Figure - available from: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
Muntingia calabura is a neotropical tree. It is a reforestation tree that grows quickly. It has been neglected as a forest tree for a variety of reasons. However, M. calabura may be a viable alternative food and bioenergy source due to its ability to grow in hard conditions and, the fruit is nutritious. The fruit maturity stage is indicated by colo...
Similar publications
Online monitoring of fermentation processes is a necessary task to determine concentrations of key biochemical compounds, diagnose faults in process operations, and implement feedback controllers. However, obtaining the signals of all-important variables in a real process is a task that may be difficult and expensive due to the lack of adequate sen...
Citations
... From the article reported that the upper part of the leaf that is adjacent to the cuticle was smaller in size and phenolic compounds were mostly present in that area. The inner portion extended to the mesophyll was filled with mucilaginous content 28 Two important bioactive catechin elements Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and genistein are discovered in Muntingia calabura leaves 29 . By using QR induction assay fractionating an ethyl acetate soluble extract of M. calabura leaves leads to purification of the new flavanone [3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3dihydrochromen-4-one] is a metabolite of [3,5,8- trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4one], along with this 24 other flavonoid was also reported that include [(2S)-7-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2,3dihydrochromen-4-one], [5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one], [5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one], [5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4one], [7-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one], [chyrsin], 3-methoxy-5,7,4 -trihydroxyflavone,3,3 -dimethoxy-5,7,4 -trihydroxyflavone, [5,7- The polyphenolic fruit extract contained considerable amounts of vitamin C (33.6 mg AAE gG 1 extract) and E (14.7 mg tannic acid equivalent/g extract), total phenolics (121.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), flavonoids (173.2 mg rutin equivalents/g extract) and anthocyanins (82.4 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside extract/g extract) estimated using standard spectrophotometric techniques. ...
Muntingia calabura is a blooming evergreen plant. This plant has a unique traditional significance in
different parts of the world. Based on traditional value pre-clinical research being conducted around the
world, including identified phytochemicals responsible for various pharmacological activities. This review
focuses on the taxonomical classification, worldwide geographical distribution, isolated constituents,
traditional importance, therapeutic activity as well as the toxicity of the plant extract on animals. All the
data included in this article was gathered from different online search engines. As a result of the survey
signified that this plant has several traditional utilization-like headaches, tranquilizer, antispasmodic,
including colds, gastric ulcers, antibacterial, insomnia and so on. Modern scientific studies have revealed
that M. calabura has significant pharmacological properties, such as gastroprotective, anti-cancer,
hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic, which are attributed to various phytochemicals found
in various parts of the plant which are identified by using various techniques. This review focuses on
ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemicals, toxicity and pharmacological properties, as well as
continuing pre-clinical trials. Moreover, the review’s findings will be valuable in building a full plant profile,
which will support the investigator in subsequent research and fill in the gaps in clinical investigations.
... Similarly, Thai and Indonesian Malayan cherry fruits exerted a TPC of 1.11-10.85 mg GAE/g (Nasution et al., 2022;Simamora et al., 2020). The major phenolic compounds in this fruit are caffeic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, gallocatechin, and protocatechuic acid (Pereira et al., 2018). ...
Daun mindi (Melia azedarach L.), buah kersen (Muntingia calabura L.), serta daun dan bunga tapakdara (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don) digunakan masyarakat Baturraden dan Sumbang (Banyumas) untuk pengobatan tradisional diabetes. Penelitian ini mengkarakterisasi beberapa parameter mutu simplisia dan ekstrak ketiga tumbuhan tersebut. Simplisia dibuat dari bahan tumbuhan yang dikumpulkan dari tiga desa di wilayah kecamata Baturraden dan Sumbang. Morfologi makroskopik dan mikroskopik, profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), kadar fenolik total, dan kadar flavonoid total simplisia, serta kadar air, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam ekstrak dianalisis dengan metode standar dalam Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) 2017. Karakter makroskopik, fragmen diagnostik, dan profil KLT dari simplisia hasil penelitian ini diusulkan untuk menjadi standar dalam memastikan kebenaran identitas simplisia. Kadar fenolik total dan kadar flavonoid total simplisia daun mindi, buah kersen, serta daun dan bunga tapakdara masing-masing sebesar 0,74±0,07 dan 0,99±0,31; 1,62±0,36 dan 1,39±0,11; dan 0,94±0,02 dan 1,98±0,04%. Nilai tersebut diusulkan sebagai standar untuk aspek kandungan masing-masing simplisia. Data kadar air, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam diusulkan sebagai standar aspek kemurnian dari masing-masing ekstrak.
