THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ORMOSIA

(LEGUMINOSAE)

By

Velva

E.

Rudd

Introduction

Ormosia

of

the

plant

kingdom

is

genus

of

tropical

legumes

com-

prising some

100 species,

about half of which

are American,

the other

half native to

the Old World.

All of the species are woody.

Some are

timber trees

as much

as

60 meters

tall,

others

are small

and

scrubby,

and

at

least

two

species

have

been

reported

as

scandent.

Seeds

of

some species are believed

to have pharmaceutical properties.

Native

use

of

the

seeds

as

beads

inspired

the

name

Ormosia,

based

on

the

Greek word hormos,

meaning necklace.

There

is

no

general

treatment

of

the

American

species

of

Ormosia.

The not

existing been

regional in

floras

have

limited

scope

and

some

areas

have

included

any recent floristic work.

Among

the

available

collections are several taxa new to science. The below. present study is based on specimens from the herbaria listed

To the curators of these institutions, the writer of is most grateful. names are

who made such material

available,

Abbreviations

herbarium

those

of

Lanjouw

and

Stafleu

(Index

Herbariorum,

part

I,

ed

5.

1964).

A B BM BR C CAS DS F G GH IAN IJ INPA K LL M MER

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard Botanisches British Museum, Berlin.

University.

Museum

(Natural History). Bruxelles. Copenhagen.

Jardin Botanique de l'Etat,

Botanical Museum and Herbarium, California Academy of Sciences.

Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University. Chicago Natural History Museum. Geneve.

Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Gray Herbarium of Harvard Institute Agron6mico do

University.

Norte, Bel6m.

Science Museum, Institute of Jamaica. Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazdnia, Manaus. The Herbarium and Library, Kew.

Lundell Herbarium, Texas Research Foundation. Botanische Staatssammlung, Universidad de los Andes, Miinchen.

MSrida, Venezuela.

279

280

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

MEXU

Her bar io Nacional del Institute de Biologfa, Universidad Nacional de Mexico.

MO NA NY F

Missouri Botanical

Garden.

U.S. National Arboretum. New York Botanical Garden. Museum gam ie, National Paris. d'Histoire Naturelle, Laborato ire de Phanero-

POM R KB S SI TRIN U UC US USFS VEN Y

Pomona College. Museu Nacional, Kio de Janeiro.

Jardim Bot&nico, Kio de Janeiro. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm. Institute de Botdnica Darwinion. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. Botanical Museum and Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Utrecht.

U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Forest Service Herbarium, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Institute Botdnico, Caracas. Yale University.

School of Forestry,

The citations of

"F.

M.

Neg." refer to Field Museum

[now Chicago

Natural

History

Museum]

negatives

of

a series

of

photographs

taken

in

European The maps

herbaria

by in

J.

F,

Macbride paper are

during based

1929

to

1939. Base Maps

presented

this

on

Goode

No.

101

M,

copyright

by

the

University the work

of

Chicago

Press.

The line

drawings

are chiefly

of Mrs. Martha H. Niepold.

Historical Consideration

The genus

Ormosia was presented

to

the scientific world

by

George

Jackson, on

F.L.S., 6,

in

paper It

read

to

the

Linnean the

Society

of

London as an

February

1810.

was

published

following

year

"Account to the

of

Ormosia, Order

a of

new

Genus

of

Decandrous (Trans.

Plants Soc,

belonging Lond. 10:

Natural t.

Leguminosae" It

Linn.

358-362,

25-27.

1811).

included

three

species:

Ormosia

coccinea, 0.

based

on

Robinia

coccinea

Aublet, 0.

from

French from

Guiana; the West

coarctata, The

from

British was

Guiana; referred

and by

dasycarpa, to

Indies.

latter and is

Jackson cited as

Swartz's

Sophora

monosperma,

now

correctly

Ormosia

monosperma

(Sw.)

Urb.

An earlier generic name, (Fam. 2 :326.1763),

Tovlichiba, had been proposed by Adanson the same Plumier illustration "M.S. 7,

based on

t.

145"

(pi.

1)

that

Jackson

cited

as

"a

very

good

representation" published as

of a

his

Ormosia

dasycarpa.

However, no

Tovlichiba

was

monomial to it.

and,

apparently, the

specific names have ever been the International Code of

ascribed

Under

provisions 2 :98.

of

Botanical coccinea

Nomenclature

(ed.

1935),

Ormosia

Jackson,

with

0.

RTJDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

281

(Aubl.)

Jacks,

as

the

type,

has

been

conserved

against

TovUehiba

Adanson. De only Candolle, the three in his Prodromus of (2 :97. No 1825), new listed under Ormosia were

species

Jackson.

American

species

added three

until species

1837,

when on

Vogel

(Linnaea

11

:405.

1837)

described next 25

based

Brazilian

collections.

During

the

years

seven more species were published,

two by Tulasne and

five by

Bentham. Spruce,

Among

the by

latter

were and

three

new

species in his

of

Richard of

validated

Bentham,

included

treatment

Ormosia 1862).

for This

Martius' brought

Flora the

Brasiliensis total

(Fl.

Bras.

15

(1)

: 314-319. to

American

species

of

Ormosia

about a

dozen, the

exact number depending on specific interpretation.

No

additional

species

of

American

Ormosia

were

published

until

about

the

turn

of

the

century.

Urban

added

one

species

in

1899

and

another

in

1908.

Glaziou

published 1909.

two

nomina

nuda

in

1906.

Huber published

one species in

The

largest

increase

in

the

genus

occurred

in

the

1920%

when

about was

15

American in

species who

were not

added.

The

most

active

worker also

Ducke,

Brazil,

only

collected

the

material

but

described 11 new species and published taxa. He also published the genus

treatment of the Amazonian with two species,

Ormosiopsis

now being transferred

to

Ormosia.

Since added

1920, in addition to Ducke's work, the literature, Kuhlmann mostly and singly,

about 20 species have been Benoist, Harms, Huber,

to

by

Kleinhoonte, Macbride, recognizes as new.

Campos and

Porto, Rudd.

Pittier, The

Monachino, paper

Standley, 50

Schery, of

Pires,

present 16

species

American

Ormosia}

including

described

The treated

history by

and

synonymy and Chen 6

of

Ormosia

in 3

the

Old

World 1943)

has and

been van to in of

Merrill

(Sargentia

:77-117. and will

Meeuwen

(Reinwardtia

:225-238.

1962) to

be

referred

the present paper only when pertinent

New World

taxa.

None

the species has been Hemispheres.

found

to be native

to

both

Eastern

and Western

Economic

Consideration

The and

wood

of

most

species

of In

Ormosia Mexico,

is

used

locally of

for

building

furniture

construction.

the

wood

O.

isthmensis

"is

used

for

ax

handles, that of

railroad O.

ties,

house-posts,

and

general "for

con-

struction"

and

toledoana for

{0.

macrocalyx) and

general

construction Fieldiana 24

and (5)

sometimes 1946).

canoes"

(Standley

Steyermark,

: 311.

Bentham states in his original descrip-

tion of O. panamensis,

"wood durable and used for building purposes."

282

CONTRIBUTIONS

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In

Dominica

"the

coarse-grained,

hard

wood

of

caconier

[0.

mono-

sperma] building

is

used

by

Carib

and and

Creole

alike

for

shingles 12

and

general In

purposes"

(Hodge

Taylor,

Webbia

: 565.

1947).

French

Guiana

0.

paraensis

is

called

"bois

de

tournerie"

(collector's

notes,

Bena

1157).

"Sucupira

branca,"

0. Jlava,

has

been

reported

as

having

"wood

very

durable;

used

for

construction"

(collector's

notes,

Froes

1913, from Maranhao, Brazil).

According to Record and

Hess

(Timbers of 0.

of

the

New

World, is "not

300. easy

1943), to

the

wood

of

Ormosia, poorly;

exclusive

coutinhoi,

work,

finishing

durability

doubtful.

coarse

unattractive

wood,

apparently

of

no

commercial

possibilities."

The

wood

of

Macrovle

(0.

coutinkoi),

however,

"will

take

high

polish;

probably

resistant

to

decay.

Appears suitable for good furniture" An Asiatic species, 0.

(Record

and Hess, known

op, as

cit.,

292).

hosiei Hemsl,

& Wilson,

"Hung-tou

shu"

or

"red-bean

tree"

has

been

described

as

"one

of

the

most

beautiful of all Chinese trees and its red-colored wood, which is heavier

than

water,

is esteemed

above

all

other Chinese

wood

for

high-grade

cabinet Am.

work." No.

(Rehder 4 : 94.

and

Wilson

in

Plantae

Wilsonianae,

Publ.

Arb.

1916.)

Natives colored

of

both of

the

Old

and

New

World

have

used

the

brightly and as

seeds

Ormosia

as

beads

for

personal

adornment

"gems"

in

ornamentation

of

weapons

and

other

objects.

Necklaces

and earrings featuring

Ormosia seeds are offered for sale

to the

tourist

trade

in

several

countries. are used medicinally. In eastern Venezuela 0.

The

seeds

also

monosperma,

"pionia

montafiero,"

is

"the

seed

used

by doctors;

cook

seed and drink for pains of the heart; also cooked seed placed in water, given to children to put around their necks for sore throat" (collector's

notes,

Steyermark of of

61330). species of Ormosia have been tested as possible 52,

Seeds sources

several

pharmaceutical

preparations.

Hess

and

Merck

(Ber.,

1976.

1919) 0.

reported

that 0.

seeds

of

0.

"dasycarpa" not 0.

[actually

the

red-

seeded

avilensis, fide B.

or

venezolana, personal

dasycarpa

(0.

monothe

sperma) , alkaloids ological

Krukoff, and

communication]

contained a

ormosine effect

ormosonine, that of

and

that the former had Lloyd and

physi-

resembling

morphine.

Horning

(Am. the

Chem.

Soc. and

Jo urn.

80

:1506-1510. alkaloid in

1958)

further

investigated from of 0.

problem of O.

isolated

the

panamine, at least,

supposedly from seeds to

seeds

panamensis In tests

[actually, dogs,

part,

macrocalyx]. hypotensive In man

with

panamine

has

been

found

have

action. plants Bull. and their contained U.S. alkaloids" Dept. (Willa1961)

"Alkaloid-bearing and Schubert,

Tech.

1234,

A.R.S.,

Agric.

nine

species

of

Ormosia

are

listed,

with

references

to

the

chemical

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

283

literature.

As

stated

in

the

introductory

remarks,

the

plant

names

used are not necessarily true taxonomic synonyms, and it is not always

possible to know what material the chemist had at hand.

In the light

of the present taxonomic study,

at least two of the specific determina-

tions

should

be

changed,

as

indicated

above,

and

third

species,

0.

stipitata,

is

synonym

of

the

true

0.

panamensis.

Geographic

Distribution

Ormosia

is

essentially

tropical

genus

with

an

extension

to

about

30*

N.

latitude

in

Asia

and

30

S.

latitude

in

eastern

South

America

(fig.

1).

MEftCATOfl

N*KKM

Figure 1.Geographic distribution of the genus Ormosia*

Most

American

species

are

components

of

tropical

or

subtropical

rain forest; some, along 0. the rivers

such near

as

0.

excelsa and level;

0.

smiikii)

occur on wet land 0. mono8permat

sea

others,

including

tovarensis, at

0. venezolana, of

and

0. colombiana,

are found on mountain 0. costvlatd areas. an a earlier transand O.

slopes

elevations are able

about

10002000 dry woods of

meters;

bahiensis The

to survive in

or savanna genus

present

disjunct much in

distribution

the

suggests

continuous

and

more

extensive

range,

possibly

with

pacific connection

Cretaceous

and Early Tertiary

time.

The vari-

ous taxa appear to have developed from a common gene pool.

Today,

284

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although

there

are

no

species of

Ormosia common

to

the

Eastern

and

Western best

Hemispheres, is the

there

must of

be 0.

some

close

relationships. to certain

The

example

similarity

panamensis

Chinese

species such

as 0. polysperma,

0.

xylocarpa,

and

0.

kenryi.

