Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.

20. RUNGIA Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 77, 109. 1832.
孩儿草属 hai er cao shu
Hu Jiaqi (胡嘉琪 Hu Chia-chi), Deng Yunfei (邓云飞); Thomas F. Daniel
Herbs, decumbent to erect, with cystoliths. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade margin entire. Inflorescences axillary or terminal spikes,
secund or 4-sided, sometimes reduced to a single flower; bracts 2- or 4-ranked but usually only 2 ranks fertile, homomorphic or
heteromorphic, usually imbricate, margin usually scarious or hyaline; bracteoles similar to bracts or narrower. Calyx deeply 5-lobed;
lobes equal or subequal. Corolla small; tube basally cylindric, distally ± expanded; limb 2-lipped; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; upper
lip erect, rugula (stylar furrow) present, margin entire to emarginate; lobes ascending cochlear in bud. Stamens 2, inserted in corolla
throat; anthers 2-thecous; thecae subequal in size, superposed, lower one white spurred at base. Ovary with 2 ovules per locule; stig-
ma entire or slightly 2-cleft. Capsule shortly stalked, ovoid or oblong, 4-seeded; retinacula present; septa (with attached retinacula)
separating from inner wall of mature capsule. Seeds compressed, verrucose, lacking trichomes.
About 50 species: Old World tropics and subtropics; 16 species (12 endemic) in China.

1a. Flowers solitary in apical leaf axils or in 2-sided spikes; bracts 2- or 4-ranked, all fertile.
2a. Flowers solitary in apical leaf axils ....................................................................................................................... 1. R. axilliflora
2b. Flowers in axillary or terminal spikes.
3a. Plants 6–10 cm tall; spikes globose or ovoid, 0.5–1 cm ........................................................................................ 2. R. mina
3b. Plants more than 20 cm tall; spikes cylindric, 1–7 cm.
4a. Bracts without hyaline margin ................................................................................................................. 3. R. densiflora
4b. Bracts with hyaline margin.
5a. Bracteoles elliptic, ca. 1/2 as long as bracts ....................................................................................... 4. R. chinensis
5b. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, as long as bracts ................................................................................. 5. R. stolonifera
1b. Spikes 1-sided; bracts 4-ranked, each 2 fertile or sterile.
6a. Bract margins not ciliate.
7a. Sterile and fertile bracts different in shape; fertile bracts oblong, ca. 0.7 cm, apex rounded ................... 6. R. guangxiensis
7b. Sterile and fertile bracts similar in shape; fertile bracts oblong to elliptic-oblong, ca. 1.5 cm, apex
acute ............................................................................................................................................................. 7. R. pinpienensis
6b. Bract margins ciliate.
8a. Fertile bracts circular, obovate, elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or sphenoid, apex rounded, obtuse, or
emarginate.
9a. Fertile bracts circular to obovate, apex rounded to obtuse to emarginate and mucronate ....................... 8. R. pectinata
9b. Fertile bracts sphenoid, elliptic, obovate, or obovate-elliptic, apex rounded and not mucronate.
10a. Fertile bracts sphenoid ................................................................................................................... 9. R. monetaria
10b. Fertile bracts elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or obovate.
11a. Fertile bracts elliptic to obovate-elliptic ................................................................................ 10. R. longipes
11b. Fertile bracts obovate ........................................................................................................... 11. R. bisaccata
8b. Fertile bracts lanceolate-linear, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, apex acute, acuminate,
or cuspidate.
12a. Bracts abaxially gland-tipped pubescent ............................................................................................... 12. R. pungens
12b. Bracts glabrous or non-glandular pubescent.
13a. Fertile bracts elliptic, broader at middle.
14a. Leaf blade pubescent abaxially ......................................................................................... 13. R. napoensis
14b. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces ........................................................................... 14. R. yunnanensis
13b. Fertile bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, broader at base.
15a. Leaf blade glabrous ........................................................................................................ 15. R. taiwanensis
15b. Leaf blade pubescent along veins and ciliate on margin ........................................................ 16. R. hirpex

