Journal of Systematics and Evolution 47 (3): 202–219 (2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00022.x Notes on the family Brassicaceae in China 1 Dmitry A GERMAN 1 2 ∗ 2 Wen-Li CHEN (Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) Abstract A critical revision of the collections of Brassicaceae in some Chinese (PE, XJA, XJBI, XJFA, XJNM, XJU) and foreign (LE, P) herbaria is made. One genus, Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey., and 11 species, Alyssum szarabiacum Nyár., Barbarea stricta Andrz., Erysimum czernjajevii N. Busch, Erysimum kotuchovii D. German, Erysimum mongolicum D. German, Lepidium karelinianum Al-Shehbaz, Matthiola superba Conti, Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey., Ptilotrichum dahuricum Peschkova, Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge, and Smelowskia micrantha (Botsch. & Vved.) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, are reported from China for the first time. Six species, Aphragmus involucratus (Bunge) O. E. Schulz, Dontostemon perennis C. A. Mey., Goldbachia torulosa DC., Lepidium amplexicaule Willd., Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J. Léonard, and Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir., are confirmed to occurr in China. Five species, Dontostemon integrifolius (L.) C. A. Mey., Draba zangbeiensis L. L. Lou, Lepidium alashanicum H. L. Yang, Sinapis arvensis L., and Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch., are reported as novelties for some provinces in China, and Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. occurs in Xinjiang, China. However, the occurrence of one genus, Pseudoarabidopsis Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price, and four species, Draba huetii Boiss., Eutrema halophilum (C. A. Mey.) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, Galitzkya spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) V. Bocz., and Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price, could not be confirmed in China. The occurrence of six species, Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz, Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb., Lepidium latifolium L., Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey., Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch., and Strigosella scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch., is not confirmed in certain provinces of China. All names follow the latest taxonomic treatment for relevant groups; detailed morphological descriptions of the newly recorded taxa are provided; and distinguishing characters from related species already known in China are discussed. Other comments are provided where needed. Key words Brassicaceae, China, Cruciferae, distribution, new record. While carrying out the programs “Joint investigation of Altay flora” (2004–2006) and “Investigation of diversity and geography of plants in mountains of northwest China” (2007), several Russian/Chinese expeditions in northwestern Xinjiang were organized. The treatment of the collected material revealed some floristic novelties, including three genera and approximately 20 species of vascular plants found in China for the first time (German et al., 2006; unpublished data, 2009). An additional focus of our work was the taxonomy, diversity and geography of Chinese Brassicaceae. For this purpose, the collections of some Chinese (PE, XJA, XJBI, XJFA, XJNM, XJU) and foreign (LE, P) herbaria of the family Brassicaceae were critically revised. Taxonomical novelties resulting from this revision are given elsewhere (German, 2008b) and floristic results are reported in the present paper. Among them, one genus and 11 species are recorded from China for the first time and ∗ Received: 16 September 2008 Accepted: 9 March 2009 Author for correspondence. E-mail: d_german@inbox.ru; Tel: 7-3852367327; Fax: 7-3852-670928. six species are confirmed as occuring in China. However, the occurrence of one genus and four species in China is not confirmed. The distribution of another 11 species (presence or absence in some provinces) is updated. 1 Newly recorded genus Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84(5– 6): 452. 1973. —— Thlaspi L. sect. Neurotropis DC. in Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2: 377. 1821. Lectotype species: N. orbiculata (Steven ex DC.) F. K. Mey. (Meyer, l.c.: 452). dddd dd Annuals, glabrous throughout, glaucous. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves entire; basal ones rosulate, shortly petiolate, ovate to suborbicular, soon withering. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-cordate or oblong, base cordate-amplexicaul, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels stout, divaricate, usually straight. Flowers minute, white. Fruit a few seeded silicle, broadly obcordate to suborbicular, apex deeply emarginate, broadly  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China winged throughout, wing prominently veined; style obsolete. Seeds ovoid, smooth, not margined. Meyer (1973) separated Neurotropis and 10 other genera from Thlaspi L. s.l., but his treatment was not accepted by most authors when they treated Thlaspi s.l. for various Eurasian “Floras” (Koch & Mummenhoff, 2001). Recently some of Meyer’s genera, including Neurotropis, have been supported by extensive molecular studies (summarized in Koch & Mummenhoff, 2001; Al-Shehbaz, 2002; Al-Shehbaz et al., 2006). Together with Noccaea Moench and Microthlaspi F. K. Mey., Neurotropis was included in a new tribe Noccaeeae AlShehbaz, Beilstein & E. A. Kellogg (Al-Shehbaz et al., 2006) that is only remotely related to Thlaspideae DC. The genus comprises three species, two of which are endemic to the Caucasus and E Turkey and the third, Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey., is widely distributed from the Middle East through Iran, the Caucasus and Middle Asia to W Himalayas (Meyer, 2001). It is reported from China (Xinjiang) for the first time in this paper. Morphological differences between N. platycarpa and the other Chinese representatives of Thlaspi s.l. are discussed below. 2 Newly recorded species 1. Alyssum szarabiacum Nyár. in Bull. Grad. Muz. Bot. Cluj 18(1–4): 97. 1938. Type: [East Kazakhstan]. Semirechenskaya province: Lepsinsky distr., range Tarbagatai, Sarabiik peak, alpine meadow and tundra, 1915-07-16; V. Sapozhnikov & T. Tripolitova s.n. (holotype, TK!; isotypes, LE!, TK!). ddddd dd Herbs perennial, cespitose, 10–15(20) cm tall, woody at base, canescent throughout with sessile, 10– 20-rayed stellate trichomes. Stems ascending, several from caudex, sterile shoots usually present. Cauline leaves subsessile or with a petiole to 7 mm long, abaxially silvery, adaxially greenish; leaf blade oblongobovate to broadly obovate, spathulate, (0.4)0.8– 1.6 cm × (1.5)2.5–6 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded or obtuse, rarely subacute. Racemes corymbose, scarcely elongated in fruit, in a dense panicle terminating each stem. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, (2)3–5 mm, slender, straight, uniformly stellate. Sepals oblong, 1.8– 2.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, persistent until fruit maturity, stellate outside. Petals yellow, broadly spathulate, (3)3.5– 4(4.5) × 1.2–2 mm, glabrous, caducous, base attenuate, apex obtuse or rounded. Filaments 1.8–2.5 mm long; median pairs unilaterally broadly winged, apically 1toothed; lateral pair with a lanceolate or narrowly ob C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 203 long basal appendage, apically obtuse or subacute; anthers oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm long. Ovules 1–2 per locule. Fruit rhomboid to broadly rhomboid, 3.5–4.5(5) × 2.5– 3.5 mm, apex obtuse; valves not veined, scarcely inflated above seeds, moderately pubescent with stellate trichomes; style (1.5)2–2.8 mm long, slender, glabrous. Seeds 1–2 per locule, ovate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, compressed, not margined. Distribution: NW China, E Kazakhstan. Rocky slopes. Alt. 1250–1800 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Emin (dd), Anonymous 29; Anonymous 324 (XJBI, sub nom. Alyssum dasycarpum Steph. ex Willd.). Alyssum szarabiacum is most closely related to A. obovatum (C. A. Mey.) Turcz. It differs from the latter species by a combination of corymbose inflorescences not or slightly elongated in fruit, sepals persistent until fruit maturity and rhomboid to broadly rhomboid, moderately pubescent silicles (Nyárády, 1949; German, 2003). Specimens of A. obovatum usually have inflorescences more or less elongated in fruit, caducous sepals and broadly elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, densely canescent silicles. Although sometimes separate characters typical for A. szarabiacum occur in some specimens of the highly polymorphic A. obovatum, the above combination is unknown in the latter species. Additionally, A. szarabiacum generally has bigger flowers and longer styles. For a long time the species was not recognized in any floras, but recently its rank has been re-established (German, 2003). In addition to the morphological differences, A. szarabiacum is separated from A. obovatum geographically and ecologically. Alyssum szarabiacum has a very local distribution, being restricted to the southern slope of Tarbagatai (German, 2003, fig. 2) where it grows on rocks in the middle and lower parts of the higher mountain belt. In contrast, the southern distribution limit of A. obovatum is the northern slope of Tarbagatai and the species occurs in various kinds of petrophytic habitats at different altitudes; it has not yet been found in Xinjiang (Zhou et al., 2001). In addition to the above new record, one more species of the section Odontarrhena (C. A. Mey.) C. Koch, Alyssum fedtschenkoanum N. Busch, should be included in the flora of China (German, 2003). The latter species was mentioned in the Flora RPS (An, 1987a: 125), but no specimens were found to confirm its distribution in China (Zhou et al., 2001). However, the locus classicus of A. fedtschenkoanum (Akkum and Blandykum sands at the left bank of the river Alkabek (right tributary of Irtysh) on the border with Kazakhstan) is situated in China and the species is still only known from a very few gatherings confined to 204 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 that small area (German, 2003: 51, fig. 2). Therefore, A. fedtschenkoanum is endemic to China and not to Kazakhstan as stated by Zhou et al. (2001) and its occurrence in Kazakhstan where it was previously reported as widely distributed in the northeast part of the country (Vassilyeva, 1961, 1969) still needs confirmation (German, 2003). 