Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKBOJBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4074© 2007 The Linnean Society of London? 2007 1543 397419 Original Articles SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419. With 1 figure Synopsis of Turkish Acantholimon Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) MUSA DOGAN1* and GALIP AKAYDIN2 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey Department of Biology Education, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey 2 Received December 2005; accepted for publication March 2007 A synopsis of Acantholimon in Turkey is given on the basis of a revisional study conducted in Turkey by the authors. An account of 52 species, ten subspecies, and 17 varieties is given, including keys to the species, subspecies, and varieties, and a general indication of their distribution, as well as their conservation status in Turkey. Seven new taxa, namely A. ekimii sp. nov., A. capitatum ssp. sivasicum ssp. nov., A. calvertii var. glabrum var. nov., A. huetii var. breviscapum var. nov., A. acerosum ssp. longibracteolorum ssp. nov., A. lycaonicum ssp. cappadocicum ssp. nov., and A. halophilum var. coloratum var. nov., are described, together with a few new combinations. A. wiedemannii, A. iconicum, and A. lycaonicum, described from Turkey in the past, but placed under other species as synonyms in the Flora of Turkey, are recognized once again as good species. A. multiflorum and A. parviflorum are given a species status. In Turkey, the presence of A. latifolium, A. araxanum, A. lepturoides, A. hohenackerii, A. senganense, A. fominii, A. petraeum, and A. tragacanthinum is also confirmed. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: new taxa – revision – taxonomy. INTRODUCTION The genus Acantholimon Boiss. was first described by Boissier (1846), and later, in his Flora Orientalis, he recognized 74 species in the area. Recent estimates suggest that the genus comprises about 200 species worldwide, and its main centre of diversity lies in the Irano-Turanian Phytogeographical Region (Bokhari, 1970). Acantholimon species are perennial, laxly or densely pulvinate subshubs forming thorn cushions. The genus has considerable ecological and ornamental importance with nicely coloured and long-lasting flowers (Muvaffak, Dogan & Bilgin, 2001). Approximately 100 years after the first publication of the monograph of Acantholimon (Bunge, 1872), Bokhari (1970, 1972a) was the second person to carry out an extensive taxonomic study on the family Plumbaginaceae. He recognized six genera, namely Acantholimon Boiss., Limoniopsis Lincz., Limonium Miller, Armeria Willd., *Corresponding author. E-mail: doganm@metu.edu.tr Goniolimon Boiss., and Plumbago L., in Turkey, from where he also described six new species in Acantholimon (A. confertiflorum, A. halophilum, A. reflexifolium, A. dianthifolium, A. hypochaerum, and A. strigillosum). Bokhari (1972b) also studied the stigma and the pollen types in Acantholimon and Limoniopsis. Bokhari & Edmondson (1982) recognized 25 species of Acantholimon in the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 7), and also indicated the possibility of finding more species either imperfectly known (two species) or doubtfully recorded (nine species). Since 2000, as part of a revision of the family Plumbaginaceae in Turkey, the authors have carried out extensive field surveys and laboratory studies, and have studied previously collected specimens deposited in various herbaria. The studies have revealed 12 additional new species, namely A. birandii Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2001), A. avanosicum Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2002a), A. anatolicum Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2002b), A. karamanicum Akaydın & Dogan (Akaydın & Dogan, 2002), © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 397 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 1 398 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN MATERIAL AND METHODS Since 2000, as part of a revision of the genus Acantholimon, extensive field surveys were conducted in Turkey and a large number of specimens were collected. The specimens were pressed carefully and dried using standard techniques (Davis & Heywood, 1973). The specimens were all cross-checked with the various Acantholimon accounts given in the relevant floras and monographs, such as Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Bokhari & Edmondson, 1982), Flora Orientalis (Boissier, 1879), Flora Iranica (Rechinger & Schiman-Czeika, 1974), Flora Europaea (Moore, 1972), Flora of USSR (Komarov, 1967), Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai (Post, 1933), Die Gattung Acantholimon Boiss. (Bunge, 1872), and Revision Taxonomique du Genre Acantholimon (Mobayen, 1964). In addition to our own collections of Acantholimon from Turkey, the revision has been based primarily on the collections housed at the herbaria of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E), the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K), the Coservatoire et Jardin Botaniques (G), as well as some other Turkish herbaria (ANK, GAZI, HUB, ISTF, FUH, and EGE). The authorities are cited in accordance with Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt & Powell, 1992), and the specimens are cited using the policy of Flora of Turkey (Davis, 1965). The threat categories of the taxa are given on the basis of IUCN (2001). A REVISED KEY TO ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. IN TURKEY 1. Spikelets 2–5 flowered, 4–6 bracteate 2. Calyx purple or brownish to light brown 3. Spikelets at least 20 mm 4. Spring leaves 3–4 mm in width; scape branched; calyx tube 8–10 mm ............................................. 7. evrenii 4. Spring leaves 1–2 mm in width; scape unbranched; calyx tube 11–12 mm.................................. 8. latifolium 3. Spikelets shorter than 17 mm 5. Outer bract ±orbicular with very broadly hyaline margins to 5 mm wide; spikelets 2–5 flowered, 4–6 bracteate; calyx purple ............................................................................................................... 1. bracteatum 5. Outer bract ovate, with narrowly hyaline margins to 2 mm wide; spikelets (1–)2–3 flowered, 2–4 bracteate; calyx brownish....................................................................................................... 6. petuniiflorum 2. Calyx white or colourless 6. Inflorescence type a laxly to densely distichous spike 7. Spike densely distichous; outer bract longer (9–10 mm) than inner ones (8–9 mm); calyx veins reaching margin ............................................................................................................................................ 5. artosense 7. Spike laxly distichous; outer bract shorter (7–10 mm) than inner ones (8–11 mm); calyx veins excurrent ....................................................................................................................................................3. hoshapicum 6. Inflorescence type a densely terminal spike 8. Spikelets with 2 flowers; outer bract 6–7 mm; spike up to 1.5 cm in width......................4. bashkaleicum 8. Spikelets with at least 5 flowers; outer bract 10–11 mm; spike at least 2.5 cm in width ......2. capitatum 1. Spikelets usually 1-flowered, 1–3 bracteate 9. Calyx tubular; inflorescence laxly paniculate.............................................................................. 10. quinquelobum 9. Calyx infundibular; inflorescence spicate, capitate, or shortly branched densely paniculate 10. Leaves heterophyllous; spikelets 1–2-flowered....................................................................9. tragacanthinum 10. Leaves monomorphic; spikelets 1-flowered 11. Previous years’ leaves with persistent circinnate leaf bases in lower parts of stem 12. Spike elongate, laxly distichous © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 A. köycegizicum Dogan & Akaydın, A. göksunicum Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2003a), A. turcicum Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2003b), A. yildizelicum Akaydın (Akaydın, 2004), A. bashkaleicum Dogan & Akaydın, A. artosense Dogan & Akaydın, A. hoshapicum Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2004), and A. evrenii Dogan & Akaydın (Dogan & Akaydın, 2005). The studies confirmed the presence of the following species in Turkey, namely A. latifolium Boiss., A. araxanum Bunge, A. lepturoides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., A. hohenackerii (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., A. senganense Bunge, A. fominii Kusn., A. petraeum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Bunge, and A. tragacanthinum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., and clarified the taxonomy of A. laxiflorum Boiss. ex Bunge, an endemic species in Turkey (Dogan, Duman & Akaydın, 2003). The present account of the genus is condensed from the final report of the research project, which was based on material collected by us or stored at various herbaria in Europe (G, K, E) and Turkey (ANK, GAZI, HUB, ISTF, FUH, and EGE). SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 399 © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 13. Scape 8–18 cm long; spike 15–30 cm, 16–36-flowered; flowers 13–15 mm ........................ 11. laxiflorum 13. Scape 6–9 cm long; spike 2.5–7 cm, 4–8(−10)-flowered; flowers 16–18 mm......................... 19. turcicum 12. Spike terminal, densely distichous 14. Spike simple, unbranched ............................................................................................................ 16. ekimii 14. Spike 1–5-branched 15. Scape 17–27 cm long, 7–8-scaled; leaves rigid, with spine at tip ........................... 14. köycegizicum 15. Scape 5–15 cm long, 1–2-scaled; leaves not rigid, without spine at tip 16. Leaves dark green, glabrous or ciliolate; outer bract 6–10 mm long........................15. calvertii 16. Leaves glaucous-green, puberulent or pubescent; outer bract 4.5–6(−7) mm long 17. Leaves puberulent; scape 5–8 cm long; outer bract 4.5–5 mm, ovate; inner bracts 7.5–8 mm .......................................................................................................................... 17. göksunicum 17. Leaves pubescent; scape 3–5 cm long; outer bract 5–6(−7) mm, oblong-triangular; inner bracts 9–10 mm ..........................................................................................................18. huetii 11. Previous years’ leaves without persistent circinnate leaf bases in lower parts of stem 18. Spike simple, elongate, not congested terminally 19. Spike densely distichous; outer bract 2 × internodes 20. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 1.5–3 mm broad; calyx 12–13 mm; calyx veins excurrent .................. ............................................................................................................................... 12. dianthifolium 20. Leaves linear-subulate, 1–1.5 mm broad; calyx to 12 mm; calyx veins not excurrent 21. Leaves 30–50 mm; calyx 11–12 mm; limb 8–9 mm broad .........................28. confertiflorum 21. Leaves 10–30(−35) mm; calyx less than 10 mm; limb 4–6 mm broad 22. Spike 8–14-flowered; bracts longer than calyx tube............................... 33. avanosicum 22. Spike 2–6(−8)-flowered; bracts equal to or slightly shorter than calyx tube 23. Spikelets 10–12 mm; outer bract longer than inner bracts; calyx 9–10 mm; petals white–cream ..................................................................................... 26. karamanicum 23. Spikelets 9–10 mm; outer bract ± equal to inner bracts; calyx 7–8 mm; petals pink ....................................................................................................................27. birandii 19. Spike laxly distichous; outer bract equal to or at most 1.5× internodes 24. Calyx limb pink to dark purple, pale flesh-coloured or brownish in sicco 25. Inner bracts shorter than calyx tube; calyx limb brownish; calyx veins not excurrent....... ............................................................................................................................... 