... In this study, MIC and MBC values of E. coli and B. subtilis were 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL respectively. From the finding, M. calabura fruit extract can be considered as weak bacteria inhibitor [27]. Low value could be explained because of the presence of various phytochemical compounds, f o r e x a m p l e polyphenolics which interferes the antimicrobial activity of the extract. ...
... Low value could be explained because of the presence of various phytochemical compounds, f o r e x a m p l e polyphenolics which interferes the antimicrobial activity of the extract. Moreover, the compounds might exert antagonistic effect on the bioactive compounds that perform antimicrobial activity [27]. Further optimization on M. calabura extraction is suggested to ensure pure target phytochemicals could be obtained for efficient antimicrobial activity. ...
Muntingia calabura (M. calabura) is an indigenous fruit species that is widely distributed in Malaysia and traditionally believed for constituting medicinal properties, yet little-known and underutilized. Hence, this study aimed to perform an extraction of M. calabura fruit to identify phytochemicals potential by carrying out several analysis such as Total Phenolic Content, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Besides, the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of M. calabura were also identified from Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and brine shrimp lethality tests. The finding suggested that further study on the modification of M. calabura extraction should be carried out to explore maximal potential of M. calabura as natural medicine and commercial use.
... [15][16][17] Muntingia calabura, popularly known as calabura, is found in Brazil and Asia, in countries such as China and the Philippines. 18,19 Calabura is considered to be a fruit with high amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, 20,21 which arouses interest in the investigation of this species in health and food research. ...
The purpose of this article is to compare the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from Muntingia calabura peel using conventional methodology and ultrasound‐assisted, in addition, to verify the best extraction conditions, varying the drying temperature of the peels, time and solvents, and then, to verify the cytotoxic and antiproliferative action of Muntingia calabura extracts by the Allium cepa. It was verified through the analysis of total phenolic compounds, ABTS and iron‐reduction capacity that the best conditions were ultrasonic extraction, with a temperature of 50 °C, 50% aqueous ethanol solution and extraction time of 60 min. Regarding the quantification of TPC, ABTS and FRAP in calabura peel, there was a variation from 571.33 to 1444.67 mg EAG/ 100 g of dry peel for TPC, 19.36 to 115.74 mg Trolox/ 100 g for ABTS and 306.73 to 1608.97 for FRAP. Regarding the cytotoxic effect on root growth of Allium cepa, it was found that both conventional and ultrasound‐assisted extraction had an effect on onion root growth. In addition, together with the results of the analyzed cells and the literature, it can be verified that Muntingia calabura peels also have an antiproliferative effect. This effect is due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds found in the analyzed extracts, such bioactive compounds are responsible for inhibiting cell division in meristematic cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Preparations topically applied to the skin (apart from their antioxidant activity, which is extremely important in the prevention of cell aging processes) are characterized by antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms occurring on the skin [5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. ...
... It is clear that most green plants, vegetables, and fruits are major sources of natural antioxidants. Consuming these antioxidants in the human diet is a reasonable way to reduce brain dysfunction, cardio-vascular disease, cataracts, and risk of cancers [11,13,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. ...
... The surface disinfection tests of preparation 1 (P1) obtained from the leaves of R. idaeus L. and preparation 2 (P2) obtained from the leaves of R. fruticosus L. by standard EN 13697:2015 consisted of a dilution method of this preparations and their neutralization in which microorganisms were treated with the preparations at concentrations of 14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63, and 70 g/100 mL for time 60 ± 10 s and at 20 ± 1 °C with the addition of a loading substance (bovine serum albumin). Using EN 13697:2015, the bactericidal activity was determined against undiluted preparations 1 and 2 at a concentration of 70 g/100 mL as well as against appropriately diluted preparations at concentrations of 14,21,28,35,42,49,56, and 63 g/100 mL in order to evaluate the bactericidal activity of a given preparation from the active concentration (63 g/100 mL) to the inactive concentration (14 g/100 mL) [65]. ...
