Large Corvidae birds called rooks are found all over Eurasia. The rook resembles its crow cousins in appearance and is related to crows, ravens, jays, jackdaws, and other birds.

Rook Physical Characteristics

Rooks have all-black plumage, but an iridescent sheen is noticeable up close.

• They have a typical wingspan of 90 cm, making them slightly smaller than crows.
• The species’ primary identifying trait is skin coloration at the base of the long, pointed beak.
• This sets it apart from the similarly shaped carrion crow, which has an entirely black^[1] beak.

Rooks Perform Theft Jobs

Rooks are expert egg robbers.

• They will observe and examine how other birds build their nests as they do so.
• Once the eggs have been laid, the crow will find it much simpler to rob the nest.
• Crows are opportunistic and watch other birds feed their young before swooping in to steal it.

Rooks Engage In The Practice Of Anting

Rooks are known for engaging in “anting“, which involves rubbing ants all over their feathers or lying next to an ant hill and letting the ants crawl through their feathers.

• The precise reason why birds do this is still unknown. Some claim that ants act as insecticides and aid in managing parasites like feather mites.
• Others claim it’s a method of catching prey, luring the ants to empty their poisonous sacks so the birds can eat them safely.

Rooks Have Good Memories

Rooks have incredibly good memories.

• Food has been known to be hidden away so that it can be saved for later.
• Occasionally moving the food twice or thrice, always remembering where it was hidden.

Rooks Breed On Local Grounds

Most rooks are local. This indicates that they remain local to their breeding grounds and do not migrate.

• Compared to crows living in rural areas, urban crows have a much smaller territory.
• Only 10% of the nesting territory of rural crows is found in urban areas.

What Do Rooks Eat?

The rook is one of the widely studied animals by far in the animal kingdom by many researchers over the years. Being an omnivore, rooks consume many organic matters including several plants and animals. Here are some of them^[¶]:

• Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus).
• Goosefoot (Chenopodium)
• Willow Weed (Epilobium)
• Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculusus repens).
• Black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus).
• Bristly Oxtongue (Helminthotheca echioides).
• Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare).
• Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia).
• Rough Chervil (Chaerophyllum temulum).
• Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum).
• Evergreen Clematis (Clematisis vitalba).
• Graminées (Poaceae)
• Creeping Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis).
• Grass-Leaf Starwort (Stellaria graminea).
• Woodland Bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa).
• Bramble Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus).
• Oneseed Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna).
• Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra).
• Knotweed (Polygonum)
• Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea).
• Dock (Rumex)
• Eltrot (Heracleum sphondylium)
• Bur Chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris).
• English Oak (Quercus robur).
• Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
• Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum).
• Bush Vetch (Vicia sepium).
• Bear Garlic (Alliumum ursinum).
• Field Maple (Acer campestre).
• Charlock (Sinapis arvensis)
• Herb Bennet (Geumum urbanum).
• Guillemot De Brünnich (Uria lomvia).
• Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius).
• Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea).
• Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix).
• Small Five-Toed Jerboa (Allactaga elater).
• Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator).
• Gray-Headed Chickadee (Poecile cinctus).
• Dovekie (Alle alle)
• Italian Tree Frog (Hyla intermedia).
• Héron Pourpré (Ardea purpurea).
• Northern Birch Mouse (Sicista betulina).
• Courlis Corlieu (Numenius phaeopus).
• Bécasseau Variable (Calidris alpina).
• Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia melanocephala).
• Gaviota Mínima (Hydrocoloeus minutus).
• Armenian Lizard (Darevskia armeniaca).
• Jackass Shrew (Crocidura arispa).
• Masked Shrike (Lanius nubicus).
• Montane Water Vole (Arvicola scherman).
• Finsch’s Wheatear (Oenanthe finschii).
• Strand’s Birch Mouse (Sicista strandi).
• Black-Bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocles orientalis).
• Red-Headed Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps).
• Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris)
• Meadow Lizard (Darevskia praticola).
• Zitting Cisticola (Cisticola juncidis).
• Peloponnese Wall Lizard (Podarcis peloponnesiacus).
• Common Field Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus).
• Long-Clawed Mole Vole (Prometheomys schaposchnikowi).
• Great Rosefinch (Carpodacus rubicilla).
• Clarks’ Lizard (Darevskia clarkorum).
• Balkan Snow Vole (Dinaromys bogdanovi).
• North African White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura ichnusae).
• Blue Chaffinch (Fringilla teydea).
• Charrán Sombrío (Onychoprion fuscatus).
• Charrán Común (Sterna hirundo).
• Gray Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea).
• Major’s Pine Vole (Microtus majori).
• Spiny-Footed Lizard (Acanthodactylus erythrurus).
• Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorii).
• Greater Sand Plover (Charadrius leschenaultii).
• Canaries (Serinus)
• Mound-Building Mouse (Mus spicilegus).
• Canard Chipeau (Anas strepera).
• Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius).
• Petit Pingouin (Alca torda).
• Syrian Spadefoot (Pelobates syriacus).
• Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus).
• Jirds (Meriones)
• Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus).
• Uzzell’s Lizard (Darevskia uzzelli).
• Vaucher’s Wall Lizard (Podarcis vaucheri).
• Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus).
• Arlequin Plongeur (Histrionicus histrionicus).
• Charrán Pico Grueso (Gelochelidon nilotica).
• Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus).
• Eurasian Dotterel (Charadrius morinellus).
• Canard Colvert (Anas platyrhynchos).
• Eastern Broad-Toothed Field Mouse (Apodemus mystacinus).
• Algerian Psammodromus (Psammodromus algirus).
• Red-Fronted Serin (Serinus pusillus).
• Italian Sparrow (Passer italiae).
• Booted Warbler (Iduna caligata).
• Sombre Tit (Poecile lugubris).
• Atlantic Canary (Serinus canaria).
• Eurasian Water Shrew (Neomys fodiens).
• Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus).
• Bécasseau Minute (Calidris minuta).
• Cape Hare (Lepus capensis).
• Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus).
