The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae — a generic
synopsis and some new names
Authors: Valdés, Benito, and Scholz, Hildemar
Source: Willdenowia, 36(2) : 657-669
Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.36.36202
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Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 18
BENITO VALDÉS & HILDEMAR SCHOLZ
The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae – a generic synopsis and
some new names
Abstract
Valdés, B. & Scholz, H.: The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae – a generic synopsis and some new
names. – Willdenowia 36: 657-669. – ISSN 0511-0618; © 2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.
doi:10.3372/wi.36.36202 (available via http://dx.doi.org/)
A synopsis of genera accepted for the Euro+Med project is presented. As a consequence of the generic
treatment and reassessment of accepted specific and subspecific taxa, new names and new combinations are required in Agrostis, Alopecurus, Anisantha, Arundo, Avellinia, Avenella, Avenula, Bromopsis, Bromus, Danthonia, Elymus, Elytrigia, Enneapogon, Eragrostis, Koeleria, Macrochloa, Neoschischkinia, Ochlopoa, Phalaroides, Rostraria, Secale, Setaria, Stipa, Triticum and Urochloa. The
genus name Tripidium is validated to substitute the illegitimate Ripidium.
Key words: Europe, Mediterranean area, Caucasia, grass genera, inventory, taxonomy, nomenclature.
Introduction
The Euro+Med PlantBase is an international cooperative research project sponsored by the European Union and other bodies. One of the aims of the project is to organize, co-ordinate and make
available information on the vascular plants of the Euro-Mediterranean region using modern
bioinformatic techniques.
The first author of this note took charge of editing the family Gramineae as a whole, but he has
had the close cooperation of the second author, who has greatly contributed to the long reviewing
process, and he sought the advice of several competent specialists, particularly Prof. C. Stace, who
has advised on Aveneae, Dr B. Foggi, main responsible for the treatment of Festuca s.l., and Prof.
W. Hempel, who has reviewed Melica. Prof. A. Petrova has advised on Bulgarian taxa.
Euro+Med area is a wide portion of the Old World comprising Europe, as delimited by Flora
Europaea, the Mediterranean area, as delimited by Med-Checklist (circum-Mediterranean countries), Caucasia and the European Atlantic islands (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands).
This note includes a synopsis of the family at generic rank for this area and gives also some
required new combinations. Those on Festuca s.l. were published separately (Foggi, Scholz &
Valdés in Willdenowia 35: 241-244. 2005).
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Valdés & Scholz: Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae
Euro+Med Gramineae – a generic synopsis
The Euro+Med genera accepted by us, with their relevant synonyms, are listed in Table 1. They
have been taxonomically arranged by tribes and, within each tribe, alphabetically by genera. Intergeneric hybrids have been omitted, except for the widely distributed ×Calammophila and ×Schedolium and, although it has a rather limited representation, ×Festulolium.
For tribe delimitation, the classification adopted in Flora Europaea (Tutin (ed.) in Fl. Eur. 5:
118-267. 1980) has basically been adopted. The only significant differences are that (1) genera
included in Arundinarieae in Flora Europaea have been assigned to Arundinarieae and Shibataeeae, (2) the name Cynodonteae (including Zoysieae) is used instead of Clorideae, as it has priority over the latter, and (3) we have added Arundinelleae, because Danthoniopsis barbata (Nees)
C. E. Hubb. of this tribe is native in Egypt, and Bambuseae, here considered separate from Arundinarieae and Shibataeeae, to include Bambusa, with some species widely cultivated in the
Euro+Med area although only doubtfully naturalized.
At generic level, a narrower concept than in Flora Europaea has been adopted where we consider
it more appropriate to separate what are in our view more uniform, natural groups. This is particularly the case with Bromus s.l., Festuca and Panicum, which, as considered in Flora Europaea,
are very polymorphic and heterogeneous. Besides, many genera that are not native to Europe
have been added, as shown in Table 1.
In Bromeae, Bromus s.l., as generally adopted in its widest sense, includes several groups of
species that greatly differ in biological cycle and general morphology, including spikelet composition, glume, lemma and awn characters, etc. It is hard to include under the same generic name such
different species as, e.g., Bromus lanceolatus Roth, B. unioloides Humb., B. diandrus Roth, etc.,
and we have considered it more appropriate to separate the genera Anisantha, Boissiera, Bromopsis, Ceratochloa and Nevskiella from Bromus s.l. In this way, each of these genera forms a rather
natural group of closely related species, which share a series of distinct characters. Anisantha includes annual or biennial species with cuneate ripe spikelets, wider at the top, with 1-nerved lower
and 3-nerved upper glume and long, usually flattened awn. Boissiera includes a single annual species (B. squarrosa (Banks & Soland.) Nevski) with laterally compressed spikelets with 3-nerved
lower and 5-nerved upper glume and the lemma usually with 7 awns. Bromopsis is formed by perennial plants with narrow and more or less parallel-sided spikelets with 1-3 nerved lower and
3-5-nerved upper glume and the awn usually shorter than the lemma. Bromus s.s. includes annuals
with lanceolate to ovate-terete or slightly compressed spikelets with 3-5-nerved lower and 5-7nerved upper glume and the awn usually as long as the lemma, rarely absent. Ceratochloa is
formed by short-living perennials with ovate to ovate-lanceolate and strongly compressed spikelets
with 3-5-nerved lower and 5-7-nerved upper glume and the awn usually much shorter than the
lemma and often absent. Finally, Nevskiella is represented in the Euro+Med area by only one annual species (N. gracillima (Bunge) V. Krecz. & Vved.) with ovate and rather small spikelets with
1-nerved lower and 3-nerved upper glume and the awn much longer than the lemma.
