymphatics ascending towards the lumbar
    A. præparan'tes, Artères testiculaires, A. de region , &c.
    l'ovaire (Ch .,) are two in number ;-one on The SPERMATIC PASsages or Ways , l'iæ
    each side ,-and arise from the sides of theaorta, Spermaticæ , are the canals concerned in the
    sometimes from the renal arteries. They de- excretion of semen .
    seend, almost vertically, at the sides of the ver- SPERMATOCE'LE, Hernia semina'lis Sero
    tebral column,and are distributed differently in ti, Oscheocele semind'lis, Gonoce'le ,from onequa ,
    the two sexes. In man , the spermatic artery , " sperm ,' and xnan , ' a tumour.' The ancients
    situate at the side of the vas deferens, issues by gave this name to certain swellings of the tes.
    the abdominal ring ; gives numerous raunifica- ticle, which were regarded as produced by an
    SPERMATOID 645 SPHENOID

    accumulation of sperm in the organ . Also, va- SPHENO -OR'BITAR . A name given , by
    ricocele (q. v .) Béclard , to the anterior part of the body of the
    SPERMATOID , Gonoides. sphenoid bone , which is developed by a varia
    numberof points of ossification
    SPERMATOLOGY, Spermatologia, from bleSPHENO-PAL'ATINE .
    Oneque, ' sperm ,' and noyos, ' a discourse .' A , Sphenopalati'nus.
    treatise on sperm . T'hat which relates to the sphenoid and palate
    SPERMATOPCE'US, Spermatopoieus, from bones.
    Onsqua, ' sperm ,' and 110181v, ' to make .' ' Food , The FORAMEN SPHENO- PALATINUM is a round
    to which has been attributed the property of aperture , formed by the vertical portion of the
    augmenting the secretion of semen ; and , con- os palati and the sphenoid. It establishes a
    sequently of exciting the venereal act. Very communication between the nasal fosse and
    succulent and very nutritious substances have the zygomatic fossa .
    been so considered . The SPHENO- PALATINE ARTERY , or Large
    SPERMATORR'HEA, Spermorrha'a, Sper - lateral nasal, is the termination of the internal
    macra'sia, Gonacra'siu , Gonacrati'a, (F.) Flux maxillary. It enters at the posterior part of the
    de Sperme. An involuntary emission of sperm , superior meatus of the nose, through the spheno
    without copulation . See Gonorrhea and Pol. palatine foramen, and spreads its numerous
    lution (q. v. ) branches on the pituitary membrane covering
    SPERMATOR RH @ A ATONICA, Gonorrhea the septum , the cornua, and the meatus.
    laxorum . The SpAENO-PALATINE GANGLION, orGanglion
    SPERMATOZOA, from onequa, ' sperm ,' of Meckel, Sphenoï'dal G. (Ch.) A small, ner
    and coor, animal.' Zoospermes. Spermatic vous, cordiform ,or triangular ganglion, of varia
    animalcules. Animalcules seen in the sperm , ble size , situate without the foramen sphæno
    and by some supposed to be the formative palatinum, in the pterygo-maxillary fissure . It
    agentsin generation. seems suspended, by several nervous filaments,
    SPERMORRHEA , Spermatorrhea. to the trunk of the superior maxillary nerve,
    SPHACELIA SEGETUM . See Ergot. and gives off internal or spheno -palatine fila
    SPHACELISMUS , Sphacelus. ments, inferior or palatine filaments, and a pos
    SPHAC" ELUS, opaxedos, Gangre'na Spha- terior filament,which is the Vidian or pterygoid
    celus, Sphacelis'mus. This word is used, by nerve.
    some, synonymously with Gangrene (q . v .;) Tlie SPHENO -PALATINE NERVES or Lateral
    by others, with gangrene when it occupies the nasal, arise from the ganglion - just described
    whole substance of a limb. Commonly, it ---at its inner part, and enter the nasalfossæ by
    means the disorganized portion, in cases of the spheno -palatine foramen. They are 5 or 6
    mortification , which must be thrown off — is, in in number, and distribute their filaments to the
    other words, totally dead. The foul, disorga- outer and inner parietes of the nasalisfossæ . One
    nized portion of an ulcer - called the slough- of the most remarkable branches the Nuso
    must be considered a kind of sphacelus. palatine, ( q. v.)
    SPHÆRA , Pila . SPHENO-Palatinus, Levator palati.
    Sphxra MARINA, Pila marina. SPHENO PARIETAL , Spheno -parieta'lis.
    SPHÆRA THALASSIA , Pila marina. That which belongs or relates to the sphenoid
    SPHÆRANTHUS INDICUS , Adaca. and parietal bones.
    SPHÆRIDION , Pilula. The Sphero -PARIETAL SUTURE is formed by
    SPHÆRION , Globule , Pilula. the articulation of the extremity of the greater
    SPHÆROCEPHALA ' ELATIOR, Echi. ala of the sphenoid with the anterior and in
    nops . ferior angle of the parietal bone .
    SPHÆROCOCCUS CRISPUS, Fucus cris . SPHENO -PTERYGO -PALATINUS, Cir
    pus . cumflexus — s. Salpingo -staphylinus, Circum
    SPHAGE, Throat. flex .
    SPHENDONE , Funda. SPHENO -STAPHYLINUS, Levator palati.
    SPHENI-SALPINGO -MALLIEN, Laxator SPHENO - TEM'PORAL, Spheno -tempord'lis.
    tympani. That which belongs to the sphenoid and tem
    SPHENO -MAX'ILLARY, Sphæno-marilla'- poral bones.
    ris. That which relates to the sphenoid and The SPHENO-TEMPORAL SUTURE is the suture
    maxillary bones. at the articulation of the great alæ of the sphe
    The SPHENO-MAXILLARY or INFERIOR OR'bi- noid bone with the squamous portion of the
    TAR FISSURE, (F.) Fente sphéno -maxillaire ou temporal. Béclard gives the name- spheno
    temporal— to the posterior part of the body of
    orbitaire inférieure, called, also, Foru'men lac''-
    erum inferius, F. spheno -maxillarē, is situate the sphenoid, which is developed by distinct
    at the posterior part of the angle, formed by the points of ossification .
    union of the internal and inferior parietes of SPHENOID , Sphenoïdes Os, from oprv, ' a
    the orbit. It is constituted, above, by the sphe- wedge,' and sidos, ' resemblance.' Os basila'ne
    noid bone ; below , by the superior" maxillary seu cuneifor'më seu cu'neo compara'tum , seu
    and palate bones ; and, before, by the malar sphenoida'le, seu multifor'më, seu azygos, seu
    bone. It is narrower at the middle than at the papilla'rë, seu polymorphon, seu parilla're, seu
    extremities, and forms a communication be- bazilla'rë, seu alæformě, seu sphecoi'des , seu
    tween the orbitar cavity and the zygomatic fossa. Despiformē, seu inconjuga'tum , Pter'ygoid Bone.
    The SPHENO-MAXILLARY Fossa, is a name An azygous bone, situate on the median line,
    given, by some anatomists, to a depression at and at the base of the cranium . It articulates
    the union of the spheno-maxillary and pterygo- with all the other bones of that cavity ; sup
    maxillary fissures. ports them , and strengthens their union. Its
    SPIENOIDAL 646 SPIGELIA

    form is singular, and resembles a bat with its tical from before to behind ; flattened, and
    wings extended . ' It has , 1. An inferior or gut- pierced at its middle . Its fibres describe con
    tural surface, on which is situate the crista , that centric arcs , which are attached, behind, to the
    joins the voiner; a channel , which concurs in extremity of the coccyx , by a dense , cellular
    forming the piery go-palatine foramen ; the substance; and are confounded, anteriorly, with
    pterygoid process ; the pterygoid fossa; the the bulbo-cavernosi and transversus perinæi
    scaphoid depression ; the Vidian or pterygoid muscles. This muscle contracts and closes the
    canal ; the foramina - ovale, spinale, & c . 2. anus.
    A superior or cerebral surface , on which are :- 2. The inner or internal Sphincter Ani, Sphinc
    the clinoid processes ; the pituitary fossa ; the ter intestina'lis of Winslow, is, by many anato
    foramina (ovale, rotundum , and spinale ;) the mists, considered as the termination of the cir .
    Apophysis of Ingrassias or lesser wing ; the cular fibres of the rectum . It is annular, and
    foramen opticum , &c. 3. An occipital or pos- situate around the inferior extremity of the
    terior surface, which is articulated with the rectum, to the extent of about a finger's breadth .
    basilary process of the occipital bone. 4. An It has the same uses as the other.
    anterior or orbito -nasal surface ; having, an- Sponcter GULÆ , Constrictores pharyngis
    teriorly , a crista to unite with the ethmoid -s. llei , Bauhin , valve of — s. Intestinalis,
    bone ; and, on each side, a round aperture , Sphincter ani internus -- s. Labiorum , Orbico
    which leads into two cavities in the substance
    laris oris -- s. Oculi , Orbicularis palpebrarum
    of the bone, separated by a middle septum , and
    s . Palpebrarum , Orbicularis palpebrarum-s .
    called the sphenoidal sinuses. 5. Two zygo.Pylori, see Pylorus - s. Vagine, Constrictores
    mato-temporal or external surfaces, which cor-
    cunni-- s. Ventriculi, Pylorus.
    respond to the temporal and zygomatic fossæ . SPHINCTER VESI'CÆ, Sphincter of the bladder .
    Some divide the sphenoid into body or mid .
    Some anatomists have given this name to
    dle portion ; and ale , which are four in number,
    whitish , elastic , and circular fibres, which sur
    and are subdivided into great ( Temporal Plates
    round the neck of the bladder, but do not con
    or Wings ) and little (Apophyses of Ingrassias.)
    stitute a particular muscle . Morgagni has
    The Sphenoid sulure surrounds the bone. given the name Pseudo -SPHINCTER to the an
    Spheroid, Spinous Proc ESS OF THE , Sphe .
    terior fibres of the levator ani , which pass be
    noidal spine. neath the neck of the bladder, and , by their
    SPHENOI'DAL , Sphenoida'lis. That which contraction, close that opening.
    belongs or relates to the sphenoid . SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA , from
    The Cornua SPHENOIDA'Lia , Cornets sphé- oopayış , ' a seal,' ovvč, ' the nail ,' agyos , ' white ,
    noïdaur, Cornets de Bertin , Ossa triangula'ria, or perhaps apyvoos, silver, and zouw, ‘ I
    Pyramids of Wistar. Two small, thin , and adorn .' A charlatan who adorned his fingers
    curved bones, situate between the sphenoid and to the very nails with rings .- Aristophanes.
    ethmoid, with which they are confounded, in Hippocrates.
    the adult. They have the shape of a hollow SPHYG'MICA ARS, from covypos, the
    pyramid , with the base turned backwards; and pulse.' The art of judging by the pulse, in
    are developed by a single point of ossification . health or disease .
    They are articulated with the sphenoid , eth- SPHYGMOCEPHALUS, Crotaphe.
    moid, palate bone , and vomer. SPHYGMOLO'GIA , from oyuynos, ' the
    The Sphenoidal or SUPE'RIOR On'BITARY pulse,' and loyos,' a description . The doctrine
    FISSURE , Fora'men lac'erum supe'rius, ( F. ) of the pulse.
    Fente sphénoïdale, is a large fissure, situate be- SPHYGMOMETER , Pulsilegium .
    tween the great and little ala of the sphenoid . SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse .
    It is seen at the upper and back part of the SPHYRA , Malleolus.
    orbit, between which and the cranium it is a SPHYXIS , Pulsation .
    means of communication . SPIC, Lavendula.
    The Sphenoidal Spine, (F.) Épine sphénoï- SPICA , Fascia Inguina'lis ; the Spica band
    dale, Spinous Process of the Sphenoid;-1.A pro- age, ( F.) Epi. A bandage, so called in conse.
    jecting crista at the inferior surface of the quence of its somewhat resembling a spike of
    sphenoid bone, for articulation with the vomer. barley. The turns of the bandage cross like
    2. A triangular process, Apophyse sous-tem- the letter V ;-each leaving a third of the roller
    porale, (Ch.) met with near the posterior mar- uncovered. It is distinguished into ascending
    gin of the same bone, behind the foramen and descending. It may be applied over various
    spinale. At the point of the spinous process , a parts of the body ; and in a different manner
    styloid process is frequently met with . in each case : thus , there is the Spica inguina'.
    SPHENOIDES, Cuneiform . lis, Spica inguina'lis dupler, the spica for the
    SPHENOSIS. See Wedged . shoulder, and another for the thumb.
    SPHEX , Wasp . Spica ALPINA, Valeriana Celtica -- s. Celtica ,
    SPHINCTER, Conetric'tor; from oplyyn , ' I Valeriana Celtica- s . Indica, Nardus Indica - s.
    constrict. ' A name given to several ' annular Nardi, Nardus Indica. Myrtus pimenta
    muscles , which constrict or close certain na- SPICES , FOUR . See .
    tural openings . SPICILLUM , Specillum .
    Sphincter ANI , Annula'ris Ani. Many ana- SPIDERWORT, Liliago .
    tomists have described two sphincter muscles SPIGELIA MARILAN'DICA , Anthelmia ,
    of the anus ;-viz. 1. The S. exter'nus, Aspidis'. Spige'lia Lonic''era , Peren'nial Wormgrass or
    cos, $. cutaneus, Coccygio-cutané-sphincter , Or. Indian Pink, Caroli'na Pink. Nat . Orier, Gen
    bicula'ris Recti , Constrictor Ani, Coccygio-anal, tianeæ. Class, Pentandria . Order, Monogynia.
    (Ch . ) It is situate around the anus; is ellip- Indigenous. The root is celebrated as an an
    SPIGNEL 647 SPINAL

    thelmintic , particularly in cases of lumbrici. It SPINÆ VENTOSITAS, Spina ventosa .


    is, also, asserted to have been found serviceable SPINAGE , Spinacia.
    in remittent fever . It is a narootico -acrid .
    Dose , gr. x to gss . SPINAL, Spina'lis, from spina , “ the spine . '
    That which relates to the vertebral column .
    SPIGNEL , Æthusa meum . The SPINAL ARTERIES are two in number,
    SPIKENARD , Conyza squarrosa , Nardus viz: 1. The posterior spinal, Artère médiane
    Indica.
    SPILANTHUS ACMEL'LA, Achmella , Ac- postérieure du Rachis, ( ch .) Itarises from the
    mella, Balm -leaved Spilanthus. Family, Corym- vertebral , near
    descends on the the corpora
    posterio pyramidalia,
    r surface and
    of the spinal
    bifera . Ser. Syst.Syngenesia Polygamia æqua- marrow, distributing its ramifications to it. ?.
    lis. This plant possesses glutinous,
    a bitter The anteriorspinal médiane anté
    artery , A.
    taste, and fragrant smell. The herb and seed rieure, (Ch.,) is larger than the last, and arises,
    are said to be diuretic and emmenagogue. They also, fromthe vertebral. It descends, in a ser:
    have been used in dropsies , jaundice, fluor al pentinemanner, upon the anterior surface of
    bus, and calculous complaints ; -- given in infu . the marrow ; furnishes ramusculi to it, and
    sion .
    Spilanthus , BALM-LEAVED , Spilanthus ac- unites with that opposite side , opposite
    of theoccipitis.
    the foramen magnum Avery tortu
    mella .
    Spilanti'us OlERA'CEUS , Spear-leaved Spi- ous branch
    scends as fararises
    as thefrominferior
    this union , which
    extremity de
    of the
    lanthus, (F.) Cresson de Para. A tinctureof marrow , to which it sends numerous divisions.
    the plant has been recommended in toothache .
    SPILOSIS ,Epichrosis - s.Ephelis, Ephelides is The
    also term
    given Spinal
    , in thearteries or Rachidian arteries
    abstract, to all the arteries
    -5. Poliosis, Poliosis .
    SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC of the spinal marrow and vertebral canal . The
    DROPS . An empirical preparation , formed of same may be said of the veins and nerves.
    hydrarg. orymur., rad . gentian. , cort. aurant. Spinal Cord , Medulla spinalis — s. Prolonga
    sicc., aā zij,antimon, crud., santal.rubr. áă zj,tion, Medulla spinalis.
    spiritus rini rectif., aquæ , aa Z viij. SPINAL IRRITATION , Rhachialgi'tis. A mo
    SPINA, Spine, ( F. ) Epine. " A process on the dern pathological view ,which refers most ner
    surface of a bone, which has been compared to vous diseases to irritation of the spinal cord.
    the spines or thornson certain vegetables. The This irritation is presumed to be indicated by
    chief processes of this name, are :-the nasal tenderness on pressure over the spinous pro
    spine, the spine of the scapula, the spine of the cess of one or more vertebræ , or overthe nerves
    ischium, the fouriliacspines, the palutine spine, proceeding from the cord and distributed to the
    the maxillary, the sphenoid, & c. * The spine of parts at the sides of the spine. Such tender
    the back is the collection of vertebræ consti- ness, however , by no means indicates the patho
    tuting the vertebral column , (q . v .) logical condition in question, as it is often met
    Spina, Penis-s . Acida, Oxycantha Galeni- with in those enjoying perfect health .
    s . Ægyptiaca, see Acaciæ gummi- s. Alba,Car- The treatment advised is cupping and counter
    duus marianus,Mespilus oxyacantha -- s. Bifida, irritation on each side of the spine, which may
    Hydroracbis - s. Cervina, Řhamnus - s. Dorsi , be beneficial in such diseases, no matter what
    Vertebral column - s. Ferrea, Pin ---s. Helmon- part of the frame may be in a morbid state , by
    tii. Aiguillon - s. Hirci , Astragalus verus—s. exciting a new and revellent impression on a
    Infectoria, Rhamnus. very sensible portion of the cutaneous surface.
    Spina VENTO'SA , Spine rentos'itas, Tere'do, The Spinal Nerve , Accessory of the Par
    Fungus Artic'uli, Arthroc'acē, Pædarthroc'ace, ragum or 8th pair, Accessory nerve of Willis,
    White Swelling, (of some,) Sidera'tio Ossis, Can- Spinal Accessory, Spino-cranio-trapézien, Supe
    cer Ossis, Gangre'na Ossis, Erosto'sis. A term rior res'piratory N.,Eleventh pair of encephalic
    of no definite meaning, as is obvious from these nerves, Trachélo -dorsal, (Ch.) arises from the
    various words having been considered its syno- medulla spinalis, within the vertebral canal,
    nymes. By some , it is defined to be-a disease between the anterior and posterior roots of the
    of the osseous system , in which the texture of cervical nerves, at a greater or less distance
    the bone dilates, seeming to be distended with from the cranium . The roots unite to form the
    air, and constituting a variety of osteo-sarcoma. nerve, which ascends into the cranium through
    By others, it is considered to be a tumour arising the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, and
    from an internal caries of a bone ; occurring issues by the foramen lacerum posterius, cross
    - most frequently in the carpus or tarsus . The ing the sterno- cleido-mastoideus, to which it
    term itself is a translation from the Arabic of gives filaments, and losing itself entirely on the
    Rhazes .
    trapezius muscle .
    Spina VENTOSA , Hydrarthrus, Mollities os- The Srinal ForAM'INA , (F.) Trous rachidiens,
    sium - 9. Vertebralis, Vertebral column. in the abstract, are the foramina, formed by
    SPINACH , Spinacia . every two contiguous vertebræ, through which
    SPINA'CIA , Spina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea, the spinalnerves issue . See Vertebral.
    Spin'age, Spinach , (F.) Épinard. Family, Atrip- The term FORAMEN SPINALE is especially
    liceæ. Ser. Syst. Diæcia Pentandria. A plant applied , however, to a small foramen , in front
    which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic of thespinous process of the sphenoid bone,
    powers. The leaves boiled , with the addition through which the middle artery of the dura
    of oil , form a good emollient cataplasm . It has mater enters the cranium . It is, likewise, called
    been used in phthisical complaints; but its me. Foramen spheno-spind sum , (F.) Trou sphéno.
    dicinal properties, if it have any, are not now épineur ou petit rond Trou épineur.
    regarded . Spirales Colli Minores, Interspinales colli
    SPINATI 643 SPIRIT

    -3 . et Transversales lumborum , Transversalis ARAKA. Distilled , by the Tartars, from kou


    dorsi . mis , fermented mares' milk .
    SPINALIS CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli- s. Araki. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians. 1
    Colli , Semi-spinalis colli. tians . 1
    Spinalis Donsi , Grund épineur du dos, Spi- ARIKA. A variety of koumis, distilled from
    nalis Dorsi major. Winslow calls thus , some fermented mares' milk , in Tartary and Ice 1
    fleshy fasciculi, which are situate on the late- land.
    ral surfaces of the spinous processes ; from the BRANDY. Distilled from wine , figs, peaches , !
    third dorsal vertebra to the first or second lum . Persimmon apple, mulberries, and soinetimes
    bar ; and which form part of the transverso other fruits, in Europe , Asia , N. and S. Ame
    spinalis of most authors. The same anatomist rica, wherever wine is made. The best brandy
    calls - Spina'lis Dorsi minor, Petit épineur du is that of Cognac ; the next, that of Bordeaux
    dos - some small, fleshy fibres, situate on each and Rochelle . The varieties are
    side of the interspinal ligament. They are 1. Luu . Made from rice, in Siam .
    short, flat, and pass from one spinous process 2. Rakia . Made in Dalmatia from the husks
    to the other. Like the preceding, they form of grapes mixed with aromatics.
    part of the transverso-spinalis. All these fleshy 3. Rossolio. Made at Dantzic , from a com
    fasciculi strengthen the vertebral column . pound of brandy, rossolis , and other plants.
    SPINATI, Interspinales colli. 4. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the
    SPINE, Vertebral column-s. Curvature of husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye .
    the , Gibbositas. 5. Sekis-kayarodka. Made from the lees of
    SPINI-AXOIDO -OCCIPITALIS , Rectus ca. wine and fruit at Scio.
    pitis posticus major - 5. Aroido-trachéli-atloidien, Geneva HOLLANDS, (genièrre, French for ju.
    Obliquus inferior capitis . niper.) Distilled from malted barley and rye,
    SPINITIS , Myelitis . rectified on juniper berries, in Holland . Its
    variety is—
    SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis. Gin . Made in England, from malted barley ,
    SPINOLA , Hydrorachis. rye, potatoes ; rectified with turpentine.
    SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) Épineuz. Having GOLDWASSER. Distilled at Dantzic , from
    the shape of a spine or thorn . wheat, barley , and rye, rectified with aniseed,
    The SPINOUS Proc" Esses or APOPA'YSES of cinnamon , and other spices.
    the Ver’tere, can'tla , Cymolophoi , ( F.) Apo- KIRSCHWASSER. Distilled from the Malacheb
    physes épineuses, are situate at the posterior cherry , in Switzerland.
    part of each vertebra, and afford attachment to MARASCHINO. Distilled from the Macarska
    ihe muscles , whose office it is to extend the cherry, at Zara , the capital of Dalmatia .
    spine. See Vertebra. Run , ( supposed to be derived from the ter
    SPIRACULA , Pores of the skin. minal syllable of the word saccharum : but the
    SPIRÆ'A FILIPEN’DULA , Filipendula, native Americans called this liquor Rum .)
    Saxif'raga rubra, Dropwort, (F.) Filipendule. Distilled, in the West Indies and South Ame
    Family , Rosacea. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Penta- rica, from cane -sugar and molasses, and in
    gynia. The root of this plant is said to possess North America from maple-sugar. Its variety
    astringent and lithontriptic virtues. is
    SpirÆA TRIFOLIATA , Gillenia trifoliata . Slatkaia trava. Made at Kamtschatka , from
    Spiræa U1Ma'ria , Ulmaria, Regi'na Prati, a sweet grass.
    Barba capra , Meadow Sweet, Queen of the Mea- Show -ch00. Distilled , in China , from the lees
    doros, Bar'bula capri'na, ( F.) Ulmaire . Reine ofMandarin , a wine made from boiled rice .
    des Près. The leaves have been recommended Whisky , ( supposed to be derived from usque,
    as mild astringents :-the flowers as antispas- the two first syllables of usquebagh , the original
    modics and diaphoretics . name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and
    SPIRAMENTUM ANIMÆ , Pulmo. Ireland, from malted and raw barley,rye, oats,
    SPIRATIO , Respiration . and potatoes ; and in the south of France , from
    SPIRIT, Spiritus , (F.) Esprit. A name sloes. In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun , or
    given to every liquid product of distillation. madness of the head. The best Scotch whisky
    These were formerly distinguished into - in - is Glenlivet , the best Irish , Ennishowen .
    flammable, acid, and alkaline ; and consequently Y - WER-a . Distilled , in the Sandwich Islands,
    a number of substances were crowded together, from the root of the Tee -root, baked , pounded ,
    which often resembled each other in no other and fermented.
    property than in being volatile . The term is To these may be added an intoxicating liquor,
    now confined to alcoholic liquors, of which the made by the Afghanistans, from ewes' milk ;
    following are the chief . and that made at Kamtschatka, from a species
    Agua ARDIENTE. Distilled from pulque, the ofmushroom , named Muchumer.
    fermented juice of the Agave, by the Mexicans. Spirit OF ANISEED, Spiritus anisi — s. Bath
    ARRACK. Distilled from coarse palm sugar , ing , Freeman's , see Linimentum saponis com
    namned jaggery, fermented with the bark of the pos.-s. Bathing, Jackson's, sec Linimentum
    Mimosa leucophlea ; also from rice and the fer. saponis compos.-s . Bezoardic of Bussius, see
    mented juice of the Palm ; made in India. Its Bussii spiritus Bezoarticus - s. Bone, Liquor
    varieties are volatilis cornu cervi - s. of Burrhus, Burrhi
    1. Mahwah Arrack. Made in India from the spiritus matricalis - s. of Carraway, Spiritus
    flowers of the Madhuca tree , Bassia butyracen . carui - s. of Ether, aromatic, Spiritus ætheris
    2. Tuba . Made from palm wine, in the Phi- aromaticus --s. Fuming, of Beguin , Ammoniæ
    lippine Islands. sulphuretum - s. Fuming, of Boyle, Ammoniæ
    SPIRITS 649 SPIRITUS

    sulphuretum - s. of Hartshorn , Liquor cornu oleosum Sylvii, Sp. ammoniæ compos'itus, Tinc
    cervi - s. of Horseradish, compound, Spiritus tu'ra aromatica ammoniata, Liquor oleo'sus Syl
    armoraciæ compositus - s.of Lavender, Spiritus rii, Lirio'ium ammoniaca'le aromaticum . (Cin
    lavandula - s. of Lavender, compound, Spiritus nam ., cort. cont. , caryoph. cont., aa zij , limonum
    lavandulæ compositus-s. of Mindererus, Li- cort. Ziv. potass. subcarb. lbss, ammon. muriat.
    quor ainmoniæ acetatis - s. of Nitre , sweet, Spi- 3v, sp. rectif. ibv, aquæ, congium . Mix, and
    ritus ætheris nitrici - s. of Nitric ether, Spiritus distil tbvj. Ph. L.) Stimulant . Dose , 3ss to 3j.
    ætheris nitrici - 3. of Pennyroyal, Spiritus pu- SPIRITUS AMMONIÆ Compositus , Spiritus aro
    legii - s. of Peppermint, Spiritus inentha pipe- maticus.
    ritæ - s. Proof, Spiritus tenuior - s.of Salt, Mu- SpiritUS AMMONIÆ Fet'ipus , Sp. volatilis
    riaticum acidun - s. of Scurvygrass, golden, fætidus, Fit Drops, Alcohol ammonia'tum fæti.
    see Spiritus armoraciæ compositus - s. of Spear- dum , Tinctu'ra asafæl'ida ammoniata, Fetid
    mint, Spiritus menthæ viridis-s. of Sulphuric Spirit of Ammonia . ( Sp . ammoniæ ibij , asa
    ether, Spiritus ætheris sulphurici - s. of Tur- futida žij. Macerate for 12 hours, and distil
    pentine, Oleum terebinthinæ rectificatum - s. ibiss. Ph . L.) Stimulant and antispasmodic.
    Verdigris, Aceticum acidum - s. of Wine and Dose , zss to zj.
    camphor, Spiritus camphoræ . SPIRITUS AMMONIÆ SUCCINA'Tus , Succina'ted
    SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous fluid . Spirit of Ammonia , Common Eau de Luce, An .
    SPIRITUS, Breath , Respiration — s. Æthe moni'acum succina'tum , Aqua Lu'ciæ , Liquor er
    reus nitrosus, Spiritus ætheris nitrici - s. Æthe Ammoniâ et Oleo Succini, Liquor er citans, Spi
    reus vitriolicus, Spiritus ætheris sulphurici. ritus Ammoniæ cum Succino, Sp. Salis Ammoni'.
    Spiritus Æ'TUERIS Aromaticus, Æther aci lacles'cens seu lacteus. ( Mastich. ziij, sp.
    Sulphuricus cum alcohola uromaticus, Elixir rect. zix, ol. lavand . gll. xiv, succin . ol. gii. iv.
    vitrioli dulce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vitriol, Viga'ni's lig. ammon. 3x. Macerate the mastich in the
    Elixir of Vitriol, Aromatic Spirit of Ether . ( Cin- alcohol, and pour off the clear tincture : add
    nam . cort. contus. giij , cardam . sem. contus. the rest, and shake. Ph . L. ) Stimulant and
    ziss, piperis longi fruct. cont.,zingib. rad . con- antispasmodic. Dose , glt. x to 3ss or 3j .
    cis., sing, gj, spiritûs ætheris sulphuric. lb ). Spiritus Ani'si , Spiritus Anisi compos'itus,
    Macerate, for 14 days, in a stopped glass ves. Aqua Anisi fortis, Aqua Sem'inum Anisi com
    sel, and strain. Ph. L.) It is used as a stimu. posita, Spirit of An'iseed, ( F.) Esprit d'anis.
    lant in nervous affections. Dose , 3ss to 3 ). ( Anisi sem. cont. ibss, spirit. tenuior. cong. ,
    Spiritus ÆTHERIS NIT'rici, Sp. Ætheris aquæ quod satis sit ad prohibendum empyreu.
    nitro'si, Sp. nitri dulcis, Sp .Æthé'reus nitro'sus, ma. Ph. L.) Carminative. Dose , 3ss to Zss.
    Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Nitre Drops, Æther nitri- In the compound spirit, angelica is usually an
    cus alcoolisutus, Spirit of Nitric Ether. ( Spirit. ingredient.
    rect. Ibij, acid nilric, pondere zinj . Pour the SPIRITUS Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini.
    acid gradually on the spirit ; being careful that Spiritus ARMORA'CIÆ Compos'itus , Sp.
    the heat does not exceed 1200 : then distil , by a Raph'ani compositus, Aqua Raphani composita,
    gentle heat Zxxiv. Ph. L.) It is refrigerant, Compound Spirit of Horseradish, (F.) Esprit de
    diuretic , antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. Dose, raifors compose. (Armorac. rad.recent. concis. ,
    glt. xxv. to f. 3j. aurant . cort, exsicc., sing. lbj, myrist. nuc. con
    SPIRITUS ÆTHERIS Sulphu'RICT , Æther Sul- tus. Zss , spirit. ten . cong: j, aquæ q. s. ad pro.
    phuricus cum Alcohole, Liquor Æthereus Sul- hibendum empyreuma. Ph. L.) Stimulant and
    phuricus, Spiritus Vitrioli dulcis, Spiritus Æthe- antiscorbutic, (:) Dose zj to ziv. em
    Tis vitriolici, Liquor Sulphuricus alcoolisa'lus, The Golden Spirit of Scurvy Grass - an
    Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. (Æther. sulphuric, pirical preparation — is formed by adding gum
    ibss, sp. rect. ibj. Mix . Ph. L. ) Stiinulant, boge Zviij, to one gallon of the sp . armoraciæ
    diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose , compositus.
    3ss to ziij . Greenough's Tincture for the Teeth, is formed
    Spiritus ÆTHERIS SULPHURICICompos’itus, of amygd. amar. Zij, lign. brasil. , cassia bacc.,
    Sp. atheris vitriolici compositus, Liquor anod'y- aa ziv , irid . florent. Zij, coccinell.,sal. acetoselle,
    nus Hoffmanni, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor. alum , aa 3j, sp . rin . rect. Ibij, sp. armoruciæ
    (Spirit, æther. sulph. Ibj, olei ætherei zij . Mix . comp. Zss.
    Ph. L. ) A stimulant and antispasmodic. SPIRITUS BEGUINIS, Ammoniæ sulphuretum .
    SPIRITUS ÆTHERIS VITRIOLiei COMPOSITUS , SPIRITUS CAMPHORÆ , Sp. camphora'lus, Sp .
    Spiritus ætheris sulphuric. comp. vino'sus camphoratus, Tinctu'ra Camphora, Spirit
    Spiritus AMMO'NIÆ , Alkali ammoni'acum of Wine and Camphor , Spirit of Camphor, (F.)
    spirituo'sum , Alcohol ammonia'tum, Sp. salis Esprit de Camphre, Alcool camphré, Eau de Vie
    ammoni'aci, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta , Liquor camphré. ( Camphor. Ziv , sp . rect. ibij., Ph. L.)
    ammo'nii vino'sus, L. ammonia spirituo'sus, Stimulant, anodyne and discutient. Used only
    Lirid'ium ammoniaca'lē vino'sum , Spiritus salis externally.
    ammoniaci vino'sus seu dulcis seu dulcifica'lus, Spiritus Car'ui, Sp . Cari Carui, Spirit of
    Solu'tio subcarbona'tis ammoni'aci spirituo'sa, Carraway, Aqua Sem'inum Carui fortis, A. Sem'.
    (F.) Esprit d'ammoniaque. ( Sp. tenuior. ibiij, inum Carui, Strong CaruiWaters, (F. ) Esprit
    anmonia muriat. ziv, potasse subcarb. 3vj. de Cardi. (Carui sem. cont. Ibiss, sp. tenuior.
    Mix , and distil ibiss. Ph . L.) Stimulant and cony. j, aquæ q . s . Distil a gallon. Ph. L.)
    antispasmodie . Dose , zss to zj . Carminative. Dose, 3j to Zss.
    Spiritus AMMONIÆ AROMATICUS, Alcohol am- Spiritus CINNAMO'MI, Sp . Lauri Cinnamomi,
    monia'tum aromaticum , Aromatic ammonia'ted Spirit of Cin'namon , Aqua Cinnamomi fortis,
    Alcohol, Sal volatile Drops, Spiritus salis rolat’i- Aqua Cinnam . spirituo'sa , Strong Cinnamon
    lis oleo'sus, Sp. volatilis aromaticus, Sal rolatile | Water, (F.) Esprii de Cannelle. ( Cort. cinnara .
    82
    SPIRITUS 650 SPLANCHNEURYSMA

    Av, sp. rect. Ibivss.) Stimulant and carminative . (F.) Esprit de Pouliot. ( Olei pulegii 3 vij,sp. rect.
    Dose , 3j to Zss. Ibivss , aqua , q . s . Distil a gallon . Ph . L.) Same
    “ SPIRITUS COL'CHICI AMMONIA’TUS, Ammo- as spirit of spearmint in properties and 'dose.
    nia'ted Spirit of Colchicum . ( Sem . colchic. cont. SPIRITUS RECTIFICA’TUS, Sp. Vini rectificatus,
    zij, sp. ammon. aromat. Ibj. Ph. L.) Narcotic, Enostag'ma, Sp . Vino'sus rectificatus, Alcohol,
    cathartic, and diuretic. Used in gout, rheuma- Spirit of Wine, (F. ) Espritde Vin rectifié. Rec.
    tism , and dropsy . Dose, from gtt. xxx to 3j. lified spirit is much used, in Pharmacy, to dis
    Spiritus Corny Cervi, Liquor C. C.- 8. Fu. solve resinous and other substances. It is sel.
    mans Beguini , Ammoniæ sulphuretum . dom exhibited internally : although it exists in
    SPIRITUS JUNIP'ERI Compos'itus, Compound the diluted state in all vinous and spirituous
    Spirit of Juniper, Aqua Junip'eri composita. ( F.) liquors. Externally, it is employed as a dis
    Esprit de genièvre composé. (Bacc. junip . cont. culient. - S. G. , according to the London Phar
    ibj, sem .carui cont. , fænicul. sem.cont., ka ziss, macopæia, 0.838 ; according to that of Dublin,
    sp. ten. cong. j , ag. q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) 0.840 ; of Edinburgh and United States, 0.835 ,
    Stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 3j to zss. and of Paris , (.819 to 0.827.
    Spiritus LauRI CINNAMOMI, Spiritus cinna. Spiritus Rector , Aroma-s. Rhaphani com
    momi . positus, Spiritus armoraciæ composiius.
    Spiritus LavAN'DULÆ , Sp. Lavandulæ spicæ , Spiritus RosmARI'NI , Sp. Rorismarini offi.
    Spirit of Lad'ender, Sp. Lavand. simpl., Lao- cina'lis, Spirit of Rosemary, ( q. v . ) Spiritus An
    ender Water, (F.) Esprit de Lavande. ( Lavand. thos, Hungary Water. (F.) Esprit de Romarin .
    flor.recent. ibij, sp. rectif. cong., aquæ q. s. (01. rosmarini 3j, sp. rect. cong: j, aquæ q. s.
    Distil a gallon . Ph. L.) Usually made by adding Distil a gallon. Ph . L.) Stimulant. Dose, 3j
    the oil to rectified spirit. Used as a perfume to ziv.
    chiefly. Spiritus Salis Acidus SEU Fumans , Muria
    Spiritus LAVANDULÆ Compositus , Tinctu'ra ticum acidum — A . Salis ammoniaci , Spiritus
    Lavandulu composita , Red Hartshorn , Lavender ammonia - s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus, Liquor
    drops, Compound Spirit of Lavender, (F.) Esprit ammoniæ--s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu
    de Lavande composé . ( Sp. larand. Ibiij, sp. ros- lacteus, Spiritus ammoniæ succinatus- s. Salis
    marin. Ibj, cinnam ., cort.contus.,myristic.nucleor. ammoniaci sulphuratus, Ammonie sulphure
    cont., sing. Zss , pterocarpi ligni conc. 3j .) tum-s. Salis Glauberi, Muriaticum acidum-s.
    Stimulant. Dose, gtt. xl to zij. Salis marini coagulatus , Potasse murias-s.
    SPIRITUS LUMBRICORUM , Liquor volatilis Salis marini,Muriaticum acidum - s.Salis vola
    cornu cervi. tilis oleosus , Spiritus ammoniæ aromaticus - S .
    Spiritus MENTHA Piperi'TÆ , Spirit of Pep. Sulphurico -æthereus camphoratus, Tinctura
    permint, Aqua Mentha piperit'idis spirituo'sa, Sp. ætherea composita --s. Sulphurico-æthereus
    Menthæ piperit'idis,( F.) Esprit de Menthe poivrée. martialis, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico
    ( Oleimenth . pip: viss, sp. rectif. Ibivss, aquæ, æthereus ferri — s. Sulphuris , Sulphurous acid
    9. s. distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Carminative and -s. Sulphuris per campanam , Sulphurous acid
    stimulant. Dose , gss to ziij. --s. Sulphuris volatilis , Ammoniæ sulphuretum
    Spiritus MENTHÆ Sativæ , Spiritus menthæ -s. Sulphurosus volatilis, Sulphurous acid .
    viridis ,
    Spiritus Tenu'IOR, Alcohol dilutum , Spiritus
    Spiritus Menthæ Vir'idis, Spearmint, Spi- vino'sus tenu'ior, Proof Spirit, (F. ) Esprit de vin
    ritus Menthæ sati've , Aqua Menthæ vulgaris delayé . Generally made, for pharmaceutical
    spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit de Menthe verte.(Olei purposes, by mixing equal parts of rectified
    Menth. virid. Ø viss, sp. rectif. Ibivss, aq. q. s. spirit and water. S. G. Lond. 0.920; Edinb. and
    Distil a gallon . Ph. L.) Like the last in pro- United States , 0.935 . It is employed in the same
    perties and dose. cases as those in which alcohol is used :-chiefly ,
    SPIRITUS MILLEPEDARUM , Liquor cornu cervi. as a solvent of vegetable matters, in the form of
    Spiritus Myris'tiCÆ , Spiritus Myristicæ tinctures.
    Moscha'ta, Sp. Nucis Moschata , Aqua Nucis SPIRITUS VENERIS , Aceticum acidum - s. Vini
    Moschata , Nutmeg Water, Aqua Nephritica, rectificatus, Spiritus rectificatus — s. Vinosus
    (F. ) Esprit de Muscade. (Myrist. nucl. cont. camphoratus, Spiritus camphoræ - s. Vinosus
    Zij, spirit. tenuior. cong. j , aquæ q . s. Distil a tenuior, Spiritus tenuior-s. Vitalis, Nervous
    gallon . Ph. L.) Cordial and carminative . Dose , Auid - s. Vitrioli , Sulphuric acid - s. Vitrioli
    3j to ziv . acidus. Vogleri, Sulphuricum acidum dilutum
    Spiritus Myrti PIMENTÆ , Spiritus pimentä -s. Vitrioli coagulatus Mynsichti , Potassæ sul
    --s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid - s. Nitri phas-s. Vitrioli dulcis, Spiritus ætheris sul
    acidus , Nitric acid - s. Nitri dulcis, Spiritus pburici - s. Vitrioli phlogisticatus, Sulphurous
    ætheris nitrici-s . Nitri duplex , Nitric acid - s . acid-s . Volatilis aromaticus, Spiritus ammonia
    Nitri fumans , Nitric acid - s. Nitri Glauberi, aromaticus - s. Volatilis fætidus, Spiritus am
    Nitric acid - s. Nitri simplex, see Nitric acid - moniæ fætidus.
    s. Nucis moschata , Spiritus myristicæ-s. Oph . SPIROPTERA HOMINIS . See Worms.
    thalmicus Mindereri, Liquor ammoniæ ace- SPISSANTIA , Incrassantia.
    tatis . SPIT , Sputum .
    SPIRITUS PIMEN’TÆ , Sp . Myrli Pimenta , Spi- SPITH'AMA, Dorans. A measure of twelve
    ritus Pimento , Spirit of Pimento , Aqua Mirab. fingers' breadth.
    ilis. ( Piment. Vaccar . cont. Zij. , sp . tenuior. SPITTLE , Saliva-s . Sweet, see Salivation .
    cong. , aquæ q . 6. Distil a gallon . Ph. L.) Cor- SPLANCÚNA , Entrails .
    dial and carminative. Dose, 3j to ziv. SPLANCHNEURYSMA, from onlay xror,
    Spiritus PULE'G11 , Spirit of Pennyroyal, Aqua 'an intestine ,' and evpura, I dilate.' Morbid
    Pulegii spirituo'sa ,Spiriluous Pennyroyal Water, ' dilatation of the intestines.
    SPLANCHNIC 651 SPLENIUS

    SPLANCHNIC, Splanchnicus, Visceral, from the vessels and nerves enter the tissue. The
    Orhayxvov, ' viscus. ' " That which relates to the functions of the spleen are unknown. One of
    viscera . the latest opinions is, that it belongs to the
    The SplanCHNIC CAV'ities are the three lymphatic system .
    great cavities of the body ;-those of the cra- Spleen , Hypochondriasis .
    nium , chest, and abdomen . SPLEENWORT, Asplenium , Asplenium
    The Splanchnic Nerves belong to the great scolopendrium .
    sympathetic , and are two in number on each SPLENALGIA , from oniny , the spleen ,'
    side. They are distinguished into :-1. The and ułyos, ' pain .' Pain in the spleen .
    great splanchnic nerve, Grand surrénal, (Chaus.) SPLENECTOMIA , from onhar, ' the spleen ,'
    Its roots - four or five in number, come from and teuro , • I cut. Extirpation of the spleen.
    the 6th , 7th , 8th , 9th , and sometimes the 10th SPLENEMPHRAXIS , from onany , ' the
    thoracic ganglion. They descend inwards, on spleen,' and auppaoow, ' I obstruct. ' Obstruc
    the sides of the vertebral column , beneath the tion of the spleen . - Vogel.
    pleura, and unite into a single trunk , which SPLENES , Hypochondriasis.
    enters the abdomen through aseparation of the SPLENETVICUS, Sple nicus, (F.) Ratéleur.
    fleshy fibres of the pillars of the diaphragm ; That which relates to the spleen : one labour
    passes behind the stomach , and divides into ing under diseased spleen. Medicines, adapted
    several branches, wbich pass into the semilunar to diseases of the spleen.
    ganglion. SPLENIC , Sple'nicus, from otana, ' the
    2. The lesser splanchnic nerve, Splanchnique spleen .? That which relates to the spleen. A
    accessoire, of Walther, Petit surrénal, (Ch .,) is name given to several parts .
    composed of two distinct branches, proceeding 1. The SpleNIC ARTERY . It arises from the
    from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglion ,which cæliac ; and passes from right to left, forming
    unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord , many windings along the upper edge of the
    that pierces the diaphragm singly ; enters the pancreas, which lodges it in a special groove.
    abdomen, and divides into two branches, one It reaches the fissure of the spleen , and divides
    of which anastomoses with the greater splanch. into several branches , that enter the organ . In
    nic nerve , whilst the other sends its filaments to its course it furnishes the pancreatic, left gas
    the renal and solar plexuses. tro -epiploic, and the vasa brevia .
    SPLANCHNICA . Medicines adapted to dis- 2. The SPLENIC VEin arises from the spleen,
    eases of the bowels. Also , the 2d order of the and accompanies the splenic artery ; proceed
    class Cæliaca of Good ; defined ,-diseases af. ing from left to right, to unite with the supe
    fecting the collatitious viscera,and characterized rior mesenteric vein , and to forin , with it, the
    by,—disquiet or diseased action in the organs abdominal vena porta. In its course, it re
    auxiliary to the digestive process, without pri- ceives veins corresponding to the vasa brevia ,
    mary inflammation . the right and left gastro -epiploic, the duodenal,
    SPLANCH NO'D YNĖ, from onlayxrov, pancreatic, coronaria ventriculi, and inferior
    an intestine ,' and oduvn, ' pain. ' Pain in the mesenteric veins.
    bowels. The Splenic Plexus is a nervous network ,
    SPLANCHNOGRAPHY, Splanchnographia , which proceeds from the cæliac plexus , and
    from σπλαγχνον, 6a viscus,' and loyos, a de- accompanies the splenic artery, sending se
    scription .' The part of anatomy which treats condary plexuses to each division .
    of the viscera. SPLENICUS, Spleneticus.
    SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Splanchnologia, from SPLENIS TUMOR , Ague cake .
    Onhayxrov , ' a viscus,' and ioyos, a discourse .' SPLENI'TIS, from oranu, ' the spleen.' In:
    A treatise on the viscera :-also, Splanchno. flammation of the spleen. Empres'ma spleni
    graphy. tis, Lienis inflamma'tio. A rare disease cha
    SPLANCHNOPATHI'A , from onlayxvov, racterized by local pain, swelling, and heat ;
    " an intestine ,' and rafos , suffering. A dis-and which , sometimes , terminates by suppura
    ease of the intestines . tion . It must be treated like other inflamma
    SPLANCHNOT'OMY, Splanchnoto'mia,from tions .
    onlaygrov , ' a viscus , ' and 'TEN VW , ' I cut.' Dis- SPLENIUM , Compress.
    section of the viscera. SPLE'NIUS , S. Cup'itis, S. Colli, Cervico
    SPLEEN, onany, Lien , ( F.) Rate. A soft, dorso-mastoidien et dorso-trachélien , Posterior
    spongy , parenchymatous organ ; of a more or mastoid muscle, Cerrico-mastoidien ( Ch .) So
    less deep violet red, situate deeply in the left called from its resemblance to the spleen of
    hypochondrium , below the diaphragm, above certain animals. A muscle, situate at the pos
    the colon , between the great tuberosity of the terior part of the neck , and upper part of the
    stomach and the cartilages of the false ribs , back. It is much broader above than below,
    and above and anterior to the kidney. Its where it terminates in a point. It is attached ,
    ordinary length is 4 inches ; its thickness, 2} ; by its inner edge , to the spinous processes of
    and its weight 8 ounces. Its parenchyma, the five first dorsal vertebræ ; to that of the 7th
    which is bathed in blood , contains a multitude cervical, and to the inferior part of the poste
    of grayish, soft, and semi-transparent granu- rior cervical ligament. By its upper extremity,
    lations. It is covered by a serous membrane, it is attached to the transverse processes of the
    furnished by the peritoneum ; and by a proper two first cervical vertebræ , to the mastoid pro
    coat, of a Åbrous nature, which is intimately cess, and to the posterior surface of the occipi.
    united with it, and transmits, into its interior, tal bone. Some have considered this muscle
    some delicate,solid, and veryelastic prolonga- to be formed of two portions which they have
    tions . At its inner edge is å fissure, by which called Splenius colli, and Splenius capitis. The
    SPLENOCELE 032 SPUMA ARGENTI

    splenius extends the head, inclines it, and ro- being used . It is then called Prepared Sponge
    tates it . If the splenji of each side act together, or Sponge Tent.
    they extend the head. Spongia CYNOSBATI, Bedegar.
    SPLENOCE'LĒ , from onany, ' the spleen ,' The Spongia Usta or Burnt Sponge, contains
    and xran , ' a tumour . ' Hernia formed by the carbonate and phosphate of lime, carbonate of
    spleen . soda, charcoal, and iodine. It is used in bron
    SPLENOGʻRAPHY, from onany, the spleen,' chocele, scrofulous affections, and herpetic erup
    an d γραφη ,
    ,'a description .' A description of the tions; and its good effects seem to be dependent
    spleen upon the iodine, ( q . v . )
    SPLENOL'OGY , from onlnv, ' the spleen ,' SPONGIÆ LAPIS. A name given to small
    and loyos, a discourse . ' A treatise on the friable stones found in sponge. They were
    spleen , formerly esteemed lithontriptic.
    SPLENON'CUS , Megalosple'nia , from an ol', SPONGION , Onoyyor . Ancient name of
    ' the spleen ,' and oyzos, a tumour. ' Tume- an epithem made of goats ' dong : and , also , of
    faction of the spleen . a malagma, which was considered capable
    SPLENOPAREC'TAMA , from onany, 'the absorbing the serum in dropsies , like a spongeof.
    spleen , ' and navextana,'excessive volume.' Ex - Paulus, Gorræus.
    cessive enlargement of the spleen . - Ploucquet. SPONGOID INFLAMMATION , Hæmatodes
    SPLENOTOMY, Splenotomia , from oniny, fungus.
    the spleen ,' and tapira, I cut. Dissection of SPONGOS , Tonsil .
    the spleen . SPONSA SOLIS , Calendula officinalis.
    SPLINT, Teut. Splinter , from splijten, SPONTANEOUS, Sponta'neus. That which
    ' to split :' Hastella ,Ass'ula, Asser'culum , Plag- occurs of itself, or without any manifest exter
    ulu , Narthez ,Ferula. (F.) Attelle, Éclisse. A nal cause. Evacuations are termed sponta
    flexible and resisting lamina of wood , used in ncous, which are not produced by medicine.
    the treatment of fractures, to keep the frag. Spontaneous las'situde is that, which is not the
    ments in apposition, and prevent their displace- result of fatigue. Diseases are also sponta
    ment. Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of neous which supervene without apparent cause.
    trees , leather, pasteboard, & c . They are gene . SPORADIC, Spor'ades, Sporad'ici, Morbi dis
    rally padded,and are fixed by a roller or by tapes, per'si, Morbi sparsi. Diseases are so called ,
    according to circumstances. which supervene indifferently in every season
    SPLINTER, ( F.) Esquille. Same etymon . and situation , from accidental causes, and in
    This term is , sometimes, applied to a small dependently of any epidemic or contagious in
    portion of wood , which occasionally enters the fluence.
    skin , and gives occasion to much irritation , SPRAIN , corrupted from strain :-Subluxa'tio,
    until it is removed.- Acu'leus lig'neus, ( F.) Distor'sio, Dias'trophe, Diastrem'ma, Exarthre'
    Écharde. ma , Exarthro'sis, Stremma, Thlasia Stremma ;
    It is, also , applied to fragments that separate a wrench , (F.) Détorse, Entorse, Foulure . A
    from a fractured or diseased bone. violent straining or twisting of the soft parts
    SPODIUM GRÆCORUM , Album græcum . surrounding the joints . According to the de
    SPOLIARIUM , A podyterium . gree of the sprain, the fibrous parts of the joint
    SPOLIATIVA, from spolio, ' I take away.' may be simply stretched, or they may be rup
    Phleboto'mia spoliati'ra , ( É .) Saignée spoliative. tured. This affection,which has been regarded
    Blood- letting,used for the purpose of diminish- as an incomplete luxation , occurs, particularly ,
    ing the mass of blood . in the ginglymoid joints ; —as in the foot, wrist,
    SPOLIATORIUM , Apodyterium . knee, & c . The violence causes an afflux of
    SPONDYLAL/GIA, from orovdvaos, ' a ver- blood ; the serum of the blood is poured out,
    tebra ,' and anyos, pain . ' Pain in the vertebræ . and, often, the blood itself, owing to the rupture
    Cacorrhachitis , (q. v. ) of vessels; and inflammation arises, which ends
    SPONDYLARTHROCACE ,Vertebraldisease. in resolutio n or indurati on.
    applications are required,
    SPONDYLI , Vertebræ . Local, antiphlogistic
    SPONDYLIUM , Heracleum spondylium. with perfect rest; and, when the inflammatory
    SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral disease . action has subsided , cold pumping and friction ,
    SPOND'YLUS , nordvios. A vertebra ; and , with the applicat
    will afford supportion plaster
    ,tillofthea parts and bandage
    affected recover
    especially, the second cervical vertebra. their due tone .
    SPONGE, BASTARD , Alcyonium. SPRAT , YELLOW - BILLED , Clupea thryssa.
    SPONGIA, Spongos, Spongia officinalis, Spon . SPRUCE BEER ,White Spruce Beer. A beer,
    gia Marina, Sponge, (F.) Eponge. An organized, made as follows. To 10 gallons of water add 6
    marine substance, of the great class of Zoo- pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of spruce .
    phytes,met with in many seas, but especially Add yeast ; and bottle, when ready . It is grate
    in the Mediterranean and Arabian , It is supple, ful and antiscorbutic .
    elastic, porous , and capable of absorbing fluids SPRUCE BEER POWDERS may be formed of
    in which it may be placed , and of thus in- white sugar, gj and ij; soda subcarb ., gr. xxvj ;
    creasing in size. It is employed , in surgery, essence of spruce, gr. x, in each blue paper; and
    for cleansing or washing; for absorbing acrid acid of tartar, zss , in each white paper. For
    discharges from ulcers; suppressing hemor- half a pintof water.
    rhage, when the mouth of the vessel can be SPUITIO , Exspuition .
    compressed by it, and for forming tents for di- SPUMA ARGENTI , Plumbi oxydum semivi
    lating wounds; in which case , the sponge is treum - s. Cerevisiæ , Yest - s. Trium draconum ,
    immersed in melting wax , and cooled before Antimonium muriatum.
    SPUMEUX 653 STAPHYLOMA

    SPUMEUX , Frothy. STAFF , ( D. ) Staf. An instrument of great


    SPUMOSUS, Frothy. importance in Lithotomy :--being the director
    SPUNK , Boletus igniarius. for the gorget or knife . It is made of steel ;
    SPUR, Sax . fpur , (F.) Éperon des Artères. and the handle is flat and rough, in order that
    The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity it may be more securely held . The groove is :
    or trunk . on its convex surface .
    Spur , Ergot. STAG'S PIZZLE . See Cervus.
    SPURGE, CAPER,Euphorbia lathyris-s.Cy. STAGE , ( F.) Estage, étage, Stadium ; Stade.
    press, Euphorbia Cyparissias - s. Flax, Daphne The period or degree of a disease : especially
    gnidium - s. Flowering, large, Euphorbia corol . the period of an intermittent : ---as the cold
    lata -- s. Garden , Euphorbia lathyris — s. Greater, stage, hot stage, &c .
    • Euphorbia palustris - s. Ipecacuanha, Euphor- STAGIUM . The sixth part of an ounce .
    bia ipecacuanha - s . Laurel, Daphne laureola- STAGMA , from stuw0 , I distil . ' Stalag'ma.
    s . Marsh , Euphorbia palustris -- s. Olive , Cneo. Any distilled liquid or liquor.
    rum tricoccum - s. Olive , Daphne mezereum- STAGMA, Gutta.
    s . Sea, Euphorbia paralias. STAGNATION , Stagnatio, from stagna'ri,
    SPUTAMEN , Sputum . to form a pond . ' Accumulation and retarda.
    SPUTATIO , Exspuition . tion of fluids in any part of the body .
    SPUTUM , Sputa'men , Pty'elon , Spit, (F.) STAHLIAN . One who follows the doctrine
    Crachat. The substance ejected from the mouth of Stahl.
    in the act of spitting. It is composed of saliva , STAHLIANISM . The doctrine of Stahl,
    and of the mucus secreted by the mucous mem- which considered every vital action under the
    brane of the nasal fossæ and fauces, and by the direction and presidency of the soul .
    membrane of the larynx and bronchi. The STALAGMA , Stagma.
    sputa are , sometimes , called æruginous, when STALAGMITIS CAMBOGIOIDES. See
    of a greenish -yellow colour; gummy, when Cambogia.
    they resemble a thick solution of gum ; frothy , STALAGMOS , Distillation .
    ( F.) Mousseur, when covered with froth ; rubi- STAMMERING , Balbuties.
    ginous , ( F.) Rubigineur ou rouillés, when of a STANGOS , Tin .
    reddish.yellow ; and streaked, (F.) Striés, when STANNI MURIAS, Tin , muriate of — s. Oxy .
    mixed with lines of blood . duli murias, Tin , muriate of.
    SPUTUM CRUENTUM , Hamoptysis -- s. Sangui- STANNIOLUM , Tinfoil.
    nis , Hæmoptysis. STANNUM , Tin -- s. Foliatum , Tinfoil - s .
    SQUALLING , Vagitus. Indicum , Zincum .
    SQUAMA , Scale , Table. STAPÉDIEN, Stapedius.
    SQUAMÆ , Scaly diseases. STAPE'DIUS, Stapes, Pyramidal- stapédien.
    SQUAMARIA , Plumbago Europæa. A muscle of the middle ear, which draws the
    SQUAMEUX, Squamous. stapes obliquely upwards. (F.) Stapédien.
    SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus, from squama, ' a STAPES, ( F.) Étrier. The innermost of the
    scale . ' That which relates to a scale . small bones of the ear , so called because it re
    The SQUAMOCS Portion of the temporal sembles a stirrup. It is situate horizontally in
    bone, (F.) Portion squameuse ou écailleuse du the cavity of the tympanum . Its head, which
    Temporal, is the upper part of the temporal, so is directed outwards, is articulated with the os.
    orbiculare. Its base faces inwards, and is ap
    called from a fancied resemblance to a scale.
    The SQUAMOUS SUTURE, Sutu'ra squamo'sa , plied to the fenestra ovalis, which it closes im
    S. mendo'sa seu lepidoci'des seu lepido'des, (F.) perfectly, and to which it is united by a mem
    Sulure squameuse ou écailleuse. The suture brane. Its branches are one anterior, and the
    which unites the squamous portion of the tem- other posterior. They are curved ; and the space
    poral bone with the parietal. between them is parabolic .
    Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also Surgeons have given the name Stapes to a
    called squamous, ( F.) squamcur. See Scale . bandage,used in bleeding from the foot ; which
    SQUELETTE , Skeleton. forms a figure of 8 around the ankles.
    SQUELETTOLOGIE , Skeletology. STAPHIS, Delphinium sta phisagria.
    SQUILL, Scilla—s. Vinegar of, Acetum STAPHISAGRIA , Delphinium staphisagria.
    scillæ . STAPHYLAGRA , Staphylepartes.
    SQUILLA , Scilla . STAPHYLE , Uvula, see Vitis vinifera.
    SQUINANCIE , Cynanche, Cynanche tonsil- STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from otaquan, the
    laris . uvula ,' and EndIQW , I lift up.' Staphylagra.
    SQUINANCY, COMMON, Cynanche ton- An
    sillaris .
    instrument for laying hold of,and removing,
    the uvula.-- Paulus.
    SQUINANTHIA , Cynanche. STAPHYLINO -PHARYNGEUS , Palato .
    SQUINANTHUS , Juncus odoratus. pharyngeus.
    SQUINE, Smilax China. STAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum
    SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris . flexus .
    SQUINTING , Strabismus . STAPHYLITIS , Uvulitis.
    SQUIRRE , Scirrhus. STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis .
    SQUIRRUS , Scirrhus. STAPHYLOMA , from aravin, a grape .'
    STACHYS FETIDA , Galeopsis . Uratio, Myoceph'alon, Parop'sis Staphylo'ma,
    STACTE , Myrrha. Staphylo'sis, Polygro'ma. A name given to
    STADE , Stage. different tumours of the anterior surface of the
    STADIUM , Slage. globe of the eye .
    STAPHYLONCUS 654 STELLA

    STAPHYLOMA OF THE CORNEA is an unequal,, STATIS'TICS, MEDICAL. That part of ST


    embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conical Medicine which relates to the detail of facts trapa
    tumour ; of variable size ; formed by the pro- connected with the mortality, salubrity , &c. of SI
    jection of the transparent cornea , which is different countries and situations. ST
    sometimes extenuated and distended, at others STATURE , Statu'ra , Meg'ethos. The height Si
    thickened . of the human figure. The following table ex ST
    STAPHYLOMA OF THE SCLEROTIC differs from hibits the results of several admeasurements on S7
    the last , in the prominence existing on a part of the authority of Mr. Lawrence, with the heights ST
    S]
    the eye covered by the sclerotic, which is much of some of the monkey species. 8
    thinner. Stature .
    STAPHYLOMA OF THE Iris is the disease , de Feet. In . $
    cribed by Scarpa under the name Procidentia 43
    Iridis. It is hernia of the iris , through an acci- An Englishman to
    dental opening into the cornea. 5 00 S.

    28
    STAPHYLON'CUS, Staphylon'cia , from ota 978
    quan, “ the uvula ,' and oyxos, -tumour.' Tume. An Englishwoman to Tro

    9849
    faction of the uvula . 00

    er
    en
    TOIC
    STAPHYLDEMA , Angi'na urula'ris, European male skeleton

    vra8
    8
    Dyspha'gia uvulo'sa, Hypostaphy le , Prolap'sus Do. 5 5

    8-
    u'vulæ, Edema urulæ , Produc'tio uvulæ à pitui'- A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital , 105
    STO
    tâ , Craspedon . Relaxation of the uvula, which, Liverpool cals
    either from inflammation or infiltration , hangs Another from Virginia 51 unto
    down so as to occasion difficult deglutition, Another from the Gold Coast 5 8
    cough, &c . Scarification , astringent gargles, Another 00
    and, if necessary , excision , constitute the treat. Negro skeleton
    ment.
    11 504
    Another 5 and
    STAPHYLOPLASTIC, Staphyloplas'ticus; A Lascar Ha
    from otapan , the uvula ,' and hasow , I Venus de' Medići 00
    form .' The operation for replacing the soft Tyson's Chimpansé ( Simia Troglo bou
    palate, where it has been lost. dytes, )
    STAPHYLOR’APHY, Velosynth'esis, Sta. Mr. Abel's Ourang Outang
    : 322 7
    2

    phlorrhaphia, Kiomorrhaphia, Ủranorrha'phao, Camper's Do. less than 30


    Uraniskorrha'phia, from otaqvdol, the uvula , " Mr. White's Monkey 2 2
    and quong ó a suture.' The operation for uniting 132
    a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges STATUS , Acme- s . Erethicus, Nervous dia
    of the cleft ; passing ligatures through them , thesis - s. Nervosus , Nervous diathesis &
    and bringing them together, Sthenicus, Sthenia - s. Verminosus, Helmin de
    STAPHYLOSIS , Staphyloma. thiasis.
    pe
    STARAPPLE , BROAD -LEAVED, Chry- STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria.
    sophyllum cainito- Star Grass, Aletris farinosa STAXIS, Apostar'is. A slight epistaxis or
    -5. Knap-weed, Centaurea calcitrapa - star- nasal hemorrhage. - Hippocrates.
    stroke, Coup -de-soleil - s. Wort, Aletris farino. STEAR , Pinguedo, Sevum.
    sa — s. Wort , golden , Bubonium . STEATITES , Polysarcia.
    STARCH , Amylum - s. Blue , Smalt-s . Io . STEATOCE'LE , from oteqo , suet,' and
    dide of, see lodine-s . Potato , see Solanum tu- unan, ' a tumour.' A tumour formed by a col.
    berosum . lection of steatomatous matter in the scrotum.
    STASIS, OT201$ , from ctco), ' I stop .' This STEATOʻMA , OTECTWpla, from otead, ' suet.'
    word has nearly the same signification as stag. Seva'lio, Steato'sis, Emphy'ma encys'tis steatoma.
    nation . Stagnation , however, sometimes in . An encysted tumour, whose contents are simi
    cludes a morbid condition of the fluids,-Stasis lar to fat.
    never , STEEL , Chalybs.
    STASIS , Station . STEGANOPODES, oteyarorrodes, Planip'
    STATIC. An epithet applied to the physi. edes . They who have flat feet, or are web
    cal phenomena presented by organized bodies, •footed,
    in contradistinctio to the organic or vital. foot. '
    from oteyaros, covered,' and nous,
    n
    STAT'ICE LIMO'NIUM , Behen rubrum , Li- STEGNO'SIS , Constipa'tio, Stipa'tio , Con
    mo'nium , L.majus, Behen, Statice Curolinia'na, densa'tio, Obstructio , from oteyrou, ' Í con
    Sea Lavender , Red Behen , Behmen Ackmar, strict. Constriction of the pores and vessels.
    Marsh Rosemary, Lavender Thrift, (F.) Behen Constipation . Suppression of the evacuations.
    rouge. Family, Plumbagineæ . Ser. Syst. Pen . STEGNOTICA , Astringents .
    tandria Pentagynia. The roots have been STEIROSIS , Sterilitas.
    esteemed astringent, tonic , and eminently anti- STELENGIS, Stridor dentium .
    septic . STELLA , Fascia stella'ta , (F.) Étoile. A
    STATION , Statio, Stasis, Status, from sto , bandage , improperly compared to a star, be
    6
    I stand. The act of standing . cause it is crossed like the letter X. This
    STA'TIONARY, Stationa'rius, from starē, “ to bandage is applied upon one or both shoulders.
    stand . ' A name given by Sydenham and Stoll In the first case , it is called simple; in the
    to certain diseases, which depend upon a parti- second, double . It was employed in cases of
    cular state of the atmosphere ; and which pre- fractures of the sternum , clavicle, scapula ; in
    vail in a district for a certain number of years ; luxations of the humerus, &c .
    and then give way to others. STELLA TERRÆ , Plantago coronopus.
    STELLATA 655 STERNUM

    STELLATA RUPINA , Centaurea calci- -an inter-clavicular ligament, extending be


    trapa. tween the two clavicles, and two synovial cap
    STELOCHITIS , Osteocolla. sules, separated by an inter-articular fibro -car
    STENAGMUS , Suspirium. tilage. The costo-clavicular ligamentmay,also,
    STENAXIS , Suspirium . be considered to belong to this articulation.
    STENIA , Sthenia . STERNO - CLAVIO -MASTOIDIEN, Sterno
    STENICUS , Active . cleido-mastoideus - s. Cleido-hyoideus, Sterno
    STENOBREGMATE . See Cranium. hyoideus.
    STENOCARDIA , Angina pectoris . STERNO -CLEIDO -MASTOIDEUS, Sterno -mastor
    STENOCHORIA , Angustia.
    deus, Cleido -mastoideus , Mastoideus, Sterno.
    STENOTHORA'CES, from oteros,-narrow ,' clario- masloidien , Mastoideus anterior; (F.?
    and fugas, the chest .' They who have nar- Sterno-mastoidien ; from otepror, the sternum ,'
    row chests.
    STENTOROPHONUS , στεντοροφωνος , from xiais, 'the clavicle , ’ and uuotos, themastoid pro.
    cess . A muscle situate at the anterior and lateral
    Etertwp , Stentor, a Greek in the army before part of the neck. It is long and flattened :
    Troy ; and quvn , ' voice.' One who has a strong simple, above ; and divided into two portions
    voice . below ; where it is inserted into the anterior
    STEPHANE, Crown. and superior part of the sternum , and the inner
    STEPHENS , MRS., REMEDY FOR THE quarter of the clavicle . Above, it terminates
    STONE . This consisted of lime, prepared by at the mastoid process,—which it embraces,
    calcining the shells of eggs and snails , made at the neighbouring part of the temporal bone,
    into pills with soap. A decoction was , also , and at the outer third of the upper curved line
    administered , consisting of chamomile, fennel, of the occipital bone . It carries the head for.
    parsley, and burdock, with a portion of Alicant ward ; inclines , and rotates it to one side.
    soap. Its virtues were dependent upon the lime When both contract, they bend the head di
    and the tonic propertiesofthedecoction. Hales, rectly forwards.
    Hartley, Kirkpatrick , Lobb , and others wrote STERNO.COSTAL , Triangularis sterni — s .
    in favour of this nostrum ; and itwas ultimately Costo-clavio-huméral, Pectoralis major - s. Hu
    bought by the British Parliament for £ 5000! méral, Pectoralis major.
    STERA , Uterus .
    STERN 0 -HYOIDEUS, Sterno -clcido
    STERCORA'CEOUS , Stercora'rius, from Sterno -hyordes, Hyoides primus ; from-hyoideus,
    stercus, ' dung.' ( F. ) Stercoraire, Stercoral. otepror,
    TheFrench use the term Fistules stercoraires 'muscle,situate
    the sternum ,' and voerons, ' the
    attheanterior os of
    part hyoides .' A ;
    the neck
    for those,which are kept up by the constant inserted,above,atthe inferior edgeof thebody
    passage of fecal or stercora'ceous matter.
    of the
    Thename Stercoraires is sometimesgiven, in of the posterior
    hyoid bone; below
    surface , into
    of the the upper
    sternum :-atpart
    the
    derision , their
    purging to those physicians,
    patients: who are
    à posteriori hasfond
    beenof posterior partof the sterno-clavicular articula
    similarly used . tion , and sometimes into the cartilage of the
    first'rib. It depresses the os hyoides .
    STERCORAIRE, Stercoraceous . STERNO-MASTOIDIEN, Sterno- cleido-mas
    STERCUS, Excrement, Fimus — s. Caninum
    album , Album Græcum - s. Diaboli, Asafætida toideus - s. Pubien, Rectus abdominis.
    STERNO
    -3. Equi non castrati, Fimus — s. Lacertæ , chius. A -THYROIDEUS,
    muscle,situateSterno.thyroïdes, Bron
    at theanterior part of
    Crocodilia .
    STEREOS, Solid . the neck. It is attached , above , to the oblique
    STEREOT’ICA, from OTEQ80 $, ' hard .' For- line seen on the outer surface of the thyroid
    tuitous lesions or deformities affectingthe hard cartilage ; and terminates, below, at the upper
    parts . The 2d order, class ,Tychica of Good. part of the posterior surface of the sternum , and
    STERILITAS , Ágon'ia Šteiro'sis, Stiro'sis, the cartilage of the second rib. When it con
    Agenne'sia,Sterility, Acye'sis, Barrenness, Apho - tracts,it depresses the thyroid cartilage and os
    ria, Atecnia, Acic'sis. Quality of thatwhich is hyoides, by the medium of the thyro -hyoid 1

    barren. Sterility may be absolute or relative. membrane .


    The former depends upon some vitious con STERNODYNIA SYNCOPTICA ET PAL
    formation of the genital organs, apparent or PITANS, Angina pectoris.
    concealed ; and , occasionally, admits of cure . STERNUM , Sternon, from oteppos , " solid ; '
    Sterility is relative, when a female does not Os asser seu pecto’ris seu xiphordes seu gladioli
    conceive with one individual, but does with seu ensifor'mē, Sculum cordis, Breast Bone. An
    another. Sterility , in females , is often depen . azygous, symmetrical bone , situate at the fore
    dent upon a condition of the uterus , character . part of the chest. It is flat; broad above , nar.
    ized by membranous menstruation . rower in the middle ; and terminates, below , by
    STÉRNALGIA , Angina pectoris . a pointed cartilage - the xiphoid, (q. v . ) It has
    STERNO- CLAVIC'ULAR , Slerno-clavicu- an anterior or cutaneous surface, a posterior or
    la'ris. That which relates to the sternum and mediustinal;—a superior or clavicular extremity,
    clavicle. and an inferior or abdominal. It is articulated
    The STERXO-CLAVIC'ULAR ARTICULATION is with the clavicles and the seven upper ribs on
    the union of the inner extremity of the clavicle each side, by means of their cartilages. Ac.
    with a round facette at each side of the superior cording to Béclard , it is formed of six principal
    extremity of the sternum . In this articulation bones, which he names, from their position,
    there are, besides the incrusting cartilages , two 1. Primi-sternal or clavi-sternal: 2. Duo-sternal:
    radiated sterno -claricular, (F.) Sterno -clavicu . 3. Tri- sternal: 4. Quarti-sternal: 5. Quinti-sler
    laires rayonées; one anterior,and one posterior ; nal: 6. Ultimi-sternal or ensisternal.
    STERNUTAMENTORIA 656 STOMACACE

    STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptar- tum præcipitatum-s. Oxydulum vitreatum ,


    mica. Antimonii vitrum — 3. Oxydum semivitreum ,
    STERNUTAMENTUM , Sneezing. Antimonii vitrum -s . Oxydum sulphuratum ,
    STERNUTATIO , Sneezing. O.xydum stibii sulphuratum - s. Subhydrosul
    STERNUT.ATOIRE , Sternutatory . phas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum-s. Sub
    STERNUTAT ORIUM , Errhine . murias præcipitandoparatum , Algaroth-s . Sul.
    STER'NUTATORY, Sternutato'rius, from phurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum , Antimonii
    Sternutamen'tum , Errhi'num , Ptarmicum , ( F.) sulphuretum rubrum — s. Sulphuretum nigrum ,
    Sternutatoire; from sternuta'rē, “ to sneeze . A Antimonium - 8. Vitrum , Antimonii vitrurn .
    substance , which provokes sneezing ; -as to- STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPHURETUM
    bacco , & c.-See Errhine . CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum
    STERTEUR , Stertor. præcipitatum - s. Oxidum , Antimonium dia
    STERTOR , Ronchus or Rhonchus, Renchus, phoreticum .
    Rhenchus, (F.) Sterteur. That deep snoring, STIBIUM , Antimonium .
    (q, v .) which accompanies inspiration, in some STIFF JOINT , MUSCULAR, Contractura . 2
    diseases,-particularly in apoplexy . Such re- STIGMATA . See Nævus.
    spiration is said to be stertorous. STILBOMA, Cosmetic. 1.
    STETHODESMIUM , Corsets . STILLA , Gutta .
    STETH'OSCOPE , from o trgos, “ the chest,' STILLICID’IUM , Substillum . This term is
    and O XOTE ), ' I examine.' ' An instrument, in- often used synonymously with Strangury. It
    vented by Professor Laënnec, of Paris , for ex. means the flow of any fluid - particularly of the 1
    ploring the chest. The stethoscope, sometimes urine-drop by drop. Also, a kind of embrocation
    called Pectoriloque, is a cylinder of wood, from effected by dropping the liquid upon the part.
    Stillicidium Narium Coryza LE
    four inches to a foot long; pierced through and , .
    through by a longitudinal canal about a quarter STIMATO'SIS, Stymalosis, Hæmorrha'gia T
    of an inch in diameter. The longer are ge- Penis, Stymatorrha' gia , Phallorrha'gia , from
    nerally composed of two portions, that fil to- otuma, “ priapism .' Hemorrhage from the male
    gether by means of a screw ; and one of which organ : accompanied, or not, with priapism .
    is hollowed at the extremity, in the shape of a STIMMI, Antimonium . i.
    funnel. These two portions being screwed to STIM'ULANT, Stim'ulans, Ex'citans, Exci
    each other, the physician lays hold of the in . tant. A medicine , which has the power of ex .
    strument, as he would of a pen, puts the fun- citing the organic action of the different sys
    nel-shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, tems of the economy . Some stimulants are
    and applies his ear to the other end . To erplore diffusible ; i. e. have a prompt but temporary dit
    the pulsations of the heart, the funnel is plugged action ; others are permanent or persistent. The 1

    up by a piece of the same kind of wood accu- action of stimulants is called Siimulation.
    rately adapted to it, and pierced by a canal The chief stimulants are the following : at
    of the same width as that in the body of the Æther Sulphuricus, Nux Vomica ,
    instrument. Stethoscopes are sometimes flexi- Ammonia , Olea Essentialia ,
    ble , like the flexible ear -trumpet. Asafoetida , Opium (in small dose ,) PTE
    This mode of examining affections of the Brucina , Piper ,
    Sinapis ,
    chest, &c. is what Laënnec terms,Auscultation Camphora,
    Capsicum , Strychnina, SET
    médiate, - Mediate Ausculta'tion . Castoreum , Zingiber,
    STETHOSCOPIA . See Auscultation . Cinnamomum ,
    STEW , Stove. Copaíba , Alcohol, 21
    Cubeba, Caloric ,
    STHENIA , Steni'a , Diathesis sthen'ica ,Status Guaiacum , Electricity ,

    切 m
    sthen'icus, from 09ɛvos, ' strength ,' “ power.' Ex- Hydrargyri Præparata, Mental Eniotions, (the Impetu
    cess of strength ; excitement of the organic ac- Iodinum , ous . )
    tions. A word used, especially by the Bruno- STIM'ULUS ,' a goad.' Incitamen'tum , Inci
    nians,—as well as Asthenia - its antithesis. td tio . Any thing which excites the animal

    , 御
    Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend economy .
    upon excessive excitement. STIPATIO , Stegnosis.
    STHENOPYRA, Synocha . STIROSIS , Sterilitas.
    STIBI, Antimonium . STITCH , Pleurodynja-s . Common, Suture, 初 时,
    STIBIALIS , Antimonial. common - s . Royal , Suture, common .
    STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIÆ , Anti- STIZOLOBIUM , Dolichos pruriens.
    monium tartarizatum . STLENGIS , Stridor dentium .
    w 山 ,阳阳

    STIBII, Butyrum , Antimonium muriatum - s . STOCHEION , Element.


    Deuto -murias sublimatus, Antimonium muria- STOCKING (LACED ,) ( F.) Bas lassé. A
    謂

    tum-s. et potasse deuto -tartras, Antimonium bandage used by surgeons, which consists of a
    tartarizatum -- s. Hydrosulphuretum rubrum, stocking made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admit
    Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum - s. Oxidum ting of being tightly laced anteriorly. It is
    acido muriatico oxygenato paratum , Algaroth - jemployed in varices and ulcers of the legs.
    s . Oxidum album mediante nitro confectum , STOMA , Mouth .
    Antimonium diaphoreticum - s. Oxidum præci : STOMAC'ACĒ, Stomal gia , Labrisulcium ,
    pitando paratum , Algaroth --s. Oxodes album , Cheiloc'acē, Alodacē, Cheilomala'cia, Stomatono'.
    阳 !