• Schreiber’s Green Lizard (Lacerta schreiberi).
• Eurasian Jay (Garrulus glandarius).
• Chevalier Cul-Blanc (Tringa ochropus).
• Rock Partridge (Alectoris graeca).
• Forest Dormouse (Dryomys nitedula).
• Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros).
• Snipes (Gallinago)
• Falaropo Pico Grueso (Phalaropus fulicarius).
• Caucasus Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus).
• Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus).
• Audouin’s Gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii).
• Caucasian Toad (Bufo verrucosissimus).
• Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus).
• Tamarisk Gerbil (Meriones tamariscinus).
• Wood Lemming (Myopus schisticolor).
• Long-Eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus).
• Grand Cormoran or Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).
• Greater Eiders (Somateria)
• European Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria).
• Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris).
• Etruscan Shrew (Suncus etruscus).
• Dead Sea Sparrow (Passer moabiticus).
• Tree squirrels (Sciurus)
• Mongolian Five-Toed Jerboa (Allactaga sibirica).
• Gray Heron (Ardea cinerea).
• Calandra Lark (Melanocorypha calandra).
• Balkan Mole (Talpa stankovici).
• Yellow-Browed Warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus).
• North African Hedgehog (Atelerix algirus).
• Common Whitethroat (Sylvia communis).
• European Tree Frog (Hyla arborea).
• Père David’s Mole (Talpa davidiana).
• White-Winged Lark (Melanocorypha leucoptera).
• Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).
• Brent Geese (Branta)
• Bécasseau De Temminck (Calidris temminckii).
• Black Wheatear (Oenanthe leucura).
• Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini).
• Barred Warbler (Sylvia nisoria).
• Meadow Mice (Microtus)
• Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus).
• Black Grouse (Lyrurus tetrix).
• European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca).
• Little Tern (Sternula albifrons).
• Greek Stream Frog (Rana graeca).
• Prokletije Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta montenegrina).
• Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla).
• Blind Mole (Talpa caeca).
• Moor Frog (Rana arvalis).
• Water Pipit (Anthus spinoletta).
• Courlis Cendré (Numenius arquata).
• Great Tit (Parus major).
• Cyprus Spiny Mouse (Acomys nesiotes).
• Common Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita).
• Redwing (Turdus iliacus)
• Harle Huppé (Mergus serrator).
• Beyşehir Frog (Pelophylax caralitanus).
• Transcaucasian Racerunner (Eremias pleskei).
• Peña De Francia Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta martinezricai).
• Western Spadefoot (Pelobates cultripes).
• Pallas’ Reed-Bunting (Emberiza pallasi).
• Kazbeg Birch Mouse (Sicista kazbegica).
• Slender-Billed Gull (Chroicocephalus genei).
• Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes)
• Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos).
• White-Throated Robin (Irania gutturalis).
• Red-Crested Pochard (Netta rufina).
• Eastern Olivaceous Warbler (Iduna pallida).
• Menetries’s Warbler (Sylvia mystacea).
• Gray Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus migratorius).
• Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus).
• Persian Jird (Meriones persicus).
• Chevalier Gambette (Tringa totanus).
• Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix).
• Bavarian Pine Vole (Microtus bavaricus).
• Caucasian Mole (Talpa caucasica).
• Laxmann’s Shrew (Sorex caecutiens).
• Lesser Shrew (Crocidura suaveolens).
• Canarian Shrew (Crocidura canariensis).
• Even-Toothed Shrew (Sorex isodon).
• Iberian Mole (Talpa occidentalis).
• Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
• Red-Tailed Wheatear (Oenanthe chrysopygia).
• Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti).
• Bécasseau Violet (Calidris maritima).
• Pied Wheatear (Oenanthe pleschanka).
• Rook (Corvus frugilegus)
• Bruant Lapon (Calcarius lapponicus).
• See-See Partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis).
• Eurasian Penduline Tit (Remiz pendulinus).
• Western Mediterranean Mouse (Mus spretus).
• Canard Souchet (Anas clypeata).
• Bécassine Sourde (Lymnocryptes minimus).
• Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis).
• Goldcrest (Regulus regulus)
• Dagestan Lizard (Darevskia daghestanica).
• Bean Goose (Anser fabalis).
• Narrow-Headed Vole (Microtus gregalis).
• Aralo-Caspian Racerunner (Eremias intermedia).
• Falaropo Cuello Rojo (Phalaropus lobatus).
• Semicollared Flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata).
• Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris).
• Lesser Fat-Tailed Jerboa (Pygeretmus platyurus).