In Brachypodieae, Trachynia, formed by annual species with short, erect racemes with
1-2(-6) laterally compressed spikelets and anthers not more than 1 mm long, has been separated
from Brachypodium, which now includes perennials with usually elongate and often nodding or
drooping racemes with several terete or subterete spikelets and anthers at least 2.5 mm long.
In Triticeae the main differences to Flora Europaea are the subdivision of Elymus and Festucopsis. Elytrigia, which includes rhizomatous perennials with spikelets of 5 or more flowers and
glumes usually glabrous on the veins and obtuse to truncate or acute with a short mucro or awn,
has been separated from Elymus, which includes caespitose perennials with spikelets of 3-5
flowers and glumes usually scabrid on the veins and gradually tapering into an awn. Peridictyon,
comprising plants with basal leaf sheaths disintegrating into a mass of reticulate fibres and usually shortly awned glumes, has been segregated from Festucopsis, which remains to include the
species with basal leaf sheaths disintegrating into a mass of more or less parallel fibres and
unawned glumes.
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In Poeae, the main differences to Flora Europaea result from the separation of Brizochloa
from Briza, Ochlopoa from Poa s.s. and Catapodium from Desmazeria. For the separation of
Drymochloa, Leucopoa, Parafestuca and Schedonorus from Festuca s.s., see elsewhere (Foggi,
Scholz & Valdés in Willdenowia 35: 241-244. 2005). Brizochloa includes species with narrow,
often linear, short-branched, subracemose panicles with peduncles shorter than the spikelets,
while Briza comprises annual species with open, long-branched panicles with peduncles longer
than the spikelets. A more natural grouping of the species usually included into Desmazeria s.l.
results from the recognition of Catapodium as a separate genus. The latter includes species with
basally glabrous lemmas rounded on the back or keeled only near the apex, while Desmazeria s.s.
includes the species with strongly keeled lemmas with capitate hairs at the base. Finally, as considered by H. Scholz (in Ber. Inst. Landschafts-Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim, Beih. 16: 58-68.
2003), Ochlopoa includes gynomonoecious annual or short-living perennial species, formerly
placed in Poa s.l., with flaccid stems, soft leaves and paleas with long-pilose (rarely glabrous) carinal veins
In Aveneae, the main differences to Flora Europaea concern Agrostis, Phleum and Deschampsia, which we have divided into three genera each. From Agrostis, Linkagrostis has been
segregated as a separate genus (see Romero, Blanca & Morales in Ruizia 7. 1988), which includes perennials with contracted, interrupted panicles and more or less similar glumes, and
Neoschischkinia, formed by annual or short-lived perennials with lax panicles often with more or
less divaricate branches usually clavate at the apex. Regarding Phleum, we recognize P. sect.
Maillea at generic level, to separate the species with glumes winged on the keel and 1-nerved
palea from the typical Phleum species characterized by unwinged glumes and 2-nerved paleas.
The extra-European genus Pseudophleum is also accepted. Finally, Deschampsia is considered
for the Euro+Med area excluding Avenella, the species of which have filiform leaves without
ridges on the upper surface instead of convolute leaves with ridges on the upper surface as in
Deschampsia, moreover a rachilla prolonged by less than ¼ the length of the upper floret and an
at least 2 mm long anther. Also excluded from Deschampsia is Aristavena, which, as proposed
by Alberts & Butzin (in Willdenowia 8: 81-84. 1977), is a monotypic genus clearly separated by
morphological, anatomical and karyological characters.
In Phalarideae, Phalaroides, characterized by its unwinged glumes and long rhizomes, has
been recognized as a genus separate from Phalaris s.s. and includes annuals or perennials with
short rhizomes and glumes winged on the keel.
In Stipeae, Stipa s.l. includes several groups of species, which clearly differ morphological
and biologically. We have followed Vázquez & Barkworth (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 483-495.
