Biotopes: |
Peat Bogs and Mires |
Wet Forest |
Pollination: |
Wind |
Seed Dispersal: |
Wind |
Mycorrhizae: |
Thelephora terrestris |
Cantharellus cibarius |
Many Boletaceae |
Paxillus involutus |
|
Many Russulaceae |
Several Amanitaceae |
Many Cortinariaceae |
Several Entolomataceae |
|
Many Hymenogastraceae |
Many Inocybaceae |
Many Tricholomataceae |
Laccaria laccata |
|
Hygrophorus hedrychii |
Parasites: |
Taphrina betulae |
Taphrina betulina |
Erysiphe ornata |
Inonotus obliquus |
|
Phellinus igniarius |
Several Polyporaceae |
Fomitopsis pinicola |
Chondrostereum purpureum |
|
Armillaria ostoyae |
Leucoptera malifoliella |
Lyonetia clerkella |
Epinotia tetraquetrana Larva (Stem Borer) |
|
Gypsonoma dealbana |
Eriocrania semipurpurella |
Heringocrania unimaculella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Parornix betulae |
|
Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella |
Incurvaria pectinea |
Phylloporia bistrigella Larva |
Coleophora serratella |
|
Lampronia fuscatella Larva (Twig Gall) |
Ectoedemia occultella |
Scolioneura betuleti |
Anisostephus betulinus |
|
Agromyza alnibetulae |
Several Curculionidae Larvae (Leaf Miners) |
Byctiscus betulae Larva |
Deporaus betulae |
|
Trachys minutus |
Acalitus longisetosus |
Possible Parasites: |
Coleophora currucipennella Larva |
Coleophora potentillae |
Bucculatrix thoracella |
Caloptilia stigmatella Larva |
|
Saperda populnea Larva (Branch Gall) |
Herbivores: |
Capreolus capreolus |
Nymphalis polychloros Larva |
Polygonia c-album Larva |
Several Drepanidae |
|
Many Geometridae |
Many Noctuidae |
Many Tortricidae |
Calliteara pudibunda |
|
Saturnia pavonia |
Endromis versicolora Larva |
Odontosia carmelita Larva |
Pheosia gnoma Larva |
|
Nola confusalis |
Pseudoips prasinana |
Anacampsis blattariella Larva |
Ypsolopha parenthesella Larva |
|
Semioscopi avellanella Larva |
Mimas tiliae Larva |
Many Tenthredinidae |
Arge ustulata Larva |
|
Trichiosoma lucorum |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Several Curculionidae |
Phyllopertha horticola |
Possible Herbivores: |
Several Erebidae |
Many Geometridae |
Many Noctuidae |
Several Notodontidae |
|
Many Tortricidae |
Aglia tau Larva |
Diurnea fagella |
Carpatolechia proximella Larva |
|
Cossus cossus |
Malacosoma neustria |
Caliroa cerasi |
Several Chrysomelidae |
|
Many Curculionidae |
Sapivores: |
Acanthosomatidae |
Several Aphididae |
Several Cicadellidae |
Several Miridae |
|
Cixius nervosus |
Cixius simplex |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Psylla betulae |
Possible Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Several Pentatomidae |
Tachycixius pilosus |
Aphrophora alni |
|
Edwardsiana frustrator |
Cixius distinguendus |
Xylophages: |
Synanthedon spheciformis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Several Cerambycidae Larvae |
Agrilus angustulus Larva (Wood Borer) |
Agrilus viridis Larva (Wood Borer) |
|
Otiorhynchus coecus Larva |
Scolytus intricatus |
Florivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Argyresthia brockeella |
Argyresthia goedartella Larva |
Eupithecia satyrata |
Possible Florivores: |
Neolygus contaminatus |
Granivores: |
Cyanistes caeruleus |
Carduelis flammea |
Spinus spinus |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes |
|
Cochylis nana Larva |
Kleidocerys resedae |
Orthotylus marginalis |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale |
Possible Granivores: |
Several Miridae |
Scolopostethus affinis |
Scolopostethus decoratus |
Bark Inhabitants: |
Hypogymnia physodes |
Parmelia sulcata |
Cladonia coniocraea |
Buellia griseovirens |
|
Pertusaria coccodes |
Hypnum cupressiforme |
Wood Decomposers: |
Several Psathyrellaceae |
Mycena rubromarginata |
Mycena tintinnabulum |
Armillaria ostoyae |
|
Simocybe sumptuosa |
Megacollybia platyphylla |
Mycenella margaritispora |
Pleurotus pulmonarius |
|
Pluteus umbrosus |
Pholiota tuberculosa |
Crepidotus bresadolae |
Chondrostereum purpureum |
|
Radulomyces confluens |
Phellinus igniarius |
Phellinus lundellii |
Hyphodontia barba-jovis |
|
Dacrymyces lacrymalis |
Several Polyporaceae |
Fomitopsis betulina |
Gloeoporus pannocinctus |
|
Bulgaria inquinans |
Mollisia ramealis |
Hypoxylon fuscum |
Trichius fasciatus Larva |
|
Ampedus pomonae Larva |
Magdalis carbonaria Larva |
Platystomos albinus Larva |
Schizotus pectinicornis Larva |
|
Criorhina berberina Larva |
Eratophyes amasiella Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists |
Leaf Decomposers: |
Myochromella boudieri |
Psathyrella artemisiae |
Calycellina leucella |
Polyscytalum fecundissimum |
|
Fusidium griseum |
Adela reaumurella Larva |
Nemophora degeerella Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists |
Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey