eebis dargva da dargva

xeebis movla da movla

OECI
Ria garemosdacviTi
proeqti xorcieldeba Caucasus Environmental
proeqti NGO Network
xorcieldeba Caucasus Environmental NGO Network
samoqalaqo iniciativa
evrokavSiris evrokavSiris
mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis
finansuri mxardaWeriT finansuri mxardaWeriT
 evrokomisia evrokavSiris aRmasrulebeli organoa.
evrokavSiri 27 wevri saxelmwifosagan Semdgari
gaerTianebaa. misi wevrebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTs
codnas da gamocdilebas uziarebdnen. axdendnen resursebis
mobilizebas da saerTo momavals qmnidnen. 50 wlis
ganmavlobaSi evrokavSiris wevrma saxelmwifoebma erTad
Seqmnes stabilurobis, demokratiis da mdgradi ganviTarebis
areali. am procesSi maT SeinarCunes kulturuli
mravalferovneba, tolerantoba da adamianis piradi
Tavisuflebebi. evrokavSiris amocana swored am miRwevebis
da faseulobebis gaziarebaa mis sazRvrebs gareT myofi
adamianebisa da saxelmwifoebisTvis.

winamdebare publikacia momzadebulia regionuli proeqtis

`miwis resursebis mdgradi marTva miwis degradaciis
Semcirebisa da siRaribis daZlevisaTvis samxreT kavkasiis
regionSi~ farglebSi, proeqts axorcielebs kavkasiis
regionuli garemosdacviTi centri (REC Caucasus) kavkasiis
garemosdacviT arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselTan
winamdebare publikacia momzadebulia proeqtis "prevenciis
(CENN) mWidro TanamSromlobiT evrokavSiris finansuri
da mzadebis sistemis gaZliereba: I faza - katastrofebis
mxardaWeriT samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi mdinareebis
riskebis Semcireba
winamdebare adgilobriv
publikacia doneze"
momzadebulia farglebSi,
evrokavSiris
xramidebedasa da alazan-ioris auzebSi.
Sveicariis ganviTarebisa
mxardaWeriT. da pasuxismgebelia
mis Sinaarsze TanamSromlobis saagentos
mxolod (SDC)
kavkasiis
mxardaWeriT. mis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia mxolod kavkasiis
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN).
garemosdacviTi
publikaciaSi arasamTavrobo
gamoTqmuli azri arorganizaciebis qseli
unda iqnes miCneuli
winamdebare publikaciis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelni arian
(CENN). publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli azri ar unda iqnes miCneuli
evrokavSiris mier gamoTqmul azrad.
mxolod proeqtis ganmaxorcielebeli mxareebi. publikaciaSi
Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos mier
gamoTqmuli azri ar unda iqnes miCneuli evrokavSiris mier
gamoTqmul azrad.
gamoTqmul azrad.
2
 bunebrivi katastrofebi mcenareuli safari niadags
seriozul zians ayenebs Warbi wylisgan aTavisuflebs,
saojaxo meurneobas da zrdis xaxunis efeqts, anelebs
amcirebs soflad mcxovrebi wvimis vardnis zemoqmedebas,
mosaxleobis Semosavals. xels uwyobs ferdobebis
mciremiwianobis gamo, mdgradobas.
gansakuTrebiT mTian
regionebSi, xdeba ferdobebis niadagSi fesvebi qmnian wylis
agraruli aTviseba, rasac sadinarebs, rac amcirebs wylis
xSirad niadagis erozia nakads zedapirze. fesvebis
mosdevs. rig SemTxvevebSi zemoqmedeba damokidebulia
mosaxleoba iZulebuli mcenareebis tipze. ganivi
xdeba, samosaxlo datovos. fesvis mqone xeebi ufro
mgrZnobiarea qaris mimarT,
eroziis winaaRmdeg vidre _ RerZuli
yvelaze efeqturi xeebis fesvebis mqone. Tumca,
dargva, mwvane safaris mrgvali fesvebis
gaSenebaa, struqtura miwas
igulisxmeba metad kravs da
rogorc xexili, aseve Sesabamisad eroziis
veluri saxeobebi. mimarTac ufro
mdgradia. aseTi mcenare
es broSura gagacnobT kargia ferdobze, maSin
wesebs, romelTa aTvisebac roca RerZuli fesvis mqone
ufro Semosavlians xe SeiZleba eroziam
gaxdis Tqvens saojaxo waaqcios. amitom, xeebis
meurneobas. dargvisas zustad unda
vicodeT, konkretulad
aseve, aq warmodgenilia risTvis vrgavT maT da
meTodebi, Tu rogor unda saxeobebic Sesamabisad SevarCioT.
SevaCeroT erozia xeebis
meSveobiT, romel niadagze dargvisas aseve unda
romeli saxeobis gaSenebaa gaviTvaliswinoT iseTi
rekomendirebuli, romeli faqtorebi, rogoricaa:
xeebia kargi dekoratiuli topografia, niadagi (tipi da
gaformebisTvis siRrme), klimati da
da ase Semdeg. mikroklimati.