    Antimonium diaphoreticum - s. Oxodes sul- ma, Stomatonecro'sis, from otona, “ the mouth ,'
    phuratum , Antimonii sulphuretum præcipita- and zaroç, evil : Cáncer Oris, Canker. Fætor 1
    tum-- . Oxydisulphuratihydro -sulphuretum lu- 1 of the mouth with a bloody discharge from the
    teum , Antimonii sulphuretum præcipitatum - s. gums. ( F.) Cancer aquatique. See Cancer
    Oxydulati sulphuretum , Antimonii sulphure. Aquaticus . Also, Scurvy .
    STOMACAL 657 STOREY'S

    STOMACACE, Porphyra nautica — s. Gangræ- and nozzle of which flexible tubes can be at.
    nosum , Cancer aquaticus — s. Universalis, Pur- tached. When the object is to force fluids into
    pura hæmorrhagica. the stomach , the stomach-tube must be attached
    STOMACAL , Stomachal. to the nozzle , and passed down the throat, —the
    STOMACALGIA , Cardialgia . tube connected with the bottom of the syringe
    STOMACH , Stom'achus,Ventriculus, Nedys, being placed in the fluid to be injected. To
    Anoca'lia, Gaster, ( F.) Estomac. One of the empty the stomach , the stomach tube must be
    principal organs of digestion. It is a musculo- attached to the bottom of the instrument.
    membranous reservoir ; continuous, on the This instrument has been of great service
    one side, with the esophagus; on the other, where poisons have been taken . The antidote ,
    with the duodenum. It is situate beneath the when any exists,and is at hand, should be ad
    diaphragm, between the liver and the spleen ; ministered immediately prior to its use.
    and occupies the epigastrium and a part of the The stomach -pump was first employed in
    left hypochondrium. In it the food is converted America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812.
    into chyme. STOM'ACHAL, Stomach'ic, Cardiacus, Sto i
    When viewed externally , the stomach has, mach'icus, Stomacha'lis, from otopaxos, the
    1. An anterior face, which looks a little up- stomach ,' (F.) Stomacal, Stomachique. That
    wards. 2. An inferior face, directed downwards. which belongs to the stomach ; tha which is
    3. An inferior or colic margin , which is convex good for the stomach ; whieh strengthens the
    and extensive,and is called the greater curvature, stomach. A medicine that gives tone to the
    ( F.) Grand courbure. It gives origin to the stomach.
    omentum majus. 4. A superior or diaphrag : STOMACHIQUE, Stomachal.
    matic margin , which is shorter, concave, and is STOMACHUS, otouayos. This word has
    called the lesser curtature, (F.) Petit courbure. been used in several different acceptations ;
    The lesser omentum is attached to this. 5. A e. g. for the æsophagus, for the cardiac orifice
    left or æsophageal orifice, called , also, the cardia, of the stomach, (see Cardia ,) and for the sto
    Os ventric'uli or upper orifice. 6. A right or mach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck of the
    intestinal, or inferior orifice, called the pylorus. bladder otouayos xuotEWş ; and the neck of the
    7. A considerable dilatation, situate to the left uterus, tng untoas otouaxos.
    of the cardia and greater curvature — the great STOMAL'GIA, from Otoma, mouth ,' and
    tuberosity of the stomach ; and, 8. A less exten - anyos, pain . ' Pain in the mouth . Stomacace,
    sive dilatation, situate to the right of the greater ( q . v .)
    curvature :-the lesser tuberosity or lesser cul- STOMAT’IC, Stomaticus, from otopa,
    de-sac, Antrum Pylo'ri. mouth . A medicine used in diseases, & c ., of
    The inner surface of the stomach is of a red- the mouth . Dentifrices, masticatories, &c., are
    dish -white colour , and has a marbled appear- stomatics.
    ance. It is constantly covered by a thick mu- STOMATI'TIS ; from otopa , ' the mouth . '
    cus, and is lined by a mucous membrane, which Inflammation of the mouth.
    presents numerous wrinkles. STOMATITIS , FOLLICULAR , Aphthæ .
    The parietes of the stomach consist of three STOMATUTIS, GANGRENOUS, Cancer aquaticus.
    membranes in superposition . The outermost is STOMATONECROSIS , Stomacace.
    serous ; and is an extension of the peritoneum ; STOMATONOMA, Stomacace .
    the middle coat is muscular, -- some of its fibres STOMATOPA'N US , from otoua, ' the
    running longitudinally ; others, transversely : mouth,' and raros,' a glandular tumour.' Sto
    the innermost membrane is of a mucous na- matophyma glandulosum ,Panus Fau'cium . Tu
    ture , but not exactly a continuation of the mem- mefaction of the glands of the mouth .
    brane that lines the æsophagus. The mucous STOMATOPHY'MA , from orona , ' the
    and muscular membranes form , at the pylorus , mouth ,' and oupa, 6 a swelling. ' A swelling in
    a valve, called the Pyloric valve. These three the mouth .
    coats are united by a dense, close ,cellular mem- STOMATOPHYMA GLANDULOSUM ,Stornatopanus.
    brane ; and, between the mucous and muscular STOMATOPLASTIC, Stomatoplasticus ;
    coats, along the two curvatures especially, is a from aroua, the mouth ,'and charow ,' I form.'
    quantity of muciparous glands , called Glands The operation of forming a mouth , where the
    of Brunner. aperture has been contracted from any cause.
    The arteries of the stomach are very nume- STOMATORRHAGIA , ( F.) Hémori hagie
    rous, and proceed from the coronaria ventriculi, buccale, from otoma , the mouth ,' and onyrunt,
    the pyloric, splenic, and right and left gastro-epi- • I break out.' Hemorrhage from the mouth.
    ploic. The veins have the same name,and pur- Stomorrha'gia.
    sue the same course as the arteries . They pour STOMATORRHagia GINGIVARUM , Ulorrhagia .
    their blood into the trunk of the vena porta. STOMOMANICON , Platysma myoides.
    Its lymphatic vessels are very numerous, and STOMORRHAGIA , Stomatorrhagia .
    pass into ganglia, situate along the two curva- STONE IN THE BLADDER , Calculi , ve .
    tures. The nerves of the stomach proceed from sical - s. Binder, Osteocolla-s. Crop, Sedum
    the pneumogastric , and three divisions of the s. Pock , Acne .
    cæliac plexus . STORAX , Styrax - s. Liquida, Liquidambar
    Stomach DISEASE , Limosis. styraciflua .
    STOMACH -Pump. A useful instrument for STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empiri
    conveying fluids to the stomach, when deg- cal preparation, formed of calomel Dj, jalap.
    lutition is impracticable, and for pumping up 3 ), zingib. Jij, sacch. Z) , cinnab. antim . q. s. to
    the contents of the stomach . colour them ; syrup. simpl. q . s. to make into
    It consists of a forcing syringe , to the bottom cakes.
    83
    1

    STOVE 658 STRONGYLUS


    STOVE . Old French Estuve, Stupha ; a struction of the air-passages, by a ligature or
    Sleu , Astua'rium , ( F.) Éture. A limited space, by the hand for criminal purposes. See Suffo
    warmed artificially, and in which the air is cation.
    slowly renewed . It is used for drying various STRANGULATION, UTERINE , Strangulatio ute
    substances, as plants, extracts,conserves, & c., ri'na, Suffocalin uterina, s. hysterica, Præfoca '.
    or for taking vapour baths. In this case, the tio. The sense of suffocation which often ac
    slew or stove is said to be wel or humid ; in the companies attacks of hysteria.
    opposite case, it is said to be dry, (F. ) sèche. STRANGURIA , Enuresis.
    The latter, which is used by the Turks, is the STRANÄGURY , Strangu'ria , Pururia stilla
    Lacon'icum or Calida'rium of the Romans. The li'lia , from otpays, “a drop ,' and ovpor , 'urine:'
    former is their tepida'rium or vapora'rium . Dysu'ria (q. v .;) Urine Stillicidium vel substiť .
    These kinds of baths greatly excite the cuta- lum . Extreme difficulty in evacuating the
    neous transpiration ; and are valuable agents urine , which issues only drop by drop, and is
    in rheumatic and other affections. accompanied with heat, pain , tenesmus at the
    STRABI . See Strabismus . neck of the bladder, &c . Sce Ischuria , and
    STRABILISMOS , Strabismus . Retention .
    STRABIS'MUS, Strabilismos, Parop'sis Stra- STRATIOTES , Achilleamillefolium .
    bismus, from o boaßicu , ' I squint .' Strabos'itas, STRATUM PROLIGERUM, Proligerous Disc.
    Distor'sio, Luscitas, Illo'sis, Squintiny, Goggle STRAWBERRY , Fragaria — s. Shrubby, Ru.
    Eye, (F.) Strabisme, Vue louche, Louchement. bus arcticus.
    Want of concordance of the optic axes. It STREATHAM , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    may be dependent upon natural or acquired in Streatham is a village near London. The wa.
    equality in the action of the motory muscles of ters are a saline cathartic.
    the eye ; on a convulsive state of one of those STREBLI. See Strabismus.
    muscles; a difference in the sensibility of the STREMMA , Luxation, Sprain.
    two eyes ; or a cerebral affection . STREPITOʻSUS MORBUS. A kind of
    In the treatment , if the disease seems to de . flatulent disease , said by Sorbait to be not un
    pend upon an excess of strength , in one of the common in the Austrian Alps, in which em.
    motory muscles ,we must endeavour to give physematous tumours form on different parts of
    tone to that which is too weak , by placing be- the body, -- accompanied by sonorous excretions
    fore the eye a mask having a small aperture on of gas by the mouth and anus.
    the side to which it is necessary to direct the STREPITUS AURIUM , Tinnitus aurium.
    pupil ; or by wearing glasses, provided with a STRETCHING , Pandiculation.
    piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the STRIÆ CORNEÆ, Tenia semicircularis
    eye is vitiously turned ; so that the reflection s. Semilunares, Tænia semicircularis.
    may be inconvenient , and occasion the organ STRIATUS, Cannelé, Grooved .
    to be turned in an opposite direction ; or by STRIBILIGO, EMMorescence .
    putting a black patch on the angle opposite to STRICTURE , Strictu'ra , from stringere, ' to
    that to which the eye is turned. If owing tie hard .' Coarcta'tio, (F.) Rétrécissement. A
    to weakness, the organ must be strength- diminution or contracted condition of some
    ened by being exerted alone, and by leaving tube or duct, as the @sophagus, urethra , & c.
    the other at rest. If the disease be symptoma. This must be dilated by appropriate bougies.
    tic of cerebral affection, attention must, of Strictures may, also, occur in the intestines,
    course , be directed to the latter. & c ., when they are unmanageable ;-with the
    Those affected with Strabismus , are called exception of those of the rectum , which admit
    Strabi, Strebli ; in French , Louches, Bigles. of topical applications .
    STRABOSITAS , Strabismus. STRIDOR DENTIUM , Prisis, Prismos,
    TO STRAIN, Cola'rë, ( F.) Couler. To pass Bryg'mus, (q . v . ) ( F. ) Grincement des dents.
    decoctions, infusions, & c., forcibly through Grinding of the teeth . A common symptom,
    linen ; also, to exert an effort. This is accom- in children, of gastric and other derangement;
    plished by fixing firmly the parts where the and often present when there is no reason to
    muscles to be exerted originate , in order that suspect any.
    their fullpower may be developed . STRIGIL , Strig'ilis, Stlen'gis, Stelengis. An
    STRAINING , Nisus . instrument, anciently used in the baths, for
    STRAMOINE, Datura stramonium -- s . Ma- scraping off the sweat.
    jus album , Datura stramonium-s. Spinosum , STROBILITI'TES, from otpoßies, ' a cone
    Datura stramonium .
    of the pine.' Wine impregnated with the
    STRANGAL'IDES, from otpayyeuoi, ' I tor. cones of the pine.
    ment.' Small, hard tumours, which form in STROEMIA , Cadaba,
    the breast , when the milk does not find issue. STROMBULCUS, Forceps (bullet.)
    STRANGULATIO , Orthopnea - s. Uterina , STRONGLE , Strongylus.
    Hysteria. STRON GYLUS, from otpoyyulos, ' round .'
    STRANGULATION, Strangulatio, Pnir, Hippocrates, Chabert, and othersmean the As
    Pnigʻmos, (F.) Étranglement, Strangulation. caris lumbricoides by this term . The Strongylus
    State of a part too closely constricted. Thus Gigas, ( F.) Strongle, is, however, distinct. It
    we say that there is stranyulution of an intesti- has an obtuse, flat head : mouth surrounded
    nal hernia, when the opening that gives pas- with six flaitish papillæ : the whole bursa of
    sage to the portion of protruded intestine con- the male truncated : the tail of the female
    tracts, so as to intercept the continuity of the rounded. It is sometimes met with ,-five inches,
    digestive canal. a foot, a foot and a half, and even three feet
    In Legal Medicine, it means the forcible ob- long,-- and from two lines to half an inch in
    STROPHOS 659 STYE

    diameter. It is occasionally found in the hu. seeds were used only for poisoning rats; but,
    man kidney : rarely in other viscera ; and , still of late years, an alcoholic extract has been pre
    more rarely in the intestinal tube, pared from them , which has been adıninistered
    STRONGYLUS, Teres. in paralytic affections, in small doses. Dose of
    STROPHOS , Tormina . the alcoholic extract, Extractum nucis com’ice
    STROPH'ULUS, Licheni'asis , Eranthe'ma spirituo'sum , E. nucis vomica resino'sum , E.N.
    strophulus, Eror'miu strophulus, Red Gum , Red V. alcohol'icum , (F.) Extrait alcoholique de noir
    Guion , Tooth Rash, White Gum . It consists of comique, one or two grains. It produces a kind
    an eruption of red, or sometimes whitish pim of tetanic convulsion in the paralyzed parts ,
    ples; occurring in early infancy, chiefly about when given to the requisite extent. It has,also,
    the face, neck, and arms, surrounded by a red- been administered in chronic diarrhæa and
    dish halo ; or interrupted by irregular patches dysentery .
    of cutaneous blush. ` All the varieties, under The wood of the STNyconos COLUBRI'NA , an
    this genus, arise in consequence of the extreme Indian tree , contains strychnine. It was for..
    vascularity and irritability of the skin at this merly considered a specific against the bites of
    period of life, when the constitution is liable to venomous animals ; and was recomniended by -
    be disturbed by irritation , either in the alimen- Boerhaave, in intermittents. It is the Lignum
    tary canal, gums or other parts. Colubrinum . ( F. ) Bois de Couleuore.
    None of the eruptions are of any importance ; STRYPHNOS, Acerb .
    and no medical treatment is usually necessary . STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa.
    If the stomach seems at all disordered, a little STUDY , BROWN, Aphelxia otinsa .
    rhubarb and magnesia may be occasionally ad- STUFFING , Cynanche trachealis.
    ministered. STULTITIA, Fatuitas.
    Willan and Bateman reckon five species ,- ! STUNNED . Old French Estonné, ' asto
    the Strophulus interlind'tus, Red gum or gown ; nished .' (F.) Étonné . An epithet, applied to
    the S. ał bidus orwhite gum ; the S.confer'tus or one, who, in consequence of a fall or other ac
    rank red gum , Tooth rash ; the S. colat'icus or cident, has received such a concussion of the
    Erythema volal'icum , and the S.can'didus. brain as to deprive him , for a time, of his men
    ŠTROPHULUS Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus— talmanifestations.
    s. Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus. STUPA , Stuppa , Stupeion , otu netor. Tow,
    STRUCTURE , Structu'ra , Catasceu'e, from used in certain surgicalapparatusand dressings.
    struo, ' I build .' The arrangement of the dif- Also , a Stupe, i . e . cloth or tow used in fomen .
    ferent tissues or organic elements of which tations. A fannel , wrung out of hot water,
    animals and vegetables are composed. and applied to a part, is a stupe.
    STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula. STUPE , Stupa .
    STRUTHIOPH'AGUS, from o roou Foç, “ the STUPEFACIENTIA , Narcotics.
    ostrich ,' and payo, I eat.' Struthiophagous STUPÉFACTIFS, Narcotics.
    tribes still exist in some parts of Africa. STUPEFACTIO , Narcosis.
    STRUTHIUM , Saponaria . STUPÉFIANTS, Narcotics .
    STRYCHNIA , Strychnina. STUPEION , Stupa.
    STRYCHNI'NA, Strych'nine,Strychnia, Vau '. STUPEUR , Stupor.
    queline. An alkaline principle ; solid, crystal- STUPHA, Stove.
    ſine , inodorous , bitter, and excessively poison- STUPIA, Tin .
    ous, which has been discovered in the Strych- STUPOR, Ecpler'is, Consterna 'tio, ( F. ) Stu
    nos nux comica . peur. Diminished activity of the intellectual
    The medical action of strychnine on man and faculties; often amounting to lethargy. It oc
    animals is exactly like that of the alcoholic ex- curs in many affections, especially in the neu
    tract of nux vomica. It is , however, more ac roses .
    tive . An eighth of a grain is suflicient to kill a Stupor , Narcosis-s . Mentis , Fatuitas.
    large dog ; and a quarter of a grain produces STUPPA , Stupa .
    marked effects on the human body, when in STUPRUM , Rape, (F.) Défloration , Viol.
    health . It has been given in paralysis and other Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a married or
    cases like the nux vomica. Dose , gr . one- unmarried female. When committed upon the
    twelfth to one-eighth . latter, which is most commonly the case, it is
    The ACETATE OF STRYCHNINE ( Strychni'nialso called Deflora'tion, Defloratio ,Devirgina'tio ,
    Acetas, Strychnium aceticum ,) the lodate ( Strych- Vitia'tio, Apanthis'mus, &c. In judging whe
    ninum lodatum , Strych'nium lod'icum ,) in the ther rape has been committed, under such cir.
    dose of one-eighth of a grain ; the Nitrate cumstances ;-the state of the genital organs ;
    ( Strychnini nitras, Strychnium nitricum ,) and the age of the individual ; and the possibility
    the Sulphate ( Strychnini Sulphas, Strychnium of accidents and diseases of the parts -- will
    Sulphu'ricurh ,) have been given in the same have to be considered . It will be necessary,
    cases as pure Strychnine. also, to be acquainted with the evidences of
    STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara. virginity ; and to determine, -if signs of vir.
    STRYCHNOS Nux Vou'ıca , Nur Vomica, Nur ginity no longer exist, --whether its loss is to
    Meteļla, Caniram , Family , Strychnoideæ . Ser. be attributed to copulation , or to the introduc.
    Sysl. Pentandria Monogynia. ( F.) Vomiquier. tion , into the vagina, of another body than the
    A tree of the family Strychnoides, which grows male organ , & c . Recent deflowering can be
    in India,and the seeds of which have been long much more readily distinguished than that
    sold in the shops , under the names, Nux vomica, which has taken place for some time.
    Vomic nut, Poison nut, Bachelor's buttons, &c . STYAN , Hordeolum .
    ( F.) Noir' comique. For a long time , these! STYE, Hordeolum .
    STYGMATES 660 STYRAX

    STYGMATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed | lateral part of the neck. It is slender ; thin ,
    this word or Stigmates to designate the marks, above; attached to the styloid process of the
    in form of cicatrices,which remain on the peri- temporal bone , and terminates in the parietes
    toneum after the obliteration of the neck of the of the pharynx, as well as at the posterior mar
    hernial sac . They are , commonly , radiated gin of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pha
    folds, of a whitish appearance , more or less rynx, and carries it backwards. Prof. Chaus.
    thick, and of a fibrous or fibro -cartilaginous sieur has united, under the name Stylo- pharyn
    nature . gien , the three constrictor muscles of the pha
    STYLET , Specillum . rynx, the stylo-pharyngæus, and palato -pharyn
    STYLIFORM , Styloid . gæus.
    STYLO -CERATOIDES , Stylo -hyoideus — s. STYLO - THYRO - PHARYNGIEN , Stylo
    Cerato - hyoideus , Stylo-byoideus . pharyngeus .
    STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS. A name STYLOID, Styliform , Stylor'des , Graphior'.
    given , by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fas- des, Belono'des , from otvãos, a style,' ' a peg,'
    ciculus, which the stylo-hyoid muscle some- “ a pin ,' and eidos, ' shape ,' shaped like a peg or
    times presents, and which is attached to the pin .
    lesser cornu of the os hyoides. It is the same The StyloD PROCESSES or pencil-like Pro
    fasciculus which Santorini calls Stylo-hyor'des cesses, Proces'sus Beloides seu Belemnor'des seu
    norus , Stylo -hyoideus alter. Belonor'des seu Graphioides seu Graphor'des,
    STYLO -GLOSSUS. A muscle , situate at are, 1. A long and slender process of the tem
    the anterior and superior part of the neck . It poral bone, to which are attached the stylo
    isnarrow behind ; much broader before ; and is glossus, stylo -pharyngæus, and stylo-hyoideus
    attached to the styloid process of the temporal muscles ; and the stylo -hyoid and stylo -maxil
    bone, and to the stylo -maxillary ligament ; and lary ligaments. 2. Í'wo slender and pyramidal
    is inserted into the side of the tongue. It raises processes at the inferior extremities of the ra
    the base of the tongue and carries it backwards. dius and ulna .
    STYLO- HYOIDEUS , Stylo-hyoïdien , Stylo. STYMATOSIS , Stimatosis.
    cer'ato -hyoïdæus, Stylo -ceratoï'des, Stylo-hyoides STYMMATA , στυμματα, from στυμμα, “ that
    major. A muscle, situate at the superior,ante- which constricts or thickens.' The most solid
    rior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin ointments. Also, the ingredients proper for in
    and narrow,-especially posteriorly : anteriorly, creasing their consistence.
    it opens to give passage to the tendon of the STY PSIS , Astriction , Constipation.
    digastricus. It is attached to the styloid pro- STYPTERIA , Alumen .
    cess of the temporal bone , and to the body of STYPTIC , EATON'S, see Ferrum tartari
    the os hyoides. It raises the os hyoides, and zatum - s. Helvetius's , see Ferrum tartarizatum .
    carries it backwards. STYTICS , Contrahen'tia, Constricti'da Me
    The Stylo-hyou LIGAMENT is a fibrous, dicamen'ta, Constringen'tia, Anastal'tica, from
    flattened cord , which passes from the styloid Otvom , ' I constringe.' Sometimes used syno
    process to the lesser cornu of the os hyoides. nymously with astringent, ( q. v. :) generally
    The Stylo -hyoid Nerve is the second branch applied to a substance, employed to arrest he
    given off by the facial nerve . morrhage ;-Ene'mon .
    STYLO -MASTOID, Stylo-mastoida'us. That A mechanical styptic is one that arrests the
    which relates to the styloid and mastoid pro- flow of blood , by being applied immediately to
    cesses .
    the mouth of the bleeding vessel, or by in.
    The FORAMEN STYLO -MASTOIDÆUM or F. Aqua- ducing a coagulum , mechanically, in the vessel.
    ductus Fullo'pii, (F.) Trou anonyme, is situate A chymical styptic is one which coagulates,
    at the inferior surface of the petrous portion of chymically, the blood around a bleeding orifice.
    llie temporal bone , between the styloid and Eaton's Styptic . A name first given to
    mastoid processes. It terminates the aqueduct Helvetius's Styptic, when introduced into Great
    of Fallopius, and gives passage to the facial Britain . It is now usually made of calcined
    nerve .
    green vitriol, 3j; proof spirit, tinged with a
    The STYLO- MASTOID ARTERY arises from the little oak bark , lbij.
    posterior auricular, and , in some subjects, from STYRAC'INUM O'LEUM . Oil, obtained
    the occipital . It enters the stylo -mastoid fora- by boiling storax in good olive oil .
    men ; passes along the aqueduct of Fallopius , STYRĂX , from otvoas, “ a reed , in which
    and spreads its ramifications on the mucous it was preserved. A resin obtained from the
    membrane of the tympanum , and in the mas- Styrar officindle , and S. calamita. It is the
    toid cells, and semicircular canals ; and termi- solid storar ;-officinal storar. There are two
    nates by anastomosing with a branch of the kinds of storax met with : 1. The Red Storaz,
    Arteria meningeamedia , which enters by the Gum Slorar, Thus Judæorum , Styrar rubra,
    Hiatus Fallopii. Murray has given the name Styr'acis balsamum , Balsamum styracis offici
    - Stylo -mastoid - to the posterior auricular arte . nalis , which is obtained by incision from the
    ry itself, Styrar officina'lē, and, perhaps, from the Li
    STYLO-MAX'ILLARY, Stylo-maxilla'ris. quidam 'bar orienta'lis. The purest is in tears ;
    That which relates to the styloid process and but it has lost some of its smell in drying.
    jaw. 2. Common Storaz, Styrax calamita. That
    The Stylo-MAXILLARY LIGAMENT is a liga- which has been received in reeds or vessels,
    mentous, flat cord , extending between the sty- and has had saw-dust added immediately to
    loid process and the angle of the jaw. thicken it .
    STYLO -PHARYNGÆUS, Stylo-thyro-pha- The odour of storax is fragrant: the taste
    ryngien. A muscle , situate at the anterior and laromatic. It is considered , like the other bal
    SUB 661 SUBLINGUAL

    sams , to be stimulant and expectorant, but is SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle.


    rarely used alone . SUBCRUEN'TUS, Hyphamos, fuqaruos.
    The Po'rified STORAX , S. cold'ta , s. puri. That which has the colour and nature of blood.
    An epithet given to certain excreted sub
    fica'ta, is prepared by heating the storax, and stances,
    pressing it in bags , between hot iron plates. which are mixed with blood , have
    Dose, gr. x. to xxx. the appearance of blood .
    Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon peruiferum SUBCRUREI. See Cruræus.
    s . Benzoin , see Benjamin - s. Liquida , Liquid. SUBCUTANEOUS, Subcutaneus, Intercula '.
    ambar styraciflua. ncus, (F. ) Sous-cutané. That which is placed
    6 SUB. A common Latin prefix, signifying immediately
    beneath . ' SUBDELIRIU under the skin .
    M , Typhomania .
    SUBAC TIO , Chiro'sis, melqwQ15. The ope. SUB'DITA , Subditi"lia, Pros'theta . Medi
    ration of making plasters, “extracts , & c . with cines introduced into some one of the natural
    the hand , or with the pestle and mortar. apertures ; -as suppositories, pessaries, & c .
    SUB -ATLOIDÆ'US, Infra -atloida'us, (F.) SUBDITITIA , Subdita .
    Sous- atloidien. That which is situate beneath SUBDUCTIO , Dejection .
    the atlas or first cervical vertebra . Chaussier SUBER , Cork : - the bark of the Quercus
    has given this name to the second pair of cer- Suber or Cork Tree , ( F.) Liége. Family Amen
    vical nerves . taceæ . Sex . Syst. Monæcia Polyandria . Cork ,
    SUB-AXOIDÆ'US, Infra -aroide'us, (F.) when burnt, is applied as a mechanical styptic
    Sous -aroīdien. That which is below the aris to bleeding piles, &c . Surgeons use it for
    or vertebra dentata . Chaussier has given this making tents ; and it has been recommended
    name to the third pair of cervical nerves . to be worn as an amulet to suppress the secre
    SUBBORAS NATRICUM , Borax . tion of milk .
    SUBCARTILAGINEUM , Hypochondre . SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA . A suture,
    SUBCLA'VIAN , Subclavius , from sub, ' un- resulting from the articulation of the os frontis
    der,' and clavis, “ the clavicle.' That which is with the nasal process of the superior maxil
    under the clavicle . lary bone , and the proper bones of the nose .
    The SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES , ( F. ) Artères SUBGRONDATION , Depression .
    SUBHUMERATIO , Catomismos.
    sous -cladières, are situate at the upper part of SUBINFLAMMATION,
    the chest, and the lateral and lower parts of Subinflamma'tio, In
    the neck . The right arises at the correspond- flammatiuncula, Hypophlegmasia . A mild de
    ing side of the trachea, and comes off from the gree of inflammation, so slight as hardly to de
    arteria innominata or brachio -cephalic trunk. serve the name inflammation .
    Broussais understands by the term , an aug
    The left leaves the aorta at the end of the arch .
    Both extend as far as the superior surface of mentation in the vital phenomena of the ves
    the first rib, in the space between the scaleni sels that convey white blood. Lymphatic en
    muscles, beyond which they take the name gorgements, scrofula, herpes, and cancer he
    arillary arteries . The subclavian arteries run , considers subinflammations.
    for some distance, without sending off any SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, Communi
    branch. In the neighbourhood of the first rib, can'tes febres. Fevers, primarily intermittent,
    however, they give off, 1. Upwards, the verte- whose paroxysms approximate, so that one
    bral and inferior thyroideal. 2. Downwards, paroxysm begins before that which preceded
    the internalmammary, and superior intercostal. it has gone through its stages. - L . Bellini.
    3. Outwards, the transverse cervical or posterior SUBLIMAMENTUM , Enæore orema .
    scapular, the superior scapular, and the posterior SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE , Hydrargyri
    cervical or profunda. oxymurias,
    The SUBCLAVUN VEINS, ( F.) Veines sous SUBLIMA'TION , Sublimatio, Meteoris'mus ,
    clavières, succeed the axillary ,and extend from Hypso'sis, & c . from subli'mo," I raise up .' An
    the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, operation, by which dry and solid matters are
    in front of which they pass, to the vena cava volatilized and condensed at the upper part of
    superior, which they form by their union. The a subliming apparatus. The oxymuriate of
    right subclavian vein is very short : the left, mercury, sal ammoniac , & c .are commonly ob
    longer and broader. These veins receive the tained by sublimation. The product of snbli
    mouths of the internal and external jugulars, mationis a Sublimate, Sublima'tum ,Sublimé.
    vertebral, and superior intercostal . "The left SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS , Hydrargyri
    subclavian receives two veins more than the oxymurias .
    right, the left internal mammary and left in. SUBLIME, Sublimate - s. Corrosif, Hydrar
    ferior thyroid. The thoracic duct opens into gyri oxymurias.
    the left subclavian :-the corresponding great SUBLIMIS , " high , elevated , superficial.'
    lymphatic vessel into the right. Anatomists have given the name sublimis to
    The SUBCLAVIAN or SUBClavius Muscle , certain muscles, which are situate more super
    Subclavianus, Costo -claviculaire (Ch.,) ( F.) ficially than their kindredmuscles. These last
    Sous-clavier, is situate at the superior and 'an- they have called profundi, Of the former, the
    terior part of the chest. It is attached, by its flexor sublimis digitorum is an example.
    inner extremity , to the superior surface of the The French use the term ' respiration sublime'
    cartilage of the first rib ; and by its superior for the respiration which is accompanied by
    margin and outer extremity to the inferior sur. considerable elevation of the ribs, with separa
    face of the clavicle. This muscle depresses tion of the alæ nasi at the time of inspiration.
    the clavicle , and carries it forward. When the SUBLIN'GUAL , Sublingua'lis, ,(F. Souslin.
    shoulder is fixed, it can raise the first rib . gual, from sub , " under," and lingua, the
    SUBLUXATIO 662 SUBSULTUS TENDINUM

    tongue.' That which is seated under the SUBMÚRIAS AMMONIACO -HYDRARGY.


    tongue. RICUS, Hydrargyrum præcipitatum .
    The SublinguaL GLAND , Glan'dula sublin . SUBORBITAR , Infra-orbitar, Infra -orbita'
    gua'lis, G. Burtholinia'na , G. Rivinia'na, is lis , Infru-orbitu'rius, ( F.) Suus-orbitaire. That
    seated in the substance of the inferior paries of which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity .
    the mouth , beneath the anterior part of the The SUBORBITAR or INFRA -ORBITAR CANAL,
    tongue. It is smaller than the submaxillary , (F. ) Cunal ou Conduit sous-orbituire, is a small
    of which it frequently seems to be only a pro- canal , which runs obliquely through the sub
    longation . It is oblong, flattened, amygdaloid , stance of the inferior paries of the orbit. It
    and is covered by the mucous membrane of the begins , behind, by a simple gutter, and divides,
    mouth , beneath which it projects. This gland anteriorly, into two branches ;-one of which
    has 10 or 12 excretory ducts ; Ductus Rivinia'- descends into the anterior paries of the Maxil
    ni seu Waltheria'ni, some of which open be- lary sinus , whilst the other passes out, in the
    neath the frænum linguæ, joining Wharton's canine fossa, by an orifice, called Foramen in
    duct, whilst others pierce the mucous mem - fra -orbitarium , (F.) Trou sous-orbitaire. The
    brane of the mouth separately. It has the same infra- orbitar artery and nerve pass along it.
    structure as the parotid . The INFRA -ORBITAR ARTERY proceeds from
    The SUBLINGUAL ARTERY, with some, is the the internal maxillary, from which it separates
    Lingual, ( q. v.) With others, it is a branch, near the anterior and superior part of the zygo
    given off by the lingual opposite the genio- matic fossa . It enters the infra -orbitar canal,
    glossus muscle ,which is distributed, particu- and passes through it, giving branches to the
    Jarly to the sublingual gland, to the mylo anterior and superior dental canal ; issues by
    hyoid , and genio -glossus, muscles, & c . the foramen infra -orbitarium , and divides, in the
    SUBLUXATIO , Sprain . fossa canina , into a number of branches,which
    SUBMAX'ILLARY, Submarilla'ris, (F.2 lose themselves
    infra-orbitar the neighbouring
    veinin follows parts. . The
    the same course
    Sous-marillaire. That which is seated beneath
    the jaw . The INFRA - ORBITAR or SUBORBITAR NERVES
    The SUBMAXILLARYGLAND, Marillary Gland , seem to terminate the superior maxillary.
    is a salivary gland,less than the parotid,seated Theyissue from the infra-orbitar canal by the
    foramen manner
    at theinner side of the ramys and body of the radiated of the same name,
    in the fossaandcanina,
    spreadtoout in a
    divide
    inferiormaxillary bone,in the triangular space into superior or palpebral filaments , inferior or
    between the two bellies of the digastricus internal
    . labial, of nasal, and external or buccul.
    Irregularly ovoid , and flattened on three sur SUBPOPLITÆUS, Poplitæus, muscle.
    faces, it has the same aspect and organization
    SUBPU BIO FEMORALIS, Adductor bre
    as the othersalivary glands . Its excretory duct vis-
    is called Wharton's Duct , and terminates at the s. Prostaticus Compressor prostatæ .
    SUBSC
    side of the frænum linguæ, by a very small ori- from sub,APULA
    “ under,''RIS ( F.) ,Sous-scapulaire,
    and ,scup'ula the shoulder
    fice . It is also called Ductus inferior.
    The SUBMAXILLARY GANGLION is a small ner. blade.' Sous-scupulo -trochinien . That which is
    vous ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It beneath thescapula.
    SUBSCAPULARIS
    Fossa at . A considerable ex
    seems to be formed by the superior branch of cavation the anterior surface or venter of the
    the Vidian nerve , and communicates with the
    lingual nerve of the inferior maxillary. Its scapula,SUBSCAP
    in which the subscapularis is seated.
    filaments form a plexus which penetrates the The ULARIS Muscle , Immersus , In
    submaxillary gland . fra -scapularis, Sous- scapulo-trochinien. ( Ch .,)
    muscle, situate(F.)in Muscle
    SUBMENTAL , Submenta'lis, (F.) Sous-men- Porte-feuille, sous- scapulare.
    the preceding fossa. It Ais
    tal, from sub, under,' and mentum , the chin .' Hat, broad , and triangular ; is attached, by its
    The SUBMENTAL ARTERY is furnished by the base , to the subscapulary fossa, and to the an .
    facial, near the base of the jaw. It passes for- terior lip of the edge of the spine of the scapula,
    wards along the attachment of the mylo-hyoi- and isinserted into the lesser tuberosity of the
    deus, to which it furnishes branches,that cross humerus. It carries the arm in rotation in
    it, to anastomose with those of thesublingual. wards. It can, also, depress it, and bring it
    Near the median line it bifurcates, to be distri- towards the body.
    buted to the chin and muscles of the infra -hyoid SUBÄSTANTIVE , Substanti'dus. An epithet
    region.
    The SUBMENTAL VEin, which accompanies applied Dr. Paris to aliments
    by contradistinctio
    tritious ,in whichaliments
    n to adjective are nu,
    the artery , opens into the labial . which are themselves not possessed of nutritive
    SUBMER'SION , Submersio , from sub, virtues, but impart to the digestive organs great
    6
    " under,' and mergo, I plunge . ' The act of er energy , so as to enable them to extract more
    plunging, or being entirely plunged , in a li- nutriment from the substantive aliments. Meat
    quid . for example , is a substantive aliment; the con
    Asphyr'ia by submersion or drowning,Asphyxia diment, as mustard, eaten with it, an adjectite
    Immer ' sorum , is not owing to a certain quantity aliment.
    of liquid being introduced into the alimentary SUBSTANTIA SPONGIOSA URETHRÆ ,
    or air-passages; but simply to the interception Corpusspongiosum urethre - s . Vitrea dentium ,
    of air, and ofthe respiratory phenomena. " It is Enamel of the teeth .
    a case of suffocation, the signs of which , on SUBSTANTIA OSTOIDEA , See Teeth .
    dissection, are equivocal, without circumstantial SUBSTILLUM , Stillicidium,
    evidence . SUBSULTIO , Palpitation .
    SUBMISSIO , Remission — s . Cordis , Systole . SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM , Clonus sub
    SUBSURDITAS 063 SUDOR

    sultus, Subsultus, Carphologia spasmod'ica, Myo- | nostratis, see Prunus spinosa - s. Cicutæ spissa
    palmus, Twitching of the Tendons, (F.) Sou- tus, Extractum conii - s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpi
    bresaut. Twitching , communicated to the ten . tium - s. Gastricus , Gastric juice - s. Japonicus,
    dons by the involuntary and instantaneous con- Catechu - s. Nerveus , Nervous fluid - s. Nutri
    traction of the muscular fibres. It is more tius, Cbyle-s. Spissatus aconiti napelli , Ex
    observable at the wrist than elsewhere ; and is tractum aconiti - s. Spissatus atropæ belladonnæ,
    an evidence of great cerebral irritability, and de- Extractum belladonna - s. Spissatus conii ma.
    bility, when it occurs at an advanced period of culati, Extractum cicutæ-s. Spissatus hyoscya
    fever. mi nigri , Extractum hyoscyami - s. Spissatus
    The muscular agitations or twitchings ob- lactuca sativæ , Extractum lactucæ.
    served in febrile diseases, especially of children, SUCCUSSION , Hippocratic Succussion , Suc
    have been termed Convulsibilitás, Scelotyrbé cus'sio. A mode of ascertaining the existence
    febri'lis , and Irritabilitas morbo'sa . of a fluid in the thorax , by giving the body one
    SUBSURDITAS, Deafness. or more slight shakes.
    SUBU'BERES, from sub, “under,'and ubera , Succussion , Ballottement .
    the breasts .' Infantes sugentes,Sucking children . SUCHOR , Saccharuin .
    Infants at the breast, in contradistinction to the SUCKING , Suctio, Suctus, Athelx'is, Bdalsis,
    Exuberes, antoyadaxtou, or those which have Myze'sis, ( F.) Succion. The act ofdrawing liquid
    been weaned . into the mouth, by forming a vacuum with the
    SUBVOLA , Hypothenar. tongue acting as a piston , during inspiration .
    SUC GASTRIQUE, Gastric juice—s. Medul- TO SUCKLE . Lactare, ycłaxtorpoqeir ,
    laire, Marrow . Ti Grquerr, (F.) Allaiter ou Alaiter. To give
    SUCCA' G O. " The inspissated juices of suck . To nurse .
    plants ----robs, jellies, & c. SUCKLING , Lactation .
    SUCCEDA NEUM , Substitu'tum , Antembal- SUCRE , Saccharum - s. Candi, Saccharum
    lom'enos, Quid pro quo. An epithet for medicines, candidum - s.de Saturne , Plumbi superacetas.
    that may be substituted for others possessing SUCTIO, Exsuctio , Sucking.
    similar properties. SUCTION POWER is the force exerted on
    SUCCHAR , Saccharum . the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation
    SUCCIN , Succinum . of the heart . See Derivation .
    SUCCINI RESINA , Musk , artificial. SUCTUS , Sucking ,
    SUCCINUM , Electrum, Ambra, Ambram , SU DAM'INA , Hydro'a, or Hidro'a , from
    Ampar, Bereni'cē , Amber, Yellow Amber, (F.) sudor , ' sweat ; ' Boa. Small vesicles, which
    Succin , Ambre jaune. This substance , which is appear upon the skin , especially in the summer
    found on the shores of the Baltic , is composed time, and in hot countries, and in diseases al
    of a resinous matter, of essential oil , and an tended with much sweating. It is a miliary,
    acid , sui generis. It is inodorous , except when ( 9. v.) eruption.
    heated or rubbed . It is insipid ; in fragments SUVAMINA, Desudatio, Echauboulures, Lichen
    of a pale golden yellow colour ; transparent, tropicus.
    and has a shining lustre . S. G. 1.08 : insoluble SUDARIUM , Achicolum , Vaporarium .
    in water, and slightly acted on by alcohol . It SUDATIO, Ephidrosis.
    is used for affording iis essential oil - the Oleum SUDATORIUM, Achicolum , Vaporarium .
    or Balsamum Succini . This oil possesses stimu- SUDOR , Hidros, (F.) Sueur . The product of
    lant, antispasmodic , diuretic , and rubefacient cutaneous transpiration , when, visible on the
    properties, ( F. ) Huile de Succin . surface of the body . It is colourless ; of an
    The white amber, Leucelec'trum, (F.) Ambre odour more or less strong and variable ; and of
    blanc, is a variety . a saline laste. It is composed , according to
    The Succin'ic Acid, Acidum Succini, A. Suc- Berzelius, of water, lactic acid , lactate of soda
    cinicum , Acor succineus , Sal Succini, Sal volatile united with a little animal matter , muriate of
    Succini, has been considered antispasmodic and soda, and a little muriate of potassa,an atom of
    diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of iron.
    grains. Supor Anglicus, Hidron'osos, Hidropyr'etos,
    Succinum CINEREUM , Ambergris-s. Gri Febris sudato'ria, Morbus sudatorius,Ephem'era
    seum , Ambergris. malig'na , E. sudatoria, E. An' glica pes'tilens,
    SUCCION, Sucking. Swealiny Sickness, ( F.) Suette , Sueur Anglaise.
    SUCCISA , Scabiosa succisa . A very severe epidemic disease, characterized
    SUCCOLATA , Chocolate . by profuse sweating, which appeared in Eng.
    SUCCORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus. land in 1486 ; and recurred, at different times,
    SUCCUBUS, from sub , and cuba'rê, “ to lie until about the middle of the 16th century . It
    under.' Some authors have used this word was accompanied with coldness, excessive pros
    synonymously with Nightmare. Others mean, tration of strength , palpitation , frequency and
    by it, a female phantom , with which a man , in inequality of the pulse , & c., and terminated
    his sleep sometimes believes he has intercourse ; favourably or unfavourably in the course of 24
    -as Incubus, ( q. v .) has been applied to the male hours .
    phantom , with which a female may dream she The French have given the name SUETTE DE
    is similarly siluate . PICARDIE , Sudor Picurd'icus, lo an epidemic
    SUECUS, Juice. The fluid obtained by disease , which has appeared several times in
    pressing plants, flesh ,& c. It is, also, applied to that province; the principal symptoms of which
    certain animal fluids, as S. gastricus , &c . were, profuse sweats , and a miliary eruption .
    SUCCUS ACACIA GERMANICÆ IN- The disease recurred in 1821, and has been
    SPISSAT US, see Prunus spinosa - s. Acaciæ described , at length, by M. Rayer, who con
    SUDORIFIC 664 SULPHUR

    siders it to consist of a simultaneous state of incipient putrefaction. It is common in dead


    inflammation of various tissues; and proposes bodies. To this last case it is, indeed, restricted
    to class it with variola, scarlatina, and ineasles . by some medico- legal writers: and an interest
    Sudor CRUEN'TUS, S. sanguin'eus, Hæma- ing question sometimes arises: - Whether the
    tidro'sis, Ephidro'sis cru'enta Cutaneous per- appearance has been induced before death or
    spiration intermixed with blood . A very un- afterwards ? Whether it is a case of ecchymosis
    common affection . or of sugillation ? In the former, the extra
    SUDOR SANGUINEUS, S. cruentus . vasated blood will usually be coagulated ; not
    SUDORIFYIC , Sudorif'icum , Sudorif'erum , so in the latter. It is often, however, difficult ke

    Hidrol'icum , from sudor, sweat,' and fucio , 1 to form a correct judgment without reference
    make .' A medicine which provokes sweating to the history of the case. Th
    See Diaphoretic. SU'ICIDE, Suici'dium; from suicædes, mur
    The Four SUDORIFIC Woods, Quatuor ligna der of one's self.' The act of killing one's self. S
    sudorifica, were , formerly , guaiacum , perfumed Autochi'ria , Melancho'liu Suicid'ium , Autocton' ph!
    cherry, sursaparilla , and sassafras. in, Idiocton'ia. Suicide is, very frequently , the
    SƯÉT , Sevum . result of disease of the mind ; the individual
    SUETTE, Sudor anglicus-s. de Picardie, seeming, at times, to be irresistibly impelled to
    self -destruction
    POI
    Sudor Picardicus. . Pei
    SUEUR , Sudor-3. Anglaise, Sudor Anglicus SUIE , Fuligo.
    -s. d'Expression, Expression , sweat of-s. de SUIF , Sevum .
    Sang, Diapedesis . SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia.
    SUFFIMEN'TUM , Hypocapnis'ma, Suffi'men, SULCATUS , Cannelė, Grooved .
    Thymia'ma, Sufli'tus, Suffumiga'tio, (F.) Parfum . SULCUS. A furrow . ( F. ) Sillon . Anato Tet
    A perfume. A fumigation, ( 9. v .) mists have given this name to grooves on the
    SUFFITUS, Fumigation, Suffimentum . surface of bones and other organs.
    SUFFOCATIO , Orthopnæa - 3. Hysterica, French writers on anatomy often use the
    Hysteria, Strangulation, uterine- s. Stridula, term Sillons for the grooves which lodge the
    Cynanche trachealis - s. Uterina, Strangulation , arteries and creep on the surface of bones ;
    uterine. whilst those that receive veins are called gout 10
    SUFFOCATION, Suffoca'tio, Prafocatio, tières, " gutters.' Tos
    Apopnix'is, Asphyxia, (q. v.) Death , or sus- Sulcus, Groove-s. Antero-posterior jecoris, lan
    pended animation from impeded respiration , see Liver -- s. Transversalis, see Liver - s. Um ter
    whether caused by the inhalation of noxiousgases, bilicalis, see Liver.
    drowning, hunging, strangling , or smothering. SULFATE D'AMMONIAQUE , Ammonia
    The principal morbid appearances in such cases sulphas. Se
    are :- the lungs of a deep blue colour, with the SULFURE DE CARBON , Carbonis sulphu. E
    blood extravasated in the air-cells ; right auricle retum.
    and ventricle filled with dark blood , as well as SULPHAS AMMONIACÆ CUPRATUS ,
    the neighbouring veins ; lividity of the coun. Cuprum ammoniatum - s. Cadmicus, Cadmii
    tenance, turgescence, and , perhaps, rupture of Sulphas - s. Kalico-aluminicum , Alumen - s.
    the vessels of the brain . Natricus, Soda , sulphate of — s. Zincicum , Zinci
    Treatment of suspended animation by suffo- sulphas .
    cation in general. The patient must be con- SULPHUR, Sulfur, Scorith , Thei'on , Thi'on ,
    veyed into a room not too warm ; and , if prac- Arerich, Terra folia'ta , Fumus citrinus,Aquila ,
    ticable, be immersed in a warm bath , Blood- Brimstone, ( F.) Soufre. The Native Sulphur is But
    letting must be used , if at all , with caution :- called Rock Sulphur, Sulphur vivum , & c. Sul BT
    friction must be employed with salt or warm phur, as we meet with it, is in rolls, Sulphur in
    flannels :-stimulating fluids, in a dilute state, rot'ulis, S. rotun'dum , Roll. Brimstone. It is a E
    be poured into the stomach by meansofa tube , volcanic production , and is obtained , in large
    Tue
    and attempts be made to inflate the lungs. quantities, from Solfatara in Italy . Roll Sul
    Laryngotomy , if necessary . phur is impure sulphur, melted , and run into
    SUFFOCATION, Pnigophobia ,(F.) Étouffement, noulds. It is unpleasantly odorous, when
    is used for threatened suffocation,as strangling heated or rubbed ; insipid ; solid , and brittle.
    is. It means the state of dyspnea and oppres- S. G. 1.99. Fusible at 226°; volatilizable by
    sion experienced when a sufficient quantity of beat, and condensing unchanged.
    air does not enter the lungs,or when the chemi- The Sulphur SUBLIMA'TUM , Sublimed Sul. ic
    cal phenomena of respiration are imperfectly phur or Flowers of Sulphur , (F.) Soufre sublimé,
    executed ;-as in cases of asthma. Fleurs de Soufre, is the sulphur of commerce ,
    SUFFUMIGATION , Suffimentum . sublimed in close vessels.
    SUFFUSIO , Pseudoblepsia - s. Auriginosa, The Sulphur Lotum , Sulphur sublima'tum
    Icterus - s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia - s. Oculi,lotum , Washed Sulphur, Magiste'rium Sulphuris,
    Cataract - s. Oculorum , Metamorphopsia. Sulphuris Flores loti , is prepared by pouring
    SUGAR , Saccharum - s. Barley ,Penidium- boiling water on sublimed sulphur, so as to $0
    s. Candy, Saccharum candidum - s. Cane, see wash away any acid it may contain , and then lio
    Saccharum - s. of Lead, Plumbi superacelas. drying it.
    SUGARS, VARIOUS, see Saccharum . The Sulphur PrÆCIPITA'Tum , Lac Sulphuris, fr
    SUGILLATION. A bruise. By mostauthors Milk of Sulphur, Precipitu'ted Sulphur, (F.)
    used synonymously with Ecchymosis and Ec- Crème de Soufre, is prepared by boiling sublimed
    chymnoma, ( q. v . ) It is, also, applied to the sulphur and lime together, and adding muriatic
    spots or ecchymoses which occur in conse- acid to precipitate the sulphur.
    quence of intrinsic causes ,-in disease and in Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, laxative ,
    5
    SULPHURETUM 665 SUPERIOR AURIS
    1

    and diaphoretic properties. As a laxative , it is SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS OF.


    used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In S. is a village in the department of the Upper
    the itch, applied externally and taken internal- Rhine; where are several sources of cold , aci
    ly , it may be considered as a specific (?); and it is dulous waters, which seem to contain carbonic
    a valuable remedy in most cutaneousaffections acid , subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of
    that are local. Dose, gss to zij . lime, sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen .
    The fæces or dregs, left in the purification or They are refrigerant,aperient,and alterative.
    sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Brim- SÚMAC DESCORROYEURS, Rhus coria
    stone , Dregs of Sulphur vivum , Sulphur caballi'- ria — s.Vénéneur, Rhus toxicodendron.
    num , S. vidum , Sulphuris vivi ' recreien'ta. SUMACH , Rhius coriaria.
    They are very impure, and are used only ex- SUMEN, Hypogastrium .
    ternally . SUMMER VISEASES, see Estival-s. Rash ,
    Sulphur ANTIMONIATUM , Antimonii sul- Lichen tropicus.
    phuretum præcipitatum—s . Carburet of, Carbo. SUNBURN, Ephelides — s. Dew, Drosera
    nis sulphuretum-s. Iodatum , see lodine -- s. Rotundifolia - s. Pain , see Hemicrania - s. Sun
    ſodide of, see lodine - s. Liver of, Potasse sul- rash , Lichen - s. Stroke , Coup de soleil .
    phuretum - s. Vegetable , Lycopodium-s. Wort, SUNSTROKE , EGYPTIAN , Coup de soleil.
    Peucedanum . SUPER . A common Latin prefix ; in com.
    SULPHURETUM AMMONIACÆ , Am . position , signifying above .'
    moniæ sulphuretum - s. Ammoniæ hydrogena. SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi.
    tum , Liquor fumans Boylii-s. Kalicum , Po- SUPERCILIARIS , Corrugator supercilii..
    tassæ sulphuretum --s. Lixiviæ , Potassæ sulphu- SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilia'ris.That which
    retum . relates to the supercilia or eyebrows. (F.) Sour
    SULPHU'RIC ACID, Ac"idum Sulphu'ri- cilier ou Surcilier.
    cum vel Sulfuricum , Oleum Vitrioli , Spir'ilus The SUPERCIL'IARY Arches or Ridges, ( F. )
    Vitrioli, S. V. fortis,Acidum vitriol'icum , Oil of Arcades sourcilières, are two, slightly project
    Vitriol, Vitriol'ic Acid, Acidum Vitrioli dephlo- ing, apophyses, situate at the anterior surface
    gistica'tum , Acor Sulphuris. Sulphuric acid is of the os frontis, above the superior margin of
    inodorous; has a strong acid taste, and is cor- the orbits. They are separated by the nasal
    rosive. S. G. 1.850. It is escharotic, stimu- bosse, and covered by the superciliáris muscle,
    lant, rubefacient. Mixed with lard , it is some to which they give attachment.
    times used in local pains, and certain cutaneous SUPERCIL’IUM , Ophrys, Vallum , ( F. ) Sour
    affections. cil. The eyebrows are two arched eminences,
    The Acidum SULPHURICUM DILUTUM , Dilute -convex above , and more or less prominent,
    Sulphuric Acid , Acidum vitriol'icum dilutum, according to the individual, - which lie on the
    Elixir of Vitriol, Elixir vitrioli, Spiritus vitrioli superciliary arch of the os frontis, above the
    acidus Vogle'ri, (F.) Acide sulfurique délaye , is eyelids, and extend from the sides of the root of
    formed, according to the London Pharmaco- the nose to the temple . Their inner extremity
    pæia, by adding aq .destillat. Zxiss to acid. sulph. or head is more prominent than the outer or
    Ziss. It is tonic, astringent, and refrigerant. tail.Theeyebrows are covered with short and
    Dose, gtt. x to xx, largely diluted. When used stiff hairs, which are directed, obliquely , from
    as a gargle, half a drachm may be added to zvj within outwards, and are , commonly , of the
    of water . colour of the hair.
    The Acidum SULPHURICUM AROMAT'ICUM , A. The skin in which these hairs are implanted ,
    vitriolicum aromaticum , A. vitrioli cum alcohole rests on the orbicularis palpebrarum , frontalis,
    aromaticum , Elixir vitrioli, E. V. uromaticum , and superciliaris muscles, which move the eye
    E.vitrioliMynsich'ti,
    sium , E. vitrioli E. vitriol EdinburgenE.. brows
    cuire tinctu'râ aromatica, in different directions.
    The eyebrows serve as an ornament to the
    vitrioli dulcë seu acido-aromaticum , Alcoholcum countenance; and by covering the eye, defend
    aromat'ibus sulphurica'tus, Tinctu'ra acidi sul. it froin the impression of too strong a light.
    phurici, is formed of rectified spirit
    acid Zxvj, cinnamon ziss, ginger ibij, sulphuric They direct the perspiration, also, from the eye.
    3j. Dose, SUPERCILIUM ACETABʼuli. The edge of the
    gut. x . to xxx . Ph . L. cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum .
    SUL'PHUROUS ACID , Acidum sulphuros'- SUPEREVACUATIO , Hypercrisis .
    icum , A. sulphuris volatile, 1. Sulphuro'sum vel SUPERFECUNDATIO , Superfætation.
    Sulfurosum , Spiritus sulphuris, Spiritus sulphu- SUPERFETA'TION , Superfætatio, Epicyd'.
    ro'sus volai'ilis, Sp. sulphuris per campa'nam, sis, Superimprægnatio , Epig'onon , Superfæcun
    Sp. vitrioli phlogistica'tus, Gas sulphuris, ( F.) da'tio, Epicye'ma, from superfætdre, 'to con
    Acide Sulfureux, Air Acide Vitriolique. Ob ceive again. Conception of a fætus in a uterus
    tained by treating mercury with concentrated which already contains one. The impregna
    sulphuric acid , or by burning sulphur. It is tion of a female already pregnant. The possi
    sometimes used in the gaseous, at others, in the bility of this has been denied,but thereis abun
    liquid state. Sulphureous acid gas is used to dant evidence to show, that it is possible at a
    disinfect cloths, confined air, letters coming very early period ofpregnancy.
    from infected places , & c. It is also exhibited, SUPEŘGEMINALIS , Epididymis.
    with great success , in the form of fumigation , SUPERGENUALIS , Patella.
    in the treatment of certain chronic cutaneous SUPERHUMERALE , Epomis.
    affections, and of sciatic and rheumatic pains, SUPERIMPRÆGNATIO , Superfætation.
    in general . If respired pure, it acts in the man- SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem .
    ner of violent irritants ; and is not long in pro- SUPERIOR ROTUNDUS CLITORIDIS, Ischio -ca .
    ducing death . vernous .

    84
    SUPERLABIA 666 SUPRA - SPINATUS

    SUPERLABIA , Clitoris . ( pain , which , from being lancinating, becomes


    SUPEROXALÁS KALICUM , Potass, oxa- heavy ; by a sense of weight in the part, and,
    late of. when the collection of pus can be easily felt, by
    SUPERPURGATIO , Hypercatharsis. fluctuation. When pus is thus formed in the
    SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus—s. In- cellular membrane, and is collected in one or
    ferior, Infra spinatus. more cavities, it constitutes an abscess. If it be
    SUPINATĖUR COURT ou PETIT, Supina- formed from a surface exposed to the air , it is
    tor radii brevis-s. Grand ou long , Supinator an ulcer ; and such ulcerswe are in the habit of
    radii longus. establishing artificially in certain cases of disease .
    SU PINATION , Supinatio, from supi'nus, SUP'PURATIVE , Suppu'rans , Suppurati'.
    • lying on the back. The movement in which rus, Diapye'ticus, Ecpye'ticus, Erpriscon'tus.
    the forearm and hand are carried outwards, so That which facilitates suppuration. Suppura
    that the anterior surface of the latter becomes tives are , generally , vesicants mixed with lard .
    superior. SUPRA. A common Latin prefix : in com
    In Pathology, Supination , Supinatio, Hyp- position, signifying “above.'
    tias'ma ,Hyptias'mus, means the horizontalposi- SUPRA -COSTA'LES , Lerato'res Cosldrum ,
    tion on the back , with the head thrown back , (F.) Sur -costaux. A name given to twelve
    and the legs and arms extended. It is often a small, fleshy fasciculi, which are flattened, tri
    sign of great weakness in disease . angular, and with radiating fibres. They pass
    SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon . That which from the transverse processes of the dorsal ver
    produces supination . A name given to two tebræ to the superior margin of the rib beneath .
    muscles of the forearm . Spigelius , Cowper, Boyer, Chaussier, and others
    SUPINATOR BREVIS seu MINOR, Supinator consider them to form part of the intercostales
    radii brevis-s. Longus seu major, S. radii externi .
    Jongus . SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Supra -orbita'lis, Supra
    The SUPINATOR Radu Longus , S. longus sive orbita'rius. That which is situate above the
    major, Bra'chio - radia'lis, Huméro - sus-radial, orbit.
    (Ch. ,) ( F. ) Long ou grund supinateur, is seated The ForA'MEN SUPRA - ORBITARTUM , F. orbita .
    at the anterior and outer part of the forearm . rium superius, ( F. ) Trou sus -orbitaire ou orbi
    It arises from the inferior part of the outer edge taire supérieur, is a foramen or notch com
    of the os humeri, and from the external inter- pleted by a ligament at the inner third of the
    muscular aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a orbitar arch. It gives passage to the supra
    long tendon, into the outer edge of the radius, orbitar or superciliary artery, a branch of the
    near the base of the styloid process. It causes ophthalmic, which ascends the forehead , and is
    the supination of the forearm, which it can distributed thereto .
    likewise bend on the arm . SUPRA -PU'BIAN ,, Supra -pubic, Supra-pu
    SUPINATOR Radu BREVIS, S.brevis seu mi. bia'nus. That which is seated above tbe pubis.
    nor , Epicondylo -radial, ( Ch.,) ( F.) Supinateur The Supra - PUBIAN NERVE , ( F.) Nerf suspu .
    court ou petit supinateur. A muscle, seated at bien, is the internal ramus of the inguino-cuta
    the outer and back part of the forearm . It is neous branch of the first lumbar nerve. It is
    flattened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in the genito-crural branch of Bichat. It descends
    such a manner, that it einbraces the superior almost vertically before the psoas muscle ; and ,
    extremity of the radius. It is attached, on the near the crural arch , divides into two branches.
    one hand , to the external tuberosity of the hu. One of these accompanies the spermatic cord ,
    merus, and to a small portion of the posterior and is distributed to the cremaster, scrotum ,
    surface of the ulna, and is inserted into the and integuments on the inner part of the
    upper third of the outer and upper surfaces of thigh. The other issues from the pelvis with
    the radius. It produces, by contracting, the the femoral filaments; traverses the aponeu
    motion of supination. rosis of the thigh; and is distributed to the in
    SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre- teguments of the upper and anterior part of the
    tended . limb.
    SUPPOSITORIUM UTERINUM , Pessary. SUPRA - SCAPULARIS , Supra -spinatus.
    SUPPOSITORY, Supposito'rium , Hypoth'. SUPRA -SEMIORBICULARIS , Orbicularis
    eton , from suppon'ere, ' to put under.' Any oris.
    solid medicine, in the form of a long .cone or SUPRA SPINATUS, Supra - spino'sus, ( F. )
    cylinder, intended to be introduced into the Sur- épineur, Sus-épineur. That which is seat
    rectum ; -- vither for the purpose of favouring ed above the spine.
    intestinal evacuations , or to act as an anodyne. The Fossa SUPRA-SPINATA , ( F.) Fosse Sus
    Purgative suppositories are made of soap,aloes, épineuse, is a triangular depression above the
    or any other irritating substance . spine of the scapula .
    SUPPRESSIO LOTII, Ischuria . The Supra -SPINATUS MUSCLE, Super - scapu
    SUPPRESSION DE PART . See Parturi- la'ris, Sus-spino-scapulo-trochitérien , Supra - sca
    tion . pularis, Petit sus-scapulo-trochitérien , (Ch.) is
    SUPPURANS, Suppurative. situate in the fossa supra -spinata. It is elon
    SUPPURA'TION , Ecpyema, Purulen'tia, gated, thick , and triangular,and is attached , on
    Pyo'sis, Pye'sis, Diapyema, Diapye'sis ( F.) the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the
    Aboutissement. Forination or secretion of pus, fossa supra-spinata ; and terminates, on the
    (q. v. , and also Pyogenia .), andIt ismaya occur
    frequent other, at the anterior part of the great tube
    termination of inflammation in rosity of the humerus. This muscle raises
    almost all the tissues . This termination is an- the arm .
    nounced by slight chills ; by remission of the The LIGAMEN’TA SUPRA - SPINOSA , Supra-spi
    SURA 667 SUSPIRIUM

    nal ligaments, are two in number. ] . The SURPEAU, Epidermis.


    Dorso -lumbar-supra -spinal ligament, (F.) Liga- SURRECTA ALBA , Ranunculus flammula .
    ment sur -épineur dorso-lombaire, extending SURSELS. See Salt .
    above the spinous processes of the dorsal and SURTOUTS LIGAMENTEUX DE LA CO.
    lumbar vertebræ , from the 7th cervical as far as
    the median crista of the sacrum . 2. Cervical LONNE VERTÉBRALE, Vertebral ligaments.
    supra -spinal ligament , ( F.) Ligament sur -épi. SURVIE, Survivorship.
    neur cervical, which extends above all the cervi- SURVI'VORSHIP , froin supervid'erë, ( F.).
    cal spinous processes, and is attached , above , to Survivre, ' to live longer,' ( F.) Survie. In legal
    the outer occipital protuberance . medicine, this word means the probability that
    SURA. The calf of the leg, (F.) Mollet, Gras any individual has survived others in an acci.
    de Jambe. The projection , formed at the poste- dent, which has been fatal to all. This is often
    rior part of the leg by the gastrocnemii mus. an important question , connected with the in
    cles : the fibula , ( q. v.) heritance of property ,and on which physiology
    SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Super- can rarely afford more than presumptive grounds
    ciliary . for conclusion .
    SURCOSTAUX, Supracostalis. SU S-ACROMIO -HUMÉRAL, Deltoid- $ .
    SURDENT, (F.) supra, above , ' and dens , ' a Epinéur, Supraspinatus -- s. Marillo -labial, Le
    tooth .' When a milk tooth does not fall out at vator anguli oris - s. Maxillo-labial, grand, Le
    the period of the second dentition ,but is merely vator labii superioris alæque nasi - 5. Maxillo
    forced to one side by the new tooth, it is called labial,moyen ,Levator labii superioris proprius
    a surdent. -s.Maxillo -nasal, Compressor naris - s. Oplico
    SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness. sphéno -scléroticien , Rectus superior oculi- s.
    SURDITE , Cophosis , Deafness. Phalangien du pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis
    SUREAU COMMUN , Sambucus. s. Pubio-fémoral, Pectinalis - s. Scapulo-trochi
    SURELLE , Oxalis acetosella . térien, le plus petil, Teres minor -- 5. Scapulo
    SUREPINEUX, Supraspinatus . trochiterien , petit, Supraspinatus-s. Spino-sca
    SURFEIT , Colica crapulosa . pulo -trochitérien , Supraspinatus.
    SURGEON , Chirur' geon ; old French , Sur- SUSCEPTIBILITY. Sensibility , in its most
    gien , Chiro'nar, Chirur'gus, Vulnerum med'. enlarged acceptation . Impressibility. This
    zcus, Cheiria'ter, Chirid'ter, ( F.) Chirur'gien , term , with the epithet nervous, is sometimes
    from 2010 , ' the hand ,' and soyor, ' work . ' One used for that increase in the moral sensibility
    who practises surgery. The surgeon , says which is particularly observed in nervous ai.
    Celsus, ought to be young , or , at all events , fections.
    not advanced in life . His hand must be steady , SUSPENDICULUM , Cremaster.
    expert, and never tremulous : he inust use the SUSPENSOIRE , Suspensory .
    right or left with equal facility : his sight must SUSPENSORIUM TESTIS, Cremaster .
    be clear and penetrating: his mind intrepid ; SUSPEN’SORY, Suspenso'rius, from suspen '.
    and although unmoved when he proceeds to dere, ' to hang under,' ( F.) Suspensoire. That
    operate , he must not be in haste , or cut less which sustains or suspends.
    than is necessary , but finish his operation, as if The SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF THE LIVER
    the cries of the patient made no impression is a triangular duplicature of the peritoneum ,
    upon him . between the inferior surface of the diaphragm
    SURGEON -APOTH'ECARY. One who unites and the upper surface of the liver, which is
    the practice of surgery with that of the apothe continuous with the great falx of the umbilical
    cary. A general practitioner. vein .
    SURGEON - DENTIST, Dentist . The SuspenSORY LIGAMENT Of The Penis
    SURÄGERY , Chirurgia, Chiriatria , Cheirix'- is a fibro -cellular fascia, of a triangular shape,
    is, Metacheirix'is, Medici'na operati'ra, Medici'- which extends from the anterior part of the
    na ef'ficur, ( F.) , Chirurgie. The part of the symphysis pubis to the corpus cavernosum,
    healing art which relates to external diseases; which it sustains. A similar ligament belongs
    their treatment; and , especially, to the manual to the clitoris.
    operations adapted for their cure . The SuspensORY BANDAGE , Suspenso'rium ,
    SURGERY, ANAPLASTIC , Morioplastice ---s. Au- is a bandage , intended to support the scrotum ,
    toplastic, Morioplastice - s. Dental, Dentistry. in cases of disease of the testicles or of scrotal
    OPERATIVE SURGERY is termed Acur'gia , and hernia. It consists of a kind of bag, fixed above
    Acidur'gia to a cincture , and retained below by strings,
    MILITARY SURGERY, (F.) Chirurgie militaire, passing between the thighs, and fixed to the
    is that which relates to the operations to be cincture behind .
    performed on the field of battle, or subsequent- SUSPENSUM , Enxorema.
    ly ;-with the attention to be paid to the wound- SUSPIRIUM , Mygmus, Mych'mus,Mychthis .
    ed , & c . mus, Stenag'mus, Stenar'is. Å sigh, (F.) Soupir.
    SUR'GICAL , Chirurgicus, ( F.) Chirurgical, A slow, voluntary contraction of thediaphragm
    Chirurgique. That which relates to surgery , and intercostalmuscles; the effect of which is ,
    as surgical anatomy, surgical operations, surgi- to restore the due relation between the circu
    cal instruments, &c . lation and respiration ,or to free ourselves from
    SURGIEN , Surgeon . an inconvenient sense of weight felt in the
    SURINAMINE."See Geoffræa Surinamensis. chest, when we are much depressed — a weight,
    SUROXYGENÈSES. A name given by which appears to be chiefly dependent on the
    Baumes to discases attributed by that physi- functions ofthe heart being disturbed through
    cian to superabundance of oxygen , the moral influence. The sigh differs from the
    SUSURRUS 668 SWELLING

    sob: —the latter being involuntary and spas- the needle first into one lip of the wound from
    modic . within outwards, then into the other in the
    Sighing, occurring in fevers to a great extent,same way; and, in this manner, sewing up the
    indicates considerable depression . When ac whole extent of the wound . It has been chiefly
    companied with a vocal sound , it constitutes a used in wounds of the intestinal canal . It is
    groan. now rarely employed except for stitching up
    SUSURRUS, Bourdonnement, Tinnitus au- dead bodies. The common stitch or suture,
    rium . Sutura punctuta, (F.) Suture à points passés, has
    been used in similar cases .
    SUTELA , Suture .
    SUTORIUS , Sartorius . 4. The Royal Stitch or SUTURE is the name
    SUTTER , Saccharum . of an old operation for the cure of Bubonocele .
    SUTURA ABDOMINALIS,Gastroraphy , It consisted in putting a ligature under the her.
    s. Arcualis, Coronal suture-s. Clavata, Suture nial sac, close to the abdominal ring, and then
    quilled - s. Fronto parietalis, Coronal suture- tying that part of the sac, so as to render it im
    6. Jugalis, Sagittal suture -s . Lambdoidalis, pervious, by the adhesive inflammation thus
    Lambdoid suture - s. Lepidoides, Squamous su-excited.
    ture - s. Mendosa,Squamous
    Sagittal suture-s. Obelæa, 5. The TwiSTED SUTURE, (F.) Suture entor
    suture - s. Proræ, Lambdoid suture - s tillée , is employed , chiefly, to unite wounds of
    Punctata, Suture common - s. Puppis, Coronal thecheeks and ofthe free edge of the lips . To
    suture - s. Rhabdoides, Sagittal suture-s. Vir- perform it, a pin or needle is passed through
    gata , Sagittal suture . the edges of the wound, so as to keep them
    SUTURE, Sutu'ra , Sutela , Armē, Rhaphe, accurately in contact. A piece of thread is
    from suo, ' I stitch .' Dovetail joint,( F.) Engre- then wound accurately round the pin, from one
    nure .A kind of immovable articulation, in side of the division to the other, in the form of
    which the bones unite by means of serrated the figure o. The number of pins and sutures
    edges, which are, as it were , dovetailed into must, of course, correspond with the extent of
    each other. The articulations of the greater the wound . This is the suture used in cases of
    part of the bones of the skullare of this kind. harelip, (q.v.)
    The coronal , lambdojdal, and sagittal sutures 6. The Suture à Anse of Le Dran has only
    are called true sutures ; the two temporal are been employed in cases of wounds of the intes.
    called false sutures. tines . For this purpose , the edges of the wound
    SUTURE, in Surgery, Rha'phê,means an ope- are brought together, and as many needles, with
    ration which consists in stitching the lips of a unwaxed threads, used as there are to be stitches.
    wound to procure their union . The suture Each stitch is then made by passing a needle
    was, at one time , largely employed : but, in through the edges ; and all the ligatures which
    modern times, its use has been wisely restrict-belong to one side of the wound, are tied to
    ed . There are few wounds in which the edges gether, and twisted so as to form a thread,which
    may not be brought together by adhesiveplaster is fixed externally.
    appropriately applied . This kind of union, by SUTURE À POINTS PASSÉS, Suture,
    adhesive plaster simply , bas been absurdly common - s. Compound , şuture, quilled - s.
    termed Sutura sicca or dry suture, in opposition Continued, S. Glover's — s. Écailleuse,Squamous
    to the Sutura cruenta or suture, properly so syturer - s. Empennée, Suture, quilled - s. Em
    called . plumée, Suture, quilled - s. Enchevillée, Suture,
    The suture is generally performed with waxed quilled - s. Entortillée, Suture, twisted - s. En
    thread and straight or curved needles, accord. trecoupée, Suture , interrupted — s. False, Har
    ing to the arrangement of parts . mony - s. Occipitale,Lambdoid suture-s. Occi
    The chief sutures are the interrupted suture , pito- parietal, Lambdoid suture - s. de Pelletier,
    the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the Suture, Glover's - s. à Points separés, Suture ,
    twisted suture . interrupted -- s. Squameuse, Squamous suture
    1. The INTERRUPTED SUTURE , (F.) Suture à s. en Surget, Suture , Glover's — s. Superficial,
    points séparés, Suture entrecoupée,is performed Harmony - s. Uninterrupted, see Glover's.
    by passing a needle, armed with a ligature, SWADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing
    through the lips of the wound , previously clothes.
    brought into contact, and then tying the ex- SWALLOW , Hirundo-s. Wort, Asclepias
    tremities of the thread . The other stitches are vincetoxicom .
    made in the same manner . They are separate SWATHING or SWADDLING CLOTHES ,
    or interrupted. It is the suture most common . Incunabu'la, Fascie , Panni, from Sax. rpesan,
    ly used . bind
    i to Maillot. The kind
    , ' (F.) ofclothing
    2. The Quilled SUTURE , Sutura clara'ta ,(F.) or bandaging formerly applied to children du .
    Suture encherilléeou emplumée ou empennée, Com- ring the first year of life. It is now , properly,
    pound Suture, is merely the interrupted suture , laid aside, and every freedom allowed to mus.
    with this difference , that the ligatures are not cular exertion .
    tied over the face of the wound , but over two SWEAT SCAB , Crusta genu equinæ .
    quills or rolls of plaster, or bougies, which are SWEATING OFBLOOĎ, see Diapedesis
    Jaid along the sides of the wound. It is used s. Sickness , Sudor Anglicus.
    by some surgeons , on account of there being SWEETFLAG , Acorus calamus.
    less danger of the stitches tearing out. It is SWEETPOD , Ceratonium siliqua .
    not much employed. SWELLING , Eræde'sis, Presis , Ertumefac'.
    3. The Glover's SUTURF, Continued Suture,tio, Tumor, Tumefactio, (F.) Enflure, Gonfle
    Uninterrupted Suture, ( F. ) Suture de Pelletier, ment. Morbid increase of bulk in the whole,
    Suture en surget, is executed by introducing or a part, of the body. See Tumour.
    1
    1

    SWERTIA 669 SYMPHYSEOTOMY

    SWELLING, WAITE , Hydrarthrus, Spina ven- / conformation, and a perfectly analogous ar


    tosa . rangement.
    SWERTIA CHIRAYITA , Gentiana chi- SYMMETRY, from our, ' with ,' and, metgov,
    rayita . ' measure . ' The regularity in form , observed
    SWIETENIA FEBRIFUGA, Febrifuge in many parts, situate on the median line ; and,
    Swiete'nia, (F. ) Mahogon febrifuge. Family , also, the resemblance which exists between
    Meliaceæ. Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. many organs that are situate on each side the
    The bark of this tree , which is a native ofthe median line. Bichat first noticed that this sym
    East Indies, and called there Rohena Bark ,has metry was confined to the organs of animal
    an aromatic odour and bitter taste. It is tonic life ; as the head, brain , spine , organs of sense ,
    and stomachic, and has been used in intermit- of locomotion , & c.
    tents, and in diseases where bitter tonics are SYMPARATERESIS, Observation .
    indicated. Dose , aj to Dij of the powder. SYMPASMA , Catapasma.
    SWIMMING, Natation — s. of the Head ,Ver. SYMPATHETIC , Sympath'icus, Sympathe
    tigo. ticus, (F. ) Sympathique, from our, with , and
    SWOON , Syncope. nalos , suffering .' " That which depends on
    SYCAMINOS, Morus nigra. sympathy.
    SYCAMINUM . See Morus nigra . SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS of an organ are
    SYCE , Ficus carica. those morbid phenomena that supervene, with
    SYCEPH'ALUS, from συν , with ,' and xe out any morbific cause acting directly on it,
    Qair, head. A monster having two heads and by the reaction of another organ prima
    united together. rily affected. Thus, itching of the nose is a
    SYCION, ouxtov, from ouxor, ' a fig.' A de- sympathetic
    coction of dried figs.
    affection , produced by irritation in
    the intestinal canal.
    SYCITES, quxitns. Wine, in which dried The epithet is,also , given to different nerves.
    figs have been infused . See Trisplanchnic ,Pneumogastric, and Facial.
    SYCites, Catorchites. The SYMPATHETIC POWDER, Pulvis sympa .
    SYCOMA, Ficus . theticus of Sir Kenelm Digby, was composed
    SYCO'SIS , o vxoois. Same etymon. A tu- of calcined sulphate of iron, prepared in a par
    mour of the shape of a fig. Also, a fungous ticular manner. It was long supposed to be
    ulcer. An excrescence about the eyelids . able to cure a wound , if applied to the weapon
    Dr. Bateman defines it :-an eruption of in that inflicted it ; or , even to a portion of the
    flamed but not very hard tubercles, occurring bloody clothes. It is proper to remark , how
    on the bearded portion of the face and on the ever, that the wound itself was carefully ex
    scalp , in adults; and usually clustering toge : cluded from the air, and from all irritation .
    ther in irregular patches ;-Phyma Sycosis. Of SYMPATHETIC, GREAT, Trisplanchnic nerve
    this he has given two species : 1. The_Sycosis -s . Middle, Pneumogastric .
    Menti, S. barbe, Mentagra, Chinwhelk, ( F.) Dar- SYMPATHETICƯS MINOR,Facial nerve.
    tre pustuleuse mentagra : and , 2. The Sycosis SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy.
    Capilli, S. Capilli'tii. The treatment, in both SYMPATHIA , Consent of parts.
    cases, resembles that for Porrigo favosa. SYMPATHICÚS, Sympathetic.
    Sycosis, Ficus. SYMPATHIQUE, Sympathetic.
    SYDERATIO , Sideratio. SYMPATHY, Sympathi'a, Compas'sio, Con.
    SYM, SYN , Our, ' with , together,' like the sensus, Sympathetis'mus, Conflux'io, Conspird'
    cum , col, con,cor, & c., of theLatins. A com- tio, Commercium, Consor'tium ,Homoiopathia,
    mon prefix. Before b, P, ph, ps, and m ,-syn, Homoethnia, Adelphix'is, Symbolis'mus, Symbo
    or zyn is changed into sym or tým ,(com ; ) be- liza'tio, from our, with ,'and rafos, ' suffering.
    forec, ch, g, k , and 2, into syn or ryn, ouy, tuy, The connexion that exists between the action
    ( con ;) before Iinto syl or xyl, (col ;) before roftwoor more organs, more or less distant from
    into syr or zyr, (cor;) and before s into sy or zy, each other ; so that the affection of the first is
    sys , (co and cos .) transmitted, secondarily, to the others, or to
    SYMBLEPHARON , Ankyloblepharon . one of the others, by means unknown to us.
    SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, from our, with ,' and A knowledge of the particular sympathies be
    Basqapov, ' an eyelid.' A preternatural adhe- tween different organs throws light on the eti
    sion between the eyelids; and especially be- ology of diseases, their seat, and the particular
    tween the upper eyelid and globe of the eye. organ towards which our therapeutical means
    SYMBLEPHAROSIS, Ankyloblepharon. should be directed . See Irritation .
    SYMBOLE , Commissure. SYMPEXIS , Concretion .
    SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation . SYMPHITÚM MINUS, Prunella .
    SYMBOLISMUS , Sympathy. SYMPHOREMA, Congestion .
    SYMBOLIZATIO , Sympathy. SYMPHYSEOTYOMY, Symphysotomy, Syn
    SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology: chondrotomy, Symphyseoto'mia , from supe quois,
    SYM'ELES ; from our, with,' and dedos , and teurw, I cut. The operation or section of
    an extremity, a genus of monsters whose ex- the Symphysis. This operation is performed
    tremities are joined together. I. G. St. Hilaire. with the view of augmenting the diameter of
    SYMMETRICAL , Symmetricus. An epi- the pelvis, in order to facilitate delivery in cer.
    thet given to those parts of the body,which, taincasesof faulty conformation of that cavity,
    if seated on the median line, may be divided with wedging of the head of the child therein .
    into two equal, and perfectly like halves ; or to perform the operation, the female is placed
    which , if situate - the one to the right, the on her back ; the pubesis shaved ; and, with a
    other to the left of this line-have a similar strong scalpel , the soft parts are divided on the
    SYMPHYSIA 670 SYNDESMOTOMY

    median line . The articulation is then cut . As SYNANCIE , Cynanche.


    soon as the fibrous parts , which hold the bones SYNARTHRO’DIAL, Synarthrodia'lis, from
    together, are divided, they separate to a certain our, ' with ,' and Qo9001019, articulation . That
    distance from each other ; and the delivery may which belongs to synarthrosis ; as Synarthro
    be accomplished. The knife , with which the dial articulation .
    operation is performed , is called , by the French , SYNARTHRO'SIS, Abarticula'tio, Coarticu .
    Couteau symphysien. la'tio .An immovable articulation . Synar
    SYMPHYSTA , from ourquois, ' a growing throsis includes three species :-Suture, Har
    together.' A malformation consisting in the mony , and Gomphosis.
    union of parts that are usually divided.- SÝNATHROISMUS, Congestion.
    Breschet. SYNCHONDRO'SIS , from ovv, ' with,' and
    SYMPHYSIS, from ovv, with ,' and qvw, xordºos, a cartilage . ' Union orarticulation of
    'I grow ;' or from auuouw ,' I unite together.' |bones by meansof cartilage ;-as the articula
    A union of bones. The bond of such union . tions of the ribs with the sternum , by means of
    The aggregate of means used for retaining their cartilages of prolongation.
    bones in sitû in the articulations . SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy.
    The name symphysis has , however, been SYNCHRONOUS, Synchronus, from our,
    inore particularly appropriated to certain ar 6
    with , ' and xporos , time.' That which occurs
    ticulations; as to the symphysis pubis, sacro- at the same time. Thus, the pulsations of an ar
    iliac symphysis, &c. tery may be synchronous with those of theheart.
    SYMPhysis, Coalescence , Commissure , Inser SYNCHYSIS , Confusio.
    tion -s. Ossium muscularis, Syssarcosis -- s. SYNCIPUT, Sinciput.
    Pubis , Pubic articulation . SYN'CLONUS, from ovyx 201aw , ' I shake to
    SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy. gether .' Clon'ici universa'les, Clonus ( Young.)
    SYMPHYTOS , Hereditary. Tremulous, simultaneous , and chronic agita
    SYM'PHYTUM , from ouuouw , I unite.' tion of various muscles, especially when ex
    Symphytum officina'le, Consolida major, Com- cited by the will. See Tremor, Chorea, & c .
    frey, Alum , Alus, ( F. ) Grande Consoudé. Fa SYNCLONUS CHOREA, Chorea - s. Beriberia ,
    mily, Boraginer. Ser Syst. Pentandria Mono- Beriberi-s. Raphania , Raphania- s. Tremor,
    gynia. The roots ofthis European plant are very Tremor.
    mucilaginous, and are employed as emollients. SYNCOMIS’TOS , ovyZONOTOS, Autop’yros,
    Theyare and hæmoptysis, Panis domes'ticus, secunda'rius, ciba'rius, con
    used in decoction, in &c
    SYMPHYTUM, chronic
    dysentery, virgaurea -. s. Mini- fusa'neus. Bread of the whole wheat or of the
    Solidagodiarrhæa,
    unsiſted meal. Household bread ,
    mum , Bellis - s. Petraum , Sanicula .
    SYN'COPE
    SYMPHYTUM PETRÆ'um, Coris Monspelien'sis, An'imi , fromAnimi
    defectio, ovyxortu , ' I fall
    deli'quium down .'
    , Leipop
    Nontpel'ier Coris. An intensely bitter and syjch'ia, Apsych'ia, Apopsych'ia , Lipothymia ,
    nauseous plant, which is said to have been use Su'bitus animi casus, Suoon, Fainting fii, (F.)
    ful in syphilis.
    SYMPLOCARPUS FETIDUS, Dracontium Évanouissement, Défaillance, Pamoison . Com
    plete, and commonly , sudden loss of sensation
    fætidum .
    and motion , with considerable diminution, or
    SYMPTOM , Sympto'ma, Accidens, from our entire suspension, of the pulsations of the
    • with ,' and natui, " I fall . ' Any change, per heart and the respiratory movements .
    ceptible to the senses , in any organ or function ,
    Syncope is , commonly, an affection of no
    which is connected with morbific influence. It consequence ; but, sometimes, it is an index of
    is by the aggregate and succession of symp. diseased heart
    toins that a disease is detected .
    Placing the patient in the horizontal pos
    The term - symptoms of symptoms has been
    used for the effects which result from the ture
    symptoms of a disease ; but which effects are
    : sprinkling of
    the application cold water over
    volatile the face,
    substances to and
    the
    not essentially connected with the disease itself. nose, are all that will be required during the
    fit. See Asphyxia and Suffocation .
    Thus , the debility arising from the frequency SYNCOPE ANGINOSA , Angina pectoris.
    of the evacuations in dysentery, is a symptom SYNCRITICA , Astringents.
    of symptoms. See Sign. SYNDESMOG
    SYMPTOMA TURPITUDINIS, Nympho- from ligament,Syndesmograph
    ourdeonis,'a'RAPHY, and youun, 'a ia,
    de
    mania.
    SYMPTOMAT'IC , Symptomaticus. That scription .' A description of the ligaments.
    which is a symptom of some otheraffection. Thepart
    ments .
    of anatomy which describes the liga
    Thus, we speak of a syinptomatic disease , in
    opposition to one that is idiopathic. SYNDESMOL'OGY, Syndesmolo'gia, from
    SYMPTOMATOL'OGY, 'Symptomatolo'gia, ourdeouos,' a ligament,' and doyos , “a treatise,
    ligaments.
    Symbolog " ica , from ouuntoua, ' a symptom , discourse .' A treatise on the
    and ioyos, “ a treatise .' The branch of pathol. SYNDESMO -PHARYNGÆ'US . A fasci.
    ogy, the object of which is the knowledge of culus of the constrictor pharyngis superior
    symptoms. ( g . v .)
    SYMPTOʻSIS , from our , ' with ,' and ruinto , SYNDESMOS, Ligament.
    " I fall.' Depression or rather emaciation or SYNDESMOSIS , Synneuro'sis, Synymen'sis,
    atrophy, either of the whole body or of a part. from ourdequos, ligament.' The articulation
    SYNÆTION , Concausa . of two or more bones by means of ligament ;
    SYNANCHE, Cynanche , Cynanche tonsil- as of the radius with the oina.
    laris , SYNDESMOT'OMY, Syndesmotu'mia, from
    SYNDROME 671 SYNTRIMMA
    Ouvdaquos, ' ligament,' and Teuvo , ' I cut or dis-
    SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolo'gia , from
    sect. ' ' Dissection of the ligaments. Juv, ' with ,' corsov , ' a bone ,' and 2oyos , a trea
    SYN'DROMĒ , ourdoouen, Concur'sus, (q. v .) tise.' A treatise of the joints.
    Concourse. A name given , by the EmpiricalSect, SYNOSTEOTOMY, Synosteotomia, from
    to the union of symptoms, which takes place in ouv , - with ,' 00trov, a bone ,' and Teuvelv, to
    diseases. Syndromě plethorica, e. g . meant the cut. Dissection of the joints.
    union of symptoms produced by plethora. SYNOVIA , from our, with ,' and wov, 6 an
    SYNDYASMUS , Coition . egg. Mucilago, Un'guen articula'rē, Synonia ,
    SYNECHI'A, from our, ' with ,' and sxov, Arun'gia articula'ris , Unguen'tum seu Smegmi
    * to have .' Adhésion between the iris and trans. articula'rē, Mucilago articulo'rum seu junctura'
    parent cornea , or between the iris and crys- rum , Humor articula'ris, Humor seu Humidum
    talline lens. The former case is called Syne- nati'oum seu Gluten articulo'rum , (F.) Synovie.
    chia anle'rior : the latter S. poste'rior. A fluid resembling the white of egg, which is
    SYNESIS, Intellect. exhaled by the synovial membranes surround
    SYNEUROSIS , Syndesmosis. ing the moveable articulations. The synovia of
    SYNEZI'ZIS , Synize'sis, Considen’tia , from man, according to Hildenbrandt, consists of
    ouv, with ,' and Çevyvuelv, - to join .' Parop'sis water, a little albumen, soda, muriate of soda,
    Synizesis, Cali'go à Synizesi, Caligo Pupilla, phosphate of lime, and - Fourcroy fancied
    Closure or occlu'sion or oblitera'tion of the Pu- uric acid . Its use is to lubricate the joints, and
    pil, Phthisis Pupillæ , Amyo'sis. This disease the sheaths in which tendons play.
    is sometimes a case of faulty conformation , de- SYNOVIAL , Synovia'lis. " That which re .
    pending upon the continued existence of the lates to the synovia.
    membrana pupillaris, or the absence of the pu. The Synovial Glands, Havers's Glands ,
    pil . It is, in other words, congenital. At other Glandula articula'res, G. Synoriales, G. Haver
    times, it is owing to accident, and supervenes siun'a, are the secretory fringes, which float in
    on violent ophthalınia , or on the operation of the interior of the synovial capsules (see Cap
    the cataract. sule .). They do not seem to be the glandular.
    Those who are affected with synezizis are They have been called Syno'vial fim'brie, (F.)
    completely blind ;-the iris having no central Franges symoriales.
    aperture. In certain cases, a remedy may be SYNOVI'TIS ; from Simovia , and itis, a ter
    obtained by making an opening in the iris, mination denoting inflammation. A term , bad)
    which may supply the place of the pupil, and compounded, applied at times to inflammation of
    through which the rays of lightmay reach the the synovial membrane.
    retina. This operation is called the operation Synovitis RHEUMATISMALIS, Rheumatism ,
    for artificial pupil . ( acute .)
    SYNGENES, Hereditary. SY N'T ASIS, συντασις , from συντευω,
    SYNIMENSIS , Synymensis. " I strain . ' Tension of parts : hence ouvTATIXC
    SYNIZESIS, Considentia, Synezisis. are medicines, which render parts tense. Syn
    SYN'OCHA, from ovve 70, ' Icontinue.' In- tex'is, on the other hand, means Colliqua'lio,
    flammatory Fever, Angiopyr'iu , Febris causo'. or wasting of the body , from ourtyxw , " I meli
    des, Febris deu'rens, F. ardens, Febris continua together. '
    sanguin 'ea , Febris contin'ua non putris, Syn'- SYNTAXIS , Articulation.
    ochus ( Vogel , ) Febris acmas'lica, Synochus im- SYNTECOPYRA , Hectic fever.
    pu'tris ( Galen ,) Febris acu'ta, F. continens, F. SYNTECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever.
    continens non putrida, F. angioten'ica, F. sthen- SYNTENO'SIS, from our, ' with ,' and terwr,
    ica , F. sanguin'ca, Homot'onos, Sthenop'yra, F. a tendon .' A species of articulation, in which
    inflammatoria, Enc'cia cauma, F.ton'ica, Phlo- two bones are joined by means of tendon ; as
    gop'yrus, Cauma, General influmma'tion , Gus. the sesamoid bones with the toes, the rotula with
    tro - entérite intense . A species of continued the tibia, & c .
    fever, characterized by increased heat ; and by SYNTERETICUS, Prophylactic .
    quick , strong, and hard pulse ; urine high- SYNTEXIS, Colliquation , Consumption .
    SYN'THENA . A term employed, by Para
    coloured ; disturbance of mind slight. It re-
    celsus , to designate a species of epilepsy, ac
    quires, of course , the most active treatment .
    SYNOCHA RHEUMATICA, Rheumatism , acute companied by cardialgia and tormina .
    -s. Vaccina , Vaccina. SYNTHESIS , Reunio, from our, ' with ,'
    SYN'OCHUS, Febris lenta (Linnæus,) F. and 1197ue, ' I place .' A surgical operation,
    continens putrida , F.continua Putrida (of some;) which consists in uniting parts that are di .
    same etymon . Continued fever, compounded vided ; and approximating such as are sepa.
    of synocha and typhus :-in its commencement rated or distant from each other. Synthesis of
    often resembling the former ; in its progress , the continuity means the union of the edges of it
    latter. Mixed Fever, Common continued focer . wound , or the approximation of the extremities
    1
    See Fever, and Typhus. of a fractured bone. Synthesis of contiguity is
    Syrochus, Synocha ---s. Biliosa, Fever, gas- the reduction of displaced organs ; as in case's
    tric-s. Biliosus , Fever, bilious-s . Icterodes, of hernfa and luxations.
    Fever, yellow-s. Imputris, Sy nocha — s. Milia- SYNTHESIS, Composition .
    ria, Miliary fever - 8. Varicella, Varicella. SYNTHETISMUS, same etymon. The ag.
    SYNONIA , Synovia. gregate of operations and means for reducing a
    SYNOSTEOGRAPHY, Synosteogra'phia, fracture, and maintaining it reduced -
    :: CON
    from our , with ,' ooteor, ' a bone, and yoapo, ‘ 1 prising extension, counter -extension , coapta .
    describe.' The part of anatomy which describes tion, SÝN andTRI
    bandaging:
    MMA,Contritio .
    the joints.
    SYNTRIPSIS 672 SYRUP

    SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio. SYPHILISMUS, Syphilis .


    SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus . SYPHILOMA'NIA , Syphilidomania, vulgarly,
    SYNULOTICA , Cicatrisantia . Noddle Poz . A mania , with which some persons
    SYNY MEN'SIS , Synimen'sis, from ovv, are affected, so that they subject themselves to
    with ,' and vur , ' a membrane . Union of antivenereal treatment, under the belief that
    bones by membrane, as in the case of the bones they are affected with syphilis.
    of the head in the fætus . SYPHO AURICULARIS , Otenchytes.
    SYNYMENSIS , Syndesmosis. SYRIGMOPHO'NIA , from ouprynos, 'whist
    SYPHILIDES, same etymon as Syphilis. ling,' and owin , ' voice.' A piping state of the
    The cutaneous eruptions that accompany con- voice .
    stitutional syphilis are so denominated by the SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium.
    French writers . SYRINGMOS , Tinnitus aurium .
    SYPHILIDOMANIA , Syphilomania. SYRINGOTYOMUM , from ovprys, ' a pipe,'
    SYPH'ILIS, Morbus Gai'licus, Siphilis, Sy- ' a fistula , ' and teureLV,' to cut. A surgical in
    philis'mus, Cacochym'ia Vene'rea , Malum vene'. strument, formerly used in the operation for
    reum , Mor'bus Itaľicus, M. Hispan'icus, Puden '. fistula in ano. It is a bistouri, concave at its
    dagrú, Lues, Medium , Lues vene'rea , Lues syphilis, edge, and terminated by a long, flexible , probe
    Morbus " phrodis'ius, Syphilis venerea , S. malig'- pointed stylet. This stylet or probe was first
    na, Morbus Neapolita'nus, Morbus In 'dicus,Pa. introduced by the external opening of the fistula
    lur'sa; the Venereal Disease, Poz, French Por; into the rectum , whence it was drawn externally
    the Venereal, ( F.) Vérole, Maludie vénérienne, through the anus, carrying with it the cutting
    Mal de Naples, Mal Francais, Maladie de edge of the instrument, which divided the in
    Vénus. The etymology ofsyphilis is unknown. termediate parts. The operation for fistula in
    Some consider it to proceed from ous, ' a hog ;' ano has been called Syringotomy.
    and others, from vidios , -formed, by contrac- SYRINX , Fistula — s. Hiera, Vertebral
    tion, from ouralus, ' shameful,' dirty ,' &c. It column.
    is an infectious disease , communicable by coi. SYRMAIS'MOS, from ovqmartw, ' I evacuate .'
    tion ; or by the contact of parts that are only A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool.
    lined with a thin epidermis ; as the lips , nip- Syrupus
    SYROP, Syrup - s. d'Ail, allii-s.
    ple, &c. It generally makes its first appearance « 'Armoise composé, Syrupus aromaticus - s. de
    by a chancre, (q. v.) followed soonersymptom Chicorée composé,
    by positus-s.
    or later or Syrupus de cichorio com
    bubo. The chancre is a primary des Cinq racines, Syrupus e quinque
    sore ; but there are others, which are secondary radicibus - s. de Cuisinier, Syrupus de sarsapa
    or constitutional. These are :-ulcers in the rillå et sennâ compositus — 3. d'Ether, Syrupus
    throat ; copper-coloured blotches on the skin ; cum æthere sulphurico paratus — s. de Gingem
    pains in the bones, nodes, &c .: the last are bre, Syrupüs zingiberis- s. de Guimauve, Sy
    sometimes ternied tertiary phenomena. rupus althææ - s. de Longue vie, Mellitum de
    The origin of syphilis is not known. It is mercuriali compositum - s. de Mercure, Syrupus
    believed to have been introduced into Europe de mercurio mediante gummi-s. de Mûres, Sy
    from America, at the end of the 15th century. rupus mori - s. de Nerprun, Syrupus rhamni
    Its progress is extremely variable, as well as its s. de Pacots blancs, Syrupus papaveris — s. de
    duration , which is often unlimited, if left to Pommes compose, see' Syrupus senne-s. de
    itself. Mercury may be esteemed the best Quinquina avec le Vin, Syrupus de kinâ kina
    remedy, but the disease admits of cure without cum vino-s. de Roses pâles, Syrupus rosa - s.
    it. Almost every antisyphilitic composition , de Roses rouges, Syrupus rosa - s. de Vinaigre,
    whose use is attended with success, probably S. aceti.
    contains mercury united with diaphoretics or SYRUP , Syru'pus, Sera'pium , Syrop , Syrup ;
    other medicines. It is generally sufficient to derived , according to some,from oupw, I draw ,
    keep the mouth sore for a fortnight, for the and oros, juice ; but, more probably, from the
    cure of chancre : for venereal sore throat, and Arabic, Siruph, Sirab or Scharub, which signifies
    other recent constitutional symptoms, eight or ' a potion .' A saturated solution of sugar in
    ten weeks will be required ; and, of course, a water, either simply, or united with some vege
    longer time, if these symptoms have persisted | table or other principle. Syrups, in general,
    long. Sometimes, aftermercury has been given require two pounds of sugar to the pint, and
    for a time, the symptoms continue stationary ; they are judged to be sufficiently boiled when
    and do not yield until the mercury has been a portion, taken up in a spoon, pours like oil.
    discontinued, and tonics and eutrophics have Syrups should be kept in small bottles in a cool
    been administered . place. They are chiefly used to render medi
    The preparations of iodine have been much cines palatable .
    used , of late , in the revellent treatment of this SYRUP , see Syrupus— s. Antiscorbutic, Sy.
    disease . rupus antiscorbuticus - s. of Buckthorn, Sy
    Syphilis INDICA, Frambæsia. rupus rhampi - s. of Capillaire , common , Sy
    Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des, rupus simplex - s. of Cinchona with wine, Sy.
    Pseudo -syphilis. A term given to ulcers or other rupus de kinâ kinâ cum vino - s. of Clove July
    affections, that resemble syphilis, but are inde- flower, Syrupus caryophylli rubri - s. of Clove
    terminate in their character , -the symptoms pinks, Syrupus caryophylli rubri-s. of Ether,
    being irregular in their appearance, and usually Syrupus cum æthere sulphurico paratus - s. of
    yielding spontaneously, or under the use of to. Five roots, Syrupus e quinque radicibus — s, of
    nics, change of air, & c. The condition has not Garlick , Syrupus allii—6. of Ginger, Syrupus
    been at all well defined. The Sivvens, Radesyge, zingiberis - s. of Honey , Mellitum simplex - s .
    & c . have been referred to this head . of Lemon , Syrupus limonis-s. of Marshmal
    SYRUPUS 673 SYRUPUS

    lows, Syrupus althææ – 8. of Meadow saffron , SYRUPUS AURAN'TI , S. Aurantiorum , S. Citri


    Syrupus colchici autumnalis — s. of Mugwort, Aurantii, S. Corticis Aurantii, S. e. Corlic'ibus
    compound, Syrupus aromaticus-8. of Mul- | Aurantiorum , S. de Cortice Aurantiorum , Syrup
    berries, Syrupus mori - s. of Orange juice, see of Orange peel. ( Aurant. cort. recent. Zij, ag.
    Syrupus aurantii ---s. of Orange peel, Syrupus fero. Ibj, sacch , pur,ibiij. Macerate the peel in
    aromaticus — 8. of Poppies, Syrupus papaveris the waterfor 12hours. Add the sugar. Ph. L.)
    -s. of Poppy, red, Syrupus rheados-- s. of Stomachic. Dose, 3j to zij.
    Saffron , Syrupus croci-s. of Squills, Syrupus A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy,
    scille --s. of Succory, compound , Syrupus de rupus e succo Aurantiorum , may be made by
    cichorio compositus - 8. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu- adding white sugar fbij to fbj of the juice of
    tanus - s. of Vinegar, Syrupus aceti - s. of Vio- oranges, strained and clarified.
    lets , Syrupus violæ. SYRUPUS CARYOPHYL'LI RUBRI , S. Dianthi
    SYRUPUS, S. simplex—s. Acidi acetosi , S. Caryophylli, Syrup of Clove July Flower, Syrup
    aceti . of Clove Pinks, Syrupus infusio'nis florum
    Synupus Aceʼti, S. Acidi Acctoʻsi, Syrup of caryophylloʻrum. (Pctulorum dianth . caryoph.
    Vinegar, ( F.) Syrop de Vinaigre. ( Aceli tốiiss, recent.unguibusresectis ibj, aquæ bull. thiv, sucche
    sacch. purif. ibiiiss. Boil to form a syrup: purif. Ibvij. Ph. E.) Aromalic.
    Ph. E.) Itis refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, SYRUPUS CASSIÆ SENNÆ, S. sennæ.
    3j to zij. SYRUPUS DE Cicho'rto Compos'ITUS, S de
    SYRUPUS CUM ÆTHERE Sulphu'Rico PARA'- Rhco, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F.) Syrop
    Tus, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Syrop d'éther. (Very de chicorée composé. ( Root of succoryZvj, leaves
    pure sugar, 1000 p:; distilled water,500 p.; dis- of succory Zix , leupesof fumitory and scolopen .
    solve in the cold, and strain ; add sulphuric drium , each ziij,Alkekengi berries 3 ij. Boil in
    ether, 48 p. Shake for five or six days, and water ibxiv to tbxij: pass through cloth ,anddis
    draw off the limpid syrup. Ph. L.) Properties solve in it white sugar lbv. Boil till it has the
    like those of ether. consistence of syrup. Again , take water Ibviij,
    Syrupus Allil , Syrup of Garlick , (F.) Syrop rhubarb 3vj, yellow sanders and cinnamon,
    d'ail. ( Rud. alliiconcis.
    tøj, aquæ fervent. ibij. each zss . Infuse for twenty-four hours; pass
    Macerate for twelve hours : strain, and add through linen, and add the preceding syrup.
    sugar. Ph. D.) Use, same as that of garlic. Ph. P) It is laxative and stomachic . Dose,
    Dose. gj to ziv . 3j to Zss.
    SYRUPUS ALTHÆÆ , Syrup of Marshmallow , SYRUPUS CINCHONÆ CUM Vino, S.de kinâ kina
    Syrupus er Althæâ, $. de Alhæầ, S. Alhæc offi. cum vino.
    cina'lis, (F.) Syrop de Guimaude. ( Althææ rad . SYROPOS CINCHONI'N Æ , Syrup of Cinchonine.
    recent. cont. Ibss, sacch. pur. Tbij,aquæ ibiv. Boil ( Simple syrup one pound; sulphate of cinchoning
    the root in the water to one-half ;and press out nine grains. Mix . ) Six spoonfuls are commonly
    the liquor; when cold,defecate ; add the sugar, sufficien t to arrest an intermittent.
    and boil. Ph . L. ) Emollient and demulcent SYRUPUS Citri AURANTII , S. aromaticus.
    Dose, zi to ziij. SYRUPUS COL'CHICI AUTUMNA'lis, S. Colchici,
    SYRUPUS Amoni ZINGIBERIS, S. zingiberis, Syrup of Meadow Suffron. (Rad. colch. autunın .
    8. Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic. recent. Žj , acidi acetosi 3xvi, sacch . pur. 3xxvj.
    SYRUPUS ANTISCORBOʻTicus, s. de Armora '. Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days,
    ciâ compositus, Antiscorbutic Syrup. (Leades of occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain,
    cochlearia, buckbean, water -cresses, horseradish with gentle expression. To the strained fluid
    root and bitter oranges, each lbj;cinnamon Ziss. add the sugar, and boil to a syrup . Pl. E.)
    Cut, and pour white wine biv. Macerate for Diuretic, antiarthritic. Dose, zj to zss, or
    two days : distil over jbj in a sand bath ; add to more.
    this sugar mij, and form a syrup . Again , take SYRUPUS CORTICIS AURANTI , S, aromaticus
    what remains in the cucurbit ; pass it through -8 . Citri medicæ , S. limonum - s. e Succo
    cloth,let it rest ; decant, and add sugartbij; make citronum , S. limonum .
    into a syrup, and clarify with white of egg. SYRUPUS Croci, Syrup of Saffron. ( Croci
    Mix it with the first while yet warm. Ph. P.) stigmat. Z.j, aquæ fervent. Ibj, sacch. purif. niiss,
    Antiscorbutic , alterative, tonic, stomachic, & c. Ph.SYRUPUS
    L.) Cardiac . Chiefly
    Dianthi used for colour.
    CARYOPHYLLI , S. caryo
    Dose, zij to 3ij .
    SYRUPUS AROMAT'ICUS, S. de Artemis'iâ com- phylli rubri.
    positus, Compound Syrup of Mugwort,( F. ) Syrop SYRUPUS EN ETI'NÆ, Syrup of Em'eline. (Sim .
    d'armoise composé. ( Tops of artennisia vulgaris, ple syrup ibj, emetine 10 gr. M.) In small doses,
    in flower, 3 vj, inula root, ligusticum levisticum, expectorani; and in large, emetic.
    and fennel, each 3ss, pennyroyal, calmint, savine SYRUPUS GENTIANI'NÆ , Syrup of Gen'tianine,
    leaves, each zvj, marjoram ,hyssop, pyrethrum , ( Syrup of sugar Zxvj, geniianine 13 gr.) A
    rue, basil,each Ziij,aniseed and cinnamon ,each pleasant bitter.
    zix; bruise, and macerate, in hydromel fbxviij; SYRUPUS HYDRARGYRI, S. de Mercurio me:
    distil over boss ; add to this a pound of sugar. diante gummi-- s. Infusionis forum caryophyl
    Again, take the liquid that remains in the ou-lorum , S. caryophylli rubri.
    curbit, strain it gently ; add sugar Ibiv . Then SYRUPUS DE JALAP'pa, Syrup of Jalap. ( Pulo.
    mix the two. Ph.P.) Tonic, emmenagogue, & c.jalupe 3s , sem . coriandr., fænicul. dulc., kā
    SYRUPOS DE ARMORACIA COMPOSITUS, S. Anti 398, aquæ zxijss, sacch. Zxxv, f. syrupus,
    scorbuticus—s . de Artemisiâ compositus,s. children
    antiscorbuticus.
    Ph. p .) . Cathartic. Dose, zij to {ss for
    SYRUPOS Asparagi, see Asparagus - s. Bal. SYRUPUS DE KINA Kisa com Vino, S. Cin.
    samicus, S. tolytanys. cho'næ cum vino, Syrup of Cinchona with wine,
    85
    SYRUPUS 674 SYRUPUS

    (F.) Syrop de quinquina avec le din . ( Cort. cin. SYRUPUS RHAMNI , S. rhamni cathar'tici, S. de
    chone officinalis zij, ezt. cinchone zvj, vini albi spinâ cervinâ, 3. spinæ cervine, Syrup of Buck
    ( . de lunel, vel cujusvis ei similis,) ibj, alcohol thorn , ( F.) Syrop de nerprun. ( Rhuinn . baccar.
    (8. G..985 to.915 ) Zj, sacchar. alb. ibiss. Bruise succ. Tecent. lbiv , zingib. rad. concis., pimente
    the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as bacc. contrit., aa zss, sacch.purif.fiiiss. Defe.
    to form a soft mass ; pour on the wine; macerate cate the juice for 3 days, and strain. To a pint
    for two days, and strain . Dissolve the extract, of this, add the ginger and pimento ; macerate
    add the sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. P. ) for 4 hours and strain ; boil what remains to
    Dose, 3 ss to 3j. Ibiss. Mix the liquors and add sugar , so as to
    SYRUPUS Succi LIMONIS, S. limonum. form a syrup. Ph. L.) Cathartic , but apt to
    SYRUPUS Limo'num , S. citri medica , S. e succo gripe. Dose, ziv to zij.
    sitro'num , S. e succo limo'num , S. succi limonis , SYRUPOS DE Rheo , Syrupusde Cichorio com
    Syr up of Lemon, Lemon Syrup. ( Limon. succ. posito.
    colat. iðj, sacchar. pur. Ibij. Ph. L.) Cooling , Syrupus Rha'ados, S. de papaderē erratico,
    antiseptic. S papaveris erratici, Syrup of Red Poppy, ( F.)
    SYRUPUS E Meconio, S. papaveris—s.de Melle, Syrop de coquelicot. (Rhaud. petal.recent.ibj,aq.
    Mellitum simplex - s. e Succo mororum , s . fervent. 3xviij , sacch. purif. ibiiss. To the wa
    mori . ter, heated in a water bath , add the petals. Re
    SYRUPUS DE MERCU'RIO MEDIAN'TE GUMMI, move the vessel ; macerate for 12 hours ; ex
    Mercu'rius gummo'sus Plenck'ii, Syru 'pus Hy. press ; defecate and add sugar to form a syrup.
    drargyri, (F.) Syrop de mercure, ou Mercure Ph. L.) Chiefly used to give colour.
    gommeur de Plenck . " ( Hydrargyri pur. 3j, p A factitious syrup is often made of aloes dis
    gumm .acacia , ziij, syrup. diacod.zss. Rab to solved in simple syrup.
    gether till the mercury is extinguished . Ph. P. ) SYRUPUS RosÆ , Syrupus rosarum soluti'ous, S.
    Possesses the properties of the blue pill . Dose, e rosis siccis, s. rosa centifo'liæ, S. rosa'ceus
    gr . ij to viij , or more. soluti'vus, Syrup of Roses, (F.). Syrop de roses
    SYRUPUS Mori, S. e succo moro'rum , S. succi pâles. ( Rosa centif. petal. exsicc. Zvij, sacch.
    mori, Syrup of Mulberries, (F. ) Syrop de mûres. purif. fbvj, aq. fervent. ibiv. Macerate the petals
    (Mori succ.colat. Ibj, sacchar. purif. tbij. Ph. L. ) for 12 lours. Evaporate the strained liquor to
    Gratefully refrigerant. Ibiiss. Add thesugar. Ph. L.) Gently laxative.
    SYRUPŮS MORPHI'NE ACETA'TIS, Syrup of ace. Dose, zij to Ziss or more.
    tale of morphine. ( Syrup, one pound , acetate SYRUPUs RosÆ GAL'LICÆ, Syrup of Red Roses.
    of morphine, gr. iv.) Dose, two tea-spoonfuls, ( F.) Syrop de roses rouges. (Rosæ gallic. petal
    as an opiate ;-of about the strength of the crsicc. zvij , aqua bull . ibv, sacch. purif. Ibuj;
    same quantity of syrup of poppies. prepared like the last. Ph. E.) Mildly as
    The'SYRUPUSMORPHINÆ Sulpha'tis is made tringent. Added to stomachic infusions.
    in the same way . SYRUPUS SABSAPARILLA,Syrup of Sarsaparilla .
    SYRUPUS PAPAV'ERIS,S. papaveris somniferi, | (Rad. Sarsap. cont. Ibj, aqua bullient. cong.,
    s prpaderis albi, S. e meconio, S. de meconio, sacch . purif. ibj. Macerate the root for24 hours
    Diaco'dion ,Syrup of poppics,(F.) Syrop de pavots boil to ibiv.Strain while hot; add the sugar,
    blnncs, ou diacode. ( Papad. capsul. cxsiccat. et and boil . Ph. L.) Used in the same cases as
    contus. exemptis seminibuis, 3xiv, sacch. pur. Ibij. the root. Dose, 3j to ziv, and more.
    aq. ferdent. cong: ijss. Macerate the capsules, SYRUPUS DE SARSAPARILLA ET Sensa Cox .
    in water, for 12 hours ; boil to a gallon and ex. pos'itus, Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilli and
    press strongly. Boil the liquor to fbij; and strain Senna. ( F.) Syrop de cuisinier. . (Rad. Sursap.
    while hot . Defecate by rest, and boil to fbj,concis. Ibij. Infuse for 24 hours in warm water
    adding the sugar so as to form a syrup . Ph. L )
    Ibxij; boil for a quarter of an hour ; pass with
    One ounce contains about one grain of opium . expression, and boil again the residuum in fbx of
    Anodyne and demulcent. water. Reduce this to ibvj , and repeat the
    The Dublin college bas a SYRUPUS Opn , operation 2 or 3 times . Mix allthe liquors and
    called Common Syrup of Poppies, which is boil them together with flowers of borage, white
    made by dissolving 18 grains of the Watery Er-roses, senna leaves, and aniseed , each zij; re
    tract of Opium in 18 ounces of boiling water. duce to half, pass,and add honey tbij. Boil to a
    Properties, those of opium and syrup. syrup. Ph. P.) It is considered to be alterant,
    SYRUPUS DE PAPAVERE Erratico,8.rhæados depurative, and sudorific. Dose, 3 ss to zij .
    - s . de Pomis compositus , see S. sennæ. SYRUPUS DE SCAM MO'NIO , Syrup of Scammony.
    Syrupus Quini'ne, Syrup of Quinine. . (Sim : (Pulo. Scammon . zss, satch . alb. Ziv , alcohol
    ple syrup, 2 pounds, sulphate of quinine, 64 ( s. G. .985 to .915) zviij. Heat the mixture
    grains.) “ Six spoonfuls are commonly sufficient moderately; then set fire to the alcohol with a
    to arrest an intermittent. lighted taper; agitate constantly ,until the flame
    SYRUPUS E QUINQUE RADICIBUS, Syrup of is extinguished. Suffer it to cool; pass through
    five roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq racines. ( Rad. cloth , and add Syrup of Violets, Ziv. Ph.P. ) 3)
    apii, fæniculi, apii petroselini, ka Zv: Infuse contains 18 grains of scainmony. Dose, 3j to
    for 24 hours in boiling water and strain. Rad. zss.
    asparag ., tusci aculeati, kā zv. Boil and re- Syrupus SCILLÆ , S. scillit'icus, s. scille ma.
    duce to half; adding, towards the end,the resi- rit'imæ, Syrup of Squills. ( Acet. scillæ maritim .
    due of the preceding infusion. Boil again for ibiv , succh. pur. cont.Ibvij. Ph . E.) Diuretic,
    some minutes; strain , and add white sugar lövj. expectorant, and emetic. Used in the same
    Ph. P.) A perient and diuretic. Used in ob- cases as the oxymel.
    structions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery ; SYRUPUS SENNÆ , S. cassiæ senne, Syrup of
    and in dropsy , &c. Dose, Zss to 3j, or more. Senna , ( Sennæ folior. Zij , sem . fenicul. cont. Zj ,
    SYSPASIA 675 TABELLE

    manne, ziij, sacch. pur. fbj, aquæ fero . Tbj. Ma. SYBSARCOSIS , ovocapxwt is, from out,
    cerate the senna leaves and fennel seeds for 12 with,' and gapß; ' fleshi' Commissura ossium
    hours. Strain, and add the manna and sugar. carnea, Symphysisossium muscula'ris, Connerio
    Ph. L.), Cathartic. Dose, zij to Ziss or more. ossium corno'sa, Carna'tio. Union of bones by
    The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Sennâ means of muscles ; such as the union of the os
    of a compound character, called Syrupus de hyoides with the lower jaw ,of the scapula with
    pomis compos'itus, Syrop de pommes composé . It the ribs, & c .
    contains, also, borage, bugloss, &c. Dose, 3 ss SYSTAL'TIC, Systal'ticus ; from ourteldw ,
    to zij. • I contract. ' A systaltic motion in a part is one
    SYRUPUS SIMPLEX, Simple syrup, Common in which there is alternate contraction and di.
    syrup of capillaire,Syrupus. ( Sacch .purif.Ibiiss, latation . See Systole.
    aqua , tj. " Dissolve the sugar ; set aside for 24 SYSTATICA, from ovviotriu , 'I associate.'
    hours ; remove the scum , and pour off the clear Diseases affecting several or all the sensorial
    liquid. Ph. L.) Used to cover nauseous tastes, powers simultaneously ; irritation or inertness
    & c. of mind , extending to the muscles, or external
    SYRUPUS DE SPINA CERVINA , S. Rhamni-s. senses ; or of the muscles , or external senses,
    de Stæchade communis, see Lavendula. extending to the mind :-the 4th order, class
    SYRUPUS TOLUTA'NUS, S. toluifere balsami, Neurotica , of Good.
    S. balsam'icus, Balsamic syrup , Syrup of tolu . SYSTEM , Systema,from our, ' together,' and
    ( Balsam . tolut. Zj,uque fervent.Ibj, sacchar.pur. Lotnie, ' I place. This word ,taken in a good
    tbij. Boil the balsams for half an hour, in a sense, means the collection and arrangement of
    covered vessel, occasionally stirring. Strain, different matters having an analogy to each
    when cold ,and add sugar so as to form a syrup. other, or working towards the same end. In
    Ph. L.) Use. To give flavour. natural history, it means a methodical arrange
    SYRUPUS VI'OLE , S. viola odora'ta , S. viold - ment of beings, for the purpose of facilitating
    rum , S. e succo viola'rum , Syrup of Violets. their study.
    ( Flor. recent. viol. odorat. Ibij, aq. bull. fbviij, System is, however, sometimes used in an
    sacch. pur. Ibxv . Macerate, in a covered vessel , unfavourable sense in physical science, and
    for 24 hours ; pass, without expression ,through often means,-a purely gratuitous supposition,
    linen ; add the sugar so as to form a syrup. by which the march of nature is attempted to
    Ph. E.) Very gently laxative. Dose, zj to 3ij. be universally explained, and to which every
    SYRUPUS E Succo VIOLARUM , S. Violæ . thing is made to bend. In anatomy, system is an
    SYRUPUS ZINGIB'ERIS, S. amo'mi zingiberis, assemblage of organs, composed of the same
    Syrup of Ginger. (F.) Syrop de gingembre. tissues, and intended for similar functions;
    ( Zingib.rad. concis. Zij,aqu.c fervent. fbj, sacch. for instance the nervous system , muscular sys.
    purif. Ibij. To the strained liquor add the sugar, tem , & c.
    syrup
    and form a . SYSTEMATISM . A method , according to
    N. B. The Parisian Codex contains a few which every fact of a science is collected around
    other compound syrups besides those enume. an opinion true or false. One, who reduces
    rated, amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs, things to such a method is called a Systematist.
    Syrupus e pulmon'ibus vituli'nis,Syrop de mou SYSTÈME VASCULAIRE À SANG NOIR ,
    de dear , as an expectorant ' ! see Vascular - s. Vasculaire à sang rouge, see
    The simple syrups are made according to the Vascular .
    usual rule , and possess the virtues of the sub- SYSTEMIC ; belonging to the general sys.
    stances after which they are named . tem - as ' systemic circulation ' in contradis.
    SYSPAʼSIA , from QUOAQQ), • | contract.' tinction to the pulmonic.'
    Clonic spasm , with diminished sensibility and SYSTOLE , Constric'tio, Contrac'tio seu An .
    inability of utterances. A genus in Good's gusta'tio seu Submissio seu Mica'tio cordis. The
    Nosology, which includes convulsion ,epilepsy , movement ofconstriction or contraction (q. v .)
    of the heart , to give impulse to the blood or to
    and hysteria.
    SYSPASIA EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy - s. Hysteria, astol
    Hysteria.
    causee of
    its the
    progression
    organ .
    . It is opposed to the Di

    T. BANDAGE . Fas'cia T. formis. A bandage, TABAC, Nicotiana tabacum- . des Vosges,


    shaped like the letter T. It consists of a strip Arnica montana.
    of linen , of variable length and breadth , the TABACUM , Nicotiana tabacum .
    middle of which is attached , at right angles, to T'ABARZET, Saccharum album .
    the extremity of another strip, also of variable TABEL'LA , Tabula , Tabula'lum , a lozenge ;
    length and breadth. When two such strips are Tessella. ( F. ) Tablette. A solid medicine, com
    attached, at a distance from each other , the ban- posed of a powder, sugar, and mucilage ; and ge
    dage is called a double T. nerally shaped like a disk . See Pastil and Truch.
    This bandage is used, principally, for sup- TABELLA , Table .
    porting the dressings after the operation for TABELLÆ ABSORBENTES , T. de Mag
    fistula in ano, in diseases of the perineum , nesiâ.
    roin , anus, & c. TABELLE ACIDI Osal'ıcı, T. ad sitim, Lo .
    TABELLÆ 676 TABUM

    zenges of Oralic Acid. ( Acid. ozalic. 3), sacch. I benzoic ,gr. xij, rad. irid . p. 389, ol.anisi. gr. viij,
    alb . 388, ol. limonis. gtt. xviij vel gtc. xij. Make sacch. Z vse, g. traç. 9. s. Ph. P. ) Aperient,
    into lozenges with mucilage of gum tragacanths expectorant, and stimulant. ( ?) Dose , 4 a day .
    Ph. P.) Lozenges are made inthe same way TABES , Maras'mus Tabes, Té'kedon ,
    with the citric and tartaric acids. They are Atroph'ia , Decline. Emaciation of the whole
    refrigerant. body, with general languor, hectic fever, and ,
    TABELLE DE ALTHEA , Lozenges of Mars for themost part, depressed spirits.
    mallows. ( Rad. althææ pulo. Ziss, p. succkar. TABE6, Atrophy , Phthisis.
    alb. Zivss, f. massa . Ph. P.) Deinulcent, ex- TABES DORSA'lis, Maras'mus tabes dorsalis,
    pectorant. Phthisis netias, Phthisis dorsalis, Myelophthi'.
    TABELLÆ ANTIMONIA'Les KUNCKE’LII , Ta- sis, Tabes ossis sacri. By this term is meant a
    bellæ de stibii sulphure'to, Lozenges of Sulphuret wasting of the body, attended at first with a
    of Antimory. Mor'suli antimoniales, M.stibii, pain in the back or loins, and afterwards in
    M. stibia'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati. ( Amygdal. dulc. the neck or head, -caused, it has been con
    3j, sacch. Ibss, Seni, cardam ., cinnam . pulo . , ceived , by too early or too frequent addiction to
    sulph. antim , præpar. äā. 3j , fiant tabellæ . venery.
    Phi P. Each to weigh 10 grains.) Recom . TABES LACTEA, see Galactia.
    mended in cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, Tabes MESENTER'ICA, Atroph'ia mesenterica,
    arthritic pains , &c. Dose, 4 or more . Scrofula mesenterica , Rachial'gia mesenterica,
    TABELLÆ AD ARDOREM VENTRICULI , Tro- Phthi'sis mesura'ica , Physco'nia mesenterica,
    chisci carbonatis calcist. Cardialgicæ, Tro- Mesenteri'tis, (F.) Carreau, Chartre. An en
    chisci carbonatis calcis. gorgement and tubercular degeneration of the
    TABELLE DE CATECHU ET Magne’sia, Lo- mesenteric glands, followed by emaciation and
    zenges of Catechu and Magnesia. ( F.) Ta general disorder of the nutritive functions. The
    Ulettes de cachou et de magnesie. ( P. catech. disease is often owing to inflammation or irrita
    3vj, p. magnes. Ziv, p. cinnam . giij, succh . alb. tion of the lining membrane of the intestines,
    loss, g. tragac. gr. xij, ag. cinnam . q. s. ut f. giving occasion to enlargement of the glands
    massa. Ph. P. Each to weigh 12 gr.) An- of the mesentery , as injury to the upper or
    tacid , absorbent, and stomachic. Dose,5 to 10 lower extremities causes inflammation, and en .
    lozenges . CINCHONE , T. de kinâ largement of the lymphatic glands of the axilla
    TABELLE kina, Bark and groin . It occurs , particularly , in children
    wzenges. (Ezt. cinchon . sicc. 3ss, sacch . Ziv, of a scrofulous diathesis ; and in those who are
    cinnan . 388. mucilag . g. trag . f . massa . Ph. P.) weaned too early, or fed on indigestible sub
    Tonic . stances. Diarrhæa, emaciation , anorexia , or
    TABELLE DE CITRO ET DIACARTHAMO, T. de immoderate appetite ; hardness and swelling
    Scammonio et Senna . of the abdomen ; and , towards the end , hectic
    TABELLE DE FERRO , Stcel lozenges , Tabulæ fever, are the chief symptoms of this affection ;
    martiales, T. instaurantes, T. antichloroticæ . the prognosis of which is usually unfavourable.
    ( Ferri limat. porphyriz. 3ss, p. cinnam , zj, p. On opening the bodies of those who die of the
    succh. Zv, g , trag. et aq. cinnam . q. s. ut fiat disease, the mesenteric glands are found disor.
    massa . Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. Ph . P.) ganized, tubercular, or in a more or less ad
    Tonic , stomachic. Dose, v . to x . vanced state of suppuration.
    Aromatic lozenges of steel. These consist of The treatment is the same as in scrophulosis.
    sulphate of iron , with a small proportion of the Frictions may be added over the abdomen and
    Tincture of Cantharides. spine; and mercury, in small doses, so as to
    TABELLE DE KINA KINA, T. cinchonæ. excite a new action in the system . The food
    TABELLE DE Magnesia, T. absorbentes, Mag- must be easy of digestion, and the bowels be
    nesia lozenges. (Magnes. 3j,sacchar. alb . Ziv, kept soluble.
    mucil. g. tragac. q. s . Ph. P. ) Absorbent and an Tabes NUTRICUM , see Galactia - t. Pectorea,
    tacid . Rachitis -- t. Pulmonalis , Phthisis pulmonalis
    TABELLE DE Raco, Rhubarb lozenges. (P.-t. Ossis sacri, T. dorsalis.
    Thej Zss, sacch . Žv, mucilag : gum tragac. 9. 8.; TABIDUS, Phthisicus.
    f. massa . Each to contain 12 grains. Ph . P.) TABLE , Tabula , Tabella , Tabula'tum , Lam ' .
    Stomachic and laxative. ina, Paries, Squama. A name given to the
    TABELLE DE SCAMMO'NIO ET Sensa Como plates of compact tissue, which form the bones
    Pos'ITÆ , Compound lozenges of scammony and of the cranium . Of these one is external ; the
    senna , T. de citro et diacar'thumo. ( Scammun. other internal, and called Tabula di'trea on ac
    ziij, Senna zivss, thej giss, caryoph . 3j,corticis count of its brittleness.
    limon.confect. 3.i, sacch . zvj, f. massa. Ph. P.) TABLES DE MORTALITÉ, Mortality,
    Purgative. Dose , zij to 3v), or more bills of.
    TABELLE AD SiTim , acidi oxalici - t,ad TABLET, Trochiscus.
    Sodam , Trochisci carbonatis calcis-t. de Stibii TABLETTE , Tabella.
    sulphureto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii . TABLETTES DE CACHOU ET DE M.9G
    TABELLÉ DE SUL'PHURE SIM'PLICES, Simple NESIE, Tabellæ de catechu et magnesiâ.
    su'phur lozenges. ( Sulphur. lot. Zss,sacch . Ziv, TABLIER , Ventrale cutaneum .
    muc. g. tragac. cum aquæ rose prepar. q. s. TABULA , Tabella , Table.
    Ph. P.) Expectorant, demulcent, & c. Used in TABULÆ ANTICHLOROTICÆ , Tabellæ de ferro
    diseases of the chest, and in cutaneous affections. -t. Instaurantes , Tabelle de ferro - t. Mar
    Dose , 1 lozenge. tiales, Tabellæ de ferro .
    TABELLÆ DE SULPHURE COMPOSITÆ , Com- TABULATUM , Tabella, Table.
    pound sulphur lozenges. ( Sulph . lot. 3ij , acid TABUM , Ichor , Sanies .
    TAC 677 TANNICUM

    TAC , Influenza . TAFIA , Rum .


    TACAMAHACA , Fagara octandra-t. Ca- TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF , Sparadra
    ragna, Caranna. pum adhæsivum - t. d'Angleterre, see Sparadra
    TACHE, Macula. pum adhæsivum - t. Gommé, see Sparadrapum
    TACHES DE ROUSSURE, Ephelides. adhæsivum .
    TACITUR'NITY, Tacitur nitas, Sige, si- TAILLADE, Incision , see Entaille .
    lence.' State of a person who does not speak . TAILLE, Lithotomy - 1. Hypogastrique, Hy
    Morbid taciturnity sometimes exists as a symp- pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy
    tom of the neuroses, especially of melancholy. --t. Par le rectum , see Lithotomy - t. Postéri
    TACT, Tactus. Modification of the sense eure, see Lithotomy-t. Recto- désicale, see Li
    of touch . Passive judgment by the cutaneous thotomy - t. Sus.pubien, see Lithotomy.
    organ regarding bodies exterior to it. Tact is TAL. A word formerly employed for alkali.
    passive : Touch , active . It also meant the dung of the peacock .
    TACTUS, Touch. TALEN’TUM , Tadavtov. An ancient weight,
    TÆDÆ, Dæs, dais. A term used for a me- equal to 54 pounds, 2 08., 5 dr., and 24 grains
    dicine employed under the form of fumigation, Poids de Marc. See Weights and Measures.
    pessary , or troch. TALIACOTIAN OPERATION , Rhinoplas
    TÆNIA , Ténia, from Taivia , ' a fillet, a tic .
    riband. ' See Bandage and Nymphomania. Also, TALIPES, Kyllosis ( Clubfoot.)
    a genus of intestinalworms,characterized by an TALPA , ' a mole ' Topina'ria, ( F.) Taupe.
    elongated, flattened, and articulated body , with A tumour situate on the head , which has been
    foursuctorial osculaon the head. Of this ge- supposedto burrow like a mole.
    nus, two only inhabit the human body - the TALUS, Astragalus , Malleolus.
    Tænia lata , ( see Bothriocephalus latus ,) and TAMARA CONGA, A verrlioa carambola .
    Tænia solium. TAMARÆA ZECLA , Tamarindus.
    TÆnia ACEPHALA, Bothriocephalus latus - t. à TAMARIN , Tamarindus.
    Anneaux courts,Botbriocephaluslatus - t.Articu- TAMARIN'DUS , T. Indica , Oxipha'nicon ,
    los demittens, T. solium - t. Cucurbitina, T. Sil'iqua Arabica, Balampulli, Tamure'a zecla;
    solium - t. Dentata, Bothriocephalus latus— t. Oxyphæni'cia, Aca'cia In'dica , Tam'arind tree,
    Grisea, Bothriocephalus latus - t. Hippocampi, (F.) Tamarin. Family , Leguminose . Sez. Syst.
    Corpora fimbriata - t. Humana armata, T. so- Triandria Digynia. The pulp of the tamarind,
    lium - t. Humana inermis, Bothriocephalus la. with the seeds, connected by numerous tough
    tus -- t. Hydatigena, Hydatid-t. Lata, Bothrio. strings, is exported from the West Indies, pre
    cephalus latus — t.Membranacea,Bothriocepha- served in syrup. It is refrigerant and laxative.
    lus latus — to Osculis lateralibus geminis, Boibri. Tamarind rohey is made by boiling Zij of the
    ocephalus latus — t. Osculis lateralibussolitariis, pulp with piss of milk. When strained, it is
    Bothriocephalus latus— . Osculis marginalibus used as a diluent in fever.
    solitariis, T. solium-t. Osculis superficialibus, TAMARISCUS, Tamarix gallica .
    Bothriocephalus latus — t. Prima, Bothriocepha- TAM'ARIX GAL'LICA , Tamaris'cus. The
    lus latus - t. Secunda, T. solium . Tamarisk tree. Family, Portulaced. Ser. Syst.
    TENIA SEMICIRCULA'nis, Gem'inum centrum Pentandria Pentagynia. The bark , wood, and
    semicirculare, Limbus posterior corporis stria'ti, leaves were formerly employed medicinally ;
    Scriæ cor'nea, Striæ semiluna'res, Fræn'ulum the former for its aperient and corroborant vir
    nodum , Fascia semicircula'ris, Bandelette des tues , in obstructions of the liver ; the latter in
    éminencespyriformes, (Ch .,) (F.) Bandeletle, B. icterus, hæmoptysis, and some cutaneous affec
    demicirculaire, Lame cornée. À medullary, gray- tions.
    ish , semitransparent layer , situate in the groove TAMBOUR, CAVITÉ DU, Tympanum.
    that separates the thalamus opticus from the TAMPONNEMENT, Plugging:
    corpus striatum in the lateral ventricle . TANACEPTUM , T. vulga're, Tana'sia, Atha
    The TÆNA SOLIUM , T., as'culis marginal- na'sia, Parthenium mas, Tansy, (F.) Tunaisie
    ibus solita'riis, T. cucurbiti'na, T. huma'na ur. rulgaire. Family, Corymbiferæ . Ser . Syst.
    ma'ta, Halysis so'lium , Vermis cucurbili'nus, Syngenesia Polygamia. The leaves and flow .
    Lumbri'cus lutus, Téniu sans épine , Ver cucur- ers of tansy have a peculiar, strong odour, and
    bilaire, Tænia articulos demit'iens, T. secun'da, warm, bitter taste. They are tonic, deobstru
    Ténia à longues orticulations, T.danneaur lonys, ent, (?) and anthelmintic. Dose, 388 to 3j.
    der solitaire, or Long Tape Worm , has an almost The infusion is usually drunk as tea .
    hemispherical, discrete head ; an obtuse beak ; TANACE'TUM Balsami’TA , Balsami'ta mas, B.
    the neck full anteriorly ; all the joints slightly suaveolens, B. major, Tanacetum horten'se, Cos.
    obtuse, the anterior very short; the next almost lus horto'rum , Mentha Roma'na seu Saracen'ica,
    square, and the restoblong : the marginal fora. Costmary, Alecost, Cock-mint, ( F.) Menthe cog,
    mina vaguely alternated . Herbe au coq . Grand Baume. A fragrant-smell
    The tænia solium is commonly a few feet ing herb, somewhat resembling mint, and for
    long : sometimes its length is enormous. It is merly much esteemed as a corroborant, carmi.
    said to have been met with 600 feet long. It native, and emmenagogue.
    principally inhabits the small intestines, and is TANACETUM HORTENSE, T, balsamita .
    not common . The oil of turpentine, in some TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetum .
    form , largely exhibited , is perhaps the best TANASIA, Tanacetum .
    remedy. TANGE , tayyn , rancidity . ' A putrescent
    TÆNA TENELLA, Bothriocephalus latus- tumour.
    TANNIC
    Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus . ACID , Tannin .
    TENIOLA , Bandelette. TANNICUM PURUM , Tannin .
    TANNIN 673 TARTARUS AMMONIÆ

    TANNIN , from (F.) Tanner , ' to tan .' Tan . TARSAL, Tar'seus. That which relates to
    nicum purum , Tanninum , Princip'ium adstrin'- the tarsns.
    gens, P. Scytodeph'icum . Tannic acid. A prin. The TARSAL ARTICULATIONS result from the
    ciple obtained from oak bark and other astrin- union of thebones of the tarsus with each other.
    gent vegetables, so called from its forming the TARSEUS, Tarsal .
    principalagent in the process of Tanning. TARSO -METATARSAL , Tarso-metatar'seus.
    Pure Tannin , obtained from galls has been That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus.
    lately introduced into medicine as an excellent The TARSO-METATARSAL ARTICULATIONs are
    and powerful astringent. Dose, two grains, those between the bones of the second row of
    repeated several times a day. The Tannate of the tarsus and the metatarsal bones. The term
    Lead, Plumbi Tannas, has been applied , in the Tarso-metatarsal is, likewise, applied to liga
    form of ointment, to excoriations, and sloughing inents , connected with these joints ; some of
    sores from position, (3ij of the tannate to zi of which are dorsal, others plantar.
    cerate .) TARSO -METATARSI-PHALANGIEN DU
    TANSY, Tanacetum - t. Wild, Potentilla POUCE, Adductor pollicis pedis — t. Phalangien
    anserina . du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis — t. Sous
    TAPER , HIGH, Verbascum nigrum . phalangien du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi
    TAPE'TUM , Ta'pestry. A shining spot, on digiti pedis - i. Sous-phalangettien du premier
    the outside of the optic nerve, in the eyes of orteil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
    certain animals , which is owing to the absence TARSUS, Planta prima pedis, Rasse'ta pedis,
    of the pigmentum nigrum occasioning the re- Pedium , Cavic'ulæ pedis nodus. ] . The poste .
    flection of a portion of the rays from the mem- rior part of the foot. The tarsus consists of
    brana Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, by 7 bones, arranged transversely in two rows , be
    reflecting the rays to cause a double impression tween which amputation is sometimes per
    on the retina, and thus add to the intensity of formed .
    vision . The first or Tibial row , (F.) Première rangée,
    TAPEWORM , BROAD , Bothriocephalus R. jambiére, consists of the astragalus and os
    latus —— t. Long, Tania solium. calcis ; the second or metatarsal, (F.) seconde
    TAPIOCA. See Jatropha manihot. rangée, R. métatarsienne, of the scaphoides , cu
    TAPSARIA , Decoctum hordei . boides, and three ossa cuneiformia. 2. The
    TAR, see Pinus sylvestris—t. Barbadoes, Pe. Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages, Tarsal fibro -cartilages,
    trolæum - t. Mineral, Pissasphaltum . Orchoi, Crepid'ines seu Coro'næ seu Chelæ seu
    TAR'ACHE, Tagayn, Tarar'is, Tapačic, 'dis. Un' gule Pulpebra'rum , Tharsi, are two small ,
    order.' A disorder of sight, which arises from cartilaginous layers, seated in the substance of
    a blow , compression of the eye, or the action of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper is
    dust , smoke or other external cause . By some, larger and broader than the lower. Both con
    it is understood to signify mild or incipient mence at the bifurcated extremity of the ten
    ophthalmia . don of the orbicularis palpebrarum , and pass to
    TARAGON , Artemisia dracunculus. the opposite commissure of the eyelids. They
    TARANTALISMUS , Tarantismus. are broader in the middle than at their extre
    TARANTISMUS, Turentis'mus, Tarantalis'. mities .
    mus, Tarentulism . A feigned or imaginary dis- TARTAR , Antimonium tartarizatum ( impro
    ease in Apulia , characterized by excessive perly ) -- t. Calcareous, Potassæ subcarbonas - t.
    avidity for dancing at the sound ofinstruments, Crystals of, Potassæ supertartras - t. Emetic,
    and which was ascribed, by the vulgar, to the Antimonium tartarizatum - t. Salt of, Potassæ
    bite of the tarantula. A sort of tarantismus, tartras , see Potash .
    considered peculiar to Africa and believed to TARTA'REI MORBI . A term employed by
    be spontaneous, has been called Tarentismus Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which
    Tangila'nus, Janon-tarentisme. he attributed to tartar.
    TARAN'TULA, from Tarentum or Tarento , TARTARI CRYSTALLI , Potassæ super
    a town of Italy where they abound ; Tarentula, tartras.
    ( F. ) Tarentulé. A species of spider -- the Ard . TARTAR'IC ACID . Acidum tartar'icum , A.
    nea Tarentula of Linnæus, Lyco'sa Tarentula of tartaro'sum , Acor tartaricus, Acidum tartari
    Latreille, whose bite has been looked upon as essentia'le . Tarlareous acid, Sal tartari es .
    dangerous. Music has been thoughtto cure it. sentiale. ( Potasse supertart. Ibiiss, aq. destil
    TARAXIS , Tarache, see Ophthalmia . lat. ferv., cong. iij, cretæ pptae. lbj, acidi sulph .
    TARCHON SYLVESTRIS , Achillea ptar. iój. Boil the supertartrate with two gallons of the
    mica. water, and gradually add the prepared chalk ,
    TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus — t. Tangi- until no more bubbles appear ; let the tartrate
    tanus, Tarantismus. of lime subside ; then pour off the fluid and
    TARENTULA , Tarantula. wash the tartrate of lime with distilled water,
    TARENTULISM , Tarantismus. until it is tasteless. Pour upon it the sulphuric
    acid , diluted with a gallon of boiling distilled
    TARGAR, Juniperus communis. water ; and set the mixture aside for 24 hours ,
    TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which occasionally stirring it. Filter and evaporate
    sugar was obtained, called Jagre. It was once to crystallize. Ph. L.) It is refrigerant and
    used as a tonic .
    TARI'NI PONS .
    antiseptic
    A cineritious substance vescent , but is chiefly
    draughts used for making effer
    with soda.
    between the corpora albicantia , which assists in TARTARUM, Potassæ supertartras impurus
    forming the bottom of the third ventricle. -t. Vitriolatum , Potassæ sulphas.
    TARQUETTE , Herniaria glabra. TARTARUS AMMONLE , Ammonise tar
    1

    T.IRTRATE D'.LYMONIAQUE 673 TEMPORAMENT

    tras -t. Chalybeatus , Ferrum tartarizatum - t TEAR , Sax. Tear , Lacryma, Lachryma, La .
    Crudus, Potassæ supertartras impurus-t. Den- cruma, Dacryon, ( F.) Lurme. An excreinenti.
    tium , Odontolithos Emeticus, Antimonium
    - t. tious humour, secreted by the lachrymal gland ,
    tartarizatum - t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tarta- and poured between the globe of the eye and
    rizatum - t. Kalinus , Potassæ tariras - t.Lixivíæ , the eyelids , to facilitate the motions of those
    Potasse tartras — t . Martialis , Ferrum tartariza- parts. The tears are saline, inodorous, and
    tum-t. Potassæ ferruginosus, Ferrum tartari. colourless. They turn the syrup of violets
    zatum - t. Subpotassicus. Potassæ supertartras green ; and contain muriate of soda, with ex
    t. Superpotassicus,Potassæ supertartras - t. cess
    Tartarizatus, Potassæ tartras.
    of base, phosphates of lime and soda, and
    albumen .
    TARTRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammoniæ TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus syl.
    tartras . vestris.
    TARTRE BRUT, Potasse supertartras im . TEAT, Nipple .
    purus - t. Cru, Potassæ supertartras impurus- TECNOCTONIA , Infanticide.
    i. Émetique, Antimonium tartarizatum - i. Stibié, TECOLITHOS , Judæus (lapis .)
    Antimonium tartarizatum . TEETH , EYE , Canine leeth - i. Jaw, Molar
    TARTRUM SOLUBILE , Potassæ tartras . teeth - t. Milk , see Dentition - t. Neck of the ,
    TASIS, Extension , Tension . Collum dentium-t. Vitreous substance of the,
    TASTE, Gustus, Geusis, Geuma, Geulhmos, Enamel of the teeth .
    ( F. ) Gout. One of the five external senses, TEETHING, Dentition .
    whích instructs us of the sayours of bodies , and TEGULA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis.
    of which the tongue is the principal organ . TEGUMEN , Integument.
    Gustation , Gustatio , is the exercise of this TEGUMENT, Integument .
    faculty. In disease, the taste frequently be . TEGUMENTUM , Integument.
    comes variously vitiated. TEGUMENTUM VENTRICULORUM CEREBRI,
    Taste , Savour. Centre , oval of the brain .
    TAUPE , Talpa. TEIGNE , Porrigo - t. Fareuse, Porrigo fa
    TAUROCOILA, Tavpoxolla. Gluemade vosa - t. Furfuracé, Porrigo furfurans.
    of the ears and genitals of the bull . It was TEINESMOS, Tenesmus.
    formerly much esteemed , TEINTURE, Tincture - t. Ethérée, Æthereal
    TAUROS , Penis, Perinæum. -t. Rubéfiante, Tinctura cantharidis.
    TAXIS , from Taooo , ' I order,' .I arrange ,' TEKEDON , Tabes.
    Reposi''tio, Redric'tio. A methodical pressure ex TELA ACCIDENTALIS MEDULLARIS ,
    erted by the hand on a hernial tumour, for the Encephaloid - t. Galteri, Sparadrapum Galteri
    purpose of reducing it. This operation is gene. -t. Ichthyocolla glutinans, see Sparadrapum
    rally easy in herniæ that are free from adhe- adhæsivum .
    sions, of small size , and with a large opening TELAMON , Habena,
    to the sac ; but it is very difficult and frequently TELAM O'NES, Telau oreş, " bandages.'
    impracticable in those that are adherent or Charpie, used for wounds ; or linen , employed
    strangulated . To perform the taxis, the pa for bandages .
    tient should be put in the horizontal posture, TELANGIECTASIA , OR TELANGIEC
    and in one in which the parietes of the abdo- TASIS
    men are relaxed .
    (DILATATION OF VESSELS.) See
    Hæmatodes fungus.
    The manual procedure raries in each species TELE'PHIUM , Ulcus telephium . The an
    of hernia. In all cases, too strong pressure of cients gave this name to an ulcer of a very bad
    the parts must be avoided ; as inflammation and kind and difficult to cure , because the wound,
    gangrene might be induced . The displaced which Achilles inflicted on Telephus, degene
    organs must be pushed into the abdomen, ex- rated into a similar ulcer.
    actly according io the direction of the axis of TELEPHIUM , Sedum telephium .
    the hernial sac. TELLURISMUS, Magnetism , animal.
    The reduction is sometimes favoured by TELUM , Penis — t. Emplasticum , Sparadra
    blood -letting ad deliquium ; the warm bath ; pum .
    warm fomentations; tobacco, emollient glysters ; TEMPE , Temple.
    and, at times, by cold applications, as ice, & c . TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tum , Tem
    In a caseof strangulated hernia , should the Crasis,
    taxis fail, an operation becomes necessary.
    peratu'raEucrasia.
    , Tempera'tio, Tempe'ries, Complex'io,
    A name given to the re
    TAXUS BACCATA. The Yew tree, Smilar, markable differences that exist between dif.
    Smilas, Thy'malos, ( F.) If. Family, Coniferæ . ferent individuals, in consequence of the variety
    Sez. Syst. Diæcia Monadelphia. The ancients of relations and proportions between the con.
    believed the yew to be poisonous; but the fruit stituent parts of the body. Thus, of old , it was
    may be eaten without inconvenience. The supposed , that, according to the predominance
    leaves have been often recommended in epi- of any one of the four humours then generally
    lepsy. The resin , obtained from the bark , has admitted — blood, lymph , bile , and atrabilis or
    been called albir . black bile -- the manifestations of the functions
    TAYE , Caligo . were tempered or modified so as to give rise
    TEA , Thea — t. Berried ,Gaultheria — t. Blank. to a sanguine, lymphatie. choleric, or atrabilious
    enheimer, see Galeopsisgrandiflora-t. Mexico, or melancholic predominance or temperament.
    Chenopodium ambrosioides—t. Mountain , Gal. The idea of the existence of certain of these
    theria - t. New Jersey, Celastrus - t. South sea , humours has been banished, yet the influence
    Ilex vomitoria - t. Spanish, Chenopodium am- of some, as of the blood, lymph, and bile, is
    admitte by many.
    brosioides. still d
    TEMPERANCE 680 TEMPORO -MAXILLARY

    Too much influence has , doubtless, been as- / fibres are attached to the temporal aponeurosis
    signed to temperament in the sense in which it and fossa ; and all converge into a strong ten
    was formerly and still is generally understood , don, which passes under the zygomatic arch ,
    although there can be no question that differ and is inserted into the coronoid process of the
    ence of organization does occasion a difference lower jaw . This muscle raises the lower jaw ,
    in the activity of organs. and applies the teeth against each other.
    TEMPERAMENT, Biliou8, Choleric tempera- The TEMPORAL APON EURO'sis is a very strong
    ment. aponeurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which
    TEMPERANCE , Sophros'ynē, Nephaliotes, is attached to the whole of the curved line of
    Sobri'etas, Sobriety . Moderation, opposed to the temporal bone ; to the posterior edge of the
    gluttony and drunkenness. The advantage of malar bone; to the superior margin of the
    temperance, in a hygienic point of view , re. zygomatic arch , and forms an envelope for the
    quires no comment. temporal muscle.
    TEMPERANTS, Sedatives . The TEMPORAL or CROT'APHITE ARTERIES,
    TEMPERATIO, Temperament. are several .
    TEMPERATURA , Temperament . I. The Temporal Artery, properly so called,
    TEMPERIES , Temperament. arises from the outer side of the superior part
    TEMPLE , Tempus, Crotaphus, (F.) Tempe. of the external carotid. It ascends between the
    A depression, on each sideof the head,between ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex
    the forehead and eye anteriorly, and the earternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it
    posteriorly: The temples, distinguished into as far as the zygomatic arch. Above this, it
    right and left,correspond to the temporal fossa becomes subcutaneous ; and, when it has at
    on each side. The word is said to be from the tained the middle of the temporal region , it di
    Latin tempus, ' time, because in this part the vides into two branches: the one anterior - A.
    hair begins to turn white and to indicate age . temporalis frontalis seu interna seu anterior; and
    TEMPORAL, Tempora'lis. That which re- the other posterior - the A. temporalis occipita',
    lates to the temples. lis seu eaterna seu superior. The temporal
    The TEMPORAL Bone, Os tem 'poris seu tem- artery , before its division, givesoff, 1. Branches
    pora'le seu arcua'lē seu arma'le seu lapideum to the parotid ; to the joint of the lower jaw ;
    seu lapido'sum seu sareum seu petro'sur
    sum seu to the meatus auditorius, and to the masseter.
    lithoi'des seu lepidoides seu squamo'sum seu 2. The transverse artery of theface . 3. The
    squamiformē seu durum seu mendo' sum seu middle temporal, which arises beneath the cheek
    prærup'ta rupi assimila'tum seu nerva'lē, Croť. bone , and traverses the temporal aponeurosis,
    aphus, is seated at the lateral and inferior part immédiately beneath that bone.
    of the cranium , of which it formspart; and con- II . The Deep - seated Tem'porals, A. tempora'
    tains, within it, the special organs of audition. les profun'de. " These are two in number. They
    It is usually divided into three portions :-1. arise from the internal maxillary, and have
    The squamous, Pars squamo'sa, (F.) Portion been distinguished, from their position, into
    écailleuse ou_squameuse . 2. The mastoid por. anterior and posterior. Theysend their princi
    tion, and 3. The Petrous portion , Pars petro'sa, pal divisions into the temporal musole.
    Pyramis trigona, (F. ) Portion pierreuse, Rocher. The Temporal Veins were formerly called
    It has, first, an auricular or external face, on Etoi or Aëloi Phlebes, Aquilæ Vene .
    which is a surface that makes part of the tem The TEMPORAL NERVES . These are dis
    poral fossa ; the zygomaticprocess; theglenoid tinguishedinto thesuperficial temporal,furnished
    cavity ; the fissure of Glaserius; the meatus au by the inferior maxillary branch of the 5th pair,
    ditorius externus; the mastoid process; the di- behind the condyle ofthe jaw ; and the tem
    gastricgroove; the canalis caroticus; thejugular porales profundi, anterior and posterior, fur
    fossa; the styloid process; the stylo-mastoid nished by the same nerve,at its exit from the
    foramen , & c. 2. A cerebral or internal surface, cranium . Sömmering has given the name tem
    whichcorrespondsto the cavityofthe cranium poral to the divisions sentby the facial nerve
    and on which is the Pars petrosa, the hiatus
    Fallopii , the meatus auditorius internus, the fis to the temporal region .
    sure of the aquæductus vestibuli, a portion of the remTEMPORO - AURICULAIRE, Attollens au
    -- t. Marillaire, Temporal muscle .
    gutter for the lateral sinus, & c. 3. A circum
    ference, on which is observed the orifice of the TEMPORO -MAXILLARY, Temporo-mat.
    bony portion of the Eustachian tube and the illaris. That which belongs to the temporal
    Aqueductus cochleæ, &c. The temporal bone is bone and lower jaw .
    articulated with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, The TEMPORO - MAXILLARY ARTICULATION or
    malar, and inferior maxillary bones. It is de- joint of the lower jaw, is seated between the
    veloped from five points of ossification . glenoid cavity and transverse process of the
    The TEMPORAL Fossa is an excavation, ob- temporal bone on the one hand, and the con
    served at each side of the head. It is filled by dyle of the lower jaw on the other. Two thin
    the muscle whose name it bears, and is formed cartilages cover the surfaces of these bones.
    by the temporal and sphenoid , below ; by the The one is common to the transverse process
    parietal and frontal bones, above ; is separated, and the portion of the glenoid cavity, anterior
    by a transverse crista, from the zygomatic fossa, to the fissure of Glaserius; the other belongs
    and completed, before, by the cheek bone, to the condyle . This articulation is furnished
    The TEMPORAL Muscle , Temporalis, Arcadi. with an inter-articular fibro -cartilage, two syno.
    temporo -maxillaire, Crotaphi'tes , Temporo-maz. vial capsules, and two lateral ligaments : -the
    illaire, (Ch .) is a broad , flattened, triangular one internal, and the other external.
    muscle, which fills the temporal fossa . Its The TEMPORO-MAXILLARY NERVES of Bichat
    TEMPUS 681 TENTORIUM

    are the divisions of the facial nerve, distributed don ,' and tonn, incision.' The operation of
    to the temporal and maxillary regions. dividing a tendon, often practised for the re.
    TEMPUS , Temple . moval of Loxarthrus or deviations of the joints
    TEMULENTIA , Ebri'etas, Drunk'enness. -as in club foot.
    Plater gave this name to delirium ; Ettmuller , TENSEUR DE L'APONEVROSE FÉ
    to an apoplectic condition , depending upon „YORALE , Fascia lata muscle .
    drunkenness — the Apoplex'ia temulen'ta or dead TENSION, Tensio, Tasis, Diatasis, Entonia,
    drunkenness. Commonly, Temulentia is used (Entonia is also used for over-tension ,) Con.
    synonymously with drunkenness, Meth's, and ten'sio, Disten 'sio, from ten'dere, to stretch.'
    is often employed in the description of diseases State of a part, which is stretched , when its
    to indicate a state resembling drunkenness. textures are distended by the afflux of fluids,
    Mania e temulentiâ is the same as Delirium tre. or the accumulation of gas, or when its fibres
    mens, (9. V.) are drawn, as it were , in an opposite direction ,
    TENACULA , Bone -nippers - t. Volsella, and are ,consequently,more resisting than nsnal.
    Forceps ( lithotomy.) TENSOR TARSI. A small muscle , be
    TENACULUM ,' from te'neo , I hold . ' A longing to the inner commissure of the eyelids,
    kind of fine hook attached to a handle which iswell described by Prof. Horner, of Philadelphia.
    thrust through the parietes of a blood vessel, to
    It is about three lines broad and six long ;
    draw it out and enable it to be tied . arises from the posterior flat surface of the os
    Tenac'ulum , ASSALINI's. An ingenious in- unguis , near its junction with the ethmoid
    strument, invented by Assalini. It consists of hone, and passes forwards and outwards, lying
    a forceps, or double ienaculum , the points of on the posterior face of the lachrymnal ducts.
    which are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be As it approaches the commissure of the lids, it
    readily received into each other when the instru . splits into two nearly equal parts ; each of
    ment is closed on the artery, which it is by a which is appropriated to a duct, and inserted
    spring. It is of great use when the surgeon along its course,almost to the punctum lachry
    bas no assistant at hand . The instrument is male. Its chief office seems to be, to influence
    figured in S. Cooper's “ First Lines." the position of the puncta lachrymalia, and to
    TENAILLE INCISIVE , Bone-nippers. regulate the course of the tears through the
    TENDON , Tendo, Pronerva'tio, from Tetrw, lachrymal ducts.
    I stretch : ' Tenon , a Sinero. A fibrous cord , TENSOR TYM'PANI , Inter'nus Auris, Internus
    more or less round, long, or flattened ;of a white, Mallei, Salpingo-malléen . A small muscle,
    pearl colour, and composed of very close paral- which arises from the petrous portion of the
    lel fibres. The tendons are attached to the temporal bone, and the cartilage of the En
    bones , by one extremity ; by the other, they stachian tube , and terminates by a tendon,which
    receive the insertions of the fleshy fibres : some is reflected over the processus cochleaformis,
    times, they afford attachment to fleshy fibres at and is inserted into the apophysis of the handle
    both ends ;-as in the digastric muscle. The of the malleus.
    tendons must be considered as so many cords, TENSOR PALATI , Circumflexus musculus.
    for transmitting the motion of muscles to the Tensor VAGINÆ FEMORIS , Fascia lata
    bones or levers. muscle .
    T'ENDON D'ACHILLE , Achillis tendo. TENT , Tenta , Turun'da, Penid ulus, Penicil.
    TENDONS, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub - lus, Penicillum , Motos, Lemnis'cus. (F. ) Tente,
    sultus tendinum . Bourdonnet, Mèche. In Surgery, tents are small
    TENES'MUS, Teinesmos, Tinasmus, from rolls of lint, of a cylindrical or pyramidal shape,
    THIVW , ' I stretch : ' Proc'tion Tenesmus, Obstipa '. which are introduced into wounds and deep
    tio Tenesmus, ( F. ) Épreintes. Frequent, vain, ulcers, to prevent them from closing before
    and painful desire to go to stool ;-one of the they are filled up from the bottom. Tents are
    chief symptoms of inflammation of the lining sometimes also made of prepared sponge, gen.
    membrane of the digestive tube, as of dysen- tian root , &c. They are not so much used as
    tery . they formerly were.
    ÍENESMUS VESICE , Bradysuria. TENTACULUM CEREBELLI , Ten .
    TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomy.) torium .
    TENIA , Tænia -- t. à Anneaur longs, Tænia TENTE , Tent - t. du Cercelet, Tentorium .
    solium - t. à Longues articulations, Tænia so- TENTIGO VENEREA , Nymphomania-t.
    lium - t. Sans épine , Tænia solium . Veretri , Satyriasis.
    TENNESSEE , MINERAL WATERS OF TENTIPEL'LUM , from tendo, ' I stretch ,'
    On the waters of French Broad River, in this and pellis, “the skin . Ancient name of a cos
    State, is a large , clear, thermal spring. The metic, with which , it was pretended, wrinkles
    heat is so great that, on first going into the could be effaced .
    water, it is almost insupportable. TENTO'RIUM , T. cerebello super -exten'sum ,
    TENON , Tendon . T. cerebelli, Tentac'ulum cerebelli, Septum trans
    TENONT'AGRA , from teror, ' tendon ,' and verse, (Ch.) Transverse Septum , Septum enceph'.
    aypa, seizure .' A variety of gout; which af- ali, Interscp'la horizonta'lia Pacchioni, Processus
    fects the tendinous parts of muscles, or the ten. transversus dura matris, Lateral Processes of
    dinous ligaments, which strengthen certain ar- the Duru Mater, Diaphrag'ma cerebri. ( F. ) Tente
    ticulations. du cervelet, Plancher du Cerceau . A process of
    TENONTOTRO'TI, from Teror, ' tendon,' the dura mater, which separates thecerebrum
    and Titowaxa), ' I wound.' They who are from the cerebellum . It extends from the inter
    wounded in the tendons . - Galen . nal horizontal spine of the occipitalbone, directly
    TENOTOMY, Tenotomia , from Tevav, ' a te forwards to the sella turcica of the sphenoid .
    86
    TENTUM 682 TERRA

    TENTORIUM CEREBILLO, Tentorium . gissimus dorsi and pectoralis major, it applies


    TENTUM, Penis. the arm against the lateral part of the chest, and
    TENTWORT, Asplenium ruta muraria . keeps it forcibly there.
    TENUIS MATER , Pia mater. Lig'amen’TUM TERES, (F.) Ligament rund.
    TEPIDARIUM . See Stove. This name is given to the round ligament in
    TERAS , Monster. the cotyloid cavity, which is attached to the
    TERATOL’OGY, Teratold'gia , from repas, head of the bone, and to the bottom of the
    genitive,' Tepatos, a monster. A description, cavity. It is also given to a small fibrous fas
    or the doctrine , of monsters. cia, which extends from the coronoid process
    TEREBELLA , Trepan . of the ulna to below the bicipital tubercle of
    TEREBIN'THINA, from Tequivfos , or Teps- the radius.
    B !vfos, ' the turpentine tree . Tur pentine, Bo- TERESIS, Observation .
    tin, Albotim, Altilibat, Brutino. (6. ) Térében- TERETRON , Trepan .
    thine. A substance, of the consistence of honey, TERGUM , Dorsum , Vertebral column .
    which flows from many trees of the terebin- TERMIN'THUS, Terebinthus, from TEOMIT•
    thaceæ , and coniferæ families. It is viscid ; 90%, ' the turpentine tree.' Phyma Anthraz
    shining; more or less transparent; inflammable; Terminthus, Berry or Fungous carbuncle. The
    of a warm , pungent taste ; strong smell, and is ancients gave this name to a tumour, sur
    entirely composed resin and essential oil , mounted by a black pustule, and resembling
    'without benzoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. the fruit of the turpentine tree.
    See Turpentines. TERMINTHUS , Pistacia terebinthus.
    All the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERÆ AR
    and cathartic . TERIÆ , Larynx.
    TEREBINTAISA ARGENTORATENSIS , see Pinus TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS , Mag .
    picea-t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea - t. nesiæ carbonas — t. Aluminis, Argilla pura - t.
    Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea - t. Chia, see Amara, Magnesiæ carbonas - t. Amara sul
    Piglacia terebinthus - t. Communis, see Pinus phurica, Magnesiæ sulphas - t. Bolaris, Argilla
    sylvestris — t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus pura - t. Foliata, Sulphur - t. Foliata mineralis,
    --t. Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris—t. Soda acetata - t. Foliata tartari, Potassæ acetas
    Veneta , see Pinus larix - t. Vera , see Pistacia --t. Fornacum , see Bricks-t. Fullonica, Ci.
    terebinthus - t. Vulgaris, see Pinus sylvestris. molia purpurescens—t. Japonica, Catechu.
    TÉRÉBINTAINE, Terebinthina -- t. de Co. TERRA Livon'ICA. A Terra sigilla'ta or sealed
    pahu, Copaiba - t. d'Égypte, see Amyris opo- earth from Livonia, redder than that from Si
    balsamum - t. de Gilead, see Amyris opobalsa- lesia, and very astringent.
    mum -t . du Grand Caire , see Amyris opobalsa- TERRA MERITA , Curcuma longa.
    mum - t. de Judée, see Amyris opobalsamum- TERRA NoceriA'NA. A whitish , soft, and
    t. de Melèze, see Pinus laris - 1. de Vénise, see astringent earth, found in the environs of No
    Pinus larix . cera , in Italy .
    TEREBINTHUS , Terminthus—t. Gummi- TERRA ORLEA'NA , Figmentum urucu , Urucu .
    fera, Bursera gummifera -- t. Lentiscus , Pistacia (F.) Rocou , Roucou, Bichet. A ceraceous mass,
    lentiscus— t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus. obtained froin the seeds of the Bira Orleana.
    TEREBRA , Trepan. In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery ,
    TEREBRATIO , Trepanning. and is considered to possess astringent and sto
    TEREDO, Caries, Spina ventosa. machic qualities. It is called , according to its
    TERES, Strongylus, Cylindroides, ' long and shape, Flag Annot'to, Roll or Egg Annotto.
    round,' ( q . v. ) An epithet given to many or. is in small ,
    The Spanish Annotto, Bira, ob
    gans, the fibres of which are collected into long cakes. It is chiefly employed as a colour
    round fasciculi. ing matter.
    The TERES Minor , Margini-sus-scapulo- TERRA PONDEROSA , Baryta—t. Ponderosa
    trochitérien, Nonus humeri Placenti'ni, Le plus muriata , Baryta, muriate of — t. Ponderosa sali
    petit sus-scapulo -trochitérien, ( Ch.) (F.) Petit ta, Baryta, muriate of — t. Saponaria, Cimolia
    'rond, is situate at the posterior and inferior part purpurescens.
    of the shoulder : it is narrow and flattened, Terra PORTUGAL'LICA, Barros, Bucaros . A
    from above to below , in its inner half ; and , reddish , astringent,styptic earth , obtained from
    from before to behind , in the outer. It is at Portugal.
    tached, on the one part, to the outer surface of TERRA Sigilla'ta , Scaled Earth . A bole or
    the scapula, near its inferior angle ; and, on the earthy matter, made into little cakes or fat
    other, to the inferior part of the great tuberosity masses, and stamped with certain impressions,
    of the humerus. It depresses the arm, and as with the head Terra of the Grand Seigneur. To
    causes it to turn on its axis from within out these belong the Silesiaca , Terra Lemnia ,
    wards . It also carries it backwards, T. Turcica .
    The TERES Majon, Anguli-scupulo-huméral, TERRA SIGILLATA , Bolus alba.
    Scapulo -huméral, (Ch.)(F.)Grand rond, is situate TERRA LEMNIA, Lemnian Earth, Lempnias.
    at the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder. A name given by the ancients to a solid, red .
    It is attached, on the one hand , to the outer sur:
    dish , astringent substance, prepared with the
    face of the inferior angle of the scapula ; to the
    pulp of the fruit of the Baobab, an African tree,
    corresponding part of its axillary margin ; and,according to Prosper Alpinus. It seems, how
    on the other, to the posterior margin of the bici-
    ever, to be an argillaceous earth . It has been
    pital groove of the humerus. It carries the arm employed as an astringent.
    backwards and inwards, and carries it also in . TERRA SILESIACA , see Terra sigillata - t. Ta).
    wards in rotation . When it acts with tho lon- cosa oxyanthracodes , Magnesiæ carbonas - t.
    TERRE -NOIX 683 TEUCRIUM

    Turcica, see Terra sigillata - t. Vitrioli dulcis, ria. Medicines which remove wrinkles. Gor
    Colcothar. reug .
    TERRE -NOIX , Bunium bulbocastanum - t. TETANUS , from Taro , I stretch ; ' Spasm
    Pesante, Baryta — t. Sigillée, Bolus alba. with rigidity, Convulsio. In'dica , Holoton'icos,
    TERRETTE , Glecoma hederacea.
    Rigor nervo'sus, Exten 'sio seu Disten 'sio , En.
    TERTIAN FEVER, Febris tertid na,An'etus ta'sia Tetanus, Catochus cervi'nus, Calochus
    tertianus, Trila'us, Tertian Ague, ( F. ) Fièdre holoton'icus. A disease which consists in a
    tierce . An intermittent, whose paroxysms re- permanent contraction of all the muscles or
    cur every third day , or every 48 hours. The merely of some , without alterations of relaxa
    mildest, and the most pernicious, intermittents tion. It is characterized by closure of the jaws ;
    belong to this head. As a general principle, it difficulty or impracticability of deglutition ; ri.
    is the most manageable form of ague . gidity and immobility of the limbs and trunk ,
    TERTIANARIA , Scutellaria galericulata. which is sometimes curved forwards ( Empros.
    TESSARA , Cuboid . thot'onos, q . v .; ) sometimes backwards (Opis.
    TESSELLA, Tabella . thot'onos, q. v .; ) and sometimes to one side ,
    TEST, DANIEL'S , see Docimasia pulmo- |( Pleurothot'onos, q. v .) When tetanus is con .
    num-t. Hydrostatic, see Docimasia pulmonum fined to the muscles of the jaws, it is called Tris
    -t. Ploucquet's, see Docinasia pulmonum-t. mus. It is a most formidable affection . The
    Static , see Docimasia pulmonum .
    TESTA'CEOUS. from testa , ' a shell.' A means of treatment
    blood -letting are:cold
    ; bathing, -copious and repeated
    and warm ; power.
    powder, consisting of burnt shells. These con- ful doses of opium , and other narcotics.
    tain carbonate of lime , chiefly , and hence the In TRAUMATIC TETANUS , or that which su
    term has been applied to cretaceous substances. pervenes on a wound, every extraneous matter
    See Creta ,
    must, of course , be removed from the wound,
    TESTE FORNACEÆ , Bricks—t. Præpara- and soothing applications be made to it.
    tæ , Creta præparata . TETANUS ANTICUS , Emprostholonos — t. Do
    TESTES. " The Testicles. A name given to lorificus, Cramp- t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos - t.
    the inferior tubercles of the corpora quadrige. Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t.Maxillæ inferioris,
    mina, ( q. v.) to distinguish them from the supe. Triamus—t. Posterganeus, Opisthotonos—t.
    rior, called Nates. Posticus, Opisthotonos.
    Testes MINORES, Prostale . TETARTÆUS, Quartan .
    TES'TICLE, Testis, Testic'ulus, Orchis, Did'y- TETARTOPHI'A , from tetapTOS, ' the
    mus, Gem'ini (pl .;) (F.) Testicule, from testis, fourth ,' and puw, I arise. Quarta'nus remit '.
    a witness,' because the testicles are evidences tens. A quartan, in which the intermission is
    of virility . The name of two glandular organs, inordinately short or imperfect.
    contained in the scrotum , whose office is to se. TÊTE , Caput , Head .
    crete sperm. They are formed of a gray and TETRADRACH'MON, from tergas, ' four,'
    softish substance, composed of tortuouscanals, and doa qun, ' a drachm .' A weight of four
    called Tubuli seminifleri vel Vasa semina'lia, drachms or half an ounce.
    folded on each other , and of extreme fineness; TETRAGONUS, Platysma mgoides.
    the number of which,according to the estimate TETRAMYRON, from Tetpus, .four,' and
    of Monro , is 62,500, and the total length 5,208 uvpor, 'an ointment.' An ointment of four in.
    feet. All these canals , uniting in theircourse, gredients. Galen.
    pass through the corpus Highmorianum, con TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus.
    cur in forming the epididymis, and give ori TETRANTHERA PICHU'RIM , Faba Pi
    gin to the vas deferens.
    The testicles are covered , immediately , by a churim. The seeds of this Brazilian plant have
    been used in diarrhæa, dysentery , flatulent
    fibrous membrane , of an opaque white colour, colic , & c. Dose, Jij.
    and very tough, called Tu'nica Albugin'ea, or, TETRA'O COTUR'NIX , Coturnir ; the
    simply, Albuginea , Perites'tis, of which the cor. Quail, (F.) Caille. The quail is an esteemed
    pus Highmorianum is only an enlargement. article of diet. The Greek name is optus ; and
    Over this, again, is the tunica vaginalis, the the places, called Ortygia, are named after it.
    second envelope of the testis.
    TesticLE, SWELLED, Hernia humoralis. The excrements of the quail were , formerly ,
    TESTICONDUS , Crypsorchis. extolled in epilepsy : and the fat in specks of
    the eye .
    TESTICULE, Testicle. TETRAPHAR'MACUM ,from Tetpaş,' four,'
    TESTICULUS ACCESSORIUS, Epididy. and paguazor, ' a medicine.' A medicine cop.
    mis -- t. Caninus , Orchis mascula .
    TESTIS FEMINEUS , Ovary — t. Muliebris, sisting of fouringredients.
    TETROB'OLON. The weight of four oboli,
    Ovary . or two scruples. - Gorræus.
    TESTUDINATIO CRANII, Camarosis. TETROROS, Astragalus.
    TESTU'DO , Chelone, ( F. ) Tortue. A TETTER , Herpes - t. Honeycomb, Porrigo
    genus of reptiles, including the turtle, the favosa - t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis - t. Running,
    Aesh of which is much esteemed as an article Impetigo - t. Scaly , Psoriasis.
    of diet. TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus.
    Also, an encysted tumour, which has been TEU'CRIUM CHAMÆ'DRYS, Chamædrys,
    supposed to resemble the shell of a turtle . Em. C. minor repens, C. vulgaris, Quer'cula minur
    phy ma encystis gan'glion . See Ganglion. seu Calamandri'na , Trissa'go, Chama'drops,
    Testudo, Fornix. Trizn'go, Cormon German'der , Creeping Gero
    TETANOMATA, Tetanothra . mander, Small Germander, English Trea'cle,
    TETANOʻTHRA, Tetanom'ata , Erugato'. ' (F.) Pelit chêne, Germandrée officinuie. Family,
    TEXTURE 684 THECA

    Labiata .Ser.' Syst. Didynamia Gymnosper- siders that the thalami act as ganglions to the
    mia. This is possessed of aromatic and bitter nerves; and, hence, he calls them Grand gang,
    properties. The dose of the dried powder is lion cérébral inférieur. They are also called
    from 3ss to zj. Posterior ganglion of the cerebrum , From the
    The TEUcrium Flavum has similar properties. thalamiand corpora striata fibres proceed up
    TEUCRIUM CHAMæp'tys, Chunæpitys, Ar. wards to constitute the convolutions of the
    thei'ica , Artkretica, Aju'ga, Abiga, Chamæmo'- brain , and the various bands that connect the
    rum , Iva arthriticá, Holodyron , lo'nia, Sideri'. different parts of the brain together.
    tis, Common Ground pine. ( F.) Petite Ivette. The upper and inner parts of the thalami are
    Properties like the last. The tops or leaves so closely connected as to form one continued
    have been recommended as aperients and to- surface, called Commissu’ra mollis. The pos
    nics ; especially in female obstructions, and in terior parts turn downwards and outwards ;
    paralytic disorders. after which they are elongated to form the two
    TEUCRIUM CRETICUM, Poley-mountain of white cords, termed Tractus op'tici.
    Candy, Polium Creticum. The tops and whole THALIC'TRON, Thalictrum , T. magnum , T.
    herb enter into the old compounds - Mithridate flavum , T. flavescens, Poor Man's Rhubarb,
    and Theriaca. It has a moderately aromatic Rhabarbarum pau'perum ,(F.) Pigamon jauna
    smell ; and a nauseous, bitter taste, and is tre, Rue des près, Fausse- Rhubarbe, Rhubarbe des
    placed among the aperients and corroborants. pauvres. Family, Ranunculaceæ . Sez. Syst.
    The Teucrium Capita'tum or Poley.moun. Polyandria Polygynia . The root resembles
    tain of Montpellier, Polium Monta'num , is , ge- rhubarb in its properties.
    nerally, substituted for the last. The common THANATODES, Mortal.
    Poley mountuin is the Teucrium Monta 'num ; THANATOLOGY, Thanatolog" ia, from da
    and the Golden Poley- mountain, the Teucrium ratos, death .' A description, or the doctrine,
    death
    Polium , Polion. of .
    The TEUCRIUM Iva , Chamæpilys moscha'ta, THANATOS , Death .
    lva moschata Monspelien'sium , İva, Chamæpitys THAP'SIA , from the island Thapsus. The
    anthyllus, French Groundpine, ( F.) Ivette mus- deadly carrot, Thapsia ascle'pias. Family, Um
    quée. It has similar virtues to the Chamæpitys, belliferæ. Sez. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The
    but weaker. root operates violently , both upwards and down
    Teucrium Marum, Marum Syriacum , Marum wards. It is not used .
    Cret'icum , Majoru'na Syriaca, Marum derum , THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum ni
    M. Corlu'si, Chame'drys incana marit'ima, grum .
    Marum germander,Syrian herb mastich , Orig'- THARSI. See Tarsus.
    anum Syriacum , ( F.) Marum ou Gerinandrée THÉ, Thea - t.des Apalaches, Ilex vomitoria
    Maritime, Herbe aux chats. A very aromatic -t. de France, Salvia - i. d'Europe, Veronica
    plant ; of a camphorated smell ; and formerly t. de la Mer du sud, Ilex vomitoria — t. du Mer
    much used in medicine as a tonic, anti-spas- ique, Chenopodium ambrosioides - t. de Simon
    modic, emmenagogue , &c. Pauli,Myrica gale — t. Suisse, Falltranck .
    TEUCRIUM SCORDIUM ; the Water Germander , THEA , Chaa , Tea , ( F.) The. There are two
    Scordium ,Trissa'go palustris, Chamadryspa- principal speciesof tea-plants ;-theThea Bo
    lustris, Allium red'olens, ( F. ) Germandrée Sco- hea and Thea viridis ; the black tea and the
    rodone, Sauye des bois, Germandrée aquatique. green. Family ,Hesperidee . Sex. Syst. Poly
    The leaves have a garlícky'smell,and bitterish, andria Monogynia. In commerce, manykinds
    and slightly pungent taste. It has the tonic of teas are met with . Several of the differ
    properties of the other Teucria . ences between these appear to result from the
    TEXTURE, Textu'ra , from tero , ' I weave.' age at which the leaves have been collected ,
    The particular arrangement of the tissues that and the mode of their desiccation .
    constitute an organ . Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe
    TEXTUS, Tissue - t. Desmosus, Desmoid about the year 1666 ; since which time its use
    tissue - t. Organicus, Cellular tissue — t. Paren- has become universal ; and , in spite of the as
    chymalis, Cellular tissue . sertions of medical terrorists, it is, except in
    THAL'AMUS, Jalanos, (F.) Couche; " a particular idiosyncrasies, entirely harmless.
    bed .' The place at which a nerve originates , By an analogical transference, very common
    or has been considered to originate. in language, the word Tea has been used almost
    Taal’amı NervO'RUM OPTICOʻRUM seu Op'. synonymously with infusion, as Beef Lea , Mint
    TICI , Eminentiæ magne cerebri, Ganglia cere- lea , & c.
    bri posti'ca, Crura medulla oblonga'tæ, (of Thea GERMANICA , Veronica.
    some,) Stria'ta cor'pora super'na posteriora, THEBE'SIUS , VEINS OF. A name given
    Colliculi nervorum opticorum , Couches des nerfs to supposititiousbranches ofthe coronary veins,
    oculaires, (Ch . ,) (F.) Couches des nerfsoptiques, which Christopher Adain Thebesius, a German
    Couches optiques. Two rounded and irregular anatomist, described as opening into the heart
    surfaces, which are seen exposed in the lateral by small depressions observable in the right
    ventricles of the brain , and in the third ventri- auricle ; and which have been called Foram '.
    cle , the inferior surface of which presents two ina Thebesir. No such veins can be demon
    projections, called Corpora genicula'ta, that strated. The valve , at the orifice of the coro.
    furnish several filaments to the optic nerves. nary vein, in the right ventricle, is called Vul
    The name was given from a belief that the rula Thebesii, V.Guiffartia'na, V. venæ magna
    optic nerves originate from them . They , how- THECA, Case, Vagina or sheath --t. Cor .
    ever, arise more posteriorly , and adhere merely dis , Pericardium - t. Vertebralis, see Vertebral
    to the inner margin of those bodies . Gall con canal.
    THEION 685 THESIS

    THEION , Sulphur. THERAPEUTIQUE , Therapeutics .


