Journal of Systematics and Evolution
47 (3): 202–219 (2009)
doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00022.x
Notes on the family Brassicaceae in China
1
Dmitry A GERMAN
1
2
∗
2
Wen-Li CHEN
(Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia)
(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China)
Abstract A critical revision of the collections of Brassicaceae in some Chinese (PE, XJA, XJBI, XJFA, XJNM,
XJU) and foreign (LE, P) herbaria is made. One genus, Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey., and 11 species, Alyssum
szarabiacum Nyár., Barbarea stricta Andrz., Erysimum czernjajevii N. Busch, Erysimum kotuchovii D. German,
Erysimum mongolicum D. German, Lepidium karelinianum Al-Shehbaz, Matthiola superba Conti, Neurotropis
platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey., Ptilotrichum dahuricum Peschkova, Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge, and
Smelowskia micrantha (Botsch. & Vved.) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, are reported from China for the first time. Six
species, Aphragmus involucratus (Bunge) O. E. Schulz, Dontostemon perennis C. A. Mey., Goldbachia torulosa DC.,
Lepidium amplexicaule Willd., Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J. Léonard, and Parrya stenocarpa
Kar. & Kir., are confirmed to occurr in China. Five species, Dontostemon integrifolius (L.) C. A. Mey., Draba
zangbeiensis L. L. Lou, Lepidium alashanicum H. L. Yang, Sinapis arvensis L., and Strigosella brevipes (Bunge)
Botsch., are reported as novelties for some provinces in China, and Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. occurs in
Xinjiang, China. However, the occurrence of one genus, Pseudoarabidopsis Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price, and four
species, Draba huetii Boiss., Eutrema halophilum (C. A. Mey.) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, Galitzkya spathulata
(Steph. ex Willd.) V. Bocz., and Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price, could not be
confirmed in China. The occurrence of six species, Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz, Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.,
Lepidium latifolium L., Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey., Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch., and Strigosella
scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch., is not confirmed in certain provinces of China. All names follow the latest taxonomic
treatment for relevant groups; detailed morphological descriptions of the newly recorded taxa are provided; and
distinguishing characters from related species already known in China are discussed. Other comments are provided
where needed.
Key words Brassicaceae, China, Cruciferae, distribution, new record.
While carrying out the programs “Joint investigation of Altay flora” (2004–2006) and “Investigation
of diversity and geography of plants in mountains of
northwest China” (2007), several Russian/Chinese expeditions in northwestern Xinjiang were organized. The
treatment of the collected material revealed some floristic novelties, including three genera and approximately
20 species of vascular plants found in China for the first
time (German et al., 2006; unpublished data, 2009). An
additional focus of our work was the taxonomy, diversity and geography of Chinese Brassicaceae. For this
purpose, the collections of some Chinese (PE, XJA,
XJBI, XJFA, XJNM, XJU) and foreign (LE, P) herbaria
of the family Brassicaceae were critically revised. Taxonomical novelties resulting from this revision are given
elsewhere (German, 2008b) and floristic results are reported in the present paper. Among them, one genus and
11 species are recorded from China for the first time and
∗
Received: 16 September 2008 Accepted: 9 March 2009
Author for correspondence. E-mail: d_german@inbox.ru; Tel: 7-3852367327; Fax: 7-3852-670928.
six species are confirmed as occuring in China. However, the occurrence of one genus and four species in
China is not confirmed. The distribution of another 11
species (presence or absence in some provinces) is updated.
1 Newly recorded genus
Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84(5–
6): 452. 1973. —— Thlaspi L. sect. Neurotropis DC. in
Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2: 377. 1821. Lectotype species:
N. orbiculata (Steven ex DC.) F. K. Mey. (Meyer, l.c.:
452).
dddd dd
Annuals, glabrous throughout, glaucous. Stems
erect, usually branched. Leaves entire; basal ones rosulate, shortly petiolate, ovate to suborbicular, soon
withering. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-cordate or oblong, base cordate-amplexicaul, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels stout, divaricate, usually straight. Flowers
minute, white. Fruit a few seeded silicle, broadly obcordate to suborbicular, apex deeply emarginate, broadly
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
winged throughout, wing prominently veined; style obsolete. Seeds ovoid, smooth, not margined.
Meyer (1973) separated Neurotropis and 10 other
genera from Thlaspi L. s.l., but his treatment was not
accepted by most authors when they treated Thlaspi s.l.
for various Eurasian “Floras” (Koch & Mummenhoff,
2001). Recently some of Meyer’s genera, including Neurotropis, have been supported by extensive molecular
studies (summarized in Koch & Mummenhoff, 2001;
Al-Shehbaz, 2002; Al-Shehbaz et al., 2006). Together
with Noccaea Moench and Microthlaspi F. K. Mey.,
Neurotropis was included in a new tribe Noccaeeae AlShehbaz, Beilstein & E. A. Kellogg (Al-Shehbaz et al.,
2006) that is only remotely related to Thlaspideae DC.
The genus comprises three species, two of which
are endemic to the Caucasus and E Turkey and the third,
Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey., is
widely distributed from the Middle East through Iran,
the Caucasus and Middle Asia to W Himalayas (Meyer,
2001). It is reported from China (Xinjiang) for the first
time in this paper. Morphological differences between
N. platycarpa and the other Chinese representatives of
Thlaspi s.l. are discussed below.
2
Newly recorded species
1. Alyssum szarabiacum Nyár. in Bull. Grad. Muz.
Bot. Cluj 18(1–4): 97. 1938. Type: [East Kazakhstan].
Semirechenskaya province: Lepsinsky distr., range
Tarbagatai, Sarabiik peak, alpine meadow and tundra,
1915-07-16; V. Sapozhnikov & T. Tripolitova s.n. (holotype, TK!; isotypes, LE!, TK!).
ddddd dd
Herbs perennial, cespitose, 10–15(20) cm tall,
woody at base, canescent throughout with sessile, 10–
20-rayed stellate trichomes. Stems ascending, several
from caudex, sterile shoots usually present. Cauline
leaves subsessile or with a petiole to 7 mm long, abaxially silvery, adaxially greenish; leaf blade oblongobovate to broadly obovate, spathulate, (0.4)0.8–
1.6 cm × (1.5)2.5–6 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded
or obtuse, rarely subacute. Racemes corymbose,
scarcely elongated in fruit, in a dense panicle terminating each stem. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, (2)3–5 mm,
slender, straight, uniformly stellate. Sepals oblong, 1.8–
2.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, persistent until fruit maturity, stellate outside. Petals yellow, broadly spathulate, (3)3.5–
4(4.5) × 1.2–2 mm, glabrous, caducous, base attenuate,
apex obtuse or rounded. Filaments 1.8–2.5 mm long;
median pairs unilaterally broadly winged, apically 1toothed; lateral pair with a lanceolate or narrowly ob
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long basal appendage, apically obtuse or subacute; anthers oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm long. Ovules 1–2 per locule.
Fruit rhomboid to broadly rhomboid, 3.5–4.5(5) × 2.5–
3.5 mm, apex obtuse; valves not veined, scarcely inflated above seeds, moderately pubescent with stellate
trichomes; style (1.5)2–2.8 mm long, slender, glabrous.
Seeds 1–2 per locule, ovate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm,
compressed, not margined.
Distribution: NW China, E Kazakhstan. Rocky
slopes. Alt. 1250–1800 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Emin (dd), Anonymous 29; Anonymous 324 (XJBI, sub nom. Alyssum
dasycarpum Steph. ex Willd.).
Alyssum szarabiacum is most closely related to A.
obovatum (C. A. Mey.) Turcz. It differs from the latter
species by a combination of corymbose inflorescences
not or slightly elongated in fruit, sepals persistent until fruit maturity and rhomboid to broadly rhomboid,
moderately pubescent silicles (Nyárády, 1949; German,
2003). Specimens of A. obovatum usually have inflorescences more or less elongated in fruit, caducous sepals
and broadly elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, densely
canescent silicles. Although sometimes separate characters typical for A. szarabiacum occur in some specimens of the highly polymorphic A. obovatum, the above
combination is unknown in the latter species. Additionally, A. szarabiacum generally has bigger flowers and
longer styles.
For a long time the species was not recognized in
any floras, but recently its rank has been re-established
(German, 2003). In addition to the morphological differences, A. szarabiacum is separated from A. obovatum geographically and ecologically. Alyssum szarabiacum has a very local distribution, being restricted to
the southern slope of Tarbagatai (German, 2003, fig. 2)
where it grows on rocks in the middle and lower parts
of the higher mountain belt. In contrast, the southern
distribution limit of A. obovatum is the northern slope
of Tarbagatai and the species occurs in various kinds of
petrophytic habitats at different altitudes; it has not yet
been found in Xinjiang (Zhou et al., 2001).
In addition to the above new record, one more
species of the section Odontarrhena (C. A. Mey.) C.
Koch, Alyssum fedtschenkoanum N. Busch, should be
included in the flora of China (German, 2003). The
latter species was mentioned in the Flora RPS (An,
1987a: 125), but no specimens were found to confirm
its distribution in China (Zhou et al., 2001). However,
the locus classicus of A. fedtschenkoanum (Akkum and
Blandykum sands at the left bank of the river Alkabek (right tributary of Irtysh) on the border with Kazakhstan) is situated in China and the species is still
only known from a very few gatherings confined to
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Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
that small area (German, 2003: 51, fig. 2). Therefore,
A. fedtschenkoanum is endemic to China and not to
Kazakhstan as stated by Zhou et al. (2001) and its occurrence in Kazakhstan where it was previously reported
as widely distributed in the northeast part of the country (Vassilyeva, 1961, 1969) still needs confirmation
(German, 2003).
2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. in Bess., Enum. Pl. Volhyn.:
72. 1822. Type: Podolia (lectotype, designated by Dorofeyev, 1996, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & St. Petersburg)
81(3): 132, LE!; isolectotypes, LE!, KW).
dddd dd
Herbs biennial or perennial, (30)50–100 cm tall.