2004) to consider Macrochloa and Celtica as separate from Stipa s.l. Among other characters,
Macrochloa clearly differs from typical Stipa by its ligule, substituted by a line of hairs (membranous in Stipa s.s.), by the presence of two long, lanate apical stiples in the leaf sheaths, especially
of the lower leaves (stiples very short or missing in Stipa s.s.), and by the lemmas, which are uniformly pubescent (usually with 4-7 longitudinal unequal lines of hairs on their back in Stipa s.s.).
Celtica is well characterized mainly by its bidentate and uniformly pubescent lemmas and its bifid
paleas, the latter being a unique character within Stipa s.l.
Finally, in Paniceae, apart from the use of the name Moorochloa instead of Brachiaria (see
Veldkamp in Reinwardtia 12: 138. 2004), the main difference compared to Flora Europaea is the
treatment of Panicum. Two genera have been separated from Panicum s.s., which is restricted to
include annuals or rhizomatous perennials without winter rosettes and smooth lemmas; Dichanthelium includes perennial species with basal leaves quite different from the cauline leaves and
forming a winter rosette and panicles producing secondary inflorescences with cleistogamous
spikelets; Megathyrsus comprises caespitose perennials with transversely rugose upper lemma.
New names and new combinations
Bromeae
Anisantha fasciculata subsp. delilei (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus madritensis var. delilei Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 649. 1884.
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Anisantha madritensis subsp. tefedetica (Quézel) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
madritensis subsp. tefedeticus Quézel in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 46: 132. 1956.
Anisantha rubens subsp. kunkelii (H. Scholz) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus madritensis
subsp. kunkelii H. Scholz in Willdenowia 11: 251. 1981.
Anisantha sericea subsp. fallax (H. Scholz) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus sericeus subsp.
fallax H. Scholz in Willdenowia 19: 134. 1989.
Bromopsis cappadocica subsp. lacmonica (Hausskn.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
lacmonicus Hausskn. in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 13: 53. 1899.
Bromopsis cappadocica subsp. sclerophylla (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
sclerophyllus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 65. 1854.
Bromopsis erecta subsp. microchaeta (Font Quer), H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
microchaetus Font Quer in Cavanillesia 4: 26. 1931 ≡ Bromus erectus subsp. microchaetus (Font
Quer) Maire & Weiller in Jahandiez & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 866. 1934.
Bromopsis erecta subsp. permixta (H. Lindb.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus erectus
subsp. permixtus H. Lindb. in Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., ser. 2, B 1(2): 14. 1932.
Bromopsis erecta subsp. stenophylla (Link) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus stenophyllus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 94. 1821.
Bromopsis erecta subsp. syriaca (Boiss. & Blanche) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
syriacus Boiss. & Blanche in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 139. 1869.
Bromopsis erecta subps. transsilvanica (Steud.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
transsilvanicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 320. 1854.
Bromopsis ramosa subsp. atlantica (H. Lindb.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus
atlanticus H. Lindb. in Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., ser. 2, B 1(2): 13. 1932.
Bromopsis sipylea (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus sipyleus Boiss., Diagn. Pl.
Orient., ser. 1, 3: 65. 1854.
Bromopsis tomentella subsp. nivalis (Bornm.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus tomentellus var.
nivalis Bornm. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 8: 825. 1909 ≡ Bromus tomentellus subsp. nivalis
(Bornm.) H. Scholz & A. J. Byfield in Turk. J. Bot. 24(4): 263. 2000.
Bromus depauperatus H. Scholz, sp. nov. – Holotypus: Hispania, “Sevilla: entre Cantillana y
Alcolea del Río, Km 90-91, olivar, arroyo seco”, 11.5.1986, C. López & F. J. Molina (SEV).
A Bromo lanceolato Roth inflorescentiis 1-3-spiculatis dense compactis, spiculis minoribus
1.5-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 mm et antheribus c. 0.6 mm longis differt. Gramen annuum cleistogamum
culmis erectis 10-25 cm altis.
Bromus racemosus subsp. lusitanicus (Sales & P. M. Sm.) H. Scholz & L. M. Spalton, comb.
nov. ≡ Bromus lusitanicus Sales & P. M. Sm. in Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 361. 1990.
Triticeae
Elymus marginatus subsp. kabylicus (Maire & Weiller) Valdés & Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agropyron marginatum subsp. kabylicum Maire & Weiller in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 232.
1933.
Elytrigia caespitosa subsp. gypsicola (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus
nodosus subsp. gypsicolus Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 82. 1984.
Elytrigia caespitosa subsp. platyphylla (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus
nodosus subsp. platyphyllus Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 80. 1984.
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Elytrigia clivorum (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus clivorum Melderis in
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 77. 1984.
Elytrigia deweyi (K. B. Jensen & al.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Pseudoroegneria deweyi
K. B. Jensen & al. in Canad. J. Bot. 70: 907. 1992.
Elytrigia elongata subsp. haifensis (Rech. f.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elytrigia elongata var. haifensis Rech. f. in Ark. Bot. 2(5): 304. 1952.
