Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of
South and Central America
Organized by
Roberto E. Reis
Sven O. Kullander
Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.
EDIPUCRS
Porto Alegre, 2003
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Chanceler
Dom Dadeus Grings
Reitor
Norberto Francisco Rauch
Vice-Reitor
Joaquim Clotet
Pró Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação
Urbano Zilles
Diretor do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Jeter Jorge Bertoletti
Conselho Editorial Edipucrs
Antoninho Muza Naime
Antonio Mario Pascual Bianchi
Délcia Enricone
Jayme Paviani
Luiz Antônio de Assis Brasil
Regina Zilberman
Telmo Berthold
Urbano Zilles (presidente)
Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima
Copyright © 2003 Edipucrs
Todos os direitos reservados
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
Impressão: Gráfica Epecê, com filmes fornecidos
C514
Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America / Orga
nized by Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. –
Porto Alegre : EDIPUCRS, 2003.
742 p.
ISBN 85-7430-361-5
1. Ictiologia. 2. Peixes de Água Doce – Taxonomia. 3. Peixes de Água
Doce – América Central – Catálogos. 4. Peixes de Água Doce – América
do Sul – Catálogos. I. Reis, Roberto E. II. Kullander, Sven O. III Ferraris
Jr., Carl J.
CDD 597.09298
Cataloging data prepared by the Sector of Technical Processing of the Central Library
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
ii
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Foreword
The present Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of
South and Central America (CLOFFSCA) is a product
of exciting scientific detective work and an outstanding example of voluntary international collaboration.
Why attach superlatives to a ‘simple’ annotated check
list of fish names? Several reasons explain this appreciation. They relate to the what it is, who did it and
how.
trade, conservation status and trade, legislation and
regulations. Without valid identification and classification, knowledge on individual species is of limited
usefulness beyond the immediate purpose and certainly
does not allow any cost-effective inferences on related,
yet little researched, species or other expanded use.
Though not without its own problems, the willingness of CLOFFSCA authors to include at least some of
the more accessible local or vernacular names is
commendable. Local names, though often not unambiguous and unique like scientific names, are the major access route to information for the majority of
people. This is borne out by an analysis of FishBase
use, ostensibly the most utilised public information
system on fishes, which shows that about 40% of all
search entries are via the local name. In addition, the
inclusion of local names in scientific classifications
can build bridges between local ecological and ethnographic knowledge and scientific knowledge.
First and foremost, it has taken a sheer incredible
amount of detailed scrutiny of old and not so old
source material, not readily accessible to a large public, to reconstruct the sources of names, descriptions
and occurrence of almost 4,500 species of Neotropical
freshwater fishes. In the process, tentative evidence on
a large number of undescribed species was uncovered
and provides direction for where future work is much
needed for completeness. Perhaps as many as 1,550
species are thus estimated to await scientific description. The result is the core information on identity and
classification, which links so much of the other types
of knowledge on Neotropical fishes, their ecosystems
and the various types of use into a coherent whole.
CLOFFSCA enables countries to step up their
compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). CBD demands documentation and conservation of global biodiversity – the very foundation of
the smaller number of species directly used by humankind. 187 countries were already parties to CBD
in early 2003, making it one of the most widely ratified or accepted international treaties ever. Yet the
institutionalization of mechanisms at national and
local level which would ensure systematic practice of
the principles and commitments enshrined in CBD is
CLOFFSCA provides the platform from which
work can proceed in two complementary directions: (i)
more detailed national lists or other functional sub-sets
of this almost continental core information, e.g. by
river catchment; and (ii) expanding the arrangement of
other types of knowledge associated with the valid
identity of a species, e.g. geographical range, use as a
food species (and associated processing characteristics)
or suitability for aquaculture, value in the aquarium
iii
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Among the human factors were the sense of initiative with a clear understanding of the objective, the
mutual respect between the collaborators cemented
and further developed through direct interaction at two
workshops and the leadership of the editors to keep the
undertaking on course throughout.
still a long way off. The present publication is a step in
this direction.
Secondly, getting 64 authors from Southern America, North America and Europe with different cultural
backgrounds under one roof is a fine piece of international scientific cooperation, all the more remarkable
as it was not supported by big funding or even a formal project. It was initiated by a vision of Rainer
Froese, the FishBase team leader and the trustful relationship between the editors, Sven Kullander, Roberto
E. Reis, and Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. and the numerous
authors and supporters and the sense of purpose and
achievement developed in this voluntary collaboration.
It was sustained by all partners making available their
knowledge and institutional resources, driven by intellectual curiosity and a desire to render research useful
for society and using limited available funds judiciously.
Key among the material conditions was the availability of two core electronic databases relevant to the
undertaking, namely Bill Eschmeyer’s Catalog of
Fishes with names of all genera and species of recent
fishes and FishBase, the electronic encyclopedia on
the world’s fishes, which had been launched and developed by Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly into a
global collaboration around a public knowledge good.
Backed up by the highly dedicated FishBase team in
the Philippines, CLOFFSCA work could start with a
pre-structured information base provided by these two
sources and then bring in the CLOFFSCA collaborators’ knowledge about Neotropical fishes for a complete review of accessible knowledge of this large
group of freshwater fishes. Thanks to information
technology, under conditions of mutual trust, a ‘laboratory without walls’ developed and produced the
check list.
The European Commission has supported international scientific cooperation (INCO) based on mutual
respect and partnership since 1983. This experience
serves in good stead with the ambitious process to
create a European Research Area open to the world, in
which the best scientific competence of Europe and its
partners in different parts of the world is harnessed to
improve our common understanding of the Earth’s
ecosystems and help to make the transition towards
rebuilding and sustainable use of their natural wealth.
Every good cooperation experience, like the one
bringing about CLOFFSCA, is a valuable building
block in this much larger endeavor. The achievement
should serve as inspiration to others of what voluntary
collaboration can do.
The European Commission has supported the
FishBase collaboration from the very beginning and
has been very pleased with its extremely fruitful interaction with the California Academy of Sciences’ Catalog of Fishes and more recently CLOFFSCA. In addition to this printed version of CLOFFSCA, the material can be accessed globally through FishBase, thus
adding significant value to the work accomplished. I
trust that the check list provides a very useful baseline
for systematic knowledge of Neotropical fishes and
thus enables improved compilation of other biological
and ecological knowledge around it, but also constitutes a great stimulus to explore the knowledge gaps it
is making apparent.
Finally, how did the group of dedicated individuals and their institutions make it happen – and in a
relatively short period of time at that? As is usually the
case, several factors combined favorably.
Cornelia E. Nauen
European Commission, DG Research
iv
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Contents
Foreword
Contents
List of Contributors
Introduction
Methods
Acknowledgments
References
Check List
Petromyzontiformes
Geotriidae
iii
v
viii
1
4
9
10
Anguilliformes
Anguillidae
Ophichthyidae
Clupeiformes
Clupeidae
Engraulidae
11
Pristigasteridae
Characiformes
Parodontidae
13
Curimatidae
17
Prochilodontidae
65
By R. M. C. Castro & R. P. Vari
22
Anostomidae
71
By J. C. Garavello & H. A. Britski
Chilodontidae
85
By R. P. Vari & S. J. Raredon
29
Crenuchidae
87
By P. A. Buckup
Hemiodontidae
30
96
By F. Langeani
Gasteropelecidae
31
101
By S. H. Weitzman & L. Palmer
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Elopiformes
Megalopidae
51
By R. P. Vari
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Arapaimidae
46
By C. S. Pavanelli
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossidae
43
By M. C. C. de Pinna & F. di Dario
By M. R. de Carvalho N. R. Lovejoy & R. S.
Rosa
Lepisosteiformes
Lepisosteidae
39
By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran
Myliobatiformes
Potamotrygonidae
36
By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran
Pristiformes
Pristidae
35
By S. O. Kullander
By S.O. Kullander & B. Fernholm
Carchariniformes
Carcharinidae
33
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Characidae
Species Incertae Sedis
Genera Incertae Sedis
32
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
v
104
106
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
By F. C. T. Lima, L. R. Malabarba, P. A. Buckup,
J. F. Pezzi da Silva, R. P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Benine, O. T. Oyakawa, C. S. Pavanelli, N. A. Menezes, C. A. S. Lucena, M. C. S. L. Malabarba, Z.
M. S. Lucena, R. E. Reis, F. Langeani, L. Cassati,
V. A. Bertaco, C. Moreira & P. H. F. Lucinda
Agoniatinae
Loricariidae
Lithogeneinae
Neoplecostominae
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Hypoptopomatinae
170
Loricariinae
171
Hypostominae
172
Ancistrinae
174
Pseudopimelodidae
182
Heptapteridae
197
Pimelodidae
200
Ariidae
209
Doradidae
212
Auchenipteridae
213
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
215
Sternopygidae
222
Rhamphichthyidae
231
Hypopomidae
234
Apteronotidae
238
Osmeriiformes
Galaxiidae
241
By M. Weitzman & S. H. Weitzman
Ctenoluciidae
252
Ophidiformes
Bythitidae
254
255
Batrachoidiformes
Batrachoididae
257
Gobiesociformes
Gobiesocidae
261
Atheriniformes
Atherinidae
268
By M. C. C. de Pinna
Trichomycteridae
270
Atherinopsidae
291
310
Cyprinodontiformes
Rivulidae
312
Cyprinodontidae
526
By W. J. E. M. Costa
By S. A. Schaefer
Astroblepidae
515
By B. S. Dyer
By R. E. Reis
Scoloplacidae
513
By B. S. Dyer
By M. C. C. de Pinna & W. Wosiacki
Callichthyidae
511
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By J. P. Friel
Nematogenyidae
509
By B. B. Collette
By R. P. Vari & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Aspredinidae
507
By J. G. Nielsen
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Cetopsidae
503
By T. M. Berra
By R. P. Vari
Siluriformes
Incertae Sedis
Diplomystidae
497
By J. S. Albert
By O. T. Oyakawa
Lebiasinidae
494
By J. S. Albert
By M. Toledo-Piza
Erythrinidae
492
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By N. A. Menezes
Cynodontidae
487
By J. S. Albert
By S. H. Weitzman
Acestrorhynchidae
483
By R. Campos-da-Paz
By L. R. Malabarba
Glandulocaudinae
470
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By A. R. Cardoso
Cheirodontinae
456
By M. H. Sabaj & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By R. E. Reis
Rhoadsiinae
447
By A. P. Marceniuk & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By R. E. Reis
Tetragonopterinae
432
By J. G. Lundberg & M. W. Littmann
By C. A. S. Lucena & N. A. Menezes
Stethaprioninae
406
By F. A. Bockmann & G. M. Guazzelli
By R. S. Lima
Characinae
401
By O. A. Shibatta
By M. Jégu
Aphyocharacinae
373
By S. Fisch-Muller
By F. C. T. Lima
Serrasalminae
351
By C. Weber
By C. Moreira
Bryconinae
330
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By F. C. T. Lima
Iguanodectinae
321
By S. A. Schaefer
By F. C. T. Lima & A. Zanata
Clupeacharacinae
318
318
319
549
By W. J. E. M. Costa
By S. A. Schaefer
Poeciliidae
vi
555
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
By L. Casatti
By P. H. F. Lucinda
Anablepidae
582
Polycentridae
By M. J. Ghedotti
Beloniformes
Belonidae
Cichlidae
Mugilidae
Gobiidae
Pleuronectiformes
Achiridae
591
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontidae
594
Lepidosireniformes
Lepidosirenidae
596
671
By G. Arratia
598
Index of Scientific Names
By G. Arratia
Sciaenidae
670
By S. O. Kullander
By G. Arratia
Perciliidae
666
By R. T. C. Ramos
By S. O. Kullander
Perciformes
Percichthyidae
657
By S. O. Kullander
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Synbranchiformes
Synbranchidae
655
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
589
By B. B. Collette
Syngnathiformes
Syngnathidae
605
By S. O. Kullander
586
By N. R. Lovejoy & B. B. Collette
Hemirhamphidae
603
By R. Britz & S. O. Kullander
599
vii
673
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
List of Contributors
James S. Albert
Florida Museum of Natural History
University of Florida
Gainesville FL 32611-7800
USA
albert@flmnh.ufl.edu
Gloria Arratia
Museum für Naturkunde
der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin
Institut für Systematische Zoologie
Invalidenstr. 43
D-10099 Berlin
Germany
gloria.arratia@rz.hu-berlin.de
Ricardo Benine
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP)
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRPUSP
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP
Brazil
rbenine@netsitemail.com.br
Tim M. Berra
Department of Evolution, Ecology &
Organismal Biology
The Ohio State University
Mansfield, Ohio 44906
USA
berra.1@osu.edu
Vinicius A. Bertaco
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
bertaco@pucrs.br
Flávio A. Bockmann
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP)
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRPUSP
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP
Brazil
fabockmann@ffclrp.usp.br
Heraldo A. Bristki
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
heraldo@usp.br
Ralf Britz
Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Zoologie
Universität Tübingen
Auf der Morgenstelle 28
D-72076 Tübingen
Germany
Present address:
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Washington D.C. 20560
USA
britz.ralf@nmnh.si.edu
Paulo A. Buckup
Departamento de Vertebrados
viii
Museu Nacional
Quinta da Boa Vista
20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Brazil
buckup@acd.ufrj.br
Ricardo Campos-da-Paz
Departamento de Vertebrados
Museu Nacional
Quinta da Boa Vista
20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Brazil
rcpaz@ig.com.br
Alexandre R. Cardoso
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
alexrc@pucrs.br
Marcelo R. de Carvalho
Department of Ichthyology
American Museum of Natural History
Central Park West at 79th Street
New York, NY 10024-5192
USA
marcelo@amnh.org
Lilian Cassati
Laboratório de Ictiologia
Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
IBILCE-UNESP
Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Brazil
licasatti@hotmail.com
Ricardo M. C. Castro
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP)
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRPUSP
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP
Brazil
rmcastro@usp.br
Bruce Collette
National Marine Fisheries Service
Systematics Laboratory MRC 153
National Museum of Natural History
Washington DC, 20560-0153
USA
collette.bruce@nmnh.si.edu
Wilson J. E. M. Costa
Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada
Departamento de Zoologia – UFRJ
P.O. Box 68049
21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Brazil
wcosta@acd.ufrj.br
William G. R. Crampton
Projecto Mamirauá
Caixa Postal 38
Tefé, AM
Brazil
willc@argo.com.br
Fabio di Dario
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
fddario@ib.usp.br
Brian Dyer
Escuela de Pesquerías y Cultivos
Universidad del Mar
Carmen # 446, Cº Los Placeres
Valparaíso,
Chile
bdyer@udelmar.cl
Bo Fernholm
Swedish Museum of Natural History
P.O. Box 50007 SE-104 05
Stockholm
Sweden
bo.fernholm@nrm.se
Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.
2944 NE Couch St.
Portland, OR 97232
USA
cferraris@msn.com
Sonia Fisch-Muller
Department d’Herpetologie et
d’Ichtyologie
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
P.O. Box 434
CH-1211 Genève
Switzerland
sonia.muller@mhn.ville-ge.ch
John P. Friel
Museum of Vertebrates
Cornell University
E151 Corson Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-2701
USA
jpf19@cornell.edu
Júlio C. Garavello
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Via Washington Luiz, km 235
P.O. Box 676
13565-905 São Carlos, SP
Brazil
garavello@power.ufscar.br
Michael J. Ghedotti
Regis University
Department of Biology
3333 Regis Boulevard
Denver, CO 80221-1099
USA
mghedott@regis.edu
Gizelani M. Guazelli
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
guazelli@ib.usp.br
Antony S. Harold
Grice Marine Biological Laboratory
Department of Biology
College of Charleston
205 Fort Johnson
Charleston, SC 29412
USA
harolda@cofc.edu
Michel Jégu
Antenne Ird, UR 131
Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, M.N.H.N.
43 rue Cuvier
75231 Paris Cedex 05
France
jegu@mnhn.fr
Sven O. Kullander
Department of Vertebrate Zoology
Swedish Museum of Natural History
P.O. Box 50007
SE-104 05 Stockholm
ix
Sweden
sven.kullander@nrm.se
Francisco Langeani Neto
Laboratório de Ictiologia
Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
IBILCE-UNESP
Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
Brazil
langeani@zoo.ibilce.unesp.br
Flávio C. T. Lima
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
fctlima@usp.br
Rosana S. Lima
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
rosanasl@ufba.br
Michael W. Littmann
The Academy of Natural Sciences
Department of Ichthyology
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19103
USA
littmann@acnatsci.org
Nathan R. Lovejoy
Department of Ichthyology and Herpetology
Royal Ontario Museum
100 Queen's Park
Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6
Canada
nate_lovejoy@umanitoba.ca
Carlos A. S. Lucena
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
lucena@pucrs.br
Zilda Margarete S. Lucena
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
margarete@pucrs.br
Paulo H. F. Lucinda
Laboratório de Ictiologia
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Universidade do Tocantins - Campus
de Porto Nacional
Caixa Postal 25
77500-000 Porto Nacional, TO
Brazil
plucinda@unitins.br
Jørgen G. Nielsen
Zoological Museum
Universitetsparken 15
2100 Copenhagen
Denmark
jgnielsen@zmuc.ku.dk
John G. Lundberg
The Academy of Natural Sciences
Department of Ichthyology
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19103
USA
lundberg@acnatsci.org
Osvaldo T. Oyakawa
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
oyakawa@usp.br
Luiz R. Malabarba
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
malabarb@pucrs.br
Lisa Palmer
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
USA
palmer.lisa@nmnh.si.edu
Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba
Laboratory of Paleontology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
mariacm@pucrs.br
Alexandre P. Marceniuk
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
almar@ib.usp.br
John D. McEachran
Department of Wildlife & Fishery
Science
Texas A&M University
22587 AMU
College Station, TX 77843-2258
USA
j-mceachran@tamu.edu
Naércio A. Menezes
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
naercio@usp.br
Cristiano Moreira
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
cmoreira@ib.usp.br
Carla S. Pavanelli
Fundação Universidade Estadual de
Maringá
Nupelia
Av. Colombo, 3690
87020-900 Maringá, PR
Brazil
carlasp@nupelia.uem.br
Roberto E. Reis
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
reis@pucrs.br
Ricardo S. Rosa
Depto de Sistemática e Ecologia
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
58059-900 João Pessoa, PB
Brazil
rsrosa@dse.ufpb.br
Mark Sabaj
The Academy of Natural Sciences
Department of Ichthyology
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19103
USA
sabaj@acnatsci.org
Scott A. Schaefer
Division of Vertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History
Central Park West @ 79th Street
New York, NY 10024-5192
USA
schaefer@amnh.org
José F. Pezzi da Silva
Laboratory of Ichthyology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
PUCRS
P.O. Box 1429
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
pezzi@pucrs.br
Oscar A. Shibatta
Departamento de Biologia Animal e
Vegetal
Centro de Ciências Biológicas
Universidade Estadual de Londrina
86051-990 Londrina, PR
Brazil
shibatta@uel.br
Mário C. C. de Pinna
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
pinna@ib.usp.br
Mônica Toledo-Pizza
Departamento de Zoologia
Instituto de Biociências
Universidade de São Paulo
Caixa Postal 11461
05422-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
mtpiza@usp.br
Robson T. C. Ramos
Depto de Sistemática e Ecologia
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
58059-900 João Pessoa, PB
Brazil
robtamar@dse.ufpb.br
Sandra J. Raredon
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
USA
raredon.sandra@nmnh.si.edu
x
Richard P. Vari
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
USA
vari.richard@nmnh.si.edu
Claude Weber
Department d’Herpetologie et
d’Ichtyologie
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
P.O. Box 434
CH-1211 Genève
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Switzerland
claude.weber@mhn.ville-ge.ch
Marilyn Weitzman
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
USA
weitzman.marilyn@nmnh.si.edu
Stanley H. Weitzman
Division of Fishes
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
USA
weitzman.stan@nmnh.si.edu
Wolmar Wosiacki
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Laboratório de Ictiologia
Av. Magalhães Barata, 376
P.O. Box 399
66040-170 Belém, PA
xi
Brazil
wolmar@museu-goeldi.br
Angela M. Zanata
Museu de Zoologia
Universidade de São Paulo
P.O. Box 42594
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
Brazil
zanata@ib.usp.br
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
xii
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Introduction
What is CLOFFSCA?