    THEIOTHERMÆ , Waters, mineral, sul. THERAPEUTIST. Same etymon. One who
    phureous. practises Therapeutics. A practitioner of me
    THELASIS, Lactation . dicine . To be a good therapeutist, he must be
    THELASMUS, Lactation . well versed in every department of medicine ,
    and be capable of observing and of reasoning
    THELE , Nipple, Papilla. well. A man may be a good observer, and yet
    THELI'TIS , from Onan , ' the female nipple ,' a bad reasoner . Ile cannot practise well unless
    the female breast,' and Itis, denoting inflam- he is both. Hence, the comparatively small
    mation . Inflammation of the nipple . number of good Therapeutists .
    THELOS , Mamma. THERIAC OF ANTIPATER , Antipatri 3

    THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina. theriaca.


    THENAR, Gevap. The palm of the hand, THERIACA , Inpraxa, from fre , ' a fero
    or sole of the foot. cious or venomous animal ,' and axeoual, I
    The TheNaR EMINENCE is the projection at cure.' Treacle, (q. v.) (F.) Thériaque. Also,
    the anterior and outer part of the hand, formed a medicine , believed to be capable of curing,
    by the abductor brevis, opponens, and flexor or preventing the effects of the bite of a veno
    brevis pollicis. mous animal. In this sense , it is chiefly used
    THENAR MUSCLE. Riolan and Winslow give by writers.
    this name to the fleshy mass, formed of the The THERIACA ANDROMAchi or Venice Trea
    abductor brevis, opponens pollicis, and the an- ce is an ancient aleripharmic electuary ; con
    terior part of the flexor brevis pollicis. In the sisting of a farrago of 61 different ingredients,
    foot, Winslow gives the name Thenar muscle possessing the most opposite properties. It
    tothe abductor , and flexor brevis pollicis pedis. was invented by Andromachus of Crete, and
    THENAR, Flexor brevis pollicis manus, Palm. prepared by order of Nero. It has received
    THEOPLEGIA , Apoplexy. various modifications ; and , to the discredit of
    THEOPLEXIA , Apoplexy, the Faculté de Medecine of Paris, holds its place
    THEORETICAL, Theoreticus, Theoricus, in their Codex, with even an additional num
    from 9awpew , ' I contemplate .' (F.) Théorétique, ber of ingredients. The Electua'rium Opia'.
    Théorique. That which is confined to theory, tum polypharmacum of the Codex contains
    or is connected with it. An epithet also ap acrid " ingredients, 5 ; astringent, 5 ; bilter, 22 ;
    plied to a sect of physicians , who founded their indigenous aromatics, 10 ; umbelliferous aroma
    doctrine chiefly on reasoning. tics, 7 ; balsams and resinous substances, 8 ;
    THÉORIQUE, Theoretical.
    THEORY, Theoʻria, from gewozw , 'I con- fetid ingredients,
    stances, l ; gummy6 ; ornarcotics, 1 ; earthy
    amylaceous, sub
    4 ; saccha,
    template.' The speculative part of a science . rine, 3 : tolal, 72 ! and one of these is the flesh
    The connexion established in the mind be- of the riper ! A little more than a grain of
    tween a general fact, or the least possible num- opium is contained in each drachm of the com
    ber of general facts, and all the particular facts pound .
    dependent thereon : for example,-the motions THERIACA CELESTIS, Tinctura opii - t.Com.
    of the heavenly bodies , and the most important munis , Melasses —t . Edinensis, Confectio opii.
    natural phenomena are connected with a single THERIACA GERMANOʻRUM . An extract or rob,
    fact, previously known by observation ; viz. prepared from juniper berries. Used as a sto
    that the force of gravity acts inversely , ac- machic .
    cording to the square of the distance . This Theriaca LONDINEN'sis , Cataplasma Cy
    constitutes the theory of universal gravitation. mini. A cataplasm of cumin seed , bayberries,
    Theory must not be confounded with system . germander, snakeroot, cloves, honey, and some
    Theory regards nature as it is ; and is a rigid times opium or syrup of poppies.
    deduction from facts . System is too often the THERiACA RustiCORUM , Allium .
    creature of the imagination , to which nature is THÉRIAQUE , Theriaca .
    made to bend . THERIODES , Ferine.
    The Theory of Medicine, Institutes of Me- THERIOMA, Therion , from re, ' a ve
    dicine, Theoretical Medicine, is that part of the nomous animal .' Any extremely malignant
    science , which attempts, philosophically , to ulcer. Sometimes, confined to ulcers of the
    account for the various phenomena that pre- lungs.
    sent themselves during health as well as in THERION, Therioma.
    disease . It is the philosophy of Medicine. THERIOTOMY, Zootomy.
    The Instilutes of Medicine are generally con .
    sideredtocomprise Physiology and its applica. SeeTHERMÆ , IrQuar . Warm baths or springs.
    Waters (mine;al.)
    tijns to Pathology, Hygiène , and Therapeu
    tics. THERMASMA, Fomentation .
    THERAPEIA , Curation, Therapeutics. THERMATICA , Calefacients .
    THERAPEUSIA , Therapeutics . THERME , Heat.
    THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Thera. THESIS, Disputa'tio, Inaug'ural Disserta'.
    peu'sia, latrotech'nica , Practice of Physic, The- tion. The name usually given to the essay
    rapei'a , Curatoria Melh'odus, Methodus Me composed by a candidate for graduation in Me
    den'di, from 9cpanevu , “ I remedy.' (F.) Thé- dicine, which he is at times required to defend
    rupeutique. That part of medicine, the object publicly. Often , however, it is a mere form
    of which is the treatment of disease. With giving useless labour and trouble to the stu
    others, the department which comprises an ex- dent, inasmuch as it is executed as a task, and
    planation of the modus operandi of medicines. never afterwards regarded by the preceptor or
    THEVETIA AHOUAI 686 THORACYSTIS
    10
    by others. Sandifort, Haller,Smellie , and Stoll , and xertiw , I pierce.' The same as paracen th
    have published collections of these. tesis of the thorax .
    Also ,a suffix denotingʻarrangement ;'— hence THORACHIQUE, Thoracic . th
    Diathesis, THORACIC, Thorac"'icus, from thoraz, ' the Pc
    THEVE'TIA A'HOUAT, Ahouai. Theker- chest, (F. ) Thoracique ou Thorachique . That bo
    nels of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to which relates or belongs to the chest ; as Tho by
    be a violent poison . At the Antilles, its nuts racic vis'cera , & c .
    are called Noix de Serpent ; and they are used The THORACIC Limbs are the upper limbs ;
    against the bites of serpents . by
    so called because they are articulated with the pr
    THIGH, Sax . deoh , Femur, Femen , Crus, lateral and upper parts of the chest. cu
    Meros, ( F.) Cuisse. The part of the lower The THORACIC REGIONS are the different re .
    Jimb, which extends from the pelvis to the leg. gions of the chest. Thus we say anterior, late
    The thigh is larger at its superior than infe- ral, and superior thoracic, &c .
    rior part, and has the form of an inverted and The ARTE'RIA THORACICA EXTERNA SUPE
    truncated cone , slightly depressed from within RIOR , A. thoracique supérieure, Première des to:
    outwards. Abore , it is bounded, anteriorly, by Thoraciques (Ch.,) arises from the axillary artery
    the groin ; externally, by the hip ; behind, by or from the acromial; and descends forwards
    the fold of the nates ; and within, by the pe between the pectoralis major and P. minor, to
    rineal region. Below, it is bounded ,anteriorly , which it distributes itself by a great number of
    by the prominence of the knee ; posteriorly , by branches. In some subjects, there are two or
    the han . It is formed of a considerable num- three Arterie thoracicæ externe superiores.
    ber of muscles, blood - vessels, lymphatics , The ARTERIA THORACICA EXTERNA INFERIOR
    nerves,
    neurosis.
    &c .; and is covered by a strong apo- VEL LONGA, A.mamma'ria caterna, A. Thoracica
    inferior, Deuxième Thoraciques (Ch . ,) arises
    THIGHBONE , Femur - t. Neck of the , Col. from the axillary, ades little below the preceding ,
    lum femoris. and descends vertically over the lateral part of
    THION , Sulphur. the thorax, and the serratus major anticus . It
    THIRST, Sax. gryre , Dutch , Dorst, Sitis, afterwards bends inwards ; becomes subcutane.
    Dipsa, (F.) Soif. A simple desire or an abso- ous, and divides into several branches , which
    lute want for liquids. Physiologists are not embrace thebreasts. It gives numerous ramifi
    entirely agreed regarding the seat of thirst; cations to the pectoralis major , serratus major
    some place it in the fauces; others in the anticus, intercostals, ganglions of the axilla,
    stomach . Its immediate cause is not known . mamma, & c .
    It has been attributed to a dry condition of the The THORACIC Duct, Ductus thoracicus seu T
    18
    nervous papillæ of the pharynx, produced by chylif'erus seu chyli seu lac'teus seu ro'rifer seu of
    suppression of the salivary and mucous secre. Pecqueli seu Pecquetid'nus, Vena alba thora'cis,
    tions. This is probably true; but, again , it is Alrcus ampulles'cens, Distributoria lactea tho
    owing to the wants of the system ,-a supply of racica , Ductus thoracicusposte'rior seu tertebra ' . to
    fluid being required to compensate the numer- lis, Galar'ia , Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, fo
    ous losses, that are constantly taking place . (F.) Canal ou Conduit Thoracique, is the duct
    Thirst is an internal sensation ,-- an instinctive in which the lymphatics of the lower limbs ,
    tid
    want, -arising from organization , and inexplio abdomen , left superior extremity, left side of
    co
    cable. It is an urgent symptom in many dis- the head , neck ,and thorax terminate. It begins ar
    eases, particularly in those of vascular excite- at the receptaculum chyli (q. v.,),which is formed ED
    ment.
    by the union of five or six large lymphatic
    Thirst, Excessive , Polydipsiaất. Morbid, trunks,-themselves formed from the union of eh
    Dipsosis . all the absorbent plexuses of the abdomen .
    THISTLE, BLESSED, Centaurea benedicta The duct ascends into the chest through the
    -t. Cotton , Onopordium acanthium - t. Globe , pillars of the diaphragm, and by the side of the PI
    Echinops - t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta — t.aorta and vena azygos. It contracts, in dimen
    Ladies, Carduus marianus-t. Milk , common , sions , as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra, when it
    Carduus marianus - t. Pine, Atractylis gum - inclines towards the left hand ; ascends behind
    mifera - t. Sow , Sonchus oleraceus - t. Star, the arch of the aorta ; passes behind the left in
    Centaurea calcitrapa. ternal jugular vein , and opens at the posterior
    THLASIS, Contusion-t. Depressio, Depres- part of the subclavian vein of the same side. P
    sion . Its embouchure is furnished with two valves, t
    THLASMA, Contusion - t. Concussio, Con. which prevent the blood from passing from the
    cussion -- t. Stremma, Sprain . vein into the duct.
    THLASPI, Pennycress. Family , Cruciferæ . THORACIC , Long or INFERIOR , Mammary in
    Ser . Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two spe- ferior external artery - t. Superior external,
    cies of thlaspi are directed, in somepharma- Mammary superior external artery.
    copæias, for medical use :-the Thlaspi arren'sē THORACICA , Pectorals .
    or Treacle mustard , and the Thlaspi campes'tre THORACICS , FIRST OF THE, Mammary
    or Mith'ridate mustard. The pharmaceutical superior external artery - t. Second of the,
    properties of both kinds resemble those of com. Mammary inferior external artery.
    mon mustard . T'HORACIQUE , Thoracic .
    THLIP'SIS, 92141ç, Compres'sio. Compres- THORACO -FACIAL, Platysma myoides — t.
    sion , and especially constriction of vessels by an Marillo-facial, Platysma myoides. 01

    external cause. Oppression , (q . v. ) THORACODYNE , Pleurodynia. LE


    THOLUS, Achicolum - t. Diocleus, Scapha. THORACOSCOPIA . See Auscultation .
    1
    THORACENTE'SIS , from owpas, ' the chest, THORACYSTIS, from duga , ' the chest,'
    THORAX 687 THYRA

    and XURTIS, ' a bladder .' Encysted dropsy of THYMBRA, Satureia hortensis— Hispa.
    the chest. Hydatids in the chest. nica, Thymus inastichina.
    THORAX, Cith'arus, Me'dius venter, Pectus, THYME , COMMON , Thymus - t. Lemon ,
    the Breast, the Chest, Bir , Chelys, Cassa, ( F.) see Thymum serpyllus — t. Mother of, Thymus
    Poitrine. One of the splanchnic cavities; serpyllum - t. Wild ,Thymus serpyllum .
    bounded , posteriorly ,by the vertebræ ; laterally, THYMELÆA, Daphne gnidium .
    by the ribs and scapula ; anteriorly, by the THYMIAMA , Muskwood , Thus Judæo'rum ,
    sternum ; above, by the clavicle ; and, below , (F.) Narcaphte. A bark from Syria, Cilicia ,
    by the diaphragm . It is destined to lodge and & c ., supposed to be the product of the liquid
    protect the chief organs of respiration and cir- storax tree. It has an agreeable , balsamic smell ;
    culation : - the lungs and the heart. approaching that of liquid storax.
    THORA , Corset. THYMIAMA, Fumigation , Suffimentum .
    THORE , Sperın . THYMIATECHNY , from θυμιαμα, 6 an
    THORN APPLE , Datura stramonium. odour,' and toyun, ' art.' The art of employing
    THOROUGHSTEM , Eupatorium perfolia- perfumes in Medicine.
    tum . THYM'ION , Verru'ca minor, from Dumos ,
    THOROUGHWAX,Eupatorium perfoliatum . • thyme. A small wart on the skin, resem
    THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfolia- bling the buds of thyme.
    tum . THYMIOSIS, Frambæsia .
    THOROW.WAX, Bupleurum rotundifolium . THYMI'T ES.. Wine impregnated with
    THORULUS STRAMINEUS , Fanon. thyme.
    THREADWORM , LONG, Tricocephalus. THYMOS, Rage .
    THREPSIS, Assimilation , Nutrition . THYMOXALME, from Junios , 'thyme,' osus,
    THREPTICE , Assimilation . acid ,' and 'ans , salt.' A compound of thyme,
    THRIDACE , Lactucarium , vinegar, and salt.
    THRIDAX , Lettuce. THYMUS, Glandula Thymus, Corpus Thy
    THRIFT LAVENDER , Statice limonium. mia'mum seu Thymicum , Glandium , Thymus
    THRIX , Capillus, Hair. gland. An organ, the uses of which are totally
    THROAT, Ø pove, opota, Jugulum , Guttur unknown, and which is seated in the upper
    Sphage. The anterior part of the neck. (F.) separation of the anterior mediastinum . The
    Gorge. Also, the Fauces , ( F.) Gosier. thymus has the appearance of a glandular body.
    THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium . It is oblong ; bilobate ; soft, and very variable in
    THROBBING, Pulsati'vus. A throbbing pain , size and colour. In the fætus , it is very large,
    (F. ) Douleur pulsatine, is a kind of pain , which and contains a milky fuid : but it gradually
    is, or seems to be , augmented by the pulsations disappears, and in old age is scarcely discern
    of arteries. ible .
    THROMBOSIS , Thrombus . The arteries, called Thymic, are from the in
    THROMBUS , Thrombo'sis, Trumbus, Hæma- ferior thyroid , internal mammary, bronchial,
    to'ma. A small , hard , round, bluish tumour ; and mediastinal. The veins have the same
    formed by an effusion of blood in the vicinity arrangement. It receives some nervous fila
    of a vein which has been opened in the opera- ments from the pneumogastric nerves, the
    tion of blood -letting. The thrombus is most phrenic, and from the inferior cervical gan
    commonly owing to the opening in the vein glia.
    and that of the skin not corresponding; to Thymus, T.vulga'ris , Common Thyme, (F.)
    excessive smallness of the cutaneous orifice ; or Thym , T. Ordinaire. Family, Labiatæ . Ser.
    to small , fatty granules, which prevent the dis- Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This herb
    charge of the blood. Compresses, dipped in has an agreeable , aromatic smell ; and a warm ,
    salt water ; camphorated spirit, and slight com- pungent taste. It is reputed to be resolvent,
    pression usually disperse it. emmenagogue, tonic, and stomachic . It is not
    THRUSH , Aphthæ . much used .
    THRYPSIS , Comminution. Thymus, Satureia capitata - t. Creticus, Sa
    THUREA, Juniperus lycia - t. Virga, Juni- tureia capitata.
    perus lycia. Thymus MASTICHI'NA, Common Herb Mas
    THƯS, see Pinus abies-t. Femininum , see tich, Marum vulga'rē, Samp'suchus, Clinopo'dia ,
    Pinus abies — t. Judæorum , Croton cascarilla— Mastichi'na "Gallorum , Thymbra Hispan'ica ,
    t . Judæorum, Styrax-t. Judæorum, Thymiama Jaca In'dica . A low , shrubby, Spanish plant,
    -t. Libanotos, Juniperus lycia - t. Masculum , used as an errhine . It has a smell like mastich.
    Juniperus lycia - t. Verum , Juniperuslycia - t. Its virtues resemble those of the Ma'rum Syria
    Vulgare, see Pinus abies. cum ; but it is said to be less powerful.
    THUYA APHYLLA. See Sandarac. Thymus SERPYL'LUM , Mother of Thyme, Wild
    Thu'ya OCCIDENTA'LIS, Arbor Vite , Tree of Thyme, Herpylos, Herpyllos, Serpyllum, Ser.
    Life . Nat. Family, Coniferæ. The leaves and pullum , Serpil'lum , Gila'rum , Serpyllum vul
    wood were formerly in high repute as resol- ga'ré minus, ( F. ) Serpolet. This plant has the
    vents, sudorifics, and expectorants, and were same sensible properties as the garden thyme;
    given in phthisical affections, intermittent fe. but has a milder, and rather more grateful
    vers , and dropsies . The expressed juice bas flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'.
    been applied to condylomata. The arrangement tum , is merely a variety of the Thymus Serpyl
    of the medullary matter of the cerebellum , lum. It is very pungent; and has a particu
    termed Arbor Vitæ , is also called Thuya. larly grateful odour, approaching that of lemons.
    THYM , Thymus. Thymus SYLVESTRIS, Satureia capitata.
    THYMALOS, Taxus baccata . THYRA , Auga , ' a door,' Thy'reus, Aupeos , ' a
    THYREMPHRAXIS 688 TIBIA MINIMA

    ' Emmam
    shield. ' In composition , Thyreo and Thyro, The TAYROID CARTILAGE, Carlila 'go Scuti
    mean the thyroid cartilage. formis , C. Scuta'lis , C. Clypea'lis, Coöperto'.
    THYREMPHRAXIS , Bronchocele. rium, C. Pelta'lis, Ada'mi Morsus Os, is the
    THYREO-ARYT'ENOID , Thyro -arylenoi- largest of the cartilages of the larynx, at the
    deus, or Thyro -arytenoides. That which relates anterior part of which it is situate . It is larger
    to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. transversely than vertically ; broader above
    The THYREO -ARYTENOID LIGAMENTS, "Infe. than below ; and seems formed by the junction
    riorLigaments of the Larynx, Lips ofthe Glot of the two quadrilateral plates, which produce,
    tis, Vocal Cords, are two ligaments about two by their union, an angle that projects forwards.
    lines broad,formed of elastic and parallel fibres, Its two posterior margins terminate above, and
    which are contained in a duplicature of the on each side, by an ensiform prolongation ,

    的
    mucous membrane of the larynx. They extend called the greater cornu of the thyroid cartilage;
    horizontally from the anterior projection at the and, below , by a less prominent eminence, the

    9
    base of each arytenoid cartilage to the middle lesser cornu, which is articulated with the
    of the angle of union of the thyroid cartilage. cricoid .

    個
    They are the essential organs of voice. See The THYROID GLAND, Corpus Thyreoideum ,
    Glottis . Glan'dula Thyreoïdea , ( F.) Gland ou Corps

    EmmH 的 .
    The THYREO-ARYTENOID Æ'ı Muscles are thin Thyroïde, is an organ, the uses of which are not
    muscles, which arise from the middle and infe- known . It covers the anterior and inferior part
    rior part of the posterior surface of the thyroid of the larynx, as we as the first rings of the
    cartilage : whence they proceed backwards and trachea, and seems to be composed of two
    outwards, to be inseried into the outer part of lobes, flattened from before to behind, which
    the base of the arytenoid cartilage. They give are united by a transverse prolongation of the

    以 曲 ME 如
    the necessary tension to the ligaments of the same nature as themselves, called the Isthmus
    glottis, in the production of the voice. Santo- of the Thyroid Gland.
    rini has given the name Thyr' eoarytenoïde'us The tissue of the thyroid is soft, spongy , and
    obliquus tò a portion of the arylenoïdeus muscle . of a brownish colour ; but its intimate struc
    THYREO -EPIGLOT'Tic, Thyreo-epiglottideus. ture is unknown. It is formed of several dis. 1

    Sabatier and Santorini have given this name to tinct lobules; collected in lobes of greater or 1
    the outer portion of the thyro -arytenoid mus- less size. These are composed of granulations,
    cle ; because it passes from the thyroid cartilage some of which contain a yellowish or milky Ja
    to the anterior part of the epiglottis . fluid. The thyroid gland receives four large
    THYREO-HYOID, Thyro-kyoïde'us, Thyro -hyor. arteries, called Thyroideal, as well as corres 1

    des. That which belongs or relates to the thy- ponding veins. Its nerves proceed from the
    roid cartilage and os hyoides. pneumogastric, and from the cervical ganglia.
    The THYREO-HYOID Æ'us or Hyo-thyreoïdaus No excretory duct has ever been found in it. TO
    Muscle is situate at the anterior and superior Its uses are not known. fit
    part of the neck . It is attached to the oblique THYROIDEAL , Thyroïdeus, Thyreoïdeus,
    line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car- ( F.) Thyroïdien . That which concerns the th
    tilage ; to the inferior edge of the body of the os thyroid gland or cartilage.
    hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its great The THYROIDEAL ARTERIES
    DO
    are two on each
    cornu. It approximates the thyroid cartilage side.
    and os hyoides to each other, by raising the 1. The superior Thyroïdeal, superior laryngeal 2
    cartilage, and with it the whole larynx: or, it or superior guttural, arises from the anterior
    can depress the os hyoides. part of the external carotid , and proceeds to 2
    The THYREO -HYOID or Hyo -THYROID MEM- the upper part of the thyroid gland, after having
    BRANE is a very broad , yellowish, fibrous mem- given off a laryngeal branch and a crico-thyroid.
    brane , thicker at the middle than at the extre- 2. The inferior Thyroïdeal, or inferior gut
    mities, which is attached, above, to the posterior tural , much larger than the last, arises from the be
    surface of the body and great cornu of the os upper part of the subclavian . It passes, in a
    hyoides; and, below , to the whole superior serpentine manner, to the inferior part of the P
    edge of the thyroid cartilage. thyroid gland , to which it is distributed, after
    THYREO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyro -pharyngæus. having given a number of branches to the
    THYREOID , Thyroid . neighbouring parts, among which is the cerdi.
    THYREOIDEUS , Thyroideal. calis ascendens.
    THYREONCUS , Bronchocele. The THYROIDEAL Veins are , 1. A superior G
    THYRO-ARYTENOID , Thyreo-arytenoid thyroïdeal, and severalmiddle thyroïdeal, which a
    -t. Crico -pharyngæus, see Crico-pharyngeal- open into the internal jugular vein . 2. An in .
    t. Hyoideus, Thyreo-hyoid. ferior thyroïdeal, much larger than the pre
    THYRO -PHARYNG E'us, Thyreo-pharyngeus, ceding, whose branches form - by anastomosing
    Valsalva, Morgagni , Santorini, and Winslow with those of the opposite side, in front of the
    have given this name to the portion of the con- trachea - a very remarkable venous plexus ,
    strictor pharyngis inferior, which is attached to which J. Cloquet calls the infra -thyroïdeal plerus.
    the thyroid cartilage. The inferior thyroideal veins open , -- the left,
    Thyro- PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor pharyngis into the corresponding subclavian ;-the right,
    -t. Pharyngæus, see Crico- pharyngeal-t. Pha- into the vena cava superior.
    ryngo-staphylinus, Palato-pharyngeus. THYROIDIEN , Thyroideal.
    THYROCELE, Bronchocele . THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele .
    THYROID, Thyreoid, Thyrot'des, from TIBI-PERONÉ O - TARSIEN , Peronæus
    gupros , ' a shield ,' and ados, form .' That longus.
    which has the shape of a shield . TIBIA MINIMA , Fibula.
    TIBLEUS 689 TIGE PITUITAIRE

    Tib'ra , Cnemě, Procne'me. A Latin word , minates , below , at the tuberosity on theinferior
    which signifies a flute. Focile majus, Arun'do extremity of the os scaphoides. This muscle
    major, Canna major, Canna major seu domes'. extends the foot on the leg ; at the same time
    tica cruris. The largest bone of the leg. A raising its inner edge . It, likewise, extends
    long, irregular, and triangular bone , situate on the leson the foot.
    the inner side of the fibula. It has, 1. A Su- The TIBIAL ARTERIES are two in number .
    perior or femoral extremity, which is very large , 1. The Tibialis Anti'ca , which arises from the
    rounded , and has two eminences at the sides , popliteal artery , before its bifurcation ; passes
    called Tuberos'ities of the Tibia , or Tibialtubero. immediately through the opening in the upper
    sities. The outermost is articulated with the part of the interosseous ligament, and reaches
    fibula . On its head are two articular, oval , the anterior part of the leg ; when it turns
    concave surfaces, separated by a process, called downwards, and descends , obliquely, between
    Spine of the tibia , which are articulated with the the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the
    condyles of the Os femoris. 2. An inferior or tibialis anticus, anterior to the interosseous
    tarsal extremituj, having an articular surface ligament; glides under the anterior annular
    beneath , which joins the astra galus; within , a ligament of the tarsus, and takes the exame
    triangular eminence, which forms the malleolus Dorsalis tarsi.
    internus; and , on the outside , a triangular Amongst the numerous branches, given off
    surface , which articulates with the fibula. 3. by the tibialis antica , may be distinguished - the
    The body or shaft of the tibia has three faces, Tibialis recurrens, A. mallcola'ris interna, and
    separated by three angles, the anterior of which A.malleolaris externa. 2. The Tibialis posti'ca,
    is the most prominent , and is called the spinearises from the bifurcation of the popliteal
    or crista of the tibia or tibial spine. It is the artery ; and , slightly tortuous, descends be
    shin. The tibia is articulated with the femur, tween the two planes of the posterior muscles
    fibula , and astragalus . It is developed by three of the leg ; until it arrives under the arch of
    points of ossification, one for the body , and one the calcaneum , where it divides into two
    for each extremity . branches - the Plantar arteries.
    TIBIÆUS , Tibial. The ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEINS
    TIBIAL, Tibia'lis, Tibia'us. (F.) Tibial, have the same arrangement as the arteries
    Jambier. That which relates to the tibia or to which they accompany.
    the leg . The TIBIAL NERTES are two in number.
    The Tibial Aponeuro'sis, ( F ') Aponévrose 1. Theanterior tibial norre, Prétibio-susplantuire,
    jambière, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It (Ch.) One of the two branches in which the
    is continuous, above, external popliteal terminates. It accompanies
    rosis, and arises, alsowith
    , fromthe the
    femoral
    head aponeu
    of the the arteria tibialis antica. 2. The posterior tibial
    fibula, and from several fibrous expansions netre, Branche tibiale du norf fémoro-poplitée,
    which detach themselves from the tendonsof (Ch .) is the internal popliteal, (q. v.)
    the triceps , sartorius , gracilis , and semitendi- TIBIO -CALCINIE.V , Soleus - t. Phalun
    nosus . Thence it descends around the leg , at- gettien , Flexor longus digitorum pedis profun
    taching itself to the whole extent of the anterior dus perforans-- t. Sous-tarsien, Tibialis posticus
    and inner edges of the tibia . It sends, below , - . Sus-métatarsien, Tibialis anticus - . Sus
    an expansion , which passes before the tendo tarsien , Tibialis anticus.
    Achillis , and is continuous with the anterior TIBIO -TARSAL, Tebio-larsous, ( F. )
    annular ligament of the tarsus . It is attached , Tibio -larsienne. What relates to the tibia and
    also, to the sheath of the peronei muscles. tarsus .
    Tibialis Anti'cus , Cate'næ mus'culus, Tibio . The T1B10 -TARSAL ARTICULATION is the
    sus-métatarsien , Tibio -sustarsicn ,( Ch .) ( F.) Jam- articulation of the foot with the leg. It is
    bier antérieur. A muscle, situate at the anterior formed by the tibia and the astragalus ; and is
    part of the leg. Above, it has the shape of a strengthened by lateral, and by anterior, and
    triangular prisin ; below , it is slender and ten posterior ligaments.
    dinous. li is attached, above, in the anterior TIBIO.TARSIEN , Tibialis posticus .
    part of the external tuberosity of the tibia ; to TIC ; Twitching. A local and habitual con.
    the superior half of the outer surface of that vulsive motion of certain inuscles ; and , especi .
    bone ; and to the anterior surface of the inter ally , of some of those of the face. It is , some
    osseous ligament . Below , its tendon terminates times, called in France Tic convulsif, to dis.
    at the base of the first cuneiform bone, and at linguish it from Tic doulourcuz or neuralgia
    the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal facici , (9. v . )
    bone. This muscle bends the foot on the leg , TIC DOULEUREUX, Neuralgia, facial.
    and directs its point inwards , at the same time TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride .
    that it raises its inner edge . It can, also , bend TIOKLING, ( F.) Chatouillement . This
    the leg on the foot, and prevent it from falling word,sometimes, means the action of tickling
    back wards in standing.
    ( titilla'tio;) at others, the sensation produced by
    Tibialis Gracilis , Plantar muscle . this action (pruri'lus .) A vivid sensation, which
    Tibialis Posti'cus, Tibio-tarsien , Tibio -sous commonly causes laughter, and a state of ge
    tarsien, ( Ch .) (F.) Jambier postérieur. This neral spasm that may be dangerous if too long
    muscle is situate at the posterior and deep part protracted .
    of the leg . It is thicker above than below ; and There are some parts of the body, where we
    is attached, above, to the posterior surface of the are easier tickled than others ; e.g. the soles
    fibula ; to the posterior surface of the tibia , and of the feet, and the hypochondriac regions.
    to the interosseous ligament. Its tendon ter- TIGE FITUITUIRE, Infundibulum of the
    87
    1

    TIGILLUM 690 TINCTURA

    brain-t. Sus-sphenoidale, Infundibulum of the TINCTURA ABsin'thu Compos'ITA , Compound


    brain . Tincture of wormwood, Essen'lia absin'thii com
    TIGILLUM , Crucible . posita seu ama'ra. ( Absinth ., artem . pontic.,
    TIGULA , Saccharum . caryoph. āā zss, succh. Zij,alcohol ihss. Macerate
    TIKIMMA , Cacoucia coccinea. for fifteen days. Ph . P.) Tonic, stomachic ,
    TILBURY, MINERAL WATERS OF. vermifuge , and carminative. Dose, zij to zss.
    A saline chalybeate at West Tilbury in Essex, Tinctura ACACIÆ CATECHU, T. catechu - t.
    England. It is not much frequented . Acetatis ferri cum alcohole, see T. ferri acetatis
    TILIA , T. Europa'a, Phil'yra. The Lime -t. Acidi sulphurici , Sulphuricum acidum aro
    tree or Linden trce, ( F. ) Tilleul . Fumily, Tilia maticum .
    cete . The flowers have been supposed to pos- Tixctura ÆTHE'REA CAMPHORA'TA , Solu'tio
    sess anodyne and antispasmodic virtues. camphoræ ætherea , Liquor nervinus Bangii, Spi
    TILLEUL, Tilia . ritus sulphu'rico - thereus camphora'tus, Naphtha
    TILMOS , Evulsion . vitrioli camphordta. ( Camphor. p . i. Èther.
    TILMUS, Carphologia. sulphuric, p. ii.) Stimulani in atonic diseases,
    TIMAC. The name of an East India root , arthritic cardialgia and spasm . Dose , 20 to 30
    but of what vegetable is not clear. It is said to drops in white wine .
    possess diuretic properties ; and hence has been Tinctura ÆTHEREA FERRI, Alcohol (seu
    given in dropsies. Tinctura ) sulphurico-æthereus ferri-- t. Alco
    TIMIDUS, Rectus inferior oculi. holica Chinæ composita, T. cinchonæ composita
    TIN , ( D.) Ten. Stannum , Cassiteros, Cal. —t. Alcoholica corticum aurantiorum Whyttii ,
    tit'eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Slu'pia , Laos, Plum- Tinctura cinchonæ amara—t . Alexipharmaca
    bum album , Plumbuin candidum , (F.) Etain. A Huxhami, Tinctura cinchone composita .
    solid metal; of a peculiar odour when rubbed ; TINCTURA AL'oes, T. Al'ocs Socotori'na , Es
    insipid ; colour, whitish ; S. G. 7.291 ; giving scn'tia Aloes, Alcohol cum Aloe perfolia'tâ, Tinc
    a peculiar tinkling sound when struck. It is ture of Aloes. ( Aloes, socotr. cont. Zss, ext. gly .
    used , in medicine, only as a mechanical an. cyrrh. Ziss, aquæ ibj, sp . recl. Ziv. Macerate.
    thelmintic. Dose, zj of the Pulvis stanni or Ph. L.) Properties, those of aloes. Dose, żss
    Granulur tin, in molasses. Lo Ziss.
    Tin, BUTTER OF , Tin , muriate of - t. Chloruret TINCTURA Aloes ÆTUE'NEA, Æthe'real Tinc
    of, Tin, Muriate of-t. Deutohydrochlorate oſ, ture of Aloes, Tinctura alocs vitriola'ta. ( Aloes.
    T. muriate of socol., g : myrrh, åă Ziss, croci 3j, sp . atheris
    Tix -Four, Slannum folia'tum, Stanniolum , is sulph.1bj. Digest the myrrh in the ether for
    used for plugging carious teeth , &c. four days ; then add the aloes and saffron .
    Tin - Glass , Bisinuth . Ph. E.) Stimulant and cathartic. Dose, 3j
    Tin , GRANULAR, see Tin - t. Muriate of, su- 10 gij.
    peroxygenated , T. muriate of. TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITA , Elix'ir Pro
    TiN, MU'RTATE OF , Butter of Tin, Fuming prieta'lis, E. aperitirum , Elixir Aloes, Tinctura
    liquor of Liba'rius, Murias Stunni, Murias Or. Aloes cum Myrrha, T. Aloes et Myrrhæ croca'ta ,
    yil'uli Slanni, Chlor'uret of Tin , Deu'to-hydro. Elixir of long life, Compound Tincture of Aloes.
    chlorate of Tin, Superorygenated Muriate of ( F. ) Elirir de longue rie, Baume de rie de Le
    Tin . This is formed of Tin , one part ; con- lièvre. ( Ext.aloes spicat, croci aa 3ij, Tinct.
    centrated muriatic acid , three parts. To be crys. Myrrha , iðj. Ph . L. & D.) Purgative and sto
    tallized by the aid of heat. A violent cathartic. machic. Dose , 3j10 zij.
    Dose, gr. ij or iij . Radcliffe's Elixir is formed ofAloes socotr.
    Tin , SULPHURET OF , Aurum musivum . 3vj, cort. cinnam ., rad. zedoar, aa 3ss , rad. rhei
    TINASMUS, Tenesmus. 3j, coccinell. gss, syrup. rhamni 3ij, sp. tenuior,
    TINCTURA , from Tingo , ' I dye .' Tincture, Ibj, aquæ pura Zv.
    Essen'tia , ( F ) Teinture, Alcoolat, Alcool. The TINCTURA ALOES ET MYRRHÆ CROCATA, T.
    term tincture is generally restricted to spirituous A. composita—t. Aloes vitriolata , T. A.ætherea
    solutions of vegetable, animal, and some saline --t. Amara, T. gentianæ composita - t. Amomi
    substances. It corresponds, therefore, with the repentis, T. Cardamomi - t. Amomi zingiberis,
    word Quintes'sence, in one of its old significa- T. zingiberis .
    tions ; and with the Alcoola'tum of the Codex of TincturA ANGUSTU'RÆ, Tincture of Angus.
    Paris. It is not unusual , however, to speak of tura. ( Cort. cuspar. in puld.crass reduct Zij,sp .
    aqueous tincture, ethereal tincture, &c. Tinc. vin. ten,Ibij . Digest. Ph. D.) Dose, 3j to 3ij.
    tures are made, either with pure alcohol or TINCTURA ARISTOLOCHIÆ SERPENTARIÆ , T.
    proof spirit. The former are precipitated by serpentariæ - t. Aromatica, T. cinnamorni com
    water ; and, therefore , are seldom used inter- posita - t. Aromatica ammoniata, Spiritus am
    nally ; the latter are common additions to in moniæ aromaticus.
    fusions, decoctions, & c . They ought not, of TINCTU'RA ASAFeT'IDÆ , T. Fer'ulæ Asafe
    course , to be united with any vehicle which tidæ , Tincture of Asafatida, T. fatida , T. ase
    can decompose them or separate any thing from fætidæ, ( Asufætiil. ziv., sp . rect. Ibij. Digest.)
    them in a palpable form ; unless such decom. Dose, gti . xv to zj.
    position is desired by the prescriber. TINCTURA ASAFETIDÆ AMMONIATA , Spiritus
    In making tinctures, the ingredients should ammoniæ fætidus.
    be reduced to a coarse powder ; and the macera- TINCTURA Aurea'rii, T. Cor'ticis Auranti ,
    tion be made in close vessels, exposed to a heat Tincture of Orange Peel. (Aurant, cort . recent.
    of about 80° , and frequently shaken . When 3iij, sp. rect. tbij . Digest for 14 days .) Stomachic .
    completed, theymust be filtered, and put away Used as an adjunct to stomachic draughts. Dose,
    for usc in close bottles .
    zss to zij.
    TINCTURA 691 TINCTURA

    TINCTURA AUREA , Alcohol seu tinctura sul . Carminativum Sylvii , Carminatire Elixir of Syl.
    phurico -æthereus ferri. vius (Rad. angelic. 4 p ., rud . imperator . , galang.
    Tinctura Benzo'ini Compos'ita, Compound aa 6 p., fol. rosmarin., majornn., ruta , basilic.
    Tincture of Benzoin, T. Benzoes composita, aa 48 p., baccar.laur. nobil, 12 p , sem. angelic.,
    Friar's Balsam ,Vervain's Bulsum ,Wadc's Drops, ligust levist., anis. áă, 16 p.zingib , nuc. moschat.
    Jesuit's drops, the Commander's Balsum, aă, 6 p, cinnam . 12 p ., caryoph ., cort. limon. åă,
    Wound Balsam , Balsam for cuts , Balsamum 4 p . Add alcohol, 1500 p . Macerate and distil
    Catholicum , B. Per'sicum , Balsamum traumat'. 1000 p. Ph. P.) A warm stomachic, carmina
    icum , Elixir traumaticum . (Benzoin . ziij, styrac.tive, &c . Dose, 388 to 3ss., T. Crolo'nis Eleu
    balsam . 3ij , tolut . 3), aloes spic. extract. Zss, sp . TINCTURA CASCARIL'LA
    rect . Ibij . Macerate for 14 days . Ph. L.) Stimu- the riæ ,Alcohol cum Crotone Cascarilla, Tincture
    lant. Used chiefly to wounds and ulcers. of Cascarilla . ( Cascarill. cort.cont . Ziv, sp . ten.
    The basis of Turlington's BALSAM OF Lire, bij. Ph . L. ) Dose , zj to ziv.
    is the Compound Tincture of Benzoin . The Tincturá CastoʻREI , T. Castorei Rossici,
    following form is recommended by a committee Essentia Castorei, Alcohol castoria'tum , T. Caso
    of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy : - torei Canaden'sis, Tincture of Castor. (Castor.
    ( Alcohol. Oviij , Benzoin. zxij , Styrac. liquid, cont. Zij , sp. rect. Ibij. Macerate for 7 days.)
    ziv, Aloes socotrin, zj, Balsam Peruvian, zij , Tonic and antispasmodic. Dose, gtt. xx to zij,
    Myrrhe, zj , Rad. Angelic. zss, Balsam Tolut., or Tinctur
    more.
    Ext. Glycyrrh. āá ziv. Digest for ten days, . CASTORET Compos'Ita, Compound
    and strain . ) Tincture of Castor. ( Cast. Zj, g. asafatid . Zss,
    The ESSENCE OF COLTSFOOT consists of equal alcohol. ammonint. fbj. Ph. E.) Antispas
    parts of the Compound Tincture of Benzoin and modic. Dose, zj to živ. Called, also, Elirir
    Bulsum of Tolu , to which is added double the fatidum , Tinctura custorei fætida seu fæiida
    quantity of Rectified Spirit of Wine. It is sold as ammoniu'ta.
    a pectoral TINCTURA CATECHU, Tinctura Japon'ica, T.
    Tinctu'ra CalUM'BÆ , T. Colombæ , T. Co- Mimo'se Catechu, T. Aca'cive Catechu, Tincture
    lombo , Tincture of Columbu, Columbo Bitters. of Catechu. ( Catech . Extract 3iij,cinnam . cort.
    ( Calumb.rad. concis. Ziiss, sp.ten. ibij . Macerate contus zij,sp. ten. Ibij. Ph. L.) Astingent.
    for 14 days. Ph . L.) Dose, zss to ziv . Dose, 3 ) to gij.
    Tinctura CAMPHORÆ , Spiritus camphoræ . The CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF CHARCOAL ,
    Tinctura Cam'PHORÆ Composita , T. Opii sold for cleaning the teeth , seems to be littie
    Cumphora'ta , Compound Tincture of Camphor, more than the tincture of catechu.
    Elixir Paregoricum , Puregor'ic Elixir. ( Cam- TINCTURA CICUTÆ , T. conii maculati.
    phor. Jij , opii duri cont.,acid. benz . aa zj , spirit TINCTURA CINCHO'NÆ , Tincture of Cinchona ,
    ten. Ibij. Pk. L ) f. 3j contains nearly gr. ij of T. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Simplex, T. Cort. Peru
    opium . Anodyne. Dose, 3j to ziij . riani, Tincture of Burk. (Cinchon. luncifol.cort.
    Squire's Elixir, an empirical carminative pre. cont. Zvij, sp . ten. Ibij . Ph. L. E. D.) Dose, 3j
    paration , is thus made, according to one for to ziv or more.
    mula. ( Opii Ziv, camphor.Zj, coccinell. Zj , fæni. Tinctura Cischo's & AMARA , Elixir anti
    cul. dulc. Žij, linct. serpent. Ibj, sp.unisi,cong.ij, hypochondriacum, E. rob'orans Whyttii,E. Whyl
    aquæ ibij, uuri musivi Zvj.) lii, Essentiu Corticis Peruviu 'ni Composita , Tinc
    Tinctura CANTHAR'IDIS, T. C. Vesicato'riæ, tu'ra alcohol'ica corticum aurantiorum Whyttii,
    T. Lytta , Tincture of Blistering Fly, T. of T. Kinkina ama'ra , Elixir stomach'icusspirituo'.
    Spanish Fly, T. Melocs resicatorii. Teinture sus. ( Cinch. p. viij , Gentian. Rad . Cort. Aurant.
    rubéfiante . (Cantharid . cont. 3iij, sp . ten. Ibij. 3 p. Alcohol ( 900) 90 p. Digest.) Dose , one or
    Ph . L.) Stimulant and diuretic , but not often two teaspoonfuls.
    used internally . Externally , stimulant. Dose , TINCTURA CinCIONÆ AMMONIA’TA , T. Cor'.
    glt. x . ticis Peruria'ni volut'ilis, Ammonialed Tincture
    Matthero's Injection , a once celebrated nos- of Bark, Volatile Tincture of Burk . ( Cinchon.
    trum for fistula in ano,consisted wholly of a lancifol. cort. cont. Ziv , sp. ammon. aromat. Ibij.
    dilute Tincture of Cantharides. Ph. L. ) In dyspepsy, combined with acidity
    Tinctura
    bacc. Cap'sici,
    3j , sp . ten. Tincture
    Ibij. Ph.of L.)Capsicum
    Stimu-, and languor.
    Capsic. TincturA CINCHONÆ ÆTHEREA COMPOSITA ,
    lant. Dose , 3ss to 3j. T. Kina Kinæ alhe'rea compos'ilu, Elixirium
    TINCTURA CARDAMO'MI, T. amo'mi repen'lis, Antisepticum Docto'ris Chaussier, Chaussier's
    Tincture of Cardamoms. ( Cardam . sem . cont Antiseptic Elixir. (Cinchon. officin . Zij, cas
    ziij, spirit .ten. Ibij. Ph. L. D.) Use, the same carill. Ess, cinnam. ziij , croci zss, sacch. alb.
    as the seeds. Dose, 3j to giv. 3xxxviij . Put these bruised into a mattress,
    Solomon's Balm of Gilead, an empirical pre-and add vin. alb. Hispanic. vel vin. muscat., al.
    paration, seems to be an aromatic tincture ,-of cohol. äā ihj. Macerate for two days, and add
    which Cardamoms form a leading ingredient,- sulphuric cther ziss. Ph. P.) Tonic, stimulant,
    made with brandy. Some affirm that it con- and antiseptic. Dose , zss to zj .
    tains cantharides. TinctuRA CINCHONÆ COMPOSITA, Compound
    Tinctura CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA , Compound Tincture of Cinchona or Bark, Huxham's Tinc
    Tincture of Cardamoms, Stomach Tincture, Tinc- ture of Burk, T. Cor'ticis Peruvin'ni Compos'ita ,
    tura Stomuch'ica . ( Card. sem., carui sem ., cocci, T. febrifuga Docto'ris Huxha'mi, Essen'tia
    aa zij, cinnam.cort.cont. giv , urar, passar demp Chine, E. Corticis Peruviani Alexiphar'maca
    tis ucinis ziv, spirit. ten. Ibij. Ph . L.). Sto. tu'ra
    machic and carminative. Dose , zij to giv.
    Huxha'mi,Essen'tia antisep'tica Huxhu'mi, Tinc.
    Alexiphar' muca Hucha'mi, Tinctu'ra Alco .
    Tunctura CARMINATI'va Sylvil, Alcoola'tum hol'ica China Compos'ita. ( Cinchon. luncif.cort.
    TINCTURA 692 TINCTURA

    cont. Zij, aurant. cort . exsicc . Ziss, rad. serpent. cum Spiritû Salis, T. Ferri Muria'li, Tincture of
    cont. 3iij , croci stigmat. 3j , cocci cont. Dij , sp Steel, Alcohol ferra'tus. (Ferri subcarb. fiss,
    tenuior. žix, Ph . L.) More grateful than the acid muriat. lbj, ep .rectif. Ibiij. Add the acid to
    simple tincture. Dose, 3j to ziij . the subcarbonate in a glass vessel, and shake
    TINCTURA CINNAMO'MI, Tincture of Cinnamon , during three days . Pour off and add the spirit.
    Essen'tin Cinnamomi, T. Lauri Cinnamomi. Ph . L.) Tonic and styptic. Dose, gtt. x to xx.
    ( Cinnam . cort. cont.Zij, sp. tenuior. Ibij. Ph. A solation of nitrate of iron has been recently
    L. D. ) Stomachic. Dose, 3j to zij . recommended in chronic diarrhæa and dysen .
    Tinctura CINNAMO'MI COMPOSITA, Compound tery . Its virtues exactly resemble those of the
    Tincture of Cinnamon , Tinctu'ra Aromatica , muriate of iron .
    Essen'tia Aromatica, Alcool cum Aromatibus The Antivencreal Drops, at one time so cele
    Compos'ilus, Eau de Bonferme ou d'Armagnac. brated at Amsterdam ,were examined by Scheele
    ( Cinnam . cort. cont. zvj, cardam . sem . cont. and found to be a tincture of muriate of iron
    zij , piper. long fruct, cont ,zingib. rud.cont. aa and corrosive sublimate .
    zij, sp. tenuior.Ibij. Ph . L. ) Use, same as the Tinctura FERULE ASAF @TIDÆ, T.asafætidæ
    last. " Dose , 3j to ziij. -t . Florum martialium , T. ferri ammoniata
    TINCTURA DE COCHLEA'Rus, Alcoola'tum det . Fætida, T. asafetide - t. Fætida ammoniata,
    Cochlea'riis, A. antiscorbu'ticum. ( Fol.cochlear. T. castoreicomposita - t. Fuliginis, see Fuligo.
    recent . 2500 p . , rad . armoracice , 2:30 P. , alcohol . TINCTURA GAL'BANI, Tincture of Gallanum .
    (22 ° to 32. Be.) 3000 p ., distil ofi 2000 p . Ph . P. ) ( Galb. Zij , sp . tenuior . Bij. Ph. D.) Stimulant
    Antiscorbutic. Dose, zij to 3j . and aniispasmodic. Dose, 3j 10 ziij .
    Tinctura Colchici, Vinuin colchici-t. Co- TiscTURA GALLA'RUM , Tincture of galls.
    lombæ , T. Calumbæ . (Gollar. in pulv, trit. Zij. sp .ten . Zvj. Ph. E.
    TINCTURA Conil Macula't!, T. Cicu'ta, & D.) Astringent. Dose, 3j to ziij.
    Tincture of Hemlock . ( Conii fol. sicc. zij , car- TINCTURA GENTIA'N Æ Compos'Ita, Compound
    damom . sem . cont. ziv, sp . ten. Zxv . Ph . E. ) Tincture of Gentian, Tinct. Ama'ru ,Spirit Bitters,
    l'se; -the same as that of ibe leaves. Eliz'ir Stomuch'icum . . ( Rad. gent. concis. Zij,
    TINCTURA ConvolvuLi JalaPÆ , T. jala pii- aurant. cort. exsiccat. 3), cardam . sem.cont. 355,
    t. Corticis aurantii, T. aurantii - t. Corticis Pe. spirit tenuior . ibij. Ph. L. E. & D.) Tonio
    ruviani composita, T. cinchonæ comp.-- t. Cor- and stomachic. Dose , zj to ziij .
    ticisPeruviani simplex, T. cinchone - t. Corti . Bropun's Nervous CORDIAL consists of the
    cis Peruviani volatilis , T. cinchonæ ammoniata . Tinctures of Gentian , Columba , Cardamom, and
    TINCTURA Croci Sati'va , T. Croci, Tincture Bark , with the Compound Spirit of Lavender ,
    of Suffron . (Croci Angl.cont. 3),alcohol. dilut. and Wine of Iron .
    Žxv. Ph. E.) Slightly stoniachic (?) Dose, STOUGHTON's Elix'ir is a compound tincture
    3j to zilj .. of gentian . The Elixir'ium Docto'ris Stough
    TINCTURA DE Croco Compos'ITA , Elixir'ium lon seu Tinctura Amara of the Parisian Codex
    de Garus, Alcoola'tum de Croco Compositum , is prepared as follows :-Absinth. summit. ex
    Compound Tincture of Saffron , Elixir of Garus. siccat., Teucri chumædrys., Rad. gentiin ., cort.
    (Alocs socotr . 320 p.,myrrh . 64 p ., croci 32 p ., aurant. aa 3vj, cascarillie zj, chci zss, aloes
    cinnam. , nuc. moschat., caryoph . ää. 16 p ., alco - socotr. 5j, alcohol. Ibij.) Digest.
    hol. 1000 p. , aq, flor, aurant: 5000 p. Digest for Tinctura GENTIANI'NÆ , Tinctureof Gentia
    Lwo days ; distil 4000 p . and add syrup of capil. nine. ( Alcohol (..03) 3j, gentianin . , 5 gr.) Pro
    laire, 5000 p . Ph. P.) Aromatic , cordial, sto- perties like those of the lincture of gentian .
    machic . li is , also , called Elirir cordiale et Tinctura Guaracı, T. G. Officina'lis, Tincture
    alomaci'icum , and E. anticolicum croca'tum . of Gua'iccum . (Guaiac. res. Ibss, sp . rect. Ibij.
    TINCTURA CROTONIS ELEUTHERIÆ , T. casca. Ph. L. & D.) Stimulant and sudorific . Used
    rillæ . especially in rheumatic and arthritic cases.
    Tinctura DigitA'LIS , Tincture of Digitalis, Nearly the same as Hill's Essence of Bardana.
    T. Digita'lis purpu'reæ . (Digital. fol.exsiccat . Tinctura GUATACI AMMONIA'TA, Ammoniated
    Tincture of Guaiucun , T. Guaiaci'na Volatilis,
    ziv, spirit. tén. ibij. Ph. .. D.) Use, same as Elixir
    that of the leaves . Dose , gtt. x. Guuiuci Volailis, Alcohol cum Gua'iaco
    TincturA FEBRIFUGA DoctoRIS HUxuAMI, officina'li ammonia'tus, Alcohol ammonie et
    T. cinchone composita . Gua'iaci, T. Guaiaci, P. L. 1788 , Volatile Tinc
    Tinctura FERRI Acetaʼris, Tincture of Ace.ture of Gua'incum . ( Guaiac. g. res.cont. Ziv,
    tate of Iron. (Boli acetat. Zij , sulph. ferri 3j , sp.:anmon. arom . Ibiss. Ph. L. E. D. ) Properties
    sp. rectif. Ibij . Rub the acetate and sulphiale same as the last. Dose , 3j to 3ij .
    into a soft muss. Dry and rub with the spirit. HATFIELD'S TINCTURE - a nostrum - consists
    Digest for 7 days, and pour off: Ph. D.). Tonic ofGuaiccum and Soap áă zij,rectified spirit,Ibiss.
    and astringent. Dose, glt. xx . 10 3j. The TINCTUPA HELLEB'ori Nigri, Tincture of
    Dublin college directs a Tinctura Aceluiis Ferri Black Hellebore, T. Hellebori, T. Melampo'dii.
    cum Alcohole, which differs from the other, in ( Rad. helleb , nigr. concis. Ziv , sp . tenuior. ibij,
    having half the quantity , only , of the Acetate of Ph . L. E. D. ). Dose, gss to 31.
    Potass .
    Tinctura Hiera, Vinum aloes.
    TiscTuRA FERRI AMMONLA'TA, Tincture of TINCTURA HU'NULI, Tincture of Hops. (Hu
    Ammoniated Iron, T. l'erri Ammoniaca'lis, 'ř. muli strobil. Zv, sp . tenuior. Ibij. Pl. L.) Tonic
    Florun martialium , T. Hurtis Munsich'ti. ( Ferri and sedative. Dose, 5ss to 3iij.
    ammon giv, sp . ten . Ihj . Ph. L. ) Use - same as Tinctura Hyoscy'AMI, 7. Hyoscyami nigri,
    that of the ammoniated iron. Dose, 3ss to zij. Tincture of Henbane. (Hyoscyum . fol. exsicc.
    TincturA FERRi Moria’ris , Tincture of Nu ziv , sp . ten . tbij. Ph. L ) Narcotic , anodyne.
    riate of Iron , T. Martis in Spiritû Salis, T. M. Dose, gtt. xx to gij .
    TINCTURA 693 TINCTURA

    Tinctura lodi'NÆ , Alcohol lodii, Tincture of contains one grain of opium . Used like the
    lodine. ( Alcohol. S. G. .842, 3j , iodin ., 48. gr .) Tinctura Camphoræ Composita .
    The tincture spoils by keeping , or at least, de- Tinctura Opni CAMPHORATA, T. camphora
    posits the iodine. It has been much used in composita - t. Plumbosa, Liquor plumbi sub
    goître, & c . Dose , ten drops,three times a day. acetatis dilutus .
    TINCTURA JALA'pu , 7. Jalapa , T. Convolvuli Tinctura QuassiÆ , T. Quassiæ cxcel' sæ ,
    Jalapa, Tincture of Julap , Vali'ga. ( Jalap. rad . Tincture of Quassia. (Lign. quassiæ zj , sp :
    cont. Zviij , sp. ten . Ibij. Ph . L. & D. ) Cathar- rini ten. Ibij. Ph. E. & D.) Tonic . Dose, žj
    tie. Bose, zi to ziv. to zij .
    TINCTURA JALA'PII Compos'ta, Elixir Jalap'.TINCTURA QUINI'NÆ, Tincture of Quinine.
    , ( .847) Zj .
    pe Compos’itum , Elixir purgans, Essen'tia ca- ( Sulphate of Quinine, gr. vj , alcohol
    thoľica purgans Ruthii, Elixir anthelmin'ticum M.) Dose, gj to giv , in the day .
    Suecorum , Eau de vie Allemande , (Jalap . Ibss , Á TINCTURA Cincuoni'ng may be made in a
    Scammon 5) , Alcohol, (229 , ) Ibvj . Macerate similar manner .
    for eight days. Ph. P. ) Dose , 60 to 100 drops. TINCTURA RHABARBARI, T. Rhej - t. Rhabar
    Tisctună Japonica, T. catechu - t. Kinæ bari composita, T. rhej — t. Rhabarbari vinosa,
    kinæ ætherea composita–T. cinchonæ ætherea Vinum rhej palmati.
    composita - t. Kinkina amara , T. cinchone TincturA RHEI, T. Rhabarb'ari, T. Rhabarbari
    amara .
    spirituo'sa , T.Rhæi, Tincture of Rhubarb, T. Rhei
    Tinctura Kino, Tincture of Kino. (Kino palma'ti. (Rhei. rad . concis. 3ij , cardam . sem .
    contrit. ziij , sp. ten. Ibij . Ph. L. E. & D.) cont. Zss, croci stigmat. gij , sp . ten .Thij. Ph. L.)
    Astringent.) Dose , zj to zij. Stomachic or purgative,according to the dose
    Tinctur á Lauri CINNAMONI,T.cinnamomi- employed :-āj to zij as stomachic; ziv to zj
    t. Lavandula composita , Spiritus lavand. comp. as a purgative.
    -t . Lylıp, T. cantharidis - t. Martis Glauberi, TINCTURA Rue Compos'ıra, T. Rhabarbari
    see Ferrum tartarizatur --t. Martis in spiritû composita, Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. ( Rliei
    salis, Tinctura ferri Muriatis - 1.Martis Myn - nud. concis. Zij , glycyrrhiz. rad. cont. Zss,
    sichti, T. ferri aimoninta - t . Martis vinosa , zingib. rad . concis., croci stigmat. äā zij, aqua ,
    Vinum ferri - t. Melampodii, T.hellebori nigri zxij, sp . ten . Ij. Ph. L.) Properties same as
    -t. Meloes vesicatorii, T. cantharidis - t. Me. the last.
    tallorum , Lilium Paracelsi —t. Mimosæ catechu , WANNER'S CORDIAL-a nostrum-consists of
    T. catechu . Rhubarb , 5j , fol. sennæ çss, croci 3j, rad. gly
    Tinctura Moschi, Tincture of Musk, Essence cyrrh. ziv . urarurn passurum ibj, sp . rini Gal
    of Musk. ( Mosch. in pulv. rcduct. gij, sp. cini lici Thiij.
    rect. Thj.)
    Dose , 3j to ziv . Tinctura RHEI ET AL'oes, Tincture of Rhu
    TINCTURA MYRRHÆ , Tincture of Myrrh , Sim- barb and Ilocs, Elixir sucrum . ( Rad . rhei concis .
    ple Tincture of Myrrh . ( Myrrhæ contuse,ziv, uvijaloes socot. Zvj,sem.amom . repent. cont.zss,
    sp. rect. Ibij . Pk. L.E. & D.) Tonic, deobstru- alcohol dilut . bijss. Ph . E. ) Properties like the
    ent, antiseptic, and detergent. It is chiefly last.
    used in gargles, and applied to foul ulcers , Ryver's CARDIAC TINCTUNE , consists of an
    spongy gums, dic. infusion of Capsicum , Camphor, Cardamom
    Hudson's PRESERVATIVE FOR THE TEETH seeds, Rhubarb , Aloes and Custor in Proof Spirit,
    AND Gums consists of Tinct. myrrh, tinct . cinch ., with a very small quanlity of Sulphuric Acid .
    aq. cinnum. aa zij, cau d'urquebuscude, 5j, pult. Tinctura Ruei ET GENTI'NÆ , Tincture of
    gum . Arub . 3ss . M. Rhubarb with Gentian , Tinctura Rhei Ama'ra .
    TINCTURA NERVINA BESTUCHEFFI, Tinctura (Rad rhei cont. 5ij , gentian . lutea cont. Zss,
    seu alcohol sulphurico-æthereus ferri—t. Nervi (alcoholis diluti ibijss. Ph. E.) Properties sime
    na Ilalensis , Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico- as the last.
    Tinctura RueJ, T. rhejmt. Rhæj amara , T.
    ethereus ferri - t . Nervino- tonica Lamotte's, Al-
    cohol seu tinctura sulphurico-ethereus ferri. rhej et gentianæ --- t . Sacra, Vinum aloes-t.
    Tixctura Nucis Vom'ICÆ. Tincture of Nur Saponis camphorata, Linimentum saponis com
    Vomicu. ( Alcohol. S. G. .837, 3j. Dry Extract positum - t. Saponis et opii , Linimentum sapo
    of Nur Vomica , 3 gr . ) Dose, glt, v to xxx in nis et opii - t. Sedativa, T. opii.
    cases where the nux vomica is indicated. Tinctura ScillÆ , Tincture of Squill. ( Scilla
    Tinctura Opil, Tincture of Opium , Liquid rad. recent. exsiccat. Ziv, spirit. tenuior. Ibij:
    Lau'danum , Theriacı cælesiis, Alcohol cum Ph. L. E. & D. ) Properties, same as those of
    Opio, Tinctura Theba'ica , Tinctura Sedali'ra , the bulb . Dose , git , xv to ls .
    (Opii duri contriti zijss, spirit tenuior. Ibij. Ph . TINCTURA SENNE, T. Senne Compos'ila ,
    L ) Nineteen minus contain about one grain Elixir Salutis, Duffy's Elirir , Tincture of Senna ,
    of opium . Properties, those of opium . Dose, ( Senna fol. ziij, Carui sem . cont, ziij, cardam .
    gll. xx to lx and more. By macerating the sem . cont. 3j, urarum passarum demptis acinis,
    dregs remaining after making the Tinctura ziv , sp. ten. Ibij. PR. L. & D.) Stomachic,
    Opii in a solution of Tartaric Acid, a solution carminative, and cathartic. Dose, 3i), to zj.
    is obtained, which is devoid of the exciting TINCTURA SERPENTA’RIÆ , T. S. Virginia'na ,
    and constipating properties of the tincture of T. Aristolochi'e Serpenta'riæ, Tincture of Snake
    opium . Gray calls it Haden's Liquor Opii Se- root. ( Rad . Serpent. Zij, sp. ten , Ibij. Ph. L. &
    dati'rus.
    D. ) Tonic . Dose, 3ss to zij .
    TINCTCRA Opus ALIONIA'ra , Ammoniated TINCTURA STOMACHICA, T. cardamomi com.
    Tincture of Opium ,Edinburgh Paregor'ic Elixir. posita.
    ( Flor. benz., croci áă zilj, opii zij , ol. anisi zss , Tinctura STRYCH NI'NÆ , Tincture of Strych.
    alcohol. ammonial. āxvj . digest. Ph . E.) 3j nine. ( .Alcohol, S. G. .837 mbj, strychninc, gr.
    TINCTURE 694 TISSUE

    iij . ) Dose 6 drops to 24. Properties, those of the fly , Tinctura cantharidis - t. of Squill, Tinctura
    strychnine. scillæ -- t. of Steel, Tinctura ferri muriatis - t. 1

    TinctuRA SEU Alcohol SuiPhU'Rico -Æ- Stomach , Tinctura cardamomi composita - t. 1


    THE'REUS Ferri, Gulla nervina, Liquor Anod' for the Teeth, Greenough's, see Spiritus armo
    1
    ynus Martialis, Al'coholæthereus ferratus,Naph'- raciæ compositus -- t. of Wormwood, compound,
    tha Vitrioli Martia'lis , Solu'tio Muriutis ferrici Tinctura absinthii composita .
    athe'rea, Spiritus Sulphurico-athe'reus Mar. TINEA , Porrigo - t. Faciei, Porrigo larvalis
    tialis, Tinctu'ra nerri'na Halen'sis, T. ton'ico -t. Favosa , Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa, Porrigo
    nervi'na Halen'sis, Tinctu'ra aurea, T. nervina scutulata - t. Furfuracea , Porrigo furfurans — t.
    Bestucheffii, T. nervino-tonica Lumotle's, T. Granulata , Porrigo scutuluta — t. Lactea, Por
    æthe'tea ferri, Ether Martialis , De La Motte's rigo larvalis — t. Lupina, Porrigo lupinosa - t.
    Golden Drops, Bestucheff's Nervous Tincture, Porriginosa, Porrigo furfurans.
    Elixir d'or de M. le Général De La Motte. An TINKLING , METALLIC , Tintement métal
    ethereal solution of muriate of iron . It is much lique.
    used in gout , hypochondriasis, & c. TINNIMENTUM METALLICUM , Tinte
    TincturA SULPHURIS VOLATILIS, Liquor fu . ment métallique.
    mans Boylii - t. Thebaica , T. opii-t. Thebaica, TINNI'TUS AU'RIUM , Paracu'sis imagi
    Vinum opii . nu'ria , Susur'rus, Syrig'mus, Syring'mos, Sil'i.
    TinctunA TOLUIF'ERÆ BAL'SAMI, Tincture of lus, S. clango'sus, Strep'itus aurium , Echos ,
    Balsam of Tolu ', T. Balsami Tolutd'ni. ( Bulsam. Enechema, Bombus, (F. ) Tintement, Tintouin .
    Toluif. Zjss, alcohol . Ibj. Ph. E.) Repuied to be An imaginary sound, like the ringing of a bell,
    expectorant and corroborant. Dose, gss to 3j the noise of wind, the murmur of water, &c.,
    or more . heard in health and in sickness. It is , often ,
    TincturA TONICA NERVINA HALENSIS, Al- an accompaniment of cerebral disorder.
    cohol seu Tinctura sulphurico -æthereus ferri . TINTEMENT, Tinnitus aurium - t. Bullaire ,
    TinctuRA VALERIA'NÆ, Tinclure of Valerian, T.métalliqnc.
    (Valerian. rad . Ziv, sp . ten . Ibij. Ph . L. & D.) TINTEMENT MÉTALLIQUE (F.) Tinte
    Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, 3ss to zij. ment bullaire, Tinnimen'tum metallicum , Me
    TINCTURA VALERIANÆ AMMONIA'ra, Ammo- tallic Respiration , Metallic Voice, Metallic Tink
    niated or Volatile Tincture of Valerian, T. Va. ling. A particular noise , heard by the ste
    lerianæ Volal'ilis. (Valerianæ rad. Ziv , sp. am- thoscope when applied to the chest,and which ,
    mon. arom . Ibij. Ph . L. d. D.) Like the former. according to Laënnec resembles that, caused
    Dose, 3ss to zij . by striking metal, glass , or porcelain with a
    TINCTURA VERA'TRI, T. Veratri albi. Tinc- pin ; but which is, perhaps, inore like the
    ture of White Hellebore. ( Rad. verutri. alb. sound of the keys of a musical snuff-box. The
    cont. Zviij , alcohol. dilut. Ibijss. Ph . E.) Emetic tintement métallique or metallic tinkling is heard
    and cathartic ; but not very manageable . Dose, on causing the patientto speak or breathe ; but
    git. v to x . is more distinct when he coughs. When the
    Tisctura Zingib’eris, T. Amo'miZingiberis, phenomenon is not so strongly marked it pro
    Tincture ofGinger. (Zingib. rad.concis. Zij , sp. duces only the metallic resonance.
    tenuior . Ibij . Ph . L. & D.). Stimulant and car- The metallic tinkling' is a pathognomonic
    minative. Dose , 3j to ziij. symptom of a communication between the
    TINCTURE OF ACETATE OF IRON ,bronchi and cavity of the chest ; in other words,
    Tinctura ferri- t. of Balsam of Tolu , Tinctura of Pneumothorur .
    toluiferæ balsami-t. of Bark , Tinctura cin- TINTINNABULUM , Uvula .
    chone - t. of Bark , ammoniated, Tinctura cin. TINTOUIN , Tinnitus aurium .
    chonæ ammoniata-t. of Bark , compound , Tinc- TIPSARIA , Decoctum hordei.
    tura cinchona composita — t. of Bark , Hux- TIRE:BALLE, Forceps (bullet.)
    ham's, Tinctura cinchone composita - t. of TIRE - FOND, (F.) A surgical instrument,
    Bark , volatile, Tinctura cinchonæ ammoniata formerly used to elevate the piece of bone sawn
    -t. of Blistering Fly, Tinctura cantharidis - t. off by the trephine.
    Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhej et aloes- t . of TIRE - PUS, Pyulcon,
    Galls , Tinctura gallarum - t. of Ginger , Tinc- TIRE - TETE , (F.) A name given to different
    tura zingiberis -t . for the Gout, Dr. Wilson's, instruments used forextracting the head of the
    see Colchicum autumnale - t. Hatfield's, see child when left in the uterus , and in certain
    Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata - t. of Hellebore, cases of difficult labour. The crotchet ( 9. v .)
    white , Tinctura veratri - t. of Hemlock, Tinc is one of those, as well as the Tre-tête à bas
    tura conii inaculati -t. of Henbane, Tinctura cule of Levret , & c .
    hyoscyami- t. of Hops, Tinctura humuli - t. of TISANE, Ptisa'na or Ptissa'na , Ptisane',
    Iron, ammoniated ,Tinctura ferri ammoniata- from ntiourr, barley '. A name given to aque
    t. of Iron, muriated, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. ous medicines, containing but little, if any , me
    of Ludwig , see Ferrum tartarizatum-t. of dicinal agent. The ancients gave the name par
    Musk , Tinctura moschi — t. Nervous, Bestu- ticularly to the decoction of barley .
    cheff's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico -æthe. TISANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordei.
    reus ferri -- t. of Orange peel, Tinctura aurantii TISSU, Tissue - t. Accidentel, see Accidental
    -t. of Rhubarb, Tinctura rhej - t. of Rhubarb -t. Caverneur, Cavernous texture-t. Celluleur
    and aloes , Tinctura rhej et aloes-t. of Rhu- des os, Cancelli.
    barb and gentian , Tinctura rhej et gentiane- TISSUE, Tertus, ( F. ) Tissu . By this terın ,
    t. of Saffron, Tinctura croci -- t. of Saffron , com- in anatomy, is meant the various parts , which ,
    pound, Tinctura de croco composita - t. of by their union , form the organs ; and are , as it
    Snakeroot, Tinctura serpentariemi. of Spanish were , their anatomical elements. General ana
    TITHENESIS 695 TONGUE

    tomy is the anatomy of the tissues , and they TOCETOS , Parturition.