3
 niadagis momzadeba
dasargavi
teritoria
nacara muryani
Alnus incana (L.) Moench gaasufTaveT SerCeuli
farTobi nagvis, liTonis
nivTebis, SuSis namsxvrevebisa da
polieTilenis parkebisgan.
nergis irgvliv erTmetriani
zona gawmindeT sarevelebisgan.
sarevelebis kontroli
aucilebelia nergis srul
gaxarebamde. sarevelebis
mocileba SeiZleba meqanikurad
an herbicidebiT, Tumca es
ukanaskneli sakmaod
ZviradRirebuli meTodia.
herbicidebis gamoyeneba
mkacrad unda Seesabamebodes
20 metramde simaRlis xe, mwarmoeblis instruqciebs.
nacrisferi gluvi qerqiT. farTofoTlovani
mTebSi SeiZleba gavrceldes balaxovnebis sawinaaRmdego
daaxloebiT 1,500 m herbicidebi momakvdinebelia
simaRlemde. izrdeba tenian foTolmcveni xeebisTvisac
niadagze, nestian tyeebSi, (farTofoTlovania mcenare,
mdinareebis napirebze, romlis foTlis firfita
Waobebis ganapira adgilebze. met-naklebad brtyelia da ara
Zveli fesvebis lpobis Sedegad xazovani).
amonayari SeiZleba xeebis umetesoba, garda
damoukidebeli gaxdes da maradmwvane xeebisa (soWi, naZvi,
gaagrZelos simaRleSi zrda. fiWvi), yvela foTolmcvenia.
am gziT muryani vrceldeba dasargavi farTobis
axal ubnebze, romlebic ar momzadebisas uaRresad
aris dakavebuli naZvisa da sxva mniSvnelovania, ganxorcieldes
saxeobebis mozardi xeebiT da misi drenaJi arxebiT an Ria
ar aris daCrdiluli sxva TxrilebiT, radganac cnobilia,
xeebis xSiri varjebiT. misi rom xeebisa da buCqebisTvis
dargva sxva saxeobebTan erTad optimaluria gruntis wylebis
aCqarebs am ukanasknelTa zrdas. arseboba 1-1.5 m siRrmeze.

4
dasargavi masala
xis moWrili wveri SeiZleba axal adgilze dairgos da man zrda
gaagrZelos, xSirad ufro swrafadac, vidre Teslze amosuli xe
gaizrdeboda. amisTvis rekomendebulia 1-3 sm diametris, 50-90 sm
sigrZis xis Reros masalis gamoyeneba, romelic gadaWrilia
brtyeli TaviTa da kuTxovani boloTi, raTa boloebi
erTmaneTSi ar agverios. gadanaWeri miwaSi unda CaerWos misi
sigrZis 2/3-dan 3/4-mde nawiliT. aucilebelia basri iaraRebis
gamoyeneba, raTa gadaWris adgilebi ar daziandes.

gadanaWrebis gamoyenebis nebismieri meTodisTvis saukeTeso

saxeobebia tirifi da alvis xe.

idealur SemTxvevaSi gadanaWeri unda damzaddes daZinebuli

xisgan da dairgos kvirtebis gamoRebamde. magram Tu damzadeba da
dargva aqtiuri zrdis periodSi moxdeba, gadanaWerze foTlebic
unda moiWras.

am meTodTan erTad SeiZleba pirdapiri daTesvis meTodis

gamoyenebac an sanergeSi gamoyvanili nergebis dargva.

nergebis SerCevisas gaiTvaliswineT:

_ teritoriis geografiuli mdebareoba;
_ damaxasiaTebeli mcenareulobis tipi (ra saxeobebi izrdeba);
_ garemomcveli bunebrivi landSaftebi;
_ simaRle zRvis donidan;
_ eqspozicia (ferdobis daxrilobis mimarTuleba
samxreTisken, CrdiloeTisken...);
_ reliefi (vake, daxrili, gorakborcviani...);
_ SerCeuli saxeobis ekologiuri niSa (mSrali, teniani,
gardamavali).

5
nergis SerCeva
sanerge masalas (nergs) ar unda hqondes grZeli gverdiTi totebi.
unda iyos fizikurad dauzianebeli, mtkice da Zlieri.
ar unda aReniSnebodes parazitebiT an paTogenebiT dazianebis
kvali, gauferuleba, sarevelebis mavne zemoqmedeba da
fiziologiuri darRvevebi.
nergs fesvebi da totebi kargad da Tanabrad unda hqondes
ganviTarebuli, unda hqondes agreTve jansaRi totebi an kvirtebi
Reros mTel sigrZeze.
foTlovani saxeobebis nergebs unda hqondes datotvili, xSiri,
mravalricxovani, Zafisebri, drekadi fesvTa sistema _ mZime,
boWkovani, dautotavi fesvebis gareSe.
wiwvovani saxeobebis nergis fesvTa sistema miwidan fesvebis
dauzianeblad unda amoviRoT, anu miwa, romelSic fesvTa sistemaa
gasuli, fesvs mTlianad unda amohyves. miwidan amoRebuli fesvi ar
Cans, amis gamo mas ewodeba daxuruli
fesvTa sistema, meorenairad _ komi.
komi unda iyos mkvrivi da Sekruli.
fesvebi masSi mTlianad unda iyos
daqselili.
komSi ar unda iyos sarevelebi.

sarevelebi STanTqaven wyals, sakveb

nivTierebebs da Crdilaven nergebs.
rekomendebulia Herbicid Valsaglyf-is
(igive Roundup-is) gamoyeneba.
saqarTveloSi oficialurad
registrirebuli farTo speqtris sistemuri herbicidi efeqturia
mravalwlovani balaxovnebis mimarT.
niadagis daWaobebisken midrekileba xeebis gaxarebis
malimitirebeli faqtoricaa. mag. im ubnebSi, sadac niadagis
tenianoba maRalia, unda dairgos mxolod murynis (igive - Txmela)
nergebi.

foTlovani nergebis parametrebi

simaRle _ 45-120 sm (nergebis 70% mainc 60-70 sm unda iyos); nergis
sisqe, fesvis yelidan 25 mm-iT zemoT, unda iyos 6-10 mm.

wiwvovani nergebis parametrebi

simaRle fesvis yelidan _ 30-120 sm; komi Sekrulia jvalos
naWriT. misi zoma unda Seesabamebodes nergis asaksa da zrdis temps,
im garemosa da niadagis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sadac
aRniSnuli nergi izrdeba.
6
 dargvis dro
nergis amoReba da dargva xdeba im periodSi,
transportireba roca nergi mosvenebis fazaSia.
mcenaris mosvenebis periodi
nergebis dasargav iwyeba Semodgomaze, Cveulebriv,
farTobamde gadasatanad foTolcvenis dros
Tavdapirvelad maTi amoRebaa (oqtomberi) da mTavrdeba
saWiro. am procesis dasawyisSi gazafxulze (Tebervali-marti).
totebi Tavisuflad es aris fiziologiuri
(moSvebulad) unda Seikras. procesi, rodesac mcenareSi
Semdeg nergis garSemo, wvenis moZraoba Cerdeba.
daaxloebiT 65 sm siRrmis wiwvovnebi, daxuruli fesvTa
Txrili ise unda gavTxaroT, sistemiT, SeiZleba dairgas
rom is komis zomas 30 sm-iT mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, garda
aRematebodes. zamTrisa.
komi manamde unda vTxaroT, wiflis, murynisa da misTanaTa
sanam misi Ziri ar moiWreba. (foTlovnebi) nergebis
komis gareT darCenili fesvebi dasargavad optimaluri dro
didi sifrTxiliT unda Semodgomaa (oqtomberi).
SevWraT, mas Semdeg ki, rac komi dargva sasurvelia wynar,
nawilobriv gaSiSvldeba, nestian amindSi.
jvalos naWerSi gavaxvioT. es nergebis axlo ganlageba qmnis
procesi nergis Ziridan unda e. w. siTbos xafangs da
daiwyos. komis sandod aneitralebs eqstremalur
Sesakravad kanafis gamoyeneba klimatur pirobebs.
jobia. am procedurebis Semdeg foTlovani mcenareebi ufro
nergi unda davxaroT, raTa swrafad izrdeba da wiwvovnebs
jvalo mis qveda nawilsac sinaTlis miwodebas uzRudavs.
Semoevlos. amitom, wiwvovani da
nergebis usafrTxod foTolmcveni xeebi calke
gadasatanad isini sandod unda jgufebad unda dairgas.
miemagros manqanis sabarguls,
raTa fesvebi ar daimtvres.
ar aris mizanSewonili nergebis
Ria sabarguliT gadatana, radgan
isini SeiZleba gamoSres. amis
Tavidan asacileblad
aucilebelia maTi SefuTva ise,
rom Sig haerma ar SeaRwios.
transportirebamde
aucilebelia nergebis morwyva.

7
ormos amoReba
ormos zoma 2-jer mainc unda aRematebodes fesvebis
garSemowerilobas, xolo siRrme 1.5-jer meti unda iyos fesvebis
sigrZeze.
ormos Ziri da gverdebi orkapiT ise unda damuSavdes, rom
niadagis qveda fenis mTlianoba dairRves. ormos Ziridan
amoRebuli niadagis qveda fena produqtiuli zeda feniT unda
CavanacvloT. SesaZloa humusiani fenis (niadagis nayofieri fena,
neSompala _ organul nivTierebaTa kompleqsi) sxva nayofieri
substraqtis gamoyeneba.
komiani da jvaloSi gaxveuli wiwvovani mcenaris nergebis dargva
rekomendebulia adgilze mitanisTanave. Tumca, Tu komi tenian
mdgomareobaSia, SesaZlebelia, maTi dasawyobebac.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am tipis nergebis awevisas xeli koms
unda movkidoT da ara Reros.
SesaZlebelia, jvalo sruliad SemoeWras nergs (sruli
mocileba aucilebelia, Tu jvalos nacvlad gamoyenebulia
sinTetikuri masala an polieTileni), an moscildes erT
mesamedze. saWiroa kanafis an nebismieri saxis mavTulis
mocilebac.

nergis movla
im ubnebze, romlebzedac nergebi
SesaZloa ZovebiTa da gadaTelviT
daziandnen, isini mcire RobeebiT unda
davicvaT. aseTi Robe xis paloebiT
(minimum, 4 palo) keTdeba. palos zoma
0.5-1 metri unda iyos.
agreTve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
naxevrad gamWvirvale milebi (tubebi).
mili nergs unda Camoecvas. es mas ara
marto daicavs, zrdis processac xels
Seuwyobs.