52. venustum 25. Inner bracts equal to calyx tube; calyx limb pink to dark purple or pale flesh-coloured; calyx veins excurrent 26. Leaves 1–1.3 mm in width, margins scabrid; scape up to 6 cm; spike 4–5 cm; inner bracts 7–8 mm.............................................................................................46. senganense 26. Leaves 1.5–2 mm in width, margins scabridulous; scape 8–10 cm; spike 6–7 cm; inner bracts 6–7 mm................................................................................................51. petraeum 24. Calyx limb white or cream 27. Calyx lobes acute at tip.................................................................................... 38. halophilum 27. Calyx lobes obtuse or truncate at tip 28. Scapes equal to leaves or slightly longer; spikes just above tips of leaves 29. Spikes up to 25 mm long; outer bract carinate; lower leaves ± patent; calyx 12– 13 mm.................................................................................................. 44. libanoticum 29. Spikes longer than 30 mm; outer bract non carinate; lower leaves ± reflexed; calyx 8–9 mm.................................................................................................... 34. armenum 28. Scapes much longer than leaves; spikes much above leaves 30. Calyx veins bright purple, contrasting with limb; inner bracts hairy at least on veins ............................................................................................ 31. caryophyllaceum 30. Calyx veins bright pink, not contrasting with limb; inner bracts glabrous 31. Outer bract longer than inner bracts ............................................. 37. iconicum 31. Outer bract shorter than or equal to inner bracts 32. Rachis flexuous; outer bract equal to inner bracts ................... 36. kotschyi 32. Rachis straight; outer bract shorter than inner bracts 33. Densely pulvinate; scape 15–25 cm long, with 3–4 scales; calyx 12– 14 mm; outer bract 7–8 mm................................................32. acerosum 33. Laxly pulvinate; scape 6–12 cm long, with 4–8 scales; calyx 10–12 mm; outer bract 5–6 mm ........................................................ 45. parviflorum 18. Spike usually 1–2-branched or occasionally simple, ±dense and congested terminally 400 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 34. Scape not visible or up to the level of leaves, at most 2 cm long; spike at the level of leaves or slightly longer 35. Calyx veins excurrent at tip 36. Laxly pulvinate; leaves 25–40 mm long; calyx 16–17 mm; outer bract 8–10(−12) mm, ± green .............................................................................................................................. 13. hypochaerum 36. Densely pulvinate; leaves 11–15 mm long; calyx 9–10 mm; outer bract 5–6 mm, purple.......... ..................................................................................................................................39. lycaonicum 35. Calyx veins not excurrent at tip 37. Laxly pulvinate; inner bracts shorter than calyx tube; petals yellow–cream ............................. ................................................................................................................................ 21. yildizelicum 37. Densely pulvinate; inner bracts longer than or equal to calyx tube; petals pink 38. Bracts equal; outer bract (6)8–10 mm; leaves puberulous all over............... 25. puberulum 38. Bracts unequal; outer bract up to 6 mm; leaves glabrous or pubescent 39. Scapes with 2 scales; spikelets 14–15 mm; calyx 13–14 mm ............... 20. wiedemannii 39. Scapes without scales; spikelets 12–14 mm; calyx 9–11 mm ..................... 24. ulicinum 34. Scape visible, longer than leaves, more than 3 cm long; spike above leaves 40. Scapes very short, 2(−3)× leaves, fragile; leaves more than 1(−1.5) mm in width, glaucous 41. Spike unbranched; inner bracts equal to calyx tube; outer bract 5–7 mm; inner bracts 7–8 mm .............................................................................................................................. 40. damassanum 41. Spike 1–2-branched; inner bracts shorter than calyx tube; outer bract 4–5 mm; inner bracts 6– 7 mm................................................................................................................... 42. saxifragiforme 40. Scapes much longer than leaves, at least (3)4× leaves, non fragile; leaves up to 1 mm in width, greenish 42. Bracts strigillous; scape with 5–8 strigillous scales; spikes fragile .................. 23. strigillosum 42. Bracts not strigillous; scape with at most 4–5 scales, scales not strigillous; spikes not fragile 43. Leaves hairy or ciliate; spike dense and congested terminally, nearly unbranched; rachis segments not visible, shorter than 1/2× outer bract 44. Spike 3–5-flowered; spikelet 10–11 mm; calyx 9–10 mm ...................... 47. spirizianum 44. Spike 5–15-flowered; spikelets at least 12 mm; calyx usually longer than 11 mm 45. Lower leaves strongly reflexed; scape up to 5 cm long ...................29. reflexifolium 45. Lower leaves not reflexed; scape longer than 5 cm 46. Leaves 5–12 mm; scape with 4–5 scales; spike 1.5–2 cm long; bracts hairy ..... .........................................................................................................22. anatolicum 46. Leaves 15–22 mm; scape with 2–3 scales; spike 3–4 cm long; bracts glabrous .......................................................................................................... 30. caesareum 43. Leaves glabrous; spike lax and not congested terminally, clearly branched; rachis segments visible and longer than 1/2× outer bract 47. Leaves reflexed, light green; spikelets 13–15 mm; calyx 12–14 mm ..................................... ........................................................................................................................... 43. glumaceum 47. Leaves not reflexed, ±glaucous; spikelets shorter than 13 mm; calyx up to 11 mm 48. Calyx veins not clearly visible or light brown; outer bract longer than calyx tube and inner bracts or occasionally equal 49. Spike 6–8 cm, 10–12-flowered, rachis segments equal to spikelets .......................... ............................................................................................................... 35. lepturoides 49. Spike 4–5 cm, 5–6(−8)-flowered, rachis segments shorter than spikelets ................ ................................................................................................................ 49. araxanum 48. Calyx veins visible, purple; outer bract shorter than calyx tube and inner bracts or occasionally equal 50. Leaves linear; scape 4–6 cm long; outer bract brownish; inner bracts carinate...... ............................................................................................................. 48. multiflorum 50. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-subulate; scape 7–15 cm long; inner bracts not carinate 51. Leaves 0.5–1 mm in width; scape 7–9 cm long; outer bract (4)5–6 mm; calyx veins excurrent ........................................................................... 41. hohenackerii 51. Leaves 1–1.5 mm in width; scape 11–15 cm long; outer bract 6–7 mm; calyx veins not excurrent ............................................................................. 50. fominii SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. SECT. ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. Type: ‘[N. W. Iran] in Aderbidjan prope Seid Khadjé, Aucher 5242 (holo. P, iso. FI, G!, K!).’ South-east Anatolia. B9 Van: 34 km from Baskale to Hosap, Güzeldere pass, 2800 m, 3.vii.1966, D. 45914! (K), ibid. 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7541! Baskale, between Gürpınar–Baskale, Esentepe pass, 2800 m, 19.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7006! C9 Hakkari: Diz stream, around Zap suyu gorge, 2000 m, 24.vi.1967 Watson et al. 2867! around Behçelen, 2500 m, 7.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7555! above Hakkari, 2200 m, 23.vi.1966, D. 45439! C10 Hakkari: near Bacirge, 1700–1800 m, 18.vi.1966, D. 45286! Iran (West Azerbaijan province). Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 2. A. capitatum Sosn., Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis 11: 11 (1915). Syn.: A. scabiosum Mobayen, Revis, Taxon. Acantholimon 298, fig. 20 (1964)! A. bracteatum (Girard) Boiss. var. capitatum (Sosn.) Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). 1. Calyx 11–13 mm; outer bract 10–11 mm ................ .................................................................ssp. capitatum 1. Calyx 9–10 mm; outer bract 8–9 mm ...................... ................................................................. ssp. sivasicum ssp. capitatum Type: ‘[Turkey] A8 Erzurum: prov. Kars, distr. Oltu, inter pp. Karnawaz et Lespek, 8.vii.1911, Sosnovsky (holo. TBI, photo. E! iso. K!).’ East Anatolia. A8 Erzurum: around Aras, 1700 m, Tobey 2091! A9 Kars: Killik Da. West of Akçay towards Cumaçay, 2250–2500 m, 18.vii.1967, Watson et al. 3392! B9 Bitlis/Van: Pelli Da., 2500–3000 m, 9.vii.1971, Edmondson 638! Van: Çatak, Kavussahap Da., 3100 m, 23.vii.1954, Davis 23144! (type of A. scabiosum!), 2860 m, 13.vii.1967, Watson et al. 3573! on the Ercis road, 1700 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6990! Gevas, Artos Da., 2350 m, 5.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7528! C10 Van: around Baskale, 2200 m, 19.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7023! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. ssp. sivasicum Dogan & Duman, 46 subsp. nov. A typo calycibus 9–10 mm longis, bracteolis 8–9 mm longis differt. Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Sivas: Ulas, between Kutlukaya and Bogazdere village, 1400–1500 m, serpentine, steppe, 7.vii.2003, H. Duman 8983 (holo. GAZI!).’ Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. The species mentioned above was considered as a variety of A. bracteatum by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982), but, after examination of the type kept at Kew, it seemed worthwhile to recognize it as a species because of its white petals and non-excurrent calyx veins. A new subspecies, ssp. sivasicum, named after the type locality, is described because of its smaller calyces (9–10 mm) and shorter outer bracts (8– 9 mm). 3. A. hoshapicum Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 497–505 (2004). Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Van: Gürpınar–Baskale road, around Hosap (Guzelsu), 2050 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7540 (holo. ANK!).’ East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 4. A. bashkaleicum Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 497–505 (2004). Type: ‘[Turkey] B10 Van: Van–Hakkari road, near Baskale on mountain slopes, 2100 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7544 (holo. ANK!).’ East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 5. A. artosense Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 497–505 (2004). Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Van: Gevas, Artos Da., 2500 m, 5.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7532 (holo. ANK!).’ East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 6. A. petuniiflorum Mobayen Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon 305, fig. 49 (1964). Type: ‘[Iraq]: Nergan Nr. Bardanas (MRO), in montibus, 2500–2600 m, 25.viii.1957, al Rawi & Serhang 24365a (holo. K!).’ South-east Anatolia. C10 Hakkari: Haruniye pass, 17 km west of Semdinli, Watson et al. 1584! Between Yüksekova and Semdinli, around Haruniye Pass, 2200 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7549! Iraq. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 1. A. bracteatum (Girard) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1 (7): 70 (1846). Syn.: Statice bracteata Girard, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 2: 330 (1844)! Acantholimon splendidum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18 (2): 17 (1872). Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss. var. bracteatum Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 7: 482 (1982). Ic: Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon fig. 18 (1964)!; Fl. Iranica 108: t. 100 figs 1 & 2 (1974)! Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 7, fig. 15 (1982). 401 402 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN 7. A. evrenii Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 149: 351–356 (2005). Type: ‘[Turkey] B7 Elazıg: Palu, Yaylım Da., near Baltası, 1500–1600 m, 29.vi.1983 H. Evren 1585 (holo. ANK!).’ East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. SECT. TRAGACANTHINA BUNGE 9. A. tragacanthinum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 1(7): 81 (1846). Syn.: Statice tragacanthina Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, 20: 256 (1843), Mobayen, Revis, Taxon. Acantholimon fig. 68, p. 268 (1964). Type: ‘[W. Iran] In Media ad lacum matianum, Auch. 5239 (p.p. G!)’ East Anatolia. A9 Kars: between Kagızman and Tuzluca, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6957! Iran (West Azerbaijan province). Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. 10. A. quinquelobum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18 (2): 56 (1872). Ic: Fl. URSS 18: t. 18 fig. 4 (1952); Mobayen, Revis, Taxon. Acantholimon (1964). 1. Calyx nearly straight, veins reaching tips of lobes .......................................................... var. quinquelobum 1. Calyx curved, veins in middle of lobes .................... .............................................................. var. curviflorum var. quinquelobum Type: ‘[N. Iran] in rupibus dolomiticis aridis prope Schahrud provinciae Chorassan occidentalis (Shahrud, prov. Khorassan), Bunge & Bienert (holo. LE, iso. G!, P).’ East Anatolia. A9 Kars: 10 km from Kagızman to Igdır, 2.vii.1963, Jardine 555A! 30–38 km west of Tuzluca, 1100 m, Rech. 57424! Aras valley, 25 km east of Kagızman, 1100 m, 6.vii.1967, Watson 3077! Between Kagızman–Tuzluca, 1200 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6955! Between Kagızman–Igdır, 1125 m, Dogan & Akaydın 7498! Digor–Tuzluca road, around Halıkıslak, 1000 m, 11.viii.2003, Dogan & Akaydın 8094! Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. Type: ‘[W. Iran] in rupestribus persiae mediae occidentalioris prope Kohrud et prope Scur-ab, inter Isfahan et Kum, Bunge & Bienert (holo. LE).’ East Anatolia. A9 Kars: near Kagızman in Aras valley, 1300 m, 18.vii.1966, Davis 46843! Kagızman– Tuzluca road, 1160 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6970! Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. A. curviflorum and A. quinquelobum were both treated as different species in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Bokhari & Edmondson, 1982), but the current research findings have shown that both species grow in the same habitat, flower at the same time, but their calyx tubes vary. Therefore, these species are given variety statuses. SECT. STATI COPSI S BOI SS. 11. A. laxiflorum Boiss. ex Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 28 (1872)! Syn.: A. venustum Boiss. var. laxiflorum (Boiss. ex Bunge) Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 32: 70 (1972). Type: ‘[Turkey] C5 Hatay: in glareosis fluvii Nahr Syad infra pagum Ursusa montis Amani, Syriae bor., 200′, 2.vii.1862, Kotschy 128 (G!).’ South Anatolia. C5 Hatay: Arsuz, near Avcılarsuyu De., 30 m, 36°22′58′′N, 35°53′01′′E, 9.viii.2000, H. Duman 8422! (Chorotype: GAZI!). ibid. 23.vi.2001, H. Duman 8588! (Chorotype: GAZI! ANK! HUB!). Endemic. Mediterranean element. Threat Category: CR. This species was first described by Boissier on the basis of the type specimen collected by Kotschy from Arsuz (C5 Hatay) in 1872, but was somehow, by mistake, placed under A. venustum as a variety by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982), who mixed the type specimens. The current research findings proved it to be quite distinct from A. venustum, as well as the other species of Acantholimon, having circinnate leaf bases (Dogan et al., 2003). 12. A. dianthifolium Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 296, figs 2A–Ae (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey C10 Hakkari: Sat Da. (above Yüksekova), near permanent snow beds, patches of earth in the rocks, 2900 m, [28.viii.1967], Duncan & Tait 91 (holo. E!).’ South-east Anatolia. B9 Agrı: between Horasan– Eleskirt, Tahir Pass, 2350 m, 24.vi.1966, Davis 47309! © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 8. A. latifolium Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. Ser. 2, 4: 61 (1859). Type: ‘In Persia Mesopotomiae finitima prope Mandali’, Noe 185 (G!). South-east Anatolia. C9 Siirt: between Sirvan and Pervari, 28 km to Pervari, calcareous steppe, c. 1350– 1400 m, 14.vi.1980, M. Koyuncu 3222 & A.Güner! North Iraq and west Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. var. curviflorum (Bunge) Dogan & Akaydın, comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. curviflorum Bunge in Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 57 (1872). SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 13. A. hypochaerum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 32: 74 (1972). Syn.: A. sintenisii Hausskn. in. sched.; A. hypochaerum Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon. 303, t. 47 (1964), nom. inval., Ic. Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon. 303, t. 47 (1964). Type: ‘[Turkey] B7 Erzincan: Erzincan–Refahiye, 1400 m, 26.viii.1957, Davis & Hedge, D. 32684 (holo. K! iso. E!).’ East Anatolia. A7 Gümüshane: west of Erzincan, 26.viii.1986, J.C. Archibald 8146! (E), Gümüshane, 1525 m, 28.viii.1934, Balls 2017! A8 Gümüshane: north of Bayburt, 1830 m, 27.viii.1966, Archibald 3273! Around Bayburt, 29.vii.1862, Bougeau! (K), around Degirmendere, 1950 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6869! B7 Erzincan: Sipirkör Da., 28.viii.1890, Sintenis 3218 (the type of A. sintenisii Hausskn.)! Between Erzincan–Sivas, Sakaltutan Pass, 2160 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6876! Erzincan, Tayran Da., Kızıltepe, 2500 m, 25.viii.1967, J.M. Watson 3766! Çimen Da., Ahmediye Pass, 1850 m, 1967 Watson 3829! B10 Agrı: Dogubeyazıt, Hama Da., 2800 m, 3.viii.1956 T. Baytop (ISTE 4866!). Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. Calyx is usually pink in this species, but in some specimens it may vary between pink and white. 14. A. köycegizicum Dogan & Akaydın, Ann. Bot. Fennici, 40: 53–58 (2003). Type: ‘[Turkey] C2 Mugla: Köycegiz around Sultaniye, serpentine slopes, 20 m, 23.viii.2001 Dogan & Akaydın 7237 (holo. ANK! iso.E! K!).’ South-west Anatolia. C2 Mugla: between Köycegiz and Kaplıcalar, serpentine slopes, 20 m, 23.viii.2001 Dogan & Akaydın 7238! Köycegiz, around Sultaniye Köyü, Kersele, 20 m, 24.vii.1992, A. Güner 10689! 14 km from Köycegiz towards Mugla, 150 m, 6.vii.1984, Per Hartvig, Ö. Seçmen & Arne Strid, Strid 23247! Endemic. Mediterranean element. Threat Category: CR. This local endemic species is closely related to A. laxiflorum, but differs by its branched spikes. 15. A. calvertii Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(4): 65 (1859). Syn.: A. glumaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. glabra Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon 313 (1964); A. calvertii Boiss. var. sanguineum Mobayen, op. cit.: 312 (1964). 1. Leaves and bracts hairy.......................var. calvertii 1. Leaves and bracts glabrous ................ var. glabrum var. calvertii Type: ‘[Turkey] B8 Erzurum: monte Techdagh (Palandöken Da.), Calvert 507 (holo. G!, iso. E!, K!) Received May 1867, H.H. Calvert and J. Zohrab.’ East Anatolia. A7 Trabzon: Rize, near Stavri, 2500 m, Balls 520! B7 Elazıg: Hazarbaba Da., 2450 m, Hand.-Mazz. 2581! Hazarbaba Da., 2050 m, Dogan & Akaydın 6760! Tunceli: Munzur Da., 1971, Thoma! Erzincan: Cimin, Kesis Da., 2500–2600 m, 26.vii.1957, Davis 31666! B8 Erzurum: south of Erzurum towards Çat, 3000 m, 16.viii.1957, Rix et al. 1044! Palandöken Da., 2500 m, 22.vii.1986, J.C. Archibald 7964! Siirt: Meleto (Meretug) Da., above Sason, 2950– 3150 m, Hand.-Mazz. 2759! B9 Bitlis: Nemrut Da., 2000 m, 11.viii.1956, McNeill 519! Van: Süphan Da., above Adilcevaz, 3050 m, 28.viii.1954, Davis 24701! Gevas, Artos Da., 2300 m, Dogan & Akaydın 7036! Between Van and Çatak 2000 m, 9.viii.1956, T. Baytop (ISTE 4896!) Agrı: between Akçay and Cumaçay, 2300 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6959! Tahir Pass, 2470 m, 25.viii.1966, Archibald 3242! B10 Agrı: 16 km west of Dogubeyazıt, 1210 m, 4.viii.1962, Furse 3547! C9/C10 Hakkari: Karadag, 11 000 ft (3535 m), 16.viii.1954, Davis 24425! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. var. glabrum Akaydın & Dogan, var. nov. A typo foliis vel bracteis glabrescentibus differt. Type: ‘[Turkey] A8 Erzurum: between Pasinler and Narman, Çimenli Yayla, 2160 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6930 (holo. ANK!).’ East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. Acantholimon calvertii, an endemic species, is mainly confined to East Anatolia. It is related to A. turcicum, but differs by its white calyx colour, longer scapes (5–15 cm), small scale number (onescaled), subequal bracts, longer outer bracts (7– 8 mm), shorter calyces (10–12 mm), and calyx tube which is equal to or shorter than the bracts. For the first time, a dwarf specimen, identified as var. glabrum, collected from Gazipasa (C4 Antalya) by H. Sümbül (2392), is the only record from the © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 C9 Hakkari: Kara Da., 2750 m, Davis 24375! Hakkari–Van road, around Karadag, 2500 m, 7.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7552! 2750 m, Karadag, 15.viii.1954, Davis 24375! Cilo Tepe, 2950 m, Davis 24114! Between Hakkari–Uludere, Süvari Halil Pass, 2500–2600 m, T. Ekim 8086! C10 Hakkari: Mor Da., 2750–3600 m, Watson et al. 3632! Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This species is closely related to A. acerosum, but differs by its very dense spikes, scabridulous leaf margins, and shorter scapes. 403 404 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN Mediterranean, where it grows as a pasture element on mountains at a height of 2000 m. Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Agrı: between Akçay and Cumaçay, high mountain steppe, 2300 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6962 (holo. ANK!). Description: Laxly pulvinate shrublet. Leaves homomorphic, 15–20 × 0.5–0.7 mm, green, glabrous to slightly puberulent on lower surface in the lower part, linear, plano-triquetrous, margins scabridulous, previous year’s leaf bases circinnate. Scapes simple, equal to or slightly exceeding leaves, 3–10 cm, puberulent all over, with one scale; scale 5–7 mm, lanceolate, aristate, largely hyaline on margin, puberulent. Inflorescence simple, dense terminal spike. Spikes 10– 20 mm, with 4–6 spikelets. Spikelets one-flowered, 11–13 mm. Bracts 3, unequal, puberulent, purple; outer bract 5–7 mm, lanceolate-obovate, cuspidate, narrowly hyaline on margins; inner bracts 6.5–8 mm, lanceolate, cuspidate, largely hyaline on margins, equal to calyx tube. Calyx infundibular, purple, 12– 13 mm, tube 6–7 mm, pubescent; limb 5–6 mm, fiveveined, lobes obtuse-truncate, 6–7 mm in diameter, veins excurrent. Petals dark pink. Fl. 7. High mountain steppes in Astragalus spp. and Stipa spp. steppe, 1400–2300 m altitude. East Anatolia. B9 Bitlis:Baykan, 30 km from Bitlis, 1400 m, 22.vi.1983, T.Ekim! Agrı: between Akçay and Cumaçay, 2300 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6963! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. Etymology: This rather rare local endemic species is named after the well-known Turkish botanist Professor Tuna Ekim of Istanbul University, Department of Biology, to whom we are greatly indebted for his great contributions to systematic botany in Turkey. Ecology: This new species is found in high mountain steppes between Akçay and Cumaçay in Agrı, in East Anatolia, where it grows with various Astragalus spp., Stipa spp., Festuca spp., Poa spp., and Bromus spp. 17. A. göksunicum Dogan & Akaydın, in Ann. Bot. Fennici, 40: 53–58 (2003) Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Kahramanmaras: Göksun, between Kurucaova and Güneyoluk, calcareous slopes, 2100 m, 8.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6797 (holo. ANK!).’ South-east Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 18. A. huetii Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 835 (1879) 1. Scapes 3–5 cm, longer than leaves ......... var. huetii 1. Scapes 1.5–2.5 cm, equal to leaves........ var. breviscapum var. huetii Type: ‘[Turkey] A8 Erzurum: Turcica supra Maimansour, [viii.1853], Huet du Pavillon (holo. G!).’ B6 Maras: Çardak, Kandil Da., 2200 m, 25.vii.1952, Davis 20272! (E), Göksun, above Yalak, Binboga Da., 2000 m, 14.vii.1952, Davis 19924! C6 Maras: Berit Tepe, 2650 m, 20.vii.1964, Watson 383! Göksun, Keklikoluk village, 2300 m, 18.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7154! Göksun–Sarız road, 1700 m, 19.