Stems erect, angled predominantly in the upper part,
glabrous throughout, simple or few branched above
middle. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, petiole (1)3–6(8) cm, glabrous or ciliate basally; leaf blade
(1.5)2–5(8) cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid with (1)2–3(4)
lobes on each side of rachis, rarely unlobed; lateral
lobes oblong or ovate, 2–10(15) × 1–4(6) mm, entire;
terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones, up to
5 × 3.5 cm, broadly elliptic, margin entire or shallowly
crenate. Middle cauline leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid,
short petiolate to subsessile, with 1–3(6) oblong or
ovate, entire lateral lobes to 1.6 × 0.8 cm; terminal
lobe much larger than lateral ones, up to 5 × 3.5 cm,
broadly elliptic or ovate, entire, crenate, repand, or
rarely dentate. Uppermost leaves coarsely toothed or
crenate-repand, sessile, ovate, lateral lobes often absent; all cauline leaves conspicuously auriculate, with
ovate to narrowly oblong ciliate entire auricles. Racemes
ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals yellow, oblong, 2.5–2.8 × ca. 1 mm, erect, margin scarious, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals light yellow,
oblanceolate, rounded, (3)3.5–4.5 × 1–1.2 mm, attenuate to base. Filaments yellow, 3–4.2 mm long; anthers
oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long. Fruiting pedicels erect or erectascending, (2)3–5 mm long, terete or subquadrangular,
glabrous, stout, slightly narrower than fruit. Fruit linear, 2–3.5 cm × 1.2–1.5 mm, terete-subquadrangular,
torulose, erect, usually appressed to rachis; valve apex
obtuse to subacute; style stout, 0.5–1 mm. Seeds brown,
ovate or oblong, 1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1 mm, uniseriate, somewhat plump, wingless.
Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey,
Kazakhstan, NW China, Russia (European part, W
and E Siberia), N Mongolia. Moist grassland, swamp,
meadow. Sea level to 2000 m.
China. Xinjiang (d d): Habahe (d d d),
Anonymous 10253 (XJBI); Tacheng (dd), Z. Z. Xu
et al. (d d d d) 93–401 (XJA); Xinyuan (d d),
Anonymous 650450 (XJBI, sub nom. B. orthoceras
Ledeb.); Zhaosu (dd), Anonymous 650579 (XJBI,
sub nom. B. orthoceras).
Barbarea stricta is the closest relative of B. orthoceras Ledeb., which is known from several provinces
of N and E China. The former species differs from
the latter in having smaller flowers with sepals 2.5–
2.8 mm long, petals (3)3.5–4.5 mm long and shorter
fruits 2–3.5 cm long appressed to the rachis even at
maturity. In contrast, B. orthoceras has sepals (2.7)3–
3.5 mm long, petals (4)4.5–6 mm long and fruits 3–5 cm
long (rarely shorter) that are usually erect-ascending
and not appressed to the rachis at maturity. B. stricta
is also characterized by less dissected leaves, which
usually have 1–3(6) lateral lobes, whereas leaves in
B. orthoceras develop 2–6(10) lateral lobes. The two
species occupy similar habitats (moist forests or grassy
slopes, ditches, streamsides, river banks on the plain
or the forest belt in the mountains) but are separated
geographically: B. stricta is distributed from Europe
to W Siberia with its easternmost occurrence in the
western part of E Siberia; B. orthoceras is an E Asian
species extending to N America. The new records from
Xinjiang correspond to the SE distribution limit of B.
stricta.
Excluding the two specimens of B. stricta cited
above misidentified as B. orthoceras, all other samples
of “B. orthoceras” from Xinjiang actually represent Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton. Obviously, B. orthoceras
does not occur in Xinjiang (see below).
3. Erysimum czernjajevii N. Busch in Fl. USSR 8: 115.
1939. —— E. divaricatum Czern. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Moscou 27(4): 304. 1854. (non Wallr., 1840). Type:
In arenosis Songoriae ad radicem montium Arganaty
[Karelin & Kiriloff , 1841] (lectotype, LE!, designated
by German & Ilyinskaya, in litt.; isolectotypes, LE!,
MW!).
dddd dd
Herbs biennial, occasionally short-lived perennial,
(20)40–50(65) cm tall. Trichomes primarily malpighiaceous, 3–5(6)-fid ones also present. Stems erect, stout,
much branched from the middle, usually angled, densely
to moderately covered in the lower half with malpighiaceous trichomes, glabrescent above or sometimes
throughout. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 1–7 cm, persistent after leaf withering; leaf blade linear, linearlanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, (2)4–8(10) cm ×
(3)5–8(11) mm, flat, base attenuate, margin entire, apex
acute and often somewhat curved, pubescent with
malpighiaceous trichomes mixed with fewer 3-fid ones;
sometimes 3-fid trichomes are as numerous as 2-fid
ones and single 4-fid trichomes also present. Cauline
leaves shortly petiolate to sessile, entire, progressively
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
smaller upward. Racemes corymbose, densely flowered, ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels strongly divaricate, often horizontally reflexed in fruit, (3)4–11 mm, thickened, slightly narrower
than fruit, straight or nearly so, glabrescent, with few
2–3-rayed trichomes. Sepals oblong-linear or oblong,
5–7 × 1–2.5 mm, moderately to slightly pubescent with
malpighiaceous and 3-fid trichomes, greenish, distally
often purplish, pale margined, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow, oblong-obovate or narrowly elliptic,
spathulate, (0.7)0.8–1(1.3) cm × (1.5)1.8–2(2.5) mm,
apex rounded, glabrous; claw distinct, subequaling or
longer than sepals. Stamens 4–7 mm; filaments of median ones uniformly dilated; anthers linear-sagittate, 2–
2.5 mm. Fruit narrowly linear, terete-4-angled, 4–8.5 cm
× 1–1.5 mm, divaricate to horizontally reflexed, straight
or slightly curved; valves slightly pubescent outside
with (2)3–4(6)-fid trichomes, glabrescent, glabrous inside; style obsolete or to 1 mm, cylindric, narrower than
fruit; stigma capitate-bilobed. Seeds oblong, brown, 1–
1.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm.
Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, N
Kyrgyzstan, N Turkmenistan. Sandy desert, gentle
gravely slopes. Alt. 200–1200 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Yumin (dd), Anonymous Zao 48 (XJBI, sub nom. E. hieracifolium L.);
Tacheng (dd), H. L. Fen & Kelimu 352 (XJBI, sub
nom. E. diffusum Ehrh.).
Erysimum czernjajevii is a distinct species that can
be easily distinguished from other Chinese representatives of the genus by a combination of the following
characters: biennial life form; basal leaves with persistent petioles; ramose stem branching; horizontally or
nearly so reflexed siliques covered with many-branched
trichomes; and sparse indumentum on at least the upper half of stems, pedicels and fruits so that the whole
plant (except the leaves) usually appears glabrescent.
At anthesis E. czernjajevii is somewhat reminiscent
of Erysimum canescens Roth but even in this state it
can be immediately identified by the ovary covered
with (2)3–4(6)-fid trichomes, often considerable admixture of 3-fid trichomes on leaves, and glabrous petals
(0.7)0.8–1(1.3) cm × (1.5)1.8–2(2.5) mm. In contrast,
E. canescens is characterized by both ovary and leaves
covered with exclusively 2-fid (rarely occasional 3-fid)
trichomes and petals (1)1.2–1.5(1.7) cm × 2.5–3.5 mm
puberulent outside with malpighiaceous trichomes. E.
czernjajevii is widespread in the desert and semi-desert
zone of Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of N Kyrgyzstan and N Turkmenistan, where it grows primarily in
sandy or sometimes stony areas on the plain and at the
foothills. Chinese localities represent the eastern limit
of its range.
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205
4. Erysimum kotuchovii D. German in Turczaninowia
7(2): 14. 2004. Type: Kazakhstan. East-Kazakhstanian
province: Sarym-Sakty range, NW foothills, vicinities
of Chingistai, valley of Bukhtarma, sandy and gravely
deposits, 1984-07-16, Yu. A. Kotukhov s.n. (holotype,
ALTB!; isotype, Herbarium of Altai Botanical Garden,
Ridder, Kazakhstan!).
dddd dd
Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, covered
throughout with appressed trichomes. Stems erect, single or several at base, to 52 cm tall. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate; leaf blade linear-oblanceolate to linear
or narrowly linear, 30–70 × 2–4 mm, long-attenuate towards base, margin entire, longitudinally folded; cauline
leaves similar to the basal ones, the middle and upper leaves smaller, short-petiolate to sessile, all rather
densely covered with malpighiaceous and few 3-rayed
trichomes. Sepals pale yellow, 6–11 × 1.8–3.2 mm,
strongly saccate, narrowly pale-margined, pubescent
with malpighiaceous and 3-rayed trichomes. Petals yellow, glabrous, 12–19 × 4–7 mm, claw 8–12 mm long,
limb almost round. Stamens slightly tetradynamous, the
lateral 8–13 mm long, the median 9.5–15.5 mm long; filaments of the median stamens expanded to 1 mm width;
anthers linear, sagittate, 2–4.5 mm long. Pedicels (1)2–
5 mm long, in fruit (2.5)5–7 mm long. Siliques linear,
(14)24–39 × 1.5–2 mm, at base slightly (to 2.2 mm)
widened, 4–angled, erect, moderately covered with a
mixture of 3-fid and malpighiaceous trichomes oriented
transversely, or parallel, or obliquely to the length of the
silique (malpighiaceous trichomes of different orientation either mixed on one fruit, along the whole length
or in certain parts, or only one type present), sometimes with few 4-rayed trichomes; valves with prominent, green, slightly keeled midvein; septum narrowly
veined. Style slender, (3)4–6 mm long, with few 2- and
3-fid trichomes, stigma with divergent lobes 0.6–1 mm
long. Seeds 0.6–1.2 × 0.7 mm, ovate or elliptic, often
asymmetric, brown, biseriate, 30–40 per locule.
Distribution: NW China, NE Kazakhstan, NW
Mongolia. Steppe slopes, sandy and gravely deposits
on river banks. Alt. 1200–2400 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Fuhai (dd), G. L. Zhu
(ddd) et al. 6026 (PE, sub nom. Syrenia siliculosa
(Bieb.) Andrz.).
Erysimum kotuchovii is restricted to the southern
part of the Altai Mountains. Its relationships are discussed below together with the following closely related
species.
5. Erysimum mongolicum D. German in
Willdenowia 35(2): 307. 2005. Type: Mongolia.
Khobdo (Hovd) aimak, Mongolian Altai, valley of
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
Bodonchijn-gol, 30–35 km NE [settlement] Altai,
46◦ 05 N, 92◦ 31 E, alt. 1650–1700 m, sandy bottom
of dried stream between rocks, 2003-07-17. D. A.
German s.n. (holotype, ALTB!; isotypes, B!, LE!,
MW!, OSBU!).
dddd dd
Herbs biennial, covered throughout with appressed,
predominantly malpighiaceous trichomes. Stems erect,
few-branched, up to 60 cm tall. Leaves up to 80 × 8 mm;
blades linear-lanceolate, margin entire, basal (rosulate)
and lowermost cauline leaves with a petiole 2–3.5 cm
long, middle and upper cauline leaves short-petiolate
to subsessile, smaller and narrower, all moderately covered with malpighiaceous trichomes mixed with few
3-fid ones. Sepals pale yellow, 8–9 mm long, strongly
saccate at the base; the lateral sepals 3 mm wide, oblongovate; median sepals 1.8 mm wide, oblanceolate, narrowly pale-margined, pubescent with 2- and 3-fid trichomes. Petals yellow, glabrous, 14–18 mm long, claw
8.5–11.5 mm long, limb 5.5–6.5 mm wide, broadly elliptic or orbicular. Stamens slightly tetradynamous:
lateral ones 9–10 mm long, the median ones 10.5–
12 mm long; filaments of median stamens expanded to
1 mm width; anthers linear, sagittate, 2.5–4 mm long.
Pedicels 2–4 mm long, in fruit somewhat thickened
and 4.5–14 mm long. Siliques linear, (15)20–28 × 1.8–
2.2 mm, occasionally shorter, base slightly (up to 2.5–
2.8 mm) widened, very gradually narrowed towards
apex, strongly 4-angled, suberect, densely covered with
transversely oriented malpighiaceous trichomes intermixed with few 3-fid ones; valves with prominent,
green, slightly keeled midvein; septum narrowly veined.
Style (4)6–7(8) mm long, with few 2- and 3-fid trichomes; stigma with divergent lobes ca. 0.8 mm long.
Seeds 1.6–2.2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate, elliptic or oblongelliptic, mostly asymmetric, brown, biseriate, ca. 30 per
locule.
Distribution: NW China, W Mongolia. Desert,
dry sandy beds of temporary spring streams (“sairs”).
Alt. 1300–2000 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Qinghe (dd), Anonymous ATZ 147 (XJA, sub nom. Erysimum diffusum and
Syrenia macrocarpa Vass.).
The species occurs in the middle mountainous zone
of the southern slope of the Mongolian Altai and neighboring Junggar Gobi.
Both E. kotuchovii and E. mongolicum are closely
related to Erysimum siliculosum (Bieb.) DC., which
is rather common in sandy habitats of NW Xinjiang.
All three belong to the group of species unreasonably
treated by some authors as a distinct genus Syrenia Andrz. ex Bess. (e.g., Kuan, 1987; An, 1995). As well as
these three species, one more of this group, Erysimum
vassilczenkoi Polatschek, occurs in China and is worth
mentioning here. Although previous records of E. vassilczenkoi from China (Kuan, 1987, as S. macrocarpa
Vass.) have proved to be misidentifications of E. siliculosum (Zhou et al., 2001), the species has been recorded
from the sandy area along the river Alkabek and is still
known from three old gatherings confined to Akkum
and Blandykum sands (just as with A. fedtschenkoanum;
German, 2005). For further details, including distribution maps, voucher specimens of E. kotuchovii, E. mongolicum and E. vassilczenkoi, and also the morphological justification for uniting Syrenia with Erysimum L.,
the reader is referred to German (2005). The four Chinese representatives of the former genus Syrenia can be
distinguished as follows:
1a. Fruits (excluding styles) 5–16.5 mm long, shorter,
equalling or up to 2 times longer than styles. . . . .
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
. . . . . . . . . .2
1b. Fruits (excluding styles) (14)20–39 mm long
(rarely single fruits on a plant shorter), (2.5)3–
7 times longer than styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........................................
.........................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
2a. Fruits (excluding styles) 5–12(14) × 2–
3.5(4) mm; leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate,
(1)2–5(8) mm wide, apex mostly acute . . . . . . . . .
.........................................
.........................................
. . . . . . . . E. siliculosum
2b. Fruits (excluding styles) 15–16.5 × 3.5–
5.5(6) mm; leaves narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, up to 15 mm wide, apex rounded . . . . . . . .
.........................................
.........................................
. . . . . . . . E. vassilczenkoi
3a. Fruit valve surface silvery, completely covered
with very dense, exclusively transversally oriented
2-fid (or occasionally few intermixed 3-partit) trichomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........................................
. . . . . .E. mongolicum
3b. Fruit valve surface greenish grey, not completely
covered with a mixture of 2-fid trichomes of different orientation, 3- and rarely 4-partit trichomes
.........................................
.........................................
. . . . .E. kotuchovii
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
6. Lepidium karelinianum Al-Shehbaz in Novon
12(1): 8. 2002. (non Lepidium intermedium A. Richard.
1847). —— Stroganowia intermedia Kar. & Kir. in Bull.
Soc. Nat. Moscou 15(1): 162. 1842. —— Lepidium kirilowii Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 33(1): 130.
1860, nom. illeg. Type: In montosis apricis Alatau inter fluvios Baskan et Sarchan. 1841. Karelin & Kiriloff
1263 (lectotype, LE!, designated by Botschantzev, 1984,
Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 21: 81; isolectotypes, B!, LE!, M!,
MW!, TK!, W!, WU!).
ddddd dd
Herbs perennial, (30)40–70 cm tall, glabrous
throughout except for petiole margins of basal leaves,
these sparsely ciliate with simple trichomes. Stems
erect, stout, many branched above, rounded angular.
Leaves thick leathery, entire. Petiole of basal leaves
to 5(9) cm long, not winged, persisting in subsequent
years as fibrous remains; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, (3)7–18(24) × 1.5–5.5(7.5) cm,
with several palmate main veins more prominent abaxially, base attenuate, apex acute to subobtuse, margin
often undulate. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate
or oblong, base subamplexicaul with rounded auricles,
apex acute; lowermost to 15 × 5.5 cm, middle and upper ones progressively much smaller. Inflorescence lax,
paniculate. Fruiting pedicels thickish, 6–12 mm, angled, divaricate-ascending. Sepals deciduous, ovate to
broadly ovate, 2–3.5 × 1.2–3 mm, glabrous or with few
simple curved trichomes, with broad white margin and
apex. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 3.5–
5.5 × 2–2.5(3) mm, apex rounded; claw to 2 mm. Filaments white, 2–3 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.7–0.8 mm
long. Fruit obovate, (9)10–12(15) × 6–8 mm, obscurely
carinate, with distinct midvein and obscure lateral veins,
base and apex subacute; gynophore 0.1–0.3 mm long,
stout; style 0.4–0.8(1) mm long. Septum broadly lanceolate to elliptic, to 3.5 mm wide. Seeds brown, ovoid,
4–5 × 2–3 mm; cotyledons predominantly incumbent.
Distribution: NW China, E & SE Kazakhstan.
Sunny slopes, grassland. Alt. 600–1200 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Xinyuan (dd), Anonymous 84–122 (XJU, sub nom. Stroganowia brachyota
Kar. & Kir.).
Among Chinese Lepidium species, L. karelinianum
is most closely related to Lepidium brachyotum (Kar. &
Kir.) Al-Shehbaz with which it shares a robust habit,
thick rounded angular stems covered at the base with
fibrous petiolar remains of leaves of previous years, big
entire leathery leaves with subamplexicaul bases, and
comparatively big flowers, fruits and seeds. However, L.
karelinianum can be easily distinguished by its broadly
lanceolate to narrowly elliptic basal leaves to 18(24) cm
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207
long on unwinged petioles to 5(9) cm long, and by its
fruits (9)10–12(15) × 6–8 mm with seeds 4–5 × 2–
3 mm. In contrast, L. brachyotum has obovate-spathulate
or spathulate-orbicular basal leaves 3–8(12) cm long on
broadly winged petioles to 2(3) cm long, and fruits (5)7–
8 × 3–4.5(5) mm with seeds 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm.
Until recently, both species were treated as members of a distinct genus, Stroganowia Kar. & Kir. However, extensive molecular based studies (Mummenhoff
et al., 2001; 2009) along with the re-evaluation of morphological characters provide a sound base for a broader
concept of Lepidium that includes Stroganowia and
some other genera (Al-Shehbaz et al., 2002).
7. Matthiola superba Conti in Mém. Herb. Boiss. 18:
23. 1900. Type: Songarei. Schrenk (holotype, G).
ddddd dd
Herbs perennial, (20)25–60 cm tall, eglandular, tomentose throughout, more densely in the lower half,
with finely branched dendritic trichomes, at fruit maturity becoming less hairy or rarely subglabrescent;
simple trichomes sometimes present at the base of a
stem and on leaf petioles. Caudex simple to many
branched; stems single or several, erect, stout, usually simple, initially tomentose, later glabrescent in
the upper part or throughout. Basal leaves subrosulate; petiole 3–7 cm long; leaf blade broadly to narrowly ovate, obovate, or elliptic, sometimes oblonglanceolate, 3–9 × 1–5 cm, base cuneate, margin repand,
coarsely and irregularly sinuate-dentate, or pinnatifid to pinnatisect, with oblong-linear entire or dentate lobes, apex acute or sometimes obtuse, densely
to moderately tomentose, rarely glabrescent. Cauline
leaves similar to basal, on shorter petioles, uppermost
narrower and subsessile. Fruiting pedicels (1)2–5 mm
long, stout, ascending to suberect, pubescent. Sepals
linear, 9–11 × 2–2.5 mm, tomentose, bases of lateral
pair strongly saccate. Petals dark greenish-purplish to
brown-yellowish or brownish-yellow, dried usually becoming brown or brown-yellowish, (14)18–25(27) ×
3–4.5(5) mm; limb linear-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
somewhat crisped, 8–12 mm long, apex obtuse; claw
linear, usually slightly longer than limb. Median stamen
pair 9–10 mm long, lateral pair 7–7.5 mm long; anthers
linear, 3.5–4 mm long. Fruit narrowly linear, 6–10 cm ×
(2)2.5–3 mm, terete-flattened, slightly torulose, erect or
erect-ascending; valves moderately tomentose, with a
prominent midvein; style to 1 mm long; stigma capitatebilobed, lobes broad. Seeds elliptic or ovate, flattened,
ca. 3.5 × 2 mm; wing 0.3–0.7 mm wide.
Distribution: Kazakhstan, Russia (European part,
S Siberia). Desert grassland, dry steppes, open gravely
slopes, colored clays. Alt. 200–2000 m.
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Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
China. Xinjiang (dd): Bole (dd) (Bortala),
Xizhi Xinjiang Exped. (ddddd) 3943 (XJBI, sub
nom. Matthiola odoratissima (Pall. ex Bieb.) R. Br.);
Ürümqi (dddd), Anonymous 3175 (XJU, sub nom.
Matthiola stoddartii Bunge).
Matthiola superba is a highly variable species
in degree of leaf dissection, flower size, indumentum
composition (presence or absence of simple hairs) and
indumentum density. Plants may be silvery tomentose
except for the inflorescence, grayish-green and glabrescent mostly in the upper half, or green and subglabrous
throughout. The specimen from Bole mentioned and
illustrated in Flora Xinjiangensis as M. odorarissima
(An, 1995: 164–165) and later attributed to Matthiola
chorassanica Bunge ex Boiss. (Zhou et al., 2001) represents “typical” M. superba. This is easily distinguished
from M. chorassanica by denser indumentum in the
lower part of the plant than in the upper part, dentate to
pinnatisect (never entire) leaves 3–9 × 1–5 cm, petals
with linear-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate (not involute)
limb 3–4.5(5) mm wide, and subterete fruits (2)2.5–
3 mm wide. In contrast, plants of M. chorassanica are
uniformly densely tomentose, with sinuate to pinnatifid, often entire and never pinnatisect leaves (1)2–
4.5(6) × 0.5–2(2.4) cm, petals with linear, circinately
involute limb ca. 1.5 mm wide, and flattened fruits 1.5–
2.5(2.7) mm wide. Within China, M. chorassanica occurs in SW Xinjiang and in adjacent Xizang, whereas
M. superba is found only in NW Xinjiang (Tian-Shan
and the western part of Chinese Junggar).
8. Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey.
in Feddes Repert. 84(5–6): 452. 1973. —— Thlaspi
platycarpum Fisch. & Mey. in Fisch., Mey. & Avé-Lall.,
Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 7: 57. 1840. Type: Cult. in hort.
bot. Petrop. 1840 [seeds from Turkey, leg. Wiedemann]
(holotype, LE!; isotype, K).
Thlaspi kotschyanum Boiss. & Hohen. in Boiss.,
Diagn. Pl. Nov. I. ser. viii: 39. 1849. —— Neurotropis
kotschyana (Boiss. & Hohen.) Czer. in Vasc. Pl. USSR:
140. 1981. Type: [Iran], In mt. Elburs supra pagum
Passgala. 1843-05-06. Th. Kotschy. Pl. Pers. bor. 102
(holotype, G-BOISS; isolectotypes, B!, H, JE, K, W).
Thlaspi cardiocarpum Hook. fil. & Thoms. in J.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 176. 1861. Type: Afghanistan,
coll. 1838–40, Griffith, 1402 Cat. Griff., 1144 Journal 1492 (lectotype, K, following Meyer, 2001,
Haussknechtia 8: 49).
ddddd dd
Herbs annual, (2)5–30(35) cm tall, glabrous
throughout, glaucous. Stems erect, simple or branched.
Basal leaves short petiolate, petiole to 8 mm long; leaf
blade ovate or elliptic, 5–7 × 3–6 mm, base cuneate or
attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, soon withering.
Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-cordate or oblong, 0.5–
3.5(4) cm × 2–15(20) mm, base cordate-amplexicaul,
margin entire, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels 2.5–6 mm
long, stout, divaricate, straight. Sepals ovate or oblong,
(1)1.2–1.7 × 0.5–0.9 mm, not saccate, margin white.
Petals white, spatulate or oblong, (1.5)1.7–2.5 × 0.5–
1 mm, apex rounded. Filaments 0.9–1.7 mm long; anthers broadly ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm long. Ovules (4)5–
8(10) per ovary. Fruit broadly obcordate to suborbicular,
6–12 × 6–12 mm, base obtuse, apex deeply emarginate
and apical notch 2.5–3 mm deep; wings 3–4 mm wide,
apically nearly as wide as at base, prominently veined
throughout; style obsolete. Seeds yellow-brown, ovoid,
1.4–1.8 × 0.8–1 mm, smooth.
Distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, NW
China, SE Greece, N India, Iran, S Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, S Turkey, Uzbekistan,
SW Asia. Stony and gravely steppe slopes. Alt. 1500–
2700 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Yining (dd): A. Regel
s.n. (Sarybulak pr. Kuldscha, 4–6000 ft., 1878-04-22;
LE, sub nom. Thlaspi perfoliatum L.).
This species is most widely known in Asia under
the name Thlaspi kotschyanum (e.g., Vassilyeva, 1961;
Vinogradova, 1974; Yunussov, 1978), a species epithet
accepted in the most recent worldwide checklist of the
Cruciferae (Warwick et al., 2006b). However, we apply
the name N. platycarpa following the latest monograph
of this Thlaspi L. s.l. segregate (Meyer, 2001).
The genus Thlaspi was accepted in the Flora of
China, as in all previous Chinese and other Asian treatments, in a traditional (wide) sense. However, extensive molecular based studies have partly supported the
split of the genus into 12 genera proposed by Meyer
(briefly surveyed in Al-Shehbaz, 2002, and references
therein). Four of these segregate, Mictothlaspi F. K.
Mey. (1 sp.), Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey. (1 sp.),
Noccaea Moench (5 spp.), and Thlaspi (1 sp.) occur
in China. N. platycarpa is readily distinguished from
other Chinese representatives of Thlaspi s. l. in having
fruits with wings strongly veined throughout. It differs
from species of Noccaea in life form (annual vs. perennial) and in its suborbicular, broadly margined fruits
with sessile stigmas (vs. oblong or elliptic, narrowly
or not margined fruits with distinct styles). It differs
from Thlaspi arvense L. in its cordate-amplexicaul entire cauline leaves and non-striate seeds (vs. auriculate
or sagittate, dentate cauline leaves and distinctly striate
seeds). It differs from Mictothlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F. K.
Mey. in its much bigger, 6–12 mm diam., fruits winged
all round (vs. smaller fruits 3–5.5(7) × 3–4(5.5) mm
winged mostly in the upper part).
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
9. Ptilotrichum dahuricum Peschkova in Nov. Syst.
Plant. Vasc. 15: 230. 1979. —— Alyssum dahuricum
(Peschkova) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 14(2): 153. 2004.
Type: [Russia, Chita province], Transbaikal province,
Akshinsky district. Onon river basin. Mountains along
the river Bukukun near the settlement Bukukunsky,
Rocky southern slope, 1913-07-18. V. I. Smirnov 1986
(holotype and isotype, LE!).
dddddd dd
Subshrubs, (10)15–30(40) cm tall, moderately to
densely pubescent throughout with short-stalked trichomes lanceolate in outline and with 2, branched, principal rays from stalk apex; each ray with 1–3 pairs
of short lateral branches. Stems erect, stramineus, often several from woody base, branched above middle,
sterile shoots often present. Cauline leaves numerous,
dense, sessile; leaf blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, (0.5)1–2(3.5) cm × 0.5–2(3) mm, often grooved
adaxially, base attenuate, apex usually acute. Fruiting
pedicels slightly recurved, suberect at base, ascending
above, 3–8 mm long, slender. Sepals oblong, 1.6–2.2 ×
1–1.5 mm, deciduous, pubescent outside and sometimes
inside. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular,
(3.5)4–5 × (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm, glabrous, caducous, apex
rounded; claw often pink, minutely papillate at base. Filaments 1.2–2.5 mm long, dilated and papillate at base;
anthers oblong-ovate, 0.4–0.5 mm long. Ovules 1–2 per
locule. Fruit ovate, (3)4–5 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or
acuminate, base rounded; valves not veined, somewhat
inflated above seeds, densely pubescent; style (1)1.5–
2.5(3.5) mm long, slender, glabrous. Seeds 1 per locule,
ovate-elliptic, (1.8)2–2.4 × 1–1.5 mm, compressed, not
margined.
Distribution: NE China, NE Mongolia, Russia (SE
Siberia). Steppe slopes, grassland. Alt. 400–1200 m.
China. Heilongjiang (ddd): Z. Wang et al. (d
dd) 1437 (PE, sub nom. Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.)
C. A. Mey. and Ptilotrichum elongatum C. A. Mey.).
Jilin (dd): Baicheng (dd), Anonymous s.n. (Stipa
slope. 1951-08-07; PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P.
elongatum). Nei Mongol (ddd): Manzhouli (dd
d), Anonymous 876 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P.
elongatum), Sino-German exped. (ddd) 8383 (PE,
sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum), J. Sato 6251
(PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum), P. Y. Fu
et al. (dddd) 1959 (PE, sub nom. P. elongatum and
P. canescens); [Xing’ anling, ddd], Medical Plant
Exped. (ddd) 1669 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens),
Medical plant exped. (ddd) 1782 (PE, sub nom.
P. canescens), S. Y. Li (ddd) 217 (PE, sub nom.
Ptilotrichum cretaceum (Adams) Ledeb., P. elongatum
and P. canescens).
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Ptilotrichum dahuricum was recently assumed to
occur in NE China (Rybinskaya, 1994: 107) but that information was not based on any voucher specimens.
The species is most closely related to Ptilotrichum
tenuifolium (Steph. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey. from which
it differs in having stramineus stems, and early withering rosette and lowermost cauline leaves absent by
fruiting time. In contrast, P. tenuifolium is characterized by greenish or often purplish stems and a basal
rosette and lowermost cauline leaves persistent at fruit
maturity. In addition, plants of P. dahuricum are in general less densely pubescent and often appear green or
slightly grayish, whereas those of P. tenuifolium are usually grayish or rarely subsilvery.
Ptilotrichum dahuricum is the easternmost species
of Ptilotrichum C. A. Mey.; it is the only representative of the genus occurring in the northern part
of Nei Mongol and in neighboring Heilongjiang and
Jilin. Previous records of P. canescens from the latter
two provinces (e.g., Zhou et al., 2001) are based on
misidentified specimens of P. dahuricum cited above.
Ptilotrichum canescens evidently does not occur in either of these two provinces, and available data show that
its eastern distribution limit is the Gobi.
Zhou et al. (2001) treated Ptilotrichum as congeneric with Alyssum but molecular data (e.g., AlShehbaz et al., 2006; Warwick et al., 2008) along with
the distribution patterns (mostly Central/Eastern Asian
vs. SW Asian) support their distinctness and assignment to different tribes, Arabideae DC. and Alysseae
DC., respectively.
10. Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge in Arb. Naturf.
Ver. Riga 1(2): 151. 1847. Type: Matthiola turcomanica mihi n. sp. Turcomania bor., in promontorio Airakli
[28] Mai 1840 [Al. Lehmann] (Reliquiae Lehmannianae. Herb. Al. de Bunge) [fr.] (lectotype, P!, designated
by German in German et al., 2006, Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc.
38: 308; isolectotypes, LE!, P!, B!; syntypes, LE!, P!).
ddddd dd
Herbs perennial, (18)30–50(75) cm tall, glabrous
and glaucous throughout. Stems usually several from
the woody base, erect, stout, much branched, remains of
bases of stems of previous year often present. All leaves
fleshy, somewhat leathery; basal ones not rosulate; petiole broad, 0.5–2 cm long; leaf blade narrowly obovate,
narrowly elliptic, broadly lanceolate or oblong, coarsely
dentate, repand or runcinate-pinnatifid, (1)1.5–4(5.5) ×
(0.5)1–2(2.5) cm; lateral lobes if present 1–4(5) on each
side, triangular to linear-triangular, entire, acute. Lower
and middle cauline leaves similar to basal ones, short
petiolate to subsessile, progressively smaller upward.
Uppermost cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, sessile,
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
entire or minutely denticulate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, stout, nearly as thick as fruit, (3)4–10(14) mm long.
Sepals narrowly oblong, spreading, (6)8–10(12) × 1.5–
2.5 mm, bases of lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow, spatulate, (11)12–14 × 2–3 mm; claw subequaling
sepals. Stamens 7–11 mm long; anthers linear-sagittate,
3.5–4 mm long. Ovules 30–70 per ovary. Fruit narrowly
linear, terete, 3–8 cm × 1–1.3 mm, divaricate, straight
or slightly curved; valves glabrous, torulose; style stout,
1–1.5 mm long; stigma capitate-bilobed. Seeds oblong,
1.5–2 × 0.6–0.7 mm, brown, slightly margined distally.
Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, W Mongolia, N Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Sandy, clay and gravely
desert. Alt. 300–1200 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Qinghe (dd), Kelimu
(d d d) 9291 (XJBI, sub nom. Sterigmostemum
matthioloides (Franch.) Botsch.); Tuo Li (dd), Kelimu
(ddd) 9251 (XJBI, sub nom. Sisymbrium altissimum
L.).
Sisymbrium subspinescens is not rare in the semidesert zone of Kazakhstan (Vassilyeva, 1961) and also
known from a few localities in Junggar Gobi in the very
west of Mongolia (Grubov, 1982; Ebel & Rudaya, 2002).
The new Chinese localities bridge this artificial gap.
This species is clearly distinguished from other Chinese
representatives of Sisymbrium L., by a combination of
robust perennial habit with woody base, leathery glaucous leaves, big flowers and a distribution in desert and
semidesert habitats of NW Xinjiang.
11. Smelowskia micrantha (Botsch. & Vved.) AlShehbaz & S. I. Warwick in Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 97.
2006. —— Sophiopsis micrantha Botsch. & Vved. in
Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbek SSR 13: 9.
1952. Type: [Uzbekistan, Fergana valley], Kara-Tepe,
saline soil, 1948-04-18, Shafeyev (holotype, TASH;
paratype, LE!).
Yinshania albiflora Ma & Y. Z. Zhao var. gobica
Z. X. An in Fl. Xinjiang. 2(2): 381. 1995. Type: [China,
Xinjiang, Wusu], in the forest. 1980-05-02. Hou Wen-hu
008 (holotype, XJFA!).
ddddd dd
Herbs annual, 5–25 cm tall, moderately to sparsely
pubescent with a mixture of soft short-stalked branched
and fewer simple trichomes. Stems erect, simple or
branched along lower half, pubescent throughout or
distally glabrescent. Basal leaves withered by anthesis. Cauline leaves twice pinnatisect or almost so, elliptic or ovate in outline, 1.5–4(5) × 0.5–2.5 cm; petiole to 1 cm long; terminal lobe broadly lanceolate or
oblong-elliptic in outline, 0.8–2 cm × 2–8 mm, proximally with 1–2(3) pairs of linear to lanceolate, entire or denticulate, acute or subacuminate, lateral lob-
ules 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 mm and terminal lobule to 10 ×
2.5 mm; lateral lobes 2–3 on each side of midvein,
resembling terminal lobe. Racemes ebracteate, initially corymbose, later rather lax, elongated to half of
the length of a stem or more. Fruiting pedicels filiform, strongly divaricate, (6)7–9(10) mm long, straight,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepals oblong, 1–1.3
× 0.3–0.4 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose with simple
and branched trichomes, not saccate. Petals pale yellow,
spatulate, subequaling or shorter than sepals, to 0.2–
0.3 mm wide, limb twice as long as claw, apex rounded.
Filaments 0.8–1 mm long; anthers ovate, ca. 0.15 mm
long. Ovules 10–12 per ovary. Fruit linear-oblanceolate,
4.5–5.5 × 0.8–1 mm, subterete, slightly torulose, ascending to suberect, forming slight angle with pedicel; valves thin, glabrous; style 0.2–0.3 mm long. Seeds
light brown, elliptic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm, plump,
biseriate.
Distribution: NW China, N Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Riparian forests (tugais), saline places in desert.
Alt. 250–450 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Shawan (dd), Xinjiang
Exped. (ddddd) 735 (LE); Wusu (dd), W. H.
Hou (ddd) 005 (XJFA), X. Z. Zhang (ddd) s.n.
(alt. 250 m, 1985-05; XJU, sub nom. Rorippa sylvestris
(L.) Bess.), X. Z. Zhang (ddd) s.n. (near the field at
alt. 252 m, 1985-05; XJU, sub nom. R. sylvestris).
Smelowskia micrantha belongs to the former
genus Sophiopsis O. E. Schulz, recently united with
Smelowskia (Al-Shehbaz & Warwick, 2006). It is most
closely related to two other Chinese representatives of
this segregate, S. annua Rupr. and S. sisymbrioides
(Regel & Herd.) Lipsky ex Paulsen. Like these species,
S. micrantha has yellow flowers but differs sufficiently
from both in its ephemeral (vs. biennial) life form,
minute flowers 1–1.3 mm long with petals as long as
or shorter than the sepals (vs. 2.5–4 mm long and with
petals ca. twice as long as the sepals), torulose (vs.
not torulose) fruits and seeds 0.5–0.7 (vs. 1.2–2) mm
long. Smelowskia micrantha is the only halophytic representative of Smelowskia s.l. growing on the plains or
in foothills (other species are predominantly plants of
rocks of the middle or higher mountain belt or of high
latitudes).
The newly discovered Chinese localities of S. micrantha in China are situated ca. 1000 km distant from
the next closest locality in Uzbekistan (Fergana valley).
However, such a distribution is not surprising as it is
known for some other Turanian ephemeral halophytes,
e.g., Neotorularia rossica (O. E. Schulz) Hedge & J.
Léonard also recently recorded from the Chinese Junggar (German, 2007). S. micrantha was re-described as a
member of Yinshania Ma & Y. Z. Zhao by An (1995).
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
However, Yishania is unrelated to Smelowskia and no
species of Yinshania is found in Xinjiang.
3 Species with confirmed occurrence
in China
1. Aphragmus involucratus (Bunge) O. E. Schulz
in Engler, Pflanzenreich, 86(4, 105): 198. 1924. ——
Platypetalum involucratum Bunge in Enum.: 58. 1836.
Type: Platypetalum altaicum. Altai, 1832, Bunge s.n.
(lectotype, LE!, designated by Ebel, 1998, Turczaninowia 1(4): 22, as “type”; isolectotype, LE!).
ddddd dd
Distribution: NW China, E Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Russia (SW Siberia). Gravely streamsides, talus
slopes, below glaciers. Alt. 2350–3700 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Fukang (dd), Anonymous 651288 (XJBI, sub nom. Eutrema edwardsii R.
Br.), Anonymus 998052 (XJA); Jinghe (dd), Anonymous s.n. (XJA, sub nom. Eu. edwardsii); [Tian-Shan,
dd] G. Merzbacher s.n. (LE).
Aphragmus involucratus was first reported for
China by Ebel (1998) based on the above collection
of Merzbacher, but that information was not taken into
account in subsequent treatments (Al-Shehbaz, 2000,
2003; Zhou et al., 2001). The species is distributed
in the alpine belt of the Russian and Mongolian Altai and the Tian-Shan of China and Kyrgyzstan (Ebel,
1998). It is very closely related to the recently described
Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz, from which it differs by broader, obovate to narrowly obovate, to 4 mm
wide cauline leaves and bracts (vs. linear to narrowly
oblanceolate, 1–2 mm wide in A. bouffordii). Although
this difference is slight it is stable and supported by very
disjunct geographical ranges (Altai and Tian-Shan vs.
SE Tibet). It can therefore be accepted as sufficient for
separating these two species.
In the protologue of A. bouffordii, a paratype from
E Tian-Shan (vicinity of Tianchi lake) was cited. Although the present authors had no opportunity to study
this collection, an examination of other gatherings of
Aphragmus from different parts of Tian-Shan, including
specimens collected around Tianchi lake, shows that the
only species of the genus occurring there is A. involucratus. Obviously, this cited paratype of A. bouffordii
must in fact be a specimen of A. involucratus, and the
misidentification was probably due to an unsatisfactory
specimen. The strange giant disjunction (ca. 1500 km)
in the assumed distribution area of A. bouffordii was emphasized by its author (Al-Shehbaz, 2003). The above
evidence removes this uncertainty: A. bouffordii is en
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
211
demic to Tibet and should be excluded from the flora of
Xinjiang. As for A. involucratus, besides Tian-Shan it
can be expected in the highest part of the Chinese Altai
on the border with Russia or Mongolia.
2. Dontostemon perennis C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl.
Alt. 3: 121. 1831. Type: In sterilissimis lapidosis deserti
editi ad fluvium Tschuja, legit Dr. Bunge, May 1826
(lectotype, LE!, designated by German, 2005, Not. Syst.
Pl. Vasc. 37: 239; isolectotypes, HAL!, LE!, M!, P!,
W!).
dddddd
Distribution: NW China, Mongolia, Russia (S
Siberia). Sunny slopes, rocks, dry steppes. Alt. 1200–
2900 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Hami (dd), Anonymous s.n. (sunny slope at alt. 1200 m, 1987-06-12; XJU,
sub nom. D. senilis Maxim.).
Before the publication of the relevant account of
Flora of China, the species had been reported for four
Chinese provinces (excluding Xinjiang) but none of
those records were confirmed by Zhou et al. (2001:
140). However, the species is very common throughout Mongolia and was included in the Flora of China
based on the high probability of its occurrence in Nei
Mongol and NW China. The present finding confirms
the presence of D. perennis in the flora of China and
also represents a new record for Xinjiang.
3. Goldbachia torulosa DC., Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2:
577. 1821. Type: [Cult. in hort. bot. Paris., seeds collected by Michaux in SW Asia]: “in Oriente. Michaux”
(G).
ddddd dd
Distribution: Afghanistan, Caucasus, W China, N
India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Fields, roadsides, slopes in steppe. Sea level to 3900 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Aksu (ddd), Tibet Exped. (ddd) 3053 (XJBI, sub nom. Goldbachia laevigata (Bieb.) DC.); Kashi (dd) D. A. Divnogorskaya
34 (LE); Wushi (dd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (LE);
Yengisar (ddd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (LE).
Goldbachia torulosa was first reported in China
by Botschantzev (1963: 139) without precise locality
as follows: “From Turkey through Transcaucasus and
Iran to India and through Middle Asia to Kashgaria”
based on the above specimens from LE. G. torulosa is
closely related to two of the three species of Chinese
Goldbachia DC., G. laevigata (Bieb.) DC. and Goldbachia pendula Botsch. and morphologically is somewhat intermediate between them. G. torulosa differs
from G. laevigata (Bieb.) DC. by cauline leaves widest
at the middle and with minute auricles at base, and by
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Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
sepals glabrous or bearing a few straight simple trichomes (these characters are typical of G. pendula). In
contrast, G. laevigata is characterized by cauline leaves
widest at the base (in the auriculate part), and by sepals
covered with crisped trichomes. G. torulosa is distinguished from G. pendula by its horizontal to ascending
fruits forming a distinct angle with the pedicels (as in
G. laevigata); fruits in G. pendula are reflexed and form
a straight line with the pedicels. The Chinese localities
represent the eastern distribution limit of G. torulosa,
as with G. laevigata.
In the same publication, Botschantzev (1963:
143) reported for China one more species of Goldbachia, Goldbachia verrucosa Kom., as follows: “From
Afghanistan through Middle Asia to Chinese Junggar”. However, both collections on which that report
was based (Ad fl. Koksu, 4000–5000 ft., 1878-5-30;
Dolonkara nördl. Borochudschir, 3000 ft., 1878-5-21,
A. Regel s.n. – LE) originate from Kazakhstan. Thus this
species is currently not confirmed in China, although its
occurrence in Yili region is quite probable.
4. Lepidium amplexicaule Willd. in Sp. Pl. ed. 3: 436.
1800. Type: Siberia, Stephan s.n. (B).
dddddd dd
Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
E Russia (S Siberia). Riverbanks, ditches, roadsides,
wastelands, saline meadows, fields, steppe and desert
slopes. Alt. 100–2100 m.
China. Gansu (d d): Gaotai (d d), G. N.
Potanin s. n. (1886-06-25; LE); Jinchang (dd), M.
P. Petrov s. n. (LE). Nei Mongol (ddd): Alxa (dd
d), S. S. Chetyrkin s.n. (LE). Sichuan (dd): Martin
s. n. (LE). Xinjiang (dd): Barkol (ddd), Steppe 2nd
Team (dddd) 586 (XJBI), Anonymous 87-00373,
87-00054 and 87-208 (XJU, sub nom. L. latifolium);
Hami (dd), Anonymous 1512 (XJBI, sub nom. L. latifolium L.), K. C. Kuan (ddd) 456 (XJBI, sub nom.
Lepidium latifolium var. affine (Ledeb.) C. A. Mey.);
Kashi (dd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (1909-07-13;
LE), O. E. Knorring 965 (LE); Turpan (ddd), Anonymous 2103 (XJBI), Anonymous 5 (XJU, sub nom. L.
latifolium); Yiwu (dd), Liu Guo-Jun (ddd) 1899
(XJBI, sub nom. L. latifolium var. affine); without precise locality, near Hami, G. N. Potanin s. n. (1886-06-25)
(LE).
Lepidium amplexicaule was previously recorded
from China at least twice, by Maximowicz (1889: 70)
and Thellung (1906: 163, as L. latifolium L. subsp. amplexicaule (Willd.) Thell.), and both cited voucher specimens (e.g., both authors cited the above collection “G.
N. Potanin s. n. 1886-06-25”), but this information has
not been used in any Chinese floras. The species be-
longs to the L. latifolium group which also includes
Lepidium cordatum Willd ex Steven, L. latifolium and
Lepidium obtusum Basin., all highly polymorphic and
widespread in China. Lepidium amplexicaule is closest
to and morphologically intermediate between L. cordatum and L. latifolium. It differs from L. cordatum in
being green and usually pubescent (not glaucous and
glabrous) with subamplexicaul or slightly amplexicaul
lower cauline leaves (not deeply cordate-amplexicaul)
and elliptic (not ovate or orbiculate) silicles. It can be
distinguished from L. latifolium by its sessile cauline
leaves with at least some amplexicaul or nearly so (vs.
none amplexicaul and often attenuate at the base), and a
usually not paniculate inflorescence with elongate main
and abbreviated lateral branches (vs. paniculate inflorescence with all branches subequally elongate). As shown
here, L. amplexicaule is rather widely distributed in the
(semi)desert of NW China, especially of N Xinjiang.
5. Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J.
Léonard in Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 56(3–4): 393. 1986. —
— Malcolmia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. Fl. Orient.
1: 226. 1867. —— Sisymbrium brevipes Kar. & Kir.
in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 15: 154. 1842. Type:
In fruticetis Songoriae ad fl. Ajagus frequens. 1841.
Karelin & Kiriloff 1234 (lectotype, LE!, designated by
Gubanov et al., 1998; isolectotypes, LE!, MW!, P!).
ddddd
Distribution: Afghanistan, NW China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkmenistan. Sandy, gravely and saline steppes and deserts,
slopes. Alt. 200–2400 m.
China. Xinjiang (d d): Mori (d d), Anonymous Zao 67 (XJBI, sub nom. Arabidopsis thaliana
(L.) Heynh.); Qinghe (dd), Xinjiang Exped. (dd
ddd) 10349 (PE, sub nom. Malcolmia scorpioides
(Bunge) Boiss.); Taxkorgan (ddddd), Anonymous
s.n. (1980; XJA); Yining (dd), A. Regel s. n. (Prope
Kuldscha. 1877-05; LE).
The species was included in the Flora of China
based on the single collection cited as: “Przewalski s.
n., 2–14 May 1879 (LE)” (Zhou et al., 2001: 185). However, that gathering: “Planitis inter S Altai et Baityk.
2/14 Mai 1879. N. M. Przewalski” (LE!) originates from
the Junggar Gobi of W Mongolia and not of China. The
double date on its label refers to the same date, Julian 2
May = Gregorian 14 May 1879 (the Julian calendar was
widely used in Russia until 1917). That day Przewalski
worked between the lake Gashun-Nor and the spring
Tsagan-Tunge (Komarov, 1920) in the Gobi between the
Mongolian Altai and the Baitag-Bogdo range in Mongolia. Maximowicz (1889: 54) cited this collection as
Mal. brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. However, the species
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
was not included in any subsequent treatments on the
flora of Mongolia until its occurrence in that country
was recently confirmed, based on new collections from
the same area (Smirnov et al., 2003). Another specimen
cited by Maximowicz (l.c.) under the same name Mal.
brevipes was collected in China ([NE foothills of E TianShan], Kuku-Syrkhe mts., Przewalski 11/23 Mai 1879)
but that specimen belongs to another species, Strigosella
brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. Thus, the single specimen on
which the record of Neo. brevipes from China was based
until now in fact originates from Mongolia. However,
occurrence of the species in China is confirmed here,
based on the above cited four collections from quite
different parts of Xinjiang.
6. Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Moscou 15(1): 147. 1842(3 I). —— Neuroloma stenocarpum (Kar. & Kir.) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou
& Leningrad) 57(6): 673. 1972. —— Achoriphragma
stenocarpum (Kar. & Kir.) Soják in Sborn. Nar. Muz.
Praze 1–2: 106. 1982. Type: In rupibus montium Alatau
inter fl. Baskan et Sarchan; in glareosis summarum
alpium Alatau ad fontes fl. Sarchan. 1841. Karelin
& Kiriloff 1197, 1199 (lectotype, LE!, designated by
Botschantzev, 1972, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad)
57(6): 673; isolectotypes, B!, LE!, M!, MW!, P!, TK!,
W!, WU!).
Parrya stenoloma Schrenk in Fisch., Mey. & AvèLall., Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 8: 69. 1842(25 I). Type:
Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir. Alpen des Tarbagatai
[Schrenk 1841] (Herb. Fischer) (lectotype, LE!, designated by German, in German & Cherneva, 2008, Nov.
Syst. Pl. Vasc., 40: 305; isolectotypes, LE!, WU!).
dddd dd
Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. Rocky, gravely, stony and talus slopes,
moraines. Alt. 1600–3200 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Hoboksar (ddddd),
L. D. Yin (ddd) 72068 (XJA, sub nom. P. pulvinata
M. Pop.); Yining (dd), A. Regel s. n. (Sarybulak pr.
Kuldscha, 4000 ft., 1878-04; LE); A. Regel s. n. (Almatythal pr. Kuldscha, 3–6000 ft., 1878-04-25; LE);
Tian-Schan (dd), G. N. Potanin s. n. (Tian-Schan orientalis, declivitas australis ad limitum superiorum sylvarum et altius, 1877-06-11; LE), G. N. Potanin s. n.
(Tian-Schan orientalis, declivitas australis ad limitum
superiorum sylvarum et altius. 1879-06-05; LE).
Parrya stenocarpa was first reported for China
by Maximowicz (1889: 42) based on several gatherings, including the two G. N. Potanin collections cited
above. Later it was reported (without localities) by
Botschantzev (1972a: 673) for Chinese Junggar. Although some specimens determined by Maximowicz
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
213
were later identified as other species, others in fact belong to Par. stenocarpa and the recent collection above
by Yin Lidong from Saur confirms its occurrence and
wider distribution in China.
Parrya stenocarpa is most closely related to Parrya
lancifolia M. Pop., with which it shares habit, indumentum of glandular and sometimes simple trichomes, black
many-headed root, comparatively small caudex not or
slightly covered with petiolar remains of leaves from
previous years, emarginate petals, and soft, often undivided leaves. Par. stenocarpa is distinguished from Par.
lancifolia by narrower, 2.5–3.5 (vs. 4–6) mm wide fruits
with oblong-elliptic (vs. orbicular) seeds margined predominantly distally and proximally (vs. uniformly all
round), and at least some leaves incised to pinnatisect
(vs. all entire or rarely single ones pinnate-dentate). In
the Flora of China, Par. stenocarpa was treated as a
synonym of Parrya pinnatifida Kar. & Kir., but such a
treatment cannot be accepted. Par. pinnatifida is characterized by a well-developed caudex covered with numerous petiolar leaf remnants, subleathery leaves all
or nearly all regularly runcinate-pinnatifid with up to 9
pairs of triangular to oblong-triangular lobes, and fruits
(1.5)3–5(6.5) cm long. In contrast, Par. stenocarpa has
a less developed caudex without or with few petiolar
remnants, herbaceous leaves some of which are usually entire or subentire and others incised to pinnatifid
with 1–3(4) pairs of oblong to linear lobes, and fruits
(5)7–10(12) cm long.