• Bar-Tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica).
• Strauch’s Racerunner (Eremias strauchi).
• European Crested Tit (Lophophanes cristatus).
• Dogramaci’s Vole (Microtus dogramacii).
• Black-Eared Wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica).
• Chivirín Chochín (Troglodytes troglodytes).
• Gaviota Cana (Larus canus).
• Common Vole (Microtus arvalis).
• Eurasian Sparrow (Passer montanus).
• Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus).
• Stripeless Treefrog (Hyla meridionalis).
• Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla).
• Azure Tit (Cyanistes cyanus).
• Green-Bellied Lizard (Darevskia chlorogaster).
• Harle Piette (Mergellus albellus).
• Pine Bunting (Emberiza leucocephalos).
• White-Spectacled Bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthopygos).
• Common Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus).
• Fuligule Morillon (Aythya fuligula).
• Schidlovsky’s Vole (Microtus schidlovskii).
• Harelde Kakawi (Clangula hyemalis).
• Robert’s Hocicudo (Oxymycterus roberti).
• Radde’s Shrew (Sorex raddei).
• Bécasseau Maubèche (Calidris canutus).
• Black-Bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola).
• Caucasian Black Grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi).
• Pyrenean Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta bonnali).
• Tyrrhenian Wall Lizard (Podarcis tiliguerta).
• Desert Lark (Ammomanes deserti).
• Canary Islands Bush Chat (Saxicola dacotiae).
• Thick-Tailed Three-Toed Jerboa (Stylodipus telum).
• Eastern European Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor).
• Siberian Chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus).
• Pyrenean Frog (Rana pyrenaica).
• Transcaucasian Mole Vole (Ellobius lutescens).
• Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus Borealis).
• Medium Lizard (Lacerta media).
• Marsh Tit (Poecile palustris).
• Zagrosian Lizard (Timon princeps).
• Corsican Painted Frog (Discoglossus montalentii).
• Southern Vole (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis).
• Bedriaga’s Frog (Pelophylax bedriagae).
• Green Toad (Bufotes viridis).
• Lesser Rock Shrew (Crocidura serezkyensis).
• Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus).
• Labbe À Longue Queue (Stercorarius longicaudus).
• Caucasian Birch Mouse (Sicista caucasica).
• Milos Wall Lizard (Podarcis milensis).
• Thekla Lark (Galerida theklae).
• Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca).
• Spanish Psammodromus (Psammodromus hispanicus).
• Common Pigeon (Columba livia).
• Ciscaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus raddei).
• Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunini).
• Iberian Grey Shrike (Lanius meridionalis).
• Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus).
• Steppe Lemming (Lagurus lagurus).
• Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra).
• Grand Labbe (Stercorarius skua).
• Rana Patilarga (Rana iberica).
• Pin-Tailed Sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata).
• White-Tailed Lapwing (Vanellus leucurus).
• Lesser Grey Shrike (Lanius minor).
• Common Shrew (Sorex araneus).
• Isabelline Wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina).
• Desman (Desmana moschata)
• Macedonian Mouse (Mus macedonicus).
• Gorrión Casero (Passer domesticus).
• Skyros Wall Lizard (Podarcis gaigeae).
• Azores Bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina).
• Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata).
• Yellow-Breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola).
• Gaviota Blanca (Larus hyperboreus).
• Oie À Bec Court (Anser brachyrhynchus).
• Rufous-Tailed Rock Thrush (Monticola saxatilis).
• Green Lizard (Lacerta viridis).
• Maltese Wall Lizard (Podarcis filfolensis).
• Collared Lemmings (Dicrostonyx)
• Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius).
• Canard Pilet (Anas acuta).
• Cyprus Warbler (Sylvia melanothorax).
• Siberian Rubythroat (Luscinia calliope).
• Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax).
• Armenian Shrew (Crocidura armenica).
• Marmora’s Warbler (Sylvia sarda).
• Guifette Leucoptère (Chlidonias leucopterus).
• Setzer’s Mouse-Tailed Dormouse (Myomimus setzeri).
• Sapo Partero Común (Alytes obstetricans).
• Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle).
• Olive Tree-Pipit (Anthus hodgsoni).
• Radde’s Accentor (Prunella ocularis).
• Root Vole (Microtus oeconomus).
• Anatolian Rock Lizard (Anatololacerta anatolica).
• Red-Backed Shrike (Lanius collurio).
• Brusa Frog (Rana macrocnemis).
• Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).
• Bearded Reedling (Panurus biarmicus).
• Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis).
• Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica).
• Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola).
• Black-Winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus).
• Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia).
• Northern Mole Vole (Ellobius talpinus).
• Italian Wall Lizard (Podarcis siculus).
• White-Headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala).
• Karpathos Frog (Pelophylax cerigensis).
• Brown Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis).
• Bisbita Garganta Roja (Anthus cervinus).
• Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris).
• Balkan Wall Lizard (Podarcis tauricus).
• Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna).
• Scottish Crossbill (Loxia scotica).
• Eurasian Stone-Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus).
• Barge À Queue Noire (Limosa limosa).
• Sicilian Wall Lizard (Podarcis waglerianus).
• Williams’s Jerboa (Allactaga williamsi).
• Common Blackbird (Turdus merula).
• Common Spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus).
• Antelope Rat (Tatera indica).
• Cretan Frog (Pelophylax cretensis).
• Alondra Cornuda (Eremophila alpestris).
• Noctule (Nyctalus noctula)
• Northern Pika (Ochotona hyperborea).
• Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula).
• Upcher’s Warbler (Hippolais languida).
• Cygne Tuburculé (Cygnus olor).
• Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea).
• Italian Agile Frog (Rana latastei).
• Guifette Moustac (Chlidonias hybrida).
• Common Firecrest (Regulus ignicapilla).
• Armenian Gull (Larus armenicus).
• Asian Azure-Winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus).
• Scoters (Melanitta)
• Lilford’s Wall Lizard (Podarcis lilfordi).
• Crimson-Winged Finch (Rhodopechys sanguineus).
• Garden Dormouse (Eliomys quercinus).
• Grey-Necked Bunting (Emberiza buchanani).
• Bosc’S Fringe-Toed Lizard (Acanthodactylus boskianus).
• Madeira Lizard (Teira dugesii).
• Cream-Colored Courser (Cursorius cursor).
• Chestnut-Shouldered Bush-Sparrow (Gymnoris xanthocollis).
• West European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus).
• Mediterranean Water Shrew (Neomys anomalus).
• European Mole (Talpa europaea).
• Woodlark (Lullula arborea)
• Bruant Des Neiges (Plectrophenax nivalis).
• Black-Winged Pratincole (Glareola nordmanni).
• Caspian Snowcock (Tetraogallus caspius).
• Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin).
• Rock Lizard (Darevskia saxicola).
• Red-Breasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva).
• Chevalier Arlequin (Tringa erythropus).
• Common Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus).
• Lesser Short-Toed Lark (Calandrella rufescens).
• Coal Tit (Periparus ater).
• Siberian Accentor (Prunella montanella).
• Danford’s Lizard (Anatololacerta danfordi).
• Black-Headed Bunting (Emberiza melanocephala).
• Roach’s Mouse-Tailed Dormouse (Myomimus roachi).
• European Robin (Erithacus rubecula).
• Western Bonelli’s Warbler (Phylloscopus bonelli).
• Iberian Midwife Toad (Alytes cisternasii).
• Vinogradov’s Jird (Meriones vinogradovi).
• Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis).
• Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis).
• Gerbe’s Vole (Microtus gerbei).
• Cinereous Bunting (Emberiza cineracea).
• Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans).
• Olive-Tree Warbler (Hippolais olivetorum).
• Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis).
• Caucasian Snowcock (Tetraogallus caucasicus).
• Alpine Field Mouse (Apodemus alpicola).
• Italian Stream Frog (Rana italica).
• Bihoreau Gris (Nycticorax nycticorax).
• Labbe Parasite (Stercorarius parasiticus).
• Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra)
• Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia).
• Cretan Shrew (Crocidura zimmermanni).
• Eurasian Siskin (Spinus spinus).
• Piebald Shrew (Diplomesodon pulchellum).
• Cretzschmar’s Bunting (Emberiza caesia).
• Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus).
• Waterdropwort (Oenanthe)
• Eurasian Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).
• Asian Short-Toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis).
• Northern White-Breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus).
• Trumpeter Finch (Bucanetes githagineus).
• Levant Mole (Talpa levantis).
• Bicolored Shrew (Crocidura leucodon).
• Spotless Starling (Sturnus unicolor).
• Iberian Wall Lizard (Podarcis hispanicus).
• Graceful Prinia (Prinia gracilis).
• Sicilian Shrew (Crocidura sicula).
• Aigrette Garzette (Egretta garzetta).
• Eider De Steller (Polysticta stelleri).
• Ganso Careto-Mayor (Anser albifrons).
• White-Winged Snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis).
• Red-Billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax).
