Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
First publish: March 2014
By Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Thailand
ISBN: 978-616-316-144-4
This publications is financially supported by ONEP an may be reproduce in whole or in part
and in many form for educational or non-profit purpose without special permission from
ONEP, providing that acknowledgment of the source is made.
No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes.
Citation: Chayamarit K. Pooma R. Pattharahirantricin N. 2014
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand Volume I.
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. Bangkok, Thailand
238 P.
Photo: Rachun Pooma
Preecha Karagate
Sukontip Sirimongkol
Nannapat Pattharahirantricin
Stuart Lindsay
David Middleton
Available from: Biological Diversity Division
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
60/1 Soi Pibulwattana VII, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400 THAILAND
Telephone: (66) 2265 6638
Facsimile: (66) 2265 6638
Website: http://chm-thai.onep.go.th
E-mail: chm_thai@onep.go.th
Desinged@Printed: The Interest
1032/203-208 Soi Ruamsirimit, Lad Yao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
Telephone: (+662) 272-1169-72
Facsimile: (+662) 272-1173
Email: dokbia1@hotmail.com, dokbia999@gmail.com
Copyright 2014 by: Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning
Stuart Lindsay
David Middleton
. 2557. 1.
. . 238
ISBN: 978-616-316-144-4
.. 2557 ... 2537
NORTHERN 21. Buengkan 40. Phetchaburi 58. Prachin Buri
1. Mae Hong Son 22. Sakon Nakhon 41. Prachuap Khiri Khan 59. Chachoengsao
2. Chiang Mai 23. Nakhon Phanom 60. Chon Buri
V. C (central)
3. Chiang Rai 24. Mukdahan 61. Rayong
42. Chai Nat
4. Phayao 25. Kalasin 62. Chanthaburi
43. Sing Buri
5. Nan 26. Maha Sarakham 63. Trat
44. Lop Buri
6. Lamphun 27. Khon Kaen 45. Suphan Buri VII. PEN (peninsular)
7. Lampang
III. E (eastern) 46. Ang Thong 64. Chumphon
8. Phrae
28. Chaiyaphum 47. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 65. Ranong
9. Uttaradit
29. Nakhon Ratchasima 48. Saraburi 66. Surat Thani
10. Tak
30. Buri Ram 49. Nakhon Pathom 67. Phangnga
11. Sukhothai
31. Surin 50. Pathum Thani 68. Phuket
12. Phitsanulok
32. Roi Et 51. Nakhon Nayok 69. Krabi
13. Kamphaeng Phet
33. Yasothon 52. Nonthaburi 70. Nakhon Si Thammarat
14. Phichit
34. Amnat Charoen 53. Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 71. Phatthalung
15. Nakhon Sawan
35. Si Sa Ket (Bangkok) 72. Trang
II. NE (north-eastern) 36. Ubon Ratchathani 54. Samut Prakan 73. Satun
16. Phetchabun 55. Samut Songkhram 74. Songkhla
IV. SW (south-western)
17. Loei 56. Samut Sakhon 75. Pattani
37. Uthai Thani
18. Nong Bua Lam Phu 76. Yala
38. Kanchanaburi VI. SE (south-eastern)
19. Udon Thani 77. Narathiwat
39. Ratchaburi 57. Sa Kaeo
20. Nong Khai
Contents
PTERIDOPHYTES 24 Araceae
Arecaceae (Palmae)
68
79
Aspleniaceae 24
Asparagaceae 88
Athyriaceae 26
Burmanniaceae 90
Blechnaceae 28
Cannaceae 91
Cibotiaceae 29
Carlemanniaceae 91
Cyatheaceae 29
Centrolepidaceae 91
Davalliaceae 29
Colchicaceae 91
Dennstaedtiaceae 31
Commelinaceae 91
Dipteridaceae 32
Costaceae 94
Dryopteridaceae 32
Cymodoceaceae 94
Equisetaceae 36
Cyperaceae 94
Gleicheniaceae 36
Dioscoreaceae 109
Hymenophyllaceae 37
Dracaenaceae 111
Lindsaeaceae 39
Eriocaulaceae 112
Lomariopsidaceae 40
Flagellariaceae 114
Lycopodiaceae 41
Hanguanaceae 114
Lygodiaceae 42
Heliconiaceae 114
Marattiaceae 42
Hemerocallidaceae 114
Marsileaceae 42
Hydrocharitaceae 114
Matoniaceae 42
Hypoxidaceae 115
Oleandraceae 43
Hyacinthaceae 116
Ophioglossaceae 43
Iridaceae 116
Osmundaceae 43
Juncaceae 116
Plagiogyriaceae 43
Lemnaceae 116
Polypodiaceae 44
Liliaceae 116
Psilotaceae 52
Lomandraceae 116
Pteridaceae subfam. Cheilanthoideae 52
Lowiaceae 116
Pteridaceae subfam. Cryptogrammoideae 53
Marantaceae 117
Pteridaceae subfam. Parkerioideae 53
Musaceae 117
Pteridaceae subfam. Pteridoideae 53
Nartheciaceae 118
Pteridaceae subfam. Vittarioideae 55
Orchidaceae 118
Rhachidosoraceae 57
Pandanaceae 181
Salviniaceae 57
Philydaceae 182
Schizaeaceae 58
Poaceae (Gramineae) 182
Selaginellaceae 58
Poaceae (Gramineae) subfam. Bambusoideae 206
Tectariaceae 60
Pontederiaceae 210
Thelypteridaceae 62
Potamogetonaceae 210
Restionaceae 210
Ruppiaceae 210
GYMNOSPERMS 66 Smilacaceae 210
Cephalotaxaceae 66 Stemonaceae 212
Cupressaceae 66 Strelitziaceae 213
Cycadaceae 66 Taccaceae 213
Gnetaceae 66 Trilliaceae 213
Pinaceae 67 Triuridaceae 213
Podocarpaceae 67 Typhaceae 213
Taxodiaceae 67 Xyridaceae 214
Zingiberaceae 214
Bibliography 231
MONOCOTYLEDONS 68
Acoraceae 68
Alismataceae 68
Amaryllidaceae 68
Aponogetonaceae 68
1
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume 1
Forward
(GlobalStrategyfor
PlantConservation)
T he Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation (GSPC), under the
Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD) has the vision to halt the
continuing loss of plant diversity, to
conserve and use sustainably the
immense wealth of plant diversity for
our livelihood and well-being. Since
plants are recognized as a vital
components of the worlds biological
diversity that support basic needs of
human livelihood, including food,
medicines, clothing, and energy
sources. Furthermore, many wild
plants have great economic and
cultural importance and potential.
Plants play a key role in maintaining
(Convention on Biological the planets basic environmental
balance and ecosystem stability and
Diversity) provide an irreplaceable component
of the habitats for the worlds animal
life.
89
10
6 1
In order to ensure the further
work of plant conservation in Thailand,
and to achieve the goals set out in
the GSPC and CBDs objectives and
provisions, including Article 8 and 9
of the Convention (In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation) and Article 10
188 (Sustainable Use of Components of
Biological Diversity), Thailand, as the
29 2547 188th contracting party to the CBD on
29 January, 2004, has obligations to
implement the Convention, and the
Ofce of Natural Resources and
Environmental Policy and Planning
(ONEP), as Thailands national focal
(AChecklistofPlantsinThailand) point of the CBD, had compiled and
published a Checklist of Plants in
Thailand, to enhance knowledge of
plant diversity in Thailand, to raise
awareness, promote and encourage
studies and researches on plant
diversity, and further to fair and
equitable sharing of benets derived
from plant diversity at all levels. This
checklist is a resource for those
working in plant conservation and
management, in particular to support
conservation practitioners and policy
makers. Since the international
community has recognized the
importance of plant diversity, a
number of CBD member states have
compiled and published a working list
of known plant species as fundamental
(A Checklist of Plants in Thailand) requirement for plant conservation
and provides a baseline for the
achievement and monitoring of the
implementation in their country.
The ONEP hopes that this
checklist will be a useful reference for
botanists, researchers, lecturers,
teachers and students, and all
interested parties regarding plant
diversity in Thailand, and could
provide a substantial basic platform
for furthering research and study on
ora in the nature.
8 1
with relevant experts and plant
taxonomists to check and verify data
in this checklist.
Thailand.
10 1
Davallia heterophylla Sm. Didymoglossum motleyi (Bosch) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
12 1
Osmunda angustifolia Ching Selliguea pui Hovenkamp
14 1
Ariopsis protanthera N.E. Br. Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites
16 1
Phoenix loureiroi Kunth Kerriodoxa elegans J. Dransf.
18 1
Lilium primulinum Baker var. burmanicum (W.W. Smith) Stearn Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl.
20 1
Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f.) Stein Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Cyperus involucratus Rottb. Khaosokia caricoides D.A. Simpson, Chayam. & J.Parn.
22 1
Cucurma alismatifolia Gagnep. Etlingera corneri J. Mood & H. Ibrahim
Hedychium longicornutum Griff. Ex Bak. Smithatris supraneanae W.J. Kress & K. Larsen
24 1
Habitat. On rather dry ground along path in light shade, Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don subsp. phyllitidis
ca 200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. Region. N: Lampang, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial fern. Distribution. Himalaya, Laos.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri; P: Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy rocks, at medium
Troughout the region. altitudes.
Distribution. Old World tropics, E Africa to Polynesia, to Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don subsp. malesicum Holttum
Vietnam and Taiwan. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks, mossy tree-trunks, calcareous rocky Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon
slopes, evergreen forest, below 700 m alt. Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani,
Uses. Potential as ornamental. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Asplenium nidus L. var. nidus Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Sumatra, New Guinea.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, muddy rocks in montane
Distribution. Old World tropics. forest or by streams, to medium altitudes.
Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks, to 2,000 m alt. Asplenium polyodon G. Forst.
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Asplenium nidus L. var. musifolium (Mett.) C. Chr. Region. E: Buri Ram; P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Phangnga.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Distribution. Old World tropics.
Thammarat. Habitat. On mossy trunks in mountain forests.
Distribution. W Malesia. Asplenium rockii C. Chr.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Asplenium nitidum Sw. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. On lower tree-trunks in montane forest, medium to
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, E Himalaya, W Malesia high altitudes.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Asplenium salignum Blume
Asplenium normale D. Don Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE; Thammarat, Satun, Yala.
Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; C; Nakhon Nayok; Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Malesia.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. On tree-trunks or moist mossy rocks in humid
Songkhla. places usually along streams, evergreen forest,
Distribution. Old World tropics, north to Himalaya and 100-800 m alt.
Japan. Asplenium scortechinii Bedd.
Habitat. On Sphagnum-bog, wet rocks, in crevices of cliffs, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
or tree-trunks, above 1,000 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Asplenium paradoxum Blume Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Yala.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Distribution. Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Loei; P: Pattani. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks, 900-1,600
Distribution. W Malesia. m alt.
Habitat. On moist muddy rocks in montane and evergreen Asplenium siamense Tagawa & K. Iwats.
forests, to 1,500 m alt. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Asplenium pellucidum Lam. Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; E: Nakhon Habitat. Sandstone rock, ca 1,300 m alt.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Asplenium simonsianum Hook.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Satun, Yala. Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. Old World tropics, from E Africa to New Distribution. India (Assam).
Guinea, north to Sikkim. Habitat. In moist forests by streams, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist muddy rocks
usually near streams, 100-900 m alt.
Asplenium tenerum G. Forst.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Asplenium perakense C.G. Matthew & Christ Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi, SE: Chanthaburi;
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala,
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Narathiwat.
Thammarat. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India to Polynesia, north to
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Vietnam and Taiwan.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist rocks in lower Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks in dense forests,
montane forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt. 500-1,100 m alt.
26 1
Distribution. N India, Nepal to SW Japan, south to Vietnam Region. NE: Loei.
and Java. Distribution. S China, Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, Philippines.
Habitat. On mountain slopes, ca 1,000 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Deparia petersenii (Kunze) M. Kato Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tardieu
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C:
Distribution. Himalayas to E Australia and New Zealand. Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. On muddy rocks near streams, 600-800 m alt. Distribution. N India to S China and Taiwan, north to S
Deparia subuvialis (Hayata) M. Kato Japan, south to Indochina.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade or in dense
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Tak. evergreen forest, at low elevations lower than 800 m alt.
Distribution. China, Philippines. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.
Habitat. Wet sandy stream-beds in deep shade, ca Habit. Terrestrial fern.
1,000-1,400 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Diplazium accedens Blume Lampang, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi, Nakhon
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Nayok, Bangkok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Region. P: Ranong, Yala. Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Malesia. Distribution. Tropics of Asia, north to C China and S Japan,
Habitat. On moist ground by streams in evergreen jungle, at east to Pacic Islands.
low altitude. Habitat. On moist, level ground in paddy elds or along
rivers in open places, below 800 m alt.
Diplazium bantamense Blume
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium heterophlebium (Mett. ex Baker) Diels
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. W Malesia. Distribution. E Himalaya to Yunnan, south to N Vietnam
Habitat. On mountain slopes near streams in dense and Peninsular Malaysia, north to Isl. Yakushima.
evergreen forest, at medium altitudes. Habitat. Along streams in moist hill evergreen forest, ca
1,750 m alt.
Diplazium conterminum Christ
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium leptophyllum Christ
Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Vietnam, S China, Ryukyu, and SW Japan. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 900-1,500 m Distribution. Yunnan, Myanmar.
alt. Habitat. On moist ground or mountain slopes in dense
mixed or evergreen forests, 850-1,600 m alt.
Diplazium cordifolium Blume
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium malaccense C. Presl
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Narathiwat. Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang, Yala.
Distribution. Malesia throughout eastwards to the Solomon Distribution. Indochina to Malesia.
Islands. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
Habitat. On moist sandy mountain slopes in dense gloomy medium altitudes.
forests locally fairly abundant, at low or medium Diplazium megaphyllum (Baker) Christ
altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Diplazium crenato-serratum (Blume) T. Moore Region. N: Tak.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Myanmar, SW China, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. Along streamlets in moist evergreen forest, ca 800
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala. m alt.
Distribution. Malesia. Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Chr.
Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, below 1,000 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Diplazium dilatatum Blume Distribution. N Vietnam, China, Taiwan to Japan.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich slopes in dense forests, ca 1,100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Diplazium muricatum (Mett.) Alderw.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; Habit. Terrestrial fern.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Trang. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Java.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Ryukyu, S Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense forests, at high
Japan, Indochina, Malesia to N Australia. altitudes.
Habitat. On moist or humus-rich mountain slopes in dense Diplazium petelotii Tardieu
gloomy forests, rather common at 400-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Diplazium doederleinii (Luerss.) Makino Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. N Vietnam.
28 1
Blechnum orientale L. Cyathea chinensis Copel.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. All over the country. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok,
Distribution. Tropics of Asia, Australia and the Pacic, Phetchabun.
India.to Polynesia, north to Yakushima. Distribution. E Himalayas, Yunnan, Indochina.
Habitat. On rather dry open slopes or in light shade, at low Habitat. On moist slopes at edge of lower montane forest,
or medium altitudes. ca 1,200 m alt.
Uses. Water extract possessed antifungal properties. Cyathea contaminans (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.
Brainea insignis (Hook.) J. Sm. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; P: Phangnga,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Phrae, Tak; NW: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat. Distribution. N India, Malesia.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Myanmar, Indochina, Habitat. On mountain slopes or stream banks in dense
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. eyergreen forest or open areas, at low altitudes.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in not so dense forests or in Uses. Edible, ornamental. Used for building and hedging.
recent clearings, 1,000-1,200 m alt. Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Climbing fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SE:
Region. NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Surat
Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Trang, Satun. Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Distribution. N and S India, S China, Indochina, Malesia Yala.
and Polynesia to Australia. Distribution. E Himalaya, S India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S
Habitat. On tree-trunks, or rarely terrestrial or rocks in China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, W Java.
rather dry places in shade, at low altitudes below 400 m alt. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Uses. Various medicinal uses. lower montane forest, ca.1,300 m alt.
30 1
Davallodes viscidula (Kuhn) Alderw. N Vietnam, Taiwan and Ryukyus, southwards to Borneo,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Sumatra and Java.
Region. P: Trang. Habitat. On rather dry ground in shade or sandy ground
Distribution. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New along streams in evergreen forest, 700-1,200 m alt.
Guinea. Microlepia kurzii (C.B. Clarke) Bedd.
Habitat. On rather dry rocks in dense forest on ridges, 800 Habit. Terrestrial fern.
m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Distribution. Upper Myanmar and Yunnan.
Dennstaedtiaceae Habitat. On rather dry slopes in lower montane forest, at
Dennstaedtia scabra (Wall. ex Hook.) T. Moore middle altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Microlepia platyphylla (D. Don) J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. India to Myanmar and China, Indochina,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.
Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo and Sulawesi, north to
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya to SW China, Taiwan,
Japan.
Indochina and Philippines.
Habitat. At summit of Doi Inthanon in Sphagnum-bog.
Habitat. Usually on wet ground along small streams in light
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. shade in evergreen forest, rather rare, 900-1,600 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Microlepia puberula Alderw.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi;
Distribution. Pantropical.
P: Yala.
Habitat. On rather dry exposed slopes usually at edges of
Distribution. W Malesia.
lower montane forest, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in evergreen forest, or
Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett. ex Kuhn sometimes in open areas, at low altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW:
Microlepia ridleyi Copel.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Phetchaburi.
Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Old World tropics, northwards to Japan and
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Korea and southwards to New Zealand.
Habitat. Terrestrial in humus rich ground near streams in
Habitat. On marshy ground or wet sandy slopes in open
lowland evergreen forest.
areas or in light shade in lower montane forest,
1,000-1,400 m alt. Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore
Uses. Medicinal uses and as ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. All over the country.
Microlepia calvescens (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl
Distribution. Pantropical.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. Usually on rather dry slopes in open areas or in
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang,
light shade, up to 1,200 m alt.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Uses. As a green vegetable and as medicinal plant.
P: Phangnga.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Upper Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl
Vietnam, Java. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On dry but usually humus-rich slopes in evergreen Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
forest, 750-1,200 m alt. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon,
Yala.
Microlepia rma Mett. ex Kuhn
Distribution. Himalayas to Sri Lanka and Polynesia,
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
northwards to Japan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense evergreen
Distribution. E Himalaya to SW China and Upper
forest, at middle or higher altitudes.
Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Habitat. On clayey soil in dense lower montane forest, Microlepia taiwaniana Tagawa
above 1,800 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Microlepia herbacea Ching & C. Chr. ex Tardieu & C. Chr.
Distribution. Taiwan.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On moist ground or along streams in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei;
evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt.
C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, maybe S China. Microlepia trapeziformis (Roxb.) Kuhn
Habitat. On rather dry slopes with humus in evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, at high altitudes. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW:
Kanchanaburi.
Microlepia hookeriana (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl
Distribution. Sri Lanka, E Himalaya to SW China,
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Indochina, southwards to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
and Java.
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense lower montane forest,
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
1,300-2,200 m alt.
Distribution. E Himalaya and Upper Myanmar to S China,
32 1
rocks in dense evergreen forest usually up to 600 m alt. SW: Phetchaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi;
Bolbitis costata (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr. P: Surat Thani.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Yunnan, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Habitat. On mountain slopes often near streams in dense
Distribution. Himalayas. mountain forests, 800-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mountain forests, 600-1,000 Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) var. compacta
m alt. Hennipman
Bolbitis deltigera (Bedd.) C. Chr. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Trang.
Region. N: Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, S Vietnam.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao. Habitat. Moist ground by streams in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. N India. under 300 m alt.
Habitat. On moist rocks or humus-rich ground in dense Ctenitis dumrongii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
forests, seasonally dry, 600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Bolbitis heteroclita (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Habitat. On moist banks of streamlets in dense evergreen
Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao, forest, at medium altitudes.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ctenitis subobscura (Christ) Holttum
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar, S and SW China, Thammarat, Yala.
Taiwan, Ryukyu, Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea. Distribution. NE India and Malesia.
Habitat. On wet ground or muddy moist rocks usually near Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
streams in dense forests, at low or medium altitudes. medium altitudes.
Bolbitis hookeriana K. Iwats. Ctenitis vilis (Kunze) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Region. P: Ranong, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Malesia.
Distribution. N India, Indochina. Habitat. By large streams, at sea level.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
medium altitude.
Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Bolbitis scalpturata (Fe) Ching Region. E: Chaiyaphum.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Japan, S Korea, SE China, Indochina.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. On sandstone in shady river border in forest, 600 m
Distribution. Myanmar, Indo-China, Malesia. alt.
Habitat. On rocks in dense forests, 200-800 m alt.
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm.
Bolbitis sinensis (Baker) K. Iwats. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SE: Chanthaburi;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Yala.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Vietnam. Distribution. Pantropical.
Habitat. Usually on humus-rich slopes in dense mountain Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
forests, sometimes on muddy rocks or even on base of forest, at medium or high altitudes.
tree-trunks, fairly common at high altitude, 500-1,800 m alt.
Dryopteris cochleata (D. Don) C. Chr.
Bolbitis sinuata (C. Presl) Hennipman Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, eastwards to Distribution. Himalayas, Myanmar, S China, Philippines, E
the Philippines. Java.
Habitat. On wet mossy rocks by streams in dense evergreen Habitat. Fairly common, especially in mixed forests, on
forest, at low altitude. clayey or rather dry slopes, at low to medium altitudes,
Bolbitis tonkinensis (C. Chr. ex Ching) K. Iwats. Dryopteris diffracta (Baker) C. Chr.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Distribution. N Vietnam, Cambodia. Distribution. China, Indochina, Taiwan.
Habitat. Collected, 550-950 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, in deep leaf litter on
Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Schott var. virens sandstone bedrock, 1,500-1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris gymnophylla (Baker) C. Chr.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae, Tak; NE: Loei; Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen.
34 1
Elaphoglossum stelligerum (Wall. ex Baker) T. Moore ex Polystichum attenuatum Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Alston & Bonner Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Chanthaburi.
Distribution. N India, SW China, Laos, C Vietnam. Distribution. N India, S China.
Habitat. On muddy rocks or mossy tree-trunks in dense Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
evergreen forest, above 1,000 m alt. forest, 1,200-1,800 m alt.
Elaphoglossum subellipticum Rosenst. Polystichum biaristatum (Blume) T. Moore
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Distribution. Taiwan, Sumatra. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. On mossy rocks or tree-trunks in dense evergreen Ranong.
forest, at l,000-l,400 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Taiwan, Java.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest,
Elaphoglossum yoshinagae (Yatabe) Makino 900-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Polystichum eximium (Kuhn) C. Chr.
Buri. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Taiwan, Ryukyus and Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
northwards to W. Japan. Distribution. Tropical Asia from Sri Lanka northwards to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in moist dense forests on southern edge of Japan.
ridges at high altitudes. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
700-1,200 m alt.
Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Polystichum hookerianum (C. Presl) C. Chr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; SW: Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Mauritius, Arabia, Distribution. Nepal, NE India, China, Myanmar, N
N India, N Vietnam, S & C China, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan.
Peninsular Malaysia, Pacic Islands, Japan. Habitat. Locally rare on rocks and humus-rich soil by a
Habitat. In crevices of rather moist limestone cliffs in mixed small stream in dense lower montane forest, 1,900-2,000
forests, at medium to high altitudes. m altitude.
Hypodematium glanduloso-pilosum (Tagawa) Ohwi Polystichum lindsaeifolium Scort. ex Ridl.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Japan, China. Distribution. Central W Malaysia.
Habitat. On rocks in shade in deciduous or mixed forests, ca Habitat. In muddy crevices or moist surface of limestone
400 m alt. cliffs in dense evergreen forest, 200-1,800 m alt.
Leucostegia immersa (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl Polystichum pseudotsus-simense Ching
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Distribution. Myanmar, India.
Thani. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. S India, E Himalayas, SW China, Myanmar, Polystichum scariosum (Roxb.) C.V. Morton
Indochina, W Malesia to the Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On mountain-slopes or in muddy crevices of rocks, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga,
or rarely on mossy tree-trunks, usually in dense Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
evergreen forest, 1,100-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Ambon.
Lomagramma sorbifolia (Willd.) Ching Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest, at
Habit. Climbing fern. medium altitudes.
Region. N: Phrae. Polystichum semifertile (C.B. Clarke) Ching
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. Climbing, 620-880 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Peranema aspidioides (Blume) Mett. Distribution. SW China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense, mossy evergreen
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: forest, 1,800-2,500 m alt.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Polystichum tenggerense Rosenst.
Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Indochina , Distribution. Sumatra and Java.
Malesia. Habitat. Known only on Doi Inthanon, on humus-rich
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense forests, at medium or mountain slopes in dense mossy forest, ca 2,200 m alt.
high altitudes.
Teratophyllum aculeatum (Blume) Mett. ex Kuhn
36 1
Sticherus truncatus (Willd.) Nakai Micronesia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On moist rocks near streams in dense evergreen
Region. SE: Trat. forest.
Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia, Malesia. Crepidomanes christii (Copel.) Copel.
Habitat. Climbing ferns growing on stream banks, ca Habit. Epiphytic fern.
50-600 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Yala.
Distribution. Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia to the
Hymenophyllaceae Philippines.
Abrodictyum idoneum (C.V. Morton) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Habitat. On branches ot trees in evergreen forest, at low
Habit. Terrestrial fern. altitudes.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Crepidomanes humile (G. Forst.) Bosch
Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On moist clayey slope in dense forest, at high
Region. P: Ranong, Phuket, Phattalung, Trang.
altitudes.
Distribution. Sumatra to Tahiti, north to Taiwan.
Abrodictyum obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats. var. Habitat. On muddy rocks near the river in dense evergreen
obscurum forest, at low altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Crepidomanes kurzii (Bedd.) Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, Nakhon Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Distribution. Myanmar and Taiwan.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground near streams in dense Habitat. On damp rocks near the river in dense forest, at
evergreen forest, at high altitudes. low altitudes.
Abrodictyum obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats. var. Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel.
siamense (Christ) K. Iwats. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Region. SE: Trat. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE;
Distribution. China, Cambodia, the Ryukyus. Chanthaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap
Habitat. On wet sandy ground or in muddy crevices of wet Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
rocks near stream in deep shade. Distribution. N India, S China and in SE Asia.
Abrodictyum pluma (Hook.) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or mossy or muddy rocks in
Habit. Terrestrial fern. moist dense forest, common at various altitudes.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Crepidomanes latemarginale (D.C. Eaton) Copel.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense forest, at medium Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Trang.
altitudes. Distribution. NE India to S China, Taiwan, south to
Callistopteris apiifoliia (C. Presl) Copel. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On muddy or mossy rocks in mixed or in evergreen
Region. P: Krabi. forest, at medium altitudes.
Distribution. S Japan (Yakushima), Ryukyu, Nicobar, Crepidomanes megistostomum (Copel.) Copel.
Taiwan, Malesia to Fiji. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks in evergreen forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Phangnga.
Cephalomanes javanicum (Blume) C. Presl Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On wet rocks in evergreen forest, ca 500 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K. Iwats.
Phangnga, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Yala. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. SE Asia Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Habitat. On sandy slopes or wet muddy rocks by streams in Ratchathani; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
dense evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes. Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel. Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Distribution. Old World tropics, east to Polynesia and north
Kanchanaburi; Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: to Japan.
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or rather dry muddy rocks,
the region. fairly common in mixed or evergreen forest, at various
Distribution. Old World tropics. altitudes.
Habitat. On moist rocks along streams in dense evergreen Crepidomanes parvifolium (Baker) K. Iwats.
forest. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Crepidomanes brevipes (C. Presl) Copel. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. P: Krabi, Trang. Habitat. On damp rocks in moist places in dense forest, at
Distribution. Borneo, Philippines, New Guinea and medium or high altitudes.
38 1
Distribution. Southern edge of Japan to the Ryukyus. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and
Habitat. On moist rocks in primary forest near river, at Palawan.
medium or higher altitudes. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at 500-700 m alt.
Hymenophyllum serrulatum (C. Presl) C. Chr. Lindsaea doryphora K.U. Kramer
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. P: Ranong, Yala. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si, Thammarat,
Distribution. Malesia. Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist rocks in deep shade Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Peninsular Malaysia,
in evergreen forest, rather rare. Borneo, W Java and the Philippines.
Vandenboschia auriculata (Blume) Copel. Habitat. Terrestrial or on rocks in evergreen at low to
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. medium altitudes.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi ; SE: Chanthaburi, Lindsaea eberhardtii (Christ) K.U. Kramer
Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Pattani, Trang, Yala. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. N India to Japan, southwards to Malesia Distribution. Vietnam, Hainan.
throughout (type from Java) to New Guinea. Habitat. Primary evergreen forest on ridge, 900 m alt.
Habitat. Climbing on tree trunks or cliffs usually in dense Lindsaea ensifolia Sw.
mountain forest, rather common at various altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Vandenboschia birmanica (Bedd.) Ching Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai;
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Lampang, Phrae; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi,
Chanthaburi. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, N. Indochina and Japan. Distribution. Old World tropics from W. Africa to Australia
Habitat. On wet sandy ground or moist muddy rocks and Polynesia, north to the Ryukyus.
usually in evergreen forest near streams, rather rare, at Habitat.On rather dry slopes or sandy ground, or rarely on
medium to high altitudes. rocks, usually in open areas or in light shade, common
Vandenboschia maxima (Blume) Copel. and locally abundant below 1,400 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Lindsaea heterophylla Dryand.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. In the tropics of E. Asia and Polynesia. Distribution. Madagascar, S India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S
Habitat. On moist muddy rocks or wet sandy ground near China, W. and N. Central Malesia throughout, north to
streams in dense gloomy forest, rather common at the Ryukyus.
various altitudes. Habitat. On rather dry slopes in evergreen forest, not in
open areas, to 1,200 m alt.
Lindsaeaceae
Lindsaea integra Holttum
Lindsaea bouillodii Christ Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. P: Satun, Yala.
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Habitat. On rocks by streams, at low altitude.
Distribution. Indochina, Hainan, and Malesia.
Habitat. Terrestrial or on rocks in evergreen forest, Lindsaea javanensis Blume
500-1,100 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Nakhon Si
Lindsaea chienii Ching Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Indochina and W
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Malesia, north to the Ryukyus and southern edge of
Thammarat. Japan.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Taiwan, northwards to S Habitat.On mountain slopes, at medium altitudes.
Japan.
Habitat. On rather dry or clayey slopes in evergreen forest, Lindsaea lucida Blume
1,000-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. E: Buri Ram; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi,
Lindsaea cultrata (Willd.) Sw. Trat; P: Ranong, Phuket, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, S China,
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra to the Moluccas.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. On rather dry or sandy ground near streams in
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. shade, at low or medium altitudes.
Habitat.In evergreen forest, at low altitude.
Lindsaea malayensis Holttum
Lindsaea divergens Hook. & Grev. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Trang, Songkhla. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
40 1
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Huperzia piscium (Herter) Holub.
Distribution. Pantropical, north to Japan and south to New Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Zealand. Region.P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Tang.