1. Rungia axilliflora H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 92. apical leaf axils, sessile; bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, 4–4.5 × ca.
1978. 2.5 mm, margin yellow, 0.1–0.2 mm broad, membranous, and
ciliate. Calyx 3–3.5 mm; lobes lanceolate, glabrous, apex acu-
腋花孩儿草 ye hua hai er cao
minate. Corolla light bluish, 1.1–1.2 cm, outside glabrous; tube
Herbs 10–20 cm tall. Branches slender, bifariously re- ca. 6 mm, straight; lower lip ca. 6 mm, patent, apex 3-lobed,
trorsely pubescent. Petiole 2–7 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate lobes orbicular and ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; upper lip triangular,
to broadly ovate, 5–20 × 4–14 mm, secondary veins ca. 4 on erect, apex emarginate. Staminal filaments ca. 5 mm; anther
each side of midvein, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire or thecae ovoid. Ovary glabrous; style 8.5–9 mm; stigma 2-lobed.
slightly undulate, apex obtuse to rounded. Flowers solitary in Capsule not seen. Fl. Sep–Nov.
Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.

● Streamsides; 400–700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou. lary, 1–7 cm, 2-sided; bracts 4-ranked, all fertile, elliptic, 7–8 ×
2–4 mm, margin sparsely ciliate, apex acute; bracteoles elliptic,
2. Rungia mina H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 93. 1978.
4–5 × ca. 2.5 mm, margin membranous and sparsely ciliate,
矮孩儿草 ai hai er cao apex mucronate. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate,
ca. 5 mm. Corolla bluish, 6–8 mm, outside slightly pilose and
Herbs 6–10 cm tall. Stems ca. 1 mm in diam., erect, usu-
ally unbranched, white retrorsely gland-tipped pubescent. Peti- glandular punctate; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes ca. 7 mm; upper lip
ole 2–5 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate or broadly shallowly dentate. Ovary subglabrous; style ca. 1 cm, glabrous;
ovate, 5–20 × 4–10 mm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, stigma obtuse. Capsule ovoid, ca. 6 mm, 4-seeded. Seeds lentic-
secondary veins 2 or 3 on each side of midvein, base broadly ular, ca. 1.5 mm wide, minutely tuberculate. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr.
cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Spikes terminal or axillary, Nov–Dec.
sessile, globose to ovoid, 5–10 mm, 2-sided, contracted; bracts Grasslands; 300–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
all fertile, obovate to spatulate-obovate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, abaxially Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Vietnam].
pilose, margin hyaline and ciliolate, apex obtuse to sometimes
acute; bracteoles boat-shaped, ca. 3 × 2 mm, concave, margin This species is used medicinally.
ciliolate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base; lobes linear-lanceolate, 5. Rungia stolonifera C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit.
1.5–1.7 mm, apex acuminate. Corolla purple, ca. 3.8 mm; tube India 4: 547. 1885.
ca. 2 mm; lower lip ca. 1.8 mm, patent, 3-lobed, lobes subor-
bicular, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., and outside slightly pubescent on 匍匐鼠尾黄 pu fu shu wei huang
central one; upper lip broadly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, erect, apex Justicia stolonifera (C. B. Clarke) B. Hansen.
emarginate. Staminal filaments ca. 1.5 mm; anther thecae ovoid.
Ovary glabrous; style ca. 4 mm, glabrous. Capsule ca. 2.7 mm, Herbs 30–60 cm tall, erect, branched, rooting at basal
glabrous. Fl. Sep. nodes. Stems 4-angled, sulcate, pubescent along groove. Petiole
5–10 mm; leaf blade ovate, 2.5–7.5 × 1.8–3.8 cm, subglabrous
● Wet places in forests; ca. 1400 m. Yunnan.
except for some pubescence on margin, secondary veins ca. 5
3. Rungia densiflora H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 94. on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or
1978. undulate, apex acute. Spikes terminal or axillary; bracts obovate
to spatulate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, minutely pubescent, margin hyaline,
密花孩儿草 mi hua hai er cao
apex rounded; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, similar to bracts.
Herbs to 50 cm tall. Stems stout, bifariously retrorsely Calyx ca. 1.3 cm, glabrous; lobes lanceolate, margin hyaline.
pubescent. Petiole 0.5–2 cm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic- Corolla 1.2–1.6 cm; tube basally cylindric, 2–3 mm in diam.,
ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2–8.5 × 1–3 cm, papery, both and straight for ca. 8 mm; limb ca. 4 mm; lower lip 3-lobed,
surfaces glabrous or minutely hirsute, secondary veins 6–8 on pendent, lobes oblong and ca. 1 × 1 mm; upper lip triangular,
each side of midvein, base cuneate and slightly decurrent onto erect, subentire. Staminal filaments white, glabrous; anther
petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to slightly obtuse. thecae purplish black. Ovary sparsely hirsute; style 1.5–1.8 cm,
Spikes terminal or axillary, sessile, to 3 cm; bracts 4-ranked, all exserted; stigma orbicular. Capsule 3–4 mm, subglabrous.
fertile, homomorphic, usually spatulate to sometimes obovate, Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, minutely gland-tipped
7–11 × 1.5–3 mm, 3-veined, margin not hyaline but ciliate and papillose. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec.
densely so apically, apex rounded to obtuse; bracteoles 2, obo-
Forests, trailsides; 200–2300 m. Yunnan [Bangladesh, India].
vate, ca. 6 × 2–3 mm, margin hyaline. Calyx ca. 4 cm; lobes lin-
ear-lanceolate. Corolla 1.1–1.7 cm, outside pilose; tube basally 6. Rungia guangxiensis H. S. Lo & D. Fang, Guihaia 17: 46.
cylindric for 6–9 mm; lower lip oblong, 5–8 mm, apex 3-lobed, 1997.
central lobe smaller; upper lip triangular-ovate, erect, shortly 2-
lobed. Staminal filaments 5–7 mm, glabrous; anther thecae 广西孩儿草 guang xi hai er cao
ovoid. Capsule ca. 6 mm. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. Herbs to 70 cm tall, erect. Stems subterete, subglabrous or
● Forests, streamsides; 400–800 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi, pubescent when young. Petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, bifariously pubes-
Zhejiang. cent; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, 9–17 × 2.5–4 cm, abaxially pu-
berulent, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins ca. 7 on each side
4. Rungia chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 166. 1861. of midvein, base cuneate, margin entire, apex shortly acumi-
中华孩儿草 zhong hua hai er cao nate. Spikes terminal, 1-sided; peduncle absent or less than 3
mm; bracts 4-ranked; fertile bracts oblong, ca. 7 × 3.5 mm;
Herbs to 70 cm tall, spreading to erect. Stems slender, 4- sterile bracts broadly obovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, apex
angled, sulcate, slightly puberulent, usually rooting at basal rounded. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, 5-lobed. Corolla red, ca. 1.7 cm,
nodes. Petiole 0.5–3 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong- outside glabrous; tube basally cylindric and ca. 1.5 mm in
lanceolate, 2.5–9 × 1.8–3 cm, membranous, glabrous except diam.; lower lip 3-lobed, patent; upper lip ovate-triangular, apex
sparsely hirsute along veins, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each obtuse. Stamens slightly exserted; anther thecae ovoid, lower
side of midvein, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire or thecae spurred. Capsule not seen. Fl. Jan–Apr.
slightly undulate, apex acute to obtuse. Spikes terminal or axil-
● Dense forests; 500–600 m. Guangxi.
Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.