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD for
short), established in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, was a
major effort in several respects relevant to systematic
research and the use of organisms. It made clear that
mankind is dependent not on farm products alone, but
on the functional interaction of the totality of the organisms on earth, the biological diversity. It stressed
that this diversity is still unknown for the most part,
that properties of unknown or little known organisms
may be of vital interest to mankind, and that the obligation of management and right of exploitation of local
diversity remains with the nation or traditional ethnic
groups occupying the particular area.
The convention had several desirable effects. One
was increased awareness of diversity itself, and focus
on the presumed extremely species rich tropical forested regions of earth. Another was awareness of the
need for sustainable use not only of farmland, but also
of natural resources and need for research on natural
harvesting and new channels for distribution of profits
from natural products to benefit rural societies to a
greater extent than before.
What matters in this world is not only economic
profit. The intellectual gains from research on an inexhaustible global biological diversity is fundamental to
any rational use of natural biological resources, and
the basic science dealing with biodiversity is systematic research.
The CBD prescribes that all countries should establish lists of their national fauna and flora. Even for
most developed countries, this remains a huge undertaking, much more so for tropical countries which
mostly have other primary concerns with available
funding. The only option is to organize local and international expertise to at least give such lists a start.
Several projects have been started in this direction,
notably GBIF the Global Biodiversity Information
Facility, but also FishBase, Species2000, and similar
database projects which on a smaller scale paved the
way for the bigger undertakings. Ali of these are
driven by scientists, and all recognize that mapping the
world's biodiversity cannot be done with national
concerns, but have to be based on a scientific approach. In the Neotropics, the NEODAT project has
existed for two decades with the goal to collect and
share all kinds of information of interest to the systematic study of Neotropical freshwater fishes.
The undesirable effect was that numerous countries closed their boundaries to systematic research for
CLOFFSCA is one more contribution towards the
tear of economic exploitation, and whereas deforestaobjectives
of the CBD. It is intended to be a methotion and other large scale destructive activities contindologically
precise, complete, and reliable list of all
ued as before or even accelerated, the exploration of
freshwater fishes occurring in the Neotropical realm.
biodiversity suffered greatly.
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
and can be used as a platform for both national and
regional checklists.
cerned. Authors have also compiled brief family descriptions.
The bibliographic references at the end of each
family account were pulled from FishBase according
to references given in the checklist proper, u s u a l l y
with considerable updates provided by the authors.
The objectives of CLOFFSCA
CLOFFSCA is a biodiversity inventory of the
freshwater fishes of South and Central America, including the Caribbean islands. It meets two immediate
objectives, the first to list all known taxa for the region, and the second to establish a platform for keeping
the inventory updated. The most frustrating part of
making a checklist is knowing that the day after publication, it will inevitably be outdated by new discoveries; but in fact the checklist will boost new discoveries
because it makes it easier to spot new taxa.
Editors have acted as pushers, and to quite some
extent guided the work to comply with the intended
format. Over the four years of existence, editors have
met once to compile the final revisions, but otherwise
corresponded by email. A major event in CLOFFSCA
history was the gathering in September 2000 of more
than half of the author score for a brainstorming in
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The week-long
exercise also included several non-specialists from
northern South America and the Caribbean region
working with country checklists and FishBase staff.
The meeting was especially fruitful in providing a
better understanding of, and coordination of higher
level systematics. There were considerable differences
in the family classification of the Neotropical fishes
between the Catalog, FishBase, and the active scientists, and CLOFFSCA reflects the opinion of the scientists.
How CLOFFSCA was accomplished
CLOFFSCA was made possible by two database resources combined with a large number of systematic
expertise. The Catalog of Fishes compiled by William
N. Eschmeyer at the California Academy of Sciences,
is the first large-scale animal names registry to become
available in electronic form and covers all generic and
species names of Recent fishes: 10,300 generic and
subgeneric names, and 53,500 specific and subspecific
names (Eschmeyer, 1998: 7), The Catalog also forms
an important part of the taxonomic backbone in
FishBase, which is a global information system
covering all aspects of fish biology, created by Daniel
Pauly and Rainer Froese (Froese & Pauly, 2000) and
developed into one of the most comprehensive
electronic data sources of any larger animal group.
FishBase contributed the staff for editing and entering
information into a version of the Catalog. Both the
Catalog and FishBase have had free access to
CLOFFSCA information and in this way all three
projects have benefited from the enterprise.
The final version of CLOFFSCA was ready by the
end of 2002, and the publishing house of the Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul accepted
to publish the volume.
Present status of systematic ichthyology in South
and Central America
The volume on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes (Malabarba et al., 1998) was a milestone in Neotropical ichthyology, with numerous specialists presenting overview information on nearly all
groups of Neotropical freshwater fishes. As exposed in
this volume, Neotropical fish systematics is still a
dynamic field, with numerous problems still to be
resolved, but it also reflects the existence of a stable
platform grounded in cladistic methodology and with
taxon coverage being a major obstacle. The Neotropical fish fauna is an extremely rich component of the
global freshwater fish fauna, including about 6,000 of
the world's about 13,000 freshwater fish species.
The editors invited experts for each family or subfamily of Neotropical fishes to participate in
CLOFFSCA. In the end 64 persons, mostly from South
America, some from North America, and a few in
Europe, were enlisted. All experts have exerted strong
ambitions and considerable devotion to the task, and
only two eventually gave up the idea. For groups
where no experts were available, the editors have made
the compilations to the best of their ab ility .
Many areas of the Neotropics are still not
ichthyologically explored, and large collections exist
that have still not been carefully studied by specialists.
FishBase sent excerpts of names to the authors,
who prepared lists of valid names with synonyms, and
these clean lists were then used for successive revisions of information as now displayed in CLOFFSCA,
in clu d in g valid name and all synonyms with
publication reference, information on name-bearing
types, and type locality, as well as information on
geographical distribution, length, and common name,
and when needed also remarks on the status of the
taxon con-
How many Neotropical freshwater fish species are
there?
The information available from CLOFFSCA can be
used in numerous ways to calculate fish biodiversity,
and will be a significant tool for creating regional.
2
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
drainage, or country lists of species. Here we will be
content to look at species numbers by family.
CLOFFSCA recognizes 4,475 valid species of Neotropical freshwater fishes. This is the exact figure of the
known species richness of the Neotropical freshwater
fish fauna. Altogether, 1,550 undescribed species may
be estimated from authors' expertise or conjectures and
knowledge about ongoing work, bringing
the estimated existing fish species in Neotropical
freshwater to 6,025 (Table 1). This is slightly higher
than the traditional recent estimate of 5,000 South
American freshwater fishes (Schaefer, 1998: 377), but
much less than Schaefer's (1998:378) calculated estimate of possibly more than 8,000 Neotropical freshwater fish species.
TABLE 1. Numbers of valid, estimated undescribed, and total estimate of freshwater species in Neotropical
freshwaters, in systematic order. Estimates may be considered low, and even for families with no expected new
species, at least the more species rich families have a potential for new discoveries.
FAMILY
Geotriidae
Carcharhinidae
Pristidae
Potamotrygonidae
Lepisosteidae
Osteoglossidae
Arapaimatidae
Megalopidae
Anguillidae
Ophichthidae
Clupeidae
Engraulididae
Pristigasteridae
Parodontidae
Curimatidae
Prochilodontidae
Anostomidae
Chilodontidae
Crenuchidae
Hemiodontidae
Gasteropelecidae
Characidae
Acestrorhynchidae
Cynodontidae
Erythrinidae
Lebiasinidae
Ctenoluciidae
Diplomystidae
Cetopsidae
Aspredinidae
Nematogenyidae
Trichomycteridae
Callichthyidae
Scoloplacidae
Astroblepidae
Loricariidae
VALID
SPECIES
2
1
2
18
1
2
1
1
1
1
10
20
5
23
97
21
138
7
73
28
9
952
15
14
15
61
7
6
20
36
1
171
177
4
54
673
UNDESC
SPECIE
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
6
10
0
25
0
30
10
2
400
3
2
15
12
0
1
20
11
0
55
45
2
10
300
TOTAL
SPECIES
FAMILY
2
1
2
23
1
2
1
1
1
1
10
30
5
29
107
21
163
7
103
38
11
1352
18
16
30
73
7
7
40
47
1
226
222
6
64
973
Heptapteridae
Pimelodidae
Pseudopimelodidae
Ariidae
Doradidae
Auchenipteridae
Gymnotidae
Sternopygidae
Rhamphichthyidae
Hypopomidae
Apteronotidae
Galaxiidae
Bythitidae
Batrachoididae
Gobiesocidae
Atherinidae
Atherinopsidae
Rivulidae
Cyprinodontidae
Poeciliidae
Anablepidae
Belonidae
Hemiramphidae
Syngnathidae
Synbranchidae
Percichthyidae
Perciliidae
Sciaenidae
Polycentridae
Cichlidae
Mugilidae
Gobiidae
Achiridae
Tetraodontidae
Lepidosirenidae
Total
3
VALID
SPECIES
UNDESC
186
83
26
46
74
91
19
27
13
25
52
6
6
5
7
3
94
235
58
216
15
9
2
5
4
5
2
21
2
406
2
40
20
2
1
4475
52
45
14
10
25
40
10
20
5
20
30
0
0
0
0
0
12
35
10
53
3
0
0
0
10
0
0
2
0
165
0
10
5
0
0
1550
SPECIES
TOTAL
SPECIES
238
128
40
56
99
131
29
47
18
45
82
6
6
5
7
3
106
270
68
269
18
9
2
5
14
5
2
23
2
571
2
50
25
2
1
6025
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Methods
however, include species which are predominantly
marine or brackish water. The Gobiidae are globally
chiefly shallow water coastal marine or estuarine
fishes, with rather few representatives restricted to
freshwater. Many species of Atherinopsidae are marine
but migrate to estuaries for spawning, whereas others
are euryhaline or restricted to freshwater. In these and
other families with representatives in both fresh and
more or less saline waters, we have included species
that are likely to be found in freshwater conditions near
the coast, but excluded species for which available
information suggests that they are only found in salt
water. Decisions have not always been straightforward
and for many taxa the relevant information is simply
not available. Other families include migratory species,
like the Anguillidae, and Megalopidae, which spend
only part of their life cycle in fresh water. In
CLOFFSCA, these migratory species are included. A
selection was made of families which only contain
brackish or marine species, some of which are regularly encountered in fresh water, e.g. the Carcharhinidae. We have otherwise strived to exclude essentially
marine fishes which would be expected to be covered
by check-lists of coastal and marine fishes. All in all,
CLOFFSCA is a documentation of the highly endemic
and particular Neotropical freshwater fish fauna, not a
field guide to whatever fish might be encountered in
South or Central American streams and ponds.
Summary of Information Included
CLOFFSCA lists provide basic nomenclature] information on genera and species of freshwater fishes from
South and Central America, including the Caribbean
islands. The southern limit extends to the southern tip
of the continent and includes the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. All Antillean islands are covered,
and all Central America. The northern limit is less
precise. The Neotropical fish fauna is well characterized by numerous endemic families in South
America, e.g., almost all ostariophysan families. That
fauna extends to southern Mexico, and traditionally the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec is considered to be an
imprecise northern limit of the Neotropical fauna. The
North American fauna, characterized by circumarctic
families like pikes (Esocidae), perches (Percidae) and
cypi'inids (Cyprinidae), extends into northern Mexico.
We include members of Neotropical families that are
found north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, principally
cichlids and poeciliids, but we exclude North American families from that area. Thus, Cyprinidae and
Ictaluridae and are not covered in CLOFFSCA, even
though they are represented by several species within
the range of the Cichlidae and Poeciliidae in northern
Mexico. There is thus a slight overlap with the American Fisheries Society checklist of North American
fishes (Robins et al., 1991; new edition in preparation),
but essentially CLOFFSCA complements that
checklist.
Most families included in CLOFFSCA are purely
freshwater fishes. Several of the included families,
The coverage is believed to be exhaustive up
through mid-2002, and probably quite complete also
up through December 2002. New taxa are being des-
4
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
cribed all the time, and descriptions in obscure literature are difficult to locate immediately.
Contextual information for species includes
maximum length, geographical distribution, countries
of occurrence, common names, and remarks and references.
Classification used
Maximum length is derived from various sources
available to authors, but is often not known to a reasonable degree of certainty. Many species are known
only from the type series, which may be based on
subadult specimens. Length information derived from
systematic sources is usually standard length, abbreviated SL, which is the length from the tip of the snout
to the base of the caudal fin (details of measurement
may vary between systematic groups, however).
Length information from other sources, however, is
commonly total length, abbreviated TL, which is the
length from the tip of the snout to the tip of the caudal
fin with the caudal fin lobes pressed together. The size
of skates and rays is rather given as disk width, DW,
which is the greatest width between tips of pectoral
fins.
CLOFFSCA classification builds on results covered in
Malabarba et al. (1998), which radically revised views
of both relationships and classification of Neotropical
fishes. CLOFFSCA thus departs from many traditional
texts, such as Nelson (1984), Eschmeyer (1998), or
FishBase, and implements the frontline in systematic
research. This is most notable in the classification of
families within catfishes and characids. Research by de
Pinna (1998) shows that Neotropical catfishes are not
a monophyletic group, but particular families have
th ei r closest relatives on other continents, and traditional groups were based on overall similarity rather than
on shared derived characters. Thus, a large part of the
traditional Pimelodidae here appears as a separate
family, the Hepapteridae, and a smaller component is
now the Pseudopimelodidae. The classification is thus
novel with CLOFFSCA, but is judged to be stable in
regard to novel proposals. Ongoing research may further improve on the classification used herein, however.
The geographical distribution refers to river drainages, lakes, islands or similar geographical features.
and extends to the best of knowledge. The distribution
is only sketchily documented for most species. Geographical names are mostly in the language of the
country where the fishes are distributed. In cases of
rivers running through different countries, like the
Maroni (French)/Marowijne (Surinamese), which
forms the border between French Guyana and
Suriname, only one of the names is used consistently.
We use Paraguay and Uruguay (Spanish) instead of
Paraguai or Uruguai (Brazilian) for two major rivers in
southern South America, and we use Amazon basin
(English) instead of Amazonas (Brazilian, Spanish) for
the major river in South America.
Listing standards
Families are arranged in systematic order as far as
possible. Two large families, the Characidae and the
Loricariidae, have been subdivided into subfamilies.
Several smaller families also contain subfamilies, but
such are then detailed on only in the family synopsis.
Within families, genera, and species within genera,
are listed in alphabetical order under the valid name
for the taxon. Each genus entry is followed by a list of
synonyms with reference to author, year and page
The list of countries simply records the countries
number in the original publication, followed by the
name of the type species and type category (by from which a species is positively recorded. Introducmonotypy, original designation, or subsequent desig- tions are indicated as such. Also this list is often to be
nation), and the gender of the generic name (masculine, considered preliminary.
feminine, or neuter). The name of the type species is
Common names are listed by country, and derive
the original combination unless particular conditions from FishBase as a principal source, but modified and
require that some other combination be used. completed by authors. Any list of common names of
Synonyms are listed in chronological order.
fishes from a large tropical region cannot presently be
The same arrangement is followed for species, but complete. Common names may be unavailable because
in the synonymy list reference is given also to the the species are not recognized by non-systematists, and
principal illustration, if any, in the original publication. particular species may be called by a generic term.
The type locality is intended to be the type locality as Thus, cichlids are known as acará, bujurqui, vieja, or
stated in the original publication. Clarifications or mojarra in different regions, but noncommercial
corrections to the original type locality are sometimes species are often not given particular names. It is also
included in square brackets. Information about type frequently the case that recorded common names
specimens is derived from the original publication or cannot be correlated with a particular species as known
in a scientific sense. The recording of common names
from other sources.
thus has a potential for development, and lack of a
common name for any particular
5
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
species in CLOFFSCA should be considered an inspiration for efforts of recording and allocating names
rather than as a shortcoming.
section of each family account, the actual date of publication is listed along with the stated year of publication (usually enclosed in square brackets). More precise information on the date of publication (i.e., month
or month and day) is only provided if that information
is relevant to the decision of the valid name for a species in which two or more available names for the
species were published during the same year.
Remarks and references highlight important recent
revisions, and cases of nomenclatural uncertainty or
different opinion on the status of names. The remarks
and references are certainly not exhaustive.
Original spelling of names
Cited page numbers for new names
In the synonymies, we use the original spelling of a
name, as it appears in the original description. The
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(ICZN, 1999), says that capital first letters in species
epithets and diacritic marks have to be corrected to
lower-case letter or deleted, respectively, in subsequent
usage, but we consider it more appropriate to record
here the original spelling rather than introduce
corrections in the citation, particularly because this
facilitates correction of spelling of names whenever
used as valid names. Thus diacritic marks appear in the
synonym list, but of course may never be used in valid
names.
Page numbers provided for each proposed new name
represent the page of the publication in which the name
is first proposed as new and for which information is
provided that makes the name available. In a few
cases, two page numbers are listed, because the
information needed to make the name available is
divided between those two pages.
In some 19th and early 20th Century journals, offprints of articles were issued with pagination that differs from that of the article in the journal. In general,
the page numbers cited herein are the journal numbers
and not those of the offprints. However, if evidence
exists that the offprint was issued in advance of the
Type-localities as originally stated by author of journal, that is so noted in the References and the apname
propriate page number of the offprint is listed.
The type locality is the locality from which the name
bearing type was collected. Often the type locality is
erroneously reported, or place names are misspelled.
Sometimes, additional information is available rendering greater precision to a vaguely expressed type
locality. Whenever a neotype is selected, the type locality is formally changed to that of the neotype. A
syntype series consisting of specimens from several
localities has a complex type locality including different geographical sites; when a lectotype is selected, the
type locality automatically becomes that of the
lectotype. By citing "corrected" type localities or only
a neotype locality one loses information that could
affect future revisions negatively. Whenever the cited
original type locality is different from the known type
locality, we add information about the known type
locality.
In a few cases, cited publications were issued
without pagination. New names described in such
publications are listed with a page number enclosed in
square brackets, with the assumption that the article
containing the new name began on page 1.
Cuvier and Valenciennes' (1828-1850) Histoire
naturelle des Poissons was issued in two, apparently
simultaneous, editions. One edition, called (by Bailey
1951, 1957) the Regular Edition, consists of 22 volumes in octavo format. The other, called the Strasbourg Deluxe Edition, also consists of 22 volumes, but
in a slightly larger, royal octavo, format. Although the
contents of each volume the two editions are identical,
the pagination of the volumes differs, with fewer pages
in the Strasbourg deluxe edition. Although the
existence of the two editions is well known (see Dean,
1916: 287), most authors have access to only one of the
two editions (usually the Regular Edition, which is
more widely available), which has resulted in a certain
amount of confusion about the correct page of a new
name. Herein, we cite the page numbers of the Regular
Edition. When authors provided page numbers from
the Strasbourg Deluxe Edition, we list those numbers
in square brackets after the page from the Regular
Edition.
