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SYNOPSIS AND RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF MONGOLIA

SYNOPSIS AND RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF MONGOLIA

Profile image of Urgamal MagsarUrgamal Magsar

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Synopsis and recent additions to the flora of Mongolia_2013

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2017_The sub-endemic species to the vascular flora of Mongolia updated_Biol_33.pdf

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The update of checklist of sub-endemic vascular plant species to the flora of Mongolia, which was on the species level have been made by last conspectus of the “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014)”. At a present, a total of 495 species (included 13 subspecies) are sub-endemic vascular plants (15.82%) belonging to 163 genera and 40 families of Mongolia updated. The most of families and genera richnest in sub-endemic species are Fabaceae (125 species), Asteraceae (103 species), Brassicaceae (32 species) families and Oxytropis (55 species), Astragalus (45 species), and Artemisia (26 species) genera and most of sub-endemic species spreaded Mongolian Altai mountain (311 species), Khangai mountain (174 species), and Gobi Altai mountain regions (161 species). The present a total new 36 species were into sub-endemic species group to the vascular plants of Mongolia at this time.

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Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia -IV (2019)

Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia -IV

2019 •

Urgamal Magsar, Darikhand D., Munkh-Erdene Tovuudorj

The article presents updates on the new species recorded in the "Conspectus of the Vascular Plants of Mongolia" (Urgamal et al. 2014), and three articles published "Additions to the Vascular Flora of Mongolia-I, II, III (2013, 2014, 2016)" listed as new for the Mongolian floristic novelties and reported as well. The aim of this article is to officially report new records for vascular plants from Mongolia, and this includes the data in total, 28 species (with 2 infraspecies) from 19 genera and 12 families. In addition, Cerastium alpinum, Dianthus repens, Draba alpina, Eritrichium tianschanicum, Gastrolychnis violascens, Iris oxypetala, Papaver chakassicum, Papaver lapponicum, Potentilla turczaninowiana, Stellaria depressa (10 species) were newly recorded in the list of vascular flora of Mongolia. The newly added species come under the following families and genera: Caryophyllaceae (5 species), Ranunculaceae (4 species), and Rosaceae (4 species) families and Potentilla (4 species), Geranium (3 species), and Iris (3 species) genera. The most recent additions to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia are: Mongolian Altai (9 species), Khovd (7 species), and Khangai (6 species) regions. At present, 3191 taxa (including 134 subspecies and 34 varieties) of vascular plants, representing over 684 genera from 108 families, 39 orders, 12 classes, includes 5 divisions, and 3 superclades (Ferns, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae) are registered in Mongolia. Since the last conspectus (Urgamal et al. 2014) was published, 1genera, 64 species and subspecies have been newly added to the flora of Mongolia. The newly recorded 5 species are "endemic"and 9 species are "sub-endemic" to Mongolia. Therefore, currently a total of 125 species (3.91%) are "endemic", and 532 species (16.65%) are "sub-endemic" to the vascular flora of Mongolia, respectively.

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Mongolian Journal of Botany

Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia -V

2021 •

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This article presents the updates on the total 39 species of vascular plants belonging to 23 genera of 20 families, newly registered genera in Mongolia since the “Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia - IV” (Urgamal et al. 2019). In addition, this the article reports newly records of 39 species for the first time mentioned in the following researchers reported (Baasanmunkh et al. 2019, 2020a, 2020b, 2021a, 2021b; Badamtsetseg et al. 2019; Dorofeyev 2019; Elizaveta A Pyak et al. 2020; German 2009; Nobis 2013; Ovchinnikova 2019, 2019c, 2020; Pyak et al. 2019; Takashi Shiga et al. 2020; Troshkina 2021; Yurtseva et al. 2016) and has been added to the vascular flora of Mongolia. At present, 3232 taxa (includes 135 subspecies and 34 varieties) of vascular plants, representing over 686 genera from 108 families, 39 orders, 12 classes, includes 5 divisions, and 3 superclades (Ferns, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae) are registered in Mongolia. Since the last conspectus (Urgamal et al. 2014) have been published, 3 genera, 105 species and subspecies have been newly added to the vascular flora of Mongolia. The includes to newly records for 9 species (Atraphaxis kamelinii, Craniospermum desertorum, C. gubanovii, C. kamelinii, C. montano-stepposum, C. pseudotuvinicum, C. volkovae, Dontostemon gubanovii, Stipa austromongolica) are as endemic to Mongolia. Therefore, currently total of 102 species are endemic to the vascular flora of Mongolia, respectively.

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2014 Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia-II 40th year IB MAS

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2016_ADDITIONS TO THE VASCULAR FLORA OF MONGOLIA -III (Since the " Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia 2014 "

2016 •

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The paper presents the updates on the new species; new regional and new location records since the treatment for " Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia " (Urgamal et al. 2014) listed as new for the Mongolian floristic novelties and reported as well. This article includes the data on new species records for 33 species (2 subspecies and 1 varietes) included 20 genera and 14 families to the vascular flora of Mongolia. One genus (Matthiola) has been added as new to the flora of Mongolia. An annotated checklist of vascular plant species and phytogeography for Mongolia is given. The most made additions of the number of species of following families and genera: Ranunculaceae (12 species), Rosaceae (6 species), Brassicaceae (3 species) families and Potentilla (6 species), Ranunculus (4 species), and Aquilegia (3 species). The most made additions to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia are: Mongolian Altai (11 species), Khentei (10 species) and Khangai (4 species) regions. The includes to new records for 10 species are as " sub-endemic " and one species as " very rare " to the vascular flora of Mongolia.

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2017_The endemic species to the vascular flora of Mongolia updated

Urgamal Magsar

The findings of checklist of endemic vascular plant species to the flora o f Mongolia, which on the species level have been made by last conspectus of the “Conspectus of the vascular plants o f Mongolia” (Urgamal et al., 2014). At a present, a total o f 120 species (included 12 subspecies) are endemic vascular plants (3.83 %) belonging to 49 genera and 19 families o f Mongolia. The richestfamilies and genera in endemic species are Fabaceae (40 species), Asteraceae (23 species), Rosaceae (16 species) families and Astragalus (22 species), Oxytrops (13 species), and Potentilla (12 species) genera, and the largest number of endemic species is in Altai mountains (45 species), Khangai mountains (26 species), and Gobi regions (13 species). Also 25 species paleoendemics (20.8%) and 95 species o f neoendemics (79.2 ) are included in the vascular flora of Mongolia.

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Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia

Urgamal Magsar

This is a revision of the floristic composition of Mongolia, which was based on Gubanov`s conspectus (1996). It is revealed that 3053 species and subspecies of vascular plants, belonging to 679 genera, 112 families, 39 orders, 14 classes or clades and 5 divisions (according to APG III system) occur in the Mongolian flora in total. One family (Onocleaceae), 17 genera and 338 species have been added and 407 new combinations on the species level have been made since 1996.

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Introduction_Atlas of the Endemic Vascular Plants of Mongolia_2017.pdf

2017 •

Urgamal Magsar, Oyuna Batlai

The Atlas of the Endemic Vascular Plants of Mongolia is the first atlas of the Mongolia flora ever. An annotated checklist of endemic vascular plant species for Mongolia is present. The findings of checklist of endemic vascular plant species to the flora of Mongolia, which was on the species level have been made by since of last conspectus of the “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014)”. The previous endemic 36 species (these species are occurred in territory of China, Kazakhstan, and Russia) are out from the present endemic to Mongolia at this time and place in charge of sub-endemic group to the vascular plants of Mongolia. The six endemic species new recorded in this book. This book contains taxonomy, distribution, lifeform, habitat, typus and other information of a total of 120 species (included 12 subspecies) are endemic vascular plants (3.83%) belonging to 49 genera and 19 families of Mongolia updated and is presented. The most of families and genera richnest in endemic species are Fabaceae (40 species), Asteraceae (23 species), Rosaceae (16 species) families and Astragalus (22 species), Oxytropis (13 species) and Potentilla (12 species) genera and most of indigenous endemic species are Mongolian Altai mountain range (41 species), Khangai mountain range (26 species), and Gobi regions (15 species). Also included of 25 species paleo-endemics (20.8%) and 95 species of neo-endemics (79.2%) to the vascular flora of Mongolia. The endemic plants includes to 8 species as “very rare (VR)”, 27 species as “rare (R)”, and 3 species as “relict (RL)” in the (into a total 20 species) Mongolian Red Book (2013), and 8 species (CR-1, EN-1, VU-4, DD-2) in the Mongolian Red List (IUCN) to the vascular flora of Mongolia.

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Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Additions to the Vascular Flora of Mongolia - III