    are the seat of the investigations of the patho- TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics .
    legical anatomist. The best division , indeed, TOCOS, Parturition.
    of diseases would be according to the tissues TODDY TREE , Mamei.
    mainly implicated. For the elementary Tis- TOE , Digitus pedis .
    sues , see Fibre . TOEPLITZ , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    The compound tissues , which , by associating T. is a town of Bohemia , celebrated for its nu.
    or combining variously , form every organ of merous thermal springs. The water contains
    the body, have been variously classed : but every carbonate , muriate , and sulphate of soda ; car
    division is imperfect and liable to objections. bonates of lime and iron, & c.
    The following is one of the most recent . TOFUS , Tophus.
    TABLE OF COMPOUND Tissues, TOILE D'ARAIGNÉE, Aranei tela - t. Cho
    1. Cellular .
    roidienne, see Choroid - t. de Gaullier, Spara
    2. Serous . drapum Galteri.
    TOKAS, Puerpera.
    3. Cutaneous , S Dermoid , TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics.
    Mucous.
    TOLES , Tonsil.
    Arterial,
    Venous , TOLLES, Tonsil .
    4. Vascular. TOLU , Tonsil.
    Lymphatic, TOLUIF'ERA BAL'SAMUM . Family, Te
    Erectile .
    5. Glandular. rebinthaceæ . Ser . Syst. Decandria Monogynia.
    The name of the tree, which affords the Bul.
    6. Cartilaginous . sam of Tolu ', Bulsamum Toluta 'num , Toluif'eræ
    Fibrous ,
    7. Fibrous ,
    Fibro-cartilaginous. Balsami Balsamum , Goac'onaz, Red Balsum of
    Peru ', ( F.) Baume de Tolu , B. de Carthagène.
    8. Osseous.
    Voluntary , It has a very fragrant odour, and warm, sweetish
    9. Muscular, Involuntary . taste ; is thick , and of a reddish -yellow colour.
    Cerebral, It is stimulant and expectorant, (? ) and is used
    10. Nervous , in coughs. It is chiefly , however, employed on
    Ganglionic. account of its flavour.
    11. Epidermoid. TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum .
    The Accidental or ADVENTITIOUS TISSUES TO ME , Tom'us, τομη, τομος, incision ' A
    consist of every substance - foreign to the pri . common suflix , as in Lithotomy, Bronchotomy,
    mitive organization of the economy, but yet & c.
    organized and living — which may be developed TOME, Cut, Incision.
    in the interior or at the surface of organs. TOMEION , Knife .
    Laënnec divides the accidental tissues into twoTOMENTUM CER'EBRI, from tomen'tum ,
    sections . 1. Those that resemble others in a flock of wool . ' The infinite number of
    the animal economy, or analogous accidental small vessels, which pass between the pia mater
    Tissues ; and, 2. Those that have nothing analo- and convolutions of the brain. They enter the
    gous in the body, and which are always the re- substance of the brain at right angles.
    sult of a morbid process—the heterologous or TOMEUS, Knife .
    hcleroclite accidental tissues . TOMIS , Scissors .
    To the first class belong ;-ossifications; ac- TOMOTOCIA , Cæsarean section .
    cidental fibrous, fibro -cartilaginous, cartilagi- TONE , Tonus , from teiro , ' I stretch . ' The
    nous, cellular, and corneous tissues ; hairs ; the state of tension or firmness , proper to each or
    serous membranes of certain encysted tumours; ganic tissue. It is the effect of Tonicity , (q. v.)
    the mucous membranes of fistulous canals, and TONE, Elasticity.
    accidental synovial membranes. To the second , TONGUE , Sax. rung, (D.) Tong, Lingua,
    belong lubercles , scirrhi , melanoses, &c. Glossa , Glotta, (F.) Langue. The tongue is a
    Tissue, AREOLAR, Cellular tissue- 1. Cribri- muscular, syinmetrical,and very mobile organ ;
    form , Cellular tissue-t . Filamentous, Cellular situate in the mouth , from the os hyoides and
    tissue-t. Laminated , Cellular tissue - t. Liga- epiglottis to the incisor teeth . Its use is, par.
    mentous, Desmoid tissue -- t. Mucous, Cellular ticularly, to procure for us the sensation of
    tissue - t. Porous,Cellular tissue-t.Reticulated, savours ; and it aids in the acts of sucking,
    Cellular tissue. mastication, deglutition, pronunciation , and ex
    TITHENESIS , Lactation . puition . It has the shape of a pyramid, flat
    TITHYMALUS, Euphorbia palustris - t. Cy. iened above and below ; rounded at its angles,
    parissia, Euphorbia cyparissias -t. Latifolius, and terminated , anteriorly , by a blunt point.
    Euphorbia láthyris—t. Paralias, Euphorbia pa- Its upper surface, called the Dorsum , is free,
    ralias. flat, and divided into two portions by a median
    TITILLATIO , Gargale . furrow , Linea mediana ; at the posterior ex
    TITTHE, Nipple . tremity of which is the Foramen cæcum . The
    TITTHION , Nipple. inferior surface is free, and covered by the mu
    TITTHIS , Nipple . cous membrane on its anterior third and sides :
    TITTHOS, Mamma, Nipple . but behind and in the middle it is attached to
    TITUBANTIA , Bredouillement. the lower jaw , by means of the genio-glossus ;
    TITUBATIO , Fidgets. and to the hyoides by the hyoglossus. Its mar
    TOIDFLAX , Antirhinum linaria. gins are rounded ; thick behind, thinner an.
    TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum - 1. English, ieriorly. Its tip or point or dental extremity is
    Nicotiana rustica -- t. Indian, Lobelia inflata . rounded and free : -the root, base, or hyoid ex
    1
    !
    TONIC 696 TOOTHACHE

    tremity is continuous with the epiglottis and ' Almond of the ear, Almond of the throat, Tolu,
    velum palati . It is very thick at the foramen cæ- Tolles , Toles, Spongos, Pl. Anti'ades, (F.) Amyg .
    cum ; but thinneras it approaches the hyoid bone. dale, Tonsille . " An ovoid follicle , about half an
    The tongue is composed of muscles, and inch in length , similar in shape to an almond ,
    covered by a mucous inembrane - Periglottis, and situate , on each side , between the pillars
    Incolu'cruin linguæ , Membra'na seu Tu'nica of the velum palati . Their inner surface, pro
    vagina'lis seu Cutis, Epider'mis seu Tunica seu jecting into the isthmus of the throat , is covered
    Incolu'crum mucosum seu Crusta rillo'sa lingua by the mucous membrane, in which are the ori
    - which forms also the frænum beneath the fices of a dozen cells , whence a transparent,
    tongue. On this membrane are seen the dif- viscid mucus oozes on pressure . This mucus
    ferent papilla , (q . v .). The nerves of this organ is destined to facilitate deglutition , by lubricating
    proceed from the inferior marillary, glosso- the isthmus fauciuin ; and is forced out during
    pharyngeal, and hipoglossal. The first is per the passage of the alimentary bolus.
    haps connected with taste ; the two last with TONSIL LARUM GANGRENA , Cy
    the motions of the organ . Some recent obser- nanche maligna .
    vers, however, consider the glosso -pharyngeal TONSILLE, Tonsil.
    to be the special nerve of gustation . The arteries TONSILLITIS , Cynanche tonsillaris.
    are the lingual, from the externalcarotid ; and the TOOTH , Sax . Cob , Deus, Odous, (F.) Dent.
    palatine and tonsillar, from the labial . The veins The teeth are small, hard bones, fixed in the
    are the superficialis lingue , ranina, lingualis, alveoli of each jaw, and serving to lay hold of,
    and submentalis. They open into those of the and to cut, tear, and triturate alimentary sub
    pharynx and larynx. Iis lymphatic vessels stances. True teeth are found only in man,
    pass into ganglia, situate at the edge of the the mammalia , reptiles , and fish. The teeth
    hyoglossi muscles. have, in general, the shape of an irregular cone,
    TONGUE , HERNIA OF THE , Glossocele- t . In the base of which is towards the interior of the
    Aammation of the , Glossitis — t. Scraper, Cure- mouth ; and the apex, single or divided, to
    langue - t. Tie , see Ankyloglossum . wards the bottom of the alveoli . Each tooth has
    TONIC, Ton'icus. Relating to tone. a part situate out of the alveolus, and covered
    Tonic Power , Irritability. by a vitriform substance. This part is called
    Tonic Spasm, Spasmus tonicus, Conrulsio the crown or corona. It is bounded by a nar.
    tonica , Conductio, Spas'ticus, Tonos, Ento'nia, rower portion , called the cervit, (F.) collet,
    Enta'sia. A rigid contraction of muscles with which separates it from the portion in the al.
    out relaxation,as in trismus, tetanus, &c. See veolus-the fang or root, (F.) , racine. In the
    Tetanus and Spasm . adult, the teeth are 32 in number ; 16 to each
    In Therapeutics, Tonic, Ton'icus, Tono'ticus, jaw : these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 bicus
    (F.) Tonique, Fortifiunt, means a medicine, pidati, and 6 molares. ( See these various terms. )
    which has the power of exciting slowly and by The teeth enclose a vascular and nervous
    insensible degreesthe organic actions of the dif. pulp, in a central cavity, Cavitas Pulpe. They
    ferent systems of the animal economy, and of are formed of a very hard , compact tissue ; and
    augmenting their strength in a durable manner. the corona is covered by a vitreous substance
    Bitter, vegetable substances, which are not as- called Enamel, ( q . v . ) The incisor and canine
    sociated with an acrid or narcotic principle ; teeth are developed by a single point of ossifi.
    preparations of iron ; cold water, & c ., act as cation ; the lesser molares, by iwo ; and the
    tonics. They are also called Comfortan'tia, larger, by four or five. See Dentition.
    Corroboran'tia, Confirman'lia, Roboran'tia, &c. Recent researches by Retzius , Müller and
    The following are the chief Tonics. others, have shown that the ivory or bone of
    Acidum Arseniosum , Gentiana , the tooth consists of tubular fibres, which con
    Nitricun , Gentianina, tain organic deposits of calcareous salts ; and of
    Sulphuricum , Liriodendron , intertubular substance, in which are observed
    Argenti Nitras, Lupulina , corpuscles or osseous cells of the tooth , called
    Bismuthi Subnitras , Piperina ,
    Carbo Ligni, Prunus Virginiana , by Professor Owen , Calcigerous cells, which
    Cascarilla , Quassia , also contain earthy salts .
    Cinchona , Quinina, At the part where the enamel terminates at
    Cinchonina, Salix ,
    Colomba, Salicina, the cervix of the tooth , the crusta petrosa or
    Cornus Florida, Serpentaria, cortical substance commences in an extremely
    Cupri Acetas , Zinci præparata , thin stratum , passes down and gradually in.
    Sulphas, creases in thickness towards the extremity of
    Cuprum ammoniatum , Aquare minerales acidulae
    Cusparia , et ferruginese , the root where it is generally the thickest. It
    Eupatorium perfoliatum ,Mental Tonics,(Confidence, is said to have been traced on the enamel, and
    Ferii Præparata , Hope , Amusement.) |Purkinje and Fränkel found it lining the cavi .
    TONIC'ITY, Tonicitas, from toros, tone .' tas pulpæ . They gave it the name Substantia
    " tension .' The faculty that determines the ge- ostoidea.
    neral tone of the solids. Exceseive tonicity In the compound teeth of the herbivorous
    causes er ethism or crispness; deficient tonicity, animal, a deposition is found on the surface of
    atony and weakness. Tonicity has been used in the enainel, which has been called the cementum
    the same sense as irritability , or cement. Müller, however, regards it to be a
    Tonicity , Elasticity . deposit from the salts and the saliva, and 10 be
    TONIQUE , Tonic . essentially the same as what is called tartar in
    TONOS , Tonic spasm-t. Trismus, Trismus. the human subject.
    TONOTICUS . Tonic . TOOTHACHE , Odontalgia - t. Tree , Aralia
    TONSIL, Tonsilla, Amygdala, Paristh'mia , spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
    TOOTH EDGE 697 TRACHEA

    TOOTH EDGE, Agacement des Dents,Hæ-/ to hold it inclined to the side affected. It is,
    modia - t. Rash, Strophulus - t. Shell , dog -like , commonly , of short duration ; usually disap
    Dentalium . pearing in a few days. Rubefacients are the
    TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION , Tophus. best topicalapplications.
    TOPHUS, Tofus, Topha'ceous Concre'tion. TORTUE, Testudo.
    A collection of hard, calcareous matter , which TORTURA ORIS, Risus sardonicus, Tris
    forms, particularly, at the surface of joints af- mus .
    fected with gout ; and, occasionally, in the TOTA BONA , Chenopodium bonus Hen
    interior of organs, around the teeth , &c. It ricus.
    likewise meant gravel. TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas .
    TOPIC , Topicus. A local application. ( F.) TOUCH , Tuctus, Tactio, Hap'he, Hapsis , (F.)
    Topique . See Local . Toucher. One of the five senses, and that which
    TOPICUS, Local. makes known to us the palpable qualities of
    TOPINARIA , Talpa. bodies , such as their consistence, quality , &c.
    TOPIQUE , Topic . It is seated, particularly, in the hands; and
    TOR'CULAR , HEROPH'ILI, Lechenei'on, differs from tact ( q. v . ) in being active.
    Lenos . The Press of Heroph'ilus, Fourth Sinus. Touch, Royal . It was at one time uni.
    ( F.) Confluent des Sinus, Pressoir d'Hérophile. versally believed, in England, that the Royal
    A smooth and polished cavity, of irregular touch would remove the Scrofula or King's
    shape , in which several sinuses of the dura Evil, (as it was thence called.) This supersti
    mater meet. It is situate before the internal tion is now entirely exploded. Edward, the
    occipital protuberance,at the union of the three Confessor,was the first English king who touched
    great duplicatures of the dura mater . It has six for the Evil.
    openings into it : -- one above, that of the supe. TOUCHWOOD BOLETUS , Boletus ig
    rior longitudinalsinus :-two below , answering niarius .
    to the occipital sip uses : one anterior, belonging TOUCHER, Esaphe, Touch .
    to the straight sinus : and two lateral, and very TOUR DE MAITRE, Coup de maitre.
    broad , which lead into the lateral sinuses ; and TOURBILLON VASCULAIRE, Vasa va
    convey, from the cavity, the blood that has been sorum .
    poured into it by the others. TOURNESOL , Heliotropium Europæum .
    TORCULAR , Tourniquet . TOURNIOLE, Paronychia .
    TORDYL'IUM OFFICINA'LĒ, Ses'eli Cret '. TOUR'NIQUET, Tor'cular, Tornaculum ,
    icum , (F.) Séseli de Crète. Family, Umbelli- Fas'cia tor'tilis. A surgical instrument for
    feræ . Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The stopping the course of blood in the limbs, by
    seeds and roots of this Southern European exerting a strong compression upon the prin
    plant are considered carminative and diuretic. cipal artery: It was invented by a French sur
    They enter into the theriaca (q. v. ) geon, Morel, in the middle of the 17th century ;
    TORE'NIA ASIATICA, Cæla-dolo. A small and was modified, subsequently, by Nuck, Ver
    Malabar plant , the juice of whose leaves , sweet- duc , Monro, Petit, and Louis. It is used to sus
    ened with sugar , is said to cure gonorrhea . pend, for a time, the circulation in a limb, during
    TORMENTILLA, T. erecta , Common Tor- great operations; to arrest arterial hemorrhage
    men'til, Upright Septfoil, Heptaphyllum, Con- in cases of wounds; to compress certain aneu
    sol'ida
    ceæ .
    rubra, (F.) Tormentille. Family, Rosa- rismal and other tumours, & c.
    Sez. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The TOUTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea.
    root has a slightly aromatic odour a
    ; nd austere, TOUTE EPICE, see Myrtus Pimenta - t.
    styptic taste. It is astringent. Dose, of the Saine, Sanicula.
    powder, gr. x . to 3j. TOUX, Tussis—t. Bronchique, Bronchial
    TORMENTUM, Ileus. cough - t. Caverneuse,see Cavernous respiration
    TOR’MINA , Strophos, Calial' gia , Gripes, -t. Tubaire, Bronchial cough.
    Mulligrubs. (F. ) Tranchées. Acute colicky TOXICAL , Poisonous.
    pains. Dysentery , (q . v.) TOXICATIO , Poisoning.
    TORMINA Celsi, Dysentery. TOXICODENDRON , Rhus toxicodendron .
    TORNACULUM , Tourniquet. TOXICOHÆMIA , from Tošixov, ' a poison,'
    TOROS'ITAS, Corpulen'tiu carno'sa, Habilus and 'arpa, ' blood. ' Poisoning of the blood.
    athleticus
    . Muscular strength.
    TORPEDO, Narcosis. TOXICOL'OGY, Toxicold gia,from tožixov,
    TORPOR , Parap'sis etpers, ( F.) Engour- (itself from robov, ' a bow,') ' a poison,' and doyos,
    dissement. State of a part which becomes a description .'A treatise on poisons, ( q. v.)
    numb, and almost incapable of motion . It is TOXICUM , Poison, Venom .
    also applied to a debilitated, sluggish condition TRABECULA, Corpus callosum-t. Willisii,
    of a part or of the whole of the body. (F.) Acca- Chordæ Willisii.
    blement. TRABES CORDIS, Columnæ carneæ - t.
    Torpor , Narcosis. Medullaris, Corpus callosum.
    TORTELLE , Erysimum . TRABS , Penis.
    TORTICOL'LIS , Obstip'itas, Caput obsti’- TRACHE'A, (generally, however, accented
    pum , Obsti'pa cerviz, Collum obsti'pum , Wry- Tra'chea ,) Trache'a arteria, Bronchus, As pera
    Can
    neck ; from tor'queo, ' I twist,' and collum , the arteria , Fistula spirita'lis, T. pulmona'lis, from
    neck . ' Trachel'agra, Enta'sia Loria, Lorias, na; the Windpipe, (F.) Trachée artère,
    Cephalor'ia. A variety of rheumatism , seated Toayus, ' rough, and aptigia, artery, com .
    in the muscles of the neck , which prevents posed of are, air, and tiger, ' to keep .' The
    the motion of the head , and causes the patient trachea is a cylindrical, fibro-cartilaginous and
    88
    TRACHEAL 693 TRANSPLANTATIO
    membranous tube, flattened bebind , and situate TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS , Respiratory
    on the niedian line,before the vertebral column , tract.
    from the inferior part of the larynx, as far as TRAGACANTHA, Gummi Tragacan'tha, G.
    the third dorsal vertebra . There it divides into Astrag'ali Tragacanthe, Gum Tragacanth , Gum
    lwo branches,the bronchi, which separate to go Dragon ; the gum of the Astrugalus Traga
    to each lung, (q.v.) cantha or Astragalus vcrus, a native of Persia,
    The trachea, the function of which is to con- | Family, Leguminosa . Sex . Syst. Diadelphia
    vey air to the lungs during respiration , is com- Decandria. ( F. ) Gomme Adragant. This gum
    posed , 1. Of cartilaginous rings, incomplete is inodorous; nearly insipid ; of a whitish co
    behind, situate one above the other, and kept lour ; semi-transparent, and striated . It is in
    in sitû by a fibrous membrane. 2. Ofa mucous thin , vermiform pieces ; and does not form a
    membrane, which lines it internally,and con- smooth, uniform mucilage with water. It is
    tains numerous mucous follicles. 3. Of trans- demulcent, butis rarely used alone.
    verse muscular fibres , not well marked , which TRA'GEA , Trage'ma. • Dessert.' An aro
    occupy its posterior surface. 4. Of vessels, matic, powdered with sugar , and used as a car
    which proceed from the superior and inferior minative . - Galen.
    thyroideal ; and , 5. Of nerves, that are given off TRAGEA AROMATICA , Pulvis cinnamomi com .
    by the pneumogastric and the cervical ganglia. positus.
    TRACHEA ARTERIA, Trachea . TRAGEMA, Tragea.
    TRACHEAL , Trachea'lis. An epithet ap- TRA G'ICUS, Tragien , (Ch.) A small ,
    plied to the respiration as heard through the Aat, triangular muscle , which almost wholly
    stethoscope opposite the trachea, larynx, and covers the outer surface of the tragus, arising
    root of the bronchi; the air appearing as if from its base , and terminating at the top of the
    sucked in from the cylinder during inspiration, eminence.
    and expelled again during
    expiration . TRAGIEN , Tragicus.
    TRACHEE ARTERE , Trachea. TRAGOPOʻGON, from tpayos , ' a goat,' and
    TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis. torywr', ' beard . A genus of plants ; Family,
    TRACHELAGRĂ , Torticollis . Cichoraceæ . Ser . Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia
    TRACHELIAN , Cervical. Æqualis. ( F.) Barbe de Bouc ; of which the
    TRACHELITIS , Cynanche trachealis. roots of the Tragopogon porrifo'lium or Sal'
    TRACHÉLO-ATLOIDO -OCCIPITAL, Ob- sifi, and the young shoots of the T. praten'sē ,
    liquus superior capitis - t. Atloido -basilaire, Rec- Meadow Salsifi, or Common Goat's Beard, ( F.)
    tus capitis lateralis -- t. Basilaire, Rectus capitis Salsifis des prés, are eaten as food. The root of
    internus major-- . Basilaire, petit, Rectus ca- the latter has been used as a diuretic.
    pitis internus minor. TRAGOSELINUM , Pimpinella saxifraga
    TRACHE'LO -DIAPHRAGMATIC , Tra- t. Majus , Pimpinella magna.
    chelo -diaphragmaticus. The 4th pair of cervical TŘ AGUS, Tpayos ; a goat ;' Antilo'bium ;
    nerves, whence the phrenic nerve chiefly arises . Hircus. A small , Hattened, triangular nipple,
    - Chaussier. situate before the meatus auditorius externus,
    TRACHÉLO -MASTOIDIEN ,Complexus mi- which it appears to conceal . It is covered with
    nor-t. Occipital, Complexus - i. Phyma, Bron- hair in old people ,whence its name.
    chocele — t. Scapulaire, Levator scapule . Tragus Matthioli, Salsola kali.
    TRACHELOS, Collum . TRAINASSE , Polygonum aviculare.
    TRACHITIS , Cynanche trachealis .
    TRACHO'MA , Aspre'do, from toayus, TRAMIS , Perinæum.
    " rough .' (F.) Asperité des Paupières. A rough TRANCE , Catalepsy, Ecstasis.
    ness of the inner surface of the eyelids. A va TRANCHÉES, Tormina-t. Utérines, Pains,
    riety of ophthalmia, of which three kinds have after.
    been designated :-T. sabulo'sum, from sand , &c . TRANSFORMATIONS DE TISSU , (F. )
    getting between the eyelids; T.carunculo'sum , The French pathologists designate thus the
    from Heshy excrescences; and T. herpet'icum , change that occurs in an organ, the tissue of
    froin hard pustules on the inner surface of the which becomes similar to that of another organ.
    eyelids. This last is also called Ficosis and The chieftransformations are cartilaginous, os
    Palpebra ficosa. seous, and adipous. See Tissue .
    TRACÅOMATICON , TOA YWuatizov. A col- TRANSFUSION, Transfusio, Transfusio
    lyrium for removing roughness of the inner sur. San'guinis, Cura Medea'na, Methamachym'ia,
    face of the eyelids.—Galen . Transplanta'tio Medica nora, Chirur' gia trans
    TRACTORATION, Perkinism, see Tractors, fusoʻria, Exotichæmato'sis, from transfun'dere,
    metallic. to pour from one vessel into another. ' The
    TRACTORS, METALLIC . Metallic agents, act of passing the blood of one animal into the
    introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins , of Connecti- veins of another ; an operation , which was
    cut , about the end of the last century , to cure formerly used to fulfil various therapeutical
    ! diseases. The parts were rubbed with these intentions. It has been revived in cases of
    tractors, and hundreds of thousands of cases uterine hemorrhage ; and , apparently, with
    were reported to have been cured by the trac- some success .
    lora'tion . The affections, in which they were The operation can only be performed safely
    chiefly used, were local inflammations, and on animals having like kinds of blood . See
    pains in different parts. The good effects were , Globule .
    doubtless, owing to the influence exerted by the TRANSLATION , Metastasis .
    mind over the body. The bubble did not exist TRANSPLANTA'TIO , Metaphyteia. A pre
    long. See Perkinism . tended method of curing diseases, devised by
    TRANSPIRATIO 699 TRAPA NATANS

    Paracelsus - by'making them pass from one in- part of the sacrum to the second cervical ver
    dividual to another, either animal or vegetable. tebra. It is thicker in the neck and loins than
    TRANSPLANTATIO, Morioplastice - t. Medica in the back and behind the sacrum. Its use is
    nova , Transfusion . —to straighten the vertebral column, and to
    TRANSPIRATIO , Perspiration . impress upon it a slight rotary motion .
    TRANSPORT, Delirium . TRANSVERSALIS NASI , Compressor naris .
    TRANSPOSITIO , Metathesis. TRANSVERSE, Transversus, Transcersa'
    TRANSPOSI" TION , Transpositio, Metath'. lis. That which runs across : also, that which
    esis. Change of situation . relates to the transverse processes of the ver
    TRANSPOSITION OF THE Viscera , Polyperia tebræ.
    promis'cuo translati'da, is a congenital vice of The TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF THE VER' .
    conformation, which consists in the viscera TEBRÆ , ( F.) Apophyses transverses des vertèbres,
    being found out of the situations they ordinarily are the bony eminences that jut out trans
    occupy : the heart, for example, being on the versely from the sides of the vertebræ .
    right side ; the liver on the left, & c. The TRANSVERSE SUTURE , Sulu'ra transver.
    TRANSUDATIO , Diapedesis. salis, runs across the face , and sinks into the
    TRANSUDATION, Transudatio, from trans, orbits ; joining the bones of the skull to those
    through ,' and sudo,' Í sweat.' The passage of of the face, but with so many irregularities and
    a fluid through the tissue of any organ, which as
    interruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised
    may collect in small drops on the opposite sur asuture .
    face, or evaporate from it. The TRANSVERSE ARTERY OF THE FACE arises
    TRANSUDATION, Exosmose. from the temporal ; passes transversely across
    TRANSVERSAIRE ÉPINEUX, " ransver- the face , in front of the condyle of the lower
    salis dorsi- 1.Épineur du cou , Semispinalis colli jaw , and gives its branches to the different
    -t. Grêle, see Sacro -lumbalis --t. Épineux du dos, muscles of the cheek .
    Semispinatus dorsi . The TRANSVERSE PERINEAL ARTERY , Ure.
    TRANSVERSAL DE LA CONQUE , Trans. thro-bullar (Ch .,) is given off from the upper
    versalis auris-t. du Nez , Compressor nasi . branch of the internal pudic ; and passes in
    TRANSVERSALIS ABDOMINIS, Lombo- wards and forwards above the transversus pe.
    abdominal, (Ch .) (F. ) Transverse de l'Abdomen. rinæi muscle, as far as the bulb of the urethra,
    This muscle is seated , deeply , on the lateral into which it dips ; -subdividing into nume
    parts of the abdomen. It is flat, thin , and rous branches.
    broader before than behind . It is attached, TRANSVERSE DE L'ABDOMEN , Trans
    above, to the cartilage of the last true rib , and versalis abdominis - t.de l'Oricule , Transversus
    to those of every false rib ; and , below , to the auris -t . du Perinée , Transversus perinæi.
    inner lip of the crista of the ilium ; to the two TRANSVERSO.SPINAL,Semi-spinalis colli,
    outer thirds of the crural arch , and to the upper Semi-spinalis dorsi - t. Spinalis, Transversalis
    part of the pubis .' Its fibres , moreover, are in dorsi — I. Spinalis colli , Semi-spinalis colli- t.
    serted , behind, by means of broad aponeuroses, Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi .
    into the top of the transverse and spinous pro- The TRANSVERSUS Auris MUSCLE , Trans.
    cesses of the four first lumbar vertebræ ; and , verse de l'Oricule (Ch. , ) (F.) Transversal de la
    before, into the linea alba, and the ensiform Conque, is often wanting. It is formed of some
    cartilage. This muscle , all of whose fibres have transverse fibres, situate transversely , behind
    a transverse direction, constricis the belly, and the projection of the helix which divides the
    diminishes the base of the chest, by drawing in- concha into two portions .
    wards the ribs to which it is attached . The 'TRANSVERSUS Periswi, Lera'tor Ani par.
    TRANSVERSALIS ANTICUS Primus, Rectus ca- rus , Ischio -perineal (Ch .,) ( F.) Transverse du
    pitis lateralis
    lumbalis . — t. Collateralis colli, see Sacro. Perinée, is placed at the posterior part of the
    perinæum . It is thin , triangular, and situate
    TRANSVERSA'lis Colli, Transversalis major iransversely. Its external extremity is attached
    colli, Portion of the Sacro-spinal, (Ch .) (F.) to the ramus and tuberosity of the ischium :
    Transversaire. A muscle , seated at the pos- its inner extremity is confounded with its fel.
    terior and lateral part of the neck and upper low of the opposite side, and with the anterior
    part of the back . It is attached to the trans. part of the sphincter ani and posterior part of
    verse processes of the 5 or 6 lowest vertebræ of the bulbo.cavernosus. The use of this muscle
    the neck ; and to those of the 4 or 5 first dorsal . is, —to compress the urethra, and to support the
    It extends the vertebræ of the neck , and in- rectum and bladder. To a fasciculus of this
    clines them to its side. muscle Santorini has given the name, Ure'thre
    TRANSVENSalis Colli , Semi-spinalis colli. Eleva'lor seu Ejacula'tor.
    TRANSVERSALIS Dorsi , Transverso -spinalis, TRANSVERSUS Perint ' Alter, Prostat'icus
    Multifidus Spine, Lumbo-cervical portion of the inferior. A small muscle which occasionally
    Spinal, (Ch . ) ( Transverso-spinalis Lumbo'rum , accompanies the last.
    Transverso-spinalis Dorsi, Transverso -spinalis TRAPA NATANS, (F.) Macre flottante,Noir
    Colli,) Mus'culus sacer, Spinales et transversales d'Eau, Chataigne d'Eau. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria
    lumborum, Semi-spinalis internus, sire trans. Monogynia. The plantwhich affordsthe Nuces
    verso-spinalis colli pars interna, (Winslow ,) Aquat'icæ, Trib'uli aquatici, Caltrops. The nut
    Lombo -dorsi-spin ', & c. ( F. ) Transversaire is considered nutrient and demulcent, and is
    épineur. This muscle , usually called by Eng. said to be useful in diarrhæa from abrasion of
    lish anatomists, Multifidus spine ,and including the bowels , and in calculus . A poultice is
    all the transverso-spinales, is situate in the ver. sometimes made of it to discuss hard and indo.
    tebral gutters , and extends from the posterior lent tumours.
    TRAPÈZE 700 TRIANGULAR
    TRAPEZE, Trapezius. It depends, generally, upon debility of the mos.
    TRAPEZIUM , OS. So called from its shape. cular, or of the nervous system ; and, hence, is
    Os multan'gulum majus. The first bone of the observed in convalescence, and in typhoid af.
    second row of the carpus. It is articulated, fections. It occurs, also , in old people ; in hard
    above, with the scaphoides; below , with the drinkers; workers in mercury, lead, & c.;in the
    first bone of the metacarpus; within, with the last case, it is called by the French, Tremble a

    trapezoides, and second inetacarpal bone. An- ment métallique. Tremor seems to resemble
    teriorly, posteriorly, and externally , it gives paralysis more than convulsion.
    attachment to ligaments . TREPAN , Trepanum , Terebella , Tripanon , 0

    TRAPEZIUS, Cuculla’ris, Dorso-susacro- Chæn'icis, Chanicion, Ter'ebra, Ter'etron, Try '


    mien (Ch.,) (F.) Trapèze, Capuchon. A mus- panon, from tpunaw, ' I perforate.' A surgical
    cle, seated at the posterior part of the neck and instrument resembling a wimble and worked in 2
    shoulder, and at the upper part of the back. It the same manner. It is used for removing por 2
    has the shape of a trapezium ; is attached , on tions of bone, and particularly of the bones of
    the one hand, to the inner third of the upper the skull. The term , trepan, is given more par
    curved line of the occipital bone : to the pos- ticularly to the partof the instrument that makes ci

    terior cervical ligament;to the spinous pro- the perforation . The handle is so constructed
    cess of the 7th cervical vertebræ ; and to as to receive differentbits, as the Crown , (q . v ..)
    b
    those of all the dorsal vertebræ ; and, on the the Trépan perforatif or Perite'rion , the T. ez
    foliatif or Desquamato'rum trep'anum , and the T.
    other hand, to the spine of the scapula; the abaptis'ta.
    acromion and the outer third of the posterior
    margin of the clavicle. Its upper fibres are In Great Britain and the United States, this
    situate obliquely downwards and outwards ; instrument has been superseded by the trephine,
    the transverse and inferior, obliquely outwards which is more manageable.
    and inwards . This muscle elevates the shoul- TREPANATIO , 'Trepanning. P
    der ; carries it backwards , or depresses it , ac- TRÉPANATION , Trepanning.
    cording as its upper, middle, or lower fibres TREPAN'NING , Terebra'tio , Anatre'sis, Ce.
    contract separately. It straightens the head, phalotrype'sis, Trepana'lio, Trype'sis, Tresis, 21

    also , and inclines it to one side . ( F. ) Trépanation. The methodical application


    TRAPEZOID LIGAMENT . The anterior of the trepan.
    part of the coraco.clavicular ligament, ( q. v .) It
    TREPANON , Trepan .
    is a very strong , fibrous fasciculus, which TREPANUM , Trepan. el
    has the shape of a trapezium , and is situate TREPHINE. The instrument which has
    obliquely , between the acromion process and replaced the trepan in some countries. It con
    clavicle . sists of a simple , cylindrical saw ; with a handle li
    TRAPEZOI'DES, 08, Os multan'gulum placed transversely like that of a gimlet , and
    minus, Os pyramida'le Carpi. The second from the centre of the circle, described by the
    bone of the second row of the carpus , so called teeth of the saw , a sharp little perforator pro D
    from its shape. It is smaller than the trape- jects called the Centrepin. This centrepin is
    zium , on the inside of which it is situate.' It capable of being removed, at the surgeon's op 10
    is articulated, above, with the os naviculare ; tion , by means of a key for the purpose. It is
    below , with the second metacarpal bone ; on used to fix the instrument until the teeth of the
    the outside, with the trapezium ; and inter- saw have made a circular groove, sufficiently 0
    nally , with the magnum . “ Anteriorly and pos- deep for it to work steadily. The pin must 6
    teriorly, it affords attachment to ligaments. then be removed . Sometimes the pin is made
    TRÁULISMUS , See Balbuties and Blæsitas. to slide up and down , and to be fixed in any
    TRAULOTES. See Bluesitas. position , by means of a screw.
    TRAUMA, Wound . TREPHOUSA, Nurse. P
    TRAUMATIC , Traumaticus, Vulnera'rius; TREPIDATIO , Tremor — t. Cordis , Cardio
    from tpavua, ' a wound . ' Any thing relating tromus . 1
    to a wound. TREPON’DO. A weight of three pounds.
    TRAUMATICUS, Abstergent. Scribonius.
    TRAVAIL D'ENFANT, Parturition . TRESIS, TOMOIS. A wound. Forcible solu
    TRAVELLER'S JOY , Clematis vitalba. tion of continuity in a soft part, commencing
    TREACLE, Melasses, Theriaca--t. English , externally . A genus in the nosology of
    Teucrium chamædrys - i. Venice, Theriaca. Good . 1
    TREAD, Cicatricula-t. of the Cock, Mole. Tresis , Trepanning, Wound - t. Causis, Burn a
    cule. --t. Punctura , Puncture - t. Vulnus, Wound
    TREE OF LIFE , Thuya occidentalis. t. Vulnus laceratum , see Laceration -- t. Vulnus
    TRÈFLE D'EAU, Menyanthes trifoliata. simplex, Cut.
    TREFOIL , BEAN , SPINKING , Anagyris TRESSAILLEMENT, Shuddering,
    -t. Water, Trifolium fibrinum . TRESSO’RIA . Episi'on. A term formerly 1
    TREMA, Foramen . applied to the hair covering the mons veneris,
    TREMBLEMENT, Tremor-t. Métallique, the absence of which has ,by the vulgar, been
    see Tremor. esteemed a matter of reproach.
    TREMBLES, Milk - sickness . TRI, Toi , in composition, ' three .' Hence :
    TREMBLING , Tremor. TRIANGLE MÈDULLAIRE, Fornix .
    TREMOR, Trepida'tio, Syn'clonus Tremor, TRIANGULAR , Trigo'nos, Triangula'ris .
    Troinus, Trembling, ( F.) Tremblement. Invo- That which has three angles.
    luntary agitation of the body or of some part of TRIANGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris—t . Coc
    it, without any obstacle to voluntary motion. cygis, Coccygeus - . Nasi , Compressor nariş.
    TRIBADE 701 TRICUSPID

    The ÎNFRA-PUBIAN OG TRIANGULAR LIGAMENT | hind the flat tendon of the latissimus dorsi.
    is a ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate These three portions unite about the middle of
    transversely beneath the symphysis pubis, which the arm , so as to form one thick and powerful
    it strengthens. muscle, which is inserted at the upper part of
    The TRIANGULARIS STERNI muscle, Sterno. the olecranon. It extends the forearm on the
    costal (Ch . ,) Pectora'lis inter'nus, is situate at arm, and conversely .
    the anterior and inner parts of the chest, be- TRICEPS MAGNUS , Adductor magnus - t. Mi
    bind the cartilages of the ribs . It has the shape nor, Adductor longus femoris — t . Secundus,
    of a lengthened triangle, the base of which is Adductor brevis.
    directed downwards . It is attached to the pos- TRICHÆ INCUBORUM, Plica.
    terior, lateral , and inferior part of the sternum , TRICHIA , Entropion .
    whence its fibres pass upwards and outwards, TRICHIASIS, Trichio'sis, Tricho'sis, from
    and terminate by as many distinct digitations 9015 , hair, ' Morbus pila'ris. This name has
    at the cartilages of the 3d , 4th , 5th , and 6th been given to several affections. 1. To a dis
    true ribs. This muscle depresses the ribs and ease of the kidneys or bladder, in which fila
    contributes to expiration. mentous substances, resembling hairs, are passed
    TRIBADE (F ) teßaş, from tpißo, ' I rub.' in the urine. This is also called Pilimid'lio. It
    A female whose clitoris is so large as to cause must be regarded as a variety of Catar'rhus
    her to be regarded as an hermaphrodite. vesi'ca , ( q . v. ) 2. To a painful swelling of the
    TRIBULI AQUATICI. See Trapa natans. breasts, in childbed women , when the milk is
    TRIBUTUM LUNARE , Menses. excreted with difficulty :-a disease attributed,
    TRICAGO, Teucrium chamædrys. by Aristotle , to a hair swallowed by accident
    TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris . and carried to the breasts through the circula
    TRICEPS , from tris for tres, ' three,' and ca- tion ; and 3dly , To inversion of the eyelashes.
    put, a head. A name given to muscles that have See Entropion .
    three fleshy bundles at one of their extremities. TRICHİNA SPIRALIS. Same etymon . A
    Triceps ADDUCTOR FEM'ORIS. Under this small species of entozoa discovered in the
    appellation are comprehended three distinct muscles of voluntary motion. They consist of
    muscles :-Adductor brevis, A. longus, and A. very minute cysts, of an oblong figure having
    magnus , (q. v. ) considerable resemblance in size and colour to
    TRICEPS Auris , Retrahcns auris-t. Bra- young pediculi, and are somewhat allied to the
    chialis, T. extensor cubiti . eels found in paste and vinegar. No symptoms
    The TRICEPS Cruris, Trifémoro -rotulien have as yet been observed to be pathognomonic
    ( Ch .,) Crural , Trifémoro-tibi-rotulien , Femora'- of their presence.
    lis, (F. ) Triceps crural, T. de la cuisse, is situate TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis .
    at the anterior, inner, and outer part of the TRICHIS'MÚS . Same etymon . Capilla'tio ,
    thigh. It is formed of three bundles at its su- Fissu'ra pila'ris. A capillary fracture , fissure,
    perior extremity, viz . 1. A middle fasciculus or crack .
    (the crura'lis of most anatomists.) 2. An ex- TRICHOLABIUM , Madisterium .
    ternal fasciculus ( the vastus externus) and 3 . TRICHOLOGIA , Carphologia .
    An inner fasciculus ( the vastus internus. ) It TRICHOMA. Capillamentum , Flica.
    is attached , above, to the anterior , inner, and TRICHOMANES, Aspleniuin trichoma.
    outer surfaces of the femur, and to the two noides.
    edges of the linea aspera , from the base of the TRICHOMATION, Capillamentum.
    trochanter to within four fingers ' breadth of the TRICHOSCHISIS , Schizatrichia.
    knee . Below , it terminates by a large tendon , TRICHO'SIS, Pila'rē malum ; same etymon .
    which is attached to the base and edges of the Morbid organization or deficiency of hair. A
    patella , as well as to the inner and outer tube. genus in the system of Good.
    rosities of the tibia . The triceps extends the Trichosis, Entropion, Trichiasis - t. Area,
    leg on the thigh, and vice versa. Porrigo decalvans-t. Athrix, Alopecia - t. Dis
    TRICEPS DE LA CUISSE , T. cruris — 1.trix, Distrix - t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties — t. Plica ,
    Crural, T. cruris . Plica - t. Poliosis , Poliosis-t. Setosa, Hystri
    TRICEPS EXTENSOR Cobiti , Triceps Brachia'- ciasis.
    lis, Scapulo -huméro-olecranien (Ch .,) ( F.) Tri- TRICHOTON , Scalp.
    ceps brachial. This muscle , which occupies all TRICHURIS , Tricocephalus.
    the posterior part of the os humeri, is described TRICOCEPH'ALUS, Tricoceph'alus dispar;
    as two muscles by Douglas, and as three by from 9015, ' a hair,' and zeqain , head. ' Tri
    Winslow . chu'ris, Trichuris vulgaris, Trichuris intestina '.
    It arises by three heads. The first or long lis, As'caris trichu'ria, Tricocephalus hom'inis,
    head ,-long head of the biceps externus of Mastigo'des hominis, long thread worm . A
    Douglas, Anconeus major of Winslow - arises worm , from an inch and a half to two inches
    from the anterior extremity of the inferior costa long; the head acute ; the body spirally invo
    of the scapula , near its neck , and below the luted in the male, almost straight in the female.
    origin of the teres minor. The second head ,or The tricocephalus dispar generally inhabits the
    short head of the biceps externus of Douglas, cæcum and colon , and is rarely met with in the
    Anconcus externus of Winslow , arises from the small intestines. It gives rise to no peculiar
    upper and ouler part of the os humeri, at the symptoms, and requires the usual anthelinintic
    base of the great tuberosity ; and the third treatment.
    head- Brachiulis externus of Douglas, Anconeus TRICUSPID , Tricus'pis , from tris, for tres,
    internus of Winslow , the shortest of the three , three ,' and cuspis , ' a point. ' That which has
    arises from the back part of the os humeri, be three points.
    TRIENS 702 TRISPLANCHNIC

    'The TRICUSPID Valves, Valoulæ Tricus'. nerves, whilst the remaining part ofthe third uc
    th
    pides seu triglochines seu trisulca , are three tri- the manducatory or masticatory — is wholly mo
    th
    angular, valvular duplicatures, formed by the tiferous, and passes to the pterygoid and other
    inner membrane of the right cavities of the muscles concerned in mastication .
    heart , around the orifice by which the auricle ba
    TRIGONE CÉRÉBRAL, Fornix— . Vésical,
    communicates with the ventricle . The elon see Urinary Bladder. 8

    gated and pointed top of each of these valves TRIGONEL'LA F @ NUM , Fæ'nugreek , ed

    is continuous with the chordæ tendineæ , which Fænum Græcum , Bu'ceras, Carphos, Ægoc''eras. si

    set out from the columnæ carneæ of the heart. (F.) Fénugrec. Family, Leguminose. Sel.
    These valves are depressed to allow the blood Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. A native of the
    to flow from the auricle into the ventricle ; and south of France. The seeds have a strong, ot

    are raised to prevent its reflux into the auricle, disagreer ble smell, and an unctuous, farina
    TRIENS, Un'cia qua'tuor. The third part of ceous taste ; accompanied by a slight bitter 31
    a pound. Four ounces, Troy .-- Galen. ness. They are chiefly used in poultices.
    TRIFACIAL, Trigemini. TRIGONOS, Triangular.
    TRIFEMORO ROTULIEN, Triceps cruris. TRIGONUS LIEUTAUDI. See Urinary SC
    TRIFÉMORO - TIBI-ROTULIEN , Triceps bladder.
    cruris .
    TRIFOLIUM ACETOSUM , Oxalis aceto andTRIOR'CHIS, TOLOQX15, from tpets, three,'
    op715 , ' a testicle .' One who has three of

    sella -- t. Aquaticum , Menyanthes trifoliata - t. testicles .


    Aureum , Hepatica triloba - t. Cervinum , Eupa TRIOS'TEUM PERFOLIA'TUM . Bastard do

    torium cannabinum - t. Fibrinum , Menyanthes Ipecacuan'ha, Fever Root. In very large doses, 4
    trifoliata - t. Hepaticum , Anemone hepatica . the bark of the root proves emetic. It is a good
    Trifo'liUM MELIL O'TUS OFFICIN A'lis, cathartic, in doses of twenty or thirty grains.

    IT
    Melilotus, Lotus sylves'tris , Ser'tula Compa'na, It sometimes operates as a diuretic .
    Trifolium caballi'num , Coro'na regia , Tri- TRIPHARMACUM , TO Papuarov . A me
    folium odora'tum , Common melilot, (F.) Me- dicine composed of three ingredients. D
    lilot .Family , Leguminose. Ser . Syst . Dia TRIPSIS, Trituration.
    delphia Decandria . The infusion or distilled TRIQUETRUM , (OS ) Cuneiform , ( bone.) CE
    water of this plant has been employed in cases TRISMUS, from toitu, I gnash .' Enta
    'sia
    of ophthalmia . It has also been used in fo- Trismus, Capistrum , Tonos Trismus, Locked
    mentations , glysters , &c. Jaw , Spasmus marillæ inferioris, Tet'anus mar
    Trifolium PALUDOsum, Menyanthes trifoli- illæ inferio'ris, Tortu'ra Oris, (F.) Mal de Ma fe
    ata-t. Palustre , Menyanthes trifoliata . choire. Spastic closure of the under jaw ; a $
    TRIGAS'TRIC , Trigas'tricus, Triven'ter ; partial tetanus. Cullen makes two varieties-
    from 70£ ls , three ,' and yaorie, belly .' That T. nascentium , Sarrele, attacking infants during ti
    which has three bellies. An epithet for mus: two weeks from birth ; and T. Traumaticus, ori
    cles so circumstanced . ginating from a wound .
    TRIGEM'INI, from tris, ' three,' and gem '. Trismus CAPISTRATUS, Brédissure-t. Catar
    inus, double ;' threefold ,' ' triplets .' The rhalis maxillaris, Neuralgia maxillaris -- t. Clo 1
    fifth pair of nerves, Par trigem'inum , Nervi di. nicus, Neuralgia faciei-i. Dolorificus, Neural 1
    vi'si, 'N. gustato'rii, Nervus quintus,Par quin: gia faciei - t.Maxilla ris, Neuralgia faciei. a
    tum nerrorum cerebra'lium , N. tre'mellus, N. TRIS PE R'M UM , 2010 Tequor, from Toris,
    mixtus, N. sympatheticus medius, N. sympathi. three,' and qua,' a grain or seed.' A cata 1
    cus medius, N. anon'ymus, N. innomina'lus, plasm , consisting of three seeds, -cumin , bay,
    Par trium funiculorum , Trifa'cial, Nerf gusta- and smallage.-- Gorræus. &
    tif, innominé , Nerf à trois cordes, (F.) Nerfs tri- TRISPLANCHNIA , Cholera .
    jumeaut. This nerve arises below the tuber TRISPLANCH'NIC, Trisplanch'nicus; from 1

    annulare by one large posterior root from the Tous , three ,' and orayxvov , " viscus.' That
    corpora restiformia , and by two small anterior which relates to three orders of viscera.
    roois from the corpora olivaria , whence, pro- The TrispLANCHNIC NERVE , Great sympa.
    ceeding forwards to the side of the sella tur- thetic, Intercos'tal, Ganglion'ic nerve, Nerve of or
    cica, the filaments composing the large root gan'ic life, Ver'tebral nerve :-named by Bichat 3
    form a ganglion - the Gasserian . Emerging the organic nervous system, in opposition to the 1

    from this ganglion, the filaments, of which the other nervous parts , called the animal nervous
    large root consists,form , with those constituting system . Gull terms it, the nervous system of the
    the small roots, and which had not passed automatic functions. It is called Trisplanchnic,
    through the ganglion , two flattened trunks , because it distributes its branches to the organs
    each of which 18 soon divided into three in the three great splanchnic cavities — the head,
    branches , in such a manner , however, that the chest , and abdomen . It is composed of a series of
    first, or ophthalmic branch , and the second or ganglia, united by intermediate branches, and
    upper maxillary, are composed exclusively of passing along the side of the spine to the lowest
    the filaments that arose from the corpora resti- part of the trunk ; communicating, by a branch ,
    formia and passed through the Gasserian gang, with each of the thirty pairs of spinal nerves
    lion ; whilst the third or lower maxillary branch and several of the cerebral nerves; and de.
    is composed in part of those filaments, and in taching nerves from its several ganglia , which
    part of those that arose from the corpora oli varia, accompany the arteries, and are distributed ,
    and passed on one side of the ganglion without particularly , to the organs of involuntary func
    going through it. tions. At its upper part it is concealed in the
    The whole, therefore , of the first and second canalis caroticus and cavernous sinus, and is
    branches and a part of the third are sensiferous joined there by a branch of the 6th pair of
    1
    TRISSAGO 703 TROCHISCUS

    ' nerves and by a twig from the Vidian nerve of A trocar consists of a perforator or stilet and
    the 5th pair. In passing down by the side of of a cannula, which is so adapted to the per
    the spine, it forms three ganglia in the neck :- forator, that, when the puncture is made, both
    - the superior, middle, and inferior; 12 in the enter the wound with facility ; after which , the
    back ,-the thoracic; 5 in the loins — the lumbar; stilet being withdrawn, the cannula remains in
    and three or four sacral. When it reaches the the wound and affords the fluid a ready passage
    coccyx it unites with its fellow from the oppo . outwards.
    site side, forming a small ganglion — the coccy. TROCART, Trocar .
    geal." Meckel divides it into two portions - 1. TROCH , Trochiscos.
    The central ganglions or central part, composed TROCHAN'TER , Trokanter, Rota'lor, from
    of the numerous ganglionic plexuses in the ab- T90200 , " I turn .' Anatomists have given the
    domen ; the centre of which is the semilu'nar names -- great and little trochanter to two pro
    and solar plexuses. 2. The external ganglions, cesses at the upper extremity of the femur.
    Limitrophes or externalpuri, which comprise the The great trochanter is the one on the outside ;
    series of ganglions , situate at the sides of the the less is lower down and more internally .
    spine ,from the base of thecranium to the sacrum . Both afford attachment to rotator muscles of
    The great sympathetic seems to form a dis- the thigh, and hence their name . Chaussier,
    tinct nervous system , destined for the organs by the word trochanter ,means the larger pro.
    of involuntary motion ; for, although commnu cess ; the smallerhe calls trochantin.
    nicating with both brain and spinal marrow , it TROCHANTE'RIAN , Trochanteria'nus, Tro.
    does not seem to be immediately under the in- kante'rian . That which belongs or relates to
    fluence of either . the great trochanter . - Chaussier.
    TRISSAGO , Teucrium chamædrys - t. Palus- TROCHANTINIAN , Trokantin'ian, Tro
    tris , Teucrium scordium . chantinia'nus. That which belongs or relates
    TRISTEMANIA , Melancholy . to the trochantin or lesser trochanter.
    TRISTERNAL . Béciard has given this TROCHES OF CARBONATE OF LIME ,
    name to the third bony portion of the sternum ; Trochisci carbonatis calcis - t. Escharotic, 'Tro
    —that which corresponds to the third inter- chisci escharotici —t. Gum , Trochisci gummosi
    costal space . -t. Liquorice , Trochisci glycyrrhize-t. Li
    TRISTIA , Athymia . quorice , with opium , Trochisci glycyrrhizæ
    TRITÆOPH'YES, Tritæoph'ya, from cum opio - t.Nitre , Trochisci nitratis potassæ .
    TOITalos , tertian ,' and quo, ' I originate .' A TROCHIA , Orbit.
    fever, whose type approaches the tertian . TROCHILIA , Trochlea .
    Sauvages gave the name Tritæophya Vratis. TROCHIN , from Toomelv, ' to turn .' Chaus
    laviensis to an epidemic, which broke out in sier has given this name to the smaller of the
    the Prussian army at Breslaw , in the middle of tuberosities , at the upper extremity of the os
    the last century. humeri ; because it gives attachment to one of
    TRIT.EUS , Tertian fever. the rotator muscles of the arm ,-the subscapu
    TRITICUM ÆSTI'VUM , TRITICUM laris .
    HYBER’NUM , Wheat, Pyros, Frumentum , ( F.) TROCHINIAN , Trochinia'nus. That which
    Froment. Family, Gramineæ . Ser . Syst. Tri. belongs or relates to the trochin.
    andria Digynia. From these plants our wheaten TROCHIS'CUS, Phthois, Arlis'cus, Collit,
    flour is obtained, by grinding the seeds; and to Colix , Phthois'cos, Rot'ula , Cyclis'mos, diminu.
    them we are indebied for our bread and pastry . tive of thoxos, a wheel .' A troch or ' round
    The nutritive properties of wheaten flour are tablet, ( F ) Trochisque. See Pastil and Tabella.
    so well known as not to need comment. A solid medicine, prepared of powders , incor.
    Bread , ( F.) Pain , mixed with milk , consti- porated by means of mucilage, crumb of bread ,
    tutes the ordinary emollient poultice ;-and the juices of plants, & c. In French nomenclature
    crumbs of bread, Micæ panis-are a common --the troch sque differs from the tablette, -- the
    excipient for pills and boluses. former containing no sugar . This form of pre
    TRITICUM FAGINUM, Polygonum fagopyrum . paration is adopted for the purpose of allowing
    Trit'icUM REPENS, Gramen cani'num , Gra- the medicines, of which the troch is composed,
    men Dioscor'idis, G. repens, Lolid'ceum radi'ce to dissolve slowly in the mouth, and to pass
    repen'tē, Dog's grass, Couch grass, ( F.) Chien- gradually into the stomach .
    dent. The roots are sweet and possess aperient TROcuisci Bechici Nigri , Tr . glycyrrhizæ
    properties. They are said, also, to be diuretic . glabræ.
    TRITIO , Contritio, Trituration . Trochisci CARBONA'tis Calcis, Troches of
    TRITURA , Contritio . Carbonate of lime, Tabella ad ardo'rem ventric '.
    TRITURATION , Tritura'tio, Tritu'ra, Tri". uli, Lozenges for the heartburn, Tabellæ cardial'.
    tio, Tripsis. The act of reducing a substance gicæ, T. ad sodam, Trochis'ci e cretâ . ( Carb.
    to powder. calc, ppt. Ziy, ... acaciæ 3j , nuc. moschat. 3 ),
    Trituration , Contritio . sacch . pur. 3vj. M. Form into troches with
    TRITUS, Contritio . water. Ph. E.) Antacid and absorbent .
    TRIVENTER , Trigastric . TrochiSCI E CRETA , Tr. carbonatis calcis.
    TROCAR , Acus paracen'tica , A. triquetra TrochISCI VEL PASTIL'LI EMETINÆ Pec .
    vulga'ris, Paracenti'cion , raparertelytOV . Cor- TORA'les, Pectoral Lozenges of Em'etine. (Su
    rupted from the ( F.) Troisquarts or Trocart, gar, ziv, emetine, 32 grains. Form into lozenges
    " three quarters;" so called from the triangular of 9 grains each .) One is a dose .
    shape of the point, Triquetrum : - an instrument Trochiscı EscHAROT'ıcı, Escharol'ic Troches.
    need for evacuating Huids from cavities, par. ( Hydrarg. orymur. p . 8, umyli, p. 16, mucilag.
    ticularly in ascites, hydrocele, & c . g. tragac. q . s. Make into troches to which a
    TROCHISQUE 704 TRUSS

    few drops of laudanum may be added . ) . Used TRONC, Trunk - e. Brachial, Brachial artery
    in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences, & c . -t . Basilaire , Basilary artery: an

    Trochiscı EschAROTICI de Minio . ( Oryd. TROPÆYOLUM MAJUS, Indian Cress , Nas AD


    CE
    plumbi. rubr. p. 16 , hydrarg. olymur. p .32, mic. tur'tium Indicum , Acrivi'ola, Flos sanguin'eus
    panis, p. 128, aq, rosa , q. s.) Used like the last. monar'di, Nasturtium Peruria'num , Cardamin'
    Trochisci GLYCYRRHI'ZÆ GLABRÆ, Liquo. dum minus. Family, Geraniaceæ . Sex . Syst. th
    rice Troches, Black pectoral lozenges, Trochis'ci Octandria Monogynia , (F.) Cresson des Indes,
    bech'ici nigri. (Ext. glyc. glabr., gum . acac. āā, Cresson du Merique, Capucine. An antiscor Re
    p. j, sacch . purif. p.ij. Dissolve in warm water ; butic. fo
    strain ; evaporate, and form into troches. Ph . TROPHALIS, Colostrum . te

    E.) Demulcent. To allay cough. TROPHE , Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum. ird

    Trochisci GLYCYRRHIZ Æ CUM Opio, Tro . TROPHIMOS, Nutritious.


    chisci Theba'ici , T. sedati'ro-balsam'ici, T. pec- TROPHODES , Nutritious. CO
    tora'les regis Dano'rum , Liquorice Troches with TROPHON’OSI, Trophonu'si ; from 70099, SIT
    Opium . Opii zij,tinct. bals. tolu . ziv, syrup. " nourishment,'and rooos, a disease.' Diseasesof 8p
    simpl. Zviij, ont. glycyrrh. glabr ., g . acaciæ aa nutrition . fa
    Zv. Make into troches. Ph. E.) Demulcent TROSTER . See Spirit. ГІС
    and anodyne . TROU, Foramen-t. Anonyme, Foramen sty
    Trochisci Gummo'sı, Gum Troches. (G. acac. lomastoideum - t. Aveugle où Borgne, Cæcum
    p. V. amyli, p. i. sacch . pur. p . xij. Make up foramen -t. de Botal, Botal foramen, Ovale all
    the troches with rose-water. * Ph. E.) Demul- foramen - t. Déchiré antérieur, Lacerum ante ple
    cent. rius foramen - t. Déchiré postérieur, Lace
    Trochisci NITRA'Tis Potas'sÆ , Nitre Troches. rum posterius foramen - t. Epineux, Spinale an

    ( Nitrat. potassa, p . j , sacch . pur. p. iij. Make foramen - t. Mentonnier, Mental foramen - t. tid
    into troches with mucilage of tragacanth . Ph. Optique, Foramen opticum - t. Orbitaire supé SC
    E.) In slight inflammatory sore throat and rieur , Foramen supra -orbitarium — t. Orbitaire
    fever. supérieur, Orbitar foramen superior - t. Ovale,
    The Parisian Codex has two formulæ for Ovale forainen -- t. Rond ,petit,Spinale foramen
    troches, for external use . - Sous- orbitaire, see Suborbitar canal - t. Sous
    Trochisci PectoRALES REGIS Danorum , Tr. pubien , Obturatorium foramen - t. Sphéno- épi
    glycyrrhizæ cum opio - t. Sedativo-balsamica, neur, Spinale foramen-t. Sus- orbitaire, Fora
    Tr. glycyrrhizæ cum opio - t. Stibiati,Tabellæ men supra-orbitarium .
    antimoniales Kunckelii—t. Thebaici, Tr. gly- TROUS CAROTIDIENS, Carotica foramina
    cyrrhizæ cum opio. -t. Condyloidiens, Condyloidea Foramina-t. de an
    TROCHISQUE, Trochiscos. Conjugaison Conjugationis foramina - t.de Con
    TROCH'ITER , from rooyev,' to turn . ' The jugaison, see Vertebræ - t. Olfactifs, Olfactory Ca
    larger of the two tuberosities at the upper ex. foramina – t. Rachidiens, Spinal foramina.
    tremity of the os humeri; so called because TROUSSEAU , Fasciculus. PT
    it affords insertion to rotator muscles.- (Chaus- TROUSSEAUX ARRIÈRE -MÉSENTÉ. D
    sier. ) RIQUES, ( F. ) A name given by Winslow to
    HIT R'IAN , in the language of the nervous plexus situate between the two
    TROCHITE
    M
    (F
    Chaussier, means any thing belonging or re- mesenteric plexuses, of which it is a depend fic
    lating to the trochiter . ence, and which descends into the pelvis to con
    TROCHLEA , Trochiliu, ( F. ) Trochlée ou cur in the formation of the hypogastric plexus. ag
    Troklée. A pulley ; from tooyaw , ' I turn . ' The TRUBS , Lycoperdon luber. 4
    articular surface at the lower extremity of the TRUELOVE , Paris.

    w .
    os humeri ; so called from its forming a kind of TRUFFE, Lycoperdon tuber.

    山 .mm 山
    pulley on which the ulna moves, in flexion and TRUFFLE , Lycoperdon tuber.
    extension of the forearm . TRUMBUS, Thrombus.
    Also , the cartilaginous pulley , over which TRUMPETWEED , Eupatorium purpureum .
    the tendon of the trochlearis muscle passes, at TRUNK , Truncus, ( F. ) Tronc. The princi
    the upperand inner part of the orbit. pal part of the body, to which the limbs are
    TROCHLEARIS , Obliquussuperior oculi. articulated. The trunk has been divided into
    TROCILÉATEUR, GRAND , Obliquus su- three parts ;-a superior, the head :-a middle,
    perior oculi - t. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi. the thorax ,-and an inferior, the pelois. These
    TROCHLÉE, Trochlea. three regions contain the great splanchnic cavi th
    OV
    TRO'CHOID , too goeidrs, from tpoyos , 'a ties . They are united by a common stalk - the со
    wheel,' and ridos , resemblance .'. Trochor'des, vertebral column. To the middle, are articu to
    Area commissu'ra. An articulation , in which lated the superior extremities; and, to the infe
    one bone turns upon another, like a wheel upon rior, the lower extremities.
    artery vein nerve, lym.
    The trunk of an , , or
    its axle ; such as the Atloï'do-aroid articula'tion .
    TROCHOIDES, Axea commissura . phatic is its largest part, which has not yet
    TROISQUARTS, Trocar. given off branches. It is , also, applied to the be
    TROKANTER , Trochanter. parent vessel , after branches have been sent off.
    TROKANTERIAN , Trochanterian . TRUSS , from (F.) Trousser, to tie up .'
    TROKANTINIAN , Trochantinian . Brache'rium , Bracheriolum , Amma, (F. ) Brayer. of
    TROKLEE, Trochlea. A hernial bandage, for keeping the hernia re
    TROMPE , Tuba - t. d'Eustache, Eustachian duced. The ancient trusses were inelastic.
    tube - t. de Fallope, Tuba Fallopiana — t. Utérine , They consisted simply of a pad od strap. At pi
    Tuba Fallopiana . the present day , elastic bandages are alone em th
    TROMUS, Tremor. ployed. They possess the advantage of making ре
    to
    TRYGODES 705 TUBERCULATE

    an equable and continuous pressure on the TUBERA TERRÆ , Lycoperdon tuber.


    aperture of the sac ; and of yielding to the TU'BERCLE, Tuberculum , Tuber. A tumour
    changes of form in the abdominal parietes. in the substance of organs, from the produc ion
    The most important part of these bandages of new matter :-sensation dull ; growth slug:
    is a piece of narrow steel, flat and adapted to gish. In Pathological Anatomy, the term is
    the shape of the body . This is the spring, ( F.) given to a species of degeneration which culle
    Ressort. It embraces the body on the side at sists of an opaque matter, of a pale yellow co.
    fected; extends from beyond the spine , and lour: this , in its crude condition, has a con .
    terminates opposite the ruptured part, by an sistence analogous to that of concrete albumen ,
    iron plate to which it is riveted . The poste- but greater: it subsequently becomes soft and
    rior surface of this plate is furnished with a friable, and gradually acquires a consistenco
    convex pad, ( F.) Pelole , adapted in shape and and appearance analogous to those of pus . Tu .
    size to the aperture which it has to close. The bercles may be developed in different parts of
    spring is covered with leather, and its inner sur the body; but they are most frequently nu
    face is padded ; a strap extends from its poste- served in the lungs and mesentery. Pulmona.
    rior extremity ; passes round the sound side, ry tubercles are the cause of Tuberculur Phthi,
    and is attached io the plate of the pad . This sis. Mesenteric tubercles are often met with in
    strap is pierced with numerous holes, which the same affection, but particularly in Tubes
    allow the patient to tighten or slacken il at Mesenterica, ( q . v.) Laënnec classes the tube's.
    pleasure. cles among the accidental tissues , which have
    Trusses have been variously constructed ; no reseniblance to the natural tissues,and
    and different patents obtained for the modifica which never exist except in consequence of
    tions. They all act upon the above principle. morbid action . Others' consider them as a
    Sometimes they have a double pad . scrofulous degeneration. Broussais conceives
    TRYGODES, Feculent. that they are produced exclusively by inflam .
    TRYPANON , Trepan . mation of the white vessels .
    TRYPESIS , Trepanning . When tubercles in any organ are few in
    TRYPSIS , Friction. number, they may pass to the state of perma
    TSIANA , Costus, nent induration without danger to the patient ;
    TSJAMPACA , Michelia champaca. but when they are very numerous, they usually
    TUBA , Tube, Frumpet, Salpinz, (F.) Trompe. cause serious mischief. Dr. Baron considers,
    A name given to some parts, which are hollow that they are produced by hydatids.
    and have the shape of a trumpet. The inorbid condition, which gives rise to
    TUBA ARISTOTELICA, Eustachian tube - t. the development of tubercles,is termed Tuber
    Cæca, T. Fallopiana. culosis, Morbus tuberculo'sus, and Dyscrusiu
    The Tuba FALLOPIA'RA , Oviduc'tusmuliebris, Tuberculosi.
    Vas deferens mulieris, Tuba uteri'na, T. cæca , TUBERCLES DES GLANDES LYMPH.9 .
    Ductus rarico'sus, seu Proces'suslatera'lis, seu TIQUES, Scrofula-t. Pisiforines, Mamillary
    Meatus seminalis,seu Me'atus semina'rius u'teri, tubercles — t. Quudrijumeuur, Quadrigemina
    ( F.) Trompe de Fallope, T. utérine, is a canal, corpora.
    Hoating in the abdomen, and extending on each TUBERCULA ARANTII, Corpora Arantii, Cor.
    side from the superior angles of the uterus as far pusculu Aranlii, Tubercles of Aruntius or Aranzi,
    as the sides of the brim of the pelvis . They are Small eninences at the middle part of the
    4 or 5 inches long. Near the uterus, they are semilunar valves of the pulmonary artery and
    straight and very narrow ; but, in their course, aorta .
    they widen ,become tortuous , and terminale by TUBERCULA NERVORUM Nodosa , Ganglions,
    a free, expanded, and fimbriated extremity; nervous - t. Parva duræ matris, Glandule Pack
    called, also, Folia'ceum ornamen'tum , Morsus chioni.
    diaboli, ( F.) Morceau frangé, Pavillon de lu TUBER'CULAR , Tuberculous, Tuberculo'sus,
    trompe, Morceau du diable. Within, the tubes Tuberculate, ( F. ) Tuberculeur. That which re
    are hollow and lined by a mucous membrane: lates to lubercles, or which is formed by tuber.
    the tissue, which it lines, is spongy and erectile . cles.
    The use of the Fallopian tubes is to conduct TUBERCULAR CONSTITUTION or Diathesis,
    the sperm to the ovarium , and the fecundated Phthisio'sis, is the habit of body which predis.
    ovom back to the uterus. They establish a poses to tubercular phthisis ; as Tuberculous
    communication between the cavity of the peri. Cacheria is the condition of one labouring un.
    toneum and that of the uterus der Tuberculosis.
    Tuba UTERINA , T. Fallopiana . TUBERCULAR PHTHISIS is that produced by
    TUBE , FALLOPIAN , Tuba Fallopiana. lhe development of tubercles in the lungs.
    TUBER , Hump, Lycoperdon tuber, Tu. TUBERCULAR Matter is a morbid produc.
    bercle . lion , contained in cysts, or loose in the tissue
    TUBER CINEREUM . A grayish tubercle, seen of organs. It varies, in its consistence, at the
    at the base of the brain behind the commissure different periods of the tubercular affection ;
    of the optic nerves, which is continuous with being, at first, compact, and yellowish , and , at
    the infundibulum . times, calcareous ; afterwards pultaceous, semi,
    TUBER PELLAGRA , Pellagra -- t. Atloido-occi. Auid , and curdy.
    pital, Rectus capitis posticus minor - t, Ciba- TUBERCULATE, Tubercular.
    rium , Lycoperdon tuber - t. Gulosorum , Lyco- TUBERCULATE SARCO'MA of ABERNETHY , Em
    perdon tuber - t. Ischio -trochantérien, Quadra- phy'ma Sarcoma luberculosum , Tumor tuberculo .
    tus -t. lschii , see Ischiatic-t. Tympa- 'sus. Tubercles, firm , round, and clustering ;
    ni , Promontory of the tympanum . pea- sized or bean -sized ; yellowish or brownish
    89
    TUBERCULEUX 706 TURBINATED BONES

    red ; when large, disposed to ulcerate,and pro- cording to their seat, the organs interested,
    dace a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore. their nature, &c.
    Found chiefly in the lymphatic glands of the The French use the term Tumeur blanche
    neck; often , simultaneously, in other glands synonymously with White swelling;-see Hy.
    and organs .
    TUBERCULEUX, Tubercular.
    drarthrus. The term is, however, applied by
    the generality of surgeons, to swellings of the
    TUBERCULOSIS . See Tubercle . greater joints, without change of colour of the
    TUBERCULOSIS Pulmonum , Phthisis Pulmo- skin , and of a more or less firm consistence,
    nalis . which are dependent upon disease of the osse
    TUBERCULOSOs, Tubercular. ous or of the soft parts about the joint.
    TUBERCULOUS , Tubercular. Scrofula is the most common cause of these
    TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF THE Lungs, Phthi- affections.
    sis pulmonalis. An ERECTILE TUMOUR is a tumour, produced
    TUBER'CULUM CINEREUM , Fasciola ci- by the development of a soft, vascular tissue,
    nerea . A mass of cineritious substance at the which is susceplible ofdilatation and depression.
    top of the calamus scriptorius , wbich is con- see Erectile .
    tinuous below with the posterior horn of cine- A Var'icose Tumour , Tumor varicd'sus, is a
    ritious substance in the cord , and upon the circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the
    sides with the corpus restiforme. dilatation and turgescence of the capillary ves
    TUBERCULUM LOWERI , Lower, tubercle of.
    sels of a part.
    TUBEROSITAS TYMPANI , Promontory TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
    of the tympanuin . A celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent,
    TUBEROSITÉ BICIPITALE, Bicipital tu . England , which is much frequented.
    bercle - t. Sciutique, see Ischiatic. TUNIC , Tu'nica , Chi'ton, a coat. An en
    TUBEROSITY . Anatomists have given velope. A name given to differentmembranes,
    this name to eminences or processes, the sur. which envelop organs ; such are, the tunics or
    face of which is unequal and rough ; and coals of the eye, stomach, bladder , & c .
    which give attachment to muscles or liga- TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea — t. Aciniformis,
    ments Uvea-t. Acinosa , Uvea - t. Adnata , Conjunc
    TUBI MEMBRANACEI, see Villous mem- tiva - t. Agnata, Conjunctiva - t. Alba oculi,
    branes . Sclerotic - t. Albuginea, Albuginea - t. Albu.
    TUBULI DURÆ MATRIS , Sinuses of the ginea oculi , Sclerotic - i. Arachnoder, Arach
    dural mater — t. Pelvis renum, see Calix - t.noid membrane-t. Aranea, Arachnoid mem
    Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous tubes. brane -t. Caduca, Decidua-t. Candida oculi ,
    TUBULUS , Canula. Sclerotic-t. Carnosa , Panniculus carnosus-t.
    TUBUS ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet - t. Ner. Conjunctiva , Conjunctiva – t. Costalis, Pleura
    vorum, Neurilenia. -t. Crassa, Decidua--t. Dura oculi , Sclerotic
    TUE -CHIEN , Colchicum autumnale . -t. Durior et crassu , Sclerotic - t. Elytroides,
    TULIP TREE , Liriodendron . Vaginalis tunica — t. Erythroides, Cremaster
    TULIPIER, Liriodendron . t. Exterior ovi, Decidua - t. Extima oculi, Scle.
    TUMEFACTIO, Swelling—t. Mollis, Puffi. rotic - t. Filamentosa, Decidua-t. Hortensis,
    Dess . Dianthus caryophyllus—t. Ionominata oculi,
    TUMEUR, Tumour-t . Anomale , see Hæma. Sclerotic - t. Interna oculi, Retina.
    todes fungus - t. Blanche, Hydrarthrus-i. Ca- Tunica Jaco'br . A highly -delicate serous
    dırncuse, see Hæmatodes fungus— .. Érectile, membrane, interposed between the retina and
    see Hæniatodes fungus - t. Lymphatique des are the choroid coat , discovered by Dr. Jacubs, of
    ticulations, Hydrarthrus — t. Variqueuse, see Dublin .
    Hæmatodes fungus. Tunica Muscularis , Dartos — t. Nervorum ,
    TUMOR , Swelling — t. Albus, Hydrarthrus— Neurilema – t. Prætensa abdominis,Peritoneum
    t. Carneus, Sarcoma-- t. Cysticus, Encystis - 1 - t.Reticularis,Retina - t.Retiformis, Retina
    t. Cysticus serosus, Hygroma - t. Ficosus, Fi- t . Rubicunda scroli, Dartos - t. Rubra, Dianthus
    cust. Flatulentus, Emphysema- t. Fungosus caryophyllus—t. Subcostalis, Pleura - t. Tho
    sanguineus, Hæmatodes fungus - t. Gangli- racis, Corset - t. Uvalis, Uvea—t. Uviformis,
    formis, Ganglion, nervous - t. Squamiforinis
    carnosus .
    Uvea-t. Vaginalis Linguæ, see Tongue -- t.
    Lepidosarcoma - 1. Tuberculosus, Vitrea , Hyalcid membrane.
    Tuberculate sarcoma - t. Tunicatus, Encystis. TUNIQUE ALBUGINEE, Albuginea.
    Tumour, from tumco, ' I swell ;' Oncos, Onco'. TUNNYFISH . SALTED , Omotarichos.
    sis, Epar' ma, Eparsis, Emphy'ma, Excrescen'tia TUPALO -ENTERITIS , Typhlo -enteritis.
    (Sauvages ,) Ecphy'ma, ( F. ) Tumeur. Risings TUPHUS , Typhus .
    or prominences, of greater or less size , de . TURBINATED BONES, Ossa turbinata ,
    veloped by a morbific cause in some part of the Ossa spongio'sa, Cornua, Conchæ na'rium , Con
    body. Cullen defines a turnour to be " a par. chylia, Bucci'næ, Lum'ine spongio'sı nasi, Ossa
    tial swelling without inflammation. " Sauva- tcrtia marillæ superio'ris. Very thin, bony
    ges restricts the term to risings formed by the plates, rolled up in ihe form of horns, and situate
    congestion of a fluid ; and he calls eacrescences in the nasal fosse.
    those which have a fleshy or osseous con- 1. The Os spongiosum superius or Cornet de
    sistence . Boyer defines it " any preternatural Morgagni ;-the highest.
    eininence developed in any part of the body." 2. The Os spongiosum me'dium , the middle
    Good uses it synonymously with tubercle . cornu of French anatomists ,-the ethmoid'al
    Bayer's is the best general definition . cornu or Os spongiosum superius, Os turbina
    Tumours differ greatly froin each other ; lum , of English anatomisls,-Os concolu'tum ,
    TURBITH BLANC 707 TYMPANITES

    superius, Concha, (F.) Cornet Moyen . This bone Bechium , Un gula caballi'na ,Coltsfoot, (F.)Pas
    projects inwardsand downwards into the cavity d'ane. Family, Corymbiferæ . Ser. Syst. Syn.
    of the nose, from the ethmoid cells at the side genesia Polygamia Superflua. It is demulcent
    of the nasal lamella, and serves to enlarge the and expectorant, and has been used in coughs,
    organ of smell. It is convex towards the sep- some
    and pulmonary affections in general, and in
    tum , and concave outwards. cutaneous diseases.
    3. The Os spongiosum vel turbinatum in- Tussilago PETASI'TES, Butterbur, Petasites,
    ferius, Concha inferior, Convolutum inferius Pestilent-wort, Petasites major, P. vulgaris, P.
    os, Os sous-ethmoidal, (Ch ) projects at the rubens. The roots of this plant have been re
    under part of the side of the nose , is convex commended as aperient and alexipharmic . -
    towards the septum , and concave outwards . It They have a strong sinell ; and a bitterish , acrid
    is connected to the os maxillare , os palati, and taste, of the aromatic kind, but not agreeable .
    os unguis . TUSSIS , Cough, Ber, Tusssc'do, Beris, Tussis
    4. The Sphenoid'al cornua , (q. v.). nerdo'sa , Catar'Thus, Pneusis Tussis , ( F .) Tour.
    All the turbinated bones extend the sphere of Violent, sonorous, frequent, and short expira
    smell . tions ; by means of which the air, in passing
    TURBITH BLANC, Globularia Alypum-t. rapidly through the bronchia and trachea, car.
    Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t.Montpel. ries along with it the mucus of the parts, which
    lier, Globularia alypum - t. Plant, Convolvulus forms the sputa, (q. v . ) The cough is said to
    turpethum . be dry, when unaccompanied by expectoration.
    TURGENTIA , Turgescence . It is symptomatic of many diseases. See Bron
    TURGES'CENCE , Turgescen'lia , Turgen'. chitis.
    tia, Orgas'mus, from turges'cere, to swell . ' Tussis CATARRHALIS SIMPLEX , Catarrh- .
    Superabundance of humours in a part. The Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clangosa, Pertussis-t.
    term Turgescence of Bile, was formerly used to Convulsiva , Pertussis-t. Ferina, Pertussis - t.
    denote the passage of that fluid into the sto. Spasmodica, Pertussis - t. Suffocativa, Pere
    mach , and its discharge by vomiting . tussis .
    A vital action of Turgescence - Turgor vi. TUTAM'INA , Tutu 'men , ' a defence,' ' a pro.
    talis — or expansibility has been presumed to tection . ' Parts are so called which defend or
    exist in certain organs, as in the capillaries ; protect others.
    but the generality of physiologists do not The TUTAMINA CEREBRI are the scalp , peri
    admit it. cranium , bones of the skull , and the meninges.
    TURGESCENTIA VESIC'ULÆ FELL'EÆ , Asci'tes The TUTAMISA Oculi are the eyebrows, eye.
    hepato-cysticus, Physco'nia bilio'sa, Hepatal'gia lids,and lachrymalapparatus.
    Petitia'na. Distention of the gall-bladder by TUTENAG , Zincum .
    bile . TUTHIA , Tutia.
    TURGOR VITALIS . See Turgescence. TUTIA, Pom'pholyz , Cadmia, Alfasa ,Mesera,
    TURMERIC , Curcuma longa, Sanguinaria Capnilis, Tuthia, Or’ydum zinci impu'rum .
    Canadensis. The oxyd of zinc that attaches itself to the
    TURNING, Versio, from (F.) tourner, ' to chimneys of furnaces, in which ores of zinc
    turn ,' (F.) Version. The operation of bringing are smelted. It is in the form of gray incrus
    down the feet, or some part of the lower ex- tations ; and is sometimes used for making an
    tremity, when the presentation of the child is eye-salve. It is prepared, for this purpose, by
    such ,, that it cannot be delivered by the natural levigation .
    efforts . TWINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation .
    TURNIP , Brassica rapa - t. Indian , Arum TWITCHING, Tic .
    triphyllum . TYCHICA, from Turn, accident. Fortui
    TÚRPENTINE , Terebinthina —t. Briançon , tous lesions or deformities. The 7th class of
    see Pinus cembra - t. Chio , see Pistacia tere. Good's Nosology .
    binthus - t. Common, see Pinus sylvestris — t. TYLOMA, Callosity.
    Cyprus, see Pistacia terebinthus - t.Horse , see TYLOSIS , Callosity.
    Pinus sylvestris - t. Strasburg , see Pinus picea TYMMA , Wound.
    -t. Tree, Pistacia terebinthus - t. Venice, see TYMPAN , Tympanum .
    Pinus laris-t. Venice , true , see Pistacia tere . TYMPANIA, Tympanites.
    binthus . TYMPANIAS , Tympanites.
    TURPETHUM , Convolvulus turpethum - t. TYMPANITA , Tympanites,
    Minerale, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus-t. Nigrum , TYMPANI'TES, Emphyse'ma Abdom'inis,
    Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum . Hydrops Tympaniles, Affec'tio tympanii'ica ,Pneu
    TURQUOISE. This stone has been long mata'sis Abdom'inis, Hydrups abdominis aëreus,
    imagined to change its colour as the wearer is Physoca'lia, Tympanosis, Physe'ma, Physé'sis,
    at the time in good or bad health :—a super- Hydrops siccus et flatulentus, Tympania, Tym .
    stitious notion . pa'nius, Tympani'ta , Emphysema Tympanites,
    TURRE'IS . Ancient name of a stone, to Metercorismus, E. Tympaniticum , Tym'pany,
    which was attributed the property of preventing ( F. ) Ballonnement, from Trunaror, a drum
    fractures in cases of falls . - Johnson . so called because the abdomen is distended
    TURUNDA , Tent. with wind, and sounds like a drum when struck.
    TUSSEDO , Tussis. A swelling of the abdomen , caused by accu.
    TUSSILA'GO, T. Farfara, Be'chium , Be'.mulation of air in the intestinal tube or in the
    chion , Cal'ccum equi'num , Chamæleu'ce , Chame- peritoncuin.
    gei'ron, Filius ante patrem , Farfarella , Gallio. Tympanites may be idiopathic or symptoma.
    marchus, Farfara, Tussila'go rulga'ris, Farfarn tic . The former depends upon exhalation of
    TYMPANITIS 703 TYPAUS
    C
    air from the inner surface of the intestine, or selves, and succeed each other. It may be con . 0
    from the decomposition of substancescontained tinued, intermittent , or remitient. b
    in it ; the latter is the result of soine organic TYPHA AROMATICA , Acorus calamus.
    affection , and often depends upon obliteration TYPHIQUE , Typhoid .
    t
    of the digestive tube, which prevents the gas TYPH | O -ENTERI'TIS, Tuphlo -enteritis,
    from escaping. Idiopathic tympanites may be from rudos , cæcus, and Enteritis, inflamma $
    more readily cured . The symptomatic is usu- tion of the intestines.' Inflammation of the ե
    ally fatal. On dissection, in such cases, the cæcum , occasionally leading to perforative
    stomach and intestines are found enormously ulceration.
    distended ; with strangulation or disorganiza- TYPHLOSIS , Cæcitas.
    tion of some partCarminatives
    the intestine .
    of the mucous membrane of
    may be proper
    TYPHLOTERON MONOCOLON, Cæcum . be
    TYPHLOTES, Cæcitas .
    when tympanites depends upon atony of ihe TYPHODES, Typhoid.
    digestive organs ; but, in cases of the sympto- THYPHOHÆ'MIA , See Putrefaction . C
    mutic kind, they cannot be productive of ad. TY'PHOID , Typhor'des, Typhodes, Lui'lich T
    c
    vantage, and may do harm . (F.) Typhique, Typhode. Resembling typhus ;
    Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity as Typhoid Feder. Also, typhus, according to
    of the peritoneum - constituting the Tympani'. some.
    tos abdominalis of some : - the accumulation TYPHOMANIA , τυφoμανια , from τυφος , b
    in the intestines being called Tympani'tes intes . stupor,
    “ stupor,'Subdelir
    and uaria ,' delirium .'' Delirium with fc
    lina'lis ium . The kind of delirium
    TYMPANITES, UTERINE , Physometra. common in typhus. C

    TYMPANITIS , Inflammatio tympani ; from TYPHOMANIA, Coma vigil, Insomnia. ic


    Tuy raror, ' a drum ; ' and itis, denoting inflam TYPHONIA , Coma vigil. F
    mation . Inflammation of the lining membrane TYPHOSEPTOSES : from tugos , stupor ,' U
    of the middle ear. and orpis, putrefaction . Typhous affections. CE

    TYMPANOSIS , Tympaniles. TYPHUS, Semipestis, Tuphus, Febris Ty 0

    TYMÄPANUM, Tuunator, drum.' The phodes, (F ;) Fièvre adynamique, F.ataxique, @


    ‫ܐ‬
    Drum or Barrel of the Ear. The names Cavity Typhus d'Europe,bysmall,weak,
    ver characterized from tupos, stupor.' A fe
    and unequal,
    of the Tympanumor Cavity of theDrum , Cud'- but usuallyfrequent pulse, withgreat prostra D
    itas Tyrn
    Auris, 'pani,Tym'pani
    Cavum Antrum , seu
    ( F.) Caritas
    Tympanantro'sa
    , Curite tion of strength , and much cerebral disturb TE

    du tympan ,Caisse du tambourhave been given night ance ; toitsthree


    duration being
    weeksor usually
    longer. It from a fort.
    is continged
    to a cavity of an irregular shape, which con .
    stitutes the middle ear, and has been compared fever, accompanied with great cerebral irrita
    to a drum . It is situate in the pars petrosaof tion and prostration . ( See Fever.) By most
    the temporal bone, between the meatus audito- writers,
    varietiesthis
    -- thedisease has been
    Typhusmitior divided into
    andTyphus two
    gravior.
    rius externus and the labyrinth . This cavity T. nercosus,
    is lined by a mucous membrane ; and commu. T. 1.comatosus Febris T.
    Typhus ,Mitior, simples,
    lenta nervosa, Blechro
    nicates, externally, by means of the Eustachian
    lube, which is situate between it and thepha- pyrus, F. putrida nernosa, F. hec'tica malig'na
    rynx. The tympanum has six parietes. 1. An nerrosa, Nerrous Fever, Neuropyra, (F.) Fidore
    external, which is almost entirely formed of the neroeuse, is characterized by slight shiverings, C
    heavy , vertiginous headache ; great oppression,
    Membrane of the, (kDrumMembrane peculiar expression of anxiety , nausea,sighing,
    , Membrana tympani, despondency
    Myrin'ga, Myrinx .) dutympan- , and coma or quies delirium . a
    ti
    a species of thin, transparent, circular septum ;
    The Typhus
    convex within, and concave without, which t.2.castren'sis GRAVIOR,
    , Febris pes'tilensTyphus car', cerum
    maligna Febris,
    closes the inner extremity of the meatus audi nar'tica pestilentialis ,Febris petechid lis, Typhus tr
    torius. 2. An internal, on which are the Fe. petechia'lis , Pulicula'ris morbus, Febris punc h
    nes'tra ova'lis Promontory,
    , Fora'men
    and to . F. Saprop'yra, F. car cerum etnosoco
    tun'dum. 3. A superior. 4. An inferior, on ticula'ris,
    mio'rum , F. Putrida , Septopyra , Putrid Feter , lc

    which is the glenoidfissure. 5. A posterior , on Juil Ferer, Hospital Fever, Camp Ferer, Spotted 3.
    which are, the opening of the mastoid cells, Fever, Malignant Fever, (k.)Fièvre des Camps, be
    and the pyramid . 6. An anterior on which are, F. nautique, F. d'Hôpital , F. nosocomiale, F:
    the Proces'sus cochleafor'mis and the inner ori to
    fice of the Eustachinn tube. The cavity of the des Prisons, F. lenticulaire, is attended with 4.
    tympanum is crossed by a series of four small rigorsand heat, alternating; little or no 나
    bones, articulated with each other by diarthro- perspiration ;pulse, tense and hard, usually
    quickvertex
    sis, moved by certain muscles, and representing and , but Auttering
    ; delirium ,; pain over the
    succeeded byforehead
    stupor ;
    a kind of bent lever extending from the mem &
    brana tympani to the fenestra ovalis . They signs incipient putrescency
    vibices,ofhemorrhages , & c. ; as petechiæ , fc
    are called the Bones or Ossicles of the Ear, and
    are the malleus , incus , orbiculare , and stapes . Typhus, under particular circumstances, to
    For the nervous plexus of the tympanum , seems to be
    if proper communicable
    attention be paid byto contagion ; but,
    cleanliness and
    see Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion . CC
    ventilation , there is not much danger of com. ke
    TYMPANY, Tympanitegất. of the Womb, munication. The general principles of treat
    Physnmetra . inent , laid down under the head of Fever , are P
    TYPE , Typus, from TURIOS, ' a stamp,' itself applicable here. All the varieties of continued
    from Tunto , I strike.' The type is the order in fever resemble each other in the cardinal points :
    which the symptoms of a disease exhibit them although they may differ in many of their t
    P
    ULA 709 ULMUS

    characters. Ventilation and cleanliness ; warm they can be removed by pressure , and distinct
    or cold ablution or sponging ; keeping the also from sudamina, which are perhaps the uni
    bowels free ; and attending to symptoms as versal accompaniments of sweating, and are
    they may rise , with the avoiding of all irrita- consequently a variety of miliaria.
    tion of every kind, are the main indications. The common continued fever, or Synochus
    When symptoms of great prostration occur, the (q. v .) of Great Britain , and of this country , has
    strength must be supported by wine ; and tonics been presumed to be this variety : but further
    be exbibited, with the mineral acids. Of the observations are needed to establish the dis.
    tonics, the sulphate of quinine is perhaps as tinctions which have been attempted, and there
    good as any, whilst it is free from the objection is soine reason to believe, that the abdominal
    which applies to most others ,—of being too affection is a complication, existing in certain
    bulky . In the whole management of this affec. cases and epidemics , and not in others.
    tion , bwever ,the physician has to discriminate TYPHUS ABDOMINALIS , see Typhus - 1.d'Amé.
    care ty between oppression and prostration. (rique, Fever, yellow - t. Aphthoideus, Aphthæ
    The former may require evacuants : the latter i - . Carcerum , Typhus gravior - t. Castrensis,
    cannot. Typhus gravior - t.Comatosus, Typhus mitior
    of late, certain observers have endeavoured -. d'Europe, Typhus - t. Ganglionaris abdo
    to show, that there is an essential difference minalis, see Typhus - t. Icterodes, Fever, yel.
    between typhoid fever, and typhus : that the low -t. Miasmatique atazique putride jaune,
    former is an abdominal affection, and dependent Fever, yellow— .. Morbillosus , Rubeola - t.
    upon , or connected with, an inflamed or ul. Nervosus, Typhus mitior - t. d'Orient, Plague
    cerated condition of the mucous follicles of the -t. Pestis, Plague - t. Petechialis, Typhus gra
    intestines; hence, it has received the names vior - t.Scarlatinus,Scarlatina - t. Simplex, Ty.
    Fièvre mesentérique, Eranthème intestinale, Do- phus mitior - t. Vesicularis, Pemphigus.
    thinentérits, (q. v.) Ileodiclidite, Entérite folli- TYRANNUS . See Critical days.
    culeuse, Gastro - entérile with nervous affection TYREM'ESIS, from tupos, cheese,' and.
    of the brain, Follicular gastro-enteritis, Typhus EuEOIS, . vomiting,' Tyrosis, Tyreu'sis. Vomiting
    abdominalis, T. ganglionaris abdominalis, Febris of curdy matter, in infants especially.
    intestinalis ulcerosa , &c . TYREUSIS , Tyremesis.
    Accompanying this form of fever there is ge- TYRIASIS, Elephantiasis Arabica.
    nerally a typhoid eruption , consisting of rose- TYRODES , Cheesy .
    red papulæ , which appear mostly on the abdo- TYROS , Cheese.
    men. They are distinct from true petecbiæ , as TYROSIS, Tyremesis.

