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A 1994 diagram indicating our understanding of cladistic relationships of the major lineages of green algae and land plants.
(Modified from Mishler, B. D.et al. (1994) Phylogenetic relationships of the "green algae: and "bryophytes."
Abbreviations as follows:
Chloro. = Chlorophytes
Pleur. = Pleurophytes;
Ulvo. = Ulvophytes
Charop. = Charophytes
Micromonad.= Micromonadophytes;
Liv. = Liverworts;
Horn. = Hornworts;
Moss = Mosses;
Trach. = Tracheophytes.
Below, a 2006 diagram indicting our understanding of the relationship of the major lineages of green algae and land plants
Liverwort Classification at the Rank of Genus and Above
This classification is taken from: Crandall-Stotler, B., R. E. Stotler & D. G.Long. [2008]2009. Morphology
and classification of the Marchantiophyta, pp. 1-54. In B. Goffinet & A. J. Shaw (eds.) Bryophyte Biology,
2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Modifications have been made based upon the more
recent publication: Crandall-Stotler, B., R. E. Stotler & D. G. Long. 2009. Phylogeny and Classification of
the Marchantiophyta, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66: 155-198.
PHYLUM MARCHANTIOPHYTA Stotler & Crand.-Stotl., in A. J. Shaw & B. Goffinet, Bryoph. Biol.: 63 (2000).
CLASS: HAPLOMITRIOPSIDA Stotler & Crand.-Stotl., Bryologist 80: 425 (1977). [including
Treubiopsida Stech, J.-P. Frahm, Hilger & W. Frey, Nova Hedwigia 71: 207 (2000)].
ORDER: TREUBIALES Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 499 (1972).
CLASS: MARCHANTIOPSIDA Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm., Taxon 15: 132-133 (1966).
("Marchantiatae").
SUBCLASS: BLASIIDAE He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo, Cladistics 22: 27 (2006).
ORDER: BLASIALES Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. in A. J. Shaw & B. Goffinet, Bryoph. Biol.: 63 (2000).
SUBCLASS: PELLIIDAE He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo, Cladistics 22: 27 (2006).
ORDER: PELLIALES He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo, Cladistics 22: 27 (2006).
ORDER: FOSSOMBRONIALES Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 500 (1972).
SUBORDER: Calyculariineae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo, Cladistics 22: 27 (2006).
SUBORDER: Makinoiineae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo, Cladistics 22: 27 (2006).
Phyllothalliaceae E. A. Hodgs., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Bot. 2: 247 (1964). Phyllothallia E. A.
Hodgs.
Moerckiaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl., Nova Hedwigia Beih. 131: 54 (2007). Hattorianthus R. M. Schust. &
Inoue, Moerckia Gottsche
ORDER: PLEUROZIALES Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 505 (1972).
Pleuroziaceae Müll. Frib., Lebermoose 1: 404 (1909). Pleurozia Dumort. [including Eopleurozia R. M.
Schust.]
Mizutaniaceae Furuki & Z. Iwats., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 67: 291 (1989). Mizutania Furuki & Z. Iwats.
ORDER: PORELLALES Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 505 (1972).
ORDER PTILIDIALES Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 501 (1972).
SUBORDER: Lophocoleineae Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 504 (1972). (syn.:
Geocalycineae R. M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 397 (1972 [1973]).
Vetaformataceae Fulford & J. Taylor, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 11: 27 (1963). Vetaforma Fulford & J.
Taylor
Phycolepidoziaceae R. M. Schust., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93: 442 (1967). Phycolepidozia R. M. Schust.
Lepidoziaceae Limpr. in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 1: 310 (1877). Acromastigum A. Evans, Amazoopsis J.
J. Engel & G. L. S. Merr., Arachniopsis Spruce, Bazzania Gray nom. cons., Chloranthelia R. M.
Schust., Dendrobazzania R. M. Schust. & W. B. Schofield, Drucella E. A. Hodgs., Hyalolepidozia S. W.
Arnell ex Grolle, Hygrolembidium R. M. Schust., Isolembidium R. M. Schust., Kurzia G.
Martens, Lembidium Mitt. nom. cons., Lepidozia (Dumort.) Dumort. nom. cons., Monodactylopsis (R. M.
Schust.) R. M. Schust., Mastigopelma Mitt., Megalembidium R. M. Schust., Micropterygium Lindenb., Nees
& Gottsche, Mytilopsis Spruce, Neogrollea E. A. Hodgs., Odontoseries Fulford, Paracromastigum Fulford &
J. Taylor, Protocephalozia (Spruce) K. I. Goebel, Pseudocephalozia R. M.
Schust., Psiloclada Mitt., Pteropsiella Spruce, Sprucella Steph., Telaranea Spruce ex
Schiffn., Zoopsidella R. M. Schust., Zoopsis Hook. f. ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
Brevianthaceae J. J. Engel & R. M. Schust., Phytologia 47: 317 (1981). Brevianthus J. J. Engel & R. M.
Schust.
SUBORDER: Cephaloziineae Schljakov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 503 (1972). [syn.:
Cephaloziineae R. M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 391. (1972 [1973])].
Myliaceae Schljakov, Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 12: 308 (1975). Leiomylia J. J. Engel &
Braggins, Mylia Gray
Jungermanniaceae Rchb., Bot. Damen: 256 (1828).[including Mesoptychiaceae Inoue & Steere, Bull. Natl.
Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 1: 62 (1975).] Eremonotus Lindb. & Kaal. ex Pearson [including Anomomarsupella R. M.
Schust.], Hattoriella (Inoue) Inoue, Jungermannia L., Leiocolea (Müll. Frib.) H. Buch, Mesoptychia (Lindb.)
A. Evans
Marchantia polymorpha L.
Female
Marchantia polymorpha L.
Malaysia. Penang. Cameron Highlands. Brinchang, Country Lodge Resort. 1500 m. On soil wall, 1500 m. Li
Zhang 4474, July 28, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
Male
Marchantia polymorpha L.
Found on an exposed sandstone rock glade, April 17, 2005 in southern Illinois at Bell Smith Springs (Pope
County) by Dylan Kosma;
Asterella tenella (L.) P. Beauv.
Photo by Li Zhang
Carpocephala with immature sporophtes; note the reddish tinge on the stalks and pseudoperianth scales
that surround each developing sporophyte.
Found on an exposed sandstone rock glade, April 17, 2005 in southern Illinois at Bell Smith Springs (Pope
County) by Dylan Kosma;
Asterella tenella (L.) P. Beauv. [identified by study of a paradermal section to view the dorsal epidermal cell
walls and the pattern of the cells surrounding the air chamber openings]
Photo by Li Zhang
USA. Illinois. Johnson Co. Ferne Clyffe State Park, Black Jack Oak Trail. On sandy soil on exposed
sandstone rock glade, 180 m, May 31, 2009. Zhang 6331 (voucher in SZG)
Plagiochasma sp.
CHINA. Guizhou. Pu’an Co., Panshui. Dongfeng Reservoir, on rock by path in sparse forest, 1595
m, Zhang 5883, Oct 3, 2008. (voucher at SZG
Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi
Monosolenium tenerum Griff.
China, Macau, Macau Peninsula. On soil in flower bed, 10 m., February 15, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
Monosolenium tenerum Griff.
China, Macau, Macau Peninsula. On soil in flower bed, 10 m., February 15, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
Conocephalum conicum (L.) Corda.
Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. University of Malaya Botanical Garden. On moist rock in greenhouse. Li Zhang
4467, July 25, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
Exormotheca sp.
Photo by Li Zhang
USA. Illinois. Johnson Co. Ferne Clyffe State Park. Black Jack Oak Trail. On sandy soil by path, 180 m,
May 31, 2009. ZHANG 6329 (voucher in SZG)
Green house cultivated, SIUC. (Note yellow oil cells). April 2004.
Monoclea gottschei Lindb. subsp. elongata Gradst. & Mues
Green house cultivated, SIUC. (Note yellow oil cells). April 2004
Dumortiera hirsuta (Swaegr.) Nees ssp. nepalensis (Tay.) Frye & Clark
September 2004
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Petalophyllum americanum C. H. Ford & Crand.-Stotl.
China, Macau, Coloane Is. On soil in flower field, 10 m., January 26, 2007. (voucher in SZG
Phyllothallia navicola
September 2004.
Jensenia connivens (Colenso) Grolle
Pallavicinia levieri Schiffn.
New Zealand, South Island. Temple Basin. On soil shaded by overhanging grass.
Pleurozia acinosa (Mitt.) Trev.
Photo taken by Li Zhang
CHINA. Macau, Coloane Is. January 25, 2007. On moist rock by stream in sparse forest, 100 m
Riccardia sp.
Photo taken by Li Zhang,
Frullania sp.
Photo taken by Li Zhang
CHINA. Macau, Coloane Is. N 22°06.900', E 113°33.259', on trunk, 10 m. Li Zhang 5613, April 12, 2007.
(voucher in SZG)
Schistochila sp.
Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrn.) Dum.
Photo taken by Li Zhang
CHINA. Sichuan, July 2003.
Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dum.
Photo taken by Li Zhang
USA. Southern illinois, April 2005.
Photo by Li Zhang
CHINA. XIZANG (TIBET). Chayu Co., Cibagou National Nature Reserve,
28° 45' 19.79” N, 97° 02' 27.84” E, on humus in swamp, 3010 m., 20 Aug. 2009, Li Zhang 6785 (SZG)
Herbertus sp.
Malaysia. Penang. Cameron Highlands. Brinchang, Mt. Irau. N 04°28', E 101°23'. 1935 m. On humus in
forest. Li Zhang 5720, July 29, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum.
Malaysia. Penang. Cameron Highlands. Brinchang, Mt. Irau. N 04°28', E 101°23'. 1950 m. On rock by road.
Li Zhang 5736, July 29, 2007. (voucher in SZG)
A sexually reproductive population; note the elongating seta terminated by a brown, obong-ovoid sporophyte
capsule. Following further seta elongation, the capsule will dehisce, splitting along 4 vertical lines, and
spores are released.