• Central Asian Racerunner (Eremias velox).
• Caucasus Field Mouse (Apodemus ponticus).
• Ocellated Lizard (Timon lepidus).
• Dwarf Lizard (Parvilacerta parva).
• Pale Rockfinch (Carpospiza brachydactyla).
• Van Lizard (Darevskia sapphirina).
• Caucasian Snow Vole (Chionomys gud).
• Parrot Crossbill (Loxia pytyopsittacus).
• Greenish Warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides).
• Cisne De Tundra (Cygnus columbianus).
• Eversmann’s Hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni).
• Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae).
• Romanian Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni).
• Sardinian Tree Frog (Hyla sarda).
• Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus).
• Armenian Birch Mouse (Sicista armenica).
• Bécasseau Sanderling (Calidris alba).
• Arao Común (Uria aalge).
• Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne Caspia).
• Chevalier Aboyeur (Tringa nebularia).
• Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria)
• Red-Necked Nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis).
• Red-Belied Lizard (Darevskia parvula).
• Canard Des Bahamas (Tadorna ferruginea).
• Bec-Croisé Bifascié (Loxia leucoptera).
• Melodious Warbler (Hippolais polyglotta).
• Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus).
• Greylag Goose (Anser anser).
• European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus).
• Persian Racerunner (Eremias persica).
• Guenther’s Vole (Microtus guentheri).
• Gaviota Sombría (Larus fuscus).
• Eurasian Buntings (Emberiza)
• Common Pochard (Aythya ferina).
• Red-Flanked Bluetail (Tarsiger cyanurus).
• Bendimahi Lizard (Darevskia bendimahiensis).
• Cyprus Wheatear (Oenanthe cypriaca).
• Greek Algyroides (Algyroides moreoticus).
• Dwarf Fat-Tailed Jerboa (Pygeretmus pumilio).
• Black-Footed Lemming (Lemmus sibiricus).
• Dalmatian Wall Lizard (Podarcis melisellensis).
• Greater White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula).
• Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis).
• Caspian Shrew (Crocidura caspica).
• Cabrera’s Vole (Microtus cabrerae).
• Sharp-Snouted Rock Lizard (Dalmatolacerta oxycephala).
• Common Eider (Somateria mollissima).
• Chukar (Alectoris chukar)
• Bimaculated Lark (Melanocorypha bimaculata).
• Chevalier Sylvain (Tringa glareola).
• Steppe Pika (Ochotona pusilla).
• Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus).
• Fat Dormouse (Glis glis).
• Tyrrhenian Painted Frog (Discoglossus sardus).
• Granada Hare (Lepus granatensis).
• Steppe Field Mouse (Apodemus witherbyi).
• Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis).
• Snake-Eyed Lizard (Ophisops elegans).
• Lebanon Lizard (Phoenicolacerta laevis).
• Common Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius).
• Barrow’s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica).
• Pyrenean Desman (Galemys pyrenaicus).
• Coots (Fulica)
• Goéland Arctique (Larus glaucoides).
• Long-Tailed Bushtit (Aegithalos caudatus).
• Agachona Común (Gallinago gallinago).
• Asian Minute Shrew (Sorex minutissimus).
• Bocage’s Wall Lizard (Podarcis bocagei).
• Rock Sparrow (Petronia petronia).
• Chevalier Bargette (Xenus cinereus).
• Klochor Birch Mouse (Sicista kluchorica).
• Desert Wheatear (Oenanthe deserti).
• Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus).
• Eurasian Bittern (Botaurus stellaris).
• Sundevall’s Jird (Meriones crassus).
• Southern Birch Mouse (Sicista subtilis).
• Black Tern (Chlidonias niger).
• Steppe-Runner (Eremias arguta)
• Troodos Wall Lizard (Phoenicolacerta troodica).
• Dunnock (Prunella modularis)
• Spanish Sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis).
• Chardonneret Élégant (Carduelis carduelis).
• Desert Finch (Rhodospiza obsoleta).
• Harvest Mouse (Micromys minutus).
• Goéland Marin (Larus marinus).
• Transcaucasian Water Shrew (Neomys teres).
• Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor).
• Macreuse Brune (Melanitta fusca).
• European Frog (Rana temporaria).
• Greek Rock Lizard (Hellenolacerta graeca).
• Bécasseau À Poitrine Cendrée (Calidris melanotos).
• Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus).
• Common Raven (Corvus corax).
• Durbec Des Sapins (Pinicola enucleator).
• Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus).
• Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta).
• Western Green Lizard (Lacerta bilineata).
• Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides).
• Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus).
• House Mouse (Mus musculus).
• Red-Legged Partridge (Alectoris rufa).
• Eurasian Rock Pipit (Anthus petrosus).
• Gaviota Cola Hendida (Xema sabini).
• Dark Birch Mouse (Sicista severtzovi).