8
 dargvis pirvel wels
rekomendebulia nargavebis
movlis oTxjeradi da morwyvis TeTri verxvi
samjeradi Catareba. nargavebis Populus alba
movlis (dabarva da gafxviereba)
Catareba rekomendebulia maisis
meore naxevarSi, ivnisSi, ivlissa
da agvistoSi. pirveli sididis
xeebze (qarTuli muxa, maRalmTis
muxa, rcxila, ifani, nekerCxali,
kedari) dabarva da gafxviereba
xorcieldeba wriulad (0.8 m
diametrze) 0.5 kvadratul metr
farTobze. mcirezomiani xeebisa
da buCqebis (maJalo, Txili, kuneli
da askili) garSemo dabarva da
gafxviereba aseve wriulad (0.6 m
diametrze) xorcieldeba da
moicavs 0.28 kvadratul metrs.
nargavebi unda moirwyos 30 metramde simaRlis xe;
uSualod dargvis Semdeg, xolo varji _ farTo da gaSlili;
wlis ganmavlobaSi _ kidev orjer qerqi _ gluvi da rux-mwvane,
(ivnissa da agvistoSi). morwyva sibereSi _ Rrma naxeTqebiT.
sasurvelia gvalvian periodebSi. foTlebi _ zemodan muqi
nergebi pirveli ori-sami wlis mwvanea, qvemodan _ Zlier
ganmavlobaSi gansakuTrebul bususiani, vercxlisferi.
yuradRebas saWiroeben. movlis izrdeba Zalian swrafad.
vadebi Seesabameba adgilobriv gadaWras cudad itans, uyvars
bunebriv-klimatur pirobebs.
nayofieri, teniani niadagi.
praqtikuli gamocdilebiT
aqvs Rrma fesvTa sistema, rac
dadgenilia, rom gadamwyveti
wyalsatevebisa da mdinareebis
mniSvneloba movlas nergebis
vegetaciis pirvel naxevarSi aqvs.
napirebis gasamagreblad misi
nergi gansakuTrebul movlas gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas
saWiroebs gaSenebis pirvel wels, qmnis.
roca is jer kidev Zalian sustia. am iZleva uxv
dros sul mcire uyuradRebobam amonayars
SeiZleba nergis daRupva fesvebze.
gamoiwvios. iyeneben
aseve aucilebelia, did
yovelwliurad dawesdes parkebsa da
mavneblebTa kontroli, baRebSi,
SemTxvevebis gamovlinebis dros kontrastuli
dazustdes mavneblis saxeoba da kompoziciebis
daigegmos maTTan brZolis Sesaqmnelad.
RonisZiebebi.
9
eroziis winaaRmdeg
brZolis efeqturi
saSualebaa xeebis dargva.
cnobilia bioinJineriis
ramdenime meTodi, romelTa
meSveobiTac napirebsa da
ferdobebs amagreben. aseTi
meTodebia: jagrisis fenebi,
cocxali fiCxkonebi,
nergebis fena, lerwmis cocxali fiCxkonebi
Reroebis nargavebi, cocxali fiCxkonis ageba
ar moiTxovs mZime manqana-
mcenareebiT Semosili
danadgarebs, ris gamoc am
qvayrili da mcenareebiT meTods moSorebul an
dafaruli gabionebi. miudgomel adgilebSi
iyeneben. irgveba
horizontalurad (da ara
ferdobis daxrilobis
mimarTulebiT) da zrdis
kvaldakval terasad
yalibdeba. am terasebiT
formirebuli kibis
safexurebi xels uwyobs
ferdobze wylis moZraobis
Senelebas. notio adgilebSi
fiCxkonebi SeiZleba
damrecadac ganlagdes.
cocxali fiCxkonebi
jagrisis fenebi Sedgeba TokiT Sekruli
jagrisis fenebi cocxal gadanaWrebis konebisgan,
fiCxkonebs hgavs. Tumca, xis romlebic lagdeba
dargvisgan gansxavavebiT, maT TxrilSi, magrdeba sarebiT
cicabo ferdobze da ifareba miwiT. konebi
horizontalurad awvenen. Cveulebriv 2-3 metris
cocxali fiCxkonebi ufro sigrZisa da 15-20 sm
efeqturia zedapiruli eroziis diametrisaa. xSirad
Sesamcireblad, jagrisis fenebi gamoiyeneba tirifis
ki _ siRrmiTi eroziis saxeobebi. fiCxkonebis
SesaCereblad. adgilze xis sarebiT
amagreben. Txrili manamde
ivseba miwiT, sanam fiCxkonis
qveda 2/3 ar daifareba, 1/3 ki
miwis zemoT darCeba.
10
nergebis fena
bermebze, daaxloebiT 60 sm-is siRrmeSi, iribad deben fesvebian
nergebs, romlebic erTmaneTze arian mikrulni. miwis zemoT
mxolod nergebis sigrZis erTi mesamedi unda iyos. gamomSral da
sakvebi nivTierebebiT Rarib niadagSi nergebze Calas an neSompalas
deben. Semdeg, nergebis fenas zeda bermidan miRebuli masaliT
faraven. gamomSral niadagSi nergebis fenebi horizontalurad
ideba, nestian miwaSi ki _ iribad. mTel zedapirze, maT Soris
manZili 1-3 metri unda iyos.
yovel metrSi xSirfoTlovani mcenaris 5-10 nergs rgaven,
iseTebs, romlebzec fesvebi SeiZleba gaizardos, magaliTad:
webovani muryani, Cveulebrivi zeTisxilisebrni. Zlierfesvebiani
axalgazrda nergebi an Canasaxebi yvelaze ukeTesia. Cargvis adgilze
saxeobebi erTmaneTs SeusabameT.

muSaobis ganrigi: mxolod vegetaciis, dasvenebis periodSi.