2017 •

Munkh-Erdene Tovuudorj

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Urgamal, M., Oyuntsetseg, B. & Nyambayar, D. 2013. Synopsis and recent additions to the flora of Mongolia. Proc. Inst. Bot., Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 25: 53-72. SYNOPSIS AND RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF MONGOLIA Urgamal M.,1 Oyuntsetseg B.,2 Nyambayar D.2 1 Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences; 2National University of Mongolia urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn; oyuna@num.edu.mn; nyambayar@num.edu.mn Abstract This is a revision of the floristic composition of Mongolia, which was based on Gubanov`s conspectus (1996). It is revealed that 3053 species and subspecies of vascular plants, belonging to 679 genera, 112 families, 39 orders, 14 classes or clades and 5 divisions (according to APG III system) occur in the Mongolian flora in total. One family (Onocleaceae), 17 genera and 338 species have been added and 407 new combinations on the species level have been made since 1996. The currently most species number of followed families: Asteraceae (459 spp.), Fabaceae (354 spp.), Poaceae (258 spp.), Rosaceae (157 spp.), Brassicaceae (155 spp.) and most additions made to the following families: Asteraceae (57 spp.), Fabaceae (52 spp.), Brassicaceae (25 spp.), Poaceae (20 spp.), Rosaceae (18 spp.) and to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia: Mongolian Altai (134 spp.), Khentei (71 spp.), Mongol Daurian (64 spp.), Khangai (44 spp.), Dzungarian Gobi (44 spp.) and Khubsugul (27 spp.). Currently, in total of more 1260 new area records of the about 850 species. The at present includes in total 572 species (18.73%) endemic (151 spp.) and subendemic (421 spp.). The includes to 135 species as “very rare” in the Mongolian Red Book (2013) and 148 species in the Mongolian Red List Book (2011) to the vascular flora of Mongolia. Keywords: Conspectus, Vascular flora of Mongolia, new taxa, new distribution, endemic and subendemic composition of Mongolia and on the distribution of certain taxa in the territory of Outer Mongolia. These data were mainly gathered by the Soviet-Mongolian Integrated Biological Expeditions since 1970, organized by the Soviet and Mongolian Academies of Sciences, and by German botanists worked with botanists from the National University of Mongolia. The main works on the vascular flora of Mongolia (formerly People’s Republic of Mongolia, Outer Mongolia) have been “Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas)” by Grubov (1982) and “Conspectus of flora of Outer Mongolia (vascular plants)” by Gubanov (1996) and some others can be mentioned (Table 1). The conspectus (Gubanov, 1996) summed up new data on the floristic Table 1. Overview of the vascular plant species to the flora of Mongolia Sources and references Maximowciz, C.J. (1859) Grubov, V.I. (1955) Grubov, V.I. (1982) Ulziykhutag, N. (1989) Gubanov, I.A. (1996) Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J. & Munkhbaatar, A. (2004) Kamelin, R.V. & Ulziykhutag, N. (2005) Ulziykhutag, N., Dugarjav, Ch., Tuvshintogtokh, I., Mandakh, B., Narantuya, N., Tsooj, Sh., Urgamal, M. & Munkhjargal, B. (2009) Darijmaa, Sh., Kamelin, R.V., Ulziykhutag, N. & Ganbold, E. (2010) Virtual Flora of Mongolia (FloraGREIF, Germany, 2013) At present 1 Family Genus Species 97 103 122 128 130 130 555 599 625 662 ~680 ~700 489 1897 2239 2443 2823 ~3000 2930 2946 700~ 134 2950 130 2879 669 128 3053 679 *112 * family name by APG (LAPG) III of Mongolia (according to Grubov, 1982): 1. Khubsugul; 2. Khentei; 3. Khangai; 4. Mongolian Dauria; 5. Great Khingan; 6. Khobdo; 7. Mongolian Altai; 8. Middle Khalkha; 9. East Mongolia; 10. Depression of Great Lakes; 11. Valley of Lakes; 12. East Gobi; 13. Gobi-Altai; 14. Dzungarian Gobi; 15. Transaltai Gobi; 16. Alashan Gobi (Figure 1). Nomenclature is based on Gubanov (1996), APG (LAPG) III (2009), IPNI (2013), WCSP (2013) and APWeb (version 13) etc. The records of new species to the flora are listed for since Gubanov`s (1996) conspectus (Table 3). Materials and Methods The Herbarium (UBA) of the Institute of Botany, MAS contains more than 125.000 specimens, and Herbarium (UBU) of the Department of Botany, NUM contains about 12.000 specimens. In total 137.000 specimens represent more than 2745 species of vascular plants belonging to over 640 genera and 108 families. The Database of the Mongolian Flora includes more 3100 species (incl. cultivated plants) of vascular plants belonging to more 690 genera in 113 families (Urgamal, 2012). Specifications to the distribution of species, in 16 phyto-geographical regions Figure 1. Map of phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia (by Grubov, 1982) Turczaninowia, Verbascum) and one family have been registered to the flora of Mongolia since Gubanov`s (1996) conpectus (Table 3, 4, 5). Therefore 407 new combinations at the species level have been made. At present, the vascular flora of Mongolia consists of 3053 species and subspecies belong to 679 genera, 112 Results New records of 338 species belong to more 162 genera and 45 families. Also new 17 genera (Berteroa, Boschniakia, Ceratocephala, Dactylis, Litwinowia, Mazus, Milium, Olimarabidopsis, Onoclea, Ornithopus, Pachypterygium, Perovskia, Sibiraea, Sterigmostemum, Strigosella, 2 The number of species are distributed of following phytogeographical regions of Mongolia: Mongolian Altai (1534 spp.), Khangai (1516), Mongol Dauria (1281 spp.) etc (Table 6). 19 families of previous system are included in other families (#, + sister taxa); 14 families have received new names ($) and one are newly added (+) to the flora of Mongolia. The newly added family is Onocleaceae. (Table 3). The following 13 species and 12 genera of cultivated plants, which are naturalized are included in the species composition: Avena fatua L., A. sativa L., Hordeum vulgaris L., Secale cereale L., Triticum aestivum L. (Grubov, 1982); Ornithopus perpusillus L., Pisum arvense L. (Ulziykhutag, 2003); Verbascum thapsus L. (Darijmaa, 2009); Coriandrum sativum L. (Ligaa, 1996); Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L., Pastinaca sativa L. (Urgamal, 2009, 2013); Lonicera tatarica L. (Ulziykhutag & Darijmaa, 1980; Ochirbat, 2009). families, 39 orders, 14 classes or clades and 5 divisions (Table 2). Currently most genus and species number of followed families to the flora of Mongolia: Asteraceae (85/459), Fabaceae (26/354), Poaceae (62/258), Rosaceae (28/157), Brassicaceae (60/155). The following largest genus: Astragalus (132 spp.), Artemisia (102 spp.), Oxytropis (98 spp.), Carex (92 spp.), Potentilla (70 spp.) etc (Table 6). The includes to 135 species as “very rare” in the Mongolian Red Book (2013) and 148 species in the Mongolian Red List Book (2011) to the vascular flora of Mongolia. The includes in total 572 species (18.73%) endemic (151 spp., 4.97%) and subendemic (421 spp., 13.73%) to the flora of Mongolia. The largest following families with endemic and subendemic species: Fabacaeae (155 spp.), Asteraceae (111 spp.), Rosaceae (39 spp.), Brassicaceae (37 spp.) and Poaceae (25 spp.). Table 2. Details of macrosystem classification of the flora of Mongolia (based on APG III, 2009; arranged by APWeb, 2013) Super clades Divisions 1. Lycopodiophyta Fern 2. Pteridophyta Gymnosperms 3. Pinophyta 4. Gnetophyta 5. Magnoliophyta Angiosperms Classes or clades 1. Lycopodiopsida 2. Isoetopsida 3. Psilotopsida 4. Equisetopsida 5. Polypodiospsida 6. Pinopsida 7. Gnetopsida 8. Monocots 9. Commelinids 10. Probably sister eudicots 11. Eudicots 12. Core eudicots 13. Rosids Eurosids I (Fabids) 3 Order 1. Lycopodiales 2. Selaginellales 3. Ophioglossales 4. Equisetales 5. Polypodiales 6. Pinales 7. Ephedrales 8. Nymphaeales 9. Acorales 10. Alismatales 11. Liliales 12. Asparagales 13. Poales 14. Ceratophyllales 15. Ranunculales 16. Saxifragales 17. Santalales 18. Caryophyllales 19. Zygophyllales 20. Celastrales Family 1 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 1 9 2 5 4 1 4 6 1 10 1 1 Eurosids II (Malvids) 14. Asterids Euasterids I (Lamiids) Euasterids II (Campanuliids) 3 superclades 5 divisions 21. Oxalidales 22. Malpighiales 23. Fabales 24. Fagales 25. Rosales 26. Geraniales 27. Myrtales 28. Brassicales 29. Malvales 30. Sapindales 31. Cornales 32. Ericales 33. Boraginales 34. Gentianales 35. Lamiales 36. Solanales 37. Asterales 38. Apiales 39. Dipsacales 14 classes and clades 1 6 2 1 6 1 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 3 7 2 3 1 2 39 orders 112 Table 3. List of new records to the flora of Mongolia (since of Gubanov`s conspectus, 1996) Scientific name $ Cystopteridaceae Shmakov (incl. Cystopteris from Athyriaceae) Cystopteris sudetica A. Braun & Milde + Onocleaceae Pic. Serm. (incl. genus Matteuccia) Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro Onoclea sensibilis L. $ Dryopteridaceae Herter (incl. Aspidiaceae) Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi Larix czekanowskii Szafran Liliaceae Juss. Fritillaria dagana Turcz. Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev G. kuraiensis Levichev Orchidaceae Juss. Cypripedium ventricosum Sw. Iridaceae Juss. Iris ivanovae Doronkin Sources and references Region numbers Dulamsuren et al., 2004 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 2 Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003 Galanin et al., 2008 Khan & Ivleva, 2012 2, 4 2 Grubov, 1982 Dulamsuren et al., 2004 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 2, 5 Galanin et al., 2008 4 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Levichev, 2001;Olonova et al., 2013 2 7 7 Doronkin, 2012 2 Doronkin & Ivleva, 2012 Alexeev, 2011 Olonova et al., 2013 Khanminchun, 1984 Smirnov et al., 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Doronkin & Shaulo, 2007 Galanin, 2009 Zumberelmaa, 2004, 2009 I. kamelinii Alexeeva I. loczyi Kanitz I. ludwigii Maxim. I. psammocola Y.T. Zhao I. pseudothoroldii Galanin I. sibirica L. 4 2, 3 7 7, 10 7 10 4 $ Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil. (incl. Alliaceae) Allium carolinianum DC. A. pallasii Murr. A. rubens Schrad. ex Willd. A. victorialis L. # Asparagaceae Juss. (incl. Asphodelaceae, Convallariaceae) Asparagus burjaticus Peschkova A. neglectus Kar. & Kir. Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda Juncaceae Juss Juncus virens Buchenau Cyperaceae Juss. Carex chloroleuca Meinsh. C. chordorrhiza Ehrh. ex L. f. C. eremopyroides V.I. Krecz. C. lasiocarpa Ehrh. C. limosa L. C. magellanica subsp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hiit. C. praecox Schreb. C. raddei Kuk. Poaceae Barnhart Agrostis tuvinica Peschkova Calamagrostis angustifolia subsp. tenuis (V.N. Vassil.) Tzvelev C. inexpansa subsp. micrantha (Kearney) Stebbins C. kuznetzovii Tzvelev Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Dactylis glomerata L. Elymus karakabinicus Kotukhov E. kronokensis (Kom.) Tzvelev Festuca jacutica Drobov F. pseudosulcata Drobov Leymus ordensis Peschkova L. secalinus var. mongolicus (Meld.) Tzvelev Milium effusum L. Poa attenuata subsp. tshuensis (Serg.) Olon. P. ircutica Roshev P. mongolica (Rendle) Keng P. pratensis subsp. pruinosa (Korotky) Dickore Setaria viridis subsp. weinmanii (Roem. et Schult.) Tzvelev Stipa sczerbakovii Kotuch. S. tianschanica Roshev. # Papaveraceae Juss. (incl. Fumariaceae, Hypecoaceae) Corydalis sajanensis Peschkova C. schanginii (Pall.) B. Fedtsch. Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. f. & Thomson Roemeria refracta DC. 5 Galanin, 2009 4, 5 Oyuntsetseg et al., 2013 Sanchir, 1992; Friesen, 1995 Friesen, 1995 Grubov, 1982 14 14 7, 14 2, 4 Galanin, 2009 Kamelin et al., 1991 Galanin & Belikovich, 2011 4 14 2 Galanin et al., 2008 4 Nyambayar, 2009 Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003 Nyambayar, 2009 Grubov, 1982; Nyambayar, 2009 Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004 Darijmaa, 2009 Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004 Darijmaa, 2009 Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004 Darijmaa, 2009 Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003 Nyambayar, 2009 Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004 Darijmaa, 2009 1 Galanin, 2009 1, 2 Galanin, 2009 Dulamsuren et al., 2004 Dulamsuren et al., 2004 Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003 Galanin, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Galanin, 2009 Clayton et al., 2006; Galanin, 2009 Galanin, 2009 Yen et al., 2009; Manibazar, 2010 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Galanin, 2009 Ariunsuren, 2006 Ariunsuren, 2006 Tzvelev, 2000 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Olonova et al., 2013 4 2 2 2 3, 4 7 4 4, 9 4 15 10 2 1-4, 7-13 4 5 2, 4 Munkh-Erdene & Urgamal, 2013 Smirnov et al., 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Munkh-Erdene & Urgamal, 2013 Munkh-Erdene, 2011 Sanchir, 1970; Manibazar, 2010 4 2 9, 11 2 2 2, 3 2 2 10 7 15 7, 14 3 3, 14 Ranunculaceae Juss. Aconitum birobidshanicum Vorosch. A. kamelinii Solovjev A. khanminthunii A.A. Solovjev & Shmakov A. nemorum Popov Callianthemum angustifolium Witasek Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth Manibazar, 2010 Solovjev, 1998; Gubanov, 1999 Olonova et al., 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Manibazar, 2010 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Kamelin et al., 2004 Ranunculus arschantynicus Kamelin, Schmakov et S. Smirnov R. polyanthemos L. R. pulchellus C.A. Mey. R. rigescens Turcz. ex Ovcz. R. sapozhnikovii Schegoleva Thalictrum isopyroides C.A. Mey. Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Grubov, 1982 Manibazar, 2010 Schegoleva, 2006 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 ? Th. minus subsp. appendiculatum (C.A. Mey.) Gubanov ?Th. minus subsp. kemense (Fries) Cajander Thalictrum schischkinii Friesen Trollius chinensis Bunge T. sajanensis Sipliv. Polygonaceae Lindl. Polygonum volchovense Tzvel. Caryophyllaceae Juss. Eremogone androsacea (Grubov) Ikonn. E. mongholica (Schischk.) Ikonn. Herniaria caucasica Rupr. Lychnis fulgens Fisch. 