The plants of the genus Rubus (R.) are applied as antiseptic agents in the treatment of skin diseases. Despite the great interest in plants of this genus, there are few reports on the antioxidant and biological activities of preparations obtained from the leaves of these plants. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the antioxidant activity of preparations from leaves of wild plant species of the genus Rubus using the frequently applied DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, as well as to determine the total polyphenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and perform qualitative evaluation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bactericidal and fungicidal activities of the obtained preparations were evaluated by applying laboratory tests: using the disc and the well methods based on the standards EN 13697:2019, EN 13697:2015, and EN 1500:2013. Microbiological tests of the plant preparations against bacteria, fungi, and yeasts isolated from the environment and against reference strains were performed. Moreover, antimicrobial testing of antibiotics against the tested strains was performed for comparison. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient of the obtained preparations was determined by the shake-flask method to determine their lipophilicity. According to the results, a high content of polyphenols and other antioxidant and biologically active compounds can be thought of as the parameter responsible for the effective activity of plant preparations obtained from wild plant species of the genus Rubus. The methods for determining bactericidal and fungicidal activity clearly demonstrates that preparations with reduced ethanol content exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal activity on surfaces. Testing of hand disinfection by means of rubbing with the preparations confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12 NCTC 10538. The obtained results show that the tested preparations exhibit on average two times lower activity against the reference bacterial strains than comparable antibiotics. The preparations obtained from the leaves of R. idaeus L. and R. fruticosus L. could complement classical antibiotics. While environmental bacteria showed a similar response to the preparations and antibiotics, their sensitivity was about one-third less than that of the reference strains. Our studies have shown that the obtained preparations are highly hydrophilic (logP < 0). Thus, these preparations can only be used in lipid bilayers in the aqueous core of liposomes, not in the lipid envelope. Keywords: leaves of Rubus idaeus L.; leaves of Rubus fruticosus L.; biologically active preparations; bioactive compounds; antioxidative potential; antimicrobial activity Citation: Kucharski, Ł.; Cybulska, K.; Kucharska, E.; Nowak, A.; Pełech, R.; Klimowicz, A.
... This allows it to be converted into fermentable sugar for use in the next phase of bioethanol production. The efficiency of hydrolysis depends on several factors (Nasution et al., 2022). This category includes: The amount and quality of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as the crystallinity, porosity, and the crystallinity of the cell walls, all of these characteristics are important . ...
Anaerobic digestion is recognized as an attractive option for the effective management and treatment of lignocellulosic biomass as well as waste recovery of resources for bioethanol production. Long enough testing has been done on bioethanol production using lignocellulosic biomass. This helps to reduce stress and global energy problems. Global wide has a variety of environmental impacts due to its use of fossil fuels. Bioethanol might be produced in Asian locations from many types of biomasses, including agricultural waste, forest waste, and wood biomass. This would be an environmentally friendly process. Unfortunately, there is very little research into the production of ethanol from rice field weeds. This makes it difficult to develop bioethanol production. This review is aimed at developing bioethanol production and the trend towards organic products that began nowadays. Unwanted weed growth is a major problem in rice cultivation. This review demonstrated the waste-to-energy aspect of the bioethanol production process using two weeds, gooseweed (Sphenoclea Zeylanica), and small-flowered nutsedge (Cyperus difformis).
The longan fruit, widely grown and consumed in Southeast Asia, contains an abundance of essential natural chemicals present in its flesh and seeds. The microwave‐assisted approach is used to extract these components, which include total phenolic compound and corilagin. The optimization of the extraction process included factors such as the sample ratio (0.5–1.5 g/30 mL), time (10–20 min), and microwave power (600–700 W). These variables were examined using the response surface approach. The statistical analysis revealed that the data was most accurately represented by a quadratic polynomial equation. The decision coefficients for total phenolic compounds and corilagin were found to be 0.9956 and 0.9485, respectively, indicating a high level of accuracy. The result was that the optimal conditions to obtain the highest total phenolic compound and corilagin from longan extract are 22.214 mgGAE/gDW and 55.137 mg/gDW, respectively. The sample was extracted under a ratio of 0.97 g/30 mL set at microwave power at 695.74 W, with an extraction time of 15 min. This study suggests that microwave‐assisted, water‐based extraction can produce healthful, eco‐friendly concentrated longan extracts, yielding high levels of corilagin and phenolic compounds.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) were synthesized with Muntingia calabura leaf extract as solvent and eggshell waste as a calcium source. The synthesized nanoparticles were irregular rod-like, as visualized by FESEM, while EDX and XPS studies confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite. The synthesized HAp NPs were polycrystalline and highly thermostable as per XRD and TGA studies respectively. FTIR confirmed the stable coating of plant phytochemicals onto the HAp NPs. Congo red adsorption using HAp NPs nanoadsorbent was optimized by central composite design, wherein 89.96% of 33.18 mg/L dye was adsorbed in 137 min at 180 RPM. The adsorption process was in line with pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm indicated chemical adsorption. The adsorption process was feasible, exothermic, and spontaneous as indicated by the thermodynamic studies. The adsorption capacity of HAp NPs stood at a maximum of 217 mg/g, indicating its superiority among other adsorbents reported earlier. It is evident from the convincing results that the HAp NPs synthesized in the present investigation may have a major role in developing novel adsorbents for dye removal out of wastewater streams.