Habitat. On mountain slopes, muddy or dry rocks, or Distribution. Malesia.
tree-trunks in light shade, 500-1,300 m alt. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest
Uses. Edible. below 800 m. alt.
Nephrolepis davallioides (Sw.) Kunze Huperzia reexa (Lam.) Trevis.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia to New Guinea. C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Habitat. On rather dry rocks or fallen tree-trunks in dense Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
evergreen forest or in clearings,1,000-1,500 m alt. Thammarat.
Nephrolepis falciformis J. Sm. Distribution. Madagascar, Seychelles, Mascarene Islands,
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. tropics of Asia and Oceania, north to E. Himalaya.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Habitat. On tree-trunks or muddy rocks in dense evergreen
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Bangkok; SE: forest usually near streams at lower or middle altitudes.
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Rothm.
Satun, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. Indochina to Malesia. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SE: Prachin
Habitat. On dry rocks in dense forests, at low to medium Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat
altitudes. Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Nephrolepis hirsutula (G. Forst.) C. Presl Phatthalung, Satun, Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Old World tropics, north to S. Japan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; SW: Prachuap Habitat. On mossy-tree trunks or rocks in shade and in
Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, dense mossy forest medium or higher altitudes.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Satun, Yala. Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Rothm.
Distribution. Tropical Asia to the Pacic. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade. Region. N: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Nephrolepis radicans (Burm.f.) Kuhn Distribution. E. Asia to Australia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich ground usually in dense evergreen
Region. P: Yala. forest above 1000 m. alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina and W Malesia east to Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm.
the Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. In thickets, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok,
Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel.) J. Sm. Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Satun, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phrae, Mae Hong Son, Lamphun, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat, Yala.
Tak; NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Tropics and subtropics throughout the world.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia and New Habitat. On mountain slopes, dry ground to marshy places,
Caledonia. usually in open places at various latitudes, from sea level
Habitat. In muddy limestone crevices, 500-1,300 m alt. to 1200 m alt.
Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring
Lycopodiaceae Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Trevis. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. SE Asia.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Surat Thani, Phangnga. Nakhon Si Thammarat. Lycopodium clavatum L.
Distribution. Malesia and Polynesia, north to S China, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Indochina, Taiwan and S. Ryukyus. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si
Habitat. Epiphytic on mossy tree-trunk in dense evergreen Thammarat.
forest up to 900 m alt. Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Huperzia hamiltonii (Spreng.) Trevis. Habitat. On wet ground in open areas usually near summit
Habit. Epiphytic fern. of higher mountains.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; NE: Lycopodium nummularifolium Blume
Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Yala.
Distribution. Himalaya to S China and S Japan, Taiwan, Distribution. Malesia to Polynesia.
Indochina. Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest at lower to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, on mossy rock, or moist middle altitiudes.
muddy rocks usually in dense evergreen forest above 700
m alt.
42 1
Oleandraceae Ophioglossum gramineum Willd.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Oleandra musifolia (Blume) C. Presl Region. C: Saraburi.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Probably pantropical.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae, Phetchabun, Tak,
Habitat. Open, wet, bare rock surface in deciduous forest.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW:
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga. Ophioglossum pendulum L.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina to Malesia. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On tree-trunks, in crevices of rocks, or Sphagnum- Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
bog in sunny places in light shade, 1,100-1,500 m alt. Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Yala.
Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr. Distribution. Palaeotropic.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in mixed or evergreen forest, at
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Krabi, Trang,
medium altitudes.
Songkhla, Yala.
Uses. Edible, medicinal.
Distribution. Malesia.
Habitat. On tree-trunks or forming bushes in forests, Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook.
700-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Uses. Medicinal. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; SW:
Oleandra undulata (Willd.) Ching Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Pantropical.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae; NE:
Habitat. In open grassy ground or mountain slopes in light
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; SE:
shade, at low to medium altitudes.
Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong,
Uses. Edible, medicinal.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar S China to Peninsular Malaysia. Osmundaceae
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mixed forests, in crevices
of rocks in open areas or in light shade, or limestone hills Osmunda angustifolia Ching
in evergreen forest, or tree-trunks. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Trat.
Oleandra wallichii (Hook.) C. Presl Distribution. Hainan, Hongkong, China, Taiwan.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On sandy banks or wet rocks usually along streams
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. in dense forest or in half shaded areas, at medium
Distribution. Himalayas, Upper Myanmar, SW China, altitude.
Taiwan Vietnam.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rather dry moun- Osmunda javanica Blume
tain-slopes in evergreen forest, 1,300-2,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Ophioglossaceae Surin; SE: Trat; P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala,
Narathiwat.
Botrychium lanuginosum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Distribution. S and SW China, Myanmar, Vietnam
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Wet ground or sandy stream-beds in open areas or
Distribution. N India to China and Taiwan, south to Sri
in light shade, at medium altitudes.
Lanka, Vietnam, Philippines, Java and Sumatra.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in thickets or in Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl
muddy crevices of cliffs in light shade, locally abundant, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
at medium altitudes. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Eastern, North America, East Asia south to
Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. Vietnam and Upper Myanmar.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground by streams in open grassy
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei;
areas, ca 1,200 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Plagiogyriaceae
Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Palaeotropics, from Sri Lanka and NE India to Plagiogyria adnata (Blume) Bedd.
New Caledonia and Queensland. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On humus-rich slopes in light shade, at low or Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
medium altitudes. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Uses. Used ad food, medicinal, and source of ber. Sumatra, Java to the Philippines extending north to
southern edge of Japan Taiwan the Ryukyus.
Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Habitat. On sandy slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Pantropical. Plagiogyria pycnophylla (Kunze) Mett.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, ca 400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar and SW China
44 1
Habitat. Epiphytic in evergreen forest along streams. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Ctenopterella blechnoides (Grev.) Parris Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,Trang, Satun. Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Yala.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, S China, Cambodia, Distribution. Indochina, Myanmar, Malesia, Polynesia and
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sunda tropical Australia.
Islands, Sulawesi, Mollucas, New Guinea, NE Australia Habitat. On tree- tunks or in muddy crevices of cliffs in
and the Pacic Islands. some open places or in deciduous or mixed forests, rather
Habitat. On moist tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on common throughout the country, at medium altitudes.
ridges. Uses. Ornamental, edible, medicinal.
46 1
Habitat. On mossy branches of trees or mossy rocks in Habitat. On muddy rocks along streams in dense forests,
dense evergreen forest on ridges, 1,500-2,000 m alt. 400-650 m alt.
Lepisorus subconuens Ching Leptochilus minor Fe
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. Bhutan SW China. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Sumatra, Borneo,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, at Philippines, Sulawesi.
high altitudes. Habitat. Often on rocks in streams.
Lepisorus sublinearis (Baker ex Takeda) Ching Leptochilus pedunculatus (Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China Indochina. Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy cliffs in dense Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
forest, at high altitudes in the North, rather rare. Distribution. N India, SW China, Myanmar, Vietnam,
Lepisorus suboligolepidus Ching Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On moist rocks in stream-beds or in deep shade or
Region. NE: Loei. climbing on basal tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. SW China and Taiwan. at low to medium altitudes.
Habitat. In mossy crevices of mossy rocks by streams, ca Loxogramme avenia (Blume) C. Presl
1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Leptochilus axillaris (Cav.) Kaulf. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Trang,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak; SW: Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Malesia, Myanmar and Indochina.
Distribution. S India, N India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy rocks in dense
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, evergreen forest usually near streams, below 300 m alt.
New Guinea. Loxogramme centicola M.G. Price
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, at medium Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
altitudes. Region. N: Tak; NE: Phetchabun; P: Trang.
Leptochilus decurrens Blume Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. Trunks and boulders in dark humid forest.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Loxogramme chinensis Ching
Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; E:
Si Thammarat. Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. S India, Himalayas to S China and Taiwan, Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Upper Myanmar, S & SW
Indochina, Malesia and Polynesia throughout. China and N Vietnam.
Habitat. Terrestrial, on moist rocks or basal tree-trunks Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks in dense
usually in dense evergreen forest, rather common at evergreen forest, 1,600-2,200 m alt.
medium to high altitudes throughout Thailand. Loxogramme cuspidata (Zenker) M.G. Price
Leptochilus ellipticus (Thunb.) Noot. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. N :Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Laos.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Habitat. In evergreen forest.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, S China, Korea (Quelpart Loxogramme duclouxii Christ
Island), S Japan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocky mountain-slopes in dense evergreen Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
forest, rather rare, at 1,100-1,600 m alt. Distribution. Tibet, NE India, SW China, Korea, S Japan to
Leptochilus hemionitideus (C. Presl) Noot. Taiwan.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy rocks in dense evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, 1,400-1,800 m alt.
Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Loxogramme involuta (D. Don) C. Presl
Phetchaburi. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. N India, Nepal, Bhutan, S China, Taiwan and Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
the Ryukyus. Ratchasima.
Habitat. On wet rocks usually in stream-beds in dense Distribution. India, Nepal, Upper Myanmar, Indochina.
forests, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Habitat. On mossy rocks or mossy tree-trunks in dense
Leptochilus macrophyllus (Blume) Noot. evergreen forest, 900-1,800 m alt.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Loxogramme lankokiensis (Rosenst.) C. Chr.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Malesia. Region. N: Nan; NE: Loei.
48 1
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, ca 900 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Oreogrammitis congener (Blume) Parris Region. NE: Nong Khai; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Phuket,
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Krabi, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Vietnam, Cambodia
Distribution. Indo-China, Taiwan, Sumatra, Peninsular and N & W Malesia.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Habitat. On trunk of larger trees in open places, rather
Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. common at low altitudes.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on Uses. Ornamental.
ridge of mountains, at high altitudes where the daily mist Platycerium holttumii de Jonch. & Hennipman
previals. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Oreogrammitis dorsipila (Christ) Parris Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; E:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: SE: Chanthaburi.
Phangnga. Distribution. Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. S Japan, Ryukyus, S China and Indochina. Habitat. On tree-trunks in monsoon forests, rather rare at
Habitat. Rather rare on mossy tree-trunks in light shade low aititudes.
along rivers, at medium altitudes. Uses. Ornamental.
50 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei; Selliguea grifthiana (Hook.) Fraser-Jenk.
SE: Trat. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Sri Lanka, Indochina. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks usually in mountain Distribution. India, Upper Myanmar, SW China, Laos and
forests, rather rare at 1,000-2,500 m alt. Vietnam.
Pyrrosia rasamalae (Racib.) K.H. Shing Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy limestone cliffs in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dense evergreen forest, restricted to the highest parts of
Region. N: Tak; SW: Phetchaburi. the higher mountains in the North, not so common.
Distribution. Malesia. Selliguea heterocarpa (Blume) Blume
Habitat. In primary evergreen forest, bamboo thicket. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Pyrrosia stigmosa (Sw.) Ching Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Satun, Songkhla, Yala.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; Java, Borneo, and the Philippines.
C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Habitat. On rocks or tree-trunks, by streams in not so dense
Chanthaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; evergreen forest, at low altitudes.
P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Yala. Selliguea hirsuta (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) S. Linds.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina and southwards to W & Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
C Malesia. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habitat. On dry to moist rocks usually in light shade, not so Loei.
rare throughout Thailand, below 500 m or rarely to 1,300 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Radiogrammitis jagoriana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Parris Habitat. On rocks or rocky soil in exposed or comparatively
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dry places as well as in shaded or moist situations,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. 1,000-1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi and Taiwan. Selliguea laciniata (C. Presl) Parris
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
at high altitudes of Khao Luang. Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Radiogrammitis multifolia (Copel.) Parris Distribution. W Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On mossy trunks of fallen trees in clearing at ridge,
Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. ca 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. S China to W Malesia. Selliguea lateritia (Baker) Hovenkamp
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic.
with daily fog, locally abundant at medium or high Region. P: Narathiwat.
altitudes. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) Alderw. Habitat. In wide variety of forest types.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Selliguea oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Fraser-Jenk.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Si Thammarat. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malesia, the Pacic Islands. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Prachin
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen or Buri.
deciduous forests, rather rare at medium or high altitudes. Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar, SW China and
Scleroglossum sulcatum (Kuhn) Alderw. Indochina.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or wet rocks in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si evergreen forest, 1,000-2,300 m alt.
Thammarat, Yala. Selliguea pui Hovenkamp
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, S China, Taiwan, Malesia, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
the Pacic Islands. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense mossy forests, rather rare Distribution. Endemic.
at high altitudes. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in evergreen forest on ridges
Selliguea ebenipes (Hook.) S. Linds. at high altitudes, rather rare.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Selliguea rhynchophylla (Hook.) Fraser-Jenk.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. NE India and SW China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense mountain forests, at Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
ridge, ca 2,500 m alt. Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Indochina.
Selliguea enervis (Cav.) Ching Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, or rarely on mossy rocks in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dense evergreen forest, 1,200-1,700 m.
Region. P: Trang. Selliguea stenophylla (Blume) Parris
Distribution. Malesia. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On trees in evergreen forest, 800 m alt. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Malesia.
52 1
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Sw. Pteridaceae subfam. Parkerioideae
Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Acrostichum aureum L.
Habit. Terrestrial fern in mangrove.
Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Ubon Ratchathani;
Region. C: Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SW: Phetchaburi,
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chachoengsao; P: Surat Thani,
Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala.
Satun, Trang, Pattani.
Distribution. Tropics of Asia and Oceania, from India and S
Distribution. Pantropical.
China through Malesia to Polynesia, Australia and New
Habitat. Common in mangrove swamps and tidal forests.
Zealand.
Uses. Edible, medicinal, ornamental.
Habitat. On rather dry clayey banks of paths in mixed
forests, at low altitudes. Acrostichum speciosum Willd.
Uses. Decoction of plant used as hair tonic. Habit. Terrestrial fern in mangrove.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Cheilanthes velutina (Tardieu & C. Chr.) Fraser-Jenk. Distribution. Tropical Asia to Australia.
Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. In mangrove swamps.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Distribution. S Indochina. Ceratopteris oblongiloba Masuyama & Watano
Habitat. On dry rocks among ferns in rather dense forests, Habit. Terrestrial in wet soil or in ooded areas.
at low altitudes. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines.
Hemionitis vestita (Wall. ex Hook.) J. Sm. Habitat. In paddy elds, at low altitudes.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial in wet soil or in ooded areas.
Distribution. N India and SW China. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E:
Habitat. In rock crevices, ca 2,000 m alt. in limestone areas Buri Ram; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani,
of Doi Chiang Dao. Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani,
Parahemionitis cordata (Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Satun.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Warmer regions throughout the world.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Habitat. In paddy elds usually in open areas, common
Ubon Ratchathani, SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, throughout the country at low to medium altitudes.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung. Uses. Edible, medicinal, ornamental.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S & NE India, S China, Indochina,
W Malesia to the Philippines. Pteridaceae subfam. Pteridoideae
Habitat. On muddy rocks or terrestrial by paths in dense
forests, rather rare throughout the country at low to Onychium contiguum C. Hope
medium altitudes below 600 m. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Pellaea timorensis Alderw. Distribution. N India, SW China and Taiwan.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On dry sandy slopes below limestone cliffs or in
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. crevices of limestones in light shade.
Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia, Malesia.
Habitat. Not recorded. Onychium siliculosum (Desv.) C. Chr.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Pteridaceae subfam. Cryptogrammoideae Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE:
Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Phangnga.
Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Diels Distribution. India, SW China (Yunnan), Taiwan, Indochina,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Malesia throughout to Polynesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; SE: Habitat. On rather dry banks of new roads in open areas,
Chanthaburi. 800-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, S China to Taiwan, Uses. Medicinal.
Indochina and Malesia to the Philippines.
Habitat. On rather moist mountain slopes in dense Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link
evergreen forest, at high altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Coniogramme petelotii Tardieu Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Trat; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Yala,
Distribution. Yunnan and N Vietnam. Narathiwat.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground by streams in lower montane Distribution. Pantropical.
forest, ca 1,600 m alt. Habitat. On open mountain slopes in recently felled areas or
along new roads, at low or medium altitudes.
Coniogramme procera Fe
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J. Agardh
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Himalaya, SW China and Taiwan. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On wet ground of dense mossy-forests, ca 2,500 m Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar and Yunnan.
on Doi Inthanon. Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest or
54 1
Habitat. On humus-rich ground in light shade near the top SW: Kanchanaburi.
of mountain, about 2,500 m alt. Distribution. N India to Malesia.
Pteris phuluangensis Tagawa & K. Iwats. Habitat. On rather dry mountain-slopes in forests, 300-900
Habit. Terrestrial fern. m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Pteris vittata L.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in dry evergreen forest, ca 800 Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
m alt. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Saraburi; SE:
Pteris plumbea Christ Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Trang, Satun, Songkhla,Yala.
Thani, Satun. Distribution. Old World tropics and subtropics, north to S
Distribution. China and Indochina. Japan.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed forests, at Habitat. On rather wet sandy ground or muddy rocks usually
medium altitudes. along rivers in shade, below 800 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal.
Pteris scabripes Wall. ex J. Agardh
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh
Region. SE: Chon Buri; P; Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. On rocky mountain-slopes in dense evergreen Distribution. N India, S China, Laos, S Japan to Taiwan,
forest, at low altitudes. south to Java, Sulawesi, and a variety in Samoa.
Habitat. In light shade or half-shaded places, at low to
Pteris semipinnata L. medium altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, north Syngramma alismifolia (C. Presl) J. Sm.
to southern edge of Japan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at middle elevation. Region. P: Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. Malesia throughout, north to S Indochina.
Habitat. On banks of streams, near sea level.
Pteris stenophylla Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Syngramma minima Holttum
Region. N: Nan; NE Loei; SW: Phetchaburi. Habit. Lithophyte fern.
Distribution. N India and Laos. Also recorded from Malesia Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
but doubtful. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habitat. In shady areas near the top of quartzitic phyllite
forest, ca 800 m alt. ridges, at 650 m alt.
56 1
Antrophyum parvulum Blume Haplopteris taeniophylla (Copel.) E.H. Crane
Habit. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Yala. Distribution. NE Himalaya, Myanmar, Yunnan, Taiwan and
Distribution. India, Hainan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malesia. the Philippines.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist muddy rocks in Habitat. On tree-trunks, ca 2,200 m alt.,
dense evergreen forest. Haplopteris winitii (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) S. Linds.
Antrophyum vittarioides Baker Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Habitat. On bark of trees in semi-evergreen jungle, 520 m alt.
Habitat. By small streams in dense forests, ca 1,000 m alt. Vaginularia paradoxa (Fe) Mett.
Haplopteris amboinensis (Fe) X.C. Zhang Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Distribution. Sri Lanka, Malesia to Melanesia.
Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Trang. Habitat. On trunks of old trees in dense evergreen forest, at
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, medium altitudes.
Indonesia. Vaginularia trichoidea Fe
Habitat. On tree-trunks usually in evergreen forest, at Habit. Lithophytic fern.
medium or high altitudes. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Haplopteris angustifolia (Blume) E.H. Crane Distribution. W Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On muddy moist rocks by streams in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes.
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi,
Trang, Yala. Rhachidosoraceae
Distribution. Malesia, east to New Caledonia. Rhachidosorus siamensis S. Linds.
Habitat. On tree trunks, usually on old bark of trees, or Habit. Terrestrial fern.
muddy or mossy rocks in dense evergreen or montane Region. N: Chiang Mai.
forests, at medium to high altitudes. Distribution. Endemic.
Haplopteris elongata (Sw.) E.H. Crane Habitat. On clay bank in shady gully of small stream in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. lower montane forest on granite bedrock, at 1,750 m.
Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Old World tropics, north to Sikkim, Hainan Salviniaceae
and southern edge of Japan. Azolla caroliniana Willd.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in light shade to dense Habit. Aquatic fern.
forests, at low to medium altitudes. Region. N: Phayao.
Haplopteris ensiformis (Sw.) E.H. Crane Distribution. American tropics but dispersed throughout the
Habit. Epiphytic fern. world.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Habitat. Floating in still water.
Chanthaburi, Trat; C: Bangkok; P: Throughout the Azolla pinnata R. Br.
region. Habit. Aquatic fern.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; C: Phra Nakhon
Habitat. On tree-trunks usually in dense evergreen forest, at Si Ayutthaya; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani.
low or medium altitudes. Distribution. Palaeotropics.
Haplopteris exuosa (Fe) E.H. Crane Habitat. Floating on canals or paddy elds usually in sunny
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. places, at low altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak, Uses. Green manure, fodder crop.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; Salvinia cucullata Roxb. ex Bory
SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Aquatic fern.
Distribution. E Himalaya to SW and S China and Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,
Indochina, north to Japan, south to Peninsular Malaysia. Pathum Thani; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat
Habitat. On tree-trunks or moist rocks usually in lower Thani.
montane forest, at above 1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia to
Haplopteris scolopendrina (Bory) C. Presl Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. Floating on water in open places.
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Salvinia natans (L.) All.
Distribution. Old World tropics, Madagascar to Samoa, but Habit. Aquatic fern.
not found in Indonesia, Region. SW: Ratchaburi.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, at medium Distribution. C Europe, N India, China, Japan, N Vietnam
altitudes. and Java.
Habitat. Floating in water pool in open places.
58 1
Selaginella lindhardtii Heiron Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Region. N: Tak; C: Bangkok; SW: Ratchaburi. Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. In bamboo forest or shady brick-walls, at low Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade, at low to
altitudes. medium altitudes.
Selaginella minutifolia Spring Selaginella siamensis Hieron.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; P: Ranong, Trang. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, S Vietnam, Peninsular Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; SW:
Malaysia. Kanchanaburi; P: Satun.
Habitat. On rather dry sandy slopes or moist cliffs in mixed Distribution. Indochina.
forest. Habitat. On rather dry ground or rocks in light shade or in
open areas, at 1,0001,800 m alt.
Selaginella monospora Spring
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Selaginella strigosa Bedd.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. N India, S China, Myanmar, Indochina. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. On exposed ground or mossy rocks in exposed Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
ridge or near summit. Habitat. At low altitudes.
Selaginella ornata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Trang. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Indochina (Tonkin & Cambodia) and western Distribution. E. Asia, north to E. Siberia, Manchuria and
Malesia (type from Sumatra) to the Philippines and the Hokkaido in N. Japan, south to Philippines and Lombok,
Flores. Indochina.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habitat. In crevices of dry exposed limestone cliffs, at about
forest. 2,000 m alt.
Selaginella ostenfeldii Hieron. Selaginella tenuifolia Spring
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Lampang, Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae.
Lamphun, Phrae, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Laos.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. On rather dry slopes in not so dense forest, at
Distribution. Myanmar (Shan State and Moulmein) and 9001,200 m alt.
Indochina (Cochinchina and Cambodia). Selaginella trachyphylla A. Br. ex Heiron
Habitat. On rather dry slope in deciduous or mixed forest, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
up to 1,400 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si
Selaginella pennata (Don) Spring Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. China (type from Hongkong) and Indochina.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Nan, Habitat. On rather dry slope in dense forest, at low to
Phitsanulok, Tak; N: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: medium altitudes.
Kanchanaburi. Selaginella vaginata Spring
Distribution. N India, Myanmar. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On moist mountain slopes usually near streams in Region. N: Chiang Mai.
light shade or in evergreen forest, at medium altitudes. Distribution. N India, Myanmar.
Selaginella pubescens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring Habitat. On limestone cliffs in open areas on rocky
mountain range.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phrae, Tak; P: Phatthalung. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in deciduous or Yala.
mixed forest, at lower altitudes. Distribution. S Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring Sumatra, Borneo.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. In wet places near streams, at lower altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Selaginalla willdenowii (Desv.) Baker
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; SW: Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Distribution. N India, S China, Taiwan, Indochina, western Throughout the region.
Malesia. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mixed or deciduous forest, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines.
up to 2,000 m alt. Habitat. Forming thickets among undergrouwths in
Selaginella roxburghii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring evergreen forest, below 500 m alt.
60 1
Distribution. Widely in Tropical Asia. Distribution. W Malaysia and Sumatra.
Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense forests, at Habitat. On limestone rocks.
medium altitudes. Tectaria laotica Tardieu & C. Chr.
Tectaria devexa (Kunze) Copel. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; Distribution. Laos.
SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at the top of Phu Kradueng.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S China, Indochina, Malesia, north Tectaria manilensis (C. Presl) Holttum
to Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks, usually on limestone, or terrestrial in Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak;
evergreen forest, at low altitudes. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok;
Tectaria fauriei Tagawa SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Throughout
Habit. Terrestrial fern. the region.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Distribution. Myanmar, W Malaysia, SW Sulawesi, and
Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok. Philippines.
Distribution. N India and Myanmar, Taiwan, and the Habitat. Usually in crevices of limestone cliffs in light
Ryukyus. shade at low altitudes.
Habitat. Usually along streams in mixed or evergreen Tectaria melanocaulis (Blume) Copel.
forests, at medium altitudes. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Tectaria ssa (Kunze) Holttum Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Malesia throughout from Sumatra to New
Region. P: Yala. Guinea.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Habitat. On or among rocks, including limestone, in forest.
Habitat. In lowland evergreen forest. Tectaria phaeocaulis (Rosenst.) C. Chr.
Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak, Distribution. S China, Indochina, Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nakhon Sawan; SW: Habitat. On mountain slopes in mixed forests, ca 1,600 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi. Tectaria phanomensis S. Linds.
Distribution. Sikkim to S China, east to Taiwan. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in humus-rich areas in dense Region. P: Surat Thani.
mixed or evergreen forests, 500-1,200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Tectaria grifthii (Baker) C. Chr. Habitat. Collected from a pocket of thin soil on a limestone
Habit. Terrestrial fern. cliff, ca 100 m alt.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Tectaria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Indochina, W Distribution. E Himalaya to S China and Taiwan, south to
Malesia to the Philippines. Sri Lanka and W Malaysia.
Habitat. On rocky mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dry places in dense
below 600 m alt. forests, at low to medium altitudes up to 1,400 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental. Uses. Medicinal.
Tectaria herpetocaulos Holttum Tectaria remotipinna Ching & Chu H.Wang
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. China.
Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habitat. On streambanks in lower montane or hill evergreen
Surat Thani, Krabi. forest over granite bedrock at 1,000-1,450 m.
Distribution. S India, Myanmar, Indochina and W Malaysia.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 500-1,100 m alt. Tectaria rockii C. Chr.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Tectaria impressa (Fe) Holttum Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Region. Widespread throughout Thailand. Distribution. Myanmar and Indochina.
Distribution. N India, SW China, Indochina, Taiwan, W Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 400-1,200 m alt.
Malaysia to Java.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in not so dense Tectaria semipinnata (Roxb.) C.V. Morton
forests, fairly common especially on limestone, at low to Habit. Terrestrial fern.
medium altitudes up to 900 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Tectaria keckii (Luerss.) C. Chr. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
Region. P: Chumphon, Yala. low and medium altitudes.
62 1
Cyclosorus exsculptus (Baker) S. Linds. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Trang, Yala.
Region. P: Yala. Distribution. Malesia.
Distribution. Borneo. Habitat. On moist slopes in dense evergreen forest, at low
Habitat. On logs in streams, at low altitudes. altitudes.
Cyclosorus falcilobus (Hook.) Panigrahi Cyclosorus menisciicarpus (Blume) Holttum
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Trang,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun. Satun, Yala.
Distribution. NE India, Upper Myanmar, SW & S China, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Laos and Vietnam. Philippines and New Guinea.
Habitat. Near streams in shade, at medium altitudes. Habitat. On earthy banks or rocks by streams in evergreen
forest, at low altitudes.
Cyclosorus glandulosus (Blume) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Cyclosorus nudatus (Roxb.) B.K. Nayar & S. Kaur
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Yala. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. W Malesia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habitat. Near streams, at low altitudes. Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok;
SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat
Cyclosorus heterocarpus (Blume) Ching Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar, China and N Vietnam.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade or in dense
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
forests, at medium altitudes.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Malesia to Polynesia.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Cyclosorus opulentus (Kaulf.) Nakaike
Uses. Medicinal, ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak; NE: Nong Khai; C: Saraburi;
Cyclosorus immersus (Blume) S. Linds. SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Uthai
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thani, Kanchanaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Region. N: Lampang; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Distribution. Sri Lanka to Malesia, Micronesia and
SE: Chanthaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani,
Polynesia.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in light shade,
Yala.
usually at low altitudes.
Distribution. Malesia north to Hainan.
Habitat. On rather dry banks of paths in light shade to dense Cyclosorus papilio (C. Hope) Ching
evergreen forest, at low to medium altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; SW:
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Taiwan, and Peninsular
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lampang; C: Bangkok;
Malaysia.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Habitat. On moist ground by streamlets at edge of evergreen
P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
forest, at medium altitudes.
Phatthalung, Songkhla, Yala.
Distribution. Pantropical. Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farw.
Habitat. On grassy banks along streams or in open marshy Habit. Terrestrial fern.
places, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak,
Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri,
Cyclosorus lakhimpurense (Rosenst.) Copel. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics in Asia, north to S
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi.
Japan and south to New Zealand.
Distribution. Himalaya to SW China and N Vietnam.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes along path in open places or in
Habitat. On humus-rich slopes usually near streams in
evergreen forest, at low to medium altitudes.
forests, at medium altitudes.
Cyclosorus larutensis (Bedd.) Ching
Cyclosorus penangianus (Hook.) Copel.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Himalaya, to S and SW China (not in
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Penang!).
Habitat. In shade, at low altitudes.
Habitat. Along streams in rather dry valley-forests, ca 150
Cyclosorus lebeui (Baker) W. M. Chu m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Cyclosorus polycarpus (Blume) Holttum
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. NE India and Cambodia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat
Habitat. On clayey soil along river, at low altitudes.
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Cyclosorus megaphyllus (Mett.) Ching Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Malesia.
64 1
SE: Chanthaburi. Thelypteris accida (Blume) Ching
Distribution. S & N India, N Myanmar and Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On clayey ground in open or half-shaded places, Region. NE: Phetchabun.
600-800 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, SW China (Yunnan and
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching Guizhou), N Vietnam, and Java.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On half-shaded, humus-rich banks of new road, ca
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, 1,200 m alt.
Tak; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat, Thelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching
Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Mascarene Islands, throughout tropical Asia, Distribution. Nepal eastwards to S China, Philippines.
Polynesia, Hawaii, north to Japan and south to Australia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. On sunny slopes along roads at edge of forests, at
low to medium altitudes. Thelypteris hirsutipes (Clarke) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thelypteris conuens (Thunb.) C.V. Morton Region. NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Himalaya to SW China and W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. On mountain slopes in evergreen forest, 1,100-
Distribution. Africa, S India, Myanmar, Laos, Sumatra, 1,600 m alt.
New Guinea, and New Zealand.
Habitat. In swamps in rather open places, ca 1,000 m alt. Thelypteris laxa (Franch. & Sav.) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thelypteris dayi (Bedd.) B.K.Nayar & S.Kaur Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Japan, Taiwan.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Nakhon Si Habitat. Not recorded.
Thammarat.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Thelypteris viscosa (Baker) Ching
Borneo and W Java. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade or in evergreen Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
forest, at medium altitudes. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and
Philippines.