Date of publication of names
The date of publication of all names listed herein represents the best available information on what year the
publication containing the new name, or that portion of
the publication in which all elements necessary to
make the new name available, was actually issued. In
many cases, this date differs from that stated on the
publication. Publications were sometimes issued earlier than stated but, more often, the publication was not
actually issued until a date later than that listed
(sometimes several years later). In the References
Genera and species of uncertain relationships
6
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
In several accounts within this volume, genera and DZSASP Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria de
species are listed as valid, but their placement within a
Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo (specimens now
higher taxon is unclear. These genera and species are
at MZUSP)
listed at the beginning of the Order or Family to DZUH Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de la
which they belong, under the heading Incertae sedis, to
Habana, Habana, Cuba
make clear that the species should be considered valid, EEBP Estacao Experimental de Biologia e Piscicultura
but not in the genus in which it was described or any of
de Pirassununga, Pirassununga, Brazil
the treated genera.
ENCB, ENCB-IPN, IPN, PNCB Instituto Politecnico.
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas de Mexico,
Mexico, Mexico
Names of uncertain status
FCLR Fundacion Cientifica Los Roques, Venezuela
A number of available species names and, in a few
FFSUC Ichthyology Collection, Faculty of Forestry
cases, generic names, for Neotropical fishes could not
Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
be placed either as a valid name or as a synonym of
FML Instituto Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman,
another name. In general, these names were proposed
Argentina
with descriptions that were not sufficiently precise to
FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
allow the CLOFFSCA author to assign the name to a
USA
particular species and the type or types are either misINHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign,
sing or otherwise unavailable for study. These names
USA
have been included at the end of the taxon to which
INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia,
their assignment could be made, under the heading
Manaus, Brazil
Species inquirenda (Species inquirendae, pl.) for speICNMHN Unidad de Ictiologia del Instituto de Ciencies names and GENUS INQUIRENDUM (GENERA
cias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, UniversiINQUIRENDAE, pl.) for generic names. Species names
dad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
that were not assignable to any genus are listed at the
IRSNB Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belend of the family account, with SPECIES
gique, Brussels, Belgium
INQUIRENDA in capital letters.
ISER Institutul Speologie Emil G Rachovita, Bucuresti, Romania
Museum codes
ILPLA Instituto de Limnologia, Museo de La Plata. La
Plata, Argentina
Type specimens of Neotropical fishes are distributed in
numerous collections all over the Americas, Europe INVEMAR Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de
Punta de Betin, Santa Marta, Colombia
and elsewhere. Each such collection is identified by a
2-5 letter code (sometimes longer). Museum codes IO Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao
Paulo, Brazil. Formerly Instituto Paulista de Oceanogenerally follow Leviton et al. (1985), Leviton &
grafia.
Gibbs (1988), and Eschmeyer (1998).
IU Indiana University (now distributed among several
North American museums)
AFAQ Australia Amateur Fisheries Association of
Queensland, Australia. Most specimens transferred to IZAC Academia de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoologia, La
Habana, Cuba
Queensland Museum (QM), Brisbane AFY Personal
IZUA Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zocollection of Agustin Fernandez-Yepez,
ologia, Valdivia, Chile
Venezuela ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of
KU
University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History,
Philadelphia,
Lawrence,
USA
Philadelphia, USA AMNH American Museum of
LACM Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles,
Natural History, New
USA
York, USA AMS Australian Museum, Sydney.
LGP Laboratorio de Genetica de Peixes. Departamento
Australia BMNH Natural History Museum, London,
de Biologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
UK CAS California Academy of Sciences, San
LIVCM Merseyside County Museum, Liverpool, UK
Francisco,
MACLPI Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, LaboratoUSA CBF Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna, Museo
rio de la Seccion de Pesca Interior y Piscicultura.
Nacional
Venezuela.
de Historia Natural, Instituto de Ecologfa, La Paz,
MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
Bolivia CM Carnegie Museum (now in
"Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
FMNH)
MB Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage, Lisboa.
DBCUCH Universidad de Chile, Departamento
Portugal
de
Biologia Celular y Genetica, Santiago, Chile
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
MBLUZ Museo de Biologia de la Universidad del
Ziilia, Venezuela
MBUCV Museo de Biologia, Universidad Central de
Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
MCNG Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Guanare, Venezuela
MCP Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Pontiftcia
Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Brazil
MCN Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
MFA Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Florentine Ameghino", Santa Fe, Argentina
MHNG Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland
MLP Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
MNHN Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, Paris,
France
MHNLS, SCN Museo de Histona Natural La Salle,
Caracas. Venezuela
MHNM Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo,
Montevideo, Uruguay
MF1NN Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Neuchatel,
Switzerland
MNHNC Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago. Chile
MNHNM Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Mexico, Mexico
MNRJ Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
MPEG Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil
MRAC Afrika-Museum, Tervuren. Belgium
MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova
'Giacomo Doria'. Genova, Italy
MTD Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden
MUSM Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos,
Museu de Historia Natural 'Javier Prado', Lima, Peru
MZUB Museo Zoologico dell'Universita de Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
MZUF Universita di Firenze, Museo Zoologico de la
Specola, Firenze, Italy
MZUSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao
Paulo. São Paulo. Brazil
MZUT Universita di Torino, Museo Zoologico, Torino. Italy
NMNZ National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
NMV Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria
NRM Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
PSU Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
USA
RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum. Leiden,
The Netherlands
ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
RUSI South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity.
Grahamstown, South Africa
SIUC Southern Illinois University at Carbondale,
Carbondale, USA
SMF Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main,
Germany
SMNS Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart.
Stuttgart, Germany
SU Stanford University (now in CAS)
TNHC Texas Memorial Museum. Texas Natural History Collection, Austin, USA
TU Tulane University, Tulane, USA
UAB Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Departamento de Biologia, Barcelona, Spain
UANL Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
UBJTL Universidad Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano,
Bogota, Colombia
UFPB Universidade Federal de Parafba, Joao Pessoa.
Brazil
UHMP Universidad de La Habana Museo Poey, La
Habana, Cuba
UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology,
Ann Arbor, USA
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum
Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
ZMA Zoologisches Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universitat,
Berlin, Germany
ZMH Zoologisches Museum und Zoologisches Institut, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
ZMUC Zoological Museum , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
ZMUL Lund University, Zoological Museum, Lund.
Sweden
ZSM Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates,
Munchen, Germany
ZUEC Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departmento do Zoologia, Campinas, Brazil
ZVC Departamento de Zoologia Vertebrados de la
Facultad de Humanidides y Ciencias, Montevideo.
Uruguay.
8
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Acknowledgments
The initiative to CLOFFSCA was taken by Rainer
Froese, FishBase, back in 1998, and soon thereafter
taken up by the editors, but Rainer Froese continuously
supervising the progress and coordinating the
interactions between the editors and contributors and
the FishBase staff. The project was supported financially by The World Fish Center. Penang (then
ICLARM, Philippines), channeled through its support
to FishBase staff and operations.
primarily by Rainer Froese, and database interactions
programmed by Josephine F. D. Rius. Alexandre Zart,
CPD-PUCRS, helped with word processor programming for generating the Taxonomic Index.
The September 2000 workshop in Santo Domingo
was ably arranged by Cristina Garilao, Emily Capuli.
and Tess Cruz from the FishBase team, and by Carlos
Rodriquez as local host. The workshop funding was
provided by ICLARM, drawing on funds from the
EDF, enabling not less than 23 specialists and regional
biologists from five countries to gather in the Dominican Republic for one week of intense discussions.
The FishBase scientist team at Los Baiios. Philippines, E. Emily Capuli, Armi Torres, Christine M. V.
Casal, Cristina V. Garilao, and Josephine F. D. Rius,
managed the data entry and revisions, and produced
the pre-printout for CLOFFSCA. Boris Fabres. administrator of the FishBase project, coordinated the
interactions between FishBase. ICLARM and the EC,
and with the author team. The operation was designed
CLOFFSCA would have been impossible to make
without the access to the Catalog of Fishes, designed
and compiled by William N. Eschmeyer. California
Academy of Sciences.
9
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
References
Bailey, R.M. 1951. The authorship of names proposed
in Cuvier and Valenciennes' "Histoire Naturelle des
Poissons." Copeia, 1951:249-251.
Bailey, R.M. 1957. Request for a ruling determining
the authorship to be attributed to the various portions
of the work entitled "Historie Naturelle des Poissons"
written partly by Cuvier and partly by Valenciennes
and published in the period 1828-1850. Bulletin of
Zoological Nomenclature, 13(10/11): 309-312.
Cuvier. G. and A. Valenciennes. 1828-1850. Histoire
Naturelle des Poissons. Ch. Pitois & Ve Levrault,
Paris & Strasbourg.
Dean, B. 1916. A bibliography of fishes; enlarged and
edited by Charles Rochester Eastman. Vol. 1, A—K.
American Museum of Natural History, New York, x
+ 718 p.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.). 1998. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
Froese. R. and D. Pauly. 2000. FishBase 2000: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Los Banos,
Laguna, Philippines, http://www.fishbase.org
IC/.N [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]. 1999. International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature. The International Trust for Zoological
Nomenclature, London.
Leviton, A.E., R.H. Gibbs Jr., E. Heal and C.E. Dawson. 1985. Standards in Herpetology and Ichthyology. Fart 1. Standard symbolic codes for institutional
resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology.
Copeia, 1985:802-832.
Leviton, A.E. and R.H. Gibbs, Jr. 1988. Standards in
Herpetology and Ichthyology. Standard symbolic
codes for institution resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Supplement No. 1: Additions
and corrections. Copeia, 1988: 280-282.
Malabarba, L.R., R.E. Reis, R.P. Van, Z.M. Lucena
and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). 1998. Phytogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre.
Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the World. 3rd Edition. J.
Wiley and Sons, New York, London, Sydney & Toronto.
de Pinna, M.C.C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of
Neotropical Siluriformes (Telesotei: Ostariophysi):
Historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. Pp.
279-330 In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Van,
Z.M. Lucena & C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). Phylogeny and
classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto
Alegre.
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker.
E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991.
Common and scientific names of fishes from the
United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication (20): 183 p.
Schaefer, S.A. 1998. Conflict and resolution: impact of
new taxa on phylogenetic studies of the Neotropical
cascudinhos (Siluroidei: Loricariidae). Pp. 375-400
In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Van. Z.M.
Lucena & C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre.
10
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae
Flávio C. T. Lima, Luiz R. Malabarba, Paulo A. Buckup, José F. Pezzi da Silva,
Richard P. Vari, Anthony Harold, Ricardo Benine, Osvaldo T. Oyakawa,
Carla S. Pavanelli, Naércio A. Menezes, Carlos A. S. Lucena,
Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba, Zilda Margarete S. Lucena,
Roberto E. Reis, Francisco Langeani, Lilian Cassati,
Vinicius A. Bertaco, Cristiano Moreira
and Paulo H. F. Lucinda
Characid genera listed below as Incertae Sedis constitute a largely heterogeneous assemblage of small to large-sized fishes.
Most of these genera had been included in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae (see Géry, 1977). However, considering the
lack of evidence that this subfamily constitutes a monophyletic assemblage (e.g., Weitzman & Fink, 1983; Weitzman &
Malabarba, 1998), this classification was not adopted here. Instead, we preferred to emphasize the fact that interrelationships among the Characidae are poorly known, and only consider subfamilies for which some evidence of monophyly is
available.
Eighty eight genera are listed as Incertae Sedis here, including 620 species. Among these, 64% or 399 species, are assigned
to the speciose, taxonomically poorly known, and possibly not monophyletic genera of Characidae, Hyphessobrycon (97
species), Astyanax (86 species), Moenkhausia (58 species), Bryconamericus (51 species), and Hemigrammus (43 species),
or to Creagrutus (64 species), a group recently revised and for which the taxonomic situation is now clear (Vari & Harold,
2001). In addition, more than 53% or 47 genera included as Incertae Sedis are monotypic and 26% or 23 genera contain
only two or three species.
These mostly small fishes are abundant in rivers and other aquatic habitats throughout the Neotropical region and many
have use as food or pets in the aquarium trade. Also is listed Salminus, the large dourados from the La Plata, São Francisco,
Magdalena, and the periphery of Amazon/Orinoco basins. These predatory, ichthyophagous fishes are one of the main
targets of the professional and amateur fishing in South America and are among the largest Neotropical characiforms. The
bizarre lepidophagous Roeboexodon geryi, the herring-like Triportheus, and the neon tetras of the genus Paracheirodon are
also listed below as Incertae Sedis genera within the Characidae.
Authors to the species below are as follows: Carla S. Pavanelli (Bryconacidnus, Carlastyanax, Genycharax, Gymnocharacinus, Gymnotichthys, Hasemania, Markiana, Nematobrycon, Oxybrycon, Parapristella, Parecbasis, Phenagoniates, Probolodus, Psalidodon, Schultzites, Xenagoniates), Carlos A. S. Lucena (Bryconexodon, Exodon, Serrabrycon), Carlos A. S.
Lucena & Paulo H. F. Lucinda (Gnathoplax, Roeboexodon), Flávio C. T. Lima (Astyanacinus, Axelrodia, Chalceus, Coptobrycon, Engraulisoma, Inpaichthys, Lignobrycon, Petitella, Piabarchus, Rachoviscus, Salminus, Stygichthys), Flávio C. T.
Lima & Cristiano Moreira (Thayeria), Flávio C. T. Lima & Luiz R. Malabarba (Hyphessobrycon), Flávio C. T. Lima &
Osvaldo T. Oyakawa (Hemigrammus), Francisco Langeani (Bryconella, Microgenys), José F. Pezzi da Silva (Bryconamericus, Ceratobranchia, Knodus), Luiz R. Malabarba (Aphyocharacidium, Aphyodite, Atopomesus, Aulixidens, Boehlkea,
Brittanichthys, Caiapobrycon, Grundulus, Hypobrycon, Leptagoniates, Leptobrycon, Microschemobrycon, Mixobrycon,
Monotocheirodon, Odontostoechus, Othonocheirodus, Paracheirodon, Prionobrama, Pristella, Rhinobrycon, Rhinopetitia,
Thrissobrycon, Tyttobrycon), Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba & Flávio C. T. Lima (Triportheus), Naércio A. Menezes
(Bramocharax, Nematocharax, Oligosarcus), Osvaldo T. Oyakawa (Hemibrycon), Paulo A. Buckup (Astyanax, Bryconops,
Jupiaba, Oligobrycon), Ricardo Benine (Bario, Gymnocorymbus, Moenkhausia), Ricardo Benine & Lilian Cassati (Ctenobrycon, Psellogrammus), Richard P. Vari & Antony Harold (Creagrutus, Piabina), Roberto E. Reis (Attonitus, Paragoniates, Scissor, Stichonodon, Tucanoichthys), Vinicius A. Bertaco (Hollandichthys, Pseudochalceus), Zilda Margarete S.
Lucena & Carlos A. S. Lucena (Deuterodon).
APHYOCHARACIDIUM
Aphyocharacidium Géry, 1960b: 24. Type species: Odontostilbe
melandetus Eigenmann, 1912. Type by original designation.
Gender: neuter. See comments on relationships in Malabarba
(1998: 232).
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum Géry, 1973
locality: brook between upper rios Chaparé and Chimoré (or Ichilo), Tributaries of the rio Mamoré into rio Madeira), east of Todos Santos, Central Bolivia, approximately 16°47’S, 65°W. Holotype: Museum A. Koenig, uncat.
Maximum length: 2.75 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum Géry, 1973: 101, fig. 12. Type
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Odontostilbe melandetus Eigenmann, 1912b: 312, pl. 44, fig. 3.
Type locality: Guyana. Holotype: CM 1878 (missing from
FMNH).
Maximum length: 3.5 cm
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
masculine.
Evenichthys Whitley, 1935: 250. Type species: Tetragonopterus
fasslii Steindachner, 1915. Type by being a replacement name.
Gender: masculine. Replacement for Aequidens Steindachner,
1915, preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894.
Anoptichthys Hubbs & Innes, 1936: 3. Type species: Anoptichthys
jordani Hubbs & Innes, 1936. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
APHYODITE
Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1842)
Aphyodite Eigenmann, 1912b: 314. Type species: Aphyodite
grammica Eigenmann, 1912b. Type by original designation.
Gender: feminine. See comments on relationships in Malabarba
(1998: 230).
Tetragonopterus abramis Jenyns, 1842: 123, pl. 23 (figs. 1, 1a).
Type locality: Río Paraná, up to Rozario [Argentina]. No types
known.
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: La Plata basin; upper Amazon and
upper Meta River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Peru
Aphyocharacidium melandetum (Eigenmann, 1912)
Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, 1912
Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, 1912b: 314, pl. 44 (fig. 5). Type
locality: Konawaruk [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53408.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Astyanax alburnus (Hensel, 1870)
Astyanacinus Eigenmann, 1907: 769. Type species: Tetragonopterus moorii Boulenger, 1892. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. See Géry (1977: 415, 418).
Tetragonopterus alburnus Hensel, 1870: 85. Type locality: Rio
Cadea [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 7477.
Astyanax hasemani Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
1914: 10. Type locality: Porto Alegre
[Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56659 [ex CM 5476].
Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1944
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
ASTYANACINUS
Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1944: 1, fig. Type
locality: Rio do Couro, Veadeiros, estado de Goiaz [Tocantins
River basin, Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 4129.
Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000: 67, fig. 1. Type
locality: rio Grande, represa de Volta Grande, Miguelópolis, SP,
Brasil (aproximadamente 20°10’S-48°03’W). Holotype: MZUSP
18592.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanacinus moorii (Boulenger, 1892)
Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)
Tetragonopterus moorii Boulenger, 1892: 11, pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Chapala plateau [=Chapada dos Guimarães, upper Paraguay River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
1892.4.29.50-51 (2).
Maximum length: 7.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924
Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924: 41, pl. 9 (fig. 4). Type
locality: Rio Colorado, lower Bopi [Bolivia]. Syntypes: CAS
38955 (ex IU 17323) (16); ? MCZ 20826 (1), ? MCZ 21064 (1),
? MCZ 89559 (27), ? UMMZ 66510 (6).
Maximum length: 14 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
ASTYANAX
Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854: 26. Type species: Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Poecilurichthys Gill, 1858: 414, 417. Type species: Poecilurichthys brevoortii Gill, 1858. Type by subsequent designation by
Eigenmann (1910: 432). Gender: masculine.
Zygogaster Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type species: Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Aequidens Steindachner, 1915a: 34. Type species: Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915. Type by monotypy.
Gender: masculine. Preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann &
Bray, 1894, in fishes, replaced by Evenichthys Whitley, 1935.
Bertoniolus Fowler, 1918: 141. Type species: Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler, 1918. Type by original designation. Gender:
Tetragonopterus angustifrons Regan, 1908b: 172, pl. 26 (fig. 5).
Type locality: Mexico. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1857.7.31.9 (1).
Distribution: North America: Mexico (?).
Countries: Mexico
Astyanax anterior Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax anterior Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga
[Amazonas, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 89556 [ex MCZ 20768a],
designated by Eigenmann (1921: 247).
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999: 586, fig. 1. Type locality: Aragarças, Córrego Jaraguá, bacia do Rio Araguaia, GO
(aproximadamente 15°55’S-52°15’W). Holotype: MZUSP
18592.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax armandoi Lozano-Vilano & ContrerasBalderas, 1990
Astyanax armandoi Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1990:
97, figs. 2 (top), 3a. Type locality: Penjamo, near palenque,
Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 6380.
Distribution: North America: Chiapas, Mexico (?).