7 Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Ebel & Rudaya, 2002; Neuffer et al., 2012 6 14 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Tupitsyna, 2011 Olonova et al., 2013 Revushkin et al., 2001 V. epipsiloides A. Love & D. Love V. ircutiana Turcz. V. rudolfii V. Nikit. 7, 14 6 1-4, 6-10 14 7 Gureyeva & Balashova, 2011 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Neuffer et al., 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Manibazar, 2010; Vlasova, 2012 Lazkov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 S. jacquemontii Moq. Suaeda tschujensis Lomon. & Freitag Euphorbiaceae Juss. Euphorbia caesia Kar. & Kir. E. macrorrhiza C.A. Mey. Violaceae Batsch. Viola alexandrowiana (W. Becker) Juz. V. arvensis Murray V. disjuncta W. Becker 7 3 3 7 5 1 Neuffer et al., 2003 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Kamelin, 1998; Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Silene foliosa Maxim. S. intramongolica Lazkov S. quadriloba Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir. S. filicaulis Makino Stellaria martjanovii Krylov # Amaranthaceae Juss. (incl. Chenopodiaceae) Atriplex altaica Sukhor. Chenopodium gubanovii Sukhor. Halostachys caspica C.A. Mey. Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bunge Petrosimonia sibirica (Pall.) Bunge Salicornia altaica Lomon. Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad. ex Schult. 9 3, 13 6, 7 7 7 13 7 7 5 4, 12, 13 7 2 2, 3 7 7 14 14, 15 10, 14 14 7 Olonova et al., 2013 14 8, 13 7 Revushkin et al., 2001 Olonova et al., 2013 7 6, 7 Kamelin et al., 2011 Kamelin et al., 2011 Kamelin et al., 2011 Olonova et al., 2013 Kamelin et al., 2011 Kamelin et al., 2011 Kamelin et al., 2011 4 4 7 1, 2 2 4, 5 V. schauloi V. Nikit. V. tenuicornis subsp. trichosepala W. Becker Linaceae DC. ex Perleb Linum violascens Bunge Fabaceae Lindl. Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. ex Keller & Shap. Astragalus aksaicus Schischk. A. albertii Bunge A. arcuatus Kar. & Kir. A. chorinensis Bunge A. consanguineus Bong. A. grum-grshimailoi Palib. A. hamiensis S.B. Ho A. laxmannii Jacq. A. ochrias Bunge A. ortholobus Bunge A. oxyglottis Steven ex M. Bieb. Kamelin et al., 2011 Kamelin et al., 2011 2, 4 4 Olonova et al., 2013 7 A. roseus Ledeb. A. schrenkianus Fisch. & C.A. Mey. A. scleropodius Ledeb. A. tephrolobus Bunge A. tulinovii B. Fedtsch. A. xanthotrichus Ledeb. A. yumenensis S.B. Ho A. zacharensis Bunge Caragana davazamcii Sanchir Glycyrrhiza alaschanica Grankina G. gobica Grankina Olonova & Beket, 2010 Revushkin et al., 2001 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Grubov, 1982 Revushkin et al., 2001 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Grubov, 1982 Ulziykhutag, 2000 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Neuffer et al., 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Olonova et al., 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Sanchir, 1997, 1999 Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 G. soongorica Grankina Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Hedysarum austrosibiricum B. Fedtsch. H. chalchorum N. Ulziykh. H. consanguineum DC. H. gmelinii Ledeb Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Neuffer et al., 2003 Grubov, 1982; Ulziykhutag, 2003 H. iliense B. Fedtsch. H. linczevskyi Bajtenov H. theinum Krasnob. Lathyrus ledebourii Trautv L. sativus L. Lotus corniculatus L. Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. Oxytropis alpestris Schischk. O. glandulosa Turcz. O. latibracteata Jurtz. O. physocarpa Ledeb. O. sulphurea (DC.) Ledeb. O. teres DC. Thermopsis dahurica Czefr. Th. lanceolata var. glabra (Czefr.) Yakovlev Th. lanceolata var. lanceolata R. Br. Th. longicarpa N. Ulziykh. Vicia faba L. Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Ulziykhutag, 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Revushkin et al., 2001 Olonova et al., 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Darijmaa, 2009 ILDIS, 2013 Flora China Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 Ulziykhutag, 2003 A. peterae H.T. Tsai & T.T. Yu A. pseudoborodinii S.B. Ho 7 14, 15 7 10, 11 14 2, 3, 4 10 7 14 7, 10, 14 12, 14-16 7 7, 14 6, 10 14 7, 14 7 7 7 7 7 14, 15 9 15 12, 15 12, 13, 15, 16 2-4, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16 3, 6, 7 3, 4, 8 7 1-4, 6, 7, 10, 13 7 7, 13 7 7 4 4 2-4, 8 7 1, 3 3 7 7 7 2-5, 9, 12 9 1-4, 8 6, 10 4 V. nervata Sipliv. V. ramuliflora (Maxim.) Ohwi Rosaceae Juss. Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. Vlasova, 2012 Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009 1, 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 4, 5 Grubov, 1982 Comarum salesovianum (Stephan) Asch. & Graebn. Potentilla angustiloba T.T. Yu & C.L. Li P. conferta var. conferta Kuntze P. chamaeleo Sojak P. crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch P. gobica Sojak P. hubsugulica Sojak P. jenissejensis Polozh. et W. Smirn. P. junatovii Rudaya et A.L. Ebel P. nivea subsp. arenosa (Turcz.) Kuvaev P. strigosa Pall. ex Pursh P. subdigitata T.T. Yu & C.L. Li ? P. supina var. supina P. virgata var. pinnatifida (Lehm.) T.T. Yu & C.L. Li Rosa xanthina Lindl. Rubus chamaemorus L. Sibiraea laevigata (L.) Maxim. Rhamnaceae Juss. Rhamnus davurica Pall. Geraniaceae Juss. Geranium krylovii Tzvelev Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. Lythrum salicaria L. L. virgatum L. Grubov, 1982 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Sojak, 2006 Sojak, 1986 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Rudaya & Rbel, 2002 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Darijmaa et al., 2004 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013 Sanchir & Tserennadmid, 2000 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Olonova et al., 2013 2-4, 6-13, 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 1 6, 10 7 2, 4 12 7 4, 5 7 9 2 7 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 2, 4 Ivleva, 2012 2 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009; Oyuntsetseg et al., 2013 4 Doronkin et al., 2012 2 Grubov, 1982 Neuffer et al., 2012 Neuffer et al., 2012 Neuffer, 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 German, 2007 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Olonova et al., 2013 Grubov, 1982; Neuffer et al., 2003 Revushkin et al., 2001 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Olonova et al., 2013 German, 2005 Olonova et al., 2013 German, 2005 German, 2001 German, 2001 Kamelin & Uliykhutag, 2005 Grubov, 1982; Manibazar, 2010 3, 7 5 2, 4 7 5 6, 7 Onagraceae Juss. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Brassicaceae Burnett Alyssum linifolium Stephan ex Willd. Arabis amplexicaulis Edgew. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Capsella orientalis Klokov Dontostemon dentatus (Bunge) Ledeb. D. senilis subsp. gubanovii D.A. German Draba czuensis Revuschkin & A.L. Ebel D. lanceolata Royel D. stenocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson Erysimum ledebourii (C.A. Mey.) D.A. German E. mongolicum D.A. German E. quadrangulum (L'Her.) Desf. E. vassilczenkoi Polatschek Eutrema heterophyllum (W.W. Sm.) H. Hara Goldbachia pendula Botsch. Lepidium ruderale L. Revushkin et al., 2001 Ebel & Rudaya, 2002 Smirnov et al., 2003 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 L. songaricum Schrenk Litwinowia tenuissima (Pall.) Woronow ex Pavlov Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J. Leonard 8 6, 14 6, 7 1-7, 13 7 7 7 7 7, 14 7 7, 14 1-5, 7, 8, 11, 13 7 14 7, 14 Olimarabidopsis pumila (Stephan) Al-Shehbaz, O'Kane & R.A. Price Pachypterygium multicaule (Kar. & Kir.) Bunge Sisymbrium altissimum L. S. volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn. Sterigmostemum regeliorum R. Kamelin & D. German Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. Thymelaeaceae Juss. Diarthron altaicum (Pers.) Kit Tan # Nitrariaceae Lindl.(incl. Peganaceae) Peganum multisectum (Maxim.) Bobrov Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh. Androsace chamaejasme var. carinata (Torr.) R. Knuth A. septentrionalis var. breviscapa Krylov # Ericaceae Juss. (incl. Vacciniaceae, Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae, Monotropaceae) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Cassiope ericoides (Pall.) D. Don. 1834 Empetrum nigrum L. E. nigrum subsp. sibiricum (V.N. Vassil.) Kuvaev Pyrola minor L. Al-Shehbaz et al., 1999 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 German, 2010 Smirnov et al., 2003 Neuffer et al., 2012 2 Kamelin & German, 2001 Smirnov et al., 2003 14 14 Olonova et al., 2013 7 Amartuvshin, 2012 14, 15 14 2 4 1-3, 6, 7, 9 7, 14 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Grubov, 1982 Dulamsuren et al., 2004 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Boraginaceae Juss. Anoplocaryum tenellum A.L. Ebel et Rudaya Craniospermum subfloccosum Krylov C. subvillosum Lehm. Rudaya & Ebel, 2002 Olonova & Beket, 2010 Gubanov, 1999; Ebel & Rudaya, 2002; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Neuffer et al., 2003 Ebel & Rudaya, 2003 Grubov, 1982; Gubanov, 1999 Eritrichium kamelinii Ovczinnikova 1999 Lappula heterocantha (Ledeb.) Gurke L. tenuis (Ledeb.) Gurke L. tuvinica Ovczinnokova Mertensia pallasii (Ledeb.) G. Don M. tarbagataica B. Fedtsch. Myosotis austrosibirica O.D. Nikif. M. caespitosa Schultz M. scorpioides L. M. stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. Nonea rossica Steven Onosma setosa Ledeb. Gentianaceae Juss. Gentianella atrata Holub G. aurea (L.) Harry Sm. ex Hyl. # Apocynaceae Juss. (incl. Asclepiadaceae) Cynanchum bungei Decne. C. mongolicum (Maxim.) Kom. # Plantaginaceae Juss. (incl. genus Veronica from Scrophulariaceae) Plantago urvillei Opiz. Veronica pinnata subsp. nana Polozh. V. sajanensis Printz. V. sapozhnikovii Kossatschev 2 7 7 10, 14 7 7 14, 15 6 7 7 7, 13 Gubanov, 1999 Neuffer et al., 2003 Doronkin et al., 2012 Beket, 2009 2-5, 14 2 7 3 7 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 5 7 Grubov, 2000 Grubov, 2000 9 16 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 2 7 7 Neuffer et al., 2003 Kosachev, 2009; Olonova & Beket, 2010 9 2 4 1-4 1-4, 6, 7 7 9-10, V. schmakovii Kossaczev V. sessiliflora Bunge V. smirnovii Kossatschev Scrophulariaceae Juss. Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. Verbascum thapsus L. $ Phrymaceae Schauer (incl. two genera Dodartia, Lancea from Scrophulariaceae and new genus Mazus) Mazus stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim. Lamiaceae Martinov Dracocephalum nodulosum Rupr. D. olchonense Peschkova D. origanoides subsp. bungeanum (Schischk. & Serg.) A.L. Budantsev D. pinnatum L. Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin ex Proch. & Lebel Lagopsis darwiniana Pjak L. flava Kar. & Kir. Mentha aquatica L. Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. Scutellaria altaica Fisch. ex Sweet S. dependens Maxim. S. sieversii Bunge Thymus narymensis Serg. # Orobanchaceae Vent. (incl. genera Pedicularis, Rhinanthus from Scrophulariaceae) Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. Fedtsch. Cistanche feddeana K.S. Hao Euphrasia schischkinii Serg. Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge P. wlassowiana Steven Rhinanthus serotinus Oborny. Campanulaceae Juss. Campanula punctata Lam. Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl Achillea millefolium L. A. ptarmicoides Maxim. A. sergievskiana Schaulo et Schmakov Artemisia brachyphylla Kitam. A. dahurica (Turcz.) Poljakov A. eriopoda Bunge A. implicata Leonova A. rutifolia var. altaica (Krylov) Krasch. A. succulenta Ledeb. Crepis lyrata (L.) Froel. C. nana Richardson Erigeron altaicus Popov E. elongatus Ledeb. E. krylovii Serg. Galatella altaica Tzvelev G. angustissima (Tausch.) Nokopokr. G. hauptii (Ledeb.) Lindl. ex DC. 10 Kosachev, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Kosachev, 2009; Olonova & Beket, 2010 7 7 Smirnov et al., 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 10 4 Gubanov, 1999 5 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 14 4 Olonova et al., 2013 Hilbig & Jamsran, 1980 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 1989 Pyak et al., 2007 Pyak et al., 2007 Neuffer et al., 2012 Olonova et al., 2013 Kamelin & Darijmaa, 2002 Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 7 1, 6, 7, 13 6 7 7 7 4 6 7 2, 4 6, 7 7 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Grubov, 1982 Smirnov et al., 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Smirnov et al., 2003 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 2 13, 16 Grubov, 2001 9 Grubov, 1982; Ulziykhutag, 1985 Grubov, 1982; Neuffer et al., 2012 Shaulo & Shmakov, 2002 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Grubov, 1955 TICA, 2013 TICA, 2013 TICA, 2013 Neuffer et al., 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Oyumaa & Paula de Priest, 2011 Darijmaa, 2009 Grubov, 1982 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 1-4, 7 2, 4, 8-10 7 7 7 2 3, 14 5 4 16 16 7 7 7 1 7, 14 1-7, 13 3, 7 7, 14 1 7 Grubov, 2005 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Kamelin, 1998; Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005 Darijmaa, 2009 Beket, 2009 Neuffer et al., 2003 Olonova et al., 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Dariimaa, 2009 Grubov, 1982 Olonova et al., 2013 Smirnov et al., 2003 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Darijmaa, 2009 Beket, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Grubov, 1982; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Grubov, 1982; Sanchir et al., 2004 Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Heteropappus medius Tamamsch. Hieracium sershukense Uksip. Inula aspera Poir. I. japonica Thunb. Jurinea multiflora (L.) B. Fedtsch. Leontopodium palibinianum Beauverd Ligularia glauca O. Hoffm. L. hodgsonii Hook. L. mongolica (Turcz.) DC. L. thomsonii (C.B. Clarke) Pojark. Pyrethrum pulchellum Turcz. ex Ledeb. P. pyrethroides (Kar. & Kir.) B. Fedtsch. ex Krasch. Saussurea elata Ledeb. S. purpurata (Fisch. ex Herder) Lipsch. Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge S. pusilla Pall. Senecio veresczaginii Schischk. & Serg. Serratula cardunculus (Pall.) Schischk. S. kirghisorum Iljin Solidago virgaurea L. Tanacetum crassipes (Stschegl.) Tzvelev Taraxacum altaicum Schischk. T. armeriifolium Soest T. borealisinense Kitam. T. commixtiforme Soest Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Grubov, 1982; Sanchir et al., 2004 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Olonova et al., 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Darijmaa, 2009 Beket, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Ivanova, 2011 Darijmaa, 2009 Darijmaa, 2009 Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009 Neuffer et al., 2012 T. compactum Schischk. T. glaucanthum (Ledeb.) DC. T. kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin T. krasnoborovii Krasnikov. T. krylovii Krasnikov et V. Khan. T. linczevskyi Schischk T. minutilobum Popov ex Kovalevsk. T. mujense Petroch. T. pseudoatratum Orazova T. sangilense Krasnob. & Khanm. T. smirnovii Ivanova T. tuvinense Krasnob. & Krasnikov Tragopogon turkestanicus S.A. Nikit. ex Pavl. Turczaninowia fastigiata (Fisch.) DC. Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder Apiaceae Lindl. Angelica saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb. Bupleurum longiinvolucratum Krylov B. pusillum Krylov Ferula caspica M.Bieb. Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Adoxaceae E. Mey. (incl. Sambucus, Viburnum from Caprifoliaceae) Sambucus williamsii Hance # Caprifoliaceae Juss. (incl. Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae) Lonicera tatarica L. Patrinia heterophylla Bunge Valeriana officinalis L. 11 10 3-5, 8, 9 7 2, 3, 9 2 7, 14 2, 4, 5 7 5, 9 5 14 7 7 7 4 5, 9 14 7 2-5, 7 7 7 7 3, 6, 7 3-5, 7-14, 16 15 4, 8-10, 13, 14 1, 2 3, 4, 8 3 7 7 7 7 1, 2 6 1, 2 7 1 7 2, 4 9 Urgamal, 2012, 2013 Olonova et al., 2013 Urgamal, 2012, 2013 Urgamal, 2009, 2012, 2013 Gubanov, 1999; Urgamal, 2013 2 7 1-3, 6, 7, 13 7, 14 10 Grubov, 2002 5 Ochirbat, 2009 Grubov, 2001 Ulziykhutag, 1985; Grubov, 2001 4 9 Krestovskaja, 2001 1, 2, 3, 4 Grubov, 2001 16 * family name and placement by APG (LAPG) III system Valeriana tangutica Batalin Symbols: # - includes with another family ( + sister taxa); $ - modified with new name; ? –uncertain taxa; + - newaddedfamily to the flora. Table 4. The number of new records and total species for phyto-geographical regions in the Mongolian flora Phyto-geographical region name 1. Khubsugul mountain taiga 2. Khentei mountain taiga 3. Khangai forest steppe 4. Mongol Daurian forest steppe 5. Khingan mountain meadow steppe 6. Khobdo mountain semidesert steppe 7. Mongolian Altai mountain steppe 8. Middle Khalkha dry steppe 9. East Mongolian steppe 10. Depression of Great Lakes semidesert steppe 11. Valley of Lakes semidesert steppe 12. East Gobi semidesert steppe 13. Gobi Altai mountain semidesert steppe 14. Dzungarian Gobi desert 15. Transaltai Gobi desert 16. Alashan Gobi desert Number of new records 27 71 44 64 24 23 134 14 21 22 6 10 20 44 14 10 Total species of regions (at present) 1032 1229 1516 1281 831 978 1534 740 923 833 448 458 845 811 371 249 Table 5. The numbers of new species records to the families of the Mongolian flora Name of family Adoxaceae Amaranthaceae Amaryllidaceae Apiaceae Apocynaceae Asparagaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Campanulaceae Caprifoliaceae Caryophyllaceae Cyperaceae Cystopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Species numbers 1 9 4 5 2 3 58 15 25 1 4 9 8 1 1 Name of family Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae Linaceae Lythraceae Nitrariaceae Onagraceae Onocleaceae Orchidaceae Species numbers 5 2 52 2 1 7 1 13 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 Name of family Orobanchaceae Papaveraceae Phrymaceae Pinaceae Plantaginaceae Poaceae Polygonaceae Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Thymelaeaceae Violaceae Cultivated plants Total records: Species numbers 6 4 1 1 7 20 1 2 17 1 18 2 1 8 12 338 Table 6. The ten largest genera and families to the flora of Mongolia Family name 1. Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl Number of Genus name species 459 Astragalus L. 12 Number of species 132 2. Fabaceae Lindl. 3. Poaceae Barnhart 4. Rosaceae Juss. 5. Brassicaceae Burnett 6. Cyperaceae Juss. 7. Ranunculaceae Juss. 8. Lamiaceae Martinov 9. Amaranthaceae Juss. 10. Caryophyllaceae Juss. 354 258 157 155 132 132 101 100 92 Artemisia L. Oxytropis DC. Carex L. Potentilla L. Taraxacum F.H. Wigg. Allium L. Saussurea DC. Salix L. Pedicularis L. 102 98 92 70 54 52 51 43 36 Sinopteridaceae), Tofieldiaceae (incl. Tofieldia from Melanthiaceae), Xanthorrhoeaceae (incl. Hemerocallidaceae). The following 19 families now include other families or some genera, belonged to another families in the previous system: Lycopodiaceae (incl. Huperziaceae), Woodsiaceae (incl. Athyrium, Diplazium, Gymnospermum from Athyriaceae), Araceae (incl. Lemnaceae), Potamogetonaceae (incl. Zannichelliaceae), Melanthiaceae (incl. Trilliaceae), Asparagaceae (incl. Asphodelaceae, Convallariaceae), Typhaceae (incl. Sparganiaceae), Papaveraceae (incl. Fumariaceae, Hypecoaceae), Plumbaginaceae (incl. Limoniaceae), Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae), Celastraceae (incl. Parnassiaceae), Nitrariaceae (incl. Peganaceae), Ericaceae (incl. Vacciniaceae, Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae, Monotropaceae), Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepiadaceae), Plantaginaceae (incl. Callitrichaceae, Hippuridaceae), Lamiaceae (incl. Verbenaceae), Convolvulaceae (incl. Cuscutaceae), Adoxaceae (incl. Sambucus, Viburnum from Caprifoliaceae), Caprifoliaceae (incl. Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae). In some cases, one or few genera were replaced toother families: Acoraceae (incl. Acorus from Araceae), Adoxaceae (incl. Sambucus, Viburnum from Caprifoliaceae), Cleomaceae (incl. Cleoma from Capparaceae), Cystopteridaceae (incl. Cystopteris from Athyriaceae), Lamiaceae (incl. Caryopteris from Discussion and Conclusion Many recent studies have provided support for the APG (LAPG) III (2009) system, which was basically also adopted here. The following is a list of 33 taxa that occur in the Mongolian flora, but are not accepted by present system: Alliaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asphodelaceae, Aspidiaceae, Athyriaceae, Botrychiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convallariaceae, Cryptogrammaceae, Cuscutaceae, Dipsaceae, Empetraceae, Fumariaceae, Hemerocallidaceae, Hippuridaceae, Huperziaceae, Hypecoaceae, Hypolepidaceae, Lemnaceae, Limoniaceae, Monotropaceae, Najadaceae, Parnassiaceae, Peganaceae, Pyrolaceae, Sinopteridaceae, Sparganiaceae, Trilliaceae, Vacciniaceae, Valerianaceae, Verbenaceae, Zannichelliaceae. 14 families that were placed under a new name are: Acoraceae (incl. Acorus from Araceae), Amaryllidaceae (incl. Alliaceae), Cleomaceae (incl. Cleoma from Capparaceae), Cystopteridaceae (incl. Cystopteris from Athyriaceae), Dennstaedtiaceae (incl. Hypolepidaceae), Dryopteridaceae (incl. Aspidiaceae), Hydrocharitaceae (incl. Najadaceae), Claytonia from Montiaceae (incl. Portulacaceae), Ophioglossaceae (incl. 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Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 21: 51-55. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2013. Results of taxonomic investigation of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolian flora. Proc. of Int. Conf. Plant Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Continental Asia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 26-27, June: 69-71. W3 Tropicos. 2013. [Online Database]. World Checklist of Selected Plant (WCSP). 2013. [Online Database]. Yen, C. et al. 2009. Synopsis of Leymus L. Hochst. (Triticeae: Poaceae). J. Syst. Evol. 47:80. Summary M.,1 .,2 .2 1 ;2 urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn; oyuna@num.edu.mn; nyambayar@num.edu.mn ! 5 3053 , ”( 14 (APG III, 2009 113 690 , 2012). 1 (Onocleaceae), 17 39 ) 112 , “ 679 3100 (1996) , 338 407 , - . ), Poaceae (258 ), Rosaceae (157 ), Brassicaceae (155 ); 5 : Asteraceae (57 ), Fabaceae (52 ), Brassicaceae (25 ), Poaceae (20 ), Rosaceae (18 ) . : ! (134 ), " (71 ), # (64 ), " (44 ), $ % (44 ), " (27 ). 850 1260 . 572 (18.73%) (151 , 4.97%) (421 , 13.73%) . & ' (2013)- 135 ( ), # (2011)- 148 . : Asteraceae (459 " #"" " : ( ), Fabaceae (354 , , 18 , , Paper for Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences (2013) PLANTS OF THE FAMILY APIACEAE IN THE MONGOLIAN FLORA Magsar Urgamal1, Chinbat Sanchir1 1 Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn; sanchir@botany.mas.ac.mn Abstract Classification, distribution, ecology-geographical status and phylogenetic of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolian flora is revealed and their taxonomic position is revised. Key words: Apiaceae, classification system, taxonomic position, Mongolia Introduction In Mongolia, V.I. Grubov (1955) firstly registered 46 species, 26 genera in the family Apiaceae. Then, Ts. Jamsran et al (1972) reported to 14 species of 9 genera and D. Magsar & U. Ligaa (1977) to 6 species of 4 genera, in addition to previous and D. Magsar & U. Ligaa (1977) concluded the information and facts of classification, distribution, ecology and habitat on 53 species of 31 genera and V.I. Grubov (1982) on 55 species of 28 genera; N. Ulziykhutag (1984) on 65 species of 36 genera; D. Magsar et al (1986) on 58 species of 32 genera; and N. Ulziykhutag (1989) on 59 species of 30 genera. The reports confirmed that the family Apiaceae is one of bigger families in the Mongolian flora. Recently, researchers continue more detailed studies in this family. For example, I.A. Gubanov (1996) reported distribution on 66 species of 34 genera and M. Urgamal (2009 on 71 species of 35 species; N. Manibazar (2010) on 80 species of 41 genera; and M. Urgamal (2012, 2013) on 76 species of 39 genera. Mongolian researchers have been studying taxonomy of bigger genera. For example, the taxonomy of Angelica (Urgamal, 2006), Bupleurum (Urgamal, 2006; Urgamal & Sanchir, 2007, 2013), Cnidium (Urgamal, 2006, 2007), Ferula (Suran, 1996; Suran & Jamsran, 1997; Urgamal, 2000, 2001, 2009), Peucedanum (Magsar & Ligaa, 1977; Urgamal, 2008, 2009), Saposhnikovia (Urgamal, 2006), Seseli (Urgamal, 2004, 2009, 2012) has reported. Recently, researchers consider to phylogeny of the family Apiaceae, based on molecular analysis (Plunkett & Downie, 1999; Plunkett, 2001; Calvino C. & Downie S.R. 2007; Carolina I. et al. 2007; Downie et al., 1998, 2000, 2001, 2010; Urgamal, 2013). Materials and Methods The family Apiaceae specimens from the Herbarium (UBA) of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Herbarium (UBU) of the National University of Mongolia, Herbarium (PE) of the Institute of Botany, Chinense Academy of Sciences, Herbarium (LE) Institute of Botany, Russian Academy of Sciences, Herbarium of the Tracy`s of Texas University A&M (USA) and as well as additional data, were used for the study. In a total, over 2800 sheets of specimens collected from numerous scientists during a period from between 1867 to 2011. This study was conducted using morphology, ecology and geographical traditional methods of plant systematics. The nomenclature and taxonomy based followed works of M.G. Pimenov & M.V. Leonov (1993), V.M. Vinogradova (1994), She Menglan et al. (2005), S.R. Downie et al. (1998, 2010) and classification websites and taxomonical databases of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III, 2009), Angiosperm Phylogeny Web (APWeb, version 12), World Checklist of Selected Plant (WCSP, 2012), International Plant Names Index (IPNI, 2012), W3 Tropicos (2012). Mongolian names of taxon by H. Ulzijkhutag (1984) were referred. The geographical analysis was carried according to V.I. Grubov (1959, 1963), A. Takhtajan (1978) and geographical distribution data of all species of family Apiaceae in botanical-geographical regionalization of the Mongolia developed by V.I. Grubov (1982). In distribution section, following description of each species, numbers are given for respective regions where species occurs (Figure 2). The ecological analysis mainly followed C. Raunkiaer (1907), I.G. Serebryakov (1964), N. Ulziikhutag (1989); endemism and conservation status were made according to V.I Grubov (1984), V.M. Vinogradova (1994), including Mongolian laws (Law of Natural Plants, 1995), Mongolian Red Book (1987, 1997) and Mongolian Plant Red List (2012). The habitat of each species is provided in details, mainly as referred in V.I. Grubov (1982). Results Taxonomy and classification system Up to date, we have officially registered 76 species belonging to 39 genera, 6 subtribes, 12 tribes (4 clades) and 2 subfamilies (Saniculoideae and Apioideae) belonging to the family Apiaceae that occur in Mongolian flora. From I.A. Gubanov works (1996), 7 genus (Anethum L., Apium L., Coriandrum L., Daucus L., Foeniculum Mill., Pastinaca L., Petroselinum Hill) and 11 species (Anethum graveolens L., Angelica saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb., Apium graveolens L., Bupleurum pusillum Krylov, Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus carota L., Ferula caspica M. Bieb., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Pastinaca sativa L., Petroselinum crispum Hill) were newly added, and 1 species (Ferula gracilis) was excluded. In addition to that two genus (Kadenia, Kitagawia) and three species (Kadenia salina, Kitagawia baicalensis, K. terebinthacea) level is new a combination. We updated classification system (by Downie et al., 2010) of the family Apiaceae in Mongolia and changed its system orders of tribes and genera (Table 1). Table 1. Classification system of the family Apiaceae in Mongolian flora (by Downie et al., 2010) Subfamilies 1. Saniculoideae Burnett 1835 2. Apioideae Seem. 1866 Tribes and clades 1. Saniculeae W.D.J. Koch 1824 2. Bupleureae Spreng. 1820 3. Pleurospermeae M.F. Watson & S.R. Downie 2000 Physospermopsis Clade 4. Scandiceae Spreng. 1820 5. Oenantheae Dumort. 1827 Cachrys Clade 6. Coriandreae W.D.J. Koch 1824 7. Pyramidoptereae Boissier 1872 8. Careae Baill. 1879 9. Pimpinelleae Spreng. 