    ULA , Gingivæ . ULCER, MALIGNANT, Hospital gangrene —u.


    ULCER, Ulcus, Helcos, Elco'sis, Elco'ma, Putrid, Hospital gangrene.
    Helco'ma, a Sore. ' (F.) Ulcère. A solution of ULCERA SERPENTIA ORIS , Aphthæ.
    continuity in the soft parts, of longer or shorter ULCERATION , Ulcera'tio , Exulcera'tio.
    standing ; accompanied by a purulent discharge, A superficial ulcer. The formation of an ulcer,
    and kept up by some local disease or constitu- - Erelco'sis, 262XwOis.
    tional cause . Professor Richerand makes four ULCERE, Ulcer — u . de Larynt, Phthisis
    great distinctions between the wound and ulcer. laryngea.
    1. A wound arises from the action of an ex- ÚLCEROUS, Ulcero'sus, Helco'des , Hel.
    traneous body ;-the cause of an ulcer is in- coïdes, saxoons, 'eixoudrs. Having the charac
    herent in the economy. 2. A wound is always ter of an ulcer.
    idiopathic ;-an ulcer is always symptomatic. ULCERS, EGYPTIAN, Ægyptia ulcera.
    3. À wound has essentially a tendency to heal, ULCUS, Ulcer- 1 . Atonicum , Rupia - 0 .
    because the action of its cause has been mo- Cancrosum , Cancer, Chancre- u . Depascens,
    mentary ;-an vlcer, on the contrary , has a Phagedenic ulcer-u . Syriacum , Cynanche
    tendency to enlarge,because its cause persists. maligna - u. Telephium , Telephium-u. Tuber
    4. The treatinent of a wound is purely surgical; culosum , Lupus.
    that of an ulcer is medical as well . ULCUSCULUM CANCROSUM, Chancre.
    The immediate cause of an ulcer is an ang. ULE , Cicatrix .
    mented action of the absorbents ; and a specific ULI'TIS , from ovios , .solid .' (Eaps ovan,
    action of the small vessels, which secrete pus ' solid flesh :' hence ou dov, ' the gum.') Inflain
    from the blood . mation of the gums.
    Ulcers have been variously divided , according ULMAIRE , Spiræa ulmaria.
    to their nature :-into simple, sinuous, fistulous, ULMARIA , Spiræa ulmaria.
    fungous, gangrenous, scorbutic , syphilitic, can- ULMUS, U.campes'tris,Ptelea, Common Elm .
    çerous, inveterate, scrofulous, phagedenic, viru. (F.) Orme. Family , Amentaceæ. Sez. Syst.
    lent, cacoethic, sordid , curious, raricose, & c. l'entandria Digynia. The inner, rough bark of
    The treatment consists in removing, by ap- this tree is inodorous: and has a bitter,austere ,
    propriate means, the internal or local cause and mucilaginous taste . It is considered tonic,
    which keeps up the ulceration , and in exciting alterative, and diuretic ; and has been used,
    the vessels of the part, where necessary , by ap- chiefly, in lepra and other cutaneous affections.
    propriate bandaging. Ulmus Alata, Lynn Wahoo. The bark of
    ULNA 710 UNGUENT

    the root has been used successfully as a cata- The UMBILICAL RING , An'nulus umbilica'lis,
    plasm in phlegmonous inflammation. ( F. ) Anneau ombilical, is a fibrous ring which
    The UlmUS AMERICA'RA, Rough-leaved Elm , surrounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and
    Red Elm , Slippery Elm . The inner bark is through which umbilical hernia occurs in
    highly mucilaginous, and is used in coughs, children .
    diarrheas, and dysenteries ; also , as a poultice The UMBILICAL VESSELS , (F.) Vaisseaux
    for tumours ; lacerated and contused wounds , ombilicaux, include the two arteries, and um
    & c. bilical vein. The umbilical vein arises from
    ULMUS CAMPESTRIS , Ulmus. the placenta , and terminates at the fissure on
    ULNA, O'lenz, Fod" ile inferius seu majus, the inferior surface of the liver of the fætus ;
    Canna Brachii, Os cu'biti inferius, Os procu . to which it conveys the blood necessary for its
    bita'lē, Cu'bitus, Cubit , Arun'do brd'chii major; nutrition .
    the Elbou , (q . v .) Anatomists have given this The UMBILICAL ARTERIES, which exist only
    name to the bone of the forearm , which forms in the fætus, seem , as it were, continuations of
    the prominence of the elbow, during the flexion the primitive iliacs. They clear the umbilical
    of that joint. It is t'he longer and larger of the ring, and proceed to the placenta, to which
    two bones, and is inserted at the inner side . they carry the residuum of the blood sent to
    Its upper and larger extremity has, behind, a the fætus by the umbilical vein . As soon as
    considerable process , called olecranon ; and , be- respiration is established, the blood ceases to
    fore , a smaller one,called coronoid . These two pass by the umbilical arteries, which become
    eminences are separated from each other by the obliterated , as well as the vein , and are trans
    greater sigmoid or semilunar fossa, which re. formed into two very strong ligamentous cords ;
    ceives the articular trochlea of the humerus. the vein forming the Ligamen'tum rotun'dum
    The tubercle of the ulna is a small , rough of the liver.
    spot , under the root of the coronoid process, UMBILICUS, Umbo , Om'phalos, Umbili'cum ,
    for the insertion of the Brachialis internus. Radix ventris, Mesompha'lium ,Prolme'sis (natel
    On the outside of this extremity of the bone, of a nero-born child ;) the nadel, from umbo ,' the
    is the lesser sigmoid carity. It is articulated button or prominence in the midst ofa buckler.'
    with the head of the radius. The inferior ( F.) Ombilic, Nombril. A round cicatrix ,about
    extremity of the cubitus , which is much the median line of the abdomen. It is in the
    smaller than the superior, and articulated with situation of an aperture, which , in the fætus,
    the radius, has a surface, that corresponds to affords passage to the vessels of the umbilical
    the fibro- cartilage which separates it from the cord.
    os cuneiforme; and a pointed process, called UMBILICUS MARI'NUS, Cotyle'don marina,
    styloid. The body of the ulna is manifestly Andros'acë, Acetat'ulum marinum , Androsacé
    triangular. It is articulated with the os humeri Matthi'oli, 'Fungus petræ'us marinus. A sub
    and radius, and , mediately, with the os cunei- marine production, found on rocks and the
    forme.
    fication .
    It is developed by three points of ossi. shells of fishes,in the south ofFrance. It is
    reputed to be anthelmintic and diuretic.
    ULNARIS EXTERNUS , see Cubital mus- UMBO, Umbilicus.
    cles—u. Gracilis , Palmaris longus - u . Internus, UMBRELLA TREE , Magnolia tripetala.
    see Cubital muscles.
    ULOCACE, Stomacace. UNCAS , INDIAN, Veralrum viride .
    ULON'CUS , from ovdor, the gum, and oyros , UNCIA , Ounce .
    la tumour. ' Swelling of the gums. UN CIFORM , Uncifor'mis, from uncus, 6
    ULORRHAGIA , Stomatorrha'gia gingiva' hook.' That which has the shape of a hook .
    rum , from ovdov, the gum ,' and onyrupe, I Unciform EMINENC F., Hippocampus minor.
    break forth .' Bleeding from the gums. Os UnCIFORME , Os hama'tum , Os uncina'tum ,
    ULOTICA , Cicatrisantia. ( F.) Os crochu. The fourth bone of the second
    ULTIMI-STERNAL. row of the carpus. Its shape is very irregular.
    considerable
    Professor Béclard Inwards and forwards, it has a
    has given this appellation to the 6th or last eminence, which is curved upon itself, and
    bony portion of the sternum. He calls it also gives attachment to the annular ligament of the
    Ensi - sternal. carpus. It is articulated with the os semilu
    ULTIMUM MO'RIENS. A term given to nare, os magnum , os cuneiforme, and the 4th
    the part of theeconomy which dies last. and 5th metacarpal bones. It is developed
    ULVA CRISPA , Fucus crispus. from a single point of ossification .
    UMBIL’ICAL , Umbilica'lis, from umbil'icus, UNCINUS , Hook.
    the navel . ' That which belongs or relates to UNCTIO , Inunction .
    the navel . UNCTION, Unguentum hydrargyri.
    UMBILICAL CORD , Funiculus umbilicalis. UNCUS, Hook .
    The UMBILICAL REGjor , ( F.) Région ombili. UNDIM'IA . A name given, by Paracelsus,
    calc, is the middle region of the abdomen , in to a tumour, filled with a gelatinous matter,
    which the unibilicus is placed . The sides of like the white of egg.
    this are called the flanks or lumbar regions. In UNDOSUS , Cymatodes.
    the umbilical region , are the omentum majus ; UNDULATIO , Fluctuation .
    the inferior extremity of the duodenum ; the UNEDO , Arbutus unedo - u . Papyracca, Ar
    jejunum ; and the greater part of the mesentery ; butns unedo.
    lhe aorta ; vena cava ; the trunks of the renal UNGUEN, Unguentum—u. Articulare, Sg .
    arteries and veins ; the origin of the spermatic novia.
    arteries, &c . UNGUENT , ARMATORY , Hoplochrysma.
    UNGUENTARIA 711 UNGUENTUM

    UNGUENTARIA , Boitier, Ree Myristica i plumbi superacetatis, U. plumbi superacetatis


    moschata . -u . Citrinum , U. de althæa.
    UNGUENTA'RIUS, Myropa'us, Myrep'sus, UNGO ENTUM CEta'cer, Unguentum Sper'ma
    Myropo'les, Pigmenta'rius. One who sells oint. tis Ceti, U. album , Linimen'tum album , Sper
    ments. A perfumer . mace'ti ointment, ( F.) Onguent de blanc de ba
    UNGUENTUM , Unguen, Myron ,(F.) On: leine. (Cetacei 3vj, ceree albæ 3ij, ol,olio. Ziij.
    guent, from un'gere, . to anoint.'. Ointments Ph. L.) The ordinary dressing for blisters and
    are topical applications, of a consistence more excoriations.
    or less analogous to that of lard . They are UNGUENTUM DIGESTI'TUM SIMPLEX, U. Te
    used, chiefly , as local applications to ulcers Tebin'thine et oodrum vitelli, Simple digestive
    and wounds; but aresometimes rubbed upon vintment, ( F.) Onguent digestif simple. ( Tere.
    a part, in cutaneous affections ; and, especially, binthin. pur. 64 p . Vitell.odor. No. 2, vel 32.p.
    where it is desired that the constituents of the Mix, for a long time, in a glass mortar, and
    ointment should be absorbed. Ointments are add, gradually, enough of the Oil of the Hype
    of less consistence than cerates, although the ricum (Millepertuis) to make a soft ointment.
    terms are often used indiscriminately. Ph. P.) Detergent. It may be rendered more
    UNGUENTUM ADIPOCERE CETORUM ,Ceratum so by the addition of a little of the Acclute of
    cetacei - u. Ægyptiacum , Linimentum ærugi- copper.
    nis—u. Ægyptium album , Crinomyron - u . Al- UNGUENTUM ELEMI, Balsam of Arcæus, U.
    bum , U. cetacei, U. oxidi plumbi albi , U. elemi compositum .
    plumbi subcarbonatis. UNGUENTUM El'Emi Compos'ITUM , Linimen ' .
    UNGUENTUM DE ALTHA, Marshmallow Oint- tum Arcæ'i, Unguentum e gummi demi, Ung.
    ment, U. de Terebin'thinâ el cerâ, Cera'tum de de Terebin'thinã et Adip'ibus, U. elemi,' Oint
    Althæa, Emplastrum mucilagino'sum , E. emol'. ment of Elemi, (F.) Baume d'Arcéus. '(Elemi
    liens, E. cit'rinum, E, flavum , E. de Althaa, bj, terebinthine vulgaris Zx. sevi preparati bij,
    Unguentum flatum , U. cit'rinum , V. resi'ne olive olei Zij. Melt the elemiwith the suet;
    pini sylvestris compos'ilum seu resumpti'dum remove it from the fire ; and mix in the tur
    seu leniti'dum, (F.) Onguent de guimaude, o. pentine and oil. Strain themixture through a
    d'althéa . (Oleide mucilaginibus, 1000 P., cera linen cloth. Ph. L. Stimulant and digestive.
    flada , 250 p. , resina, terebinthin ., áă, 125_p. To keep open issues, &c.
    Liquefy; strain ; and stir till cold . Ph. P.) UNGUENTUM Epispas'TICUM DE DAPHNE GNI
    Common Olive oil might be substituted for the dio, Adeps Cor'tice daphnes gnidii medica'lus,
    Oil of Mucilages. (F.) Pommade de Garou. ( Adip. præpar . 320
    UNGUENTUM AC"IDI NITRO'si, Ointment of p ., ceræ , 32 p., cort. daphn. gnid. 128 p. Melt
    Nitrous Acid, Pond'tum vel Unguen'tum Nit'ri- the fat and wax ; and add the bark softened in
    cum vel Oxygena'tum , (F.) Pommade oxygénée, water. Boil until the moisture is evaporated :
    Graisse ozygénée, Pommade d'Alyon. ( Adip: then pass through cloth. Ph. P.) To keep
    suilla, ibj, acid. nitros. 3vj. Melt the fat and open blisters, issues, & c .
    rub in the acid, gradually, till cold. Ph. E.) UNGUENTUM EPISPASTICUM FORTIUS, Cerate
    Stimulant. Used in itch and other cutaneous of cantharides — u. Epispasticum mitius, U.
    eruptions, and in foul ulcers. lyttæ - u . Epispasticum viride, U. lyttæ medi
    UNGUENTUM Album RESOLVENS, Linimen. catum - u. Flavum, U. de althæa - u. e Gummi
    tum ammoniæ fortius — u . Amygdalinum, Cera-
    tum Galeni .
    elemni, U. compositum-u. Hellebori albi, U.
    veratri .
    UNGUENTUM Antimo'rs. TARTARIZA'Ti , Oint- UNGUEN'TUM HYDRAR'GYRI, U.cæru'leum , U.
    ment of tartarized un'timony. ( Antimon. tar. Neapolita'num . Blue ointment, Cera'tum mer.
    tarizal 3j,adipis suillæ zvij.) If a drachm of curiu'le,Adeps Hydrar' gyro medica'tus, Mercu
    this ointment'be rubbed upon any part, night rial Ointment, Unction, (F.) Onguent mercurid
    and morning , it will excite , in a few days, a ou Napolitain .
    painful pustular eruption . Hence, it is em. The Strong Mercurial Ointment, Unguentum
    ployed as a counter-irritant. This preparation Hydrargyri fortius of the London Pharmaco
    Hydrarg. purif. fbij, adipis
    is also called Ung . Tar tari slibia'ti seu emet'ici, pæia is thus made -
    Ung. e Tartaro stibiato, Adeps Tartarë stibii præparat. Zxxiij, sevi præp.3j. Rub'till the
    medica'tus, Ung. Tartratis Potassa stibiati, globules entirely disappear.
    Pommude d'Autenrieth, Pommade stibiée. The Milder Mercurial Ointment, - Unguentum
    UNGUENTUM ARMARIUM, Hoplochrysma - u. Hydrargyri Mitius, is made by adding, to one
    Arthanitæ , see Arthanita - u. Articulare, Syno. pound of the strong, two pounds of lard.
    via - u . Basilicon flavum , Ceratum resinæ - u. Mercurial ointment is antisyphilitic and dig.
    Basilicon nigrum , U. resinæ nigræ - u. Basili- cutient. It is rubbed on the inside ofthe thigh,
    cum viride, U. subacetatis cupri - u. Cantha- in venereal affections; especially in those cases
    ridis, U. lytlæ. where mercury, given internally, runs off by
    UNGUEN'TUM CERE (albæ vel flava ) Wat the bowels. The stronger ointment is used for
    Ointment. Unguentum simplex , Linimen'tum this purpose. The weaker is employed as a
    simplex, Oil and Bees Wax, (F.) Onguent de dressing, or as an application to cutaneous erup
    cire. ( Ceræ fbj, adipis suille biv. Ph. D. or- tions.
    ceræ 3ij , ol. oliv. Zv.) Emollient. A mild dress. Unguentum HYDRARGYRI Calcis ALBE, U.
    ing. Also, the basis of most of the compound hydrargyri præcipitati albi - u. Hydrargyricom .
    ointments. positum , U.hydrargyri nitratis - u. Hydrargyri
    UNGUENTUM Ceratum, Ceratum Galeni-u. deutoxydi nitrati,U. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi
    Cerussæ , U. oxidi plumbi albi , U. plumbi sub- -u. ex Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum ,
    carbonatis — u. Cerusse acetate , Ceratum Unguentum Oxydi Hydrargyri cinereum .
    UNCUENTUM 712 UNGUENTUM

    UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI Nitra'ris, U. H. night; strain strongly ; boil the fluid with the
    nilrati, U. supernitra'lis hydrargyi, Ointment lard till the humidity is consumed . Add the
    of Nitrate of "Mercury,Citrine Ointment, Bal'. resin and wax ; and, when these are melted,
    samum mercuriulē, Ung.hydrargyricompos'itum ,take the ointment from the fire and add the tur.
    U. mercurialē citrinum , Adeps nilra'tehydrargy: pentine. Ph. L.) It is stimulant and epispas
    Ti medica'tus, Unguentum citrinum ad scabiem , tic ; and is chiefly used for keeping up the dis
    ( F. ) Onguent de nitrate de mercure , 0. citrin charge from a blistered surface.
    contre la gule. (Hydrarg; purif. Zj, acid nitric. UNGUENTUM LYTTE MEDICA'TUM , Adeps can .
    f: 3xj , adipis præp. Zvj, ol oliva, ziv. Dissolve tharidibus medica'tus, Poma'tum seu Unguen.
    the mercury in the acid ; and , while hot, add tum epispas'ticuin vir'ida stimulans acribus,
    the fat and melted lard . Ph . L. & E. ) Green Wis'tering Ointment,( F.) Pommade épis.
    A milder ointment-Ung. Nitratis Hydrargy. pastique verte. ( Pomati vel unguenti cantharid .
    rimitius — is made with triple the quantity of 64 p., unguent. populei 168 p. , ceræ alba , 256 p. ,
    oil and lard . It is stimulant and detergent,and cupri acetat., exi. opii, aa 24 p. Melt the ung.
    is much used as an application to herpes, por populeum , and was, and add, as they cool, the
    rigo, and cutaneous eruptions. The weaker oxyd of copper, cantharides, and opium . Ph.
    ointment is, sometimes, used in ophthalmia P.) Use, same as the last.
    tarei, & c . UNGUENTUM LYTTÆ MEDICA'TUM ALIUD ,
    UNGUESTUN HYDRARGYRI Nit'riCO -OXYDI, Adeps cantharidibus medica'tus alius, Poma'tum
    Ung. subnitra'tis hydrargyri, Ung. Oxydi Hy. epispas'ticum flavum et mitius, Yellow Blistering
    drargyri rubri, Ointment of Nitric Oxyd of Ointment, (F ) Pommade épispastique jaune.
    Mercury, Balsamun ophthalmicum rubrum , Un- (Pulo . cantharid . 120 p . , adip . præp. 1680 p .,
    guentum deulox'ydi hydrary nitrati, Red Pre aquæ 250 p . Melt the lard ; mix in the cantha
    cip'itate Ointment, Golden Ointment, Singleton's rides, and add the water at the same time; place
    Eye Salde, U. Hydrargyri rubri, U. er Hyılrar- the whole on a gentle fire; stir continually for
    gyro oryda'to rubro, V. mercurii rubrum , U. two hours,and add a little water to replace that
    ophthalmicum rubrum, U. subnitra'tis hydrargy which has been evaporated. Pass through linen
    rici.. ( Hydrarg. nitrico-oryd. Zj , ceræ albæ 3ij, and strain . Keep it in a water bath , and add
    adipis præparatæ zvj. Add the oxyd, reduced powdered turmeric, 8 p. Let it cool till the
    to a fine powder, to the melted fat and oil. Ph. superfluous liquid separates; pour off and add
    L.) Stimulant and escharotic. Applied to foul yellow war, 250 p. , Oil of Lemon, 8 p. Ph. P.
    ulcers, to inflammation of the tarsi, &c . &c . A complex preparation .) Use, same as the
    UNGUENTUM EX HYDRARGYRO OXYDATO Ru- last.
    BRO, U. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi - u .Hydrargy. An ointment, not very philosophically com
    ri oxydi rubri, U. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. bined, was used by Dr. Physick, which is
    UNQUENTUM HYDRARGYRI PRÆCirita'TIALBI, known by the name of " Dr. Physick's Issue
    U. submuria'tis hydrargyri ammonia'ti, Unguen. Ointment.” It is made by boiling halfan ounce
    tum ad scabiem Zelleri, U.mercurid'le album , V. of powdered cantharides in two ouncesof rose
    mundif'icans Zelleri, Ointmentofwhiteprecipi. water, and evaporating until one half the fluid
    tate, Ung. e mercu'tio præcipita'to, Ung.calcis hy is driven off, having previously added 15 grains
    drargyri albe (Hyd. præcip .alb. 3j , udipis suil- of tartar emétic . The decoction is to be strained,
    la ziss. Melt the fat, and add the precipitate. and three ounces of olive oil, an ounce and a
    Phi L.) Detergent. Used in cutaneous erup-half of white war, and one ounce of sperma
    tions, to destroy vermin , &c . ceti added to it, and the mixture then boiled till
    UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI ROBRI , U. hydrar. all the water is evaporated .
    gyri nitrico -oxydi — u. Hydrargyri subinuriatis UNGUENTUM MERCURIALE ALBUM, U. hy.
    ammoniati, U. hydrargyri præcipitati albi-u. drargyri præcipitati albi - u. Mercuriale citri.
    Hydrargyrici subnitratis, U.hydrargyri nitrico. num , u . hydrargyri nitratis - u . e Mercurio
    oxydimu. Hydrargyrisubnitratis,U.hydrargyri præcipitato,U. hydrargyri præcipitati albi-u.
    nitrico-oxydi- u. Hydrargyri supernitratis, U. Mercurii rubrum , W.hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi
    hydrargyri nitratis-u. Infusi meloes vesicato. tati
    u. Mundificans Zelleri, U. hydrargyri præcipi
    rii, U. lytte - u . Irritans, U. lyttæ . albi .
    UNGUENTUM LAU'RINUM , Öleum lau'rinum , URGUENTUM Muria'tis HYDRARGYRI Oxy.
    Adeps lauro -medica'lus, Bay Ointment, (F.) On.GENA'TO MEDICA'TUM , Adepsmuria'të hydrargy
    guent ou Huile de laurier. (Fol. lauri, 500 p. , ri orygena'to medicatus, Cyrillo's Ointment, (F.)
    adip. suilla, 1000 p., Bruise in a marble mortar; Pommade de Cyrillo . ( Hydrarg. otymur. p.
    evaporate all humidity by boiling; and add Bay adipis suilla præp: 32 p. Ph.P.) Antivenereal
    berries, in powder, 500 p. Digest and pass and alterative. Used in friction, 38s at a time.
    through linen. Phi P.) Reputed to be corro- UNGUENTUM NARDINUM , see Nardus Indica
    borant and nervine. Ti is simply emollient. u . Neapolitanum , U.hydrargyri- u . Nervinum ,
    UNGUENTUM LENITIVUM, U. de althæâ — u. U. Sambuci-u. Nitricum vel oxygenatum, U.
    Liliaceuin, Crinomyron. acidi nitrosi .
    UNGUENTUM LYTTÆ ,Ung.canthar'idis, V. vesi. UNGUENTUM OPHTHAL'MICUM , Adeps ox'ido
    cato'rium , V. irri'tans, U. ad resica'tu, Blisler. hydrargyri rubro et plumbi aceta'te medica'tus,
    ing Salve, Ung, infu'si meloes resicato'rii, Dint. Regent's Pommade ophthalmique, (F.) Pommade
    ment of Spanish Flies, Ointment of Infusion of ophthalmique. ( Butyr. recent., aq. rosar. ladat.
    Spanish Flies, Unguentum epispas'ticum mi'tius, 44 p ., camphor., oxyd. hydrarg. rubr., acetatis
    Milder blistering Ointment." (Meloēs vesicat.,plumbi aa 0.25 p. Mix intimately: "Ph. P.)
    resina pini, cera flave, sing: p .j, resina liquida In chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva or
    pini laricis, adipis suilla, sing. p. ij , aquæ bull. tarsi.
    p. iv . Macerate the flies in the water for a UNGUENTUM OPHTHALMICUM, U. oxidi zinci
    UNGUENTUM 713 UNGUENTUM

    impuri - u. Ophthalmicum rubrum, U. hydrar. Ph. L.) Uscs, the same as the Ceratum resina
    gyri nitrico -oxydi. or Yellow basilicon , (q. v .)
    UNGUENTUM Ox'ıdı HYDRARGYRI CINE'REI . UNGUENTUM RESINE Pini SYLVESTRIS Com .
    Adeps seu Unguentum ex hydrargyro milius dic- Pogitum , U. de althæa—u. Resinosum , Ceratum
    tum cinereum , Ointment of gray oride ofmercu- resinæ flave . Resumptivum , U. de althæa.
    ry, (F.) Onguent gris. ( Oxyd. hydrarg.ciner. p . UNGUENTUM— u SAMBU'c i , Ung. sambu'cinum ,
    j, adipis suille , p . iij. Ph . E.) Properties like Green ointment, Unguentum nervinum, Elder
    the mercuri ointmen
    al t. It is not much used . ointment, (F.) Onguent de sureuu . ( Sambuci
    UNGUENTUM Ox'ıdı PLUMBI Albi, Ung . ce for. Ibij, adipis præp. Ibij. Boil . Ph. L. f . D.)
    Tus'sæ , Ung. album , Ung :, subuceta'tis plumbi, Emollient.
    Ointment of white oride of lead, White ointment. UNGUENTUM SATURNINUM , U. plumbi super.
    (Ung. simplicis, p. v.onyd . plumb. alb. p.j. Ph . acetatis — u. Sabinæ , Ceratum sabinæ - u . ad
    E. PP. ) Cooling and desiccative. · Applied Scabiem Zelleri, U. hydrargyri præcipitati albi
    to excoriated
    and burnt surfaces . - 4. Siinplex, Ceratum Galeni, U. ceræ - u .
    UNGUENTUM Ox'ıdı Zincı IMPO'ri , Unguen- Solidum de cicutâ, Emplastrum cicutæ- u .
    tum tu'tiæ , Ung.ophthalmicum, Eye Salde, Adeps Spermatis ceti, U. cetacei.
    ox'idi zinci medica'tus, Tulty ointment , Ointment UNGUENTUM SUBACETAʼtis Curri, Ung de .
    of impure oride of zinc. (Linim. simpl. p . v , ter'gens, Ung, basilicum vir'ide, Ung. aru' ginis,
    oryd. zinc. impur. prep., p . j, Ph. E. ) Generally Balsamum rir'ide, Ointment of subacetale of
    used in ophthalmia tarsiand atonic ophthalmia .copper, Ver'digris ointment. (Ung resina , p.xv;
    UNGUENTUM Picis LIQUID , Ung. Picis, Ung subacet. cupri, p. j . Ph. E.) Detergent and
    e Pice , Tur Ointment. (Picis liqnid ., scri pre escharotic .
    par., sing. Ibj. Melt and strain through linen. UNGCENTUM Sul'phoris, Ung. e Sulph'urē,
    Ph. L.& D.) Stimulant and detergent. Used Sulphur ointment. (Sulph. sublim . ziij, adip.
    in tinea capitis, and other cutaneous eruptions. prap. Itiss . Ph. L.E. D ) Used chiefly in itch
    UNGUENTUM Picis Nigræ, U. resinæ nigre-- and some herpetic affections.
    u . Acetatis plumbi, Ceratum plumbi superaceta- UNGUENTUM SULPuuris Compos'tum, Com
    tis -- u. Plumbici carbonatis, U. plumbi subcar. pound Sulphur Ointment, Itch Ointment, Un
    bonatis — u. Plumbi oxydicarbonati, U. plumbi guentum intipsor'icum , Jackson'sItch Ointment,
    sybcarbonatis—u. Plumbi subacetatis, U. oxidi Pommade antipsorique de Jasser . ( Sulph. sublim .
    plumbi albi. tbss, veratri rad . contus. 3ij, potassa nitrat. zj,
    UNGUENTUM PLUMBI SUBCARBONA'Tis, Cera'- saponis mollis ibss. Ph. L) Use, the sameas
    tum de Cerus'sâ, Ing. album, V. album simpler, the last ; but it is more stiinulating.
    U, Carbond'tis Plumbici, U. Cerus'sa , U. Or'ydi UNGUENTUM SUPHURA'TUM AD SCABIEM ,
    Plumbi Carbona'ti. ( F.) Onguent blanc de Rhazes, Adeps sul'phurē et ummo'nive muria'lē medica'
    0. de Cerusse , O. de Tornumira . (Ceruss, pulv . tus. ( Adipis, 120 p. sulph. lot. 60 p., ammoniæ
    p. 1 , adip. suillæ, p . 15. Mix. Ph. P. ) Chiefly muriat., alumine sulphat. aā 4 p. , fiat unguen
    tum . Ph . P.) Antipsoric.
    used as a dressing for burns.
    UNGUENTUM PLUMBI SUPERACETA'Tis, U. Bailey's Ítcu OINTMENT is composed of
    accta'tis plumbi, Ointment of sugar of Lend, Un. olive oil, lard, nitre, alum , sulphate of zint , and
    guentum Suturninum , U.cerus'sue aceta'ta, Bal'. cinnabar , scented with oil of aniseed, oil of
    samum universu'le. ( Olive oil , ibss, whitewar, origanum , and oil of spike, and coloured with
    Giss, superacetate of lead, Zij.) Cooling, desic. alkanet root.
    cative. Called , also, Balsamum Saturninum , UNGUENTUM SulpuunATUM ALCALINUM AD
    Butyrum Satur'ni, Linimen'tum plumba'tum , Po. SCABIEM , Adeps sulphurë ft carbona't? Potasse
    ma'lum satur'ni, Ung . triphar'macum . medica'lus, Helmerick's Alcaline Sulphu'rated
    UNGUENTUM Populrum , Aleps papae'rrē, hy. Itch Ointment. ( Adip. præp. 800 p .,sulphur. lot.
    oscyamo, et belladon'nâ meilicu'ius. (Fresh buds 200 p ., carbonat. potass. pur. 100 p., fiat. ung.
    of the Populus nigra , 500 p ., macerated in adeps Ph . P.) Use , same as the last .
    suilla prep. melted, 1500 p . for 24 hours. Pre- Bateman's Ilch Ointment resembles this . It is
    serve this. Again, take black poppy leares, bel coloured with cinnabar and scented with essence
    ladonna,hyoscyamus,black nightshade, āá 129 p.; of bergamot.
    bruise in a mortar with the former preparation ; UNGUENTUM SUSinum , Crinomyron - u. Tar
    boil until all the humidity is evaporated, and tari emetici, U. antimonii tartarizati - u . Tar
    strain. Ph . P.) Anodyne. Applied to local in- tari stibiati, U. antimonii tartarizati ---u . e Tar
    flammations, hemorrhoids, sore nipples, cancer, taro stibiato, U. antimonii tartarizati — u. Tar
    &c . Green elder ointment is often sold for this. tratis potassæ stibiati, U.antimonii tartarizati
    UNGUENTUM POPULEUM , see Populus. u . de Terebinthinâ et adipibus, U. elemi com
    UNGUENTUM Potas's.x. HYDRIODATIS, Oint, positum - u . de Terebinthinâ et cerâ , U. de
    ment of lydri'odate of Poluss. ( Ilydriodate of althæâ — u. Terebinthinæ et ovoruin vitelli, U.
    potass 3ss , hog's lard Ejss.) Half a drachm of digestivum simplex -- u. Tetrapharmacum , Ba
    this ointment is rubbed on scrofulous glands, silicon , U. resinæ nigre - u. Tripharmacum , U.
    goître, & c . plumbi superacetatis - v . Tutiæ , U. oxidi zinci
    UNGUENTUM Pulvis MELOES VESICATORI .impuri - 11. ad vesicota, U. lytta - 11. ad vesica
    Cerate of cantharides - u .Resinæ flava , Ceratum toria , cerate of cantharides— u . Vesicatorium,
    resina flavæ . U. lyttæ -- u . Oxidi zinci, U. zinci .
    UNGUENTUM REsI'N E NGRN, Ung, resina UNGUENTUM VERA'TRI, Unguentum kellebori
    nigrum , Ung . basilicon nigrun, Ung: tetra- albi, White hellebore ointmeni. (Veratr. rad.
    pharm'acum , Black Basilicon, Black resin oint- cont. Zij . adipis præp. Zviij , olei limon. git.. xx .
    ment, Unguentum picis nigre . ( Resin . nigr ., Ph . L.) Used in cases of itch , where sulphur
    ceræ flava , rosina flav. ää, äix, olei olivæ ibj.lis objected to. It is not equally efficacious.
    90
    UNGUIS 714 URETHRA

    The principal ingredients in the EDINBURGH UREA , Uren , Uren'ium , Uricum , ( F. ) Urée.
    OINTMENT are white hellebore and muriate of Same etymon. A white, pearly, brilliant sub
    ammonia . inodorous , and of
    stance , in transparent plales ,
    UNGUENTUM ZINCI , Ung. og'idi zinci, Zinc a cool taste ; very soluble in water ; de
    Oinlment. ( Zinci oryd. 3j,adipis præparut. 3 vj liquescent, and soluble in alcohol. It exists , in
    Ph. L.) Use, the same as thatof the Unguentum great quantity , in the urine ; and is an essential
    tutiæ . part of it. It has been used as a diuretic . Dose ,
    UNGUIS , Hippocampus minor , Nail , Ptery- gr. xv to Oj.
    gion - u . Odoratus, Blatia Byzantia. URECYCHYSIS, Urechysis,from ovpor,'urine,'
    Unguis, Os, Os Lachryma'le. A small,quadri- and exquois,' effusion .' ' Effusion of urine into
    lateral, very thin , and semi-transparent bone, the cellular membrane.
    which has been compared to a human nail, and UREDO , Urticaria .
    is situate at the interior and inner part of the URÉE, Urea .
    orbit. It aids in the formation of the lachrymal UREMA, Urine.
    gutter and the nasal duct. It is articulated with UREN , Urea .
    the frontal, superior maxillary, ethmoid, and the
    URENIUM , Urea.
    inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a URE'SIS, Uri'asis, from oupar, ' to void the
    single punctum ossificationis. urine.' The act of passing the urine.
    ÜNITING BANDAGE, (F. ) Bandage unissant URETER . Same etymon. Urana , Vena
    A bandage for bringing the edges of a wound alba renum, Cana'lis ner'teus fistulo'sus renum ,
    inlo approximation . The arrangement of such Ductus seu Ductor Urina , Vas urina'rium, ( F.)
    a bandage differs according as the wound is Vretère. A long , excretory canal - membranous
    transverse or longitudinal. and cylindrical — which conveys the urine from
    UNGULA CABALLINA, Tussilago . the kidney to the bladder. It extends, obliqnely ,
    UNGULÆ PALPEBRARUM. See Tarsus between the pelvis of the kidney , with which
    UNIO, Pearl. it is continuous, and the Bas fond of the blad.
    UNIOCULUS, Cyclops. der, into which it opens. It enters at the pos
    UNOCULUS, Borgne , Cyclops. terior and inſerior part, for some distance, be .
    UPAS. A word , used in the Archipelagos tween the coats , and opens into the cavity of
    of Molucca and Sunda , and signifying Vege, the bladder, at the posterior angle of the Tri
    table Poison , Ipo , Bohon Upas, Boa Upas , and gone résical.
    Pohon. Antiar, Boon Upas. A substance used The ureter is formed of an exterior, white ,
    by the natives of those places for poisoning opaque, and fibrous membrane; and of an inner,
    their arrows. The smallest quantity is capable which is mucous.
    of destroying the largest animal. The tree, URETERALG'IA, from ovortrp, ' the ure
    which produces it , is said to be the Antiaris ter, ' and anyos, ' pain.' Pain in the course of
    Toxica'ria . Another species of upas , the U. the ureter.
    Tieuté, is the produce of a Strychnos. Many URETERE , Ureter.
    idle stories are told regarding the upas ; most of URETER'ICUS. An epithet to ischury,
    which are fabulous. & c . arising from an affection of the ureter.
    U'R A CHUS, Upracus, Urinac'ulum ,from URETERI'TIS . Inflammation of the ure
    ovgor , ' urine,' and eyo , I contain .' ( F. ) Ou- ter. Generally caused by calculus .
    raque. The urachus , in certain animals, is a URETERO -LITH'ICỦS, from ovorire , the
    longmembranous canal, which arises from the ureter,' and 21905, ' a stone.' An epithet ap
    bladder, makes its exit from the abdomen by plied to ischury or other affection caused by a
    the umbilicus, and terminates in the pouch stone in the ureter.
    called allantois. According to Sabatier , this is URETERO -PHLEGMAT'Icus, from overtre , the
    the arrangement of the urachus in the human ureter,' and disyua, ' phlegm or mucus . Any
    fætus; but Bichat and other anatomists con- affection caused by mucus accumulated in the
    sider , that when the canal exists in the human ureter.
    fætus , it is a malformation . They regard it as URETERO- PY'icus , from overtog, the ureter,'
    a kind of suspensory ligament of the bladder, and rvor,' pus.'Anepithet applied to affections
    extending froin the top of that organ to the um caused by the presence of pus in the ureter.
    bilicus ; and, at the umbilicus,confounded with URETERO- STOMAT'icus, from Quartie, the
    the abdominal aponeuroses. ureter ,' and otopa, ' orifice . ' That which is
    URACUS , Urachus . dependent upon obstruction of the orifice of the
    URANA , Ureter. ureter.
    URANE , Urinal. URETERO - THROMBOI'Des, from overtis, ' the
    URANISCOPLAS’TICE, from ovparroxos, ureter,' goou Bos, ' grumous blood,' and sidos,
    ' the roof of the mouth ,' and niaorixoş , forming .' |' resemblance ,' Ischury , from grumous blood
    The operation of engrafting in cases of deficien- in the ureter.
    cies of the soft palate . URE'THRA , oror9na , Cana'lis seu Mea'tus
    URANISCOS , Palate. seu Ductus urina'iius, Urias, Ure'tra, Fistula
    URANISKORRHAPHIA , Staphyloraphy. urinaria , Iter urina'rium ; ( F.) Crèthre, Crètre ,
    URANORRHAPHIA , Staphyloraphy. from oupov, urine .' The excretory duct for
    URAS , Urate. the urine, in both sexes ; and for the sperm , in
    URATE , Uras ; from orpor, ' urine .' A ge- man. In the latter, it is 10 or 12 inches long ;
    neric name for salts, formed by the combinution and extends from the neck of the bladder to
    of uric acid with different bases. the extremity of the penis, in which its exter.
    URATE OF Soda is found in arthritic calculi : nal aperture is situate. In the male urethra ,
    - Urale of Ammo'nia in some calculi. three portions are distinguished :-) . A Prosta .
    URÈTHRE 715 URINARY

    tic portion, near the bladder, aboutan inch and calculi. It is often deposited from the urine,
    a quarter in length , which traverses the pros in health . See Calculi, Urinary.
    tate gland : -- 2. A membranous portion , from 8 URICUM , Urea .
    to 10 lines long, which is separated from the URICUS , Urinary.
    rectum by the cellular tissue only : -- 3. A URINA GENITALIS , Sperm-u . Mucosa,
    spongy portion, which expands , anteriorly , to Cystirrhæa - u . Vaccæ , Urine , cow's.
    form the glans, and which commences at the URINACULUM , Urachus, Urinal .
    bulb of theurethra. Before opening externally , URINÆ PROFLUVIUM , Diabetes-u . Sup
    the canal has a dilatation, called the Fossa or pressio, Ischuria - u. Stillicidium , Strangury
    Fossicula navicularis . On the interior of the u . Substillum , Strangury.
    urethra two wbite lines are perceptible - the U'RINAL, Urinato'rium , Chernil'ium , U'ranë,
    one above , the other below. The latter com- Ure'tris , Urinuc'ulum , Urodochi'um . A name
    mences at the verumontunum ; and at the sur- given , 1. To certain vessels, used to pass the
    face of this, the cjaculatory ducts and prostatic urine into. 2. To reservoirs , of differeni shapes
    ducts open. The urethra is lined , in its whole and character, which are adapted to the penis ,
    extent, by a mucous membrane ; on which are in cases of incontinence of urine , and which
    seen , particularly at the - bulb , the orifices of a are intended to receive the urine as it flows off.
    number of follicular ducts , called Sinuses of URINARIA , Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon
    Morgagni. taraxacum .
    The arteries of the urethra are numerous , U'RINARY , Urina'rius, U'ricus, Ureticus.
    and proceed from the internal pudic , -the That which relates to the urine.
    largest branches entering the bulb . The veins The URINARY PASSAGES, ( F. ) Voies urinaires.
    follow the course of the arteries. The lym- The aggregate of canals and cavities, intended
    phatics pass into the inguinal and hypogastric to contain the urine and convey it externally.
    plexuses. The nerves come from the pudic . These ways are composed of excretory ducts ,
    and gluteal. which form the tubular portion of the kidney ;
    In the female , the urethra is only about an of calices ; pelvis ; ureters ; bladder ; and urethra.
    inch long. It is wider than in man and sus . URINARY CalcuLI. The calculi, which form
    ceptible of great dilatation . It is very wide at in the urinary passages . See Calculi, Urinary.
    its commencement; and descends obliquely The URINARY BLADDER, Vesi'cu Urina'ria ,
    forwards, to terminate at the top of the exter- Cystis, (F.) Vessic. A musculo -membranous
    nal aperture of the vagina, by the mca'tus uri. reservoir , intended for the reception of the
    narius. In its course, it is slightly curved , urine, until the accumulation of a certain quan
    the concavity being for vards. tity solicits its excretion . The bladder is situate
    URETHRA, Blind Ducis OF THE, see Cæcus in the hypogastric region , between the rectum
    -u. Mucous lacunæ of the, sec Cæcus. and pubis, in man ; and between the pubis and
    URÈTURE, Urethra . vagina, in the female . Its upper region is not
    URETIR !TIS, Gonorrhæa. covered, except by the peritoneun posteriorly.
    URETHROPHRAX'IS, from overgna , ' the From its centre arises the urachus. Its lower
    urethra,' and opadow , ' Iobstruct.' Obstruction region is bounded, anteriorly, by the prostate,
    of the urethra . in inan ; and rests on the vesiculæ seminales
    URETHROPLAS’TIC , Urethroplas'ticus ; and rectum . In the female , it corresponds to
    from ovprigoa , “ the urethra , and whasoo , • 1 the vagina . The lowest portion of this region
    form ,' An epithet given to the operation which bears the name Bas-fond. The anterior sur
    supplies defects in the canal of the urethra, face of the organ is not covered by peritoneum .
    through which the urethra escapes. It is attached to the symphysis pubis by a fibro .
    URETHRORRHAGIA , from ouorana ,' the cellular expansion called the anterior ligament.
    urethra ,' and cryrumi, ' I break out. ' Hemor The posterior ligaments are duplicatures of the
    peritoneum on its posterior surface, which ex
    rhage from the urethra . - Frank . iend from this surface to the rectum , in the
    URETHRORRHEA, from ouagoa, ' the male,and to the uterus, in the female. The
    urethra,' and now , ' I flow .' A discharge from bladder is composed of a serous membrane,
    the urethra . formed by the peritoneum ;-of a muscular
    URETHROTOME, from over9oa, ' the ure membrane; of a somewhat thick layer of cel.
    thra ,' and Teuvor, ' I cut.' An instrument,so lular tissue ; and is lined , on its inner surface
    called by Le Cat, with which hedivided the by a mucous membrane, which is, sometimes,
    skin , and laid open the urethra, in the opera. raised up, here and there, in long prominences
    tion for lithotomy. or columns by the muscular fibres beneath . To
    URETHRYMENO'DES, from ovengoa, ' the this condition, the French anatomists give th'
    urethra ,' and VI,T', ' a membrane .' That term - vessie à colonnes. In the Bas-fond the
    which is caused by a membrane, formed in the two ureters open , and the urethra commences ;
    urethra. and the iriangular space , which the apertures
    URETICUS , Diuretic , Urinary. of these three canals leave between ihem , is
    URETRA , Urethra. called , by the French, the Trigone vésical or
    URÈTRE , Urethra. Vesical Triangle, Trigo'nus Lieulau'di. In the
    URETRIS, Urinal. orifice of the urethra , which is also called the
    URIAS , Urethra . neck of the bladder, there is , at its lower part,
    URIASIS , Lithia , Uresis . a more or less prominent tubercle, which is
    URIC ACID , Acidum U'ricum , Lithic Iciil . forined by the anterior angle of the Trigone
    An acid which exists in human urine, and resical, and is called the Vesical urula, (F.)
    which constitutes the greater part of urinary Luette vésicale.
    1

    URINATORIUM 716 URINE

    The arteries of the bladder proceed from the disease ; but it has been considered a matter of
    hypogastric, umbilical, sciatic , middle hemor more importance than it merits. Some em
    rhoidal, and internal pudic. Its veins, which pirics have presumed to pronounce on the na
    are more numerous than the arteries, open into iure of a disease by simply inspecting the urine.
    the hypogastric venous plexus. Ils nerves See Uroscopy .
    emanate from the sciatic and hypogastric plex . Human URINE was , at one time , considered
    uses; and its lymphatic vessels pass into the aperient; and was given in jaundice , in the
    hypogastric ganglia. dose of one or two ounces .
    URINATORIUM , Urinal. Cow's Urine, Urina raccæ, Allflower water,
    URINE , Uri'na, U'ron, Vre'ma, Lotium , Lot, was once used , warm from the cow , as a purge,
    Lapis au'reus. An excrementitial fluid ; se in the dose of ibss .
    creted by the cortical part of the kidneys ; fil- Urine has been variously designated by pa.
    tered through their tubular portion ; poured thologists, according to its appearance, &c.;
    gultatim froin the apices of the tubular papillæ for example :
    into the pelvis of the kidney ; and transmitted CRUDE URINE, ( F.) Urine crue. Urine that
    by it to the ureters ; which convey it slowly , is thin , transparent, and but little coloured ,
    but in a continuous manner, into the bladder, affording neither cloud nor deposite. Urine con
    where it remains deposited , until its accumula- CYSTINIC URIN E , Caustina ria .
    tion excites a desire to void it. The excretion taining cystine or cystic oxide in solution , or
    of the fluid takes place through the urethra ; as a deposite .
    and is caused by the action of the abdominal DIABET'ıc Unine, Melitu’ria . Urine passed
    muscles and diaphragm and the contraction of in Diabetes mellitus. It does not contain , ap
    the fibro coat of the blad
    us .
    der parently , either urea or uric acid , except in ac
    Urine is transparent; of a citron -yellow co- cidental cases; but has a large quantity of sugar,
    lour: of a peculiar odour, and of an acid, saline , analogous to that of the grape, which may be
    and slightly bitter taste. That which is passed , separated in the form of crystals. In other re
    a short timeafter taking fluid , is less coloured , spects. the urine is very abundant and very
    and less odorous and dense than that which is limpid in that affection .
    voided 7 or 8 honrs after eating. The first is called Drop'sical URNE is an ammoniacal urine,
    by the French , Urine de la Boisson, Urine from often containing much albumen and scarcely
    drinks: - the latter Urinede la digestion ,Urine dela any urea .
    coction , Urine cuite, Cocted urinc, Urine of diges. Dyspep'tic Urine has been found to precipi.
    tion. According to the analysis of Berzelius,urine tate tannin abundantly , and to soon putrefy.
    contains, in 1000 parts, 933 of water, 30.10 of Floc'CULENT URINE, ( F.) Urine floconneuse,is
    urea, 3.71 of sulphate of potass, 3.16 ofsulphate of when the fluid is troubled by flocculi, suspended
    soda, 2.94 of phosphate of soda, 4.45 of muriate in it.
    of soda, 1.65 of phosphate of ammonia, 1.50 of Gouty Urine , ( F. ) Urine des goutteur, con
    muriate of ammonia, 17.15 of free lactic acid, tains much phosphate of lime, and, after severe
    lactate of ammonia united with an animal mat- attacks of gout, precipitates a mixture of the
    ter soluble in alcohol and an animal inatter in- uric and rosacic acids .
    soluble in that agent:-1.00 of earthy phos- Hyster'ICAL URINE is clear, colourless, and
    phate , with an atom of lime, 1.00 of uric acid , similar to the Urine de la Boisson .
    0.32 of mucus of the bladder, and 0.03 of silica . Icter'ICAL URINE contains bile .
    There are found in it , moreover, albumen , sul URINE OF INFLAM'MATORÝ DISEASES. This
    phur, &c. Its average specific gravity is about is, generally ,small in quantity and very high
    1.015. coloured .
    The quantity passed by the adult in the 24
    hours varies. On the average it may amount by URINE JUMENTEUSE , (F. ,) a term used ,
    the French, for ammoniacal urine, rendered
    to two pounds and a half . turbid by a substance similar to small grains of
    Sometimes, the urine, in health and disease, dust, which causes it lo resemble the urine of
    exhibits appearances, that have received special herbivorous animals .
    names. Thus, that which is characterized by MUKY URINE , ( F. ) Urine lactescente ou lai
    a deficiency of solid matters generally , has been leuse . White and troubled urine.
    called Hydr'urin , ( v:80p, water,') by a defi. Mucilag'isous URINE , ( F. ) Urine épaisse.
    ciency of urea, Anazotu'ria , (ar, privative , and
    slzote,) by a superabundance of vrea, Azotu'rin. Urine
    Urine, in which the deposite consists of lithic
    containing much mucus.
    Nervous URINE. Thin and very liquid urine ;
    acid , and the lithates, has been termed Lithu'ria : such as is passed shortly after the attack of ner.
    and that in which the deposite consists of the vous diseases.
    earthy and earthy -alkaline phosphates, Cera- URINE OF Nervous Fevers is generally very
    mnu'ria, (xepanos, potter's earth ,' & c. & c. At thin ; and often deposites a mixture of uric and
    times, a pellicle forms on the surface ( Cremor rosacic acids.
    urina ) which consists of mucus and some salts : Oily URINE , (F.) Urine huileuse, is that
    at others, there is a cloud , ( Nubecula , nubes) which pours like oil, or which has an oily pel
    towards its upper part, which is called Encore . licle at its surface .
    ma when it is suspended , as it were , about the Oxalic Urine , Oxalu'ria . Urine containing
    middle of the liquid. Occasionally, there is a a salt of the oxalic acid .
    sediment, to which the names Hypos'tasis , Scdi PHOSPHORESCENT URINE, Phosphoru’ria .
    incn'tum , & c . have been given . (See these Urine which is luminous or phosphorescent.
    various words . ) Pur'Puric URINE , Porphuru'ria . Urine con
    The urine is often deserving of attention in taining purpuric acid and its salts.
    URINE 717 UTERINE

    Rick'ETY URINE contains much phosphate of UROSCOPIA , Uromantia .


    lime, UROʻSES , from ovpov, urinc. ' Diseases of
    Tuin Urine, ( F. ) Urine ténue . Urine that is the urinary organs.- Alibert.
    transparent, slightly coloured, and but little URTICA, Ü. Dioica ; the Common stinging
    dense. nettle, Adicē, ( F. ) Ortie. Family , Urticeæ.
    URINE ARDENTE, Ardenturine - u . de la Sex. Syst . Monecia Tetrandria . This plant
    Boisson , Urine , hysterical , see Urine - u . de la has been long used for medical and culinary
    Coction , see Urine - u . Crue, Urine , Crude - u. purposes . The young shoots , in the spring,
    Cuite, see Urine - u. de la Digestion , see Urine are considered to possess diuretic and antiscor
    -u. Épaisse, Urine, mucilaginous — u. Flocon- butic properties.
    neuse , Urine , flocculent - u.des Goulteur , Urine , URTICÀ Dioica , Urtica—u. Iners magna
    gouty- . Huileuse , Urine , oily — u. Inconti- fætidissima , Galeopsis - u . Mortua, Lamium
    nence of, Enuresis-u . Involuntary discharge album-u. Pilulosa, U. Pilulifera- u . Roman ,
    of the , Enur - u . Lact
    esis , U.
    escente u
    milky - . U. Pilulifera .
    Laiteuse, Urine , milky - u. sandy , Arenosa urina Urtica Pilulif'ERA , Pill-bearing Nettle , U.
    -u. Stoppage of, Ischuria -- u .Tenue, U. thin . Pilulo'sa , U. Roma'na, (F. ) Ortic Romaine. The
    URINIF'EROUS, Uriniferus, from ovpov, seed was formerly given in diseases of the chest.
    urine , ' and pegw, ' I carry. That which car- Nettles have been used as stimulants to para
    ries urine . lytic limbs .
    The URINIF'EROUS TUBES OR Ducts Of Bel- Urtica Urens, (F.) Ortic brulante. A lesser
    LI'Ni , Tu'buli vel ductus urinif'eri Belli'ni , Bel- variety of the nettle , possessing similar virtues.
    lenia'ni Ductus, Bellenia'no Fistule , are the URTICA'RIA , from urticu , ' a nettle ;' En
    collection of small tubes, converging from the anthe'sis urticu'ria, Ure'do, Scarlati'na urtica'ta ,
    cortical part of the kidney to the apices of the Febris urtica'ta , Pur'pura urticata, Febris rubra
    papillæ . prurigino'sa , Sallans rosa, Nettie rash ; from
    URINODES, Urinous . urti'ca, ' a nettle,' because the eruption re
    URINOM'ETER , Urinom'etrum , from ovpor , sembles that produced by the stings of a nettle.
    urine,' and ustpor, measure . ' A hydrometer A disease, distinguished by those elevations of
    for taking the specific gravity of urine. the cuticle called wheals. They have a white
    URINÕUS, Urino'sus, Urino'dles. Having the top , and are often surrounded by a diffuse red
    character of urine . Similar to urine. ness. They excite intolerable itching, espe
    UROCRASIA , Enuresis. cially when the person is warm in bed The
    UROCRISTA , OvqoXp101a ,from ovpor,'urine,' eruption frequently goes and comes, once or
    and zorro , ' I judge.' Urocrite'rion , oupoxpitn- more in the 24 hours,and is generally dependent
    prov. A judgment formed either of the urine, upon gastric derangement. In somepeople, net
    or of disease after inspecting the urine . tle -rash is induced by shell- fish , eggs, nuts, &c .
    UROCRITERION , Urocrisia . It is not, usually , a disease of any consequence,
    URODIALYSIS , from ovnov, urine,' and and its treatment is limited to the use of absor
    deciuris , ' dissolution , loss of strength .' A par- bent laxatives, and some general means. Wil.
    tial and temporary suspension of the function lan has described six varieties of the complaint;
    of the kidney, such as occurs in the course of -the Urtica'ria febri'lis, U. eran'ida, U. perstans,
    most acute diseases. U. confer'ta, U. subcuta'nea , and U. tubero'sa .
    A condition of the function of the kidney URTICARIA PORCELLANA , Essera .
    and of the urine, similar to that observed in URTICA'TIO , from urtica , ' a nettle.' A
    acute diseases, but without local mischief or sort of flagellation , with nettles ; -used with
    preceding inflammatory fever, has been termed , the intention ofexciting the skin .
    when occurring in children , Urodialysis Neo- URUCU , Terra Orleana.
    natorum ; in the aged , Urodialysis Serum.- USNEA , Lichen saxatilis.
    Schönlein . USTILAGO , Ergot.
    URODOCHIUM , Urinal. USTIO , Burn .
    URODYN'IA , from ovpor , urine,' and ofurn, USTION , Ustio, Causis, from uro , ' I burn .'
    pain .' Pain during the excretion of the urine. The act of burning, or of applying the actual
    UROLITHI, Calculi, urinary . cautery . Also, the effect of cauterization ;-a
    UROLITHIASIS, Lithia . burn .
    UROLITHOLOGʻIA ; from ovoor, ' urine,' USTULATIO . An operation by which a
    2100s, ' a stone,' and loyos , ' a description .' A substance is dried by warming.
    description of urinary calculi . USUS, Habit.
    UROLITHOTOMIA , Lithotomy UTER , Uterus.
    UROMANTIA , from oupor, urine ,' and UTERI ANTEVERSIO , Hysteroloxia ante
    Marteia , ' divination .' Uroscopia. The art of rior - u . Convulsivusmorbus, Lorind matricis
    divining diseases by simple inspection of the u. Coryza , Leucorrhæa - u. Flexio, Hysterolo
    urine. One professing to be able to do this is xia - u. Inclinatio ,Hysteroloxia - u .Obliquitas,
    called Uromantes. Hysteroloxia - u . Pronatio, Hysteroloxia ante
    UROX , Urine . rior -- u . Pruritus, Nymphomania - u. Reflexio
    URONO L'OGY, Uronologia , from oupor, completa, Hysteroloxia posterior - u. Retrover
    surine,' and doyoș , ' a description . The part sio , Hysteroloxia posterior — u. Rheuma, Leu
    of medicine which treats of ihe urine . corrhæa - u. Versio incompleta, Hysteroloxia.
    UROPYGION , Coccyx . UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria .
    UROPYGIUM , Croupion. U'TERINE , Uteri'nus, from uterus, ' the
    URORRHAGIA , Diabetes. woinb.' That which belongs or relates to the
    URORRHEA , Enuresis. wonib .
    UTEROGESTATIO 718 UVEA

    The UTERINE ARTERY, Arte'ria uterina lupo , called Uterine Sinuses. Its nerves proceed from
    gus'trica, in size is always in a ratio with the the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses. Its lym
    greater or less state of development of the phatic vessels are very multiplied ; and during
    uterus. It arises from the hypogastric, either pregnancy acquire enormous dimensions . The
    separately or with the umbilical, or froin the changes experienced by the uterus during ges
    internal pudic. It passes upon the lateral partstation, and after delivery, are very numerous
    of the vagina, to which it gives branches ; and and important to be known. They regard its
    afterwards ascends on the sides of the uterus, situation, direction , size , shape, texture, con
    and divides into a considerable number of very nexions, vital properties, &c .
    tortuous branches, which enter the tissue of the UTERUS, Abdomen - u. Anteversion of the ,
    organ, Hysteroloxia anterior - u . Hourglass, contrac
    The Uterine MUSCLE OF Royscu consists of lion of the, Chaton - u . Inclinatus, Hystero
    some fleshy fibres at the fundus of the uterus, loxia.
    which he regarded as forming a particular Uterus, IRRITABLE, Neuralgia of the uterus.
    muscle . A disease characterized by deep-seated pain in the
    UTEROGESTATIO , Pregnancy. lower part of the abdomen , and in the back and
    UTEROMANIA , Nymphomania . lojns ; generally diminished by lying down ,
    and increased by exercise, and more severe
    U " TERUS, Cter, Ctric'ulus, Icci, Loci mulie', for a few days preceding and during menstrua
    vres, Vulru , Venter , Arrum natu'ræ , Conceptac- tion.
    utum, Mutrir, Ager nature, Hystera, Metri , Ste On examination per raginam , the uterus is
    ra, An'gos,Delphys, the Wombi (F.) Matrice, Sien . found to be tender on pressure ; and the cervix
    The uterus,-destined to lodge the fætus from and body slightly swollen , but not usually in
    the commencement of conception till birth ,- durated .
    is a hollow , symmetrical organ , having the It is an obstinate affection , but frequently
    shape ofa trunčated conoid : it is situate in the ends of itself after years of suffering.
    pelvis, between the bladder and the rectum , The treatment must be, - the horizontal pos
    above the vagina, and below the convolutions ture ; local blood -letting to the uterus ; emol.
    of thesmall intestine. The uterus is flattened lients ; socthing injections ; narcotics, warm
    from before to behind, and is nearly an inch in Laih , & c .
    thickness . It is two inches broad, in its highest Uterus, INVERSION OF TIE , Inversio Uleri,
    part, and becomes parrower towards thevagina; Metrunas'trophe
    , Adopto'sis Uteri inversa, ( F.)
    terminating in a contracted portion ,called the Inversion de la Matrice, Rentersement de la Ma
    cerrix or neck ;-to distinguish it from the rest trice. The uterus, displaced and turned inside
    of the organ , called the body. out. This can only happen through want of
    From its fundus or upper portion the Fallo- caution on the part of the medical practitioner.
    pian tubes pass off. The mouth is called 08 It is a fatal accident, unless speedily reduced.
    Uteri or Os Tince . The cavity is very small , This must be done by gradually returning the
    and its parietes are thick . The portion of the superior part, by grasping it with the band, and
    cavity , corresponding with the body, is triangu- making the rest follow.
    lar and flattened. lis superior angles present UTERUS OBLIQUUS, Hysteroloxia - u. Retro
    the extremely fine orifices of the Fallopian version of the , Hysteroloxia posterior.
    tubes. The cavity of the neck is slightly dilated UTERUS, RUPTURE OF THE , Metrorthez'is ,
    before opening into the vagina. Ruptu'ra Uteri, Perfora'tio Uleri , Lacera'tion of
    The uterus is composed , 1. Of a serous mem- the Womb, (F.) Rupture de la Matrice. This
    brane. This is external, and furnished by the dreadful accident occurs during labour , and is
    peritoneum ; which is reflected upon the uterus known to have taken place, when the child's
    from the posterior surface of the bladder and head suddenly recedes during a pain , with
    the anterior surface of the rectum . It forms, vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold sweats, & c.
    also, the broad ligaments of the uterus, Liga: When it is evident that this has occurred, the
    men'ta lata , Ale respertilio'nis. These contain , hand must be passed into the uterus, and the
    above , the Fallopian tube ; beneath and ante . feet of the child be brought down .
    riorly , the round ligaments ; and, behind , the Cases are on record , in which partial lacera
    ovary. They are two membranous productions tions of the uterus have healed , and the patient
    or duplicatures of the peritoneum , sent from the has done well. This is a rare event, and not to
    edges of the uterus and posterior extremity of be anticipated.
    the vagina,in a transverse direction, to be fixed UTRICLE . See Semicircular canals.
    to , and to line, the side of the pelvis. 2. Of a UTRICULUS, Uterus- u . Lacteus, Recepta
    mucous membrane , which is a prolongation of culum chyli.
    that of the vagina , and extends into the tubes . UVA , Uvula , see Vitis vinifera — u . Ursi, Ar
    3. Of a proper tissue, whose thickness is con- butus uva ursi .
    siderable . It is of a close texture ; is grayish UvÆ CORINTHIACÆ , see Vitis Corinthiaca .
    and elastic ; and resists the instrument that Uvæ PassÆ , Dried Grapes, Raisins. See
    divides it. Its intimate nature is but little Vitis Vinifera.
    known. During gestation it is truly mus- Uvw PassÆ MAJORES, see Vitis vinifera - u .
    cular . Passæ minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca - u . Pas
    The arteries of the uterus proceed from the sæ solē siccatæ , see Vitis vinifera.
    spermatic and hypogastric. Its veins follow UVATIO , Ceratocele, Staphyloma.
    UVEA , from Ura, “an unripe grape.' Tu'nici
    the same course , and bear the same naine as the
    arteries. They are very lortuous, and form acino'sa, seu acinifor'mis, seu uru'lis , seu acina'
    large sinuses in the parietes of the organ,-- I lis seu urifor'mis, Rhagii’dles, Rhoz, (F.) Vrée.
    UVÉE 719 VACCINATION
    Some anatomists have given this name to the the velum palati. The uvula has a conicalshape,
    choroid coat of the eye ; others, to the posterior and is of a greater or less size in individuals.
    surface of the iris , on account of the black and It is formed, especially, by the mucous mem .
    very thick varnish that covers it. brane of the velum palati ; and contains, within
    UVEA , COMMISSURE OF THE, Ciliary ligament. it, the azygos uvulæ muscle. Its use is not
    UVEE, Uvea . clear.
    UVIGENA , Uvula. UvULA, VESICAL, see Urinary bladder.
    UVIGERA , Uvula . U'VULAR, Uvularis, from u'vula. That
    U'VULA , Pinnaculum fornicis guttura'lis, which belongs to the uvula.
    Ura, Staph'yle, Tintinnal'ulum ,Columella, Cion , The Uvular Grands are small follicles, be
    Ci'onis, (q . v .) Garga'reon , Colum 'na oris, Gur- longing to the mucous membrane covering the
    gu'lio, Intersep'tum , Processus seu Cartilago uvula .
    U'vifer, Uvi'gena, Uvi'gera, Pap of the Throat, UVULARIA , Ruscus hypoglossum .
    (F.) Luette. A fleshy appendix or prolongation, UVULI'TIS , Angi'na utularis, Staphyli'tis.
    which hangs from the middle or free edge of Inflammation of the uvula.

    V
    V.

    VACCINA, Vaccin'in , Vari'ola taccina, V., 11th or 12th day : the surface of the vesicle then
    vaccinica , Eranthema vaccina, Syn'ocha tac- becomes brown in the centre ; and the fluid , in
    cina, Vacci'ola tera, Vacci'na anticariolo'sa, the cells, gradually concretes into a hard,
    Vacciola scutellata, Vari'olæ tulo'riæ , Coupor, rounded scab, or crust, of a reddish brown co
    Kine Pock, Inoc'ulated Coupox, Em'phlysis lour, which at length becomes darker , con
    vaccina inscr'ta, from vacca , the cow ,' (F.) tracied, and dry, but is not detached till three
    Vaccine. The cow-pox is a disease of the cow , weeks after vaccination. It leaves a permanent,
    arising spontaneously, which, if transmitted to circular cicatrix , about five lines in diameter,
    man by means of inoculation , preserves him and a little depressed ; the surface beingmarked
    from small- pox contagion . with very minute pits or indentations, denoting
    The promulgation of this valuable property the number of cells, of which the vesicle had
    of the vaccine virus is due to Dr. Jenner. been composed .
    When inoculating for the small- pox in Glou . This is the progress of the genuine coro -poz.
    cestershire, in 1775 , he was surprised to meet At times, fever occurs about the 9th or ilth
    with a number of persons in the same district, I day ; but , at others, not the slightest indisposi.
    in whom the insertion of the virus produced no tion is felt. Aberrations from this progress
    effect; although they had never passed through occur, which must be attended to ; as the same
    the small- pox. On investigation ,hefound that preservative influence is not exerted by irregu
    all these persons had previously been affected lar or spurious cow-por. If the eruption runs
    by a pustular eruption of the cow , which they speedily to a height; has an aureola too early ;
    had taken, by milking the animal; and which is irregular at its edges; and contains pus, in
    eruption they called Cow -por. This discovery stead of a limpid Auid ,-it cannot at all be de
    induced him to institute experiments,and he pended upon.
    found that such preservative effect actually Small- pox occurs , at times, as an epidemic,
    existed. after vaccination . For a time , the enthusiastic
    The Vaccine Virus , or the fluid of the erup- advocates of vaccination would not admit the
    tion,is notnow usually taken immediately from affection to be small-pox; and, accordingly ,
    theiscow
    is ; experience
    nearly having
    as efficacious demonstrated
    when obtained ,that
    from they gave it the name Varioloid, (q. v.) li is
    the human vesicle . unquestionably small-pox, but inodified, and
    The characteristic of cow.pox eruption is:-a greatly
    cinationdivested
    ; and itofisitssaid
    terrors
    to by previous
    happen less vac
    fre.
    semi-transparent, pearl.coloured vesicle, with a
    quently after
    circular or somewhat oval base ; its upper sur inoculation .
    vaccination than after small-pox
    face, until the end of the 8th day, being niore Vaccination is now practised every where,
    elevated at the margin than in the centre ; and
    the margin itself being turgid, shining, and except amongst those in whom ignorance and
    rounded , so as often to extend a little over the prejudice exclude the lights of reason and phi
    line of ihe base. This vesicle is filled with lanthropy. There is ground, however, for the
    clear lymph , contained in numerous little cells , belief , that for full protection , revaccination .
    that communicate with each other. After the may be occasionally necessary.
    VACCINA ANTIVARIOLOSA , Vaccina.
    8th or 9th day from the insertion of the virus,
    it is surrounded by a bright red, circumscribed VACCINATION , Vaccina'tio, from vacca,
    aureola , which varies, in its diameter, in diffe . ' a cow . ' Cow.por Inoculation, Jenne'rian Ino
    rent cases , from a quarter of an inch to two culation. An operation , which consists in in
    inches ; and is usually attended with a consider- serting the vaccine virus under the cuticle, so
    able tumour , and hardness of the adjoining ccl . that it may come in contact with the absorb
    lular membrane . This aureola declines on the erts . It is extremely simple, and requires
    VACCINE 720 VALERIANA

    merely that the point of a lancet should be | Gaine de la Veine-porle, is the cellular mem
    held under the cuticle for a short time. brane that accompanies the divisions of the
    The best time for taking the matter for vac- vena porta into the substance of the liver.
    cination is about the 7th or Sth day , before the Sheath, ( F. ) Gaine , is sometimes applied to
    appearance of the aureola , when it ought to be the fascia enveloping the limbs ; to cellular
    limpid and transparent. The most certain membrane, enveloping the muscles, and enter
    method is , to pass it from arm to arm ; but this ing between their fibres; to that which sur
    is not always convenient ; and , hence , it is rounds the blood vessels ; to the synovial mem
    taken upon points or pieces of quill, or between branes surrounding tendons, and lining the
    glasses. It must, of course , be softened for use . gutters of bones , & c.
    This is done by means of a little water, which Vagina GlissonII , Capsule of Glisson - v.
    does not destroy its efficiency . The scab, too , Muliebris , Vagina - ý. Nervorum , Neurilema
    which falls off about the end of three weeks- 1 -v. Penis, Vagina - v. Portæ , Capsule of Glis
    sooner or later- is capable ofcommunicating the son - v . Uterina, Vagina .
    affection , if dissolved in water ; and this is the VAG'INAL, Vagina'lis, from vagi'na, ' a
    most common method of transmitting the vac . sheath .'
    cine virus in some countries. The Vaginal ARTERY exists, as a matter of
    VACCINE, Vaccina. course , only in the female . It arises from the
    VACCINELLA . A term employed by some hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical, inter
    to designate spurious cow- pox . nal pudic, umbilical , &c ,and sends its branches,
    VACCINIA , Vaccina. first to the lateralparts of the vagina ; and after
    Vaccinu PALUSTRIS, Vaccinium oxycoccos . wards to the anterior and posterior surfaces.
    VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS. The Myrtle The Vaginal Process of the temporal bone ,
    Berry, Vuccin'ia myrtillus, Bilberry, Blea -berry, (F.) Apophyse vaginale ou engainante, Guine de
    Whortle-berry, Black Whorts,Vaccinium nigrum , l'apophyse styloide, Chaton , is a bony crista,
    ( F.) Airelle Anguleuse, Raisin de Bois. Family, which embraces the base of the styloid pro
    Vacciner. Sct. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. cess.
    The berries— Bacca Myrtillo'rum-are esteemed The Tu'nica Vagina’lis , T. Elytroï'des, vel
    to be antiscorbutic, when prepared with vine. Elytro'des, is the serous membrane, which en
    gar. They are also said to possess antiseptic velops the testicles. Before the descent of the
    and subastringent properties, when dried. They testicle, the tunica vaginalis does not exist. It
    are not used in medicine; but are frequently is formed by a prolongation -- furnished by the
    eaten with milk and sugar. peritoneurn to the testicle, when it issues from
    Vaccinium NIGRUM ,V. myrtillus. ihe abdomen - which, subsequently , contracts ;
    VACCINIUM Oxycoc'cos, Örycoccos, Vaccinia and, ultimately , is entirely separated from it,
    palus'tris, Vitis Ida'a palustris, Moorberry, constituting a distinct coat. T'he tunica vagi
    Cranberry, ( F.) Canneberye. The berries are nalis forms a close sac , which is reflected over
    pleasantly acid and cooling. They make an the testicle and epididymis, without containing
    agreeable preserve . them in its cavity. Its inner surface is smooth ,
    Vaccinium Vitis Ive'a, Red Bilberry, Am'- and lubricated by a serous fluid. Its outer sur
    pelos Ida'a, Whortleberry, Couberry, (F.) Airelle face adheres to the fibrous coat, common to the
    ou Canneberge ponctuée. A decoction of the spermatic cord and testicle. This reflected por
    leaves has been used in calculous affections. tion is the Tunica vaginalis testis.
    They are astringent . The ripe berries are VAGINITIS , Leucorrhæa ( vaginal .)
    pleasantly acid, and refrigerant. VAGISSEMENT, Cry , Vagitus.
    VACCIOLA SCUTELLATA , Vaccina. VAGI'TUS , (F.) Vagissement . The cry, ( q.v.)
    of the new -born child . Squalling.
    VACCIOLA VERA, Vaccina . VAGUS NERVUS, Pneumogastric.
    VAGIN , Vagina . VAIRON, ( F.), Dispar oc'ulis . One who has
    VAGINA, 'a sheath .' Vagi'namuliebris seu eyes of differentcolours . It also means a wall.
    uteri'na seu Uteri, Sinus muliebris, S.,Pudo'ris, eyed animal ; or one whose iris is surrounded
    Colpos, Vogi'na Penis, Vulvo -uterine canal, ( F.) by a whitish circle.
    Vagin. A cylindrical canal, five or six inches VAISSEAU , Vessel .
    long ; situate within the pelvis, between the VASSEAUÝ CAPILLAIRES, Capillary ves
    bladder and rectum . It communicates by one sels - o. Chylifères, Chyliferous vsssels -- 0. Lac
    extremily - Aulos - with the vulva; by the lés, Chyliferous vessels - 0. Lactifères, Lactife
    other, with the womb, --the neck of which it rous vessels—v. Ombilicaux, Umbilical vessels.
    embraces. The vagina is lined, internally , by VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica.
    a mucous membrane; and is partly closed, in VALERIAN , GARDEN , Valeriana phu - v.
    young females , by the hymen , and carunculæ Wild , Valeriana.
    myrtiformes . Around the mucous membrane VALERIANA, V. officina'lis, Wild Valerian ,
    is a layer of spongy, erectile tissue ; and a l'aleriana minor, Officinal Valerian. Family,
    cellulo -vascular membrane. A constrictor mus . Dipsaceæ . Ser . Syst . Triandria Monogynia.
    cle ; numerous vessels furnished by the vaginal The root has been long extolled as an efficacious
    artery particularly; veins and nerves, proceed. remedy in epilepsy, and in a variety of nervous
    ing from the sciatic plexus, also, enter into the complaints.It has been also advised as a tonic ,
    composition of the organ . antispasmodic, and emmenagogue. It has a
    The term , VAGINA or SHEATH, Theca , is ex- strong, fetid odour ; bitterish , subacrid , and
    tended to many parts , which serve as envelopes warm taste ; and its virtues are extracted by
    to others. water and alcohol .
    The Vagina or Sheath of the Vena Porta, ( F.)! VALERIANA CELTICA, Celtic Nard, Spica Cel.
    VALERIANE GRANDE ANDE 721 VARICELLA

    tica , S. Alpina, Nardus Celtica, Saliun'ca , Nar- | Val'rula cerebelli seu Willisia'na, Velum intera
    dum Gallicum, Spica Celtica Dioscor'idis, ( F.) jed tum cerebelli, V. apoph'ysi vermiformi obten
    Nard Celtique. The roots of this Alpine plant tum, Lacunar ventriculi quarti superior, Velum
    have been recommended as stomachic , carmi- medulla're seu medullare anti'cum. ( F.) Valvule
    native and diuretic. It has a moderately strong de Vieussens,Voilemedullaire supérieure. A thin ,
    smell ; and a warm , bitterish , subacrid iaste. medullary lamina, over the under end of the
    VALERIANA MAJOR, V. phu - v. Locusta , V. Aquæductus Sylvii , and upper part of the 4th
    dentata-v. Minor, Valeriana - v . Officinalis, ventricle. At the sides of the valves are two
    Valeriana. medullary tracts , called Processus ad Testes,
    VALERIANA Pho, V. major, Garden Valerian, Columna Valvulæ Vieussenii, or Oblique inter
    (F.) Grand Valériane. The root has been re- cerebral Commissure.
    commended in rheumatism ; especially in scia- VALVULA WILLISIANA , V. Vieussenii.
    tica , and in epilepsy, &c . VALVULÆ CONNITEN’TES ; numerous circular
    Valeriana DENTATA , V . locus'ta , Corn Salad. folds in the intestinal canal from the pyloric
    1 A wholesome, succulent plant, cultivated in orifice through the greater part of the smalt
    Europe as a salad . It is antiscorbutic and gen- intestine. They are folds of the mucous meni
    tly aperient. brane ; and their chief use appears to be, to
    VALERIANE GRANDE , Valeriana phu. retard the course of the alimentary mass, and
    VALET À PATIN , ( F.) Volsella Pati'ni. to afford a larger surface for the origin of chy
    The common ligature forceps is a modification liferous vessels.
    of this instrument invented by one Patin. It VALVULÆ EPISCOPALES, Mitral valves - v .
    consists of two branches,united at the middle Triglochines, Tricuspid valves -- v . Trisulcæ ,
    by a hinge, which may be separated or ap- Tricuspid valves.
    proximated by means of a screw or running VALVULE, Valve - 0 . d'Eustache, Eusta
    ring . It is nised for seizing hold of vessels that chian valve - 0. de Pylore, see Pylorus ~ 0. de
    are to be tied . Vieussens, Valvula Vieussenii.
    VALETUDINARIUS , Sickly. VALVULES SIGMOIDES OU SEMILU
    VALETU'DINARY, Valetudinarian, Valetu- NAIRES, Sigmoid valves.
    dinarius, from raletudo ,' health . One of deli- VANELLOE , Vanilla,
    cate health . One subject to frequent diseases. VANIL'LA , Banilia , Banilas, Banilloës, Ba
    An Invalid . nilla , Benzo'ënil, Ar'acus aromaticus, ( F.) Va
    VALETUDO , Sanitas. nille, Buume Vanille, The Vanelloe is a
    VALGUS . See Kyllosis. long, fattish pod ; containing,under a wrinkled ,
    VALIGA , Tinctura jalapii. brittle shell , å reddish-brown pulp , with small ,
    VALLUM. The eyebrow or supercilium , sbining, black seeds. The parasitic plant,which
    (q. v .) . Also, a species of bandage. - Galen .affords this pod, is the Epiden'drum Vanilla.
    VALS, MINERAL WATĒRS OF. A Family , Orchidee . Sex . Syst. Gynandria Dian
    French acidulous chalybeate, at Vals, six dria. Vanelloes have an unctuous, aromatic
    leagues from Viviers, in the department of taste, and a fragrant smell , like that of some of
    Ardèche . There are five springs, containing the finer balsams , heightened with musk . Al
    carbonic acid , sulphate of iron , and alum . They
    though chiefly used as perfumes, they are re
    are employed in passive hemorrhages, leucor puted to possess aphrodisiac virtues,
    rha, đc. VAPORA'RIUM , Almiste'rion, Lacon'icum ,
    VALVE, Valvula, (F. ) Valvule, from colro , Suda'rium , Sudato'rium ; a Vapour bath. A useful
    • I fold up .' A small door. Any membrane or remedy in rheumatic and cutaneous affections ;
    duplicature of a membrane, which prevents a and wherever it is important to relax the cuta
    retiux of humours or other matters in the ves- neous capillaries.
    sels and canals of the animal body . There are VAPORARIUM , Hypocaustum . See Stove .
    some valves, whose functions appear to be , -- to VAPORATIO , Evaporation .
    retard or to modify the course of substances VAPORES UTERINI, Hysteria.
    along canals, & e. See Mitral, sigmoid , tricus- VAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria.
    pid , ileo -cacal talve, & c . VARA , Barre ,
    VALVE Of Fallopius, Bauhin , valve of- VAREC, Kelp — 0. Vésiculeux. Fucus vesicu
    v. Ileocæcal , Bauhin , valve of - v. of Tulpius, losus.
    Bauhin , valve of - v . of Variolus, Baubin , VARENI , Ambulo - fatulentus, Gout (wan
    valve of. dering .)
    VALVES, SEMILUNAR, Sigmoid valves. VARICE, Varix.
    VALVULA , Valve- v . Cæci, Bauhin , valve VARICEL'LA , ( diminutive of Variola , Small
    of - v. Cerebelli, V. Vieussenii - v. Coli, Bau- Pox .) Emphlysis varicella ,Eranthe'ma raricella ,
    hin , valve of - v. Foraminis ovalis, Ovalis fossa Syn'ochus raricella , Chicken por, Variola lym
    -v. Guiffartiana, see Thebesius, veins of — y phatrica, V. spuria , l'ariolæ nothæ, V. illegitime,
    llei, Bauhin , valve of. V. rolat'ice, V. purille, Eoll'ion ,'(F.) Varicelle,
    VALVULA vel Puica SEMILUNA'R13 . A small Pelile rérole volante, l'érolette, A disease, cha
    doubling of the tunica conjunctiva , which lies racterized by vesicles scattered over the body ,
    between the caruncula lachrymalis and the ball which are glabrous, transparent, and about
    of the eye. In birds , this is large, and called the size of peas . They appear in successive
    .Membra'na nictitans vel Palpebra tertia . crops , are covered by a thin pellicle ; and,
    Valvula ThebesII, see Thebesius, veins of about the 3d, 4th , or 5th day from their ap
    -v. Vaginæ , Hymen — v. Venæ magnæ , see pearance, burst at the tip , and concrete into
    Thebesius, valve of. small , puckered scabs , which rarely leave a pit
    ValvuLA VIEUSSE'sII, Velum Vieussenii, in the skin .
    91
    VARICIFORMES 722 VARIOLOID