Countries: Mexico
Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1921: 256, pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1). Type locality: Rio
Paraguay and upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 3898796 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43, 10293]
(44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1), 39000 [ex
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286] (8, 9, 5, 2,
10, 1, 2); + CM 3274 and 3287 missing.
Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry, 1972b: 3. Type locality: Rio Paraguay and Upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS
38987-96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43,
10293] (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1),
39000 [ex IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286]
(8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); + CM 3274 and 3287 missing.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and lower Paraná River
basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba,
2001
Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Rio
Jequitinhonha [Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20905.
Maximum length: 10 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 28,
fig. 5. Type locality: Truando, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 1659
(missing).
Distribution: South America: Atratro River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Salmo bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758: 311. Type locality: America
Meridionali. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.34 (1), NRM 7236
(2).
Tetragonopterus maculatus Müller & Troschel, 1845: 14, pl. 3
(fig. 4). Type locality: Brasilia, Guiana et Surinam. Syntypes:
MSNG 9226 [ex ZMB] (2).
?Tetragonopterus gronovii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 143. Type locality: Surinam; rivières de La
Guyane. Syntypes: MNHN 4402 (1), 4414 (1), A.9810 (1),
A.9812 (2). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus linnaei Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 142. Type locality: Cayenne [French Guiana].
Holotype: MNHN A.9809. Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus wappi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 153. Type locality: Not listed in original description [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: MNHN 2636. Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau, 1855: 66, pl. 33 (fig. 3). Type
locality: Bahia [Brazil]. Provisional synonym.
?Poecilurichthys brevoortii Gill, 1858: 417. Type locality: [Island
of] Trinidad. Syntypes: USNM 1113 (2). Provisional synonym.
Tetragonopterus bartlettii Günther, 1866: 30. Type locality: Upper
Amazons. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.2.15.17-18 (2).
?Tetragonopterus orientalis Cope, 1870: 559. Type locality: Pará
[Brazil]. Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus bahiensis Steindachner, 1877: 571. Type locality: Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 57251-52 (2, 1). Provisional
synonym.
Astyanax bimaculatus borealis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Rio Magdalena and Cauca. Syntypes: 9 specimens, missing.
Astyanax bimaculatus novae Eigenmann, 1911b: 175, pl. 7 (fig. 2).
Type locality: Rio Sapon, Prazeres, Bahia [Brazil]. Lectotype:
FMNH 54641 [ex CM 3278, figured type].
Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914: 242, fig. 6. Type locality: Rupununi River, British Guiana, 2°-3°N, 50°20’W. Holotype: ANSP
39228 [or 39328].
Astyanax bimaculatus incaicus Tortonese, 1942: 62, pl. 3. Type
locality: Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3560.
Maximum length: 15 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Panama to the Amazon basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuardor, French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga
[Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89557 [ex MCZ 20768b].
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001: 228, fig.
9. Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, arroio
Água Branca (28°36’S 50°24’W). Holotype: MCP 26094.
Maximum length: 5.83 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay and Jacuí River
basins.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)
Tetragonopterus caucanus Steindachner, 1879: 189. Type locality:
Río Cauca, Colombia. Syntypes: ?NMW 57372-76 (2, 3, 2, 2, 2);
ZMUC 993 (1).
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943e: 3, fig. 2. Type locality: Todos
Santos, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69194.
Distribution: South America: Bolivia (?).
Countries: Bolivia
Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)
Tetragonopterus cordovae Günther, 1880: 12. Type locality: Río
de Cordova [Argentina]. Syntypes: BMNH 1872.4.4.4-11 (8).
Distribution: South America: Primero River in western Argentina.
Countries: Argentina
Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001
Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001: 224, fig. 2.
Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, tributary of rio Santa Cruz (29°23’S 50°32’W). Holotype:
MCP 26093.
Maximum length: 8.91 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Jacui and Maquiné River
basins.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913: 23. Type locality: Cordova
[Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56251 [ex CM 5052].
Maximum length: 4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Colombia (?).
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894)
Tetragonopterus eigenmanniorum Cope, 1894: 89, pl. 6 (fig. 8).
Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul [Restricted to Laguna dos Patos
system, Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Holotype: ANSP 21598.
Distribution: South America: Lower Paraná, Uruguay, and Laguna
dos Patos drainage.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Astyanax erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891)
Tetragonopterus erythropterus Holmberg, 1891: 189. Type locality: Rio de la Plata, Paraná; Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)
Chalceus fasciatus Cuvier, 1819: 352, pl. 26 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Brésil. Syntypes: MNHN A.9896 (2), A.8653 and 8654 (2).
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns, 1842: 125, pl. 23 (fig. 2). Type
locality: Rio Paraná, South America. Holotype: BMNH
1917.7.14.14.
?Tetragonopterus viejita Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 154. Type locality: Lagune de Maracaibo [Venezuela].
Syntypes: MNHN A.9820 (2, poor condition) Lake Maracaibo,
A.8656 (1, dry) Brazil. Provisional synonym.
Salmo lambari Kner, 1859: 176. Type locality: Irisanga [Brazil].
Holotype: 1 specimen 4” long.
Tetragonopterus aeneus Günther, 1860a: 319. Type locality: Fresh
waters of Oaxaca (Mexico). Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6.17.41-42
(2), 1907.4.10.3 (1).
?Tetragonopterus microphthalmus Günther, 1864: 324. Type
locality: Pacific coast of Guatemala; Lake of Amatitlan; Rio Rimac. Syntypes: 9 specimens, including BMNH 1864.1.26.349350 (2) Panama. Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus humilis Günther, 1864: 327. Type locality: Lake
Amatitlan [Guatemala]. Syntypes: 4 specimens, but Eschmeyer
reports BMNH 1865.4.29.45-50 (6). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus panamensis Günther, 1864: 324. Type locality:
Pacific coast of Panama. Holotype: 1 specimen, but Eschmeyer
lists syntypes as (4) BMNH 1864.1.26.415 (1), ZMB 6801 (2).
Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus finitimus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality:
environs d’Orizaba. Syntypes: MNHN 5223 (2). Provisional
synonym.
?Tetragonopterus cobanensis Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality:
Rivière de Coban, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4.10.2 [ex
MNHN] (1); MNHN 5219-5220 (19). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus belizianus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality:
environs de Belize. Syntypes: BMNH uncat. [ex MNHN] (1).
MNHN 5224 and 5225 (13). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus oaxacanensis Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality:
Oaxaca [Mexico]. Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax carolinae Gill, 1870: 92. Type locality: River Napo or
Maranon. Holotype: USNM 8225. Provisional synonym.
Tetragonopterus cuvieri Lütken, 1875a: 131. Type locality: in
fluminibus S. Francisco et Rio das Velhas cum affluentibus [Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 9581 (2); ZMB 9198 (2);
ZMUC 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 315, 328, 329, 363.
?Tetragonopterus orstedii Lütken, 1875b: 229. Type locality:
flumine R. S. Juan Americae centralis. Syntypes: ZMUC 947948 (2), 955-956 (2); ZMB 9197 (2). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae Steindachner, 1877: 693,
pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil. Syntypes:
NMW 57759-61 (5, 3, 6). Provisional synonym.
Astyanax albeolus Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality: Rio Machuca, Rio Siguires, Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6241.
?Tetragonopterus macrophthalmus Regan, 1908b: 171, pl. 26 (fig.
4). Type locality: Mexico, Motzorongo in Veracruz. Syntypes:
BMNH 1857.7.31.10 (1), 1905.12.6.19-22 (4), 1906.6.1.268 (1),
1906.6.1.269-278 (10?). Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax regani Meek, 1909: 207. Type locality: Las Cañas,
Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6257. Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax grandis Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 67. Type locality:
Río Juan Díaz, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7571. Provisional
synonym.
?Astyanax aeneus costaricensis Meek, 1914: 105. Type locality:
La Junta; Guapilis; Parismina; Costa Rica River; Cuba River;
Zent; La Victoria; Chitaria. Syntypes: FMNH 6349 (1), 7866-73
(5, 39, 15, 2, 6, 61, 49, 25); UMMZ 162475 (5). Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax heterurus Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann, Henn
& Wilson, 1914: 11. Type locality: Turando [=Truando] [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56577 [ex CM 5392]. Provisional
synonym.
?Astyanax fasciatus altior Hubbs, 1936: 176, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type
locality: roadside pool 3 km. south of Progreso [Yucatán, se.
Mexico]. Holotype: UMMZ 102144. Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax hanstroemi Dahl, 1943: 217, fig. Type locality: Río
Batatal, trib. to Río San Jorge, Magdalena system, Munic. of
Ayapel, Bolivar Dept., Colombia. Holotype: ZMUL. Provisional
synonym.
?Astyanax fasciatus orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 237, fig. 16. Type
locality: Florencia, Río Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
70498. Provisional synonym.
Maximum length: 10 cm TL
Distribution: North, Central and South America: Most freshwater
basins from Mexico to Argentina.
Countries: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Uruguay, Venezuela
Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)
Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915a: 48, pl. 4
fig.7. Type locality: Colombia. Holotype: NMW.
Distribution: South America: Western Colombia (?).
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax festae (Boulenger, 1898)
Tetragonopterus festae Boulenger, 1898: 2. Type locality: Rio
Vinces [Ecuador]. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.65-70 (6),
MSNG 34953 (1), MZUF 2698 (1), MZUT 1743 (1).
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann, 1913)
Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann, 1913: 23. Type locality: Apulo
[Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 62258 [ex IU 12847].
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943: 218, fig. Type locality: Río Aburrá,
trib. via Río Porce to R. Nechí, Magdalena system, Medellín,
Antióquia, Colombia, elev. ca. 1500 m. Syntypes: (13) ZMUL.
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax giton Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax giton Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality: Rio Parahyba
[Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 20936.
Maximum length: 8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin; coastal
streams of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Goyaz
[= Goiás, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89558.
Distribution: South America: Goiás State (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type locality: Obidos
and Villa Bella [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20716 (1), 20838 (1),
21012 (1).
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, 1911b: 176, pl. 7 (fig. 4). Type
locality: Maciel, Rio Guaporé [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54709
[ex CM 3351].
Distribution: South America: Guaporé River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann, 1909
Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 16. Type locality: Warraputa [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53518 [ex CM 1013].
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Guyana and Venezuela (?).
Countries: Guyana, Venezuela
Distribution: North America: Mexico (?).
Countries: Mexico
Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax (Astyanax) kennedyi Géry, 1964e: 28, fig. 3. Type locality: Upper Amazon region, surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype:
USNM 200425 [ex Géry coll. 399.1].
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911b: 179, pl. 9. Type locality: Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54707
[ex CM 3350].
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax hastatus Myers, 1928
Astyanax hastatus Myers, 1928: 87. Type locality: “The fishes
were said to have been collected in the vicinity of [Rio de Janeiro], but there is a possibility of their having come from any of a
number of places in south-eastern Brazil.” Holotype: USNM
92952.
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams in the vicinity of Rio
de Janeiro.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax integer Myers, 1930
Astyanax integer Myers, 1930: 67. Type locality: Guaicaramo, Rio
Guavio, Colombia. Holotype: SU 23726.
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax intermedius Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax scabripinnis intermedius Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type
locality: Rio Parahyba and Santa Clara [Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ
20684.
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin and
coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro State.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax jacuhiensis Cope, 1894
Tetragonopterus jacuhiensis Cope, 1894: 88, pl. 6 (fig. 6). Type
locality: Jacuhy [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Lectotype: ANSP
21912.
Maximum length: 11 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Jacui, Uruguay, and coastal river
drainages of southern Brazil
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938: 260, fig. 3. Type locality:
Laguna Gulnar or Grande, Volcán, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM 106510.
Distribution: Central America: Panama (?).
Countries: Panama
Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995
Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995: 258, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil:
Estado de Mato Grosso, stream tributary of rio Perdidos, rio das
Mortes drainage, close to the road BR-070, about 10 km W of
Primavera do Leste, 15°32’S, 54°18’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12427.
Maximum length: 8.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Das Mortes River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)
Tetragonopterus lacustris Lütken, 1875a: 131. Type locality: lacu
Lagoa Santa dicto nec non in rivulis nonnullis vicinis [Minas
Gerais, Brazil].
Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)
Tetragonopterus laticeps Cope, 1894: 89, pl. 6 (fig. 7). Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul [Restricted to Laguna dos Patos system,
Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Holotype: ANSP 21852.
Maximum length: 5.41 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Rio Grande do Sul State (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
Astyanax janeiroensis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Rio de
Janeiro [Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 21057.
Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988: 9, fig. 2.
Type locality: Saut Alicoto en amont de Camopi, Moyen Oyapok
[French Guiana]. Holotype: IRSNB 731.
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Approuage and Oyapock River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Astyanax jenynsii (Steindachner, 1877)
Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)
Tetragonopterus jenynsii Steindachner, 1877: 580, pl. 3 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Rio Parahyba [Brazil]. Syntypes: (7) NMW
57534-35 (3, 2).
Maximum length: 7.62 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia, 1891: 644. Type locality: Villa
María (Mato Grosso) Rio Paraguay, Brazil.
Distribution: South America: La Plata River drainage.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Astyanax janeiroensis Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax jordani (Hubbs & Innes, 1936)
Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs & Innes, 1936: 5, pl. 1. Type locality:
Subterranean stream in the forested mountain region of southeastern San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in a region southwest of Valles
drained by the Río Tampaón of the Río Panuco system. Holotype: UMMZ 113514.
Anoptichthys antrobius Alvarez, 1946: 278, figs. 16-23. Type
locality: Cueva de El Pachón [San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas,
Mexico]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Anoptichthys hubbsi Alvarez, 1947: 215, fig. 1. Type locality:
Cueva de los Sabinos [San Luis Potosí, Mexico]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)
Tetragonopterus longior Cope, 1878: 691. Type locality: Moyabamba [Peru]. Lectotype: ANSP 21222, designated by Fowler
(1906: 341).
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997: 220, fig. 1. Type
locality: Pontes e Lacerda (aproximadamente 15°12’S-59°22W),
MT, poça em córrego afluente do rio Guaporé (cerca de 7 km da
ponte), bacia do rio Madeira, bacia Amazônica [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 37680.
Distribution: South America: Upper Guaporé River basin.
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916
Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916: 89. Type locality: Girardot [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 57006 [ex CM 5822].
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Colombian rivers and the Catatumbo
River basin.
Countries: Colombia
ico]. Syntypes: ANSP 15598-608 (11), 32371-74 (4).
Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Distribution: North America: Originally restricted to the Nueces,
lower Rio Grande and the lower Pecos River drainages in Texas,
USA; now established elsewhere in Texas (primarily streams on
Edwards Plateau) and New Mexico, USA (throughout Pecos
River system); also in eastern and central Mexico.
Countries: Mexico, USA
Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, 1911b: 175, pl. 7 (fig. 3). Type
locality: Six miles from San Louiz de Caceres [Brazil]. Holotype:
FMNH 54711 [ex CM 3353].
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876)
Tetragonopterus maximus Steindachner, 1876a: 593, pl. 7. Type
locality: Tullumayo and Monterico, Peru. Syntypes: NMW
57662-63 (1, 2).
Tetragonopterus alosa Günther, 1876: 399. Type locality: Monterico, Peru. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.10.4.24-25 (2).
Astyanax metae Eigenmann in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
11. Type locality: Río Negro, Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457]. Provisional synonym.
Maximum length: 12.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Orinoco River
basins.
Countries: Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944: 228, fig. 2. Type locality: A
clear brook of Río Jurubidá, Nuquí, Colombia, elev. 3000 ft. Holotype: ANSP 71418.
Distribution: South America: Colombia (?).
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax metae Eigenmann, 1914
Astyanax metae Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
11. Type locality: Río Negro, Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457].
Maximum length: 16 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basins.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 116-117) for notes
on habitat preferences and natural history.
Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913: 24. Type locality: Piedra
Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56209 [ex CM 5001].
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type locality: Obidos,
and Silva, Lake Saraca [Brazil]. Syntypes: USNM 120244 [ex
MCZ 21064A = MCZ 89559] (6) Obidos.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax mutator Eigenmann, 1909
Astyanax mutator Eigenmann, 1909a: 18. Type locality: Savannah
Landing, Upper Potaro [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52688 [ex
CM 1023].
Distribution: South America: Guyana (?).
Countries: Guyana
Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Poecilurichthys myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 15, pl. 3 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Río Autana, Hoya del Orinoco, Estado Amazonas,
Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 48172.
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907
Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907: 108. Type locality: Lago Managua
at Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5909.
Distribution: Central America: Lake Managua basin.
Countries: Nicaragua
Astyanax nicaraguensis Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
Astyanax rutilus nicaraguensis Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 23.
Type locality: Nicaragua. Holotype: USNM 55653.
Distribution: Central America: Nicaragua (?).
Countries: Nicaragua
Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853)
Astyanax obscurus (Hensel, 1870)
Tetragonopterus mexicanus De Filippi, 1853: 166. Type locality:
Mexique [=Mexico]. Syntypes: MZUT 159 (3), ZMUC 941-942
(2).
Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854: 27. Type locality:
Upper tributaries of Rio Nueces. Syntypes: BMNH
1883.12.14.107 [ex USNM] (1), MCZ 858 [ex USNM] (3),
USNM 869 (28).
?Tetragonopterus petenensis Günther, 1864: 326. Type locality:
Lake Peten [Petén Itza, Guatemala]; Western Ecuador. Syntypes:
BMNH, 3 (Lake Peten); 1 (West Ecuador). Provisional synonym.
Tetragonopterus brevimanus Günther, 1864: 325. Type locality:
Yzabal; Rio S. Geronimo; Guatemala. Syntypes: 8 specimens,
including
BMNH
1861.8.12.20-21
(2)
Guatemala,
?1864.1.24.177 (1) Rio S. Geronimao, 1864.1.26.388 (1) Yzabal;
MRAC 7057 (1).
Tetragonopterus fulgens Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Province of Cuernovaca [Mexico]. Syntypes: MNHN 5194 (2).
?Tetragonopterus nitidus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Tasco.
Syntypes: MNHN 5191 (3). Provisional synonym.
Tetragonopterus streetsii Cope, 1872a: 217. Type locality: Headwaters of the Coatzacoalcos River among the Cordilleras [Mex-
Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel, 1870: 87. Type locality: Porto
Alegre [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].
Tetragonopterus obscurus Hensel, 1870: 86. Type locality: Rio
Cadea oberhalb des grossen Wasserfalles [Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil]. Syntypes: ZMB 7478 (3).
Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos drainage.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000
Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000: 246, fig. 1. Type
locality: Argentina, province of Misiones, arroyo Benítez, headwaters of río Yaboty, an affluent of río Uruguay. Holotype: MLP
9470.
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Astyanax orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850)
Tetragonopterus orbignyanus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 147. Type locality: La Plata [and presumably other localities in Argentina, where d’Orbigny obtained specimens,
Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN 4530 (1, poor condition), A.9816-
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
18 (2, 1, 1).
Distribution: South America: Lower La Plata River basin.
Countries: Argentina
9199 (4), ZMUC (49).
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912
Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 27.
Type locality: Truando, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 55655.
Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912: 69. Type locality: Virginia, Costa
Rica. Holotype: FMNH 7682.
Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica (?).
Countries: Costa Rica
Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918)
Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913
Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler, 1918: 141, fig. Type locality:
Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 47686.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913: 25. Type locality: Istmina
[Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56122 [ex CM 4912].
Distribution: Central and South America: Panama and Colombia
(?).
Countries: Colombia, Panama
Astyanax parahybae (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax fasciatus parahybae Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality:
Rio Parahyba, Mendez, Miriahe, and Taubaté [Brazil – restricted
to Paraíba do Sul River between Barra do Piraí and Três Rios
(along the old Dom Pedro II Emperor’s road)]. Lectotype: MCZ
20685.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin and
coastal streams of Rio de janeiro State.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914
Astyanax scabripinnis paranae Eigenmann, 1914: 47. Type locality: Parana [Castro, Estado do Paraná according to Garutti &
Britski, 2000: 81], Brazil. Holotype: CAS 22555 [ex IU 11631].
