Agartha - the Hollow Earth

Perhaps some of the most bizarre scientific theories ever considered

were those concerning the possibility that the Earth was hollow. One
of the earliest of these was proposed in 1692 by Edmund Halley.

Edmund Halley was a brilliant English astronomer whose

mathematical calculations pinpointed the return of the comet that
bears his name. Halley was fascinated by the earth's magnetic field.
He noticed the direction of the field varied slightly over time and the
only way he could account for this was there existed not one, but
several, magnetic fields. Halley came to believe that the Earth was
hollow and within it was a second sphere with another field. In fact, to
account for all the variations in the field, Halley finally proposed that
the Earth was composed of some four spheres, each nestled inside
another.

Halley also suggested that the interior of the Earth was populated with
life and lit by a luminous atmosphere. He thought the Aurora
Borealis, or northern lights, was caused by the escape of this gas
through a thin crust at the poles.
Others picked up Halley's hollow-earth theory often adding their own
twists. In the eighteen century Leonhard Euler, a Swiss
mathematician, replaced the multiple spheres theory with a single
hollow sphere which contained a sun 600 miles wide that provided
heat and light for an advanced civilization that lived there. Later
Scottish mathematician Sir John Leslie proposed there were two
inside suns (which he named Pluto and Proserpine).

One of the most ardent supporters of hollow-earth was the American

John Symmes. Symmes was an ex-army officer and a business man.
Symmes believed that the Earth was hollow and at the north and south
poles there were entrances, 4,000 and 6,000 miles wide, respectively,
that led to the interior. Symmes dedicated much of his life to
advancing his theory and raising money to support an expedition to
the North Pole for the purpose of exploring the inner earth. He was
never successful, but after his death one of his followers, a newspaper
editor named Jeremiah Reynolds, helped influence the U.S.
government to send an expedition to Antarctica in 1838. While the
explorers found no hole there, they did bring back convincing
evidence that Antarctica was not just a polar ice cap, but the Earth's
seventh continent.

In 1846 the discovery of an extinct wooly mammoth frozen in ice in

Siberia was used by Marshall Gardner as evidence of a hollow
earth. Gardner subscribed to the single-sun-inside-the-earth theory
and suggested that the mammoth was so well-preserved because it
had died recently. Gardner thought that mammoths and other extinct
creatures wandered freely in the interior of the earth. This one had
wandered outside by using the hole at the North Pole, then was frozen
and carried to Siberia on an ice flow.

That same decade a new theory about the hollow-earth appeared. It

was the brainchild of Cyrus Read Teed. Teed proposed that the Earth
was a hollow sphere and that people lived on the inside of it. In the
center of the sphere was the sun, which was half dark and half light.
As the sun turned it gave the appearance of a sunset and sunrise. The
dense atmosphere in the center of the sphere prevented observers
from looking up into the sky and seeing the other side of the world.
Interestingly enough, Teed's theory was hard for 19th century
mathematicians to disprove based on geometry alone, since the
exterior of a sphere can be mapped onto the interior with little trouble.

Teed changed his name to Koresh and founded what might today be
called a cult. After buying a 300 acre tract in Florida, Koresh declared
himself the messiah of a new religion. He died in 1908 without
proving his ideas.

Even after his death, though, some continued to subscribe to his

theory. A story is told that during World War II Hitler sent an
expedition to the Baltic Island of Rugen. There Dr. Heinz Fischer
pointed a telescopic camera into the sky in an attempt to photograph
the British fleet across the hollow interior of a concave earth. He was
apparently unsuccessful and the British fleet remained safe.
After World War II there seems to be a continuing connection
between hollow-earth stories and Nazi Germany. One author, Ernst
Zündel, wrote a book entitled UFOs - Nazi Secret Weapons?
claiming that Hitler and his last battalion had boarded submarines at
the end of the war, escaped to Argentina, and then established a base
for flying saucers inside the Earth at the South Pole. Zündel also
suggested that the Nazis had originated as a separate race that had
come from the inner-earth.

As time has gone on the idea of a hollow-earth has become less a

theory of fringe science and more a subject of science fiction and
fantasy. Perhaps this has happened because new discoveries continue
to show there is no validity to most of the hollow-earth ideas. United
States Navy Admiral Richard Byrd flew across the North Pole in
1926 and the South Pole in 1929 without seeing any holes leading to
inner-earth. Photographs taken by astronauts in space show no
entrances either. Modern geology indicates the Earth is mostly a solid
mass.