Found growing over moist, protected sandstone, April 17, 2005 in southern Illinois at Bell Smith Springs
(Pope County) by Dylan Kosma; photo by Li Zhang
Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle
Found on moist rock , June 3, 2005 in Southern Illinois at Jackson Co., Little Grand Canyon by Li Zhang;
Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle
CHINA. INNER MONGOLIA. Hulunbei’er. Genhe. Aokelidiu Mt., Mountbase. N 51° 49' 48.2”, E 122° 03'
01.4”. On moist rock along streamlet in Larix gemelinii forest, 1025 m., July 13, 2010, Li Zhang 7432
(voucher in SZG)
This alphabetical list of all accepted liverwort genera is the first to include the number of species for each
[given in square brackets]. Species numbers follow contemporary taxonomic concepts with the source of
these data referenced parenthetically to the literature listed below. Species numbers based upon our
unpublished studies are given as (S & C-S) for Stotler and Crandall-Stotler. While most of the species
numbers are widely accepted, others represent approximations. For example, the number of species in the
two very largest genera of liverworts, namely Plagiochila and Frullania, was taken from Gradstein et al. (28)
and appears to be very conservative. More recently used generic names regarded as synonyms are given
in bold.
Acanthocoleus R. M. Schust. [7-8] - Lejeuneaceae (28)
Allorgella Tixier = Otolejeunea (87)
Apertithallus Kuwah. = Metzgeria
Arachniopsis Spruce = Telaranea (85)
Austrolembidium Hässel = Evansianthus (66)
Austrometzgeria Kuwah. = Metzgeria (98)
Top
Byssolejeunea Herzog = Lejeunea
Carrpos Prosk. = Monocarpus (5)
Chiastocaulon Carl [ ] - Plaqiochilaceae
Cladomastigum Fulford = Iwatsukia
Cladopodiella H. Buch [2] - Cephaloziaceae (9)
Cryptothallus Malmb. = Aneura
Cuspidatula Steph. [ ] - Adelanthaceae (102)
Dendrolembidium Herzog = Kurzia
Fossombronia Raddi [ca 70] - Fossombroniaceae (S & C-S) Top
Fulfordiella Hässel = Isophyllaria
Haesselia Grolle & Gradst. [monotypic] - Cephaloziaceae (68) Top
Jovetastella Tixier = Cololejeunea
Jubula Dumort. [4] - Jubulaceae (40)
Krunodiplophyllum Grolle [ ] - Scapaniaceae
Lamellocolea J. J. Engel [monotypic] - Lophocoleaceae (14) Top
Leucosarmentum Fulford = Paracromastigum
Makednothallus Verd. = Jensenia
Metacephalozia Inoue = Cephaloziopsis
Micrisophylla Fulford = Kurzia
Microlejeunea Steph. [20-30] - Lejeuneaceae (28)
Nesolejeunea Herzog = Lejeunea
Pachyglossa Herzog & Grolle [4] - Lophocoleaceae (3) Top
Pachyschistochila R. M. Schust. & J. J. Engel [21] - Schistochilaceae (70)
Papillolejeunea Pócs = Lejeunea (88)
Phragmatocolea Grolle = Jungermannia (76)
Placolejeunea Herzog = Cheilolejeunea
Poeltia Grolle = Marsupella
Porella L. [50-60] - Porellaceae (28)
Pseudomarsupidium Herzog = Adelanthus (68)
Regredicaulis Fulford = Zoopsidella
Rhaphidolejeunea Herzog = Drepanolejeunea
Roivainenia Perss. = Syzygiella (102)
Schusteria Kachroo = Taxilejeunea
Solenostoma Mitt. [ ] - Jungermanniaceae
Southbya Spruce [5] - Arnelliaceae (28)
Stenorrhipis Herzog = Kymatocalyx
Szweykowskia Gradst. & E. Reiner. [monotypic] - Plagiochilaceae (28) Top
Tegulifolium Hässel. = Gottschea
Torticalyx Perss. = Roivainenia
Vanaea (Inoue & Gradst.) Inoue & Gradst. [monotypic] - Jungermanniaceae (68)
Top
Zoopsis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees [8] - Lepidoziaceae (66)
DATA REFERENCES
(modified from Goffinet, B., W.R Buck and A.J. Shaw, Bryophyte Biology, 2nd ed. Cambridge University
Press, 2008; Goffinet 2012: <http://www.eeb.uconn.edu/people/goffinet/Classificationmosses.html>)
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
SUBPHYLLUM SPHAGNOPHYTINA Doweld
CLASS SPHAGNOPSIDA Ochyra
ORDER SPHAGNALES Limpr.
FAMILY SPHAGNACEAE Dumort.: Sphagnum L.
CLASS ANDREAEOPSIDA J. H. Schaffn.
ORDER ANDREAEALES Limpr.
ORDER ANDREAEOBRYALES B. M. Murray
SUBPHYLLUM BRYOPHYTINA Engler
FAMILY OEDIPODIACEAE Schimp.: Oedipodium Schwägr.
CLASS POLYTRICHOPSIDA Doweld
ORDER POLYTRICHALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY POLYTRICHACEAE Schwägr.: Alophozia Cardot, Atrichopsis Cardot, Atrichum P.
Beauv., Bartramiopsis Kindb., Dawsonia R.Br., Dendroligotrichum (Müll. Hal.) Broth., Hebantia G. L.
Sm., Itatiella G. L. Sm., Lyellia R. Br., Meiotrichum (G. L. Sm.) G. L. Sm., Notoligotrichum G. L.
Sm., Oligotrichum Lam. & DC, Plagioracelopus G. L. Sm. Merr., Pogonatum P.
Beauv., Polytrichadelphus (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., Polytrichastrum G. L.