Distribution: South America: Southern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911b: 177, pl. 8 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Rio Paranahyba [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54714 [ex
CM 3356].
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta,
2002
Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta, 2002: 1052, fig.
1. Type locality: Argentina, province of Misiones, río Uruguay
basin, headwater of arroyo Yabotí-Guazú, arroyo Fortaleza
(26°45’S, 54°10’W). Holotype: MLP 9584.
Maximum length: 8.58 mm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin in Misiones Province.
Countries: Argentina
Astyanax poetzschkei Ahl, 1932
Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) poetzschkei Ahl, 1932: 124, fig. Type
locality: Amazon R. Holotype: ZMB 20826.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries:
Astyanax ribeirae Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax ribeirae Eigenmann, 1911b: 177, pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type
locality: Xiririca [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54725 [ex CM
3368].
Maximum length: 8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Southeastern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax rivularis (Lütken, 1875)
Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken, 1875a: 132. Type locality:
flumine Rio d. Velhas cum affluentibus [Minas Gerais, Brazil].
Syntypes: MNHN 9582 [ex ZUMC] (4), NMW 57707 (5), ZMB
Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960b: 17, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Cachimbo, abaixo do salto, Estado do Pará [Brazil]. Holotype:
MNRJ 9199.
Distribution: South America: Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)
Tetragonopterus scabripinnis Jenyns, 1842: 125, pl. 23 (figs. 3,
3a). Type locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: BMNH
1917.7.14.15.
Maximum length: 6.86 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Rio de Janeiro State (?).
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964
Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964: 214, fig. Type locality: rio Mogi
Guassu em Emas, São Paulo, à jusante da barragem [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 4263.
Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928
Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928: 88. Type locality: Playa Matepalma, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Syntypes: CAS 39493 [ex IU
uncat.] (2).
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)
Tetragonopterus stilbe Cope, 1870: 559. Type locality: Para [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 8085.
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon and Atrato River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia
Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942
Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942: 92, fig. 2. Type locality: small
brook tributary to the Rio Tamanaco (a tributary of the Rio Paye;
Rio Portuguesa drainage) at Camoruco, 20 km. northeast of San
Carlos, Venezuela. Holotype: SU 36489.
Distribution: South America: Portuguesa River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20768.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns, 1842)
Tetragonopterus taeniatus Jenyns, 1842: 126. Type locality: running brook at Socego, in the province of Rio de Janeiro [Brazil].
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Syntypes: Cambridge University Museum V. 329(2).
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River drainage and
coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo States.
Countries: Brazil
ATTONITUS
Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy, 1970
Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega, 2000
Astyanax (Astyanax) trierythropterus Godoy, 1970: 276, figs. 1-4.
Type locality: Rio Mogi Guassu, Cachoeira de Emas, a juzante
da barragem [São Paulo State, Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP 706, Coleção 8.22, possibly lost.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998: 116, fig. 1. Type locality:
Brasil, Goiás: Iaciara, Ribeirão Macambira (aproximadamente
14°08’S-46°37’W), junto à ponte na rodovia GO-112. Holotype:
MZUSP 40542.
Distribution: South America: Paranã River basin in upper Tocantins River drainage.
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991: 46, pl. 15 (fig.
1). Type locality: Rivière Comté, Crique Blache [French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2435.77.
Maximum length: 15 cm TL
Distribution: South America: French Guiana (?).
Countries: French Guiana
Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944
Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944: 359, fig. 54. Type locality:
Río Torbes, 1 km above Táriba, Orinoco system [Venezuela].
Holotype: USNM 121449.
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Venezuela (?).
Countries: Venezuela
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999: 200, fig.1. Type locality:
Rio Pacal, Rio Pachitea basin, Departamento Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 22400.
Maximum length: 11.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Ucayali, Beni, and Mamoré River
basins.
Countries: Bolivia, Peru
Species inquirendae
Astyanax depressirostris Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: unnum. p. Type
locality: Ribeira [Ribeira River, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lectotype:
MNRJ 18241. [Lectotype designated by Miranda Ribeiro (1953:
396) as MNRJ 2621A, subsequently isolated and catalogued as
MNRJ 18241; MNRJ 2621 are paralectotypes].
Tetragonopterus paucidens Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality: Itaituba [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Attonitus Vari & Ortega, 2000: 114. Type species: Attonitus irisae
Vari & Ortega, 2000. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega, 2000: 123, fig. 2. Type locality:
Peru, Departamento de Puno, Provincia Carabaya, Zona Reservada Tambopata Candamo, Río Candamo (13°24’S 70°01’W).
Holotype: MUSM 11840.
Maximum length: 5.67 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River basin.
Countries: Peru
Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega, 2000
Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega, 2000: 129, fig. 4. Type locality: Peru, Departamento de Cusco, Provincia La Convencion, Río
Urubamba basin, Río Picha, Puerto Huallana, Quebrada Mapichiriato (11°50’S 73°20’W). Holotype: MUSM 11501.
Maximum length: 4.97 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in the
Ucayali River basin.
Countries: Peru
Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega, 2000
Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega, 2000: 133, fig. 5. Type locality:
Peru, Departamento de Huanuco, Provincia Pachitea, mouth of
Río Huambo, where it empties into Río Pachitea (approximately
9°39’S 74°56’W). Holotype: MUSM 10759.
Maximum length: 4.62 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in the
Ucayali River basin.
Countries: Peru
AULIXIDENS
Aulixidens Böhlke, 1952: 775. Type species: Aulixidens eugeniae
Böhlke, 1952. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 232).
Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke, 1952
Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke, 1952: 775. Type locality: mouth of
the Rio Curamoni (or Curamuni, as Ternetz notes his Indians
pronounced it), Canal de Casiquiare, Venezuela, approximately
2°38’North Latitude, 66°12’ West Longitude. Holotype: CAS
16940.
Maximum length: 4.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
AXELRODIA
Axelrodia Géry, 1965c: 31. Type species: Axelrodia fowleri Géry,
1965. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine. See Géry
(1965c, 1966, 1973) for species descriptions and discussion on
the genus.
ATOPOMESUS
Axelrodia lindeae Géry, 1973
Atopomesus Myers, 1927: 112. Type species: Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 231).
Axelrodia lindeae Géry, 1973: 111, figs. 18-19. Type locality: rio
Curuçamba, about 9 km of Obidos (3 km from the Obidosairport), lower Amazon basin [Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG
2229.08.
Maximum length: 2.06 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Curuçamba River on the lower Amazon basin, and middle Madeira River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927: 112. Type locality: Brazil:
Cucuhy, Rio Negro, on the Colombian border. Holotype: CAS
41736.
Maximum length: 4.3 cm
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Axelrodia riesei Géry, 1966
Axelrodia riesei Géry, 1966a: 112, fig. 4. Type locality: Upper Rio
Méta basin, east of Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: USNM
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207923.
Maximum length: 1.67 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River.
Countries: Colombia
Bramocharax baileyi Rosen, 1972: 4, fig. 3. Type locality: Río San
Simon, 6 km. due west of Chiséc, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Holotype: AMNH 30197.
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Usumacinta River basin.
Countries: Guatemala
Axelrodia stigmatias (Fowler, 1913)
Hyphessobrycon stigmatias Fowler, 1913: 547, fig. 14. Type locality: Tributary of the Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39231.
Axelrodia fowleri Géry, 1965c: 33, pl. 4 (fig. 14). Type locality:
environs de Iquitos, Haute Amazonie [Peru]. Holotype: SMF
7212.
Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Brazil
and Peru and middle Madeira River in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1966a: 112) for the synonym.
BARIO
Entomolepis Eigenmann, 1917: 63. Type species: Tetragonopterus
steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893. Type by original designation.
Gender: feminine. Preoccupied by Entomolepis Brady, 1889, in
Crustacea; replaced by Bario Myers, 1940.
Bario Myers, 1940: 35. Type species: Tetragonopterus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893. Type by being a replacement name.
Gender: masculine. Replacement for Entomolepis Eigenmann,
1917, preoccupied by Entomolepis Brady, 1889, in Crustacea.
Bario steindachneri (Eigenmann, 1893)
Tetragonopterus lineatus Steindachner, 1891a: 173. Type locality:
Iquitos [Peru]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in
Steindachner (1891b: 368, pl. 2, fig. 1). Permanently invalid,
preoccupied by Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia, 1891, replaced
by Tetragonopterus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893.
Tetragonopterus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893: 53. Type locality: Iquitos [Peru]. Replacement name for Tetragonopterus lineatus Steindachner, 1891, preoccupied by Tetragonopterus lineatus
Perugia, 1891.
Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 63) for description.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
BOEHLKEA
Boehlkea Géry, 1966c: 212. Type species: Boehlkea fredcochui
Géry, 1966c. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Boehlkea fredcochui Géry, 1966
Boehlkea fredcochui Géry, 1966c: 212, fig. 5. Type locality:
brooks near Loreto Yacu, on the Colombian side of the Upper
Amazon, about 45 miles west of Leticia [Colombia - Aquarium
import]. Holotype: ANSP 111675 [ex Géry coll. 0124.1].
Maximum length: 4.12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia
BRAMOCHARAX
Bramocharax Gill in Gill & Bransford, 1877: 189. Type species:
Bramocharax bransfordii Gill, 1877. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Catemaco Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1985: 9. Type
species: Bramocharax (Catemaco) caballeroi Contreras-Balderas
& Rivera-Teillery, 1985. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Bramocharax baileyi Rosen, 1972
Bramocharax bransfordii Gill, 1877
Bramocharax Bransfordii Gill, in Gill & Bransford, 1877: 190.
Type locality: Lake Nicaragua [Nicarágua]. Syntypes: USNM
16885 (3).
Bramocharax elongatus Meek, 1907: 110. Type locality: Lake
Managua, Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5922.
Maximum length: 15 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Nicaragua Lake and Managua Lake
basins.
Countries: Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Remarks and references: See Rosen (1972) for relationships of
species.
Common names: Sabalito (Nicaragua)
Bramocharax caballeroi Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1985
Bramocharax (Catemaco) caballeroi Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1985: 10, fig. 1. Type locality: NW del Lago Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 5681.
Maximum length: 13.8 cm SL
Distribution: North America: Catemaco Lake basin.
Countries: Mexico
Remarks and references: See Contreras-Balderas & Rivera Teillery
(1985) for detailed description.
Bramocharax dorioni Rosen, 1970
Bramocharax bransfordi dorioni Rosen, 1970: 3, fig. 2. Type
locality: Río Semococh, tributary to the Río Chajmaic, a headwater source of the Río de la Pasión (Río Usumacinta Basin) 15 km
by road south of Sebol, Alta Varapaz, Guatemala. Holotype:
AMNH 29411.
Maximum length: 19.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Usumacinta River basin.
Countries: Guatemala
BRITTANICHTHYS
Brittanichthys Géry, 1965a: 13. Type species: Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, 1965. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 232).
Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, 1965
Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, 1965a: 22, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Negro basin (Brazil), Praio (= beach) Bulufu on the Rio Itu; the
collecting place is about 80 km. upstream from the meeting with
the Rio Negro, Lat. about 0°-30’S., Long. about 63°-30’W. Holotype: USNM 198132.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Brittanichthys myersi Géry, 1965
Brittanichthys myersi Géry, 1965a: 62, fig. 5. Type locality: Rio
Negro, Brazil, unnamed inlet on shore, at about 13 km. west of
junction with the Amazon, 10 km. of Manaus; Lat. about 3°10’S,
Long. about 59°55’W. Holotype: USNM 198131.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
BRYCONACIDNUS
Bryconacidnus Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 545. Type
species: Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson, 1924. Type by original
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designation. Gender: masculine.
Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson, 1924)
Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson, 1924: 39, pl. 10 (fig. 2). Type
locality: Espia [...at the junction of the Miguilla and La Paz rivers, Bolivia]. Syntypes: (55) CAS 47167 [ex IU 17343] (37), SU
24660 [ex IU 17343] (3), UMMZ 66505 (14), USNM 117544 [ex
UMMZ 66505, orig. IU 17343] (1). Plus additional material.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972a: 62) for detailed description. Possibly synonym of Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler,
1945, according to Géry (1977: 398).
Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson, 1924)
Bryconamericus hemigrammus Pearson, 1924: 44. Type locality:
Popoi River, Upper Beni [Bolivia]. Syntypes: CAS 39616 [ex IU
17353].
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977) for photograph.
Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson, 1929)
Hemigrammus paipayensis Pearson, in Eigenmann & Myers,
1929: 533. Type locality: Paipay, Rio Crisnejas [Andes of Northern Peru]. Syntypes: CAS 44467 [ex IU 17643] (now 1).
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
BRYCONAMERICUS
Bryconamericus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward,
1907: 139. Type species: Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann,
1907. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Eretmobrycon Fink, 1976: 332. Type species: Eretmobrycon
bayano Fink, 1976. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2001
Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2001: 276, fig. 1.
Type locality: Argentina, Missiones, Municipio Libertador General San Martin, arroio Tabay (55°10’W – 27°00’S), Paraná basin. Holotype: FML 3700.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann, 1927
Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann, 1927: 394, pl. 99 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba [Peru]. Holotype: MCZ
31564 [MCZ 30982 also listed as holotype in MCZ catalog].
Maximum length: 6.6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
1914: 7. Type locality: Villavicencio, Oriente, Colombia [Orinoco River system]. Holotype: FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463].
Maximum length: 7.6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Bryconamericus bayano (Fink, 1976)
Eretmobrycon bayano Fink, 1976: 334, figs. 2-4. Type locality:
Panama, Bayano river basin, pool in small stream about 19 Km
along road from El Llano to Carti, about 0.5 Km downstream
from the road. Holotype: USNM 213842.
Maximum length: 5.7 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Upper Bayano River basin.
Countries: Panama
Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
1914: 7. Type locality: Villavicencio [Orinoco system, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56648 [ex CM 5465a].
Maximum length: 7.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 137-139) for notes
on the species.
Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson, 1924
Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson, 1924: 43, pl. 10 (fig. 4). Type
locality: Río Colorado, Lower Bopi [Bolivia]. Syntypes: (9) CAS
39506 [ex IU 17349] (1), CAS 39507 [ex IU 17349] (4),
?UMMZ 66513 (3). Additional original material: CAS 39508 [ex
IU 17350] (2) & CAS 39509 [ex IU 17351] (now 5).
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Beni River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Bryconamericus brevirostris (Günther, 1860)
Chalceus brevirostris Günther, 1860b: 420. Type locality: Western
Andes of Ecuador. Holotype: BMNH 1860.6.16.166 or 196.
Maximum length: 9.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Pacific coastal drainages of Ecuador
and Peru.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958: 13-14) for comments
on the species.
Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913
Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913: 17. Type locality:
Piedra Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56229 [ex CM
5031a].
Maximum length: 8.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Román-Valencia & Muñoz (2001)
for observations on diet and reproduction.
Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Wilson, 1914: 4. Type locality: Villavicencio [Orinoco River
system, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459].
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Bryconamericus cristiani Román-Valencia, 1998
Bryconamericus cristiani Román-Valencia, 1998: 110, fig. 1. Type
locality: Colombia, departamento del Meta, en la vía Villavicencio-Acacías, vereda Brisas de Guayuriba, cerca de la escuela cruzando el puente sobre el río Guayuriba, caño Cayupe, afluente
del río Guayuriba, Alto Meta (4o 7’ N y 74 15’ W). Holotype:
ICNMNH 3445.
Maximum length: 6.86 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus dahli Román-Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus dahli Román-Valencia, 2000: 451, fig. 1. Type
locality: Colombia, Departamento de Nariño, sistema del río Patia, cuenca del río Telembi, Quebrada Babosa afluente do río
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Sabune, em la vía a Tucmaco km. 98, a dos km de la margen
derecha (aprox. 78° 23’ W y los 1° 37’ N). Holotype: ICNMNH
2722.
Maximum length: 7.983 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Patia and Mira River basins.
Countries: Colombia
Atrato and Pacific coastal drainages of Colombia
Countries: Colombia, Panama
Remarks and references: See Kramer (1978) for observations on
reproduction, diet and preferred microhabitat. Synonymy according to Román-Valencia (2002).
Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee &
Ward, 1907: 139. Type locality: Puerto Max [Paraguay]. Holotype: IU 10298a (lost).
Maximum length: 5.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, in Eigenmann,
Henn & Wilson, 1914: 5. Type locality: Rio Negro, Quebrada at
Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56644 [ex CM
5461].
Bryconamericus deuteronoides euryodous Schultz, 1944: 344, fig.
51. Type locality: Río Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro, Estado de Aragua, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121437.
Bryconamericus deuteronoides caudovittatus Inger, 1956: 435.
Type locality: Rio Abácapa on the west side of Chimantá-tepui
[Venezuela]. Holotype: FMNH 45706.
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Maracaibo Lake
basins.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 140-142) for notes
on taxonomy and ecology, and Flecker et al. (1991) for notes on
reproduction.
Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope, 1878)
Tetragonopterus diaphanus Cope, 1878: 691. Type locality: Río
Huallaga at Moyabamba, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21216, designated by Fowler (1906: 339, fig. 27).
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall,
1906)
Astyanax eigenmanni Evermann & Kendall, 1906: 83, fig. 1. Type
locality: Rio Primero, Province of Cordoba [Argentina]. Holotype: USNM 55570.
Maximum length: 6.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Primero River, tributary to Laguna
Mar Chiquita.
Countries: Argentina
Remarks and references: Redescribed by Miquelarena & Aquino
(1999).
Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle,
1907)
Astyanax emperador Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 26. Type locality:
Empire Station, Panama. Holotype: USNM 55651.
Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann, 1913: 15. Type locality:
Boca de Raspadura [Colombia]. Holotype: CM 5088 (missing).
Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann, 1913: 16. Type locality:
Istmina, Rio San Juan [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56224 [ex.
C.M. 5026].
Bryconamericus juanensis Regan, 1913: 464. Type locality:
Southweastern Colombia. Holotype: ?.
Bryconamericus rubricauda Regan, 1913: 464. Type locality: Río
Condoto, Colombia. Holotype: ?.
Bryconamericus cascajalensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916: 284, pl.
19. Type locality: Rio Cascajal, Porto Bello, Panama. Holotype:
FMNH 8946.
Bryconamericus baudoensis Fowler, 1944: 231, figs. 3-4. Type
locality: Río Baudó, Chocó Prov., Colombia, elev. 1200 ft. Holotype: ANSP 71425.
Maximum length: 10.4 cm SL
Distribution: South and Central America: Chagres, Tuira, Bayano,
and Santa María River basins in Panamá and Baudó, San Juan,
Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, 1907
Bryconamericus galvisi Román-Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus galvisi Román-Valencia, 2000: 457, fig. 5. Type
locality: Colombia, Departamento del Putumayo, municipio de
Sibundoy, cuenca del Alto Río Putumayo, Valle Sibundoy
(aprox. 77°23’ W y los 5°00’ N) [76°53’W - 1°10’N, bearings of
Sibundoy city]. Holotype: ICNMNH 2720.
Maximum length: 7.63 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Putumayo River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus gonzalezi Román-Valencia, 2002
Bryconamericus gonzalezoi Román-Valencia, 2002: 180, fig. 2.
Type locality: río Bongie (9°21’35”N y los 82°36’35”W) [Panama]. Holotype: IUQ 377.
Maximum length: 7.38 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Sixaola, Cañaza, and Bongie River
basins, in the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Panama.