The most

widespread

Ormosia

species

of

the

Old

World,

0.

calavensis,

known

from

the

Philippine members

Islands of the

south

to

Australia, section

resembles, Unicolores,

in

many

characters,

American

especially

0.

macrocalyx. Excelsae

Other and

species

with also

unicolored show

seeds,

such

as of

those

of

series

Isthmenses,

varying

degrees

kinship

with

species

of

the

Eastern

Hemisphere.

The

species

with

the

strikingly marked red and black seeds, such as those of series

Coccineae

and Monospermae,

are singularly American,

although some Old World

species show a tendency toward bicoloration with mottling or banding.

There are many gaps in our distribution records, not only of Ormosia but also of related genera, so many areas that are unknown botanically,

that

it

is

premature The

to

generalize

about

areas not

of

origin

or

paths

of

migration.

paleobotanical

record

does

provide

any

definite

clues.

Apparently,

no

fossils have been

ascribed

to

Ormosia.

The individual maps

and

the

citations

that

appear in

the following

text

illustrate

the

current Ormosia.

geographic

information

concerning

the

American

species of

Morphological

Characters

All

species

of

Ormosia

are

woody;

some

are

large

trees

to

about

60

m.

tall;

a few

are

small

and scrubby,

not

more

than

about

4-5

m.

high, have

and been

two,

0.

scandens, as

from

Asia, The

and

0,

coarctata, may be

from

Brazil, or

described

scandent.

trunks

buttressed

not,

the

diameter

breast

high

not

more

than

or

m.

The

bark

is

gray and rough. and heavy, or

The wood characters have been summarized as hard so, the grain irregular or roey, the heart-

moderately

wood

pinkish,

reddish,

or

brownish and Hess,

yellow,

the

sap wood

whitish

to

yellowish or gray 300, 301, pi. 45,

(Record fig. 1.

Timbers of the New World, Investigaciones 2 : 89.

292,

1943;

Ortega-Gonzales, tropicales,

sobre

utilization

industrial de

maderas

Mexico,

1959).

The young stems, leaves, floral axes, and fruit are densely pubescent, velutinous quently axes notes or tomentulose, the in most species, sericeous in others, fre-

glabrescent,

stems at

terete

or somewhat the

angular, The et al.

the floral collector's

often for

fasciculate, specimen

least 0.

toward

base.

one

of

macropkylla

(Maguire,

no.

37603)

state,

"stems

hollow;

ant infested," with nitrogen-fixing in the bacteria may in occur in

Apparently, members of

symbiosis as

Ormosia,

is

customary

Leguminosae

general.

Nodules are present on the roots of at least one herbarium voucher of

EtfDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

OBMOSIA

285

0.

eoaretata

at

Kew:

"seedling

of

Barakaro

month Forest

old

from

forest G.t

nursery,

Mazaruni

Station,

British

Guiana,

Dept.

B.

Record no.

4363,

Field

no.

Famhawe

1627."

Stipules

are

deltoid

or

linear,

about

0.5-15

mm.

long,

pubescent

like the stems, lacking.

usually caducous, usually

not known in some species, stipels are sometimes

possibly in a

Minute,

acicular,

found

few species.

The

leaves

are

imparipinnate, or,

the

lateral

leaflets

paired,

or

ap-

proximately

so,

3-19-foliolate,

sometimes,

unifoliolate.

The leaf-

lets

mostly

are

large,

their

blades

1.5-35

cm.

long

and

0.5-20

cm.

broad,

coriaceous

or

subcoriaceous,

the

upper

surface

essentially

glabrous,

the

lower

glabrous

to

densely

pubescent.

The

basal

leafThe

lets usually

are the smallest and the

terminal

leaflet the largest.

axis

may

be

as

much

as

50

cm.

long,

or

more,

the

maximum

length

often

not

recorded

because

herbarium

specimens

tend

to

represent

the smaller, the

more easily collected veins essentially

examples. and

The venation is pinnate, parallel, or arcuate and

secondary

straight

only

approximately

parallel,

the

tertiary

veins

and

veinlets

parallel

or reticulate.

The inflorescences are racemose, many-flowered, terminal or pseudoterminal with the branch resuming growth after flowering. The

axes,

bracts,

and

calyx

are

uniformly

pubescent,

sometimes

glabres-

cent.

The

bracts

are

stipule-like,

deltoid

to

lanceolate,

about

0.5-

10

mm.

long

and

0.5-4

mm.

broad, are

pubescent paired,

like

the

floral the

axes, calyx,

frequently

caducous.

Bracteoles

subtending

deltoid to filiform, times caducous, flowers deltoid is

about 0.5-8 mm. long persistent The the 5 at

and top is

0.5-1 of

mm. broad, some-

sometimes

pedicel* with 5 subThe

The equal

are

5-merous. or lobes, the

calyx of

campanulate tube

teeth

base

the

hypanthoid.

corolla

papilionoid, yellow, is

petals violet,

separate, or

essentially purple. in others,

glabrous, In some

greenish species with

white,

pink,

blackish

the

color

fairly

uniform

and

constant, red,

variable

contrasting stamens

markings

of white,

green,

or purple. filaments separate to

The

are

alternately

subequal,

with

the base, inserted on the inner surface of the calyx tube. stamens, in some cases, apparently are sterile, sometimes

The smaller reduced in

number,

or

lacking

(viz,

0.

semicastrata

Hance,

Chinese

species,

with only The

5 fertile stamens). is pubescent and essentially is sessile in most species, toward the and

ovary

commonly the apex,

3-6-ovulate. sometimes in a

The

style

decreasingly

pubescent curved a few

glabrous, lateral

characteristically (fig. 2); in

with

bilobed

stigma

position

species

occasional individuals of others,

the style is straight or nearly so, with

the stigma oblique or terminal.

286

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The

fruits

are

1-6-seeded,

moderately

compressed

to

somewhat

inflated,

dehiscent in

most species with

the valves separating,

usually

without

distortion.

few

species

are indehiscent.

The

valves

may

be densely pubescent or glabrous 1 mm. thick or carnose, 34

at maturity, thick, or

coriaceous and scarcely may be woody, 1-7

mm.

they

mm.

thick.

In one American species,

0. panamensis,

there are septae

between

the

seeds,

character

also

found

in several

Asiatic

species.

The

color of

the fruit, light to

if glabrous,

may be fulvous or grayish.

to

blackish brown;

if pubescent,

dark brown,

The seeds of many American species, including the type,

0. coccinea,

are

bicolored the

red

and

black. other

The

marking are

of

some

species

is

very

constant;

seeds

of

species

characteristically

variable

from

all

red

to

almost

all

black,

even

within

the

same

pod.

One

species is bicolored yellowish seeds, red, yellow, or black.

and red. The

Other species have unicolored species, 0. exeelsa,

yellow-seeded

apparently represents arrested chemical development, as the immature seeds of red-seeded species frequently are yellow in color but turn red

gradually,

even

when

removed

from

the

pod.

In

shape,

the

seeds

commonly or

are

elliptic, The

slightly in

compressed, species

but is

also

may 1-5

be

globose long,

lenticular.

hilum

most

elliptic,

mm.

and

terminal;

in

0.

coutinhoi

the

hilum

is

circumcinct,

30-45

mm.

long,

and

in

0.

cinerea} counts

somewhat

transitional,

about

20

mm.

long.

Chromosome Atchison for 0.

of

2n=16 0.

have

been [as

published

by

Earlene and 0.

krugii,

macroealyx

0.

panamensis],

monosperma [as 0. dasycarpa]

(Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 65

:118-122.

1949;

Amer.

Journ.

Bot.

38

538-546.

1951).

Taxonomic

Position

Ormosia is a genus of papilionoid legumes of tribe Sophoreae. to the to As base, is characteristic filaments of

the subfamily Faboideae, tribe, the at stamens are of

the

separate

the

being

connate

their

point

attachment The

the

calyx. closely related appear to be Clathrotropis and

genera

most

Diplotropis, by the

and,

possibly, is

Sophora.

Ormosia is so that

primarily recognized bilobed stigma in is

style, Two

which

usually genera

curved are

the

lateral. paper,

segregate with

combined

with

Ormosia

this

Ormosiopsis,

its style

slightly curved,

or straight, placing

the stigma in

terminal or oblique position,

and Macroule, character-

ized

by

large

seeds

with

the

hilum

longer

than

in

other

American

species of

Ormosia.

Comparative

morphological

studies

are

needed

to

establish

re-

lationships, not only within of the tribe

the Sophoreae, but also with the members subfamily Caesalpinoideae,

Dalbergieae and genera of the

such

as Swart zia and Aldina,

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OP

ORMOSIA

287

Systematic

Treatment

Ormosia Jacks.

Ormosia Jacks.

Trans.

Linn.

Soc.

Lond. 1763.

10:360,

t.

25-27.

1811.

Nom.

cone.

Toitlichiba Adans. Fam. 2:326. Layia Hook. & Am. Bot.

Nom. rejec. 183. 1833, non Hook. & Arn. ex DC.

Beech. Voy.

1838. Macrotropu sensu Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 294. 1861. 1861, non DC. 1825.

Chaenolobium Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 302. Arillaria Kurz, As. Soc. Beng. 42(2): 70. Podopetalum 1828. F. v. Muell. Melbourne

1873. Drugg. 5:12. 1882, non Gaudin

Chem.

Ormosiopsis Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4:61. Macroule Pierce, Trop. Woods 71:2. 1942.

1925.

Trees, scandent;

very

tall

to

small

and

shrubby or,

sometimes,

reported

as

leaves

imparipinnate,

3-19-foliolate,

occasionally

reduced

to

1-foliolate;

stipules

small,

deltoid

to

linear,

caducous,

possibly

lacking in some species; inflorescences racemose, many-flowered, termi-

nal

or

pseudoterminal;

calyx

campanulate,

hypanthoid,

with

sub-

equal

deltoid

teeth

or

lobes;

corolla

papilionoid

about

twice

as

long

as the calyx, the standard

composed of 5 glabrous on

separate petals, yellow to blackish purple, outer face, sometimes with contrasting

the

whitish or reddish as long as the

spot; stamens and 5

10, alternately subequal with 5 about shorter, the filaments separate

standard

slightly

to a

the base, few

attached inside the calyx tube; indehiscent, turgid, red, red, glabrous to

fruit commonly dehiscent, moderately or lenticublack, or

species

densely pubescent, ellipsoid, globose, red

compressed lar,

or

1-6-seeded; or

seeds or

unicolored and

yellow, the

black,

bicolored

and

yellowish

hilum

terminal,

elliptic in

most species,

some-

times linear. The type of the genus is 0. cocrinea cocdnea clature Aubl., (ed. 2 : as designated 1935), in in the (Aubl.) Jacks., International with based on Robinia Code of Nomenof the

98.

connection

conservation

generic name In the

Ormosia. treatment, Ducke's arrangement of the species

following

into sections on the basis of fruit and seed characters has been followed in general, with certain modifications. The species of section Ormosia

have been grouped into and Chen treatment of

series, the

somewhat along the lines of the Merrill and Indo-Chinese species.

Chinese

In the keys,

identifying characters are used that are not necessarily When convenient, vegetative characters with adequate reproductive parts are

technical taxonomic criteria. are included since specimens

not always available.