1820 10. Apieae Takht. ex V.M. Vinogr. 2004 Acronem Clade Sinodielsia Clade 11. Selineae Spreng. 1820 Subtribes 1. Saniculinae Coss. & Germ. 1845 Gen./Sp. 1/1 1/8 2/2 2. Scandicinae Tausch 1834 3. Daucinae Dumort. 1827 4. Ferulinae Drude 1897 5. Coriandrinae Tausch 1834 1/1 2/2 1/1 1/7 3/4 1/1 1/1 2/2 2/3 1/1 4/4 1/1 3/5 10/29 2 subfamilies 12. Tordylieae W.D.J. Koch 1824 12 tribe, 4 clade 6. Tordyliinae Drude 1897 6 subtribe 2/3 39/76 Identification keys for all levels of subfamilies, tribes, subtribes, genera and species, conspectus of all taxa are given. Geographical analysis The geographic ranges of all species of family Apiaceae of Mongolia lie within the limits of the Holarctic Kingdom. Based on the distribution data and types of each species are distinguished and 12 grouped (Table 2). The Holarctic 5 species, Eurasian 12 species, Asian-Northern Americian 1 species, Asian 51 species. In the Asian types belong to following subtypes are original Asian 9 species, Eastern Asian 7 species, Central Asia 8 species and Siberian-Mongolian 7 species, Mongolian 20 species. In the Mongolian subtypes belong to Altay-Dzungarian-Mongolian 6 species, Mongolian-DaurianManchurian 1 species and Southern Siberian-Mongolian 13 species groups comprises. Table 2. Classification of geographical ranges of the family Apiaceae in Mongolia Geographical types A. Multicontinential 1. Holarctic 2. urasian 3. sian – Northern American . Continential 4. Asian Subtypes and groups 4.1 Original Asia 4.2 Eastern Asia 4.3 Siberian - Mongolian 4.4 Central Asian 4.5 Mongolian (dominate) 4.5.1 Southern Siberian - Mongolian 4.5.2 Mongolian Daurian - Manchuur 4.5.3 Altay - Dzungarian - Mongolian Species 18 5 12 1 Precent 26.09 7.25 17.39 1.45 51 9 7 7 8 20 13 1 6 73.91 13.04 10.14 10.14 11.59 28.98 18.84 1.45 8.70 The family Apiaceae species have been found in all botanical-geographical regions (16) in Mongolia, among them, Mongolian Altain mountain steppe (44 species) region has the highest, and Alashan Gobi desert region (3 species) lowest species diversity (Figure 2). Figure 1. Botanical-geographical regions of the Mongolia (by Grubov, 1982) Figure 2. Number species distribution of the family Apiaceae by botanical-geographical regions of the Mongolia Among the species, Cicuta virosa (15 regions), Bupleurum bicaule (13 regions) and Carum carvi, Sphallerocarpus gracilis, Peucedanum falcaria (12 regions) are the most widespread species in the territory of Mongolia (Table 2). Also, we found new 30 distribution area of 24 species belonging to 14 genera in 15 phytogeographical regions of the Mongolia (Urgamal, 2009, 2013). Table 2. List of species and distribution data of the family Apiaceae of the Mongolia Species latin name 1. Eryngium planum L. 1753 2. Bupleurum aureum Fisch. ex Hoffm. 1814 3. B. multinerve DC. 1828 4. B. mongolicum V.M. Vinogr. 1985 5. B. sibiricum Vest ex Roem. & Schultes 1820 6. B. bicaule Helm 1809 + 7. B. pusillum Krylov 1903 8. B. krylovianum Schischk. ex Krylov 1935 9. B. scorzonerifolium Willd. 1809 10. Pleurospermum uralense Hoffm. 1814 11. Aulacospermum anomalum Ledeb. 1833 12. Hansenia mongholica Turcz. 1844 13. Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Besser ex Trevir.) Koso-Pol. 1829 14. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. 1814 + 15. Daucus carota L. 1753 16. Ferula potaninii Korovin ex Pavlov 1935 17. F. bungeana Kitag. 1956 18. F. dissecta (Ledeb.) Ledeb. 1844 19. F. mongolica (V.M. Vinogr. & Kamelin) V.M. Vinogr. & R. Kamelin 1990 20. F. ferulioides (Steud.) Korovin 1947 + 21. F. caspica M. Bieb. 1808 22. F. dubjanskyi Korovin ex Pavlov 1934 23. Cicuta virosa L. 1753 Botanical-geographical regions 4 7 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7+, 9+ 7, 13, 14 2, 3, 4, 5, 8+, 9+ 1-13 1+, 2+, 3+, 6+, 7+, 13+ 3+, 7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 7 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 cultivated plant 14 5+, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 3, 6+, 7, 10+, 14+ 3, 7, 10, 14, 15 7 7+, 14+ 7, 14 1+, 2-15 Species latin name 24. Sium suave Walter 1788 25. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. 1798 + 26. Oe. javanica (Blume) DC. 1830 27. Prangos ledebourii Herrnst. & Heyn 1977 + 28. Coriandrum sativum L. 1753 29. Bunium setaceum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) H. Wolff, 1927 30. Schulzia crinita (Pall.) Spreng. 1813 31. Carum carvi L. 1753 32. C. buriaticum Turcz. 1844 33. Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. 1829 34. Pimpinella thellungiana H. Wolff 1927 + 35. Apium graveolens L. 1753 + 36. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill 1925 + 37. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 1768 + 38. Anethum graveolens L. 1753 39. Pachypleurum alpinum Ledeb. 1829 40. Lithosciadium multicaule Turcz. 1844 41. L. kamelinii (V.M. Vinogr.) Pimenov ex Gubanov 1996 42. Cenolophium denudatum (Fish. & Hornem.) Tutin 1967 43. Conioselinum longifolium Turcz. 1844 44. C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. 1926 45. Sajanella monstrosa (Willd.) Sojak 1980 46. Stenocoelium athamantoides (M. Bieb.) Ledeb. 1829 47. Seseli glabratum Willd. ex Spreng. 1820 48. S. eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch. 1915 49. S. abolinii (Korovin) Schischk. 1950 50. S. buchtormense ( Fisch.) W.D.J. Koch, 1824 51. S. condensatum (L.) Rchb. f. 1867 52. S. grubovii V.M. Vinogr. & Sanczir 1985 53. S. mucronatum (Schrenk) Pimenov & Sdobnina 1973 54. S. seseloides (Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Turcz.) Hiroe 1958 55. Cnidium dauricum (Jacq.) Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1835 # 56. C. salinum Turcz. 1844 57. C. monnieri (L.) Cusson 1782 58. Paraligusticum discolor (Ledeb.) V.N. Tichom. 1973 59. Angelica czernaevia (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kitag. 1936 60. A. sylvestris L., 1753 61. A. dahurica ( Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. & J. D. Hook. ex Franch.& Sav. 1873 62. A. archangelica subsp. decurrens (Ledeb.) Kuvaev, 1981 + 63. A. saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb. 1844 64. A. tenuifolia (Pall. ex Spreng.) Pimenov 1985 65. Ferulopsis hystrix (Bunge ex Ledeb.) Pimenov, 1991 66. Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Stephan ex Spreng.) Koso-Pol. 1922 67. Ph. villosus (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Turcz. ex Ledeb. 1844 # 68. Peucedanum terebinthaceum (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Ledeb. 1844 # 69. P. baicalense (Redowsky ex Willd.) W.D.J. Koch 1824 70. P. falcaria Turcz. 1832 71. P. vaginatum Ledeb. 1829 72. P. puberulum (Turcz.) Schischk. 1951 73. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. 1951 + 74. Pastinaca sativa L. 1753 75. Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. 1829 76. H. sibiricum L. 1753 Botanical-geographical regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9+, 10, 14+ 10 10+ 7, 14 cultivated plant 6, 7 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 1+, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7-10, 13, 14, 16+ 1+, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 4, 5, 9 cultivated plant cultivated plant cultivated plant cultivated plant 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14+ 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13 7 3, 7, 10, 14 1, 2+, 4+, 7+, 9, 10 1, 2, 3, 4 2 6, 7 7 7, 13, 14 7, 10, 11+, 13 7, 14 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14+ 7, 13, 14, 15 14 1+, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9+ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 4, 9 7 5, 9 6, 7+ 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 1, 2, 3, 4+, 6, 7, 14 2+ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13+ 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9+, 10, 11, 13, 15 1, 2, 3, 4, 7+, 8, 9, 13+ 1, 2, 3, 6 2, 4, 5, 9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7+, 8, 10 1+, 3, 4+, 6-8, 10, 11, 13-15, 16+ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8+, 11+, 13+ 2, 3, 6, 8, 13 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8+, 9 cultivated plant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11+, 13 1+, 2+, 3, 9, 13 + newly added species and new distribution region of since Gubanov`s (1996) conspectus # new combination name species and genus of since Gubanov`s (1996) conspectus Lifeform and Ecological analysis Mongolian Apiaceae family members are mostly perennials (84.21%), annual 4 species (5.26%) and binual 8 species (10.52%) according to the Serebryakov’s (1964) plant lifeform classification and hemicryptophytes according to Raunkiaer’s (1907) classification. The family Apiaceae is distributed in all climatic zones of Mongolia. We classified all species of this family into 11 ecological groups (Figure 3), according to their each species habitat peculiarities. Basing on the predominant occurrence of the plants (collections database), following ecological groups were distinguished: xerophytes (8 species), mesoxerophytes (7 species), xeromesophytes (7 species), mesophytes (21 species), mesohalophytes (2 species), hydrophytes (2 species), mesokryophytes (7 species), hygrophytes (2 species), xeropetrophytes (9 species), xero-psammophyes (3 species) and hygro-halophytes (1 species). Endemism and Conservation status Therefore, there are 8 species of subendemic plants and divided into following two groups of subendemic plants (Figure 4, Table 4). Very rare 4 species (newly added 2 Hygrohalophyta 1.45% Hygrophyta 2.90% Hydrophyta 2.90% Xerophyta 11.59% Xeropetrophyta 13.04% Mesophyta 30.43% Xeropsammophyta 4.35% Xeromesophyta 10.14% Mesokryophyta 10.14% Mesohalophyta 2.90% Mesoxerophyta 10.14% species) and rare plant 13 species (newly added 5 species) of the family Apiaceae in Mongolian flora (Table 5). Figure 3. Percent of ecological group species of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolia Table 4. Subendemic species of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolia Subendemic two groups 1. Dzungarian – Mongolian subendemic 2. Southern Siberian – Mongolian subendemic Species list 1. Bupleurum mongolicum 2. Ferula bungeana 3. F. mongolica 4. Lithosciadium kamelinii 5. Seseli grubovii 1. Ferulopsis hystrix 2. Hansenia mongholica 3. Peucedanum puberulum Sources N. Ulziikhutag, 1989 V.I. Grubov, 1984 V.M. Vinogradova, 1994 V.M. Vinogradova, 1994 V.M. Vinogradova, 1994 V.I. Grubov, 1984 E. Ganbold, 2010 I.A. Gubanov, 1982 Table 5. Rare and very rare species of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolia Conservation status Rare plants 1. Stream from foreign plant 2. Distant place of centre areas 3. Not widespread in only our country Species list Sources 1. Eryngium planum Law of Natural Plants (1995) 2. Prangos ledebourii* 3. Seseli glabratum* 4. S. mucronatum* 5. Aulacospermum anomalum 6. Bunium setaceum 7. Cenolophium denudatum 8. Oenanthe aquatica 9. Oe. javanica 10. Paraligusticum discolor* M. Urgamal, 2009 M. Urgamal, 2013 M. Urgamal, 2013 Law of Natural Plants (1995) Law of Natural Plants (1995) Law of Natural Plants (1995) Law of Natural Plants (1995) Law of Natural Plants (1995) M. Urgamal, 2013 11. Peucedanum terebinthaceum 12. Sajanella monstrosa* 13. Seseli eriocarpum 1. Ferula feruloides Very rare plants 2. F. potaninii* 3. Lithosciadium kamelinii* 4. Stenocoelium athamantoides Law of Natural Plants (1995) M. Urgamal, 2009 Law of Natural Plants (1995) Law of Natural Plants (1995), Mongolian Red Book (1987, 1997), Mongolian Plant Red List (2012) M. Urgamal, 2013 M. Urgamal, 2013 Law of Natural Plants (1995), Mongolian Red Book (1987, 1997), Mongolian Plant Red List (2012) * - newly add (Urgamal, 2009, 2013) to the list of rare and very rare plants (by criteria of Mongolian Red book and Law of Natural Plants) in Mongolia Sinodielsia Clade 100 Selineae tribe 100 Apieae tribe 60 80 Coriandreae tribe Apiaceae family Cachrys Clade Apioideae subfamily Tordylieae tribe Euapioids 40 60 Apioid Superclade Phylogenetic analysis For the first time in Mongolia, we have carried out phylogenetic analysis of tribes (Figure 5) and all genera of the family Apiaceae in Mongolian flora. Pimpinelleae tribe 100 Careae tribe 100 100 100 Pyramidoptereae tribe Scandiceae tribe 100 100 Oenantheae tribe Physospermopsis Clade 100 Pleurospermeae tribe Bupleureae tribe (Basal apioides) Saniculoideae subfamily (Eryngium; Protoapioids) Araliaceae family (Aralia chinensis) Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of tribes of the family Apiaceae in Mongolian flora Discussion We updated classification system (by Downie et al., 2010) of the family Apiaceae in Mongolia and changed its system orders of tribes and all genera. The species composition of the family Apiaceae in the flora of Mongolia is revealed and their taxonomic position is revised. Identification keys for the all in level of subfamilies, tribes, subtribes, genera and species, conspectus of all taxa are given. Morphological features, which previous researchers described, fit and can be used for identifying the genera and species. Among the ecological-geographical groups, the highest number of species occurs in forest-steppe and steppe natural zones in Mongolia. Mesophytes and xero-mesophytes are dominating ecological groups. According to the geographical analysis, species of Asian type and South Siberian-Mongolian groups considered as a richest area in Apiaceae species as about 73.91% of total species occur in these regions and distribution dominate in the flora of Mongolia. Therefore, we found and added very rare 2 species (Ferula potaninii, Lithosciadium kamelinii), rare 5 species (Paraligusticum discolor, Prangos ledebourii, Sajanella monstrosa, Seseli glabratum, S. mucronatum) from the Mongolian flora. It must be integrated both morphological and molecular data in the future analysis of higher level relationships in family Apiaceae. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Prof. E. Ganbold (Institute of Botany, MAS), Prof. Sh. Dariimaa (Mongolian State University of Education) and doctor (Ph.D) B. 