Elytrigia elongata subsp. salsa (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus elongatus
subsp. salsus Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 77. 1984.
Elytrigia elongata subsp. turcica (McGuire) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elytrigia turcica
McGuire in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Praha) 18: 108. 1983 ≡ Elymus elongatus subsp. turcicus
(McGuire) Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 81. 1984.
Elytrigia embergeri (Maire) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agropyron embergeri Maire in
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 100. 1942.
Elytrigia erosiglumis (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus erosiglumis Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 78. 1984.
Elytrigia intermedia subsp. mucronata (Bercht.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agropyron
mucronatum Bercht., Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 1: 408. 1836.
Elytrigia intermedia subsp. varnensis (Velen.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Triticum
varnense Velen. in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 1894(29): 28. 1894.
Elytrigia lazica (Boiss.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agropyron lazicum Boiss., Fl. Orient.
5: 661. 1884 ≡ Elymus lazicus (Boiss.) Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 79. 1984.
Elytrigia lazica subsp. divaricata (Boiss. & Balansa) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agropyron divaricatum Boiss. & Balansa in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 307. 1857 ≡ Elymus lazicus
subsp. divaricatus (Boiss. & Balansa) Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 79. 1984.
Elytrigia lazica subsp. lomatolepis (Melderis) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Elymus lazicus
subsp. lomatolepis Melderis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 79. 1984.
Secale strictum subsp. balcanum (Ganchev) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Secale montanum
var. balcanum Ganchev, Fl. Rep. Pop. Bulg. 1: 486. 1963.
Triticum monococcum subsp. sinskajae (A. A. Filatenko & U. K. Kurkiev) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb.
nov. ≡ Triticum sinskajae A. A. Filatenko & U.K. Kurkiev in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 54(1): 239. 1975.
Triticum timopheevii subsp. militinae (Zhuk. & Migush.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡
Triticum militinae Zhuk. & Migush. in Vestn. Sel’skokhoz. Nauki 2: 16. 1969.
Triticum turgidum subsp. pyramidale (Percival) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Triticum
pyramidale Percival, Wheat Pl.: 156, 262. 1921.
Triticum turgidum subsp. subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Triticum dicoccon subsp. subspontaneum Tzvel. in Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 10: 41. 1973.
Poeae
Ochlopoa annua subsp. notabilis (Chrtek & V. Jirasek) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa
annua subsp. notabilis Chrtek & V. Jirasek in Biologia (Bratislava) 19: 494. 1964.
Ochlopoa annua subsp. pilantha (Ronniger) H. Scholz &Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa annua var.
pilantha Ronniger in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 81: 17. 1968.
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Ochlopoa annua subsp. raniglumis (Fröhner) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa annua var.
raniglumis Fröhner in Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe
12: 670. 1963.
Ochlopoa dimorphantha (Murb.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa dimorphantha Murb. in
Acta Univ. Lund., sect. 2, 36(1): 20. 1900.
Ochlopoa harveyi (Chrtek) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa harveyi Chrtek in Casopis
Nár. Muz., Odd. Prír. 165: 128. 1996.
Ochlopoa ×nannfeldtii (Jirásek) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Poa ×nannfeldtii Jirásek in Dostal,
Kvétena CSR: 1959. 1950.
Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz × Ochlopoa supina (Schrad.) H. Scholz.
Ochlopoa rivulorum (Maire & Trabut) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa rivolorum Maire
& Trabut in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 395. 1924.
Ochlopoa speluncarum (Edmondson) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa speluncarum Edmonson in Davis, Fl. Turkey 9: 623. 1985.
Ochlopoa supina (Schrad.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Poa supina Schrad., Fl. Germ.:
289. 1806.
Aveneae
Agrostis gigantea subsp. glaucescens (Widén) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis
gigantea var. glaucescens Widén in Fl. Fenn. 5: 104. 1971.
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gaditana (Boiss. & Reut.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Sporobolus gaditanus Boiss. & Reut., Pugill. Pl. Nov. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 125. 1852.
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. karsensis (Litv.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis
karsensis Litv. in Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Rossijsk. Akad. Nauk 8: 147. 1922.
Agrostis vinealis subsp. ericetorum (Préaub. & Bouvet) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡
Agrostis ericetorum Préaub. & Bouvet in Bull. Soc. Études Sci. Angers, ser. 2, 18: 86. 1899.
Alopecurus magellanicus subsp. glaucus (Less.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Alopecurus
glaucus Less. in Linnaea 9: 206. 1834.
Avellinia festucoides (Link) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Bromus festucoides Link in J.
Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 315. 1800.
Avenella flexuosa subsp. corsica (Tausch) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Aira corsica
Tausch in Flora 20: 102. 1837.
Avenella flexuosa subsp. iberica (Rivas Martínez) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Deschampsia flexuosa subsp. iberica Rivas Martínez in Trab. Dep. Bot. Fisiol. Veg. Univ. Madrid 3:
113. 1971.