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Key

to

Sections

and

Series

Leaflets with both surfaces essentially glabrous at maturity, arcuate, only approximately parallel, about 5-9 pair;

the secondary veins glabrous

mature fruit

or nearly so; seeds unicolored red, reddish brown, or black. Hilum of seed linear, 20-45 mm. long, the seeds red or reddish brown; fruit

indehiscent,

the valves Iignous,

glabrous,

3-7 cm. broad. Section I. Macroearpae

Hilum

of seed

elliptic,

about

mm.

long

or

less,

the

seeds

bright

red

or,

in

0. flava,

black; fruit dehiscent, the valves coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so 1-3.7 cm. glabrous broad above but the the lower Section II. surface veins usually Unicolores at

at maturity, Leaflets essentially

pubescent straight 10-50

maturity, parallel,

sometimes

glabrate,

secondary the

essentially about

and pair;

although

arcuate

toward

margin,

usually

mature fruit pubescent or glabrous; seed unicolored yellow or red, or bicolored red and black (or, yellowish and red in 0. friburgensis) Fruit indehiscent or tardily with dehiscent; seeds . Section III. Ormosia yellow to red or bi-

unicolored, the

colored

yellowish

red,

or red with

black,

hilum .

relatively 1.

larger

than in other species of the section,

2.5-5 mm. long

Series

Excelsae

Fruit dehiscent; seeds red or bicolored red and black, the hilum relatively small, 1-4 mm. long. Mature fruit glabrous or nearly so, usually nitid. Seeds unicolored red. Valves of fruit fulvous or light brown, carnose-coriaoeo us, septate

between the seeds, 3-5 cm. broad including an alate margin; leaflets with lower surface fulvo- or aureo-sericeous, usually glabrescent. Series 2. Panamenses

Valves of fruit black to ferruginous brown, iignous, sublignous, or coriaceous, not septate between the seeds, 2.5-4 cm. broad, the margin

not alate; leaflets with lower surface pubescent, sometimes glabrate, but never fulvo- or aureo-sericeous Seeds bicolored red and black. Surface of fruit reticulate-rugose; leaflets with . tertiary Series 4. veins veins usually Series 3. Isthraenses

conspicuous, essentially parallel, Surface of fruit not rugose; leaflets

or striate with

Amazouicae incon-

tertiary

usually

spicuous, reticulate or subparallel Mature fruit manifestly pubescent at maturity

Series 5. (unless

Coccineae due to

glabrate

weathering). Valves of fruit minutely velutinous, about sericeous, 1-2 mm* to sub farinose, seeds sometimes irregularly

glabrescent,

coriaceous,

thick;

bicolored, red and black, or varying, from completely red to nearly all

sometimes within leaflets with

the same pod, lower surface

black;

sericeous or minutely

velutinous, or, less commonly, tomentose. Series 6. Nobiles

Valves

of

fruit 2-5

densely mm.

velutinous seeds

or

tomentose, red

Iignous black,

or or

sublignous, sometimes

about

thick;

bicolored,

and

completely red

Series 7.

Monospermae

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OP

ORMOSIA

289

Key to Species and Varieties

SECTION

I.

MACROCARPAE

Fruit

(3.5-)

5-7 cm. 1-2 cm.

broad; thick,

seeds discoid or hilum 30-45

lenticular, mm. long,

3-4

cm.

long,

2.5-4

cm.

broad, (17-)

the

1.5-3 7-8

mm.

wide; in

flowers

20-25

mm.

long,

the

calyx

12-15

mm.

long,

mm.

diameter

(French Guiana; Surinam; British Guiana)

1. O. coutinhoi

Fruit about 3 cm. broad; seeds ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.7 cm. in diameter, the hilum 20 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide; flowers 15-18 mm. long, the

calyx 6-11 mm. long,

3-7 mm. in diameter {French Guiana; Surinam). 2. O. cinerea

SECTION

II.

UNICOLORES

Fruit

1-2 cm. broad; seeds red or black. black (Surinam; northeastern Brazil) 3. O* flava

Seeds

Seeds red. Flowers 6 mm. long, the calyx 4 mm. long; seed 7-9 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, and 6 mm. thick, the hilum 1.2 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide; leaves

7-11-foliolate, the leaflets breviacuminate (Surinam)

. 4.0. melanocarpa

Flowers 15-17 mm. long, the calyx 7-10 mm. long; seed 7-10 mm. long, 10-14 mm. broad, and 6-9 mm. thick, (1-)3-5-foliolate, eastern Peru) 2.5 cm., usually the hilum 2-3 mm. long and the leaflets conspicuously 1-1.5 mm. acuminate

wide;

leaves

(western Brazil; Fruit 2-3.7 seeds cm. broad

5. O. grandiflora with some fine pubescence);

(if less than

red. 18 mm. long, the calyx

Surface of fruit glabrous at maturity; flowers less than usually less than 10 mm. long. 3-4 mm. thick;

Valves of fruit carnose,

seed with hilum

1.2 mm. long and .

mm. wide; flowers 8-10 mm. long (northeastern Brazil) Valves of fruit 1-2 mm. flowers about

O. bahiensis 1 mm. wide;

thick; seed with hilum 2 mm. long and (possibly to 15 mm.).

10 mm. long

Leaflets conspicuously acuminate, the base rounded or subcordate; flowers about 10 mm, long, the calyx 6-7 mm. long (Parfi, Brazil). 7. Leaflets acute or breviacuminate, 10 the base acute to O. holerythra flowers

rounded; long 8

probably

more than

mm. long,

the calyx

7-10 mm,

(Espirito ( I nitida

Santo, Brazil)

Surface of fruit glabrate but retaining considerable fine pubescence at maturity; flowers obtuse 18-25 to mm. long, the calyx usually about 10-15 mm. long; leaflets

breviacuminate

(southern

Mexico to Brazil)

. 9.

O. macrocalyx

SECTION

III.

ORMOSIA

Series 1.

Excelsab

Seeds globose or ellipsoid, 17-20 mm. thick, unicolored yellowish and red, broad; flowers the hilum 4-5 mm. long, mm. long, the calyx

yellow

to

red

or

bicolored

1-1.5 mm. wide; fruit 3-3.5 cm. mm. long (southern Brazil).

8-10

4-5

11. O. friburgensis

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Seeds

compressed, and black,

10

mm.

thick

or

less,

unicolored 1.5-2

yellow mm.

or

red, fruit

or

bicolored cm.

red

the

hilum mm.

2-5

mm.

long,

wide; long.

1.5-3,3

broad; flowers Leaves 5

12-18

long,

the calyx 6-10 yellow

mm. to

11-19-foliolate; long and 2 calyx

seeds mm.

unicolored

orange, broad;

the

hilum

about mm.

mm.

wide; fruit of the

2.5-3.3

cm.

flowers to

15-18

long,

the

and

axes

inflorescences

pallido-

fulvo-tomentose 10. O. excelsa

(Amazon basin of Brazil) Leaves 5-9-foliolate; 2.5-4 mm. mm. long, seeds long the unicolored and 2 mm. red, or bicolored red cm.

and

black,

the

hilum 12-15 Seed

wide;

fruit

1.5-2.5

broad;

flowers

calyx ferruginoan

to fulvo-tomentose. black line, 2.5 about 10 mm. 2 long, mm. basin

red,

sometimes broad,

with

inconspicuous thick,

10 mm. wide;

and

6-7

mm.

the hilum obtuse

mm.

long and

fruit

1.5-2

cm.

broad;

leaflets

to

acute

(Rio

Negro

of Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil) Seed bicolored thick; Hilum red and 2-2.5 black, cm. 4 11-14 mm, leaflets and to 2 long, 10-13

12. O. williamsii mm. broad, 8-10 mm.

fruit

broad;

acute or mm.

breviacuminate. mature the fruit strongly veins

of seed

about

mm. or 9,

long

wide;

rugose;

leaflets

ovate

ovate-oblong,

secondary

scarcely r'aised (S&o Paulo [and Minas Gerais?J, Brazil) Hilum of seed 2.5-3 mm. long and 9, elliptic to oblong, the

. 13, O. minor

1.5 mm. wide; fruit not rugose; leaflets veins moderately raised (Minas

secondary

Gerais,

Brazil)

14.0. vicogana

Series 2,

Panamenses

One species

(P&namd)

15. O. panamensis

Series

3.

Isthmenses

Fruit

about

1.5

cm.

broad, cm.

the

valves

mm. or

thick;

leaflets the

elliptic

to

ellipticsparse,

oblong, minute,

1.5-3.5

broad,

glabrous

nearly

so,

pubescence

appressed

(Panamd)

16. O. cruenta

Fruit 2-4 cm. broad, the valves broad, ately velutinous or

1-3 mm. thick; leaflets mostly more than 3.5 cm. along the major veins, otherwise, moder-

tomentulose

pubescent

to

glabrous. the calyx 7-8 mm. long, cinereo- or fulvo-veluti-

Flowers about

10 mm. long,

nous; fruit 2-3 cm. broad (Mexico to northern Colombia) .17.0. isthmensis Flowers more than 10 mm. long (complete flowers not known in 0. venezolana), the calyx 10-13 mm. long, fulvo- to ferrugino-tomentulose; fruit 2.5-4 cm. broad. Leaves (5-) 7-11-foliolate; fruit (2.5-) 3-3.5 cm. broad; . seeds 12-14 mm.

long, the hilum 2-3 mm. long (western Colombia). Leaves 5-7-foliolate; fruit 3-4 cm. broad; seeds

18. O. colombiana long, the hilum

15-20 mm, . . .

3-3.5 mm. long (Coastal Cordillera, Venezuela)

19.0. venezolana

Series

4,

Amazonicae

Flowers

13-17 mm. long, the calyx fulvo- to ferrugino-tome ntulose. predominantly broadly ovate, cordate, mm. the long lower surface (upper with tightly of

Leaflets

crispate

pubescence;

flowers

15-17

Amazon

basin

Brazil and Peru) Leaflets predominantly elliptic to oblong, rounded

20.0. umazonica to subcordate at the base,

the lower surface with laxly crispate, spreading, or subappressed pubescence; flowers 13-15 mm. long (upper Amazon basin of Peru and Bolivia). 21.0. bopiensis

RTJDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

291

Flowers

18-22

mm.

long,

the

calyx

cinereo-

to

fulvo-tomentulose

(southern

Mexico; British Honduras)

22. O. schippii

Series

5.

Coccineae

Valves of fruit lignoua, 2-7 mm. thick. Leaflets with the lower surface puberulent to tomentulose along the major veins, otherwise minutely appressed-pubescent to subglabrous. Flowers 10-15 mm. long, the the calyx ferrugino-tomentulose, thick; seeds 7-9 mm. long;

fruit

1.5-3 cm. broad,

valves 2-5 mm.

10-15X10-12X

8-10 mm., the hilum 2X1 mm. Leaflets predominantly ovate, or obovate to elliptic, with mid vein tomentulose below, the major secondary veins mostly 4-10 mm. apart forming angles of 60-70 with the mid vein; petiole 3-5 cm. long; petiolules

3-5 mm. long, the pairs of leaflets 2-4 cm. apart; fruit 2-3 cm. broad, the valves 3-5 mm. thick Leaflets elliptic to obovate with 23a. O. coccinea var. coccinea mid vein puberulent or appressedmm. apart, cm.

pubescent below, the major secondary veins mostly forming long, the angles of about 50-60 with

10-25

the mid vein;

petiole

5-7

petiolules 5-10 mm. long, the

pairs of leaflets 5-7 cm. apart;

fruit 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, the valves 2-3 mm. thick. 23b. O. Flowers mm, (13-) long; 16-20 fruit mm. long, cm. the calyx the coccinea var. subsimplex (8-) thick; 10-12 seeds

fulvo-tomentulose, valves 2-3 mm.

2.5-3.5

broad, the

about Brazil)

13-15X13X10

mm.,

hilum

3.5X1.5

mm.

(southeastern O. arborea

24. pubescent to subglabrous. and tertiary

Leaflets with lower surface uniformly Pubescence of leaflets crispate,

the secondary broad,

veins prominent;

fruit with valves 2.5-4 cm.