Countries: Costa Rica, Panama
Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann, 1927
Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann, 1927: 365, pl. 99 (fig. 2).
Type locality: Rio Comberciato [Urubamba River basin, Peru].
Holotype: MCZ 31562.
Maximum length: 7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Bryconamericus scopiferus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn, in
Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 7. Type locality: Patia at the
mouth of Rio Guaitara [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56657 (ex
CM 5474).
Maximum length: 8.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Patía River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann, 1909
Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann, 1909a: 32. Type locality:
Tumatumari, Lower Potaro [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52708
[ex CM 1070].
Maximum length: 3.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Bryconamericus icelus Dahl, 1964
Bryconamericus icelus Dahl, in Dahl & Medem, 1964: 70. Type
locality: Quebrada Guamural, tributary of Río Manso del Sinú,
Colombia. Holotype: possibly lost.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Sinú River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia, 2000: 455, fig. 3.
Type locality: Colombia, Departamento del Chocó, municipio de
San Francisco de Ichó, Alto Atrato, Quebrada Chaparraidó, aflu-
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ente del río Ichó em la vía Tutunendo-San Francisco de Ichó
(aprox. 76°38’ W y los 5°38’ N). Holotype: ICNMNH 2718.
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887)
Tetragonopterus iheringii Boulenger, 1887b: 172. Type locality:
San Lorenzo, Rio Grande do Sul [Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São
Lourenço do Sul]. Lectotype: BMNH 1886.3.15.30, designated
by Malabarba & Kindel (1995: 679).
Tetragonopterus pliodus Cope, 1894: 90, pl. 5 (fig. 5). Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul [restricted to Laguna dos Patos system,
Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Lectotype: ANSP 21578, designated by Fowler (1906: 347).
Bryconamericus boops Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Maldonado [Uruguay]. Holotype: MCZ 20700. Deformed specimen of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887) (Malabarba
& Kindel 1995: 684).
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos and Uruguay River
basin.
Countries: Brazil, Uruguay
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel, 1995
Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel, 1995: 680, fig. 1.
Type locality: Small creek flowing into arroio Feitoria, under
bridge of avenida Ipiranga, município de Dois Irmãos, Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil, 51°07’S, 29°36’W [actually 29°36’S,
51°07’W]. Holotype: MCP 15448.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Feitoria Creek and tributaries in Caí
River basin, Laguna dos Patos drainage.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus loisae Géry, 1964
Bryconamericus loisae Géry, 1964c: 46, fig. 12. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198645.
Maximum length: 7.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus megalepis Fowler, 1941
Bryconamericus megalepis Fowler, 1941: 188, fig. 98. Type locality: Fortaleza, Ceará [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69602.
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of northeastern
Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Apparently a Cheirodontinae (H.A.
Britski, pers. comm.)
Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino,
Filiberto & López, 2002
Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino, Filiberto &
López, 2002: 71, fig. 1. Type locality: Cuña-Pirú creek (27°10’S54°57’W), Departamento Cainguás, Misiones province, Argentina. Holotype: ILPLA 1251.
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tributaries of the lower Paraná River
in Misiones Province.
Countries: Argentina
Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro,
1908)
Astyanax microcephalus Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: [3]. Type locality: Rio Bethary [Betari River, tributary of Ribeira de Iguape Riv-
er, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lectotype: MNRJ 2576A, designated by
Miranda Ribeiro (1953: 396) [but perhaps specimen not isolated]; same specimen also selected by Bizerril & Peres-Neto
(1995: 15).
Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Redescribed by Bizeeril & Peres-Neto
(1995).
Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945
Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945b: 99, fig. 4. Type locality: Ricaurte on the Rio Guebo at 3900 feet elevation, in basin of
Rio Mira, Nariño, Pacific Slope of Southwest Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71686.
Maximum length: 9.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Mira River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus motatanensis Schultz, 1944
Bryconamericus beta motatanensis Schultz, 1944: 341, fig. 50.
Type locality: Río San Juan at bridge south of Mene Grande,
Motatán system [Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121477.
Maximum length: 4.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960
Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960a: 471, fig. Type locality: small brook in front of the village Riosucio, lower Atrato [Colombia]. Holotype: ICNMHN 82.
Maximum length: 2.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 234. Type
locality: Below Cachoeira da Velha near Piabana, Rio Novo of
Rio Tocantins, Lower Amazon basin [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH
54905 [ex CM 3568a].
Maximum length: 5.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Peres-Neto,
1995
Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Peres-Neto, 1995: 18, fig.
3. Type locality: Rio Macacu, city of Cachoeira de Macacu, State
of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12310.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Macacu River basin in Rio de Janeiro State.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen, 1942
Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen, 1942: 225, pl. 14
(fig. 6). Type locality: Moyobamba [Huallaga River basin, Upper
Amazon, Peru]. Holotype: CAS 40828 [ex IU 15915].
Maximum length: 6.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927
Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927: 376, pl. 99 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Santa Ana, Río Urubamba [Peru]. Holotype: MCZ
31563.
Maximum length: 7.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin and the
Urubamba River.
Countries: Peru
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Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert, 1990
Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert, 1990: 517, figs. 1-5.
Type locality: Peru, Departamento Madre de Dios, Provincia
Manú, Parque Nacional de Manú, second large quebrada along
Trail 1 leading to the east from Pakitza, tributary of Río Manú
(approx. 11°50’S, 71°21’W). Holotype: MHN-USM 2057.
Maximum length: 3.48 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Peru.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus peruanus (Müller & Troschel, 1845)
Tetragonopterus peruanus Müller & Troschel, 1845: 28, pl. 8 (fig.
1). Type locality: Peru [Near Lima]. Syntypes: ZMB 3591-92 (2,
1).
Maximum length: 9.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin; Guayas, Esmeraldas, and Santiago River basins.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958) for an extensive discussion about this species.
Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope, 1872)
Tetragonopterus phoenicopterus Cope, 1872b: 261. Type locality:
[Ambyiacu River, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8093.
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconamericus plutarcoi Román-Valencia, 2001
MZUT 1527 (many).
Maximum length: 8.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908
Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Piracicaba and Uruguay River, restricted by Eigenmann (1927:
370) to Piracicaba [upper Paraná basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lectotype: CAS 40833 [ex IU 11519], designated by Eigenmann
(1927).
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: La Plata and São Francisco River
basins.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Remarks and references: See Casatti & Castro (1998) for notes on
natural history.
Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga, 1998
Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga, 1998: 22, fig. 1. Type locality:
Argentina, Provincia de Misiones, Departamento Gral, Manuel
Belgrano, arroyo Central (em proximidades RN 101, aproximadamente 25°50’LS, 54°10’LO), tributario del río Urugua-i, afluente del río Paraná. Holotype: MACN 8072.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraujo, 1992
Bryconamericus plutarcoi Román-Valencia, 2001: 470, fig. 1.
Type locality: Colombia, Departamento de Santander, quebrada
Santa Rosa, cuenca del río Suárez, sistema río Magdalena
(6°26’09’’ N & 73°18’56’’ O). Holotype: ICMNH 4886.
Maximum length: 6.94 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Suarez River in the Magdalena River drainage.
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraujo, 1992: 65, fig. 1. Type
locality: Etat de Rio de Janeiro, rio São João, Ville de Silva Jardim [Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 12230.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São João River basin in Rio de Janeiro State.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg, 1901)
Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers, 1928
Tetragonopterus rubropictus Berg, 1901: 305. Type locality: Río
Molinos, Territorio de los Andes (República Argentina), como á
3000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Syntypes: MACN (8 specimens).
Distribution: South America: Pasaje-Juramento River basin in
Paraná River drainage.
Countries: Argentina
Remarks and references: Transferred from Astyanax and redescribed by Braga (2000).
Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers, 1928: 89. Type locality: Camanáos Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 44216 [ex
IU].
Maximum length: 5.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Ilustration of the holotype in Géry (1977:
386).
Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908)
Bryconamericus terrabensis Meek, 1914: 108. Type locality: Rio
Grande de Térraba, Costa Rica. No types known.
Maximum length: 9.0 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica (?).
Countries: Costa Rica
Remarks and references: See notes on the species by Bussing
(1987).
Tetragonopterus scleroparius Regan, 1908a: 455. Type locality:
Rio Iroquois [Eastern slope of Costa Rica]. Syntypes: (11)
BMNH 1909.3.13.30-39 (10). Additional material: BMNH (5) w.
Ecuador, (2) Panama.
Bryconamericus peruanus ricae Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type
locality: Chitaria, Costa Rica [tributary of Revintazon River, Atlantic Slope]. Lectotype: FMNH 59523, designated by Grey
(1947: 127).
Maximum length: 9.5 cm TL
Distribution: Central and South America: Coastal rivers in Costa
Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
Countries: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama
Remarks and references: See notes on the species by Bussing
(1987).
Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger, 1898)
Tetragonopterus simus Boulenger, 1898: 2. Type locality: vallée
du Chota, Nord de l’Equateur. [Pacific slope north of Ecuador].
Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.71-73 (3), MSNG 35974 (3),
Bryconamericus terrabensis Meek, 1914
Bryconamericus thomasi Fowler, 1940
Bryconamericus thomasi Fowler, 1940: 49, fig. 3. Type locality:
Rio Lipeo, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 68740.
Maximum length: 7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia
Remarks and references: Redescribed by Miquelarena & Aquino
(1995).
Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta &
Almirón, 2002
Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2002:
156. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Municipio Leandro N.
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Alen, arroyo Once Vueltas (27°38’S – 55°12’W), Uruguay basin.
Holotype: MLP 9568
Maximum length: 5.34 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand, 1938
Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand, 1938: 265, fig. 4. Type locality: A creek in El Valle, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM
106511.
Maximum length: 8.8 cm TL
Distribution: Central America: Panama (?).
Countries: Panama
BRYCONELLA
Bryconella Géry, 1965c: 27. Type species: Bryconella haraldi
Géry, 1965. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
Cheirodon pallidifrons Fowler, 1946: 1, fig. Type locality: South
American, supposedly from the Amazon R. Holotype: ANSP
71728.
Hyphessobrycon thompsoni Fowler, 1949b: 73, fig. Type locality:
Aquarium fish; supposed to be South America, probably Brazil.
Holotype: ANSP 71849.
Bryconella haraldi Géry, 1965c: 28, pl. 4 (fig. 13). Type locality:
Igarapé Préto, collateral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem,
à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia [Brazil]. Holotype: SMF
7220.
Maximum length: 2.32 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972b) for a comparison
among the three nominal species.
Common names: Mojarrita (Peru)
BRYCONEXODON
Bryconexodon Géry, 1980b: 2. Type species: Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980
Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980b: 2, fig. 1. Type locality: Haut
rio Juruena, affluent du rio Tapajoz, Mato Grosso, Brésil, au voisinage de la route Cuiaba-Porto Velho. Holotype: MZUSP
14638.
Maximum length: 12.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu, Santos & Ferreira,
1991
Gender: masculine.
Autanichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 11. Type species: Autanichthys giacopinii Fernández-Yépez, 1950. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Bryconops affinis (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus affinis Günther, 1864: 329. Type locality: Guyana. Holotype: BMNH 1969.12.13. 1.
Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
Shield.
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858
Bryconops lucidus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio Branco
[Amazon system, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 62847.
Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio Guaporé [Madeira River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 5994 (1),
16170 (1, dry), 62843-45 (2, 2, 2).
Maximum length: over 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Bryconops caudomaculatus (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus caudomaculatus Günther, 1864: 330. Type locality: South America. Holotype: BMNH 1852.9.13.74.
Maximum length: 7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
Shield, Orinoco and Amazon River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Bryconops colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
1999
Bryconops colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999: 365,
fig. 5. Type locality: Río Carrao near base camp at Angel Falls,
Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-27716.
Maximum length: 8.78 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Caroní River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconops colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
1999
Bryconops colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999: 363, fig.
4. Type locality: Río las Clariats at Puente Las Claritas, at km 86
on the El Dorado-Sta. Elena Hwy, 6°10’16.4”N, 61°25’33.9”W,
Estado Bolivar, Venezuela.
Maximum length: 7.79 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cuyuní River basin in the vicinity of
the Venezuelan-Guyanan border.
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconops cyrtogaster (Norman, 1926)
Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1991: 774, fig.
2. Type locality: Rio Trombetas, em amont de la confluence avec
l’Igarapé Caxipacoré, Parà, Brésil. Holotype: INPA 3103.
Maximum length: 11.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Trombetas River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creatochanes cyrtogaster Norman, 1926: 91. Type locality: Oyapock River, French Guiana. Syntypes:
BMNH 1926.3.2.515-524.
Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Oyapock River between French
Guiana and Brazil.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
BRYCONOPS
Bryconops disruptus Machado-Allison & Chernoff,
1997
Bryconops Kner, 1858a: 80. Type species: Bryconops alburnoides
Kner, 1858. Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann
(1910: 435). Gender: masculine.
Creatochanes Günther, 1864: 318. Type species: Salmo melanurus
Bloch, 1794. Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann
(1910: 435). Gender: masculine.
Brycochandus Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type species: Brycochandus durbini Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation.
Bryconops disruptus Machado-Allison & Chernoff, 1997: 68, fig.
2. Type locality: Pozos y Playa en la boca del Caño Darigua 7
Km Sur de San Carlos de Río Negro, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-25003.
Maximum length: 6.41 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
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Buckup, 1996
Bryconops durbini (Eigenmann, 1908)
Brycochandus durbini Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type locality: Rio
Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20862 (2).
Maximum length: 3.06 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconops giacopinii (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Autanichthys giacopinii Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 12, pl. 1 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Río Autana, ca. 8 km above confluence in Río
Sipapo, ca. 4°44’N, 67°37’W, Fed. Terr. of Amazonas, Venezuela. Neotype: MBUCV 21510. Holotype (AFY 48171) and paratypes (AFY 48235) apparently lost; neotype designated by Chernoff et al. (1994: 239).
Distribution: South America: Autana River basin in upper Orinoco
River drainage.
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconops gracilis (Eigenmann, 1908)
Creatochanes gracilis Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type locality: Rio
Tapajos [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconops vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996: 47,
fig. 6. Type locality: Río Cataniapo, Salto Nieves, AM [Venezuela]. Holotype: MBUCV-V-25002.
Maximum length: 6.77 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
CAIAPOBRYCON
Caiapobrycon Malabarba & Vari, 2000: 316. Type species: Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000
Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000: 316, fig. 2. Type
locality: Brazil, Goiás, rio do Peixe, tributary of rio Maranhão,
Niquelândia (14°28’S 48°45’W). Holotype: MNRJ 14546.
Maximum length: 4.53 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Relationships discussed in Malabarba &
Vari (2000).
Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff &
Buckup, 1996
CARLASTYANAX
Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup,
1996: 46, fig. 3. Type locality: Río Cuao, AM [Venezuela]. Holotype: MBUCV-V-25000.
Maximum length: 8.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco, Casiquiare, and
Negro River basins.
Countries: Venezuela
Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann, 1913)
Bryconops imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
2002
Bryconops imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison, in Chernoff, et
al., 2002: 195, fig. 2. Type locality: Venezuela: Bolívar: Río
Caura, small branch of Río Caura at Raudal Cejiato, 5°33’28”N
64°18’49”W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-29605.
Maximum length: 7.56 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Caura River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconops inpai Knöppel, Junk & Géry, 1968
Bryconops (Creatochanes) inpai Knöppel, Junk & Géry, 1968:
231, fig. 1b. Type locality: Lower Rio Negro region, Igarapé
Barro Branco, a brook in the “Reserva Ducke” (INPA) about 30
km from Manaus [Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 10978.
Maximum length: 10 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Negro River and Casiquiare basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794)
Salmo melanurus Bloch, 1794: 104, pl. 381 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Suriname. Syntypes: ZMB 3588 (2).
Maximum length: 12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
Shield.
Countries: Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname
Bryconops transitoria Steindachner, 1915
Bryconops melanurus transitoria Steindachner, 1915a: 49, pl.1
(fig.5). Type locality: Río Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW
68532 (4), 68939 (3), 69213 (6).
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconops vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff &
Carlastyanax Géry, 1972a: 16. Type species: Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann, 1913: 26. Type locality:
Boquia [Cauca River basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56882
[ex CM 5162].
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Géry, 1977: 379 for comments and
description of color pattern in life.
Common names: Gold-tailed tetra (USA)
CERATOBRANCHIA
Ceratobranchia Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
3. Type species: Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, 1914.
Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine. Reviewed by Chernoff &
Machado-Allison (1990).
Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann, 1927
Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann, 1927: 357, pl. 96 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba [Depto. Cuzco, Peru].
Holotype: MCZ 31561.
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & MachadoAllison, 1990
Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990:
283, figs. 20-21. Type locality: Cuzco/Madre de Dios border,
mouth of Río Carbon, below Atalaya in vicinity of road ford on
north/south hwy, 12°53’S, 71°20’W [Depto. de Cuzco, Peru].
Holotype: ANSP 163721 [ex ANSP 143770].
Maximum length: 3.79 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese, 1942
Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese, 1942: 67, pl. 4 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3558.
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL
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Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
COPTOBRYCON
Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
1990
Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990: 286,
fig. 22. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Maniapure at
crossing of Caicara-Puerto Ayacucho Hwy, 6°55’48”N,
66°33’22”W. Holotype: MBUCV 18616 [ex ANSP 159214].
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, 1914
Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Wilson, 1914: 4. Type locality: Chauchamago, Peru
[=Chanchamayo, now Pueblo Nuevo, Depto. Junín, 11°15’S,
75°15’W]. Holotype: CAS 40848 [ex IU 13154].
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
CHALCEUS
Chalceus Cuvier, 1816: 454. Type species: Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Most
recent appraisal on the taxonomy of the genus is Géry (1977:
342). The synonymy mentioned below was suggested by A. Zanata and M. Toledo-Piza (pers. comm.), who are reviewing the
genus.
Plethodectes Cope, 1870: 563. Type species: Plethodectes erythrurus Cope, 1870. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Pellegrinina Fowler, 1907: 442. Type species: Pellegrinina heterolepis Fowler, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870)
Plethodectes erythrurus Cope, 1870: 563, figs. Type locality:
Pebas, Equador [Amazon system, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8032.
Pellegrinina heterolepis Fowler, 1907: 442, fig. 39. Type locality:
Probably some part of West Africa. Holotype: ANSP 8150
(caudal damaged).
Chalceus macrolepidotus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 76, fig.
Type locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system,
Peru]. Type specimen(s) lost (H. Ortega, pers. comm.).
Maximum length: 21.35 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816
Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816: 454, pl. 21 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN 2634.
Chalceus ararapeera Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 244. Type locality: l’Essequibo [Guiana]. Syntypes:
MNHN 5402 (2), A.9836 (1), A.9916.
Creagrutus pellegrini Puyo, 1943: 143, fig. 2. Type locality: haut
Itany... cours supérieur du Marouni [French Guiana]. Type specimen (s) lost (see Géry, 1959c: 345-346; Géry & Planquette,
1982: 68).
Maximum length: 24.46 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro and Orinoco River basins and
coastal rivers in Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname,
Venezuela
Common names: Alampia (French Guiana), Arari-pirá (Brazil),
Douanier (French Guiana), Douanier caca (French Guiana), Kalala (French Guiana), Mopéaki (French Guiana), Rabirrojo (Colombia)
Coptobrycon Géry, 1966c: 226. Type species: Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)
Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911: 150, pl. 1 (fig. 3). Type locality:
Alto da Serra, São Paulo, in a creek [upper Paraná River basin,
São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54383 [ex CM 2937 or
3004].
Maximum length: 4.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1966: 226) for remarks.