Avenula blaui subsp. aenigmatica (Lange) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Helictotrichon
blaui subsp. aenigmaticum Lange in Biblioth. Bot. 145: 181. 1995.
Avenula hookeri subsp. schelliana (Hack.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Avena schelliana
Hack. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 419. 1892.
Avenula praeusta subsp. pseudoviolacea (Dalla Torre) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Avena
pseudoviolacea Dalla Torre, Atl. Alpenfl.: 228. 1882.
Avenula pubescens subsp. longiflora (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Avenula pubescens var. longifolia Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 545. 1884.
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Avenula versicolor subsp. caucasica (Holub) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Helictotrichon
versicolor proles caucasicum Holub in Preslia 31: 51. 1959.
Koeleria macrantha subsp. helvetica (Domin) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Koeleria
gracilis subsp. helvetica Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 65: 226. 1907.
Neoschischkinia pourretii (Willd.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis pourretii Willd.
in Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesamten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 290. 1808.
Neoschischkinia reuteri (Boiss.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis reuteri Boiss., Voy.
Bot. Espagne 2: 645. 1844.
Neoschischkinia truncatula (Parl.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis truncata Parl., Fl.
Ital. 1: 185. 1848.
Neoschischkinia truncatula subsp. durieui (Willk.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Agrostis
durieui Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hisp.: 15. 1893.
Agrostis durieui Willk. is not a nomen nudum as considered by Castroviejo & Charpin (in
Candollea 38: 676. 1983) and Romero & al. (in Ruiza 7: 141. 1988), because it is validated by the
description of n. 237, “A. capillaris” sensu Willk. [non L.] in Willkomm & Lange, Prodr. Fl.
Hisp. 1: 55. 1861.
Rostraria pumila subsp. fuscescens (Pomel) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Trisetum fuscescens Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 387. 1874.
Arundineae
Arundo collina subsp. hellenica (Danin & al.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Arundo hellenica Danin
& al. in Willdenowia 32: 191. 2002.
Danthonieae
Danthonia glaberrima (Post) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Triodia glaberrima Post., Fl.
Syria: 874. 1896.
Pappophoreae
Enneapogon foxii (Post) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Pappophorum foxii Post, Fl. Syria:
873. 1896.
Stipeae
Macrochloa antiatlantica (Barreña & al.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Stipa antiatlantica
Barreña & al. in Novon 16: 13. 2006.
Macrochloa tenacissima subsp. gabensis (Moraldo & al.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡
Stipa gabensis Moraldo & al. in Candollea 44: 78. 1986.
Stipa letourneuxii subsp. tunetana (H. Scholz) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Stipa tunetana H. Scholz
in Willdenowia 20: 79. 1991.
Stipa scholzii Valdés, nom. nov. ≡ Stipa martinovskyi Moraldo in Webbia 37: 25. 1983 [non
Klokov in Novosti Sist. Vyss. Nizs. Rast. 1975: 37. 1976].
Paniceae
Setaria italica subsp. moharia (Alef.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Panicum italicum convar.
moharium Alef., Landwirtsch. Fl.: 315. 1866.
Urochloa leersioides (Hochst.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Panicum leersioides Hochst. in
Flora 38: 196. 1855.
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Phalarideae
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. oehleri (Pilg.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Phalaris
arundinacea subsp. oehleri Pilg. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 91. 1909.
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii (Husn.) Valdés & H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Baldingera
arundinacea var. rotgesii Husn., Gram.: 87. 1899.
Eragrostideae
Eragrostis barrelieri subsp. ambigua (Dobignard & Portal) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡
Eragrostis barrelieri var. ambigua Dobignard & Portal in Portal, Eragrostis France & Eur.
Occid.: 173. 2002.
Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. thyrsiflora (Willk.) H. Scholz & Valdés, comb. nov. ≡ Eragrostis
megastachya var. thyrsiflora Willk. in Willkomm & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 83. 1861 ≡ Eragrostis cilianensis var. thyrsiflora (Willk.) Dobignard & Portal in Portal, Eragrostis France &
Eur. Occid. 197. 2002.
Andropogoneae
Tripidium H. Scholz, nom. nov. ≡ Ripidium Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 169. 1820 [non Bernhardi in J.
Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 127. 1801] ≡ Erianthus sect. Ripidium (Trin.) Henrard in Feddes
Repert. 22: 350. 1926.
The New World members of Erianthus Michx. (sect. Erianthus) are quite distinct from the
Old World members (E. sect. Ripidium with tri- instead of bistaminate flowers, as in American
species). The distinctness is substantiated by recent isozyme, flavonoid and molecular marker
studies and consequently the Old World species are treated as a separate genus with the (illegitimate) name Ripidium so far.
Tripidium bengalense (Retz.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Saccharum bengalense Retz., Observ.