Habitat. On clayey ridge in dense evergreen forest, ca
1,100-1,750 m alt.
66 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Nageia motleyi (Parl.) de Laub.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Trat, Chanthaburi; Habit. Tree.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, evergreen and montane forests, to Habitat. Evergreen and peat swamp forests, low altitude.
1,800 m alt.
Nageia wallichiana (C. Presl) Kuntze
Gnetum tenuifolium Ridl. Habit. Tree.
Habit. Woody climber. Region. N: Nan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,; SE: Trat,
Region. P: Ranong, Yala, pattani, Narathiwat. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Yala, Narathiwat, Satun.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, under 100 m alt. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar,
Indochina, Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines.
Pinaceae Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to ca 2,000 m alt.
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gard. Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don
Habit. Tree. Habit. Tree.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Tak, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak,
Lampang, Prae, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; Nakhonsawan; NE: Loei, Udon Thani; E: Nakhon
E: Mukdahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Krabi,
Bururam; C: Suphan Buri. Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangkladesh, S China,
Philippines. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Papua New Guinea,
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and montane forest, to Pacics Islands.
2,000 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, 600-1,500 m alt.
Uses. Timber and resin.
Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw.
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Habit. Tree.
Habit. Tree. Region. SE: Trat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Tak, Distribution. Celebes Islands, Papua New Guinea,
Lampang, Prae, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; Philippines.
E: Mukdahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000 m alt.
Buriram; C: Suphan Buri.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Sumatra, Podocarpus polystachyus R.Br. ex Endl.
Philippines. Habit. Tree.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and montane forest, to Region. NE: Loei.
1,800 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Uses. Timber and resin. Malaysia.
Habitat. Montane forest, by streams, ca 800 m alt.
Podocarpaceae
Taxodiaceae
Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. var. patulus de Laub.
Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D.Don
Habit. Tree. Habit. Tree.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Region. Cultivated.
Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Yala. Distribution. China, Japan.
Distribution. S. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Uses. Ornamental.
Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pacics Islands. Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.
Habitat. Montane forest, 700-1,500 m alt. Habit. Tree.
Uses. Timber is used for construction. Region. Cultivated.
Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. Distribution. China, ?Laos, ?Cambodia, N Vietnam.
Habit. Tree. Uses. Ornamental.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Phetchabun; E: Nakhon
Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Prachin Buri, Trat: P: Yala.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
68 1
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. Distribution. NE India, N Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Primary and secondary moist evergreen to seasonal
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. evergreen forests, riverbanks, below 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. China, Laos. Alocasia hypnosa J.T. Yin,Y.H. Wang & Z.F. Yu
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, on Habit. Herb.
shale and limestone. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak;
Uses. Ornamental and is considered to bring good fortune SW: Kanchanaburi.
to the owner. Distribution. Laos, SW China.
Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth Habitat. Humid and exposed limestone, 800-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Alocasia hypoleuca P.C. Boyce
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Habit. Herb.
Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Narathiwat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest on granite. ca 500 m alt.
Habitat. Peat swamp to lowland evergreen to montane
forests. Alocasia longiloba Miq.
Habit. Herb.
Aglaonema ovatum Engl. Region. E : Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C:
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok, Nonthaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Region. E: Buri Ram; SW: Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Lop Buri, Sara Buri; SE: Chon Distribution. SW China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Buri; P: Phangnga. Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habitat. Evergreen forest and regrowth understory, also in
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, on granite or limestone on swampy areas, occasionally on rocks, to 500 m alt.
sandy soils.
Aglaonema pumilum Hook.f.
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Phuket. See note below.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Phangnga. Distribution. Indo-Malesia to Oceania.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Habitat. Roadside ditches, margins of wet elds, also
Habitat. Not recorded. cultivated, to 500 m alt.
Aglaonema simplex (Blume) Blume Uses. Stems formerly used as a subsistence crop in times of
Habit. Herb. famine.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang; NE: Loei, Sakon Alocasia navicularis (K. Koch & C.D. Bouch) K. Koch &
Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SW:
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Suphan Buri,
C.D. Bouch
Habit. Herb.
Sara Buri, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak.
Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
China, Laos, Vietnam.
Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Moist evergreen lower montane forests, sometimes
Distribution. India, W. Maluku, SW China to Java.
on limestone, 600-1650 m alt.
Habitat. Peat swamp, beach and evergreen forests,
occasionally on limestone, to 700 m alt. Alocasia odora (Lindl.) K. Koch
Habit. Herb.
Alocasia acuminata Schott
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phuket.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, SW China, Laos, Cambodia,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; NE: Nong
Japan (Ruykyu Is.).
Khai, Khon Kaen; SW: Khanchanaburi.
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, bamboo-thickets,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW
riverbanks, swamps, sometimes on limestone, to 1,700 m alt.
China, Laos, N Vietnam.
Uses. In China the rhizomes are used for the treatment of
Habitat. Moist areas in dry evergreen forest, sometimes on
stomachache and abdominal pain, cholera and hernia;
limestone, 650-1175 m alt.
externally to treat abscesses, snake or insect bites.
Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don Alocasia perakensis Hemsl.
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. No herbarium specimens located, but see note
Region. P: Yala.
below.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Taiwan, China.
Habitat. In montane forests, in leaf litter and on rocks.
Habitat. In association with human disturbance, to 900 m
1,100-1525 m alt.
alt.
Uses. In China all parts are used for treatment of snake Amorphophallus aberrans Hett.
bites, abscesses, rheumatism and arthritis. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Uthai Thani.
72 1
Arisaema barbatum Buchet Arisaema pattaniense Gagnep.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Phangnga. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Trang.
Distribution. SW China, Indonesia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 200-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Shaded, evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt.
Arisaema chumponense Gagnep. Arisaema prazeri Hook.f.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat; Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.
SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. Myanmar, SW China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, on
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 750-1,000 m alt. limestone, 550-1850 m alt.
Arisaema consanguineum Schott subsp. consanguineum Arisaema roxburghii Kunth
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai; NE: Phuket; E: Si Sa Ket; NE: Petchabun, Nong Khai.
Loei. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Laos, Habitat. Shady limestone outcrops, often in rock crevices,
Vietnam. 100-800 m alt.
Habitat. Open grassy ground and roadsides, 900-3,000 m Arisaema siamicum Gagnep.
alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. The corms are rich in starch. Region. P: Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Arisaema mbriatum Mast. subsp. mbriatum Pattani, Phangnga, Songkhla, Trang.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. P: Songkhla. Habitat. Shaded, rocky areas in evergreen forest, 300-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Arisaema sizemoreae Hett. & Gusman
Habitat. Evergreen forest, limestone areas, 100-300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Arisaema mbriatum Mast. subsp. bakerianum (Engl.) Region. N: Nakon Sawan.
Gusman Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. P: Krabi, Phangnga. Arisaema sukotaiense Gagnep.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Crevices beneath bushes on limestone islands, near Region. E: Chaiyaphum; N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Tak;
sea level. NE: Loei.
Arisaema garrettii Gagnep. Distribution. China.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Montane forest, sometimes growing as an epiphyte
Region. N: Chiang Mai; Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Nan, on mossy trunks, 850-2,500 m alt.
Tak; NE: Loei. Arisaema wrayi Hemsl.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Shaded, evergreen forest, often by streams in Region. P: Yala.
boggy places, 500-1,550 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Arisaema kerrii Craib Habitat. Shaded on mossy rocks, evergreen forest,
Habit. Herb. 600-1,540 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Arisaema yunnanense Buchet
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Montane evergreen forest, 1,200-1,700 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Arisaema maxwellii Hett. & Gusman Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Meadows among shrubs and rocks, often on
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi calcareous boulders, 700-2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Habitat. Shaded places on humus, in primary evergreen Habit. Herb.
forest, along streams, 400-700 m alt. Arisaema omkoiense Region. All over the country.
Gusman Distribution. Natural wild Distribution. and widely
Habit. Herb. cultivated in the tropics and sub- tropics.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok. Habitat. Roadside ditches, wet elds, weed in cultivated
Distribution. SW China, Vietnam. and otherwise disturbed land.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,300-1,900 m alt. Uses. Vegetable crop.
Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman Colocasia fallax Schott
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei, Petchabun. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan,
Distribution. Endemic. Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SW:
Habitat. Shaded places, rock crevices, 350-800 m alt. Kanchanaburi.
74 1
Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Homalomena rostrata Griff.
Habit. Climbing herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Trang. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Throughout tropical Asia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen to montane forests, weeds of Habitat. Lowland swamp forest.
rubber plantation, rocks and coastal forest. Homalomena truncata (Schott) Hook.f.
Hapaline benthamiana Schott Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Satun,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Distribution. S Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Disturbed areas and lowland evergreen forest,
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. sometimes on limestone.
Habitat. Evergreen moist to degraded mixed deciduous or Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites
bamboo forests, on granite or limestone, 50-1,200 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Hapaline brownii Hook.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Habit. Herb. Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Nakhon Si
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phuket. Thammarat, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Widespread throughout tropical Asia.
Habitat. Disturbed mixed dipterocarp forest, on river banks Habitat. Open wet areas in deciduous and evergreen forests,
or on limestone, to 150 m alt. along rivers and in ditches.
Hapaline colaniae Gagnep. Uses. Leaves and inorescences are used locally as a
Habit. Herb. vegetable.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum. Piptospatha perakensis (Engl.) Engl.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Hapaline kerrii Gagnep. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Rheophytic on granite boulders in streams, stream
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi; P: Satun. banks, and by waterfalls.
Distribution. Endemic Pistia stratiotes L.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, in crevices of limestone Habit. Aquatic herb.
rocks. Region. All over the country.
Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Schott Distribution. Pantropic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open still or slow running fresh mesotrophic or
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei. eutrophic water at low altitude.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, SW China. Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr.
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, occasionally on Habit. Creeping herb.
limestone. 500-950 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phrae,
Homalomena grifthii (Schott) Hook.f. Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon
Habit. Herb. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi, Nakhon
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phuket, Yala. Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Distribution. Nepal, NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Habitat. Damp evergreen hill forest. Myanmar, SW China, Taiwan, Indochina.
Habitat. On rocks and trees, disturbed lowland, 250-2,000
Homalomena humilis (Jack) Hook.f. m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Applied topically on insect and animal bites,
Region. P: Ranong, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. decoction from entire plant used in bath to treat tumours
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. and drinking for anti-cough.
Habitat. On rocks in lowland evergreen forest.
Pothos curtisii Hook.f.
Homalomena lancifolia Hook.f. Habit. Creeping herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Thammarat; Satun, Songkhla, Yala. Habitat. Wet hill and lowland evergreen forest, 50-600 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. On rocks in streams in secondary and evergreen Pothos kingii Hook.f.
lowland forests, to ca 150 m alt. Habit. Creeping herb.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Homalomena pontederiifolia Griff. ex Hook.f. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Habitat. Shady to open areas in wet evergreen forest,
Yala. 50-450 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Primary perhumid to moist evergreen lowland Pothos leptostachyus Schott
forest. Habit. Creeping herb.
76 1
Rhaphidophora megaphylla H. Li Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, limestone cracks, ca 300
Habit. Creeping herb. m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; SW: Schismatoglottis brevicuspis Hook.f.
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. SW China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous, also in Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
montane areas, 650-1,000 m alt. Habitat. In wet gullies and among rocks by streams in
Rhaphidophora minor Hook.f. evergreen forest, 450-900 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Philippines, Sulawesi. Distribution. SW China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Fresh water swamp forest, open lowland along Habitat. Damp to everwet evergreen lowland forest.
stream and river margins, under 100 m alt.
Schismatoglottis wallichii Hook.f.
Rhaphidophora montana (Blume) Schott Habit. Herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Habitat. Lowland and montane forests, often in disturbed
Habitat. Evergreen lowland forest. places, to ca 1,500 m alt.
Rhaphidophora peepla (Roxb.) Schott Scindapsus hederaceus Miq.
Habit. Creeping herb. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Region. N: ChiangMai, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong,
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Nayok. Distribution. Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Distribution. Nepal, India, N Myanmar, SW China. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, sometimes in
Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, 650-1,900 m peat swamp forest, also on limestone.
alt.
Scindapsus maclurei (Merr.) Merr. & F.P. Metcalf
Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. E: Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. China, Laos.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and dry evergreen forests,
Habitat. Dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane between rocks.
forests, also on limestone.
Scindapsus ofcinalis (Roxb.) Schott
Rhaphidophora sylvestris (Blume) Engl. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Nong Khai,
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Mukdahan; E: Chaiyaphum, Buri Ram; SW: Ratchaburi;
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri.
Habitat. Perhumid to wet lowland, hill to sub-montane Distribution. Nepal, India, Indochina.
forest, 100-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Deciduos dipterocarp, dry evergreen and mixed
Rhaphidophora tetrasperma Hook.f. deciduous forests, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Uses. An Ayurvedic medicinal plant with anti-inammatory
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat and antihistamine properties.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Scindapsus scortechinii Hook.f.
Habitat. Disturbed areas in evergreen forest, 200-800 m alt. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Sauromatum hirsutum (S.Y. Hu) Cusimano & Hett. Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Habitat. Evergreen forest, upper hill on limestone, ca 850 m alt.
Distribution. SW China, Laos, N Vietnam. Steudnera colocasiifolia K. Koch
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 1,000-1,150 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Sauromatum horseldii Miq. Region. Northern areas.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW China.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; C: Nakhon Nayok, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest.
Saraburi. SW: Kanchanaburi. Steudnera discolor W. Bull
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Herb.
Sumatra, Java Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
forests, also in grasslands and limestone, 700-3100 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest.
Sauromatum tentaculatum (Hett.) Cusimano & Hett. Steudnera kerrii Gagnep.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. Northern areas.
Distribution. Endemic.
78 1
Distribution. Throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. Typhonium watanabei J. Murata, Sookch. & Hett.
Habitat. Ruderal, sometimes on limestone, under 300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Typhonium sagittariifolium Gagnep. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Chumphon.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. C: Lop Buri, Saraburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone.
Arecaceae (Palmae)
Typhonium saraburiense Sookch., Hett. & J. Murata Areca catechu L.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Solitary palm.
Region. C: Saraburi. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Malesia.
Habitat. Not recorded. Uses. Seeds (betel nut) are chewed as a mild narcotic.
Typhonium sinhabaedyai Hett. & A. Galloway Areca laosensis Becc.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Solitary or clustering palm tree.
Region. Region. N: Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; C:
Distribution. Endemic. Nakhon Nayok.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Typhonium smitinandii Sookch. & J. Murata Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Areca montana Ridl.
Region. P: Krabi. Habit. Solitary palm.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Pattani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Typhonium subglobosum Hett. & Sookch. Habitat. Evegreen forest, hillsides, to 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.
Region. SE: Sa Kaeo. Habit. Clustered palm.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Not recorded. Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Typhonium supraneeae A. Galloway, Petra Schmidt & Sinhab. Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket,
Habit. Herb. Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. C: Lop Buri. Distribution. Widely distributed across S Asia from India
Distribution. Endemic. and Bangladesh reaching the Greater Sunda Islands
Habitat. Not recorded. (Borneo and Sumatra).
Habitat. Dry evergreen, evergreen and peat swamp forests,
Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott to ca 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. C: Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Thon Buri. SE: Areca tunku J. Dransf. & C.K. Lim
Chanthaburi, Chon Buri. SW: Kanchanaburi. P: Nakhon Habit. Solitary palm.
Si Thammarat, Trang. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Peninsular Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Malaysia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Ruderal, low altitude. Arenga caudata (Lour.) H.E. Moore
Typhonium tubispathum Hett. & A. Galloway Habit. Densely clustered shrub.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon
Region. N: Tak. Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: throughout
Distribution. Endemic. the areas.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Hainan to Indochina and N Peninsular
Malaysia.
Typhonium varians Hett. & Sookch. Habitat. Locally common in moist or wet forest throughout
Habit. Herb. Thailand, from 0-700 m alt.
Region. N: Tak. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Not recorded. Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) Whitmore
Habit. Densely clustered shrub.
Typhonium violiifolium Gagnep. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Herb. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani,
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi., Phetchaburi. Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone, 50-350 m alt. Habitat. Infrequent in wet forest, 100-600 m alt.
Typhonium viridispathum A. Galloway & Sinhab. Uses. Ornamental.
Habit. Herb. Arenga obtusifolia Mart.
Region. C: Lop Buri. Habit. Loosely clustered tree.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java.
80 1
Sumatra (type), Philippines. Calamus insignis Griff. var. robustus (Becc.) J. Dransf.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, on hill slopes and ridge tops, to Habit. Clustering high-climbing rattan.
800 m alt. Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Narathiwat.
Calamus erectus Roxb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering massive erect non-climbing rattan. Habitat. Slopes and ridge tops in evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Region. N: Nan, Phrae, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Trang. Calamus javensis Blume
Distribution. India, Eastern Himalayas, Bangladesh, China, Habit. Clustering rattan.
Myanmar, Laos. Region. N: Tak; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,600 m alt. Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala,
Uses. Edible shoot. Narathiwat.
Calamus erinaceus (Becc.) J. Dransf. Distribution. Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia,
Habit. Clustering rattan. Philippines.
Region. P: Trang. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Calamus laevigatus Mart.
Philippines. Habit. Solitary (rarely clustered) rattan.
Habitat. Distinctive features of forest on the landward Region. P: Yala.
fringe of mangrove and near the sea. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Calamus exilis Griff. Habitat. On hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Habit. Solitary or clustering rattan. Uses. Rattan used for matting furniture.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Calamus longisetus Griff.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Hill slopes and ridge tops in hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Phetchaburi; P:
to 800 m alt. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla.
Calamus agellum Griff. ex Mart. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; C: Nakhon Calamus luridus Becc.
Nayok. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina. Region. P: Chumphon, Phuket, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Edible shoot. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Calamus godefroyi Becc. Calamus manan Miq.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Solitary, massive high-climbing rattan.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Calamus griseus J. Dransf. Calamus nambariensis Becc.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. P: Ranong. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. Assam, S China, Indochina.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest in upland areas.
Calamus guruba Buch.-Ham. Uses. Produces a good quality medium-sized cane.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Calamus oligostachys T.Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Thamm. & J.Dransf.
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Yala. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, S China, Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 250 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest and scrub on seasonally
Uses. Edible shoot. ooded ground, 200 m alt.
Calamus henryanus Becc. Calamus ornatus Blume
Habit. Climbing palm, clustered. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Tak; NE: Loei. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java
Habitat. Evergreen forest at low altitude, sometimes on (type), Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi.
limestone. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt.
Uses. Edible shoot.
Calamus oxleyanus Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq.
Calamus insignis Griff. var. longispinosus J. Dransf. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habit. Solitary high-climbing slender to moderate-sized Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phatthalung,
rattan. Trang, Songkhla.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Pattani. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Borneo.
Habitat. Slopes and ridge tops in evergreen forest, to 800 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
82 1
Habitat. Montane forest on ridge tops, above 800 m alt. Cyrtostachys renda Blume
Calamus wailong S. J. Pei & S.Y. Chen Habit. Caespitose palm.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Region. N: Nan; NE: Phetchabun. Pattani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. China, Laos. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore,
Habitat. Upland evergreen forest, 600-950 m alt. Borneo.
Uses. Edible shoot. Habitat. In fresh water peat swamp forest near sea level.
Uses. Ornamental.
Caryota kiriwongensis Hodel
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Daemonorops angustifolia (Griff.) Mart.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. Humid montane evergreen forest, 1,100-1,200 m alt. Phatthalung, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Uses. A spectacular ornamental. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. River banks, swamps and forest margins in the
Caryota maxima Blume lowlands.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Uses. Produces a rather coarse cane; shoots edible.
Region. N: Nan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, disturbed areas, Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si
200-1,800 m alt. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental, timber used for house construction, the Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
cabbage is edible and the leaf sheath bres used as Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt.
tinder. Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume
Caryota mitis Lour. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habit. Clustering tree palm. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi, Bangkok; SE: Chon Habitat. Valley bottoms in lowland forest, to 400 m alt.
Buri; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Daemonorops geniculata (Griff.) Mart.
Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Solitary rather short rattan.
Distribution. SE China, Indochina, Malesia. Region. P: Ranong, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Very widespread in a variety of habitats, to 800 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Lower slopes and valley bottoms in evergreen
Caryota obtusa Griff. forest, to 500 m alt.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Daemonorops grandis (Griff.) Mart.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. N India, southern China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On steep slopes in humid evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
1,200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 900 m alt.
Ceratolobus subangulatus (Miq.) Becc. Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habitat. Hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi; C:
Corypha lecomtei Becc. ex Lecomte Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi,
Habit. Solitary tree palm. Trat.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Khon Kaen; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. E Himalaya, S China.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Lowland rain forest below 900 m, locally common
Habitat. In seasonally dry vegetation, along river banks, in gaps and secondary forest.
monsoon forest and open areas, to 600 m alt. Uses. Edible shoot and leaves used as thatch.
Uses. Ornamental. Daemonorops kunstleri Becc.
Corypha utan Lam. Habit. Clustering, acaulescent to short-climbing rattan.
Habit. Solitary tree palm. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon
Region. P: Satun. Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India to N Australia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Open areas in the lowlands, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, generally on steep slopes.
Corypha umbraculifera L. Daemonorops leptopus (Griff.) Mart.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. Cultivated. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India to N Australia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Seeds are edible. Habitat. Hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Daemonorops lewisiana (Griff.) Mart.
84 1
Korthalsia agellaris Miq. Region. P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habit. Clustering and branching rattan. Distribution. Malaysia.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. lowland forest to limestone hills.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Licuala paludosa Griff.
Habitat. Restricted to peat swamp forest. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Korthalsia laciniosa (Griff.) Mart. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Clustering high-climbing rattan. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Phatthalung, Borneo.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Peat swamp forests.
Distribution. Myanmar, Andaman and Nicobar Is., Uses. Ornamental.
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Licuala peltata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. var. peltata
Java, Philippines. Habit. Solitary palm.
Habitat. Lowland and hill evergreen forest. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Korthalsia rigida Blume Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Habit. Clustering rattan. Satun.
Region. P: Ranong, Trang, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Philippines. Habitat. Evergreen forest, limestone, 100-500 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Korthalsia rostrata Blume Licuala peltata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. var. sumawongii Saw
Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Solitary palm.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. P: Trang, also cultivated.
Habitat. Widespread in lowland and hill dipterocarp forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Korthalsia scortechinii Becc. Habitat. Lowland and submontane evergreen forest.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Uses. Ornamental
Region. P: Narathiwat. Licuala pitta Vatch. ex Barfod & Pongsatt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Licuala distans Ridl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habitat. In hill dipterocarp forest and lowland evergreen
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang. forest, up to 450 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Licuala poonsakii Hodel
Habitat. Restricted in its distribution to a few hilltops. It is Habit. Solitary or caespitose palm.
locally common on slopes. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Uses. Ornamental. Trat.
Licuala glabra Griff. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habitat. Deciduous forest, 200-800 m alt.
Region. P: Satun, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Licuala pusilla Becc.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Solitary acaulescent palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to ca 600 m alt. Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Licuala kunstleri Becc. Habitat. Lowland forest and lower slopes of the hill forest.
Habit. Solitary palm. Licuala scortechinii Becc.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Trang, Satun, Yala, Habit. Solitary palm.
Narathiwat. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In lowland and hill forest. Habitat. Lowlands to montane forest.
Licuala malajana Becc. Licuala spinosa Thunb.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Region. P: Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Malaysia. Distribution. Widely distributed from Vietnam, Andaman
Habitat. Scattered in lowland and hill forest. and Nicobar Islands to Java, Borneo, Philippines.
Licuala merguensis Becc. Habitat. Disturbed areas, forest margins, low altitude.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Uses. Ornamental.
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket. Licuala triphylla Griff.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Habit. Solitary, acaulescent palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani,
Licuala modesta Becc. Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Solitary to caespitose palm. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, open areas, low altitude.
86 1
Uses. Leaet bere for rope and thatch. Uses. Ornamental.
Phoenix roebelenii OBrien Pinanga perakensis Becc.
Habit. Clustering palm. Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Rheophyte along the rocky banks of the Mekong Habitat. Evergreen forest, 750-1,250 m alt.
River and its tributaries. Pinanga polymorpha Becc.
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Clustered palm.
Pholidocarpus macrocarpus Becc. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Palm tree. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitude.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Pinanga riparia Ridl.
Habitat. Fresh water swamps, low altitude Habit. Clustered palm.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Pinanga adangensis Ridl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra.
Habit. Clustered palm. Habitat. Lowland rainforest, usually along river banks or
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Phatthalung, other wet places, to 300 m alt.
Satun, Songkhla. Pinanga scortechinii Becc.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Clustered palm.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, especially on islands, often Region. P: Phuket, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
near streams and rivers, to 200 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Pinanga auriculata Becc. var. leucocarpa C.K. Lim Pinanga simplicifrons (Miq.) Becc. var. simplicifrons
Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo,
Habitat. Lowland rainforest near the coast. Sumatra.
Pinanga auriculata Becc. var. merguensis (Becc.) C.K. Lim Habitat. Evergreen forest, hillsides, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Solitary palm.
Region. P: Phuket, Ranong, Surat Thani, Trang.
Pinanga subintegra Ridl. var. intermedia C.K.Lim
Habit. Clustered palm.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, at low altitude.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Pinanga badia Hodel Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest.
Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. P: Satun.
Pinanga sylvestris (Lour.) Hodel
Habit. Clustered palm.
Distribution. Endemic.
Region. Chiang Mai, Nan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat.
Habitat. Lowland rain forest, to 500 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina.
Pinanga disticha (Roxb.) H. Wendl. Habitat. Lowland evergreen and montane forests, to 1,750 m alt.
Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun,
Pinanga watanaiana C.K. Lim
Habit. Clustered palm.
Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Phuket.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, 50-800 m alt.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, to 150 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental.
Pinanga fractiexa Hodel Plectocomia elongata Mart. & Blume
Habit. Solitary rattan.
Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. P: Surat Thani.
Phatthalung, Trang.
Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, to 600 m alt.
Borneo, Philippines (Palawan).
Pinanga malaiana (Mart.) Scheff. Habitat. Widespread in secondary habitats, to 1,500 m alt.
Habit. Clustered palm. Uses. The cane is of poor quality. Inorescence branches
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. are occasionally used as ornaments.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, to 800 m alt.
Plectocomia himalayana Griff.
Habit. Clustering rattan.
Pinanga paradoxa (Griff.) Scheff. var. paradoxa Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Clustered palm. Distribution. E Himalaya, China, Laos.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Habitat. Montane forest, at 1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Lowland to montane rainforest, 800-1,300 m alt.
Plectocomia pierreana Becc.
Habit. Clustering rattan.
88 1
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Loei Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Distribution. Endemic. Disporopsis longifolia Craib
Habitat. In open dry evergreen forest with bamboos and Habit. Herb.
lower montane scrub, 700-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao; NE: Loei; E:
Aspidistra subrotata Y. Wan & C.C. Huang var. crassinervis Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi.
(Tillich) Phonsena Distribution. Himalaya, S China, Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In lower montane and dry evergreen forests.
Region. NE: Loei Ophiopogon brevipes Craib
Distribution. Vietnam Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In open dry evergreen forest with bamboos and Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi.
lower montane scrub, 700-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Aspidistra sutepensis K. Larsen Habitat. In mixed deciduous and bamboo forests.
Habit. Perennial herb. Ophiopogon clarkei Hook.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. Northern.
Habitat. Lower montane oak and lower montane pine-oak Distribution. India, Sikkim, Himalaya.
forests, 1,400-1,700 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Uses. It is believed by hill tribes in Chiang Mai that a tonic
of this plant relieves back and waist pains. Ophiopogon confertifolius N. Tanaka
Habit. Herb.
Campylandra siamensis Yamashita & M.N. Tamura Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 500-600 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Ophiopogon intermedius D. Don
Habit. Herb.
Chlorophytum dolichocarpum M.N. Tamura Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China, Bangladesh, Himalaya, India, Nepal,
Region. NE: Loei. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In open pine and lower montane forests.
Habitat. On hard poor soil, dry deciduous forest.
Ophiopogon kradungensis M.N. Tamura
Chlorophytum intermedium Craib Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest, humus or sandy soil.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Ophiopogon malcolmsonii Royle ex Hook.f.
Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina.
Distribution. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Habitat. On sandy soil or limestone hill in montane forest.
Sri Lanka; tropical Africa, Australia.
Habitat. Shady places, rocky slopes; near sea level to 200 m. Ophiopogon marmoratus Pierre ex L. Rodr.
Habit. Herb.
Chlorophytum longissimum Ridl. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak;
Habit. Herb. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok;
Region. Peninsular. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. China, Indochina.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Along stream in evergreen forest or on rocky
Chlorophytum malayense Ridl. limestone hill.
Habit. Herb. Ophiopogon revolutus F.T. Wang & L.K. Dai
Region. Peninsular. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. China, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam. Region. Uncertain locality.
Habitat. Forests, thickets, hillsides along valleys; 400-1500 m. Distribution. China.
Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl. Habitat. Rainforests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, dense
Habit. Herb. or sparse forests; 500-1,900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Ophiopogon siamensis M.N. Tamura
Distribution. Africa, Asia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SW: Prachuap
Uses. Ornamental. Khiri Khan.
Chlorophytum simplex Craib Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Lower montane oak forest on humus or granite,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. limestone soils.
90 1
Distribution. SE Borneo. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, often in disturbed areas,
Burmannia oblonga Ridl. 600-900 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Centrolepidaceae
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. Hainan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatra. Centrolepis cambodiana Hance
Habitat. Pine forest, 1100-1300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Burmannia wallichii (Miers) Hook.f. Rayong, Trat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Open grassland, sandy soil, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. China, India, India, Cambodia, Myanmar,
Vietnam, Malaya Colchicaceae
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp oak forest, ca 1,000 m alt.
Disporum calcaratum D. Don
Geomitra clavigera Becc. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herb. Region. Chiang Mai, Tak.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Distribution. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Sikkim, Vietnam.
Habitat. In lowland forest on sandy soil covered by leaf Habitat. On sandy soil in lower montane and dry evergreen
litter, at ca 90 m alt. forests.
Thismia alba Holttum ex Jonker Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Songkhla. Region. Northern.
Distribution. Malaysia. Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China,
Habitat. On humus, under shade of bamboo, 300 m alt. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Thismia angustimitra Chantanaorr. Lesser Sunda Is., Sumatra.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herb. Habitat. On sandy soil in lower montane and pine-diptero-
Region. NE: Nong Khai. carp forests.
Distribution. Endemic. Gloriosa superba L.
Habitat. Sandysoil covered by leaitters in bamboo forest, Habit. Herb.
ca 200 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Thismia javanica J.J. Sm. Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China,
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Habitat. Forests, thickets; 900-1,300 m.
Phangnga. Iphigenia indica Kunth
Distribution. Indonesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. On humid soil in evergreen forest, lower altitude. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Thismia mirabilis K. Larsen E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Distribution. China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat. Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, N Australia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Pine forest, moist grasslands, open elds, to 2,100 m.