Sm., Polytrichum Hedw., Pseudatrichum Reimers, Psilopilum Brid., Steereobryon G. L. Sm.
ORDER TETRAPHIDALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY TETRAPHIDACEAE Schimp.: Tetraphis Hedw., Tetrodontium Schwägr.
CLASS BRYOPSIDA Rothm.
SUBCLASS BUXBAUMIIDAE Doweld
ORDER BUXBAUMIALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY BUXBAUMIACEAE Schimp.: Buxbaumia Hedw.
SUBCLASS DIPHYSCIIDAE Ochyra
ORDER DIPHYSCIALES M. Fleisch.
SUBCLASS TIMMIIDAE Ochyra
ORDER TIMMIALES Ochyra
FAMILY TIMMIACEAE Schimp.: Timmia Hedw.
SUBCLASS FUNARIIDAE Ochyra
ORDER GIGASPERMALES Goffinet, Wickett, O. Werner, Ros, A.J. Shaw & C.J. Cox
FAMILY GIGASPERMACEAE Lindb.: Chamaeobryum Thér. &
Dixon, Costesia Thér., Gigaspermum Lindb., Lorentziella Müll. Hal., Oedipodiella Dixon
ORDER ENCALYPTALES Dixon
FAMILY BRYOBARTRAMIACEAE Sainsb.: Bryobartramia Sainsb.
FAMILY ENCALYPTACEAE Schimp.: Bryobrittonia R. S. Williams, Encalypta Hedw.
ORDER FUNARIALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY FUNARIACEAE Schwägr.: Aphanorrhegma Sull., Brachymeniopsis Broth., Bryobeckettia Fife,
Clavitheca O. Werner, Ros & Goffinet, Cygnicollum Fife &
Magill, Entosthodon Schwägr., Funaria Hedw., Funariella Sérgio, Goniomitrium Hook.f. &
Wilson, Loiseaubryum Bizot, Nanomitriella E. B. Bartram, Physcomitrella Bruch &
Schimp., Physcomitrellopsis Broth. & Wager, Physcomitridium G.Roth, Physcomitrium (Brid.)
Brid., Pyramidula Brid.
FAMILY DISCELIACEAE Schimp.: Discelium Brid.
SUBCLASS DICRANIDAE Doweld
FAMILY DRUMMONDIACEAE Goffinet: Drummondia Hook.
FAMILY BRYOXIPHIACEAE Besch.: Bryoxiphium Mitt.
ORDER GRIMMIALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY GRIMMIACEAE Arn.: Bucklandiella Roiv., Codriophorus P.
Beauv., Dryptodon Brid., Grimmia Hedw., Leucoperichaetium Magill, Niphotrichum (Bednarek-Ochyra)
Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, Racomitrium Brid., Schistidium Bruch & Schimp.
FAMILY SELIGERIACEAE Schimp.: Blindia Bruch &
Schimp., Brachydontium Fürnr., Hymenolomopsis Thér., Notothamia R.Ochyra &
R.D.Seppelt, Seligeria Bruch & Schimp., Trochobryum Breidl. & Beck, Valdonia Ochyra
ORDER ARCHIDIALES Limpr.
FAMILY ARCHIDIACEAE Schimp.: Archidium Brid.
FAMILY EUSTICHIACEAE Broth.: Eustichia (Brid.) Brid.
FAMILY DITRICHACEAE Limpr.: Astomiopsis Müll.
Hal., Bryomanginia Thér., Ceratodon Brid., Cheilothela Broth., Chrysoblastella R. S.
Williams, Cladastomum Müll. Hal., Cleistocarpidium Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra, Crumuscus W. R.
Buck & Snider, Cygniella H. A. Crum, Distichium Bruch &
Schimp., Ditrichopsis Broth., Ditrichum Hampe, Eccremidium Hook.f. & Wilson, Garckea Müll.
Hal., Kleioweisiopsis Dixon, ×Pleuriditrichum A. L. Andrews & F. J.
Herm., Pleuridium Rabenh., Rhamphidium Mitt., Saelania Lindb., Skottsbergia Cardot, Strombulidens W.
R. Buck, Trichodon Schimp., Tristichium Müll. Hal., Wilsoniella Müll. Hal.
FAMILY BRUCHIACEAE Schimp.: Bruchia Schwägr., Cladophascum Sim, Eobruchia W. R.
Buck, Pringleella Cardot, Trematodon Michx.
FAMILY ERPODIACEAE Broth.: Aulacopilum Wilson, Erpodium (Brid.) Brid., Solmsiella Müll.
Hal., Venturiella Müll. Hal., Wildia Müll. Hal. & Broth.
FAMILY SCHISTOSTEGACEAE Schimp.: Schistostega D. Mohr
FAMILY DICRANACEAE Schimp.: Anisothecium Mitt., Aongstroemia Bruch &
Schimp., Aongstroemiopsis M. Fleisch., Braunfelsia Paris, Brotherobryum M. Fleisch., Bryotestua Thér.
& P. de la Varde, Camptodontium Dusén, Campylopodium (Müll. Hal.) Besch., Chorisodontium (Mitt.)
Broth., Cnestrum I. Hagen, Cryptodicranum E. B. Bartram, Dicnemon Schwägr., Dicranella (Müll. Hal.)