5-7 mm. 1

thick. with hilum

Hairs of leaflets laxly crispate, mostly about 2-2.5X1-1.5 mm (Manaus, Brazil)

mm, long; seeds

25. O. grossa

Hairs of leaflets minute, scarcely 0.1 mm. long; seeds with hilum 3X1-5 mm. (French Guiana; British Guiana; southeastern Venezuela; upper Amazon area of Brazil) , . 26. O. lignivalvis

Pubescence of leaflets appressed or subappressed, minute, sometimes lacking; fruit Leaves with valves 1.5-3 cm. broad, 2-5 mm. of thick. with secondary forming veins of

7-19-foliolate, raised,

the

lower

surface

leaflets

scarcely

about

12-20 pair, (French

3-7 mm. Guiana;

apart,

angles

60-70 with zuela ; Brazil)

the midvein

Surinam; southern

Vene-

27. O. paraensis the lower surface of leaflets with secondary pair, 5-10 mm. apart, forming angles of veins 45-

Leaves 7- or 9-foliolate, prominent, about

10

50* with the midvein (Brazil, along southern tributaries of the Amazon River) Valves of fruit sublignous or coriaceous, 1-2 mm. thick. 1-1.5 mm. long; leaflets 28* O. elata

Fruit 1.2-2 cm. broad; seeds 6-11 mm. long, the hilum 1-7 (Surinam; British Guiana; middle

Amazon region of Brazil). 29. O. costulata

Fruit 2-3 5-11. Leaflets

cm.

broad; seeds

12-15 mm.

long,

the

hilum

2-3 mm.

long;

leaflets

9 or

11,

the

lower surface

puberulent along the pubescent; seeds

midvein,

otherwise

minutely 767-05765

and 2

sparsely

appressed,

15-17X15-17X10-

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11

mm., red except

for a black

line

along

one

edge,

the

hilum

mm.

long (Jamaica) Leaflets 5-9, the lower along surface the finely puberulent or seeds

30.0. jamaicensis subfarinose, sometimes mm.,

tomentulose

major and

veins;

12-14X10-11X8-9 2 mm. long .

approximately half red

half black,

the hilum

(southern

British Guiana; Rio Bran co-Rio Negro region of Brazil)

31.0. smithii

Series 6.

Nobiles

Flowers

15-27

mm.

long,

the

calyx

(8-)

10-15

mm. long; fruit

1-6

(frequently

4-6)-seeded; leaflets sericeous or subsericeous below. Leaflets predominantly elliptic to oblong, ovate. Fruit (1.3) 2-2.7 cm. frequently broad; seeds 10-13 mm. long, the hilum 3 mm. Rico; Lesser long; Ansometimes suborbicular, obovate, or

leaflets tilles) Fruit

suborbicular

(Hispaniola;

Puerto

32.0. krugii broad; seeds 8-11 mm. long, the hilum 1.5-2.5 mm. long;

1.5-2.2 cm.

leaflets commonly elliptic to oblong. Leaves 3-9-foliolate, sericeous the leaflets coriaceous, major or sometimes veins subcoriaceous, 10-15 pair,

densely

below,

with

lateral

about

diverging from the midvein at angles of 60o-70. Valves of fruit usually glabrate at maturity; leaflets commonly about about

15-30 cm. long, the secondary veins conspicuous, apart (coastal French Guiana; Bolivia;

10-35 mm,

middle and

lower Amazon

basin of Brazil) Valves of fruit fulvo-sericeous long, the at

33a. maturity,

O. nobilis var. nobilis glabrescent; leaflets

little

about 8-18 cm. 5-20 mm. apart

secondary

veins relatively inconspicuous, Bolivar, Venezuela).

(British Guiana and

33b. O, nobilis var. bolivarengis Leaves commonly 9-11-foliolate, the leaflets subcoriaceous, densely to

sparsely sericeous below, with major lateral veins 12-20 pair, 2-10 mm. apart, diverging from the midvein at angles of 50-60 (middle to upper Amazon basin of Colombia, Peru, and Brazil).

33c. O. nobilis var. santaremnenBis Leaflets predominantly ovate, cordate, or subcordate, sometimes elliptic, obtuse at the base. Apex of leaflets acute or breviacuminate, in largest leaflets; fruit 1.5-2 mm. long 1.3-2 to cm. the acumen to about 10 mm. long

broad; seeds 8-9 mm. long, Amazon basin of Brazil;

the hilum southern

(middle

upper

Venezuela; southwestern

Colombia)

34.0. macrophylla

Apex of leaflets acuminate, the acumen 10-30 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 cm. broad; seeds 10-11 mm. long, the hilum 3 mm. long (Pacific coast of Colombia). 35. O. cuatrecasasii Flowers (presumably) less than 15 mm. long, the calyx 4-8 mm. long; fruit 1-3-

seeded; leaflets sericeous to tomentose below. Major veins of leaflets 20-50 pair, 2-10 mm. apart, the leaflets sericeous below (upper Amazon basin of Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia) Major veins of leaflets 10-25 pair, 5-25 mm. apart, the . 36. O. discolor velutinous,

leaflets

tomentose,

or subsericeous below. 1.5-2.3 cm. broad.

Calyx 6-8 mm, long; fruit

Leaves 3-7-foliolate, the leaflets strongly re volute; seeds about 8 mm. long, the hilum 2-2.5 mm. long (Pacific slope of Colombia) . 37. O. revoluta

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

293

Leaves

9-folioIate,

the

leaflets

not re volute;

seeds . . .

10-12

mm.

long,

the

hilum 3 mm. long

(southern Venezuela)

38. O. maguireorum

Calyx 4-6 mm. long; fruit 1-2 mm. broad. Leaflets elliptic, obtuse at the base, tomentose below (Bolivia). 39. O. larecajana

Leaflets ovate to elliptic, cordate to obtuse at the base, finely velutinous to subsericeous below. Fruit 1-1.5 cm. broad; seeds 7-3 mm. long, the hilum 1 mm. in diameter (southern Venezuela) Fruit 1.5-2 cm. broad; seeds 8-10 mm. long, the 40. O. steyermarkii hilum 41. O 2 mm,XI mm. solimoesengig

(upper Amazon basin of Brazil)

Series

7.

Monospekmae

Seed

bicolored,

red

and

black,

the

black

area

about

one-third

to

one-half

as

large as the red. Lower surface of leaflets tomentulose along the major veins, otherwise sparsely and minutely . crisp-pubescent, glabrescent (Lesser Antilles; 42. northeastern

Venezuela)

O. monosperma

Lower surface of leaflets uniformly pubescent or nearly so. Hairs on lower surface of leaflets loosely crispate to subpatent.

Fruit 2.7-3.8 cm. broad; seeds 15-22 mm, long, the hilum 3-3.5 mm.Xl.52.5 mm. (Coastal Cordillera, Venezuela . broad; seeds about 10-13 . to . . Cordillera . 43. O. the Oriental, tovarensis hilum 2-4

Colombia) Fruit 1.5-2,5 cm.

mm.

long,

mm. X 1.5 mm. Blade of leaflets broadly Brazil) ovate to elliptic; calyx about 10 mm. O. long

(Amazonas,

44.

froesii

Blade of leaflets ovate, obovate, oblong, or elliptic; calyx 6-9 mm. long. Leaflets predominantly obovate to elliptic, (-2.5) the pubescence broad; seed laxly cris-

pate to subpatent; fruit 1.5-2

cm.

with hilum

2-4X1.5 mm.; bracts deltoid, about 4 mm. long Pard, Leaflets Brazil) ovate to oblong, the

(British Guiana;

45. O. coarctata pubescence loosely cris-

predominantly

pate; fruit 2-2.5 mm. linear-lanceolate,

broad; seed with hilum 2X1.5 mm.; bracts long (southeastern 46. O. Brazil). fastigiata

about 4-10 mm.

Hairs on lower surface of leaflets tightly Fruit 1.5-2.5 cm. broad; seed 10-12

crispate. mm. long, the hilum 47. the hilum 2.5-3X1-1,5 O. velutina

mm.

(Central

America)

Fruit2.5-3 cm. broad;seed 12-15mm.long, lera Central, Colombia)

3X1.5 mm. (Cordil-

48.0. antioquerisis

Seed completely red or red with a black line or narrow spot along one edge. Leaflets with lower surface Brazil, moderately along to densely crisp-pubescent (Surinam;

British

Guiana;

the northern coast and

Amazon basin). 49. O. stipularig

Leaflets

with

lower and

surface

tomentulose

along

the

major

veins,

otherwise (El Avila,

moderately Venezuela)

inconspicuously

crisp-pubescent,

glabrescent

50.0. avilensis

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Section

I.

Macrocarpae

Ormosia section 1922,

Macrocarpae Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3

:135,

136.

Macroule Pierce, Trop.

Woods

71

: 2.

1942.

Trees;

leaves

3-11-foKolate,

the

leaflets

with

blades

coriaceous,

essentially

glabrous at maturity,

the

secondary

veins

about

5-9

pair,

arcuate,

only

approximately

parallel;

fruit

glabrous,

indehiscent,

lignous; seeds large, 25-40 mm, long, unicolored, red or drying to reddish brown, the hilum linear, 20-45 mm. long and 1.5-3 mm. wide.

Ormosia

coutinhoi,

the

type,

and

0.

cinerea

are

the

only

members

of this section.

The long hilum of the seed is the outstanding character

and is

is

the

chief in

basis these

for two

Pierce's species

genus of

Macroule.

This

character

known

only

Ormosia

in the New World, but

somewhat

similar

long

hila

are

present

in

several

Asian

species.

variation

in

length

of

hilum

occurs

in

other

legume

genera,

notably,

Mucuna,

but is not usually considered sufficient basis for segregation.

1. Ormosia coutinhoi Ducke, 10a. 1922. coutinhoi (Ducke)

Arch. Jard.

Bot.

Rio

de

Janeiro

:135,

136,

t. 9,

Figure 2 Pierce, Trop. Woods 71 : 2. 1942.

Macroule

Tree

to

60

m.

high

or

more;

young

stems

ferrugino-puberulent; cm. long, puber-

stipules not seen; leaves

5-11-foliolate,

the

axis 8-50

ulent

to

subglabrous,

the

petiole

3-5

cm.

long,

the

pairs

of

leaflets

4-8

cm.

apart,

the

petiolules 6-27

8-20

mm.

long, cm.

4-5

mm.

in

diameter,

the blades coriaceous, or the terminal leaflet

cm.

long,

3-16

broad, apex

ovate to elliptic obtuse or acute,

sometimes

obovate,

the

the the

base

rounded surface veins

or

subcordate,

the

upper

surface at

glabrous,

nitid, the ap-

lower

glabrate, about

essentially 6-9 pair,

glabrous irregularly

maturity, only of

secondary

raised,

spaced,

proximately 50 with the

parallel,

mostly

1-3

cm.

apart,

forming

angles or

40-

mid vein; bracts base,

inflorescences deltoid, the

with

axes 1

argenteomm. long

cinereo1 mm. mm.

sericeous, broad long at and

the the

minute,

about

and

caducous,

bracteoles 20-25 tube mm. 7-10

deltoid, long;

about calyx

0.5

broad; 12-15 the

flowers mm.

(17-) the

argenteomm. in

sericeous, diameter,

long,

mm.

long,

7-8

teeth 4-5 mm.

long; petals pinkish to dark purple; fruit

indehiscent,

lignous,

blackish

brown,

glabrous,

nitid

or

sometimes

minutely 2-seeded,

rimose about

with

age,

usually long,

1-seeded,

5-7

cm.

long,

sometimes the seeds,

10-13

cm.

constricted

between

(3.5-) 3-5

5-7

cm.

broad seeds in

with red,

margin drying 1-2

about

mm.

wide,

the or

valves lentic30-45

mm.

thick; cm.

or

reddish thick,

brown, the

discoid

ular, mm.

2.5-4 long

diameter, mm.

cm.

hilum

linear,

and

1.5-3

wide.

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OP

ORMOSIA

295

Type

locality:

"Belem

do

Par A,"

Brazil.

Lectotype

collected

by Ducke

(Museu

Goeldi no. British

16798),

cited below. French Guiana, and the

Distribution:

Guiana,

Surinam,

lower Amazon

region

of Brazil,

in

rain

forest,

"igapo,"

swampy flats,

sandy banks,

and hill

slopes,

at

elevations

up

to

about 400

m.

FRENCH Guyanais Cachoeira (K, NY, 73

GUIANA: M (P), 142

Between M (P),

Charvein 212 M

and

Acarouany, Acarouany, Pires,

Bur.

Agr.

& 243

For. (P).

(U).