One believer did seize on a NASA photograph showing a black hole

at the North Pole and called it proof of an entrance to a hollow-earth.
As it turned out the photo was actually a composite of several pictures
taken over 24 hours so that all sections were seen in daylight and the
black hole at the top was the portion of the arctic circle never
illuminated during the day over winter months.
Perhaps one of the most well-known books about hollow-earth is
Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth. The book illustrates
a third theory of hollow-earth which is more plausible than the other
two. This is that passages from the surface lead to caverns
underground in which life thrives.

In the book three scientists climb down an inactive Iceland volcano in

an attempt to find a path to the center of the Earth. They don't make it,
but they do find an underground sea populated with prehistoric
creatures including plesiosaurs.

Verne may have been closer to that mark than most expected. For
years scientists scoffed at the idea of life thriving underground
without light to provide energy. Now explorations have found rock-
eating bacteria living as far as a mile below the ground. In Romania a
whole ecosystem, including spiders, scorpions, leeches and millipedes
has been found in a cave cut off from the surface 5.5 million years
ago.

In addition to this kind of a hollow-earth there may be a "hollow

Mars." A Mars rock in the antarctic suggests that bacteria may have,
and might continue to, exist underground on the red planet.
Hollow Earth

The hollow Earth theory holds that Earth is not a solid sphere but is
hollow and has openings at the poles. Furthermore, an advanced
civilization, the Agartha, exists within Earth. Their people include
advanced spiritual and technological masters who sometimes foray
into the atmosphere in their UFOs.

In the late 17th century, British astronomer Edmund Halley proposed

that Earth consists of four concentric spheres and also suggested that
the interior of the Earth was populated with life and lit by a luminous
atmosphere. He thought the aurora borealis, or northern lights, was
caused by the escape of this gas through a thin crust at the poles.

In the early 19th century, an eccentric veteran of the war of 1812 John
Symmes (d. 1829) promoted the idea of interior concentric spheres so
widely that the alleged opening to the inner world was named
"Symmes Hole."
In Hamilton, Ohio, his son erected a monument with a stone model of
the hollow earth to commemorate his dad's incessant lobbying for an
expedition to the North Pole to find the
entrance to the world below. Martin
Gardner writes that "It took Byrd's flight
over the North Pole to deal a death blow to
'Symmes' hole'". However, later advocates
hail Admiral Byrd as having actually gone
into the hollow earth at both poles! This
strange belief seems to be based on nothing
more than the fact that Byrd referred to
Antarctica as "The Land of Everlasting
Mystery" and once wrote: "I'd like to see
that land beyond the (North) Pole. That
area beyond the Pole is the Center of the
Great Unknown." Such evidence John Cleves Symmes
apparently suffices for the alternative
scientist.
Edgar Allan Poe used the theme of the hollow earth in The Narrative
of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838). Jules Verne wrote
Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864 and Edgar Rice Burroughs
(1875-1950), the creator of Martian adventures and Tarzan of the
Apes, also wrote novels set in the hollow earth. Legends often ignite
the imagination of fiction writers and fiction often ignites the
imagination of the pseudoscientist.

In 1869, Cyrus Reed Teed, an herbalist and self-proclaimed

alchemist, had a vision of a woman who told him that we are living on
the inside of the hollow Earth. For nearly forty years, Teed promoted
his idea in pamphlets and speeches. He even founded a cult called the
Koreshans (Koresh is the Hebrew equivalent of Cyrus).

In 1906, William Reed published The Phantom of the Poles in which

he claimed that nobody had found the north or south poles because
they don't exist. Instead, the poles are entrances to the hollow earth.
In 1913, Marshall B. Gardner privately published Journey to the
Earth's Interior in which he rejected the notion of concentric spheres
but swore that inside the hollow earth was a sun 600 miles in
diameter. Gardner, too, claimed that there were huge holes a thousand
mile wide at the poles.
Byrd flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South Pole in
1929, but he didn't see these entrances to the nether world. It is
pointless to point out this fact or to refer hollow earthers to satellite
photographs that do not show holes at the poles. They are sure that
there is a government conspiracy to cover up the truth.

In the 1940s, Ray Palmer, co-founder of FATE, Flying Saucers from

Other Worlds, Search, The Hidden World, and many other pulp
publications, teamed up with Richard Shaver to create the Shaver
Mystery, a legend of a world of hollow earth people and an advanced
civilization. Shaver even claimed to have dwelled with the inner Earth
people. According to Richard Toronto, the FBI blamed Palmer and
Shaver for concocting "Flying Saucer Hysteria", making them the true
founding fathers of modern UFOlogy.