Schimp., Dicranoloma (Renauld)
Renauld, Dicranum Hedw., Diobelonella Ochyra, Eucamptodon Mont., Eucamptodontopsis Broth., Holo
mitriopsis H. Rob., Holomitrium Brid., Hygrodicranum Cardot, Leptotrichella (Müll. Hal.)
Lindb., Leucoloma Brid., Macrodictyum (Broth.) E. H. Hegew., Mesotus Mitt., Mitrobryum H.
Rob., Muscoherzogia Ochyra, Orthodicranum (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske, Paraleucobryum (Limpr.)
Loeske, Parisia Broth., Platyneuron (Cardot)
Broth., Pocsiella Bizot, Polymerodon Herzog, Pseudephemerum (Lindb.) I.
Hagen, Pseudochorisodontium (Broth.) C. H. Gao, Vitt, X. H. Fu & T. Cao, Schliephackea Müll.
Hal., Sclerodontium Schwägr., Sphaerothecium Hampe, Steyermarkiella H. Rob., Wardia Harv. &
Hook., Werneriobryum Herzog
FAMILY LEUCOBRYACEAE Schimp.: Atractylocarpus Mitt., Brothera Müll. Hal., Bryohumbertia P. de
la Varde & Thér., Campylopodiella Cardot, Campylopus Brid., Cladopodanthus Dozy &
Molk., Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp., Leucobryum Hampe, Microcampylopus (Müll. Hal.)
Fleisch., Ochrobryum Mitt., Pilopogon Brid., Schistomitrium Dozy & Molk.
FAMILY CALYMPERACEAE Kindb.: Arthrocormus Dozy &
Molk., Calymperes Sw., Exodictyon Cardot, Exostratum L. T. Ellis, Leucophanes Brid., Mitthyridium H.
Rob., Octoblepharum Hedw., Syrrhopodon Schwägr.
ORDER POTTIALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY PLEUROPHASCACEAE Broth.: Pleurophascum Lindb.
FAMILY MITTENIACEAE Broth.: Mittenia Lindb.
SUBCLASS BRYIDAE Engl.
ORDER BRYALES Limpr.
FAMILY CATOSCOPIACEAE Broth.: Catoscopium Brid.
FAMILY BRYACEAE Schwägr.: Acidodontium Schwägr., Anomobryum Schimp., Brachymenium Schwägr.
, Bryum Hedw., Leptostomopsis (Müll. Hal.) J. R. Spence & H. P.
Ramsay, Mniobryoides Hörmann, Ochiobryum J. R. Spence & H. P. Ramsay, Osculatia De
Not., Perssonia Bizot, Ptychostomum Hornsch., Rhodobryum (Schimp.)
Limpr., Roellobryon R.Ochyra, Rosulabryum J. R. Spence
FAMILY PHYLLODREPANIACEAE Crosby: Mniomalia Müll. Hal., Phyllodrepanium Crosby
FAMILY MNIACEAE Schwägr.: Cinclidium Sw., Cyrtomnium Holmen, Epipterygium Lindb., Leucolepis L
indb., Mielichhoferia Nees & Hornsch., Mnium Hedw.,Orthomnion Wilson, Plagiomnium T. J.
Kop., Pohlia Hedw., Pseudobryum (Kindb.) T. J. Kop., Pseudopohlia R. S.
Williams, Rhizomnium (Broth.) T. J. Kop., Schizymenium Harv., Synthetodontium Cardot, Trachycystis T.
J. Kop.
FAMILY LEPTOSTOMATACEAE Schwägr.: Leptostomum R. Br.
ORDER ORTHOTRICHALES Dixon
FAMILY ORTHOTRICHACEAE Arn.: Cardotiella
Vitt, Ceuthotheca Lewinsky, Codonoblepharon Schwägr., Desmotheca Lindb., Florschuetziella Vitt, Gro
utiella Steere, Leiomitrium Mitt., Leratia Broth. & Paris, Macrocoma (Müll. Hal.)
Grout, Macromitrium Brid., Matteria Goffinet, Orthotrichum Hedw., Pentastichella Müll.
Hal., Pleurorthotrichum Broth., Schlotheimia Brid., Sehnemobryum Lewinsky-Haapasaari &
Hedenäs, Stoneobryum D. H. Norris & H. Rob., Ulota D. Mohr, Zygodon Hook. & Taylor
ORDER HEDWIGIALES Ochyra
FAMILY HELICOPHYLLACEAE Broth.: Helicophyllum Brid.
FAMILY RHACOCARPACEAE Kindb.: Pararhacocarpus Frahm, Rhacocarpus Lindb.
FAMILY RHIZOGONIACEAE Broth.: Calomnion Hook.f. &
Wilson, Cryptopodium Brid., Goniobryum Lindb., Pyrrhobryum Mitt., Rhizogonium Brid.
FAMILY AULACOMNIACEAE Schimp.: Aulacomnium Schwägr., Hymenodontopsis Herzog, Mesochaete
Lindb.
FAMILY ORTHODONTIACEAE Goffinet: Hymenodon Hook.f. &
Wilson, Leptotheca Schwägr., Orthodontium Wilson, Orthodontopsis Ignatov & B. C. Tan
FAMILY RACOPILACEAE Kindb.: Powellia Mitt., Powelliopsis Zanten, Racopilum P.
Beauv., Timokoponenia Zanten.
