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CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF THE EDELWEISS, LEONTOPODIUM (ASTERACEAE, COMPOSITAE – GNAPHALIEAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2014

J. S. Stille ,
M. Jaeger ,
W. B. Dickoré ,
K. Ehlers ,
S. I. J. Holzhauer ,
E. Mayland-Quellhorst ,
S. Safer ,
S. Schwaiger ,
T. F. Stuessy  and
H. Stuppner
...Show all authors
J. S. Stille
Affiliation:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Botanik, AG Spezielle Botanik, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
M. Jaeger
Affiliation:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Botanischer Garten, Senckenbergstr. 6, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
W. B. Dickoré
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department of Systematic Botany, Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.
K. Ehlers
Affiliation:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Botanik, AG Spezielle Botanik, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
S. I. J. Holzhauer
Affiliation:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Botanik, AG Spezielle Botanik, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
E. Mayland-Quellhorst
Affiliation:
AG Biodiversität und Evolution der Pflanzen , Fakultät V – IBU, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9–11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
S. Safer
Affiliation:
Institut für Botanik der Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria. Institut für Pharmazie/Pharmakognosie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
S. Schwaiger
Affiliation:
Institut für Pharmazie/Pharmakognosie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
T. F. Stuessy
Affiliation:
Institut für Botanik der Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria.
H. Stuppner
Affiliation:
Institut für Pharmazie/Pharmakognosie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
V. Wissemann*
Affiliation:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Botanik, AG Spezielle Botanik, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Botanischer Garten, Senckenbergstr. 6, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
*
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: Volker.Wissemann@bot1.bio.uni-giessen.de
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Abstract

The genus Leontopodium (Pers.) R.Br. (Asteraceae, Compositae) is economically important for both pharmaceutical and horticultural purposes. This importance, however, has not led to a good understanding of species coherence and the delimitation of species. One fundamental aspect of a good understanding of a species is how many chromosomes it has and any possible indication of polyploidy. Here we present somatic chromosome numbers for 16 Leontopodium species, of which six are new for science. The results indicate basic chromosome numbers of x = 6, 8, 9 and 11, with x = 8 being most frequent among the species examined. While obviously including several distantly related lineages, the x = 8 species have distributions that are concentrated in the centre of diversity of the genus in southwest China. We identified two ‘species-pairs’ (Leontopodium dedekensii–L. sinense and L. souliei–L. calocephalum) in which the tetraploid species has more vigorous growth, but is confined geographically to the centre of diversity. The diploid species ascend to generally higher elevations and extend more towards the Tibetan Plateau. In contrast, our data also suggest range expansions in other polyploid species, such as the hexaploid Leontopodium ochroleucum extending into the mountains of Central Asia. Deviations from x = 8 are found at the edges of the wide Eurasian distribution of the genus. These may relate to subsequent range expansions into the Himalayas, northern Asia, the Far East, and a far disjunctive expansion to the mountains of Europe. This implies an increased ability of these species to colonise mountain floras and adapt to different environmental conditions. Thus, formation of higher ploidy levels in general might be significant for a successful radiation process.

Keywords

Alpine florabiogeographypolyploidyradiationSino-Himalayan floraspeciation
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 23 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2014 

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