7. Rungia pinpienensis H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 91. Herbs to 1.5 tall, perennial. Stems sulcate, glabrescent.
1978. Petiole 1–2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 6–17 × 3–
8.5 cm, both surfaces densely covered with prominent cysto-
屏边孩儿草 ping bian hai er cao liths and glabrous, secondary veins 4–7 on each side of mid-
Herbs to 1 m tall, erect. Stems 4-angled when young then vein, base cuneate and to decurrent and asymmetric or sym-
subterete, subglabrous. Petiole 2–5 cm, subglabrous; leaf blade metric, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Spikes terminal
elliptic to broadly elliptic, 13–15 × 6–8 cm, cystoliths white, or borne from leafless lateral branches, (2–)5–8(–19) cm; pe-
abaxially glabrous or puberulent along veins, adaxially gla- duncle ca. 1 cm, glabrous; rachis glabrous; bracts 4-ranked;
brous, secondary veins 9 or 10 on each side of midvein and sterile bracts yellowish green, circular, rhombic, or obovate,
netted near margin, base broadly cuneate, margin slightly undu- 1.2–1.6 × 1.1–1.6 cm, glabrous, base rounded to cuneate, mar-
late, apex cuspidate. Spikes terminal, ca. 9 cm, 1-sided; pedun- gin entire or apically serrate, apex rounded to acute; fertile
cle ca. 1 cm; bracts 4-ranked, each 2 sterile or fertile, oblong to bracts yellowish brown, sphenoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.8–1.1 cm, gla-
elliptic-oblong, ca. 15 × 4–5 mm, homomorphic, glabrous, mar- brous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded; bracteoles
gin narrowly hyaline, apex acute. Calyx ca. 5 mm; lobes linear. yellowish brown, narrowly lanceolate, 9–11 × ca. 2 mm, mem-
Corolla not seen. Capsule ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous. Seeds blackish branous, abaxially glabrous, margin ciliate. Calyx yellowish
brown, ovate in outline, densely verrucose. Fr. Apr–Jun. brown, 6–7 mm, glabrous, 5-lobed almost to base; lobes 5–6 ×
ca. 1 mm. Corolla white with purple dotted stripe in throat, ca.
● Streamsides; 900–1900 m. Yunnan. 1.5 cm; tube ca. 6 × 3 mm; lower lip oblong, ca. 7 × 6 mm, 3-
8. Rungia pectinata (Linnaeus) Nees in A. Candolle, Prodr. 11: lobed, middle lobe ca. 3 × 2 mm, lateral lobes ca. 2 × 1 mm;
470. 1847. upper lip triangular, ca. 5 × 6 mm, apex emarginate. Stamens 2,
inserted at base of throat; filaments ca. 3 mm, glabrous; anther
孩儿草 hai er cao thecae ovoid. Ovary ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, glabrous; style ca. 8 mm,
Justicia pectinata Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. 4: 299. 1760; glabrous. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 3 mm, glabrous,
Rungia parviflora Nees subsp. pectinata (Linnaeus) L. H. 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular in outline, ca. 3 mm in diam., gla-
Cramer; R. parviflora var. pectinata (Linnaeus) C. B. Clarke; R. brous. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov–Jan.
pectinata var. clarkeana Handel-Mazzetti. Streamsides; 300–900 m. Yunnan [Vietnam].

Herbs 20–50 cm tall, annual or perennial. Stem basally 10. Rungia longipes D. Fang & H. S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 49.
prostrate and rooting at nodes then erect, minutely pubescent. 1997.
Petiole 0–7 mm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 1–4 × 0.4–1.4 cm,
glabrous except for a few trichomes along veins, secondary 长柄孩儿草 chang bing hai er cao
veins ca. 4 on each side of midvein, base cuneate and decurrent Herbs to 50 cm tall. Stems subterete, bifariously pubes-
onto petiole, margin entire, apex acute. Spikes axillary or termi- cent. Petiole (1–)4–4.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to ellip-
nal, 0.5–2 cm, 1-sided, solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 compound; tic, 10–17 × 4–8.5 cm, thinly papery to papery, abaxially pubes-
bracts dimorphic; sterile bracts green, elliptic, ca. 4 × 0.7 mm, cent along veins, adaxially densely covered with white linear
glabrous, apex acute; fertile bracts circular to obovate, 4–5 × cystoliths and glabrous, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of
ca. 2 mm, pubescent, margin broadly hyaline, apex obtuse to midvein, base broadly cuneate and slightly oblique, margin
rounded to emarginate and mucronulate; bracteoles elliptic, 2–3 undulate-denticulate, apex acuminate. Spikes axillary, 2.5–11
mm, margin ciliate, apex 2-cleft and subacute. Calyx colorless, cm, 1-sided; bracts 4-ranked, heteromorphic; sterile bracts ellip-
pubescent; lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 × 0.5 mm, margin nar- tic to ovate-elliptic, (6–)10–12 × 3–4 mm, abaxially subgla-
rowly hyaline, apex mucronulate. Corolla blue or white, ca. 5 brous, hyaline margin ca. 0.5 mm and ciliate, apex obtuse; fer-
mm, outside pubescent; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes triangular; up- tile bracts elliptic to obovate-elliptic, ca. 12 × 5 mm, abaxially
per lip ovate, 1–2 mm, apex emarginate. Staminal filaments gla- puberulent, margin slightly ciliate, apex rounded; bracteoles
brous. Ovary glabrous. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous, obovate-elliptic, ca. 7 × 3 mm, apex obtuse. Calyx 6–10 mm;
2–4-seeded, apex apiculate. Seeds orbicular in outline, ca. 1 lobes subulate, margin ciliolate. Corolla not seen. Capsule ca. 1
mm in diam., minutely verrucose. Fl. Nov–Jan, fr. Jan–Apr. 2n cm, pubescent. Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 2 × 2 mm, verrucose.
= 26, 52. Fr. Apr–Jun.
Wastelands. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, ● Forests in valleys. Guangxi.
Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
11. Rungia bisaccata D. Fang & H. S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 48.
Rungia pectinata is a common weed in disturbed habitats.
1997.
This species is used medicinally.
囊花孩儿草 nang hua hai er cao
9. Rungia monetaria (Benoist) B. Hansen, Nordic J. Bot. 9:
Herbs 20–40 cm tall. Stems subterete when young then 4-
211. 1989.
angled, 2-sulcate, pubescent along furrow. Petiole 0.8–2.5 cm,
中越孩儿草 zhong yue hai er cao pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, 5–13 × 2.3–5.7 cm, papery,
abaxially subglabrous or puberulent along veins, adaxially
Justicia monetaria Benoist, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 605.
glabrous, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of midvein, base
1934.
Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.