• Black-Bellied Hamster (Cricetus cricetus).
• Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta mosorensis).
• Blongios Nain (Ixobrychus minutus).
• Choucas Des Tours (Coloeus monedula).
• Field Vole (Microtus agrestis).
• Rosy Starling (Pastor roseus).
• Twite (Linaria flavirostris)
• Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus).
• Icterine Warbler (Hippolais icterina).
• Northern Red-Backed Mouse (Myodes rutilus).
• Lavandera Blanca (Motacilla alba).
• Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra).
• Ajarian Lizard (Darevskia mixta).
• Cerceta Ala Verde (Anas crecca).
• Brandt’s Persian Lizard (Iranolacerta brandtii).
• Asian Garden Dormouse (Eliomys melanurus).
• Common Merganser (Mergus merganser).
• Rostombekow’s Lizard (Darevskia rostombekowi).
• Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus).
• Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula).
• Hyrcanian Field Mouse (Apodemus hyrcanicus).
• Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana).
• Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)
• Willow Tit (Poecile montanus).
• Great Jerboa (Allactaga major).
• Gray Red-Backed Vole (Myodes rufocanus).
• Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos).
• Urar Calomyscus (Calomyscus urartensis).
• Labbe Pomarin (Stercorarius pomarinus).
• Great Snipe (Gallinago media).
• Red-Throated Thrush (Turdus ruficollis).
• Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius).
• Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia).
• Charnali Lizard (Darevskia dryada).
• Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus).
• Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris).
• Tavas Frog (Rana tavasensis).
• Caspian Plover (Charadrius asiaticus).
• Bean Geese (Anser)
• European Greenfinch (Chloris chloris).
• Mongolian Finch (Bucanetes mongolicus).
• Hares (Lepus)
• Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres).
• Brandt’s Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti).
• Eurasian Water Vole (Arvicola amphibius).
• Charrán Rosado (Sterna dougallii).
• Middendorf’s Vole (Microtus middendorffi).
• Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina).
• Anatolian Lizard (Apathya cappadocica).
• Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea).
• Carrion Crow (Corvus corone).
• Greater Short-Toed Lark (Calandrella brachydactyla).
• Italian Pool Frog (Pelophylax bergeri).
• Little Chinese Jird (Meriones meridianus).
• Fuligule Milouinan (Aythya marila).
• Common Linnet (Linaria cannabina).
• Yellow-Necked Field Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis).
• Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus).
• Bécasseau Falcinelle (Limicola falcinellus).
• Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla)
• Social Vole (Microtus socialis).
• Perez’s Frog (Pelophylax perezi).
• Euphrates Jerboa (Allactaga euphratica).
• European Snow Vole (Chionomys nivalis).
• Thomas’s Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi).
• Lagopède Des Saules (Lagopus lagopus).
• European Herring Gull (Larus argentatus).
• Siberian Jay (Perisoreus infaustus).
• Wagner’s Dipodil (Dipodillus dasyurus).
• European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
• Caucasian Lizard (Darevskia caucasica).
• Citril Finch (Carduelis citrinella).
• Erhard’s Wall Lizard (Podarcis erhardii).
• Libyan Jird (Meriones libycus).
• Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca).
• Great Black-Headed Gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus).
• Chevalier Guignette (Actitis hypoleucos).
• Yellow-Bellied Toad (Bombina variegata).
• African Green Toad (Bufotes boulengeri).
• Woolly Dormouse (Dryomys laniger).
• Black-Necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis).
• Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta).
• Charrán De Sandwich (Thalasseus sandvicensis).
• European Toad (Bufo bufo).
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis).
• Spectacled Warbler (Sylvia conspicillata).
• Bec-Croisé Des Sapins (Loxia curvirostra).
• Combatant Varié (Philomachus pugnax).
• Dahl’s Jird (Meriones dahli).
• Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara).
• Wagtails (Motacilla)
• Rufous-Tailed Scrub Robin (Erythropygia galactotes).
• Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus).
• Rüppell’s Warbler (Sylvia ruppeli).
• White-Bellied Lizard (Darevskia unisexualis).
• West Iberian Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta monticola).
• Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini).
• Viviparous Lizard (Zootoca vivipara).
• Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans).
• Arctic Redpoll (Acanthis hornemanni).
• Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla).

