Phytotaxa 501 (1): 001–055 https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.1.1 The vascular plant diversity of Dzungarian Gobi in western Mongolia, with an annotated checklist SHUKHERDORJ BAASANMUNKH1,12, BATLAI OYUNTSETSEG2,13, CHULUUNKHUYAG OYUNDARI2,3,4,14, KHURELPUREV OYUNDELGER3,4,15, MAGSAR URGAMAL5,16, DAVAAJAV DARIKHAND6,17, NERGUI SONINKHISHIG2,18, DASHZEVEG NYAMBAYAR2,19, KHURELBAATAR KHALIUNAA2,20, ZAGARJAV TSEGMED5,21, ALEXEY A. KECHAYKIN7,22, ALEXANDER I. SHMAKOV7,23, ANDREY S. ERST8,24, NIKOLAI FRIESEN9,10,25, CHRISTIANE M. RITZ3,4,26, KARSTEN WESCHE3,4,11,27 & HYEOK JAE CHOI1,28,* 1 Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia 14201, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 3 Technical University Dresden, International Institute (IHI) Zittau, Chair of Biodiversity of Hihger Plants, Markt 23, 02763, D-Zittau, Germany 4 Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, D-02826, Görlitz, Germany 5 Laboratory of Flora and Plant Systematics, Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 13330, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 6 Department of Biology, Khovd University, Khovd, 213500, Mongolia 7 South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Lenina str. 61, 656049, Barnaul, Russia 8 Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zolotodolinskaya st. 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 9 Botanical Garden of the University of Osnabrueck, Albrechtstrasse 29, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany 10 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Pharmaceutical and Natural Sciences, Izmailovsky Boulevard, 8, Moscow, 105043, Russia 11 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany 12 � baasanmunkh.sh@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-9376 13 � oyunaa@num.edu.mn; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-3301 14 � oyundari@num.edu.mn; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-740X 15 � oyundelger.kh@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-7912 16 � urgamalm@mas.ac.mn; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-8239 17 � darikhand89@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8487-2759 18 � soninkhishig@num.edu.mn; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-5114 19 � nyambayar@num.edu.mn; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-839X 20 � khurelbaatar.khaliunaa@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-150X 21 � tsegmidzagarjaw@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-4918 22 � alekseikechaikin@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-4698 23 � alex_shmakov@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-4575 24 � erst_andrew@yahoo.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-0254 25 � nfriesen@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3257 26 � christiane.Ritz@senckenberg.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-6974 27 � karsten.wesche@senckenberg.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-6492 28 � hjchoi1975@changwon.ac.kr; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-6795 *Author for correspondence: � hjchoi1975@changwon.ac.kr 2 Table of contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Materials and Methods....................................................................................................................................................................................3 Study Area.......................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Discussion .....................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................................................................12 References ....................................................................................................................................................................................................13 APPENDIX 1. Annotated checklist of vascular plants of the Dzungarian Gobi region ...............................................................................19 FERN AND FERN ALLIES .........................................................................................................................................................................19 GYMNOSPERMS ........................................................................................................................................................................................20 Accepted by Jinshuang Ma: 10 Apr. 2021; published: 19 May 2021  ANGIOSPERMS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................20 APPENDIX 2. Vascular plant diversity of Dzungarian Gobi region. ...........................................................................................................48 Abstract The Dzungarian Gobi (DzG), one of 16 phytogeographical regions in the country, is located in the southwestern part of Khovd province in western Mongolia. It comprises some of Mongolia’s largest reserves, namely the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area and the National Park Bulgan gol-Ikh Ongog. We conducted a comprehensive survey of the area’s floristic diversity between 2009 and 2019 by collecting vascular plants from different vegetation types in various seasons. In addition, we critically checked relevant published literature and material from the herbaria ALTB, GLM, GWF, HAL, KHU, LE, MW, NS, OSBU, UBA, and UBU to determine the occurrence of vascular plant species in the DzG region. Based on our collection data, a comprehensive checklist of DzG’s flora was compiled, representing 913 vascular plant taxa (including 34 subspecies and one variety) belonging to 329 genera and 70 families. Twenty-one taxa were newly found in the DzG region. We also investigated the conservation status of all species noted, and 19 endemic plants and 96 threatened species, including six critically endangered, 26 endangered, 57 vulnerable, and seven near threatened plants were recognized in this region. Eight rare species were newly assessed according to regional conservation status based on GeoCat and IUCN. The richest plant families found were Asteraceae (153 species), Fabaceae (77 species), Amaranthaceae (69 species), and Poaceae (68 species). Several uncertain endemic and non-endemic plants remain still discussion, such as Papaver baitagense and Rosa baitagensis; thus, further studies are needed on their taxonomic and conservation status. For each taxon, we provide its distribution in the region, elevation range, voucher number, and additional references. Finally, we analyzed species hotspots of DzG, based on three different plant species richness criteria: i. all recorded species, ii. endemic species, and iii. threatened species using our georeferenced records. The most diverse hotspot area in DzG is the Baitag Bogd Mountain area, which comprises the highest species number of all three richness criteria. Keywords: Dzungarian Gobi, floristic diversity, endemism, conservation status, and hotspot analysis Introduction Central Asia hosts some of the largest steppe and semi-desert areas in the world (White et al. 2000), and the Gobi desert area is one of the most distinctive arid regions of Asia. The ‘Gobi’ is generally a overall cold desert, covering parts of northern and northwestern China and southern Mongolia, and is known as the transition to the Central Asian drylands (Sternberg 2015). The Altai Mountains delimit it to the north, the Taklamakan Desert to the west, the Hexi Corridor and the Tibetan Plateau to the southwest, and the North China Plain to the southeast (Sternberg 2015). Mongolia is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Its closest border is more than 600 km away from the nearest ocean; hence, the Mongolian climate is extremely continental and generally dry (Dagvadorj 2000; Wesche et al. 2016). The country has 33 large and small Gobis, which support a multitude of liveforms, even considering the extreme temperature (−40°C to +40°C) and elevation (900 to 1500 m) ranges (Sternberg et al. 2011). The western region of the Mongolian Gobi is ‘Dzungarian Gobi’ (DzG) bounded by the Altai Mountains, extending into eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China. Western Mongolia is rich in biodiversity because of its pronounced relief, representing a gradual transition from the Great Lake Basin landscapes to the mountains of the Mongolian Altai. Thus, vegetation differs by location: wetland at lakeshores, semi-desert in the plains, followed by mountain steppes and alpine vegetation at higher altitudes (Zemmrich et al. 2010; Hilbig 1995). According to Grubov (1982), DzG constitutes its own vegetation region due to its distinct habitats and the occurrence of vegetation types from two neighboring vegetation regions [i.e., Mongolian Altai (MA) and Khovd (Kh)] in the western part of Mongolia. On a larger biogeographical scale, the Dzungarian Gobi is intermediate between the floristic regions Central Asia and Middle Asia, which are connected by the Dzungarian basin in both China and Mongolia (Grubov 2010; Jäger & Hilbig 2010). The first floristic study in the DzG region was conducted by Grubov (1955), who compiled a list of 140 species in the Conspectus of Flora of the Mongolian People’s Republic. He published a more comprehensive study in 1982 (Grubov 1982), where he noted 325 species for DzG. In addition, during the three years of the Mongolian-Russian Expedition, a further ca. 80 species were recorded by Hilbig & Schamsran (1976, 1980) together with Hanelt (1970). These investigations formed the basis for proposing to distinguish separate DzG region in the Flora of Mongolia (Grubov 1982). A further checklist of the higher plants in the DzG region was compiled by Jäger et al. (1985) with 466 species. Since then, a number of floristic surveys, on new plant species records and new distribution points have been reported by Jäger (1985); Ebel & Rudaya (2002); Smirnov et al. (2003); Oyuntsetseg et al. (2013); Kechaykin  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. et al. (2014); Bekket et al. (2015); Darikhand (2017) and Oyuntsetseg et al. (2017). Moreover, von Wehrden (2009) conducted an extensive investigation of plant communities and vegetation profiles of the southern Mongolian Gobi, including Dzungarian Gobi, and several studies of plant communities and vegetation mapping focused on the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (GGB SPA; von Wehrden 2005; von Wehrden et al. 2006). In addition, Darikhand (2017) investigated the vascular plants of the northern part of the Baitag Bogd Mountain area in the DzG, which comprised 450 species. More recently, four new records of higher plants, namely Silene alexandrae B. Keller, Geranium saxatile Kar. & Kir., Ranunculus songaricus Schrenk and Saussurea bogedaensis Yu J.Wang & J.Chen were recognized in the Mongolian flora of this region (Baasanmunkh et al. 2019; Nobis et al. 2019; Baasanmunkh et al. 2020a). To date, 3200 vascular plants have been recognized in Mongolia (Grubov 1982; Gubanov 1996; Urgamal et al. 2014; Urgamal et al. 2019; Shiga et al. 2020). Among these, 120 endemic (including 13 subspecies) and 523 subendemic (including 18 subspecies) species have been recorded in the country (Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg 2017). Most of the endemic and subendemic species are Central Asian elements (Grubov 1989), while the DzG region is known for its high proportion of Taiga (especially arctic) and Alpine elements, Middle Asian desert elements (especially ephemeral), and high number of Mongolian species (Jäger et al. 1985). Hence, the region has a large number of endemic and subendemic plants compared to the other regions of Mongolia (Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg 2017). In particular, 21 endemic plant species were noted in this region, such as Astragalus baitagensis Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh., Papaver baitagense Kamelin & Gubanov and Rosa baitagensis Kamelin & Gubanov that occur only in the DzG region (Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg 2017). The flora of the DzG is relatively diverse despite the region’s rather limited spatial extension and extreme aridity. In drier regions, the overall number of livestock is regularly curtailed by drought; thus, the influence of livestock grazing in DzG is limited by climatic constraints, combined with the well-established administration of the protected areas. However, there is a pronounced effect of grazing attributed to wildlife, in which large herds are sustained in the protected areas (von Wehrden et al. 2009). Even though the anthropozoonic impact is little in the desert steppe with its non-equilibrium dynamics (Addison et al. 2012; Wesche & Retzer 2005), investigation of the present species and their conservation is crucial for rangeland management. Thus, the present study aimed to (i) contribute to knowledge of floristic diversity of vascular plants in DzG, (ii) review the conservation status of selected rare and threatened species, and (iii) perform an analysis of hotspots for vascular plants, and endemic and threatened species to reveal conservation gaps in DzG. Materials and Methods Study Area Geography and Climate The Dzungarian semi-desert basin is bounded by the Altai Mountains in the north and the Tian Shan mountains in the south, and it is located in Khovd Province in the southwest part of Mongolia at the Chinese border (Xinjiang) (Fig. 1). It forms a unique desert region in Mongolia (Grubov 1982), lying between 99°59ʹ and 94°08ʹ eastern longitude and 46°00ʹ and 45°18ʹ northern latitude. The region comprises several high mountains, such as Baitag Bogd (3400 m), Khavtag (2800 m), Takhiin Shar Nuruu (2727 m), Khalzan (2105 m), and Mergen (1883 m). The DzG benefits from the influence of western disturbances (von Wehrden et al. 2006) and receives appreciable winter rains of 50–70 mm (Wesche et al. 2016), which indicates the similarity to the regions of Middle Asia to the west. Moreover, the region has a temperate continental arid climate, characterized by cold winters and hot summers, with extreme differences in daily temperature from frost at dawn to over 30°C at noon (Burnik Šturm et al. 2017; Chimed-Ochir et al. 2010; Oyunmunkh et al. 2019; Oyundari et al. 2021). The length of the growing season with a mean temperature >8°C decreases along the altitudinal gradient from 180 to 107 days. The annual average temperatures decrease from 3.2 to–4.5°C between 1185 and 2430 m. Sand storms with wind velocities surpassing 15m/s occur, on average, 50 days a year (Oyundari et al. 2021). THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  FIGURE . The vegetation types of the DzG region derived from Oyundari et al. (2021). Vegetation The Gobi province is part of the Central Asian desert region (Meusel et al. 1995). The vegetation types in the DzG region include saline sites, steppes, desert steppes, mountain steppes, mountain meadows, and forest steppes, and they are distributed in different elevation zones from 1100 m to 3400 m (Fig. 1; Oyundari et al. 2021). For instance, peculiar species such as Lonicera hispida occur with Juniperus sabina in Khavtag mountains (Fig. 2A, B), Larix sibirica with grasses in mountain scree in the Baitag Bogd mountains (Fig. 2C, D), saxaul, and Anabasis with Salsola in most parts of DzG (Fig. 2E, F), and Allium mongolicum with grasses in GGB SPA (Fig. 2G, H). The dominant vegetation types are desert and desert steppe (Fig. 1), yet this region also constitutes a small area of forest and high mountains along the northern border of the region (Gunin et al. 1999; von Wehrden et al. 2009). Fauna Heterogeneity of the habitats results in a high biodiversity, not only for plants but also for animals. The DzG’s vast plain hosts large steppe herbivores: Asiatic wild ass (Kaczensky et al. 2011), Black-tailed gazelle, (Buuveibaatar et al. 2017) and reintroduced Przewalski’s horse (Souris et al. 2007); endangered carnivores include Corsac fox and Snow leopard, and there are also many small mammal species, including the endangered Gobi Jerboa (Lkhagvasuren & Samiya 2004; Shar et al. 2015). These species were among the prime reasons to implement conservation management and establish by several protected areas in the region. The DzG region contains the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (GGB SPA) and Bulgan gol-Ikh Ongog National Park (BGIO NP). The GGB is one of the largest SPAs (about 18357 km2) in the world, and was established in 1975 with the main focus to protect and maintain the populations of equids (Equus ferus przewalskii and E. hemionus hemionus) (Souris et al. 2007). The Bulgan gol-Ikh Ongog NP was established along the Bulgan River in 1965 with a size of ca. 2460 km2 to conserve the Eurasian beaver, which was once close to extinction for both its fur and castoreum (Batbold et al. 2016). Herders follow their traditional seasonal mobility. Therefore, except for permanently settled areas along river floodplains and some moist depressions, most parts of the Dzungarian Gobi are uninhabited for the larger part of the year. The most dominant herbivores are goats, the numbers of which have continuously increased over the last 30 years (Oyundari et al. 2021).  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE . Selected types of characteristic landscape in DzG region: A, B. Khavtag Mountain range, A. Loniceria hispida growing within the Juniperus, B. Typical landscape from Khavtag mountain, C, D. Baitag Bogd Mountain range, C. Larix sibirica with Trollius altaicus, E, F. The dominant habitats in the DzG region, E. saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron), F. Anabasis and Salsola, G, H. Great Gobi B SPA, G. Allium mongolicum, H. wild ass (Equus hemionus). THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Plant collection data Our botanical expeditions were conducted over several growing seasons from May to August between 2009 and 2019. During the field trips, we collected approximately 2000 herbarium specimens from the DzG region. In addition, we critically checked herbarium materials from ALTB, GLM, GWF, HAL, KHU, LE, MW, NS, OSBU, UBA, and UBU (herbarium codes according to Thiers 2019-) as well as the virtual guide of Mongolia (Rilke et al. 2013). Moreover, we checked the herbarium of Khovd University (KHU), where 593 herbarium specimens were stored between 1980 and 2019 in this region (most of the records are included in Darikhand 2017). Plant specimens were identified using available flora and other publications (Grubov 1982; eFloras 2008; Nyambayar 2009; Urgamal 2009; Dariimaa 2014; Dariimaa & Saruul 2017; Tungalag 2020). The floristic list is presented alphabetically following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) and the Conspectus of the Vascular Plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014). For the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), we followed an alternative treatment to the Conspectus of the Vascular Plants of Mongolia (German 2015). The naming of some genera and species of Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae) followed Sukhorukov et al. (2013; 2019). The final checklist of each species and authors is based on the International Plant Names Index (IPNI, www.ipni.org), Plants of the World Online (POWO, www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/), and The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org/) together with recent taxonomic revisions and specialist recognition. Notes on general distribution data of each species were according to the phytogeographical regions of Mongolia (Grubov 1982; Gubanov 1996; Urgamal et al. 2014): 1-Khuvsgul, 2-Khentei, 3-Khangai, 4-Mongolian Dauria, 5Foothills of Great Khingan, 6-Khovd, 7-Mongolian Altai, 8-Middle Khalkha, 9-East Mongolia, 10-Depression of Great Lakes, 11-Valley of Lakes, 12-East Gobi, 13-Gobi Altai, 14-Dzungarian Gobi, 15-Transaltai Gobi, 16-Alashan Gobi (Fig. A1). The categories of threats were determined from regional red lists (Nyambayar et al. 2011; Oyuntsetseg et al. 2018; Urgamal 2018; Urgamal et al. 2019), and the conservation status of selected rare plants was determined by the Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool (GeoCAT based on IUCN classification) based on 4 km2 grid cells. This tool performs rapid geospatial analysis based on georeferenced data and automatically evaluates the conservation status solely based on the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) values (Bachman et al. 2011). The categories and criteria of threatened species were defined according to IUCN (2019). The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the National University of Mongolia (UBU), the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (GLM), the Korea National Herbarium (KH), Altai University (ALTB), and Khovd University (KHU). All photographs of the species and habitats were taken during the field observations by B. Oyuntsetseg, H.J. Choi, S. Baasanmunkh, and A.A. Kechaykin. Biodiversity mapping We compiled all species records from our field collections, herbarium specimens, published literature and some data included in Oyundari et al. (2021) for biodiversity mapping. A total of 6209 georeferenced occurrence records belonging to 805 species of 302 genera were used to analyze the species richness in the DzG region. Among these, 152 records of endemic species and 551 records of threatened plant species (including critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, and near-threatened) were examined. The DzG region was divided into 105 grid cells with size of 20×20 km2 to map species richness and threatened plants. Results Floristic diversity The comprehensive floristic checklist of the DzG region comprises 913 taxa (including 34 subspecies and one variety), representing 70 families, and 329 genera (Appendix 1). The important species-rich families were Asteraceae (153 species), Fabaceae (77 species), Amaranthaceae (69 species), Poaceae (68 species), and Brassicaceae (54 species) (Table 1). The genera Artemisia, Astragalus, Allium, and Carex were the most species-rich with 49, 41, 23, and 15 species, respectively (Table 1). In addition, we found 21 species that were previously not recorded in the DzG region (Table 2).  