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[Key for determination of the family Celery Umbelliferae Juss. or Apiaceae Lindl. in Mongolia]. – Ulaanbaatar, Jinst-Khargana: 112pp. (in Mongolian, only key in English). Urgamal, . 2004. Mongol orny Unert-nogoo - Seseli L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) turliin urgamliin zyil tanikh tulkhuur. [Key to the species of genus Seseli L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia]. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 15: 58-65. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, . 2006. Mongol orny Berish - Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) turliin urgamliin zyil tanikh tulkhuur. [Key to the species of genus Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia]. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 49-51. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2006. Description of species Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 51-55. Urgamal, M. 2006. Taxanomy of the Genus Angelica L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 55-58. Urgamal, M. 2006. Taxanomy of the Genus Cnidium Cusson ex Juss. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences. vol. 4 (1): 63-66. Urgamal, M. 2007. Taxanomy of the Genus Cnidium Cusson ex Juss. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 17: 58-62. Urgamal, M., Sanchir, Ch., Zhang Ming-Li. 2007. Classification and distribution of Bupleurum L. (Umbeliferae Juss.) in Mongolia //Bull. of Botanical Research, CHINA, vol. 27, 1/1: 2024. Urgamal, . 2008. Mongol orny Javiin turliin urgamal. [Genus of the Peucedanum L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 20: 23-29. Urgamal, M. 2009. Flora of Mongolia. vol. 10 (Apiaceae-Cornaceae). Ulaanbaatar, "Bembi san", 130pp. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2012. Taxonomy of the family Carrot (Apiaceae Lindley 1836) in Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen Der Mongolei. Absracts International Symposium ”Biodiversity of Research in Mongolia” Halle (Saale), Germany; March, 2012. 25-29. Urgamal, M. 2013. Plant of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolian flora. Dissertation of the doctor degree of Biologcal Sciences. Ulaanbaatar.: 132pp. (in Mongolian). Vinogradova, V.M. 1994. Plantae Asie Centralis. (Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Cornaceae) – Sankt.-Petersburg, . 10: 41-42. (in Russian). W3 Tropicos. 2013. [Online Database]. Missouri Botanical Garden. MOBOT. http://www.tropicos.org/. (Last updated: March, 2013). World Checklist of Selected Plant (WCSP). 2013. [Online Database]. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (Last updated: Apr., 2013). 7 2 39 , ! # % kamelinii), 3 & $ 76 , "$# , 11 ,1 12 (4 clade), 6 , . , ", # - . 2 (Ferula potaninii, Lithosciadium (Paraligusticum discolor, Seseli glabratum, S. mucronatum) . $ $ # ' , $ ) . $# ' $ $ # .( CONTRIBUTION OF PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILY APIACEAE IN THE MONGOLIAN FLORA Urgamal M. Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn Abstract Family Apiaceae consists of 74 species and 37 genera, 6 sub-tribes, 12 tribes (4 clades) and 2 sub-families (Saniculoideae and Apioideae) disjunctly distributed in the Mongolian flora. As determined by extensive molecular studies and critical evaluation of morphology, the 32 genera of the family Mongolian Apiaceae. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted to clarify inter and intraspecific relationships based on sequences of the ITS and 5.8S regions of nrDNA and cpDNA (by Downie et al., 1998, 2001). We updated classification system (by Downie et al., 2010) of the family Apiaceae in Mongolia and changed its system orders, phylogenetic placement tribes and some genus. Our analyses of these molecular data, in conjunction with results of identified 12 tribes (4 clades) in Mongolian Apiaceae at the tribal rank (Urgamal, 2013). First time phylogenetic classification of Apiaceae inferred from DNA sequence data in the Mongolian flora. Keywords: Apiaceae, tribe, nrDNA & cpDNA ITS, phylogenetic placement Recently research works for phylogenetic classification of the family Apiaceae was based on taxonomic congruence among the results of phylogenetic analyses of different molecular data sets, including chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) gene (rbcL, matK) and intron (rpl16, rps16, rpoC1) sequences, cpDNA restriction sites, and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer ITS region (ITS 1, 5.8S, and ITS 2) sequences. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1, 5.8S, and ITS 2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) have been a staple source of data for the study of lower level phylogenetic relationships among plant taxa for more than ten years (e.g., Baldwin, 1992; Baldwin et al., 1995). We investigated the utility of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and compare the results to those obtained from the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). We report that the a higher percentage of parsimony informative characters than that of ITS and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) loci examined to date. Materials and Methods Our materials including nrDNA ITS region markers is following accessions: Aegopodium kashmiricum (AF077872), Anethum graveolens (GQ148794), Angelica dahurica (JN603214), Anthriscus sylvestris (EU236159), Apium graveolens (GQ148789), Aralia chinensis (AF242256), Aulacospermum simplex (GQ379338), Bunium capillifolium (GQ379304), Bupleurum scorzonerifolium (EU001347), Carum carvi (AF077878), Cenolophium denudatum (AF077879), Cicuta virosa (AY524767), Cnidium monnieri (AY863065), Conioselinum vaginatum (FJ385041), Coriandrum sativum (HQ377194), Daucus carota (FJ415158), Eryngium planum (EU169002), Ferula dissecta (DQ379394), Ferulopsis hystrix (EU169271), Foeniculum vulgare (GQ148793), Hansenia mongholica (JF694084), Heracleum dissectum (EU185691), Oenanthe aquatica (AY691928), Paraligusticum discolor (AF077902), Pastinaca sativa (EU169305), Petroselinum crispum (GQ148797), Peucedanum terebinthaceum (JN603232), Pimpinella saxifraga (AY581801), Pleurospermum prattii (DQ270204), Prangos pabularia (AF077906), Saposhnikovia divaricata (EU592001), Schulzia albiflora (FJ385059), Seseli praecox (AY179024), Sium suave (DQ005693) and following accessions of cpDNA C1 (rpoC1): Aegopodium alpestre (U72434), Angelica dahurica (GQ248886), Aralia californica (U72480), Bupleurum chinense (U72455), Carum carvi (U72435), Cicuta virosa (U72447), Conioselinum chinense (U72452), Daucus carota (HQ593968), Ferula assafoetida (U72421), Foeniculum vulgare (GQ436171), Oenanthe pimpinelloides (U72442), Peucedanum morisonii (U72414), Pimpinella rhodantha (U72429), Prangos pabularia (U72431), Sanicula canadensis (U72461), Seseli krylovii (U72419), Sium suave (HQ594137). The molecular analysis included 32 species of nuclear and 29 species chloroplast DNA sequences, representing Results We updated classification system (by Downie et al., 2010) of the family Apiaceae in Mongolia and changed its system orders, tribes and phylogenetic genus placement of tribes and genus. Our analyses of these molecular data, in conjunction with results of identified 12 tribes (4 clades) in Mongolian Apiaceae at the tribal rank (Figure 1). Conclussion Aside from providing a framework for taxonomic revisions, the phylogenetic structure recovered in this study for subfamily Apioideae will lay the foundation for future investigations of evolutionary patterns of morphological characters and biogeography. An nrDNA 32 genera from the 12 tribes and 2 subfamilies of the family Mongolian Apiaceae and Araliaceae species is used as a outgroup taxa. Sequences of nuclear (nrDNA ITS region) and chloroplast (cpDNA rpoC1) from the published study (Downie et al., 1998, 2001) are analyzed using MEGA 5.05 software. The methodology for the alignment of nrDNA ITS region and cpDNA study data, either complete ITS 1 and ITS 2 nuclear ribosomal DNA region sequences were used. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using Maximum Parsimony in MEGA version 5.05 software of partitioned ITS data sets resulted in highly consistent phylogenies, whereas analyses of combined molecular data resulted in trees of greatest resolution and overall branch support. Bootstrap values, however, were calculated for 1000 replicate analyses; decay values were also obtained. The resultant maximally parsimonious trees, were rooted with Aralia (Araliaceae - outgroup), having all of it`s states scored as “0”. Up to date, we have officially registered 74 species belonging to 37 genera, 6 sub-tribes, 12 tribes (4 clades) and 2 sub-families (Saniculoideae and Apioideae) belonging to the family Apiaceae that occur in the Mongolian flora (Figure 2). ITS-based classification of the subfamily is proposed that enables direct and precise references to specific groups and facilitates sampling and hypothesis testing in future systematic studies of family Mongolian Apiaceae. site and DNA sequence data. – Amer. J. Bot. 86: 1014-1026. Plunkett, G.M. 2001. Relationship of order Apiales to subclass Asteridae: A re-evaluation of morphological characters based on from molecular data. - Edinburgh J. Bot. 8: 183-200. She, Menglan, Fading, Pu., Zehui, Pan., Watson, M.F., Cannon, F.M., Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Kljukov, E.V., Phillippe, L.R. & Pimenov, M.G. 2005. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Flora of China, tomus 14. Urgamal, M. 2009. Flora of Mongolia. vol. 10, (Apiaceae-Cornaceae). – Ulaanbaatar, "Bembi san", 130pp. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2012. Taxonomy of the family Carrot (Apiaceae Lindley 1836) in Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen Der Mongolei. – Absracts Int.l Symp. ”Biodiversity of Research in Mongolia” Halle (Saale), Germany; 25-29, March 2012: 39. Urgamal, M. 2013. Plants of the family Umbelliferae Juss. of Mongolia. – Thesis of Ph.D. – Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2013. Results of taxonomic investigation of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolian flora. – Proc. of Int. Conf. Plant Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Continental Asia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 26-27, June: 69-71. Vinogradova, V.M. 1994. Plantae Asie Centralis. (Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Cornaceae) – Sankt.-Petersburg, . 10: 41-42. (in Russian). References Downie, S.R., Ramanath, S., Katzdownie, D.S. & Llanas, E. 1998. Molecular systematics of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and plastid rpoC1 intron sequences. – Amer. J. of Bot. 85(4): 563–591 Downie, S.R., Katz-Downie, D.S. & Watson, M.F. 2000. A phylogeny of the flowering plant family Apiaceae based on morphological and chloroplast rpl16 and rpoC1 sequences: Towards a generic classification of subfamily Apioideae. – Amer. J. Bot. 87: 273-292. Downie, S.R., Plunkett, G.M., Watson, M.F., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie, D.S., ValiejoRoman, S.M., Terentieva, E.I., Troitsky, A.V., Lee, A.-Y., Lahham, J. & El-Oqlah, A. 2001. Tribes and clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: the contribution of molecular data. Edinburgh J. Bot. 58(2): 301-330. Downie, S.R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie D.S. & J.-P. Reduron. 2010. Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. – Pl. Diversity and Evol. (formerly Botanische Jahrb.) 128: 111-136. Pimenov, M.G. & Leonov, M.V. 1993. The genera of the Umbelliferae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Plunkett, G.M. & Downie, S.R. 1999. Major lineages within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: a comparison of chloroplast restriction . urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn 2 74 15 12 ; 32 (ITS and 5.8S (ITS and 5.8S regions of cpDNA) (Downie et al., 1998, 2001) (! , 2013) , (Downie et al., 2010)– . Keywords: Apiaceae, 37 15 regions of nrDNA) $ (4 clade), 6 . , , # ,# " BRIEF CONSPECTUS OF THE FAMILY APIACEAE TO THE FLORA OF MONGOLIA Urgamal M. Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn Abstract This is a revision of the taxonomic composition of the Mongolian Apiaceae family, at present that 74 species and 37 genera, 6 subtribes, 12 tribes (4 clades) belonging to 2 subfamilies (Saniculoideae and Apioideae) to the flora of Mongolia. The 9 species and 4 genera have been added and 11 new combinations on the species level have been made since Gubanov`s conspectus (1996). The most number of additions made to the following genera: Libanotis (6 species), Bupleurum (2 species). The species composition of the family Apiaceae in the flora of Mongolia is revealed and their taxonomic position is revised. The replaced new classification system (by Downie et al., 2010), in level tribes and all genus new system placement of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolia. Keywords: Apiaceae, conspectus, new species, new combination, Mongolia of 9 genera and Magsar & Ligaa (1977) to 6 species of 4 genera, in addition to previous concluded the information of taxonomy, distribution and ecology on the 53 species of 31 genera (Table 1). The family Apiaceae is one of largest families in the flora of Mongolia. Grubov (1955) firstly registered 46 species, 26 genera in the family Apiaceae. Jamsran et al. (1972) reported to 14 species Table 1. History of the family Apiaceae species number to the flora of Mongolia Sources and references Genus Species Grubov, V.I. (1955) 46 26 31 Magsar, D. & Ligaa, U. (1977) 53 28 Grubov, V.I. (1982) 55 36 Ulziykhutag, N. (1984) 65 32 Magsar, D., Sanchir, Ch. & Shreter, I.A. (1986) 58 30 Ulziykhutag, N. (1989) 59 34 Gubanov, I.A. (1996) 66 35 Urgamal, M. (2004, 2009) 71 41 Manibazar, N. (2010) 80 39 Urgamal, M. (2012, 2013) 76 37 At present (on this paper) 74 2009), Saposhnikovia (Urgamal, 2006), Seseli (Urgamal, 2004, 2009, 2012) has reported. Recently, researchers consider to phylogeny of the family Apiaceae, based on molecular analysis (Plunkett & Downie, 1999; Plunkett, 2001; Calvino C. & Downie S.R. 2007; Carolina I. et al. 2007; Downie et al., 1998, 2000, 2001, 2010; Urgamal, 2013). Mongolian researchers have been studying taxonomy of largest genera. For example, the taxonomy of genus Angelica (Urgamal, 2006), Bupleurum (Urgamal, 2006; Urgamal & Sanchir, 2007, 2013), Cnidium (Urgamal, 2006, 2007), Ferula (Suran, 1996; Suran & Jamsran, 1997; Urgamal, 2000, 2001, 2009), Peucedanum (Magsar & Ligaa, 1977; Urgamal, 2008, 1 Materials and Methods The family Apiaceae specimens from the Herbarium (UBA) of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Herbarium (UBU) of the National University of Mongolia, Herbarium (PE) of the Institute of Botany, Chinense Academy of Sciences, Herbarium (LE) Institute of Botany, Russian Academy of Sciences, Herbarium of the Tracy`s of Texas University A&M (USA) and as well as additional data, were used for the study. In a total, over 2800 sheets of specimens collected from numerous scientists during a period from between 1867 to 2011. The nomenclature and taxonomy based followed works of Pimenov & Leonov (1993), Vinogradova (1994), Menglan et al. (2005), Downie et al. (2010) and following professional taxonomic databases and websites: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III, 2009), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APWeb, version 13. 