broadly cuneate to attenuate, margin slightly undulate, apex bracts purplish, elliptic, ca. 9 × 4 mm, covered with cystoliths,
acuminate to obtuse. Spikes axillary, 1-sided; bracts 4-ranked, abaxially glabrous, hyaline margin ca. 0.5 mm broad and cili-
sterile and fertile ones similar, obovate, 7–11 × 4–8 mm, abax- ate, apex acute; bracteoles purple at tip, elliptic, ca. 9 × 5 mm,
ially glabrous, margin slightly ciliate, apex rounded; bracteoles abaxially puberulent. Calyx ca. 6 mm; lobes linear. Corolla
oblong-elliptic, ca. 10 × 4 mm, margin hyaline and ciliolate. white, ca. 1.6 cm, outside sparsely pubescent; tube ca. 7 × 2
Calyx ca. 7 mm; lobes subulate, margin ciliolate. Corolla white mm; lower lip ca. 7 mm, 3-lobed, central lobe larger; upper lip
with rose dots, ca. 1.8 cm, outside and inside slightly gland- triangular, ca. 6 mm, apex emarginate. Staminal filaments ca. 3
tipped puberulent; tube cylindric and ca. 2.5 mm in diam. for mm, glabrous; anther thecae ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary glabrous; style
ca. 9 mm, inside with a saccate papilla; lower lip ca. 6 × 3 mm, ca. 1.2 cm, subglabrous. Capsule not seen. Fl. Dec–Mar.
patent, 3-lobed, central lobe larger; upper lip ca. 5 mm, erect, 2- ● Limestone hills, streamsides; 200–500 m. Guangxi.
lobed. Staminal filaments ca. 5 mm, glabrous; anther thecae ca.
2 mm. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 1.3 cm, glabrous. Capsule not 14. Rungia yunnanensis H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4):
seen. Fl. Jan–Feb. 92. 1978.