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. TABLE . A) The most well represented families (≥25 taxa) and B) the most well represented genera (≥10 taxa) in the DzG region. A) B) Genus Family Taxon Taxon Asteraceae 153 Artemisia 49 Fabaceae 77 Astragalus 41 Amaranthaceae 69 Allium 23 Poaceae 68 Carex 15 Brassicaceae 54 Taraxacum 15 Rosaceae 39 Chenopodium 11 Caryophyllaceae 34 Saussurea 11 Polygonaceae 34 Silene 11 Boraginaceae 29 Juncus 10 Cyperaceae 29 Lamiaceae 25 Ranunculaceae 25 TABLE . List of newly recorded species in the DzG region. No Taxon Family 1 Agropyron michnoi Roshev. Poaceae 2 Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Poaceae 3 Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel Amaryllidaceae 4 Aster alpinus L. Asteraceae 5 Cerastium pusillum Ser. Caryophyllaceae 6 Comastoma tenellum (Rottb.) Toyok. Gentianaceae 7 Draba subamplexicaulis C.A.Mey Brassicaceae 8 Ephedra monosperma C.A.Mey. Ephedraceae 9 Goniolimon krylovii A.V.Grebenjuk Plumbaginaceae 10 Haplophyllum dauricum (L.) G.Don Rutaceae 11 Klasea marginata (Tausch) Kitag. Asteraceae 12 Kobresia smirnovii N.A.Ivanova Cyperaceae 13 Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze Plumbaginaceae 14 Neopallasia pectinata (Pall.) Poljakov Asteraceae 15 Nepeta densiflora Kar. & Kir. Lamiaceae 16 Pedicularis flava Pall. Orobanchaceae 17 Polygala comosa Schkuhr. Polygalaceae 18 Potentilla schmakovii Kechaykin Rosaceae 19 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Pall Cyperaceae 20 Silene intramongolica Lazkov Caryophyllaceae 21 Smelowskia alba (Pall.) Regel Brassicaceae The results showed that 19 endemic plant species inhabited in the DzG region (Table 3). Among them, Astragalus pseudovulpinus Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh., and Rosa baitagensis Kamelin & Gubanov were Dzungarian endemics. Moreover, several endemic species, such as Aconitum gubanovii Luferov & Vorosch., Ajania grubovii Muldashev, Astragalus granitovii Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh, Astragalus sanczirii N. Ulziykh., Caragana gobica Sanchir, Papaver baitagense Kamelin & Gubanov, Potentilla schmakovii Kechaykin, Ranunculus arschantynicus Kamelin, Schmakov & S. Smirnov, Scorzonera grubovii Lipsch., and Veronica sapozhnikovii Kosachev occur only in the DzG and MA regions. Other Mongolian endemics, including Oxytropis bungei Kom., Saussurea saichanensis Kom. ex Lipsch., Artemisia assurgens Filatova, and Taraxacum junatovii Tzvelev which are widely distributed in Mongolia, are shown in Table 3. THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  TABLE . List of Mongolian endemic plant species recorded in the DzG region. Taxon Family Distribution region Aconitum gubanovii Luferov & Vorosch. Ranunculaceae 7, 14 Ajania grubovii Muldashev Asteraceae 7, 14 Artemisia assurgens Filatova Asteraceae 7, 11, 13, 14, 15 Astragalus granitovii Sanczir ex N.Ulziykh. Fabaceae 7, 14 Astragalus pseudovulpinus Sanczir ex N.Ulziykh. Fabaceae 14 Astragalus sanczirii N.Ulziykh. Fabaceae 7, 14 Atraphaxis kamelinii O.V.Yurtseva Polygonaceae 14 Caragana gobica Sanchir Fabaceae 7, 14 Oxytropis bungei Kom. Fabaceae 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13,14 Papaver baitagense Kamelin & Gubanov Papaveraceae 7, 14 Potentilla gobica Soják Rosaceae 7, 14 Potentilla schmakovii Kechaykin Rosaceae 7, 14 Ranunculus arschantynicus Kamelin, Schmakov & S. Smirnov Ranunculaceae 7, 14 Rosa baitagensis Kamelin & Gubanov Rosaceae 14 Saussurea saichanensis Kom. ex Lipsch. Asteraceae 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14 Scorzonera grubovii Lipsch. Asteraceae 7, 14 Taraxacum junatovii Tzvelev Asteraceae 3, 7, 13, 14 Veronica sapozhnikovii Kosachev Plantaginaceae 7, 14 Zygophyllum neglectum Grubov Zygophyllaceae 14, 16 Conservation status During the field trips, we found 96 threatened plant species from the DzG region in Mongolia. In particular, critically endangered (six species), endangered (26 species), vulnerable (57 species), and near threatened (seven species) plants were found (Table 4). In addition, eight species were newly assessed as rare with respect to new regional conservation status, which occurred only in two to 10 individuals in few localities in the DzG (Table 5). Information on the category and criteria for each of these species is discussed in the species list (see Appendix 1). TABLE . The number of taxa noted in DzG, and number of threatened and endemic species. Family Genus Species Endemic Threatened Total 70 329 913 19 129 Critically Endangered (CR) 6 6 6 1 6 Endangered (EN) 17 23 26 3 26 Vulnerable (VU) 25 49 56 - 57 Near threatened (NT) 5 7 7 - 7 Least concern (LC) 15 25 26 - 26 Data deficient (DD) 6 6 7 2 7 Plant biodiversity hotspots We conducted hotspot analyses based on all recorded species, endemic plants, and regional threatened plants (Figs. 3, 4). A total of 6209 distribution records of vascular plants belonging to 805 species and 302 genera were analyzed, of which 152 records of 19 endemic plants belonged to 16 genera and eight families. The 550 records of 93 threatened species comprised 67 genera and 31 families (including CR, EN, VU, and NT). Most of the material (90%) was provided with information on collection locality, but for some material, it was not possible to extract sampling coordinates. Therefore, our analyses were based on the 805 species, and 6200 distribution records that were collected across the entire region, which should be sufficient for the analysis. Depending on the region’s topography, the number of species differed strongly, especially in mountainous areas, and river basins hosted high diversity due to their various microhabitats and relatively high moisture availabitity. As a result, the Baitag Bogd Mountain range had the highest species richness, number of endemic plants, and threatened species (Figs. 3B, 4A, B) followed by the Bulgan River basin. Appromaximetly 440 vascular plant species were recorded in the Baitag Bogd Mountain range, which accounts for 48% of the total species noted in the DzG.  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE . A. General topography of DzG region and B. Species richness of the DzG region mapped in 20 km2 grid cells. Color of the grid cells corresponds to ranges of species number. THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  FIGURE . Distribution of A. Threatened species (including CR, EN, VU and NT), and B. Endemic species richness in the DzG region mapped in 20 km2 grid cells. Red grid cells in the map correspond to centres of species richness. 0 • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. TABLE . Newly assessed rare species from DzG region in Mongolia. Taxon Family AOO (km2) EOO (km2) Category and Criteria Allium carolinianum DC. Amaryllidaceae 80 EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) 418 Allium pallasii Murr. Amaryllidaceae 48 386 CR, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Delphinium iliense Huth. Ranunculaceae 16 - EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Ligularia thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) Pojark. Asteraceae 16 - EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Limonium myrianthum (Schrenk) Kuntze Plumbaginaceae 64 8316 VU, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Matthiola superba Conti Brassicaceae 16 - EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Plantago arachnoidea Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Plantaginaceae 16 - EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) Ranunculus songaricus Schrenk Ranunculaceae 16 - EN, B1+B2ab(ii,iii,iv) AOO—Area of Occupancy and EOO—Extent of Occurrence values. Discussion Floristic diversity During the past decades, Mongolia’s flora has been intensively surveyed, mailnly by joint expeditions of Russian, German, and Mongolian scientists, providing fundamental knowledge on these plants (e.g., Grubov 1955; Hilbig & Schamsran 1980; Grubov 1982; Gubanov & Hilbig 1989; Gubanov 1996). More recently, many researchers have focused been on new species and new records of vascular plants in Mongolia (e.g., Baasanmunkh et al. 2019a, b, c; Nobis et al. 2019; Urgamal et al. 2019; Zhao et al. 2019; Pyak & Pyak 2019; Shiga et al. 2020). In addition to flora studies on the national level, protected areas are of relevance for floral surveys. The most comprehensive floristic study to date, which has comprised long-term monitoring research since 2003, has been conducted in the Hustai National Park (Tserendulam et al. 2018). In contrast, many other studies carried out in protected areas were based on short-term surveys and/or captured certain growing period seasons. Several protected areas have been investigated broadly in Mongolia, such as Gobi Gurvan Sayhan NP (Wesche et al. 2005a, b) GBB SPA (von Wehrden et al. 2006), Tarvagatai Nuruu NP (Ariuntsetseg et al. 2008), Munkhkhairkhan NP (Oyuntsetseg et al. 2017), Kherlen Toono Mountain Nature Reserve (NR) (Shagdar & Yadamsuren 2017), Ikh Nart NR, (Reece et al. 2019) and Numrug SPA (Baasanmunkh et al. 2019c); however, comprehensive plant checklists are still missing for many regions and protected areas of the country. In this work, we focused on one of the most critical and unique desert regions of Mongolia (DzG), which comprises the protected areas GGB SPA and BGIO NP and borders China. The GGB SPA is one of the largest protected areas in central Asia, representing 60% of the total area of the DzG region. This SPA is currently the only place where two wild equid species coexist and share their range with a domesticated third equid species (Burnik Šturm et al. 2016). Since the first floristic checklist of DzG, conducted by Jäger et al. (1985) comprising 466 vascular plant species, the number of species in this study has almost doubled. We compiled all data from our field surveys (2009–2019), additional herbarium material collected by various other researchers (ALTB, GLM, GWF, HAL, KHU, LE, MW, NS, OSBU, UBA, and UBU), publications on the DzG, as well as the Ph.D. thesis of Darikhand (2017), which was carried out in the Baitag Bogd Mountain range of DzG. Finally, our extensive checklist of the DzG region comprises 913 vascular plant taxa in the area of 32460 km2, which accounts for 28% of the Mongolia’s vascular plant species residing in 2% of total territory of Mongolia (1500000 km2). Regarding species conservation status, a regional assessment has been carried out in recent years (Nyambayar et al. 2011; Oyuntsetseg et al. 2018; Baasanmunkh et al. 2019c; Urgamal et al. 2019). This resulted in 630 taxa (ca. 20%) of the total Mongolian flora which are considered to be threatened, including 45 (7%) species assessed as critically endangered, 146 (23%) as endangered, 219 (35%) as vulnerable, and 103 as near threatened (16%), as well as 61 (10%) as least concern and 64 (10%) as data deficient. In the DzG region, a total of 96 (ca. 15%) threatened species of vascular plants were recorded, thereby demonstrating that the western part of Mongolia is characterized by a higher occurrence of threatened species (Pyak et al. 2008; Oyuntsetseg et al. 2018; Urgamal et al. 2019). In addition, eight rare species (Allium carolinianum, Allium pallasii, Delphinium iliense, Ligularia thompsonii, Plantago arachnoidea, Limonium myrianthum, Matthiola superba and Ranunculus songaricus) were assessed according to regional conservation status for the first time (see Table 3). THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Endemism is also one of the crucial targets of conservation efforts as endemic species can easily become threatened or even extinct owing to their already restricted distribution range (Lamoreux et al. 2006). Meaningful assessments of endemism must relate to a defined area, and in Mongolia 120 endemic (including 13 subspecies) and 523 subendemic (including 18 subspecies) plant species were noted (Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg 2017). Many endemic plant species also occur in Russia and China (e.g., German et al. 2012; Erst et al. 2017) and are noted as subendemic (Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg 2017). In this study, we neither considered subendemic species for the analyses nor mentioned them in the checklist due to difficulties of correct evaluation. During our field survey, we found 19 endemic plants from the DzG region (Table 4), which is ca. 19% of the total endemics of Mongolian flora, again showing the importance of conservation of their habitats. However, the current taxonomic status of some endemic plants remains unresolved in Mongolia. Hence, further taxonomic revision is needed for some endemic plants, such as Rosa baitagensis Kamelin & Gubanov and Papaver baitagense Kamelin & Gubanov. Plant biodiversity hotspots Analyses of conservation gaps and hotspots have been commonly used to allocate conservation resources, mainly identifying areas with a high priority for biodiversity conservation (Kier & Barthlott 2001). Several researchers have recently studied the hotspots of plant diversity that have primarily focused on endemic plant species worldwide (e.g., Zhang et al. 2016; Noroozi et al. 2018). Similarly, several important studies on plant diversity hotspots and analysis of conservation gaps were conducted in Xinjiang, China at the border to the DzG region of Mongolia based on woody or seed plant species (Zhang & Zhang 2014; Huang et al. 2018). To date, there have been no studies on hotspots and gap analyses of vascular plants conducted in Mongolia due to limited field observations and herbarium collections for any given region. Our analyses therefore represent, the first hotspot and conservation gap analysis of the vascular plants in Mongolia and based on our georeferenced data and herbarium specimens from this region, we found that vascular plant species are unevenly distributed across the DzG region with the highest concentration of the species in mountain ranges, where different habitat types exist. Huang et al. (2018) also reported that Xinjiang’s floral hotspots are located in mountainous areas, mainly in the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains, and the western mountainous regions in Junggar (Dzungaria). Our results suggest that a hotspot of plant species, endemics, and threatened plants is located in the Baitag Bogd Mountain range (Figs. 3, 4). Thus, conservation of the habitats in this mountain range must be taken into consideration to maintain these the biodiverse hotspots. Conclusion Dzungarian Gobi constitutes a semi-desert and steppe ecoregion that, accommodates significant plant diversity. In this study, we compiled floral expedition data over 11 years, and all available herbarium specimens collected by various researchers to present a comprehensive checklist of DzG. A total of 913 taxa documented from this region represent a disproportionally large share of flora considering its total area. In particular, 28% of the vascular plant species reside in 2% of the total Mongolian territory. However, the high diversity of the region was concentrated in mountain ranges and river basins, especially on the Baitag Bogd Mountain and Bulgan river basin. For the first time, we conduceted a biodiversity hotspot analysis in Mongolia with the DzG region as a case study. This analysis revealed regions that comprised the highest diversity of species, endemics and threatened species. Biodiversity hotspot analysis should be conducted frequently to manage habitat and landscape conservation, thereby avoiding potential biodiversity loss. Acknowledgments Our study was supported by a research project (“A survey on the vascular flora of Mongolia”; Grant No. KNA 1-2-20, 14-4) of the Korean National Arboretum (KNA), Republic of Korea; WATERCOPE project funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (Grant No. I-R-1284); and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Germany; and “Seed Grant” from the National University of Mongolia, Mongolia; and Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 19-74-10082, Ranunculaceae), Russia. The authors are very thankful to all our colleagues and students: Ts. Dejidmaa, E. Uuriintsolmon, G. Byamba-Yondon, A. Namuun, T. Ariunzaya, U. Khaliun, J. Bayarbaysgalan, G. Anar, B. Erdenezul, L. Gurguliimaa, and Ts. Batsugar, who helped with the collection of herbarium specimens. Finally, the authors thanks to the specialists helped for identification of some species and genera: Dr. D.A. German (Altai State  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. University, Russia) for some species of the family Brassicaceae; Dr. A.P. Shukhorukov (Moscow State University, Russia) for several species of the family Amaranthaceae; Dr. G. Lazkov (National Academy of Science, Kyrgyzstan) for the genus Silene; Dr. C-S. Jang (Baekdudaegan National Arboretum) for the genus Juncus and Dr. P. Kosachev (Altai State University, Russia) for the genus Pedicularis. Finally, we would like to thank Editage (www.editage.co.kr) for English language editing. This study is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author. References Addison, J., Friedel, M., Brown, C., Davies, J. & Waldron, S. (2012) A critical review of degradation assumptions applied to Mongolia’s Gobi Desert. 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Growth form (Gf) was based on the main floristic works and other publications for Mongolia and references are given in the list. The regional conservation status (CS) follows Nyambayar et al. (2011) [1], Oyuntsetseg et al. (2018) [2], Urgamal et al. (2019) [3], and this study [4]: CR = critically endangered, EN = endangered, VU = vulnerable, NT = near threatened, and LC = least concern. Regional distribution (RD) in Mongolia was based on Grubov 1982; Gubanov 1996 and Urgamal et al. (2014): 1-Khuvsgul, 2-Khentei, 3-Khangai, 4-Mongolian Dauria, 5-Foothills of Great Khingan, 6-Khovd, 7-Mongolian Altai, 8-Middle Khalkha, 9-East Mongolia, 10-Depression of Great Lakes, 11-Valley of Lakes, 12-East Gobi, 13-Gobi Altai, 14-Dzungarian Gobi, 15-Transaltai Gobi, and 16-Alashan Gobi (Fig. A1). From 2015, the new distribution of species in the DzG region was marked by plus (+). Elevation (E) of each taxon was based on our field observations and the herbarium specimens as well as references. Some taxa had no information on elevation. Voucher specimens (V) of each taxon were noted according to the relevant herbarium records. In the case no voucher information was present, we added the corresponding references and other references. The endemic plant species status followed Urgamal et al. (2014) and Urgamal & Oyuntsetseg (2017). FIGURE A. Map of phytogeographical regions of Mongolia according to Grubov (1982) and photos with general vegetation types. (W—high mountains in the west; N—forest and forest steppe in the north; S—desert and desert steppe in the south; E—steppe and typical steppe in the east) FERN AND FERN ALLIES EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense L. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–2030. V: UBU140029, GLM164888, MW0168293] Equisetum fluviatile L. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Equisetum palustre L. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. [CS: CR (3). RD: 14. E (m): 2030. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014); Darikhand (2017)] ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium ruta-muraria L. [RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1520. V: ALTB. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. [RD: 8, 14. E (m): 1530. V: ALTB. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] CYSTOPTERIDACEAE Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernhardi [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. 15. E (m): 1800–2805. V: UBU140253, GLM164887, MW0168082] GYMNOSPERMS CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus sabina L. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (1). RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1865–2600. V: UBU141082, KHU8333, MW0168503, GLM164886, NK000288526] EPHEDRACEAE Ephedra equisetina Bunge [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (1), EN (2). RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1140–2010. V: UBU187(11a), KHU4991, GLM175773] Ephedra glauca Regel [Gf: Shrub. RD: 12, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Mey. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2750. V: UBU140982, UBA2019049, HAL56009, GLM164890, MW0168556] Ephedra lomatolepis Schrenk [Gf: Shrub. RD: 12, 14, 15. E (m): 1630–1890. V: UBU140076, UBA2019050] Ephedra monosperma C.A.Mey. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14+. E (m): 1150–2530. V: UBU141054, KHU4710, OSBU22726] Ephedra przewalskii Stapf [Gf: Shrub. RD: 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1075–2760. V: UBU140235, OSBU22628, HAL57290, GLM164883, MW0168577] Ephedra sinica Stapf [Gf: Shrub. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1260–2195. V: KHU2312, GLM175776] PINACEAE Larix sibirica Ledeb. [Gf: Tree. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. E (m): 1900–2600. V: KHU8116, MW0168455] ANGIOSPERMS ALISMATACEAE Alisma gramineum Lej. [Gf: Herb. RD: 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0168861] Alisma plantago-aquatica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. UBA01516, V: MW0168867] Sagittaria natans Pall. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 4, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1200–1500. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Sagittaria trifolia L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 4, 5, 9, 14. E (m): 1200–1500. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] AMARANTHACEAE Note: The nomenclature and synonyms of some species followed Sukhorukov et al. (2013, 2019) and Tungalag (2020). Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. (≡ Corispermum squarrosum L.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1165– 2165. V: UBA2019004, KHU11166] Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 9, 10, 12, 14. E (m): 2100–2115. V: KHU11164. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Amaranthus retroflexus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 2010–2150. V: UBU140369, KHU11165. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Anabasis aphylla L. [Gf: Subshrub. CS: VU (2). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1095–2150. V: UBA2019009, KHU11181] Anabasis brevifolia C.A.Mey. [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1090–2320. V: UBU140370; KHU11183; GLM165849, HAL57369] Anabasis elatior (C.A.Mey.) Schischk. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1090–2190. V: UBA2019010, KHU11179, GLM165850] 0 • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Anabasis eriopoda (Schrenk) Paulsen. [Gf: Subshrub. CS: VU (1). RD: 14. E (m): 1220–2135. V: UBA2019011, KHU11180] Anabasis pelliotii Danguy. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1310–1980. V: UBA2019012, KHU11182] Anabasis salsa (C.A.Mey.) Benth. ex Volkens [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 14. E (m): 1295–1855. V: UBU190(11a), UBA2019013, KHU11184, OSBU22855] Anabasis truncata (Schrenk) Bunge [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1150–1490. V: UBA5418; KHU2019758, GLM166018] Atriplex cana C.A.Mey. [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 14. E (m): 2145. V: UBA1315. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Atriplex laevis C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1000–2600. V: UBU190(11a); UBA9095, UBU140481, KHU11155, MW0176184] Atriplex sibirica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1145–2700. V: UBA2794, UBU140401, KHU11153] Atriplex tatarica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1420–2320. V: UBU140541, UBA2019025, KHU11154] Axyris hybrida L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2065. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Axyris prostrata L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Bassia prostrata (L.) Beck [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1145–2220. V: UBU140326, KHU11159] Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1450–2165. V: KHU11158, MW0176418] Camphorosma monspeliaca subsp. lessingii (Litv.) Aellen. [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 6, 10, 14. Ref: Tungalag (2020)] Ceratocarpus arenarius L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1390–1695. V: UBU140472, UBA03122, OSBU22873] Chenopodium acuminatum Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1085–1675. V: MW0176042] Chenopodium album L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1125–2065. V: UBU140038, HAL57375, MW0175993] Chenopodium ficifolium Smith. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1030–2070. V: KHU11148] Chenopodium foliosum Ascherson [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1430–2420. V: UBU140631, OSBU22668, GLM165916] Chenopodium frutescens C.A.Mey. [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1240–1390. V: UBU140485, OSBU22648] Chenopodium glaucum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2150. V: UBU140483, UBA2019035, KHU11147, MW0176082] Chenopodium hybridum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1660–2125. V: MW0176139] Chenopodium karoi (Murr) Aellen. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Chenopodium rubrum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1450–1730. V: KHU11151, GLM165918] Chenopodium strictum Roth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 9, 14. E (m): 1590–2220. V: KHU11146] Chenopodium vulvaria L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1965–2220. V: KHU11149] Climacoptera affinis (C.A.Mey.) Botsch. [RD: 14. E (m): 1120–1725. V: KHU2192. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Climacoptera subcrassa (M.Pop.) Botsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1600. Ref: Tungalag (2020)] Corispermum mongolicum Iljin [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1195–1755. V: MW0176442; HAL57388] Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1275–1520. V: UBU140199, UBA2019045, MW0176042] Grubovia dasyphylla (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Freitag & G.Kadereit (≡ Bassia dasyphylla (Fisch. & Meyer) O. Kuntze). [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1105–2110. V: UBU140862, UBA2019026, KHU11160; HAL27371] Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb. [Gf: Subshrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1050–1750. V: OSBU22656, KHU6950] Halogeton arachnoideus Moq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1065–2115. V: UBU140452, UBA160, GLM175728] Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1095–1880. V: UBA2019067, OSBU22865, HAL57372] Halostachys caspica C.A.Mey. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14, 15. V: UBA2019068. Ref: Tungalag (2020)] Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1030–1710. V: UBU140275, UBA2019069, KHU6928, OSBU22650, HAL57473] Iljinia regelii (Bunge) Korov. [Gf: Subshrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1115–1720. V: UBA01173, KHU6929, NS0007487] Kalidium caspicum (L.) Ung.-Sternb. [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1490–1615. V: KHU11167] Kalidium cuspidatum (Ung.-Sternb.) Grub. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–2010. V: UBU140144, UBA2019077, KHU11169, OSBU22655, GLM175729] Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1030–1700. V: UBU140409, UBA186, KHU6930, NS0007578] Kalidium gracile Fenzl. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–1710. V: UBA9674, KHU11168, OSBU22657] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Kochia krylowii Litv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1310–2008. V: UBA2019079, KHU11163, MW0176353] Kochia melanoptera Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1120–2400. V: UBA190, KHU11162, MW0176372] Kochia stellaris Moq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. 1215–1585. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1050–2320. V: UBU140142, KHU11156, OSBU22691] Krascheninnikovia ewersmanniana (Stschegl. ex Losinsk.) Grubov [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1136–2220. V: UBU193(11a), KHU11157, GLM166022] Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bunge [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1080–1905. V: UBA2019092, KHU6059] Nanophyton mongolicum U.P.Pratov [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1320–1520. V: UBA698] Oxybasis gubanovii (Sukhor.) Sukhor. & Uotila (≡ Chenopodium gubanovii Sukhor.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1950–2210. V: KHU11150. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Petrosimonia sibirica (Pall.) Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Tungalag (2020)] Salicornia europaea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1150–1655. V: UBA12371, GLM166004] Salsola abrotanoides Bunge [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2010. V: GLM175719] Salsola arbuscula Pall. [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1080–1735. V: UBU140212, UBA1523] Salsola collina Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1085–2000. V: KHU11173] Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad. ex Schult. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1255–2220. V: UBA2019113, KHU11172. Ref: Gubanov (1999); Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Salsola monoptera Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1655. V: GLM175731] Salsola paulsenii Litv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1090–1895. V: UBA90910, HAL57370] Salsola rosacea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Tungalag (2020)] Salsola tragus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1095–1715. V: UBA2019114. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1065–2090. V: KHU11174, GLM175734] Suaeda corniculata (C.A.Mey.) Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1450–1485. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Suaeda heterophylla Bunge ex Boiss. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1220–1655. V: KHU11176. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Suaeda linifolia Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 2065. V: KHU11175. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Sympegma regelii Bunge [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1030–2010. V: UBU140697, UBA2019127, GLM166014] AMARYLLIDACEAE Allium altaicum Pall. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2000–2480. V: KHU11017, MW0173188, OSBU22673] Allium amphibolum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1510–2140. V: UBU260(11e), KHU11022] Allium austrosibiricum N.Friesen [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2000–2425 V: OSBU23930] Allium bogdoicola Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1720–2700] Allium carolinianum DC. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1660–2745. V: UBU141373, KHU11029] Note: The first record of this species was described from the DzG region in Mongolia (Oyuntsetseg et al. 2013). It is a relatively small population of approximately 400 plants in close to 0.5 acres at the western slope of the Baitag Bogd Mountain in DzG (Oyuntsetseg et al. 2013). The population number is decreasing due to climate change and grazing. In this study, the estimated extent of occurrence was 418 km2 and the estimated area of occupancy was 80 km2. Thus, Allium carolinianum has been assessed as endangered. Allium eduardii Stearn [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1950. V: UBU] Allium galanthum Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1260–2620. V: UBU141166, KHU11018] Allium hymenorhizum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2000. V: MW0173380] Allium karelinii Poljak. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2075–2740. V: UBU141377, KHU11026, MW0173382, OSBU22674] Allium lineare L. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1720–2500. V: OSBU22675] Allium mongolicum Turcz. ex Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1215–2560. V: UBU140356, KHU11028, MW0173427, OSBU22620, GLM175816] Allium oliganthum Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1300. V: HAL57404] Allium pallasii Murr. [Gf: Herb. CS: CR (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1355–1630. V: UBU375(11d), GLM175817. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Note: This species is endemic to Altai and Dzungaria and represents a rare species in the Altai region (Sinistyna & Konarev 2018). In  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Mongolia, the species occurs only in the DzG region (Sančir 1992; Friesen 1995; Oyuntsetseg et al. 2017) but it is very rare even in that area. The population number is decreasing due to desertification, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated extent of occurrence was 386 km2 and the estimated area of occupancy was 48 km2. Thus, Allium pallasii has been assessed as Critically Endangered. Allium platyspathum subsp. platyspathum Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2350. V: UBA2019008, UBU000, MW0173210] Allium platyspathum subsp. amblyophyllum N.Friesen [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2145. V: OSBU22672] Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14+, 15, 16. E (m): 1905–3240. V: UBU] Allium pumilum Vved. [Neo-Endemic (Pyak et al. 2008). Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1755–2700. V: KHU11027, OSBU22829. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Allium strictum Schrader [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1905–3240. V: OSBU22678] Allium subtilissimum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 14. E (m): 1150–2830. V: UBU140916] Allium ubsicola Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1535–2200. V: ALTB1100012661] Allium vodopjanovae N.Friesen [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 2035. V: OSBU] Allium sp. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2035. V: UBU, OSBU22680, OSBU22836, OSBU23936] Note: This species was previously identified as A. flavidum Ledeb. However, it differs from A. flavidum based on our molecular analysis and chromosome count as well as some morphological variations. This taxon is a new species for science from Mongolia and will be described in the future. APIACEAE Angelica archangelica subsp. decurrens (Ledeb.) Kuvaev [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1980–2205. V: UBU141307, UBA001362, KHU11407] Bupleurum mongolicum V.M.Vinogr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2015–2760. V: UBA2019027, KHU11408] Carum carvi L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1130–2680. V: UBA2019031, KHU11414, MW0186069] Cenolophium denudatum (Fisch. & Hornem.) Tutin [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: UBA00-1030(60), MW0186374] Cicuta virosa L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 2030–2155. V: UBA2019036, KHU11413] Ferula bungeana Kitag. [Gf: Herb. RD: 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1825–2495. V: UBA01448, KHU11411, GWF40314] Ferula caspica M.Bieb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1650–2600. V: UBA0192, KHU11412, MW0186518] Ferula dissecta (Ledeb.) Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 14. V: UBA00-1027] Ferula dubjanskyi Korovin [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. V: UBA2019053] Ferula feruloides (Steud.) Korovin. [Gf: Herb. E (m): 1135–1505. V: UBU247(11e), KHU5434] Ferula mongolica (V. inogr. & Kamelin) V.Vinogr. & Kamelin [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1235–2350. V: UBU140044, UBA00-1540, KHU11410, MW0186536, OSBU22652, GFW40315] Ferula potaninii Korovin ex Pavlov [Gf: Herb. E (m): 1175. RD: 14. Ref: Urgamal (2009)] Libanotis buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1980–2530. V: UBA00-1311, KHU11416, OSBU22717] Libanotis condensata (L.) Crantz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. E (m): 1735–2220. V: UBA2019083, KHU11417] Libanotis eriocarpa Schrenk. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1875–2700. V: UBA00-1987] Libanotis grubovii (V.M.Vinogr. & Sanczir) M.L. Sheh & M.F.Watson [Gf: Herb. E (m): 1900. RD: 7, 13, 14, 15. V: UBU140990, UBA2019084, KHU11415, MW0593860] Pachypleurum alpinum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2200. V: UBU140219, UBA01379] Peucedanum falcaria Turcz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1630–1640. V: UBA00-1004, GLM175726] Prangos ledebourii Herrnst. & Heyn [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. V: UBA00-1050] Seseli mucronatum (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Pimenov & Sdobnina [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0186267] Sium suave Walter [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–2200. V: KHU11409, MW0186175] APOCYNACEAE Apocynum pictum Schrenk [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 14, 15. E (m): 1030–1890. V: UBU140889, UBA2019015, OSBU22663] Apocynum venetum L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14. E (m): 1300. V: UBA2879. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum (Willd.) Rech.f. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1230–1410. V: KHU1340] Cynanchum gobicum Grubov [Gf: Herb. RD: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1900–2360. V: KHU11322] Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K.Schum. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1095–1890. V: UBU140188, GLM165974, MW0187941] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus gobicus Ivanova ex Grubov [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1065–1585. V: UBA00106, KHU11035] Asparagus neglectus Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Asparagus tamariscinus Ivanova ex Grubov [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1295. V: UBA2019019, MW0173795] ASTERACEAE Note: The regional distribution and synonym of each species followed Dariimaa (2014) and Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2020). Achillea asiatica Serg. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1980–2350. V: UBA01685, KHU11373] Ajania fruticulosa (Ledeb.) Poljakov [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–2700. V: UBA1432, KHU11361, GLM175723] Ajania grubovii Muldashev [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1775–2345. V: UBU140834, UBA2019007, MW0192082] Ancathia igniaria (Spreng.) DC. [Gf: Herb. CS: NT (2). RD: 3, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1880–2500. V: UBU141002, UBA2019014, KHU11375, OSBU22735, GLM165982] Artemisia aksaiensis Y.R.Ling [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1550–2950. V: KHU11381] Artemisia anethifolia Weber ex Stechm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 1670–1730. V: KHU11380] Artemisia anethoides Mattf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 2100. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Artemisia annua L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1285–2600. V: UBU140756, UBA2019017, KHU11388, MW0192323] Artemisia assurgens Filatova (≡ Seriphidium assurgens (Filat.) K. Bremer & Humphries ex Y.R. Ling.) [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 11, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia borotalensis Poljakov (≡ Seriphidium borotalense (Poljakov) Ling & Y.R.Ling. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia caespitosa Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1650–1850. V: UBA2849, GLM175741, GFW38624] Artemisia compacta Fisch. ex DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1225–2220. V: KHU11389] Artemisia demissa Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. V: UBA5235] Artemisia depauperata Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia dracunculus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1115–1635. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Artemisia frigida Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. 1095–2200. V: UBU140929, GLM175711, KHU11385] Artemisia glauca Pall. ex Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia globosa Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2080–2480. V: UBA01830, KHU11390] Artemisia gobica (Krasch.) Grubov (= Artemisia mongolorum subsp. gobica Krasch.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1285–2200. V: UBA01927, KHU11379, GLM175710] Artemisia gracilescens Krasch. & Iljin. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1105–2200. V: UBA1548, KHU6039] Artemisia heptapotamica Poljakov (≡ Seriphidium heptapotamicum (Poljakov) Y.Ling & Y.-R. Ling) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia implicata Leonova [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 16. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Artemisia klementzae Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2000. V: KHU11382] Artemisia laciniata Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia macrocephala Jacq. ex Besser [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1150–1895. V: UBU140525, UBA2019018, MW0192836, GLM175712] Artemisia mongolica (Fisch. ex Besser) Fisch. ex Nakai [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1685–2140. V: UBA01974, KHU11392, GLM175713] Artemisia mongolorum Krasch. (≡ Seriphidium mongolorum (Krasch.) Ling & Y.R.Ling) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1230– 2100. V: KHU11391, MW0192902] Artemisia obtusiloba Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1830 V: UBA01927] Artemisia ordosica Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 2260. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Artemisia phaeolepis Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 2750. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Artemisia pubescens Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia pycnorhiza Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1685–2200. V: KHU6046] Artemisia rupestris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. V: UBA223] Artemisia rutifolia Stephan ex Spreng. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1125–2010. V: UBA1502, GLM175714]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Artemisia saissanica (Krasch.) Filatova [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14. 2330. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz. ex Krasch. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1090–2430. V: UBU140050, UBA1755, KHU11383, GLM175715] Artemisia schischkinii Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1705–1785. V: GLM175716] Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Artemisia sieversiana Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1450. V: MW0193160] Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1615–2750. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Artemisia stolonifera (Maxim.) Kom. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia subchrysolepis Filatova (≡ Seriphidium subchrysolepis (Filatova) K. Bremer & Humphries ex K.Bremer & Humphries) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Artemisia subdigitata Mattf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 2140. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia sublessingiana Krasch. ex Poljakov (≡ Seriphidium gorjaevii (Poljakov) Y.R.Ling) [Gf: Herb. CS: DD (3). RD: 7, 8, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1145–1905. V: MW0191695. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Artemisia tanacetifolia L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia terrae-albae Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1155–1850. V: UBA1441, KHU10171, GLM175740] Artemisia tomentella Trautv. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1245 V: UBA01832, MW0193220] Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 9, 12, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Artemisia viridis Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. V: UBA247] Artemisia vulgaris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1450. V: MW0193235] Artemisia xanthochloa Krasch. [Gf: Herb. CS: NT (1). RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1385–2155. V: GLM175718] Artemisia xerophytica Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1090–2700. V: UBU140700, UBA243, KHU11387, GLM175720] Askellia flexuosa (Ledeb.) W.A. Weber [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1655. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Aster alpinus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14+. E (m): 2600. V: GLM166057] Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus Novopokr. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1235–2015. V: UBA02074, KHU11377, OSBU22653. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Asterothamnus heteropappoides Novopokr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2065–2990. V: UBU140011, UBA2019021, KHU11378] Asterothamnus poliifolius Novopokr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 2011. V: UBA2019022, GLM175738] Bidens cernua L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14+. V: GLM175722] Bidens tripartita L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0191918] Brachanthemum mongolicum Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 12, 14. E (m): 1180–2760. V: UBA163, KHU11370, MW0192110, OSBU22654, NS0009528] Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljakov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–2220. V: UBU140821, KHU11362, GLM165908, OSBU22634] Chondrilla lejosperma Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1000–1450. V: MW0169999] Cirsium esculentum (Siev.) C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1784. V: GLM175737] Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Cousinia affinis Schrenk. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1385–1955. V: UBU140004. Ref: Oyuntsetseg et al. (2018)] Crepidiastrum akagii (Kitag.) J.W.Zhang & N.Kilian [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1630–2200. V: UBU140934, GLM165976] Crepidifolium tenuifolium (Willd.) Sennikov [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1755–2420. V: KHU11399, MW0194909] Crepis multicaulis Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1755–2150. V: KHU11365. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Crepis tectorum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 7, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Doronicum oblongifolium DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0193362] Doronicum turkestanicum Cavill. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 14. E (m): 1955–2700. V: UBU140147, KHU11374, GLM165969] Echinops gmelinii Turcz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1130–1965. V: KHU11367] Echinops humilis Bieb. [Paleo-Subendemic (Pyak et al. 2008). Gf: Herb. CS: NT (3). RD: 3, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1880–2145. V: UBU140999, UBA2019046, OSBU22736] Echinops integrifolius Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1520–2345. V: UBU141215, OSBU22718, MW0193701, KHU11366, THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  UBA2019047, GLM165933] Echinops nanus Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1250. V: GLM165934] Echinops ritro L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1285–1580. V: UBU140760, UBA2019048, OSBU22899] Elachanthemum intricatum (Franch.) Y. Ling & Y.R. Ling [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1220–1655. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Erigeron altaicus Popov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2345–2620. V: UBU141148, UBA01665, MW0191620] Erigeron eriocalyx (Ledeb.) Vierh. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2950. V: GLM165935. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Filago arvensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 8, 10, 14. V: UBA1650] Galatella altaica Tzvelev [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1495. V: UBA258] Galatella dahurica DC. (= Galatella macrosciadia Gand.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0191572] Gnaphalium baicalense Kirp. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1130–2745. V: UBU140545, UBA2814, KHU11359, MW0191315, GLM165942] Hyalea pulchella (Ledeb.) K. Koch (≡ Centaurea pulchella Ledeb.) [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (1). RD: 7, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Inula britannica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1035–1965. V: UBU141551, UBA01275, KHU1580, MW0191836, OSBU22853] Ixeridium graminifolium Tzvelev [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 1640–1640. V: UBA2653, Oyundari et al. (2021)] Jurinea chaetocarpa (Ledeb.) Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1445–3130. V: UBU140208, UBA2019076, OSBU22621] Jurinea margalensis Iljin. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1250. V: GLM165998] Jurinea mongolica Maxim. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). E (m): 1445–1865. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. V: UBU140347, MW0194039] Jurinea multiflora (L.) B.Fedtsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Karelinia caspia (Pall.) Less. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Kaschgaria komarovii (Krasch. & Rubtzov) Poljakov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1095–2950. V: UBA2019078, KHU11358, OSBU22913, MW0192201, HAL57392, GLM166054] Klasea marginata (Tausch) Kitag. (≡ Serratula marginata Tausch) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14+. E (m): 1035–1965. V: UBU] Lactuca serriola L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14, 15. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1065–3200. V: UBU140615, KHU11400] Lactuca undulata Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2405. V: MW0194763] Leontopodium campestre (Ledeb.) Hand.-Mazz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2200–2950. V: UBU141044, MW0191693, GLM165954] Ligularia songarica (Fisch.) Ling. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). E (m): 1535–2600. RD: 14. V: KHU11368] Ligularia thomsonii (C.B. Clarke) Pojark. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1980. V: UBU141300, UBA2019085] Note: This species was previously recorded in DzG region by Dariimaa (2009). In our field survey, we found about 100 individuals from one place in this area. However, regional conservation status has not yet been assessed. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated area of occupancy is 16 km2. Thus, Ligularia thompsonii has been assessed as Endangered. Ligularia thyrsoidea Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1465–2030. V: KHU11369] Neopallasia pectinata (Pall.) Poljakov [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14+, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–1705. V: UBU140586, UBA2019093] Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–1705. V: UBU140605, UBA2019107, GLM166020, MW0194228] Rhinactinidia eremophila (Bunge) Novopokr. ex Botsch. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1507–3200. V: UBU266(11e), GLM166019. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Saussurea amara (L.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1235–2220. V: UBA2019115, KHU11401, MW0193789, OSBU22664] Saussurea bogedaensis Yu J.Wang & J.Chen [Gf: Herb. CS: CR (Baasanmunkh et al. 2020b). RD: 14. E (m): 2345–3130. V: UBU20180340, MW0193875. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2020b)] Note: This species was previously known as S. involucrata but based on morphological and molecular analysis is has been identified as S. bogedaensis (see detail Baasanmunkh et al. 2020b). Saussurea daurica Adams [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1130–1850. V: KHU8635 Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Saussurea grubovii Lipsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1050–2360. V: KHU11403, GLM166056AB, LE01024903–Holotype, image seen. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Saussurea laciniata Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Saussurea popovii Lipsch. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3) RD: 14. E (m): 2010. V: GLM175746] Saussurea pricei N.D.Simpson [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1640–3130. V: UBU140140, KHU11404] Saussurea pseudoalpina N.D.Simpson [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1125–2410. V: KHU11405] Saussurea pseudosalsa Lipsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Dariimaa (2014)] Saussurea saichanensis Kom. ex Lipsch. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1285–2805. V: UBU140257] Saussurea salsa (Pall. ex Pall.) Spreng. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16. E (m): 1050–2700. V: UBU140891, UBA2019116, KHU11402] Scorzonera capito Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1585. Ref: Tzvelev (2008)] Scorzonera grubovii Lipsch. [Endemic. CS: EN (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1250–1525. V: GLM165996. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Scorzonera ikonnikovii Lipsch. & Krasch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1055–2760. V: UBU140937, UBA2019120, KHU11395, MW0194392, GFW44148, GLM165997] Scorzonera mongolica Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1465–1875. V: UBU140038] Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 2320–2700. V: UBU140123, KHU11394. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Scorzonera pseudodivaricata Lipsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1350–2750. V: GLM175744, GFW44152] Scorzonera pusilla Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 8, 14. E (m): 1500–1520. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Scorzonera radiata Fisch [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Senecio ambraceus Turcz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Senecio dubitabilis C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1620–2405. V: UBU140147, KHU1940, MW0193459, GLM175743] Senecio jacobaea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1135–1175. V: MW0193547. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Senecio pricei N.D. Simpson [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2345–2740. V: UBU141428, MW0193576] Senecio subdentatus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 2300. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Sonchella dentata (Ledeb.) Sennikov [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14, 15. E (m): 2950. V: KHU11360. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Sonchella stenoma (DC.) Sennikov [Gf: Herb. RD: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Sonchus arvensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1620. V: UBU140420, MW0194648] Sonchus brachyotus DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2555. Ref: Tzvelev (2008)] Sonchus oleraceus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum armeriifolium Soest [Gf: Herb. CS: DD (3). RD: 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. 2320. V: UBU140088. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 1735–1950. V: UBA2019133] Taraxacum collinum DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum commixtiforme Soest [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2070–2480. V: KHU11397] Taraxacum dealbatum Hand.-Mazz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1365–2705. V: UBA01327. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Taraxacum eriopodum (D.Don) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2065–2200. V: KHU11398] Taraxacum glabrum DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0194543] Taraxacum junatovii Tzvelev. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0194545] Taraxacum leucanthum (Ledeb.) Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1140–1360. V: UBA2019134. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Taraxacum monochlamydeum Hand.-Mazz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Taraxacum parvulum DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum puberulum G.E.Haglund [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2480. V: MW0194598] Taraxacum sinicum Kitag. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum tibetanum Hand.-Mazz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Taraxacum turgaicum Schischk. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0194646] Tragopogon ruber S.G. Gmel. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1280. V: GLM166053. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Tragopogon songoricus S.A.Nikit. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1825–2480. V: UBU141143, MW0194295, HAL44122, GLM165978] Xanthium strumarium L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16. E (m): 1295. V: UBU141606] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  BETULACEAE Betula microphylla Bunge [Gf: Tree. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1300–2985. V: UBA1440, KHU2184, HAL117761] BORAGINACEAE Anchusa arvensis subsp. orientalis (L.) Nordh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1910–1975. V: KHU11311] Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 13, 14. E (m): 1240–1880. V: UBU140148, HAL57332] Arnebia guttata Bunge [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1280–2630. V: UBU140901, UBA2019016, KHU11310, OSBU22881, GLM165853] Asperugo procumbens L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1810–1985. V: UBU140040, KHU11301, GLM165854] Craniospermum canescens DC. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 3, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1825–2700. V: UBU140056, GFW44661, GLM166045] Craniospermum gubanovii Ovczinnikova [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1800. V: MW0188419] Note: This species was newly described from DzG region by Ovczinnikova (2020). Craniospermum mongolicum I.M.Johnst. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1250–1280. V: GLM165913] Craniospermum subvillosum Lehm. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1640–2185. V: MW0188420. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Cynoglossum divaricatum Stephan ex Lehm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 8, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 1880–2150. V: KHU11308, OSBU22737. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Eritrichium thymifolium (DC.) Y.S.Lian & J.Q.Wang [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1950–2710. V: UBA1600, MW0188238] Eritrichium villosum (Ledeb.) Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2035–2685. V: UBU140233, KHU11309. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Lappula balchaschensis Popov ex Pavlov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1630. V: UBA194, KHU11303] Lappula consanguinea (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Gürke [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1280–2685. V: MW0188272, GLM165959] Lappula intermedia (Ledeb.) Popov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1650–2165. V: UBA2851, KHU11306] Lappula macrantha (Ledeb.) Gürke [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1950. V: MW0188327] Lappula occultata Popov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Lappula semiglabra (Ledeb.) Gürke [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1290–2155. V: UBA271, KHU11305. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Lappula stricta (Ledeb.) Gürke [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15. E (m): 1120–2065. V: UBA2019081, KHU11304, MW0188340, GLM165962] Lappula tenuis (Ledeb.) Gürke [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Lindelofia stylosa (Kar. & Kir.) Brand [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1705–2620. V: UBA268, UBU140273, KHU11300, MW0188179, GLM166225AB] Myosotis alpestris F.W. Schmidt. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 1910–2480. V: KHU11302. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Myosotis caespitosa Schultz [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Myosotis suaveolens Waldst. & Kit. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 2800–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Nonea caspica (Willd.) G.Don [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1240–1285. V: UBU140802, UBA2824, HAL57330] Nonea pulla (L.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 1800. V: MW0188457] Onosma gmelinii Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2345. V: UBA01378, MW0188653] Rindera tetraspis Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1035–2345. V: UBU140155, KHU11312, MW0181118, OSBU22866, ALTB1100006327, GLM166012] Rochelia bungei Trautv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Rochelia leiocarpa Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 6, 14. E (m): 1590–1610. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] BRASSICACEAE Note: The regional distribution and synonyms of each species followed German (2015). Alyssum tenuifolium Stephan ex Willd [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: German (2015)] Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. V: UBA1596] Camelina microcarpa Andrz. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 4, 14. E (m): 1575. Ref: German (2015)] Cardaria pubescens (C.A.Mey.) Jarm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2220. V: UBU140609, UBA9094, KHU11270, MW0179524, OSBU22858, GLM165909] Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1150–2780. V: UBA2857, KHU11290, OSBU22307] Chorispora sibirica (L.) DC. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1880–2500. V: MW0180514, OSBU22883. Ref: German  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. (2015)] Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2145–2500. V: UBU140081, KHU11287, MW0180516, OSBU22729, GLM165912] Conringia planisiliqua Fisch. & C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1075–2220. V: UBU141508, KHU11275, MW0180566, OSBU22878, GLM165911] Crucihimalaya mollissima (C.A.Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, O‘Kane & R.A. Price [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1800–2700. V: UBU140066, GLM166016, MW0180094] Crucihimalaya rupicola (Krylov) A.L.Ebel & D.A.German. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1800–2750. V: GAT6912849. Ref: German (2015); Bekket et al. (2015)] Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1880–2685. V: UBU140028, KHU11274, MW0180048, OSBU22685, GLM165865] Dontostemon crassifolius (Bunge) Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1410–2700. V: KHU11281] Dontostemon elegans Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–2700. V: UBU141213, KHU11279, OSBU14740, GLM165963] Dontostemon senilis Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–2600. V: KHU11280, GLM175758] Draba subamplexicaulis C.A.Mey [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14+. V: UBU] Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 6, 7, 11, 14. V: UBA01803. Ref: German (2015)] Erysimum cheiranthoides L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1800–2145. V: UBU140076, UBA02669, MW0180152, OSBU22701] Erysimum hieraciifolium L.f. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1295–2500. V: UBU140109, UBA01893, KHU11269, MW0180212, GLM165937] Erysimum mongolicum D.A.German. (= Erysimum vassilczenkoi Polatschek.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1650–1700. V: UBA01892. Ref: German (2005)] Galitzkya potaninii (Maxim.) V.V.Botschantz. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1125–1630. V: UBU140246, UBA2359, MW0180334. Ref: German (2015)] Goldbachia ikonnikovii Vass. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2135–2700. V: UBA2836, KHU11282. Ref: German (2009)] Goldbachia laevigata (M. Bieb.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 11, 14. Ref: German (2015)] Goldbachia pendula Botsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1635–1700. V: UBA2845, OSBU14762] Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1785. V: GLM175759] Isatis costata C.A.Mey. (= Isatis tinctoria L.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1960–2150. V: UBA2616, KHU11267, MW0179749] Isatis gymnocarpa (Fisch. ex DC.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mummenhoff (≡ Tauscheria lasiocarpa Fisch. ex DC.) [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). E (m): 1700–2885. RD: 14. V: KHU11285, MW0179731, OSBU14805. Ref: German (2015)] Isatis multicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Jafri (≡ Pachypterygium multicaule (Kar. & Kir.) Bunge.) [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). E (m): 1700. RD: 14. V: UBA1851, OSBU14783. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Lepidium affine Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 7, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 1000–2500. V: MW0179611] Lepidium amplexicaule Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1520–2455. V: UBU140925, UBA01394, OSBU22702] Lepidium apetalum Willd. (= Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1620–2530. V: UBU140079, UBA170, OSBU22875] Lepidium cartilagineum (J.Mayer) Thell. [Gf: Herb. RD: 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14. E (m): 2318. V: UBU140031. Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] Lepidium cordatum Willd. ex Steven. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1520–1880. V: UBU140434, UBA2869, OSBU22856] Lepidium lacerum C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1250–1695. V: GLM166038] Lepidium obtusum Basin. (= Lepidium latifolium L.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1095–1705. V: UBU140496, UBA2019082, GLM165958. Ref: German (2015)] Litwinowia tenuissima (Pall.) Woronow ex Pavlov [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1700. V: OSBU14774. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Matthiola superba Conti [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1950. Ref: German (2015)] Note: This species was previously recorded in the DzG region by German (2015). However, regional conservation status has not yet been assessed. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated area of occupancy was 16 km2. Thus, Matthiola superba has been assessed as endangered. Megacarpaea megalocarpa (Fisch. ex DC.) Schischk. ex B.Fedtsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1440–1700. V: OSBU14776. Ref: German (2015)] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J.Leonard [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1317. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003); German (2005)] Neotorularia korolkowii (Regel & Schmalh.) Hedge & J.Leonard [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 14. Ref: German (2015)] Olimarabidopsis pumila (Stephan ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & R.A.Price. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1475–2155. V: KHU11273, OSBU14720. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Rhammatophyllum erysimoides (Kar. & Kir.) Al-Shehbaz & O. Appel (= Rhammatophyllum kamelinii (Botsch.) Al-Shehbaz & O. Appel. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1598–1700. V: OSBU14785. Ref: German (2015)] Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: UBA30/147, MW0179817] Sisymbrium brassiciforme C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2700. V: KHU11271, GLM165999AB. Ref: Bekket et al. (2015)] Sisymbrium heteromallum C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2479. V: MW0179692] Sisymbrium loeselii L. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 3, 4, 14. E (m): 2700. Ref: German (2015)] Sisymbrium polymorphum (Murr.) Roth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1245–2145. V: MW0179718, OSBU22688] Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1315–2155. V: KHU11272, OSBU14794, GLM166037] Smelowskia alba (Pall.) Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14+. V: GLM166040] Smelowskia calycina (Stephan) C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1640–2450. V: UBU140078, KHU11289, MW0180034] Sterigmostemum regeliorum Kamelin & D.A.German (≡ Oreoloma violaceum Botsch.) [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1140–2500. V: UBA149, GLM166000, OSBU14783] Stevenia canescens (DC.) D.A.German (≡ Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C.A. Mey.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1587–2200. V: UBU140070, UBA746, OSBU22705, GLM165880. Ref: Bekket et al. (2015)] Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1940–2010. V: KHU11283. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Tetracme quadricornis (Stephan) Bunge [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1155–2220. V: KHU11284, GLM165979] Thlaspi ceratocarpum N.Busch. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1730–2150. V: KHU11286] BUTOMACEAE Butomus junceus Turcz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Butomus umbellatus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14. V: UBA01251] CAPRIFOLIACEAE Linnaea borealis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 7, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica (Pall.) Gladkova. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2405 V: UBA01585, KHU561] Lonicera hispida Pall. ex Schult. [RD: 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2125–2600. V: UBU141362, UBA149, GLM165953] Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Schult. [RD: 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1125–2370. V: UBU141015, UBA01745, KHU3286, MW0190893, GLM165952AB] Patrinia intermedia (Hornem.) Roem. & Schult. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 3130. V: UBU140024, MW0184985] Valeriana dubia Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1210–2745. V: UBU141364, MW0190984, GLM164893] CARYOPHYLLACEAE Acanthophyllum pungens (Bunge) Boiss. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1135–2015. V: UBU293(11a), UBA2019001, OSBU22622, GLM166042, ALTB1100000814] Arenaria serpyllifolia L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Koshevnikov (2007)] Cerastium arvense L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1565–2700. V: UBU140031, UBA2019032, OSBU22687. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Cerastium cerastoides (L.) Britt. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2011–2535. V: UBU141047, UBA01686] Cerastium davuricum Fisch. ex Spreng. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 7, 14. E (m): 2000–2620. V: UBU141164, OSBU22840. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Cerastium falcatum (Gren.) Bunge ex Fenzl [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2000–2700. V: UBU140190, MW0177219, GLM165891] Cerastium pusillum Ser. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14+. E (m): 2220–2660. V: GLM165903] Dianthus crinitus subsp. soongoricus (Schischk.) Kozhevn. (= Dianthus soongoricus Schischk.) [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2140–2805. V: UBU141068, UBA2019042] Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge & Maxim. [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (1). RD: 12, 14, 16. E (m): 1125–1705. V: UBU141230, NS0007981] Gypsophila capituliflora Rupr. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 7, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1865–3130. V: UBU140647, UBA2019065, MW0177775, OSBU22723] Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. V: OSBU22788. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] 0 • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2214. V: UBA2678. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014); Darikhand (2017)] Psammophiliella floribunda (Kar. & Kir.) Ikonn. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1195. Ref: Koshevnikov (2007)] Silene alexandrae B. Keller [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1880. V: UBU140987, UBA187. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2019a)] Silene altaica Pers. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1250–2785. V: UBU140028, UBA9099, GLM165987] Silene graminifolia Otth [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2145–2390. V: UBA9092, OSBU22681. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Silene gubanovii Lazkov [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1900–2345. V: MW0177515] Silene intramongolica Lazkov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14+. E (m): 2200–2535. V: UBU141127] Silene quadriloba Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 7, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Silene repens Patrin [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1605–2620. V: UBU140598, KHU4852, MW0177624, GLM165988] Silene sibirica (L.) Pers. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1820–1940. V: UBA281, KHU1818. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Silene suaveolens Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14. V: UBA2019124] Silene uralensis subsp. apetala (L.) Bocquet. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2355–2895. KHU11137. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Silene viscosa Schleich. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2760–3130. V: UBU140079, MW0177733] Spergularia marina (L.) Besser. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Spergularia segetalis (L.) G. Don [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1000. V: MW0177300] Stellaria amblyosepala Schrenk [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1875–2055. V: UBU140703, UBA2019125, MW0176957, GLM166031] Stellaria brachypetala Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1625–2315. V: UBU140030, UBA8276, MW0176988, GLM175821] Stellaria crassifolia Ehrh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Stellaria dahurica Willd. ex Schlecht. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Stellaria dichotoma L. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1250–2350. V: UBU140950, MW0177066, GLM165992] Stellaria imbricata Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Tytthostemma alsinoides (Boiss. & Buhse) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. V: UBA154] CELASTRACEAE Parnassia palustris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1450–2360. V: UBU140389, KHU2152, GLM175800, MW0180987] CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum demersum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] CONVOLVULACEAE Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. [RD: 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Convolvulus ammannii Desr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1135–2470. V: MW0188026] Convolvulus arvensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–1285. V: UBU140782] Convolvulus fruticosus Pall. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1160–1985. V: UBU140638] Convolvulus gortschakovii Schrenk [Gf: Subshrub. RD: 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1108–2405. V: UBU140371, KHU7728, OSBU22627, GLM165905, GWF44716] Cuscuta europaea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1521. V: UBU] Cuscuta monogyna Vahl [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 5, 8, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] CRASSULACEAE Orostachys spinosa (L.) C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1270–2760. V: UBU140958] Orostachys thyrsiflora Fisch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1850–2360. V: UBA2659, KHU4590, GLM175794] Pseudosedum lievenii (Ledeb.) A. Berger [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1520. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Sedum aizoon L. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2600. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Sedum ewersii Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. CS: NT (2). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2030–2700. V: UBU141430, UBA2698, MW0180668, GLM165983] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14. E (m): 1730–3200. V: UBU141356, UBA1400, KHU3457, GLM166005. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] CYNOMORIACEAE Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2700. V: UBU140194, UBA2019041, KHU1873, MW0185874, GLM175793] CYPERACEAE Blysmus compressus subsp. brevifolius (Decne.) Karth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1655–2950. V: GLM175747] Blysmus rufus (Hudson) Link [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1150–3130. V: UBU140145, KHU3687, HAL57413, GLM165862] Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 16. E (m): 1000–1600. V: MW0171620] Bolboschoenus popovii T.V. Egorova [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1600–1655. V: UBA187, MW0171633] Carex acuta L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 14. E (m): 2900. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Carex curaica Kunth [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 2080. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Carex curaica subsp. pycnostachya (Kar. & Kir.) T.V. Egorova [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 11, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Carex delicata C.B. Clarke [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2200–2220. V: GLM164917] Carex duriuscula C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. V: UBU141297, KHU9751] Carex enervis C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1245–2200. V: GLM164922] Carex lachenalii Schkuhr [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 7, 14. E (m): 1428. V: GLM175748] Carex microglochin Wahlenb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14. E (m): 2100. V: Darikhand (2017)] Carex orbicularis Boott. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1150–2220. V: UBA2566, MW0172363, GLM165887] Carex pediformis C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 1140–2900. V: GLM165888] Carex songorica Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 5, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1830–2200. V: GFW39291] Carex sordida Van Heurck & Müll. Arg. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14. E (m): 2220. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Carex stenophylla subsp. stenophylloides (V.I. Krecz.) T.V. Egorova [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 2220. V: UBA01754] Carex tristis subsp. stenocarpa (Turcz. ex V.I. Krecz.) T.V. Egorova [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14. E (m): 1115–2700. V: UBA9094, GLM164918] Carex vesicata Meinsh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 2220. V: GLM165900BA] Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Eleocharis acicularis subsp. yokoscensis (Franch. & Savat.) T.V. Egorova [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0171748] Eleocharis mitracarpa Steud. (= Eleocharis equisetifromis (Meinsh.) B. Fedtsch.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1630–2011. V: GLM175750] Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.) Fiori. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2700–2900. V: GLM164926] Kobresia simpliciuscula subsp. subholarctica T.V. Egorova. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Kobresia smirnovii N.A. Ivanova [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 14+. E (m): 2950. V: GLM164923] Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Pall [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 14+. E (m): 1390–1430. V: UBU140478, UBA2019118, GLM175749] Trichophorum pumilum (Vahl) Schinz & Thell. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] ELAEAGNACEAE Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica Rousi. [Gf: Shrub. RD:14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica Rousi. [Gf: Shrub. RD:14. V: UBA2019071. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] ERICACEAE Pyrola rotundifolia L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14. E (m): 2220. V: KHU1983. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2019)] EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia esula L. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Euphorbia humifusa Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1108–2131. V: KHU4611, MW0185227] Euphorbia subcordata C.A. Mey. ex Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 14. V: UBA01917] FABACEAE Note: The taxonomic key and regional distribution of the genus Astragalus L. followed Ulziykhutag (2003). Alhagi maurorum Medik. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. ex Keller & Shap. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Astragalus albicans Bong. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1200–1250. V: MW0183080] Astragalus altaicola Podl. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 700. V: UBA493. Ref: Ulziykhutag (2003)] Astragalus ammodytes Pall. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1512–1860. V: UBA2814, KHU2019715. Ref: (Jäger et al. 1985)] Astragalus ankylotus Fisch. & C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Astragalus arcuatus Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1639. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Astragalus arkalycensis Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1371. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Astragalus baitagensis Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh. [Gf: Herb. CS: CR (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1462–3130. V: UBA2019023, MW0183098] Astragalus borodinii Krassn. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1500. Ref: Ulziykhutag (2003)] Astragalus brachybotrys Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1440–2100. V: MW0183110. Ref: Ulziykhutag (2003)] Astragalus candidissimus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Astragalus contortuplicatus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1980. V: MW0183125] Astragalus dilutus Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1540–2130. V: UBU140133, UBA195] Astragalus dshimensis Gontsch. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1000–2740. V: UBU141396] Astragalus granitovii Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1971–2600. Ref: Ulziykhutag (1990)] Type:—MONGOLIA. Dzungarian Gobi, ad declive principale boreale montis Chabtag-Ula, 80 km ad meridiem a centro districtus Altai, 21 July 1984, Ch. Bujan-Orschich (Holotype UBA, Ulziykhutag 1990) Astragalus grubovii Sanczir [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1510–1720. V: UBA1610] Astragalus hamiensis S.B. Ho (=Astragalus banzragczii N. Ulzij.) [Gf: Herb. CS: DD (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1220–2465. V: MW0593086] Astragalus hypogaeus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2370. V: UBU141092] Astragalus lasiopetalus Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1895–2190. V: UBU140767, MW0183290] Astragalus lasiophyllus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1810. V: UBA178] Astragalus laxmannii Jacq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1990. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Astragalus lupulinus Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 2100–2740. V: UBU141402] Astragalus macrotrichus E. Peter [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16. V: UBA7351] Astragalus monophyllus Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1100–2425. V: UBU140662, UBA207, KHU1737, GLM175769, ALTB1100017343] Astragalus ochrias Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 12, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 2600. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Astragalus oxyglottis Steven ex M. Bieb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003)] Astragalus pavlovii B. Fedtsch. & Basil. [Gf: Herb. RD: 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1594–1632. V: UBU140867, UBA1776] Astragalus pseudoborodinii S.B. Ho. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. 1305–1310. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Astragalus pseudovulpinus Sanczir ex N. Ulziykh. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. CS: DD (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1283–2200. V: UBA143б, MW0593201, OSBU22897] Type:—MONGOLIA. Khovd province, Uyench sum, Ikh Khavtag Mountain, 31 July 1979, V.I. Gubanov 7100 (Paratype MW, https:// www.gbif.org/occurrence/1697716811, photo seen) Astragalus puberulus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2200. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Astragalus roseus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Astragalus rudolfii N. Ulziykh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2065. V: UBA138. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Astragalus sabuletorum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1340–2155. Ref: Ulziykhutag (2003)] Astragalus sanczirii N. Ulziykh. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1340–2950. Ref: Ulziykhutag (2003)] Astragalus scabrisetus Bong. (= Astragalus scabrisetiformis Sanchir) [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. E (m): 2010. V: GLM175767. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985), Gubanov (1996)] Astragalus sulcatus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14. Ref: Grubov (1982)] Astragalus tibetanus Benth. ex Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1195–2215. V: KHU1736, GLM175825] Astragalus tuvinicus Timoch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1450. V: MW0183506] Astragalus urunguensis N. Ulziykh. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 14. E (m): 2270–2345. Ref: Ulziykhutag (1990)] Type:—MONGOLIA. Dzungarian Gobi, Altai australis, circa pagum Bulun-Tochoi ad fl. Urung, in arenosi et agris. 19 July 1876, G.N. THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Potanin (Holotype LE, Ulziykhutag 1990) Astragalus vallestris Kamelin [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2010–2745. V: UBU141403, GLM175766] Astragalus variabilis Bunge ex Maxim. Gf: Herb. [RD: 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1670–2110. V: MW0183543] Astragalus yumenensis S.B. Ho [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. E (m): 2200–2750. Ref: Ulziikhutag (2004)] Caragana bungei Ledeb. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1490–1760. V: KHU8959] Caragana gobica Sanchir (= Caragana gobica subsp. occidentalis Kamelin & Yakovlev) [Endemic. Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1300. V: UBA90905, MW0182775] Caragana leucophloea Pojark. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1295–2200. V: UBU140150, UBA67V23, KHU8995, MW0182803, OSBU22713] Caragana pygmaea (L.) DC. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1450–2190. V: UBA01313, KHU8966. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Caragana spinosa (L.) DC. [Gf: Shrub. CS: LC (3). RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16. E (m): 1150–1330. V: UBA2019030] Chesniella ferganensis (Korsh.) Boriss. (= Chesneya grubovii Yakovlev.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Glycyrrhiza aspera Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. V: UBA2019059] Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (1). RD: 12, 14. V: UBA2019062] Glycyrrhiza soongorica Grankina [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–1990. V: UBA2019061, KHU11234, MW0593340] Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1090–2150. V: UBU140136, UBA01285, KHU10447, MW0184112, OSBU22658] Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss. [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (1, 3). RD: 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1060–2000. V: UBU141624, UBA2019066, MW0182730, OSBU22662] Hedysarum ferganense Korsh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 2000–3000. V: UBU140159, UBA232] Lathyrus palustris subsp. pilosus (Cham.) Hulten. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Lotus krylovii Schischkin & Serg. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–1785. V: TK-0229, GLM175824, MW0182706] Medicago falcata L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1260–1980. V: UBU140751] Medicago lupulina L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1275. V: UBU140196, UBA01199] Medicago ruthenica (L.) Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. V: UBA01154] Melilotus albus Medik. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 4, 8, 14, 15. V: UBA01165] Melilotus dentatis (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1340–1484. V: KHU6647] Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1200–1800. V: UBU140104, MW0182654] Oxytropis aciphylla Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1360–2820. V: UBU140104, UBA2019096, MW0183619] Oxytropis bungei Kom. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1867–2568. V: UBA98, KHU9592] Oxytropis glabra (Lam.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2500. V: UBU140656, UBA188, MW0183773, GLM175771] Oxytropis heterophylla Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2130. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Oxytropis puberula Boriss. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1080–2700. V: KHU11229. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Oxytropis tragacanthoides Fisch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1645–2760. V: UBU140262, UBA260, KHU6116, OSBU22671] Oxytropis trichophysa Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1190–2745. V: UBU140127, UBA2019098, KHU6093] Sophora alopecuroides L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1140–2150. V: UBU140110, MW0182503] Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1200–2180. V: UBU140857, OSBU22659, MW0182717, GLM175765] Trigonella arcuata C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Trigonella cancellata Desf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1180–2700. V: MW0182574] Vicia costata Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1370–2620. V: UBU140537, UBA2019121, KHU2589, GLM175764] Vicia cracca L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–2090. V: KHU2693, MW0184450] GENTIANACEAE Comastoma tenellum (Rottb.) Toyok. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14+. E (m): 2220–2480. V: GLM166023] Gentiana decumbens L. f. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1134–2100. V: UBU140951, UBA2505, MW0187661,  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. GLM175762] Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1600–2220. V: MW0187674, GLM175763] Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gf: Herb. CS: NT (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 2200–2345. V: MW0187694] Gentiana prostrata Haenke. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0187710] Gentiana riparia Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. CS: CR (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1150–2700. V: UBA2656, GLM165931] Gentianella turkestanorum (Gand.) Holub. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2000–2745. V: UBU141315, MW0187786, OSBU22699] Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) Ma [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 1819–2745. V: KHU1350, MW0187587, OSBU22885] Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fr. ex Nyman. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1300–2230. Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] GERANIACEAE Erodium stephanianum Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 1155–2010. V: UBU140677, UBA01826, GLM175826] Erodium tibetanum Edgew. & Hook. f. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 1260–1740. V: UBU140841, UBA01624, MW0184810] Geranium affine Ledeb. [RD: 6, 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 14, 15, 16. 1100–2580. V: UBU140202, UBA9769, KHU4620, OSBU22822, HAL57345, GLM165928] Geranium laetum Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 14. E (m): 2347. Ref: Troshkina (2018)] Geranium saxatile Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (2, 3). RD: 14. E (m): 2314. Ref: Nobis et al. (2019)] Geranium sibiricum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1745–2140. V: KHU4612, Ref: Revushkin et al. (2001)] GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes aciculare Sm. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2300–2700. V: UBU140268, MW0181024, GLM165927] Ribes altissimum Turcz. ex Pojark. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14. E (m): 2140–2300. V: UBA01327, KHU8093, GLM166050] Ribes heterotrichum C.A. Mey. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2100. V: UBA254. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Ribes meyeri Maxim. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1500–2345. V: MW0181080] Ribes petraeum Wulfen. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 4, 7, 14. E (m): 2200. V: MW0181079. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Ribes pulchellum Turcz. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14. E (m): 2143. V: UBA8562, KHU8077, OSBU22749] HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum spicatum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 3286. V: UBA01394 Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Myriophyllum verticillatum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. V: UBA01396] IRIDACEAE Iris halophila Pall. [Gf: Herb. CS: CR (3). RD: 6, 14. E (m): 1000–1980. V: UBU140285, UBA01241, MW0173898. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Iris tenuifolia Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1385–2360. V: UBU259(11e), UBA2019075, MW0173993, GLM164879] JUNCACEAE Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. fischerianus (Turcz. ex V.I. Krecz.) Hämet-Ahti [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Juncus articulatus L. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 4, 9, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Juncus bufonius L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1450–1880. V: UBU140551, MW0172709] Juncus bufonius subsp. ambiguus (Guss.) Schinz. & Thell. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Juncus bufonius subsp. turkestanicus (V.I. Krecz. & Gontsch.) Novikov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1100–1900. V: MW0172978] Juncus compressus Jacq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1990. V: UBU141296, MW0172721] Juncus gerardii Loisel. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2100. V: UBU140914, UBA2560, HAL57405, MW0172724, GLM165945] Juncus persicus subsp. libanoticus (J. Thiebaut) Novikov & Snogerup. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1600. V: MW0173002] Juncus ranarius Songeon & E.P. Perrier (= Juncus bufonius subsp. nastanthus (V.I. Krecz. & Gontsch.) Soó) [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  (m): 1306. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Juncus triglumis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2010. V: UBU141305] JUNCAGINACEAE Triglochin maritima L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1145–1660. V: UBU140413, UBA01311, GLM175708] Triglochin palustris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1150–2220. V: UBU140382, GLM164839, UBA2019138, MW0168843, OSBU22644] LAMIACEAE Dracocephalum nodulosum Rupr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Dracocephalum origanoides Stephan ex Wild. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 1600–3280. V: UBU140082, MW0189039, OSBU22798] Dracocephalum paulsenii Briq. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2200–2370. V: UBU141123] Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. V: UBA2019073] Lagochilus bungei Benth. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1135–2200. V: UBU185(11a), UBA01190, MW0189212, GLM165956] Lagochilus diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1300–1450. V: UBU140839, UBA2019080, MW0189216] Lagochilus ilicifolius Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1490–2950. V: UBA04, KHU5022, OSBU22890. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)]] Lagopsis eriostachya (Benth.) Ikonn.-Gal. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2220–2500. V: UBA04, KHU409, GLM166046] Lagopsis marrubiastrum (Stephan) Ikonn.-Gal. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2150–2700. V: KHU5189, GLM165957] Leonurus pseudopanzerioides Krestovsk. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2011–2685. V: UBU141141, UBA2633, MW0189161, GLM164915, LE01043007–Holotype, image seen] Lophanthus krylovii Lipsky [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1784. V: GLM175824] Mentha arvensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1735. V: KHU5196] Nepeta annua Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1250–1880. V: UBU141011, GLM166024, MW0188873] Nepeta densiflora Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14+. E (m): 2220. V: GLM165860] Nepeta micrantha Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1700. V: MW0188912. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Nepeta pungens (Bunge) Benth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1470–2700. Ref: Ebel & Rudaya (2002)] Nepeta sibirica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1560–2740. V: UBU141474, UBA00993, MW0188930] Panzerina lanata (L.) Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1660–2150. V: UBU140957, UBA01398, KHU5232, MW0189193, GLM175823] Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. (≡ Eremostachys moluccelloides Bunge.) [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1505–2500. V: UBU244(11e), UBA2019052, GLM165936AB, MW0189088] Phlomis oreophila Kar. & Kir. [Gf: Herb. CS: NT (1). RD: 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2200. V: KHU3957] Scutellaria galericulata L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 2700. V: UBA2329] Scutellaria grandiflora Sims. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1725–2235. V: KHU3942] Scutellaria supina L. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2130–2805. V: UBU141073, UBA2019122] Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2150–2500. V: UBU141057, UBA1883, GLM165889] Ziziphora pamiroalaica Juz. (= Ziziphora tomentosa Juz.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1130–2345. V: UBU281(11d), UBA2019140, MW0189278] LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia australis R. Br. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1280. V: UBA1542] Utricularia minor L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1900. V: MW0190500] Utricularia vulgaris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15. E (m): 1150–1300. V: UBA01243, HAL57320, GLM166034] LILIACEAE Gagea pauciflora (Turcz. ex Trautv.) Ledeb. Gf: Herb. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 1475–2570. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Tulipa uniflora (L.) Besser ex Baker. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1, 2). RD: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1240–2140. V: UBU284(11d), GLM164880, ALTB1100007588]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. LINACEAE Linum pallescens Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2200–2030. V: UBA2826, GLM165949] Linum perenne L. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2011–2400. V: MW0184871, GLM175709] LYTHRACEAE Lythrum virgatum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 14. E (m): 1095–1135. Ref: Gubanov (1999)] MALVACEAE Malva neglecta Wallr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0185395] Malva pusilla Sm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1180–1350. V: HAL57340. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides peltatum (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1165. V: KHU7752. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] MOLLUGINACEAE Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. [Gf: Herb. RD: 12, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] NITRARIACEAE Nitraria roborowskii Kom. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1418–1900. V: UBU140852] Nitraria sibirica Pall. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1030–2135. V: UBU140233, KHU7165, MW0185054, OSBU22645, GLM175811] Peganum harmala L. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 7, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1125–2400. V: UBU140555, UBA01388, MW0184882, GLM175810] Peganum multisectum (Maxim.) Bobrov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15. E (m): 1500. V: UBA2019101] ONAGRACEAE Epilobium angustifolium L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 1670–2700. V: KHU5666, GLM165904] Epilobium latifolium L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2100–2740. V: UBU141488, OSBU22722, GLM166027] Epilobium palustre L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1100–2015. V: UBU141579, UBA2019051, MW0185718, GLM175812] ORCHIDACEAE Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14. E (m): 1150–2180. V: UBU140196, KHU643, GLM165965] Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1900. V: MW0174071] Orchis militaris L. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (1, 2). RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 14. E (m): 1780–1820. V: UBA2567, OSBU22867. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] OROBANCHACEAE Cistanche deserticola Ma [CS: EN (1, 2). RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–2200. V: UBU140293, KHU11355, ALTB1100018756] Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck [RD: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1110–2140. V: KHU11354] Euphrasia pectinata Ten. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1285. V: UBU140817] Euphrasia schischkinii Serg. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14+. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Odontites vulgaris Moench. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1110–2115. V: UBA2019094, KHU166, MW0189981] Orobanche amoena C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Orobanche cernua Loefl. [Gf: Herb. RD: 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1170–1730. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Orobanche coerulescens Stephan [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1640–2140. V: UBU140156, UBA282] Orobanche lanuginosa (C.A. Mey.) Beck ex Krylov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Pedicularis abrotanifolia M. Bieb. ex Steven [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2100–2480. V: UBU141100, MW019003] Pedicularis achilleifolia Stephan ex Willd. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. E (m): 1850–2200. V: KHU6897, GLM165870, MW0190049, ALTB1100016790] Pedicularis altaica Stephan ex Steven. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1). RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1785–2235. V: KHU6856, MW0190065, ALTB1100013631, GFW040480] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Pedicularis dolichorrhiza Schrenk [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Pedicularis fetisowii Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2345. V: MW0195307] Pedicularis flava Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14+, 15. E (m): 2440. V: GLM165867] Pedicularis palustris subsp. opsiantha (Ekman) Almq. (=Pedicularis palustris subsp. karoi (Freyn) P.C. Tsoong.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1280. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Pedicularis rhinanthoides Schrenk [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2600–3200. V: UBU] PAPAVERACEAE Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 9, 14. E (m): 1800–2000. V: MW0179461] Corydalis schanginii (Pall.) B. Fedtsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1875–1790. V: ALTB1100010467] Fumaria schleicheri Soy.-Willem. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Glaucium elegans Fisch. & C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1826–1880. V: OSBU22896, GFW46385. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Glaucium squamigerum Kar. & Kit. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (2, 3). RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1250–2480. V: UBU140971, UBA2019058, MW0179354, ALTB1100005955, GLM165925] Hypecoum lactiflorum (Kar. & Kir.) Pazij [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1190–2200. V: UBU141564, KHU7280, OSBU22917] Papaver baitagense Kamelin & Gubanov [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1889–2742. V: UBU141341, UBA2019099, MW0592495, OSBU22917] Type:—MONGOLIA. Khovd province, Bulgan sum, Baitag Bogd Mountain, Nariin Khargait River, 31 July 1988, I. A. Gubanov & E. Ganbold (Holotype MW, Isotype MW, Paratype MW photo!) Note: Papaver baitagense was described from the Baitag Bogd Mountain in the DzG region by Kamelin & Gubanov (1990). This species is similar to P. pseudotenellum and P. tenellum (Kamelin & Gubanov 1990) but differs by capsule hairs. This species can be found at elevations between 1000 and 2200 m in two localities, including the Baitag Bogd Mountain range in DzG (Khovd). Based on our herbarium and field observations P. baitagense is very similar to P. pseudotenellum; however, further taxonomic studies are needed. Papaver croceum Ledeb. (= Papaver pseudotenellum Grubov) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–2700. V: UBU140072, GLM162606, ALTB1100000182] Papaver refractum (DC.) K.-F. Günther (≡ Roemeria refracta DC.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 3. 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] FIGURE A. Papaver baitagensis in DzG region. A, B. General habitat, C. Flower, D, E. Capsule. F. Basal leaves. G. Distribution map.  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. PHRYMACEAE Dodartia orientalis L. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1050–2455. V: UBU140788, MW0189654, OSBU22900, GLM165968, ALTB1100017961] PLANTAGINACEAE Callitriche palustris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1100. V: MW0185290] Hippuris vulgaris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1295–2065. V: UBU141582, KHU11326, MW0185866, OSBU22852] Linaria altaica Fisch. ex Kuprian. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1810–2490. V: UBU140084, KHU11331, OSBU22748. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Linaria debilis Kuprian. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1960–2315. V: KHU11327] Linaria hepatica Bunge. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–2190. V: KHU11330, ALTB1100018598] Linaria pedicellata Kuprian. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1250–2235. V: KHU11329, GLM165947] Linaria vulgaris subsp. acutiloba (Fisch. ex Rchb.) D.Y. Hong [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14. E (m): 2015–2500. V: KHU11328] Plantago arachnoidea Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1800–2745. V: UBU141465, UBA2019102, KHU11323, MW0190520, GLM165878, ALTB1100018174.] Note: In Mongolia, this species was reported only in the DzG region (Urgamal et al. 2014). During the field survey, we found several populations in the Baitag Bogd Mountains. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated area of occupancy was 16 km2. Thus, Plantago arachnoidea has been assessed as endangered. Plantago major L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1130–2620. V: UBU141151, UBA2019111, KHU88, MW0190567] Plantago maritima subsp. ciliata Printz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1450. V: MW0190603] Plantago minuta Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1290–2100. V: UBU140769, UBA2019103, KHU566] Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] Veronica biloba L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1725–2220. V: MW0189705, OSBU22712, GLM165972] Veronica ferganica Popov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. Ref: Smirnov et al. (2003); Urgamal et al. (2014)] Veronica catenata Pennell [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Note: Veronica catenata was previously noted for the flora of Mongolia (Jäger et al. 1985). However, this species was not included in the floristic checklist of Mongolia (Gubanov 1996; Urgamal et al. 2014). Veronica pinnata L. (= Veronica laeta Kar. & Kir., ≡ Pseudolysimachion pinnatum (L.) Holub) [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. E (m): 1515–2150. V: KHU60, GLM165971] Veronica porphyriana Pavlov [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2500–2600. V: ALTB1100018867] Veronica sapozhnikovii Kosachev [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2431–2950. V: ALTB1100018859. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Veronica spicata L. (≡ Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz.) [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1800–2000. V: MW0189840] PLUMBAGINACEAE Goniolimon callicomum (C.A. Mey.) Boiss. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1418–2620. V: UBU140893, UBA2019063] Goniolimon krylovii A.V. Grebenjuk. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14+. V: UBU] Note: Goniolimon krylovii has previously been recorded from the Mongolian Altai region in Mongolia. However, this species was not included in the checklist of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014). During our field survey, we found it from Khavtag Mountain range in DzG region. Goniolimon speciosum (L.) Boiss. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1080–2445. V: KHU3589, GLM165924, MW0187296, OSBU22661] Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14+. E (m): 2011. V: GLM175814] Limonium chrysocomum (Kar. & Kir.) Kuntze. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (1). RD: 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1980–2300. V: UBU141538, UBA2019087, OSBU22744, MW0187377, GLM166033] Limonium coralloides (Tausch) Lincz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1200–2185. V: KHU1388, MW0187390. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1390–2415. V: UBU140468, GLM175818, OSBU22649] Limonium myrianthum (Schrenk) Kuntze. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1200–1775. V: UBA2019088, MW0187460] Note: This species was reported only in DzG region (Urgamal et al. 2014). During the field survey, we found several populations in the Baitag Bogd Mountain. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  estimated extent of occurrence is 8316 km2 and the estimated area of occupancy is 64 km2. Thus, Limonium myrianthum has been assessed as Vulnerable. Limonium suffruticosum (L.) Kuntze. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1035–2600. V: UBU140881, UBA2019089, MW0187465] POACEAE Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1045–1770. V: UBA01475, MW0169091] Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1155–2760. V: UBU141018, UBA244, KHU82, GLM164871] Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1900–2065. V: UBA01031, MW0171080] Agropyron krylovianum Schischkin. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 6, 7, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Agropyron michnoi Roshev. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14+. V: GLM164869] Agropyron pumilum P. Candargy. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 10, 14. E (m): 2300. V: UBA2019006, MW0171106] Agrostis gigantea Roth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1240–1900. V: MW0169501, HAL57426] Agrostis stolonifera L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 2011. V: GLM175785] Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14+. E (m): 1900–2200. V: GLM164878] Alopecurus pratensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1658. V: GLM175797] Avena fatua L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1135–1670. V: UBA0173, GLM175784] Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1135–1670. V: UBU140070, UBA9094, KHU315, GLM175784] Bromus inermis Leyss. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1800. V: UBA01963, KHU10883] Bromus japonicus Thunb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 12, 14. E (m): 2600. V: UBA352] Bromus oxyodon Schrenk. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 11, 14. E (m): 1240. V: HAL108032] Bromus scoparius L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1240. V: HAL57420] Bromus tectorum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1355–2200. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1065–2220. V: UBA01512, KHU6344] Calamagrostis macilenta (Griseb.) Litv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2200. V: MW0169656, GLM164868] Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Haller f.) Koeler [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Ohwi. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1130–2200. V: MW0170035] Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0169401] Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 9, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0168928. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Elymus bungeanus (Trin.) Melderis (≡ Agropyron nevskii N.R.Ivanov ex Grubov) [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15. V: GLM164846] Elymus reflexiaristatus (Nevski) Melderis [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1855. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Elymus repens (L.) Gould (≡ Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1085–1130. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Elymus sibiricus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1215–1450. V: MW0169971. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Eragrostis minor Host [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1215–1285. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Eremopyrum distans (C. Koch) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 2200. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Festuca valesiaca subsp. hypsophila (St.-Yves) Tzvelev [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2005–2760. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Glyceria arundinacea Kunth. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 2220. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Hierochloe glabra Trin. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 2900. V: GLM164850. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Hierochloe odorata (L.) P. Beauv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 2200–2900. V: GLM164867. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (3). RD: 3, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1800–2480. V: KHU11061, MW0171133] Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. 1085–2900. V: UBA2855, OSBU22643, GLM164849] Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1140–2350. V: UBA272, MW0171331, GLM175781] Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1220–2156. V: UBA292, GLM175780] Leymus paboanus (Claus) Pilg. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1065–2105. V: GLM164845. Ref: Jäger et al. 0 • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. (1985)] Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1225–2140. V: KHU6398. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Phalaris arundinacea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14. 1900. V: MW0169007. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. [Gf: Herb. CS: LC (3). RD: 1–16. E (m): 1035–1585. V: UBU140381, UBA01354] Piptatherum songaricum (Trin. & Rupr.) Roshev. ex Nikit. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Poa attenuata Trin. (= Poa attenuata subsp. botryoides (Trin. ex Griseb.) Tzvelev) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1085–2900. V: UBA213, KHU7590, GLM164859] Poa glauca Vahl (= Poa reverdattoi Roshev.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2100–2600. V: MW0170423] Poa pratensis L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2030–2700. V: UBA01344, GLM164858] Poa sibirica Roshev. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1240–2220. V: HAL57432] Poa tianschanica (Regel) Hack. ex O.Fedtsch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14+. E (m): 1785. V: GLM175778] Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1040–2100. V: UBU255(11e), UBA2762, KHU1540, MW0171469] Psathyrostachys lanuginosa (Trin.) Nevski. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Grubov (1982)] Puccinellia altaica Tzvelev [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 14. E (m): 1220–2030. V: UBA01979. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. [RD: 11, 13, 14. V: UBA9092. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Puccinellia hauptiana Krecz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1655–1800. V: MW0170599. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Puccinellia macranthera Krecz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14. E (m): 1600. V: UBA9095, MW0170613. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Schismus arabicus Nees. [Gf: Herb. RD: 4, 7, 11, 14. E (m): 1240. V: HAL57431] Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1145–2000. V: UBU140710, KHU1627, MW0177515, HAL57430] Stipa caucasica Schmalh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1095–2110. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Stipa caucasica subsp. glareosa (P.A.Smirn.) Tzvelev. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1280–2011. V: GLM164848. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Stipa kirghisorum P.A. Smirn. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2030. V: GLM164848] Stipa krylovii Roshev. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1045–2220. V: MW0169303, OSBU22689] Stipa orientalis Trin ex Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1135–2200. V: UBU200(11a), MW0169354, GFW039171, GLM164876] Stipa pelliotii Danguy. [RD: 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1250–1955. V: MW0169122, GLM175827] Stipa tianschanica Roshev. (= Stipa tianschanica subsp. gobica (Roshev.) D.F. Cui. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Triticum aestivum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 4, 10, 11, 13, 14. Ref: (Grubov 1982)] POLYGALACEAE Polygala comosa Schkuhr (= Polygala hybrida DC.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14+. E (m): 2950. V: GLM165879] POLYGONACEAE Atraphaxis compacta Ledeb. [Gf: Shrub. CS: EN (3). RD: 14, 15. E (m): 1210–2620. V: UBU140659, UBA193, GLM165851] Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) C. Koch [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1140–2225. V: UBA02298, KHU3384, MW0175451, OSBU22750] Atraphaxis kamelinii O.V. Yurtseva [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14. V: LE01031020. Ref: Yurtseva et al. (2016)] Note: This species was newly described from the DzG region to science by Yurtseva et al. (2016). In addition, some species of A. pungens, A. compacta, A. frutescens and A. virgata were revised based on the molecular analysis and morphological characters (see detail Yurtseva et al. 2016). Atraphaxis pungens (Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 1140–2200. V: UBU263(11d), UBA2476, KHU3372, HAL57394] Atraphaxis spinosa L. [Gf: Shrub. CS: EN (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1240–2200. V: UBU264(11d), UBA145, HAL57397, GLM175792] Atraphaxis virgata (Regel) Krassn. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1060–2140. V: UBA01913, HAL57399, MW0175491, THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  GLM166039] Calligonum ebinuricum N.A. Ivanova ex Soskov [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14, 15. V: UBA01889] Calligonum gobicum (Bunge ex Meisn.) Losinsk. [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1240–1300. V: UBA01890, HAL57391] Calligonum junceum (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Litv. [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 14, 15. E (m): 1205–2530. V: UBA2019029, MW0175499] Calligonum litwinowii Drobow [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14, 15. E (m): 1340. V: UBA01845, GLM165917] Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1085–2215. V: UBU140016, UBA2432, KHU3370, OSBU22861] Knorringia sibirica (Laxm.) S.P.Hong [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1095–1600. V: UBA02678, MW0175880] Persicaria alpina (All.) H.Gross [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14. E (m): 1075–2700. V: UBU140068, MW0175578, GLM166030] Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: UBA01377, MW0175611] Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0175759] Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1000–1450. V: MW0175784] Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 2200. Ref: Darikhand (2017)] Persicaria vivipara (L.) Ronse Decr. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1130–2745. V: UBU141459, KHU3614, MW0175924] Polygonum arenastrum Boreau [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1800. V: MW0175656. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Polygonum argyrocoleon Steud. ex G.Kunze. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 2345. V: MW0175664] Polygonum aviculare L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1130–2300. V: HAL57395] Polygonum novoascanicum Klokov. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2500. V: MW0175841. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Polygonum patulum Bieb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1900. V: MW0175849] Polygonum polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Rheum compactum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 2150–2200. V: UBA2019108, GLM166008AB] Rheum nanum Siev. ex Pall. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1135–2705. V: UBA8528, KHU205, MW0175395, UBA8528, UBU286(11a)] Rheum rhabarbarum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12,13, 14. E (m): 1800–2000. V: MW0175430] Rumex aquaticus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1900–2295. V: MW0175290, GLM166007AB] Rumex crispus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 7, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1765–1885. V: KHU11121] Rumex maritimus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1240. V: HAL57402] Rumex patientia L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 9, 13, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Rumex similans Rech. f. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0175343] Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1000–1600. V: UBA58, MW0175353, HAL57396] Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1640–2440. V: UBU140087, UBA2464, MW0175368, GLM166009] POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton compressus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1100. V: UBA184, MW0168715] Potamogeton gramineus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0168732] Potamogeton perfoliatus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16. E (m): 1000–1100. V: UBA01501, MW0168771] Potamogeton pusillus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1100. V: MW0168778. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] PRIMULACEAE Androsace amurensis Prob. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Androsace maxima L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1880–2700. V: UBU141007, UBA2629, KHU4387, GLM165856] Androsace septentrionalis L. (= Androsace septentrionalis var. breviscapa Krylov) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14. 2150–2700. V: UBA01741, GLM163859] Lysimachia davurica Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 14. E (m): 1000–2100. V: MW0187215] Lysimachia maritima (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano [Gf: Herb. RD: 1–16. E (m): 1220–2220. V: UBU141319, MW0187241] Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Primula longiscapa Ledeb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1150–2700. V: UBU140412, KHU4220, MW0186965, GLM165874. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2020b)] Primula matthioli subsp. altaica (Losinsk) Kovt. (≡ Cortusa matthioli subsp. altaica (Losinsk.) Korobkov) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 7, 11,  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. 13, 14. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2020b)] RANUNCULACEAE Aconitum altaicum Steinb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–2318. V: UBU140039, UBA2225, KHU1234] Aconitum gubanovii Luferov & Vorosch. [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2000–2347. V: MW0592356] Type:—MONGOLIA. Bayan-Ulgii province, Bulgan sum, Ikh Jargalant Mountain, 27 July 1988. V.I. Gubanov, R.V. Kamelin 2225a (Holotype, Paratype MW, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/gallery?taxon_key=3924939, photo seen) Clematis glauca Willd. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (1, 2). RD: 3, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1260–2100. V: UBU141549, UBA2019038, MW0178679, HAL57363, GFW41890] Clematis intricata Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1990–2140. V: KHU3062, OSBU22740] Clematis songarica Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1060–2620. V: UBU140680, UBA2019039, OSBU22716, HAL57365, MW0178730, GLM164902] Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1750–2745. V: UBU141457, MW0178745, OSBU22670, GLM164903BA] Delphinium iliense Huth [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 1695–2620. V: UBU141145, UBA227] Note: Delphinium iliense Huth is mainly distributed in China (Ili region in northwestern Xinjiang) and Kazakhstan (Li et al. 2019). In Mongolia, this species was previously recorded in the DzG region by Urgamal et al. (2014). In our field survey, we found approximately 200 individuals from one place in this area. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated area of occupancy was 16 km2. Thus, Delphinium iliense has been assessed as endangered. Delphinium inconspicatum Serg. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1150–2700. V: UBU141336, UBA2660, GLM164912 MW0178212] Halerpestes sarmentosa (Adams) Kom. (= Halerpestes salsuginosa (Pall. ex Georgi) Greene) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2700. V: UBU141285, UBA1990, GLM164907, MW0178795, OSBU22642] Pulsatilla ambigua (Turcz.) Juz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2500–2600. V: ALTB1100006279] Pulsatilla campanella Fisch. ex Krylov [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 14. E (m): 1240–1300. V: HAL57427] Ranunculus arschantynicus Kamelin, Schmakov & S.Smirnov [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. 