Habitat. Sandy soil near stream, in lowland evergreen
forest, ca 1,200 m alt. Commelinaceae
Aetheolirion stenolobium Forman
Cannaceae Habit. Perennial scandent herb.
Canna indica L. Region. N: Lampang, Phrae; NE: Khon Kaen; C: Saraburi;
Habit. Herb. SE: Chon Buri.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Distribution. Endemic to Thailand.
Distribution. South America, cultivated throughout the Habitat. Exposed areas in limestone forest, 250-600 m alt.
tropics. Amischotolype barbarossa Duist.
Uses. Edible rhizomes as medicine and cultivated for its Habit. Creeping herb.
starch and as an ornamental. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Carlemanniaceae Habitat. Evergreen forest, lighter shaded areas, on dry
Carlemannia tetragona Hook.f. sandy soil or wet places, to 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Amischotolype divaricata Duist.
Region. N: Nan. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. NE India, S China, Vietnam, Sumatra. Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Nakhon Nayok; E:
Habitat. Mountane forests, to 1,700 m alt. Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla.
Silvianthus tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Ridsd. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Sumatra.
Habit. Shrub. Habitat. Disturbed or bamboo forests, on damp or moist to
Region. N: Nan. marshy places near streams, 50-1,225 m alt.
92 1
Malaysia. Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden
Habitat. Open grassy or wet litter on sandstones in pine or Habit. Perennial herb.
mixed deciduous forests, 600-1,700 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Schult. & Schult.f. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malaysia, Java.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In lowland evergreen forest, exposed areas in
Region. All over the country. gallery forest, wet places in deciduous or bamboo forests,
Distribution. Africa, India, Himalaya. 50-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Common in open areas with high humus litter and Used. Edible.
wet rocks, 300-1,300 m alt. Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S. Rao & Kammathy
Dictyospermum conspicuum (Blume) J.K. Morton
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Laos, Vietnam,
Distribution. India, Himalaya, Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia. Habitat. Common in deciduous forest, 50-400 m alt.
Habitat. Exposed areas and gallery forests, 50-1,200 m alt. Murdannia macrocarpa D.Y. Hong
Dictyospermum ovatum Hassk. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei: E:
Region. All over the country. Chiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima,
Distribution. India, China, Vietnam. Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Exposed area and gallery forests, to 600 m alt. Distribution. China.
Habitat. In moist grassy, sandy open areas and pine forest,
Floscopa scandens Lour. 1,000-1,800 m alt.
Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. All over the country. Murdannia medica (Lour.) D.Y. Hong
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Bangladesh, Habit. Perennial herb.
China, Hong Kong, Myanmar, Loas, Vietnam, Malaysia, Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Australia. Ratchasima, Roi Et; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachinburi.
Habitat. Open areas in swampy, muddy grassland, gallery Distribution. China, Indochina.
forest and roadside ditches, 50-1,700 m alt. Habitat. In grassy, wet places on slopses and deciduous
forest, 150-400 m alt.
Murdannia clandestine (Ridl.) Faden
Habit. Annual herb. Murdannia nudiora (L.) Brenan
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Annual herb.
Distribution. Malaysia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Growing by edge of stream in gallery forest, Distribution. Pantropical.
300-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Common weed in open areas in deciduous forest,
grassland and rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Murdannia divergens (C.B. Clarke) G. Brckn.
Habit. Perennial herb. Murdannia pauciora (G. Brckn.) G. Brckn.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Khamphaeng Phet; Habit. Annual herb.
NE: Sakon Nakhon. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Myanmar. Distribution. India, Malaysia.
Habitat. Near small stems or wet grasslands in mixed Habitat. In open grassy and marshy ground near streams or
deciduous, pine or montane forests, 300-1,200 m alt. by the sea, to 1,300 m alt.
Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perrennial herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Region. All over the country.
Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Philippines.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habitat. Wet and open areas in deciduous forest, scrub or
Kanchanaburi. grasslands, 100-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Murdannia spirata (L.) G. Brckn.
Taiwan, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia, Timor, New Habit. Annual herb.
Guinea, Philippines. Region. N: Tak; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Surin; SE: Trat;
Habitat. Seasonal swampy soils in deciduous or oak-pine SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
forests, to 1,300 m alt. Distribution. America, India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China,
Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G. Brckn. Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Wet and sunny open areas, 50-500 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Murdannia vaginata (L.) G. Brckn.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, China, Myanmar, Habit. Perennial herb.
Indochina, Malaysia, Tropical Australia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Wet places in deciduous forest or marshes, moist Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Sikkim, China, Indochina,
open grasslands in lowlands to higher elevations, to Philippines.
1,400 m alt. Habitat. Weeds in marshy or wet areas in deciduous forest
94 1
Actinoschoenus thouarsii (Kunth) Benth. Region. E: Chaiyaphum.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Habitat. Stream sides in dry evergreen forests, 600-700 m alt.
Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla. Carex breviscapa C.B. Clarke
Distribution. Gabon, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Habit. Herb.
Vietnam, Cambodia, W Malesia. Region. NE: Loei; P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Wet and grassy places, rocky slopes, 300-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Taiwan, Ryuku Is,
Ascolepis dipsacoides (Schumach.) J. Raynal subsp. Malesia, N Australia.
siamensis (C.B. Clarke) J. Raynal Habitat. Wet areas on forest oor, 600-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex cataphyllodes Nelmes
Region. N: Chiang Mai; Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon Habit. Herb.
Nakhon. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. On wet ground in savanna, lake margins , river Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1,200-1,600 m alt.
banks, 100-450 m alt.
Carex commixta Steud.
Ascolepis pusilla Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Vietnam. Distribution. Sumatra, Java.
Habitat. Open, seasonally wet areas, 300 m alt. Habitat. Shady places in dry evergreen forest, 900-1,550 m alt.
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla subsp. afnis (Roth) Carex composita Boott
T. Koyama Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom. Distribution. India, Nepal.
Distribution. Afghanistan,Turkestan, N India, Indochina. Habitat. Mountain top, ca 2,300 m alt.
Habitat. Swampy areas, 200 m alt.
Carex condensata Nees
Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. India.
Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics; SE USA. Habitat. Grassy forest oors, 800-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. Open semi-dry glassy places, on dunes near sea;
savannah, on rock outcrops, to 1,000 m alt.
Carex continua C.B. Clarke
Habit. Herb.
Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. Region. N: Mai Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Habit. Herb. Uttaradit, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. India, S China, Malesia.
Distribution. Widespread in the Old World tropics. Habitat. Moist forest oors, 100-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet grassy places, wet rock outcrops, up to 1,300
m alt.
Carex craspedotricha Nelmes
Habit. Herb.
Bulbostylis puberula (Poir.) C.B. Clarke Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China.
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Satun, Habitat. Moist open ground, 1,300-1,600 m alt.
Songkhla, Pattani.
Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa, Asia.
Carex cruciata Vahl
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open semi-dry, glassy ground, often near coast.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Carex anomocarya Nelmes Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habit. Herb. Ratchasima; SE: Chanthabur, Trat; P: Trang.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. India to SW Japan, W Malesia.
Distribution. S China, Hainan, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java. Habitat. Grassy forest oors, 800-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,100-1,300 m alt.
Carex cryptostachys Brongn.
Carex baccans Nees Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei, Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat, Chanthaburi; C:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Saraburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Tak; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga. Distribution. SE China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia,
Distribution. India, Taiwan, Malesia. Australia.
Habitat. Open grassy slopes, scrub, forest margins, Habitat. Wet grassy forest oors, 50-1,200 m alt.
900-2,500 m alt.
Carex dimorpholepis Steud.
Carex blinii Lveill & Varriot Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
98 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai; C: Bangkok; SE: Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics.
Trat. Habitat. Wet grass lands, swamps, rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka. Cyperus platystylis R. Br.
Habitat. Wet grassy elds, rice-eld margins at low altitude. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus mollipes (C.B. Clarke) K. Schum. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Udon Thani;
Habit. Herb. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Phatthalung, Songkhla.
Region. NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Australia, Taiwan.
Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi. Habitat. Swamps, margins of pools, emergent with roots in
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India. mud, under 50 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas in mixed deciduous forest, 50-150 m alt. Cyperus procerus Rottb.
Cyperus niveus Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phayao, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kaen; E:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Chaiyaphum; C: Bangkok; SE: Chachoengsao; P: Phuket,
Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Khon Kaen; SW: Narathiwat.
Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Chai Nat. Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE
Distribution. Iran, tropical Africa, N India, S China, China, Taiwan, Malesia, Australia.
Indochina. Habitat. Swamps, wet places, brackish marshes, under 50 m
Habitat. Deciduous forest, bamboo groves, on limestone, to alt.
800 m alt. Cyperus pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth
Cyperus nutans Vahl var. nutans Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai; SW: Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Lop Buri, Saraburi, Habitat. Wet or swampy, wet forest oors, open pool
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Yala, Narathiwat. margins, ditches, rice elds, to 800 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Malesia. Cyperus radians Nees & Meyen ex Kunth
Habitat. Swamps, wet open places, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus nutans Vahl var. eleusinoides (Kunth) Haines Region. SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
Rayong; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Satun, Songkhla,
Habit. Herb. Pattani, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, SE China,
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Malesia, N Australia, Cyperus rotundus L.
Japan (Ryukyu Is). Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Swamps, wet open places, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Cyperus odoratus L. Distribution. Warmer regions of the world.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open or slightly shaded ground, up to 1,100 m alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; C: Bangkok. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.
Distribution. Pantropical, C Japan, rare in SE Asia, Malesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Wet or marshy, grassy places, waysides, rice elds, Region. P: Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
near coasts, at low altitude. Distribution. Tropical America & Africa; introduced
Cyperus ohwii Kk. elsewhere.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open grassy elds, river banks, 100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Cyperus squarrosus L.
Distribution. N India, N Japan, Indochina, Java. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Marshy places at low altitude. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri
Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeck. Khan.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Tropical & S Africa, S & SE Asia, N Australia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; S Canada, N Argentina.
NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; Habitat. Open wet grassy areas, over limestone, to 600 m
SW: Kanchanaburi. alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia. Cyperus stenophyllus J.V. Suringar
Habitat. Grasslands, deciduous forest, rice elds, 100-500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus papyrus L. Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Malesia, Solomon Is., Melanesia.
Region. Bangkok. Habitat. Wet to semi-dry grassy places, edges of deciduous
Distribution. Native to E Africa; widely cultivated. forests, up to 700 m alt.
Habitat. Wet swamps, margins of still or slow-moving Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.
water. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus pilosus Vahl Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri,
Habit. Herb. Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Songkhla,
Region. All over the country. Narathiwat.
100 1
Eleocharis spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult. Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Satun, Songkhla, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Moist grasslands on wet sea shore.
Distribution. Pantropical. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani
Habitat. Wet places with brackish or saline water. Habit. Herb.
Eleocharis tetraquetra Nees Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Habit. Herb. Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon
Region. Chiang Mai. Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Roi Et; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, NE China, Japan, Australia. Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Swampy or wet places, 1,000-2,200 m alt. Distribution. Warm temperate, tropical regions of the Old
World.
Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl Habitat. Wet places, weed in rice elds, 30-400 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin, Khon Kaen; SE: Fimbristylis brunneoides J. Kern
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia N Australia, S Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
China, the Ryukyu Is. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Open, wet or muddy places at low altitude. Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt.
Fimbristylis adenolepis J. Kern Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Vahl) Kunth
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Maha Sarakham; E: Region. Common throughout Region.
Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Malesia,
P: Surat Thani, Krabi. N Australia.
Distribution. Vietnam, W Malesia. Habitat. Swampy grasslands, wet oors of savannah forests,
Habitat. Open grasslands, shady areas in swamp, roadsides,- up to 1,300 m alt.
to 400 m alt. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. aestivalis Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; Nakhon Ratchasima, Roi Et; C: Lop Buri; P: Chumphon;
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; P: Surat Thani. Phangnga, Yala.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, China, Japan, Distribution. Pantropical, N Asia, Japan.
Malesia, N Australia. Habitat. Grassl, rice elds, seashores, cultivated ground, to
Habitat. Open wet places, rice elds, wet sandy shores of 1,300 m alt.
inl, lakes, low to medium altitude. Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br.
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. esquarrosa Habit. Herb.
(Makino) T. Koyama Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong,
Habit. Herb. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Trang,
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Chon Buri, Pattani.
Chanthaburi. Distribution. Pantropical.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia, New Zealand, Habitat. Open sandy or rocky places near sea.
Polynesia, S Korea, Japan. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma
Habitat. Open wet places.
Fimbristylis alboviridis C.B. Clarke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Very common All over the country.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; C: Bangkok. Distribution. Tropical, subtropical, warm-temperate regions
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines. worldwide.
Habitat. Dry grassy places at low altitude. Habitat. Grassy waysides, cultivated ground, rice elds, in
plantations, swamps, savannahs, up to 1,500 m alt.
Fimbristylis anisoclada Ohwi
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. podocarpa (Nees
Region. SE: Trat. & Meyen ex Nees) T. Koyama
Distribution. Vietnam, Java, Sulawesi. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open wet places, under 50 m alt. Region. C: Bangkok.
Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, India,
Habit. Herb. Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE China, Ryukyu Is, Malesia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Micronesia, N Australia.
Phayao. Habitat. Wet grasslands, wet waysides, in forest openings.
Distribution. India, Indochina, W Malesia. Fimbristylis dictyocolea S.T. Blake
Habitat. Open wet places, 300-1,500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia, New Guinea.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, C: Bangkok; P: Surat Thani, Habitat. Open or shaded wet places, at low altitude.
102 1
Fimbristylis nelmesii J. Kern Fimbristylis rigidula Nees
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet,
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Habitat. Wet sandy places. Distribution. N India, Nepal, the Philippines, S China.
Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl Habitat. Open grasslands, deciduous forests, 300-800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis salbundia (Nees) Kunth
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Surin; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Herb.
Surat Thani, Satun, Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. NE: Loei, Udon Thani.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, N Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malesia.
Australia, S China, Ryukyu Is. Habitat. Emergent herb in shallow water of swampy places,
Habitat. Wet grasslands, forest oors, rice elds, brackish up to 1,300 m alt.
marshes, up to 300 m alt. Fimbristylis savannicola J. Kern
Fimbristylis obtusata (C.B. Clarke) Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Yala. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Habitat. Savannah, 1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Grassy places, at low altitude. Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl
Fimbristylis ovata (Burm.f.) J. Kern Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Maha
Region. Common all over the country. Sarakham, Khon Kaen; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
Distribution. Pantropical in Asia to C Japan. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Habitat. Open grasslands, coastal rock outcrops, to 400 m Songkhla.
alt. Distribution. India, Malesia, N Australia, SE China, Taiwan.
Fimbristylis parvilenta T. Koyama Habitat. Grasslands, rice elds, forest oors, up to 700 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis sericea R. Br.
Region. E: Roi Et. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE:
Habitat. Wet places, in shallow water, ca 150 m alt. Rayong; P: Chumphon, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Fimbristylis pauciora R. Br. Distribution. India, Indochina, S China, Taiwan, Japan, W
Habit. Herb. Malesia, N Australia.
Region. N: Lampang; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Habitat. Sea-shores, on sandunes.
Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region. Fimbristylis sleumeri J. Kern
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Ryukyu Is, Malesia, Habit. Herb.
Caroline Is, Australia. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Wet grasslands, savannahs, forest oors, swamp Distribution. Endemic.
margins at low altitude. Habitat. Swampy grasslands, pine savannah, 1,300 m alt.
Fimbristylis phaeolepis J. Kern Fimbristylis smitinandii T. Koyama
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Sandy soil in savannah grasslands, to 1,300 m alt. Habitat. Sandy soil, edge of sand stone rocks, 100 m alt.
Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br. Fimbristylis spicigera J. Kern
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Samut Sakhon; SE: Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Pattani. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, S Asia, Malesia, N Australia. Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt.
Habitat. Open, moist, saline places, sandy ground near the Fimbristylis subalata J. Kern
sea, swampy areas, mangroves. Habit. Herb.
Fimbristylis prabatensis D.A. Simpson Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Indochina, New Guinea.
Region. NE: Udon Thani. Habitat. Savannah grasslands, below 10 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Fimbristylis straminea Turrill
Habitat. Over rocks on margin of dry deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Herb.
forest, ca 200 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; E: Loei.
Fimbristylis psammophila J. Kern Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Wet grassy places in forest, 350-1,100 m alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom. Fimbristylis tenuicula Boeck.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi.
104 1
Distribution. Native to Africa, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Pacic Is. Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien
Habitat. Open grassy places, 50 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Kyllinga triceps Rottb. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Herb. Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Nakon Distribution. Nicobar Is, Malesia, Solomon Is, New
Sakhon; E: Si Sa Ket; SW: Kanchanaburi. Hebrides.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Indochina, S China. Habitat. Evergreen forests, up to 300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet or semi-dry sandy ground, 100-500 m alt. Mapania enodis (Miq.) C.B. Clarke
Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Region. C: Bangkok; P: Chumphon; Phangnga, Nakhon Si Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Borneo.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE Habitat. Stream margins in evergreen forests, 50-100 m alt.
China, Malesia, Micronesia, Australia, New Caledonia, Mapania kurzii C.B. Clarke
Fiji. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Coastal , inl, swamp , swamp forest, to 100 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Songkhla.
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J. Kern Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forests, 100-900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Sakhon Nakhon, Mapania meditensis D.A. Simpson
Nakhon Phanom; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakon Ratchasima; P: Habit. Herb.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. The Old World tropics , subtropics. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Open marshy places, rice elds, wet soil in forest Habitat. Evergreen forest, 100 m alt.
clearings, to 1,800 m alt.
Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex Steud.) Fern. Vill. & Naves
Lipocarpha hemisphaerica (Roth) Goetgh. var. palustris
Habit. Herb. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Region. P: Trang, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Ratchasima. Distribution. Malesia, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India. Solomon Is, New Hebrides.
Habitat. On wet land, 300-400 m alt. Habitat. Wet areas in primary , secondary forest, 50-200 m alt.
Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex Steud.) Fern. Vill. & Naves
Habit. Herb. var. andamanica (C.B. Clarke) D.A. Simpson
Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; SE: Prachinburi.
Distribution. Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, S China, Myanmar, Habit. Herb.
Malesia, Australia. Region. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Wet grasslands, pond margins, river banks, rice Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Songhkla.
elds, up to 100 m alt. Distribution. Andaman Is, Peninsular Malaysia.
Lipocarpha pygmaea J. Kern Habitat. Wet evergreen forest, 100-400 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Mapania tenuiscapa C.B. Clarke
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Habit. Herb.
Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen. Region. E: Chanthaburi, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia. Surat Thani, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Open ground. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Lipocarpha sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth Philippines.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forests, up to 400 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. Pycreus diaphanus (Schrad. ex Roem. & Schultes)
Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Habitat. Open wet ground, margins of swamps, up to 100 m alt.
S. Hooper & T. Koyama
Habit. Herb.
Lipocarpha squarrosa (L.) Goetgh. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. C Asia, India, Nepal, W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon Habitat. Savanna, grassy forest oors, 50-1,300 m alt.
Nakhon, Maha Sarakham; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malaysia.
Pycreus avidus (Retz.) T. Koyama
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open, wet, sandy or clay soils, to 450 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae, Tak;
Mapania bancana (Miq.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D. Jackson NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; SW:
Habit. Herb. Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Old World tropic, temperate regions.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Habitat. Wet places, rice elds, margins of rivers, swamps,
Sulawesi, New Guinea. ponds, 100-1,700 m alt.
Habitat. Peatswamp forest, up to 10 m alt.
106 1
Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; C: Bangkok; SW: Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr.
Ratchaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Mediterranean region, Africa, India, Sri Region. P: Phangnga, Narathiwat.
Lanka, SE China, Malesia, N Australia. Distribution. Sri Lanka, N Australia, Polynesia.
Habitat. Marshy places, rice elds, up to ca 100 m alt. Habitat. Coastal swamp forest, behind mangroves.
Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Distribution. S Asia, S China, Malesia.
Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Songkhla. Habitat. Wet places in oak-laurel forest, to 1,700 m alt.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, China Japan, Indochina,
Malesia, Australia, Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaii.
Scirpus wichurai Boeck
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Fresh water places, rice elds, river banks, margins
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
of lakes, pools, swamps, up to 2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Japan.
Schoenoplectus littoralis (Schrad.) Palla subsp. subulatus Habitat. Forest swamps, river banks, marshy places,
(Vahl) T. Koyama 1,300-2,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Scleria benthamii C.B. Clarke
Region. SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Habit. Herb.
Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Australia, Ryukyu Distribution. India, Philippines , Australia.
Is., Micronesia. Habitat. Open forest, grasslands, 900-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Brackish water, in large communities.
Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla Scleria biora Roxb. subsp. biora
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Songkhla.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Distribution. India , Sri Lanka, S China, W Malesia.
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon Habitat. Wet grasslands, swamps, wet scrub, rice elds, up
Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat. to 900 m alt.
Distribution. S Europe, Africa, India, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Swamps, ditches, rice elds, open wet places, up to Scleria biora Roxb. subsp. ferruginea (Ohwi) J. Kern
2,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla subsp. lateriorus
Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
(J.F. Gmel.) Sojk Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Indochina, Ryukyu Is.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open, wet grassland at low altitude.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok; P: Phuket.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Taiwan, Malesia N Scleria ciliaris Nees
Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Wet places, rice elds, at low altitude. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Chanthaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Schoenus calostachyus (R. Br.) Poir. Distribution. Myanmar, SE China, Malesia, Australia,
Habit. Herb. Solomon Is.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Ranong. Surat Habitat. Forest oors, grasslands, up to 1,100 m alt.
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Narathiwat. Scleria corymbosa Roxb.
Distribution. Ryukyu Is., Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Habit. Herb.
Micronesia. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Songkhla.
Habitat. Grasslands, on podsolic, up to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE China, W
Malesia.
Schoenus falcatus R. Br. Habitat. Wet or swampy forest oors, open places, up to
Habit. Herb. 400 m alt.
Region. E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi;
C: Lop Buri, P: Surat Thani, Satun. Scleria kerrii Turrill
Distribution. Ryukyu Is., Malesia, N. Australia, Solomon Is. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Grasslands, river banks, sandy soil, up to 50 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak;
NE: Loei; P: Krabi; Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Schoenus punctatus R. Br. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Forests, 100-700 m alt.
Region. Peninsular.
Distribution. New Guinea, N Australia, Guam. Scleria levis Retz.
Habitat. Savannah forests. Habit. Herb.
Region. All over the country.
Schoenus smitinandii T. Koyama Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, C Japan, Malesia,
Habit. Herb. Australia, New Caledonia.
Region. E: Roi Et. Habitat. Grasslands, open forests, rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Wet ground, 150 m alt.
108 1
Trichophorum subcapitatum (Thwaites & Hook.) D.A. Distribution. China, Vietnam, Laos.
Simpson Habitat. Montane forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. The tuber is a source of a tannin.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Dioscorea collettii Hook.f.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Indochina, S China, Habit. Climber.
Taiwan, Malesia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Boggy places, wet rocks, streamsides, 1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China.
Tricostularia undulata (Thwaites) J. Kern Habitat. In open areas in montane forests, 1,450-1,500 m
Habit. Herb. alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Dioscorea craibiana Prain & Burkill
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Pattani. Habit. Climber.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, N Australia. Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet, Phrae; NE: Loei; E:
Habitat. Open forest, s,stone outcrops, to 1,500 m alt. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Chanthaburi.
Dioscoreaceae Distribution. Endemic.
Dioscorea alata L. Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests,
Habit. Herbaceous climber. often on limestone substrates, to 650 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Dioscorea daunea Prain & Burkill
Distribution. SE Asian origin, now pantropically cultivated Habit. Herbaceous climber.
for its tuber. Region. N: Lampang, Khamphaeng Phet; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Open degraded and disturbed areas, mixed Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; P:
deciduous, pine and dry evergreen forests, to 1,250 m alt. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Uses. Tubers are as an alternative starch source to rice. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang.
Dioscorea arachidna Prain & Burkill Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 1,400 m alt.
Region. Most regions, but rare in the peninsular. Uses. Tubers said to be edible when boiled or steamed
Distribution. NE India, Indochina. without pre-preparation other than peeling.
Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, also on limestone hill, to Dioscorea decipiens Hook.f.
1,250 m alt. Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Uses. Tubers and bulbils are may be eaten. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Dioscorea birmanica Prain & Burkill Distribution. S China, India, Myanmar, Laos.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, to 1,250 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Tak; Uses. Tubers edible.
Phitsanulok; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Dioscorea depauperata Prain & Burkill
Distribution. Myanmar, China. Habit. Climber.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, 50-600 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo.
Uses. Rhizomes are edible, very brous. Distribution. Laos.
Dioscorea brevipetiolata Prain & Burkill Habitat. Open vegetation on limestone, 100-500 m alt.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE & E Throughout the regions; Habit. Climber.
C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Distribution. Vietnam and Cambodia. Phitsanulok; NE: Nong Bua Lamphu, Mukdahan; E:
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous dipterocarp and mixed Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi; SE:
deciduous forests, mostly on sandstone, to 600 m alt. Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Tubers are edible. Distribution. SE Asian, New Guinea, Madagascar, Pacics.
Dioscorea bulbifera L. Habitat. Open and cultivated areas, to 500 m alt.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Uses. The tubers are edible.
Region. All over the country. Dioscorea liformis Blume
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia and Madagascar, Habit. Climber.
introduced to the New World. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit, Tak, Kamphaeng
Habitat. In old clearings and disturbed areas, to 1,400 m alt. Phet; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Mukdahan; E: Chaiyaphum;
Uses. Underground part is used as a food. Bulbils are used SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Sa
medicinally. Kaeo; P: Throghout the region.
Dioscorea calcicola Prain & Burkill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Habit. Climber. Philippines.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, sometimes in mixed
Distribution. Malaysia. deciduous forest, 100-1,650 m alt.
Habitat. On limestone, to 200 m alt. Uses. Tubers said to be edible when boiled or roasted.
Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour. Dioscorea garrettii Prain & Burkill
Habit. Climber. Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan, Lampang, Uttaradit.
110 1
Dioscorea pseudonitens Prain & Burkill Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Lampang. Habitat. Evergreen forest, often on the banks of watercours-
Distribution. Endemic. es, to 500 m alt.
Habitat. Montane pine forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Uses. Fruits edible and as medicinal.
Dioscorea pseudotomentosa Prain & Burkill Dracaenaceae
Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Region. C: Saraburi. Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Open forest and scrub on limestone, 100-200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; E: Si Sa Ket; SW:
Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Dioscorea pyrifolia Kunth Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to N Australia.
Habit. Climber. Habitat. Lower montane rain forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Narathiwat. tropical rain forest, 70-1,700 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, swampy areas, to 700 m alt. Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep.
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea rockii Prain & Burkill Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Habit. Climber. Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phayao, Distribution. S China to Indochina.
Nan, Uttaradit. Habitat. Limestone hill.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt. Dracaena cantleyi Baker
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea scortechinii Prain & Burkill Region. Unknown locality
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Region. N: Nan, Uttaradit; SW: Phetchaburi. Habitat. Limestone hill.
Distribution. China, N Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra. Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, 700-1,200 m alt. Habit. Treelike or shrub.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chon Buri.
Dioscorea stemonoides Prain & Burkill Distribution. China, Indochina.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 50-1,700 m alt.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Saraburi. Dracaena conferta Ridl.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Tree or shrub.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone, 200-400 m alt. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaeo; P: Satun.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Dioscorea tamarisciora Prain & Burkill Habitat. Freshwater swamp forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Herbaceous climber. tropical rain forest, 0-1,200 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Distribution. Malaysia. Dracaena elliptica Thunb. & Dalm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest at low altitude. Habit. Shrub.
Region. P: Trang.
Dioscorea tentaculigera Prain & Burkill Distribution. China, Assam, Bangladesh, Andaman Is.,
Habit. Climber. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaya,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi. Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-700 m alt.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,100-1,600 m alt.
Dracaena grifthii Regel
Dioscorea velutipes Prain & Burkill Habit. Shrub.
Habit. Climber. Region. Unknown locality.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, on limestone, 1,600-
1,900 m alt. Dracaena hokouensis G.Z.Ye
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea wallichii Hook.f. Region. Unknown locality.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Distribution. China to Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Habitat. Not recorded.
Lampang, Phitsanulok, Uttaradit, Tak; NE: Phetchabun,
Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Dracaena jayniana Wilkin & Suksathan
Krabi. Habit. Shrub.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Lop Buri.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests, Distribution. Endemic.
500-1,050 m alt. F Habitat. On limestone karsts, usually on hilltops rather than
the steep cliff sides, 300-500 m alt.
Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn.
Habit. Climber. Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan
Habit. Shrub.
112 1
Eriocaulon kradungse Satake Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Distribution. Endemic.
Ratchasima, Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places or near
Distribution. India, Indochina. paddy elds.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Eriocaulon phuphanense Praj. & J. Parn.
rocky ground, by streams, 350-1,300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon minimum Lam. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 210-600 m alt.
Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani. Eriocaulon phuphanoides Praj. & J. Parn.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E:
rocky ground, by streams, 150-1,300 m alt. Ubon Ratchathani.
Eriocaulon nakayense T. Koyama Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Common on the borders of barren sandstone rocks
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Kalasin; E: or sandy soils, open marshy places, 210-1,000 m alt.
Ubon Ratchathani. Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. subsp. longibracteatum
Distribution. Indochina, Philippines.
Praj. & J. Parn.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil,
Habit. Herb.
rocky ground, by streams, 250-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei, Sakon
Eriocaulon nautiliformoides Praj. & J. Parn. Nakhon, Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Habitat. Common on sandy soils in open marshy places,
Distribution. Endemic. 100-900 m alt.
Habitat. On the borders of barren sandstone rocks or paddy
elds, in open marshy places, on sandy soil, deciduous
Eriocaulon setaceum L.
Habit. Herb.
dipterocarp forest, 150-500 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Eriocaulon nautiliformoides Praj. & J. Parn. var. Ubon Ratchathani.
hexagynum Praj. & Chantar. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China, Japan,
Habit. Herb. Indochina, Malesia, N Australia.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. In ponds, streams, rocky grounds, grasslands,
Distribution. Indochina. sandy soil, 600-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet places by streams, grasslands, sandy soil, Eriocaulon sexangulare L. var. australe (R. Br.) Praj. & J. Parn.
1,100-1,300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon nepalense Prescott & Bong var. luzulifolium Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Trang, Songkhla.
(Mart.) Praj. & J. Parn. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China, Japan,
Habit. Herb. Indochina, Malesia, N Australia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok; NE: Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, to 400 m alt.
Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chiayaphum, Ubon Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke
Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Paddy elds, open marshy places, or on the edges Distribution. Endemic.
of streams, 200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Wet lands, grasslands, sandy soil, 1,100-1,300 m alt.
Eriocaulon nortiliforme Lecomte Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke var. hexagynum Praj. & Chantar.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Surin; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, sandy soil, 100 m alt. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, and
Eriocaulon parnellii Praj. & Chantar. deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Habit. Herb. Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke var. macrophyllum Praj.