FAMILY HYPNODENDRACEAE Broth.: Bescherellia Duby, Cyrtopus (Brid.) Hook.f., Dendro-
hypnum Hampe, Franciella Thér., Hypnodendron (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., Mniodendron Lindb. ex Dozy &
Molk., Spiridens Nees, Touwiodendron N. E. Bell, A. E. Newton & D. Quandt
ORDER HOOKERIALES M. Fleisch.
FAMILY DALTONIACEAE Schimp.: Achrophyllum Vitt &
Crosby, Adelothecium Mitt., Beeveria Fife, Benitotania H. Akiyama, T. Yamag. &
Suleiman, Bryobrothera Thér., Calyptrochaeta Desv., Crosbya Vitt, Daltonia Hook. &
Taylor, Distichophyllidium M. Fleisch., Distichophyllum Dozy & Molk., Ephemeropsis K. I.
Goebel, Leskeodon Broth., Leskeodontopsis Zanten, Metadistichophyllum Nog. & Z. Iwats.
FAMILY HOOKERIACEAE Schimp.: Crossomitrium Müll. Hal., Hookeria Sm.
FAMILY LEUCOMIACEAE Broth.: Leucomium Mitt., Rhynchostegiopsis Müll. Hal., Tetrastichium (Mitt.)
Cardot
FAMILY PILOTRICHACEAE Kindb.: Actinodontium Schwägr., Amblytropis (Mitt.)
Broth., Brymela Crosby & B. H. Allen, Callicostella (Müll. Hal.)
Mitt., Callicostellopsis Broth., Cyclodictyon Mitt., Diploneuron E. B. Bartram, Helicoblepharum (Mitt.)
Broth., Hemiragis (Brid.) Besch., Hookeriopsis (Besch.) A. Jaeger, Hypnella (Müll. Hal.) A.
Jaeger, Lepidopilidium (Müll. Hal.) Broth., Lepidopilum (Brid.) Brid., Neohypnella E. B.
Bartram, Philophyllum Müll. Hal., Pilotrichidium Besch., Pilotrichum P. Beauv., Stenodesmus (Mitt.) A.
Jaeger, Stenodictyon (Mitt.) A. Jaeger, Thamniopsis (Mitt.) M. Fleisch., Trachyxiphium W. R. Buck
FAMILY FONTINALACEAE Schimp.: Brachelyma Cardot, Dichelyma Myrin, Fontinalis Hedw.
FAMILY AMBLYSTEGIACEAE G.
Roth: Amblystegium Schimp., Anacamptodon Brid., Bryostreimannia Ochyra, Campyliadelphus (Kindb.)
R.S. Chopra, Campylium (Sull.) Mitt., Conardia H. Rob., Cratoneuron (Sull.)
Spruce, Cratoneuropsis (Broth.) M. Fleisch., Drepanocladus (Müll. Hal.) G.
Roth, Gradsteinia Ochyra, HygroamblystegiumLoeske, Hygrohypnella Ignatov &
Ignatova, Hygrohypnum Lindb., Hypnobartlettia Ochyra, Koponenia Ochyra, Leptodictyum (Schimp.)
Warnst., Limbella (Müll. Hal.) Müll.
Hal., Limprichtia Loeske, Ochyraea Váňa, Palustriella Ochyra, Pictus C. C.
Towns., Pseudoamblystegium Vanderpoorten & Hedenäs, Pseudo-calliergon (Limpr.)
Loeske, Pseudocampylium Vanderpoorten &
Hedenäs, Pseudohygrohypnum Kanda, Sanionia Loeske, Sasaokaea Broth., Sciaromiella Ochyra, Sciaro
miopsis Broth., Scorpidium(Schimp.) Limpr., Sinocalliergon Sakurai, Serpoleskea (Limpr.)
Loeske, Vittia Ochyra
FAMILY THUIDIACEAE Schimp.: Abietinella Müll. Hal., Boulaya Cardot, Cyrto-hypnum (Hampe)
Hampe & Lorentz, Fauriella Besch., Pelekium Mitt., Rauiella Reimers, Thuidiopsis (Broth.) M.
Fleisch., Thuidium Bruch & Schimp.
FAMILY MYRINIACEAE Schimp.: Austinia Müll. Hal., Macgregorella E. B.
Bartram, Merrilliobryum Broth., Myrinia Schimp., Nematocladia W. R. Buck
FAMILY FABRONIACEAE Schimp.: Dimerodontium Mitt., Fabronia Raddi, Ischyrodon Müll.
Hal., Levierella Müll. Hal., Rhizofabronia (Broth.) M. Fleisch.
FAMILY HYPNACEAE Schimp.: Acritodon H. Rob., Andoa Ochyra, Austrohondaella Z.Iwats.,
H.P.Ramsay & Fife, Bardunovia Ignatov & Ochyra, Breidleria Loeske, Bryocrumia L. E.
Anderson, Buckiella Ireland, Callicladium H. A. Crum, Calliergonella Loeske, Campylophyllopsis W. R.
Buck, Campylophyllum (Schimp.) M. Fleisch., Caribaeohypnum Ando & Higuchi, Chryso-
hypnum (Hampe) Hampe, Crepidophyllum Herzog, Ctenidiadelphus M.
Fleisch., Cyathothecium Dixon, Dacryophyllum Ireland, Ectropotheciella M.