Bot. 5: 16. 1789 ≡ Erianthus bengalensis (Retz.) Bharadw. & al. in Agra Univ. J. Res., Sci. 5: 311.
1957 ≡ Ripidium bengalense (Retz.) Grassl in Proc. 14th Congr. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technologists 1972: 244. 1972 = Saccharum sara Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 244. 1832.
Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Andropogon ravennae L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2:
1481. 1763 ≡ Erianthus ravennae (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 14. 1812 ≡ Ripidium ravennae
(L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 169. 1820 ≡ Saccharum ravennae (L.) L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13: 88. 1774.
Tripidium ravennae subsp. parviflorum (Pilg.) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Erianthus parviflorus
Pilg. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120: 63. 1917 ≡ Erianthus ravennae subsp. parviflorus (Pilg.) H. Scholz
in Willdenowia 6: 291. 1971 ≡ Saccharum ravennae subsp. parviflorum (Pilg.) Maire, Étud. Fl.
Vég. Sahara: 54. 1933.
Tripidium strictum (Host) H. Scholz, comb. nov. ≡ Andropogon strictus Host, Gram. Austr. 2: 2.
1802 ≡ Ripidium strictum Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 169. 1820 = Erianthus adpressus Jáv., Magyar
Fl.: 62. 1924.
Addresses of the authors:
Prof. Dr Benito Valdés, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología,
Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
Prof. Dr Hildemar Scholz, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie
Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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665
Table 1. The Euro+Med genera of Gramineae. – Accepted names appear in bold-face type and
synonyms in italics. Genera not native to the Euro+Med area are included in square brackets.
Arundinarieae
[Arundinaria Michx.]
Pleioblastus Nakai]
= Arundinaria Michx. p.p.
[Pseudosasa Nakai]
[Sasa Makino & Shibata]
[Sasaella Makino]
Shibataeeae
[Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc., nom. cons.]
[Semiarundinaria Nakai]
Bambuseae
[Bambusa Schreb., nom. cons.]
Seslerieae
Ammochloa Boiss.
Echinaria Desf.
Oreochloa Link
Sesleria Scop.
= Psilathera Link
= Sesleriella Deyl
Meliceae
Melica L.
Schizachne Hack.
Glycerieae
Glyceria R. Br., nom. cons.
Pleuropogon R. Br.
Bromeae
Anisantha K. Koch
= Bromus sect. Genea Dumort.
Boissiera Steud.
Bromopsis Fourr.
= Bromus sect. Pnigma Dumort.
= Zerna Panzer
Bromus L.
= Serrafalcus Parl.
[Ceratochloa P. Beauv.]
= Bromus sect. Ceratochloa (P. Beauv.)
Griseb.
Nevskiella Krecz. & Vved.
= Bromus L., p.p.
Brachypodieae
Brachypodium P. Beauv.
= Brevipodium Á. Löve & D. Löve
Trachynia Link
= Brachypodium sect. Trachynia (Link)
Nyman
Triticeae
= Hordeae
Aegilops L.
= Aegilemma Á. Löve
= Aegilonearum Á. Löve
= Aegilopodes Á. Löve
= Chennapyrum Á. Löve
= Comopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á. Löve
= Cylindropyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á. Löve
= Gastropyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á. Löve
= Kiharapyrum Á. Löve
= Orrhopygium Á. Löve
= Patropyrum Á. Löve
= Sitopsis Jaub. & Spach
Agropyron Gaertn.
= Agropyrum Roem. & Schult., var. orth.
Amblyopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Eig
= Aegilops L., p.p.
Crithopsis Jaub. & Spach
Dasypyrum (Coss. & Durieu) T. Durand
= Haynaldia Schur
= Pseudosecale Schur
Elymus L.
= Agropyrum (Host.) Dumort.
= Clinelymus (Griseb.) Nevski
= Goulardia Husn.
= Roegneria W. D. J. Koch
Elytrigia Desv.
= Elymus L., p.p.
= Lophopyrum Á. Löve
= Psammopyrum (Pers.) Á. Löve
= Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve
= Thinopyrum Á. Löve
= Trichopyrum Á. Löve
Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach
Festucopsis (C. E. Hubb.) Melderis
Henrardia C. E. Hubb.
Heteranthelium Hochst.
Hordelymus (Jessen) C. O. Harz
= Cuviera DC.
Hordeum L.
= Critesion Rafin.
Leymus Hochst.
= Aneurolepidium Nevski
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Peridictyon Seberg & al.
= Festucopsis (C. E. Hubb.) Melderis p.p.
Psathyrostachys Nevski
Secale L.
Taeniatherum Nevski
Triticum L.
= Crithodium Link
= Gigachilon Seidl
Poeae
Lolium L.
Mibora Adans.
= Chamagrostis Wibel
Micropyropsis Romero Zarco & Cabezudo
Micropyrum Link
Narduroides Rouy
Nephelochloa Boiss.