Region. NE: Loei. & J. Parn.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 1,300 m. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Eriocaulon phatamense Praj. & Chantar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places in pine
Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon Ratchathani. deciduous dipterocarp forest, 1,000-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Eriocaulon smitinandii Moldenke
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 150 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon phuchongense Praj. & Chantar. Region. NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Ubon
Ratchathani.
114 1
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Habitat. Sublittoral zone at the lowest tides to depth of 5 m.
Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW: Ratchaburi. Hypoxidaceae
Distribution. Almost cosmopolitan. Curculigo ensifolia R.Br.
Habitat. Fresh or brackish waters of lakes, streams, rivers, Habit. Herb.
rice elds, to 2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; E:
Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Distribution. India, China, Japan, Australia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Ang Habitat. In deciduous forest, to 1,000 m alt.
Thong, Saraburi. Curculigo latifolia Dryand et Ait.
Distribution. S & SE Asia, Indonesia, New Guinea, N Habit. Herb.
Australia. Region. P: Chumphon, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani.
Habitat. Ponds, lakes, streams, to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Najas graminea Delile var. graminea Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, to 150 m alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Cucurligo megacarpa Ridl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Habit. Herb.
Phangnga Region. E: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. North America, Africa, throughout Asia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Habitat. Evergreen or scrub forests, to 500 m alt.
elds, to 300 m alt.
Cucurligo orchioides Gaertn.
Najas kingii Rendle Habit. Herb.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Si Sa Ket; C:
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok. Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; SW:
Distribution. India, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines. Kanchanaburi; P: Songkhla.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, China, Cambodia, Indonesia,
elds, to 500 m alt. Philippines.
Najas malesiana W.J. de Wilde Habitat. In deciduous forests, at low alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Curculigo villosa (Kurz) Ridl.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. S & SE Asia, Australia. Region. P: Phuket, Trang, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Distribution. Malaysia.
elds, to 800 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen or scrub forests, to 200 m alt.
Najas minor Allioni Hypoxis aurea Lour.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; E:
Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia. Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Habitat. Fresh to brackish water aquatic of lakes, streams, Trang.
rivers, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Distribution. India, China, Japan, Malaysia.
Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb. ex Wight) Thwaites Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 2,000 m alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.
Region. C: Pathum Thani . Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Sudan, Yemen, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi;
SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Nakhon
Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Stream, sea level. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, China, Taiwan, Vietnam,
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Papua New
Habit. Aquatic herb. Guinea.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Evergreen forest, also on limestones, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, S Molineria nlaysoniana Baker
China, Korea, Japan, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Lakes, streams, diches, permanent pools, weeds in Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak,
rice elds, to 1,200 m alt. Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Nongkhai, Loei; SW:
Ottelia cordata (Wall.) Dandy Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Satun.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen. Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, to 750 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, SE China, Cambodia. Molineria gracilis Kurz
Habitat. Lakes, ponds, slowly owing rivers, to 2,000 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Nepal, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines.
Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi. Habitat. In dry evergreen forest, 350-400 m alt.
Distribution. Throughout Indian Ocean to Australia.
116 1
Marantaceae Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Donax canniformis (G. Forster) K. Schum. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Region. All over the country.
Borneo.
Distribution. From India, Indochina, Malesia, the Pacic
Habitat. Lowland exposed swampy areas by ponds or rivers
islands.
Uses. Root used to cure neuritis; stem used to weave mats
Habitat. Common in lowland primary and secondary forest,
and used together with Nypa palm leaves for making
often along streams, to 1,000 m alt.
roofs.
Uses. Pseudostem used to weave mats, hats, baskets, shing
traps, leaves used for foods wrapping. Stachyphrynium latifolium (Blume) K. Schum.
Habit. Herb.
Halopegia blumei (Krn.) K. Schum. Region. P: Phuket, Trang, Surat Thani, Phatthalung,
Habit. Herb.
Songkla, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok,
Distribution. Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia.
Kamphaeng Phet; E: Yasothon; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest in light shade.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Stachyphrynium longispicatum Suksathan & Borchs.
sometimes forming large colonies in marshy exposed areas.
Phrynium hainanense T.L. Wu & S.J. Chen Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Pangnga,
Region. N: Tak. Surat Thani.
Distribution. SE China, N Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In swampy exposed or light shaded areas next to Habitat. Bamboo and lowland secondary forests, to 400 m
stream in primary forest or disturbed forest, 800-900 m alt. alt.
118 1
Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Trang, Aerides krabiensis Seidenf.
Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi.
Cambodia, Malaya, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Philippines, Sulawesi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, hill evergreen and mixed deciduous
forests, to 1,200 m alt.
Aerides multiora Roxb.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Acriopsis liliifolia (J. Koenig) Seidenf. Region. widely distributed.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Andamans, Indochina.
widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen,
Distribution. India to NW Pacic. mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp forest, to
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen 1,000 m alt.
and mixed deciduous forests, to 1,700 m alt.
Aerides odorata Lour.
Acrochaene punctata Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. widely distributed.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Andamans, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo,
Habitat. Lower montane scrub, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Adenoncos major Ridl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. deciduous forests, to 1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Aerides rosea Lodd. ex Lindl. & Paxton
Yala. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Distribution. E India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Adenoncos parviora Ridl. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si 500-1,000 m alt.
Thammarat. Agrostophyllum brevipes King & Pantl.
Distribution. West Malesia, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Adenoncos sumatrana J.J. Sm. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Laos.
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, lower
Trang, Yala, Narathiwat. montane scrub forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. West Malesia, Sumatra. Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Adenoncos vesiculosa Carr Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. E India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,800 m alt.
Thammarat, Trang. Agrostophyllum longifolium (Blume) Rchb.f.
Distribution. Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt. Region. P: Songkhla, Pattani.
Aerides crassifolia C.S.P. Parish ex Burb. Distribution. Borneo, Java, Malaya, Moluccas, Sulawesi
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. ans Sumatra.
Region. widely distributed except PEN. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Agrostophyllum majus Hook.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
and mixed deciduous forests, 100-1,500 m alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Aerides falcata Lindl. & Paxton Distribution. Borneo, Malaya, Sumatra, Solomon Is.,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Vanuatu.
Region. widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-800 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Indochina. Agrostophyllum planicaule (Wall. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen
and mixed deciduous forests, to 1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Aerides houlletiana Rchb.f. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Region. NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Phangnga, Satun.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
200-1,000 m alt.
120 1
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Chumphon, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Surat Thani, Pattani. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. Thailand to W. Malesia. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
100-1,200 m alt. evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Appendicula hexandra (J. Knig) J.J. Sm. Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Satun. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Appendicula pendula Blume evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt.
Habit.Epiphytic orchid. Ascocentrum curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang, Pattani. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. India, Myanmar.
800-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Appendicula reexa Blume evergreen forest, 200-900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascocentrum garayi Christenson
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Taiwan, Indochina to W Pacic. Region. Exact locality unknown.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Appendicula undulata Blume Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 0-1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunda Is., Sumatra, Philippines. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-300 m alt. Distribution. India, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Arachnis os-aeris (L.) Rchb.f. Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest dry evergreen forest,
Region. P: Chumphon, Phatthalung. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Sunda Is., Sumatra, Philippine. Ascocentrum semiteretifolium Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. NE India.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Nan; NE: Phetchabun; SE: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-1,900 m alt.
Chanthaburi. Ascochilopsis myosurus (Ridl.) Carr
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. P: Chumphon.
mixed deciduous forest. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Arachnis limax Seidenf. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascochilus nitidus Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, upper montane forest, Distribution. Endemic.
1,200-2,200 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Armodorum siamense Schltr. 100-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascochilus siamensis Ridl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Trang, Satun.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,750 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Arundina caespitosa Aver. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Biermannia ciliata (Ridl.) Garay
Region. NE: Buengkan, Nakhon Phanom. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok.
forest, 200-300 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
300-800 m alt.
122 1
Bulbophyllum albidostylidium Seidenf. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl.
Region. Without locality. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. India, E Himalaya.
Bulbophyllum alcicorne C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum bittnerianum Schltr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phangnga. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. S China.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. 500-1,000 m alt.
Bulbophyllum angusteovatum Seidenf. Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Distribution. Endemic. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt. Phangnga.
Bulbophyllum annandalei Ridl. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Malaysia.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300 m to high altitude. hill evergreen forest; 0-1,300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum apiferum Carr Bulbophyllum brevistylidium Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular alt.Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. Bulbophyllum capillipes C S. P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E:
Distribution. NE to India SW Pacic. Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
100-900 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Spreng.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Trang, Satun. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Philippines. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl.
Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. piphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E:
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Distribution. Myanmar, Java, Sumatra. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Trang, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt. Distribution. Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Bulbophyllum biorum Teijsm. & Binn. Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea to W
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Pacic.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt.
Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Bulbophyllum comosum Collett & Hemsl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum biseriale Carr Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-1,900 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum bisetoides Seidenf. Region. P: Ranong.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.
Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
124 1
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Bulbophyllum gymnopus Hook.f. Distribution. India, E Himalaya, S China, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,900 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Bulbophyllum lanuginosum J.J. Verm.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Region. From market.
Bulbophyllum gyrochilum Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Bulbophyllum lasiochilum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. NE India, S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum hanifi Carr Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon,
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong, Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Peninsular Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Malaysia. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Bulbophyllum laxiorum (Blume) Lindl.
Bulbophyllum helenae (Kuntze) J.J. Sm. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous hill Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines.
evergreen forest, 600-2,300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum hirtulum Ridl. Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides Rolfe
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Region. E: Chaiyaphum; P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Distribution. Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry deciduous
dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-800 m alt.
Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum lemniscatum C.S.P. Parish ex Hook.f.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Kanchanaburi. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt.
evergreen forest, 500-1,300 m alt. Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl. ex Wall.
Bulbophyllum hymenanthum Hook.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Vietnam, Borneo. Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m
Bulbophyllum intricatum Seidenf. Bulbophyllum lilacinum Ridl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei. Region. P: Satun.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Bangladesh, Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Bulbophyllum kanburiense Seidenf. Bulbophyllum limbatum Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; Region. P: Ranong, Narathiwat.
NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Bulbophyllum lindleyanum Griff.
evergreen forest, 700-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum khaoyaiense Seidenf. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt.
Distribution. S China. Bulbophyllum longibracteatum Seidenf.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum khasyanum Griff. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Laos.
126 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Distribution. NE India, S China, Myanmar, Taiwan,
Distribution. Endemic. Vietnam.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Hook.f. Bulbophyllum penicillium C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Region. SW: probably Kanchanaburi.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong. Distribution. Bhutan, Myanmar.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Cambodia, Habitat. Not recorded.
Laos, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum peninsulare Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Satun.
Bulbophyllum orectopetalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Ubon 0-1,100 m alt.
Ratchathani; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Bulbophyllum phayamense Seidenf.
Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phangnga, Satun. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Borneo. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-50 m alt.
0-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum physocoryphum Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum orientale Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt. Bulbophyllum picturatum (Lodd.) Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Blume) Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak (Umphang). Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Distribution. S China, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,300 m alt. Bulbophyllum planibulbe (Ridl.) Ridl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum ovatum Seidenf. Region. P: Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fprest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800 to high altitude. Bulbophyllum polliculosum Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum pallidum Seidenf. Region. P: Trang.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fprest; 50-300 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,600 m alt. Bulbophyllum polyrrhizum Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum parviorum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: 500-1,300 m alt.
Phetchaburi.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum polystictum Ridl.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
forest, hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt. Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Bulbophyllum patens King ex Hook.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Bulbophyllum proboscideum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. &
Narathiwat. Smitinand
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sumatra. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Bulbophyllum pectinatum Finet
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum propinquum Kraenzl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
128 1
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,750 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum siamense Rchb.f. Region. NE: Beung Kan.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
NE: Phetchabun, Loei;E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: forest, 100-300 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Bulbophyllum sukhakulii Seidenf.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Peninsular Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Not recorded.
0-1,500 m alt. Bulbophyllum sulcatum (Blume) Lindl.
Bulbophyllum sicyobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; P: Ranong, Satun. Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Lesser Sunda Is.
evergreen forest, 50-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt.
Bulbophyllum sillemianum Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. & Smitinand
Region. SW: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Kra Chan). Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Distribution. S China, Laos.
Bulbophyllum simplicilabellum Seidenf. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt. Chaiyaphum; SW: Prachuap Khira Khan; P: Chumphon,
Bulbophyllum smitinandii Seidenf. & Thorut Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-900 m alt. evergreen forest, 50-1,200 m alt.
Bulbophyllum spathulatum (Rolfe ex E.W. Cooper) Seidenf. Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume) Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
700-1,500 m alt. 0-700 m alt.
Bulbophyllum stenobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum thaiorum J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-600 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum stenophyllum Ridl. Bulbophyllum tortuosum (Blume) Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Chumphon. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Thammarat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New
Bulbophyllum striatum (Griff.) Rchb.f. Guinea, Solomon Is.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, S China, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum tricorne Seidenf. & Smitinand
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,350-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Mukdahan; SW:
Bulbophyllum suavissimum Rolfe Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Cambodia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan; E: Nakhon Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. 300-800 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,700 m alt. Bulbophyllum tricornoides Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum subtenellum Seidenf. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Phetchaburi.
130 1
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 800-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f. evergreen forest, 500-1,200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Thammarat, Pattani. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, Distribution. Africa, Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Java, Philippines. evergreen forest, 100-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames
evergreen forest, 700-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Calanthe odora Griff. Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. W Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; Asia to Pacic.
SE: Trat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, China, mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 200-1,400 m alt.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Calanthe vestita Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,100 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Calanthe puberula Lindl. Region. NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi;
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Satun.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, S China, Vietnam. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,100 m alt. Moluku, Philippines, New Guinea.
Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Yala. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Philippines. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt.
Calanthe rosea (Lindl.) Benth. Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lindl.) Ormerod
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid, lithophytic Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
orchid. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Region. N: Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; SW: Uthai Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Distribution. Myanmar. Laos, Vietnam, Maluku and Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,400 m alt.
evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt. Ceratostylis ampullacea Kraenzl.
Calanthe rubens Ridl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasiam; C: Saraburi; SE: Pattani.
Prachinburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. 900-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-800 m alt. Ceratostylis pleurothallis (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.)
Calanthe simplex Seidenf. Seidenf.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Distribution. China. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,900 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Calanthe speciosa (Blume) Lindl. Ceratostylis radiata J.J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. Peninsular. Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Hong Kong to Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sumatra.
Sulawesi, Philippines. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Ceratostylis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie
Calanthe succedanea Gagnep. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
132 1
Chroniochilus virescens (Ridl.) Holttum Cleisostoma chantaburiense Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Trang, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Chrysoglossum ornatum Blume Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. 200-700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Cleisostoma complicatum (Seidenf.) Garay
Ratchasima; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Nepal to SW Pacic. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
evergreen forest, 700-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest.
Claderia viridiora Hook.f. Cleisostoma crochetii (Guillaumin) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE:
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Prachin Buri.
Sulawesi. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Cleisomeria lanatum (Lindl.) Lindl. ex G. Don deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 300-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Cleisostoma discolor Lindl.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Krabi, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; C: Nakhon
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Satun, Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Cambodia, Vietnam,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Cleisomeria pilosulum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. & Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Cleisostoma duplicilobum (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nakhon Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phanom, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Yasothon, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon
Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. NE India, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Sumatra,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Philippines.
evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 200-1,500 m alt.
Cleisostoma arietinum (Rchb.f.) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Cleisostoma liforme (Lindl.) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phayao, Phrae, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok.
Nakhon, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China,
Trang. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Cambodia. Laos, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. evergreen forest, 500-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Cleisostoma fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,100 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cleisostoma aspersum (Rchb.f.) Garay Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan;
Region. P: Ranong. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 10-600 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, dry
deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Cleisostoma birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat. Cleisostoma kerrii Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,400 m alt. Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Endemic.
Cleisostoma capricorne (Ridl.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang, Pattani. Cleisostoma krabiense (Seidenf.) Garay
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Region. P: Krabi.
134 1
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima;
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. SW: Uthai Thani, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos, Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-2,300 m alt. Vietnam
Coelogyne accida Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-2,100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Coelogyne pulverula Teijsm. & Binn.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. P: Krabi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Vietnam. Moluccas.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-2,300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Coelogyne huettneriana Rchb.f. 750-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Coelogyne quadratiloba Gagnep.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. 400-1,000 m alt.
Region. NE: Uttaradit (Phu Soi Dao). Coelogyne radicosa Ridl.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-2,000 m alt. Region. P: Pattani, Yala.
Coelogyne lentiginosa Lindl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; 1,000-1,800 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ranong. Coelogyne rigida C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat
600-1,600 m alt. Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Coelogyne longipes Lindl. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese
Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-2,500 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,
Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D. Don) Lindl. Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Philippines.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Nan. near sea level to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Nepal to China and Indochina. Coelogyne schilleriana Rchb.f. & K. Koch
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Tak; NE: Loei, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Coelogyne schultesii S.K. Jain & S. Das
Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Nakhon Si
evergreen forest, 350-1,700 m alt. Thammarat, Krabi.
Coelogyne pallens Ridl. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,500 m alt.
SW: Phetchaburi. Coelogyne septemcostata J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.
evergreen forest, 300-1,900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
136 1
Crepidium godefroyi (Rchb.f.) Szlach. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan, Kamphaeng Phet; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Distribution. Cambodia. Crepidium prasinum (Ridl.) Szlach.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Crepidium khasianum (Hook.f.) Szlach. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. India, Nepal, S China. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,900-2,000 m alt. Crepidium purpureum (Lindl.) Szlach.
Crepidium klimkoanum Marg. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Vietnam,
Distribution. Endemic. Philippines.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Not recorded.
Crepidium luniferum (J.J. Sm.) Szlach. Cryptopylos clausus (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Sumatra. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
Crepidium mackinnonii (Duthie) Szlach. Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong,
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Yala, Narathiwat.
600-1,200 m alt. Distribution. Tropical & Subtropical Asia to SW Pacic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Crepidium macrochilum (Rolfe) Szlach. evergreen forest, 700-1,800 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh,
Crepidium merapiense (Schltr.) Szlach. Myanmar, Andaman Is., China, Cambodia, Laos,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Vietnam, Peninsula Malaysia, Java, Sumatra.
Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Distribution. Sumatra.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
0-1,000 m alt.
Crepidium octodentatum (Seidenf.) Szlach. Cymbidium atropurpureum (Lindl.) Rolfe
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Region. P: Narathiwat, Satun.
SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen fores, 0-300 m alt.
0-300 m alt.
Crepidium orbiculare (W.W. Sm. & Jeffrey) Seidenf.
Cymbidium bicolor Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit,
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E:
Distribution. China, Vietnam.
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,700 m alt.
Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si
Crepidium ovalisepalum (J.J. Sm.) Szlach. Thammarat, Trang.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Distribution. S China, Sumatra. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Crepidium perakense (Ridl.) Szlach. evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi.
Crepidium polyodon (Hook.f.) Szlach. Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
138 1
Dendrobium aciculare Lindl. Sukhothai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Khai; E:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C:
Region. SE: Prachin Buri; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Dendrobium acinaciforme Roxb. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,500 m alt.
Lamphun, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E:
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Peninsular Malaysia, Moluku. Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Vietnam.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-2,100 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt.
Dendrobium aduncum Lindl. Dendrobium bensoniae Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. N: without specic lolcality; P: Lower Siam.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt. Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl.
Dendrobium albosanguineum Lindl. & Paxton Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Dendrobium bifarium Lindl.
700-1000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Rchb.f. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Moluku, Sumatra.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, 250-1,200 m alt.
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat. Dendrobium bilobulatum Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Krabi, Narathiwat.
Sunda Is., Philippines, New Guinea. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-2,100 m alt. 250-500 m alt.
Dendrobium anceps Sw. Dendrobium blumei Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java.
Is., Nicobar Is., Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
300-500 m alt. Dendrobium brevimentum Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium angulatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 620 m alt.
Phangnga.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam. Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-500 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Chaiyaphum.
Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Dendrobium calicopis Ridl.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunda Is., Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea. Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Nakhon Si
Thammarat.
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fisch. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, 20-1,400 m alt.
140 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-1,500 Dendrobium devonianum Paxton
m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos,
SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Surat Thani, Satun. Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Vietnam, Borneo. evergreen forest, 300-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Dendrobium dickasonii L.O. Williams
mixed deciduous forest, 50-1,000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium curviorum Rolfe Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar. Dendrobium dixanthum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium cuspidatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
200-500 m alt. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt.
Dendrobium dantaniense Guillaumin Dendrobium dixonianum Rolfe ex Downie
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; Region. N: Chiang Mai.
NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-1,800 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,800 m alt. Dendrobium draconis Rchb.f.
Dendrobium delacourii Guillaumin Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Nakhon Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Udon
Phanom, Mukdahan, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Uthai Thani, Ratchaburi; SE: Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Prachin Buri. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry Vietnam.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 20-800 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Dendrobium deltatum Seidenf. deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 200-1,500 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Dendrobium elliottianum P. OByrne
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Laos. Region. Cultivated plant (probably from the Burmese
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, border).
200-800 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Dendrobium denneanum Kerr Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Phanom. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon
Laos, Vietnam. Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket;
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Dendrobium densiorum Lindl. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam,
Region. N: High elevations near the Burmese border; E: Borneo.
Chaiyaphum. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Hainan, Laos, Vietnam. hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. Dendrobium erostelle Seidenf.
Dendrobium denudans D. Don Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Nan. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Nepal, E Himalaya. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
142 1
Dendrobium henryi Schltr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium indragiriense Schltr.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f. Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-2,100 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Dendrobium intricatum Gagnep.
Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: without Region. SE: Trat.
locality; P: Phangnga. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
600-1,600 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China,
Dendrobium hymenanthum Rchb.f. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Satun.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Dendrobium kanburiense Seidenf.
Borneo, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Endemic.
Dendrobium hymenopterum Hook.f. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 300-500 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Dendrobium keithii Ridl.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Dendrobium incurvum Lindl. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi?, Trang.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Satun. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Dendrobium kentrophyllum Hook.f.
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Sakon Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang , Satun.
Nakhon. Distribution. E Himalaya, Laos, Peninsular Malsaysia,
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Borneo, Sumatra.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
500-1,100 m alt. Dendrobium kontumense Gagnep.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. lampangense Region. NE: Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon
Rolfe Ratchathani.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lampang, Tak, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Phitsanulok; NE: Nakhon Phanom. forest, 200-300 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Dendrobium kratense Kerr
400-700 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. pallidum Thani, Phangnga.
Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-300 m alt.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Dendrobium lagarum Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
144 1
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Dendrobium perpaulum Seidenf.
Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-2,000 m alt.
pine forest, 0-800 m alt.
Dendrobium planibulbe Lindl.
Dendrobium palpebrae Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Nan; NE: Nakhon Phanom; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra,
SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat. Philippines.
Distribution. Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Laos, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Dendrobium pandaneti Ridl. Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. P: Phangnga, Trang. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Andaman Is.,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Dendrobium panduriferum Hook.f. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl.
Region. N: Chumphon, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Phetchaburi; P: Krabi.
Dendrobium parciorum Rchb.f. ex Lindl. Distribution. Nepal, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Nan, Phitsanulok. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,000 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, S China, Laos, Dendrobium praecinctum Rchb.f.
Vietnam, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 500-800 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, S China.
Dendrobium parcum Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Nakhon Dendrobium proteranthum Seidenf.
Phanom; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
400-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Dendrobium parishii Rchb.f. Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. ex Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi. NE: Phetchabun,Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi;
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, C: Saraburi; P: Trang.
S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
evergreen forest, 250-1,700 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,500 m alt.
Dendrobium parvum Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium pycnostachyum Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-900 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Dendrobium peguanum Lindl. 500-1,100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Dendrobium rhodostele Ridl.
Distribution. India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Dendrobium pendulum Roxb. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang. Dendrobium salaccense (Blume) Lindl.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon
146 1
Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
evergreen forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium williamsonii Day & Rchb.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: no specic localily.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Dendrobium trinervium Ridl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium xanthophlebium Lindl.
Region. P: Phangnga, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Dendrobium truncatum Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium ypsilon Seidenf.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. P: Phatthalung.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Distribution. Endemic.
Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt. Dendrochilum pallidiavens Blume
Dendrobium umbonatum Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Krabi, Songkhla, Yala.
Region. P: Trat. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Distribution. Vietnam. Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. Dendrochilum viride Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-350 m alt.
Dendrobium uniorum Griff. Didymoplexiella ornata (Ridl.) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. P: Pattani. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga, Yala,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Narathiwat.
Sumatra, Sulawesi. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 150-400 m alt.
Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. & Binn. Didymoplexiella siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Ranong. Buengkan.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
300-700 m alt. 500-1,000 m alt.
Dendrobium villosulum Wall. ex Lindl. Didymoplexiella trichechus (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. P: Ranong. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Distribution. Sumatra
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 150-500 m alt.
Dendrobium viridulum Ridl. Didymoplexiopsis khiriwongensis Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. P: Phangnga. Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Si Thammarat, Satun.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam.
Dendrobium wardianum R. Warner Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 700-1,100 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Didymoplexis exipes J.J. Sm.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Vietnam. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,900 m alt. Distribution. Java.
Dendrobium wattii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
150 1
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, Eria pulchella Lindl.
200-250 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Eria oblitterata (Blume) Rchb.f. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Pattani, Yala. Sulawesi, Sumatra.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 500 m alt.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is. Eria pusilla (Griff.) Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
600-900 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Eria ochracea Rolfe Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Satun. Eria robusta (Blume) Lindl.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. P: Pattani.
Eria ornata (Blume) Lindl. Distribution. S Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, W Pacic.
Region. P: Krabi, Surat Thani, Satun. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Distribution. Boneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Eria siamensis Schltr.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
200-450 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Eria pachystachya Lindl. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Krabi.
Region. P: Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Distribution. Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, 600-1,500 m alt.
700-1,300 m alt. Eria simplex Seidenf.
Eria paniculata Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Distribution. Endemic.
Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, 450-900 m alt.
China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Eria spicata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz.
Borneo. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
600-1,500 m alt. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Eria pannea Lindl. Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. Widely distributed. 300-2,100 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Laos, Eria sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
evergreen forest, 800-1,800 m alt. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Eria pellipes Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Eria tenuiora Ridl.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-500 m alt. Region. SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Trang, Krabi.
Eria perpusilla S.C.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 600 m alt.
P: Ranong. Eria tomentosa (J. Knig) Hook.f.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW:
near sea level to 800 m alt. Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani,
Eria pilifera Ridl. Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evegreen forest, dry evergreen forest, near sea level to 200 m alt.
100-1,000 m alt.
152 1
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Phangnga, Pattani.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
450-1,100 m alt. Sumatra, New guinea, Solomon Is., N Queensland..
Eulophia promensis Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Flickingeria mbriata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos. Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 650 m alt. Nayok; SW: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Trang, Yala.
Eulophia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Nicobar Is.,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Andaman Is., S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket. Sulawesi, Philippines.
Distribution. S China. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill 0-700 m alt.
evergreen forest, 200-1,100 m alt. Flickingeria forcipata (Kraenzl.) A.D. Hawkes
Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. P: Krabi.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to W Pacic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Flickingeria fugax (Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
hill evergreen forest, 0-2,100 m alt. Region. N: Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J. Sm. Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Region. N: Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Ratchasima; Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
SW: Phetchaburi. 300-800 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Queensland. Flickingeria insularis Seidenf.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf. Region. P: Phuket, Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Flickingeria pallens (Kraenzl.) A.D. Hawkes
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
300-600 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Flickingeria angustifolia (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Thammarat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Flickingeria pardalina (Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Surat Thani,
700-1,000 m alt. Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Flickingeria appendiculata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Distribution. Peninsula Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. P: Phangnga. 100-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Flickingeria parishii Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Flickingeria bancana (J.J. Sm.) A.D. Hawkes Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Myanmar.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Borneo, Sumatra. evergreen forest, 300-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Flickingeria ritaeana (King & Pantl.) A.D. Hawkes
Flickingeria compressa Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Tak; Sw: Phetchaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. NE India, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 700-1,100 m alt.
600-800 m alt. Flickingeria unibulbis Seidenf.
Flickingeria convexa (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Vietnam.
154 1
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Ryukyu, Vietnam, Java, Philippines.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, 1,200 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Geodorum appendiculatum Griff. evergreen forest, 500-1,650 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Goodyera hispida Lindl.
Region. SE: Trat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Geodorum attenuatum Griff. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook.
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; NE:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Phetchabun; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-900 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Geodorum citrinum Jacks. Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Borneo,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. deciduous and hill evergreen forests, 500-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Goodyera pusilla Blume
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Geodorum densiorum (Lam.) Schltr. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb.f.
Buri; P: Surat Thani. Habit. Terrestrial Orchid.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to W Pacic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
mixed deciduous forest, 50-700 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Geodorum pulchellum Ridl. Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-2,100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan. Goodyera thailandica Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial Orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon
m alt. Ratchasima.
Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston Distribution. India (Orissa).
Habit. Terrestrail orchid Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Udon 200-1,150 m alt.
Thani, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Goodyera viridiora (Blume) Blume
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E:
Cambodia, Vietnam. Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayo; P: Phangnga, Krabi,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous, hill Yala.
evergreen forest, 200-1,300 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Geodorum siamense Rolfe ex Downie Taiwan, Ryukyu, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Queensland, SW
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei, Mukdahan, Pacic Is.
Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,650 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
200-500 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo; P: Chumphon,
Goodyera bida (Blume) Blume Surat Thani, Trang, Satun.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi,
Khan. Philippines, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Solomon Is., Fiji.
Sulawesi, Timor. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-2,100 m alt. 0-300 m alt.
156 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok ,
Distribution. Endemic. Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,100 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam,
Habenaria holotricha Gagnep. Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei. 300-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Laos. Habenaria mandersii Collett & Hemsl.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, upper montane scrub Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
forest, 900-2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Kalasin; E: Ubon Ratchathani;
Habenaria hosseusii Schltr. SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, open oak-pine forest,
Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: 250-1,050 m alt.
Phetchabun, Sakon Nakhon; E: Buri Ram; SW: Uthai Habenaria marginata Colebr.
Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang , Phrae.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Distribution. Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
forest, 50-900 m alt. Myanmar, S China.
Habenaria humidicola Rolfe Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 200-1,100 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habenaria medioexa Turrill
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. S China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan;
Habitat. Upper montane scrub forest, ca 1,600 m alt. NE: Loei, Nong Khai; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Habenaria khasiana Hook.f. Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. S China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; NE: Loei, Buengkan, Malaysia.
Sakon Nakhon; E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. bamboo forest, 100-400 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Indochina. Habenaria myriotricha Gagnep.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine forest, near Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
sea level to 1,300 m alt. Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Unknown locality.
Habenaria limprichtii Schltr. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. In limestone crevices; 600 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok. Habenaria poilanei Gagnep.
Distribution. S & C China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, pine forest, 1,100-2,000 m alt. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong.
Habenaria lindleyana Steud. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Open area among granite rocks; ca 100 m alt.
Region. widely distributed. Habenaria porphyricola Schltr.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NE:
deciduous, pine and bamboo forests, to 1,000 m alt. Loei.