1598. Ref: Kamelin et al. (2004)] Type:—MONGOLIA. Kovd province, montes Arschantyn-Nuru, ad 8 km austro-orientem ab summitate monte Mogojin-Ulan-Ula, 46°16‘ N, 91°17‘ E, 1598 m, in declivibus schistoso-lapidosis, 12 May 2002. S. Smirnov, D. German, S. Djaczenko, P. Kossaczev (Holotype LE, Isotype ALTB) Ranunculus lingua L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2700. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Ranunculus longicaulis C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 14. E (m): 2100–2700. V: GLM164908, OSBU22719] Ranunculus pseudohirculus Schrenk [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 1830–2950. KHU5774, MW0179004] Ranunculus rigescens Turcz. ex Ovcz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. V: UBA01366. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Ranunculus sceleratus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–2320. V: UBU140036, MW0179072] Ranunculus songaricus Shrenk [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (4). RD: 14. E (m): 2314. Ref: Nobis et al. (2019)] Note: The first record of this species was recognized from the DzG region in Mongolia by Nobis et al. (2019). According to our results, we found only very few individuals from this area. The population number is decreasing due to climate change, drought and livestock. In this study, the estimated area of occupancy was 16 km2. Thus, Ranunculus songaricus has been assessed as Endangered. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix (≡ Batrachium divaricatum (Schrank) Schur., ≡ Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1000–1100. V: MW0178823] Note: Synonyms and taxonomic treatment followed Wiegleb et al. (2017). Ranunculus turczaninovii (Luferov) Vorosch. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 14. E (m): 2318. Ref: Baasanmunkh et al. (2019)] Thalictrum foetidum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1075–2805. V: UBU140247, UBA946, GLM164911, KHU4006, HAL57364] Thalictrum minus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1000–2400. V: GLM164906, MW0179163] Thalictrum simplex L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1300–2745. V: UBU140316, MW0179219] Trollius altaicus C.A.Mey. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2330–2600. V: UBA2697, MW0177978] Trollius dschungaricus Regel [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2700–3286. V: GLM164910, OSBU22813] ROSACEAE Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. (≡ Potentilla anserina L.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1000–2145. V: UBU141323, MW0181679, OSBU22693] Chamaerhodos sabulosa Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1450–2100. V: UBA2112, KHU4405, MW0182115, OSBU22728] Comarum salesovianum (Stephan) Asch. & Graebn. [RD: 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1800–2240. V: UBU141125, UBA2019040, MW0181550, THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  KHU3970, GLM165914, OSBU22742] Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. [RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–2600. V: UBU140086, GLM165893] Potentilla agrimonioides M. Bieb. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2132. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla angustiloba T.T.Yu & C.L.Li [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1775–2650. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla aphanes Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla chamaeleo Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 14. E (m): 2800–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla chionea Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2130–2600. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla chrysantha Trev. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). E (m): 2260. RD: 7, 14.] Potentilla conferta Bunge (= Potentilla conferta var. conferta Kuntze.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1915–2220. V: KHU8768] Potentilla desertorum Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1185–2750. V: UBU141383, UBA5857, MW0181814] Potentilla evestita Th. Wolf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2500–3200. V: UBA9839, GLM165885. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla exuta Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2800–3200. V: OSBU22817. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla gelida C.A. Mey. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14. E (m): 1905–3200. V: UBA13694, UBA13694, KHU8843, GLM165886. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla gobica Soják [Endemic. Gf: Herb. RD:14. E (m): 1145–1850. Ref: Bekket et al. (2015)] Potentilla kryloviana Th. Wolf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 14. E (m): 2800–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla multifida L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1155–2995. V: KHU3117, GLM165884, OSBU22697] Potentilla ornithopoda Tausch (= Potentilla multifida var. ornithopoda (Tausch) Th. Wolf.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1800. V: MW0181973] Potentilla nivea L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2320–3200. V: UBA248, KHU6649. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla pamirica Th. Wolf. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 2130–3285. V: OSBU22809. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla pamiroalaica Juz. [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2300–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla pensylvanica L. (≡ Pentaphyllum pennsylvanicum (L.) Lunell) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 2000. V: MW0181984] Potentilla schmakovii Kechaykin [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14+. E (m): 1950. Ref: Kechaykin & Kutsev (2015)] Type:—MONGOLIA. Khovd province, Mongolian Altai ridge, upper reaches of Bodanchiyn-Gol, pass Tsagaan Hetel, 46°46′372″ N, 92°05′007″ E, 2893 m, 10 July 2013, A. I. Shmakov & A. A. Kechaykin MKD 485 (Holotype ALTB, Isotype ALTB, B). Note: The taxon is most similar to P. pamirica Th. Wolf and P. aphanes Soják. From both species Potentilla schmakovii differs by the absence of a felty, silky indumentum but an almost complete reduction of the indumentum of all parts of the plant, and the presence of glandular hairs. P. schmakovii differs further from P. aphanes in basal leaves with 4–5 pairs of leaflets with a mixture of 3-paired ones and large, broadly obcordate petals twice longer than sepals. In contrast, in P. aphanes the basal leaves are predominantly 3paired with a mixture of 2-paired, extremely rarely with a single leaf with 4 pairs of leaflets but never 5 pairs (Kechaykin & Kutsev 2015). Potentilla schmakovii was recently discovered for the first time for the territory of the DzG: Khovd province, Bulgan sum, northeastern macro slope of the Baitag-Bogd-Ula ridge, stony floodplain in the middle course of the river. Khushoot-Shivaetiyn-Gol, 45°25ʹ85″N, 91°06ʹ44″E, 1950 m, 24 May 2015, A. A. Kechaykin (ALTB) Potentilla songarica Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. E (m): 1880–2370. V: UBU140998, UBA2019105] Potentilla supina L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1240–2095. V: UBU140753, KHU307, MW0195192, HAL57357] Potentilla turczaninowiana Stschegl [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 2800–3200. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla turkestanica Soják [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 2800–3200. V: OSBU22816. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Potentilla virgata Lehm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1095–2145. V: UBU140243, UBA203, MW0195280, OSBU22690, HAL57356] Rosa baitagensis Kamelin & Gubanov [Endemic. Gf: Shrub. RD: 14. E (m): 1150–2645. V: UBU141010, MW0592912] Type:—MONGOLIA. Khovd province, Bulgan sum, Baitag Bogd Mountain, Buduun Khargait River, 29 July 1979, I. A. Gubanov 7771 (Holotype MW, Isotype MW, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1697716557, photo seen.). Note: Rosa baitagensis is endemic to Mongolia and was described from Baitag Bogd Mountain of DzG region by Kamelin & Gubanov (1988). Kamelin & Gubanov (1988) mentioned that R. baitagensis is similar to R. sergievskiana Polozh. et Prozorova with respect to its white petal. However, further taxonomic studies are needed. Rosa beggeriana Schrenk [Gf: Shrub. CS: EN (1). E (m): 1630. V: UBA1371. RD: 14. Jäger et al. (1985)] Rosa kaschgarica Rupr. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 14, 15. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. Rosa laxa Retz. [Gf: Shrub. CS: NT (1). RD: 6, 7, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2150. V: UBU140282, UBA2019109, MW0182417] Rosa platyacantha Schrenk [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (2), EN (3). RD: 14. E (m): 2370–2805. V: UBU141156, UBA204] Rosa spinosissima L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 7, 14. V: UBA208] FIGURE A. A1-A7 Rosa laxa: A1. Habitat, A2. Flower, A3. Hip, A4, A7. Prickles. A5. Abaxial leaflets, A6. Adaxial leaflets; B1B8 Rosa baitagensis: B1. Habitat, B2. Flower, B3, B4. Hip, B5, B8. Prickles. B6. Abaxial leaflets, B7. Adaxial leaflets; C1-C7. Rosa platycantha: C1. Habitat, C2. Flower, C3. Flower bud, C4. Hip, C5. C6. Leaves, C7. Prickles. Sibbaldianthe bifurca (L.) Kurtto & T. Eriksson (≡ Potentilla bifurca L. / Schistophyllidium bifurcum (L.) Ikonn.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1085–1800. V: UBU141342, KHU8758, MW0181724] Note: A nomenclatural overview of the genus Sibbaldianthe is given in the recent publication of Mosyakin & Shiyan (2017). Sibbaldianthe imbricata (Kar. & Kir.) Mosyakin & Shiyan (≡ Potentilla imbricata Kar. et Kir./ Schistophyllidium imbricatum (Kar. & THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  Kir.) Soják, nom. inval.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 10, 14. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Sibbaldianthe orientalis (Soják) Mosyakin & Shiyan (≡ Potentilla orientalis Juz., nom. inval./ Schistophyllidium bifurcum (L.) Ikonn. v subsp. orientale Soják, = Potentilla bifurca L. var. major Ledeb.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 8, 9, 14. E (m): 1848. V: UBA2019104. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Spiraea hypericifolia L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14. E (m): 1725–2200. V: UBU140182, GLM166003] RUBIACEAE Galium amblyophyllum Schrenk [Gf: Herb. RD: 14. E (m): 1800–2000. V: UBA2019056, MW0190628] Galium boreale L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2000–2700. V: UBU141466, UBA296, MW0190641, GLM165923] Galium spurium L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1785–2095. V: UBA246, KHU10706, GLM175787] Galium trifidum L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14. V: UBA232] Galium verum L. (= Galium densiflorum Ledeb.) [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. 1155–2450. V: UBU140594, UBA2019057, KHU10662, MW0190681, GLM165295] RUTACEAE Haplophyllum dauricum (L.) G. Don [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14+, 16. E (m): 1980. V: GLM166222] SALICACEAE Populus euphratica Olivier [Gf: Tree. RD: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1090–2220. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] Populus laurifolia Ledeb. [Gf: Tree. RD: 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1195–2700. V: UBU141520, UBA2019057, KHU7059, GLM164828] Populus pilosa Rehd. [Gf: Tree. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 1750. V: MW0174241] Salix caesia Vill. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14. V: UBA2117] Salix ledebouriana Trautv. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1625–2220. V: UBA4331, KHU7009, GLM164836] Salix rosmarinifolia L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 14. E (m): 1275–1600. V: UBU140197] Salix tenuijulis Ledeb. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 7, 14, 15. E (m): 1240–2430. V: UBA2019110, MW0174927, GLM164835, HAL117759] Salix triandra L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 3, 4, 14. V: UBA2019111] Salix turanica Nasarov [Gf: Shrub. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14. E (m): 1070–2220. V: UBA2019112, HAL117322, MW0174949] Salix viminalis L. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14. E (m): 1200. V: MW0174993] SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga macrocalyx Tolm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 6, 7, 13, 14. E (m): 2500–3200. V: KHU8168, OSBU22784. Ref: Kechaykin et al. (2014)] Saxifraga sibirica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14. E (m): 2030–2700. V: UBU140016, UBA2019117, GLM165986] SCROPHULARIACEAE Limosella aquatica L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Scrophularia hilbigii Jäger [Gf: Herb. RD: 13, 14. E (m): 1240–2600. V: UBU140085, UBA2844, OSBU22895, HAL55668, GLM165985, MW0189607, M0175809] Type:—MONGOLIA. West Mongolia, Dzungarian Gobi, Khovd province, Altai sum, Bodonchiin gol, 45º42ʹN, 92º05ʹE, 1240 m, E. Jäger 166 (Isotype M, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1099113351, photo seen) Note: Scrophularia hilbigii has been considered as endemic and was described from DzG region by Jäger (1985). In addition, it was recorded in the Xinjiang, China by Kosachev (2010). Scrophularia incisa Weinm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1100–2390. V: UBU140043, UBA236, KHU6814, MW0189610, OSBU22743] SOLANACEAE Hyoscyamus pusillus L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 14, 15. E (m): 1250–2200. V: UBU140568, UBA2019072, MW0189469, OSBU22876, GLM165939] Lycium ruthenicum Murray [RD: 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1030–2320. V: UBU140100, UBA2019091, MW0189420] Solanum dulcamara L. (= Solanum kitagawae Schonb.-Tem.) [RD: 3, 6, 9, 14. E (m): 2360. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)]  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. TAMARICACEAE Myricaria bracteata Royle [Gf: Shrub. RD: 1, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16. E (m): 1980–2700. V: UBU140306, UBA90310, MW0185517, GLM164901] Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1080–2900. V: UBU140460, UBA90829, KHU1543, HAL57339] Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge [Gf: Shrub. RD: 10, 14, 15. E (m): 2010. V: GLM175809] Tamarix karelinii Bunge [Gf: Shrub. RD: 10, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1150–1400. V: UBA2019129, MW0185465. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] Tamarix leptostachya Bunge [Gf: Shrub. RD: 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1000–2450. V: UBA2019131, MW0185481] Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1050–2600. V: UBA2019132, MW0185498, GLM164898] Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge [Gf: Shrub. RD: 12, 14, 16. Ref: Urgamal et al. (2014)] TYPHACEAE Sparganium emersum Rehm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14. E (m): 1100. Ref: Jäger et al. (1985)] URTICACEAE Urtica sondenii (Simm.) Avror. ex Geltm. [Gf: Herb. RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1235. Revushkin et al. (2001)] Urtica cannabina L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. E (m): 1504–2210. V: UBA01615, KHU1911] VIOLACEAE Viola patrinii Ging. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14. Ref: Gubanov (1996)] ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tribulus terrestris L. [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1175–2125. V: UBU141241, UBA01615, KHU2682, GLM175807] Zygophyllum kaschgaricum (Boriss.) (≡ Sarcozygium kaschgaricum (Boriss.) Y.X. Liou) [Gf: Shrub. CS: VU (3). RD: 13, 14, 15. E (m): 1240–2150. V: UBU141228, MW0184918, OSBU22863, GLM164899] Zygophyllum melongena Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14. E (m): 1810–1940. V: UBU140095, UBA1524] Zygophyllum neglectum Grubov [Endemic. Gf: Herb. CS: DD (3). RD: 14, 16. E (m): 1140–2065. V: MW0184928, GLM164896, LE01025043–Holotype, image seen] Zygophyllum pinnatum Cham. [Gf: Herb. CS: VU (3). RD: 7, 14. E (m): 1140–2500. V: UBU202(11a), UBA1241, MW0184931] Zygophyllum potaninii Maxim. [Gf: Herb. CS: EN (1, 2). RD: 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1085–2250. V: UBU140819, UBA2019141, MW0184934, OSBU22660] Zygophyllum pterocarpum Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1080–2500. V: UBU140795, UBA2846, KHU7172, MW0184965, GLM164897] Zygophyllum rosowii Bunge [Gf: Herb. RD: 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1140–2290. V: UBU140744, UBA09, KHU3519, MW0184941, GLM164900, OSBU22633] Zygophyllum rosowii var. latifolium (Schrenk) Popov [Gf: Herb. RD: 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1180–1830. V: UBA08. Ref: Oyundari et al. (2021)] Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim. [Gf: Shrub. RD: 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. E (m): 1080–2245. V: UBA01873, MW0184985] THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  APPENDIX . Vascular plant diversity of Dzungarian Gobi region. A total of 105 photographs of 104 species were selected from the DzG region, including rare, threatened and endemic plants of Mongolia. FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A. Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae), B. Ephedra intermedia (Ephedraceae), C– D. Amaranthaceae: C. Iljinia regelii, D. Anabasis aphylla, E. Anabasis elatior, F. Anabasis truncata, G. Nanophyton erinaceum, H, I. Asteraceae: H. Saussurea bogedaensis, I. Saussurea saichanensis.  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A–O. Amaryllidaceae: A. Allium altaicum, B. Allium amphibolum, C. Allium austrosibiricum, D. Allium bogdoicola, E. Allium carolinianum, F. Allium galanthum, G. Allium karelinii, H. Allium mongolicum, I. Allium oliganthum, J. Allium pallasii, K, L. Allium platyspathum subsp. platypathum, M. Allium pumilum, N. Allium subtilissimum, O. Allium vodopjanovae. THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A–N. Asteraceae: A. Ancathia igniaria, B. Brachanthemum mongolicum, C. Cousinia affinis, D. Doronicum turkestanicum, E. Erigeron altaicus, F. Jurinea chaetocarpa, G. Echinops integrifolius, H. Echinops humilis, I. Echinops ritro, J. Kaschgaria komarovii, K. Leontopodium campestre, L. Ligularia thomsonii, M. Rhinactinidia eremophila, N. Chondrilla lejosperma. 0 • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A. Apocynum pictum (Apocynaceae), B-F. Boraginaceae: B. Craniospermum canescens, C. Craniospermum subvillosum, D. Lindelofia stylosa, E. Onosma gmelinii, F. Rindera tetraspis, G–I. Brassicaceae: G. Draba subamplexicaulis, H. Sterigmostemum regeliorum, I. Matthiola superba, J–M. Caryophyllaceae: J. Acanthophyllum pungens, K. Dianthus crinitus subsp. soongoricus, L. Silene alexandrae, M. Silene intramongolica, N. Cuscuta lupuliformis (Convolvulaceae). THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A–I. Fabaceae: A. Astragalus dshimensis, B. Astragalus pavlovii, C. Astragalus lasiopetalus, D. Astragalus pseudovulpinus, E. Astragalus baitagensis, F. Astragalus vallestris, G. Astragalus sanczirii, H. Halimodendron halodendron, I. Oxytropis bungei.  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A–B. Gentianaceae: A. Gentiana riparia, B. Gentianella turkestanorum, C. Geranium saxatile (Geraniaceae), D. Juncus articulatus (Juncaceae), E–K. Lamiaceae: E. Dracocephalum origanoides, F. Lagopsis marrubiastrum, G. Lagochilus bungei, H. Lagochilus diacanthophyllus I. Hyssopus cuspidatus, J. Leonurus pseudopanzerioides, K. Phlomoides molucelloides L. Scutellaria supina, M. Ziziphora clinopodioides, N. Tulipa uniflora (Liliaceae), O. Dactylorhiza salina (Orchidaceae). THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •  FIGURE A0. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A–F. Orobanchaceae: A. Cistanche deserticola, B. Orobanche amoena, C. Pedicularis abrotanifolia, D. Pedicularis altaica, E. Pedicularis rhinanthoides, F. Pedicularis fetisowii, G. Euphrasia schischkinii, H. Glaucium squamigerum (Papaveraceae), I. Dodartia orientalis (Phrymaceae), J, K. Plantaginaceae: J. Linaria hepatica, K. Plantago arachnoidea, L–O. Plumbaginaceae: L. Goniolimon krylovii, M. Limonium chrysocomum, N. Limonium myrianthum, O. Limonium suffruticosum.  • Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press BAASANMUNKH ET AL. FIGURE A. Vascular plant diversity of DzG region. A. Calligonum mongolicum (Polygonaceae), B. Tamarix karelinii (Tamaricaceae), C. Primula matthioli subsp. altaica (Primulaceae), D–H. Ranunculaceae: D. Clematis glauca, E. Aconitum gubanovii, F. Delphinium iliense, G. Ranunculus songaricus, H. Trollius dschungaricus I. Potentilla pamirica, J. Potentilla turkestanica, K. Potentilla agrimonioides, L. Potentilla schmakovii, M–N. Zygophyllaceae: M. Zygophyllum kaschgaricum, N. Zygophyllum potaninii. THE VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY OF DZUNGARIAN GOBI Phytotaxa 501 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press •