Parrya stenocarpa is distributed in the mountains
of Middle Asia (Pamir Alai, Tian-Shan, Tarbagatai,
Saur) extending northward to the Altai of Kazakhstan
(Vassilyeva, 1961). In Xinjiang (Saur Shan), the probability of finding the local endemic species, Parrya
saurica (Pachom.) D. German & Al-Shehbaz is also
very high. This most probably evolved from hybridization between Par. lancifolia and Par. stenocarpa.
4 Newly recorded/confirmed species
for provinces
1. Dontostemon integrifolius (L.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb.
Fl. Alt. 3: 120. 1831. —— Sisymbrium integrifolium L.
Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753. Type: [Siberia]. Herb. Linn. No.
836.51 (lectotype, LINN, designated by Ebel in Cafferty
& Jarvis, 2002, Taxon 51: 536).
ddddd
Distribution: China, Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia,
Far East). Open grasslands, sandy and gravely slopes,
meadows, pastures. Alt. 200–2300 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Barkol (ddd), Anonymous 45 (XJBI, sub nom. D. senilis), W. J. Roborowski
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
338 (LE, sub nom. Torularia glandulosa (Kar. & Kir.)
Vass.); Hami (dd), Anonymous s. n. (sunny slope at
alt. 1100 m, 1987-06-12; XJU, sub nom. D. senilis);
Yiwu (dd), J. S. Li & Z. W. Li (d d, ddd) 058
(XJA, sub nom. Dontostemon senilis); [Eastern TianShan, ddd], W. J. Roborowski 411 (LE).
The localities cited above in the eastmost part of
Eastern Tian-Shan correspond to the SW distribution
limit of D. integrifolius, as with Dontostemon perennis.
2. Draba zangbeiensis L. L. Lou in Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 25(4): 320. 1987. Type: [China]. Xizang (dd),
Karamiran Shankou (d d d d d d), alt. 5000 m,
1976-07-31, Gansu Univ. Exped. (ddd) 118 (holotype, PE!).
dddd
Distribution: Endemic to China. Alpine slopes.
4100–5000 m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Wenquan (dd), X. W.
Zheng (ddd) 60-038 (XJA, sub nom. Draba melanopus Kom.).
Zhou et al. (2001) have suggested that an illustration and description of Draba melanopus in the Flora
Xinjiangensis (An, 1995: 129, 131) might be based on
a plant of Draba zangbeiensis; which is confirmed by
our study of the specimen cited above.
As for Draba melanopus, although no correctly
determined specimens of this species were found in the
Chinese herbaria, its occurrence in China is confirmed
here based on two collections by A. Regel from the Yili
region, “Kuldsha, in mont. Kokkamyr, 9000 ft., 187807” and “Arystyn an d. N Seite d. Kasch, 1879-07-12”
(both LE).
3. Lepidium alashanicum H. L. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 241. 1981. Type: [China], Nei Mongol,
Alxa Zuoqi, 1964-07-04, Q. Zhang & B. S. Chen 0174
(holotype, LZD; paratype, PE!).
dddddd
Distribution: endemic to NW China. Dry gravely
slopes. Alt. 1500–3000 m.
China. Xinjiang (d d): Tuksun (d d d), A.
Regel s.n. (1500–1800 m, 1879-09-13; LE, sub nom.
Lepidium ruderale); [Kun-Lun Shan, ddd], V. I. Serpukhov 461 (LE, sub nom. L. ruderale L.).
The newly revealed localities of L. alashanicum
considerably expand its distribution range westward.
The species is known as a small plant 4–15 cm tall (Zhou
et al., 2001) but the specimen of A. Regel indicates that
it can reach 30 cm high.
4. Sinapis arvensis L. in Sp. Pl.: 663. 1753. Type:
[In agris Europae]. Herb. Linn. No. 845.2” (lectotype,
LINN, designated by Jafri, 1973, Fl. West Pakistan 55:
29).
dddd
Distribution: Africa, Eurasia, N America; native
to Mediterranean, naturalized elsewhere.
China. Nei Mongol (ddd): Manzhouli (dd
d), N. Semenov 181 (LE, sub nom. Brassica campestris
L.).
Until now, this weedy species was recorded in
China only from Xinjiang (Zhou et al., 2001) and thus is
a novelty for NE China. It is likely to be found in other
regions of the country.
5. Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. in Bot.
Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972.
—— Dontostemon brevipes Bunge in Arb. Naturf. Veg.
Riga 1(2): 149. 1847.
Malcolmia karelinii Lipsky in Vid. Medd. Dansk.
Nat. Foren Kjóbenhavn 25: 139. 1903. Type: [Auf sterilen Lehmhügeln um Buchara 4 April (florens)]. Reliq.
Lehmann. 100. Dont. brevipes m. [Bunge]” (lectotype,
P!, designated by German in German et al., 2006, Nov.
Syst. Pl. Vasc., 38: 292; isolectotypes, P!, LE!).
ddddd dd
Distribution: Afghanistan, NW China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
China. Gansu (dd): Anonymous F288 (PE, sub
nom. Mal. scorpioides (Bunge) Boiss.).
This first record of Strig. brevipes from Gansu is
based on a single collection misidentified as Strigosella
scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch. (= Malcolmia scorpioides
(Bunge) Boiss.). Therefore, the occurrence of Strig.
scorpioides in this province is not confirmed. This conclusion is supported by the fact that all collections seen
of Strig. scorpioides in China are restricted to NW Xinjiang (Junggar), and that area obviously represents the
eastern distribution limit of this species. In contrast,
Strig. brevipes is more widely distributed in Xinjiang,
is known from Nei Mongol (Zhou et al., 2001) and was
recently also found in Mongolia (Smirnov et al., 2003).
Although Botschantzev (1972b) provided a sound
morphological background for separating the group of
Irano-Turanian species from predominantly Mediterranean Malcolmia W. T. Aiton and placed them into
Strigosella Boiss. (d d d d, d d), his opinion
has been mainly disregarded by subsequent authors.
Strigosella was accepted as a synonym of Malcolmia
in all Chinese treatments. However, molecular studies
(Warwick et al., 2007) completely support their distinctness; all Chinese species previously assigned to Malcolmia belong to the unrelated genus Strigosella.
6. Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn.
(Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972. —— Malcolmia hispida Litv. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci.
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GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
Pétersb. 1: 37. 1902. Type: [Turkmenistan]. Turcomania. In deserto pr. Ashabad, ad radices montium, 189804-20. D. Litvinov 550 (LE!).
ddddd dd
Distribution: W China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Foothills, sandy
and stony slopes, wastelands, fields, roadsides. Alt. 350–
2000 (3800) m.
China. Xinjiang (dd): Akto (ddd), M. Chaffanjon 207 (Akheur [Akto] – Thibet. [18]95-04-21; P);
Gongliu (dd), Lin Yourun (ddd) 74352 (PE); Yining (dd), A. Regel s.n. (Pr. Kuldscha. 1877-05-13;
LE).
Although Strig. hispida was reported in Flora RPS
for three provinces of China including Xinjiang, Zhou
et al. (2001) did not confirm any of those reports.
Our study confirms that all specimens from Qinghai
and Gansu and most from Xinjiang indeed belong to
enormously hispid plants of Strigosella africana (L.)
Botsch. (= Malcolmia africana (L.) W. T. Aiton). However, a few collections from the western part of this
autonomous region do in fact represent Strig. hispida.
Based on the collection by A. Regel, Strig. hispida
was reported by Botschantzev (1972b: 1041) for “China
(Junggar)”.
Zhou et al. (2001) reported Strig. hispida as a novelty for the flora of Xizang, based on the collection
cited above by Chaffanjon. However, the species should
be excluded from the flora of Xizang because this single collection was made in fact in Xinjiang. Chaffanjon
during his Asian itinerary in 1895 passed from Middle Asia (“Russian Turkestan”) to Mongolia through
Xinjiang (Tian-Shan, Junggar, Altai) and did not visit
Tibet (Chaffanjon, 1897). The species was collected
along the road Akto – Tibet and obviously not far from
Akto. This conclusion is in congruence with the ecology
of the species, which grows mostly on the plain and in
foothills rarely higher than 2000 m; moreover, the time
of collection (April) is also impossible for Tibet.
5 Species where occurrence in China is not
confirmed
1. Draba huetii Boiss. in Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2(5): 31.
1856. Type: In Anatolia ad Beybazar, Aucher 4058; In
incultis prope Kochaponar. Maio 1853, Huet s.n. (syntypes, G, P!).
dddd
Distribution: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (SW Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Steppe slopes. Alt. 500–2300 m.
Draba huetii was reported for China for the first
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
215
time in Flora Xinjiangensis from three localities in
Tian-Shan (An, 1995: 125). Study of all three collections showed that they represent small samples of
Draba eriopoda Turcz. ex Ledeb., a related species common in Tian-Shan (Qitai county. Alt. 2500 m, under
the Picea forest. 1963-07-04. Anonymous 6174 (XJBI);
Fukang county, Bogdo Feng, alpine meadow at alt.
3000 and 3200 m. 1969-06-30. Anonymous s.n. (XJU);
Ürümqi, grassland at alt. 1200 m. 1981-07. Anonymous
s.n. (XJU)). The plant pictured in Flora Xinjiangensis
(p. 124) as “Draba huetii” also clearly represents Draba
eriopoda. Zhou et al. (2001) neither commented on
these misidentifications nor cited any correctly identified specimens of the species from China, and no such
specimens have been seen by the present authors. Thus,
although the presence of Draba huetii in NW Xinjiang
is not impossible, its occurrence in China is currently
not confirmed.
2. Eutrema halophilum (C. A. Mey) Al-Shehbaz &
S. I. Warwick in Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(2): 133. 2005.
—— Thellungiella halophila (C. A. Mey.) O. E. Schulz
in Engler, Pflanzenreich, 86(4, 105): 253. 1924. ——
Sisymbrium halophilum C. A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Alt.
3: 143. 1831. Type: [Kazakhstan]. 1037. Altai. Legi
locis salsis limosis humidis in deserti occidentalioribus
trans fluvium Irtysch, sub finem Julii 1826 [C. A. Meyer]
(lectotype, LE!, designated by German, 2005, Not. Syst.