Melinon <fe

Grande

Roche,

Rio

Oiapoque,

Maguire,

Maguire

47060

US). Dam, Stahel 251 (A, K, NY, U). Jaffa, Commewijne, Macreabo, Bosbekeer Bosbekeer

SURINAM: 1021 344 (K, U).

Mapana,

Bosbekeer

1025

(U),

1026

(U).

(U). GUIANA: Farwhawe (GH, 8 Two miles E. of Atkinson Field, Irwin 523 [For. U, Dept. B.G. 3259] (K, NY, 165 (US). M&R.,

BRITISH kauria De la Creek, Cruz mile,

US).

Barima

3388

NY,

US). B.G.

Butukari 2013] (K,

Forest, NY).

Bartica-Potaro Near Haiama

Road, Creek,

54th

Dawson

[For.

Dept.

Demerara, Hohenkerk s.n, [For. Dept. B.G. Kumuni Camp, NY). R., Demerara, Path, Hohenkerk s.n. W.

124 B] (K). Dept.

"Santa," Pokorero Creek, 124 C] (K). B.G. Mahaica 582] (K,

[For.

B.G,

Moblissa

Demerara, Cowan

C.

Anderson s.n. 1976

[For.

Dept.

Kaieteur Plateau, Pah: 352 K,

<fc

Soderstrom locality, MO,

(US). [Iter US), brasiliense] 1615 (A, F, s.n. (M). R,

BRAZIL; Bel6m, US),

Without (NY), 585

exact (F, US),

Martius NY, no. R,

Ducke (A,

MG,

NY,

1962

MG,

NY,

16188

[MG

=RB

no.

15491]

(BM,

MG,

P, S, U, US), 16798 [MG no.] (BM, F photo and fragment ex MG, MG lectotype, US); Silva 470 photo US). and (IAN, NY, ex US). Guatipurti, US). Fr. Lima 16572 [MG no.] [RB (BM, F

fragment

MG, Black

MG,

Breves,

Ducke

17093 at

no.J

(RB,

Antonio

Lemos,

48-3032 Our6m,

(IAN).

"On

beach

Caripi," NY).

Spruce AmapA: Rio NY,

s.n. in 1850 (K). Rio Araguarf,

Rio Guamd, do

Pires & Silva 4626 (IAN, Frdes Irwin, & Black 27679

Cachoeira with

Paredao, Oiapoque,

(IAN,

NY). (K,

Iaue, US).

confluence

Rio

Pires,

Weetra

47915

Local

names:

Aguitin,

neko-oudou,

St.

Martin

Wane

(French

Guiana); red

warabokkadan (British

(Surinam);

korokororo, (Brazil).

kurukoruru,

kruk,

horse-eye

Guiana); buiussd

The

woody

indehiscent

fruit of 0.

and

large

seeds In

with

linear

hila

are

distinctively these

characteristic do not

coutinhoi.

my

opinion, and the

however, species is

characters

justify

generic

separation,

retained in

Ormosia rather than segregated in

Macrottle,

Of

the

three

collections 16188,

cited

in

the

original the

description, latter, with

Museu mature

Goeldi fruit

numbers seed is

16572, as

and

16798,

and

designated

lectotype.

2. Ormosia cinerea R. Ben. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 26 :86.

1920.

Fiqubb 2

Tall tree; young stems ferrugino-pubescent with subappressed hairs,

glabrescent; about long, (5-) the

stipules cm.

not long,

seen;

leaves

(3-)

5-7-foliolate,

the

axis cm. mm.

10-20 of

puberulent, cm.

glabrate, the

the petiole 2-3 about 8

pairs

leaflets

3-4

apart,

petiolules

296

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

Figure 2.Ormosia tinhoi: Yt.

section

Macrocarpae:

Geographic b, leaf,

distribution X%; c,

of

species; XX; d,

0.

cov >

a, style showing bilobed stigma, X7; t, seed, X #; /, fruit, XH*

seed,

fruit,

0. cintrea:

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

297

long

and

1.5-2

mm.

in

diameter,

the

blades

subcoriaceous,

elliptic,

6-16

cm.

long,

4-8

cm.

broad,

the

apex

acute

or

obtuse,

the

base

acute lower

to

obtuse,

the

upper at

surface

glabrous, the

nitid

or

subnitid,

the

surface

glabrous

maturity,

secondary

veins

moderately

raised,

about 6-9 pair, irregularly spaced, only approximately parallel,

mostly

1-2

cm.

apart,

forming

angles

of the

45 *-50* hairs

with

the

mid vein; bracts

inflorescences

with

axes

subsericeous,

cinereous,

the

and

bracteoles

deltoid,

mm.

long

or

less,

caducous;

flowers

14-18

mm. mm.

long; long,

calyx 3-7

cinereo-subsericeous, in diameter, the

5-11

mm.

long,

the

tube

4-8

mm.

teeth

1-3

mm.

long;

petals

dark

purple,

the

standard

with

white

stripe

down

the

middle,

the

wings

whitish

at

the

base;

fruit

indehiscent,

lignous,

brown,

somewhat

rugose,

glabrous,

nitid,

1-seeded,

about

cm.

long,

cm.

broad

with

margin

2-3

mm.

wide,

cm.

thick,

the

valves

1.5-2

mm.

thick;

seed in

red

or

reddish

brown,

ellipsoid, 20

about

2.5

cm.

long

and mm.

1.7

cm.

diameter,

the hilum

elongate,

mm.

long

and

1.5-2

wide.

Type

locality:

Maroni

River,

French

Guiana.

Lectotype

col-

lected

by

Wachenheim

(no.

88),

cited

below.

Distribution: (=Marowijne)

Known

only

from in

the

region

of

the

lower

Maroni

and

Mana rivers,

French

Guiana

and

Surinam.

FRENCH US), Jean,

GUIANA: (BM, (P).

Maroni, K);

Melinon 92 Wachenheim For.

(P), 88

s.n.

in

1863

(BM, 305

K,

NY, P).

P, St.

s.n. in 1864 Benaist 877

GH,

(P lectotype), Guyan. 7335

{K,

Mana,

Bur.

& Agr.

(NY),

7357 &

(NY).

SURINAM: Marowijne R., Bosbeheer 609 (U). 2958 NY, (K, U). NY, U). Bigieston, Marowijne R,

Nassau, Lanjouw Lanjouw <f?

Lindeman 3451 (K,

Lindeman (BR,

Montecattinisoord,

Marowijne R.,

Wulkchl&gel 1439

U fragment

ex BR).

Local Martin This and its

names:

Nekooudou, Guiana); only

panacoco agiti a

blanc

de

Marecage,

San

blanc

(French

(Surinam). limited area of French Guiana than

species,

known

from

Surinam,

is less robust 0.

and smaller in flower,

fruit,

and seed

close relative,

coutinhoi.

Pierce was

(Trop. Woods 71:2. to Macrovle

1942)

suggested that 0. cinerea probably several herbarium sheets

referable

and

annotated

with the combined name.

He did not,

however,

officially publish the

combination.

As

indicated

earlier

in

this

paper,

do

not

believe

that

segregation

of

the

two

species,

0,

coutinhoi

and

0.

cinerea,

into

a separate genus is desirable.

Of 305,

the

two

Wachenheim no.

collections chosen

cited

by

Benoist, the

nos.

88

and that

both in

flower, a

88 is

as lectotype; the

packet on of the

sheet

contains

dissected

flower,

probably

basis

original

floral description.

298

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

Section II.

Unicolores

Ormosia

section

Unicolores 1939.

Amah.

Meded.

Bot.

Mus.

&

Herb.

Rijks.

Univ.

Utrecht 52:48. Ormosiopsis Ducke, Ormosia section

Arch. Jard.

Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 4:61. Unicolores

1925. Ducke, Ann.

Bicolores 11:187.

Ducke 1939.

subsection

(Amah.)

Acad. Bras.

Sc.

Ormosia section 1949.

Unicolores

(Amsh.)

Ducke,

Bol.

Teen.

I.A.N.

Belem

18:

154.

Shrubs

or

trees;

leaves

(1-)

3-11-foliolate,

the leaflets with blades

coriaceous secondary

or

subcoriaceous, about 5-9

essentially arcuate,

glabrous only

at

maturity,

the

veins

pair,

approximately

parallel;

fruit dehiscent,

the valves coriaceous or sublignous, glabrous or nearly

so

at

maturity; red or

seeds

small

to

medium-sized, elliptic, 1.2-3

7-15 mm.

mm.

long,

uni-

colored

black,

the

hilum

long

and

0.8-1.5

mm. wide.

The

seven

species

included

in

this

section

seem

to

form

natural

group,

differing

from

one

another

chiefly

in

details

of

flower,

fruit,

and seed size and

in

shape of leaflets.

One species,

0. jiava,

differs in

being black-seeded.

Although

Ducke

originally

reduced

the

rank

of

Unicolores

from

section

to

subsection,

later,

in

1949,

he

indicated

sectional

status

for

the

group,

with

the

previous

circumscription

but without citing

Amshoff as

author.

Two species, section by

0.

holerythra The

and

0. melanocarpa, were ascribed of the two, 0. holerythra, is

to this

Amshoff.

older

herewith

designated

as lectotype.

Ormosiopsis is not considered

to

be generically distinct

and is being

reduced of the

to

Ormosia. lateral

The in

chief

basis

of

separation in

was

the

position

stigma,

Ormosia, of

terminal

Ormo&iopsis. frequently

Actually, oblique, Ormosia

the and

so-called are

terminal

stigmas in

Ormosiopsis of

are

sometimes

found

flowers

unquestioned

"good"

species.

3. Ormosia flava (Ducke) Rudd, comb, no v. Clathrotropis ? flava Ducke, Ormosiopsis jiava 25a, b. 1925. (Ducke) Arch. Ducke, Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3 : Bot. Rio de 134,

Figure 3 1922. 4 : 61, pi.

Arch.

Jard.

Janeiro

Clathrotropis ? sunnamensis Kleinh. Rec. Trav. Bot. Nfierl. 22:61, fig.

11.

1925.

Tree, hairs long;

to

about

35

m.

tall;

young stipules axis

stems

ferrugino-pubescent, deltoid, cm. about 0.5

the

subappressed, leaves

glabrate;

minute,

mm.

5-11-foliolate,

the

about

7-15

long,

moderately

appressed-pubescent,

glabrescent,

the

petiole

2-3

cm.

long,

the

pairs

of

leaflets

2-3 the

cm.

apart,

the

petiolules or

3-5

mm.

long,

1-2 or

mm.

in

diameter,

blades

coriaceous

subcoriaceous,

elliptic

oblong-

elliptic,

4-14

cm.

long,

2-6

cm.

broad,

acute

or

broadly

acuminate,

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

299

the

acumen

to

about or

cm.

long, the

the

base

obtuse,

the

upper

surface

glabrous,

nitid

subnitid,

lower

surface

ferrugino-sericeous

along

the

midvein,

otherwise

glabrous

or

nearly

so,

the

secondary

veins

inconspicuous,

usually

or

pair,

arcuate,

irregularly

spaced,

about 5-15 mm.

apart, forming angles of about 50-60 with the mid-

vein;

inflorescences

with

axes

ferrugino-pubescent

with

subappressed

hairs,

the bracts

and bracteoles

deltoid

or linear-deltoid,

about 1 mm.

long or less; flowers

15-18 mm.

long;

calyx

8-12

mm.

long,

ferrugino-

sericeous,

the

tube

6-10

mm.

long,

5-7

mm.

in

diameter,

the

teeth

about

mm.

long;

petals

yellow,

the

standard

sometimes

with

red

spot;

fruit dehiscent,

coriaceous or sublignous, reddish

brown

or dark

brown,

glabrous

at

maturity,

1-3-seeded,

about

3-5

cm.

long,

often

appearing

stipitate

due

to

abortion

of

the

basal

ovules,

about

1-2

cm.

broad,

slightly

constricted

between

the

seeds,

1.5-1,7

cm.

thick,

the valves

about

1-1.5

mm.

thick;

seeds black,

10-14 mm.

long,

9-14

mm. wide, 9-12 mm, thick, the hilum elliptic,

1.5-2 mm. long and 1-1.5

mm.

wide.

Type

locality:

Rio

Branco

de

Obidos,

Par6,

Brazil.

Lectotype

collected by Ducke

(MG no.

16955),

cited below.

Distribution: "terra flrma."

Surinam

and

lower

Amazon

basin

of

Brazil,

on

SURINAM: no. no. 2834] 1095, (BR, For.

Forest K,

Reserve, US,

Sectie

O, of

Arbor C.

no.

849,

For.

Bur.

Sur.t

(Herb, Arbor

NY, Stir.

isotypes no.

surinamemis). NY). Ducke 1714

Browiisberg,

Bur, ParX: F,

[Herb.

1710]

(K,

BRAZIL: US), 1721

Betem, MG,

Bosque

Municipal,

(A,

F,

K,

MG, (P).

NY, Rio G,

(A,

K,

NY,

US); da Silva 87

(?); Pires &

Black 30

Tapajoz, MG

Cach. do Mangabal, Ducke [MG no.] 16746 BM, of C.? flavat of C.? US), flava, Rio Tapajoz, {RB Pimental, 17081

(FM Neg. 28035 ex Ducke [MG no.]

eyntype MG

16779

(BM,

syntype

US),

no ]

(K,

US).

Rio

Tapajoz,

Francez, Ducke (RB no.] 17080 (K, US).

Rio Branco

de Obidos, Ducke [MG no.] Fr. Lima [MG no.J

16955 (BM, MG lectotype of Clathrotro-pist flava). 11834 P). (MG, US). Castanhal, Ourem,

Benevides, Pires

Colonia 3 de Outubro, & da Silva 4631

& da Silva 4455 (NY, Mata da

Rio

Guam&,

Pires

(NY).

MaranhaS:

Cachoeira, Rio Maracassumg, Frdes 1913 (F, K, NY, U, US),

Local

names:

Tatebojotok

[Arawak],

arieshie

ie

[Carib]

(Surinam,

fide Amshoff); ten to pre to Brazil). Black unique there seeds and the

(Pard, Brazil); sucupira branca

(MaranhaO,

predominantly American

yellow of

flowers

identify In

0. flava

as

among

species

Ormosia. and

Asia,

however, flowers stigma, this

are

several

black-seeded

species,

yellow

or

white

are not uncommon.

The curved

style with

a lateral,

bilobed

as is characteristic of the genus Ormosia, species; the style may be straight,

is somewhat modified in curved, and the

or slightly

stigma

may be

terminal,

or oblique with

one lobe terminal,

the other

lateral.

300

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

Vegctatively,

0. flava

is

essentially

identical

with

the

other

species

of section

Unicolores.

Examination

of

type

material

of C. surinamensis shows that species

to be

conspecific with

0. flava.

Of of

the

three on

collections which this

cited

by is

Ducke based,

in

the

original no.

description at MG,

C. flava,

species

Ducke

16955,

has been

chosen

as lectotype;

that sheet

alone bears a black

seed,

the

outstanding

character of

the

species.

The

other

sheets,

with

flowers

and fruits only, Walter Egler,

are less distinctive, in his list of Ducke's types (Bol. Mus. Emilio Goeldi

II.

Bot.

18

63.

1963),

cites the sheet RB

17111

(MG

11834).

It was

not, flava,

however,

cited

in

the

original

description

of

Clathrotropis?

the basionym of this species,

and cannot correctly be designated

as type.

4. Ormosia melanocarpa Kleinh. Rec. Trav. Bot. N6erl. 22 : 391.1926.

Figure 3

Tree;

young

stems

fulvo-

or

ferrugino-pubescent

with

appressed

hairs, long,

glabrescent; caducous;

stipules

minute,

deltoid, pubescent, scarcely 1 the axis about 8-10 cm.

mm. long,

leaves

7-11-foliolate,

tomentulose, glabrescent,

the petiole 3-5 cm. long,

the pairs of leaflets

2-2.5

cm.

apart,

the

petiolules

3-5

mm.

long and

1-1.5

mm.

in

diam-

eter,

the blades subcoriaceous,

ovate to elliptic-oblong,

5-11

cm. long,

3-5

cm.

broad,

the

apex breviacuminate,

the base rounded,

the upper

surface sparsely ous,

glabrous,

nitid,

the

lower the

surface major

glabrous

or

minutely

and

appressed-pubescent,

secondary

veins

inconspicu-

about

7-9 pair, irregularly spaced, forming angles of 40-50 with

the midvein; inflorescence with axes fulvo-pubescent, the hairs mostly

appressed,

the

bracts

deltoid-ovate,

about

mm.

long

and

mm.

broad,

the

bracteoles

linear,

mostly

less

than

mm.

long;

flowers

about

mm, the 1

long; tube mm.

calyx about long;

about 3 mm.

mm.

long, 2

fulvous, in

appressedthe

pubescent, teeth fruit 1or

long dark

and

mm.

diameter,

about

corolla black

brown

(fide

Kleinhoonte); nitid,

dehiscent, 2-seeded,

coriaceous, 2-3 cm.

or

blackish cm.

brown,

glabrous,

long,

1.3-1.8

broad,

scarcely

constricted

between dark red, elliptic, Type from

the

seeds, mm. 1.2

8-9 long,

mm. 6-8

thick, mm.

the

valves and 6

1-2

mm.

thick; the

seeds hilum

7-9

broad, mm.

mm.

thick,

about

mm. In

long

and

0.8

wide. 0," Surinam. name), Type cited

locality: no. 775,

Forest Reserve, no. 4699,

"Sektion

tree

(Herb.

without

collector's

below. Distribution: Surinam. In forest on sandy ridges, French Guiana and

FRENCH

GUIANA: Forest

Charvein,

Benoist 212

(P). 775, For. Bur, Sur, [Herb.

SURINAM:

Reserve,

"Sektion

O," tree no.

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

301

ao. no.

1409] 5015]

(U), (K,

[Herb.

no.

2391]

(U),

[Herb.

no.

4699]

(K,

NY,

type),

[Herb,

NY).

Perica R.,

Commewijne,

Lindeman 5358

(U,

US).

Local awaakoko,

names:

St.

Martin

jaune iwi,

(French kokriki

Guiana);

agipau,

barakaro korero ibibero

(Surinam).

The flowers, fruit, For the genus, as

and seeds of this species are smaller than average as for the section Unicolores. It has been

well

especially Sower and

helpful fruit

in

preparing to be

description the same

to

have

material

in 0.

known

from

tree.

Otherwise,

melanocarpa has been little

collected.

holotype

was

not

indicated has been

in so

the

original

description, in the

but

the at

collection

cited

above

designated

herbarium

Utrecht,

presumably by

the author of

the

species.

),

Ormosia grandiflora

(Till.)

Rudd,

comb. nov. Far. 4 : 109. Bot. 1844. Jahrb. 33,

Fioxjee

Diplotropis grandiflora Tul. Clathrotropis 1903. grandiflora

Arch.

Mua.

(Tul.)

Harms,

Engl.

Beibl.

72

:27.

Ormosiopsis triphytta Dueke,

Arch. Jard. Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 5

133.

1930. 1943.

Ormosiop&is cuspidata Pierce ex Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 13

: 247.

Tree or shrub pubescent with

to

about

10 m.

tall; young stems ferrugino- or hairs, glabrate; stipules

fulvolinear,

short,

subappressed

pubescent,

about

mm.

long,

caducous; leaves

(1-)

3-5-foliolate,

the

axis

2-15

cm.

long,

moderately

appressed-pubescent

to

glabrous,

the

petiole iolules

1.5-6 about

cm.

long,

the

pairs

of

leaflets 1-2 mm.

1-3.5 in

cm.

apart,

the

pet-

4-10

mm.

long

and

diameter,

the

blades

subcoriaceous, broad, obtuse the to

ovate,

obovate,

or

elliptic, acumen

5-20 6-20

cm. mm.

long, long, the

3-9 the

cm. base sur-

apex

acuminate the upper

with

acute,

surface

glabrous,

subnitid,

lower

face essentially glabrous,

the secondary veins inconspicuous or slightly

raised,

about

5-8

pair,

arcuate,

irregularly

spaced, the

6-30

mm.

apart,

forming

angles of 40-50 with

the midvein,

tertiary reticulations

sometimes

prominent;

inflorescences

with

axes

cano-

to

fulvo-pubes-

cent

with

subappressed

hairs,

glabrate,

the

bracts

linear-deltoid,

1-1.5 15-20 cent, teeth

mm. mm.

long, long;

the

bracteoles 8-12

linear, long,

about

0.5

mm.

long;

flowers

calyx the

mm.

moderately 67 mm,

appressed-pubesin diameter, lilac the

glabrescent, 3-6 mm.

tube petals

4-6

mm.

long,

long;

dark

purple

(fide

Klug),

pale

(fide

Ducke),

or greenish yellow

(fide Ferreyra); fruit dehiscent,

coriaceous

or

sublignous, 1or

black

or

dark 3-5

brown, long, cm.

sparsely 1.3-2 thick,

appressed-pubescent, broad, valves slightly about 1 conmm. 6-11

glabrate, stricted thick; mm.

2-seeded, the

cm.

cm. the

between

seeds,

1.5-2

seeds

bright the

red,

7-12

mm. 2-3

long, mm.

10-14 long,

mm. 1-2

broad,

and

thick,

hilum

elliptic,

mm.

wide.

Type A. R.

locality : Pard, Isotype

Brazil. cited

Type

at P,

presumably collected

by

Ferreira.

below.

302

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

-4* ri 1m &

m J J

' -i f _J L .

\ Th 0. MACROCALVX

J..k 0. GRAND)FLORA 0. FLAVA

"c

.1

' ""T.

i [

V t

L/ K 0. BAHI ENS IS 0. 0. MELANOCARPA 1 M HOLERYTHRA

J '' 7 i

/ . f Y~ }?V

f i

Figure 3.Ortnosia section Unicolorts:

Geographic distribution of species;

1 .

l 1 I i

1 by X Of 'f i 1 1 i a t i.

O. grandifiota:

a, portion of branch showing leaves, fruit, and seed, XK-

Distribution: and Brazil.

In

woods,

"terra

firma,"

Amazon

basin

in

Peru

PERU: Loketo: cuspidata, US).

Yurimaguas, Killip <ft Smith 29068 (A, NY type of Ormosiopsi* de Sacramento, between Tin go Maria and Pucallpa,

Pampa

Ferreyra 1188 (US).

Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,

Klug 1207 (US).

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OP

ORMOSIA

303

BRAZIL: triphylla), Paulo de

Ahazonas: Jauaret6,

Teff,

Ducke

[RB

no.]

17260 IAN,

(US K,

iso-syntype M, NY, US). of

of

0.

S.P.,

Vaups, [Krukoff] no.]

Frdes 21158 12081 15458 (A,

(F, F,

Sfio Rio

Olivenga, Lobo Silva of

Frdes

NY,

US).

Basin

the

Madeiro, Velho, da

[Krukoff 366

Herb,

(NY). exact Ducke

Rond6nia locality, [RB A.

[Guapor^]: R.

P6rto s.n. US,

(US).

Par A:

Without Julia,

Ferreira (NY,

(K isotype

D.

grandifiora).

Santa

no.]

20367

!so-lectotypes of 0. triphylla).

Local

name:

Tento

(Brazil).

Examination shows the

of flowering to be

material and

of

Ducke

20367

and

Klug is

1207,

stigma

bilobed

oblique

to

lateral,

as

charac-

teristic at K is

of

Ormosia. a

The

isotype

of

Diplotropis the

grandifiora have

examined broken

also

flowering

specimen

but

stigmas

been

from the styles.

The other collections cited above,

all in fruit or seed,

including varying

the

type in

of

Ormosiopsis

cuspidata, angle of

are

similar

vegetatively, the leaflets

slightly

prominence

and

venation

of

and

in

shape

of

the

leaflet

base.

In

general,

this

taxon

closely

re-

sembles

other members in

of

the

section

of

Ormosia

to

which

it

is

being

transferred

this paper.