Ochlopoa (Asch. & Graebn.) H. Scholz
= Poa sect. Ochlopoa Asch. & Graebn.
Oreopoa H. Scholz & Parolly
Paracolpodium (Tzvel.) Tzvel.
Parafestuca E. B. Alexeev
Phippsia (Trin.) R. Br.
Poa L.
Pseudosclerochloa Tzvel.
Psilurus Trin.
Puccinellia Parl., nom. cons.
= Atropis Rupr.
×Schedolium Soreng & Terrell
Schedonorus P. Beauv.
= Festuca subg. Schoedonorus (P. Beauv.)
Peterm.
= Festuca sect. Bovinae (Anderss.) Hackel
Sclerochloa P. Beauv.
Sphenopus Trin.
Vulpia C. C. Gmel.
= Loretia Duval-Jouve
= Nardurus Rchb.
Vulpiella (Trab.) Burollet
Wangenheimia Moench
Agropyropsis (Batt. & Trab.) A. Camus
= Catapodium subg. Agropyropsis Batt.
& Trab.
Arctagrostis Griseb.
Arctophila (Rupr.) N. J. Andersson
Beckmannia Host
Bellardiochloa Chiov.
Briza L.
= Macrobriza (Tzvel.) Tzvel.
Brizochloa V. Jirásek & Chrtek
= Briza L., p.p.
Castellia Tineo
Catabrosa P. Beauv.
Catabrosella (Tzvel.) Tzvel.
Catapodium Link
= Scleropoa Griseb., p.p.
Cinna L.
Colpodium Trin.
Ctenopsis De Not.
Cutandia Willk.
Aveneae
Cynosurus L.
Agrostis L.
= Falona Adans.
= Vilfa Adans.
Dactylis L.
= Trichodium Michx.
Desmazeria Dumort.
Aira L.
= Scleropoa Griseb., p.p.
Airopsis Desv.
Drymochloa Holub
Alopecurus L.
= Festuca sect. Montanae Hack.
= Colobachne P. Beauv.
Dupontia R. Br.
Ammophila Host
Eremopoa Roshev.
= Psamma P. Beauv.
Festuca L.
Anthoxanthum L.
×Festulolium Asch. & Graebn.
Antinoria Parl.
Hyalopoa (Tzvel.) Tzvel.
Apera Adans.
= Colpodium subgen. Hyalopoa Tzvel.
Aristavena Albers & Butzin
Lamarckia Moench, nom. & orth. cons.
= Deschampsia P. Beauv., p.p.
Leucopoa Griseb.
Arrhenatherum P. Beauv.
= Festuca sect. Leucopoa (Griseb.) Krivot.
Avellinia Parl.
Libyella Pamp.
Avena L.
Lindbergella Bor
= Anelytrum Hack.
= Lindbergia Bor, non Kindberg
Loliolum Krecz. & Bobrov
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Avenella Drejer
= Deschampsia P. Beauv., p.p.
= Lerchenfeldia Schur
Avenula (Dumort.) Dumort.
= Avenochloa Holub
= Avenastrum Opiz
Calamagrostis Adans.
= Deyeuxia P. Beauv.
×Calammophila Brand
= ×Ammocalamagrostis P. Fourn.
Chaetopogon Janchen
= Chaeturus Link, non Willd.
Cornucopiae L.
Corynephorus P. Beauv., nom. cons.
= Anachortus Jirásek & Chrtek
= Weingaertneria Bernh.
Danthoniastrum (Holub) Holub
Deschampsia P. Beauv.
Gastridium P. Beauv.
Gaudinia P. Beauv.
Gaudiniopsis Eig
Helictotrichon Besser
Hierochloë R. Br., nom. cons.
= Savastana Schrank
Holcus L., nom. cons.
= Homalachne Kuntze
Koeleria Pers.
= Airochloa Link
Lagurus L.
Linkagrostis Romero García & al.
Maillea Parl.
= Phleum sect. Maillea (Parl.) Horn
Molineriella Rouy
= Molineria Parl., non Colla
Neoschischkinia Tzvel.
Parvotrisetum Chrtek
Periballia Trin.
Phleum L.
= Chilochloa P. Beauv.
Pilgerochloa Eig
Polypogon Desf.
Pseudophleum Dogan
Pseudarrhenatherum Rouy
= Thorea Rouy
Rhizocephalus Boiss.
Rostraria Trin.
= Lophochloa Rchb.
Triplachne Link
Trisetaria Forssk.
667
Trisetum Pers.
Vahlodea Fries
Ventenata Koeler, nom. cons.
Hainardieae
= Monermeae
Hainardia Greuter*
= Monerma P. Beauv., nom. illeg.
= Lepturus auct., non R. Br.
Parapholis C. E. Hubb.
= Lepidurus Janch.
Pholiurus Trin.