    Three varieties have, sometimes, been desig. from vari,' pimples.' (F.) Variole, Petite Vérole,
    nated. 1. The V. lentiformes, or lenticular Picote. A disease now of somewhat less in
    chicken por, which are irregularly circular, and terest than before the discovery of vaccination.
    flattened at the top ; the fluid being at first It is of a very contagious nature, and is sup.
    whitish, and afterwards straw - coloured. This posed to have been introduced into Europe
    is the common chicken pox . 2. The Varicella from Asia, at an early period of the middle
    conifor'mis, or Conoi'dal Chicken Poi, Pem'- ages. It is characterized by fever, with pus
    phigus rariolo des, Variola lymphatica ,Hydrach- tules, appearing from the 3d to the 5th day,
    nis, Suine Por, Water Pox, Water Jays, in and suppurating from the 8th to the 10th,and
    which the vesicles are generally acuminated, it possesses all the distinctive properties of the
    and the Auid pellucid throughout; and 3dly, major exanthemata. It is capable of being pro
    the Varicella globularis or Hires, in which the duced by inoculation, (q. V.;) but this inoculated
    vesicles are globular and larger ; the fluid small-por - Variola inserta - communicates the
    being, at first, whey.coloured , and afterwards disease as readily through the air as the natural
    yellowish . small-por, or that received without inoculation .
    These divisions are, however, very arbitrary, Small - pox is distinguished into two classes,
    for they are generally confounded. according to the character of the eruption , the
    Variola has been , sometimes, mistaken for discrete or distinct, and the confluent.
    this disease, and conversely . A little allention 1. In the VARIOLA DISCRETA , Empyesis vari.
    to the history of the eruption in the two affec- ola discreta , Variola discreta benig'na , Variola
    tions will prevent error. Varicella is not con- regulares seu discreta , Distinct Small-Poz, the
    tagious. At times, it prevails epidemically . It pustules are usually of the size of peas ; dis
    cannot be propagated by inoculation. The iinct, distended , and circular ; the intervening
    treatment is extremely simple ; rest, abstinence, spaces being red ; the fever inflammatory
    and the antiphlogistic regimen being all that is , throughout; and ceasing when the eruption is
    generally , required . complete.
    VARICIFORMES PARASTATÆ . A name 2.' in the VARIOLA Con'FLUENS , Empyesis
    given , by some authors, to the ducts of the variola confluens, Variola regula'res confluen'tes,
    epididymis, because they seem knotty and vari- Vesic'ula Diva Bar'bare, Vésicules de Sainte
    cose. Barbe , or Confluent Small- Por, the pustules are
    VARICOBLEPH'ARON , from Varix, and confluent or run together ; flaccid and irregu
    Baevapor, ' eyelid. ' A varicose tumour of the larly circumscribed; the intervening spaces
    eyelid . being pale and the accompanying fever typhoid .
    VARICOCE'LE, from varir, and xran , ' a In children ,diarrhæa, and, in adults, ptyalism ,
    tumour ,' Oschcocele varico'sa , Hernia varico'sa, with swelling of the hands and feet generally
    Ramer varico'sus, Spermatocele, (q . v .) Cirsocele. appear towards the period of the secondary
    A varicose dilatation of the veins of the scro- fever, which occurs from the tenth to the thir.
    tum and spermatic cord . This latter variety of ieenth day . The fever that precedes and ac
    the disease is more common on the left side companies the eruption is called the Erup'tite
    than the right. It appears under the form of a fever . The prognosis is favourable in the dis
    soft, doughy, unequal , knotty, compressible , tinct kind, if properly managed. The confluent
    and indolent tumour, situate in the course of is always dangerous,-the unfavourable symp
    the cord , and increasing from below upwards . toms being-fattening of the pustules, or sub
    It is less , when the individual is in the recum- sidence of the eruption; the breathing becoming
    bent posture, and increases when he is erect. much obstructed or oppressed ; or marks of
    It is, ordinarily, an affection of no moment, inflammatory and congestive affections in the
    and is very common , requiring merely the use different viscera.
    of a proper suspensory bandage. It has been The treatment of the distinct kind is very
    advised, in bad cases, to tie the enlarged vein, simple ; the antiphlogistic regimen , with ca
    but the operation is not free from danger in- thartics , being all that is necessary.
    duced by phlebitis. Sir A. Cooper has pro- The confluent kind requires the same ma
    posed the removal of a portion of the scrotum , nagement
    so as to render the remainder of the scrotum a
    as typhus fever.
    ARIOLA AMBOINENSIS, Frambæsia - v . In.
    natural bandage. This plan has been found serta, Variola (by inoculation )-v. Lymphatica,
    effectual. Varicella-v . Spuria, Varicella - v. Vaccina ,
    VARICOMPH'ALUS , from varix, and Vaccina.
    ou pados, 'the umbilicus.' Varicose tumour of VARIOLÆ , Variola - v. Illegitimæ, Varicella
    the umbilicus ; cirsomphalus, (q . v. ) -v. Modificata , Varioloid- v. Notha , Varicella
    VAR'ICOSE , Varico'sus, (F.) Variqueur, af. -v. Pucillæ , Varicella - v.Tutoriæ, Vaccina
    fected with varix ; or belonging to, or connected v. Volaticæ, Varicella .
    with , varix ;-as a raricose rein , (q. v .;) a cari. VARIOLE , Variola.
    cose ulcer, i. e . one kept up by rarices. VARIOLI, Variola.
    VARICOSITAS CONJUNCTIVÆ , Cirs- VARIOLI's BRIDGE, Pons Varolii .
    ophthalmia. VAR'IOLOID , Vurioloi'des, Variolæ modifi
    VARIC'ULA, Varir parva. A diminutive ca'te, from rari'ola , small-pox, and ados, ' form ,'
    of varir . Also, a varicose swelling of the veins -resembling small.pox. This is , really, small
    of the tunica conjunctiva.- M . A. Severinus. pox , modified by previous inoculation or vac
    VARIOLA, Variolæ , Varioli, Small-Poz, cination ; and hence ithas been properly called
    Empye'sis Variola , Euphlogia ,Chaspē, Æolec'- modified small- por. That it is small-pox is
    thyma, Por (N. of England) Pestis variolo'sa, proved by the fact, that matter, taken from a
    Febris rariolo'sa ; from varius, ' spotted,' or varioloid pustule, will communicate small-pox
    VARIQUEUX 723 VEIN

    to one who has never had it naturally or by in, and the pulmonary artery and its branches,
    oculation, or who has never been vaccinated . and is finally lost in the capillary system of the
    It is, almost always , a milder disease than lungs . See Circulation.
    small-pox ; and this circumstance , with its VASE À SAIGNER, Cup.
    shorter duration, cxhibits the salutary effects VASTUS. That which is cast or has a great
    of previo vaccination . It has appeared epi- extent.
    demically. The Vastus EXTERNUS and V. INTERNUS are
    VARIQUEUX, Varicose . two considerable, fleshy masses , which form
    VARIX, Phlebeurys'ma, Hernia seu Ectasia part of the Triceps Cruris, (q. v .)
    vena'rum , Angiecta'sia veno'sa, Iria, Cirsus, VAULT, (old F. Voulte ,) Fornit, Cam'era,
    Varicose Vein , (F.) Varice, is considered, by ( F.) Voûte. A name given by anatomists to
    some , to come from the verb rariare, ' to turn ,' several parts which are rounded superiorly ; con.
    "varicose
    to twistveins
    ; '-on. account of the sinuosities of
    Dilatation of a vein .
    cave and arched inferiorly,—as the Vault of the
    cranium , or the upper part of the skull, - the
    Varices are owing to the retardation of ve- Palatine vaultor roof of the mouth, &c. &c.
    nous circulation ; and in some cases, to relaxa- VAUQUELINE, Strychnina.
    tion of the parietes of the veins. They are VECTIS, Lever - v. Elevatorius, Elevator
    very common in the superficial veins of the v. Triploides, Elevator, triploid .
    lower limbs, especially of pregnant females. VEGETA’TION, Vegeta'lio. A morbid part,
    The tumour or tumours , formed by varices, are which rises as an excrescence in syphilis ,& c .-
    soft, knotty , unequal, indolent,and livid ; with as the Cauliflower ercrescence, &c. The term
    out pulsation, and yielding readily to the im- is, also, applied to the fleshy granulations or
    pression of the finger; but returning as soon as Hypersarcoses, which sometimes arise at the
    the compression is discontinued. Sometimes, surfaces of wounds or uloers.
    the vein bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage. VEHICLE , Vehic'ulum , Oche'ma, (F.) Ve.
    The treatment is usually palliative , and con . hicule , from ve'here, to carry .' Any thing
    sists in exerting a uniform and constant pres. which serves to carry ; thus, air is the vehicle of
    sure upon the part, by means of an appropriate sound ; the arteries are the vehicles of the blood.
    bandage. The radical cure haz, also , been ob- In Pharmacy , the name vehicle is given to any
    tained by extirpation , division of the vein , or excipient ; or to substances which serve as the
    ligature. The second course is apt to be fol. media of administration for any medicine.
    lowed by phlebitis. VÉHICULE, Vehicle .
    VARŮS, Ionthus . See Kyllosis. VEIN , Vena, Phlebs, Phleps, (F.) Veine. The
    VAS, Vessel-y . Deferens mulieris, Tuba Fal- veins are vessels for the conveyance of black
    lopiana— v . Urinarium , Ureter. blood from every part of the body to the heart.
    VASA LACTEA , Chyliferous vessels— . They are found wherever there are arteries ;
    Sedalia, Hæmorrhoidal vessels. and , altogether, form the venous system, which
    VASA Vasoʻrum. Small vessels that supply may be subdivided into two distinct secondary
    larger. However minutely we trace a vessel, systems. 1. The General venous system , which
    we always find its parietes supplied with blood commences in all the organs, by very minute
    for its nutrition by a smaller vessel . radicles ; and terminates in the heart by the
    Vasa VORTICO'sa , (F.) Tourbillon vasculaire. vena cava and the coronary vein . 2. The Ab
    The contorted vessels which creep on the dominal venous system , which is limited to the
    choroid coat of the eye , ciliary veins, (q. v .) abdominal cavity ; commences, also, by a great
    VASCULAR , Vascula'ris, Vasculo'sus. That number of branches,and terminates in theliver
    which belongs or relates to vessels ; -arterial, by a single trunk , which subdivides in that
    venous, or lymphatic ; but generally restricted organ. It is called , also, the System of the Vena
    to blood-vessels only. Bichat gave the name— Porta, or the Portal System. See Porta.
    Vascular system - to the blood -vessels, and of The veins form two sets, one deep -scated ,
    this he made two divisions . Vene satellites, V. concom'ites, which accom
    1. The Arterial System or System of red blood, pany the arteries; the other superficial or sub
    (F.) Système rasculairc à sang rouge, which cutaneous. Their parietes , which are thinner
    "commences with the radicles of the pulmonary than those of the arteries, are composed of two
    veins ; and includes the pulmonary veins, the coats ; the one, external, loose , extensible, and
    left cavities of the heart and the aorta, with all with parallel , longitudinal fibres — the proper
    its ramifications. The blood , in this system , is membrane; the other, the common or inner
    distributed to the general capillary system , membrane, which is thin , polished, and has nu
    where it loses its arterial quality and becomes merous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic
    venous . valves. These valves are most numerous in
    2. The Venous system or Vascular system of the veins of the lower extremities. The coats
    black blood , (F. ) Système vasculaire à sang noir, of the veins are supplied with small arteries or
    carries the venous blood from every part of the rasa vasorum , veins, and lymphatics. They
    system to the lungs. It takes its origin in the have not as many nervous filaments as the
    general capillary system ; continues in the arteries. These filaments are from the great
    veins, right auricle, and ventricle of the heart sympathetic.
    VEIN 724 VELOSYNTHESIS

    TABLE OF THE VEINS. 1. Right Bron

    Axillary
    chial.
    1. VEINS WHICH FORM THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA.

    ,1.hich
    4. Vena Azygos, which receives the 2. Intercostal

    Receive
    Receives the 1. Posterior ulnar. Veins .
    formed 2. Anterior ulnar. 3. Semi-azygos.

    w
    1. Basilie,

    the
    of the 3. Median basilic .
    2. Cephalic, forming í 1. Superficial radial. 2. VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAYA.
    the 2. Median cephalic. 1. Femo
    3 Circumflex veins. ral or
    4. Inferior scapular. Crural,
    5. Long thoracic . which is
    6. Superior thoracic . a conti .
    7. Acromial veius. nuation
    1. Pterygoid . of the
    2. Spheno palatine.
    External
    Receives the 3. Alveolar
    Jugular

    1. Internal maxilla . 2. Popli


    4. Infra - orbitar . Receive the teal , 1. External Saphena,
    ry , composed of 5. Mental. 1. External CON and
    the
    2.

    6. Inferior dental . Iliacs , for- inencing 11. Several


    .

    7. Deep temporal. med by by 3 abdomi.


    1. Middle temporal. the veins
    2. Internal nal veins .
    2. Superficial Tem- 2. Anterior auricu . which 2. Circum
    poral , coinposed Jars . accom Saphena , flex Iliac,
    which re
    of the 3. Transverse of the pany the and
    ccive

    Common
    face . fibular 3. Exter
    3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then arteries, nal pudic

    Iliacs
    takes the name of External Jugular, and re . Veins .
    and, in its course along the neck , re ceiving

    1.
    Subclavians

    .
    ceives - the
    4. Cervical Cutaneous.
    5. Trachelo.scapular, & c. 11. Dorsal veins of
    Receives 1. Vesical the penis , in the
    1. Superior Cerebral 2. Internal Veins, com- male .
    .1.

    Veins. Iliac,which mencing with 2. Veins of the


    2. Veins of the Cor . receives the clitoris, in the le
    pus Siriatura . tie male .
    3. Veins of the Cho . 2. Sacro - lateral
    roid plexus. Veins .
    4. Superior Cerebel 3. Middle Sacral Vein .
    lar Veins.
    5. Interior Cerebel 4. Lumbar
    ber on eacVeins
    h side,--four in.num
    commen cing. , 1.2. Dor
    Abdominal
    sal bra. nch.
    branch
    Jar Veins . by an
    6. Lateral and in 1. Spermatic plexus , in the
    Internal
    Jugular

    ferior Cerebral 5. Spermatic Veins, male .


    Veins . commencing with 2. Ovarium , Fallopian
    1. Lachrymal. the tube, &c. in the fe .
    3.

    2. Central of the re male .


    .

    tina . 6. Renal Veins.


    7. Ophthalmic Vein , ) 3. Infra - orbitar. 7. Capsular and Adipose Veins.
    composed of the 4. Ciliary, 8. Hepatic Veins.
    5. Ethmoidal. 9. Middle ,
    6. Palpebral, and 10. Leſt, and Hepatic Veins.
    7. Nasal , Veins. 11. Right
    1. Palpebral, and 12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in num
    2. Superciliary Veins. ber .
    3. Dorsals of the nose .
    3. VEINS OF THE HEART.
    Coro
    8. Facial Vein , call- | 4. Superior. naries 1. Great right Coronary .
    ed angular , near ; 5. Interior,
    the eye , receiv .
    ing the
    {
    of the
    lip .
    6. Several Buccal and
    2. Small right Coronary .
    3. Len Coronary Veins.
    4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORTA.
    7. Masseteric Veins .
    8. Ranine. Receives the
    9. Submental, and 1. Veins which correspond to the
    10. Juferior Palatine . vasa brevia .
    9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins. 2. Right and lent gastro - epiploic .
    10. Superior thyroid . 1. Splenic Vein . 3 Duodenal, and
    11. Occipital, and 4. Pancreatic veins .
    12. Veins of the Diploë . 5. Coronary Vein of the Stomach ,
    2. Right Internal Maminary Veini. and
    3. Inferior Thyroid Vein , opening into the Vena Cava, 6. Small mesenteric vein .
    between the two Subclavians. 2. Superior Mesenteric Vein .

    VEIN , BRONCHIAL, LEFT,- v.seeFrontal,


    Azygos-
    V. Demi-azygous, see Azygous see phalic vein - o. Radiale cutanee, Cephalic vein,
    0. Trachélo - sous - cutunte, Jugular vein , external.
    Facial vein- v . Seni-azy gous, see Azygos , VEINES ARTERIELLES, Arterial veins
    (vena,) - v. Superior intercostal , left, see Azy. 0. Sous-clarières, Subclavian veins.
    gos - v . Tibio -malleolar, Saphena , great-v. Pa- VEINS , CORONARY , Cardiac veins- v.
    lato -labial, Facial vein - v. Peroneo -malleolar, Supra-hepatic, Hepatic veins.
    Saphena minor- v . Varicose , Varix.
    VEINE, Vein - 0 . Care, Vena cava—0. Cé. VELAMENTA BOMBYCINA, Villous
    phalique, Jugular vein, internal - 0. Céphalique membranes.
    du pouce , Cephalic vein of the thumb - 0, C'u- VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE , Perito
    vitale cutanée, Basilic vein - v . Fessière, Glu- næum - v. Corporis cominune, Integument.
    teal vein -0. Porte , Porta vena-0 . Prélombo. VELIR , Erysiinum .
    thoracique, Azygos , (vena,)-0. Préparute, Ce . VELOSYNTHESIS , Staphyloraphy.
    VELUM 725 VENTRICLE

    VELUM , V. pendulum palati - v. Apophysi synonymous with syphilitic, and also with sy
    vermiformi obtentum , Valvula Vieussenii - v . philis. Some authors have proposed that those
    Interjectum cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. diseases should be called venereal, which are
    Medullare anticum , Valvula Vieussenii. produced by excess in venery ; and that syphi.
    VELUM MEDULLA'RE INFERIUS, (F.) Voile litic should be limnited to those which are the
    médullaire inférieur. A name given, by Reil, result of impure connexion.
    to the medullary band or strip , by which the VENEREAL DISEASE, Syphilis.
    cerebellum communicates with the medulla. VENÉRIEN , Venereal. This term , also,
    VELUM Palati , V. pendulum palati-v . Pala- means one labouring under syphilis ; as Hô
    tinum , V. pendulum palati . pital des rénériens.
    VELUM Pes'DULUM Pala'ti , Velum , Velum VEN'ERY . Same etymon . The pleasures
    Palati'num , Volum Palati, Velum Pendulum , of love. Sexual communication . Coition , (q.v. )
    Velum Staphyli'num , Claustrum Palati, Soft VENIMEUX , Venomous .
    Palate , Palatum Molle, Septum Staphylin , ( Ch .,) VENIN , Venon .
    ( F. ) Voile du Palais. A movable, soft, and VENOM , Venenum , Tor'icum , ( F. ) Venin .
    broad septum , attached to the posterior extre- A poisonous fluid, secreted by certain animals,
    mity of the palatine arch , and separating the as the viper, in a state of health, and which
    inouth from the pharynx. Its form is nearly they preserve in a particular reservoir, to use
    quadrilateral. Its anterior surfacecorresponds as a means of attack or defence. It differs
    to the mouth ; the posterior to the pharynx. from virus, as the latter is always the result of
    Its superior edge is fixed to the palatine arch ; a morbid process , may be produced by the in
    the inferior is free , floating, and has an appen- dividuals who receive it, in their turn, and be
    dix at its middle- the urula . The lateral mar- transmitted to others .
    gins of the velum are held down by two folds, Venom , QUICKENING , Sperm - v.Vital, Sperm .
    separated from each other by a triangular space ; VENÄOMOUS, Venenu'lus, ( F.) Venimeur.
    these are called the pillars ; the anterior passes An epithet applied to animals which have a
    to the base of the tongue, the posterior to the secretion of venom , as the viper, rattlesnake,
    sides of the pharynx. The velum palati is &c. , and , also, to liquids, in the animal body,
    formed of a mucous coat, which contains nu . which have been so perverted by previous dis
    merous follicles, and of a muscular stratum , ease , that their contact occasions serious mis
    in which are the peristaphylini interni and chief in sound individuals ; as happens in hy.
    p. externi muscles, the glosso -staphylini, the drophobia .
    pharyngo -staphylini and the palato - staphyli- VENOUS SYSTEM , ABDOMINAL, Porta
    nus. vena-- v. System , see Vascular.
    The arteries of the velum palati are furnished VENT, Wind.
    by the internal maxillary, ihe labial and the VENTER , Uterus - v. Imus, Abdomen , Hs
    superior pharyngeal. Its veins open into the pogastrium - v. Inferius, Abdomen-v. Medius,
    internal jugular . Its nerves are sent off from Thorax - v. Parvus, Hypogastrium - v. Pro
    the ganglion of Meckel , and come from the pa pendens, Hysteroloxia anterior - v.Renum , Pel
    latine branches. The glosso-pharyngeal nerve, vis of the kidney - v. Superius, Cavum cranii.
    likewise, sends it some filaments . VENTEUX , Windy .
    Velum StaphyLINUM , V. pendulum palati- VENTILATION , Ventila'tio ; from ventus,
    v. Vieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii . wind . ' The act of renewing the air of vessels,
    VENA , Vein , Penis—v . Alba renum , Ureter hospitals, and apartments , or ofsituations where
    —v . Alba thoracis,Thoracic duct-v. Apoplec. many people are collected together. The utility
    tica, Jugular vein , internal- v . Arteriosa , Porta of such renewal must be evident, when it is
    vena - V . Capitis , Cephalic vein-v. Cubiti in- considered that atmospheric air loses its oxygen
    terior, Basilic vein -- v. Falcis cerebri, Sinus during respiration, and that carbonic acid sup
    longitudinal inferior - v . Lactea, Porta vena , plies its place. Stagnant air, also , becomes
    v. Magna, Porta vena - v. Medina Arabum , loaded with numerous impurities ; and hence
    Dracunculus - v. Ostiaria, Porta vena - v. Pari one of the greatest hygienic improvements, of
    carens, Azygos, ( vene .) - v. ad Portas, Porta modern times, has been a proper attention to
    vena-v . quæ ad Portas est, Porta vena-v. circulation of air. It is, moreover , one of the
    Ramalis, Porta vena - v . sine pari, Azygos, most valuable additions to our stock of thera
    (vena,) — v. Stelechiæa, Porta vena — v. Suba: peutical agents in many diseases.
    laris , V. axillaris. Instruments, used for the purpose of renew
    VENÆ APOPLECTICÆ , Jugular veins-V. ing the air, in ships, apartments, &c . , have
    Concomites, see Vein-v . Galeni, Choroid , been called rentilators.
    (veins,) - v . Lacteæ , Chyliferous vessels - v. VENTOSITÉ, Flatulence.
    Lymphaticæ, Lymphatic vessels-v . Micantes, VEYTOUSES SCARIFIÉES, Cupping with
    (arteries,) see Artery - v. Pulsatiles , (arteries ,) the scarificator.
    see Artery-v . Satellites , see Vein -v. Sopo- VENTOUSES SÈCHES,Cupping, dry.
    rales, Jugular veins - v . Sphagitides, Jugular VENTRA’LÊ CUTA'NEUM , ( F.) Pablier.
    veins . An elongation of the nymphæ in the Bosjesman
    VENEFICIUM , Poisoning. female , which hangs down before the vulva
    VENENATUS, Venomous. like an apron .
    VENENUM , Poison , Venom . VENTRE, Abdomen — 0. Inferieur, Abdo
    VENE'REAL, Vene'reus, Aphrodisiacus, Ve- men— . Resserré, Constipation.
    ne'rean , from Venus, ' the goddess of pleasure.' VENTRICLE , entric'ulus; from venter,
    That which relates to the pleasures of love. In belly .' Literally , a little belly. A name given,
    a more restricted sense , the word Venereal is in anatomy, to various parts.
    VENTRICLE 726 VERATRINA

    The VENTRICLES or The Larynx, Sac'culi | ou aortique, is situate at the posterior and left
    larynga'i, Sinuses of the Larynx, ( F.) Ventricules part of the heart. Its parietes are much thicker
    ou Sinus du larynx, are two depressions in the and stronger than those of the right, owing to
    larynx, comprised between thesuperiorand in its having to send the blood over the whole sys
    tem . The inner surface has the same general
    ferior ligaments.
    The VENTRICLES or the Brain , Ventriculi appearance as that of the right. The Columne
    seu Carila'tes seu Sinus Cer'ebri, ( F. ) Ventri- carnea and Cordæ tendineæ are, however, much
    cules du cerveau , are five cavities in the interior stronger. It communicates with the left auri.
    of that organ , which are distinguished into the cle by means of the Mitral valve ; and from it
    lateral rentricles, middle ventricle, 4th ventricle
    or ventricle of the cerebellum , and 5th ventricle proceeds the largest blood vesselof the
    . the aorta . body ,
    The middle ventricle,or 3d rentricle, ( F. ) Ven- VENTRICLE , PULMONARY, V. right.
    tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate in front of VENTRICULE AORTIQUE, Ventricle ,left
    the pineal gland. It is bounded,above, by the --o. Cinquième, Ventricle, fifth - 0. Droit, Ven
    tela choroidea and the fornix ; below, by a por. tricle, right - 0. Gauche, Ventricle, left - o.
    tion of cerebral substance, which separates it Moyen de Cerceau , Ventricle, middle, of the
    from the base of the cranium ; laterally ,by the brain-o. Pulmonaire, Ventricle, right - o.Qua
    thalami nervorum opticorun; anteriorly, by a trième, Ventricle, fourth.
    VENTRICULES DU CERVEAU, Ventricles
    medullary cord , called the anterior commissure ;
    and, posteriorly, by another medullary cord , of the brain - 0.du Caur, Ventricles ofthe heart
    called the posterior commissure. It communi. -v. Latéraur, Ventricles, lateral.
    cates with ihe lateral ventricles by two open VENTRICULI CORDIS, Ventricles of the
    ings, situate behind the anterior pillar or crus heart - v . Duræ matris, Sinuses of the dura
    of the fornix . mater-v. Majores, Ventricles, lateral - v. Pri
    The LATERAL VENTRICLES, Ventriculi ma- ores, Ventricles, lateral - y. Superiores, Ven.
    jo'res, V. prio'res, V. superio'res, V. tricor'nes, tricles, lateral — v. Tricornes, Ventricles, late
    (F.) Ventricules latéraux, are two in number. ral.
    They are large, and owing to their considerable VENTRICULUS, Stomach , Ventricle — v.
    curvature, occupy a great part of the cerebral Anterior, Ventricle, right- v. Aorticus, Ven
    centre. They are bounded, above, by the infe. tricle, left.
    rior surface of the corpus callosum ; anteriorly , VENTRICULUS Callosus . The gizzard or
    by the curved portion of the same body ; poste. third stomach of the gallinaceous bird. It con 1

    riorly, by a considerable mass of cerebral sub- sists of a double-bellied or digastric muscle ; is


    stance; and, internally, they are separated from lined by a firm cuticle, and forms a kind ofpouch
    each other by the septum of the ventricles, -a depending from the alimentary tube, in which
    medullary plate, which is given off from the the second stomach terminates, and from which
    lower part of the corpus callosum . The lateral the duodenum or Ventriculus succenturiatus is
    ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por sues. In the interior of the gizzard , there are
    tion , the Corpora striatu , Thalami optici, and numerous pebbles, which seen to be destined to
    Tania semicircularis: -- their inferior portion con . aid in the trituration of the food.
    tains the corpus fimbriatum ,cornu Ammonis, &c . The gizzard is an organ of mastication, and is
    The Fourth VENTRICLE, ( F. ) Quatrième ven possessed of great muscular power.
    tricule, is situate beneath the aqueduct of Syl . VENTRICULUS POSTERIOR , 'Ventricle , left - v.
    vius, by which it communicates with the third Pulmonalis, Ventricle, right- v. Primus, Ven .
    ventricle . Itextends from this aqueduct to the tricle, right - v. Secundus, Ventricle, left - v.
    upper part of the medulla ; and is seated in the Succenturiatus, Duodenum .
    substance of the tuber annulare. VENTRILOQUE , Engastrimythos .
    The Fifth VENTRICIE, ( F. ) Cinquième ven- VENTRILOQUIST, Engastrimythos.
    tricule, is the small serous cavity between the VENTROSITA S, Physconia .
    laminæ of the septum lucidum ;-called , also, VENTUS , Wind .
    Fissure or Fossa of Sylvius or Sinus of the septum VEN'ULA , Phlebion . A small vein. Hip
    lu'cidum . pocrates seems to use it in the same sense as
    The VENTRICLES OF THE HEART, Ventriculi Arteria .
    Cordis, (F.) Ventricules du cæur, are two in VENUS , Coition , Cuprum - v. Crystals of,
    number. Cupri subacetas -- o . Cryslaut de, Cupri sub
    The Right VENTRICLE, Pulmonary rentricle,acetas .
    Ventriculus anterior, V. primus, V. pulmona'lis, VER CUCURBITAIRE, Tænia solium-0.
    (F.) Ventricule droit ou pulmonaire, is situate on de Guinée, Dracunculus-v. Luisant, Cicindela
    the fore -part of the heart, the base and apex ---. Solitaire, Bothriocephalus latus, Tænia
    corresponding to those of the heart. In it are solium .
    seen the Columnæ carnea and Cordæ tendineæ . VERATRIA , Veratrina.
    The right ventricle communicates with the right VERATRI'NA , Vera'tria, Ver'atrine. A vege
    auricle by the Ostium venosum , and from it the table alkali, found in the seeds of the Vera'trum
    Pulmonary artery issues. Around the auricu . Sabadilla and in the Veratrum album and Col' .
    lar orifice is a tendinous margin or ring , from chicum autumnale. It is solid , white pulveru .
    which the tricuspid valve is given off. The lent, and inodorous ; of a very acrid taste ; de
    use of the ventricle is to send the blood , by its composable by heat ; very soluble in water, and
    contraction, along the pulmonary artery to the soluble in alcohol. When prepared in the usual
    lungs . manner, it still contains other substances,-Sa
    The Left VerTRICLE, Ventric'ulus aor'ticus, badillin, Vératrin , gum resin of the Sabadilla,
    V. posterior, V. secundus, ( F. ) Ventricule gauche and a black greasy matter . It is extremely
    VERATRINE 727 VERONICA

    poisonous, and is but little used internally in VERGETURES, (F.) from (F.) verge, ' a rod .'
    medicine. Magendie bas given it as an emetic Linear, reddish iinpressions, similar to those
    and drastic in very small doses. Of late , it which would be produced by the strokes of a
    has been recommended to be applied in the rod, and which are seen in some diseases.
    way of friction , or endermically, ( from gr. v to VERJUICE , Ompha'cium , (F.) Verjus. A
    xx, to Zj of lard or cerate ,) in various neuralgic sour kind of grape . Also, an acid liquor pre
    affections. pared from very sour grapes or erab-apples. It
    VERATRINE . See Colchicum autumnale. is principally used in culinary preparations ;
    VERATRUM ALBUM, Helleb'orus albus,although, occasionally, an ingredient in medi
    Elleborum album , Cherbachem , White hellebore, cinal compounds. See Vitis Vinifera .
    ( F. ) Hellébore blanc.
    The root of this common VERJUS, Verjuice.
    European plant is indebled to the Veratrine for VERMES , Worms .
    its properties. It is inodorous ; has a bitterish , VERMICULAIRE BRULANTE, Sedum.
    acrid, and nauseous taste , and is violently VERMICULAR , Vermiform .
    emetic and purgative , even when applied to an VERMICULARIS , Lumbricalis, Sedum.
    ulcerated surface. It is , also , possessed of er. VERMIC'ULUM , Vermyc'ilum . An elixir ;
    rhine properties, and acts, externally, as a a tincture
    stimulant. It is rarely exhibited internally.
    --Rulandand Johnson . , Dracun
    VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS
    Sometimes it is given as a sneezing powder; culus.
    but it operates with great violence. It forms, VERMIFORM , Vermic'ular, Vermicula'ris,
    also, an itch ointment. See Ung. Veratri . Vermifor'mis , from rermiculus, ' a small worm.
    The VERATRUM SABADU'LA, or Subadilla. That which resembles a worm.
    Canis Interfec'tor, Caus'ticum America'num , Ce- The Proces'sus VERMJFORMES, Protuberan '.
    tadilla Hispano'rum , Sevadilla , Hor'deum caus'- tiæ vermiformes, Appendices vermiformes, (F. )
    ticum, (P.) Cecadille. The seeds of this plant Éminences vermiformes du cervelet, are two me
    have been used , mostly, as anthelmintics. Dose , dullary projections, at the surface of the cere
    gr. ij to a child , four years old . It possesses bellum .
    the same general properties as the veratrum The superior ver miform process, Vermis sum
    album . perior cerebelli, is an elongated projection, at
    The VERATRUM Viride, American hellebore, the anterior and middle part of the superior
    Swamp hellebore, Indian poke, Indian Uncus, surface of the cerebellum ;-and the inferior
    Poke weed, Bear weed, Ich weed , Tickle weed , is rermiform process, Vermis inferior cerebelli, is
    indigenous in the swampy districts of almost a somewhat large projection , situate in the
    every part of the United States. Its properties depression at the inferior surface of the same
    are like those of the genus. organ .
    VERBASCULUM , Primula veris. The anterior portion of the superior vermia
    VERBAS'CUM NIGRUM , Black Mullein, form process is elevated , and termed Monti
    Candela regia, Thapsus barba'lus, Candela'ria, culus.
    Lana'ria ; and the Verbas' cum Thapsus, great VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic, Helmintha
    broad -leared mullein, High Taper , Cow's Lung- gogne .
    wort, or Yellow Mullein , (F.) Molène, Bouillon VERMIFUGUS, Anthelmintic.
    blanc . Family, Solaneæ . Sez. Syst. Pentandria VERMILION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru
    Monogynia ,-especially the latter ,-have been brom .
    used as emollients , applied externally , in the VERMILLON DE PROVENCE , Antimonii
    form of fomentation . The large leaves have sulphuretum rubrum .
    been chosen for this purpose . Occasionally, VERMINATIO , Helminthiasis.
    the mucilage, which they contain, has been ex- VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Malis.
    tracted by decoction or infusion ,and adminis- VERMINEUX, Verminous.
    tered in pectoral affections. VERMINOUS, Vermino'sus, (F.) Vermineur.
    VERBASCUM THAPsus , V. nigrum . That which is caused by worms ; as a vermia
    VERBENA OFFICINA'LIS, Verbena, 1nous affection .
    Dichro'mos, Verbena'ca , Periste'rium , Hierobot'- VERMIS BOMBYCINUS , Cornu ammonis
    ane, Herba sacra, Verdain , (F.) Verccine. -v. Cerebelli, Vermiform process — v. Cucur
    Family, Pyrenaceæ . Sez. Syst. Diandria Mo. bitinus , Tænia solium .
    nogynia. A plant, formerly held sacred ; used VERMITIO , Helminthiasis.
    in sacrifices, and suspended round the neck as VERNIX SICCA , Sandarac.
    an amulet. In the form of cataplasm , it is VERNO NIA ANTHELMIN’TICA, Ascari
    said to have relieved obstinate headaches, and cida anthelmintica , Calagirah , Calageri. A
    to have been of service in scrofula. It is not plant, which is indigenous in India. Family,
    used . Compositæ. Ser. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia
    VERBENACA , Verbena officinalis. superflua. It has great celebrity in the East In
    VERBUS , Penis. dies, and is a bitter tonic ; but the seeds are
    VERCOQUIN , Phreni'tis termino'sa. Akind chiefly used as an anthelmintic, in cases of as
    of phrenitis, attributed to the presence of a worm carides and lumbrici in children .
    in the brain ! VÉROLE, Syphilis- o. Petite, Variola — o .
    VERDET, Cupri subacetas. Pelile rotante. Varicella.
    VERDIGRIS , Cupri subacetas ., VÉROLETTE, Varicella.
    VERETRUM , Penis. VERONICA , Veronica officina'lis, Veronica
    VERGE, Penis-o. d'Or, Solidago virgaurea . mas, Thea German'ica , Beton'ica Pauli, Chama'.
    VERGERETTE DE PHILADELPHIE, drys, Male Veronica , Fluellin , Officinal Speed
    Erigeron Philadelphicum. well, (F. ) Véronique, Thé d'Europe. Family,
    VÉRONIQUE 29 VERTEBRAL

    Rhinanthodeæ. Ser. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. divided into seven cervical, twelve dorsal, and
    This plant was once used as a pectoral. five lumbar .
    VERONICA AQUATICA , V. beccabunga. The first cervical is called atlus ; the second ,
    VERONICA BECCABUN'OA , Beccabunga, Ana- aris or vertebra dentata ; and the seventh, vertebra
    gallis aquatica, Larer German'icum , Veronica proëminens.
    aquatica, Cepaa, Water Pim'pernel, Brooklime, The vertebræ are articulated with each other ,
    Brooklime Speedwell, (F.) Véronique cressonee. Those of the back are joined , moreover, to the
    This plant was formerly used in a variety of ribs. The first or atlas is articulated with the
    diseases . It is, however, almost insipid and occipital bone ; and the last lumbar vertebra
    inodorous ; and has been long banished from with the sacrum .
    practice . The cervical vertebræ are developed by nine
    VERONICA Mas, Veronica-v. Officinalis, Ve- points of ossification ; the dorsal and lumbar by
    ronica -- v. Purpurea, Betonica officinalis. eight.
    VÉRONIQUE, Veronica - o. Cressonee, Ve. VER'TEBRAL, Vertebra'lis. That which
    ronica beccabunga . relates or belongs to the vertebræ .
    VERPA, Penis. The VERTEBRAL Column, Rachis, Rhachis,
    VERRE, Vitrum-0. d'Antimoine, Antimonii Notos; the Spine ; the back bone, Acan'tha,
    vitrum . Cari'na , C. hom'inis, Spina dorsi seu vertebra
    VERRU'CA, Ecphyma verruca , Phymato'sis lis , Colum 'na spina'lis, C. vertebra'lis, C. dorsi,
    verruco'sa , a Wart , ( F.) Verrur. A small, hard , Spina, Dorsum , Tergum , Compages Vertebra'
    mammillary tumour, which forms at the sur- rum , Acan'tha , Sacra fistula ,Hicra Syrinr, ( F.)
    face of the skin , and particularly on that of the Colonne vertébrale, Epine du dos, Echine. A
    hands and face. Warts are generally rugous kind of bony column, situate at the posterior
    at the surface ,and broad at thebase ; their roots and central part of the trunk; extending from
    being implanted in the dermis by whitish fila- the head to the sacrum ; flexible in every
    ments, which are dense , semifibrous, and very direction , yet very solid ; and hollowed by a
    numerous . canal called vertebral , which gives it lightness
    Warts may be destroyed by caustic , or re- without diminishing its strength, and runs
    moved by excision. Their vitality is,generally , through its whole length.
    not great . The vertebral coluinn is formed by the su
    VERRUCA Minon, Thymion-v. Palpebrarum , perposition of the vertebre. It represents a
    see Hydatid . pyramid , whose base is below. Anteriorly, it
    VERRUCARIA , Heliotropium Europæum. is convex in the neck ; concave in the back ,
    VERRUE, Verruca. and convex, again , in the lois. Bebind , the
    VERS, Worms. curvatures, are of course the reverse of these.
    VERSION, Turning. There is also , in the dorsal region , a lateral cur .
    VERT DE -GRIS, Cupri subacetas. vature , the concavity of which is towards the
    VERTEBRA DENTATA , Axis . left side.
    VERÄTEBRÆ , Spon'dyli, ( F.) Vertèbres ; Considered as a whole , the vertebral column
    from ver'terë, ' to turn .' This name has been has an anterior or prespinal surface ; a posterior
    given to the bones, which, by their union , form or spinal ; two lateral; a base, and an aper or
    the vertebral or spinal column. The vertebræ top . In the nomenclature of Chaussier , the
    are short, thick, very angular bones ; twenty- anterior surface, in the neck , is called trache
    four in number, and situate one above another. lian ; in the back , predorsal ; and , in the loins ,
    The body of the vertebra is the middle and an- prelumbar. The dorsal surface has , at its mid
    terior portion. Above and below, it is articu- dle, the spinous processes; and, at its sides,
    lated , by means of a fibro-cartilage, with the the vertebral gutters, ( F. ) Gouttières certébrales,
    contiguous vertebræ . The Processes, Masses formed by the succession of the vertebral plates,
    apophysaires, of each vertebra are : -1 . The (F. ) Lames vertébrales, which , by their junc
    spinous process, situate behind , and in the tion , constitute the spinous processes. These
    median line. 2. The two transverse processes, are filled by the sacro -spinalis musele. The
    standing off from each side . 3. The four ar- sides or lateral surfaces present the foramina ,
    ticular processes — two superior , and twoinferior resulting from the union of the vertebral notches.
    —which serve to unite the vertebræ with each ( F. ) Echancrures certébrales. These are called
    other. These transverse and articulating pro- vertebral foramina, ( F. ) Trous de conjugaison,
    cesses are made continuous with the lateral and and give passage to the vertebral nerves. The
    posterior parts of the body of the vertebra by base of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite
    narrow bony portions or pedicles, on each of with the sacrum ; and forms with it an angle,
    which are notches. These, by their union with called sacro -rertebral angle or promontory. The
    similar notcbes in the contiguous vertebra , apex or top of the vertebral column is articu.
    form the lateral foramina, ( F.) Trous de con- lated with the occipital bone . Sometimes, the
    jugaison, through which the spinal nerves leave term vertebral column includes the whole of the
    the vertebral canal. column from the occipital bone to the extre
    The different processes are united with each mity of the coccyx.
    other, so as to forin a kind of ring of the lateral The VERTEBRAL or Spinal Canal , Rachid '.
    and posterior parts of the vertebra ; and the ian Canal, exists through the whole of the ver
    foramen , within this, i . e. between the body tebral column, whose curvatures it follows. It
    and processes, concurs in forming the vertebral is continuous, above, with the cranium ; be
    canal . low , with the sacral canal , if we consider the
    The vertebre have particular characters , ac- vertebræ to terminate at the sacrum. It is lined
    cording to the regions they occupy . They are by a prolongation of the meninges, forming the
    VERTEBRES 720 VESICULA

    Theca vertebralis, and lodges the spinal mar.


    Tow .
    VERTEX , Coryphe. The top or highest
    part of the head. See Sinciput.
    The vertebral column, which unites light- VERTEX Cubiti, Olecranon -- v. Palpitans,
    ness with solidity, serves to support the head Fontanella.
    and chest. It is the seat of all the movements VERTIGE, Vertigo.
    of the trunk , the weight of which it transmits VERTIGO, from Vertere, ' to turn ;' Dinos,
    to the pelvis. It lodges and protects the spi- Ilin'gos, Giddiness, Dizziness, Dinus verti'go,
    nal marrow, and gives passage to the vertebral Hallucinatio rertigo, Aulal'gia vertigo, Swin
    nerves , and to numerous vessels . ming of the head , ( F. ) Vertige, Étourdissernent.
    The VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS , ( F. ) Ligamens A state in which it seems that all objects are
    vertébraur, Surtouts ligamenteux de la colonne turning round; or that the individual himself
    vertébrale, are distinguiehed into anterior and is perforining a movement of gyration . Two
    posterior. They consist of long, ligamentous varieties have been designated ;-simple vertigo,
    coverings ; the anterior occupying the anterior where the objects are seen , and scotodynia , in
    part of the vertebral column; and the posterior which the sight is obscured, and the individual
    seeining to arise from the occipito-axvid liga- often falls. Vertigo is dependent upon the con
    inent, and existing, behind the bodies of the dition of the brain ; and often announces an
    vertebræ , from the axis to the sacrum . attack of apoplexy or epilepsy.
    The VERTEBRAL ARTERY, Posterior cerebral VERTIGO TENEBRicosa, Scotodynia.
    artery ( Ch .,) is the largest of the branches of VERUMONTANUM , Caput gallinaginis,
    the subclavian. It arises from the posterior Gallinaginis caput.
    part of that vessel ; is lodged in a canal, ( F. )
    VERVAIN , Verbena officinalis.
    Petit canal vertébral, forned by the foramina in VERVEINE , Verbena officinalis.
    the transverse processes; enters the cranium . VESANIA , l'esa 'nia . Derangement of the
    and proceeds to anastomose with its fellow of intellectual and inoral faculties, withoutcoma
    the opposite side, and to form the Busilury ar- or fever . Many nosologists have used this as
    lery, ( q. v . ) Besides the branches sent to the a generic term ; under which they have in
    neck , the vertebral artery gives off - the ante- cluded the different species of mental aliena.
    rior and posterior spinul arteries, and the infe- tion, hypochondriasis, somnambulism , and even
    rior cerebellous, in the cavity of the cranium . hydrophobia. See Nosology.
    The VERTEBRAL or SpisaL NERVES spring VESANIA Mania , Mania .
    successively from the spinal marrow ; from its VESANIÆ , Insanity.
    origin to its terinination . These nerves - 30 VESICA BILIARIA , Gall-bladder - v. Fellea,
    pairs in all - arise by two roots ; one anterior, Gall-bladder - v . Intestinalis , Vesicula umbili
    and the other posterior , and afterwards issue calis - v. Urinaria , Urinary bladder .
    by the vertebral and sacral foramina. Each of VESICÆ IRRITABILITAS, Cysterethismus.
    these roots seems to have a distinct ſunction ; VESICAL, Vesica'lis. That which belongs
    the posterior being destined to conveyOnsensa- or relates to the bladder.
    The VESICAL ARTERIES vary in number and
    tion to parts ; the unterior, motion . the
    posterior root, before its junction with the an. origin. The umbilical artery always sends off
    terior, there is a ganglion. two or three ; the middle heinorrhoidal, inter
    Of the 30 pairs, 7 are cervical neroes, 12 dor nal pudic , and obturator furnish others, which
    sal, 5 lumbar, and 6 sucral See Nerves . ramify and anastomose in the parietes of the
    VERTEBRAL DISEASE , Rachiul gia (of some,) bladder ; the hypogastric furnishes one which
    Caries of the Vertebræ , Spondylarthroc'acē, Spon .
    is somewhat larger, the Vesico-prostatic, ( Ch . ,)
    dyloc'uce . The spinal column is liable to dis, and proceeds to the bas fond of the bladder,
    tortion, (see Hump) at times, without the ver- sending numerous ramifications to it as well as
    tebræ being much, it at all, diseased . At other to the surrounding parts.
    times, a more forinidable affection is induced ; The VESICAL VEins , much more numerous
    the vertebræ becoming carious, and the inter than the arteries, open into the hypogastric
    vertebral cartilages ulcerated ; followed by a plexus .
    more or less complete loss of power over the VESICANT, Blister.
    lower extremities. In such case , on examining VESICATOIRE
    the spine, one or more of the spinous processes , Blister.
    is found to project beyond the rest . The dis VESICATORIUM , Blister.
    ease was first well described by Mr. Percival VESICLE , ALLANTOID , Allantois - v.Ger.
    Pott ; and, hence, it has been called, by the minal, see Molecule - v. Purkinjean, see Mole .
    French, Maladie de Pott. It usually occurs in cule.
    scrofulous subjects, and the treatment con- VESICLES OF DE GRAAF , Folliculi Graafiani.
    sists in establishing a counter-irritation by blis . VES'ICO -VAG'INAL , Vesi'co-vagina'lis.
    teis, issues, or the moxa, opposite the trans. Relating to the bladder and the vagina ; as rc
    verse processes of the diseased vertebra, The sico.raginal fistula.
    sore must be suffered to remain open , and the VESICULA , Cystint , a diminutive ofocsica ,
    patient kept in the horizontal posture until the a bladder.' A small bladder .
    use of the limbs is recovered ; employing tonics VESICULA ENIGMATOSA , V , umbilicalis -v.
    --the free admission of fresh air, & c . at the Alba , V. umbilicalis - v . Bilis , Gall-bladder - v.
    same time.
    Chyli, Receptaculum clivii - v . Erythroidea,
    VERTEBRAL NERVE , Trisplanchnic. Erythroid vesicle-v. Fellis, Gall bladder - v.
    VERTÈBRES , Vertebræ. Omphalo-mesenterica, V. umbilicalis-v . Ova.
    VERTEBROILIAC LIGAMENT, lleolis, V.umbilicalis.
    lumbar L. The VESICULE SEMINA'LES , V. Scmina'riæ
    92
    VESICULE 730 VIABLE

    seu spermat'icæ, Cap'sulæ semina'les, Concep. VESSELOUP, Lycoperdon.


    tac'ula semina'ria, ( F. ) ; ésicules séminales, Gar.
    VESSIE , Urinary bladder-v. à Colonnes,
    douches, Greniers,are two small membranous see Urinary bladder — 0. Col de la, Collum ve
    sacs, which serve as reservoirs for the sperm , sicæ .
    and probably secrete a fluid to be mixed with V ES'TIBULE, Vestib'ulum , (F.) Vestibule.
    the sperm . They are situate beneath the blad . A cavity of an irregular shape, which forms
    der, and above the rectum , behind the prostate part of the labyrinth or internal ear. T'he ves
    and to the outer side of the vasa deferentia. iibule is situate on the inner side of the tym
    They are of an irregular conoidal shape ; flat panum ; on the outer side of the meatus audi
    tened from above to below ; embossed on their iorias internus; before the semicircular canals,
    surface, and of a grayish tint. Their posterior and behind the cochlea. It is lined by a par
    extremity, or fundus, terminates by a round cul. ticular membrane, and contains the liquor of
    de-sac. Their anterior extremity or neck is nar. Cotunnius and branches of the auditory nerve.
    row and elongated, and is continuous with the There is also another membrane , constituting
    excretory duct of the vesicula. This duct joins the membranous vestibule, but it is not an exact
    the vas deferens, and forms with it the ejacu- imitation of the osseous cavity. It is composed
    latory duct. The interior of the vesicule ex . of two distinct sacs, which open into each
    hibits several cells ,which communicate with other — the sacculus restibuli, and the sacculus
    each other, and are lined by a very thin, mu. (q. v.) There are three contiguous cavities in
    cous membrane . the vestibule, one of which , ihe semi-odal, is
    Vesic'ula Umeilicaʼlis, Umbilical Vesicle, situate above ; another, the hemispherical,be
    Vesicula alba seu om'phalo-mesenter'ica seu ænig low ; and the third, or sulciform ,which is the
    mato'sa seu odu'lis, Vesi'ca intestinalis, Intesti. orifice of the aquæductus vestibuli, behind.
    nal Vesicle, Vitelline Pouch . A small, pyriform , VESTIB'ULUM is, also , a smooth cavity be
    sound , or spheroidal sac, which , about the fif tween the perinæum and nymphæ in the fe
    teenth or twentieth day after fecundation, is of male, which leads to two passages to the ure
    the size of a common pea, and probably ac. thra above, and to the vagina below.
    quires its greatest dimensions in the course of the VESTIGE, ( F. ) Vestigium, ' a vestige ,' ' a
    third or fourth week. After the seventh week , trace .' A kind of fracture of flat bones, con
    it becomes shrivelled and disappears insensibly . sisting of a simple incision having the mark of
    It seems to be situate between the chorion and the instrument that caused it.
    amnion, and is commonly adherent either to The term is , also , applied to a part of the
    the outer surface of the amnion , or to the inner body , which may have no evident use in man ,
    surface of the chorion, but at times is loose be- and yet may be greatly employed in animals.
    tween them . For example, the muscles of the external ear
    The ritelline pedicle , which attaches the vesi. in man are almost devoid of use, or are vestiges
    cle to the embryo, is continuous with the intes- of what they are in certain animals.
    tinal canal; and, up to twen :y or thirty days VESTIGIUM FORAMINIS OVALIS , Ova
    of embryonic life , is hollow . " Its arteries are lis fossa.
    the onphalo -mesenteric , ( q . v . ) VESTI'TUS, Esthe'mo, Esthc'sis, Clothing,
    The vitelline fluid , contained in the vesicle, Res vestia'ria, Dress, Vesture, ( F. ) Vêtement.
    has been compared, from analogy , to the ritel Any substance used for the purpose of covering
    lus or yolk of birds; and , like it, is an oleagi- our nakedness , or preserving us from atmo
    nous substance , and presumed to be inservient spheric temperature, by being worn on the
    to the nutrition of the embryo. body . The best clothing in winter is com
    In Pathology, Vesic'ula, Ves'icle, Ecphlysis, posed of articles that are bad conductors of
    Cystinx , means a small orbicular elevation of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation
    the cuticle , containing lymph , which is some of the matter of perspiration. In this respect,
    times clear and colourless , but often opaque woollen vestments deserve the first place , and
    and whitish or pearl-coloured. It is succeeded , cotton the second. Colour has likewise to be
    either by a scurf, or by a laminated scab. regarded —the darkest hues transmitting the
    Vesiculæ constitute the 6th order of Bate. heat most readily through thein. It has been
    man's classification of Cutaneous Diseases. found that the same rule applies to odours - the
    VESICULÆ , see Villous membranes - v. Divre darker colours retaining a greater amount of
    Barbaræ , Variola confluens - v. Gingivarum , odorous particles than the lighter. Hence , the
    Aphthæ - v. Pulmonales, see Cellule -- v. Ro- necessity of white walls, white bed -clothes,
    tundæ cervicis uteri , Nabothi glandulæ - v. San . &c . , in ihe wards ofhospitals, for it is probable
    guinis, Globules of the blood - v . Seminales the like law applies to contagious miasms.
    mulierum , Nabothi glandulæ - v. Spermaticæ , VESTURE , Vestitus .
    V. seminales. VETA , Puna.
    VESICULE BILIAIRE, Gall-bladder . VETEMENT, Vestitus.
    VESICULE DU FIEL, Gall-bladder. VETERANA , Rubeola .
    VESICULES DE SAINTE BARBE, Variola VETERNUS, Coma vigil .
    confluens - 0 . Séminales, Vesiculæ seminales. VETONICA CORDI , Betonica officinalis .
    VESPA , Wasp . VEXILLUM , Drapeau .
    VESSEL , Vas, Angei'on, Angos, ( F.) Vais- VIA , Wag - v . Stomachi et ventris, Esopha
    seau . A canal , more or less elastic, formed by gus.
    the superposition of several membranes, and VIABILITY . See Viable .
    distinguished, according to its uses and gene. VI'ABLE , Viat'ilis, from via , ' way ;' or from
    ral arrangement, into Artery, Vein, and Lym- vie ( F. ) • life, ' ( Orfila.) A word, which may be
    phatic, ( q. v.) See , also, Vascular. introduced, with great advantage, from the
    VIAL 731 VINUM

    French into our language . It is an epithet, VICTORIALIS FEMINEA , Gladiolus vul.


    applied to a fætus, whose organs are properly garis - v. Longa , Allium victoriale-v. Rotunda,
    formed, and so developed as to permit' its con- Gladiolus vulgaris.
    tinued existence. Every fætus is not viable. VICTÚS RATIO, Diet.
    Anencephali have lived ten or twelve days, yet VIDANGES, Lochia .
    they are not viable ; -a partor the whole of the VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid C.
    brain being wanting. The older the fætus, the VIE, Life.
    more viable is it. It is an idle prejudice that a VIELLIESSE , Senectus,
    child , born at the end of eight months, is less VIF ARGENT, Hydrargyrum.
    likely to live than one born at the end of seven . VIGILANCE , Insomnia .
    The signs of viability are drawn from the VIGILIA , Egregorsis.
    weight, length , external conſorination , &c . of VIGILIÆ NIMIÆ , Coma vigil.
    the lætus . It may be laid down as a general VIGNE, Vitis vinifera — 0. Blanche, Bryonia
    rule that no fætus, born before the end of the alba--v. du Nord , Humulus lupulus—v. Vierge,
    seventh month , is viable. Bryonia alba .
    VIAL , Pbiala. VIGOR, Acme .
    VIÆ LACHRYMALES , Lachrymal pas. VILLI. See Villous membranes.
    sages -- v. Primæ, Ways, digestive-v. Secundæ , VILLOUS, Villo'sus, from dillus, ' a hair.'
    Ways , second . Villous MEMBRANES or Coats , Velamenta
    VIBICES, Molops. Large purple spots, like Bombycina. (F.) Membranes villeuses, Menn.
    the marks produced by the strokes of a whip, branes veloutés, are such as are covered with
    which appear under the skin in certain malig. soft papillæ or Villi, Flocci, Floc'culi , Vesiculæ,
    nant fevers . They are unfavourable indications, Cylindri , Tubi Membrand'cei , - constituted of
    as they denote great prostration , blood vessels, nerves , and absorbents ; or such
    VIBRANS, Vibratory . as are covered with fine down , so as to cause
    VIBRATILE , Vibratory. them to feel soft and velvety . The term is,
    VIBRATORY, Vibratire, Vibrans, ( F.) Vi- however, chiefly restricted to the former.
    brutile , from vibra're, ' to quiver. ' An epithet Chaussier gives the name simple villous mem
    applied to the pain that accompanies some neu . branes to the serous membranes; and that of
    ralgiæ ; and which seems to the patient to vi- complicated or follicular rillous membranes to
    brate along the nerves . the mucous membranes.
    VIBRATORY Motion , see Cilia. These villi are endowed with ciliary motions,
    VIBRIS'SÆ . The hairs which grow at the (q . v. ) .
    entrance of the nostrils . VIN , Wine -o . de Bordeaux, Claret - n. de
    VIC-LE -COMPTE , MINERAL WATERS Quinquina composé, Vinum de kinâ kinâ com -
    OF. Vic - Le - Compte is a small village in the positum - o . Sec, Sack .
    department of Puy-de -Dôme, three leagues VINAIGRE, Acetum , see Aceticum acidum
    from Issoire ; where there is an acidulous cha- -0. Scillitique, Acetum scillæ .
    lybeate , which is aperient. VINAIGRE DE BOIS, Pyroligneous acid.
    VICHY , MINERAL WATERS OF . Car. VINAIGRES MEDICINĂUX, Acetica.
    bonated chalybeates, the sources of which are VINCA MINOR, Vinca pervin'ca, Clematis
    at Vichy, six leagues from Moulins, in the de- daphnoides major, Lesser periwin'kle, ( F.) Per.
    partment of Allier. The springs are seven in renche, Violette des Sorciers . It has bitter and
    number. Almost all are thermal ; give off bub. astringent properties,and has been used in gar
    bles of carbonic acid gas,and have a slightly sul- gles, and diseases of the chest.
    phureous odour. They deposite carbonates of VINCULA , Fascia .
    lime and magnesia, and a little oxide of iron ; VINCULUM , Bandage, Lien .
    and afford , on analysis, carbonates of lime, suda, VINE, Vitis vinifera - v. Grape, Vitis vinife .
    iron , and magnesia , carbonic acid , sulphate and ra-v. Poison, Rhus radicans.
    muriate of soda. They are employed as tonics, VINEGAR, AROMATIC SPIRIT OF, see
    particularly in chronic affections of the abdomi- Aceticum acidum - v. Common, Acetum - v.
    nal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases of the Distilled, see Aceticum acidum - v. Marseilles,
    joints, &c . Aceturn aromaticum - v . of Meadow saffron,
    The Factitious Vichy WATER, Aqua Vicien'- Acetum colchici- v. Radical,Aceticum acidum
    sis, (F.) Eau de Vichy, is made of simple acidu . -v . of Squills, Acetum scillæ - v. of the four
    lous water, impregnated with twice its bulk of Thieves, Acetum aromaticum - y. Thieves, Ace
    carbonic acid , Zxxss ; subcarbonate of soda, gr. tum aromaticum - v. of Wood, see Aceticum
    xxxij; sulphate of soda, gr . xvj; muriate of acidum .
    soda, gr. iv ; subcarbonate of magnesiu , gr. ss : VINETTIER, Oxycantha Galeni.
    muriale of iron , gr. I. Mix . Ph . P. VINUM , Wine .
    VIC'IA FABA . The Common Garden Bean , VINUM MEDICIN'ALE. A Medicated Wine.
    (F. ) Féve ou fére des marais. Family, Legu. Wine, holding in solution one or more medi.
    minosa. Sez. Syst . Diadelphia Decandria . A cines. Medicinal wines are obtained by mace
    native of Egypt, of which there are many va- rating or digesting medicinal substances in
    rieties . Beans are not easy of digestion. They wine . They differ, ofcourse, according to the
    are proverbially flatulent,especially when old. nature of the medicine employed, the strength
    When young, they are more digestible and of the wine , &c .
    wholesome. Bean meal was one of the four In a late Pharmacopæia of the London Col.
    resolvent meals of the ancients . lege , all the wines were changed into weak tinc
    VICINI TRACTUS , Erysipelas. tures; but the old names were left unaltered.
    VICINITRAHA , Erysipelas. Sherry is the wine usually employed
    VINUM 732 VINUM

    VINUM ALBUM HISPANICUM, see Wine- v . Vinum FERRATUM, V. ferri.


    Album Montanum, see Wine . Vinum FERRI , V. chalybea'tum , Steel wine,
    VINUM Aloes, V. aloës socotori'næ , Vinum Wine of iron, Vinum ferra'tum , V. martin'tum ,
    aloël'icum , V. uro'mo-aloëticum, Wine of Aloes, V. Martis, Tinctura Martis rino'sa , Tinctura
    Tinctu'ra hiera , Tinctura sacru . ( Aloës spicat. Martis cum vino . (Iron 3j, supertartrute of
    eztract. Zviij , canellæ corticis zij, vini lovj, sp . potass, in powder, 3vj.distilled water Ibijor q . s . ,
    tenuioris tbij. Macerate for 14 days,and strain. proof spirit 3xx . Rub the iron and supertartrate
    Ph. L.), Purgative and stomachic, according of potass together, and expose them to the air in
    the dose. Dose, Zj to Zij.
    toVinum a flat vessel , moistened with a Huid ounce of
    Absinthi'tes, M'ine of Wormwood. water for a fortnight ; agitating every day with a
    ( Fol.absinth. ersicc., absinth. Pontic., āá zvj , vini spatula, and sprinkling them with water, to keep
    albi Ibiv . Macerate for 24 hours, and strain. them moist. Then dry with a gentle heat,and
    Ph. P.) Stimulant, tonic , febrifuge, vermifuge, mix with 3xxx of distilled wuler. Filter the
    &c. fluid and add the spirit. Ph . L.) Tonic . Dose,
    VINUM AMARUM , V. Gentianæ comp .--v . 3j to giv .
    Amarum scilliticum , &c . V. diureticum ama- It is sometimes made by adding two pints of
    rum - v . Amarum cum spiritû vini, V. gentiana wine to two ounces of iron filings;-macerating
    compositum . and filtering.
    VINUM ANTIMO'NI TARTARIZA'TI , V. tartritis VINUM GentiA'NÆ Compos'ITUM , V.amarum ,
    antimonantimoni
    sentia i seuof stib'ii,
    ii, Solu'tion tartarizAntimon
    ed antimon y,Es- vino'su
    ial wine, Compoum nd wine of amarum
    , Vinum Gentiun, cum
    Infu'sum amarrum
    spiritu vini,
    Vinum benedic'tum , Vinum antimoniu'tum Hur- Wine bitters . ( Rad . gentian . luteæ zss, cort.
    ha'mi, V. antimoniale , Aqua benedicta Rulandi, cinchon . offic. Zj, cort . aurant, 3ij, canellæ alb. 3 ),
    Virum emet'icum . (Ant tart. Oj,aq. destillat. alcohol, dilut, živ, rini alb. Hispanic. tbijss. Ph.
    fero. Zviij, sp. rectif. 3ij. Dissolve the tar. E. ). Dose, 3j 10 3vj.
    tarized antimony in the water, and add the Vinum HYPPOCRATICUM , Claret -- y , Hordea .
    spirit.) ceum , Cerevisia .
    The ordinary Antimonial wine is made with VINUM IPECACUANHÆ , Ipecacuan'ha wine.
    glass of untimony Zj , sherry lbiss. ( Rad . ipecacuan. cont. 3ij, rini tbij. Ph . L.)
    Ward's Red Drop consists of a strong vinous Einetic , and diaphoretic . Dose, as an emetic ,
    solution of tartarized antimony . giv to 3x.
    VINUM ANTISCORBU'TICUM , Antiscorbu'tic vine, VINUM DE Kina Kina Compos'ITUM, V. cin .
    (Rad.armoraciæ recent. Zj,fol. cochleariæ recent., cho'næ compositum , Compound bark wine, (F.)
    nasturtii aquat., trifol. aquatic., semin. sinap ., Vin de quinquina composé. ( Cort . cinchon.
    āá 3ss, aminoniæ muriat.zij,vin, albi Ibij: Ma- pulv. lbss, quassia, cort. winteran ., cort.aurant.
    cochlear. zss. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic. sicc., ăā zss, alcohol ( 120 to 220 'Beaumé) ibj.
    cerate for 36 hours ; filter, and add tincture
    Macerate for 24 hours ; and add vini albi Iboj.
    Dose , Zss to Zij . Macerate for four days , and filter , Ph . P.)
    VINUM A Romaricum ,Aromatic wine. ( Species Tonic, febrifuge, and stomachic. Dose, 3ss
    aromatic . ziv, rin . rubr. Ibij. Macerate for 6 to Zij .
    days, and filter. Ph . P.). Stimulant, and tonic. VINUM MARTIATUM , V. ferri - v . Martis , V.
    Used, externally , in fomentations, embroca ferri - y . Nicotianæ tabaci , V. tabaci - v . Opia
    tions , & c .
    VINUM AROMO-ALOETICUM , V. Aloes - v . An . tum fermentatione paratum , Laudanum abbatis
    timoniatum Huxhami, V. antimonii tartarizati Rousseau .
    --v . Benedictum , V. antimonü tartarizati- y . VINUM Opur, Wine of Opium, l'inum de opio
    Canarinum , see Wine-v.Chalybeatum , V. ferri compos'itum , Laudanum liquidum Sydenha'mi,
    -v. Cinchonæ compositum , V. de kinâ kina Laudanum liquidum Hoffmun'ni, Tinctura The
    comp . "
    bnica, &c . , Ford's laudanum . ( Ezt . opii 3j , cort.
    VINUM COL'cnc1, Wine of Colchicum , Tinc- cinnam . cont., caryoph. cont. sing . 3 ), rini ibj.
    tura colchici, Want's Ean d' Husson. ( Colchic. Ph. L ) Narcotic. Dose, gtt. xv to zj.
    VINÚM DE Orio COMPOSITUM , V. opii -- v.
    rad . recent,ibj , sp. tenuior, Ziv , aquæ destillat . Picatum
    Zviii. Ph. L.) Diuretic, sedative, and purga Viux, Pissites. QUINI'NÆ , Wine of Quinine. ( Wine
    live. usedficinforgout.
    Chiefly Spec
    Reynolds's and gtt
    goutDose, . 40 to 3j bij, sulphate
    rheumatisin of quinine gr. x.Mix.) Duse, ziss
    consisted of the fresh bulb of Colchicum zviij , or more ; according as it is used fora stomachic,
    arrest ague. A Vinum Cinchoninæ may
    Sherry wine Zxvj. The colchicum was ma . or to
    cerated for eight or teu days in the wine , at a be made in the same way .
    VINUM Rhei Palmaʼti , Rhubarb Wine, Tinc
    gentle heat;
    finvoured with tum . with
    coloured Reynolds poppies
    syrup isofsaid and tura
    to have Rhabar'bari Vino's , Vinum Rhabarbari,
    an over dose Elirir Rhei dulcē, E. R Compos'itum . ( Rad.
    of it.ama-rhei
    killed himself
    Vixum by taking AMA'RUM
    DIURÉT'ICUM , Vinum concis. Zij, cort. canelle cont. 3j , alcohol.
    tum srillil'icum compos'itum in Charita'tis No- dilul. Zij, vini olb. Hispan. zxv . Ph. E.) Lara
    socomi'o usurpa'tum , Bilter diuretic wine. ( Cort. tive and stimulant. Dose , živ to ziss.
    VINUM RHENANUM , see Wine - v. Rhabar.
    cinchon ., winterun . , limon , aá Zij, rhus toxico.
    dendr., scille, cacumin. angelica , aa zss , fol. bari , V. rhei palmati - v. Rubrum Portugalli
    absinth., melissæ ,aa zj, baccar. junip.. masis,aä сum, see Wine.
    Zss, vin. alb . lbviij . Macerate and filter. Pl . VINUN TAB'aci , Vinum Nicotia'ne Tabaci,
    P. ) . Stimulant, tonic , and diuretic . Dose , zss Tobacco Wine. (Folior, nicotian. tabac. Zj,vini
    to Ziss . alb. Hispanic. ihj. Ph. E. ) Narcotic, diuretic,
    INUM EMITICUM , V. antimopii tartarizati . and antispasmodic. In dropsical cases, colica
    VIOL 733 VISION

    pictonum , and ileus. Not used . Dose , gtt . xx / water. It has been used as a cosmetic to re
    to xxxvj . move freckles, &c .
    VINUM VERA'TRI , Wine of White Hellebore . VIRGO , Girl -v . Aurea , Solidago virgaurea .
    (Rnd. veratr . concis. 3 viij , sp. ten . Ibj. aqua des. VIRIDE ÆRIS , Cupri subacetas.
    tillat. fbiss . Macerate for 14 days. Ph. L. ) In VIRILE , Penis.
    cutaneous affections, and in gout. Dose , 358 VIRILITY , Adult age .
    to zij . VIROSUS , Virulent.
    VIOL , Stuprum . VIRTUE , Faculty.
    VIOLA , Viola adora'la ., lon , Matrona'lis, Vio . VIRÄULENT, Virulentus, Viro'sus. That
    la'ria, the Sioeet Violet, (F.) Violette à bouquets, which is of the nature of a virus or which is
    V. odorante . The flowers of the sweet violet caused by a virus.
    have a pleasant, peculiar odour, and scarcely VIRUS. A Latin word , which signifies poi .
    any taste. They are slightly laxative. son ; but which , in medicine, has a somewhat
    VIOLA Cani'na . The Dog Violet. The root different acceptation .
    of this plant is emetic and cathartic . Dose , By it is understood - a principle , unknown in
    Эі . its nature and inappreciable by the senses,
    VIOLA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacuanha - v. which is the agent for the transmission of in
    Lulea, Cheiranthus cheiri - v. Odorata , Viola fectious diseases. Thus we speak of the ra .
    -v. Palustris, Pinguicnla vulgaris . riolic, vaccine, and syphilitic virus. Virus dif
    VIOLA Tricolor, Heart's case , Pansies, Ja'- fers from venom, in the latter being a secretion
    cea, Herba Trinita'tis , ( F.) Pensée, P. sauruge. natural to certain animals, whilst the former is
    The decoction of this beautiful little plant has always the result of a morbid process ; -a mor
    heen recommended in diseases of the skin , & c . bid poison .
    Its roots are , also , enetic and cathartic, Virus, Ichor , Poison , Sanies-v. Vaccine ,
    VIOLARIA , Viola. see Vaccina - v . Vitale, Sperm .
    VIOLET, DOG , Viola canina - v . Sweet, VIS, Force -v . Adhæsionis, Cohesion ( force
    Viola . of)-v. Attractionis, Cohesion (force of)-v.
    VIOLETTE À BOUQUETS, Viola—r. Cohesionis , Cohesion
    trix, V.medicatrix ( force- of
    naturæ -v . Conserva
    v.) Elastica, Elas.
    -0.des Sorciers, Vinca minor.
    Odorante , Viola-
    VIOLIER JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri .
    ticity - v. Insita,
    Irritability .
    Irritability- v . Irritabilitatis,
    VIORNA , Clematis vitalba . Vis MEDICA'Tris NATU'RÆ, Vis conserda .
    VIPER , EGYPTIAN , Aspis.
    Viper's Grass, Scorzonera. trit, Autocruti'a, (q . v.) Autonom'ia, Autorra.
    VIPERA , Coluber berus. toria Physiatricē, Physioautocrati'a . A term ,
    employed, by some, to express that instinctive ,
    VIPERARIA , Aristolochia serpentaria , healing power in an animal or vegetable, by
    Scorzonera.
    VIPERINA VIRGINIANA , Aristolochia virtue
    upon it,oforwhich it can
    remove repair injuries inflicted
    disease.
    serpentaria. Vis MOR'TUA. Under this name, Haller in
    VIRGA , Penis-v . Cerea , Bougie. cluded the mechanical properties of membrane,
    VIRGINIA , MINERAL WATERS OF. --flexibility,extensibility , elasticity ,&c. , which
    There are several celebrated mineral springs in are totally independeni of the vital properties.
    Virginia , on the Western side of the Blue They remain some time after the complete ex
    Ridge . Two Thermal springs exist in Bath tinction of life in all its functions ; seem to be
    county . The Warm Spring, as it is called, connected with the mechanical arrangement of
    issues with a bold stream , sufficient to turn a particles and the chymical composition of the
    inill , and to keep the water of its basin at the substance in which they reside, and not to be
    temperature of 97°. The Hot Spring is a few affected until the progress of decomposition has
    miles from the Warm . Its temperature is 1070. become sensible.
    They are both slightly sulphureous. Vis Plastica , Plastic force - v . Reproduc.
    The Sweet Springs are at the Eastern foot of tiva, Plastic force- v. Vitæ, Irritability - v.
    the Alleghany, in Botetourt county ; and 42 Vitalis , Irritability .
    miles from the Warm Springs . The water has VISCERA , Entrails .
    a temperature of 700 and is highly impregnated VISCERAL , Splanchnic.
    with carbonic acid. The White Sulphur, as VISCÈRES, Entrails .
    well as the Red Sulphur, and Salt Sulphur VISCONIA , Physconia .
    Springs, are also much celebrated . The Red VISCUM ALBUM , Mist'letoe, Iros, It'ia, Da.
    Spring is affirmed to exert a sedative influence bach, ( F ) Gui. A parasitic plant,which grows
    on the pulse, diminishing the number of its on a number of trees. Family, Caprifoliaceæ .
    beats. About 15 miles from Staunton is Strib . Sex. Syst. Diecia Tetrandria . "That of the
    ling's Springs — a sulphuretted water ; and oak- iscum quercinum-has been most cele
    near Warrenton , in Fauquier county, there is brated, but it does not differ from the others.
    a sulphureous water, called Lee's Springs, It was, at one time, much used in epilepsy and
    which is much frequented . other neuroses ;-the wood or leaves being
    VIRGIN'S BOWER , COMMON , Clematis given in powder, in the dose of ges or 3i . The
    vitalba - v. Bower, upright, Clematis recta . herries, also , called Pommes hemorrhoidcles,
    Virgin's Milk, Luc Virginis, Lac Virgina'lē, from their supposed virtues, are drastic ; and,
    (F.) Luit virginal. A tincture of Benjamin or when applied externally, maturative.
    of any other balsam , precipitated by ihe addi. VISIO , Pupil .
    tion of water, which gives it a milky appear. VISION , Vis'io, Visus, Opsis, ( F.) Vue. The
    ance . Also, subacetate of lead precipitated by action of seeing. The sight. The sight is one
    VISUAL 734 VIVIPAROUS

    of the five senses ; and the eye is its organ. , aromatic taste. Formerly, they were celebrated
    By it we distinguish colours and appreciate as antaphrodisiacs.
    most of the physical qualities of external ob- VITI SALTUS, Chorea.
    jects . The eye is composed of different trans- VITIATIO , Stuprum .
    parent media, whose curvatures and refractive VITILIGO, Lepra - v . Alphus, Lepra alpho
    powers are so combined as to render insensible ides--v. Melas, Lepra nigricans - v. Nigra,
    the aberrations of sphericity and refrangibility, Lepra nigricans.
    and to concentrate the luininous rays pro . VITIS ALBA SYLVESTRIS , Bryonia alba
    ceeding from more or less distant objects. These -v. Apyrena, see V. corinthiaca.
    rays iraverse, successively , the transparent Vitis Corinthiaca. Family of the Vines .
    cornea, the aqueous humour, the crystalline, Scx. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. This plant
    the vitreous humour, and strike upon the re- affords the Uve pas'sæ mino'res, Passa Corin
    tina , on which they impress the figure of the thiacæ, Pas'sule mino'res, Uva Corinthiacæ, or
    object whence they have emanated ; and , in Currants, (F.) Raisins de Corinthe. They are
    order that no obscurity may arise from the re- lhe dried fruit of the Vitis Corinthiaca or Vitis
    flections, that might otherwise occur, the in- apyrena ; and are similar, in their properties, to
    terior of the eye is lined by a membrane-- the the raisin .
    choroid- which is , itself , covered internally Vitis IDÆ A PALUSTRIS ,Vaccinium oxycoccos.
    by a dark pigment. This absorbs the lighi, Vitis Vinif'ERA, Ampelos , A. (Enoph'oros.
    like the dark pigment in the interior of tele. The Grape vine, the l'ine. ( F. ) Vigne. Vine
    scopes, and thus obviates confusion. As the leaves and the tendrils have an astringent taste ,
    rays , proceeding from an object, must cross and were formerly used in diarrhea, hemos:
    each other in their course to the retina , it fol. rhage, & c. The juice or sap, called Lach '.
    lows , that those , proceeding from the upper ryma, has been recommended in calculous dis.
    part of an object, must fall upon the lower part orders and in cases of chronic ophthalmia. The
    of the retina and conversely . So that the ob- juice of the unripe fruit is called Verjuice , ( q . v .)
    ject must be impressed upon the retina , in an The Grape, Uru, Botrys, Staph'yle, (F.) Raisin,
    inverted position , yet experience teaches us to when ripe , is a wholesome, delicious fruit ;and,
    appreciatethe position accurately. when dried, it forms the Uræ passe majorcs,
    Vision, DOUBLE, Diplopia. Passula majores, Uræ passa solē sicca'ta , Raisins.
    VISUAL, Visua'lis . That which concerns These are inodorous; and, to the taste, sub
    the sight or belongs to vision . acidulous, sweet, and mucilaginous. They are
    The Visual Angle is the angle , formed by demulcentand nutritive:
    the crossing of two rays ,-proceeding from op- VITIUM SCROPHULOSUM , Scrofula .
    rosite points of any body,-in their passage VITRARIA , Parietaria.
    through the pupil. It is by the size of this VITREUS, Hyaloid .
    VITRINE AUDITIVE, (F. ) from vitrum ,
    angle , that we judge , to a certain extent, of the
    size of objects. glass,' Endolymph. The fluid contained in
    VISUS, Vision — v. Acrior, Nyctalopia - v. the membranous labyrinth of the ear, so called
    Coloratus, Chromopsia -.v. Dimidiatus, Hemi- from its resemblance to the vitreous humour of
    opia-v . Diurnus, Hemeralopia - v. Duplicatus, the eye .
    Diplopia - v. Juvenum , Myopia - v. Nocturnus,
    Nyctalopia - v. Senilis, Presbytia .
    VITRIOL, Ferri sulphas - v. Blue, Cupri
    sulphas - v.Cæruleum , Cuprisulphas - v .Green,
    VITA , Life . Ferri sulphas - v . Roman , Cupri sulphas - v.
    VITAL PROPERTIES. See Properties, White , Zinci sulphas.
    vital . VITRIOLUM ALBUM , Zinci sulphas - v.
    Vital Pur'ciPLE. The principle which , Aminoniacale , Ammoniæ sulphas - v. Cupri,
    when allied to matter, as in organized bodies, Cupri sulphas - v. Cyprium , Cupri sulphas - v.
    controls its manifestations and properties, and Ferri, Ferri sulphas - v. Goslariense, Zinci
    distinguishes organized matter from the inor. sulphas - v. Viride, Ferri sulphas -- v. Martis,
    ganic. We know nothing of this principle,ex- Ferri sulphas - v. Romanum , Cupri sulphas ,
    cep ' in its connexion with organization . v. Veneris, Cupri sulphas - v .Zinci , Zinci sul.
    VITALBA , Clematis vitalba. phas.
    VITELLINE, Vitellinus, from vitellus, the VITRUM , Hyalos , Glass, "Brancia , ( F.)
    yolk of an egg . ' Verie. Glass, coarsely powdered. has been
    Vitelline Disc, ProligerousDisc-v . Fluid , sometimes used to remove specks of the cornea.
    sec Vesicula umbilicalis - v . Pedicle , see Vesi Powdered glass has been regarded , but er
    cula umbilicalis - v . Pouch , Vesicula umbili
    calis-v . Vessels , Omphalo -mesenteric. roneously, as a poison . It acts only mechani
    The VITELLINE PEDicle is the pedicle , which cally
    The saline scum
    attaches the umbilical vesicle to the embryo. first made,has been, which swims
    used in toothon glass
    -powd when
    ers. It
    Sce Vesicula Umbilicalis .
    is called Sandiver, Sel de verre , Glass Gall , Fel
    VITELLO -MESENTERIC , Omphalo.me. ritri, & c .
    senteric . VITRUM HYFOCLEPTICUM , Separatorium - v .
    VITELLUM OVI . See Ovum . Sublimatorium , Aludel.
    VITEX , V. Agnus Castus, Agnus Castus, VITTA , Bandelette, a Caul .
    (F. ) Gattilier, Petit Poivre, Poivre suurage. VIVERRA CIVETTA . See Civetta.
    Family, Pyrenacer . Scr. Syst. Didynamia VIVIP'AROUS, from Vivus, " alive , ' and
    Angiospermia. The Chaste Tree. The seeds, pario, “ I bring forth .' An epithet applied to
    when fresh , have a fragrant smell and an acrid , animals whose young are brought forth de
    VIVISECTION 735 VOUTE

    tached, without requiring to be hatched, as in meris, Aratrum , Osmarillæ superioris unded


    theOriparous. imum . One of the bones of the face , so called
    VIVÍS ECTION , Virisec'tio , from vidus, from its resemblance. It is an azygous bone,
    alive,' and seca're, ' to cut.' The act of open- forming the posterior part of the septum narium.
    ing or dissecting living animals. It is thin , flat, and quadrilateral ; and is articu .
    VOICE , Voz, Aude, Phone, (F.) Voir. An lated , below, to the superior maxillary and
    appreciable sound, produced by the air , when palatine bones ; and above, to the sphenoid,
    driven from the lungs, throwing the inferior ethmoid , and cornets of Bertin . It is developed
    ligaments of the glottis into vibration. The by a single point of ossification .
    function, by which this is effected, has been VOM’ICA, from Vom'ere, ' to vomit,' ' to spit
    called Phona'tion . It is a function ofanimal life; up.' (F.) Vomique, Crachement de pus. A term ,
    and, in animals, is limited to the production of used by some authors for any encysted collec
    the simple or instinctive voice, as well as in tion of purulent matter in the interior of a vis
    the idiot ; but, in intellectual man, becomes cus. The acceptation is commonly , however,
    much more complicated and articulated-an restricted to purulent collections in the lungs ,
    evidence of his intellectual superiority : encysted or not, which may be discharged by
    The Articulated Voice or Speech , Loque'la, the mouth , by breaking into the bronchial
    Lalia, Phrasis, ( F.) Parole, Voir articulée, is tubes. Two kinds of vomicæ are distinguished;
    the voice, as produced by the glottis, modified the one, caused by the softening or breaking
    by the motions of the tongue, lip, and other down of pulmonary tubercles; the other, of
    parts of the mouth. Most physiologists agree much more rare occurrence, formed by a cir.
    in regarding the glottis or the space between cumscribed abscess of the lungs. Instead of
    the thyro-arytenoid ligaments plus the liga; opening into the bronchi, the abscess is some
    ments themselves, as the part where vocal tiines discharged into the cavity of the pleura,
    sounds are formed, but the mechanism of this causing empyema.
    formation is a matter of dispute . The greater VOMIQUÉ, Vomica.
    part of individuals regard the glottis and its VOMIQUIER, Strychnos nux vomica.
    ligaments , with the rocal tube - or the space VOMISSEMEN T , Vomiting—o. de Sang ,
    which the sound bas to traverse after it is pro- Hæmatemesis.
    duced in the glottis-as a reed instrument, like VOMIT, BLACK , Fever , yellow- v. Black,
    the clarionet;—the inferior ligaments of the Melæna .
    glottis constituting the reed . VOMITIF , Emetic .
    In speech , as ordinarily effected, the tongue ,
    lips , teeth , &c . are concerned ; but there are VOMITINE,
    VOMI
    Emetine.
    TINGtio,
    . Vom'i tus,s Edomi
    some authentic cases on record, where it has Em'esis, Vomi' Palmu vom'i'tio, Ana'!rope,
    tus, Ægrit u'do
    been accomplished after the tongue has been ventriculi, Sickness of the Stomach, (F.) Vomis
    removed . In such cases , the articulated voice
    must have been produced in the glottis, alone sement.
    containedThe
    in the by which
    act stoma solids
    ch, are ed liquids
    and
    eject by the,
    or aided by an obscure action of the parts mouth . Vomiting is the effect of some special
    above it .
    irritation of the nerves of the stomach . It is
    Voice , BLEATING, Egophony . accomplished contraction
    the time
    Voice, Convulsive , Voir Convulsive, ( F.) the not stomach solely
    , aswas, for by
    a long believedof.
    Vor Convulsi'da . A neurosis of the voice , con. That organ , indeed, assists in the process ;
    sisting in the production of discordantsounds the main cause is the compressionexerted upon
    -acute and grave - which cannot be brought the parietes of the viscus by the diaphragm and
    to the natural tones by any effort of volition . abdominal muscles.
    It seems to be caused by disordered contraction Vomiting is a symptom , common to nume
    of the muscles of the larynx. rous diseases. At times, it is sympathetic , as
    Voice , Goat's , Egophony. in affections of the kidney, uterus, brain , & c.
    VOIE , Way .
    VOIES DIGESTIVES, Ways , digestive — . At others , it is symptomatic, as in gastritis, peri
    tonitis, & c.
    Lacrymalcs, Lachrymal passages - v. Premières , When very troublesome, it may often be pal
    Ways, digestive-o. Secondes , Ways, second liated by effervescent draughts, aromatics, sina
    -0 . Urinnires, Urinary passages.
    VOILE DU PALATS, Velum pendulum pa- pisins or blisters
    VOMITIN to the, epigastr
    G OF Blood ic region
    Hæmatemesis . , &c.
    lati — 0. Médullaire inférieure, Velum medullare
    VOMIT
    inferius — 0 . Médullaire supérieure , Valvula Fever, yellowO NEGRO , Fever, yellow- v. Prieto,
    Vieussenii . .
    VOMITORIUM . Emetic .
    VOIX, Voice-v . Articuléc, Voice, articulated
    -0. Bronchique , Resonance. VOMITURI" TION , Vomituri'tio , Emesia,
    VOLA , Palm . Dysemesiá , Vomen'di cona'men ina'ně, Ketching.
    VOLATICA , Lichen . Ineffectual efforts to vomit . Some authors
    VOLATILIZATION , Volatiliza'tio . The mean, by this term , the vomiting of but little
    operation of reducing volatilizable substances matter, or that which occurs almost without
    into gas or vapour. acceptat
    effort. The first ion is the most ge
    VÕLSELLÀ , Acanthobolos , Forceps , Madis neral .
    terium - v . Patini, l'alet à Patin . VOMITUS, Vomiting - v. Cruentus, Hæmate .
    VOLVULUS, lleus. mesis - v. Pituitosus , Blennemesis- v . Sangui
    VOMENDI CONAMEN INANE, Vomi. nis, Hæmatemesis.
    turition . VOUTE, Vault-o. Médulluire, Corpus callo
    VOMER, in Lat. ' a ploughshare,' Os Vo'- sum-0 . à Trois piliers, Fornix,
    VOX 736 WASSERBURG

    VOX , Voice- v . Convulsiva, Voir convulsive | Puden'dum muliebre, Choiros, Amphicaus'tis,


    -V . Rauca, Raucedo . Concha, Porcus, Porta , Interfémineum , Mulie
    VUE, Vision - o . Courte, Myopia - 0. Diurne, bria , Fossa magna muliebris, Episeion , Eschara,
    Hemeralopia- 0 . Faible, Amblyopia — v. Longue, Hor'tulus cupidinis, the female pudendum ,
    Presbytia — 0. Louche, Strabismus — 0. Nocturne, Boubu'lios, Byssos, Cara, Caverna, Delphys ,
    Nyctalopia . Dilta, Fovea ,Gynace'um . The female organsof
    VULNERAIRE, Vulnerary — o. Suisse, see Generation. (F.) Vulte. A longitudinal opening
    Falltranck . between the projecting parts of the external
    VULNERARIUS . Traumatic. organs of generation in the female, extending
    VULNERARY, Vulneru'rius ; from rulnus , from the mons veneris to the perineum , and
    " a wound .' (F.) Vulnéruire. A nume applied which is called, also , Fossa magna ., Some
    by the ancients, to medicines, which they conanatomists mean, by this term , the whole of the
    external gepital organs of the female ; -mons
    sidered capable of favouring the consolidation
    of wounds. The property has been ascribed to veneris ; labia majora, and ibe cleft or vestibule ,
    various plants . separating them ; ihe clitoris ; nymphæ ; mealus
    VULNUS, Wound --v. Laceratum , see Lace- urinarius; entrance of the vagina; with the
    ration -v . Simplex, Cut. hymnen or the carunculæ myrtiformes, fossa
    VULTUEUX, ( F.) Vultuo'sus. Corvisart has navicularis and fourchette .
    used the expression , Face cultueuse,-Facies Vulva, Fora'men commu'në ante'rius, Iter ad
    vultuosa , -- for the face, when it is more florid
    infundibulum , Iter ad ler'tium rentric'ulum . An
    and swollen than in the natural stale . This opening , situate at the junction of the optic
    appearance , which is observed in active aneu -thalani, and immediately beneath the anterior
    rism of the heart, according to Corvisart, is crus of the fornix.
    owing to the afflux of blood into the arterial VULVAIRE, Chenopodium vulvaria.
    capillaries, and hence differs froin the livid and VULVAR , Vulra'ris. That which relates to
    swollen appearance caused by the accumulation the vulva. Chaussier gives this name to the
    of blood in the venous capillaries , constituting external pudic arteries , because they are dis
    the Face injectée. tributed to the vulva .
    VULTUS, Face . VULVARIA , Chenopodium vulvaria .
    VULVA , Uterus . See Vulva . VULVE , Vulva.
    Vulva , from ralra, ' a door,' Hortus, Cunnus, VULVO -UTERINE CANAL, Vagina.