2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. in Bess., Enum. Pl. Volhyn.: 72. 1822. Type: Podolia (lectotype, designated by Dorofeyev, 1996, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & St. Petersburg) 81(3): 132, LE!; isolectotypes, LE!, KW). dddd dd Herbs biennial or perennial, (30)50–100 cm tall. Stems erect, angled predominantly in the upper part, glabrous throughout, simple or few branched above middle. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, petiole (1)3–6(8) cm, glabrous or ciliate basally; leaf blade (1.5)2–5(8) cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid with (1)2–3(4) lobes on each side of rachis, rarely unlobed; lateral lobes oblong or ovate, 2–10(15) × 1–4(6) mm, entire; terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones, up to 5 × 3.5 cm, broadly elliptic, margin entire or shallowly crenate. Middle cauline leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid, short petiolate to subsessile, with 1–3(6) oblong or ovate, entire lateral lobes to 1.6 × 0.8 cm; terminal lobe much larger than lateral ones, up to 5 × 3.5 cm, broadly elliptic or ovate, entire, crenate, repand, or rarely dentate. Uppermost leaves coarsely toothed or crenate-repand, sessile, ovate, lateral lobes often absent; all cauline leaves conspicuously auriculate, with ovate to narrowly oblong ciliate entire auricles. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals yellow, oblong, 2.5–2.8 × ca. 1 mm, erect, margin scarious, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals light yellow, oblanceolate, rounded, (3)3.5–4.5 × 1–1.2 mm, attenuate to base. Filaments yellow, 3–4.2 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long. Fruiting pedicels erect or erectascending, (2)3–5 mm long, terete or subquadrangular, glabrous, stout, slightly narrower than fruit. Fruit linear, 2–3.5 cm × 1.2–1.5 mm, terete-subquadrangular, torulose, erect, usually appressed to rachis; valve apex obtuse to subacute; style stout, 0.5–1 mm. Seeds brown, ovate or oblong, 1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1 mm, uniseriate, somewhat plump, wingless. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, NW China, Russia (European part, W and E Siberia), N Mongolia. Moist grassland, swamp, meadow. Sea level to 2000 m. China. Xinjiang (d d): Habahe (d d d), Anonymous 10253 (XJBI); Tacheng (dd), Z. Z. Xu et al. (d d d d) 93–401 (XJA); Xinyuan (d d), Anonymous 650450 (XJBI, sub nom. B. orthoceras Ledeb.); Zhaosu (dd), Anonymous 650579 (XJBI, sub nom. B. orthoceras). Barbarea stricta is the closest relative of B. orthoceras Ledeb., which is known from several provinces of N and E China. The former species differs from the latter in having smaller flowers with sepals 2.5– 2.8 mm long, petals (3)3.5–4.5 mm long and shorter fruits 2–3.5 cm long appressed to the rachis even at maturity. In contrast, B. orthoceras has sepals (2.7)3– 3.5 mm long, petals (4)4.5–6 mm long and fruits 3–5 cm long (rarely shorter) that are usually erect-ascending and not appressed to the rachis at maturity. B. stricta is also characterized by less dissected leaves, which usually have 1–3(6) lateral lobes, whereas leaves in B. orthoceras develop 2–6(10) lateral lobes. The two species occupy similar habitats (moist forests or grassy slopes, ditches, streamsides, river banks on the plain or the forest belt in the mountains) but are separated geographically: B. stricta is distributed from Europe to W Siberia with its easternmost occurrence in the western part of E Siberia; B. orthoceras is an E Asian species extending to N America. The new records from Xinjiang correspond to the SE distribution limit of B. stricta. Excluding the two specimens of B. stricta cited above misidentified as B. orthoceras, all other samples of “B. orthoceras” from Xinjiang actually represent Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton. Obviously, B. orthoceras does not occur in Xinjiang (see below). 3. Erysimum czernjajevii N. Busch in Fl. USSR 8: 115. 1939. —— E. divaricatum Czern. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 27(4): 304. 1854. (non Wallr., 1840). Type: In arenosis Songoriae ad radicem montium Arganaty [Karelin & Kiriloff , 1841] (lectotype, LE!, designated by German & Ilyinskaya, in litt.; isolectotypes, LE!, MW!). dddd dd Herbs biennial, occasionally short-lived perennial, (20)40–50(65) cm tall. Trichomes primarily malpighiaceous, 3–5(6)-fid ones also present. Stems erect, stout, much branched from the middle, usually angled, densely to moderately covered in the lower half with malpighiaceous trichomes, glabrescent above or sometimes throughout. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 1–7 cm, persistent after leaf withering; leaf blade linear, linearlanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, (2)4–8(10) cm × (3)5–8(11) mm, flat, base attenuate, margin entire, apex acute and often somewhat curved, pubescent with malpighiaceous trichomes mixed with fewer 3-fid ones; sometimes 3-fid trichomes are as numerous as 2-fid ones and single 4-fid trichomes also present. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate to sessile, entire, progressively  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China smaller upward. Racemes corymbose, densely flowered, ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels strongly divaricate, often horizontally reflexed in fruit, (3)4–11 mm, thickened, slightly narrower than fruit, straight or nearly so, glabrescent, with few 2–3-rayed trichomes. Sepals oblong-linear or oblong, 5–7 × 1–2.5 mm, moderately to slightly pubescent with malpighiaceous and 3-fid trichomes, greenish, distally often purplish, pale margined, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow, oblong-obovate or narrowly elliptic, spathulate, (0.7)0.8–1(1.3) cm × (1.5)1.8–2(2.5) mm, apex rounded, glabrous; claw distinct, subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 4–7 mm; filaments of median ones uniformly dilated; anthers linear-sagittate, 2– 2.5 mm. Fruit narrowly linear, terete-4-angled, 4–8.5 cm × 1–1.5 mm, divaricate to horizontally reflexed, straight or slightly curved; valves slightly pubescent outside with (2)3–4(6)-fid trichomes, glabrescent, glabrous inside; style obsolete or to 1 mm, cylindric, narrower than fruit; stigma capitate-bilobed. Seeds oblong, brown, 1– 1.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm. Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, N Kyrgyzstan, N Turkmenistan. Sandy desert, gentle gravely slopes. Alt. 200–1200 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Yumin (dd), Anonymous Zao 48 (XJBI, sub nom. E. hieracifolium L.); Tacheng (dd), H. L. Fen & Kelimu 352 (XJBI, sub nom. E. diffusum Ehrh.). Erysimum czernjajevii is a distinct species that can be easily distinguished from other Chinese representatives of the genus by a combination of the following characters: biennial life form; basal leaves with persistent petioles; ramose stem branching; horizontally or nearly so reflexed siliques covered with many-branched trichomes; and sparse indumentum on at least the upper half of stems, pedicels and fruits so that the whole plant (except the leaves) usually appears glabrescent. At anthesis E. czernjajevii is somewhat reminiscent of Erysimum canescens Roth but even in this state it can be immediately identified by the ovary covered with (2)3–4(6)-fid trichomes, often considerable admixture of 3-fid trichomes on leaves, and glabrous petals (0.7)0.8–1(1.3) cm × (1.5)1.8–2(2.5) mm. In contrast, E. canescens is characterized by both ovary and leaves covered with exclusively 2-fid (rarely occasional 3-fid) trichomes and petals (1)1.2–1.5(1.7) cm × 2.5–3.5 mm puberulent outside with malpighiaceous trichomes. E. czernjajevii is widespread in the desert and semi-desert zone of Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of N Kyrgyzstan and N Turkmenistan, where it grows primarily in sandy or sometimes stony areas on the plain and at the foothills. Chinese localities represent the eastern limit of its range.  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 205 4. Erysimum kotuchovii D. German in Turczaninowia 7(2): 14. 2004. Type: Kazakhstan. East-Kazakhstanian province: Sarym-Sakty range, NW foothills, vicinities of Chingistai, valley of Bukhtarma, sandy and gravely deposits, 1984-07-16, Yu. A. Kotukhov s.n. (holotype, ALTB!; isotype, Herbarium of Altai Botanical Garden, Ridder, Kazakhstan!). dddd dd Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, covered throughout with appressed trichomes. Stems erect, single or several at base, to 52 cm tall. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate; leaf blade linear-oblanceolate to linear or narrowly linear, 30–70 × 2–4 mm, long-attenuate towards base, margin entire, longitudinally folded; cauline leaves similar to the basal ones, the middle and upper leaves smaller, short-petiolate to sessile, all rather densely covered with malpighiaceous and few 3-rayed trichomes. Sepals pale yellow, 6–11 × 1.8–3.2 mm, strongly saccate, narrowly pale-margined, pubescent with malpighiaceous and 3-rayed trichomes. Petals yellow, glabrous, 12–19 × 4–7 mm, claw 8–12 mm long, limb almost round. Stamens slightly tetradynamous, the lateral 8–13 mm long, the median 9.5–15.5 mm long; filaments of the median stamens expanded to 1 mm width; anthers linear, sagittate, 2–4.5 mm long. Pedicels (1)2– 5 mm long, in fruit (2.5)5–7 mm long. Siliques linear, (14)24–39 × 1.5–2 mm, at base slightly (to 2.2 mm) widened, 4–angled, erect, moderately covered with a mixture of 3-fid and malpighiaceous trichomes oriented transversely, or parallel, or obliquely to the length of the silique (malpighiaceous trichomes of different orientation either mixed on one fruit, along the whole length or in certain parts, or only one type present), sometimes with few 4-rayed trichomes; valves with prominent, green, slightly keeled midvein; septum narrowly veined. Style slender, (3)4–6 mm long, with few 2- and 3-fid trichomes, stigma with divergent lobes 0.6–1 mm long. Seeds 0.6–1.2 × 0.7 mm, ovate or elliptic, often asymmetric, brown, biseriate, 30–40 per locule. Distribution: NW China, NE Kazakhstan, NW Mongolia. Steppe slopes, sandy and gravely deposits on river banks. Alt. 1200–2400 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Fuhai (dd), G. L. Zhu (ddd) et al. 6026 (PE, sub nom. Syrenia siliculosa (Bieb.) Andrz.). Erysimum kotuchovii is restricted to the southern part of the Altai Mountains. Its relationships are discussed below together with the following closely related species. 5. Erysimum mongolicum D. German in Willdenowia 35(2): 307. 2005. Type: Mongolia. Khobdo (Hovd) aimak, Mongolian Altai, valley of 206 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 Bodonchijn-gol, 30–35 km NE [settlement] Altai, 46◦ 05 N, 92◦ 31 E, alt. 1650–1700 m, sandy bottom of dried stream between rocks, 2003-07-17. D. A. German s.n. (holotype, ALTB!; isotypes, B!, LE!, MW!, OSBU!). dddd dd Herbs biennial, covered throughout with appressed, predominantly malpighiaceous trichomes. Stems erect, few-branched, up to 60 cm tall. Leaves up to 80 × 8 mm; blades linear-lanceolate, margin entire, basal (rosulate) and lowermost cauline leaves with a petiole 2–3.5 cm long, middle and upper cauline leaves short-petiolate to subsessile, smaller and narrower, all moderately covered with malpighiaceous trichomes mixed with few 3-fid ones. Sepals pale yellow, 8–9 mm long, strongly saccate at the base; the lateral sepals 3 mm wide, oblongovate; median sepals 1.8 mm wide, oblanceolate, narrowly pale-margined, pubescent with 2- and 3-fid trichomes. Petals yellow, glabrous, 14–18 mm long, claw 8.5–11.5 mm long, limb 5.5–6.5 mm wide, broadly elliptic or orbicular. Stamens slightly tetradynamous: lateral ones 9–10 mm long, the median ones 10.5– 12 mm long; filaments of median stamens expanded to 1 mm width; anthers linear, sagittate, 2.5–4 mm long. Pedicels 2–4 mm long, in fruit somewhat thickened and 4.5–14 mm long. Siliques linear, (15)20–28 × 1.8– 2.2 mm, occasionally shorter, base slightly (up to 2.5– 2.8 mm) widened, very gradually narrowed towards apex, strongly 4-angled, suberect, densely covered with transversely oriented malpighiaceous trichomes intermixed with few 3-fid ones; valves with prominent, green, slightly keeled midvein; septum narrowly veined. Style (4)6–7(8) mm long, with few 2- and 3-fid trichomes; stigma with divergent lobes ca. 0.8 mm long. Seeds 1.6–2.2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate, elliptic or oblongelliptic, mostly asymmetric, brown, biseriate, ca. 30 per locule. Distribution: NW China, W Mongolia. Desert, dry sandy beds of temporary spring streams (“sairs”). Alt. 1300–2000 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Qinghe (dd), Anonymous ATZ 147 (XJA, sub nom. Erysimum diffusum and Syrenia macrocarpa Vass.). The species occurs in the middle mountainous zone of the southern slope of the Mongolian Altai and neighboring Junggar Gobi. Both E. kotuchovii and E. mongolicum are closely related to Erysimum siliculosum (Bieb.) DC., which is rather common in sandy habitats of NW Xinjiang. All three belong to the group of species unreasonably treated by some authors as a distinct genus Syrenia Andrz. ex Bess. (e.g., Kuan, 1987; An, 1995). As well as these three species, one more of this group, Erysimum vassilczenkoi Polatschek, occurs in China and is worth mentioning here. Although previous records of E. vassilczenkoi from China (Kuan, 1987, as S. macrocarpa Vass.) have proved to be misidentifications of E. siliculosum (Zhou et al., 2001), the species has been recorded from the sandy area along the river Alkabek and is still known from three old gatherings confined to Akkum and Blandykum sands (just as with A. fedtschenkoanum; German, 2005). For further details, including distribution maps, voucher specimens of E. kotuchovii, E. mongolicum and E. vassilczenkoi, and also the morphological justification for uniting Syrenia with Erysimum L., the reader is referred to German (2005). The four Chinese representatives of the former genus Syrenia can be distinguished as follows: 1a. Fruits (excluding styles) 5–16.5 mm long, shorter, equalling or up to 2 times longer than styles. . . . . ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... . . . . . . . . . .2 1b. Fruits (excluding styles) (14)20–39 mm long (rarely single fruits on a plant shorter), (2.5)3– 7 times longer than styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................... ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2a. Fruits (excluding styles) 5–12(14) × 2– 3.5(4) mm; leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate, (1)2–5(8) mm wide, apex mostly acute . . . . . . . . . ......................................... ......................................... . . . . . . . . E. siliculosum 2b. Fruits (excluding styles) 15–16.5 × 3.5– 5.5(6) mm; leaves narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, up to 15 mm wide, apex rounded . . . . . . . . ......................................... ......................................... . . . . . . . . E. vassilczenkoi 3a. Fruit valve surface silvery, completely covered with very dense, exclusively transversally oriented 2-fid (or occasionally few intermixed 3-partit) trichomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................... . . . . . .E. mongolicum 3b. Fruit valve surface greenish grey, not completely covered with a mixture of 2-fid trichomes of different orientation, 3- and rarely 4-partit trichomes ......................................... ......................................... . . . . .E. kotuchovii  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China 6. Lepidium karelinianum Al-Shehbaz in Novon 12(1): 8. 2002. (non Lepidium intermedium A. Richard. 1847). —— Stroganowia intermedia Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 15(1): 162. 1842. —— Lepidium kirilowii Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 33(1): 130. 1860, nom. illeg. Type: In montosis apricis Alatau inter fluvios Baskan et Sarchan. 1841. Karelin & Kiriloff 1263 (lectotype, LE!, designated by Botschantzev, 1984, Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 21: 81; isolectotypes, B!, LE!, M!, MW!, TK!, W!, WU!). ddddd dd Herbs perennial, (30)40–70 cm tall, glabrous throughout except for petiole margins of basal leaves, these sparsely ciliate with simple trichomes. Stems erect, stout, many branched above, rounded angular. Leaves thick leathery, entire. Petiole of basal leaves to 5(9) cm long, not winged, persisting in subsequent years as fibrous remains; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, (3)7–18(24) × 1.5–5.5(7.5) cm, with several palmate main veins more prominent abaxially, base attenuate, apex acute to subobtuse, margin often undulate. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, base subamplexicaul with rounded auricles, apex acute; lowermost to 15 × 5.5 cm, middle and upper ones progressively much smaller. Inflorescence lax, paniculate. Fruiting pedicels thickish, 6–12 mm, angled, divaricate-ascending. Sepals deciduous, ovate to broadly ovate, 2–3.5 × 1.2–3 mm, glabrous or with few simple curved trichomes, with broad white margin and apex. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 3.5– 5.5 × 2–2.5(3) mm, apex rounded; claw to 2 mm. Filaments white, 2–3 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Fruit obovate, (9)10–12(15) × 6–8 mm, obscurely carinate, with distinct midvein and obscure lateral veins, base and apex subacute; gynophore 0.1–0.3 mm long, stout; style 0.4–0.8(1) mm long. Septum broadly lanceolate to elliptic, to 3.5 mm wide. Seeds brown, ovoid, 4–5 × 2–3 mm; cotyledons predominantly incumbent. Distribution: NW China, E & SE Kazakhstan. Sunny slopes, grassland. Alt. 600–1200 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Xinyuan (dd), Anonymous 84–122 (XJU, sub nom. Stroganowia brachyota Kar. & Kir.). Among Chinese Lepidium species, L. karelinianum is most closely related to Lepidium brachyotum (Kar. & Kir.) Al-Shehbaz with which it shares a robust habit, thick rounded angular stems covered at the base with fibrous petiolar remains of leaves of previous years, big entire leathery leaves with subamplexicaul bases, and comparatively big flowers, fruits and seeds. However, L. karelinianum can be easily distinguished by its broadly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic basal leaves to 18(24) cm  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 207 long on unwinged petioles to 5(9) cm long, and by its fruits (9)10–12(15) × 6–8 mm with seeds 4–5 × 2– 3 mm. In contrast, L. brachyotum has obovate-spathulate or spathulate-orbicular basal leaves 3–8(12) cm long on broadly winged petioles to 2(3) cm long, and fruits (5)7– 8 × 3–4.5(5) mm with seeds 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm. Until recently, both species were treated as members of a distinct genus, Stroganowia Kar. & Kir. However, extensive molecular based studies (Mummenhoff et al., 2001; 2009) along with the re-evaluation of morphological characters provide a sound base for a broader concept of Lepidium that includes Stroganowia and some other genera (Al-Shehbaz et al., 2002). 7. Matthiola superba Conti in Mém. Herb. Boiss. 18: 23. 1900. Type: Songarei. Schrenk (holotype, G). ddddd dd Herbs perennial, (20)25–60 cm tall, eglandular, tomentose throughout, more densely in the lower half, with finely branched dendritic trichomes, at fruit maturity becoming less hairy or rarely subglabrescent; simple trichomes sometimes present at the base of a stem and on leaf petioles. Caudex simple to many branched; stems single or several, erect, stout, usually simple, initially tomentose, later glabrescent in the upper part or throughout. Basal leaves subrosulate; petiole 3–7 cm long; leaf blade broadly to narrowly ovate, obovate, or elliptic, sometimes oblonglanceolate, 3–9 × 1–5 cm, base cuneate, margin repand, coarsely and irregularly sinuate-dentate, or pinnatifid to pinnatisect, with oblong-linear entire or dentate lobes, apex acute or sometimes obtuse, densely to moderately tomentose, rarely glabrescent. Cauline leaves similar to basal, on shorter petioles, uppermost narrower and subsessile. Fruiting pedicels (1)2–5 mm long, stout, ascending to suberect, pubescent. Sepals linear, 9–11 × 2–2.5 mm, tomentose, bases of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals dark greenish-purplish to brown-yellowish or brownish-yellow, dried usually becoming brown or brown-yellowish, (14)18–25(27) × 3–4.5(5) mm; limb linear-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat crisped, 8–12 mm long, apex obtuse; claw linear, usually slightly longer than limb. Median stamen pair 9–10 mm long, lateral pair 7–7.5 mm long; anthers linear, 3.5–4 mm long. Fruit narrowly linear, 6–10 cm × (2)2.5–3 mm, terete-flattened, slightly torulose, erect or erect-ascending; valves moderately