Fleisch., Ectropotheciopsis (Broth.) M. Fleisch., Ectropothecium Mitt., Elharveya H. A.
Crum, Elmeriobryum Broth., Entodontella M. Fleisch., Eurohypnum Ando, Foreauella Dixon & P. de la
Varde, Gammiella Broth., Giraldiella Müll.
Hal., Gollania Broth., Hageniella Broth., Herzogiella Broth., Homomallium (Schimp.)
Loeske, Hondaella Dixon & Sakurai, Horridohypnum W. R. Buck, Hyocomium Bruch &
Schimp., Hypnum Hedw., Irelandia W. R. Buck, Isopterygiopsis Z.
Iwats., Leiodontium Broth., Leptoischyrodon Dixon, Macrothamniella M. Fleisch., Mahua W. R.
Buck, Microctenidium M. Fleisch., Mittenothamnium Henn., Nanothecium Dixon & P. de la
Varde, Orthothecium Bruch & Schimp., Phyllodon Bruch &
Schimp., Plagiotheciopsis Broth., Platydictya Berk., Platygyriella Cardot, Podperaea Z. Iwats. &
Glime, Pseudohypnella (M. Fleisch.) Broth., Pseudotaxiphyllum Z. Iwats., Ptilium De
Not., Pylaisia Schimp., Rhacopilopsis Renauld & Cardot, Rhizohypnella M.
Fleisch., Sclerohypnum Dixon, Stenotheciopsis Broth., Stereodon (Brid.) Mitt., Stereodontopsis R. S.
Williams, Syringothecium Mitt., Taxiphyllopsis Higuchi & Deguchi, Taxiphyllum M.
Fleisch., Vesicularia (Müll. Hal.) Müll. Hal., Wijkiella Bizot & Lewinsky
FAMILY PTERIGYNANDRACEAE Schimp.: Habrodon Schimp., Heterocladium Bruch &
Schimp., Iwatsukiella W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum, Myurella Bruch &
Schimp., Pterigynandrum Hedw., Trachyphyllum A. Gepp
FAMILY HYLOCOMIACEAE M. Fleisch.: Ctenidium Mitt., Hylocomiastrum Broth., Hylocomium Bruch
& Schimp., Leptocladiella M.
Fleisch., Leptohymenium Schwägr., Loeskeobryum Broth., Macrothamnium M. Fleisch., Meteoriella S.
Okamura, Neodolichomitra Nog., Orontobryum M. Fleisch., Pleurozium Mitt., Puiggariopsis M.
Menzel, Rhytidiadelphus (Limpr.) Warnst., Rhytidiopsis Broth., Schofieldiella W. R. Buck
FAMILY RHYTIDIACEAE Broth.: Rhytidium (Sull.) Kindb.
FAMILY SYMPHYODONTACEAE M. Fleisch.: Chaetomitriopsis M. Fleisch., Chaetomitrium Dozy &
Molk., Dimorphocladon Dixon, Symphyodon Mont., Trachythecium M. Fleisch., Unclejackia Ignatov, T.
Kop. & D. Norris
FAMILY ENTODONTACEAE Kindb.: Entodon Müll.
Hal., Erythrodontium Hampe, Mesonodon Hampe, Pylaisiobryum Broth.
FAMILY SEMATOPHYLLACEAE Broth.: Acanthorrhynchium M.
Fleisch., Acroporium Mitt., Allioniellopsis Ochyra, Aptychopsis (Broth.) M.
Fleisch., Chionostomum Müll. Hal., Clastobryella M. Fleisch., Clastobryophilum M.
Fleisch., Colobodontium Herzog, Donnellia Austin, Hydropogon Brid., Hydropogonella Cardot, Macrohy
menium Müll. Hal., Meiotheciella B. C. Tan, W. B. Schofield & H. P.
Ramsay, Meiothecium Mitt., Papillidiopsis (Broth.) W. R. Buck & B. C. Tan, Paranapiacabaea W. R.
Buck & Vital,Potamium Mitt., Pterogoniopsis Müll. Hal., Piloecium (Müll. Hal.) Broth., Radulina W. R.
Buck & B. C. Tan, Rhaphidostichum M. Fleisch., Schraderella Müll.
Hal., Schroeterella Herzog, Sematophyllum Mitt., Timotimius W. R.
Buck, Trichosteleum Mitt., Trolliella Herzog, Warburgiella Müll. Hal.
FAMILY CRYPHAEACEAE Schimp.: Cryphaea D. Mohr, Cryphaeophilum M.
Fleisch., Cryphidium (Mitt.) A. Jaeger, Cyptodon (Broth.) M.
Fleisch., Cyptodontopsis Dixon, Dendroalsia E. Britton, Dendrocryphaea Broth., Dendropogonella E.
Britton, Pilotrichopsis Besch., Schoenobryum Dozy & Molk., Sphaerotheciella M. Fleisch.
FAMILY PRIONODONTACEAE Broth.: Prionodon Müll. Hal.
FAMILY PTEROBRYACEAE Kindb.: Calyptothecium Mitt., Cryptogonium (Müll. Hal.)
Hampe, Henicodium (Müll. Hal.) Kindb., Hildebrandtiella Müll. Hal., Horikawaea Nog., Jaegerina Müll.
Hal., Micralsopsis W. R. Buck, Muellerobryum M. Fleisch., Neolindbergia M.