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7161! South-east Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. var. breviscapum Akaydın & Dogan, var. nov. A typo scapo 1.5–2.5 cm longis, caulibus e foliis aequelongibus differt. Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Kahramanmaras: Göksun, above Keklikoluk, 2100 m, 9.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6808 (holo. ANK!).’ South-east Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This endemic species also has circinnate leaf bases from the previous year, but this property was not clearly indicated in the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982). For the first time, a new variety, var. breviscapum, is recognized on the basis of its shorter scapes (1.5–2.5 cm). A specimen of Davis (D 24868) from Sivas, given in the flora as A. huetii, has been identified as A. wiedemannii. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 16. A. ekimii Dogan & Akaydın, sp. nov., (Fig. 1) Affinis A. calvertii sed differt foliis brevioribus (15– 20 mm longis), angustioribus (0.5–0.7 mm lata), plerumque puberulentibus; scapo monostachybus, puberulentibus; spicae 10–20 mm longae, 4–8 spiculis compositae; spiculis 11–13 mm longi, bractea florali externa brevior (5–7 mm longa), lanceolata, purpurascentibus; bracteolis internis breviore (6.5–8 mm longo); calycibus 12–13 mm longis, purpurescentibus; limbo 5-lobati, nervis limbi marginem attingentibus. Conservation: This new species is very rare and on the verge of extinction in its habitat. It is known only from the type locality. The populations seem to be small and threatened by excessive grazing. Therefore, it should be graded as Critically Endangered (CR) because of its local appearance and its small population size (IUCN, 2001). This local endemic species is closely related to A. turcicum and A. calvertii, but differs from both in a number of properties, as shown in Table 1. SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 405 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Figure 1. Acantholimon ekimii. A, habit; B, spikelet; C, outer bract; D–E, inner bracts; F, calyx. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 406 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN Table 1. A comparison of Acantholimon ekimii, A. turcicum, and A. calvertii A. ekimii A. turcicum A. calvertii Habit Laxly pulvinate dwarf shrublet Laxly pulvinate shrublet Leaves 15–20 × 0.5–0.7 mm, linear, triquetrous, green, glabrous to slightly puberulent on lower surface, margins scabridulous Scapes Equal to or slightly exceeding leaves, 3–10 cm, with 1 scale, puberulent Dense terminal simple spike Densely pulvinate dwarf shrublet 15–30 × 1–1.2 mm, linear-subulate, triquetrous, glaucous-green, calcareous, glabrous, scabridulous on margins, lower ones spreading Exceeding leaves, 6–9 cm, with 2–3 scales Laxly distichous simple spike Dense terminal distichous spike with 2 branches 18–30 mm long, with 6–10 spikelets 12–17 mm, 1-flowered Subequal, puberulous to glabrous 7–10 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate 8–9 mm, narrowly oblonglanceolate, acuminate, largely hyaline on margin 10–12 mm, sparsely pilose; limb white or purplish, 10-lobed; veins reaching margins or sometimes excurrent Igneous rocks, limestone slopes 1210–3535 June–August Irano-Turanian Spike Spikelets Bracts Outer bract Inner bracts Calyx Habitat Altitude (m) Flowering time Phytogeography 10–20 mm long, with 4–6 spikelets 11–13 mm, 1-flowered Unequal, puberulent, purple 25–70 mm long, with 4–8(−10) spikelets 16–18 mm, 1-flowered Unequal, glabrous 5–7 mm, lanceolate-obovate cuspidate 6.5–8 mm, lanceolate, cuspidate, equal to calyx tube, largely hyaline on margin 12–13 mm, pubescent; limb purple, 6–7 mm in diameter, 5-lobed; lobes obtuse-truncate, veins excurrent High mountain steppes 2300 July Irano-Turanian 5–6 mm, lanceolate, acutemucronate 9–10 mm, linear-lanceolate, acute-mucranate, keeled, largely hyaline on margin 16–17 mm, sparsely pilose; limb brownish, 7–8 mm in diameter, 5-lobed; veins purple, not excurrent Calcareous, mountain scree 1660 July Irano-Turanian 19. A. turcicum Dogan & Akaydın, Israel J. Plant Sci. 51: 231–236 (2003). Type: ‘[Turkey] B7 Elazıg: above Sivrice, Hazar Mountains, calcareous mountain scree in Astragalus spp. steppe, 38°24′23′′N to 39°19′24′′E, 1660 m, 4.vii.2001, Akaydın 6757 & Dogan (holo. ANK!).’ Paratype: B7 Elazıg: between Elazıg and Hazar G., 1525 m, 22.vi.1954, Davis 22089 (E!, K!). East Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This endemic species, having a very narrow distribution in East Anatolia, looks like A. venustum, but differs by its circinnate leaf bases of the previous year’s leaves and longer spikelets (16–18 mm). 20. A. wiedemannii Bunge, in Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 45 (1872). Type: ‘[Turkey] A6 Sivas: Yıldız Da., 1845, Wiedemann (holo G!).’ Exceeding leaves, 5–15 cm, with 1 scale, glabrous Central Anatolia. A6 Sivas/Tokat: between Artova and Tokat, Çamlıbel Da., 4.ix.1954, Davis 24868! Tokat: between Tokat and Yıldızeli, Çamlıbel Da., 1500 m, 17.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7099! Sivas: Yıldızeli, Yıldız Da., around Gökkaya, 1430 m, 17.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7111! A8 Bayburt: between Bayburt & Trabzon, Soganlı Y. 2000 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6904! B5 Yozgat: Saraykent, around Güllük, 1265 m, 14.vii.2001 Dogan & Akaydın 6815! Akdagmadeni, near Pazarcık, 1250 m, 14.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6820! Kayseri: Develi, 10 km from Develi to Erciyes, on Erciyes road, 1880 m, 2.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6694! B6 Sivas: Tokat-Sivas yolu, 1270 m, 8.viii.2003, Dogan & Akaydın 8024! B7 Erzincan: between Sivas and Erzincan, 2160 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6875! C4 Antalya: Elmalı, 2100 m, Dogan & Akaydın 7611! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Inflorescence 20–35 × 0.8–1 mm, linear, triquetrous, green, margins ciliolate-scabridulous SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. This species was accepted as the synonym of A. ulicinum ssp. lycaonicum by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982), but the outcome of this study has shown that its longer spikelets (14–15 mm) and calyces (13– 14 mm) differentiate it from the other species. The record from Elmalı (Antalya) seems worthy of further investigation. 22. A. anatolicum Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 140: 443–448 (2002). Type: ‘[Turkey] A3 Ankara: Kus Cenneti between Çayırhan and Nallıhan, deep gypseous sandy soil on mountain slopes, 500 m, 19.viii.2000, Dogan 2007, 2008, 2009 & Akaydın (holo. ANK!).’ Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This endemic species looks similar to A. strigillosum, which grows in Hekimhan (Malatya), but its shorter leaves (5–12 mm), small scale numbers (4–5), denser spikes with 6–12 spikelets, and puberulent hairy bracts distinguish it from the other species. 23. A. strigillosum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 299 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Malatya: 3 km north of Hekimhan, very eroded hillsides, 1100 m, [2.ix.1954], Davis & O. Polunin, D. 24828 (holo. E! iso. K!).’ East Anatolia. B6 Malatya: between Darende and Hekimhan, 1250 m, 3.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6744! Around Karadere village, 1240 m, 21.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7062! Between Hekimhan and Kuluncak 7 km from Hekimhan, 1200 m, 17.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7137a! B7 Erzincan: around Sahran, 1530 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6860! Sivas: between Zara and Divrigi, 17 km from Zara, 1450 m, 9.viii.2003, Dogan & Akaydın 8038! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 24. A. ulicinum (Willd. ex Schultes) Boiss in DC., Prodr. 12: 627 (1848). Syn.: A. androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 73 (1846). 1. Calyx light brown or fleshy coloured ....................... ........................................................... var. purpurascens 1. Calyx white coloured 2. Leaves 5–8 mm long; leaves and bracts pubescent ............................................. var. creticum 2. Leaves 8–20 mm long; leaves and bracts glabrous............................................... var. ulicinum var. ulicinum Syn.: Statice ulicina Willd. ex Schultes, Syst. 6: 798 (1820); S. androsacea Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2,20: 250 (1843); S. pauciflora Jaub & Spach, loc. cit. (1843). S. tournefortii Jaub. & Spach (1853); A. androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 73 (1846); Acantholimon tournefortii (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 12: 627 (1848); A. libanoticum Boiss. var. ulicinum (Willd. ex Schultes) Boiss. in DC., loc. cit. (1848); A. echinus sensu Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 840 (1879) quoad desc. excl. basionym, non (L.) Boiss., loc. cit. (1848). Ic: Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. 1: t. 90 (1853). Type: ‘in Oriente (Limonium orientale caryophylli folio acutissimo, floribus velut in capitulum congestis, [calyce albo acaulon], Tournefort (holo. B-Willd., iso. P-Tourn. 3129!).’ South, West and Central Anatolia: A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da., viii.1874, Pichler 15! (the type of A. olympicum) ibid., Aucher 2508! (the type of A. androsaceum), B1 Balıkesir: Kaz Da., Sint. 15.vii.1883: 425! (the type of A. trojanum), B2 Izmir: Boz Da., 1500–2100 m, 21.vi.1939, Davis 282! (E), B3 Afyon: Kasaba (Suhut), 1200 m, Tchihatchef, B4 Ankara: Elma Da., 1200 m, Balls 154, C2 Denizli: above Geyran Y., Boz Da., 1800– 2100 m, Davis 13360!, C3 Isparta: Sütçüler, 1600 m, 10.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6525!, 6532!, Egirdir, Barla Da., 1750 m, Khan et al. 399! C4 Karaman: between Hadim & Beyreli, 1950 m, 21.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7209! 7214! C5 Içel: between Arslanköy and Ayrancı, 2100 m, Dogan & Akaydın 7170! Nigde: near Demirkazık, Ala Da., 1800–1900 m, Findlay 75a! South Albania, Greece, Crete. East Mediterranean element. Threat Category: LC. var. purpurascens (Bokhari) Bokhari & Edmondson, Davis (ed.) Flora of Turkey, 7, 498 (1982). Syn.: A. androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. purpurascens Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] C3 Isparta: Sütçüler (Isauria), Dedegöl Da., above Dedegöl tarn, 2500 m, [3.viii.1949] P. H. Davis 16012 (holo. E! iso. K!).’ South-west Anatolia: C2 Mugla: Sandras Da., 2000 m, 16.vii.1947, Davis 13530!, 2000 m (6–7) 1968 Quézel et al.!, C3 Antalya: Tahtalı Da., 2000–2300 m, 16.viii.1947, Davis 14143!, C4 Karaman: Ermenek, Balkusan village, 1750 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6509! © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 21. A. yildizelicum Akaydın, Nordic J. Bot., 22: (6) 679–682 (2002). Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Sivas: Yıldızeli, Çamlıbel Mountain, Çamlıbeli pass, in open Acantholimon, Astragalus, and Festuca steppe, 1700 m, 17.viii.2001, Akaydın 7100 (holo. ANK!).’ Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This endemic species is the only Acantholimon species with cream to yellow petals. 407 408 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN Endemic. East Mediterranean element. Threat Category: CR. var. creticum (Boiss.) Bokhari & Edmondson in Davis (ed.) Flora of Turkey, vol. 7: 498 (1982). Syn.: A. androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. creticum Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 1(7): 73 (1846); A. creticum (Boiss.) Rech. fil., Öst. Bot. Zeitschr. 84: 180 (1935). Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). subsp. longiscapum (Bokhari) Dogan & Akaydın, comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. puberulum var. longiscapum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). 25. A. puberulum Boiss. & Bal. in. Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(4): 62 (1859). 1. Scapes shorter than leaves; inner bracts completely hyaline .............................................. subsp. puberulum 1. Scapes longer than leaves; inner bracts narrowly hyaline on margin 2. Bracts and leaves glabrous ...... subsp. peroninii 2. Bracts and leaves hairy ...... subsp. longiscapum Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Konya: S. Karance Dere between Geyik Dag and Bozkır, 830 m, 2.ix.1947, Davis 14630 (holo. E! iso. K!).’ Central Anatolia. B3 Eskisehir: Sündiken Da., 1400 m, Ekim 718! C4 Karaman: between Hadim & Beyreli, 1950 m, 21.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7206! Basyayla between Hadim & Alanya, 2000 m, 21.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 7212! Between Ermenek and Anamur, Taseli Y., 1600 m, 13.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6574! Basyayla, Turansah Da., 1850 m, 24.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6520! Ermenek, Balkusan village, 1600 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6504! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. subsp. puberulum, comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. puberulum Boiss. & Bal. var. glabrum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). ssp. peroninii (Boiss.) Akaydın & Dogan comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. peroninii Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 842 (1879). Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Kayseri: in regione alpina montis Aslandach Cappadociae ad orientem montis Argaei (Arslantas, north-east of Bey Da.) Balansa [599] (holo. G!).’ Central and East Anatolia. A5 Amasya: Kaisari, Karababa, near Ak Da. 2000–2200 m, Bornm. 1890: 1233! A8 Gümüshane: Aktas, Sint. 1894: 6249! B4 Ankara: between Ankara and Kırıkkale, 650 m, 15.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7068! Konya: Kulu, between Ankara and Cihanbeyli, 1000 m, 10.ix.1949, Davis 16677! B5 Yozgat: 4 km east of Sorgun, 1410 m, Hub.-Mor. 14462! B6 Sivas: Yıldızeli, Çamlıbel, 1700 m, 17.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7144! Maras: Berit Da., Hausskn. (the type of A. cataonicum)! B7 Elazıg: Hazar Da., 2050 m, 4.vii.2001 Dogan & Akaydın 6759! Sivas: Kızıldag, 2150 m, Lamond 5053! B7 Erzincan: around Imranlı, 1820 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6858! B8 Erzurum: Karakaya Da., 15 km north of Hinis, 2450 m, 20.viii.1967, Watson Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Karaman: Hab. In montibus Ciliciae Tracheae inter Ermenek et Mout, Peronin 199!’ South Anatolia. B3 Isparta: between Egirdir & Aksehir, 1700 m, 16.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7618!, C2 Burdur: Altınyayla, Dirmil pass, 1400 m, 11.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6550! Antalya: Altınyayla, Mamatlar village, 2100 m, 22.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7233! Elmalı, Çamçukuru Y., Bey Da., 1750 m, 28.vii.1960, Khan et al. 315! (the type of var. glabrum). C3 Antalya: Beydagları, 2060 m, 26.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7435! Between Finike and Elmalı, Hördübek Y., 1650 m, 15.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7597! C4 Karaman: Oyuklu Da., 1800 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6503! Konya: between Ermenek and Mut, Toros Da., 900–1200 m, Péronin 199! (the type of A. peroninii). C5 Içel/Adana: Kızıltepe, 2800 m, viii.1895, Siehe 285! Içel: Arslanköy, near Dümbelek bogazı, 1900 m, 20.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7164! C6 Kahraman- © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Syntype: ‘[Crete] in montibus altioribus Cretae, Sibthorp; ibid., Sieber.’ Central and South Anatolia: B4 Ankara: between Ankara and Kırıkkale, 57 km from Ankara, 670 m, Buttler & Bothmer 22549! C2 Antalya: Altınyayla, Kızılcadag, Mamatlar village, 1750 m, 22.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7227! C4 Karaman: between Hadim and Alanya, 2000 m, 21.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7213! Antalya: Alanya, Geyik Da., 2500 m, 31.viii. 1947, Davis 14543! C5 Içel: between Arslanköy and Ayrancı, 2200 m, 20.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7171! Crete. East Mediterranean element. Threat Category: LC. et al. 3698! B9 Van: Near Çuh, 20 km north-west of Baskale, 2800 m, Watson et al. 3662! B10: Agrı: between Dogubeyazıt and Diyadin, 1070–1220 m, Hewitt 173! C1 Mugla: Tekke Da., 1900 m, 1968. Quézel et al.! C4 Karaman: between Karaman and Mut, Avlama Da., Sertavur pass, 1700 m, 5.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6414! Ermenek, Balkusan village, 1750 m, 23.viii.2000 Dogan & Akaydın 6507! C10 Hakkari: Mor Da., 3450 m, Watson et al. 3644! North Iraq. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. maras: Çardak, Kandil Da., 2200 m, 25.vii.1952, Davis 20272! (as A. peroninii). Endemic. Mediterranean element. Threat Category: LC. Bokhari & Edmondson (1982) recognized the presence of the two varieties that have been given subspecies status, together with A. peroninii Boiss., for the first time. 27. A. birandii Dog an & Akaydın, in Nordic J. Bot., 21: 481–484 (2001) Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Karaman: On the road to Bucakkısla, 23 km from Karaman, 1350 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan 2081 & Akaydın (holo. ANK!).’ Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 28. A. confertiflorum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 295, fig. 1 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Konya: Bozkır, on calcerous soil, 1100 m, [7.ix.1949], P. H. Davis 16600 (holo. E!). Central Anatolia. C4 Konya: Bozkır, 1220 m, 2.ix.1947, Davis 14603! Ibid. 1300 m, 24.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6528! Karaman: between Ermenek and Anamur, 1300 m, 13.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6569! Around Pınarbasi, between Karaman and Hadim, 1350 m, 21.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7192! Sertavur Pass, 1450 m, 24.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6516! Karaman, on Bucakkısla road, 1300 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6492! Around Kılbasan, 1100 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6485! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. This species is closely related to A. dianhtifolium, which grows in south-east Anatolia, and can be recognized by its longer leaves (3–5 cm), shorter scapes (5–7 cm), and dense spikes. 29. A. reflexifolium Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 297 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Van: Van–Baskale, Halanduran Da., 20 km from Baskale, 3000 m, [26.viii.1956], McNeill 657 (holo. E! iso. K!).’ Central and east Anatolia. A6 Sivas: Yıldız Da., Sarıyer, 1700 m, 14.viii.1967, Tobey 2348! B5 Kayseri: Develi, near Bakırdag village, 7.viii. 2000, 2000 m, M. Öztekin! B6 Sivas: Yıldız village, 2000 m, 17.iii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7126! B9 Van: Erek Da., 2340 m, 18.vii.1954, Davis 22929!; Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 30. A. caesareum Boiss. & Bal. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(4): 66 (1859). Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Kayseri: in regione subalpina monits Alidagh prope Caesaream (Kayseri) Cappadociae, [1220 m], Balansa [946] (holo. G!).’ Central Anatolia. A4 Ankara: 57 km from Ankara to Çankırı 1120 m, Buttler 21565! Çankırı: 21 km from Çankırı to Kastamonu, 1430 m, Buttler 15574! Çankırı, around Sarayköy, between Çubuk and Eldivan 900 m, 21.viii.2000 Dogan & Akaydın 6479! A6 Sivas: near Karabayır, 1910–1930 m, Buttler 20372! A7 Sivas: above Susehri, 2000 m, 26.viii.1957 Davis 32697! Gümüshane: Stavri, 2285 m, Balls 520! B5 Kayseri: Develi, 1880 m, 2.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6699! Erciyes Da., 2170 m, Çetik 4166! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 31. A. caryophyllaceum Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1 (7): 78 (1846). Ic: Fl. Armenii 2: t. 153 (1956). Type: ‘[Iraq] monte Gara, 3.vii.1841, Kotschy 368 (holo. G!, iso. K!).’ East Anatolia. A8 Gümüshane: South of Soganlı Da., above Bayburt, 1700 m, 4.viii.1957, Davis 32119! Erzurum: between Pasinler and Narman, 2160 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6927! A9 Kars: 8 km from Akçay to Cumaçay, 1650 m, 17.vii.1966, Davis 46807! B6 Sivas: near Yıldız village, 2000 m, 17.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7114! B7 Tunceli: Munzur Da., above Ovacık, Aksu Deresi, 1600 m, 21.vii.1957, Davis 31446! Elazıg: Sivrice, Hazar Da., 1850 m, 4.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6758! B8 Erzurum: between Erzurum and Askale, 35 km west of Erzurum, 1700 m, 4.viii.1965, Lamond 2593! Bingöl: between Bingöl and Elazıg, Kuruca pass, 1880 m, 21.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7061! Erzincan: between Erzincan and Tercan, 1600 m, 3.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7462! B9 Van: between Narlıca and Bahçesaray, 2200 m, 5.viii.1986, J.C. Archibald 8007! Gevas, Artos Da., 2300 m, 20.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7037! Bitlis: 15 km south-west of Tatvan, 1900 m, 9.vii.1966, Davis 46124! Adilcevaz, Süphan © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 26. A. karamanicum Akaydın & Dogan, Israel J. Plant Sci, 50: 67–71 (2002). Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Karaman: between Basyayla and Taskent, Turansah Da., calcareous mountain slopes in open Quercus cerris scrub, 1600 m, 24.viii.2000, Akaydın 6518 & Dogan (holo. ANK!).’ Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This local endemic species is confined to higher altitudes on the Toros Mountains and looks similar to A. confertiflorum and A. birandii. It can be distinguished from the former by its shorter leaves (10– 30 mm), calyces (9–10 mm), and calyx limb diameter (4–6 mm). It differs from A. birandii by its longer flowers (10–12 mm), shorter outer bracts than inner ones, and longer calyces (9–10 mm). 409 410 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN 32. A. acerosum (Willd.) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1 (7): 80 (1846). Syn.: Statice acerosa Willd., Ges. Natur, fig. Neue Schr. 3: 420 (1801). 1. Outer bract reddish, equal to inner bracts; lower leaves strongly reflexed .......... subsp. brachystachyum 1. Outer bract greenish, shorter than inner bracts; lower leaves not reflexed 2. Inner bracts longer than calyx tube; bracts densely calcareous punctate..................................... .......................................... subsp. longibracteolorum 2. Inner bracts equal to calyx tube; bracts slightly calcareous punctate ...........................ssp. acerosum subsp. acerosum Syn: A. acerosum (Willd.) Boiss. var. acerosum Bokhari in Davis, Fl. of Turkey, 7, 487 (1982). A. assyriacum Boiss. var. micracme Náb. & Bornm., Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk Brno 3: 420 (1929). 1. Leaves shorter than 18 mm; inner bracts up to 8 mm .................................................... var. parvifolium 1. Leaves at least 20 mm; inner bracts longer than 9 mm ........................................................ var. acerosum var. acerosum Type: ‘[E. Turkey] (Limonium orientale frutescens caryophyllifolio in aculeum rigidissimum abeunte), Tournefort.’ Anatolia (except south-east Anatolia). A3 Bolu: around Abant Lake, 27.vii.1937, B. Post! A4 Ankara: 57 km from Ankara to Çankırı, 1120 m, Buttler 21564! A5 Çorum: Kös Da., 500 m, 30.vii.1967, Watson 3520! A6 Sivas: Yıdız Da., Çırçır, 1500 m, 17.ix.1967, Tobey 2345! A7 Giresun: Sebinkarahisar, 5.ix.1952, Davis 20459! A9 Erzurum: Pasinler, between Erzurum and Agrı, near Aras river, 1600 m, 3.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7478! Kars: 26 km from Benli Ahmet to Kagızman, 1870 m, 16.vii.1966, Davis 46652! B3 Afyon: between Bolvadin and Emirdag, 1200 m, 16.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7621! B4 Ankara: Sereflikoçhisar, near Tuz gölü, 930 m, 24.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7431! B6 Sivas: Yıldızeli, Çamlıbel pass, 1800 m, 14.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6829! B7 Erz- incan: above Cimin, Kesis Da., 1900–2100 m, 26.vii. 1957, Davis 31722! B10 Igdır: Dogubeyazıt–Çaldıran road, 50 km from Dogubeyazıt, 2200 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6984! C2 Denizli: Boz Da. Between Abbas and Geyran Yayla, 1650 m, 16,vii.1947, Davis 13316! C3 Burdur: 3 km west of Burdur, 1020 m, Hub.Mor. 8168! C4 Konya: 35 km from Konya to Beysehir, 1510 m, Buttler & Uzunoglu 13648! C5 Nigde: above Demirkazık, 28.viii.1965, Findlay 128! West Syria, north Iraq, Armenia, north-west Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. var. parvifolium Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] B6 Maras: above Göksun, top of pass, 1070 m, [22.viii.1969], Darrah 711 (holo, E!).’ South-east Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. subsp. brachystachyum (Boiss.) Dogan & Akaydın comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. acerosum (Willd.) Boiss. var. brachystachyum Boiss. Fl. Or. 4: 838 (1879); A. tchihatcheffii Fisch. & Mey., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 1: 30 (1843); A. phrygium Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 79 (1846); A. pinardii Boiss., loc. cit. (1846); A. listoniae Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 12: 631 (1848); A. acerosum (Willd.) Boiss. var. pinardii (Boiss.) Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon: 179 (1964). Ic: Tchihat., Asie Min. Bot., Atlas t. 36 (1860). Type: Numerous Turkish syntypes. West and central Anatolia. A3 Ankara: Nallıhan, on Istanbul road, 600 m, 19.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6425! B1 Manisa: Sipylus (Manisa Da.) above Manisa, Bal. 1854, 284! B3 Konya: Sultan Da. above Aksehir, 1000–1100 m, Bornm. 1899: 5511! B4 Konya: near Kulukessi, 1030 m, Tchihatcheff (as A. pinardii), B6 Tokat: Çamlıbel Da. 14 km north of Yıldızeli, 1400 m, 30.vii.1977 McPhail & Watson 5752! C2 Burdur: Gölhisar, Güre Da., 1260 m, 11.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6541! C3 Isparta: South of Egridir, Hub.-Mor. 8166! C4 Konya: Kara Da., Andrasovszky 573! C5 Içel: Gülek Kale, Kotschy 1853: 99! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. subsp. longibracteolorum Dogan & Akaydın, subsp. nov. A typo bracteolis e calycibus tubus longioribus differt. Type: ‘[Turkey]: B3 Eskisehir: Sündiken Dagı, 400– 500 m, 22.vi.1974, Ekim 923! (holo ANK!).’ Central Anatolia. A4 Kastamonu: 20 km from Ilgaz to Kursunlu, 1000 m, 28.vi.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6636! A5 Kastamonu: between Kastamonu and Tosya, 1000 m, 15.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Da., Sütay Yaila, 2500 m, 20.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7051! Kuskunkıran pass, 2200 m, 1.viii.1986, J.C. Archibald 7967! Agrı: between Akçay & Cumaçay, 1700 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6967! B10 Igdır: between Dogubeyazıt and Çaldıran, 2200 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6979! C9 Hakkari: Cilo Da., between Cilo Yaila and Diz Deresi, 2340 m, 10.viii.1954, Davis 24271! C10 Hakkari: Betweeen Yüksekova & Daglıca, 1900 m, 19.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7017! Armenia, north Iraq, north and west Iran. IranoTuranian element. Threat Category: LC. SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 7075! B6 Sivas: Zara, near Emre village, 1300 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6848! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. Bokhari & Edmondson (1982) recognized three varieties under this species, but the current research findings support the recognition of three subspecies, one of which, subsp. longibracteolorum subsp. nov., appears to be new. Paratype: B5 Nevsehir: between Avanos–Hacıbektas, 6 km from Avanos, clay stone slopes, 950 m, 20.viii.2000, Dogan 2053 and Akaydın! Central Anatolia. Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This local endemic species looks like A. confertiflorum with its rather dense spikes, but differs by its short leaves (13–32 mm), cilliate leaf margins, exserted scapes (40–60 mm), numerous scales (5–6), and more flowers (8–14) in each spike. 34. A. armenum Boiss. & Huet. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(4): 64 (1859). 1. Leaves 2–3 mm wide; outer bract longer than inner ones ..........................................................var. armenum 1. Leaves up to 1.5 mm wide; outer bract equal to inner ones or slightly shorter .................var. balansae var. armenum Syn.: A. baltanense Boiss. & Hausskn. in Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 838 (1879)! Type: ‘[Turkey B8] Erzurum: prope Erzurum, [vii.1853], Huet du Pavillon (holo. G!, iso. K!).’ South and east Anatolia. A8 Gümüshane: near Bayburt, Bourgeau 1862: 235! Erzurum: between Narman and Oltu, 1600 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6932! A9 Kars: around Kafkas University, 1860 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6949! B5 Kayseri: between Develi and Bakırdag, 1360 m, 2.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6703! Between Kayseri and Tomarza, 1450 m, 1.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6692! B6 Sivas: around Yıldızeli, 8.ix.1957, K.H. Rechinger 15228! B8 Erzurum: Pasinler plain, 1700 m, 3.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7469! C5 Konya: Eregli (Allahverdi) viii.1905, Azn.! Içel: Gülek Kale, 1400 m, vi.1896, Siehe 405! C6 Maras: Berit Da., 1865, Hausskn.! Adana: above Hasanbeyli, G. Post! West Syria, Armenia, north Iraq. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. var. balansae Boiss. & Huet in Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2(4): 64 (1859). Syn.: A. balansae (Boiss. & Huet) Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 36 (1872); A. haussknechtii Bunge, op. cit. 37 (1872)! Type: ‘[Turkey] B5 Kayseri: in jugo Aslan dach (Aslantas) Antitauri 12 leucis (48 km) ad orientem Caesareae in Cappadocia, 1856, Balansa (holo. G!).’ South and east Anatolia. B4 Ankara: Sereflikoçhisar, 1150 m, 30.vi.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6653! B5 Aksaray: Aksaray–Nevsehir yolu, 1220 m, 1.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6657! B6 Sivas: Kangal, 3 km from Bögrüdelik to Behramcalı, 1750 m, Hub.Mor. 14466! B7 Erzincan: Ak Da., 1370 m, 1934, Balls 1508! C5 Içel: Arslan Köy, Göcekdere Bogazı, 2350 m, 20.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7280! C6 Maras: Ahır Da., 900 m, vii.1865, Hausskn.! (the type of A. haussknechtii) Hatay: north of Belen, G. Post!. Adıyaman: Ak Da., between Malatya and Adıyaman, 2745 m, vii.1865, Hausskn.! Armenia. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. This species is closely related to A. acerosum, but differs by its shorter scapes (3–7 cm) and smaller spikelets (7–8 mm). 35. A. lepturoides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1(7): 77 (1846). Syn.: Statice lepturoides Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 20: 254 (1843)! Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon fig. 43 (1964). Type: ‘Described from the vicinity of Tibilisi (P).’ East Anatolia. A8 Erzurum: between Narman and Oltu, 1400 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6937! A9 Ardahan: between Oltu and Ardahan, 1300 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6939! Armenia. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: NT. 36. A. kotschyi (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 74 (1846). Syn.: Statice kotschyi Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 20: 252 (1843)! A. kotschyi (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., subsp. laxispicatum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 299 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] C5 in Monte Tauro, Aestate 1836, Kotschy [416] (holo. P, iso. K!).’ South and central Anatolia. B4 Konya: between Eskil and Aksaray, 870 m, 20.vii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6444! B5 Nevsehir: Göreme, 10 km west of Ürgüp, 1000 m, 3.viii.1956, McNeill 409! Nevsehir: Kılıçlar village, 1150 m, 1.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6666! Between Avanos and Kayseri, 1000 m, © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 33. A. avanosicum Dogan & Akaydın, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 138: 365–368 (2002). Type: ‘[Turkey] B5 Nevsehir: between Avanos– Hacıbektas, 3 km from Avanos, clay stone slopes, 950 m, 20.viii.2000, Dogan 2052 and Akaydın. (holo. ANK!).’ 411 412 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN 37. A. iconicum (Boiss.) Boiss. & Heldr., Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 839 (1879). Syn.: Acantholimon kotschyi (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. iconicum (Boiss.) Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 12: 628 (1848)! Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Konya: Konya yakınları, Sille, vi.1846, Heldr.! (E).’ North and central Anatolia. A7 Gümüsane: between Gümüshane and Bayburt, 1360 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6896! Between Bayburt and Ispir, 1570 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6901! B4 Ankara: Bala, 1050 m, 28.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7451! B5 Kayseri: Develi, around Saraycık, 1675 m, 23.viii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7642! Nevsehir: Ihlara valley, around Kılıçlar village, 1150 m, 1.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6665! B6 Kayseri: between Kayseri and Gürün, 1800 m, 2.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6722! Kahramanmaras: Göksun, above Keklikoluk village, 2400 m, 18.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7152! Malatya: between Hekimhan and Darende, 1600 m, 21.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7064! B7 Erzincan: Egin (Kemaliye), Kainartschar, 13.vii.1890, Sintenis 2968! Kelkit, Kolçekmez Da., 1775 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6882! Between Erzincan and Sivas, Sakaltutan Pass, 2160 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6878! B8 Erzurum: Askale, Kop Pass, 1950 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6917! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: EN. This species was included in A. kotschyi in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Bokhari & Edmondson, 1982), but the research findings support its recognition as an independent species. In A. iconicum, the outer bract is longer than the inner ones, but A. kotschyi has equal bracts. 38. A. halophilum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 297, fig. 2(B) (1970). 1. Calyx limbs white .......................... var. halophilum 1. Calyx limbs pink ............................... var. coloratum var. halophilum Type: ‘[Turkey] B4 Konya: 10 km from Halkenli to Cihanbeyli, 1000 m, salt steppe in sand, [17.vi.1962], Dudley, D. 35931 (holo. E! iso. K!).’ Central Anatolia. B4 Konya: Cihanbeyli, Acıtuz lake near Kırkısla, 900–1000 m, 8.ix.1949, Davis 16628! Between Cihanbeyli and Tuzla, 900 m, 26.vi.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6615! Ankara: Serflikoçhisar, near Tuz Gölü, 930 m, 4.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7408! Aksaray: between Aksaray and Emirgazi, 1200 m, 21.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7365! C3 Konya: 21 km from Beysehir to Konya, 1100 m, 15.vi.1962, Davis 35848! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. var. coloratum Dogan & Akaydın var. nov. A typo calycibus limbo roseus differt. Type: [Turkey] B4 Konya: between Cihanbeyli and Tuzla, near Tuz Gölü, 950 m, 21.vi.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7398 (holo. ANK!). Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. 39. A. lycaonicum Boiss. & Heldr. in DC., Prodr. 12: 627 (1848). Syn.: A. ulicinum (Willd. ex Schultes) Boiss. subsp. lycaonicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bokhari & Edmondson, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 299 (1970). 1. Bracts hairy ................................ subsp. lycaonicum 1. Bracts glabrous ...................... subsp. cappadocicum subsp. lycaonicum Type: ‘[Turkey] C4 Konya: inter Beyshehr (Beysehir) et Koniah (Konya) Lycaoniae, Heldreich (holo. G!).’ South and central Anatolia. A4 Çankırı: near Tukht, 1500 m, Czeczott 195! Kırıkkale: between Elmadag and Kalecik, 800 m, 15.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7069! C2 Antalya: Altınyayla, Mamatlar village, 1850 m, 22.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7230! Burdur: Seki, Zorlar village, 1500 m, 11.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6551! C3 Isparta: between Sütçüler and Egirdir, Tota Da., 1500 m, 10.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6531! C4 Karaman: Karadag, 2250 m, 23.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6486! C5 Nigde: Aladaglar, between Sokulu and Yedigöller, 2100 m, 28.vii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6394! Endemic. East Mediterranian element. Threat Category: NT. subsp. cappadocicum Dogan & Akaydın subsp. nov. A typo bracteis glabris differt. Type: ‘[Turkey] A4 Çankırı: Kalecik, Karabasan Da., 850 m, 21.viii.2000, Dogan and Akaydın 6474. (holo. ANK).’ Central Anatolia. A4 Ankara: between Kalecik and Çankırı, Karabasan Da., 850 m, 21.viii.2000, Dogan & © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 1.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6683!, B6 Malatya: between Elbistan and Darende, 13.vii.1906, G. & B. Post! C3 Konya: 19 km from Beysehir to Konya, 1210 m, Hub.-Mor. 8169! C5 Nigde: between Ulukısla and Maden, Bolkar Da., 1580 m, 18.vii.1995, Z. Aytaç 7122! Içel: between Aslanköy and Ayrancı, 2350 m, 20.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7181! C6 Maras: Ahir Da., G. Post! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 40. A. damassanum Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon 306, fig. 55 (1964). Syn.: A. damassanum Mobayen var. lancibracteatum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 300 (1970). Type: ‘[Anti-Lebanon] Syria, Gabal Hisa (Nebek prope Damascus), 1676 m (‘1800 m’), 21.vi.1943, [P.H. Davis] 6451 (holo. K! iso. E!).’ East Anatolia. B6 Malatya: 3 km from Darende to Hekimhan, 1250 m, 3.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6738! Between Gürün and Darende, 1300 m, 3.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6729! B7 Erzincan: foot of Kesis Da. above Cimin, 1700 m, [26.vii.1957], Davis 31676! (the type of A. damassanum var. lancibracteatum), Diyarbakır: 3 km north-west of Ergani, 1200 m, Iter Leydense, 27.v.1959, 1471! Malatya: 12 km east of Malatya towards Elazıg, 850 m, Hub.-Mor. 10243! Elazıg: near Harput, 1320–1390 m, Hub.-Mor. 10242! Syria, Anti-Lebanon. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 41. A. hohenackerii (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 75 (1846). Syn.: Statice hohenackeri Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. III: 251, tab. 92 (1843)! Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon fig. 58 (1964). Type: ‘Crescit in provincia Talysch in collibus apricis in tractu Suwant alt. 4000 ped., Julio florens, Hohenacker (P).’ East Anatolia. B9 Van: between Van & Özalp, 2000 m, 4.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7520! Güzeldere pass, 2700 m, 8.viii.1986, J.C. Archibald 8059! Iran, Armenia. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 42. A. saxifragiforme [Hausskn. & Sint. ex] Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 32: 74 (1972). Syn.: A. saxifragiforme Hausskn. & Sint. in Sched.; A. saxifragiforme Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon 307, fig. 56 (1964), nom. illegit. Type: ‘[Turkey] B7 Diyarbakır: 5 km north of Ergani, calcareous hillsides, 1000 m, [2.vi.1957], Davis & Hedge, D. 29022 (holo. BM, iso. E!).’ East Anatolia. B7 Elazıg: Harput, around graveyard, 1500 m, 4.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6752! Near Buzlu Magaraları, 1570 m, Dogan & Akaydın 6754! near Erbilli village, 1475 m, 3.vi.2001, Karaveliogulları 3015! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. The specimens of Alava 7159 and Iter Leydense 1959:1471 were identified as A. saxifragiforme (Bokhari & Edmondson, 1982), but they appeared to be incorrect identifications. The specimen of Alava 7159 from Ürgüp has been identified as A. venustum, and the other specimen collected from Diyarbakır by Iter Leydense appears to be a new record of A. damassanum. 43. A. glumaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 75 (1846). Syn.: Statice glumacea Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2,20: 251 (1843)! Ic: Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. 1: t. 91 (1844); Planchon, Fl. des Serres 7: 95 (1851–2). Type: ‘[Turkey] East Anatolia (Limonium armenum humilius caryophylli folio angustiori non aculeato, flore spicato suave rubente), Tournefort (holo. PTourn. 3130).’ [Probably collected from Agrı Da.]. East Anatolia. A8 Bayburt: between Bayburt & Erzurum, 1700 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6910! Erzurum: between Erzurum and Tortum, c. 27 km from Erzurum, 1950 m, 29.vii.1966, Davis 47530! A9 Kars: between Arpaçay & Çıldır, 1850 m, 17.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6947! B8 Erzurum: west of Kandilli, 1520 m, 27.viii.1966, Archibald 3267! B9 Agrı: between Akçay & Cumaçay, 1700 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6968! Armenia. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. This species is distributed only in north-east Anatolia, and the specimens cited from central Anatolia are all identified as A. wiedemannii. The specimens Siehe 1895: 285 and Darrah 298, both identified as A. glumaceum in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982), appear to be incorrect identifications. Siehe’s specimen is identified as A. puberulum, and Darrah’s specimen is found to be a typical A. caesareum. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Akaydın 6482!, 30 km from Çankırı to Kastamonu, 1250 m, 15.viii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7073! Between Ilgaz and Kursunlu, 1000 m, 28.vi.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6633! Çankırı: between Çerkes and Orta, Saçakbeli pass, 1450 m, 21.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6472! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: NT. This species was first described from Konya, but later, in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, placed under A. ulicinum as a synonym by Bokhari & Edmondson (1982) because of its short scapes that might have caused some confusion. In this species, calyx veins are exserted and bracts are pinkish in colour. This species may also be confused with A. hypochaerum, from which it differs by its denser cushion formation, shorter leaves (11–15 mm), and smaller spikelets (9–10 mm). The populations of this species collected from central Anatolia have glabrous bracts. Therefore, they are treated as ssp. cappadocicum Dogan & Akaydın. 413 414 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN equal to the calyx tube. This species also resembles A. petraeum, but differs by its narrow leaves (1.0– 1.3 mm), and shorter scapes and spikes (4–5 cm). Type: ‘[Lebanon] in regione media Libani ad Cedros et in declivitate orientali circa Aiente, Aucher 2507 (holo. G!, iso. K!).’ South-east Anatolia. B6 Kahramanmaras: Nurhak, near Tatlar, 2200 m, 9.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7578! Göksun, around Güneyoluk, 2100 m, 9.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6787! C5 Adana/Nigde: Aladaglar, Demirkazık, between Karayalak and Narpız valley, 2000–2100 m, 22.vii.1984, Güven Görk, Per Hartvig & Arne Strid 23813! C6 Adana: Bahçe, Düldül Da., Atlık Yaila, 1700–1800 m, 26.viii.1949, Davis 16370! Maras: Ahır Da., 1700–1900 m, 8.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6784! Adana: Kozan, Feke Da., Görpiyez Yaila, 1700 m, Dogan & Akaydın 6197! Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon. East Mediterranean element. Threat Category: VU. 47. A. spirizianum Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon 304 (1964). Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Van: prope Van, in declivibus Buskal (Ispiris Dagh), 2700 m, 31.vii.1954, Davis & O. Polunin, D. 23678 (holo. K! iso. E!).’ East Anatolia. B9 Van: Baskale, Ispiriz Da., 2600 m, 31.vii.1954, Davis 23620! Between Gürpınar and Baskale, Esentepe Pass, 2800 m, 19.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7009! B10 Igdır: between Dogubeyazıt and Çaldıran, 2200 m, Dogan & Akaydın 6980! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 45. A. parviflorum (Bokhari) Akaydın & Dogan, comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. caryophyllaceum Boiss. var parviflorum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30: 299 (1970). Type: ‘[Turkey] B9 Van: 34 km from Gürpınar (Havasor) to Hosap, dry stony hills, 2150 m, 3.vii.1966, P.H. Davis, D. 45970 (holo. E! iso. K!). East Anatolia. B7 Erzincan: between Mutu and Tercan, 4 km east of Hosap, 1180 m, Hub.-Mor. 11546! B9 Van: 34 km from Gülpınar (Havasor) to Hosap, 2150 m, [3.vii.1966], P. H. Davis, D. 45970! (the type of A. spirizianum var. multiflorum), between Van and Gürpınar, 10 km from Van, 2100 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7535!, around Hosap, 2050 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7539! B10 Igdır: between Igdır and Dogubeyazt, near Karabuluk, 1600 m, 4.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7505! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. Type: ‘[Turkey] A5 Sinop: Boyabat, 350 m, bare eroded hills, [24.vii.1962], Davis, Coode & Yaltırık, D. 38043 (holo. E!).’ Central Anatolia. A3 Ankara: between Beypazarı and Nallıhan, 500 m, 19.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6427! A4 Ankara: between Ayas and Nallıhan, near Acısu, 500 m, 19.viii.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6417! Çankırı: between Çankırı and Tosya, around Suluca, 700 m, 24.ix.2000, Dogan & Akaydın 6594! A5 Sinop: between Hanönü and Boyabat, around Salar village, 330 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7076! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: CR. This species was placed under A. caryophyllaceum as a variety in Flora of Turkey, but it seems quite different. For the first time, it is given species status because of its rather small calyx (10–11 mm), glabrous inner bracts, and veins colourless to light pink. 46. A. senganense Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 20 (1872); Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon fig. 42 (1964) Type: ‘Persia borealis inter Chorum-derreh, Sultanieh et Sengen, Bunge & Bienert (P).’ East Anatolia. B10 Igdır: between Dogubeyazıt and Çaldıran, 2200 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan and Akaydın 6977! Iraq. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: NT. This species is closely related to A. venustum, but differs by its excurrent veins and inner bracts 48. A. multiflorum (Bokhari) Dogan & Akaydın, comb. et stat. nov. Syn.: A. spirizianum Mobayen var. multiflorum Bokhari, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 32: 70 (1972). 49. A. araxanum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18 (2): 33 (1872). Ic. Mobayen, Revis. Taxon. Acantholimon, fig. 59 (1964). Syntype: ‘In apricis siccis ad Araxem et in districtu, Choi provinciae atropatannae, Persiae boreali-occidentalis, Szovits. [G! P, W].’ East Anatolia. A9 Erzurum: between Horasan and Kagızman, 1200 m, 3.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7492! Kars: between Kars and Kagızman, around Kötek, 1400 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6952! Igdır: around Dogubeyazıt, 1500 m, 11.viii.2003, Dogan & Akaydın 8101! Iran (West Azerbaijan province). Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: NT. 50. A. fominii Kusn., Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersbg. 32, 3: 186 (1902). Type: ‘In region. steppos. Transcauc. Orient. In Eldar et Bas-dagh. (LE).’ © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 44. A. libanoticum Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 12: 630 (1848). Syn.: A. caryophyllaceum Boiss. var. brachystachyum Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 79 (1846). SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. East Anatolia. B9 Van: between Van and Baskale, 2100 m, 6.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7538! Iran (West Azerbaijan province). Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. 52. A. venustum Boiss., Diagn. ser.1(7): 80 (1846). Ic. Mobayen, op. cit. t. 41 (1964). Syn.: Statice dianthifolia Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2(20): 253 (1843). 1. Scape and bracts covered by dense hairs ................ ...............................................................var. assyriacum 1. Scape hairy; bracts glabrous ............ var. venustum var. venustum Type: ‘[Turkey C5] in Tauro Cilicico, Aestate 1836 Kotschy 414, (holo. G!, K!).’ South, east, and central Anatolia. A6 Sivas: Zara, 11 km from Serefiye to Susehri, 1900 m, Hub.-Mor. 14472!, A7 Gümüshane: between Gümüshane and Bayburt, 1730 m, 16.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6898! B5 Kayseri: Develi, 26.vi.1952, D. 19178! B6 Malatya: between Gürün and Darende, 1525 m, 19.vi.1954, Davis 21870! Sivas: between Sivas and Zara, 1300 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6846! Kayseri, Sarız, Dokuzdolambaç Pass, 1890 m, 2.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6718! B7 Erzincan: 2 km north of Refahiye, 1550 m, Hub.-Mor. 16274! Between Erzincan and Sivas, Sakaltutan Pass, 2160 m, 15.