2013), World Checklist of Selected Plant (WCSP, 2013), International Plant Names Index (IPNI, 2013) and W3 Tropicos (2013). The geographical distribution data was carried in phyto-geographical regionalization (by Grubov, 1982) of the Mongolia (Figure 1). Figure 1. Map of phyto-geographical regions of the Mongolia (by Grubov, 1982) Results It is revealed that 74 species belonging to 37 genera, 6 subtribes, 12 tribes (4 clades) and 2 subfamilies (Saniculoideae and Apioideae) occur in the flora of Mongolia at present. 9 species and 4 genera have been added, 1 species (Ferula gracilis) excluded and 4 genera (Kadenia, Kitagawia, Sajanella, Seseli) and 11 species is new combination since Gubanov’s conspectus (1996). We updated new conspectus and classification system (by Downie et al., 2010) of the family Apiaceae to the flora of Mongolia (Urgamal, 2013). CONSPECTUS OF FAMILY APIACEAE LINDL. 1836 (37/74) Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. 1829, Ledeb. Fl. Altaic. 1: 354-355. - A. tadshikorum auct. Fl. Mong., non Schischk. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 ]. + Anethum graveolens L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 263. – [ 3+, 4+, 13+ (Urgamal, 2012) ]. Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot. 21. Symbols: # - new combination; + - new species added; 3+ – new region records 2 Pflanzenr. IV, 228(90): 209. - Carum setaceum Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1841, Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 61. - Scaligeria setacea (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Korovin 1926, Bull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 14: Suppl. 19. - Conopodium setaceum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Korovin, 1924, Bull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 7(Suppl.): 24. – [ 6, 7 ]. Angelica czernaevia (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kitag. 1935, J. Jap. Bot. 12(4): 241–243. Conioselinum czernaevia Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1835, Index Sem. (St.-Petersburg) 2: 33. Czernaevia laevigata Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 740. – [ 5, 9 ]. A. dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav. 1873, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1(1): 187. - Callisace dahurica Fisch. 1816, Gen. Pl. Umbell. 2: 170. – [ 2, 3, 4+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009), 5, 9 ]. # A. archangelica subsp. decurrens (Ledeb.) Kuvaev, 1981, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 952. A. decurrens (Ledeb.) B. Fedtsch. 1909, Consp. Fl. Turkest. 3: 99. - Archangelica decurrens Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 316. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4+ (Urgamal, 2009), 6, 7, 14 ]. + A. saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb. 1844, Fl. Ross. 2: 296. - Coelopleurum saxatile (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Drude, 1898, Die Nat. Pflanzenf. 3(8): 213. – [ 2+ (Urgamal, 2013) ]. A. sylvestris L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 251. – [ 6, 7+ (Urgamal, 2006, 2009) ]. A. tenuifolia (Pall. ex Spreng.) Pimenov, 1985, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70: 1494. - Athamanta tenuifolia Pall. ex Schult. 1820, Syst. Veg. 6: 495. - Peucedanum salinum Pall. ex Spreng. 1825, Syst. Veg. 1: 910 . – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9+ (Pistrick et al., 2012), 10, 13+ (Urgamal, 2013) ]. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. 1814, Gen. Pl. Umbell. 40. Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 258. – [ 1+ (Urgamal, 2004), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]. + Apium graveolens L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 264-265. – [ 2+, 3+, 4+ (Urgamal, 2009, 2012) ]. Aulacospermum anomalum Ledeb. 1833, Fl. Altaic. 4: 335. – Cnidium anomalum Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 333. – [ 6+ (Urgamal, 2009), 7 ]. Bunium setaceum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) H. Wolff, 1927, Note: The some data suggest that it is synonymous with Scaligeria setacea (Schrenk) Korovin. (by The Plant List, 2010). Bupleurum aureum Fisch. ex Hoffm. 1814, Gen. Pl. Umbell. 115. – [ 7 (Dayan nuur) ]. B. bicaule Helm. 1809, Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 2: 108. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]. B. krylovianum Schischk. 1935, Fl. Zap. Sibiri 8: 2010. – [ 3+ (Urgamal, 2009), 7 ]. + B. longiinvolucratum Krylov, 1903, Trudy Imp. St.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21(1): 17. – [ 7+ (Olonova et al., 2013) ]. – Subendemic. B. mongolicum V.M. Vinogr. 1985, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. (New Delhi) 22: 194. - B. densiflorum auct. Fl. Mong., non Rupr. – [ 7, 13, 14 ]. – Subendemic. First located from Dzungarian Gobi (Baitag Bogd) phytogeographical region (LE). B. multinerve DC. 1828, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 4: 500. – [ 1+ (Oyumaa & Paula de Priest, 2011), 2, 3, 4, 5, 7+, 9+ (Urgamal, 2007; 2009), 11 ]. + B. pusillum Krylov, 1903, Trudy Imp. St.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21(1): 18. – B. bicaule subsp. pusillum (Krylov) Czubarov, 2004, Turczaninowia 7(3): 66. 2004. - B. bicaule var. pusillum (Krylov) Gubanov, 1983, in Fl. Vostoch. Khangaya (MNR) 143. - B. falcatum var. pusillum (Krylov) Koso-Pol. 1914, Trudy Imp. St.Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21(1): 18. – [ 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13 ]. B. scorzonerifolium Willd. 1809, Enum. Pl. 300. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12+ 3 (Urgamal, 2009), 13+ (Neuffer et al., 2012) ]. B. sibiricum Vest. ex Spreng. & Schult. 1820, Syst. Veg. (ed. 15) 6: 368. – [ 2, 4, 8+ (Urgamal, 2004), 9+ (Urgamal, 2009) ]. Carum buriaticum Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 713. – [ 1+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 ]. C. carvi L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 263. – [ 1+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009), 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14 ]. Cenolophium denudatum (Fisch. & Hornem.) Tutin, 1967, Feddes Repert. 74(1–2): 31. - Athamanta denudata Fisch. & Hornem. 1819, Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 32. – [ 3, 7, 10, 14 ]. Cicuta virosa L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 255. – [ 1+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]. Cnidium dauricum (Jacq.) Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1835, Index Sem. (St.- Petersburg) 2: 33. - Laserpitium dauricum Jacq. 1776, Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 22. – [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]. C. monnieri (L.) Cuss. 1782, Mem. Soc. Med. Emul. Paris 280. – [4, 9 ]. # C. salinum Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 733. - Kadenia salina (Turcz.) Lavrova & V.N. Tikhom. 1986, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 3: 93. – [ 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 ]. Conioselinum longifolium Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 736. – [ 1, 2+ (Urgamal, 2004), 9, 4+, 7+ (Urgamal, 2009, 2013), 10 ]. # C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. 1926, Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5(2): 1329. - C. tataricum Hoffm. 1816, Gen. Pl. Umbell. ed. 2: 185. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. + Coriandrum sativum L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 256. – [ 4+ (Ligaa, 1996; Urgamal, 2009, 2012) ]. Eryngium planum L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 233. – [ 4 (South Darkhan) ]. Ferula bungeana Kitag. 1956, J. Jap. Bot. 31(10): 304. - Peucedanum rigidum Bunge, 1835, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg (Ser. 7) 2: 106. – [ 5+ (Urgamal, 2009), 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]. – Subendemic. + F. caspica M. Bieb. 1808, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 220. – [ 7+, 14+ (Urgamal, 2009) ]. F. dissecta (Ledeb.) Ledeb. 1844, Fl. Ross. 2: 301. - Peucedanum dissectum Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 326. – [ 3, 6+, 7, 10+, 14+ (Urgamal, 2001, 2009) ]. F. dubjanskyi Korovin ex Pavlov, 1934, Fl. Kazakstana 2: 539. - F. dshaudshamyr Korovin, 1947, Monogr. Ferula 79. – [ 7, 14 ]. F. feruloides (Steud.) Korovin, 1947, Monogr. Ferula 77. – Peucedanum feruloides Steud. 1841, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 311. – [ 7 (Ikh and Baga Ongog, Biluut uul), (Suran, 1996; Suran & Jamsran, 1997) ]. F. mongolica (V.M. Vinogr. & Kamelin) V.M. Vinogr. & Kamelin, 1990, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 27: 118. F. songarica subsp. mongolica V. Vinogr. & Kamelin, 1976, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 23: 101. – [ 3, 7, 10, 14, 15 ]. – Subendemic. – First located from Mongolian Altai phytogeographical region (LE). F. potaninii Korovin ex Pavlov, 1935, Fl. Tsentr. Kazakh. 2: 532. – [ 14 (Argalant uul) ]. Ferulopsis hystrix (Bunge ex Ledeb.) Pimenov, 1991, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 76: 1391. Peucedanum hystrix Bunge ex Ledeb. 1835, Verz. Suppl. Fl. Alt. 23. – [ 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9+ (Urgamal, 2009, 2013), 10, 11, 13, 15 ]. Hansenia mongholicum Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 754. - Ligusticum mongholicum Krylov, 1935, Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri viii. 2014. – [ 1, 2 ]. – Subendemic. First located from Mongolian Altai phytogeographical region (LE). 4 Mongolia (vasc. pl.) 79. - Cnidium kamelinii V.M. Vinogr. 1988, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 122. – [ 7 (Bulgan, Ulajstain gol) ]. – Endemic. First located from Mongolian Altai phytogeographical region (LE). L. multicaule Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 731. - Cnidium multicaule (Turcz.) Ledeb. 1844, Fl. Ross. 2: 284. – [ 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13 ]. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. 1798, Encycl. 4(2): 530. - Phellandrium aquaticum L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 255. Oenanthe decumbens auct. Fl. Mong., non (Thunb.) Koso-Pol. – [ 10 (Chono Kharaikhiin gol) ]. + Oe. javanica (Blume) DC. 1830, Prodr. 4: 138. - Sium javanicum Blume, 1826, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: 881. Oenanthe decumbens Koso-Pol. 1915, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 29: 130. – [ 10+ (Chono Kharaikhiin gol), (Urgamal, 2012, 2013) ]. Pachypleurum alpinum Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 297. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4+ (Neuffer et al., 2012), 6, 7, 13+ (Neuffer et al., 2012), 14+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009) ]. Paraligusticum discolor (Ledeb.) V.N. Tikhom. 1973, Bull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 78(1): 107. Ligusticum discolor Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 321-322. – [ 7 (Dayan nuur) ]. + Pastinaca sativa L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 262. – [ 3+, 4+ (Urgamal, 2009, 2012) ]. # Peucedanum baicalense (Redowsky ex Willd.) Koch, 1824, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 94. – Selinum baicalense Redowsky ex Willd. 1809, Enumeratio Pl. 1: 306. - Kitagawia baicalensis (Redowsky ex Willd.) Pimenov, 1986, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(7): 944. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7+ (Urgamal, 2013), 8, 10 ]. P. falcaria Turcz. 1832, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 5: 192. – [ 1+, 3, 4+, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16+ (Urgamal, 2008, 2009) ]. – First located from North Mongolia (KW). Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 301. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11+ (Urgamal, 2013), 13 ]. H. sibiricum L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 1: 249. – [ 1+, 2+ (Urgamal, 2004), 3, 9, 13 ]. # Libanotis abolinii (Korovin) Korovin, 1963, Fl. Kazakhstana 6: 351. Phlojodicarpus abolinii Korovin, 1924, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 74. - Seseli abolinii (Korovin) Schischk. 1950, Fl. URSS 16: 505. – [ 7, 10, 11+ (Urgamal, 2009), 13 ]. # L. buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC. 1829, Coll. Mem. 5: 3. - Bubon buchtormensis Fisch. 1815, Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 55. - Seseli buchtormense (Fisch.) W.D.J. Koch, 1824, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 110-111. – [ 7, 14 ]. # L. condensata (L.) Crantz 1767, Class. Umbell. Emend. 