Sedegi: niadagi maSinve magrdeba. Reroebi mTel sigrZeze

warmoqmnili fesvebis saSualebiT arian miwaze damagrebulni.
mcenareebi Crdils hfenen, aaqtiureben, aumjobeseben da amagreben
miwas. murynebs, TavianTi kvanZebiTa da foTlebis swrafi lpobis
unariT, Seudarebeli ekologiuri Sedegi aqvT.

gamoyeneba: qviani, sakvebiT mdidari, qviSiani, kargi niadagi. aseve,

gamoiyeneba kirqviT Rarib adgilebSi.

3m
1-

11
saqarTveloSi merqnian mcenareTa gaSenebis saorientacio monacemebi

regioni simaRle
mcenaris saxelwodeba xe buCqi zRvis sa
aRm. das. donidan
1 soWi, Abiees nordmanniana 600-2 200

2 naZvi, Picea orientalis 300-2 200

kavkasiuri fiWvi,
3 400-2 400
Pinus kochiana

4 eldaris fiWvi, Pinus eldarica 200-800

5 uTxovari, Taxus baccata 50-1 800

6 kedari, Cedrus deodara 100-800

iaponuri kriptomeria,
7 10-200
Criptomeria japanica

8 kviparosi, Cupresus sempervirens 500-800

9 tuia, Tuja orientalis 200-800

10 Savi Rvia, Juniperus policarpos 150-1 300

mravalnayofa Rvia,
11 150-1 000
Juniperus policarpos
12 wiTeli Rvia, Juniperus oblonga 150-1 800

13 rcxila, Carpinus caucasica 500-1 800

14 wifeli, Fagus orientalis 100-2 000

15 qarTuli muxa, Quercus iberica 200-1 600

maRalmTis muxa,
16 1 400-2 000
Quercus machankhera
Walis muxa,
17 100-400
Quercus pedunculiflora

18 imeruli muxa, Quercus imeretina 100-500

19 pontos muxa, Quercus pontica 1 200-2 000

mindvris nekerCxali,
20 200-1 700
Acer campester
21 leka, Acer laetum 200-1 800

22 mTis bokvi, Acer pseudoplatanus 300-1 800

12
 lerwmis Reroebis
le
nargavebi
saarsebo garemo
garem
an 80-100 sm sigrZis
garemos maRali tenianoba axalgazrda, gamZle lerwmis
Reroebi niadagidan niCbis
garemos maRali tenianoba
saSualebiT amoaqvT. Tu
naxevrad mSrali, kldovani SesaZlebelia, maT
garemo 2-3 (maqsimum, 5) gaSlili
mSrali, kldovani da qviani foToli unda hqondeT. 3-5
ferdobebi
cali lerwmisgan konebs kraven,
maRalteniani da daCrdiluli
winaswar gaTxril, 30 sm
garemo
siRrmis ormoebSi rgaven da
kargad drenirebuli, Tixiani
xreSiT faraven. 1 kvadratul
niadagi
metrze 5-9 aseTi kona irgveba.
arakarbonatuli (kirqvis
gareSe), Warbteniani niadagi dargva SeiZleba mwkrivebadac,
kargad ganaTebuli, teniani 50-100 sm-is daSorebiT. dargva
niadagi xorcieldeba (maisis dasawyisSi
naxevrad mSrali, kirqviani da an ivnisis bolos).
Tixnari niadagi
mSrali da qviani, Tixnari
niadagi
mSrali da qviani ferdobebi

klde-RorRiani niadagi
naklebad teniani niadagi
garemos maRali tenianoba
saSualo siRrmis mSrali
niadagebi
samxreTis mimarTulebis,
mSrali niadagi
dablobis aluviuri (natani)
niadagi
vakisa da mTiswinebis teniani Sedegi:
niadagi lerwami swrafad mravldeba
subalpuri, teniani da da kvadratul metrze
ganaTebuli adgilebi weliwadSi 500-1,500 litr
mSrali lanSaftebi
wyals STanTqavs. xels uwyobs
wylis gasufTavebasac.
tyis SedarebiT teniani garemo optimaluri Sedegi mxolod
2 wlis Semdeg miiReba.
garemos saSualo tenianoba

13
TeTri mtirala
tirifi
Salix alba mcenaris saxelwodeba xe

qarTuli nekerCxali,
23
Acer Ibericum
maRalmTis bokvi,
24
Acer trautvetteni

25 sakmlis xe, Pistacia mutica

26 akakis xe, Celtis caucasica

27 panta, Pirus caucasica

tiriffoTola beryena,
28
Pirus salicifolia
saxokias beryena,
29
Pirus sakhokiana
qarTuli beryena,
30
Pirus georgica
dimitris beryena,
31
TeTri tirifi 20-25 m Pirus demetrii
simaRlis msxvili xea, mZlavri kecxovelis beryena,
32
Pirus ketskhovelii
ReroTi. abreSum-bususovani
foTlebis gamo xe Zalian 33 komSi, Cydonia oblonga
mgrZnobiarea sios umciresi
34 vaSlana, Cotoneaster meyeri
mobervis drosac. izrdeba
swrafad, sinaTlis moyvaruli CitakomSa,
35
Cotoneaster racemiflora
da yinvagamZlea, niadagis
mimarT momTxovni ar aris, 36 grakli, Spiraea hipericifolia
kargad itans qalaqis pirobebs. 37 maJalo, Malus orientalis
mravldeba TesliTa da
yunwebiT, magram yvelaze xSirad 38 circeli, Sorbus aucuparia
_ sarebiT, gansakuTrebiT _ buasies circeli,
datborvad monakveTebze. aRwevs 39
Sorbus boissieri
100 wels. aucilebeli 40 buSis ampura, Sorbus buschiana
komponentia msxvili
kolxuri ampura,
wyalsatevebis napirebze 41
Sorbus colchica
ganlagebuli didi parkebisa da fedorovis ampura
42
tyeparkebis kompoziciebisTvis. Sorbus fedorovii
gamoiyeneba axalSenebisa da 43 Tameli, Sorbus torminalis
samrewvelo obieqtebis 44 yvavtyemali, Amelanchier ovalis
swrafad gamwvanebisTvis, aseve
gzebis garSemo dasargavad. aqvs 45 CitavaSla, Pyravantha coccinea
lamazi dekoratiuli formebi. 46 zRmartli, Mespilus germanica

14
saqarTveloSi merqnian mcenareTa gaSenebis saorientacio monacemebi

regioni simaRle
xe buCqi zRvis saarsebo garemo
aRm. das. donidan
mSrali da naxevradmSrali
100-800
landSaftebi
subalpuri sartyelis
1 700-2 200
naxevradteniani garemo
mSrali da naxevradmSrali
100-800
lanSaftebi
mSrali da naxevradmSrali
100-800
lanSaftebi
300-1 700 SedarebiT teniani garemo

150-1 200 mSrali stepebi

150-1 200 mSrali, naTeli tyeebi

200-1 200 gorak-borcviani mSrali tyeebi

mTis qveda sartylis mSrali
400-800
garemo
mTis qveda sartylis mSrali
300-800
garemo
mTis qveda sartylis zomierad
100-1 200
teniani garemo
200-2 000 qvaiani ferdobebi

400-1 200 kldeebi, qviani ferdobebi

naxevradmSrali lanSaftebi,
150-2 000
stepebi
200-1 800 gzispirebi, natyevari adgilebi
mTis Sua da subalpuri
1 400-2 400
sartylis teniani garemo
subalpuri sartyelis
700-2 300
SedarebiT teniani garemo
1 800-2 200 CamonaSalebi, kirqviani niadagi

1 800-2 000 kirqviani niadagi

1 800-2 000 kirqviani niadagi

200-1 700 SedarebiT teniani garemo

1000-1 600 mSrali, qviani ferdobebi
400-900 qviani ferdobebi
600-1 300 mSrali tyeebi, tyispirebi

15
saqarTveloSi merqnian mcenareTa gaSenebis saorientacio monacemebi

regioni simaRle
mcenaris saxelwodeba xe buCqi zRvis sa
aRm. das. donidan
Savi kuneli,
47 200-800
Crataegus pentagina
48 knapa, Crataegus orientalis 400-1 200

49 yambro, Crataegus pontica 200-800

wiTeli kuneli,
50 500-1 500
Crataegus curvisepala

51 Jolo, Rubus Idaeus 100-2 400

52 askili, Rosa canina 200-2 000

53 tyemali, Prunus divaricata 100-1 700

54 kvrinCxi, Prunus spinosa 200-1 200

Cveulebrivi nuSi,
55 400-800
Amigdalus communis
qarTuli nuSi,
56 500-800
Amigdalus georgica
57 balRoji, Cerasus mahaleb 300-900