tomentose, with a prominent midvein; style to 1 mm long; stigma capitatebilobed, lobes broad. Seeds elliptic or ovate, flattened, ca. 3.5 × 2 mm; wing 0.3–0.7 mm wide. Distribution: Kazakhstan, Russia (European part, S Siberia). Desert grassland, dry steppes, open gravely slopes, colored clays. Alt. 200–2000 m. 208 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 China. Xinjiang (dd): Bole (dd) (Bortala), Xizhi Xinjiang Exped. (ddddd) 3943 (XJBI, sub nom. Matthiola odoratissima (Pall. ex Bieb.) R. Br.); Ürümqi (dddd), Anonymous 3175 (XJU, sub nom. Matthiola stoddartii Bunge). Matthiola superba is a highly variable species in degree of leaf dissection, flower size, indumentum composition (presence or absence of simple hairs) and indumentum density. Plants may be silvery tomentose except for the inflorescence, grayish-green and glabrescent mostly in the upper half, or green and subglabrous throughout. The specimen from Bole mentioned and illustrated in Flora Xinjiangensis as M. odorarissima (An, 1995: 164–165) and later attributed to Matthiola chorassanica Bunge ex Boiss. (Zhou et al., 2001) represents “typical” M. superba. This is easily distinguished from M. chorassanica by denser indumentum in the lower part of the plant than in the upper part, dentate to pinnatisect (never entire) leaves 3–9 × 1–5 cm, petals with linear-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate (not involute) limb 3–4.5(5) mm wide, and subterete fruits (2)2.5– 3 mm wide. In contrast, plants of M. chorassanica are uniformly densely tomentose, with sinuate to pinnatifid, often entire and never pinnatisect leaves (1)2– 4.5(6) × 0.5–2(2.4) cm, petals with linear, circinately involute limb ca. 1.5 mm wide, and flattened fruits 1.5– 2.5(2.7) mm wide. Within China, M. chorassanica occurs in SW Xinjiang and in adjacent Xizang, whereas M. superba is found only in NW Xinjiang (Tian-Shan and the western part of Chinese Junggar). 8. Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84(5–6): 452. 1973. —— Thlaspi platycarpum Fisch. & Mey. in Fisch., Mey. & Avé-Lall., Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 7: 57. 1840. Type: Cult. in hort. bot. Petrop. 1840 [seeds from Turkey, leg. Wiedemann] (holotype, LE!; isotype, K). Thlaspi kotschyanum Boiss. & Hohen. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. I. ser. viii: 39. 1849. —— Neurotropis kotschyana (Boiss. & Hohen.) Czer. in Vasc. Pl. USSR: 140. 1981. Type: [Iran], In mt. Elburs supra pagum Passgala. 1843-05-06. Th. Kotschy. Pl. Pers. bor. 102 (holotype, G-BOISS; isolectotypes, B!, H, JE, K, W). Thlaspi cardiocarpum Hook. fil. & Thoms. in J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 176. 1861. Type: Afghanistan, coll. 1838–40, Griffith, 1402 Cat. Griff., 1144 Journal 1492 (lectotype, K, following Meyer, 2001, Haussknechtia 8: 49). ddddd dd Herbs annual, (2)5–30(35) cm tall, glabrous throughout, glaucous. Stems erect, simple or branched. Basal leaves short petiolate, petiole to 8 mm long; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 5–7 × 3–6 mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, soon withering. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate-cordate or oblong, 0.5– 3.5(4) cm × 2–15(20) mm, base cordate-amplexicaul, margin entire, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels 2.5–6 mm long, stout, divaricate, straight. Sepals ovate or oblong, (1)1.2–1.7 × 0.5–0.9 mm, not saccate, margin white. Petals white, spatulate or oblong, (1.5)1.7–2.5 × 0.5– 1 mm, apex rounded. Filaments 0.9–1.7 mm long; anthers broadly ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm long. Ovules (4)5– 8(10) per ovary. Fruit broadly obcordate to suborbicular, 6–12 × 6–12 mm, base obtuse, apex deeply emarginate and apical notch 2.5–3 mm deep; wings 3–4 mm wide, apically nearly as wide as at base, prominently veined throughout; style obsolete. Seeds yellow-brown, ovoid, 1.4–1.8 × 0.8–1 mm, smooth. Distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, NW China, SE Greece, N India, Iran, S Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, S Turkey, Uzbekistan, SW Asia. Stony and gravely steppe slopes. Alt. 1500– 2700 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Yining (dd): A. Regel s.n. (Sarybulak pr. Kuldscha, 4–6000 ft., 1878-04-22; LE, sub nom. Thlaspi perfoliatum L.). This species is most widely known in Asia under the name Thlaspi kotschyanum (e.g., Vassilyeva, 1961; Vinogradova, 1974; Yunussov, 1978), a species epithet accepted in the most recent worldwide checklist of the Cruciferae (Warwick et al., 2006b). However, we apply the name N. platycarpa following the latest monograph of this Thlaspi L. s.l. segregate (Meyer, 2001). The genus Thlaspi was accepted in the Flora of China, as in all previous Chinese and other Asian treatments, in a traditional (wide) sense. However, extensive molecular based studies have partly supported the split of the genus into 12 genera proposed by Meyer (briefly surveyed in Al-Shehbaz, 2002, and references therein). Four of these segregate, Mictothlaspi F. K. Mey. (1 sp.), Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey. (1 sp.), Noccaea Moench (5 spp.), and Thlaspi (1 sp.) occur in China. N. platycarpa is readily distinguished from other Chinese representatives of Thlaspi s. l. in having fruits with wings strongly veined throughout. It differs from species of Noccaea in life form (annual vs. perennial) and in its suborbicular, broadly margined fruits with sessile stigmas (vs. oblong or elliptic, narrowly or not margined fruits with distinct styles). It differs from Thlaspi arvense L. in its cordate-amplexicaul entire cauline leaves and non-striate seeds (vs. auriculate or sagittate, dentate cauline leaves and distinctly striate seeds). It differs from Mictothlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F. K. Mey. in its much bigger, 6–12 mm diam., fruits winged all round (vs. smaller fruits 3–5.5(7) × 3–4(5.5) mm winged mostly in the upper part).  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China 9. Ptilotrichum dahuricum Peschkova in Nov. Syst. Plant. Vasc. 15: 230. 1979. —— Alyssum dahuricum (Peschkova) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 14(2): 153. 2004. Type: [Russia, Chita province], Transbaikal province, Akshinsky district. Onon river basin. Mountains along the river Bukukun near the settlement Bukukunsky, Rocky southern slope, 1913-07-18. V. I. Smirnov 1986 (holotype and isotype, LE!). dddddd dd Subshrubs, (10)15–30(40) cm tall, moderately to densely pubescent throughout with short-stalked trichomes lanceolate in outline and with 2, branched, principal rays from stalk apex; each ray with 1–3 pairs of short lateral branches. Stems erect, stramineus, often several from woody base, branched above middle, sterile shoots often present. Cauline leaves numerous, dense, sessile; leaf blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, (0.5)1–2(3.5) cm × 0.5–2(3) mm, often grooved adaxially, base attenuate, apex usually acute. Fruiting pedicels slightly recurved, suberect at base, ascending above, 3–8 mm long, slender. Sepals oblong, 1.6–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, deciduous, pubescent outside and sometimes inside. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, (3.5)4–5 × (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm, glabrous, caducous, apex rounded; claw often pink, minutely papillate at base. Filaments 1.2–2.5 mm long, dilated and papillate at base; anthers oblong-ovate, 0.4–0.5 mm long. Ovules 1–2 per locule. Fruit ovate, (3)4–5 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded; valves not veined, somewhat inflated above seeds, densely pubescent; style (1)1.5– 2.5(3.5) mm long, slender, glabrous. Seeds 1 per locule, ovate-elliptic, (1.8)2–2.4 × 1–1.5 mm, compressed, not margined. Distribution: NE China, NE Mongolia, Russia (SE Siberia). Steppe slopes, grassland. Alt. 400–1200 m. China. Heilongjiang (ddd): Z. Wang et al. (d dd) 1437 (PE, sub nom. Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey. and Ptilotrichum elongatum C. A. Mey.). Jilin (dd): Baicheng (dd), Anonymous s.n. (Stipa slope. 1951-08-07; PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum). Nei Mongol (ddd): Manzhouli (dd d), Anonymous 876 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum), Sino-German exped. (ddd) 8383 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum), J. Sato 6251 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens and P. elongatum), P. Y. Fu et al. (dddd) 1959 (PE, sub nom. P. elongatum and P. canescens); [Xing’ anling, ddd], Medical Plant Exped. (ddd) 1669 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens), Medical plant exped. (ddd) 1782 (PE, sub nom. P. canescens), S. Y. Li (ddd) 217 (PE, sub nom. Ptilotrichum cretaceum (Adams) Ledeb., P. elongatum and P. canescens).  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 209 Ptilotrichum dahuricum was recently assumed to occur in NE China (Rybinskaya, 1994: 107) but that information was not based on any voucher specimens. The species is most closely related to Ptilotrichum tenuifolium (Steph. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey. from which it differs in having stramineus stems, and early withering rosette and lowermost cauline leaves absent by fruiting time. In contrast, P. tenuifolium is characterized by greenish or often purplish stems and a basal rosette and lowermost cauline leaves persistent at fruit maturity. In addition, plants of P. dahuricum are in general less densely pubescent and often appear green or slightly grayish, whereas those of P. tenuifolium are usually grayish or rarely subsilvery. Ptilotrichum dahuricum is the easternmost species of Ptilotrichum C. A. Mey.; it is the only representative of the genus occurring in the northern part of Nei Mongol and in neighboring Heilongjiang and Jilin. Previous records of P. canescens from the latter two provinces (e.g., Zhou et al., 2001) are based on misidentified specimens of P. dahuricum cited above. Ptilotrichum canescens evidently does not occur in either of these two provinces, and available data show that its eastern distribution limit is the Gobi. Zhou et al. (2001) treated Ptilotrichum as congeneric with Alyssum but molecular data (e.g., AlShehbaz et al., 2006; Warwick et al., 2008) along with the distribution patterns (mostly Central/Eastern Asian vs. SW Asian) support their distinctness and assignment to different tribes, Arabideae DC. and Alysseae DC., respectively. 10. Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge in Arb. Naturf. Ver. Riga 1(2): 151. 1847. Type: Matthiola turcomanica mihi n. sp. Turcomania bor., in promontorio Airakli [28] Mai 1840 [Al. Lehmann] (Reliquiae Lehmannianae. Herb. Al. de Bunge) [fr.] (lectotype, P!, designated by German in German et al., 2006, Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 38: 308; isolectotypes, LE!, P!, B!; syntypes, LE!, P!). ddddd dd Herbs perennial, (18)30–50(75) cm tall, glabrous and glaucous throughout. Stems usually several from the woody base, erect, stout, much branched, remains of bases of stems of previous year often present. All leaves fleshy, somewhat leathery; basal ones not rosulate; petiole broad, 0.5–2 cm long; leaf blade narrowly obovate, narrowly elliptic, broadly lanceolate or oblong, coarsely dentate, repand or runcinate-pinnatifid, (1)1.5–4(5.5) × (0.5)1–2(2.5) cm; lateral lobes if present 1–4(5) on each side, triangular to linear-triangular, entire, acute. Lower and middle cauline leaves similar to basal ones, short petiolate to subsessile, progressively smaller upward. Uppermost cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, sessile, 210 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 entire or minutely denticulate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, stout, nearly as thick as fruit, (3)4–10(14) mm long. Sepals narrowly oblong, spreading, (6)8–10(12) × 1.5– 2.5 mm, bases of lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow, spatulate, (11)12–14 × 2–3 mm; claw subequaling sepals. Stamens 7–11 mm long; anthers linear-sagittate, 3.5–4 mm long. Ovules 30–70 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, terete, 3–8 cm × 1–1.3 mm, divaricate, straight or slightly curved; valves glabrous, torulose; style stout, 1–1.5 mm long; stigma capitate-bilobed. Seeds oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.6–0.7 mm, brown, slightly margined distally. Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, W Mongolia, N Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Sandy, clay and gravely desert. Alt. 300–1200 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Qinghe (dd), Kelimu (d d d) 9291 (XJBI, sub nom. Sterigmostemum matthioloides (Franch.) Botsch.); Tuo Li (dd), Kelimu (ddd) 9251 (XJBI, sub nom. Sisymbrium altissimum L.). Sisymbrium subspinescens is not rare in the semidesert zone of Kazakhstan (Vassilyeva, 1961) and also known from a few localities in Junggar Gobi in the very west of Mongolia (Grubov, 1982; Ebel & Rudaya, 2002). The new Chinese localities bridge this artificial gap. This species is clearly distinguished from other Chinese representatives of Sisymbrium L., by a combination of robust perennial habit with woody base, leathery glaucous leaves, big flowers and a distribution in desert and semidesert habitats of NW Xinjiang. 11. Smelowskia micrantha (Botsch. & Vved.) AlShehbaz & S. I. Warwick in Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 97. 2006. —— Sophiopsis micrantha Botsch. & Vved. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbek SSR 13: 9. 1952. Type: [Uzbekistan, Fergana valley], Kara-Tepe, saline soil, 1948-04-18, Shafeyev (holotype, TASH; paratype, LE!). Yinshania albiflora Ma & Y. Z. Zhao var. gobica Z. X. An in Fl. Xinjiang. 2(2): 381. 1995. Type: [China, Xinjiang, Wusu], in the forest. 1980-05-02. Hou Wen-hu 008 (holotype, XJFA!). ddddd dd Herbs annual, 5–25 cm tall, moderately to sparsely pubescent with a mixture of soft short-stalked branched and fewer simple trichomes. Stems erect, simple or branched along lower half, pubescent throughout or distally glabrescent. Basal leaves withered by anthesis. Cauline leaves twice pinnatisect or almost so, elliptic or ovate in outline, 1.5–4(5) × 0.5–2.5 cm; petiole to 1 cm long; terminal lobe broadly lanceolate or oblong-elliptic in outline, 0.8–2 cm × 2–8 mm, proximally with 1–2(3) pairs of linear to lanceolate, entire or denticulate, acute or subacuminate, lateral lob- ules 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 mm and terminal lobule to 10 × 2.5 mm; lateral lobes 2–3 on each side of midvein, resembling terminal lobe. Racemes ebracteate, initially corymbose, later rather lax, elongated to half of the length of a stem or more. Fruiting pedicels filiform, strongly divaricate, (6)7–9(10) mm long, straight, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepals oblong, 1–1.3 × 0.3–0.4 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose with simple and branched trichomes, not saccate. Petals pale yellow, spatulate, subequaling or shorter than sepals, to 0.2– 0.3 mm wide, limb twice as long as claw, apex rounded. Filaments 0.8–1 mm long; anthers ovate, ca. 0.15 mm long. Ovules 10–12 per ovary. Fruit linear-oblanceolate, 4.5–5.5 × 0.8–1 mm, subterete, slightly torulose, ascending to suberect, forming slight angle with pedicel; valves thin, glabrous; style 0.2–0.3 mm long. Seeds light brown, elliptic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm, plump, biseriate. Distribution: NW China, N Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Riparian forests (tugais), saline places in desert. Alt. 250–450 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Shawan (dd), Xinjiang Exped. (ddddd) 735 (LE); Wusu (dd), W. H. Hou (ddd) 005 (XJFA), X. Z. Zhang (ddd) s.n. (alt. 250 m, 1985-05; XJU, sub nom. Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.), X. Z. Zhang (ddd) s.n. (near the field at alt. 252 m, 1985-05; XJU, sub nom. R. sylvestris). Smelowskia micrantha belongs to the former genus Sophiopsis O. E. Schulz, recently united with Smelowskia (Al-Shehbaz & Warwick, 2006). It is most closely related to two other Chinese representatives of this segregate, S. annua Rupr. and S. sisymbrioides (Regel & Herd.) Lipsky ex Paulsen. Like these species, S. micrantha has yellow flowers but differs sufficiently from both in its ephemeral (vs. biennial) life form, minute flowers 1–1.3 mm long with petals as long as or shorter than the sepals (vs. 2.5–4 mm long and with petals ca. twice as long as the sepals), torulose (vs. not torulose) fruits and seeds 0.5–0.7 (vs. 1.2–2) mm long. Smelowskia micrantha is the only halophytic representative of Smelowskia s.l. growing on the plains or in foothills (other species are predominantly plants of rocks of the middle or higher mountain belt or of high latitudes). The newly discovered Chinese localities of S. micrantha in China are situated ca. 1000 km distant from the next closest locality in Uzbekistan (Fergana valley). However, such a distribution is not surprising as it is known for some other Turanian ephemeral halophytes, e.g., Neotorularia rossica (O. E. Schulz) Hedge & J. Léonard also recently recorded from the Chinese Junggar (German, 2007). S. micrantha was re-described as a member of Yinshania Ma & Y. Z. Zhao by An (1995).  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China However, Yishania is unrelated to Smelowskia and no species of Yinshania is found in Xinjiang. 3 Species with confirmed occurrence in China 1. Aphragmus involucratus (Bunge) O. E. Schulz in Engler, Pflanzenreich, 86(4, 105): 198. 1924. —— Platypetalum involucratum Bunge in Enum.: 58. 1836. Type: Platypetalum altaicum. Altai, 1832, Bunge s.n. (lectotype, LE!, designated by Ebel, 1998, Turczaninowia 1(4): 22, as “type”; isolectotype, LE!). ddddd dd Distribution: NW China, E Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Russia (SW Siberia). Gravely streamsides, talus slopes, below glaciers. Alt. 2350–3700 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Fukang (dd), Anonymous 651288 (XJBI, sub nom. Eutrema edwardsii R. Br.), Anonymus 998052 (XJA); Jinghe (dd), Anonymous s.n. (XJA, sub nom. Eu. edwardsii); [Tian-Shan, dd] G. Merzbacher s.n. (LE). Aphragmus involucratus was first reported for China by Ebel (1998) based on the above collection of Merzbacher, but that information was not taken into account in subsequent treatments (Al-Shehbaz, 2000, 2003; Zhou et al., 2001). The species is distributed in the alpine belt of the Russian and Mongolian Altai and the Tian-Shan of China and Kyrgyzstan (Ebel, 1998). It is very closely related to the recently described Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz, from which it differs by broader, obovate to narrowly obovate, to 4 mm wide cauline leaves and bracts (vs. linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 1–2 mm wide in A. bouffordii). Although this difference is slight it is stable and supported by very disjunct geographical ranges (Altai and Tian-Shan vs. SE Tibet). It can therefore be accepted as sufficient for separating these two species. In the protologue of A. bouffordii, a paratype from E Tian-Shan (vicinity of Tianchi lake) was cited. Although the present authors had no opportunity to study this collection, an examination of other gatherings of Aphragmus from different parts of Tian-Shan, including specimens collected around Tianchi lake, shows that the only species of the genus occurring there is A. involucratus. Obviously, this cited paratype of A. bouffordii must in fact be a specimen of A. involucratus, and the misidentification was probably due to an unsatisfactory specimen. The strange giant disjunction (ca. 1500 km) in the assumed distribution area of A. bouffordii was emphasized by its author (Al-Shehbaz, 2003). The above evidence removes this uncertainty: A. bouffordii is en C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 211 demic to Tibet and should be excluded from the flora of Xinjiang. As for A. involucratus, besides Tian-Shan it can be expected in the highest part of the Chinese Altai on the border with Russia or Mongolia. 2. Dontostemon perennis C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 121. 1831. Type: In sterilissimis lapidosis deserti editi ad fluvium Tschuja, legit Dr. Bunge, May 1826 (lectotype, LE!, designated by German, 2005, Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 37: 239; isolectotypes, HAL!, LE!, M!, P!, W!). dddddd Distribution: NW China, Mongolia, Russia (S Siberia). Sunny slopes, rocks, dry steppes. Alt. 1200– 2900 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Hami (dd), Anonymous s.n. (sunny slope at alt. 1200 m, 1987-06-12; XJU, sub nom. D. senilis Maxim.). Before the publication of the relevant account of Flora of China, the species had been reported for four Chinese provinces (excluding Xinjiang) but none of those records were confirmed by Zhou et al. (2001: 140). However, the species is very common throughout Mongolia and was included in the Flora of China based on the high probability of its occurrence in Nei Mongol and NW China. The present finding confirms the presence of D. perennis in the flora of China and also represents a new record for Xinjiang. 