As

lectotype

of

Ormosiopsis

triphylla,

Ducke

20367,

in

flower,

has

been

chosen

rather

than

the

other

syntype,

Ducke

17260,

with

weathered fruit, and with seeds that vary from sheet to sheet, possibly

not belonging

to

this

collection.

6.

Ormosia bahiensis Monachino, Phytologia 4 : 36.

1952.

Figure 3

Tree

about

10

m.

high;

young

stems

fulvo-

to

cinereo-pubescent

with

subappressed

hairs;

stipules

linear-deltoid,

about

2-3

mm.

long

and

mm.

broad, cm.

or

less,

caducous;

leaves

5-7-foliolate,

the

axis

about 8-12 the pairs

long,

glabrous or nearly so, 3-4 cm. 2.5-7 apart, cm. the

the petiole 3-4

mm. long, ovate to or brevi-

of

leaflets cm,

blades the

coriaceous, acute

elliptic,

6-11

long,

broad,

apex

acuminate, the base subcordate or rounded, the upper surface glabrous,

nitid,

the

lower

surface

glabrous

or

sparsely

pubescent

along

the

midvein,

the secondary veins moderately conspicuous,

about 6-8 pair,

forming angles of about 55-60 with the midvein; inflorescences with

axes fulvo- to ferrugino-pubescent with subappressed hairs, linear to deltoid, about 2 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. broad,

the bracts the brac-

teoles linear, about 1 mm. long; flowers 8-10 mm. long; calyx 6-7 mm. long, mm. subvelutinous long and about with subappressed, in diameter, fulvous the hairs, the tube 3-4

5 mm.

teeth

about 3

mm.

long;

petals

purplish;

fruit

dehiscent,

carnose-coriaceous,

sometimes

some-

what lignous, black, cm.

glabrous, nitid,

1-4-seeded, 4-5 the seeds, mm.

cm. long, cm.

2.5-3.7 the

broad, little constricted between 3-4 mm. thick; seeds red,

about 2 long,

thick,

valves

11-13

10

mm.

broad,

8-9 mm.

thick,

the hilum elliptic, about 1.2 mm. long and

mm. wide.

304

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

Type locality:

"Carrasco"

dry

land,

Andarahi,

Bahia,

Brazi'

Type collected by Fr6es Distribution: In

(no.

12629),

cited below. northeastern Brazil.

dry

woodland,

BRAZIL: Gurjau, Agua Lima

PAitAfBA: & Lima

Areia, 106 e

Moraes R).

893

(IAN,

NY,

P).

Pebnambuco: (IAN, R).

Ri

Ducke

(IAN,

Tuima, (RB,

Lima 52-997 US). (A, Ueina CAS,

Usin Recif

Branca, s.n.

Gomes

Leal

Octavio

206

Capiberibe, DS,

(IAN).

Bahia:

Andar&hi,

Frdes

12629

NY type).

Local

names :

Mongol6 (Bahia); murta preta (Paraflba); brauna d

mata,

sucupira

baraquim

(Pernambuco).

As

indicated

in

the

key,

the

relatively

fleshy

fruits

of

this

specie

help

to

distinguish

it

from

others

of

the

section.

7. Ormosia holerythra Ducke,

Arch.

Jard.

Bot.

Rio

de

Janeiro

4:61.

192.

Figure Ormosia tapajosensis Pires, Bol. Tcn. Inst. Agron. No. 38 : 25. 1960.

Shrub or tree to about 5 m. high; young stems fulvo-pubescent wit

subappressed

hairs,

glabrescent;

stipules

linear-deltoid,

1.5-2

mo

long,

caducous;

leaves

5-11-foliate,

the

axis

8-30

cm.

long,

glabrou

or sparsely

appressed-pubsescent,

the

petiole

about

3-6

cm,

long,

th

pairs of leaflets 2-5

cm.

apart,

the

petiolules 3-7

mm.

long and abov

mm.

in cm.

diameter, long,

the

blades

coriaceous, the apex

ovate

to

elliptic-oblong acuminate, th c

3.5-14

2.5-5

cm.

broad,

bluntly

acumen

(5-)

10-20 mm.

long,

the base rounded,

usually

obliquely,

subcordate, glabrous

the

upper

surface

glabrous,

nitid,

the

lower 5

surfac pai

or nearly so,

the

secondary veins inconspicuous,

or 6

irregularly spaced, inflorescences

forming angles of about 50-60 with axes cinereoto fulvo-puberulent,

the mid veil the bracl

with

linear deltoid,

attenuate,

1.5-2.5 mm. long,

0.5 mm. broad at the basi

the bracteoles linear, calyx and 4 6-7 mm. in long,

about

mm.

long; flowers the

about

10 2

mm. mm.

lonj Ion

cinereo-puberulent, the teeth 4-5

tube

about

mm.

diameter,

mm.

long;

petals

dark reddis l-3-seede<

purple;

fruit

dehiscent,

coriaceous,

black, glabrous,

nitid,

4-6.5 seeds, mm.

cm.

long,

2.5-3.6 thick, mm,

cm. the

broad, valves and

somewhat constricted between 1.5-2 8-9 mm. thick; seeds red,

th

1.5-2

cm.

12-1

long, 2

10-12

broad, 1

mm.

thick,

the

hilum

elliptic

about

mm,

long

and "In

mm.

wide. siccis Campinas do AchipicA," net

Type

locality:

arenosis

Rio

Trombetas, Mus,

Para,

Brazil. no.

Type

collected

by

Ducke

("Her!

Amazon.

Paraensis" "Terre

10944), dry

cited below. sandy soil, secondary fores

Distribution: Pard, Brazil.

firme,"

BRAZIL: Par A: Obidos, 20366 Preto, (RB, 8, U). Rio

Barbosa Rodrigues [R no. ] 64377 (R); Ducke [RB nc Manoel, Cachoeira do do CaldeirSo, near above Igaraj Due

S3o

Ptres 3823

(IAN,

NY).

Campinas

Achipicd,

Trombetas,

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

305

[MG

no.]

10944 (IAN).

[RB

no.

17112]

(RB

type,

S,

U). from

Rio

Capim, Nova,

Frdes upper

&

Pires

24162/74

Arboretum

IAN

(cultivated,

Villa

Tapajos

R.), J. S. Rodriguez 205 (IAN, type of 0. tapajosensis, US), 206 (IAN, US); Pires 7643 (IAN).

Local

names:

Pau

do

tentos,

ten to.

Examination

of

specimens

cited

by

the

authors

of

0.

holerythra

and

0.

tapajosensis

shows

the

two

species

to

be

synonymous-

The

type of the former appears to be somewhat depauperate in comparison

with

the

type

of

0.

tapajosensis,

which

was

taken

from

tree

in

cultivation.

The

type

of

0.

holerythra,

although

originally

cited

as

located

in

the

Amazonian of

Herbarium,

was

later Rio

transferred de Janeiro.

by

Ducke

to

the

herbarium

the Jardim

Botanico,

8.

Ormosia

nitida

Vog.

Linnaea

11

: 405.

1837,

non

sensu

Bentham

1862,

non Pram ex King

1897.

Figure 3

Tree fulvous

10-12 hairs,

m.

high;

young

stems

finely

appressed-pubescent pubescent, about 1

with mm.

glabrescent;

stipules

deltoid,

long,

caducous; or

leaves so,

5-9-foliolate, the petiole

the

axis

about the and

6-17 pairs 1

cm. of

long,

glabrous

nearly

2-5

cm.

long,

leaflets diam-

about 2-5

cm.

apart,

the petiolules 5-7 mm. long

mm.

in

eter,

the blades subcoriaceous,

ovate

to

elliptic-oblong,

4-10

cm.

long,

1,5-4.5 cm. broad, the apex acute to breviacuminate, the base rounded

to

acute,

the upper surface glabrous, secondary 5-15 veins mm.

nitid,

the lower surface glabrous about 5-7 pair, irthe

with

major

moderately

evident,

regularly spaced,

apart,

forming

angles of 40-50 with

mid vein; to

inflorescences hairs,

with

axes the

appressed-pubescent deltoid, long;

with

fulvous mm. not

cinereous the

glabrate, linear,

bracts 1

attenuate, complete

1-2

long,

bracteoles

about

mm.

flowers

seen,

probably with

10-15

mm.

long; the

calyx tube

7-10 4-5

mm.

long,

appressedmm. in

pubescent

fulvous

hairs,

mm.

long,

5-6

diameter, glabrous,

the

teeth

3-5

mm. cm.

long; long,

fruit dehiscent, 2.5-3.5 thick, mm. cm.

coriaceous,

black, con-

1-3-seeded,

4-6

broad,

slightly

stricted between the seeds, seeds scarlet, about 12

8-10 mm. long,

the valves broad,

1-2 mm. 8 mm.

thick; thick,

mm.

10

and

the hilum Type Brazil.

elliptic,

about 2

mm.

long

and

mm.

wide. in Espfrito Santo,

locality:

"Vittoria-Bahia," (no.

probably 510),

Type collected by Sellow

cited below.

Distribution: locality.

Known

only

from

the

general

area

of

the

type

BRAZIL: BspfRiTO

Without ?:

exact

locality,

Sellow Sellow

s.n. 510

in (F

1815-17

(BM), 820 (BM). presumably of

Santo

"Vittoria-Bahia,"

fragment,

type ex B; F.M.Neg. Linhares,

1913 of type ex B). (K,

EspIbito Santo: U, US).

Lagda do Juparand,

Rio D6ce, KuhXmann 110

RB,

306

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

NATIONAL

HERBARIUM

Local name: Ormosia

Ten to. Pram ex King (Journ, As. Soc, Bengal 66 : 149.

nitida

1897) name

is

a homonym of polita Prain

0.

nitida Vog. As,

and was superseded by Soc. Bengal 69 : 184.

the new 1900).

0.

(Journ.

Ormosia

nitida

sensu

Bentham

is

actually

0.

arborea

(Veil.)

Harms.

The

misinterpretation

was

recognized

by

Harms

(Report.

Sp.

Nov.

Fedde

19

: 288.

1924)

who

cited

the

type of

0.

nitida Vog.

as SeUow

no.

510.

That

specimen,

at

Berlin,

presumably

is

no

longer

extant

but it is represented by

a photograph,

no.

1913,

of

the Field

Museum

series,

and

by

a fragment at F. on the basis of incomplete material, this species appears

In general,

to

be

most

closely

related

to

0.

maerocalyx,

but,

because

of

the

geo-

graphic

separation

and

minor

differences,

as

indicated

in

the

key,

believe

that,

for now,

at least,

the

two

taxa

should

not be

combined.

9.

Ormosia maerocalyx

Ducke,

Arch. Jard.

Bot.

Rio

de

Janeiro

3:137.

1922. 3

Figure Ormosia apulemis Cortes, Flora de Colombia, 61. 1919, nomen nudum.

Ormosia toledoana Staadl.

Carnegie Inst. Bol. Tc.

Publ. 461:64. Agron.

1935. 1944.

Ormosia chlorocalyx Ducke,

Inst.

Bel6m, 2:23.

