Sealife guideThe common stonefishSynanceia verrucosa

Taxonomy

Common name: Common stonefish, reef stonefish
French name: Poisson pierre commun, synancée verruqueuse
Spanish name: Pez piedra común
Scientific name: Synanceia verrucosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Family name: Synanceiidae
Order name: Perciformes
Class name: Actinopterygii

Description

The common stonefish is an expert of camouflage with its brown or grey coloration potentially dotted with numerous irregular yellowish, orange or red spots. A panoply of colors that gives it the appearance of a stone, even a crusted rock or a block of coral !

The common stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) © David Sanford | Dreamstime.com

The common stonefish has an ovoid body with a total length of around thirty centimeters long. Its mouth is oriented upwards and its dorsal fin is equipped with 13 very strong defensive spines capable of injecting a very powerful poison.

Distribution

The common stonefish is widely distributed in the warm tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea.

It is found in Australia around the Great Barrier Reef and along the eastern coasts of Queensland to the far north of New South Wales.

Habitat

The common stonefish generally frequents rocky or coral bottoms where it lives hidden in crevices or under rocky ledges but it can also be found on sandy bottoms where it buries itself using its large pectoral fins.

Feeding

The common stonefish feeds mainly on fish and crustaceans, which it hunts by camouflaging itself in its environment.

A stonefish camouflaged at the foot of a pier hunts on the lookout © Ethan Daniels | Dreamstime.com

The main predators of the common stonefish are sharks and rays.

Did you know ?

The common stonefish has dorsal spines capable of injecting an extremely toxic venom.

The speed with which common stonefish capture prey passing close by is impressive !

The common stonefish is listed as many other marine species within The IUCN Red List of threatened species. The common stonefish appears in the IUCN Red List since 2018 within the category Least Concern !

Tips for observing

The common stonefish is particularly hard to spot in its environment, so keep an eye out !

The stonefish's art of camouflage ! © Ethan Daniels | Dreamstime.com

Explore also

Purple anthias
(Pseudanthias tuka)

Parva goby
(Valenciennea parva)

Passer angelfish
(Holacanthus passer)

Yellow-ear angelfish
(Apolemichthys xanthotis)

Sammara squirrelfish
(Neoniphon sammara)

Longnose butterflyfish
(Forcipiger flavissimus)

Sergeant major
(Abudefduf saxatilis)

Bigeye tuna
(Thunnus obesus)

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