What Eats Rook?

The rooks have several natural enemies and predators. Here are some of them^[§]:

Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Aguililla Ártica (Buteo lagopus), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Autour Des Palombes (Accipiter gentilis), Asian Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), Faucon Pélerin (Falco peregrinus), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), Rook (Corvus frugilegus), Carrion Crow (Corvus corone), Common Raven (Corvus corax), Steppes Ratsnake (Elaphe dione), Collared Dwarf Racer (Platyceps collaris), Ladder Snake (Zamenis scalaris), Four-Lined Ratsnake (Elaphe quatuorlineata), Balkan Racer (Hierophis gemonensis), Horseshoe Snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis), Dark Green Snake (Hierophis viridiflavus), Ocellated Lizard (Timon lepidus), Western Green Lizard (Lacerta bilineata), Green Lizard (Lacerta viridis), Levantine Viper (Macrovipera lebetina), Cyclades Blunt-Nosed Viper (Macrovipera schweizeri), Caucasus Viper (Montivipera raddei), Coastal Viper (Montivipera xanthina), Montpellier Snake (Malpolon monspessulanus), Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus), European Cat Snake (Telescopus fallax), European Glass Lizard (Pseudopus apodus), Dahl’s Whip Snake (Platyceps najadum), Adder (Vipera berus), Mountain Viper (Montivipera albizona), Nose-Horned Viper (Vipera ammodytes), Dinnik’s Viper (Vipera dinniki), Lataste’s Viper (Vipera latastei), Mount Bulgar Viper (Montivipera bulgardaghica), Asian Racer (Hemorrhois nummifer), Algerian Whip Snake (Hemorrhois algirus), Portugese Viper (Vipera seoanei), Large Whip Snake (Dolichophis caspius), Large Whip Snake (Dolichophis jugularis), Red-Bellied Racer (Dolichophis schmidti), East-Four-Lined Ratsnake (Elaphe sauromates), Black-Headed Snake (Telescopus nigriceps), Diadem Snake (Spalerosophis diadema), Spotted Whip Snake (Hemorrhois ravergieri) and Red fox (Vulpes vulpes).

Other Black Birds

Crowned Eagle

Greater Antillean Grackle

Puerto Rican Bullfinch

Yellow-shouldered Blackbird

Puerto Rican Oriole

Puerto Rican Woodpecker

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