58 balamwara, Cerasus sylvestris 800-1 600

59 menaxiris bali, Cerasus incana 200-800

60 wyavi, Laurocerasus officinalis 100-2 400

61 SoTxvi, Padus ovium 1 600-1 900

62 Werami, Armeniaca vulgaris 300-900

63 atami, Persica vulgaris 400-800

64 sapnis xe, Koelrauteria paniculata 100-800

65 tirifi, Salix pentandroides 1 900-2 300

66 tirifi, Salix triandra 300-1 800

67 tirifi, Salix exelsa 200-900

68 mdgnali, Salix caprea 200-2 300

69 meWeWiani aryi, Betula pendula 800-1 700

70 TeTri aryi, Betula litwinowii 1 700-2 400

71 rades aryi, Betula raddeana 1 800-2 400

16
 ifani Cveulebrivi
Fraxinus excelsior
le
saarsebo garemo
garem samSoblo _
an evropa, yirimi,
mTiswineTisa da mTis qveda kavkasia. ifani 40
sartyelis tye metramde
mSrali tyeebi, ekotopebi simaRlis xea,
qviani ferdobebi varji
naTeli ferdobebi, tyispiri,
momrgvalebuli
natyevari an ovaluria,
Walis tye, tyis fanjrebi, qerqi _ muqi ruxi
natyevari da naxeTqebiani.
Ria ganaTebuli adgili, sinaTlis
natyevari moyvarulia,
tyispiri, natyevari, mindori Tumca axalgazrda asakSi
xeobaTa terasebi, buCqnarebi
garkveulwilad daCrdilvasac
itans. gansakuTrebiT saWiroebs
mSrali stepebi, tye-buCqnarebi nayofier niadags.
rekomendebulia rogorc
stepebi erTeuli, aseve jgufuri
Ria, ganaTebuli adgilebi dargvisTvis. yinvagamZlea, magram
SedarebiT teniani tyeebi SeiZleba ver gauZlos gviani
gazafxulis yinvebs.
mSrali, qviani ferdobebi,
stepebi
SedarebiT teniani tyeebi
(qvetyis saxiT)
mTis zeda sartylis SedarebiT
teniani tyeebi
Ria ganaTebuli adgilebi
Ria ganaTebuli adgilebi
mSrali ekosistemebi
mTis teniani garemo
mdinareebisa da tbebis napirebi
mdinareebisa da tbebis napirebi
teniani tyeebi, nakadulebis
napirebi
teniani garemo
mTis zeda da subalpuri
sartyelis teniani garemo
subalpuri sartyelis dekiani
garemo

17
mdgnali
Salix caprea
mcenaris saxelwodeba xe
10-15 metramde simaRlis xe,
gluvi mTrTolavi verxvi,
72
momwvano- Populus tremula
ruxi qerqiT. 73 Savi verxvi, Populus nigra
erTwliani
ylortebi 74 TeTri verxvi, Populus alba
momwvano-
ruxi an 75 Trimli, Cotinus coggygria
moyviTalo-
muraa, mokle 76 TuTa, Morus alba
bususebiT, 77 TuTubo, Rhus coriaria
ufro
iSviaTad _ 78 Txili, Corylus avellana
SiSveli.
79 ialRuni, Tamarix ramosissima
yvavis
aprilSi. nayofi mwifdeba
80 ifani, Fraxinus escelsion
mais-ivnisSi. mdgnali tirifis
tyisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 81 ifani, Fraxinus oxicarpa
saxeobaa. xis iersaxe cvalebadia
da damokidebulia tyis fardis 82 ifani, Fraxinus coriariaefolia
ganaTebasa da niadagis
simdidreze. 83 kakali, Juglansn regia
farTofoTlovani tyeebisa da 84 lafani, Pterocarya pterocarpos
tye-stepis zonebSi Reros
diametri ZirTan 30 sm-s da mets 85 kvido, Ligustrum vulgare
aRwevs. yvelaze adre saxldeba
mindvrebze, ganakafebze da 86 kowaxuri, Berberis vulgaris
qalaqis gazonebze. Wrisas 87 bza, Buxus colchica
ganaxldeba amonayariT da
TesliT. arcTu iSviaTad 88 broweuli, Punica granatum
mdgnali gvxvdeba mdinareebis
xeobebSic, magram aq arc ise 89 qacvi, Hippophae rhamnoides
teniani niadagebi uyvars.
mdgnali saucxoo saadreo 90 Sindi, Cornus mas
Taflis masalaa.
91 jagrcxila, Caprinus orientalis

92 jonjoli, Staphylea pinneta

kolxuri jonjoli,
93
Staphylea colchida

18
saqarTveloSi merqnian mcenareTa gaSenebis saorientacio monacemebi

regioni simaRle
xe buCqi zRvis saarsebo garemo
aRm. das. donidan g e
mSrali, qviani, kldovani
800-2 000
garemo
mdinareTa kalapotebi da
200-1 200
terasebi
mdinareTa kalapotebi da
200-1 200
terasebi
mSrali da qviani adgilebis
200-1 200
gasatyeveblad
100-1 200 mdinareTa terasebi, dablobebi
100-800 mSrali qviani ferdobebi
mSrali da SedarebiT teniani
200-1 800
garemo
mdinareebis, wyalsacavebis
50-500
napirebi
mSrali da SedarebiT teniani
200-1 600
ekotopebi
20 teniani da SedarebiT teniani
2 000-1
20 200 400 tyeebi
400-1 400 mSrali, qviani ferdobebi
mdinareTa kalapotebi,
200-1 600
terasebi, mTis qveda sartyeli
100-800 mdinareTa kalapotebi, terasebi
mSrali da SedarebiT teniani
100-800
tyeebi
300-1 400 mSrali da kldovani garemo
50-1 000 daCrdiluli, teniani garemo
mSrali, qviani ferdobebi,
100-800
mSrali zonis xeobebi
mdinareTa kalapotebi da
50-1 800
terasebi
mSrali tyeebi, ganaTebuli
200-1 400
ferdobebi
mSrali ferdobebi, natyevari
200-1 200
buCqnarebi
teniani tyeebi, mdinareTa
100-1 000
xeobebi
100-800 teniani tyeebi da tyispirebi