    W.

    WAD, Graphites. WANT, from past participle of Saz. Þanian,


    WAISTCOAT, STRAIT, Indu'cula, (F.) Ca- ' to wane ;' to fall away. ' Need of thatwhich
    misole , Gilet do force. A dress , used for re. is necessary .' (F.) Besoin. This word is some
    straining maniacs, or those labouring under times used to express the imperious necessity
    violent delirium . It has long sleeves, which are which compels us to take food, drink, &c.
    tied behind the body , so that the arms cannot be ( See Hunger and Thirst.) In a more general
    extricated from them . It ought, of course , to sense, it ineans the impressions transmitted, by
    be made of very resisting materials. the organs to the brain , when it is necessary
    WAKE -ROBIN , Aruin maculatum . that they should act ; these wants are called
    WALKING , Gressus, Inces'sus , Deambula '. instinctive desires and internal sensations or
    tio , Ambula'lio, Badisis , ( F. ) La marche. The stimuli. Such are the desires to eat, drink ,
    action by which we change place, by means of void the urine , & c . & c .
    a succession of steps in the sane direction. In Want in the sense of Indigence, (L.) Egestas,
    walking forwards , the centre of gravity is con . Indigentia, is the cause of a numberof diseases.
    stantly altered ; and a series of sınall, parabolic WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEAD .
    curves is described on the heads of the thigh ACHE , Linimentum camphoræ compositum .
    hones , the extent of which is regulaied by voli- WART, Verruca --w . Corneous , Cornu .
    . tion , under the guidance of vision . WASH , BLACK, see flydrargyri submurias
    WALLACHIA , MINERAL WATERS OF.1 - w. Preventive , Lotion , Hannay's — w . White ,
    There are many excellent sulphureous springs Liquor plumbisubacetatis dilutus.
    in this country, especially those at Bobotsch, WASP, Vespa, Spher, ( F.) Guépe. A genus
    Finceschti, Sibitschiudi Suz , Bräsa , Otschin, of gregarious insecis , like the bee and the ant.
    Serboneschte , Kimpalungi , Kosia , and Olo- They are arined with a sting, which pours a
    neschti. Chalybeate and saline springs have poisonous fluid into the puncture made by it.
    also been found at Sibitschiudi Suz. - Siller. ( See Poisons, Table of.) The best application is
    WALLFLOWER , Cheiranthus cheiri. ihe Sp . ammoniæ aromaticus, or some prepara.
    tion of ammonia .
    WALNUT, Juglans regia- w . White , Jug. WASSERBURG , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    lans cinerea.
    W. is a town of Bavaria , seated on the Inn , 28
    WALLRUE , Asplenium ruta muraria . miles east of Münich . The water , called also
    WALTON , MINERAL WATERS OF . A Aqua Agatii, contains carbonic acid ; carbonates
    mineral spring near Tewkesbury , in Glou- of lime and magnesia ; sulphates of lime and
    cestershire, England. It is an acidulous cha- magnesia ; muriate of soda, carbonate of soda
    ly beate. and oxide of iron .
    WATER 737 WATER

    WATER, Aqua, Hydor, ‘v800, Alma, (F.) Eau . ria, (F.) Eau minérale. Water, holding in 80
    Water was, at one time, regarded as a simple lution different saline and gazeous substances,
    element. It is now known to consist of eight in sufficient quantity to be possessed of medi
    parts by weight of oxygen , and one of hydrogen. cinal properties.
    İt freezes at 32 °, and boils at 2120 ,of Fahrenheit; Mineral waters may be divided into four
    and is taken as the unit in all tables of the spe- classes :-1 . Gazcous or Acidulous. 2. Cha
    eous. These may
    cific gravity of solid and liquid substances.- lybeate. 3. Saline. 4. Sulphureou
    Water, as we meet with it, is very different in be thermal or cold, natural or artificial. Many
    its state of purity ; generally, it contains small of these divisions , however, run into each
    quantities of saline matter ; at other times,as in other ; some of the substances, which they
    sea water and mineral waters , it is largely im- hold dissolved, belonging to one class as well
    pregnated . as to another .
    The characters of water , as met with under 1. Gazcous, Acid'ulous or Carbonated Min '.
    ordinary circumstances, are well compared by eral Waters, Aquæ minera'les acidula , ( F.)
    Celsus, " Aqua levissima pluvialis esi ; deinde Eaur minerales gazcuses ou acidules. The
    fontana, tum er flumine, tum cx puteo : post hæc waters , referred to this class, are those that
    ex nire, aut glacie : grarior his eu lacâ, gravis- contain carbonic acid gas in such quantity as to
    sima ei palude." Pure water is one of the best communicate to it certain sensible qualities.
    diluents that can be used . When cold, and Waters, impregnated with free carbonic acid ,
    especially when iced , it is one of the most sparkle when drawn from the spring, or when
    useful refrigerants; and, in the form of the poured into a glass. They have a sharp , acidu
    cold , tepid , and warm bath, it is serviceable in lous taste ; but become vapid from exposure to
    numerous diseases . the air . Along with the carbonic acid , there
    Water, Rain , Aqua pluvia'lis, ( F.) Eau de are generally present portions of saline , earthy
    pluie, when collected at a distance from houses or metallic matter, chiefly carbonates of lime ,
    or other elevated objects, is the purest natural magnesia , and iron. Waters , highly impreg
    water , and has the least specific gravity. The nated with carbonic acid gas,are grateful to the
    only bodies which it usually holds in solution , stomach ; increase the appetite, and are diuretic ;
    are carbonic acid , and minute traces of car- hence, their utility in dyspepsia, hypochondria
    bonate and muriate of line. sis , and gout. Their properties are , of course ,
    Water, Spring, Aqua fonta'na, Ilydropegē, modified by the saline matter that may be also
    (F. ) Eau de fontaine, contains, in addition to contained in them .
    the substances detected in rain water , more or The most celebrated amongst the acidulous
    less sulphate of lime . When this is to such waters are those of Bar , Chateldon, SaintMyon ,
    an extent as to curdle soap,the wateris said to be Mont d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer, Sultzmatt, Pyr.
    hard ; if not, soft . Hard water is , of course ,infe- mont, Spa , Carlsbad,Cheltenham , Scarborough,
    riorto soft,for domestic and medicinal purposes. Saratoga , Ballston, and the Sweet Springs of
    Water, River , Aqua fluviatilis, is derived | Virginia .
    from the conflux of numerous springs and rain 2. Chalyb'eale or Ferru'ginous Mineral Wa
    water. It is, generally , pretty pure. ters, Aquae minera'les ferrugino'sa, ( F. ) Eaux
    Water, Well, Aqua putea'lis, (F.) Eau de minérales ferrugineuses, contain iron - sul
    puit, Eau de source,is the same as spring water, phate, muriate or carbonate , generally the lat
    but liable to impregnation, owing to the land ter-held in solution by an excess of acid.
    springs filtering into the wells, and conveying Chalybeate waters have a peculiar styptic taste.
    impurities into them . They are transparent, when taken from the
    IVater , Snow , Aqua niva'la, (F.) Eau deneige, spring ; but, when exposed for some time to
    has usually been deemed unwholesome. It ex- the air , a pellicle forms on the surface, and a
    actly reseinbles rain water, in composition ,and deposite takes place of the iron . Chalybeate
    is equally salubrious. waters are used as tonics in debility of all
    Water , Lake, Aqua er lacâ, (F.) Eau de lac, kinds ; in all cases, in fact, where iron is con
    is apt to be impure , from decayed animal and sidered to be indicated. They are the most
    vegetable matter . A great deal will, however, numerous of all the classes of mineral waters.
    depend upon the magnitude of the collection , In the present Dictionary , those only are spe
    and the degree of stagnation. cified which have some celebrity ; yet there
    Water, Marsh ,Aqua paludo'sa , (F.) Eau de Ma- are nearly ninety ; whilst there are aboutsixty of
    rais, is the most impure of all. It is generally the saline , and thirty- five of the sulphureous.
    more stagnant, and of course more loaded with The most celebrated chalybeates are those of
    decomposing animal and vegetable matters . Tunbridge, Scarborough , Spa, Bussang, Forges;
    Water, Distilled, Aqua destilla'ta, (F.) . Eau Vichy, Pyrmont, Passy, Provins, and Vals.
    distillée, Holy Water, is generally ordered in ex . 3. Saline Mineral Walcrs,Aquæ minerales sali'.
    temporaneous prescriptions, but is rarely used. ne, Amnu alcaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) ( F.) Eauz
    In some cases, however, it is absolutely ne. minérales salines. Waters, holding in solution
    cessary , as water, containing any saline im- different saline substances, in greater quantity
    pregnation - hard water, for example - decom- than the acidulous waters. They differ in pro
    poses certain substances. (See Incompatibles, i perties,according to the salts contained in them.
    Table of.) Distilled water has been recom- The salts usually present, are sulphates, mu
    mended as a diet-drink in cancerous affections; riates, and carbonates ; and the bases, with
    and it is used in the religious ceremonies of the which the acids forming these are combined,
    Catholic church . are soda , magnesia, and lime.
    Water, Mineral, Aqua mineralis, A. salu'- Saline mineral waters are usually aperient ;
    bris, 1. medica'ta , saluta 'rius, Aqua sote' . and the most noted arc those of Seltzer, Sedlitz,
    93
    WATER 738 WATER

    Balaruo, Bourbonne -les-Bains, Baden, Epsom , warm sulphur baths have been especially cele
    Cheltenham , &c . brated in such cases, as well as in rheumatic
    To this class may also be added Sea water. affections .
    4. Sulphu'reous Mineral Waters, Aqua mine- The most renowned sulphureous waters are
    rales sulphu'reæ ; when warm , termed Theio- those of Barèges, Bagnères-de -Luchon, Cau
    therme, Fontes sulphu'rei cal'idi,( F .) Eaux miné- terets, Bonnes, Aix in Savoy, Aix -la -Chapelle ,
    rales sulfureuses,Eaux sulfurées, E. sulfureuses, Enghien, Harrowgate, Moffat, Virginia Springs,
    E. hépatiques,& o. These waters owe their dis- & c.
    tinguishing character to an impregnation of sul- Some springs, as those of Bath , Buxton , Dax ,
    phuretted hydrogen; and are at once recog: Matlock , Warm and Hot Springs of Virginia,
    nised by their peculiar, fetid smell, resembling &c . , are almost pure Thermal Mineral Waters.
    that of rotten eggs . They usually contain They are valuable agents in rheumatic affec
    saline substances, which modify their powers. tions ; the warmth being equable during the
    From the action of the sulphuretted hydrogen , whole period the individual is immersed in
    they are employed in cutaneous affections; them ; which cannot be the case in the artificial
    and, from the combined action of this and the thermal bath.
    saline matter, they are valuable agents in dis. The following Table , by Dr. Ure, exhibits the
    eases of the digestive organs. They are also composition of some of the principal mineral
    employed in cutaneous eruptions ; and the waters, as well as of that of the sea :
    TABLE
    WATERS
    MINERAL
    CELEBRATED
    MOST
    THE
    .OF
    COMPOSITION
    OF
    CARBONAT ES SULPHATES
    OF OF
    MURIATES
    GASES
    .OF
    INCHES
    CUBIO
    of
    Grains Ma
    .
    SPRINGS
    THE
    OF
    NAMES .
    water -COxy- .
    arbon Sulph Magne ,
    Soda
    Magne
    .
    Soda
    Po
    . tagnshe-
    Iron Lime
    ture .

    hydro Soda
    . Lime
    . . . .
    sia

    Silica .
    iaci .
    sia .
    sia
    Resins.
    ge.. c nd
    Alumina.
    Tempera

    .
    gen

    Iron.
    Lime.

    Azote .
    .
    gr .
    gr .
    gr .
    gr .
    gr
    .
    gr .
    gr
    13.06
    43.5 5.22 78.3 6.32 13.74
    Seltzer
    1)( 8,9498 8.38 5.44 1.7 cold
    8,950 19.6 9.8
    4.3 0.70
    Pyrmont
    (1) 9.8 1.85 4.35
    1.85 0.70 0.21 cold
    (1)
    Spa 8,933 32.5 2.25 1650
    d 25,320
    50.0 38.5 12.5 66.75
    0.11-4th
    Carlsba
    (2) 1.25 13.0
    18.2
    1.31.4th 91.0 6.0 2.8
    0.6 cold
    6.0
    Kilbu
    1()0 rn 138,240 84.0 36.0 2.4

    Acidulous.
    0.5 615.5 9.1
    3.04 cold
    WATER, MINERAL

    4
    )(1Harro wgate 103,643
    8.0 19.0 7.0 5.5
    18.5
    3.6 cold
    Moffat
    )(14 1.0
    103,643 10.0 4.0 14301
    13.06 15.25
    5.89 6.21
    C-Aix
    l(3)ahapelle 8,940 33.3 5.8 2.4 8.0 cold
    (5)
    Enghien 92,160 18.5 7.0 1.35
    21.4

    rous.
    Sulphu
    21.0
    6.7 41.1 1444 36.5 cold
    Sedlitz 58,309
    8.0
    12.5
    5.0 cold
    Cheltenham
    (6) 103,643
    30.3 12.0
    3.0 ,
    5.0
    12.5 48.0 .40
    Plombieres .
    36 1.0 2.0 cold
    0.4
    739

    20
    )( 14,600 20.8 cold
    r
    p6.00475
    1gDunblane
    ..)s(7,291 0.5 0.17 3.7 21.
    0.5 0.9 20.2
    12.7 cold

    Saline.
    )(16
    Pitcaithley 1.
    7,291
    10.6
    1.4
    103,643 1.0 1.25 0.5 2.25 cold
    T(3) unbridge 4.0
    32.7 |12.2
    11.2 6.0 1.12 cold
    )Brighton
    (4 58,309
    18.0 15.1 cold
    Toeplitz
    (7) 22,540 16.5
    13.5 32.5 28.5
    61.3

    beale .
    Chaly
    0.004 18.0
    3.0 6.6 0.4 1140
    Bat
    )(8 h 15,360 1.6
    10.5 2.5 1.5 8201
    Buxton
    (9) 58,309 2.0
    7.25 7401
    58,309 13.5 11.7
    11.2 4.0
    1Bristol
    )( 1 660
    Matlock 58,309 .
    trace
    5.33 0.625
    0.92
    1.6 2.896 1.55 cold
    Malvern
    (15 58,309

    Calcareous ,
    nearly pure.
    Sea
    1Dead
    .g)s(100 7.211
    pr .054 10.1
    3.8
    10.676
    24.2
    10.6
    7.8
    Do. 1.g)s( 8.245 pr
    WATER, MINERAL

    15.31
    4.0
    6.95
    pr
    9.2283
    .1g)s(Do. 35.5
    5.7
    159.3 tracet
    ,Sea
    water
    )(1F6orth 7.291 25.6
    3) abington
    B.( M.(4) arcet .(5)Fourcroy F.6)
    ( othergill J.7)(ohn
    .(1)Bergmann .(2)Klaproth G.14 .Philip
    )D(15r. Murray
    D.)(16r.
    .(8)Phillips Pearson
    .(9) S.)(10chmesser .)C(11arrick ) arnet
    Marcet
    D.)(17r. .)K(18laproth 9.
    .)M(1Gay
    Lussac .)V(20auquelin Wollaston
    .fDr.
    WATERS 740 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

    Artificial Mineral Waters, (F.) Eaux minérales to be wedged in the pelvis, when it remains
    artificielles ou factices. These are imitations of fixed notwithstanding the uterine efforts.
    the natural ; and some of them - as the factitious The condition is called Incuneatio, Spheno'sis,
    Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz water - answer (F.) Enclarement.See Paragomphosis.
    the purposes of the natural water tolerably well. WEED , SILVER , Potentillvanserina.
    The acidulous and chalybeate waters are , how- WEIGHT, from Sax. pagan , to weigh ,' (F .)
    ever, most easily imitated . Pesanteur. A sensation of heaviness or pres
    WATER , SEA, Aqua Mari'na, Humor Dor'idis, sure over the whole body, or over a part : -the
    ( F.) Eau de Mer. This contains common salts stomach or head for example .
    and sulphate of magnesia , in large quantity . It WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera
    is cathartic and forms the usual glyster at sea. et Mensu're, ( F. ) Poids et Mésures. The in
    It makes an excellent tonic bath ; superior in portance of possessing a uniform system of
    most cases—especially in scrofula — to the fresh weights and measures has impressed the scien
    water bath . tific of all countries ; and numerous endeavours
    Water OF Aix La CHAPELLE , see Aix - la- have been made to accomplish the object. It
    Chapelle-w. Allflower, Urine, cows'- w . is , however, a matter of considerable difficulty,
    Barley, Decoctum Hordei-w . of Bitter Al- and one not likely to be attained. The new
    monds, Aqua Amygdalarum concentrata - w . French measures are upon decidedly the best
    Brash , Pyrosis - w . Carui, strong,Spiritus carui footing, but they are not adopted out of France.
    -w.Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinnamomi- w . The greatest diversity prevails over Europe in
    Epileptic of Langius, Langii aqua epileptica— the measures both of weight and capacity .
    w. Flag, yellow , Iris pseudacorus - w . Holy , Some of the following tables will show that
    Water, distilled - w . Honey, see Mel-w. in every subdivision of the pound, as well as the
    the Head , Hydrocephalus - w . Hungary , Spi- pound itself, differs in England and in France .
    ritus rosmarini - w . Jags, see Varicella - iv.
    Laurel , see Prunus lauro -cerasus - w . Laven Troy Weight, as used by the British Apothe
    caries .
    der, Spiritus lavandulæ-w. Lime, Liquor cal
    cis - w . Lime, compound, Liquor calcis com The pound 15 12 ounces .
    The ounce 8 drachms.
    positus — W . Nutmeg, Spiritus myristicæ - w . The drachm contains 3 scruples.
    Parsnep , creeping, Sium-w. Pennyroyal, spi
    rituous, Spiritus Pulegii - w . Qualm , Pyrosis The scruple 20 grains.
    w . Seydschütz , Sedlitz water- w. Styptic, Sy grai The n gr.
    denham's , Solutio sulphatis cupri composita - w . These , and the signs by which they are de
    Tar, see Pinus sylvestris . noted , are the same in all the British Pharmaco
    WATERS, DistilLED, Aquæ destillatæ—w. pæias, as well as in the American .
    First, Primitiæ . Ib . Oz . Dr’ms. Scrup. Grs .
    WATTWEILER , MINERAL WATERS 1 12 96 288 5760
    OF. W. is a small town in the department of 1 8 24 480
    Haut-Rhin , at the foot of the Vosges. The 1 3 60
    20
    waters are acidulous chalybeates, and contain 1
    carbonates of iron , lime, and soda ; muriate of
    Poids de Marc .
    soda, and free carbonic acid.
    The pound 16 ounces .
    WAX , YELLOW AND WHITE, Cera flava
    et alba . The ounce 8 drachms.
    The drachm contains 3 scruples .
    WAXING KERNELS, Crescentia , (F.) The scruple 24 grains .
    Croissances, Croissants, Glandes de croissance. The grain
    A popular term for small tumours, formed by Avoirdupois.
    an enlargement of the lymphatic glands - in Pound . Ounces . Drachms. Troy grains.
    the groins of children , particularly . They lb. 1 16 256 7000
    have been looked upon as connected with the oz . 1 16 437,5
    growth of the body, hence their name. dr . 1 27,31375
    WAY , Via , Passage, Odos, (F.) Voie. A
    name given to different canals. The avoirdupois drachm is sometimes divided
    TheDigestive Ways or Passages , Prima into
    grainsthree
    . Thescruples, and 7680
    pound or the scruple into ten
    grains avoirdu
    pic, (F.) Voies digestives, Premières voies, are pois 7000 grains troy , and hence 1 grain
    the series of hollow organs of digestion , com troy 1.097 grain avoirdupois.
    posed of mouth , esophagus, stomach, smalt and The Poids de Marc, is employed
    that the by the
    large intestines. The term is often restricted French Pharmaciens when new weights
    to the three first of these .
    are not.
    The SECOND Ways or PassaGES , Secunda riæ ,
    The offollowing
    (F.) Secondes voies, comprise the chyliferous , value Tablesandexhibit
    the old French Englishtheweights.
    relative
    lymphatic, and blood - vessels .
    WEANING, Sax. penan . Ablacta'tion , Ablac- Poids deMarc. Trou WC. Aroird. Troy grs.
    livre
    ta'tio , Apogalactis'mus, ( F. ) Sé vrage . The act of 1 pd. ( ) 1.3120876 =1.08014316 =7.561
    1 oz. ( ounce .) .98 150103 = 1.08014302 = 472.5025
    depriving the infant, permanently , of thebreast , 1 dr. ( g7:08.) .95-150-10r = 59.0703125
    in order to feed it on other and more solid nou- 1 gr. .820421
    rishment.
    WEB , MUSCULAR , Panniculus carnosus. Troy . Poids de Marc. French grains,
    WEB- EYE, Caligo. 1 pound. 0.76180 16 . 7561
    1 ounce . 1.01574 once = 585.083
    WEDGED , ( D.) wegge, inclu'sus, Inhærens, 1 drachm . 1,01574 gros = 73.135
    ( F.) Enclavéc . The head of the fætus is said 1 grain . 1.219
    WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 741 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

    Avoirdupois. Poids de Marc . French grains. PROPORTIONS OF THE APOTHECARIES AND WINE
    1 pound 0.925803 15. 8532.3 GALLON ,
    1 ounce 0.923803 once . = 533.27
    Gal . Pints. Fluidoz . Fluidr. Minims, Cub . inches.
    1 = 8 128 1024 = 61449 = 231
    To convert French grains into Troy 1 16 128 = 7680 28.875
    grains, divide by 1.2189 1 8 480 1.8047
    Troy grains into French 1 60 .2256
    grains multiply by
    French ounces into Troy IMPERIAL MEASURE , ADOPTED BY THE LONDON
    ounces , divide by 1.015734
    Troy ounces into French COLLEGE IN THEIR PHARMACOPEIA OF 1836 .
    ounces, multiply by Gallon . Pints. Fluidounces . Fluidrachms. Minims.
    To convert French ' pounds (poids 1 = 8 = 160 1280 76800
    de marc) into Troy 1 = 20 160 9600
    pounds, multiply by 1.31208 1 8 480
    Troy pounds into Frerich 1 60
    pounds, divide by
    Poids de Marc or
    French grain . COMPARATIVE VALUE OF THE PROPORTIONS OF
    Troy grain . THE WINE AND IMPERIAL GALLONS .
    1.219
    2 2.438 Wine. Imperial.
    3.657 Pints. Fluidoz Fluidr. Minims.
    ‫ܟܬ‬
    ‫ܘܘܬ‬
    ‫ܒ‬

    ‫ܕܘܗܕܗ‬

    4.876 1 gallon 6 13 2 23
    6.095 I pint 16 5 18
    7.314 I fluidounce 1 0 20
    7 8.533 I fluidrachi 1 21
    8 9.753
    9 10.972
    Imperial, Wire .
    French grain . Troy grain . Gallon , Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims.
    1 0.8233 5 8
    1.6406
    | gallon 1 9
    1 3 1 38
    1 pint
    2.4609 I fluidounce 7 41
    3.2812 1 fluidrachm 58
    4.1015
    4.9218
    5.7421
    6.5624 FRENCI MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
    9 7.3827 English cubic inches. Wine measure .
    Millilitre .061028 = 16.2318 minims.
    New French Decimal WEIGHTS. Centilitre .610280 2.7053 fluidracbms.
    Decilitre 6.102800 3.3816 fluidounces.
    Troy grains . Litre 61.028000 2.1135 pints .
    Milligramme .0154
    Centigramme .1544 Decalitre 610.280000 2.6419 gallons.
    Decigramme 1.5444 Hectolitre 6102.800000
    Gramme 15.4440 lb. oz . dr . gr . Kilolitre 61028.000000
    Decagramme 151.4102 = 0 0 2 34,4 Myrialitre 610280.000000
    0000000000-000

    Hectogramme 1341.4023 0 3 1 44.4


    Kilogramme 15444.0234 = 2 8 1 24 Approximative comparison between the ancient
    Myriagramme 154440.2344 26 9 6 0 French Measures of capacity and the new,
    and conversely.
    Comparative Value of the French Medicinal Grammes. Litres . Decilitres . Centilitres,
    Pound and that of other places. 1 poisson 125 or 0 1 2
    1 demi-setier 250 or 0
    lbs . oz . dr . gr . 1 chopine 500 or 0
    Germany 0 15 4 48 1 pinte = 1000 or 1
    Amsterdam 1 00 0 42
    Belgium 1 000 42
    1 00 0 00 Grammes . lbs . oz . dr . gr .
    Berne 1 centilitre = 10 or 0 0 21 00
    Copenhagen 15 3 20
    Florence 11 0 50 divided into 12 oz . I decilitre = 100 or 0 3 2 00
    1 litre = 1000 or 2 0 3 36 = 2.113 E.w.pts,
    Genoa 10 5 60 do.
    Geneva 1 00 0 18
    Hamburg 15 2 15
    Lisbon 0 15 7 68 MEASURES OF LENGTH ,
    Inches.
    London 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz .
    Madrid 0 15 0 16 I line, the 12th part of an inch .
    Milan 0 9 3 00 1.000
    3 barley corns
    Monaco 15 2 23 A palm or hand's breadth ( Scripture measure ) 3.648
    4.000
    Naples 10 7 54 divided into 12 oz . A hand (horse measure )
    Paris 1 00 000 divided into 16 oz . A span (Scripture measure ) 10.944
    Rome 11 0 50 do . into 12 oz . Afoot 12.000
    Stockholm 13 7 8 A cubit ( Scripture measure for common pur
    United States 0 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz . poses) 18.000
    Warsaw 1 10 4 24 A cubit ( Scripture measure for sacred pur
    Venice 0 8 600 21.888
    poses) 27.000
    Vienna 1 2 2 32 A Flemish ell
    33 ft. 00
    A yard 3 · 09
    MEASURES OF CAPACITY. An English ell 6 00
    A falkum or toise
    English Measure of Fluids.
    The gallon (congius) r 8 pints .
    New French Measures of Length,
    The pint ( octarius) 16 fluid ounces. English inches .
    The fluidounce f.3 contains j 8 fluid draclıms. Millimetre 0.039
    The fluidrachm f. 3 60 minims. Centimetre 0.393
    Decimetre 3.937 yd. 1. inch .
    The minim m Metro 39.371 1 0 3.37
    WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 742 WHISKEY

    VALUES OF THE GRECIAN, ROMAN, AND ARA lbs. oz. dr. gr .


    10 ] 18
    BIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN Poids DE The phial, haffilius, or hassitinus
    The calix or rejelati 5 0 44
    MARC . The handful, pugillum , cornusum 3 2 68
    1. Weights of the Ancient Greeks. The hassut, acsasse, or an esime 2 4 20
    lbs . oz. dr. gr. The conos or coatus, alcantus or almunesi,
    briale cuabus 1 5 34
    The talent 54 2 5 24 The lesser bachates 5 56
    The mina 14 3 40 The largest spoonful 4 44
    1 11 1 52
    The drachm A spoonful
    The obolus 13 The colanos or reclanarium 1 28
    The ceration 4
    A smull spoonful orflagerina, or cyanes 1 11
    The chalcus The smallest spoonful or fahaliel 42
    The septor

    2. Wrights of the Ancient Romans. Besides the weights and measures, employed
    oz . dr. gr. by the moderns, already mentioned , there are
    The pound (libra) 10 6 48 some modes of estimating the quantities of
    The ounce (uncia )
    The duella
    7
    2
    16
    29
    substances by approximation . For example :
    1 58
    The sicilicus
    The sertula 1 14
    A glassful or cupful, ((F.) Verre ) is reckoned
    1 2
    to contain 4 or 5 fluidounces .
    The consular denier, denarius
    The imperial denier or drachm , drachma 65 A wine glassful, 1 } ounce or 2 ounces.
    The victoriatus 37
    21
    A table spoonful, ( (F.) Cuiller à bouche) about
    The scriptulum or scruple half an ounce .
    The obolus 11
    The siliqua A coffee or dessert spoonful,about 3 drachnus.
    4

    The Greeks divided their obolus into chalci AA tea spoonful, a fluidrachm .
    handful, manipulus. ( (F.) Poignée.)
    and lepta : some divided it into 6 chalci, and The Pugillus is as much as can be held by the
    each chalcus into 7 lepta : others into 8 chalci , three fingers. ( ( F.) Pincée .)
    and every chalcus into 8 lepta or minuta .
    are occasionallyTheir
    lasttheFrench
    These by
    3. Weights said to be of the Arabians, Modern scribed . pre
    quantities practitioners
    Greeks, and Latins of the barbarous periods weights must, ofcourse,vary, according to the
    of the Middle Ages. article. The authors of the Parisian codex have
    oz . dr. gr.
    The alchemion 14 3 40 valued them , as regards certain substances.
    The manes or ominos 10 6 28
    oz . dr .
    Sacros, augbhen , adar, assatil 7 16
    3 44 A Manipulus of barley weighs 3 21
    The great or royal nut 3 44
    linseed 14
    The sertarius stater (
    linseed meal 3 3
    The lesser nut 2 50 66
    Alioranus 2 29 dried mallow leaves 1 3
    2 14 dried chicory leaves 10
    Aureus , Alcobolus 66
    flowers of the tilia 1 21
    The hazel nul, bendacate, holca , alchi, darchi
    mi , ato gochilos, ologinat, nabach 1 11 dr. scr. gr .
    The acorn ,lupine, Egyptian ,or Syrian bean , A Pugillus of camomile flower weighs 2
    the bachil 42 arnica 1 2
    The Alerandrian bean or tremessis 30 marsh -mallow 1 1
    mallow 60
    The Greck bean or gramme, the kermet, 21 fennel seeds 1 61
    gonum , harmi , gracchus 66
    Thering, cumulus , seminet, onolosich, ona anisced
    lossat 11
    The danich 8
    The kirat, alkilat, kararit
    A hen's egg, newly laid, weighs about 2 ounces
    4
    and 2 drachms :—when deprived of its shell 2
    1. Greek Measures. The white weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms,
    ounces .

    "The motretes
    lbs. oz. dr
    84 4 3 00
    . gr. and 57 grains : the yolk, 5 drachms and 15
    The chus , choa , congius 7 0 2 66 grains .
    The xestes 1 1 7 44 WELK , Gutta rosea.
    The cotyle 8 7 58 WEMDING , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    The tetrarton 4 3 05
    The oxybaphon 2 1 69 These waters are situate about four leagues
    The cyathos 1 4 00 from Donawert in Bavaria. They contain sul
    The conche 6 00 phuretted hydrogen ; carbonates of lime , mag
    The mystron 00 nesia, and soda ; sulphates of lime and magne
    3
    The chama minor 2 00
    The cochlearion 100 sia ; a little muriate of lime, and oxide of iron ;
    and are much used in asthenic diseases.
    2. Roman Measures of Capacity. WEN , Sax. ren, Lu'pia , Tumour ( 9. v. ,) (F.)
    lbs. oz . dr. gr. Loupe. A name given to circumscribed , indo
    The ampkora or cadus 56 2 7 24
    The urna 28 1 3 48 lent tumours, withoutinflammation or change
    The congius 7 0 2 66 of colour of the skin . They may be met with in
    The sertarius 1 4 7 44 almost every part of the body. Their magnitude,
    The hemina 10 1 18
    The quartarius 5 0 45 as well as nature, is very variable . The term
    The acetabulum 2 4 23 is sometimes confined to an encysted tumour.
    The cyathus or small glass 15 30 WHEAT, Triticum - w . Indian, Zea mays
    The ligula or spoonful 3 24 w . Turkey , Zea mays.
    3. Measures said to of the Arabian , Arabist, WHELK , Acne.
    and Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages. WHELK, Chin, Sycosis .
    lbs. oz . dr . gr . WHEY , Serum lactis— w. Rennet, see Se
    The misschaos weighed 3 8 1 33 rum lactis - w . Tamarind , see Tamarindus.
    Aben , kirt, cjub, eberia, or Roman mina 16 000 WHISKEY . See Spirit.
    WHISTLING 743 WINE

    WHISKEY ; a spirituous liquor obtained from and sometimes of an aromatic substance. The
    oats , potatoes, & c. by distillation. See Spirit . extractive colouring matter is chiefly met with in
    WHISTLING , Sifflement. red wines . All these constituents, except the
    WHITE , FLAKE, Plumbi subcarbonas - w . alcohol, are found ready formed in the grape.
    Leg, Phlegmatia dolens -- w . Root, Asclepias The alcohol proceeds from the decomposition
    tuberosa - w. Spanish, Bismuth , subnitrate of — of the saccharine matter. A part of the acetic
    w. Swelling, Hydrarthrus - w . Swelling of acid is, also, formed during fermentation.
    lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens—w . Wood, The following Table, drawn up by Mr.
    Liriodendron . Brande, exhibits the quantity of spirit in dif
    WHITES, THE, Leucorrhæa. ferent kinds of wine and liquors. It is proper,
    WHITLOW , Paronychia . however, to remark, that many of these wines
    WHOOPINGCOUGH , Pertussis . are prepared for the London market, and are
    WHORTLEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus, more brandied or reinforced ,than the same va
    Vaccinium vitis Idæq-w . Bears ', Arbutus uva rieties sold in the United States. This is strik .
    ursi. ingly the case with port. Dr. Henderson, too ,
    WHORTS, BLACK , Vaccinium myrtillus. has remarked, that some of the wines analyzed
    WIDOW.WAIL, Cneorum tricoccum , by Mr. Brande,were mixed with a considerable
    Daphne alpina. quantity of adventitious alcohol. Dr. Hender
    WIESSAU , MINERAL WATERS OF. son's additions and corrections have the letter
    These waters are situate about four leagues H. affixed .
    from the Convent of Waldsassen in Bavaria.
    They contain carbonic acid ; carbonates of lime PROPORTION OF Alcohol , 8. G. 0.825 , IN ONE
    and magnesia ; muriates of lime, magnesia , and HUNDRED PARTS BY MEASURE OF THE FOLLOW
    alumine ; carbonate of soda , and much oxide of ING WINES, AND MALT AND SPIRITUOUS LI
    iron . The Bavarians consider them to resem . QUORS .
    ble the waters of Pyrmont. 1. Lissa ... 26.47
    WILD, Sax. pilo, (D. ) Wild . An epithet Do ... ..24.35
    given to the countenance, when not in har.
    mony with the situation of the individual, and Average, (a) 25.41
    indicating strong, mental emotion . A 'wild 2. Raisin Wine ..... ..26.40
    Do...... ..25.77
    look, (F.) Physionomie égarée. Do..... . 23.20
    WILDUNGEN , MINERAL WATERS OF .
    W. is situate a few miles from Cassel in Ger Average, 25.12
    Marsala ... ..26.03
    many . In its neighbourhood are severalmine . Do .. ..25.05
    ral springs ; the chief of which , according to Average, (6) 25.09
    Stucke, contain a bituminous matter; muriate .23.48
    and sulphate ofsoda ; carbonate and sulphate of 4. Port - average of six kinds..
    Do. - highest 25.83
    lime, &c. They are used , chiefly, as refrige. Do,-lowest ..21.40
    rants .
    WILLOW , Salis -- w . Herb, common , Lyth. 5. Madeira .24.42
    Do ...... ..23.93
    rum salicaria - w . Herb , purple , Lythrum sali. Do. ( Sercial). ....... 21.45
    caria - w . Red , Cornus sericea - w . Rose , Cor Do ...... 19.24
    nus sericea - w . Sweet , Myrica gale . Average , 22.27
    WIND, V'entus, Anemos, ( F. ) Vent. Winds 20.55
    exert considerable influence on the animal 6. Currant Wine..
    economy ; acting by their temperature, which 7. Sherry .19.81
    Do ...... . 19.83
    necessarily modifies that of the circumambient Do...... ..18.79
    air , as well as by their moisture or dryness ; and Do..... .18.25
    by the emanations of different kinds, which
    they transport to greater or less distances. The Average, 19.17
    8. Teneriffe ... 19.79
    winds, which blow over a considerable extent 9. Colares ... ... 19.75
    of country , are dry and serene ; those which 10. Lachryma Christi . .19.70
    come from the ocean, are moist and chilly . ..19.75
    WIND Dropsy , Emphysema - w . Flower, 11. Constantia - red white
    . (c) 18.92
    Anemone- w. Pipe, Trachea - w . Root, Ascle 12. Lisbon.. .18.94
    pias tuberosa. Malaga . 18.94
    WINDY, Flatulen'tus, Flatulent, ( F.) Ven 13.
    14. Bucellas . .18.49
    teur . That which causes wind or flatulence ; ..22.30
    also, that which is caused by wind or flatu . 15. Red Madeira .18.40
    lence ;—as windy food, windy colic, & c. Do......
    , Enos, (F.) Vin. A name ,
    WINE , Vinum to all liquors that have be? 16. Cape Muscat Average , 20.35
    given by chymists .18.25
    come spirituous by fermentation. The term is 17. Cape Madeira .22.94
    Do... .20.50
    generally, however, restricted to the fermented Do..... .18.11
    juice of the grape ; or of fruits, the product of
    whose fermentation resembles, in most respects, 18. Grape Wine Average, 20.51
    .18.11
    that of the juice of the grape. 19.20
    Wine is composed of alcohol ; saccharine 19. Calcavella ..18.10
    Do .....
    matter ; malic acid ; tartaric acid ; supertartrate Average , 18.65
    of potass ; acetic acid ; an extractive colouring
    maiter, more or less bitter, and partly resinous; ( a ) 15.90 H. ( 6) 18.40 H. ( c ) 14.50 H.
    WINE WOMB

    20. Vidonia .. 19.23 The only wine recommended in some phar


    21. Alba Flora . 17.26 macopæias, is the Sherry, Vinum , Vinum album
    22. Malaga ... .17.26 Hispanicum . It is a dry wine ; the least varia
    23. White Hermitage . .17.43 ble in its properties , and agrees best with the
    24. Roussillon .19.00 dyspeptic . Other wines, used officinally are, -
    Do ..... .17.26 the Canary or Sack wine, Vinum Canarinum ;
    Average, 18.13 Mountain wine, Vinum album montanum ; Tent
    25. Claret .... 17.11 wine ; Rhenish wine, Vinum Rhenanum ; and
    Do..... .16.32 Port wine, the Vinuin rubrum Portugallicum .
    Do..... 14.08 The wines , habitually drunk , are almost in
    Do .... 12.91 numerable. Those that are sweet, or contain
    Average, (d) 15.10 a large portion of free, saccharine matter, are
    26. Malmsey Madeira .. 16.40 decidedly the least wholesome to the dyspeptic .
    27. Lunel 15.52 When wine is good , and of a proper age , it
    28. Scheraaz .. 15.52 is tonic and nutritive ; when new , flatulent
    29. Syracuse . 15.28 and cathartic ;-disagreeing with the stomach
    30. Sauterne 14.22 and bowels. In Medicine, it is a valuable tonic
    31. Burgundy .16.60 in the last stages of typhus, when the skin is
    Do...... .15.22 not too hot and dry . Its use ,however, requires
    Do..... .14.53 great caution ; and when once commenced un
    Do..... .11.95 der proper circumstances, it cannot be suddenly
    Average , 14.57 dropped without mischief. It is, perhaps, the
    32. Hock ... 14.37 best permanent stimulus in the catalogue of the
    Do .. 13.00 materia medica.
    Do. (old in cask) 8.88 WINE , AMINAN , Aminæum vinum- w. of
    Average , 12.08 Aloes , Vinum aloes --w . Antimonial, Vinnm
    Rudesheimer ( 1811 ) . .H. 10.72 antimonii tartarizati - w . Antiscorbutic, Vinum
    Do...... ( 1800) .. .H . 12. 22 antiscorbuticum - w . Aromatic, Vinum aroma
    Average , H. 11.47 ticum-w . Bark , compound, Vinum de kinâ
    Johannisberger ... .H . 8.71 kinâ compositum -- w . Barley , Cerevisia—w.
    33. Nice .... ..14.63 Bitter, diuretic , Vinum diureticum amarum .
    34. Barsac .... 13.86 WINE BITTERS , Vinum ge ianæ comp. The
    35. Tent.. .13.30 formulæ for these may be various. The follow
    36. Champagne ( still) .. .13.80 ing is as good and agreeable as any . ( Rad .
    Do....( sparkling ) .12.80 gentian. lbj, cort. aurant. Zx, sem. cardam . cort.
    Do .... (red) .. .12.56 ziv , cinnam . cort . Ziv , wine, foreign or domestic ,
    Do ..... .11.30 ihree gallons and a half. Tonic and stomachic.
    Average , 12.61 WINE , CEDAR , Cedrinum vinum-w. Chian ,
    37. Red Hermitage . 12.32 Chium vinumtw . of Colchicum , Vinum col
    38. Vin de Grave .. .13.94 chici - w . of Gentian , compound Vinum genti
    Do.... .12.80 anæ compositum - w . of Hellebore, white, Vi
    Average , 13.37 num veratri -- w . Ipecacuanha, Vinum ipecacu
    39. Frontignac .. .12.79 anhæ - w . of Iron , Vinum ferri — w . Medicated ,
    40. Cote Rotie . 12.32 Vinum medicinale- w . of Opium, Vinum opii
    41. Gooseberry Wine .11.84 -w. Pullet, Poulet, vin de - w . of Quinine, Vi.
    42. Orange Wine-average num quinine - w . Rhubarb, Vinum rhej pal
    of six samples made mati - w . Steel , Vinum ferri -- w . Tobacco, Vi.
    by a London manu num tabaci - w . of Wormwood , Vinum absin
    facturer . 11.26 thites.
    43. Tokay .. 9.88
    9.87 WINTER BARK TREE, Wintera aromatica
    44. Elder Wine . -w . Berry, Virginia , Prinos —w . Green , round
    45. Rhenish Wine H. 8.71 leav ed, Pyrola.
    46. Cider- highest average . 9.87
    WIN'TERA AROMATICA . The Winter
    lowest .. 5.21
    Bark Tree. The Bark , Cortex Winteranus,
    47. Perrymaverage of four samples . 7.26
    48. Mead 7.32 Cortex Winteranus Magellan'icus, Cortex Magel
    49. Ale ( Burton ) .. 8.88 lan'icus, ( F.) Écorce de Winter, Cannelle poivrée,
    is very much allied in its properties to the
    Do. (Edinburgh ) 6.20
    Do. (Dorchester 5.56
    Canella alba , (q. v . )
    Average, 6.87
    WISBADEN , MINERAL WATERS OF.
    50. Brown Stout .... 6.80 W. is a town of Germany, about 6 miles north
    51. London Porter (average ) 4.20 of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. The wa
    Do. Small Beer (average). 1.28 ters appear to be simple sulphureous, and much
    52. Brandy .. 53.39 frequented .
    53. Rum .. .53.68 WISMUTHUM , Bismuth.
    54. Gin ... .51.60 WOLFSBANE, Aconitum - w . Claw , Lyco
    55, Scotch Whiskey . .54.32 podium
    56. Irish do .... ..53.90 WOMB, Uterus - w . Falling down of the ,
    Prolapsus uteri - w . Grain , Ergot - w . Lacera
    (d) 12.91 H. tion of the, Uterus , rupture of the-w. Tym
    pany of the, Physometra,
    WOODBINE, COMMON 745 WORT

    WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera pericly. | animals, and hence their name entozoa, from
    menum , EVTOS, ' within,' and (wor, ' animal .' They are
    WOODLICE , Onisci aselli. met with , not only in the natural cavities, but
    WOODROOF, SWEET-SCENTED, As- even in the tissue of the organs. Cuvier, Ru
    perula odorata. dolphi , Brera , Bremser, Laënnec , and others,
    WOODS, SUDORIFYIC , ( F. ) Bois sudori. have endeavoured to class them ,-- some ac
    fiques. This term is applied, collectively, to the cording to their shape ; others , according to
    guaiacum , sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla ; their anatomical characters.
    which are often used together to form the su The following table exhibits the entozoa,
    dorific decoction .
    WOODSORREL, Oxalis acetosella. which have been met with in the human body,
    WORM BARK TREE , Geoffræa inermis and their usual habitat.
    Entozoa . Where Found .
    W. Goosefoot, Chenopodium anthelminticum Tricocephalus dispır,
    --w . Grass, perennial, Spigelia Marilandica- Oxyuris vermicularis,
    w . Guinea, Dracunculus . Ascaris lumbricoides, Intestines.
    Bothriocephalus latus ,
    WORM LOZ'Enges, Ching's. Empirical pre Tania solium ,
    parations , which consist of yellow and brown Diplosoma crenata ,
    lozenges. The former are directed to be taken Spiroptera hominis , Urinary Bladder.
    in the evening ; the latter on the following Distoma
    ius tus
    aculea ,
    Dactyl hepaticum Gall Bladder.
    morning . Strongylus gigas, Kidney .
    The Yellow Lozenges. ( Saffron, 3ss, wa- Filaria oculi, Eye .
    add of white pa-
    ter tbj; boil, and strain : andwashed Acephalocystis endogena, Liver.
    nacea of mercury (calomel in spirit of Echinococcus hominis, Liver, Spleen and Omentum .
    Ovary :
    wine) itj, white sugar 28 lbs, mucilage of gum Filária bronchialis, Bronchial glands.
    Divide
    tragacanth , q . s . , to make a mass. ; so Trichina spiralis
    , Muscles.
    that each lozenge contains a grain of the pa- Cysticercus cellulosæ ,
    nacea .) Acephalocystis multifida, Brain .
    Filaria medinensis, Cellular texture .
    The Brown Lozenges . ( Panacea Zvij, resin
    of jalap Ibiijss ,white sugar bix , mucilage of gum The most common of these are ;-lhe Ox
    tragac. q . s. Each lozenge to contain gr. ss of yures vermiculares , Ascarides lumbricoides,
    the panacea .) and Tænia, which are found in the intestines.
    WORM , SEED, Artemisia santonica , Chenopo- The origin of these worms is extremely singu
    dium anthelminticum - w . Weed, Corsican, lar and more favourable than any other fact to
    Corallina Corsicana - w . Weed , white, Coral. the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, in
    lina - w . Wood , common , Artemisia absinthiun the lowest tribes of animated nature. They
    -w . Wood , creeping, Artemisia rupestris -- w . certainly do not resemble any worms out
    Wood, Lesser, Artemisia pontica-w. Wood, of the body. They are most commonly met
    Roman , Artemisia pontica-w . Wood , sea, with in children improperly fed ; but their pre
    Artemisia maritima--w. Wood , silky, Arte- sence cannot be positively detected by any
    misia glacialis. symptom , except that of the discharge of the
    WORMIA’NA OSSA , Ossa epacta'lia , Ossa worms themselves, in the evacuations. They
    triquetra, Ossa triangula'ria Blasii, Claves cal. may, of course , give rise to every kind of irrita
    va'rie, ( F. ) Os Wormiens , Clefs du crâne, Os tion in the intestinal tube, and to sympathetic
    épactaux, Os surnuméraires , (Ch .) Os intercalés, disturbance in most of theother functions; but
    Os triangulaires. Small bones, which are some all these signs may be produced by intestinal
    times observable in the sutures of the bones of irritation resulting from other causes.
    the cranium , of which they form a part. They Anthelminticsor nermifuges, employed, as the
    were called Wormiana, from Olaus Wormius , name imports, for their removal, may be of two
    who is said to have first described them . They kinds—mechanical , and true. To the first class
    had been previously, however, mentioned by -the mechanical-belong Emetics , Purgatives,
    Guinterus Andernachus, a physician at Stras- the Dolichos pruriens, powdered Tin, & c. To
    burg . The ossa wormiana exist more com- the latter - the true anthelmintics— Asafatida,
    monly in the sutures of the vault of the skull ; Petroleum , Turpentine, the Chenopodium An
    especially in the lambdoidal, sagittal, and squa- thelminticum , Pink -rool, Semina Santonici, &c.
    mous. They are uncommon at the base of the Of these the best is the lurpentine. See Oleum
    skull . Their size is very variable , and shape Terebinthinæ.
    irregular. Their structure and development The great object, however, is to prevent their
    are similar to those of the other bones of the generation. This must be done by generous
    cranium ; and, like them , they are bounded by diet, fresh air, and tonics where necessary.
    sutures. Worms, Helminthiasis .
    WORMS, Vermes, Intes'tinal Worms, En. WORT, ( F. ) Moût de la Bière. An infusion
    tozo'a , Entozod'ria , Enterozo'a , Vermes intesti'ni, of malt. This has been recommended in scurvy.
    Enthelmin'thes, Helmin'thi , Helminthia Alvi ,and One measure of ground malt is added to three
    H. Pod'icis, (F.) Vers, Vers intestinaur, Ento- equal measures of boiling water. The mixture
    zoaires. Animals which , according to Cuvier, must be well stirred, and left to stand covered
    form themedium between the class of wormsand three or four hours. Dose , one to four pints,
    that of zoophytes. They appear to have neither daily . It has, also, been recommended in other
    cartilages nor blood-vessels . Some species cases,where a strong putrescent disposition ap
    seem to have a nervous system formed of gan. peared to prevail in the fluids, as in cancerous
    glions, but the majority are devoid of it. Their and phagedenic ulcers. It is not now em.
    common character is that of existing only in ployed.
    94
    WOUND 746 YAWNING

    WOUND , Sax.þund , Vulnus, Plaga, Trau-, body ; poisoned (F.) Plaie endenimee, when
    ma, Tresis, Tresis Vulnus, Blabe, Tymma, (F.) some virulent or venomous substance has been
    Plaie, Blessure. A solution of continuity in introduced ;-and contused, ( F ;) Plaie contuse,
    the soft parts, produced by some mechanical when produced by a blunt body: Gunshot
    agent. Wounds present innumerable differ- wounds, Sclopetoplagæ, (F.) Plaies d'armes à feu
    ences, as regards their situation ; the parts in- ou d'arquebusade, Coup de feu , belong to the
    terested : their direction ; size ; shape ; the na- last division .
    ture of the instrument or agent by which they WRACK , BLADDER, YELLOW, Fucus
    are produced ; their more or less simple or vesiculosus— w . Sea, Fucus vesiculosus.
    complex character, duration , &c . A wound is WRENCH , Sprain .
    called incised, (F.) Coupure, Incision , when madeWRINKLE, Kuga, Rytis, (F.) Ride. A fur
    by a cutting instrument;-punctured ,(F.)Piqure, row or fold in the skin of the face, forehead,
    when made by a pointed instrument;-lacerated, vagina,&c.
    (F.) Déchirure, Plaie par arrachement, when the WRIST , Carpus.
    parts are lacerated or torn by the wounding ! WRONG HEIR, Cancellus,

    X.

    XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa. A kind of regimen to which the ancient athlete


    XAN'THIUM , X. struma'rium , Barda'na subjected themselves, with the view of increas
    minor, Lappa minor. The lesser Burdock . (F.) ing their strength ,
    Lampourde, Petit Glouteron, Petite Bardane. XEROPHTHAL'MIA , Ophthalmia sicca ;
    This herb, as its name imports, was once es- from trgos , dry ,' and oygażuia, inflammation
    teemed in the cure of scrofula. The seeds of the eye.' A dry inflammation of the eye ,
    have been administered in cutaneous affec- without discharge. Also, Lippitudo, (q. v .)
    tions. XEROTRIBIA . See Friction .
    XANTHOP'SIA , from Eavdos, yellow ,' and XIPHOID , Xiphoï'des, Ensifor'mis, from
    0415, vision .' Yellow vision, -as sometimes $ 190$ , ' a sword ,' and Erdoş , ' shape. The Car
    occurs in jaundice . tila'go Xiphoides, C. Xiphoidea, C. Ensiformis,
    XANTHORIZA , Zanthoriza apiifolia. En' siform cartilage, Furcella inferior, Mucro
    XANTHOS, Yellow . na'lum os , Mucronata Cartilago, Chondros, (F.)
    XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM , Zan. Appendice ou cartilage xiphoide, Appendice sous
    thoxylum clava Herculis. sternale , Palette . The name of the appendix
    XÁNTICA , Carminatives . which terminates the sternum beneath ; and
    XANTOLINA, Artemisia santonica. which is so called from some resemblance to a
    XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying . sword .
    XERANTIA , Siccantia. The X1phoid LiG'AMENT, Costo - riphoid L.
    XERAPHYTUM , from Ergos, dry. ' A dry. (F.) Ligament xiphoïdien ou costo- riphoïdien ,
    ing application , used in eruptions of the head is a small , very thin, ligamentous fasciculus,
    and chin . - Paulus of Ægina. which passes from the cartilage of prolonga
    XERA'SIA . Same etymon . A disease of | tion of ihe 7th rib to the anterior surface of the
    the hairs, which become dry, cease to grow , xiphoid cartilage, into which it is inserted by
    and resemble down covered with dust.-Galen. its fibres decussating with those of the opposite
    XERION , Catapasma. ligament.
    XEROCOLLYRIUM, Collyr'ium siccum . A XYLO -ALOES, A gallochum - x . Balsamum ,
    dry collyrium . see Amyris opobalsamum -- x. Cassia , Laurus
    XEROMYCTE’RIA , from $ 2,00s, ' dry ,' and cassia - x.Cinnamomum , Laurus cinnamomum .
    peuxing , the pose' Dryness of the nose . XYRIS , Iris fætidissima .
    SEROMYRON , Unguen'tum siccum ; from
    &rgos, 'dry,' and urpor,' an ointment. ' A dry XYSMA , Rasura , Scobs.
    ointment.- Gorræus. XYSMOS, Rosura .
    XEROPHA'GIA , from Ergos, dry ,' and XYSTERA , Raspatorium .
    gayw , ‘ I eat.' Excessive use of dry aliment. XYSTOS, Linteum .

    Y.

    YAM . This esculent root is principally ob- YARD , Penis.


    tained from three species of Diosco'reathe YARROW , COMMON , Achillea millefo
    ala'ta , bulbif'cra ,and sati'oa. They grow spon- lium.
    taneously in both the Indies, and their roots YAUPON, Ilex vomitoria .
    are eaten , promiscuously, as the potato is with YAWNING , Sax. 3eonan , Chasmė, Chas
    us . Their taste is somewhat like the potato . mos, Hia'tus, Oscita'tio, Clonus pandicula'tio
    YAWS 747 ZINC

    mazilldrum , Gaping, (F.) Baillement. Yawn- YEST, Yeast, Sax. zert , Cerevis'iæ Fermen'
    ing consists of a deep inspiration, with con. tum , Spuma Cerevisiæ , Barm, ( F.) Levure, Le
    siderable separation of the jaws ; executed vure de la Bière. The scum , which collects on
    slowly and in an involuntary manner, and fol. the surface of beer whilst fermenting. Yest is
    lowed by a prolonged and more or less sono antiseptic and tonic. It has been much ex
    rous expiration. This respiratory movement is tolled in putrid fevers, -a table spoonful being
    preceded by a feeling of oppression in the epi- given as a dose in porter, wine , & c. It is , also,
    gastric region, and in the muscles of respira- applied in the form of cataplasm ,to foul ulcers.
    tion and mastication. Yawning has been con . In all these cases , it acts by virtue of the gene
    ceived to be owing to torpor in the pulmonary ration of carbonic acid gas. d'Écre
    circulation ; the causes producing itbeing com- YEUX ARDENS, Ardent eyes — y.
    monly ennui , fatigue, sleepiness , monotonous visse, Cancrorum chelæ.
    sounds, hunger, sympathy, & c. Yawning often YEW TREE , Taxus baccata .
    precedes the invasion of certain intermittents,
    attacks of hysteria , &c . , and it may , by its fre YLECH , Ilech .
    quency , and obstinacy, become a true disease. YLIATER, Ilech .
    YAWS , Frambæsia . YOLK OF EGG. See Ovum .
    YELLOW , Flavus,Luteus, Xanthos, from YOUTH, Adolescence .
    past participle of Sax . zealan ,' to burn . ' One YOPON , Ilex vomitoria .
    of the seven primitive colours. YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus .
    The YELLOW LIG'AMENTS , (F. ) Ligamens
    jauncs, occupy the spaces between the verte- YRIDES, Orpiment.
    bral plates ( q . v.,) from the interval , which se. YSA M'BRA, Pedigam'bra. An ancient
    parates the second vertebra from the third , to Spanish poison, of which hellebore formed the
    that whichseparates the last vertebra from the greatest part.
    sacrum . They are so called , in consequence YUCCA, Jatropha manihot.
    of their colour. Y- WER- A . See Spirit.
    N

    ZACCHARUM , Saccharum . nent, as an article of diet. It is ground for the


    ZAEL , Borosail . same purposes as wheat, and forms an excel
    ZAFFRAN , Crocus. lent bread.
    ZANNA . A kind of Armenian bole , used ZEDOARIA, Kæmpferia rotunda.
    by the ancients as a desiccative. It is also called ZEDOAIRE ROND, Kæmpferia rotunda .
    Zarnac'ha . ZEDOARY , Kæmpferia rotunda .
    ZANTHORIZA APIIFOʻLIA , Xanthoriza, ZELOSIS , Želotypia.
    2. simplicis'sima, Z. marbois'ca, Zanthoriza ZELOTYPIA , from nios,' love,'and turtos,
    Tincto'ria, Yellow Rool, Parsley -leaved Yellow form , model ;' Zelosis. Ithas been proposed
    Root. The root of this American plant is a to apply this name to the violent mental affec
    strong and pleasant bitter ; and , in the dose of tion, produced by the acknowledged or pre
    two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach . sumed infidelity of a beloved object; and to
    ZANTHOX'YLUM CLAVA HER’CULIS, the consequences of such affection ;-melan.
    Prickly Ash , Toothache Tree, (F.) Clavalier à choly ;mania , & c .
    feuilles de frêne , Frêne épineur. The bark is a ZÉMA , Decoction .
    very strong stimulant and powerful sialogogue. ZENICON , Çevizov. Ancient name of a
    It has been given , internally, in rheumatism . Keltic poison, used for poisoning arrows .
    Another species — the Zanthoxylum fraxinifo'. ZEPHACH , Peritoneum .
    lium , Xanthorylum frarin'eum ,-possesses ac- ZERMA , Zerna.
    tive powers. A spirituous infusion of the bark ZERNA , Zerma, Impeti'go ulcerd'la . Ulce
    has been highly recommended in cases of vio . rated impetigo .
    lent colic . The fresh juice , expressed from ZESIS, Effervescens.
    the roots of the zanthoxylum , is said to afford ZEST. See Citrus medica.
    relief in the dry -bellyache of the West Indies. ZIBETHUM , Civetta .
    A decoction of the bark is , sometimes , used as ZIGNITES, Zingritis.
    a wash to foul ulcers. ZINC, Zincum , Žinkum , Speltrum , Tutenag ,
    ZAPANIA NODIFLORA , Anacoluppa. Zinchum , Zint, Stannum In'dicum . A metal,
    ZAR'ATHAN. A hard , irregular tumour of obtained from calamine and blende. Its colour
    the breast , resembling cancer. is bluish -white ; lustre of the fresh surface con
    ZARNACHA , Zanna. siderable, but soon dulled, from the facility
    ZARSA , Smilax sarsaparilla. with which it oxidates; hard ; texture striated.
    ZARZAPARILLA , Smilax sarsaparilla. S. G. 7.190 . Melts at 7000 Fah .; burns with
    ZEA MAYS, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey a bright flame in a higher temperature, and is
    Wheat, Maize, Ador, Indian Whcat, (F.) Graine volatilized in the form of a white, flocculent
    de Turquie, Blé d'Inde, Blé d'Espayne, Blé oxyd. Its use , in medicine, is in the forma
    d'Italie, Blé de Turquie. A native of America , tion of the followi preparations.
    and much used over the whole of the conti- Zinc , BUTTER OF, Zinci chloridum -z . Chlo.
    ZINCHUM 748 ZYGOMATIC

    ride of, Zinci chloridum - z. Ferrohydrocya. (ferrohydrocyanas - 2. Iodatum , see Iodine - 2.


    nate of,Zinci cyanuretum - z. Flowers of,Zinci Muriaticum , Zinci chloridum-z. Vitriolatum .
    oxydum - z. Iodide of, see Iodine - z. Hydro- Zinci sulphas — z. Zooticum ,Zinci cyanuretum .
    cyanate of, Zinci cyanuretum - 2. Oxyd of, ZINGIBER GERMANICUM , Arum macu.
    Zinci oxydum - z. Sulphate of, Zinci sulphas. latum - z. Officinale, Amomum zingiber.
    ZINCHUM, Zincum . ZINKUM , Zincum .
    ZINCI CARBONAS IMPURUS , Calamina. ZINT, Zincum .
    Zinci CALO'RIDUM , Z. chloruretum , Zincum ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber.
    chlora'tum , Z. muriat'icum ( oxydatum ,) Chlo- ZIPHAC , Peritoneum .
    ride or Chloruret of Zinc. Formed by adding ZIZIPHUM , Jujube .
    oxide of zinc to pure muriatic acid by the aid ZINGRI’TES , Zigni'tes. A stone , resem
    of gentle heat until no more is dissolved. The bling glass, to which the ancients attributed
    solution is then evaporated to dryness, rubbed marvellous properties.
    to powder, and kept in a closely stopped ves- ZOANTHROʻPIA , from Çowv, ' an animal ,'
    sel. It is very deliquescent in the air, forming and avIpwntos, ' a man.' A species of monoma
    the Butler of Zinc, Buty'rum Zinci. nia , in which the patient believes himself trans
    Chloride of Zinc is a powerful escharotic. formed into an animal. Lycanthropia and
    Zinci CHLORURETUM , Z. chloridum . cynanthropia belong to this species of mono
    Zinci CYANURE'TUM, Hydrocy'anas Zinci, mania.
    Zincum Cyanogena'tum , z. Borus'sicum , 2. ZOARA , Insomnia.
    Zooticum, Hydrocyanate of Zinc. This salt is ZOE , Life.
    formed by adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocy . ZOMOS, Consommé, Jus.
    anate of potassa so long as any precipitate is ZONA , Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen
    thrown down . When dried and calcined at a -z. Ignea, Herpes zoster.
    low heat, the product is a mixture of cyanuret Zona Tendinosa . The whitish circle around
    of zinc and of potassium . It kas been reeom . the auriculo- ventricular orifice of the right side
    mended in nervous cardialgia. Dose, from one of the heart.
    VIRGINITATIS
    sixteenth to one-twelfth of a grain . Zora , Hymen .
    It is chiefly used as a caustic ; one part of ZONE, Cingulum .
    the chloride being mixed with 4 , 3 or 2 parts ZONULA HILDANI, Cingulum Hildani,
    of flour, according to the desired strength, and ZOOCHYMY, Hygrology .
    a few drops of water being added to form a ZOOGENIUM , Azote .
    paste. ZOOHEMATINE , Hæmatine .
    Zinci FerrohYDROCY'ANAS , Cyanure'tum ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
    Ferrozin'cicum , Zincum Ferrohydrocyan'icum , ZOONOMIA, from Çowv, animal,' and vouos,
    Ferrohydrocyanate of Zinc. Made by the mu- law. ' The laws which govern the organic
    tual decomposition of boiling hot solutions of actions of animals in general. Animal Physio
    sulphate of zinc and ferrocyanate of potassa. logy, Zoophysiologia ,
    It has been recommended in the same cases as ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Zoonomia.
    the last preparation . ZOOSIS , Animation .
    Zinci HYDROCYANAS, Zinci cyanuretum . 200SPERMES, Spermatozoa.
    Zinci Ox'YDUM , Zincum calcina'lum , Oxyd ZOOT'OMY, from čowv, ' an animal,' and
    of Zinc, Flowers of Zinc, Nihil album , Lana Tep.vw , ' I cut. ' Theriot'omy, Anatom'ia com
    Philosopho'rum , Nihil gris'eum, Pom 'pholyr. para'ta, Compar'ative Anatomy. The anatomy
    Procured by burning zinc in a long , deep cru- of animals.
    cible , placed so as to collect the sublimate. It ZOPYRON , Fomites.
    is tonic ; antispasmodic; externally , detergent ZOSTER , Herpes zoster.
    and desiccative . Employed in epilepsy, cho- ZOSTERA MARINA, Pila marina ,
    rea , & c . For its external use , see Ung Zinci. ZOZAR , Saccharum .
    Zinci OXYDUM IMPURUM , Tutia . ZUCARO , Saccharum .
    Zinc Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum ZUCHAR , Saccharum .
    Vitriola'lum , Vilniolum album , White Vitriol, V. ZUCHARUM, Saccharum .
    Goslarien'së, V. Zinci,Sulphas Zin'cicum , Gilla ZUCHRA , Saccharum .
    Vitrioli, Gilla Theophrasti, Sal romito'rium ZULAPIUM , Julep.
    mitrioli , Chalcun'thum album , White Copperas, ZYGOMA, Malæ os.
    Sal Vitrioli. The sulphate of zinc, - formed by ZYGOMATIC , Zygomat'icus. That which
    the direct combination of zinc with sulphuric relates to the zygoma or cheek bone.
    acid , -is inodorous ; taste , styptic ; it is in The ZygomaTIC PROCESS, Malar process, Ju
    white, semi-transparent, efflorescent crystals ; gal process, arises from the outer surface of the
    soluble in three parts of water at 60 ° . It is temporal bone, by two roots ; one of which is
    einetic, tonic, antispasmodic, and externally transverse, (Condyle du temporal, Ch. ,) and the
    astringent. A nostrum ,sold under the name other longitudinål: between them is the gle
    Antipertus'sis - and, as its title imports, given noid cavity. The process passes forwards,and
    in hooping-cough, contains this salt as its chief is articulated with the posterior angle of the os
    ingredient. It is emetic. Dose, as an emetic , malw , with which it forins a bony bridge, called
    gr . x to 3ss ; as a tonic , gr . j to ij . Used ex : the Zygomatic arch , (F.) Arcade Zygomatique.
    ternally as a collyrium , gr. j to water 3j . The cavity , beneath this bridge, is sometimes
    tumZINCUM BORUSSICUM
    -- z. Calcinatum , Zinci- z.cyanure
    , Zinci oxydum Chlora- called Zygoma.
    The ZYGOMATIC Fossa is the space , included
    tum , Zinci chloridum --...Cyanogenatum ,Zinci between the posterior margin of the outer ala
    cyanuretum - 2. l'errohydrocyanicum , Zinci of the pterygoid process and the crista , which
    ZYGOMATIC 749 ZYTHOS

    descends from the malar tuberosity to the supe . bones ; and slants obliquely downwards and
    rior alveolar margin. backwards .
    The ZYGOMATIC MUSCLES are two in number. ZYGOMATIQUE GRAND, Zygomaticus
    1. The Zygomaticus major, Zygomato-labial, major— . Petit, Zygomaticus minor.
    ( Ch .,) Distort'or Oris, ( F.) Muscle grand zygo- Ż YG O MATO · LABIAL, Zygomaticus
    matique, which is situate obliquely at the fore major-z . Labial, petit, Zygomaticus major
    part and sides of the face. It is a small, rounded z. Marillaire, Masseter - z . Oriculaire, Anterior
    muscle ; arises from the outer surface of the os auris.
    malæ , and is inserted at the commissure of the ZYGOPHYLLUM FAGABO , (F.) Faba
    lips , which it raises and draws outwards. It gelle. A Syrian and Mauritanic plant, pos
    acts principally in laughing. sessed of an acrid and bitter taste . It has ver
    2. The Zygomat'icus minor, Petit Zygomato- mifuge properties.
    labial, (Ch ,) ( F. ) Petit Zygomatique, does not The Arabs believe that the recently expressed
    always exist. It is situate on the inner side of juice of the V. Zygophillum simplex is capable
    the last ; arises from the outer surface of the of removing specks from the cornea.
    os malæ , and is inserted at the corner of the ZYME , Ferment.
    mouth, or rather into the upper lip , which it ZYMOMA, Ferment .
    raises and draws outwards . ZYMOSIS , Fermentation .
    The Zygomatic SUTURE is placed between ZYTHOGALA , Posset.
    the zygomatic parts of the temporal and cheek ZYTHOS , Cerevisia .

    THE END .
    i

    10
    51
    E)

    .
    75l

    LEA AND BLANCHARD


    HAVE PUBLISHED THE THIRD EDITION, BROUGHT UP TO 1841 . /
    OF

    NEW REMEDIES .
    THE METHOD OF PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING THEM ;
    THEIR EFFECTS
    UPON THE

    HEALTHY AND DISEASED ECONOMY,& c. &c.


    BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D.
    Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Materia Medica in Jefferson Medical College of Phila
    delphia ; Attending Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, & c.
    IN ONE VOLUME OCTAVO.
    [Extract from the Preface to the Third Edition .]
    " This edition has been subjected to an entire revision, and the author has modified in cer
    tain respects the arrangement, andaltered the nomenclature so as to cause it to correspond
    more nearly to that adopted in the Pharmacopæia of the United States."

    Dr. Dunglison's work , like that of Mr. Phillips, has gone through several editions within a
    very short period, which shows the high estimation in which it is held by the profession. His
    pharmaceutical, toxicological and therapeutic researches are very elaborate and extensive, and
    prove that he is familiar with all the modern discoveries; whilst his own practical deductions
    are in general cautious and very judicious. The work contains a complete account of almost
    every substance that has been recently introduced into practice, some of the articles being very
    fully described , such as iodine, creosote, &c; it is well adapted for the guidance of those who
    wish to prescribe agents that they are imperfectly acquainted with ; his formule are numerous
    and various, being chiefly derived from those authors who have written respecting the agents
    described ; some very useful remarks are also made upon subjects not generally included in
    pharmacological works ; such as acupuncture ,electro -puncture ,compression, counter-irritation
    moxa, Galvanism , catheterism , of the Eustachian &c . The present edition , besides some
    other improvements, contains an account of several entirely new agents , as iodide of ammonia,
    iodide of arsenic and mercury , cimicifuga, lactate of iron , protocarbonate of iron , monesia, & c.
    We regret that our limits forbid our making any extracts from this work, but we cordially
    recommend it to the notice of our readers. — British and Foreign Medical Review for Janu
    ary 1842.
    FOURTH EDITION, IMPROVED WITH ADDITIONS, UP TO 1842,
    OF

    DUNGLISON’S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY :


    ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.
    IN TWO VOLUMES, OCTAVO.
    " We are happy to believe that the rapid sale of the last edition of this valuable work may be
    regarded as an indication of the extended taste for sound physiological knowledge in the Ameri
    can schools; and what we then said ofits merits will show that we regarded it as deserving the
    reception it has experienced . Dr. Dunglison has, we are glad to perceive, anticipated the re
    commendations which we gave in regard to the addition of references, andhas thereby not only
    added very considerably to the value of his work , but has shown an extent of reading which,
    we confess, we were not prepared by his former number to expect. He has also availed him
    self of the additional materiais supplied by the works that have been published in the interval,
    especially , those of Müller and others. So that as a collection of details on human physiology
    alone we do not think that it is surpassed by any work in our language;and we can recommend
    it to students in this country (England) as containing much with which they will notbe likely
    to meet with elsewhere.” - British and Foreign Medical Review.

    THE MEDICAL STUDENT ;


    OR , AIDS TO THE STUDY OF MEDICINE :
    Including a Glossary of the Terms of the Science , and of the Mode of Prescribing; Bibliogra
    phical Notices of Medical Works ; the Regulations of the Different
    Medical Colleges of the Union , &c.
    BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON , M. D. & c . &c.
    In one rolume, octato.

    ELEMENTS OF HYGIENE :
    OR THE INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERE AND LOCALITY ,
    Change of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food , Clothing, Bathing, Sleep, Corporeal and Intellectual
    Pursuits, &c. on Human Health , Constituting Elements of Hygiene.
    BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON , M. D. &c . &c .
    In one volume, octaro.
    JUST PUBLISHED .

    THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE,


    OR

    A TREATISE ON SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS,


    BY PROFESSOR DUNGLISON .
    IN TWO VOLUMES OCTAVO .

    CONTENTS OF Book I. FORMING A PART OF VOL. I.


    BOOK I.—DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL.
    CHAPTER I.-DISEASES OF THE MOUTH .
    1. Inflammation of the Mouth. a. Inflammation of the Alveolo -Dental Mem
    a . Simple Inflammation of the Mouth . brane .
    b. Diphtheritic Inflammation of the Mouth . b. Inflammation of the Dental Membrane .
    1. Pultaceous Inflammation of the Mouth . c. Caries of the Teeth .
    2. Pseudomembranous Inflammation of the d . Nervous Toothache .
    Mouth . e. Exostosis of the Teeth .
    c . Follicular Inflammation of the Mouth . f. Tartar of the Teeth .
    d . Gangrenous Inflammation of the Mouth . SECT . III.- DISEASES OF THE GUms.
    SECT. I.- DISEASES OF THE TONGUE . 1. Inflammation of the Gums.
    1. Inflammation of the Tongue. II . Excrescence of the Gums.
    II . Cancer of the tongue. 111. Shrinking of the Gums.
    SECT . II.- DISEASES OF THE TEETH . Sect . IV . - DISEASES OF THE VELUM PALATI
    1. Dentition . - II. Toothache , AND UYULA.

    CHAPTER II.- DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX AND Esophagus .


    I. Inflammation of the Fauces. IV. Inflammation of the Esophagus.
    Il . Inflammation of the Tonsils. V. Stricture of the Pharynx and Esophagus.
    III. Inflammation of the Pharynx. VI . Cancer of the Pharynx and (Esophagus.
    a. Follicular Inflammation of the Pharynx. VII. Spasm of the Pharynx and Esophagus.
    b, Diphtheritic Inflammation of the Pharynx. VII . Paralysis of the Pharynı and sophagus.
    c . Gangrenous Inflammation of the Pharynx.
    CHAPTER 111. -DISEASES OF THE STOMACH .
    I. Inflammation of the Stomach. VII . Dyspepsia .
    a. Acute Inflammation of the Stomach . a . Transient Dyspepsia.
    b . Chronic Inflammation of the Stomach . b. Chronic Dyspepsia.
    II . Gastorrhea. VIII . Pain in the Stomach .
    III . Softening of the Stomach , a. Heartburn .
    IV . Perforation of the Stomuch . b . Gastrodynia .
    V. Cancer of the Stomach . IX . Vomiting
    VI . Hemorrhage from the Stomach .
    CHAPTER IV .- DISEASES OF THE INTESTINES .
    1. Inflammation of the Intestines . III . Diarrhæa .
    I , Infianimation of the Small Intestines. Adipous Diarrhæa.
    a. Inflammation of the Peritoneal Coat of IV . Cholera .
    the Small Intestines . a . Cholera Morbus.
    b. Inflammation of the Mucous Coat of the b . Cholera Asiatica.
    Small Intestines. c . Cholera Infantum .
    c . Exanthematous Inflammation of the Mu V. Constipation .
    cous Coat of the Small Intestines. VI. Obstruction of the Intestines.
    II . aInflammation of of
    thetheLarge Intestines. VII . Enteralgia.
    . Inflammation Cæcu .
    m a . Common colic .
    b . Inflammation of the Appendix Vermi. b . Bilious colic .
    form's Cæci . c . Painter's colic .
    c . Inflammation of the Colon . VIII . Tympanites.
    1. Indammation of the Peritoneal Coat IX . Cancer of the Intestines .
    of the Colon . a. Cancer of the Small Intestine.
    2. Inflammation of the Mucous Coat of b . Cancer of the Large Intestine.
    the Colon . X. Hæmorrhage into the Intestines,
    II . Perforation of the Intestines. X1 . Hamorrhoids.
    1
    1

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