Pl. Vasc. 37: 239; isolectotypes, LE!, P!).
dddd dd
Distribution: endemic to NW and Central Kazakhstan. Saline meadows, banks of salty lakes. Alt. 200–
600 m.
Zhou et al. (2001) correctly assigned all previous reports of Eu. halophilum from Hebei, Henan,
Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, and Shandong (Jilin should be
added here too) to Eutrema salsugineum (Pall.) AlShehbaz & S. I. Warwick (=T. salsuginea (Pall.) O.
E. Schulz), but reported the species for Xinjiang. However, a detailed study of the morphology and geography
of all species previously assigned to Thellungiella O. E.
Schulz (German, 2002, 2008a) showed that the description of Eu. halophilum in the Flora of China is based on
plants later recognized as a new species, Thellungiella
botschantzevii D. German (= Eutrema botschantzevii
(D. German) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick), distributed
in Kazakhstan and neighboring Russia, and that “true”
Eu. halophilum is confined to Kazakhstan. The eastern
limit of its distribution runs along the western foothills
of Kazakhstanian Altai and Tarbagatai at 81–81.5◦ E and
its occurrence in China is not likely. Indeed, all revised
collections of “Eu. halophilum” from Xinjiang in fact
belong to Eu. salsugineum or represent other genera.
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Vol. 47 No. 3 2009
One more former member of Thellungiella, Eutrema parvulum (Schrenk) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick (= Thellungiella parvula (Schrenk) Al-Shehbaz
& O’Kane) has a similar distribution in Kazakhstan and
is not known to the east of 80–81◦ E in the Kazakh upland. We had no opportunity to study the specimen(s) on
which a report of this species in China was based (Zhou
et al., 2001) to confirm the absence of Eu. parvulum in
the flora of China. However, the biogeographical facts
above, along with the lack of any Chinese material of
the species in any of the mentiond herbaria, is a strong
argument favoring this consideration.
Thus, among three former representatives of Thellungiella (merged into Eutrema R. Br.: Al-Shehbaz &
Warwick, 2005; Warwick et al., 2006a) reported in the
Flora of China, only one (Eu. salsugineum) is confirmed
as definitely occurring in China.
3. Galitzkya spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) V. Bocz. in
Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 64(10): 1442. 1979.
—— Berteroa spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey.
in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 48. 1831. —— Alyssum spathulatum Steph. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl. 3: 465. 1800. Type: [In
montibus Altaicis Sibiriae], Stephan s.n. (lectotype, B!,
designated by Cullen & Dudley, 1965, Feddes Repert.
71(1–3): 226, as “holotype”; isolectotype, LE).
ddddd
Distribution: Kazakhstan, Russia (southeast European part, SW Siberia). Dry rocky and gravely slopes,
open hilltops. Alt. 350–1000 m.
The only record of Gal. spathulata from China is
based on “Bunge 73” (Zhou et al., 2001: 64; herbarium acronym was misprinted as F instead of P). The
cited specimen (P, photo!) was collected by Alexander
Lehmann during his well-known journey in 1841–1842
from Orenburg to Bukhara in NW Kazakhstan (Bunge,
1847: 141, as Bert. spathulata). The easternmost collections of this species are from western and central parts
of the Zaissan depression and on the northern slope of
Tarbagatai in E Kazakhstan. Hence there is some probability of its presence in the adjacent border area of
China, but until now this is not confirmed by a single
voucher specimen.
4. Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) Al-Shehbaz,
O’Kane & Price in Novon 9(3): 304. 1999.
—— Arabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) N. Busch in Fl.
Caucas. Crit. 3(4): 457, 466. 1909. —— Arabis toxophylla Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 448. 1819. Type:
Plantes circa Catherinoslawensem, 1810 (lectotype, LE!
designated by Dorofeyev, 1998, Turczaninowia 1(3):
23).
dddd
Distribution: SE Europe (E Ukraine), N and Central Kazakhstan, Russia (south European part, SW
Siberia). Saline habitats in steppe, gentle gravely slopes,
foothills. Alt. 200–600 m.
Data on the distribution of this steppe species remained highly controversial for a long time, especially
regarding the southern and eastern limit of its range.
This uncertainty first arose when Busch (1939: 79)
stated that the general distribution of the species (as
Arabidopsis toxophylla) is Afghanistan and W Tibet,
although earlier he (Busch, 1926: 422) confined it to
present-day Kazakhstan, adjacent parts of Russia and E
Ukraine. A revision of all collections of Cruciferae from
Central, Middle and SW Asia in LE revealed no specimens on which this strange range expansion could be
based. Similarly, no collections confirming the presence
of Pseud. toxophylla in either Afghanistan or Tibet were
found by Hedge (1968: 333–334) or An (1987b: 287).
Thus the occurrence of Pseud. toxophylla in China was
not confirmed at that time.
Nevertheless, the species was soon reported for
China again, firstly from a single locality in the vicinity of Hami in Tian-Shan (An, 1995: 146). However, the diagnosis of Pseud. toxophylla (= Arabidopsis toxophylla) in the Flora Xinjiangensis corresponds
to another former Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynh. species,
Crucihimalaya mollissima (C. A. Mey.) Al-Shehbaz,
O’Kane & Price. The cited specimen, along with all
other collections from Xinjiang determined as Arabidopsis toxophylla in fact represent Cruc. mollissima
(Xinjiang, Hami. Sunny slope, alt. 1100 m. 1987-06-12.
Anonymous s.n. (XJU, photo XJA); Xinjiang, mountains south of Barkol, dry slope. 1961-06-06. Abdula
Kelimu 1852 (XJBI); Xinjiang [without date, collector or number] (XJNM)). This is why Cruc. mollissima, which is not rare in NW China, is absent in Flora
Xinjiangensis.
Finally, Zhou et al. (2001) reported Pseud. toxophylla (without localities) for both Xinjiang and Xizang.
They provided accurate descriptions of both species
and reported Cruc. mollissima for Xinjiang, but the
above mentioned mistreatments were not noted, nor
were any new collections cited confirming the occurrence of Pseud. toxophylla in Xinjiang and Xizang. As
this last report was based on the previous data that turned
out to be wrong, currently the species is not proved to
grow in China.
The easternmost known localities of Pseud. toxophylla are situated in the western foothills of the Altai
and Tarbagatai, and also in the western part of the Zaissan depression in Kazakhstan. The probability of its
occurrence in adjacent Xinjiang is rather low and is
absolutely impossible for Xizang.
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China
6 Species where occurrence in certain
provinces of China is not confirmed
1. Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap.
Bot. 8(1): 26. 2003. Type: China. Xizang (Tibet, d
d): Zogang (d d), Dongda La (pass), border of
Markam and Zogang Xian on highway 318, 29◦ 42 39 N,
98◦ 0 9 E, alt. 5100–5300 m, scree slopes, rocky vegetated slopes and adjacent area at pass, mostly level gravelly areas around pass. 2003-07-16. D. E. Boufford, S. L.
Kelley, R. H. Ree & S. K. Wu (ddd) 29463 (holotype,
GH; isotypes, KUN, MO – photo!).
ddddd dd
Aphragmus bouffordii is endemic to SE Tibet. It
does not occur in Xinjiang because the single gathering
from Xinjiang reported as A. bouffordii (Al-Shehbaz,
2003) is a specimen of A. involucratus (see discussion
of A. bouffordii above).
2. Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. in Index Sem. Hort.
Dorpat.: 2. 1824. Type: Angara (holotype, LE?).
dd
The occurence of this species in Xinjiang (An,
1995; Zhou et al., 2001) is not confirmed because all collections from this province are misidentifications of two other species, Barbarea stricta
and Barbarea vulgaris (see discussion of B. stricta
above).
3. Lepidium latifolium L. in Sp. Pl.: 644. 1753. Type:
[In Galliae, Angliae umbrosis, succulentis]. Herb. Linn.
No. 824.11a (lectotype, designated by Jafri, 1973, Fl.
West Pakistan 55: 60, LINN – photo!).
ddddd
Lepidium latifolium is excluded from the flora of
Sichuan (Zhou et al., 2001) because the single collection from that province on which the record was based
is a specimen of Lepidium amplexicaule (see discussion of L. amplexicaule above). In China, L. latifolium
is predominantly represented by Central/Middle Asian
and Siberian subsp. sibricum (Schweigg.) Thell. (= L.
affine Ledeb.), characterized by cauline leaves gradually narrowed (not attenuate) at base and usually a more
compact inflorescence.
4. Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb.
Fl. Alt. 3: 66. 1831. —— Alyssum canescens DC.
in Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2: 322. 1821. Type: [Altai, Salessow?] in rupestribus Sibiriae, Dahuriae et
Kamtschatkae (G).
ddd
The occurrence of this species in Heilongjiang (An,
1987c; Zhou et al., 2001) and Jilin (Zhou et al., 2001)
is not confirmed. All collections of Ptilotrichum from
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2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
217
these provinces belong to Ptilotrichum dahuricum (see
discussion of Ptilotrichum dahuricum above).
5. Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch.
ddddd
The occurrence of this species in Xizang (Zhou
et al., 2001) is not confirmed. The single collection
on which a record for Xizang was based originates
in fact from Xinjiang (see discussion of the species
above).
6. Strigosella scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch. in Bot.
Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972. ——
Dontostemon scorpioides Bunge in Arb. Naturf. Veg.
Riga 1(2): 150. 1847. Type: Steppen um Kuwan-Darja
7 Mai [18]42 (Reliquiae Lehmannianae. Herb. Al. de
Bunge) [fl., fr. submat.] (lectotype, P!, designated by
German in German et al., 2006, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc., 38:
295).
ddddd dd
The occurrence of this species in Gansu (Zhou et
al., 2001) is not confirmed. The single collection on
which a record for Gansu was based is in fact a specimen
of Strigosella brevipes (see discussion of Strigosella
brevipes above).
Acknowledgements We are profoundly grateful to
the curators and relevant staff of all cited herbaria;
to Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (Missouri Botanical Garden)
for valuable comments and discussion, for reviewing
this article (along with two other anonymous reviewers,
and for sending an image of the isotype of Aphragmus bouffordii; and to Benoı̂t Carré (Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for sending images of some
specimens from P. We also wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Sylvia Phillips (Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew) for her careful review of the manuscript, which
greatly improved the paper. This work is supported by
the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant Nos.
03-04-39026 and 07-04-90839), the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30411120111),
and the National Geographic Foundation of USA (Grant
No. 8204-07).
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