3. Goldbachia torulosa DC., Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2: 577. 1821. Type: [Cult. in hort. bot. Paris., seeds collected by Michaux in SW Asia]: “in Oriente. Michaux” (G). ddddd dd Distribution: Afghanistan, Caucasus, W China, N India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Fields, roadsides, slopes in steppe. Sea level to 3900 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Aksu (ddd), Tibet Exped. (ddd) 3053 (XJBI, sub nom. Goldbachia laevigata (Bieb.) DC.); Kashi (dd) D. A. Divnogorskaya 34 (LE); Wushi (dd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (LE); Yengisar (ddd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (LE). Goldbachia torulosa was first reported in China by Botschantzev (1963: 139) without precise locality as follows: “From Turkey through Transcaucasus and Iran to India and through Middle Asia to Kashgaria” based on the above specimens from LE. G. torulosa is closely related to two of the three species of Chinese Goldbachia DC., G. laevigata (Bieb.) DC. and Goldbachia pendula Botsch. and morphologically is somewhat intermediate between them. G. torulosa differs from G. laevigata (Bieb.) DC. by cauline leaves widest at the middle and with minute auricles at base, and by 212 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 sepals glabrous or bearing a few straight simple trichomes (these characters are typical of G. pendula). In contrast, G. laevigata is characterized by cauline leaves widest at the base (in the auriculate part), and by sepals covered with crisped trichomes. G. torulosa is distinguished from G. pendula by its horizontal to ascending fruits forming a distinct angle with the pedicels (as in G. laevigata); fruits in G. pendula are reflexed and form a straight line with the pedicels. The Chinese localities represent the eastern distribution limit of G. torulosa, as with G. laevigata. In the same publication, Botschantzev (1963: 143) reported for China one more species of Goldbachia, Goldbachia verrucosa Kom., as follows: “From Afghanistan through Middle Asia to Chinese Junggar”. However, both collections on which that report was based (Ad fl. Koksu, 4000–5000 ft., 1878-5-30; Dolonkara nördl. Borochudschir, 3000 ft., 1878-5-21, A. Regel s.n. – LE) originate from Kazakhstan. Thus this species is currently not confirmed in China, although its occurrence in Yili region is quite probable. 4. Lepidium amplexicaule Willd. in Sp. Pl. ed. 3: 436. 1800. Type: Siberia, Stephan s.n. (B). dddddd dd Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, E Russia (S Siberia). Riverbanks, ditches, roadsides, wastelands, saline meadows, fields, steppe and desert slopes. Alt. 100–2100 m. China. Gansu (d d): Gaotai (d d), G. N. Potanin s. n. (1886-06-25; LE); Jinchang (dd), M. P. Petrov s. n. (LE). Nei Mongol (ddd): Alxa (dd d), S. S. Chetyrkin s.n. (LE). Sichuan (dd): Martin s. n. (LE). Xinjiang (dd): Barkol (ddd), Steppe 2nd Team (dddd) 586 (XJBI), Anonymous 87-00373, 87-00054 and 87-208 (XJU, sub nom. L. latifolium); Hami (dd), Anonymous 1512 (XJBI, sub nom. L. latifolium L.), K. C. Kuan (ddd) 456 (XJBI, sub nom. Lepidium latifolium var. affine (Ledeb.) C. A. Mey.); Kashi (dd), D. A. Divnogorskaya s.n. (1909-07-13; LE), O. E. Knorring 965 (LE); Turpan (ddd), Anonymous 2103 (XJBI), Anonymous 5 (XJU, sub nom. L. latifolium); Yiwu (dd), Liu Guo-Jun (ddd) 1899 (XJBI, sub nom. L. latifolium var. affine); without precise locality, near Hami, G. N. Potanin s. n. (1886-06-25) (LE). Lepidium amplexicaule was previously recorded from China at least twice, by Maximowicz (1889: 70) and Thellung (1906: 163, as L. latifolium L. subsp. amplexicaule (Willd.) Thell.), and both cited voucher specimens (e.g., both authors cited the above collection “G. N. Potanin s. n. 1886-06-25”), but this information has not been used in any Chinese floras. The species be- longs to the L. latifolium group which also includes Lepidium cordatum Willd ex Steven, L. latifolium and Lepidium obtusum Basin., all highly polymorphic and widespread in China. Lepidium amplexicaule is closest to and morphologically intermediate between L. cordatum and L. latifolium. It differs from L. cordatum in being green and usually pubescent (not glaucous and glabrous) with subamplexicaul or slightly amplexicaul lower cauline leaves (not deeply cordate-amplexicaul) and elliptic (not ovate or orbiculate) silicles. It can be distinguished from L. latifolium by its sessile cauline leaves with at least some amplexicaul or nearly so (vs. none amplexicaul and often attenuate at the base), and a usually not paniculate inflorescence with elongate main and abbreviated lateral branches (vs. paniculate inflorescence with all branches subequally elongate). As shown here, L. amplexicaule is rather widely distributed in the (semi)desert of NW China, especially of N Xinjiang. 5. Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J. Léonard in Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 56(3–4): 393. 1986. — — Malcolmia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1: 226. 1867. —— Sisymbrium brevipes Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 15: 154. 1842. Type: In fruticetis Songoriae ad fl. Ajagus frequens. 1841. Karelin & Kiriloff 1234 (lectotype, LE!, designated by Gubanov et al., 1998; isolectotypes, LE!, MW!, P!). ddddd Distribution: Afghanistan, NW China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkmenistan. Sandy, gravely and saline steppes and deserts, slopes. Alt. 200–2400 m. China. Xinjiang (d d): Mori (d d), Anonymous Zao 67 (XJBI, sub nom. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.); Qinghe (dd), Xinjiang Exped. (dd ddd) 10349 (PE, sub nom. Malcolmia scorpioides (Bunge) Boiss.); Taxkorgan (ddddd), Anonymous s.n. (1980; XJA); Yining (dd), A. Regel s. n. (Prope Kuldscha. 1877-05; LE). The species was included in the Flora of China based on the single collection cited as: “Przewalski s. n., 2–14 May 1879 (LE)” (Zhou et al., 2001: 185). However, that gathering: “Planitis inter S Altai et Baityk. 2/14 Mai 1879. N. M. Przewalski” (LE!) originates from the Junggar Gobi of W Mongolia and not of China. The double date on its label refers to the same date, Julian 2 May = Gregorian 14 May 1879 (the Julian calendar was widely used in Russia until 1917). That day Przewalski worked between the lake Gashun-Nor and the spring Tsagan-Tunge (Komarov, 1920) in the Gobi between the Mongolian Altai and the Baitag-Bogdo range in Mongolia. Maximowicz (1889: 54) cited this collection as Mal. brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. However, the species  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China was not included in any subsequent treatments on the flora of Mongolia until its occurrence in that country was recently confirmed, based on new collections from the same area (Smirnov et al., 2003). Another specimen cited by Maximowicz (l.c.) under the same name Mal. brevipes was collected in China ([NE foothills of E TianShan], Kuku-Syrkhe mts., Przewalski 11/23 Mai 1879) but that specimen belongs to another species, Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. Thus, the single specimen on which the record of Neo. brevipes from China was based until now in fact originates from Mongolia. However, occurrence of the species in China is confirmed here, based on the above cited four collections from quite different parts of Xinjiang. 6. Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 15(1): 147. 1842(3 I). —— Neuroloma stenocarpum (Kar. & Kir.) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(6): 673. 1972. —— Achoriphragma stenocarpum (Kar. & Kir.) Soják in Sborn. Nar. Muz. Praze 1–2: 106. 1982. Type: In rupibus montium Alatau inter fl. Baskan et Sarchan; in glareosis summarum alpium Alatau ad fontes fl. Sarchan. 1841. Karelin & Kiriloff 1197, 1199 (lectotype, LE!, designated by Botschantzev, 1972, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(6): 673; isolectotypes, B!, LE!, M!, MW!, P!, TK!, W!, WU!). Parrya stenoloma Schrenk in Fisch., Mey. & AvèLall., Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 8: 69. 1842(25 I). Type: Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir. Alpen des Tarbagatai [Schrenk 1841] (Herb. Fischer) (lectotype, LE!, designated by German, in German & Cherneva, 2008, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc., 40: 305; isolectotypes, LE!, WU!). dddd dd Distribution: NW China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. Rocky, gravely, stony and talus slopes, moraines. Alt. 1600–3200 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Hoboksar (ddddd), L. D. Yin (ddd) 72068 (XJA, sub nom. P. pulvinata M. Pop.); Yining (dd), A. Regel s. n. (Sarybulak pr. Kuldscha, 4000 ft., 1878-04; LE); A. Regel s. n. (Almatythal pr. Kuldscha, 3–6000 ft., 1878-04-25; LE); Tian-Schan (dd), G. N. Potanin s. n. (Tian-Schan orientalis, declivitas australis ad limitum superiorum sylvarum et altius, 1877-06-11; LE), G. N. Potanin s. n. (Tian-Schan orientalis, declivitas australis ad limitum superiorum sylvarum et altius. 1879-06-05; LE). Parrya stenocarpa was first reported for China by Maximowicz (1889: 42) based on several gatherings, including the two G. N. Potanin collections cited above. Later it was reported (without localities) by Botschantzev (1972a: 673) for Chinese Junggar. Although some specimens determined by Maximowicz  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 213 were later identified as other species, others in fact belong to Par. stenocarpa and the recent collection above by Yin Lidong from Saur confirms its occurrence and wider distribution in China. Parrya stenocarpa is most closely related to Parrya lancifolia M. Pop., with which it shares habit, indumentum of glandular and sometimes simple trichomes, black many-headed root, comparatively small caudex not or slightly covered with petiolar remains of leaves from previous years, emarginate petals, and soft, often undivided leaves. Par. stenocarpa is distinguished from Par. lancifolia by narrower, 2.5–3.5 (vs. 4–6) mm wide fruits with oblong-elliptic (vs. orbicular) seeds margined predominantly distally and proximally (vs. uniformly all round), and at least some leaves incised to pinnatisect (vs. all entire or rarely single ones pinnate-dentate). In the Flora of China, Par. stenocarpa was treated as a synonym of Parrya pinnatifida Kar. & Kir., but such a treatment cannot be accepted. Par. pinnatifida is characterized by a well-developed caudex covered with numerous petiolar leaf remnants, subleathery leaves all or nearly all regularly runcinate-pinnatifid with up to 9 pairs of triangular to oblong-triangular lobes, and fruits (1.5)3–5(6.5) cm long. In contrast, Par. stenocarpa has a less developed caudex without or with few petiolar remnants, herbaceous leaves some of which are usually entire or subentire and others incised to pinnatifid with 1–3(4) pairs of oblong to linear lobes, and fruits (5)7–10(12) cm long. Parrya stenocarpa is distributed in the mountains of Middle Asia (Pamir Alai, Tian-Shan, Tarbagatai, Saur) extending northward to the Altai of Kazakhstan (Vassilyeva, 1961). In Xinjiang (Saur Shan), the probability of finding the local endemic species, Parrya saurica (Pachom.) D. German & Al-Shehbaz is also very high. This most probably evolved from hybridization between Par. lancifolia and Par. stenocarpa. 