The belief in a
hollow Earth had
some adherents in
Nazi Germany.
There is even a
legend which says
that Hitler and his
chief advisers
escaped the last
days of the Third
Reich by going
through the opening
at the South Pole.

In 1964, Raymond
W. Bernard, an
esotericist and
leader of the
Rosicrucians published The Hollow Earth - The Greatest
Geographical Discovery in History Made by Admiral Richard E.
Byrd in the Mysterious Land Beyond the Poles - The True Origin of
the Flying Saucers. Bernard also authored Flying Saucers from the
Earth's Interior. His real name was Walter Siegmeister. His doctoral
dissertation was entitled "Theory and Practice of Dr. Rudolf Steiner's
Pedagogy" (New York University, 1932). In his Letters from
Nowhere, Bernard claims to have been in contact with great mystics
in secret ashrams and with Grand Lamas in Tibet. He was, in short,
another Gurdjieff.

Dr. Bernard died of pneumonia on September 10, 1965, while

searching the tunnel openings to the interior of the Earth, in South
America. Bernard seems to have accepted every legend ever
associated with the hollow Earth idea, including the notions that the
Eskimos originated within the Earth and an advanced civilization
dwells within even now, revving up their UFOs for occasional forays
into thin air. Bernard even accepts without question Shaver's claim
that he learned the secret of relativity before Einstein from the Hollow
Earth people.

A Look at the Polar Mystery

by Dennis Crenshaw

If our world is solid as we are told common since tells us that the
"magnetic" Poles would be where they belong – at the same spot as
the "geographical" poles. However, as we know that is not the case.

The Magnetic Poles are not fixed spots, but are constantly traveling
onwards, executing an unknown path and apparently completing a
circle in a period of many hundreds of years. In addition to this
onward movement of a few miles a year, there is a lesser daily
oscillation. (1)

What do Gardner and Reed, the presenters of The Hollow Earth

Theory have to say on this subject?
In gravitational pull it is not the geometrical position that counts.
Center, in the geometrical sense of the word, does not apply. It is the
mass that attracts. And if the great mass of the earth is in its thick
shell, it is the mass of that shell that will attract, and not a mere
geometrical point which is not in the shell but 2900 miles away from
it, as that is the approximate distance between the center sun and the
inner surface of the earth. As a matter of fact it is the equal
distribution of the force of gravity all through the shell. When we are
on the outside of the shell it is the mass of the shell that attracts us to
the surface. When we go over to the inside of the shell the same force
will still keep our feet solidly planted on the inner side. (2)

So, according to Gardner, it's not some action deep within our Earth
which causes gravity and the Earth's magnetism but the rotation of the
mass which makes up the crust. To understand where a "magnetic"
pole would be if the world were made-up as envisioned by the two
fathers of the Hollow Earth Theory we turn to William Reed:

If the center of the walls of the earth is the center of gravity, then the
greatest attraction would be at the poles. [the place where the
magnetic pull would be the strongest] "must have been about halfway
around the curve, entering the introit of the earth and, if so, was in
perfect accordance with the laws of the universe that the center of
gravity is strongest at this point. (3)

Gardner agrees with Reed. The magnetic poles would actually form a
circle around the pole-hole. Not a "moving" pole as in the accepted
theory, but a permanent "ring" around the alleged entrance into the
inner lands.

One Pole -Two Poles -Three Poles - More?

On July 19, 1947 a group of scientists left Ottawa Canada aboard a

plane with the mission of finding the exact position of the North
Magnetic Pole. Included in the tons of equipment they loaded aboard
was "a new instrument that is expected to be helpful in taking
magnetic soundings and establishing the northern magnetic field" (4)
On August 17, 1947 The New York Times reported:

Polar Shift Confirmed. Canadian Scientists Report a Movement 200

Miles North

Ottawa, Aug. 16, 1947 – The North Magnetic Pole seems to have
moved 200 miles north since the year 1909 according to the first
findings of four scientists of the Canadian Department of Mines and
Resources, who left here by air July 19 in quest of the poles present
position. (5)

This seems to fit the accepted theory OK. No surprises here. But then
the United States Air Force tried to slide one by us. on Monday,
October 20, 1947 the following front page story was carried by The
New York Times:

All Arctic Is Open To The Air Force; 2 New Poles Found. Tests show
3 Magnetic Poles Instead of 1, With Center on Prince Wales Island
by Anthony Leviero

Washington, Oct. 19, 1947 –

The Air Force disclosed that it had discovered two new magnetic
poles, in addition to correcting the position of the one recognized by
science the three poles constitute an elliptical magnetic field. (6)

Upon finding this article in the Jacksonville Florida Public Library

microfilm files I had to rush to a dictionary. Just as I suspected,
Webster's Seventh defined elliptical as being a "deviation of an ellipse
or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere. Ellipse is defined
as "an oval". Of course, this is never talked about. As could be
expected the article goes on to state "the exact location in latitude and
longitude of these important discoveries in terrestrial magnetism were
withheld for security reasons, a spokesman said" Under the rug!
However a little bit more of what was found out did slip through the
net. In a scientific editorial in The New York Times published on
October 21, 1947 we learn:

Magnetic Trinity

This military study of the polar regions has unexpectedly supplied us

with new information on terrestrial magnetism. Observers of the
Royal Air Force found that the North Magnetic Poles lies 300 miles
north-northwest of its charted position. These findings have not only
been confirmed by American Army pilots but have been supplemented
with the information there are three magnetic poles in the area 450
miles long by nearly 200 miles wide. (7)

The Poles Explained

Is it just a coincidence that these documented findings fits exactly the

description of what the founders of the Hollow Earth Theory said
would be found? As with most of the earthly mysteries, the
"mysteries" of the poles are easily understood when looked at using
the concept of a hollow globe.

The poles do not from spot to spot and there are not three separate
poles. This is a classic example of the results of the establishment
scientists trying to "fit" the know facts to their "sacred cow" of a
theory. The actual explanation is simple. As different explorers start
over the edge of the lip into the interior lands they think they have
"discover" that the pole has moved or that they have "found" a new
magnetic pole. It's also possible that they are taking readings from
different areas of the circle which surrounds the pole-hole exactly
where Reed and Gardner said the magnetic field is located.

In the words of the author of the Oct.21, 1947 New York Times
scientific editorial quoted above:

We begin to understand why explorers have reported that the

Magnetic North Pole is elusive and that it shifts its position. But is it
shifting? If the three magnetic poles remain fixed, if other poles are
found, which is not improbable, we shall have to think of an ellipse-
shaped magnetic region. (8)

Another scientific fact which supports the Hollow Earth Theory, yet
totally ignored by the "experts".

(1) Master Minds of Modern Science, T.C. Bridges & H. Hessell

Tiltman. New York: The Dial Press. 1931.
(2) A Journey To The Earth's Interior, Marshall B. Gardner. Aurora,
IL. By the Author. 1920.
(3) The Phantom of The Poles< William Reed. New York. 1906.
Reprinted 1990.
(4) "12 "To Hunt Magnetic Pole 2 Months in Arctic". July 20, 1947.
(5) "Polar Shift Confirmed", The New York Times, August 17, 1947.
(6) "Two New Poles Found:", The New York Times, October 20,
1947.
(7) "Magnetic Trinity", The New York Times, October 21, 1947
(8) Magnetic Trinity. The New York Times. October 21, 1947

The intriguing question of a hollow Earth has attracted the

attention of free thinkers, scientists and a wide assortment of
crackpots back through the ages

Plato wrote of enormous subterranean tunnels both broad and narrow

that made up the earth's interior. Dr. Edmund Halley, of comet fame,
believed that all heavenly bodies were hollow and in a speech before
the members of the Royal Society of London stated "Beneath the crust
of the Earth, which is 500 feet thick, is a hollow void". Then there
was Leonard Euler (1707-1783), noted mathematician and one of the
founders of higher mathematics. He stated that "mathematically the
Earth has to be hollow". He also believed there was a center sun
inside the Earth's interior, which provided daylight to a splendid
subterranean civilization.
Next came Captain John Cleves Symmes, war hero of the War of
1812. Once his studies led him to believe in a Hollow Earth, he used
his knowledge to convince James McBride, a Miami Ohio millionaire.
Mr. McBride used his political connections to Rep. Richard M.
Johnson (D) of Kentucky [later vice-president under Van Buren 1837-
18411] to petition congress to finance an expedition to claim the lands
inside the earth for the U.S. The petition, by a vote of 56-46 was
tabled.