Phalarideae
Phalaris L.
Phalaroides Wolf
= Baldingera Gaertn.
= Digraphis Trin.
= Typhoides Moench
Coleantheae
Coleanthus Seidl, nom. cons.
Scolochloeae
Scolochloa Link, nom. cons.
= Fluminia Fries
Milieae
Milium L.
Zingeria P. Smirnov
Zingeriopsis Probat.
Stipeae
Achnatherum P. Beauv.
= Aristella (Trin.) Bertol.
= Lasiagrostis Link
Celtica F. M. Vázquez & Barkworth
[Jaraba Ruíz & Pavón]
Macrochloa Kunth
[Nassella (Trin.) Desv.]
Piptatherum P. Beauv.
= Oryzopsis auct. eur., non Michx.
= Urachne Trin.
Stipa L.
Ampelodesmeae
Ampelodesmos Link
= Ampelodesma Durand. & Schinz, var.
orth.
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* The authors use Hainardia Greuter as the correct name for Monerma P. Beauv. while completing a study on the le-
gitimacy of both names.
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Arundineae
Arundo L.
Phragmites Adans.
[Rytidosperma Steud.]
Cortaderieae
[Cortaderia Stapf, nom. cons.]
Danthonieae
Centropodia Rchb.
= Asthenatherum Nevski
Danthonia DC.
= Sieglingia Bernh.
= Triodia auct., non R. Br.
Schismus P. Beauv.
Arundinelleae
Danthoniopsis Stapf
Molinieae
Molinia Schrank
Aristideae
Aristida L.
= Chaetaria P. Beauv.
Stipagrostis Nees
Nardeae
Nardus L.
Lygeeae
Lygeum L.
Pappophoreae
Enneapogon P. Beauv.
Aeluropodeae
Aeluropus Trin.
Eragrostideae
Coelachyrum Hochst. & Nees
Crypsis Aiton
= Heleochloa Host
Dactyloctenium Willd.
Desmostachya Stapf
Dinebra Jacq.
[Diplachne P. Beauv.]
Eleusine Gaertn.
Eragrostis Wolf
= Diandrochloa de Winter
Valdés & Scholz: Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae
Kengia Packer
= Cleistogenes Keng, nom. inval.
Leptochloa P. Beauv.
[Muhlenbergia Schreb.]
Ochtochloa Edgew.
Sporobolus R. Br.
Trichoneura Andersson
Triraphis R. Br.
Cynodonteae
= Chlorideae
= Zoysieae
[Bouteloua Lag.]
Chloris Swartz
Cynodon L. C. M. Richard, nom. cons.
= Dactylon Roem. & Schult
Enteropogon Nees
Leptothrium Kunth
= Latipes Kunth
Melanocenchris Nees
Oropetium Trin.
Schoenefeldia Kunth
Tetrapogon Desf.
Tragus Haller, nom. cons.
= Lappago Schreb.
= Nazia Adans.
Tripogon Roem. & Schult.
Spartineae
Spartina Schreb.
Ehrharteae
Ehrharta Thunb.
Oryzeae
Leersia Swartz, nom. cons.
[Oryza L.]
[Zizania L.]
= Homalocenchrus Mieg
Paniceae
Anthephora Schreb.
[Axonopus P. Beauv.]
Cenchrus L.
[Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould]
= Panicum subg. Dichanthelicum Hitchc.
& Chase
Digitaria Haller, nom. cons.
Echinochloa P. Beauv.
Eriochloa Kunth
Megathyrsus (Pilg.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L.
Jacobs
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Melinis P. Beauv.
= Mellinus Endl., var. orth.
= Rhynchelytrum Nees
Moorochloa Veldk.
Oplismenus P. Beauv.
Panicum L.
Paspalidium Stapf
[Paspalum L.]
Pennisetum Rich.
Setaria P. Beauv.
[Stenotaphrum Trin.]
Tricholaena Schrad.
Urochloa P. Beauv.
Andropogoneae
Andropogon L.
Arthraxon P. Beauv.
Bothriochloa Kuntze
Chrysopogon Trin., nom. cons.
= Pollinia Spreng.
= Vetiveria Bory
[Coix L.]
Cymbopogon Spreng.
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Dichanthium Willemet
= Eremopogon Stapf
Elionurus Willd.
[Euchlaena Schrad.]
Hemarthria R. Br.
Heteropogon Pers.
Hyparrhenia E. Fourn.
Imperata Cyrillo
Lasiurus Boiss.
Microstegium Nees
= Pollinia Trin.
[Miscanthus Andersson]
Phacelurus Griseb.
Saccharum L.
Sorghum Moench
Spodiopogon Trin.
Themeda Forssk.
Tripidium H. Scholz
= Erianthus auct., non Michx.
= Ripidium Trin., nom. illeg.
= Saccharum L., p.p.
[Tripsacum L.]
[Zea L.]
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