4 Newly recorded/confirmed species for provinces 1. Dontostemon integrifolius (L.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 120. 1831. —— Sisymbrium integrifolium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753. Type: [Siberia]. Herb. Linn. No. 836.51 (lectotype, LINN, designated by Ebel in Cafferty & Jarvis, 2002, Taxon 51: 536). ddddd Distribution: China, Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia, Far East). Open grasslands, sandy and gravely slopes, meadows, pastures. Alt. 200–2300 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Barkol (ddd), Anonymous 45 (XJBI, sub nom. D. senilis), W. J. Roborowski 214 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 338 (LE, sub nom. Torularia glandulosa (Kar. & Kir.) Vass.); Hami (dd), Anonymous s. n. (sunny slope at alt. 1100 m, 1987-06-12; XJU, sub nom. D. senilis); Yiwu (dd), J. S. Li & Z. W. Li (d d, ddd) 058 (XJA, sub nom. Dontostemon senilis); [Eastern TianShan, ddd], W. J. Roborowski 411 (LE). The localities cited above in the eastmost part of Eastern Tian-Shan correspond to the SW distribution limit of D. integrifolius, as with Dontostemon perennis. 2. Draba zangbeiensis L. L. Lou in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(4): 320. 1987. Type: [China]. Xizang (dd), Karamiran Shankou (d d d d d d), alt. 5000 m, 1976-07-31, Gansu Univ. Exped. (ddd) 118 (holotype, PE!). dddd Distribution: Endemic to China. Alpine slopes. 4100–5000 m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Wenquan (dd), X. W. Zheng (ddd) 60-038 (XJA, sub nom. Draba melanopus Kom.). Zhou et al. (2001) have suggested that an illustration and description of Draba melanopus in the Flora Xinjiangensis (An, 1995: 129, 131) might be based on a plant of Draba zangbeiensis; which is confirmed by our study of the specimen cited above. As for Draba melanopus, although no correctly determined specimens of this species were found in the Chinese herbaria, its occurrence in China is confirmed here based on two collections by A. Regel from the Yili region, “Kuldsha, in mont. Kokkamyr, 9000 ft., 187807” and “Arystyn an d. N Seite d. Kasch, 1879-07-12” (both LE). 3. Lepidium alashanicum H. L. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 241. 1981. Type: [China], Nei Mongol, Alxa Zuoqi, 1964-07-04, Q. Zhang & B. S. Chen 0174 (holotype, LZD; paratype, PE!). dddddd Distribution: endemic to NW China. Dry gravely slopes. Alt. 1500–3000 m. China. Xinjiang (d d): Tuksun (d d d), A. Regel s.n. (1500–1800 m, 1879-09-13; LE, sub nom. Lepidium ruderale); [Kun-Lun Shan, ddd], V. I. Serpukhov 461 (LE, sub nom. L. ruderale L.). The newly revealed localities of L. alashanicum considerably expand its distribution range westward. The species is known as a small plant 4–15 cm tall (Zhou et al., 2001) but the specimen of A. Regel indicates that it can reach 30 cm high. 4. Sinapis arvensis L. in Sp. Pl.: 663. 1753. Type: [In agris Europae]. Herb. Linn. No. 845.2” (lectotype, LINN, designated by Jafri, 1973, Fl. West Pakistan 55: 29). dddd Distribution: Africa, Eurasia, N America; native to Mediterranean, naturalized elsewhere. China. Nei Mongol (ddd): Manzhouli (dd d), N. Semenov 181 (LE, sub nom. Brassica campestris L.). Until now, this weedy species was recorded in China only from Xinjiang (Zhou et al., 2001) and thus is a novelty for NE China. It is likely to be found in other regions of the country. 5. Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972. —— Dontostemon brevipes Bunge in Arb. Naturf. Veg. Riga 1(2): 149. 1847. Malcolmia karelinii Lipsky in Vid. Medd. Dansk. Nat. Foren Kjóbenhavn 25: 139. 1903. Type: [Auf sterilen Lehmhügeln um Buchara 4 April (florens)]. Reliq. Lehmann. 100. Dont. brevipes m. [Bunge]” (lectotype, P!, designated by German in German et al., 2006, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc., 38: 292; isolectotypes, P!, LE!). ddddd dd Distribution: Afghanistan, NW China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. China. Gansu (dd): Anonymous F288 (PE, sub nom. Mal. scorpioides (Bunge) Boiss.). This first record of Strig. brevipes from Gansu is based on a single collection misidentified as Strigosella scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch. (= Malcolmia scorpioides (Bunge) Boiss.). Therefore, the occurrence of Strig. scorpioides in this province is not confirmed. This conclusion is supported by the fact that all collections seen of Strig. scorpioides in China are restricted to NW Xinjiang (Junggar), and that area obviously represents the eastern distribution limit of this species. In contrast, Strig. brevipes is more widely distributed in Xinjiang, is known from Nei Mongol (Zhou et al., 2001) and was recently also found in Mongolia (Smirnov et al., 2003). Although Botschantzev (1972b) provided a sound morphological background for separating the group of Irano-Turanian species from predominantly Mediterranean Malcolmia W. T. Aiton and placed them into Strigosella Boiss. (d d d d, d d), his opinion has been mainly disregarded by subsequent authors. Strigosella was accepted as a synonym of Malcolmia in all Chinese treatments. However, molecular studies (Warwick et al., 2007) completely support their distinctness; all Chinese species previously assigned to Malcolmia belong to the unrelated genus Strigosella. 6. Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972. —— Malcolmia hispida Litv. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci.  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China Pétersb. 1: 37. 1902. Type: [Turkmenistan]. Turcomania. In deserto pr. Ashabad, ad radices montium, 189804-20. D. Litvinov 550 (LE!). ddddd dd Distribution: W China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Foothills, sandy and stony slopes, wastelands, fields, roadsides. Alt. 350– 2000 (3800) m. China. Xinjiang (dd): Akto (ddd), M. Chaffanjon 207 (Akheur [Akto] – Thibet. [18]95-04-21; P); Gongliu (dd), Lin Yourun (ddd) 74352 (PE); Yining (dd), A. Regel s.n. (Pr. Kuldscha. 1877-05-13; LE). Although Strig. hispida was reported in Flora RPS for three provinces of China including Xinjiang, Zhou et al. (2001) did not confirm any of those reports. Our study confirms that all specimens from Qinghai and Gansu and most from Xinjiang indeed belong to enormously hispid plants of Strigosella africana (L.) Botsch. (= Malcolmia africana (L.) W. T. Aiton). However, a few collections from the western part of this autonomous region do in fact represent Strig. hispida. Based on the collection by A. Regel, Strig. hispida was reported by Botschantzev (1972b: 1041) for “China (Junggar)”. Zhou et al. (2001) reported Strig. hispida as a novelty for the flora of Xizang, based on the collection cited above by Chaffanjon. However, the species should be excluded from the flora of Xizang because this single collection was made in fact in Xinjiang. Chaffanjon during his Asian itinerary in 1895 passed from Middle Asia (“Russian Turkestan”) to Mongolia through Xinjiang (Tian-Shan, Junggar, Altai) and did not visit Tibet (Chaffanjon, 1897). The species was collected along the road Akto – Tibet and obviously not far from Akto. This conclusion is in congruence with the ecology of the species, which grows mostly on the plain and in foothills rarely higher than 2000 m; moreover, the time of collection (April) is also impossible for Tibet. 5 Species where occurrence in China is not confirmed 1. Draba huetii Boiss. in Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2(5): 31. 1856. Type: In Anatolia ad Beybazar, Aucher 4058; In incultis prope Kochaponar. Maio 1853, Huet s.n. (syntypes, G, P!). dddd Distribution: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (SW Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Steppe slopes. Alt. 500–2300 m. Draba huetii was reported for China for the first  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 215 time in Flora Xinjiangensis from three localities in Tian-Shan (An, 1995: 125). Study of all three collections showed that they represent small samples of Draba eriopoda Turcz. ex Ledeb., a related species common in Tian-Shan (Qitai county. Alt. 2500 m, under the Picea forest. 1963-07-04. Anonymous 6174 (XJBI); Fukang county, Bogdo Feng, alpine meadow at alt. 3000 and 3200 m. 1969-06-30. Anonymous s.n. (XJU); Ürümqi, grassland at alt. 1200 m. 1981-07. Anonymous s.n. (XJU)). The plant pictured in Flora Xinjiangensis (p. 124) as “Draba huetii” also clearly represents Draba eriopoda. Zhou et al. (2001) neither commented on these misidentifications nor cited any correctly identified specimens of the species from China, and no such specimens have been seen by the present authors. Thus, although the presence of Draba huetii in NW Xinjiang is not impossible, its occurrence in China is currently not confirmed. 2. Eutrema halophilum (C. A. Mey) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick in Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(2): 133. 2005. —— Thellungiella halophila (C. A. Mey.) O. E. Schulz in Engler, Pflanzenreich, 86(4, 105): 253. 1924. —— Sisymbrium halophilum C. A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Alt. 3: 143. 1831. Type: [Kazakhstan]. 1037. Altai. Legi locis salsis limosis humidis in deserti occidentalioribus trans fluvium Irtysch, sub finem Julii 1826 [C. A. Meyer] (lectotype, LE!, designated by German, 2005, Not. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 37: 239; isolectotypes, LE!, P!). dddd dd Distribution: endemic to NW and Central Kazakhstan. Saline meadows, banks of salty lakes. Alt. 200– 600 m. Zhou et al. (2001) correctly assigned all previous reports of Eu. halophilum from Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, and Shandong (Jilin should be added here too) to Eutrema salsugineum (Pall.) AlShehbaz & S. I. Warwick (=T. salsuginea (Pall.) O. E. Schulz), but reported the species for Xinjiang. However, a detailed study of the morphology and geography of all species previously assigned to Thellungiella O. E. Schulz (German, 2002, 2008a) showed that the description of Eu. halophilum in the Flora of China is based on plants later recognized as a new species, Thellungiella botschantzevii D. German (= Eutrema botschantzevii (D. German) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick), distributed in Kazakhstan and neighboring Russia, and that “true” Eu. halophilum is confined to Kazakhstan. The eastern limit of its distribution runs along the western foothills of Kazakhstanian Altai and Tarbagatai at 81–81.5◦ E and its occurrence in China is not likely. Indeed, all revised collections of “Eu. halophilum” from Xinjiang in fact belong to Eu. salsugineum or represent other genera. 216 Journal of Systematics and Evolution Vol. 47 No. 3 2009 One more former member of Thellungiella, Eutrema parvulum (Schrenk) Al-Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick (= Thellungiella parvula (Schrenk) Al-Shehbaz & O’Kane) has a similar distribution in Kazakhstan and is not known to the east of 80–81◦ E in the Kazakh upland. We had no opportunity to study the specimen(s) on which a report of this species in China was based (Zhou et al., 2001) to confirm the absence of Eu. parvulum in the flora of China. However, the biogeographical facts above, along with the lack of any Chinese material of the species in any of the mentiond herbaria, is a strong argument favoring this consideration. Thus, among three former representatives of Thellungiella (merged into Eutrema R. Br.: Al-Shehbaz & Warwick, 2005; Warwick et al., 2006a) reported in the Flora of China, only one (Eu. salsugineum) is confirmed as definitely occurring in China. 3. Galitzkya spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) V. Bocz. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 64(10): 1442. 1979. —— Berteroa spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 48. 1831. —— Alyssum spathulatum Steph. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl. 3: 465. 1800. Type: [In montibus Altaicis Sibiriae], Stephan s.n. (lectotype, B!, designated by Cullen & Dudley, 1965, Feddes Repert. 71(1–3): 226, as “holotype”; isolectotype, LE). ddddd Distribution: Kazakhstan, Russia (southeast European part, SW Siberia). Dry rocky and gravely slopes, open hilltops. Alt. 350–1000 m. The only record of Gal. spathulata from China is based on “Bunge 73” (Zhou et al., 2001: 64; herbarium acronym was misprinted as F instead of P). The cited specimen (P, photo!) was collected by Alexander Lehmann during his well-known journey in 1841–1842 from Orenburg to Bukhara in NW Kazakhstan (Bunge, 1847: 141, as Bert. spathulata). The easternmost collections of this species are from western and central parts of the Zaissan depression and on the northern slope of Tarbagatai in E Kazakhstan. Hence there is some probability of its presence in the adjacent border area of China, but until now this is not confirmed by a single voucher specimen. 4. Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price in Novon 9(3): 304. 1999. —— Arabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) N. Busch in Fl. Caucas. Crit. 3(4): 457, 466. 1909. —— Arabis toxophylla Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 448. 1819. Type: Plantes circa Catherinoslawensem, 1810 (lectotype, LE! designated by Dorofeyev, 1998, Turczaninowia 1(3): 23). dddd Distribution: SE Europe (E Ukraine), N and Central Kazakhstan, Russia (south European part, SW Siberia). Saline habitats in steppe, gentle gravely slopes, foothills. Alt. 200–600 m. Data on the distribution of this steppe species remained highly controversial for a long time, especially regarding the southern and eastern limit of its range. This uncertainty first arose when Busch (1939: 79) stated that the general distribution of the species (as Arabidopsis toxophylla) is Afghanistan and W Tibet, although earlier he (Busch, 1926: 422) confined it to present-day Kazakhstan, adjacent parts of Russia and E Ukraine. A revision of all collections of Cruciferae from Central, Middle and SW Asia in LE revealed no specimens on which this strange range expansion could be based. Similarly, no collections confirming the presence of Pseud. toxophylla in either Afghanistan or Tibet were found by Hedge (1968: 333–334) or An (1987b: 287). Thus the occurrence of Pseud. toxophylla in China was not confirmed at that time. Nevertheless, the species was soon reported for China again, firstly from a single locality in the vicinity of Hami in Tian-Shan (An, 1995: 146). However, the diagnosis of Pseud. toxophylla (= Arabidopsis toxophylla) in the Flora Xinjiangensis corresponds to another former Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynh. species, Crucihimalaya mollissima (C. A. Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & Price. The cited specimen, along with all other collections from Xinjiang determined as Arabidopsis toxophylla in fact represent Cruc. mollissima (Xinjiang, Hami. Sunny slope, alt. 1100 m. 1987-06-12. Anonymous s.n. (XJU, photo XJA); Xinjiang, mountains south of Barkol, dry slope. 1961-06-06. Abdula Kelimu 1852 (XJBI); Xinjiang [without date, collector or number] (XJNM)). This is why Cruc. mollissima, which is not rare in NW China, is absent in Flora Xinjiangensis. Finally, Zhou et al. (2001) reported Pseud. toxophylla (without localities) for both Xinjiang and Xizang. They provided accurate descriptions of both species and reported Cruc. mollissima for Xinjiang, but the above mentioned mistreatments were not noted, nor were any new collections cited confirming the occurrence of Pseud. toxophylla in Xinjiang and Xizang. As this last report was based on the previous data that turned out to be wrong, currently the species is not proved to grow in China. The easternmost known localities of Pseud. toxophylla are situated in the western foothills of the Altai and Tarbagatai, and also in the western part of the Zaissan depression in Kazakhstan. The probability of its occurrence in adjacent Xinjiang is rather low and is absolutely impossible for Xizang.  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences GERMAN & CHEN: Brassicaceae in China 6 Species where occurrence in certain provinces of China is not confirmed 1. Aphragmus bouffordii Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 8(1): 26. 2003. Type: China. Xizang (Tibet, d d): Zogang (d d), Dongda La (pass), border of Markam and Zogang Xian on highway 318, 29◦ 42 39 N, 98◦ 0 9 E, alt. 5100–5300 m, scree slopes, rocky vegetated slopes and adjacent area at pass, mostly level gravelly areas around pass. 2003-07-16. D. E. Boufford, S. L. Kelley, R. H. Ree & S. K. Wu (ddd) 29463 (holotype, GH; isotypes, KUN, MO – photo!). ddddd dd Aphragmus bouffordii is endemic to SE Tibet. It does not occur in Xinjiang because the single gathering from Xinjiang reported as A. bouffordii (Al-Shehbaz, 2003) is a specimen of A. involucratus (see discussion of A. bouffordii above). 2. Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. in Index Sem. Hort. Dorpat.: 2. 1824. Type: Angara (holotype, LE?). dd The occurence of this species in Xinjiang (An, 1995; Zhou et al., 2001) is not confirmed because all collections from this province are misidentifications of two other species, Barbarea stricta and Barbarea vulgaris (see discussion of B. stricta above). 3. Lepidium latifolium L. in Sp. Pl.: 644. 1753. Type: [In Galliae, Angliae umbrosis, succulentis]. Herb. Linn. No. 824.11a (lectotype, designated by Jafri, 1973, Fl. West Pakistan 55: 60, LINN – photo!). ddddd Lepidium latifolium is excluded from the flora of Sichuan (Zhou et al., 2001) because the single collection from that province on which the record was based is a specimen of Lepidium amplexicaule (see discussion of L. amplexicaule above). In China, L. latifolium is predominantly represented by Central/Middle Asian and Siberian subsp. sibricum (Schweigg.) Thell. (= L. affine Ledeb.), characterized by cauline leaves gradually narrowed (not attenuate) at base and usually a more compact inflorescence. 4. Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 66. 1831. —— Alyssum canescens DC. in Reg. Veg. Syst. Nat. 2: 322. 1821. Type: [Altai, Salessow?] in rupestribus Sibiriae, Dahuriae et Kamtschatkae (G). ddd The occurrence of this species in Heilongjiang (An, 1987c; Zhou et al., 2001) and Jilin (Zhou et al., 2001) is not confirmed. All collections of Ptilotrichum from  C 2009 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 217 these provinces belong to Ptilotrichum dahuricum (see discussion of Ptilotrichum dahuricum above). 5. Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. ddddd The occurrence of this species in Xizang (Zhou et al., 2001) is not confirmed. The single collection on which a record for Xizang was based originates in fact from Xinjiang (see discussion of the species above). 6. Strigosella scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscou & Leningrad) 57(9): 1041. 1972. —— Dontostemon scorpioides Bunge in Arb. Naturf. Veg. Riga 1(2): 150. 1847. Type: Steppen um Kuwan-Darja 7 Mai [18]42 (Reliquiae Lehmannianae. Herb. Al. de Bunge) [fl., fr. submat.] (lectotype, P!, designated by German in German et al., 2006, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc., 38: 295). ddddd dd The occurrence of this species in Gansu (Zhou et al., 2001) is not confirmed. The single collection on which a record for Gansu was based is in fact a specimen of Strigosella brevipes (see discussion of Strigosella brevipes above). Acknowledgements We are profoundly grateful to the curators and relevant staff of all cited herbaria; to Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (Missouri Botanical Garden) for valuable comments and discussion, for reviewing this article (along with two other anonymous reviewers, and for sending an image of the isotype of Aphragmus bouffordii; and to Benoı̂t Carré (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for sending images of some specimens from P. We also wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Sylvia Phillips (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) for her careful review of the manuscript, which greatly improved the paper. 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