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6872! B9 Bitlis: Adilcevaz, Süphan Da. Sütay Yaila, 2650 m, 20.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7057! C2 Antalya: near Elmalı, 1250–1350 m, Hub.-Mor. 8469! Antalya, Elmalı vi.1860, Bourgeau 249! Elmalu in arvis incultis petrosis, 20.vi.1860, Bourgeau 295! (the type of A. venustum var. laxiflorum) C3 Antalya: 26 km from Elmalı to Korkuteli, 18.vi.1966, Alava & Bocquet 5254! Between Korkuteli and Elmalı 21 km from Elmalı, 1270 m, 14.vi.1954, Hub.-Mor 8470! C5 Nigde: Anti-Taurus, 4000 ft. south-west of Kayseri, 15.vii.1960, Furse et Synge 909! Maden, 1829 m, 1.viii.1969, J. Darrah 427! Aladag, around Çamardı, 1600 m, 22.vii.1967, R.W. Cutler 5A! Adana: Karaisalı, Toros Da., south-west of Pozantı, 1450–1500 m, Hub.Mor. 16273! C6 Kahramanmaras: 25 km from Maras to Göksun, 690 m, Hub.-Mor. 14468! C7 Diyarbakır: Karacadag, 5600 ft, 3.vii.1952, E.S. Brown 625! C8 Mardin: Mardin, 25 vi Sint. 1888: 890! West Syria, North Iraq, West Iran. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: LC. var. assyriacum (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 832 (1879). Syn.: A. assyriacum Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(7): 81 (1846). Type: ‘[Turkey C8] in Assyria inter Diarbekir et Mardin, Kotschy [313] (holo. G!, iso. W, K!).’ East Anatolia. B6 Kahramanmaras: Nurhak, Tatlar, 1700 m, 9.vii.2002, Dogan & Akaydın 7576! Sivas: 12 km north of Zara, 1700 m, 12.vii.1971, JSA et al. 2220! B7 Malatya: 10 km from Ismet Pasa to Gündüzbey, 1400 m, Hub.-Mor. 9130! C7 Adıyaman: Kahta, Nemrut Da., Hand.-Mazz. 2139! Endemic. Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: VU. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank the Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (E) for making available the duplicates of Davis’ material of Acantholimon, for providing herbarium facilities, and for sending some of the types on loan; the authorities of the Sibbald Trust at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh for a 1-month grant to G.A.; the Directors of the Conservatiore et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genéve and Kew (K) for making their herbarium facilities available; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; TBAG2195 and TBAG-1781); the Middle East Technical University (METU) Research Fund for their financial assistance to this study; and Mr A. Sargın from the Ministry of Forestry and Environment in Ankara for his drawings of the species. Thanks are also due to the following Turkish herbaria (ANK, GAZI, HUB, ISTF, EGE, and FUH) for making their herbarium material available. REFERENCES Akaydın G. 2004. A new species of Acantholimon Boiss. Sect. Staticopsis Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from North Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 22(6): 679–682. gan M. 2002. A new species of Acantholimon Akaydın G, Dog Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from Western Taurus Mountains of Turkey. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 50: 67–71. Boissier E. 1846. Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum, Series 1 7: 69 (July–October). Boissier E. 1879. Flora orientalis, Vol. 4. Basle: Reg. Acad. Scient., 823–854. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 51. A. petraeum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. ser. 7, 18(2): 28 (1872). Type: ‘[Turkey] B8 Mus: Prov. Mus, In rupestribus trachiticis supra Gochkar, 6800′, Kotschy 379 (W).’ East Anatolia. B8 Erzurum: between Ilıca & Tercan, 1900 m, 10.vii.1957, Davis 30901! Palandöken Da., 20–23 km from Çat to Erzurum, 2350 m, 27.vii.1966, Davis 47356! Mus: south-west of Bingöl Da., 1900 m, 10.vii.1966, Davis 46204! B9 Bitlis: Adilcevaz, Süphan Da., 2650 m, 20.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 7053! B10 Igdır: between Dogubeyazıt and Çaldıran, 2200 m, 18.vii.2001, Dogan & Akaydın 6981! Iran (West Azerbaijan province). Irano-Turanian element. Threat Category: NT. 415 416 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN gan M, Akaydın G. 2003b. An undescribed species of AcanDog tholimon Boiss. Sect. Staticopsis Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from Turkey. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 51: 231–236. gan M, Akaydın G. 2004. Three new species with two flowDog ered spikelets in Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae) from East Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144: 497–505. gan M, Akaydın G. 2005. A new species of Acantholimon Dog Boiss. sect. Glumaria Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from Elazıg, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 149: 351– 356. gan M, Duman H, Akaydın G. 2003. Taxonomy and Dog conservation status of Acantholimon laxiflorum Boiss. ex Bunge (Plumbaginaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany 27: 447–452. IUCN. 2001. Red list categories, Version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland/Cambridge, UK: IUCN Species Survival Commission. Komarov VL, ed. 1967. Flora U.R.S.S, Vol. 18. (English translation). Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. Mobayen S. 1964. Revision taxonomique du genre Acantholimon. Thesis, Université de Montpellier, France. Moore DM. 1972. In: Tutin TG, Heywood V, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA, eds. Flora Europaea, Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 30. gan M, Bilgin CC. 2001. Numerical taxoMuvaffak A, Dog nomic study of the genus Acantholimon Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) in Ankara Province. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 49: 297–300. Post GE. 1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. Beirut: American Press, 510–511. Rechinger KH, Schiman-Czeika H. 1974. Flora Iranica: Plumbagınaceae. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt No: 108. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Bokhari MH. 1970. Materials for a Flora of Turkey XXII. Plumbagynaceae. Notes Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 30: 295–304. Bokhari MH. 1972a. Synopsis of Plumbaginaceae in Turkey. Notes Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 30: 57–77. Bokhari MH. 1972b. A brief review of stigma and pollen types in Acantholimon and Limonium. Notes Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 32: 79–84. Bokhari MH, Edmondson JR. 1982. Acantholimon Boiss. In: Davis PH, ed. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 478–502. Brummitt RK, Powell CE, eds. 1992. Authors of plant names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Bunge A. 1872. Die Gattung Acantholimon Boiss. Mem. de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, VII. Serie, t 27 f. 8: 1–72. Davis PH, ed. 1965. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1–3. Davis PH, Heywood VH. 1973. Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Kieger Publishing Co, 558. gan M, Akaydın G. 2001. A new species of Acantholimon Dog Boiss. (A. birandii. sp.nov.). (Plumbaginaceae) from the Central Anatolian Steppe in Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 21(5): 481–484. gan M, Akaydın G. 2002a. A new species of Acantholimon Dog Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 138: 365–368. gan M, Akaydın G. 2002b. A new species of Acantholimon Dog Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) from Ankara, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 443–448. gan M, Akaydın G. 2003a. Two new species of AcantholiDog mon sect. Staticopsis. (Plumbaginaceae) from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 40: 53–58. SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 417 INDEX OF TAXA Page number Acantholimon acerosum (Willd.) Boiss. var. acerosum var. brachystachyum Boiss. var. pinardii (Boiss.) Mobayen ssp. acerosum var. acerosum var. parvifolium Bokhari ssp. brachystachyum (Boiss.) Dogan & Akaydın ssp. longibracteolorum Dogan & Akaydın A. anatolicum Dogan & Akaydın A. androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. creticum Boiss. var. purpurascens Bokhari A. araxanum Bunge A. armenum Boiss. & Huet. var. armenum var. balansae Boiss. & Huet A. artosense Dogan & Akaydın A. assyriacum Boiss. var. micracme Nab. & Bornm. A. avanosicum Dogan & Akaydın A. balansae (Boiss. & Huet) Bunge A. baltanense Boiss. & Hauskn. A. bashkaleicum Dogan & Akaydın A. birandii Dogan & Akaydın A. bracteatum (Girard) Boiss. var. bracteatum var. capitatum (Sosn.) Bokhari A. caesareum Boiss. & Bal. A. calvertii Boiss. var. calverti var. glabrum Akaydın & Dogan var. sanguineum Mobayen A. capitatum Sosn. ssp. capitatum ssp. sivasicum Dogan & Duman A. caryophyllaceum Boiss. var. brachystachyum Boiss. var. parviflorum Bokhari A. confertiflorum Bokhari A. creticum (Boiss.) Rech. fil. A. curviflorum Bunge A. damassanum Mobayen var. lancibracteatum Bokhari A. dianthifolium Bokhari A. echinus sensu Boiss. A. ekimii Dogan & Akaydın A. evreni Dogan & Akaydın A. fominii Kusn. A. glumaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. var. glabra Mobayen A. göksunicum Dogan & Akaydın A. halophilum Bokhari var. halophilum var. coloratum Dogan & Akaydın 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 407 407 408 407 414 411 411 411 401 410 411 411 411 401 409 401 401 401 409 403 403 403 403 401 401 401 409 414 414 409 408 402 413 413 402 407 404 402 414 413 404 405 412 412 412 © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Name of taxon 418 M. DOGAN and G. AKAYDIN INDEX OF TAXA Continued Page number A. haussknechtii Bunge A. hohenackerii (Jau. & Spach) Boiss. A. hoshapicum Dogan & Akaydın A. huetii Boiss. var. breviscapum Akaydın & Dogan var. huetii A. hypochaerum Bokhari A. iconicum (Boiss.) Boiss. & Heldr. A. karamanicum Akaydın & Dogan A. kotschyi (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. ssp. laxispicatum Bokhari var. iconicum (Boiss.) Boiss. A. köycegizicum Dogan & Akaydın A. latifolium Boiss. A. laxiflorum Boiss. ex Bunge A. lepturoides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. A. libanoticum Boiss. var. ulicinum (Willd. ex Schultes) Boiss. A. listoniae Boiss. A. lycaonicum Boiss. & Heldr. ssp. cappadocicum Dogan & Akaydın ssp. lycaonicum A. multiflorum (Bokhari) Dogan & Akaydın A. parviflorum (Bokhari) Akaydın & Dogan A. peroninii Boiss. A. petraeum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Bunge A. petuniiflorum Mobayen A. phrygium Boiss. A. pinardii Boiss. A. puberulum Boiss. & Bal. ssp. longiscapum (Bokhari) Dogan & Akaydın ssp. peronii (Boiss.) Akaydın & Dogan ssp. puberulum var. glabrum Bokhari var. longiscapum (Bokhari) Dogan & Akaydın A. quinquelobum Bunge var. curviflorum (Bunge) Dogan & Akaydın var. quinquelobum A. reflexifolium Bokhari A. saxifragiforme [Hausskn. & Sint. ex] Bokhari A. scabiosum Mobayen A. senganense Bunge A. sintenisii Hausskn. A. spirizianum Mobayen var. multiflorum Bokhari A. splendidum Bunge A. strigillosum Bokhari A. tchihatcheffii Fisch. & Mey. A. tragacanthinum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. A. tournefortii (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. A. turcicum Dogan & Akaydın A. ulicinum (Willd. ex Schultes) Boiss. ssp. lycaonicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bokhari & Edmondson var. creticum (Boiss.) Bokhari & Edmondson 411 413 401 404 404 404 403 412 409 411 411 412 403 402 402 411 414 407 410 412 412 412 414 414 408 415 401 410 410 408 408 408 408 408 408 402 402 402 409 413 401 414 403 414 414 401 407 410 402 407 406 407 407 407 © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Name of taxon SYNOPSIS OF TURKISH ACANTHOLIMON BOISS. 419 INDEX OF TAXA Continued Page number var. purpurascens (Bokhari) Bokhari & Edmondson var. ulicinum A. venustum Boiss. var. assyriacum (Boiss.) Boiss. var. laxiflorum (Boiss. ex Bunge) Bokhari var. venustum A. wiedemannii Bunge A. yildizelicum Akaydın Statice acerosa Willd. S. androsacea Jaub. & Spach S. bracteata Girard S. dianthifolia Jaub. & Spach S. glumacea Jaub. & Spach S. hohenackerii Jaub. & Spach S. kotschyi Jaub. & Spach S. lepturoides Jaub. & Spach S. pauciflora Jaub. & Spach S. tournefortii Jaub. & Spach S. tragacanthina Jaub. & Spach S. ulicina Willd. ex Schultes 407 407 415 415 402 415 406 407 410 407 401 415 413 413 411 411 407 407 402 407 © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 397–419 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/154/3/397/2420293 by guest on 29 May 2020 Name of taxon