The Hollow Earth was next theorized by William Reed in his 1906
book The Phantom of The Poles. Based on his studies of early Arctic
explorations and scientific evidence, he states that the Earth is not
solid as widely believed, but hollow with openings at both ends. In
the summary of his revolutionary theory, Reed states "The Earth is
hollow. The Poles, so long sought, are phantoms. There are openings
at the northern and southern extremities. In the interior are vast
continents, oceans, mountains and rivers. Vegetable and animal life
are evident in this New World and it is probably peopled by races
unknown to dwellers on the Earth's surface"

Marshall B. Gardner reached the same conclusions after 20 years of

research and published his finding in A Journey to the Earth's
Interior, or, Have the Poles Really Been Discovered? in 1913, revised
1920. He was unaware of Reed or his theory at the time. Mr. Gardner
puts forth the argument that neither Cook nor Peary reached the True
North Pole since, according to the theory, it does not exist. Mr.
Gardner states "Scientific societies that considered Cook's and Peary's
claims concluded that in neither case could it be said authoritatively
that the explorer had reached the pole".

This controversy still exists today.

Science fiction writers have had a field day with the theory. Jules
Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth, Edgar Rice Borrough's
Tarzan at the Earth's Core and scores of other authors have let their
talents run wild in the Inner World. Grade-B film makers know a
good theme when they find one also.

Then there are those people who claim to have visited the interior of
our planet. Olaf Janson's "The Smoky God"" is one such story that
comes to mind.

Another is EDIDORPHA or The End Of The Earth by John Uri Lloyd

published in 1895.

Ray Palmer was one of the first researchers and reporters on the UFO
scene during the 50s and 60s. In his ground breaking publications
Flying Saucers" and Search Magazine, he speculated that, because
UFOs have been seen in earth's sky throughout history , they may
very well be from our earth, in fact, evidence seemed to indicate that
UFOs could very well come from a subterranean world inside our
earth.

Then on the cover of Flying Saucers magazine issue #69 - June 1970
and in issue #92 of Search Magazine published in July of 1970, the
late Mr. Palmer published a photo that is still a controversy. Excerpts
from his Editorial in the above mentioned Flying Saucers magazine
tell it best;

On the cover this month we reproduce the most remarkable photo

ever made.

It was taken by the ESSA-7 satellite on November 23, 1968 the North
Pole photo lacking clouds in the polar area, therefore reveals the
surface of the planet. Although, surrounding the polar area, and
north of such areas as the North American continent and Greenland
and the Asian continent, we can see the ice-fields 8-foot thick ice we
do not see any ice fields in a large circular area directly at the
geographic pole. Instead we see THE HOLE. In 1981 I came into
possession of another group of NASA photos showing earth from deep
in space which, not only substantiates the ESSA-7 photos, but adds
weight to another feature of the hollow earth theory.

At this point any practical person will start to ask themselves, if this is
all true why isn't it common and accepted knowledge. As Ray Palmer
said in one of his articles

A government that will not tell you what they know about UFOs
would certainly keep the origin of them a secret.

Then there are those researchers who say some of us spend entirely
too much time looking at the poles.

Certain researchers swear the earth is shaped like a giant doughnut

and that holes at the poles provide an entrance into the inner lands.
"Not so" shouts another group. "Entrance to the interior world can be
gained only by entering a cave and discovering the subterranean
tunnels".

Most of the people who claim to have visited the inner lands arrive
there through old mine shafts, caves and subterranean tunnels.
Others claim to have traveled through extent volcanoes. There is
good solid evidence supporting all these theories. Evidence also
supports the possibility of other hidden entrances to the inner realms
in The Bermuda Triangle and other strange areas around the world.

One of these areas of interest in the Pacific Northwestern area of the

United States. It was in this area that the name "flying saucers" was
first heard.

On June 24, 1947, Kenneth Arnold, a businessman and commercial

pilot from Boise, Idaho, was flying his small private airplane past
Mount Rainier, in Mount Rainier National Park, State of Washington,
when he sighted a strange formation of nine brightly gleaming heel
shaped craft skipping across the atmosphere like saucers across a
lake. He related this unusual experience to newsmen and news of the
mysterious objects dubbed "flying saucers" was spread nationwide.

UFOs are quite common in the area. In fact the thousands of miles of
untrodden land that makes up the extreme Northwestern part of
America hides many unexplained mysteries. This is the land of
Bigfoot & Sasquatch (as the local Native Americans call him).