19
saqarTveloSi merqnian mcenareTa gaSenebis saorientacio monacemebi

regioni simaRle
mcenaris saxelwodeba xe buCqi zRvis sa
y aRm. das. donidan

94 ZeZvi, Paliurus spina-christi 100-1 000

95 ieli, Rhododendron luteum 200-2 200

96 uzani, Viburnum lantana 200-1 800

97 cxratyava, Lonicera iberica 400-1 000

98 WaWyati, Suonymus verrucosa 400-1 500

99 xeSavi, Rhamnus cthartica 400-1 800

100 xeWreli, Frangula alnus 500-2 000

mcenareebiT Semosili qvayrili

es meTodi mdinareTa cicabo napirebis gasamagreblad
gamoiyeneba. individualurad misi gamoyeneba sakmaod rTulia,
Tumca soflisa da TemisTvis SesaZlebelia. qvis
did lodebs qvemodan zemoT, araregularuli
saxiT ganalageben. cocxal sanamyene kalmebis
fenebsa da did lerwebs kldeebs Soris ise
aTavseben, rom fesvebma niadagamde miaRwios.
ormoebs winaswar Txrian ZalayiniT an sangrevi
CaquCiT. zrdas kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels
lodebs Soris sicarielis wvrili xreSiT
amovseba.
saSeni masalisTvis saWiroa bunebrivi,
daumuSavebeli qvis lodebi 500 kg-idan 2
tonamde, romlebic adgilobrivi landSaftis
geologias unda Seesabamebodnen. dasargavad ki
grZeli da didi lerwebia saWiro. aseve saWiroa
wvrili xreSi amosavsebad. qvebi zafxulSi unda
daidos, mcenareebis dargva ki mogvianebiTac
SeiZleba, Semodgomaze an momavali wlis
dasawyisSi. nergebis gaxarebis procenti
sakmaod mcirea (20%-mde).
20
 dargva-mokirwyvla
le
saarsebo garemo
garem
an
eroziisken midrekili miwis
monakveTebze drenaJis
mSrali natyevari ferdobebi,
gasaumjobeseblad niadags qviTa
stepuri zona
da xreSiT faraven.
ganaTebuli ferdoebi, paralelurad irgveba
tyispirebi mcenareebic. lerwmis patara
mSrali, SedarebiT teniani konebi, kalmebi da merqnisebri
tyeebi, buCqnarebi mcenareebi ise Tavsdeba, rom
dafesvianebam qveniadagamde
mSrali, kldovani ferdobebi
miaRwios. saSeni masalisTvis
mTis tyeebis qveda da Sua saWiro xreSi (2-10 sm) da qvebi
sartyeli (10-13 sm) unda Seesabamebodes im
mSrali tyeebi, buCqnarebi adgilis geologias, sadac
jebiri keTdeba. qvebiT
SedarebiT teniani tyeebi mokirwyvla weliwadis yvela
dros SeiZleba, lerwebi,
cocxali sanamyene kalmebis
mcenareebiT dafaruli fenebi da nargavebi ki
vegetaciuri Sesvenebis
gabionebi
periodSi unda ganTavsdes.
mWidro naxvretebian
(5-8 sm) mesers adgilze
mopovebuli qvebiT, cocxali
xis totebiTa da merqnisebri
mcenareebiT amoavseben, ise
Wimaven, rom mesrisgan
gragnili Seiqmnas da mas
gamomwvari mavTuliT abamen.
saWiro SemTxvevaSi gragnils
qveniadagSi foladis Zlieri
paloTi amagreben. meserSi
winaswar ganalageben tirifis
totebsa da dafesvianebul
merqnisebr mcenareebs,
romelTac axali ylortebis
amoyris unari aqvT.
mcenareebiT dafaruli
gabionebi vegetaciuri
Sesvenebis periodSi unda
moewyos.

21
 qarsacavi zolebi
qarsacav zolebs qarismieri eroziis winaaRmdeg iyeneben.
naxazze miTiTebulia qarsacavi zolis mosawyobad saWiro xeebis
saxeobebi. xeebis simaRlis mixedviT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxvanairi
qarsacavi zolis mowyoba _ dabalis, saSualo simaRlisa da
maRalis.

alvis xe
TeTri verxvi
qarTuli muxa
cxeniswabli
Wadari

kakali
Savi da kavkasiuri fiWvi
velis nekerCxali
mTis nekerCxali
patarafoTla cacxvi
didfoTla cacxvi
akacia

kvido
Trimli
ieli
Txili
bza

3-5 m

22
kavkasiis regionuli regionuli regionuli
garemosdacviTi centri ofisi ofisi
(REC Caucasus)
saTao ofisi CarenTis q. 1, II b. agaevis q. 100a, 1073,
WavWavaZis gamziri 23, sarTuli, 375025, baqo, azerbaijani
II sarTuli erevani, somxeTi t:+994 12 4924173
0179, Tbilisi, t/f: +374 10 574743
saqarTvelo
t: +995 32 2253649
f:+995 32 2253648
info@rec-caucasus.org

CENN – saqarTvelo CENN – somxeTi CENN – azerbaijani

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