Fleisch., Orthorrhynchidium Renauld &
Cardot, Orthostichidium Dusén, Orthostichopsis Broth., Osterwaldiella Broth., Penzigiella M.
Fleisch., Pireella Cardot, Pseudopterobryum Broth., Pterobryidium Broth. &
Watts, Pterobryon Hornsch., Pterobryopsis M. Fleisch., Renauldia Müll.
Hal., Rhabdodontium Broth., Spiridentopsis Broth., Symphysodon Dozy & Molk., Symphysodontella M.
Fleisch.
FAMILY PHYLLOGONIACEAE Kindb.: Phyllogonium Brid.
FAMILY ORTHORRHYNCHIACEAE S. H. Lin: Orthorrhynchium Reichardt
FAMILY LEPYRODONTACEAE Broth.: Lepyrodon Hampe
FAMILY NECKERACEAE Schimp.: Alleniella S.Olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt,Baldwiniella M.
Fleisch., Bryolawtonia D. H. Norris & Enroth, Caduciella Enroth, CirculifoliumS. Olsson, Enroth &
D.Quandt, Crassiphyllum Ochyra, Cryptoleptodon Renauld &
Cardot, Curvicladium Enroth, Dixonia Horik. & Ando, Dolichomitra Broth., Echinodiopsis S.Olsson,
Enroth & D. Quandt, Exsertotheca S.Olsson, Enroth & D.
Quandt,Handeliobryum Broth., Himantocladium (Mitt.) M. Fleisch., Homalia (Brid.) Bruch &
Schimp., Homaliodendron M. Fleisch., Hydrocryphaea Dixon, Isodrepanium (Mitt.) E.
Britton, Metaneckera Steere, Neckera Hedw., Neckeropsis Reichardt, Neomacounia Ireland, Noguchioden
dron Ninh & Pócs, Orthostichella Müll. Hal., Pendulothecium Enroth & S. He, Pinnatella M.
Fleisch., Porotrichodendron M. Fleisch., Porotrichopsis Broth. & Herzog, Porotrichum (Brid.)
Hampe, Shevockia Enroth & Ji, Thamnobryum Nieuwl., Thamnomalia S.Olsson, Enroth & D.
Quandt,Touwia Ochyra
FAMILY ECHINODIACEAE Broth.: Echinodium Jur.
FAMILY LEPTODONTACEAE Schimp.: Alsia Sull., Forsstroemia Lindb., Leptodon D.
Mohr, Taiwanobryum Nog.
FAMILY LEMBOPHYLLACEAE Broth.: Acrocladium Mitt., Bestia Broth., Camptochaete Reichardt, D
olichomitriopsis S. Okamura, Fallaciella H. A. Crum, Fifea H. A.
Crum, Isothecium Brid., Lembophyllum Lindb., Looseria (Thér.) D. Quandt, S. Huttunen, Tangney &
Stech, Neobarbella Nog., Pilotrichella (Müll. Hal.) Besch., Rigodium Schwägr., Tripterocladium (Müll.
Hal.) A. Jaeger, Weymouthia Broth.
FAMILY MYURIACEAE M.
Fleisch.: Eumyurium Nog., Myurium Schimp., Oedicladium Mitt., Palisadula Toyama
FAMILY ANOMODONTACEAE Kindb.: Anomodon Hook. & Taylor, Bryonorrisia L. R. Stark & W. R.
Buck, Chileobryon Enroth, Curviramea H. A. Crum, HaplohymeniumDozy &
Molk., Herpetineuron (Müll. Hal.) Cardot, Schwetschkeopsis Broth.
FAMILY THELIACEAE M. Fleisch.: Thelia Sull.
PHYLUM (DIVISION) ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA Stotl. & Crand.-Stotl. Bryologist 80: 425. 1977.
ORDER ANTHOCEROTALES Limpricht in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. von Schlesien: 239, 345. Breslau. 1877.
ORDER NOTOTHYLADALES Hyvönen & Piippo, J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 74: 117. 1993. "Notothylales".
Nothoceros (R. M. Schust.) Hasegawa, J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 76: 32. 1994. "Notoceros"
SOURCE:
Stotler, R. E. & B. Crandall-Stotler. 2005. A revised classification of the Anthocerotophyta and a checklist of
the hornworts of North America, north of Mexico. Bryologist 108: 16-26.
Anthoceros fusiformis Austin
Collected 29 June, 2004 by David Wagner (Wagner m1386) along the South Santiam River, Oregon.
Growing on soil next to a seepy area. (voucher in ABSH)
Folioceros fuciformis (Mont.) Bharadw.
CHINA. Macau, Coloane Is., on soil in green belt, 30 m., October 12, 2006. (voucher in SZG)
Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.
Collected 29 June, 2004 by David Wagner (Wagner m1389) along the South Santiam River, Oregon.
Growing in a constantly flowing sheet of water, on rock, next to a small waterfall. [voucher ABSH].
Found on soil along a path in sparse forest, June 3, 2005 in Southern Illinois at Jackson Co., Little Grand
Canyon by Li Zhang; photo taken by Li Zhang
Dendroceros sp.
Malaysia. Penang. Cameron Highlands. Brinchang, Mt. Irau. N04°28', E101°23'. 1950 m. On tree trunk in
forest. Li Zhang 5729, July 29, 2007. (voucher in SZG)