Habenaria longitheca Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Deciduous forest, 100-700 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habenaria reexa Blume
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 950-1,550 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habenaria lucida Wall. ex Lindl. Phatthalung, Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Java.
Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-1,200 m alt.
Phetchabun, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Habenaria reniformis (D. Don) Hook.f.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga.
Buri, Chon Buri. Distribution. India, Nepal, S China, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina. Sumatra.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Bamboo or scrub forests over sandstone or
50-1,300 m alt. limestone; 150-850 m alt.
Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Merr. Habenaria rhodocheila Hance
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Region. widely distributed.
158 1
800 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt.
Hetaeria obliqua Blume Ipsea thailandica Seidenf.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. P: Satun. Region. NE: without exact locality.
Distribution. Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Distribution. Endemic.
Borneo. Habitat. No information available.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Lecanorchis betongensis Suddee & H.A. Pedersen
Hetaeria oblongifolia Blume Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. P: Yala.
Region. N: Tak; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; Distribution. Endemic.
SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
C: Lop Buri; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Lecanorchis javanica Blume
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Distribution. From Sri Lanka to Japan, to NE Australia, SW Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Pacic Is. Distribution. Vietnam, Java.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
to 500 m alt. 1,000-1450 m alt.
Hetaeria youngsayei Ormerod Lecanorchis malaccensis Ridl.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Uthai Thani; SE: Chanthaburi. Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Hainan, Hong Kong. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
100-500 m alt. evergreen forest, 100-1,400 m alt.
Holcoglossum amesianum (Rchb.f.) Christenson Lecanorchis multiora J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Laos, Trang, Narathiwat.
Cambodia. Distribution. S China, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. Sumatra.
Holcoglossum kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
100-1,200 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Lecanorchis nigricans Honda
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,700 m alt. Distribution. Japan, Taiwan, S China.
Holcoglossum subulifolium (Rchb.f.) Christenson Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 400-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Liparis atrosanguinea Ridl.
Loei. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Vietnam. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Phangnga.
Hygrochilus parishii (Veitch & Rchb.f.) Ptzer Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Sumatra.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Ubon Liparis aurita Ridl.
Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Laos, Vietnam. P: Chumphon, Phangnga.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous Distribution. Lesser Sunda Is.
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
100-900 m alt.
Liparis balansae Gagnep.
Hylophila lanceolata (Blume) Miq. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Liparis barbata Lindl.
Ione rutilans Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Krabi.
Distribution. Endemic.
160 1
Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea. dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) A. Rich.
Liparis petiolata (D. Don) P. F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: widely distributed.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Peninsular
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S. China, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines.
Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 20-700 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 2,100 m alt. Luisia antennifera Blume
Liparis plantaginea Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Yala.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Vietnam. Sumatra.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-300 m alt.
evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) Blume
Liparis regnieri Finet Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 750 m alt. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Liparis resupinata Ridl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Luisia curtisii Seidenf.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, S China. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P: Phangnga, Satun.
Liparis rheedei Lindl. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. Philippines.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea. Luisia liformis Hook.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-1,000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Liparis rhombea J.J. Sm. Region. N: Phrae.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, S China,
Region. P: Ranong. Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. 200-500 m alt.
162 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt. Pacic.
Microsaccus grifthii (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,300
m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Phangnga, Nervilia cumberlegii Seidenf. & Smitinand
Trang, Pattani. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Distribution. Taiwan.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 750 m alt.
Monomeria barbata Lindl. Nervilia khaoyaica Suddee, Watthana & S. W. Gale
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Distribution. Endemic.
Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-2,200 m alt. Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr.
Monomeria longipes (Rchb.f.) Aver. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. forest, 500-600 m alt.
Myrmechis pumila (Hook.f.) Tang & F.T. Wang Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Vietnam. Trang, Satun, Pattani.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 2,320 m alt. Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Laos.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Neogyna gardneriana (Lindl.) Rchb.f. mixed deciduous forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Nervilia maculata (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume forest, 300-500 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.
Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Chumphon, Surat Thani.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to N Australia.
evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Nephelaphyllum tenuiorum Blume
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Nervilia punctata (Blume) Makino
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Ratchasima; P: Surat Thani. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. Hong Kong, Hainan, Vietnam, Peninsular Distribution. Tropical Asia to Fiji.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Neuwiedia siamensis de Vogel
evergreen forest, 500-1,400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Nakhon Phanom, Khon Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-800 m alt.
Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; Neuwiedia singapureana (Wall. ex Baker) Rolfe
P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Satun. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Pacic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Borneo, Sumatra.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Oberonia acaulis Griff.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Prachin Buri. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical old world to SW
164 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai. 500-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar. Oberonia rasmussenii Seidenf.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
600-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Oberonia miniata Lindl. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Oberonia rulabris Lindl.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Ranong,
Narathiwat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; China, Hainan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malysia.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Krabi. evergreen forest, 50-1,900 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S Oberonia spiralis Lindl.
China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Celebes,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,400 m alt. New Guinea.
Oberonia nitida Seidenf. Habit. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonia teres Kerr
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 600 m alt. Distribution. NE India, S China.
Oberonia obcordata Lindl. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, 300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Oberonia variabilis Kerr
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S China. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,900 m alt. Distribution. SE Hainan, Vietnam.
Oberonia pachyphylla King & Pantl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonioides oberoniiora (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Chumphon, Satun. Region. SE: Trat.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Vietnam. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Oberonia pachyrachis Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. Odontochilus brevistylus Hook.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S Distribution. SE Tibet , S China, Vietnam, Peninsular
China, Vietnam. Malaysia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 750-1,200 m alt.
800-1,300 m alt.
Odontochilus duplex (Holttum) Ormerod
Oberonia prainiana King & Pantl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, ca 750 m alt.
Java.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Odontochilus elwesii C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan;
Oberonia pumilio Rchb.f. NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan,
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Sumatra. 800-1,450 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Odontochilus lanceolatus (Lindl.) Blume
Oberonia pyrulifera Lindl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Phet.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S China. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
166 1
Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Ptzer Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Lower montane scrub forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China. Region. P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Limestone cliffs in hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
1,200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Limestone cliffs in tropical evergreen forest,
Paphiopedilum concolor (Lindl. ex Bateman) Ptzer 350-450 m alt.
Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O. Gruss & Roellke
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Region. widely distributed. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. SE Myanmar, SW China, Indochina. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. On limestone cliffs in mixed deciduous forest, dry Distribution. SW China.
evergreen forest, Habitat. In shade of evergreen forest, 500-750 m alt.
hill evergreen forest, 90-1,000 m alt.
Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein
Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. NE: Loei; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, SW China, Laos.
Habitat. On limestone cliffs in tropical evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-2,000 m alt.
near sea level.
Papilionanthe biswasiana (Ghose & Mukerjee) Garay
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var.
godefroyae Habit. Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Krabi. Distribution. Myanmar, S China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Upper montane forest, 2,000-2,100 m alt.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; 0-100 m alt.
Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var. Habit.
ang-thong (Fowlie) Braem Region. P: Ranong, Chumphon, Surat Thani.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Region. P: Surat Thani. Sumatra.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, swamp forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; near sea level.
Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr.
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
leucochilum (Rolfe) Hallier Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae;
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; SW:
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Phuket,
Distribution. Endemic. Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; near sea level. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman
Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein var. Is., Nicobar Is., Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
esquirolei (Schltr.) K. Karas. & K. Saito mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid. Parapteroceras carnosum (Seidenf.) Aver.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. SW China, N Laos, Vietnam. Region. C: Prachinburi.
Habitat. Lower montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Parapteroceras elobe (Seidenf.) Aver.
Region. P: Trang, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 200 m alt. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt.
Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f.) Stein
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Ephiphytic Orchid. Pecteilis hawkesiana (King & Pantl.) C.S. Kumar
Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. E & NE Myanmar, SW China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Sakon
Habitat. Deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 900-2,200 m alt. Nakhon; E: Ubon Ratcha Thani; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin
Buri.
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid. forest, 100-800 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.
Peristylus afnis (D. Don) Seidenf. Peristylus lacertifer (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. N India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos. Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, China, Japan, Taiwan,
Habitat. Grassy areas in dry evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
168 1
deciduous and pine forests, 100-1,900 m alt. Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.
Peristylus maingayi (King & Pantl.) J.J. Wood & Ormerod Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. SE: Trat. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S china,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines.
Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, New Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Guinea, Queensland. Phaius takeoi (Hayata) H.J. Su
Habitat. Sandy soil in grassy places; near sea level. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Peristylus mannii (Rchb.f.) Mukerjee Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, swamp forest, 600-1,400 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, S China. Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume
Habitat. Savanna; ca 1,600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Peristylus parishii Rchb.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E:
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Chiayaphum.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae; NE: Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to S Pacic.
Phetchabun; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Chanthaburi, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Trat; P: Trang. 500-2,100 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, bamboo forest,
50-1,800 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peristylus phuwuanensis Kurzweil Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Bangladesh, Nicobar Is., Myanmar, Laos,
Region. NE: Buengkan. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Distribution. Endemic. Philippines.
Habitat. Sandy soil in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
ca 200 m alt. mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt.
Peristylus prainii (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; Region. Widely distributed.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, pine Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines.
forest, 150-1,550 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-700 m alt.
Peristylus rigidus Kurzweil
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Phalaenopsis nleyi Christenson
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 850-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Peristylus tentaculatus (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Phalaenopsis lowii Rchb.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.; E: Nakhon Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Distribution. Myanmar.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Ranong. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest on
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, limestone, 0-500 m alt.
Vietnam. Phalaenopsis mirabilis (Seidenf.) Schuit.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, grassy pine forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
100-1,800 m alt. Region. N: Tak; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Phaius avus (Blume) Lindl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Phalaenopsis parishii Rchb.f.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to SW Pacic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Phaius indochinensis Seidenf. & Ormerod Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: 400-700 m alt.
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Pattani. Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Lithophytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. Widely distributed.
evergreen forest, 500-1,500 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Hainan,
170 1
Plocoglottis bokorensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. hill evergreen forest, near sea level to 1,300 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; Pomatocalpa angustifolium Seidenf.
P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam. Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Ranong, Krabi.
250-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam.
Plocoglottis gigantea (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Pomatocalpa diffusum Breda
Region. P: Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Plocoglottis javanica Blume Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. P: Songkhla, Pattani. Pomatocalpa kunstleri (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Nicobar Is., Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-600 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f. Moluku, Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Trang, Songkhla. Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Moluku, Sumatra, New Guinea. Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, E Himalaya, Andaman Is., Nicobar
Plocoglottis quadrifolia J.J. Sm. Is., Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. subsp.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
andamanicum (Hook.f.) Watthana
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Poaephyllum pauciorum (Hook.f.) Ridl. Region. P: Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. E Himalaya, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., Laos,
Region. P: Surat Thani. Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Podochilus cultratus Lindl. Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Andaman
Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Kanchanaburi. Is., S China, Hainan, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam. Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Moluku,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Sulawesi, Philippines.
300-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Podochilus lucescens Blume 0-800 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Pomatocalpa tonkinense (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
Region. SE: Trat; P: widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Podochilus microphyllus Lindl. Porpax elwesii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Ranong, Narathiwat. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,400 m alt.
0-1,200 m alt.
Porpax gigantea Deori
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H. R. Sweet Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical America and Asia. Porpax grandiora Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
172 1
Ratchasima, Surin; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Satyrium yunnanense Rolfe ssp. longispina Kurzweil &
Sa Kaeo. Suksathan
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Laos, Cambodia, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. Region. NE: Phitsanulok.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry Distribution. Endemic.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 100-500 m alt. Habitat. Grassland in hill evergreen forest, ca 2,100 m alt.
Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Schoenorchis fragrans (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. & Smitinand
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Chaiyaphum.
Myanmar, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., S China, Cambodia, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Sumatra,Philippines. 200-700 ma alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt. Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Robiquetia pachyphylla (Rchb.f.) Garay Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Distribution. NE India, E Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,900 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Robiquetia spathulata (Blume) J.J. Sm. 600-1,700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. ex Blume
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Moluku. Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is.,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Queensland, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu.
0-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Schoenorchis minutiora (Ridl.) J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Nakhon Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia.
Chanthaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar,
S China, Laos, Vietnam. Schoenorchis pachyacris (J.J. Sm.) J.J. Sm.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. Java, Sumatra.
Saccolabiopsis pusilla (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Schoenorchis secundiora (Ridl.) J.J. Sm.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
300-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
174 1
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Habitat. Not recorded. NE: Loei.
Stereosandra javanica Blume Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Phetchabun; SW: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,800 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Sunipia soidaoensis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt
Pattani, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. E Himalaya, S China, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Distribution. S China.
Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Samoa. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Sunipia thailandica (Seidenf. & Smitinand) P. F. Hunt
evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt.
Sunipia andersonii (King & Pantl.) P. F. Hunt Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. S China
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Taiwan, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,600 m alt.
Sunipia viridis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunipia angustipetala Seidenf. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt.
Distribution. S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,700 m alt.
Taeniophyllum calceolus Carr
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunipia annamensis (Ridl.) P. F. Hunt Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-2,200 m alt.
Taeniophyllum liforme J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunipia australis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Surat Thani, Chumphon,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Satun, Pattani.
Region. P: Ranong Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Distribution. Endemic. Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, New Guinea.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-700 m alt.
Sunipia bicolor Lindl. Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Sunipia cumberlegei (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt 100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Taeniophyllum gracillimum Schltr.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. E: Buri Ram; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400 m alt. Ranong, Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Sunipia grandiora (Rolfe) P. F. Hunt Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Region. N: Tak. Taeniophyllum insulare Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt. Region. P: Satun.
Sunipia minor (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fores; near sea level.
Region. NE: Loei. Taeniophyllum pahangense Carr
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Sunipia rimannii (Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-800
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi. m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Taeniophyllum pusillum (Willd.) Seidenf. & Ormerod
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,900 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunipia scariosa Lindl. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
176 1
New Guinea, Solomon Is. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Narathiwat.
Thrixspermum ancoriferum (Guillaumin) Garay Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Thrixspermum scopa (Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.) Holttum
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Trang.
1,300-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Thrixspermum annamense (Guillaumin) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Thrixspermum sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Tang & F.T. Wang
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. S China, C Taiwan, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-700 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,650 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Songkhla. Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sumatra. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-5 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Andaman Is.,
Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, 0-700 m alt.
S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun.
Thrixspermum leucarachne Ridl. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Andaman Is.,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; P: Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. forest, hill evergreen forest, 700-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f. var. bracteata (Roxb.) N.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Pearce & P.J. Cribb
0-300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Thrixspermum merguense (Hook.f.) Kuntze Region. N: Chiang Mai (Doi Sithep).
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalaya,
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Myanmar.
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Myanmar, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Thunia bensoniae Hook.f.
Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
0-700 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Thrixspermum musciorum A. S. Rao & J. Joseph Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Thunia pulchra Rchb.f.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
P: Pattani. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat.
Distribution. S & NE India. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
0-300 m alt.
Trias intermedia Seidenf. & Smitinand
Thrixspermum pensile Schltr. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Satun.
Distribution. S Taiwan, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Thrixspermum recurvum (Hook.f.) Kuntze 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Trias mollis Seidenf.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Ranong.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Thrixspermum ridleyanum Schltr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
178 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 500 m alt. Vanda brunnea Rchb.f.
Trichotosia rotundifolia (Ridl.) Kraenzl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan;
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Satun. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-200 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Trichotosia velutina (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Kraenzl. evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Satun, Songkhla. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 750 m Vanda coerulescens Griff.
alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Region. Widely distributed except PEN. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S evergreen forest, 500-1,000 m alt.
China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f.
Sumatra, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan ,Lampang,
evergreen forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Tak; NE: Loei.
Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: evergreen forest, 500-1,500 m alt.
Ranong. Vanda abellata (Rolfe ex Downie) Christenson
Distribution. E Himalaya to New Caledonia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
50-600 m alt. Loei.
Tropidia pedunculata Blume Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. Widely distributed. evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Himalaya to New Guinea. Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
evergreen forest, 0-1,100 m alt. Region. Widely distributed, except in Peninsular.
Tuberolabium rhopalorrhachis (Rchb.f.) J.J. Wood Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, 100-1,200 m alt.
Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines. Vanda liouvillei Finet
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen foret; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
750-1,200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Sakhon
Uncifera obtusifolia Lindl. Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Surin.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Distribution. NE india, Nepal, E Himalaya. forest, 100-300 m alt.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Vanda pumila Hook.f.
Uncifera thailandica Seidenf. & Smitinand Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalaya, Myanmar,
Distribution. S China. S China, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Vanda bensonii Bateman Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, tak.
Loei. Distribution. Sri Lanka, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 500-900 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,300 m alt. Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Ptzer
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
180 1
Zeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) K. Schum. & Fedde Pandanus acaulescens H.St. John
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Acaulescent tall shrub.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Phetchaburi; P: Songkhla. Habitat. Evergreen mountain forests, 800-900 m.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.
Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb, shrub.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Region. Cultivated.
deciduous forest and hill evergreen forests, 50-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Probable origin in Indonesia (Moluccas) and
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. cultivated throughout SE Asia.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Uses. Widely used for scenting foods.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Pandanus bidus H.St. John
Distribution. S & E Asia to Lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,200 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Zeuxine violascens Ridl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 1,000 m.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Pandanus caleis H.St. John
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java. Habit. Tree.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-750 m alt. Region. C: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Krabi,
Pandanaceae Surat Thani.
Distribution. Endemic.
Benstonea afnis (Kurz) Callm. & Buerki Habitat. Limestone outcrops, hills.
Habit. Treelet, shrub.
Region. P: Trang. Pandanus capusii Martelli
Distribution. Peninsular Thailand to Philippines. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Peat swamps, forest river edges. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Indochina.
Benstonea humilis (Lour.) Callm. & Buerki Habitat. Along stream, dry evergreen forest.
Habit. Shrub, herb.
Region. C: Nakhonnayok; N: Chiangmai; NE: Loei; P: Pandanus crinifolius Martelli
Phanghga, Ranong, Trang, Yala; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Habit. Shrub.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. P: Ranong, Trang.
Distribution. NE India , Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
182 1
Distribution. Throughout the tropics. Aristida adscensionis L.
Habitat. Dry open areas, sandy soils, deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
forest, 150-600 m alt. Region. NE: Khon Khen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Andropogon polyptychos Steud. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Tropical and warm-temperate regions.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, deciduous dipterocarp and
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina. mixed deciduous forests, under 200 m alt.
Habitat. Grassland and wet places, ca 500 m alt. Aristida balansae Henrard
Anthoxanthum horseldii (Benn.) Reeder Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina.
Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Habitat. Open and partly shady areas, deciduous dipterocarp
Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines. and mixed deciduous forests, wet ground close to beach,
Habitat. Grassland at high altitude, ca 2550 m alt. low altitude.
Apluda mutica L. Aristida chinensis Munro
Habit. Pernnial scandent or decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. Most regions exceptin the peninsular.
Distribution. Africa, Russia, Arabia, India, Sri Lanka, Distribution. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malaysia,
Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia (Celebes), Philippines.
Malesia, Australia. Habitat. Open sandy ground, deciduous forest, savannah, to
Habitat. Open places in deciduous forests, up to 2,000 m alt. 600 m alt.
Apocopis collinus Balansa Aristida culionensis Pilg. ex Perkins
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Udon Thani; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon
Sa Kaeo. Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Distribution. Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan). Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun,
Habitat. Open grassy and wet ground areas, deciduous Songkhla.
dipterocarp forests, 50-200 m alt. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia
Habitat. Savannah, deciduous dipterocarp to evergreen
Apocopis courtallumensis (Steud.) Henrard forests, also in scrub, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SE: Aristida cumingiana Trin. & Rupr.
Sa Kaeo. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Habitat. Open areas or partly shady places, deciduous Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
dipterocarp-oak forest, 500-600 m alt. Indochina, Indonesia (Celebes), Philippines, Australia.
Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, mixed deciduous and
Apocopis intermedius (A. Camus) Chai-Anan deciduous dipterocarp-pine forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial rhizomatous.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Arthraxon castratus (Griff.) V. Naray. ex Bor
Pattani. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Habitat. Open sandy areas, grasslands, to 500 m alt. Prachin Buri.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia.
Apocopis mangalorensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard Habitat. Savannah, deciduous dipterocarp forest, 200-300 m alt.
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino
Habit. Annual ascending or prostrate herb.
Habit. Annual decumnent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Habitat. Open gravel slopes, ca 300 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, tropical and warm-temperate Asia,
Apocopis siamensis A. Camus Australia.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Habitat. Lowland open areas, limestones ground, deciduous
Region. N: Tak; SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: dipterocarp forest, 100-400 m alt.
Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri.
Distribution. Endemic.
Arthraxon lanceolatus Hochst. var. lanceolatus
Habit. Perennial or annual decumbent and stoloniferous herb.
Habitat. Open moist sandy areas, deciduous dipterocarp
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
forest, under 100 m alt.
Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri.
Apocopis wrightii Munro Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Indochina,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Indonesia.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Deciduous and open pine-oak forests, also
Distribution. China. limestone ground, 200-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas, gravelly places, deciduous dipterocarp
forests, 100200 m alt.
184 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Udon Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A. Camus
Thani Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat. Habit. Pernnial decumbent-ascending herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Ching Rai,
Habitat. Open scrub, mixed deciduous forest, cultivated Lamphun; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
areas, 50-150 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Japan,
Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A. Gardner & C.E. Hubb. Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. On hill or mountain slopes, deciduous dipterocarp
to montane forests.
Habit. Annual decumbent to prostrate herb.
Region. All over the country. Capillipedium laoticum A. Camus
Distribution. Tropical regions of the World. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Open waste places, on limestone hills, rice elds, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai; SW: Uthai Thani,
mixed deciduous forest, to 1,200 m alt. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Laos.
Brachiaria ruziziensis Germ. & C.M. Evrard Habitat. Open area, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forests.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Pathum Thani, Nakhon Nayok; Capillipedium longisetosum Bor
SE: Chon Buri, Rayong; P: Songkhla. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Habitat. Cultivated throughut the country. Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo.
Distribution. Endemic.
Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. Habitat. Open area, wet meadow, on sandy soil.
Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Udon Capillipedium parviorum (R. Br.) Stapf
Thani; E: Buri Ram; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Sing Buri, Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Nakhon Si Thammarat. Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Native to Tropical Asia and Australia, Distribution. Africa, Arabia, India, China, Indochina,
introcuced in Africa. Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Open grassy ground, sandy soil along stream, Habitat. On hills and mountain slopes, deciduous to
weeds in paddy elds, sandy shore, also deciduous montane forests.
dipterocarp forest, to 1,100 m alt. Capillipedium spicigerum S.T. Blake
Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Annual tufted to decumbent. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Distribution. China, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines,
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Phuket. Indonesia, Australia.
Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Habitat. Open grasslands, deciduous scrub, 550-1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Capillipedium sulcatum Bor
Habitat. Open areas in evergreen and montane forests, also Habit. Annual ascending to perennial tufted herb.
in cultivated upland elds, to 1,800 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. On hills, deciduous forests.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Nan, Tak, Sukhothai, Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; Habit. Annual ascending herb.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Lop Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Buri, Nonthaburi, Bangkok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C:
Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Prachin Buri, Bangkok
Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Krabi, Distribution. S Africa, tropical Asia, Australia, America.
Trang, Songkhla, Yala. Habitat. Open sandy area, along roadsides.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, introduced in America.
Habitat. Along roadsides, on hill slope, open grassland, Cenchrus echinatus L.
along streams in deciduous forests. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; SW: Prachup Khiri Khan; C:
Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng Bangkok.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Native to America, a widespread weed to
Region. E: Buri Ram; C: Bangkok, Suphan Buri; SW: tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Seashore sand dunes, shady sandy areas, along
Distribution. S Europe, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, roadsides.
Russia, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Deciduous forests. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, Australiam, Polynesia.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Partly shady areas, mixed deciduous to montane
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. forests, to 2,000 m alt.
Habitat. Open area, along roadsides and riverbanks.
186 1
Coelorachis helferi (Hook.f.) Henrard Cymbopogon annamensis (A. Camus) A. Camus
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Distribution. Indochina.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi; SE: Habitat. Open grasslands, edges of deciduous dipterocarp
Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla. forest, 250-400 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Cymbopogon calcicola C.E. Hubbard
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, wet places, to Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
200 m alt. Region. P. Nakhon Si Thammarat
Coelorachis striata (Steud.) A. Camus var. pubescens Distribution. Indochina, Malesia
(Hack.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen Habitat. Open slopes among crevices of limestone hills.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Cymbopogon calciphilus Bor
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap
Distribution. China, India, Indochina. Khiri Khan;
Habitat. Moist areas, mixed deciduous forest, 100-2,200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Coix aquatica Roxb. Habitat. Limestone hills on the banks of river, ca 130 m alt.
Habit. Perennial aquatic herb. Cymbopogon cambogiensis (Balansa) E.G. Camus & A. Camus
Region. N: Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: E: Ubon Ratchathani;
C: Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Nakhon Nayok, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Bangkok SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Region. C: Chai Nat, Suphan Buri; SE: Prachin Buri,
Phangnga, Phatthalung, Songkhla. Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Distribution. Indochina.
Malaysia. Habitat. Lowland savannah, deciduous forest, ca 50 m alt.
Habitat. Shallow water, margin of the lake, riverbanks.
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. lacryma-jobi Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf
Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; E: Surin; SE: Prachin Buri; C:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Bangkok; P: Surat Thani.
Phrae, Tak, Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Distribution. Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea.
Loei, Khonkaen, E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi. Habitat. Cultivated as a kitchen plant.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Malesia. Cymbopogon clandestinus (Steud.) Stapf
Habitat. Cultivated, open wet on on sandy or muddy places, Habit. Perennial or annual caespitose herb.
mixed deciduous forest and distrubed vegetations, to Region. N: Chiang Mai.
1,500 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Open areas, hill slopes, mixed deciduous forest, ca
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf 600 m alt.
Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Cymbopogon exuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson
Loei, Phetchabun. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; SW: Ratchaburi,
Malesia. Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri; P: Ranong, Satun.
Habitat. Cultivated, at high altitude. Distribution. India, Nepal, Mayanmar, Indochina,
Indonesia.
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. monilifer Watt Habitat. Teak forest, grassland, limestones, 100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; C: Bangkok. Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Cultivated. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Bhatan, Myanmar, Indochina.
Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa (Oliv.) Stapf Habitat. Grasslands and pine forests, 1,300-2,000 m alt.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) W. Watson
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok.
Philippines. Distribution. India, throughout the tropics.
Habitat. Cultivated. Habitat. Open deciduous forests, ca 100 m alt.
Coix puellarum Balansa Cymbopogon microstachys (Hook.f.) Soenarko
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; C: Chai Nat; SE: Chanthaburi;
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Cultivated, among grasses along the road, ca 1,300 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Habitat. Open rocky ground, open forests, to 1,000 m alt.
188 1
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Digitaria petelotii Henr.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. NE: Maha Sarakham.
Distribution. Throughout the Tropics and subtropics. Distribution. Cambodia.
Habitat. Roadsides, waste ground. Habitat. Open dry ground area.
Digitaria didactyla Willd. Digitaria pulsilla Ridl.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai
Distribution. Native to Mascarene Islands, introduced in Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
tropical countries. Habitat. Open rocky ground, ca 300 m alt.
Habitat. Weed in plantation areas. Digitaria radicosa (Miq.) Miq.
Digitaria fuscescens (J. Presl) Henrard Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Phetchabun,
Region. N: Tak; NE: Khon Kaen; SE: Chanthaburi. Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Distribution. South America, India, Myanmar, Malaysia. Ranong, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Roadsides, waste ground, roadsides, weed in Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Japan, Myanmar,
plantation areas. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, Indian Ocean
Digitaria heterantha (Hook.f.) Merr. Islands, Madagascar, Pacic Islands.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Weed in plantation and open moist areas, roadsides,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachusp bamboo forest, 200-1,300 m alt.
Khiri Khan; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Thani. Habit. Annual procumbent or prostate herb.
Distribution. China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Philippines. Loei, Sakon Nakhon, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Coastal areas, sand dune, open grassy ground, old Prachup Khiri Khan.
clearing, to 800 m alt. Distribution. Widely distributed in tropic, subtropic and
Digitaria horizontalis Willd. warm-temperate regions throughout the world.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Roadsides, weedy places.
Region. N: Sukhothai; C: Bangkok. Digitaria setifolia Stapf.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei,
Habitat. Open grassland. udon Thani; SW: Kanchanaburi: C: Bangkok; P: Surat
Digitaria larsenii Bor Thani, Pattani.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Widely distributed in tropic Region. of the
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Old World.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Open grassland, pine and deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. On lime stone hills, ca 700 m alt. forests, 300-2,000 m alt.
190 1
Habitat. Open sandy areas, sandstone soil, in paddy elds, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar,
roadsides, by strem, deciduous dipterocarp and mixed Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea.
deciduous forests. Habitat. On dry mud in savannah, riverbed, sandy ground,
Eragrostis burmanica Bor slope hill in mixed deciduous forest, 50-300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Eragrostis montana Balansa
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Nakhon Sawan; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
Habitat. Humid sandy soil, by strem, deciduous dipterocarp Habitat. Open sandy and wet soil, by river, scrub, near sea,
forest. dipterocarp forests, boggy place sandstone, to 800 m alt.
Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin. Eragrostis minor Host
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world.
Habitat. Sandy soil, open grassy pine forest, dry ground, to Habitat. Sand banks, ca 200 m alt.
1,300 m alt. Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud.
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Habitat. On ridges, open moist ground along roadsides at
Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees high altitude.
Habit. Perennial or annual tufted herb. Eragrostis patula (Kunth) Steud.
Region. N: Sukhothai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Rayong; Habit. Annual ascending herb.
SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Rayong. Distribution. Tropical regions of the World.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Habitat. Roadside, 1,000-2,000 m alt.
Habitat. Waysides, dry ground, open deciduous forest, Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
50-400 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Eragrostis cumingii Steud. Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Annual to perennial tufted herb. Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of Asia, Europe
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Khon Kaen; and America.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; P: Satun. Habitat. Open sandy soil.
Distribution. China, Japan, Indochina and Australia. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.
Habitat. On dry in mud and open marsh, sandy old elds with Habit. Annual tufted herb.
scatter trees, damp ground, to 700 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon
Habit. Perennial densely tufted herb. Sritamarat.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Tropic and temperate regions of the Old
Distribution. Native to Africa, introduced elsewhere as a World.
fodder grass. Habitat. Open sandy soil, waste places, rice elds.
Habitat. Cultivated. Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) Nees
Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. SW: Prachup Khiri Khan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Habitat. Loamy seashore, beach forest.
Habitat. Weed in nursery, ca 900 m alt. Eragrostis superba Peyr
Eragrostis cylindrica (Roxb.) Arn. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Australia, tropical
Distribution. China, Taiwan. America.
Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest. Habitat. Cultivated.
Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J.Jacq. Eragrostis spartinoides Steud.
Habit. Perennial tufted or caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. NE: Loei, Khon Kaen. Region. NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon
Distribution. China to Australia. Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon;
Habitat. Dry rice eld, deciduous forest, 300-400 m alt. Surat Thani.