● Rocky mountains. Guangxi. 云南孩儿草 yun nan hai er cao

12. Rungia pungens D. Fang & H. S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 47. Herbs. Stems stout, subterete, sulcate, bifariously re-
1997. trorsely pubescent. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, pubescent; leaf blade
ovate, 6–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous,
尖苞孩儿草 jian bao hai er cao secondary veins 10–12 on each side of midvein and netted near
Herbs 0.5–1.5 m tall, isophyllous. Stems erect or basal margin, base attenuate and slightly decurrent onto petiole, mar-
portion prostrate and rooting at nodes, 4-angled, glabrous or gin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, to 8 cm,
bifariously pubescent. Petiole 0.4–5.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade 1-sided; bracts 4-ranked; sterile bracts ovate, 10–12 × 5–6 mm,
elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2.5–16 × 0.9–5.5 cm, densely covered hyaline margin broad, apex acuminate; bracts fertile, elliptic,
with linear cystoliths, glabrous, secondary veins 4–9 on each ca. 9 × 3 mm, margin hyaline; bracteoles elliptic, ca. 6.5 × 3
side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, margin slightly undulate, mm. Calyx ca. 7 mm; lobes linear, slightly scabrid, apex acumi-
apex acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, 2–5 cm, 1-sided; nate. Corolla ca. 1 cm, outside pilose. Staminal filaments gla-
peduncle 1–9 cm; rachis pubescent or gland-tipped pubescent; brous; anther thecae ovoid. Ovary hirsute; style glabrous. Cap-
bracts 4-ranked, heteromorphic; sterile bracts elliptic, 7.5–8 × sule ca. 9 mm, tomentose. Fl. Nov–Dec, fr. Jan–Mar.
4–6 mm, abaxially gland-tipped puberulent, hyaline margin ● Thickets, valleys, streamsides; 400–1000 m. Yunnan.
0.8–1.5 mm broad and ciliate, apex cuspidate; fertile bracts
lanceolate, 6.5–7.5 × ca. 4 mm, abaxially gland-tipped puberu- 15. Rungia taiwanensis T. Yamazaki, J. Jap. Bot. 43: 61. 1968.
lent, hyaline margin ca. 1 mm wide and ciliate, apex cuspidate;
台湾明萼草 tai wan ming e cao
bracteoles elliptic, ca. 6 × 4 mm, abaxially scabrid, adaxially
glabrous. Calyx 6–7 mm; lobes linear, unequal, scabrid. Corolla Herbs 30–50 cm tall. Stems prostrate and rooting at nodes
light yellowish green outside and white with purple dots inside, on basal portion, bifariously hirsute. Petiole 1–3 cm, pubescent;
ca. 1.5 cm, gland-tipped pubescent and pubescent; tube ca. 7 leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–8 × 2.1–3.5
mm; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe larger; upper lip ca. 6 mm, cm, membranous, glabrous, secondary veins 4–7 on each side
apex emarginate. Staminal filaments ca. 5 mm, glabrous; anther of midvein, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire or slightly
thecae ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary hirsute; style ca. 1 cm, basal portion undulate, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, to 4 cm,
hirsute. Capsule ca. 8 mm, gland-tipped puberulent or puberu- often solitary; peduncle 1–2 cm; bracts 4-ranked; sterile bracts
lent. Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, verrucose. Fl. Dec– oblong-lanceolate, 8–9 × 2–3 mm, hyaline margin narrow and
Feb, fr. Apr–May. ciliate; fertile bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, hyaline margin
● Limestone hills, forests; 600–1000 m. Guangxi, Yunnan. broad and ciliate; bracteoles ovate, ca. 6 × 3.5 mm. Calyx ca. 5
mm, 5-lobed almost to base; lobes lanceolate. Corolla blue, ca.
13. Rungia napoensis D. Fang & H. S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 46. 1.5 cm, outside slightly gland-tipped pubescent; throat ca. 3
1997. mm; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip broad. Stamens exserted; fila-
那坡孩儿草 na po hai er cao ments ca. 5 mm, glabrous. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 1 cm, gla-
brous. Capsule ovoid, ca. 6 mm. Seeds suborbicular, ca. 1.5 ×
Herbs 70–90 cm tall. Stems 4-angled when young then 1.5 mm, minutely tuberculate.
subterete, sulcate, bifariously pubescent. Petiole 0.5–2.5 cm,
bifariously pubescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, ● Thickets, streamsides; 1000–1500 m. Taiwan.
3–10 × 1–4 cm, papery, both surfaces densely covered with 16. Rungia hirpex Benoist, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2,
linear cystoliths, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially gla- 2: 149. 1930.
brous, secondary veins 4–7 on each side of midvein, base cu-
neate, margin subentire, apex acuminate. Spikes axillary or ter- 金沙鼠尾黄 jin sha shu wei huang
minal, 1–5 cm, 1-sided; peduncle 3–5 mm, pubescent; bracts 4- Herbs to 60 cm tall. Stems 4-angled, sulcate, bifariously
ranked; sterile bracts lanceolate-elliptic, ca. 4 × 1–2 mm, abaxi- pubescent along sulcae. Petiole 1–3 cm, pubescent; leaf blade
ally glabrous, margin hyaline and ciliate, apex acute; fertile ovate to oblong, 2.5–9 × 1.5–4.5 cm, slightly pubescent along
Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.

veins, secondary veins 3–5 on each side of midvein and incon-

spicuous, base cuneate and decurrent onto petiole, margin entire
and ciliate, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal, 3–5 cm; bracts
homomorphic but sterile ones slightly larger than fertile ones,
lanceolate-linear, 10–14 × 2–2.5 mm, abaxially pubescent, mar-
gin ciliate, apex acute; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, ca. 6 × 2
mm, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to
base; lobes linear, ca. 5 × 2 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Corolla
ca. 1.4 cm; tube cylindric; lower lip ca. 2 × 3 mm, 3-lobed,
lobes ovate and apex rounded; upper lip 2-lobed. Stamens
white, ca. 4 mm, glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Capsule 7–8 mm,
glabrous. Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Aug–
Oct, fr. Oct–Dec.
● Streamsides; 500–600 m. Yunnan.
Fl. China 19: 443–447. 2011.