105–106. Athamanta condensata L. 1753, Sp. Pl. 2: 1195. - Seseli condensatum (L.) Rchb. 1867, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 21: 37. – [ 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14+ (Urgamal, 2009) ]. # L. eriocarpa Schrenk, 1843, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.Petersbourg 2: 195. - Seseli eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch. 1915, Rastitelnost turkestana 617. – [ 7, 10, 14 ]. # L. grubovii (V.M. Vinogr. & Sanchir) M.L. Sheh & M.F. Watson, 2004, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42(6): 563. Seseli grubovii V.M. Vinogr. & Sanchir, 1985, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(7): 965. – [ 7, 13, 14, 15 ]. – Subendemic. # L. seseloides (Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Turcz.) Turcz. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 725. - Seseli seseloides (Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Turcz.) Hiroe, 1958, Umbelliferae Asia 1: 135. Ligusticum seseloides Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Turcz. 1838, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 11: 530. – [ 1+, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9+ (Urgamal, 2009, 2012) ]. Lithosciadium kamelinii (V.M. Vinogr.) Pimenov, 1996, Consp. Fl. Outer 5 monstrosa DC. 1829, Coll. Mem. 5: 48. – [ 2 (Onon gol) ]. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischkin, 1951, Fl. URSS 17: 54. - Stenocoelium divaricatum Turcz. 1834, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17: 734. – [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8+ (Urgamal, 2009), 9 ]. Schultzia crinita (Pall.) Spreng. 1813, Neue Schriften Naturf. Ges. Halle 2(1): 30. - Sison crinitum Pall. 1779, Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 2: 250. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4+ (Neuffer et al., 2012), 6, 7 ]. Seseli glabratum Willd. ex Schult. 1820, Syst. Veg. 6: 406. – [ 7 (Yamaat uul) ]. S. mucronatum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Pimenov & Sdobnina, 1973, Bull. Moskovsk. Obac. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 78(4): 139. - Neogaya mucronata Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1842, Enum. Pl. Nov. 2: 40. - Ligusticum mucronatum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Leute, 1970, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 74: 473. – [ 14 (Baitag Bogd and Khavtaga uul) ]. Sium suave Walt. 1788, Fl. Carol. 115. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9+ (Hilbig et al., 2012), 10, 14+ (Urgamal, 2012) ]. Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Bess. ex Trev.) Koso-Pol. 1915, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 29: 202. - Chaerophyllum gracile Besser ex Trevir. 1826, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13(1): 172. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6+ (Urgamal, 2009), 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]. Stenocoelium athamantoides (M. Bieb.) Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 298-299. - Cachrys athamantoides M. Bieb. 1829, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 217. – [ 6, 7 ]. P. puberulum (Turcz.) Schischk. 1951, Fl. URSS, 17: 186. - Peucedanum vaginatum var. puberulum Turcz. 1844, Fl. Baic.-Dahur. 1: 504. – [ 2, 3, 6, 8, 13 ]. # P. terebinthaceum (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Ledeb. 1844, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 17(4): 743. Selinum terebinthaceum Fisch. ex Trevir. 1821, Ind. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. Append. 3: 3. - Kitagawia terebinthacea (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Pimenov, 1986, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(7): 944. – [ 2, 4, 5, 9 ]. P. vaginatum Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 312. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8+, 11+, 13+ (Urgamal, 2004, 2009, 2012) ]. Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Stephan ex Fischer) Koso-Pol. 1922, Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Rossijsk. Akad. Nauk 8: 117. - Cachrys sibirica Stephan ex Fischer, 1825, Syst. Veg. 1: 892. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7+, 8, 9, 13+ (Urgamal, 2012) ]. Ph. villosus (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Ledeb. 1844, Fl. Ross. 2: 331. - Libanotis villosa Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1835, Index Sem. (St.-Petersburg) 1: 31. – [ 1, 2, 3, 6 ]. Pimpinella thehungiana H. Wolff, 1927, Pflanzenr. 4, 228(90): 304. – [ 4, 5, 9 ]. Pleurospermum uralense Hoffm. 1814, Gen. Pl. Umbell. 9. – [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5+ (Urgamal, 2009), 6, 8, 9 ]. Prangos ledebourii Herrnst. & Heyn, 1977, Boissiera 26: 68. - Cachrys macrocarpa Ledeb. 1829, Fl. Altaic. 1: 364-366. – [ 7, 14 ]. # Sajania monstrosa Pimenov, 1974, Bull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 79(3): 11. - Sajanella monstrosa (Willd.ex Spreng.) Sojak, 1980, Cas. Nar. Muz. Prague, 148, 3-4: 209. - Libanotis The cultivated plants followed in the Apiaceae family: Daucus carota L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Hyman. ex A.W. Hill. Discussion From I.A. Gubanov works (1996), have been newly added 9 species (Anethum graveolens, Angelica saxatilis, Apium graveolens, Bupleurum pusillum, B. longiinvolucratum, Coriandrum sativum, Ferula caspica, Oenanthe javanica, 6 Pastinaca sativa) and 4 genera (Anethum, Apium, Coriandrum, Pastinaca). In addition to that 4 genera (Kadenia, Kitagawia, Sajanella, Seseli) and 11 species (Angelica decurrens, Kadenia salina, Kitagawia baicalensis, K. terebinthacea, Sajanella monstrosa, Seseli abolinii, S. buchtormense, S. condensatum. S. eriocarpum, S. grubovii, S. seseloides) level is new a combination. Therefore, have been found newly very rare 3 species (Bupleurum longiinvolucratum, Ferula potaninii, Lithosciadium kamelinii) and rare 3 species (Paraligusticum discolor, Seseli glabratum, S. mucronatum) from the Mongolian flora. The cultivated plants followed in the Apiaceae family: Daucus carota L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Hyman. ex A.W. Hill. Acknowledgments I would like to thanks Dr., prof. Ch. Sanchir, E. Ganbold and Dr. Tuvshintogtokh (Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences), Prof. Sh. Dariimaa (Mongolian State University of Education) and Dr. B. Oyuntsetseg, Dr., D. Nyambayar (National University of Mongolia) for their kind assistance for identifying the specimens and their priceless comments on the manuscript. Magsar, D. & Ligaa, U. 1977. Zontichnie v Mongolii. [Family Umbelliferae in Mongolia]. Bull. General and experimental Biology , Mongolian Academy of Sciences, vol. 12: 139-154. (in Russian). Magsar, D., Sanchir, Ch. & Shreter, A.I. 1986. Mongol orny Shukhertenii ovgiin urgamliin tarkhatsiin shine nutag. – Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 8: 47-50. (in Mongolian). Manibazar, N. 2010. Dictionary of latinmongolian species name of vascular plants in Mongolia. – Ulaanbaatar. (in Mongolian). Olonova, M.V., Dao-yuan Zhang. & Beket, U. 2013. On the identification of important plant areas on Altai mountain country. – Tomsk State Univ. J. Biol. 1(21): 59-73. (in Russian). Pimenov, M.G. & Leonov, M.V. 1993. The genera of the Umbelliferae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J. & Munkhbaatar, A. 2004. New species in the Middle Khalkha steppe region. – Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 14: 6-8. (in Mongolian). She, Menglan, Fading, Pu., Zehui, Pan., Watson, M.F., Cannon, F.M., Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Kljukov, E.V., Phillippe, L.R. & Pimenov, M.G. 2005. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Flora of China, tomus 14. Suran, D. 1996. Biologiya feruli metelichatoy. [Biology of the Ferula feruloides (Steud.) Korov.]. Autoreferat of the doctor degree of Biology. Ulaanbaatar. (in Russian). References Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) III. 2009. “An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III”. – Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 105-121. Downie, S.R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie D.S. & J.-P. Reduron. 2010. Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. Plant Diversity and Evolution (formerly Botanische Jahrb.) 128: 111-136. Ganbold, E. 2010. Flora Severnoj Mongolii. [Flora of Northern Mongolia]. Moskva. vol. 53. (in Russian). Grubov, V.I. 1982. Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas). - Leningrad, Nauka: 442pp. (in Russian). Gubanov, I.A. 1996. Conspectus of flora in Outer Mongolia. – Moskva, Valang. (in Russian). Gubanov, I.A. 1999. Addition and review of the conspectus in flora of Outer Mongolia (vascular plants). – Turczaninowia 2(3): 20. (in Russian). International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 2013. [Online Database]. Jansran, Ts., Ulziykhutag N. & Ch. Sanchir, Ch. 1972. Ulaanbaatar khot orchmiin urgamal tanikh bichig. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.: 193-198. (in Mongolian). Ligaa, U. 1996. Medicinal plants of Mongolia used in Mongolian Traditional Medicine. Seoul. 7 Juss.) in Mongolia. - Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 17: 58-62. Urgamal, M., Sanchir, Ch., Zhang MingLi. 2007. Classification and distribution of Bupleurum L. (Umbeliferae Juss.) in Mongolia Bull. of Botanical Research, CHINA, vol. 27, 1/1: 20-24. Urgamal, . 2008. Genus of the Peucedanum L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. – Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 20: 23-29. Urgamal, M. 2009. Flora of Mongolia. vol. 10, (Apiaceae-Cornaceae). – Ulaanbaatar, "Bembi san", 130pp. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2012. The databases on the herbarium and the flora of Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen Der Mongolei. - Absracts Int, Symp. ”Biodiversity of Research in Mongolia” Halle (Saale), Germany; 25-29, March, p.39-40. Urgamal, M. 2012. Taxonomy of the family Carrot (Apiaceae Lindley 1836) in Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen Der Mongolei. – Absracts Int.l Symp. ”Biodiversity of Research in Mongolia” Halle (Saale), Germany; 25-29, March 2012: 39. Urgamal, M. 2012. New distribution species of the family Apiaceae Lindl. in the Mongolian Altai and Dzungarian gobi regions of Mongolia. – Proc. Int. Conf. of Flora and Ecological problem Altai ecoregion. 1, .49-51. Urgamal, M. 2012. Distribution of Apiaceae species in Mongolia. – Proc. of Int. Conf. of Botanical problem in Southern Siberia and Mongolia. – XI. Barnaul, Russia, 28–31. 2012, 226-228. (in Russian). Urgamal, M. 2013. Plants of the family Umbelliferae Juss. of Mongolia. – Thesis of Ph.D. – Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2013. Results of taxonomic investigation of the family Apiaceae in the Mongolian flora. – Proc. of Int. Conf. Plant Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Continental Asia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 26-27, June: 69-71. Vinogradova, V.M. 1994. Plantae Asie Centralis. (Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Cornaceae) – Sankt.-Petersburg, . 10: 41-42. (in Russian). W3 Tropicos. 2013. [Online Database]. World Checklist of Selected Plant (WCSP). 2013. [Online Database]. Suran D. & Jamsran, Ts. 1997. Chiir. [Chiir, Ferula feruloides (Steud.) Korov.]. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. (in Mongolian). Ulziykhutag, N. 1985. Tejeeliin urgamal tanikh bichig. – Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia - 557p. (in Mongolian). Ulziykhutag, N. 1989. Mongol orny urgamlyn aimgyn toim. – 130p. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2000. Key to species of the genera Ferula L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. ”Central Asian Ecosystems – 2000” International conference. Proc.of Abstracts. 5-7 Sept., 2000. – Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.: 161-162. Urgamal, . 2001. Overview of taxonomy of the genus of Ferula L. in Mongolia. Bull. of the National University of Mongolia 11(164): 67-71. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2004. New areas some species of the family Umbelliferae Juss. in Mongolia. – Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 14: 25-27. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2004. Key for determination of the family Celery Umbelliferae Juss. or Apiaceae Lindl. in Mongolia. – Ulaanbaatar, Jinst-Khargana: (in Mongolian, only key in English). Urgamal, . 2004. Key to the species of genus Seseli L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 15: 58-65. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, . 2006. Key to the species of genus Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. - Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 49-51. (in Mongolian). Urgamal, M. 2006. Description of species Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. - Proc. of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 51-55. Urgamal, M. 2006. Taxanomy of the Genus Angelica L. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. – Proc. of the Inst. of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. vol. 16: 55-58. Urgamal, M. 2006. Taxanomy of the Genus Cnidium Cusson ex Juss. (Umbelliferae Juss.) in Mongolia. - Mongolian J. Biological Sciences. vol. 4 (1): 63-66. Urgamal, M. 2007. Taxanomy of the Genus Cnidium Cusson ex Juss. (Umbelliferae . - 8 urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn 2 12 (4 clade), 6 37 74 . 4 (Anethum L., Apium L., Coriandrum L., Pastinaca Mill.), 9 (Anethum graveolens L., Angelica saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb., Apium graveolens L., Bupleurum pusillum Krylov, B. longiinvolucratum Krylov, Coriandrum sativum L., Ferula caspica M. Bieb., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Pastinaca sativa L.) , 4 (Kadenia, Kitagawia, Sajanella, Seseli), 11 (Angelica decurrens, Kadenia salina, Kitagawia baicalensis, K. terebinthacea, Sajanella monstrosa, Seseli abolinii, S. buchtormense, S. condensatum. S. eriocarpum, S. grubovii, S. seseloides) . , (Urgamal, 2013). Keywords: Apiaceae, , , , 9

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Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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2004 •

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