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habit. Annual to perennial ascending herb. Habitat. Deciduous forest, open grassy ground, 50-1,300 m
Region. All over the country. alt.
192 1
Eulalia bicornuta Bor 1,900 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Eulalia tetraseta Ohwi
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Open grassy pine forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Indochina.
Eulalia contorta (Brongn.) Kuntze Habitat. Sloping sanstone with some seeping water, sandy
Habit. Annual tufted herb. old elds, 150-850 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram; Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat, Lop Buri; SE: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Chanthaburi. Buri Ram; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi,
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat thani, Phatthalung, Pattani,
Australia. Satun, SongKhla.
Habitat. Open deciduous dipterocarp forest, savannah, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
100-600 m alt. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Eulalia irritans (R. Br.) Kuntze Habitat. Open moist sandy soil places, open savannah,
Habit. Annual tufted herb. deciduous and evergreen forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri. Habit. Perennial densely tufted herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Austrlia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Savannah, on clayey soil, deciduous forest, to 800 Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, China, Taiwan,
m alt. Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Philippines.
Eulalia leschenaultiana (Decne.) Ohwi Habitat. Roadsides, hill slope, deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. 350-700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Songkhla. Eustachys tenera (J.S.Presl) A. Camus
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Indonesia, Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Philippines, Australia. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Open scrub, deciduous dipterocarp forest, 50-450 Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
m alt. Habitat. Open rocky slope, weed in coconut plantations.
Eulalia monostachya (Balansa) A. Camus Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwai
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaew, Region. NE: Loei.
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Pattani. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Japan,
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia, Austrasia. Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Papau New Guinea,
Habitat. Sandy ground near sea, savannah, deciduous forest, Philippines.
to 300 m alt. Habitat. Partly shady areas, sandstone rocks, along streams,
Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze 1,1001,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Garnotia ciliata Merr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Ratchaburi. Habit. Annual ascending or decumbent herb.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Korea, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines. Distribution. China.
Habitat. Open deciduous forest, 50-1,600 m alt. Habitat. In ditches along main roads, moist places on rocky
Eulalia siamensis Bor slopes, 1,3002,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Garnotia patula (Munro) Munro ex Benth.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Region. NE: Loei.
Malaysia, Philippines. Distribution. India, China, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Habitat. Hill slopes, open deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, Habitat. Along streams or moist places on open area of
400-1,500 m alt. dwarf oak forest, 1,3001,500 m alt.
Eulalia smitinandiana Bor Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Vietnam,
Habitat. Rocky ground in pine forest, ca 1,300 m alt. Malasia, Java, Papua New Guinea.
Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze Habitat. Sunny or shady and moist areas, on tree trunks,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. mossy rocks, rocky ground areas, stream banks, hill
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: slopes of evergreen and montane forests, 1002600 m alt.
Ratchaburi. Garnotia thailandica Gould
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Perennial decumbent herb
Korea, Japan. Region. P: Trang.
Habitat. Grassland, montane and open deciduous forests, to Distribution. Endemic.
194 1
Habit. Perennial prostate to stoloniferous herb. Imperata cylindrical (L.) Raeusch.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial rhizomatous herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Region. All over the country.
China, Indochina, Malesia. Distribution. Widespread in South America, Africa, Europe,
Habitat. Floating by edge of a pool, small ponds, lakes, tropical Asia, Malesia, Australia.
reservior. Habitat. Weeds in open areas, roadsides, abandoned elds.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees to 2,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Isachne albens Trin.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Swampy ditches, muddy stream banks, to 400 m Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
alt. Vietnam.
Hymenachne assamica (Hook.f.) Hitch. Habitat. Along road in disturbed pine forest, open sandy
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. soil, at streams, to 1,500 m alt.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Bangkok; P: Isachne cochinchinensis Balansa
Phatthalung. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia. Region. P: Satun, Pattani.
Habitat. Along edges of paddy elds, open swampy areas. Distribution. Indochina.
Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf Habitat. Open sandy soil, grassy ground, ca 5 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Isachne confusa Ohwi
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi. Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Indochina, Indonesia. Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat
Habitat. Marshy areas, dump places in open savannah, pine Distribution. India, Bangladesh, China, Malesia.
forest, 600-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Open marshy ground, swamp areas, sandy soi, to
Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf 100 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Isachne dioica Swallen
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Africa, Madagascar, Indochina, Indonesia. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Edge of deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, moist Habitat. In moist places along roadsidesm to ca 400 m alt.
areas in savannah, 850-1,300 m alt.
Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze
Hyparrhenia nyassae (Rendle) Stapf Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Indochina. China, Japan, Korea, Indochina, Malesia, Australia,
Habitat. Edge of deciduous dipterocarp forest, ca 750 m alt. Pacic Islands.
Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf var. siamensis W.D. Habitat. Moist places, in swamp, rice elds, open marsh,
reservoir.
Clayton
Habit. Annual to perennial tufted herb. Isachne kinabaluensis Merr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsanulok, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Phetchabun; E: Surin. Region. NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; P: Nakhon Sri Thamarat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open sandy places, roadsides, edge of deciduous Habitat. Moist places, open grassy pine forest, edge of
dipterocarp pine forest, to 1,900 m alt. canals, to 1,700 m alt.
Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth. var. majus Isachne polygonoides (Lam) Dll
(Nees) Stieber Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Habit. Perennial caespitose to ascending herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE:
Region. All over the country. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. India, Japan, China, Malesia. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Shady area, swampy places, on rock by streams, Habitat. Open grassy and marshy grounds, to 900 m alt.
mixed deciduous and dry evergreen to montane forests, Isachne puberula Bor
to 2,000 m alt. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Imperata conferta (J. Presl) Ohwi Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habit. Perennial rhizomatous herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Udon Thani; SW: Habitat. Sandy soil, open grassland in deciduous forest, ca
Kanchanaburi; P: Krabi. 50 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Isachne pulchella Roth
Habitat. Open areas, beaches, old clearings, sandy and Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
clayey soils, to 450 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE:
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong.
196 1
Distribution. Topical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Region. SW: Prachub Khiri Khan; P: Surat thani, Krabi,
Habitat. Open wet places, rice eld, riverbanks. Satun, Songkhla.
Leersia hexandra Sw. Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina,
Perennial decumbent herb Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Open sandy ground, seashore, to 300 m alt.
Distribution. Topical and subtropical regions of the World. Lophatherum gracile Brongn.
Habitat. Wet places, open waste areas ooded ground, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
riverbanks, rice eld, edge of lake and pond. Region. All over the country.
Leptaspis urceolata (Roxb.) R. Br. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Myanmar,
Habit. Annual erect to ascending herb. Indochina, Malesia.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang. Habitat. Shady understory of dry evergreen and bamboo
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, forests, river banks.
Malesia. Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Annual to perennial decumbent to ascending herb. Distribution. Africa, Indochina
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Rocky ground, deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest,
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Japan, to 1,300 m alt.
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka
Habitat. Moist places, rice eld, riverbanks, hot water Habit. Annual ascending to tufted herb.
spring, swampy areas, deciduous dipterocarp forest. Region. All over the country.
Uses. Fodder. Distribution. Native to Africa.
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth Habitat. Weed in plantation areas, roadsides.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb. Microchloa indica (L.f.) P. Beauv.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Samut Prakan; SE: Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Chon Buri, Trat; P: Trang Regions: All over the country.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Distribution. Tropical regions of the world.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habitat. Open areas, sandy soil on rocky ground, deciduous
Habitat. Dry mud close to sea, seashore, rice eld, diptercarp forest.
mangrove forest. Microchloa kunthii Desv.
Leptochloa malayana (C.E.Hubb.) Jansen ex Veldkamp Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Regions: N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, America.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Open areas, deciduous diptercarp and pine forests,
Surat Thani, Trang, Songkhla. 800-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
Habitat. By rocky stream, swampy areas, paddy eld, edges Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, SW:
of deciduous and evergreen forests, to 200 m alt. Kanchanburi; P: Phatthalung, Phangnga, Trang.
Leptochloa neesii (Thwaites) Benth. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Habit. Annual to perennial caespitose herb. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Region. SW: Ratchaburi. Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Microstegium delicatulum (Hook.f.) A. Camus
Habitat. Waterhole. Habit. Annual ascending to rambling herb.
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Habitat. Roadsides, shady river border in forest, ca 600 m alt.
Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SE: Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard
Prachin Buri; P: Surat Thani. Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae; NE:
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, America. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon,
Habitat. Waste places, plantation areas, roadsides, tidal Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
swampy places, edge of evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia,
Leptochloa tectoneticola (Backer) Jansen ex Veldkamp Indonesia.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habitat. Roadsides, open to partly open deciduous and
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; P: Surat thani evergreen forests, 50-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Microstegium petiolare (Trin.) Bor
Habitat. By path in mixed deciduous and evergreen forests, Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
to 300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Lepturus repens (G.Forst.) R. Br. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Marshy areas, along the streams in montane forest,
198 1
Region. P: Ranong. Habitat. Swamps, ponds, by streams, riverbanks, on
Distribution. Native from Iran to India, widely introduced sandstone and hill slopes.
as forage grass. Panicum longiloreum M.M. Rahman
Habitat. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial prostrate herb.
Panicum atrosanguineum Hochst. ex A. Rich. Region. C: Ayutthaya.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Floating in paddy elds, sea level.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Panicum luzonensis J. Presl
Habitat. Swampy areas, ca 250 alt. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Panicum auritum J. Presl & Nees Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennia ascending herb. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Phillipines,
Region. All over the country. New Guinea, Australia.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Indochina, Habitat. Open places in lowland, paddy eld, to 300 m alt.
Malesia, Papua New Guinea. Panicum maximum Jacq.
Habitat. Paddy elds, swampy areas, along stream, open Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
marshy ground, sand-bank, to 800 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Panicum brevifolium L. Distribution. Native to tropical Africa and America
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Habitat. Widely cultivated as fodder.
Region. All over the country. Uses. Forage.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Panicum mindanaense Merr.
Habitat. Open partly shad, bamboo forest and edges of Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
evergreen forest, to 1,800 m alt. Region. SW: Phetchaburi.
Panicum curviorum Hornem. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Habitat. Ppen sandy soil, ca 50 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Panicum miliaceum L.
Khan, Ratchaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, New Region. NE: Kalasin; C: Chai Nat, Bangkok; P: Nakhon Si
Guinea. Thammarat, Pattani, Yala.
Habitat. Open sandy areas in deciduous dipterocarp forests, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, widely introduced
open ground near sea, rocky ground, to 200 m alt. to tropic and temperate regions of the world.
Panicum elegantissimum Hook.f. Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Panicum notatum Retz.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial scrambling herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Region. All over the country.
Philippines, Borneo. Distribution. India, Bhutan, S China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open sandy ground, deciduous forest, along the Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest, deciduous and bamboo
road, to 500 m alt. forests.
Panicum hayatae A. Camus Panicum paludosum Roxb.
Habit. Annual decumbent to rambling herb. Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. P: Trang. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phayoa, Chiang Mai,
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Open places evergreen forest, to 1,800 m alt. Ratchasima; C: Ayutthaya.
Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Malesia,
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. New Guinea, Australia.
Region. C: Bangkok. Habitat. Swampy ditch in paddy elds, on mud, riverbanks,
Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia. sandy ground, open grassy dipterocarp pine forest, to 700 m alt.
Habitat. By ditch in fruit garden, ca 5 m alt. Panicum repens L.
Panicum humile Nees ex Steud. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Nong Khai; C: Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the World.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Habitat. Open grassy ground, marshy areas, ponds, waste
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Satun. ground, roadsides, riverbanks, rice elds, also in mixed
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, deciduous forest, to 1,200 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia. Uses. Forage.
Habitat. Open sandy, savannah, rocky ground, near sea, Panicum sarmentosum Roxb.
deciduous forest, 200-600 m alt. Habit. Perennial scrambling or rambling herb.
Panicum incomtum Trin. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial rambling herb. Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Malesia, New
Region. All over the country. Guinea, Australia.
Distribution. India, Bhutanm China, Myanmar, Indochina, Habitat. Old clearing, waste ground, mixed deciduous and
Malesia, Australia. evergreen forests, to 1,200 m alt.
200 1
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare (E.Forst.) Hack. open savannah, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, to 700
m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Perotis rara R. Br.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Australia, Polynesia. Distribution. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Rice elds, open wet places, marshy grouns, edge Habitat. Open areas of sandy ground, near sea, open grassy
of small ponds. forest.
Paspalum vaginatum Sw. Phacelurus cambogiensis (Balansa) Clayton
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Suphan Buri, Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SE: Distribution. Cambodia.
Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Habitat. Edge of swamp areas, 200-250 m alt.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of the World. Phacelurus zea (C.B. Clarke) Clayton
Habitat. Open wet areas, edge of mangrove, salt waste Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
ground, in tidal swamp, salt marsh, to 50 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. India, China, Indochina.
Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Habitat. Deciduous oak and pine forests on clayey soil, in
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. savannah, 600-900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Habitat. Open moist ground, roadsides at high altitude. Habit. Robust perennial with creeping rhizome herb.
Uses. Lawns and recreation areas, pasture, protect soil Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima C:
erosion. Bangkok.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. Habitat. Flooded ground, river banks, edge of lake, pond,
Habit. Annual ascending herb. reservoir, marshy places.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, NE: Phetchabun,
Loei, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Ang Thong, Saraburi, Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi. Habit. Robust perennial with creeping rhizome herb.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Roadsides, weed in plantation areas. Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia.
Habitat. Riverbanks, edge of mangrove swamp, open waste
Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult. ground, marshy places, moist savannah, to 1,000 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. All over the country. Poa annua L.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual tufted to stoloniferous herb.
Habitat. Open waste areas, roadside, weed in plantation Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai.
areas. Distribution. Throughout the world.
Uses. Fresh fodder or as hay. Habitat. Weed in highland plantation areas, cultivated as
lawn grass at high altitude.
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Perennial tufted to ascending herb.
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Songkhla. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal Bhutan, Pakistan,
Habitat. Cultivated. China, Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Uses. Forage. Habitat. Moist areas, damp areas, by streams, on rocks in
stream, deciduous and evergreen forests, 300-2,000 m alt.
Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, NE: Sakon Nakhon; SW: Habit. Perennial tufted to ascending herb.
Ratchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang rai; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Thani, Phuket, Patthalung, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Kanchanaburi; P: Nahkon Sri Thammarat.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia.
throughout Malesia. Habitat. Wet places, on rocks along stream, among rocks in
Habitat. Open sandy waste place, sandy moist ground, near deciduous and evergreen forests, 150-1,000 m alt.
sea, open scrub and secondary growth, to 300 m alt. Polytoca R. Br.
Perotis hordeiformis Nees ex Hook. & Arn. Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce
Habit. Annual decumbent or stoloniferous or loosely tufted Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum,
Distribution. India, Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Indochina, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo; P:
Malesia. Satun.
Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, roadsides, limestone hills, Distribution. India, Sikkim, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
Vietnam, Indonesia (Java) and Philippines.
202 1
Sacciolepis fenestrata Bor Surin; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri; P:
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Satun.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate
Distribution. Endemic. regions of the world.
Habitat. On lateritic soil in open thorny scrub, 70 m alt. Habitat. Rocky ground, open grassy pine forests, open moist
ground, sandy wet places, savannah, 100-1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. indica
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Sehima nervosum (Rottler) Stapf
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Habitat. Open wet ground, marshy places, rice eld, weeds Distribution. Tropical Arica and Asia, Australia.
in cultivated areas and savannah. Habitat. Open sandy soil, rocky ground, limestone hill, on
rock near sea, deciduous dipterocarp forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. turgida (Ridl.)
Gilliland Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Region. E: Ubon Ratchasima.
Khon Kaen; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; P: Distribution. Native to Africa, perharps introduced in
Chumphon, Satun. tropical Asia.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia. Habitat. Open area in deciduous forests, ca 270 m alt.
Habitat. Open moist ground, marshy areass, rice eld. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. villosa (Hook.f.) Ohwi Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C: Chi Nat, Bangkok; SE: Sa
Distribution. India. Kaeo, Chon Buri.
Habitat. Open grassland, edge of deciduous Distribution. Origin uncertain, now widely cultivated
dipterocarp-pine forest. throughout Asia, Africa, America, Europe.
Habitat. Cultivated, open areas in deciduous forest, grassy
Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf ground, rice eld, to 50 m alt.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Nakhon Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf
Ratchasima; C: Ang Thong, Bangkok; SE: Rayong; P: Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Ranong, Phuket. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Distribution. West Aca, tropical Asia.
Habitat. Swamp areas, marshy ground, 100-700 m alt. Habitat. River banks, along stream, semi-shady areas, moist
ground, deciduous and evergreen forests, to 2,500 m alt.
Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Setaria parviora (Poir.) M. Kurgulen
Region. All over the country. Habit. Annual to Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Open marshy ground, rice eld, by pond in Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world.
savannah, swamp areas, moist clearing limestone, to 500 Habitat. Open areas, sandstone and sandy soils, on rocky
m alt. plain, open grassy forest, deciduous and evergreen
forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis tenuissima C.E. Hubb.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke
Region. N: Tak; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Habit. Perennial caespitose to decumbent herb.
Chanthaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Distribution. Endemic. Loei.
Habitat. Open savannah, open ground, deciduous Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Japan,
dipterocarp forest, ca 100 m alt. Indochina, Malaysia.
Habitat. Open areas, edge of deciduous dipterocarp and dry
Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Buse evergreen forests, 100-600 m alt.
Habit. Annual prostrate to rambling herb.
Region. All over the country. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.
Distribution. Tropical and warm-temperate regions of the Habit. Annual caespitose to ascending herb.
World. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Along roadsides, hill slope, open sandy moist Distribution. Native to temperate to sub-tropical Asia.
areas, savannah, deciduous forests, 200-1,000 m alt. Habitat. On hill slope, grassy pine forest, opend ground,
moist ground in savannah, rice elds, river banks, edge
Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg of deciduous and evergreen forests.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex Moss
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Native to tropical and S Africa.
Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E:
204 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Habitat. On hill slope, savannah, 700-1,600 m alt.
Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habitat. Open areas, deciduous dipterocarp and bamboo Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet.
forests, 50-700 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze Indonesia, Australia.
Habit. Annual, loosely tufted herb. Habitat. Open wet places, open grassy forest, rice eld,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi. deciduous forest, 450-1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Native to tropical America, introduced to Themeda triandra Forssk.
elsewhere. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Grassy elds, semi-shade sandy soil areas, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; NE:
roadsides, to 700 m alt. Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Roi Et; SW:
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Kanchanaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Lop Buri; SE: Sa
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Kaeo, Prachin Buri.
Region. SW: Petchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon, Pattani. Habitat. Open grassy ground, savannah, deciduopus and
Distribution. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical pine forests, to 1,300 m alt.
regions. Uses. Savanna pastures for live-stock.
Habitat. Sandy beaches, open areas on saline soil pains in Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus
clay or loamy soil, open wet swamp behind the beach, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
riverbanks near the coast, to 10 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Thwaites Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China,
Habit. Annual to perennial loosely tufted herb. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Open moist places, savannah, deciduous forest,
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. roadside, hill slope, edge of evergreen forest, along
Habitat. Semi shady areas in mixed deciduous and dry stream on rocky ground.
evergreen forests, to 800 m alt. Thuarea involuta (G. Forst.) R. Br. ex Sm.
Stenotaphrum helferi Munro ex Hook.f. Habit. Perennial prostrate, stoloniferous herb.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong,
Region. C: Bangkok; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Songkhla.
Distribution. China, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia. Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 50 m alt. Habitat. Seashores, sand dune, coral beach.
Thelepogon elegans Roth Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Lop Region. All over the country.
Buri, Saraburi. Distribution. Tropical Asia.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Habitat. Hill slope, moist ground, river banks, open grassy
Habitat. Roadsides, open areas in mixed deciduous forest, ground, deciduous and evergreen forests, roadside.
50-300 m alt. Uses. Young leaves for cattle and buffaloes, large
Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. inorescences for making brooms, ornamental, as a hedge.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Tragus mongolorum Ohwi
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; E: Amnat Charoen; SW: Habit. Annual decumbent, stoloniferous herb.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachip Khiri Khan; C: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum,
Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon. Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; S-W: Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Chai Nat, Lop Buri.
Australia. Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Mongolia
Habitat. Open scrub, grassy ground, on limestone hill, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
deciduous forests, to 1,500 m alt. Habitat. Open areas, roadsides, granite hills, limestone
Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A. Camus areas, savannah, to 450 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Tripogon larsenii Bor
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Loei, Sakhon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaohum; SE: Prachin Buri; Region. N: Phitsanulok.
P: Songkhla. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Habitat. Open sandstone plateau in moss, ca 1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia. Tripogon siamensis Bor
Habitat. Savannah, deciduous and pine-oak forests, to 1,600 m alt. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Themeda caudate (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) A. Camus Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habitat. On rocky ground along edge of montane forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar, 1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia.
206 1
Uses. Ciltivated for young shoots.
Bambusa oldhamii Munro Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. Cultivated. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. China, E Asia. Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland cv. Wamin
Uses. Ciltivated for young shoots.
Bambusa oliveriana Gamble Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, ca 700 m alt. Habit. Light clump bamboo.
Bambusa pallida Munro Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, to ca 700 m alt.
Distribution. India, Bandgladesh, S China, Myanmar. Uses. Cultivated for young shoots.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, 450-700 m alt. Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Kurz
Bambusa pierreana E.G. Camus Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. NE: Along Mekong river. Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Distribution. Laos. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, to ca 700 m alt.
Habitat. River bank, ca 200 m alt. Uses. Clums used for light construction.
Bambusa pierreana E.G. Camus Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. N: Phayao; SW: Phetchaburi. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergren forests, Distribution. S China.
to ca 1000 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Bambusa ridleyi Gamble Dendrocalamus asper (J.H. Schultes) Backer ex K. Heyne
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. P: Krabi. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. Cultivated all over the country.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 100 m alt. Philippines.
Bambusa sesquiora (MaClure) L.C. Chia & H.L. Fung Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, to ca
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. 1,000 m alt.
Uses. Cultivated for young shoots, clums also used for
Region. N: Chiang Mai. construction and chop-stics.
Distribution. N Vietnam.
Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh & D.Z. Li
Habitat. Montan forest, ca 1300 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Bambusa thorelii E.G. Camus Region. N: Ciang Mai, cultivated.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Distribution. S China.
Uses. Clums used for light construction.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos. Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habitat. Along Mekong river, 100-200 m alt.
Region. N:
Bambusa tulda Roxb. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. In mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, to ca
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: 1,000 m alt.
Phetchabun, Loei. Uses. Cultivated for young shoots and clums.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina.
Dendrocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) N.H. Xia
Habitat. In mixed deciduous, dry evergreen and montane
forests, 300-1600 m alt. & Stapleton
Uses. Young shoots edible. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, limestone bed rock.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Uses. Clums used for construction, pest resistant.
Distribution. Old World tropics.
Habitat. Commonly cultivated. Dendrocalamus dumosus (Ridl.) Holttum
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. P: Chumphon, Krabi, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland cv. Vittata Thammarat, Songkhla, Satun.
208 1
Habitat. Evergreen forest, usually on edges or exposed Habitat. Secoundry growth, to ca 1,200 m alt.
areas, low altitudes. Neohouzeoua kerriana S. Dransf., Pattan. & Sungkaew
Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong.
Thammarat, Trang. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Foot of the hill in evergreen forest, near stream,
Habitat. In dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 100-700 m alt. also disturbed areas, to 1,000 m alt.
Gigantochloa latifolia Ridl. Neohouzeoua mekongensis A. Camus
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump.
Region. P: Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai;
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Gigantochloa ligulata Gamble Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, to
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. 1,200 m alt.
Region. P: Throughout the region. Otatea mbriata Soderstrom ex Mc Vaugh
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habitat. Disturbed areas in evergreen forest, usually under Region. Cultivated.
500 m alt. Distribution. Central America.
Uses. Shoots edible, clums used for light construction. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Munro) Kurz Phuphannochloa speciosa Sungkaew & Teerawat.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon.
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 200 m alt. Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, ca 500 m alt.
Gigantochloa poilanei (A. Camus) T.Q. Nguyen Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solotary clump bamboo.
Region. N: Lampang. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Vietnam. Distribution. Japan.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 350 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa scortechinii Gamble Phyllostachys edulis (Carrire) J. Houz.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Region. Krabi, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. China.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, forest margin, 50-150 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa wrayi Gamble Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Region. Cultivated.
Region. Nakhon Si hammarat. Distribution. Taiwan.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt.
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro
Maclurochloa montana Benth. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla. Distribution. China.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to ca 1,500 m alt.
Pseudosasa japonica Makino ex Nakai
Melocalamus arundina C.E. Parkinson Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump. Region. Cultivated.
Region. P: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Surat Thani. Distribution. Japan, S Korea.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, by stream, ca 100 m alt.
Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro
Melocalamus compactiorus Benth. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo. Region. Unknown locality.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Bhutan, S China, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Habitat. In lower montane forest, to ca 1,200 m alt.
Habitat. In montane forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt. Uses. Clums used for making basket.
Neohouzeoua mbrita S. Dransf. Schizostachyum aciculare Gamble
Habit. Caespitose clump. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Region. SE: Trat, Chnthaburi.
210 1
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; SE:
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests. Trat, Chanthaburi
Heterosmilax polyandra Gagnep. Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Indochina.
Habit. Climber. Habitat. Lower montane and evergreen forests, 600-1,300
Region. SE: Chanthaburi m alt.
Distribution. India, S China, Laos. Smilax grifthii A. DC.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax aspericaulis Wall. ex A. DC. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Loei Habitat. Lower montane forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Taiwan, Philippines. Smilax hemsleyana Craib
Habitat. Lower montane forest, up to 1,500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax biumbellata T. Koyama Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. China, India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai Habitat.Thickets, grassy slopes, 600-1,700 m.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Smilax inversa T. Koyama
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-2,500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax blumei A. DC. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Indochina.
Region. P: Ranong Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Distribution. India (Andaman Islands), Peninsular Smilax lanceifolia Roxb.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habit. Climber.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Udon Thani; E:
Smilax bracteata C. Presl Chaiyaphum; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Habit. Climber. Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Rai; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Distribution. India, Bhutan, Sikkim, China, Taiwan,
Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Krabi Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Malesia, Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 500-1,600 m alt.
Philippines. Smilax lanceifolia var. elongata (Warb.) F.T. Wang & Tang
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Smilax calophylla Wall. ex A. DC. Habit. Climber.
Habit. Straggling shrub. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. P: Pattani Distribution. S China, Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habitat. Montane forest, 1,500-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Smilax luzonensis C. Presl
Smilax china L. Habit. Climber.
Habit. Climber. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; E:
Region. N: Chiang Mai Chaiyaphum; SE: Chon Buri; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Songkhla, Ranong, Pattani, Surat Thani
Philippines. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Habitat. Scrub and open forest, over 1,000 m alt. Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, up to 1,000 m alt.
Smilax corbularia Kunth
Habit. Climber. Smilax megacarpa A. DC.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Habit. Climber.
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon.
Distribution. S China, N Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina,
Malaysia, Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.
Habitat. Evergreen and lower montane forests, to 2,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 300-1,200 m alt.
Smilax davidiana A. DC. Smilax microchina T. Koyama
Habit. Climber. Habit. Shrub.
Region. NE: Loei Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. China, Japan, N Vietnam, Laos. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Scrub forests, hilly areas, 100-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Open grassy pine forest, 1,300 m alt.
Smilax extensa Wall. ex Hook.f. Smilax myosotiora A. DC.
Habit. Climber. Habit. Climber.
Region. SE: Rayong, Trat. Region. P: Satun, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,400 m alt.
Smilax glabra Wall. ex Roxb. Smilax myrtillusA. DC.
Habit. Climber. Habit. Densely branched Shrub.
212 1
Stichoneuron calcicola Inthachub Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phitsanulok, Chiang mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun;
Region. P: Surat Thani. C: Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. On limestone outcrops, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, wet areas, 100-600 m alt.
Stichoneuron caudatum Ridl. Trilliaceae
Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Paris polyphylla Sm.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Wet habitats in evergreen forest, mostly near Region. Not recorded.
streams, to 600 m alt. Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Sikkim, Vietnam.
Stichoneuron halabalensis Inthachub Habitat. Forests, bamboo forests, thickets, grassy or rocky
Habit. Herb. slopes, stream sides; 100-3500 m.
Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Triuridaceae
Habitat. Evergreen forest, along streams, ca 150 m alt.
Sciaphila arfakiana Becc.
Strelitziaceae Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Region. P: Yala.
Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. Distribution. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, New
Habit. Tree Guinea.
Region. Cultivated. Habitat. On humus or among dead leaves in shade of trees.
Distribution. Native to Madagascar, widely cultivated in the
tropics. Sciaphila maculata Miers
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Region. P: Trang.
Strelitzia reginae Banks ex Aiton Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, New Guinea.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. On humus or among dead leaves in shade of trees,
Region. Cultivated. 400-500 m alt.
Distribution. Native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.
Uses. Ornamental. Sciaphila nana Blume
Habit. Mycotrophic herb.
Taccaceae Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines.
Tacca chantrieri Andr Habitat. On humus, under shade of bamboo, 1,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. All over the country. Sciaphila secundiora Thwaites ex Benth.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. Dryevergreen and evergreen forests, 50-1,000 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, New Guinea, Solomon
Uses. Young leaves and inorescences are eaten. Island.
Habitat. On dead leaves on limestone rock, 350 m alt.
Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl.
Habit. Herb. Sciaphila tenella Blume
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Myco-heterotrophic herb.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani. Region. P: Trang, Satun.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar, Laos, Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia.
Malesia. Habitat. In sandy soil covered by leaf litter over sandstone
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forest, to 350 m alt. or limestone rocks, under shade in primary lowland
evergreen forest, ca 90 m alt.
Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
Habit. Herb. Sciaphila thaidanica K. Larsen
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Buri, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Ranong, Phuket. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. W Africa, S & SE Asia, S Pacics, N Australia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Along seashore, beach forest. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, in the mountain, on black
Uses. Tuber are eaten. humus soil; 1,000 m alt.
Tacca palmate Blume Typhaceae
Habit. Herb.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Trang, Surat Typha angustifolia L.
Thani, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Songkhla. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Malesia, Philippines, Region. All over the country.
Celebes. Distribution. Temperate to tropical regions.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Ponds, lakes, ditches, canals, often forming large
Uses. Tuber used as medicinal. stands.
Uses. Leaves used for thatching, matting and basket-work;
Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Drenth dried inorescences are used for decoration.
214 1
Region. SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani. Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe var. nobilis (Ridl.)
Distribution. Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia. I.M. Turner
Habitat. Partly open areas in evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Alpinia conchigera Griff. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,700 m alt.
Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Trat; Alpinia mutica Roxb.
SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Perennial herb.
Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Swampy, evergreen forests, open and shaded areas, Habitat. Swampy forest and cultivated, 10-600 m alt.
0-1,200 m alt., and also cultivated.
Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. var. galanga Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Distribution. India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habitat. Along streams, rivers and in mixed deciduous
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Phangnga, Songkhla, Yala.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Alpinia oxymitra K.Schum.
Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Habit. Perennial herb.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi,
Habitat. In open space area, dry evergreen and mixed Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Rayong,
deciduous forests, 50-1,250 m alt., also cultivated Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
throughout Thailand. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1-1,150 m alt.
Alpinia intermedia Gagnep.
Habit. Perennial herb. Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Japan, China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Maha Sarakham, Khon
Habitat. Along stream in montane forest, 1,200 m alt. Kaen; SE: Chon Buri; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Island,
Alpinia javanica Blume Shortland Island, Pacic Island, Polynesia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Narathiwat. Alpinia rafesiana Wall. ex Baker var. hirtior (Ridl.)
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Holttum
Habitat. Evergreen forests, 50-500 m alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Alpinia luteocarpa Elmer Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-1,050 m alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. Philippines. Alpinia roxburghii Sweet
Habitat. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Alpinia macroura K.Schum. var. macroura Uttaradit, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E:
Habit. Perennial herb. Chaiyaphum.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Chanthaburi, Trat. Vietnam.
Distribution. Cambodia. Habitat. Edge of evergreen and open grassy pine forests,
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600 m alt. 700-2,000 m alt.
Alpinia macroura K.Schum. var. glabra Alpinia scabra (Blume ) Naves
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. SE: Trat. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Habitat.Evergreen forest, up to 200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical rain forest.
Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe var. malaccensis Alpinia siamemsis K.Schum.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei; Region. NE: Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham; C: Bangkok;
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. SE: Chon Buri; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia. Habitat. Cultivated.
Habitat. Evergreen and mixed pine evergreen forests,
200-1,800 m alt. Alpinia vitata Bull.
Habit. Perennial herb.
216 1
Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, open Distribution. China, Laos, Vietnam.
areas. Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, open areas.
Uses. Rhizome and leaves usually fragrant, use as mixture Boesenbergia angustifolia (Hall.f.) Schltr.
of soap and shampoo. Habit. Herb.
Amomum sericeum Roxb. Region. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Indonesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina. Boesenbergia baimaii Saensouk & K. Larsen
Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests. Habit. Perennial herb.
Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable. Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon.
Amomum siamense Craib Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In dry evergreen forest on soil rich in humus,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet. ca 350 m. alt.
Distribution. India?, China?, Myanmar? Boesenbergia basispicata K. Larsen ex Sirirugsa
Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Amomum spiceum Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla.
Region. P: Yala. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Evergreen forest, along main trail to waterfall,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. scattered by stream; Dry evergreen forest on granite
Amomum squarrosum Ridl. bedrock., common on damp slope in hill evergreen
Habit. Herb. jungle, ca 300 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Boesenbergia collinsii Mood & L.M. Prince
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. N: Lamphun, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE:
Amomum tomrey Gagnep. Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Bua Lum Phu, Khon Kaen; E:
Habit. Herb. Chaiyaphum.
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Phatthalung. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Limestone outcrops in secondary forest with
Habitat. Evergreen, mixed deciduous or open forests. bamboo.
Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable. Boesenbergia curtisii (Baker) Schltr.
Amomum uliginosum J.Koenig in Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani,
Region. N: Phayao, Lampang; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Phanom; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Trang, Satun, Yala.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri, Rayong, Distribution. Malaysia.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone or granite bedrock,
Phatthalung, Pattani, Songkla, Narathiwat. 150-200 m alt., also cultivated.
Distribution. China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Boesenbergia ava (Ridl.) Holttum
Sumatra. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen or deciduous forest with bamboo, Region. Not recorded.
limestone or granite bedrock, Distribution. Malaysia.
200-1,325 m. alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Uses. Seed used as medicine.
Boesenbergia gelatinosa K. Larsen
Amomum utriculosum (Ridl.) Holttum Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE:
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, on limestone, 200-900 m. alt.
Amomum verum Blackw. Boesenbergia kerrii Mood, L.M. Prince & Triboun
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phattalung, Distribution. E Myanmar.
Trang, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habitat. In the cracks between limestone rocks.
Distribution. Cambodia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, often cultivated.
Boesenbergia kingii Mood & L.M. Prince
Habit. Herb.
Uses. Dried fruit and seeds are used as a spice and medicinal plant.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Amomum villosum Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, SW China, Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In disturbed area on the margin of a secondary,
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si river in forest in very light shade, at 200 m alt.
Thammarat, Trang.
218 1
evergreen lower montane scrub, 900 m. alt. Caulokaempferia satunensis Picheans.
Caulokaempferia jirawongsei Picheans. & Mokkamul Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Satun.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. On limestone rocks, 230 m. alt.
Habitat. On rocks facing waterfalls at an altitude as low 200 Caulokaempferia saxicola K. Larsen
m above sea level. Habit. Herb.
Caulokaempferia khaomaenensis Picheans. & Mokkamul Region. N: Phayao; NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C:
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, along
Habitat. Steep sandstone mountain, in rocky savanna forest, waterfall, open, moist places along the stream on shaded
at the altitude of 1,093-1,237 m. outcrops, ca 680-720 m. alt.
Caulokaempferia kuapii K. Larsen Caulokaempferia sirirugsae Ngamr.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Region. P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical moist forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 85 m alt.
Caulokaempferia larsenii Suksathan & Triboun Caulokaempferia thailandica K. Larsen
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In open area, 1,700 m. alt. Habitat. In grassland, common in pine forest, scattered in
montane and open pine forests, common on rocky ground
Caulokaempferia limiana Mokkamul & Picheans. in open pine forest, 1,000-1,350 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Caulokaempferia violacea K. Larsen & Triboun
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 230 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic.
Caulokaempferia pedemontana Triboun & K. Larsen Habitat. Scattered on at top area on sandstone bedrock,
Habit. Herb. grown on rocky surface.
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. Endemic. Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy
Habitat. Among rock near stream, ca 300 m. alt. Habit. Terrestrial or epiphytic herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Caulokaempferia phulangkaensis Picheans. Distribution. Himalaya.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Montane forest, mossy rocks, 1500-2,520 m. alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Distribution. Endemic. Cornukaempferia aurantiora Mood & K. Larsen
Habitat. Lower montane coniferous forest, 1,460 m alt. Habit. Stemless herb.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok.
Caulokaempferia phuluangensis Picheans. & Mokkamul Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Cornukaempferia longipetolata Mood & K. Larsen
Habitat. Flat plateau of sandstone mountain, 1,400-1,470 m alt. Habit. Stemless herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Caulokaempferia phutokensis Picheans. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Distribution. Endemic. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 270-350 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Region. Cultivated.
Caulokaempferia phuwoaensis Picheans. & Koonterm Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina and Peninsular
Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Uses. Rhizome used as medicinal plant.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Moist sandstone rocks near the waterfall under the
Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
shade of mixed deciduous forests, 203-325 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei, Maha Sarakam, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon
Caulokaempferia saksuwaniae K. Larsen Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket, Surin; SE:
Habit. Herb. Chanthaburi, Chon Buri, Prachin Buri.
Region. P: Phangnga. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In open area in pine forest, deciduous forest,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. shallow swamp on sandy soil from near sea level to 1300 m. alt.
220 1
Uses. Young inorescence is edible; cultivated as Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kean, Loei,
ornamental plants. Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi.
Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Distribution. Cambodia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 200-600 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; Uses. Ornamental.
C: Lop Buri. Curcuma viridiora Roxb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Java. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In deciduous forests, 220-500 m. alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Uses. Cultivated as ornamental plants and cut-owers. Distribution. Myanmar.
Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. Habitat. Deciduous forest, ca 800 m. alt.
Habit. Herb. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.
Region. E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. In deciduous forest, ca 550 m. alt. Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F. Newman Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchatani. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Along small stream in deciduous forest. Region. Cultivated.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Indochina, Malaysia,
Curcuma roscoeana Wall. Indonesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Uses. Medicinal.
Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Elettariopsis curtisii Baker
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In limestone area, 200-700 m. alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia.
Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 90-800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Elettariopsis monophylla (Gagnep.) Loes.
Region. Cultivated. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Habitat. Cultivated. Distribution. China, Laos.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 140 m alt.
Curcuma rubrobracteata kornik., M. Sabu & Prasanthk. Elettariopsis smithiae Y.K. Kam
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Peninsular.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Phitsanulok, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Elettariopsis triloba (Gagnep.) Loes.
Habitat. In deciduous and dry evergreen forests, 220-700 m. alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Yala.
Curcuma singularis Gagnep. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, Elettariopsis wandokthong Picheans. & Yupparach
Uttaradit; NE: Loei, Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Habit. Herb.
Phetchabun, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Chaiyaphum, Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchatani; SE: Chanthaburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Chon Buri, Trat. Habitat. Deciduous forest.
Distribution. Laos. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. In deciduous and mixed evergreen forests,
80-1,300 m. alt. Uses. Young inorescence is eaten as Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith
vegetable. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Curcuma sparganifolia Gagnep. Distribution. Malaysia, Indonesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 280 m alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani, Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa
Ket; SE: Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi. Etlingera fulgens (Ridl.) C.K. Lim
Distribution. Cambodia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In deciduous forest, 150-600 m. alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 200-300 m alt.
Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
222 1
Ratchaburi; Central? Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Globba racemosa Sm.
Habitat. In shade, under evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Globba leucantha Miq. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak;
Habit. Herb. Northeastern.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, India, Burma, China,
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat. Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habitat. Widespread and common.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Globba reexa Craib
forest, 50-1,750 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Globba leucantha Miq. var. bicolor Holttum Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang;
Habit. Herb. Northeastern.
Region. Central?, Peninsular. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habitat. In coarse, gritty soil, under semi-deciduous forest,
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen usually montane, 200-1,200 m alt.
forest, 100-990 m alt. Globba schomburgkii Hook.f.
Globba marantina L. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. N, NE, E, SW, C, SE, P. Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei,
Distribution. Sri Lanka to Australia. Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Habitat. Widespread and common. Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi,
Globba mogokensis W.W. Sm. & S.C. Banerji Phetchaburi; C: Lop Buri, Suphan Buri, Saraburi,
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. N, NE. Distribution. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Common and widespread in forest understorey.
Habitat. 600-1,300 m alt. Globba sessiliora Sims
Globba nisbetiana Craib Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; Southwestern.
Region. Northern. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 200-375 m alt.
Habitat. In shade, under evergreen forest, 400-1,200 m alt. Globba sherwoodiana W.J. Kress & V. Gowda
Globba obscura K. Larsen Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N, NE, SW.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Distribution. Myanmar.
Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; Habitat. 300-1,700 m alt.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi; C: Suphan Buri, Globba siamensis (Hemsl.) Hemsl.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; Southeastern; Peninsular. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Tak; NE: Nong Khai, Mukdahan; E: Ubon
Habitat. 20-1,300 m alt. Ratchathani.
Globba patens Miq. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Dry dipterocarp forest, 200-600 m alt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Globba substrigosa King ex Baker
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. 100-1,250 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Globba pendula Roxb. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 150-200 m alt.
Region. E, SW, C, SE, P. Globba winitii C.H. Wright
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Habit. Herb.
Malaysia. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak.
Habitat. Common in most forest types. Distribution. Endemic.
Globba praecox Chokthaweep., K.J. Williams & Paisooks. Habitat. Fertile soil under semi-deciduous forest,
Habit. Herb. 250-1,250 m alt.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Globba xantholeuca Craib
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 380-400 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lamphun, Phitsanulok,
Globba purpurascens Craib Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan; Northeastern;
Habit. Herb. Southwestern; C: Saraburi.
Region. Northern (may be more widespread but taxonomy Distribution. Endemic.
currently uncertain). Habitat. 70-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Not recorded. Hanifa albiora K. Larsen & Mood
224 1
1,500-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Hedychium villosum Wall. Kaempferia candida Wall.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia.
Habitat. Lower montane rain forest or lower montane scrub on Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
sand stone, at 1,000-1,500 m. alt. Kaempferia elegans (Wall.) Baker
Hemiorchis burmanica Kurz Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; SW:
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Habitat. Common in undergrowth, along streams in mixed
forest, 550-1,100 m alt. deciduous forest on hill limestone.
Hemiorchis pantlingii ssp. rhodorrhachis (K. Schum.) Kaempferia fallax Gagnep.
W.M. Tan Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Amnat Charoen, Ubon
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Ratchathani.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Habitat. Paddy eld, sandy soil.
forest, 10-910 m alt. Kaempferia lifolia K. Larsen
Hornstedtia conica Ridl. Habit. Tiny herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Java. Habitat. Open area, deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Kaempferia galanga L.
Hornstedtia leonurus (J. Knig) Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. E: Surin, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Distribution. Cambodia, China, India, widely cultivated in
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. SE Asia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Open areas deciduous dipterocarp, sandy soil.
Hornstedtia minor (Blume) Valeton. Kaempferia glauca Ridl.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Perennial, deciduous ground herb.
Region. P: Yala. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan, Java. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Open disturbed mixed evergreen and deciduous
seasonal forest.
Hornstedtia scyphifera (J. Knig) Steud.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia grandifolia Saensouk & Jenjitt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak Region. NE: Khon Kaen.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Kaempferia albiora Jenjitt. & S. Ruchisansakun
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia koratensis Picheans.
Region. N: Sukhothai. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Kaempferia albomaculata Jenjitt. & K. Larsen
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia laotica Gagnep.
Region. NE: Phetchabun. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Open areas, limestone.
Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa
Region. N: Tak; E: Ubon Ratchathani C: Saraburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Bangladesh. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Shaded, rocky area in dry deciduous forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, svanna, sandy soil.
Kaempferia bambusetorum K. Larsen & Jenjitt.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. C: Lop Buri.
226 1
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Smithatris myanmarensis W.J. Kress Lampang, Phrae.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. Southwestern? Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp, bamboo, lower montane
Distribution. Myanmar. pine-oak forests, 300-1,200 m. alt.
Habitat. Not recorded. Zingiber callianthus Triboun & K. Larsen
Smithatris supraneanae W.J. Kress & K. Larsen Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Montane forest, 800-1,200 m alt.
Region. C: Lop Buri, Saraburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Zingiber chantaranothaii Triboun & K. Larsen
Habitat. Limestone hill. Habit. Herb.
Uses. International horticultural trade. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Distribution. Endemic.
Stahlianthus campanulatus O. Ktze. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest with bamboo.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N; NE. Zingiber chrysostachys Ridl.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Baker) Craib ex Loes. Habitat. In mixed deciduous-bamboo forests, 80-1,300 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. Unknown locality. Zingiber citriodorum Mood & Theilade
Distribution. Assam, East Himalaya, Bangladesh, China, Habit. Herb.
Myanmar. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Habitat. Not recorded. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Endemic.
Stahlianthus macrochlamys (Baker) Craib Habitat. In mixed deciduous dipterocarpbamboo and open
Habit. Herb.
evergreen forests, 570-1,300 m. alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Yala.
Uses. Young oral shoots and young rhizomes are eaten by
Distribution. Myanmar.
local people.
Habitat. Pine forest at high altitudes
Zingiber cornubracteatum Triboun & K. Larsen
Stahlianthus pedicellatus Chaveer. & Mokkamul Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, 200-300 m alt.
Zingiber corallinum Hance
Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Region. N; NE.
Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. In mixed bamboo evergreen forests, disturbed
forests.
mixed deciduous forests, hill evergreen forest, 500-1,600 m. alt.
Zingiber barbatum Wall. Zingiber cornubracteatum
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myannar.
Habitat. In shady places, along stream, in hill evergreen
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp and evergreen forests,
forests, 800 -1,100 m. alt.
100-300 m. alt.
Zingiber densissimum S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia
Zingiber bisectum D. Fang Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak.
Distribution. Myanmar, China.
Distribution. China.
Habitat. In open grassy area in lower montane oak-pine
Habitat. In bamboo-deciduous to evergreen forests,
forests, 900-1,600 m. alt.
500-1,000 m. alt.
Zingiber brachystachys Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber avomaculosum S.Q. Tong
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. C: Saraburi.
Distribution. China.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, montane and mixed deciduous
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest with bamboo, 150-300 m alt.
forests, 700-1,400 m. alt.
Zingiber bradleyanum Craib
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 227
Zingiber avovirens Theilade Zingiber larsenii I. Theidea
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous to dry evergreen forests. Habitat. In hill evergreen forests, 800-1,400 m. alt.
Zingiber fragile S.Q. Tong Zingiber leptoscapus P. Triboun
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. China. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In mixed bamboo-deciduous and oak-pine forests. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forests, 700-900 m. alt.
Zingiber gramineum Noranha Uses. Medicinal.
Habit. Perennial herb. Zingiber ligulatum Roxb.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habit. Perennial herb.
SE: Chanthaburi, Chon Buri, Rayong, Sa Kaeo; P: Surat Region. NE: Khon Kaen.
Thani. Distribution. India.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia. Habitat. In shaded areas. Uses. Medicinal.
Habitat. In scrub, edge of evergreen forests, and in mixed Zingiber longibracteatum Theilade
deciduous forests, 80-1300 m alt. Uses. Young Habit. Perennial herb.
inorescence is eaten as vegetable. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Zingiber idea P. Triboun & K. Larsen Panganga, Krabi, Trang.
Habit. Rhizomatous herb. Distribution. Malaysia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Evergreen forests, limestone foothills, to 300 m. alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Zingiber longiligulatum S.Q. Tong
Habitat. In mixed-deciduous and bamboo forests, on Habit. Perennial herb.
limestone hill, 250-800 m. alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Zingiber integrum S.Q. Tong Distribution. China.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forests, 750-900 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Zingiber mekongense Gagnep.
Distribution. China. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous, and hill evergreen forests, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
1,000-1,400 m. alt. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia.
Zingiber isanense Triboun & K. Larsen Habitat. Evergreen forests, low altitude.
Habit. Herb. Zingiber monglaense S.J. Chen & Z.Y. Chen
Region. NE: Mukdahan. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai.
Habitat. dry evergreen and deciduous forests. Distribution. China.
Zingiber junceum Gagnep. Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests.
Habit. Perennial herb. Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr.
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Habit. Perennial herb.
Amnat Chareon, Ubon Ratchathani. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Cambodia. Distribution. Cultivated throughout the tropics.
Habitat. In deciduous forest. Habitat. In shaded, dry or moist areas.
Zingiber kelantanense C.K. Lim Zingiber neotruncatum Wu, K. Larsen & Turland
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. P: Yala. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Tak, Phisanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon
Habitat. In dense evergreen forests. Ratchasima.
Zingiber kerrii Craib Distribution. China.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In hill evergreen forests, 900-1,800 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Zingiber newmanii Theilade & Mood
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forest, bamboo forest, Distribution. Endemic.
montane forest, 300-1,300 m. alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Zingiber laoticum Gagnep. Zingiber niveum Mood & Theilade
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lumphun; NE: Loei. Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos, S China. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. In dry evergreen, and mixed bamboo-deciduous Habitat. In deciduous forests. Uses. Ornamental
forests, 700-1,200 m. alt.
228 1
Zingiber ofcinale (L.) Roscoe Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil.
Distribution. Widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. Zingiber puberulum Ridl. var. ovoideum Houltum
Habitat. In scrub, edge of evergreen forests, 80-1,300 m, alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Uses. Vegetable, spices and medicinal. Region. P: Ranong, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Zingiber olivaceum Mood & Theilade Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Zingiber pyroglossum P. Triboun & K. Larsen
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 400-700 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Zingiber orbiculatum S.Q. Tong Region. NE: Phetchabun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae, Habitat. Montane pine forest.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun.
SW: Kanchanaburi.
Zingiber raja C.K. Lim & B. Kharukanant
Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. China.
Region. P: Narathiwat, Yala.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and lower montane forests,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
400-1,400 m. alt.
Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil,150-400 m. alt.
Zingiber ottensii Valeton Zingiber rarissimum
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. Cultivated all over the country.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Distribution. Penninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In moist and shaded area.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous and bamboo.
Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. ex Voigt Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Tak.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Distribution. Myanmar.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China.
Habitat. Edge of evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests.
Habitat. In deciduous forest on limestone outcrops,
Zingiber parishii Hook.f. 80-1,100 m. alt.
Habit. Perennial herb.
Zingiber rubens Roxb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Habit. Perennial herb.
Lumphun, Lampang, Nan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai; NE: Sakon Nakhon.
C: Saraburi.
Distribution. India, Vietnam.
Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed dipterocarp forests,
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, bamboo forests, mixed
700-900 m. alt.
400-900 m. alt.
Zingiber sadakornii P. Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber parishii Hook.f. subsp. phuphanense Triboun & Habit. Herb.
K. Larsen Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Dry evergreen to mix deciduous forest. Zingiber simaoense Y.Y. Qian
Habit. Perennial herb.
Zingiber pellitum Gagnep. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. China.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forests, 700-900 m. alt.
Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. In dry evergreen to deciduous forests, low alt. Zingiber smilesianum Craib
Habit. Perennial herb.
Zingiber peninsulare Theilade Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Habit. Perennial herb. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket. Distribution. China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In hill evergreen and pine forests, 800-1,700 m. alt.
Habitat. In disturbed evergreen forests.
Zingiber spectabile Griff.
Zingiber petiolatum (Houltum) Theilade Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. P: Throughout the region.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Malaysia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 400 m. alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forests, low altitude.
Zingiber tenuiscapus Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber puberulum Ridl. var. puberulum Habit. Herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Tak.
230 1
Bibliography
Boonkerd, T. 2006. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 51: 143145.
________. 2009. Asplenium inaequilaterale: A new record for Thailand. ScienceAsia 35: 386387.
Boonkerd, T. & Nooteboom, H.P. 2001. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand.
Blumea 46: 581583.
Boonkerd, T. & Pollawatn, R. 2000. Pteridophytes in Thailand. Ofce of Environmental Policy and
Planning, Bangkok, 312p.
________. 2002a. Leptochilus minor Fe (Polypodiaceae), a new record for Thailand. The Natural History
Journal of Chulalongkorn University 2: 13.
________. 2002b. The rst record of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex
A.Heller (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 30: 7274.
________. 2004. A revised taxonomic account of the fern genus Woodwardia (Blechnaceae) in Thailand.
Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 32: 15.
________. 2006. Pteridophyte ora of Thong Pha Phum National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.
The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6: 1730.
________. 2011. Adiantum capillus-junonis Rupr.: An additional species of Adiantum L. (Pteridaceae) for
Thailand. ScienceAsia 37: 370372.
Boonkerd, T. & Suksathan, P. 2009. Asplenium gueinzianum Mett. ex Kuhn (Aspleniaceae), newly
discovered in Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 9(1): 9598.
Boonkerd, T. 2006. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 51: 143145.
Boonkerd, T. 2009. Asplenium inaequilaterale: A new record for Thailand. ScienceAsia 35: 386387.
Boonkerd, T., Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suddee, S. 2004. Additions to the Pteridophyte ora of
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 32: 611.
Forest Botany Division. 2001. Thai Plant Names, Tem Smitinand, Revised Edition. Royal Forest Department,
Bangkok (In Thai).
Holttum, R.E. 1950. Zingiberaceae in Malay Peninsular. The Gardens Bulletin Singapore 13(1): 6572.
Jenjittikul, T. and Larsen, K. 2000. Kaempferia candida Wall. (Zingiberaceae), a new record for Thailand.
Thai For Bull (Bot.) 28: 4549.
________. 2002. Two new species of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of
Botany 22: 3538.
Kress, W.J. & Larsen, K. 2001. Smithatris, a New Genus of Zingiberaceae from Southeast Asia. Systematic
Botany 26(2): 226230.
________. 2005. Distribution patterns and diversity centres of Zingiberaceae in SE Asia. Biol. Skr. 55:
219228.
Larsen, K. & Larsen, S.S. 2006. Gingers of Thailand. Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden
Organization.
Larsen, K. & Mood, J. 1998. Siamanthus, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Nordic Journal
of Botany 18: 393397.
Larsen, K. & Triboun, P. 1999. Hemiorchis rhodorrachis K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae), a new record for
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (Bot.) 28: 3943.
Larsen, K., Lock, J.M., Maas, H. and Maas, P.J.M. 1998. Zingiberaceae. in ed. Kubitzki, K. The Families
and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. 4: Flowering plants Monocotyledons (Alismataceae
Commelinaceae except Gramineae). Springer, German. p. 474-495.
Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2004. Adiantum phanomensis (Adiantaceae), a new fern species from
Peninsular Thailand. Harvard Papers in Botany 8: 137140.
________. 2009a. New combinations in the ferns of Thailand. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66(2): 355361.
________. 2009b. Development of a multi-access key to the ferns of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin
(Botany), Special Issue: 134137.
________. 2009c. Lecanopteris pumila Blume (Polypodiaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) 37: 5963.
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suddee, S. 2008. Two new species of ferns from Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) 36: 4651.
________. 2013. Asplenium contiguum Kaulf. (Aspleniaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) 41: 6163.
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suksathan, P. 2012. A new species of Rhachidosorus (Rhachidosoraceae),
a genus new to Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany), 40: 102104.
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J., Boonkerd, T. & Suddee, S. 2009. Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai
ferns. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 37: 64106.
Lindsay, S., Phutthai, T., Sridith, K., Chanthanaotrapint, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2012. Actinostachys wagneri
(Schizaeaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 40: 1416.
Lindsay, S., Suddee, S., Middleton, D.J. & Pooma, R. 2004 [2003]. Matoniaceae (Pteridophyta) - a new
family record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 31: 4752.
Lindsay, S., Suksathan, P, & Middleton, D.J. 2010. A new species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from northern
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 38: 6769.
232 1
Maknoi, C. 2008. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) with particular
reference to its occurrence in Thailand. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Prince of
Songkla University.
________. 2009. A preliminary study of the genus Hornstedtia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) Special Issue: 138142.
Maknoi, C. and Sirirugsa, P. 2002. New records of Zingiberaceae from Southern Thailand. Natural History
of Siam Society 50(2): 225237.
Maknoi, C., Sirisugsa, P. & Larsen, K. 2005. New records of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand.
Thai For Bull (Bot.) 33: 7174.
Mood, J. & Larsen, K. 1997. Cornukaempfera, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Natural
History of Siam Society 45: 217221.
________. 1999. New to cultivation: the genus Cornukaempferia in Thailand with description of a second
species. The New Plantsman 6: 196205.
Nanakorn, W. 1990. The Floristics Treatment of the Tribe Andropogonae: Subtribe Andropogoninae,
Anthistiriinae and Saccharinae (Gramineae) for the Flora of Thailand. Dissertation submitted for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York.
Ngamriabsakul, C. 2008. Caulokaempferia sirirugsae sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from southern Thailand.
Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 325328
Norsaengsri, M. 2006. Systematics of Poaceae Subtribe Setarinae in Thailand. Thesis for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, Khon Kaen University.
Phonsena, P.; Chantaranothai, P.; Meesawat, A. 2012. Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from
Thailand. Blumea 57(2): 116124.
Prajaksood, A. & Chantaranothai, P. 2002. A New Species of Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) from Thailand.
Kew Bulletin, 57: 499501.
Prajaksood, A., Parnell, J.A.N. & Chantaranothai, P. 2012. New taxa and new combinations of Eriocaulaceae
from Thailand. Kew Bull. 67(1): 131.
Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.). 1993. Flora of Thailand 6(1). Diamon Printing, Bangkok.
Seidenfaden, G. & Pedersen, H.. 2003. Contributions to the orchid ora of Thailand. XIV. Nordic
Journal of Botany 22: 525534.
Seidenfaden, G. & Smitinand, T. 19581964. The orchids of Thailand: a preliminary list. The Siam
Society, Bangkok, Thailand
Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.). 1972. Flora of Thailand 2(2). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1975. Flora of Thailand 2(3). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1979. Flora of Thailand 3(1). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1985. Flora of Thailand 3(2). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1988. Flora of Thailand 3(3). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1989. Flora of Thailand 3(4). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
Saensouk, P., Theerakulpisut, P. & Chantaranothai, P. 2007. Cornukaempferia larsenii sp. nov.
(Zingiberaceae): A new species from Thailand. The Natural History of Chulalongkorn University,
7(2): 115119.
Saensouk, S. & Larsen, K. 2001. Boesenbergia baimaii, a new species of Zingiberaceae from Thailand.
Nordic Journal of Botany 21: 595597.
Saensouk, S & Jenjittikul, T. 2002. Kaempferia grandifolia, sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) a new species from
Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 21:13942.
Saensouk, S., Chantaranothai, P. & Larsen, K. 2003. Notes on the genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) in
Thailand. Thai For Bull (Bot.) 31: 95104.
Sirirugsa, P. 1989. The genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 9: 26770.
________. 1992a. A Revision of the genus Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Natural
History Siam Society 40: 6790.
________. 1992b. Taxonomy of the genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin
(Botany) 19: 115.
Sirirugsa, P. & Larsen, K. 1995. The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of
Botany 15(3): 301304.
Sirirugsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. 2007. The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) : distribution and
classication with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gard Bull Sing 59 (1&2): 203220.
234 1
Suksathan, P. 2004. A new species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Thailand. American Fern Journal
94(2): 7780.
Suksathan, P., Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2010. Polystichum hookerianum (C.Presl) C.Chr.
(Dryopteridaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 38: 120123.
Suksathan, P. & Triboun, P. 2004. A new species of Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand.
Edinburgh Journal Botany 60(3): 513516.
Theilade, I. 1999. A synopsis of the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany
19(4): 389410.
Thitimetharoch, T. 2004. Taxonomic Studies of the Family Commelinaceae in Thailand. Thesis for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Khon Kaen University.
Traiperm, P. 2007. Systematics of Ischaeminae and Rottboellinae (Poaceae) in Thailand. Thesis for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Chulalongkorn University.
Triboun, P. 2006. Biogeography and Biodiversity of the genus Zingiber in Thailand. Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis in Biology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen.
Wilkin, P., Suksathan, P., Keeratikiat, K., Van Welzen, P. & Wiland-Szymaska, J. 2012. A new threatened
endemic species from central and northeastern Thailand, Dracaena jayniana (Asparagaceae: tribe
Nolinoideae). Kew Bulletin 67: 697705.
________. 2013. A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan
(Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae). PhytoKeys 26: 101112.
Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Deyuan, Hong (eds.). 2000. Flora of China Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through
Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
________. 2006. Flora of China. Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
________. 2009. Flora of China. Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
________. 2010. Flora of China. Vol. 23 (Acoraceae through Cyperaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all who have offered generous support on this work:
Atchara Teerawatananon (Poaceae), Charal Maknoi, Mark Newman, Pramote Triboun, Surapon Saensouk,
Thaya Jenjittikul, Wittaya Kaewsri (Zingiberaceae), David A. Simpson (Cyperaceae), Minoru N. Tamura
(Liliaceous group), Paul Wilkin (Dioscoreaceae, Dracaenaceae), Somran Suddee (Orchidaceae), and
Stuart Lindsay (Pteridophytes).
We welcome any comments for the improvement towards the next version revision.
236 1
C
CM
MY
CY
CMY