African skimmer

Rynchops flavirostris

The African skimmer is a near-threatened species of bird belonging to the skimmer genus ''Rynchops'' in the family Laridae. It is found along rivers, lakes and lagoons in Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Skimmer, juvenile seen in Caprivi Stripe African skimmer,Caprivi,Geotagged,Namibia,Rynchops flavirostris,Spring,Zambia

Appearance

African skimmers have long wings, with a black back, hindneck, and crown. The forehead and rest of the body is white, with a bright, long, orange beak that ends with a yellow tip , hence the specific name ''flavirostris'', "yellow-beak." Their short forked tail is white, and their legs are bright red. The average size is about 38 cm long. Their voice is a sharp "kip-kip". Their bill structure is unique; the lower mandible is much longer than the upper mandible, and is flattened sideways like scissor blades.
African Skimmer two adults in Caprivi Stripe African skimmer,Caprivi,Geotagged,Namibia,Rynchops flavirostris,Spring,Zambia

Distribution

The African skimmer is found from Senegal to northern Congo River and southern Nile Valley, southern Tanzania to the Zambezi Valley, and then to KwaZulu-Natal Province and Angola.

Behavior

African skimmers fly in lines over calm waters, and dip their lower mandibles in the water to feed. When the mandible touches a fish, the skimmer snaps its mouth shut. They feed mostly at dawn and dusk and have good night vision. The following fish have been recorded as prey for African skimmers: ''Micralestes'', ''Tilapia'', ''Barbus'', ''Marcusenius '', ''Hepsetus'', ''Aplocheilichthys'' and ''Petrocephalus''.

Habitat

They live at large tropical rivers with sandbanks for nesting and roosting, lake shores, and coastal lagoons. The African skimmer is generally uncommon and the total populations is estimated at 15,000–25,000 individuals.

Reproduction

African skimmers nest in loose colonies on large sandbanks. The colonies typically consist of less than 50 pairs and each pair lays 2–3 eggs in a scrape in the sand. Sometimes African skimmer colonies are mixed with those of other sand bank nesting birds such as collared pratincole, pied avocet and white-fronted plover.

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Status: Near threatened
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC
Taxonomy
KingdomAnimalia
DivisionChordata
ClassAves
OrderCharadriiformes
FamilyLaridae
GenusRynchops
SpeciesR. flavirostris
Photographed in
Zambia