Tree

to

about

40

m.

high;

young

stems

finely

pubescent with

sub-

appressed hairs, glabrate; stipules linear,

about 5 mm. long,

caducous;

leaves

7-11-foliolate,

the

axis

10-45

cm.

long,

sparsely

pubsecent,

glabrate,

the

petiole

4-10

cm.

long,

the

pairs

of

leaflets

2.5-5

cm.

apart,

the petiolules

6-8

mm.

long,

1.5-3 mm.

in diameter,

the blades

coriaceous 3-9 cm.

or

subcoriaceous, the apex

ovate to

to

ovate-oblong,

6-19

cm.

long,

broad,

obtuse

breviacuminate,

the

base rounded

to

subcordate,

the

upper surface glabrous, nitid

or subnitid, the lower

surface

glabrous,

the

secondary 10-15

veins mm.

inconspicuous, apart, forming

about angles

5-8 of

pair

irregularly

spaced,

about

about

40-60 with pubescent 1 mm.

the mid vein; appressed

inflorescences hairs, the

with

axes

cinereo3-10

to

fulvolong,

with

bracts

linear, 1-1.5

mm.

broad mm.

or less,

the bracteoles subulate, 8-15 (3-) mm. 8-10 long, mm. to

mm.

long;

flowers sub-

18-25

long;

calyx

pubescent long, 8-10

with

gray,

appressed the teeth

hairs, 3-5

the

tube long;

mm.

in

diameter, dehiscent,

mm.

petals

lilac

dark but

purple; often

fruit

coriaceous,

black

or

brown,

glabrescent

with

considerable

fine, fulvous pubescence at maturity, 3-10 seeds, cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. broad, valves

1-6-

(commonly 2- or 3-) constricted thick;

seeded, the 10-

slightly 1.5-2

between red,

10-15

mm.

thick,

the

mm.

seeds

13

mm.

long,

10

mm.

broad,

7-8

mm.

thick,

the

hilum

elliptic,

1.2-

1.5

mm.

long,

mm.

wide. Teff6, Amazonas, Brazil. Type collected

Type

locality:

Lake

by Ducke

(no.

7345),

cited below.

RTJDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

307

Distribution:

In

wet,

swampy

forest,

"igapo,"

southern

Mexico

to

the Amazon

basin

of Brazil,

at elevations

up

to

about

100 meters.

MEXICO: K, S, U, US).

Vebacruz: Tabasco:

Fortufio, Cocoital,

Rfo Coatzacoa lcos, LL

Williams 8926 (US). (NY), 1052 (A,

(F,

G,

Comalcalco, Guzm&n s.n.

GUATEMALA: BRITISH

Escuintla:

"Lower coast," Forest

Pettersen 9984 Schipp

HONDURAS: G,

Toledo: MO,

Home, US).

BM,

type of 0. toledoana, COSTA RIGA:

GH, K,

NY, S,

UC,

HebedIa: del

Muella de San

Carlos,

Holdridge 5203 Cooper & (F,

(F). 125 (A, US,

PA NAM A: GH, Y). Sta., NY, US,

Bocas Y).

Toro:

Changuinola

Valley, & &

Slater GH, (US). Y).

ChibiquI: Ancon

Progreso,

Cooper Schubert

Slater 243

NY,

Canal

Zone:

(cultivated), K, M).

Lindsay 602 Kluge 14

Parafso

Hayes 522

(BM, BR,

PanamA: Soledad s.n. (SI,

Chepo,

(US,

CUBA: m). no.]

Las Villas: 66

Cienfuegos, Gonzales

(cultivated, US);

introduced

from

PanaHerb,

Atchison 15153

(US);

Walsingham

[Krukoff

(NY), s.n.

(NY). Between Campo Carabobo and San Brito 40 Carlos, Ariate-

VENEZUELA: guieta 3252 Barrancas, (US,

Cojedes:

VEN).

Pobtuguesa: US); Rfo

Ptritu, <fe

(VEN).

Babinas: US).

Diaz 3

{MER,

Ruiz-Ter&n Loretoyacu,

Marcano-Berti 1172 (F,

(MER,

COLOMBIA: mabca :

Auazonas:

Sckultes 6088

US).

Condina-

Rio Apulo, Lobeto:

Triana 4336

(BM, isotype of 0. apulensis). NY, NY, US). R, 81,

PERU:

Gamitanococha, Rio Mazdn, Schunke 214 (A, F, Pa rand do Careiro, Ducke 1998 (A, MG,

BRAZIL:

Amazon as:

U, US), 2133 (MG, R, SI). (A, DS, F, NY, US). (A, F,

Lago do Genipapo, Rio Javari, Fr&es {Krukoff] 12083 Frdes [Krukoff] 12206/119 ParanA do (A, F, NY, SI,

Rio Tonantins, NY, SI, US).

US),

12208/121

Manaus,

Xiborema,

Frdes

29622 (IAN, NY, US), 29638 (IAN, 5 (IAN). Manaus, Frdes Ducke [RB

NY, UC, 24060

US); Manaus, Rio Janoeir6, Corner G, K, NY, NY). P, RB, 8, U, US).

no.]

(F,

Camatian,

24047

(IAN,

NY,

US),

23982

(IAN,

Lago

Teff4,

Ducke Esperof 0.

7345 (BM isotype). anga, Rio SolimSes, NY, R,

Rio Teflfe, Assahituba, Frdes 26114 (IAN, NY, US). "boca SI, do Javari," Ducke 1516 (A, F, K, MG

type

chlorocalyx,

US).

Local

names:

Colorln,

caracolillo

(Mexico);

alcornoque,

casique,

pernilla (Brazil);

del

monte

(Panam&);

chocho

grande

(Colombia);

ten to

huyruro to

(Peru). (Bol. Mus. Par. Emilio Goeldi II. 18 :63,

According

Egler

1963), the type of 0. macrocalyx is at MG. men but an isotype from BM has been

I have not seen that specifor study. apulensis, with 0. 0.

available to to

The

collections and 0.

previously toledoana

assigned all appear

Ormosia be

chlorocalyx,

conspecific

macrocalyx characters.

although The

there

are

minor

differences, for

especially

in

leaflet

material

from

Panam&,

example,

commonly

has subcoriaceous, subnitid leaflets, blunt at the apex; collections from

Brazil

mostly

have

coriaceous, variations

nitid are

leaflets, not

with

acute

to

breviThe

acuminate flower

tips.

The

consistent, to dark

however.

color

varies from

somewhat, Panam&

from

lilac

purple. introduced from as O.

Specimens Panami,

and

Cuba,

the

latter and

have

been 3

erroneously

identified

distributed

767-057OS

308

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM

THE

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HERBARIUM

panamensis.

Examination

of

the

type

of

0,

panamensis

shows

it

to

be

distinct species. of the Mexican collections cited above as 0. macrocalyx, LI.

One

Williams

8926,

was

included

as

paratype in

the

original

description

of

0.

istkmensis

but

with

the

note

that

it

"exhibits

some

differences

from

the

type,

and

it

is

possible

that

it

really

represents

different

species."

Section

III.

Ormosia

Ormosia Jacks. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10 : 360. Toulickiba A dans. Fam. 2 :326. 1763.

1811.

Nom. cons.

Nom. rejec. Mart. FI. Bras. 15(1) : 315,

Ormosia, Concolores [rank not designated] Benth. in 1862.

Ormosia, Discolores [rank not designated] Benth. in Mart. 1862. Ormosia section Concolores fam. 3(3) : 194. 1892. (Benth.) Taub. in Engler & (Benth.) Taub.

Fl. Bras.

15(1)

: 318.

in Engler & Prantl Natur, Pflanzen-

Ormosia section Discolores fam. 3(3) : 194. 1892.

Prantl Natiir.

Pflanzen-

Ormosia subgenus Toulickiba (Adans.)

Prain, J.

As.

Soc. Beng. 69

:176.

1900. 1922. 1922 Sc.

Ormosia section Flavae Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 3

:135. :135.

Ormosia section Bicolores Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3 Ormosia section 11 :187, 192. Bicolores 1939. Bicolores 1939. subsection Vulgares Ducke, Ann. subsection Subglobosae Ducke, Ann.

Acad.

Bras.

Ormosia 11

section 192.

Acad.

Bras.

Sc

:187,

Trees

or

shrubs; or

leaves

(1-)

3-19-foliolate,

the leaflets above

with at

blade:

coriaceous

subcoriaceous,

essentially

glabrous

maturity

but usually pubescent below,

tomentose,

velutinous, sericeous,

or sub

farinose,

sometimes straight

glabrate, and

the

secondary fruit

veins

about

10-50 to

pair

essentially

parallel;

dehiscent,

glabrous

dens el]

velutinous, the valves lignous, sublignous, or coriaceous; seeds small t<

large, black,

8-25

mm.

long,

unicolored

red

to

yellow,

or

bicolored, long.

red

an<

or yellowish with red,

the hilum

elliptic, (Aubl.)

1-5 mm. Jacks.,

This section is typified by O. coccinea genus.

the type of th

The large red,

majority seeds,

of American and belong

species

of

Ormosia

have black

an<

bicolored

to

this section.

Several

species in

eluded here have seeds that are unicolored, red, or yellow, but in othe characters show closer relationship to the typical species of the sectioi than to members of section Unicolores. Concolores are and Discolores^ separate to section Ormosia a

All of the species in on the

Bentham's

basis of leaflet pubescence,

referable

interpreted

in

this paper.

RUDDAMERICAN

SPECIES

OF

ORMOSIA

309

Series 1.

Excelsae Rudd, ser. nor.

Ormosia section Flavae Ducke, Ormosta 11 section 192. Bicolores

Aroh.

Jard.

Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 3 Ducke, Ann.

:135. Acad.

1922. Bras. Sc.

subsection

Subglobosae

; 187,

1939, in part. Bicolorea subsection Vulgares Ducke, Ann. Acad. Bras. Sc. 11 :

Ormosia section 187, 192.

1939, in part.

Arbores dehiscens,

vel

arbusculae;

fructus vel

indehiscens

nonnumquam

tarde saepe

valvulis

coriaceis

sublignosis,

pubescentibus,

glabratis;

semina

unicolora

flava

vel

coccinea

aut

bicolora,

flava

macula hilo

rubra

notata,

aut

bicolora,

coccinea

macula

nigra

notata,

elliptico,

2.6-5

mm.

longo.

Chief

distinguishing

characters

of

this

group

of

species

are

the

indehiscent fruits, hila relatively

usually than

opening only in other

by decay, of

and

the

seeds with The

longer

species

section

Ormosia.

members seem

of

this

series

may

be

transitional to one

to

other

groups,

yet

they

to show closer relationships

another.

The

type

of

this

series

is

0.

ezcelsa

Spruce

ex

Benth.,

which

bears

the oldest specific name, and is also the type of Ducke's section Flame.

10.

Ormosia ezcelsa Spruce ex Benth. in Mart.

Fl.

Bras.

15(1)

: 318.

1862. Figure 4

Sclerolobium 4 : 61.

polyphyllum

Benth.

ex

Ducke,

Arch.

Jard.

Bot.

Rio

de

Janeiro

1925, nomen in synon.

Tree

to

about

15

m.

high;

young

stems

ferrugino-tomentose;

stipules less, 8-20 the

linear,

attenuate,

3-4

mm.

long,

mm.

wide at the the axis

base

or

tomentose, cm. long, of 1

caducous; to

leaves

11-19-foliolate, the

about long, mm.

fulvo-

cano-tomentose, 1-2.5 the cm.

petiole

4-7

cm. 2-3

pairs and or

leaflets in

about

apart,

the

petiolules or

long

mm.

diameter, oblong,

blades 2-9

coriaceous long, the

subcoriaceous, cm. broad, the

ovate lower

obovate

to

about

cm.

24

leaflets

frequently

much

smaller

than

upper

and

terminal

leaflets, the

the apex acute to acuminate, surface glabrous along or the

the base rounded

to

subcordate, the lower

upper

sparsely pubescent, mid vein,

subnitid, mostly about

surface pallid,

puberulent the

otherwise

glabrous, 9-11 60 pair, with

secondary parallel,

veins moderately mm. apart, with

conspicuous, angles

essentially the

3-5

forming axes

of

about

mid vein;

inflorescences

densely

pallido-

to

fulvo-

tomentose, long, 1

the

bracts or

deltoid less, the

to

linear,

attenuate, linear,

about 3

4-5

mm. long; mm.

mm.

broad mm.

bracteoles densely

about

mm. 7-10

flowers Long, 5

15-18 mm.

long;

calyx the

pallido-tomentose, long, the teeth

in

diameter,

tube 4-5

mm.

about 4-5

mm. long; petals lilac to purple; fruit indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, coriaceous, fulvo-pubescent or glabrate, dark brown, 1or 2-seeded,

310

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4-7

cm.

long,

2.5-3.3

cm.

broad,

only

slightly

constricted

between

the

seeds, to

12-14

mm. 15

thick, mm.

the

valves 10-15

1.5-2 mm.

mm.

thick; 8 mm.

seeds thick,

pale the

yellow