CREAGRUTUS
Creagrutus Günther, 1864: 339. Type species: Leporinus muelleri
Günther, 1859. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Creagrudite Myers, 1927: 117. Type species: Creagrudite maxillaris Myers, 1927. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Creagrutops Schultz, 1944: 327. Type species: Creagrutops maracaiboensis Schultz, 1944. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880
Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880: 79. Type locality: Río
Cauca, Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 67120.1, designated by Harold & Vari (1994: 25).
Creagrutus notropoides Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 68. Type
locality: R. Indio, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7574.
Creagrutus leuciscus Regan, 1913: 463. Type locality: R. Lisa and
R. Condoto, San Juan River, Colombia. Lectotype: BMNH
1913.10.1.6, designated by Harold & Vari (1994: 26).
Creagrutus simus Meek & Hildebrand, 1913: 85. Type locality:
Rio Cupe, Cituro, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7591.
Creagrutus londonoi Fowler, 1945d: 3, figs. 1-3. Type locality:
Honda, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71610.
Maximum length: 7.8 cm SL
Distribution: Central and South America: Caribbean drainages of
Colombia from the Magdalena River basin west to coastal basins
of Chocó Department, Pacific slope rivers of Panama from
Bayano to Tuira River, Chagres River system of Atlantic slope of
Panama, and Baudo and San Juan rivers of Pacific slopes of Colombia.
Countries: Colombia, Panama
Creagrutus amoenus Fowler, 1943
Creagrutus amoenus Fowler, 1943a: 239, fig. 18. Type locality:
Florencia, Río Orteguasa, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
70499.
Creagrutus boehlkei Géry, 1972a: 63, pl. 4 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Oriente del Ecuador (=eastern Ecuador). Holotype: ZSM 28428.
Maximum length: 9.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Andean foothill rivers of eastern
Ecuador and southeastern Colombia.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 58) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus anary Fowler, 1913
Creagrutus anary Fowler, 1913: 552, fig. 16. Type locality: Madeira River, about 200 miles east of long. 62°20’W, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39290 (missing). Type locality apparently erroneous
(Böhlke 1955: 8).
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 63) for de-
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
tailed redescription.
Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold, 2001: 66, fig. 24-25. Type
locality: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Río Meta basin, Río Caqueza,
tributary to Río Negro, about 2 km upstream of village of Caqueza (latter at 4°25”N, 73°57”W). Holotype: ICNMHN 4158.
Maximum length: 7.01 cm SL
Distribution: South America: western portions of Orinoco River
basin.
Countries: Colombia
Creagrutus atrisignum Myers, 1927
Creagrutus atrisignum Myers, 1927: 116. Type locality: Upper
Rio Maranhão (upper Tocantins), Goyaz (=Goiás), Brazil. Holotype: CAS 41339.
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maranhão River basin in Tocantins
River drainage.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 69) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold, 2001: 71, fig. 27. Type locality: Ecuador, Sucumbíos, Río Aguarico, near San Pablo de Kantesiya (0°15’18”S, 76°25’30”W). Holotype: MEPN 4621.
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Western Amazon River basin in
northeastern Peru, northeastern Ecuador, and western Brazil.
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, 1911
Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, 1911b: 172, pl. 6 (fig. 2). Type locality: Villa Bella on Río Beni (Bolivia). Holotype: FMNH 54585
(poor condition).
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin in northeastern Bolivia.
Countries: Bolivia
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 75) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus bolivari Schultz, 1944
Creagrutus bolivari Schultz, 1944: 334, fig. 49. Type locality: Río
Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro,
State of Aragua, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121497.
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 79) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, 1913
Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, 1913: 10. Type locality: Piedra de Moler, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56095.
Maximum length: 4.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 18) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold, 2001: 83, fig. 31. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Iaciara, Ribeirão Macambira (approximately
14°20’S, 46°45’W), near bridge on highway GO 112. Holotype:
MZUSP 40537.
Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold, 2001: 85, fig. 32. Type locality:
Colombia, Meta, unnamed stream on Rancho El Viento, across
Río Meta from Puerto Lopez (4°08’N, 72°39’W). Holotype:
ANSP 130527.
Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Western Meta River basin in eastern
Colombia.
Countries: Colombia
Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913
Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913: 9. Type locality: Paila,
Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56104.
Maximum length: 8.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 5) for detailed
redescription.
Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold, 2001: 88, fig. 34. Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, Provincia Pachitea, Río San Alejandro, a tributary of Río Sungarayacu, just above junction with Río Sungarayacu (approximately 9°23’S, 75°11’W). Holotype: MUSM
8858.
Maximum length: 6.69 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Western tributaries of Ucayali River
in departments of Junin, Pasco, and Huanuco, Peru.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus cochui Géry, 1964
Creagrutus cochui Géry, 1964e: 56, fig. 12. Type locality: Upper
Amazon region surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: USNM
200426.
Maximum length: 7.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Western Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 91) for detailed redescription.
Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold, 2001: 93, fig. 36. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Rio Tapajós, sandy beaches on an island located
5 km S of Itaituba (latter locality at 4°17’S, 55°59’W). Holotype:
MCP 15213.
Maximum length: 3.83 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower portions of Tapajós River
basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold, 2001: 95, fig. 37. Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, Quebrada Sanare in Yay (9°45’N,
69°43’W). Holotype: MHNLS 505.
Maximum length: 7.02 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocuyo River, Caribbean
versant, north central Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold, 2001: 98, fig. 39. Type
locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Upper Río Siapa, Campamento
Siapa (Siapa Base Camp). Holotype: MBUCV V-29068.
Maximum length: 5.84 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Siapa River, southern tributary of
Casiquiare River, upper Negro River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold, 2001
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Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 101, fig. 40. Type
locality: Brazil, Distrito Federal, Rio Maranhão, upper Rio Tocantins basin, approximately 35 air km N of Brasilia (approximately 15°32’S, 47°49’W). Holotype: MZUSP 50542.
Maximum length: 6.33 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River drainage in both
upper Tocantins and Araguaia River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold, 2001: 104, fig. 41. Type
locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Río Tiguino basin, Río Tiguino No. 3
(unnamed tributary of Río Tiguino; 1°07’35”S, 76°56’52”W).
Holotype: MEPN 4622.
Maximum length: 9.38 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Eastern slopes of the Andean piedmont.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul, 1975
Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul, 1975: 25, figs. 1-4. Type
locality: Río Aguarico at Santa Cecilia, Napo Province, Ecuador.
Holotype: ANSP 130516.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Andean piedmont rivers of eastern
Ecuador and northeastern Peru.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 108) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold, 2001: 111, fig. 44. Type locality: Peru, Amazonas, Provincia Condorcanqui, Río Santiago,
at La Poza (4°01’S, 77°47’W). Holotype: LACM 41724-27.
Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazonas and Loreto States of Peru
and various localities along eastern slope of Andean Cordilleras
in Ecuador.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold, 2001: 113, fig. 45. Type
locality: Venezuela, Portuguesa, Río Saguaz, Río Guanare-Apure
drainage, bridge near park on road to Chabasquen (= Paraíso de
Chabasquén; 9°23’30”N, 70°00’30”W). Holotype: INHS 69479.
Maximum length: 6.23 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Western Orinoco River basin in
Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz, 1944
Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz, 1944: 330, figs. 47-48. Type
locality: Río Táchira, 7 km north of San Antonio, Catatumbo
system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121482.
Maximum length: 6.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin and Gulf of
Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 20) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold, 2001: 116, fig. 46. Type locality:
Peru, Amazonas, Provincia Utcubamba, Bagua Grande, San Antonio, Quebrada Jaimito (approximately 5°47’S, 78°23’W). Holotype: MUSM 5670.
Maximum length: 9.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Marañón River basin above Pongo
de Manseriche, in northeastern Peru.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison
& Provenzano, 1994
Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison & Provenzano, 1994: 975, fig. 1. Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Sucre,
Río Güiria, near La Toma. Holotype: MBUCV V-20310.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Rivers draining into Gulf of Paria,
Estados Sucre and Monagas.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 119) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold, 2001: 122, fig. 48. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Riacho (small stream) 1, tributary to Rio
Preto at road to San Francisco, Município de Diamantino (Rio
Arinos basin). Holotype: MZUSP 45310.
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega, 1995
Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega, 1995: 290, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: Peru, Departamento Amazonas, Provincia Condorcanqui, Cordillera del Condor, upper Río Comainas, 20 m
upriver of Puesto de Vigilancia No.22 (3°56’30”S, 78°24’20”W).
Holotype: MUSM 5667.
Maximum length: 9.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Marañón River in northeastern Peru, upper Pastaza River and southwestern portion of Napo
River in southeastern Ecuador.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 125) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 128, fig. 52. Type locality: Venezuela, Yaracuy, Río Tupe, Río Aroa drainage, approximately 12 km N of Aroa, on Highway 3 (10°30’19”N,
68°52’33”W). Holotype: INHS 60094.
Maximum length: 7.54 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Aroa and Yaracuy River basins,
Caribbean versant drainages of north central Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & MachadoAllison, 1993
Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & Machado-Allison, 1993:
352, fig. 1. Type locality: Río Aroa basin, Quebrada El Charal,
Finca El Jaguar, Sierra de Aroa, State of Yaracuy, Venezuela
(approx. 10°32’N, 68°32’W). Holotype: MHNLS 9659.
Maximum length: 4.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Aroa and Urama River basins, Caribbean versant drainages of Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 131) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 134, fig. 54. Type
locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Departamento Cedeno, upper Río
Caura, Caño Yumucukenã, within 4 km of its mouth. Holotype:
MCNG 18852.
Maximum length: 4.45 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Caura River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913
Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913: 8. Type locality: Gi-
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
rardot, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56088.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 16) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 137, fig. 55. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Chaviripa, where crossed by bridge
on road from Caicara to San Fernando de Atabapo (approximately 7°11’N, 66°18’W). Holotype: UF 80477.
Maximum length: 6.48 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Chaviripa and Parguaza River basins, right bank tributaries to the Orinoco River.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 149) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold, 2001: 153, figs. 63-64. Type
locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Ribeirão Chiqueirão (tributary of
Rio Jangada, which, in turn, drains into the Rio Cuiabá), approximately 21 km W of Jangada (latter locality at 15°14’S,
56°29’W) on road to Barra do Bugres, Município de Jangada.
Holotype: MZUSP 50546.
Maximum length: 7.52 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin and tentatively
Branco and Negro River near mouth of Branco.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus meridionalis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold, 2001: 140, fig. 56. Type locality:
Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Río Manu basin, Parque
Nacional Manu, Quebrada Agua Clara, first major quebrada on
trail 1 leading from Pakitza (approximately 11°57’S, 71°17’W).
Holotype: MUSM 8867.
Maximum length: 3.97 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Manu River basin in southeastern Peru.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus meredionalis Vari & Harold, 2001: 157, fig. 65. Type
locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Ribeirão Chiqueirão (tributary of
Rio Jangada, which, in turn, drains into the Rio Cuiabá), approximately 21 km W of Jangada (latter locality at 15°14’S,
56°29’W) on road to Barra do Bugres, Município de Jangada.
Holotype: MZUSP 50546.
Maximum length: 6.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin in Mato
Grosso State, and eastern tributaries to Paraguay River in Paraguay.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Creagrutus maracaiboensis (Schultz, 1944)
Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutops maracaiboensis Schultz, 1944: 327, figs. 45-46. Type
locality: Río Negro below mouth of Río Yasa, Lago Maracaibo
basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121531.
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 10) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold, 2001: 159, fig. 66. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rio Araguaia basin, riacho (small
stream) tributary to Ribeirão Lajeadinho, Município de Alto Araguaia (approximately 17°19’S, 53°12’W). Holotype: MZUSP
41461.
Maximum length: 5.58 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers, 1927)
Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrudite maxillaris Myers, 1927: 118. Type locality: Sandbank
on the Colombian border, Rio Negro, Cucuhy (=Cucuí) (Brazil).
Holotype: CAS 30419.
Maximum length: 7.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and rivers draining the Guyana shield, upper Negro River in Venezuela and Brazil, and perhaps upper Madeira River basin along BrazilianBolivian border.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 142) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold, 2001: 162, fig. 68. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Município de Minaçu, Rio Tocantins, at port of
Rubao (13°44’31”S, 48°08’29”W). Holotype: MCP 19511.
Maximum length: 5.61 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909
Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909a: 30. Type locality:
Crab Falls, British Guiana (=Guyana). Holotype: FMNH 52705.
Maximum length: 3.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cuyuni River of eastern Venezuela
to Sinnamary River basin of French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 146) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn, 1994
Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn, 1994: 91, fig. 1.
Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Guarico, Parque Nacional Guatopo, Río Orituco, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to
Altagracia. Holotype: MBUCV V-22198.
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and Tuy and
Neveri rivers of Caribbean Sea versant of Venezuela.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus muelleri (Günther, 1859)
Leporinus muelleri Günther, 1859: 92. Type locality: Andes of
western Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1858.7.25.42-43.
Maximum length: 10.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Rivers of eastern slope of the Andean piedmont in Ecuador.
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 165) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl, 1960
Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl, 1960b: 353. Type locality: Pozo
approxidamente 200 metros corriente arriba del puente de carretera entre Sincelejo y Tolú, en el arroyo Pechilín, municipio de
Toluviejo, departamento de Bolívar, Colombia [=pool approx.
200 m upriver of bridge along road between Sincelejo and Tolú].
Neotype: ICNMHN 989, designated by Harold & Vari (1994:
10).
Maximum length: 2.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Caño Pechilín and Caño Zaragocilla
in Colombia.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 7) for detailed
redescription.
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold, 2001: 167, fig. 70. Type
locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Parque Nacional
Manu, Pakitza, beach along Río Manu close to mouth of Quebrada Pachija (approximately 11°57’S, 71°17’W). Holotype:
MUSM 8869.
Maximum length: 6.59 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Foothills and lowlands of eastern
Peru in the Manu River basin of Department of Madre de Dios
and in upper Purus River basin in states of Acre and Amazonas,
Brazil and Department of Ucayali, Peru.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
co, Peru [=Montericco, Ayacucho, Peru]. Syntypes: NMW
19852-19854, 19867-19871.
Creagrutus nasutus Günther, 1876: 400. Type locality: Monterico,
Peru [=Monterrico, Ayacucho, Peru]. Syntypes: BMNH
1875.10.14.26-33.
Maximum length: 8.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Apurimac and Urubamba River
basins.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 181) for detailed redescription.
Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold, 2001: 170, fig. 71. Type locality: Peru, San Martin, Provincia San Martin, Banda de Shilcayo,
upper portions of Quebrada Choclin, tributary to Río Huallaga,
near town of Shapaja (latter locality at 6°36’S, 76°16’W). Holotype: MUSM 7498.
Maximum length: 7.11 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Huallaga River basin and headwaters
of the Aguaytia River.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus phasma Myers, 1927
Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold, 2001: 184, fig. 78. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, Rio Marco Rondon, Pimenta Bueno (approximately 11°29’S, 61°12’W). Holotype: MNRJ 14807.
Maximum length: 4.88 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Machado River, right bank
tributary of Madeira River.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold, 2001: 173, fig. 72. Type
locality: Peru, Apurimac, Provincia Aymaraes, Río Chalhuanca
(approximately 14°01’S, 73°11’W). Holotype: MUSM 8872.
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Apurimac River basin.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus phasma Myers, 1927: 117. Type locality: Venzuela,
mouth of Curamuni, Río Cassiquiare. Syntypes: CAS 209192.
Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River north to Orinoco
River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 186) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry, 1988
Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 5, figs. 4-5; pl.
3. Type locality: Río Azotey à Cororo, prés de l’embouchure du
Río Ypané Province Concepción, Paraguay (=Río Azotey at Cororo, near mouth of Río Ypané, Concepción Province, Paraguay).
Holotype: MHNG 2386.01.
Maximum length: 5.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin in central and
northern Paraguay.
Countries: Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 175) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari, 1994
Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari, 1994: 13, fig. 8. Type locality: Río Catatumbo basin, Río Táchira, 7 km N of San Antonio,
Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121504.
Maximum length: 6.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Southern and southeastern tributaries
to Maracaibo Lake.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry, 1988
Piabina beni Pearson, 1924: 45, pl. 10 (fig. 5). Type locality:
Popoi River, upper Beni. Syntypes: CAS 87389, UMMZ 66 495.
Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 5. Type locality: Río
Beni at Villa Bella, Amazon system, Bolivia. Holotype: FMNH
54585 (poor condition).
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin in northeastern Bolivia and southeastern Peru.
Countries: Bolivia, Peru
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 178) for detailed redescription.
Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875)
Piabina peruana Steindachner, 1875: 596. Type locality: Monteri-
Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold, 2001: 189, fig. 80. Type locality:
Peru, Ucayali, Provincia Padre Abad, Río Huacamayo, km 155
on Highway (Carratera Federico Basadre) from Pucallpa to Tingo Maria. Holotype: MUSM 8874.
Maximum length: 7.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Smaller rivers draining into Aguaytia
River, left bank tributary of Ucayali River.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno, 1989
Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno, 1989: 1, figs. 1-5. Type
locality: Crique Japigny, Arataye, affluent de l’Approuague, en
amonte de Pierrette, Guyane (=crique Japigny, Arataye, tributary
of Approuague River, above Pierrette, French Guiana). Holotype:
MNHN 1989-31.
Maximum length: 6.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle and upper Approuague River
basin.
Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 191) for detailed redescription.
Common names: Yaya (French Guiana)
Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 195, fig. 84. Type
locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Upper Río Cataniapo basin,
small caño above Saramä Sota. Holotype: MBUCV V-14392.
Maximum length: 5.76 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin, right bank
tributary of Orinoco River.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold, 2001: 198, fig. 85. Type locality:
Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Paraná do Jacaré (approximately
0°30’S, 66°30’W). Holotype: MZUSP 29888.
Maximum length: 6.27 cm SL
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Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold, 2001: 200, fig. 86. Type
locality: Brazil, Goiás, Niquelândia, Rio Indaial, left bank tributary of Rio Maranhão, upper Rio Tocantins basin. Holotype:
MNRJ 14544.
Maximum length: 8.17 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin in
Goiás State and Distrito Federal.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold, 2001: 202, fig. 87. Type
locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Upper Rio Araguaia basin, Córrego Fundo, Município de Barra do Garças (approximately
15°53’S, 52°15’W). Holotype: MZUSP 51026.
Maximum length: 7.03 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold, 2001: 205, fig. 88. Type
locality: Venezuela, Guarico, Río Orituco, Parque Nacional Guatopo, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to Altagracia.
Holotype: MBUCV V-29288.
Maximum length: 7.41 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Piedmont streams of north central
Venezuela, east of Andean Cordilleras, largely in Orinoco River
and Tuy River basin of Caribbean versant.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold, 2001: 209, fig. 89. Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Quebrada Soga, tributary of Río Alto Madre de Dios, 1 km upstream from Erika (opposite Salvacion; approximately 12°53’S, 71°12’W). Holotype:
MUSM 8878.
Maximum length: 7.49 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River basin.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold, 2001: 213, fig. 91. Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Río Cataniapo, 200 m above Las
Pavas. Holotype: MBUCV V-29072.
Maximum length: 4.47 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin, east bank
tributary of middle Orinoco River.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold, 2001: 215, fig. 92. Type
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Cachoeira de São Gabriel
(0°08’S, 67°05’W). Holotype: MZUSP 29894.
Maximum length: 5.04 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and upper Orinoco
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold, 2001: 218, fig. 93. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Sand bank along Río Mato (7°02’N,
65°13’W). Holotype: ANSP 165815.
Maximum length: 2.77 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mato River in the Caura River basin,
Orinoco River drainage.
Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold, 2001: 220, fig. 94. Type
locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Río Casiquiare, playa and backwater about 2 km downstream from mouth of Río Pamoni
(2°48’N, 65°57’W). Holotype: ANSP 161238.
Maximum length: 3.98 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Central and upper Negro River.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
CTENOBRYCON
Ctenobrycon Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type species: Tetragonopterus
hauxwellianus Cope, 1870. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Apodastyanax Fowler, 1911: 422. Type species: Apodastyanax
stewardsoni Fowler, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee, 1907)
Tetragonopterus alleni Eigenmann & McAtee, in Eigenmann,
McAtee & Ward, 1907: 126, pl. 40 (fig. 2). Type locality: Corumba [Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 57616 [ex IU 10158].
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for description.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope, 1870)
Tetragonopterus hauxwellianus Cope, 1870: 560. Type locality:
Pebas, Ecuador [now Peru]. Syntypes: ANSP 8157 [incorrectly
considered as the holotype by Böhlke (1984)], ANSP 8138-42
(5).
Ctenobrycon rhabdops Fowler, 1913: 537, fig. 10. Type locality:
Igarapé de Candelaria (about two miles from the Madeira River,
into which it empties), in Lat. S. 8°45’, Long. W 63°54’, Brazil.
Holotype: ANSP 39220.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
Ctenobrycon spilurus (Valenciennes, 1850)
Tetragonopterus spilurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 156. Type locality: Surinam. Syntypes: MHNH
5341 (ex RMNH).
Apodastyanax stewardsoni Fowler, 1911: 422, fig. 2. Typelocality: Corisal, Venezuela [Orinoco River basin]. Holotype:
ANSP 37867.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin; coastal river
basins of Guiana, Suriname, and french Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992) for notes on ecology
and synonymy.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
Species inquirendae
Tetragonopterus multiradiatus Steindachner, 1876b: 92. Type
locality: Amazonenstrom bei Teffé [Brazil]. Syntypes not found
at NMW.
Tetragonopterus correntinus Holmberg, 1891: 188. Type locality:
Corrientes, Río Paraná, Argentina. No types known.
Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward,
1907: 136, pl. 40 (fig. 3). Type locality: Paraguay Basin and Bahia Negra.
Tetragonopterus gibbicervix Pellegrin, 1909: 152. Type locality:
Tabatinga Tonnantins Teffé [Amazon River, Brazil]. Syntypes:
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MNHN 1909-182 (1), MNHN 1909-320 (1), MNHN 1909-321
(2), NMW 57516 (1).
Remarks and references: Redescribed in Travassos (1957: 87).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon singularis Lucena & Lucena, 1992
DEUTERODON
Deuterodon Eigenmann in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907:
140. Type species: Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, 1907. Type
by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Species of coastal river drainages of southern Brazil revised by Lucena & Lucena (1992),
with species descriptions, geographical distribution and comments on diagnostic characters.
Joinvillea Steindachner, 1908: 29. Type species: Joinvillea rosae
Steindachner, 1908. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
Distoechus Gomes, 1947: 12. Type species: Distoechus stigmaturus Gomes, 1947. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, 1907
Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward,
1907: 140, pl. 41 (fig. 3). Type locality: Iguape [São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 44226 [ex IU 9265].
Maximum length: 9.84 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Redescribed with synonymy in Eigenmann (1927: 346); see Lucena & Lucena (1992: 152) for comments about species description.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon langei Travassos, 1957
Deuterodon singularis Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 141, fig. 11. Type
locality: Santa Catarina: rio Sanga de Areia, Gravatal (aprox.
49°06W 28°33’S) [Brazil]. Holotype: MCP 14753.
Maximum length: 8.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tubarão River basin and coastal
drainages between its mouth and Da Madre River.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon stigmaturus (Gomes, 1947)
Distoechus stigmaturus Gomes, 1947: 13, fig. 2; pl. 1 (fig. 2).
Type locality: backwater of Rio Maquiné, a tributary to Lagôa
dos Quadros, Conceiçao do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143273.
Maximum length: 10.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maquiné, Três Forquilhas and Mampituba River basins in Rio Grande do Sul State.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon supparis Lucena & Lucena, 1992
Deuterodon supparis Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 148, fig. 12. Type
locality: Santa Catarina: afluente do Rio Itajaí-Açu, estrada Blumenau-Rio do Sul (Br 470), próximo a Ibirama (aprox. 49°33’ W
27°04’S)[ Brazil]. Holotype: MCP 14752.
Maximum length: 10.24 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Itajaí-Açu River basin in Santa Catarina State.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon langei Travassos, 1957: 81, fig. 9. Type locality:
Córrego da Divisa - Pôrto de Cima - Paraná [Morretes, Brazil].
Holotype: MNRJ 8534.
Deuterodon amniculus Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 127, fig. 5. Type
locality: Santa Catarina: arroio Lindo, ao lado da SC 301 próximo do entroncamento com a Br 101, Pirabeiraba, Joinville
(aprox. 48°57’W 26°10’S). Holotype: MCP 14755.
Deuterodon garujo Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 130, fig. 5. Type
locality: Santa Catarina: rio Garuvá, sob a ponte na Br 101 cerca
de 2 Km da divisa Santa Catarina/Paraná, Garuvá (aprox.
48°55’W 25°59’S). Holotype: MCP 14754.
Maximum length: 9.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal basins between Cubatão
(northern) River, Santa Catarina State and the Nhundiaquara
River basin in Paraná State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: see Lucena & Lucena (1992: 137) for
comments about distribution.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981: 137, fig. 1. Type locality:
Brasil. Mato Grosso: Rio Cuiabá, Município de Poconé. Holotype: MZUSP 14704.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay and Napo River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Deuterodon longirostris (Steindachner, 1907)
EXODON
Tetragonopterus fasciatus longirostris Steindachner, 1907: 481.
Type locality: Flusse Cubatão [Águas Mornas, Santa Catarina
State, Brazil]. Syntypes: (23) NMW 57508 (2), 57633 (4).
Maximum length: 9.13 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cubatão (southern) River in Santa
Catarina State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: For information regarding the type locality see Lucena & Lucena (1990).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon rosae (Steindachner, 1908)
Joinvillea rosae Steindachner, 1908: 30. Type locality: Rio Jaraguá bei Joinville im Staate S. Catarina (Brasilien). Lectotype:
NMW 69596 (105 mm SL), designated by Lucena & Lucena
(1992: 138).
Maximum length: 11.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Itapocú River basin.
Countries: Brazil
ENGRAULISOMA
Engraulisoma Castro, 1981: 135. Type species: Engraulisoma
taeniatum Castro, 1981. Type by original designation. Gender:
neuter.
Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981
Exodon Müller & Troschel, 1844: 31. Type species: Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by monotypy. Gender:
masculine.
Hystricodon Günther, 1864: 349. Type species: Exodon paradoxus
Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by being a replacement name.
Gender: masculine.
Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844
Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844: 91, pl. 4 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Guiana. Syntypes: ZMB 3609 (2).
Epicyrtus exodon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
46. Type locality: l’Amazone.
Maximum length: 7.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin; Tocantins
River basin; Guyana.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana
Common names: Miguelinho (Brazil)
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GENYCHARAX
Gymnocorymbus bondi (Fowler, 1911)
Genycharax Eigenmann, 1912a: 22. Type species: Genycharax
tarpon Eigenmann, 1912. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Phenacogaster bondi Fowler, 1911: 419, fig. 1. Type locality:
Corisal, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37863.
Gymnocorymbus socolofi Géry, 1964c: 25, fig. 1. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198646.
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Synonymy above is based on personal
observation and examination of types.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912
Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912a: 22. Type locality: Cartago
[Cauca River basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56018 [ex CM
4808].
Maximum length: 17.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: Game fish (Eigenmann, 1912a: 22; Dahl,
1971: 129). See Géry (1977: 531) for comments.
GRUNDULUS
Grundulus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 216.
Type species: Poecilia bogotensis Humboldt, 1821. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 228-229) for
comments on the status of Grundulus, Rhodeoides and Ctenocharax.
Rhodeoides Thominot, 1884: 149. Type species: Rhodeoides vaillanti Thominot, 1884. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Ctenocharax Regan, 1907: 403. Type species: Ctenocharax bogotensis Regan, 1907. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821)
Poecilia bogotensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes,
1821: 154, 159, pl. 45 (fig. 1). Type locality: Plains of Bogota,
Colombia. Holotype: unknown.
Ctenocharax bogotensis Regan, 1907: 403. Type locality: Bogota
[Colombia]. Holotype: BMNH 1868.3.4.1.
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: Ctenocharax bogotensis Regan is a junior
homonym of the type species of Grundulus, Poecilia bogotensis
Humboldt, 1821 - see Malabarba (1998: 229) for comments.
Species inquirenda
Rhodeoides vaillanti Thominot, 1884: 150. Type locality: Río
Chénéché, affluent of Río Magdalena, Bolivia, elev. ca. 2000 m.
Holotype: unknown.
GYMNOCHARACINUS
Gymnocharacinus Steindachner, 1903b: 6. Type species: Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903
Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903a: 17. Type locality:
Bache des südlichen Argentinien, der nach kurzem Laufe in der
Ebene verschwimdet [Argentina]. Syntypes: NMW 69429 (1),
uncat (1, skeleton).
Maximum length: 7.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Valcheta River basin in Negro River
drainage of southern Argentina.
Countries: Argentina
Remarks and references: Illustrated and described in more detail in
Steindachner (1903b: 6, pl. 1, fig. 2). See Géry, (1977: 535) for
comments. Threatened species according to Ortubay & Cussac
(2000: 144).
Common names: Mojarra bronceada (Argentina), Mojarra desnuda
(Argentina), Naked Characin (USA), Naked Tetra (USA)
GYMNOCORYMBUS
Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908: 93. Type species: Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895)
Tetragonopterus ternetzi Boulenger, 1895: 528. Type locality:
Descalvados, Matto Grosso [Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
1885.5.163-7.
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Guaporé River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia (introduced)
Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for description.
Common names: Black tetra (USA), Tetra preto (Brazil)
Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908
Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908: 93. Type locality:
Amazons from Tabatinga to Gurupa [Brazil].
Moenkhausia profunda Eigenmann, 1912b: 322, pl. 46 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Cloaca trenches, Issora Rubber Plantation [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53717 [ex CM 2207].
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin (Bolivia
and Colombia). Recorded from the Orinoco River, Guyana, and
Trinidad and Tobago.
Countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 125) for description.
Common names: False black tetra (USA), Lambari (Brazil), Sardinita (Ecuador)
GYMNOTICHTHYS
Gymnotichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 9. Type species: Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 10, pl. 2 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Rio Autana [Orinoco River basin, Venezuela].
Holotype: MHNLS 963 [ex AFY 48164].
Maximum length: 7.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 451) for comments.
HASEMANIA
Hasemania Ellis, 1911: 148. Type species: Hasemania melanura
Ellis, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Pristicharax Fowler, 1949a: 1. Type species: Pristicharax hanseni
Fowler, 1949a. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry, 1999
Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry, 1999: 91, fig. 1. Type
locality: Corrego Planaltina, oberer Rio São Bartolomeu
(mündend in den Rio Corumba, Nebenfluss des Rio Paranaiba,
La-Plata system), 1050 m über NN, nahe Planaltina, nordöstl.
von Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Bundesstaat Goias, Brasilien, etwa
15°38’ südl. Breite und 47°40’ westl. Länge. Holotype: MZUSP
52732.
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Maximum length: 6.72 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin in Distrito
Federal.
Countries: Brazil
Hasemania hanseni (Fowler, 1949)
Pristicharax hanseni Fowler, 1949a: 1, fig. 2. Type locality:
Goiaz, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 72104.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Goiás State (exact locality unknown).
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958: 46-49) for a redescription of the species.
Hasemania maxillaris Ellis, 1911
Hasemania maxillaris Ellis, 1911: 148, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type locality:
Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Iguaçu River, Paraná River basin, Paraná, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54303 [ex CM 2937].
Maximum length: 2.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hasemania melanura Ellis, 1911
Hasemania melanura Ellis, 1911: 149, pl. 1 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Iguaçu, Paraná River basin, Paraná,
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54384 [ex CM 3002].
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hasemania nana (Lütken, 1875)
Tetragonopterus nanus Lütken, 1875a: 133. Type locality: Iacu
Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil].
Syntypes: USNM 44958 (4), MNHN 9584 (5), ZMB 9202 (5),
ZMUC 664-678 (15), ZMUC 900-916 (17).
Hasemania marginata Meinken, 1938: 225, fig. Type locality:
Südöstliches Brasilien, genauer Fangplatz unbekannt.
Maximum length: 2.66 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin in Minas
Gerais State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972: 9) and Lima & Gerhard
(2001: 112) for notes on taxonomy.
HEMIBRYCON
Hemibrycon Günther, 1864: 330. Type species: Tetragonopterus
polyodon Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann, 1913)
Bryconamericus boquiae Eigenmann, 1913: 20. Type locality:
Boquia [at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia]. Holotype:
FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059]. Name originally published as Bryconamericus or Hemibrycon boquiae spec. nov.?
Hemibrycon boquillae Eigenmann, 1922b: 153. Type locality:
Boquia [at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia]. Holotype:
FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059].
Maximum length: 4.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: Misspelled or unjustifibly emmended to
Hemibrycon boquillae by Eigenmann (1922: 153) with same
types. See Dahl (1971) for identification key and distribution and
list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
type: whereabouts unknown.
Maximum length: 6.67 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Atrato River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, 1914
Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Wilson, 1914: 8. Type locality: Rio San Gil, Santander, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56653 [ex CM 5470].
Maximum length: 10.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: San Gil River, Santander.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl, (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Golosa (Colombia), Sardina (Colombia)
Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916
Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916: 285, pl. 20.
Type locality: Rio Yape, Rio Tuyra Basin, Panama. Holotype:
FMNH 8947.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Yape River in Tuira River basin.
Countries: Panama
Hemibrycon decurrens (Eigenmann, 1913)
Bryconamericus decurrens Eigenmann, 1913: 20. Type locality:
Soplaviento [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56255 [ex CM 5055].
Maximum length: 5.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Galocha (Colombia), Sardinita (Colombia)
Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann, 1913)
Bryconamericus dentatus Eigenmann, 1913: 19. Type locality:
Piedra Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56253 [ex CM
5054a].
Maximum length: 11.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin, upper San Jorge,
Cesar, and Orihueca Rivers.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
Hemibrycon guppyi (Regan, 1906)
Tetragonopterus guppyi Regan, 1906: 384, pl. 21 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Glenside Estate stream, at the foot of the range of hills,
Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Maximum length: 8.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Glenside Estate Stream, Trinidad
Island.
Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Common names: Mountain-stream Sardine (Trinidad and Tobago)
Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927
Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927b: 406, pl. 96 (fig. 2). Type
locality: Rio Comberciato [Peru]. Holotype: ?MCZ 31565 (1) or
30980 (1).
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Urubamba,
Comberciato, and Crisnejas rivers in Peru.
Countries: Peru
Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner, 1882)
Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, 1960
Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, 1960a: 467, fig. Type locality: Quebrada La Noche, tributary to the upper Atrato [Colombia]. Holo-
Tetragonopterus huambonicus Steindachner, 1882a: 177. Type
locality: Huambo [Peru]. Syntypes: NMW 57531. Species later
illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b:
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25, pl. 5, fig. 1).
Maximum length: 11.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, mountain
streams of the eastern slope of Peru and the Beni River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz, 1944
Hemibrycon dentatus jabonero Schultz, 1944: 363, fig. 55. Type
locality: Río Chama at Estanques, Estado de Mérida, Venezuela.
Holotype: USNM 121455.
Maximum length: 11.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner, 1877)
Tetragonopterus jelskii Steindachner, 1876a: 590. Type locality:
Monterico [Peru].
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Remac River basin near Lima.
Countries: Peru
portion of the Island of Trinidad, W.I. [Trinidad and Tobago]
Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Western Trinidad Island.
Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Common names: Mountain stream sardine (Trinidad and Tobago),
Sardine (Trinidad and Tobago)
Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann, 1913)
Bryconamericus tolimae Eigenmann, 1913: 18. Type locality:
Ibagué [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56257 [ex CM 5057].
Maximum length: 11.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Pintona (Colombia), Sardina pintada (Colombia),
Sardinita pintada (Colombia)
Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922
Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930: 68. Type locality: Guaicaramo,
Rio Guavio, Colombia. Holotype: SU 23727.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922b: 152. Type locality: Río
Apurimac at Uruhuasi [Peru]. Holotype: CAS 44358 [ex IU
13723]. Description in key.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1927: 403-404) for
detailed description.
Hemibrycon orcesi Böhlke, 1958
Hemibrycon velox Dahl, 1964
Hemibrycon orcési Böhlke, 1958b: 25, pl. 2 (fig. 4). Type locality:
Río Macuna [northern tributary of upper Morona River, upper
Amazon, 2°7-13’ S, 77°35-47’ W, prov. Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador]. Holotype: USNM 164064.
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Macuma River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Hemibrycon velox Dahl, in Dahl & Medem, 1964: 68, fig. Type
locality: Quebrada Caña Fina, Río Verde del Sinu [Colombia].
Holotype: not researched.
Maximum length: 11 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Sinu River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930
Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus polyodon Günther, 1864: 330. Type locality:
Guayaquil [Ecuador]. Holotype: BMNH 1858.7.25.41.
?Hemibrycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943d: 1, fig. 1(1). Type locality:
Hacienda Las Mascota, mouth of the Rio Pastaza, basin of the
Rio Marañon, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 70155. Provisional
synonym.
Maximum length: 16.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1927: 410), Fowler
(1943: 2), and Géry (1977: 379) for distribution of Hemibrycon
species in Ecuador and possibly synonym of H. coxeyi with H.
polyodon. The type locality of H. coxeyi given by Fowler (1943)
is not in accordance with the original label of the holotype (M.H.
Sabaj, pers.comm.) or the information given by Brown (1941:
834) on the position of the Hacienda Mascota (see also Böhlke,
1958b: 24-25). Type locality should be ammended to “Ecuador,
Napo-Pastaza, Hacienda Mascota, río Topo, a tributary of río
Pastaza, 1°25’S, 78°11’W”.
Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962
Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962: 71, fig. 2. Type locality:
Brownscreek, -km. 114 of the railroad Paramaribo-Dam, Paramacca river basin, Surinam. Holotype: ZMA 104188 [ex Géry
M.107.1].
Maximum length: 7.08 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of French Guiana
and Suriname.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill, 1858)
Poecilurichthys taeniurus Gill, 1858: 418. Type locality: Western
HEMIGRAMMUS
Hemigrammus Gill, 1858: 420. Type species: Poecilurichthys
(Hemigrammus) unilineatus Gill, 1858. Type by monotypy in
subgenus. Gender: masculine. More recent appraisal is Géry
(1977: 490-510). See Taphorn (1992: 221) for synonymization of
Ramizerella.
Holopristis Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopterus
ocellifer Steindachner, 1883. Type by original designation.
Gender: feminine. Unjustifiably emended or misspelled Holopristes by Eigenmann & Ogle (1907: 11).
Ramirezella Fernández-Yépez, 1949: unnumbered. Type species:
Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949. Type by original
designation. Gender: feminine.
Hemigrammus aereus Géry, 1959
Hemigrammus aereus Géry, 1959a: 257, fig. 5. Type locality:
crique Nancibo, basin de la Conté, un des formateurs du Mahury
[French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.86.
Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Known only from the type locality in
Comté River basin.
Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: Planquette et al. (1996: 295) suggested
that probably Hemigrammus aereus is a synonym of either
Moenkhausia collettii or Hemigrammus bellottii.
Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909: 64. Type locality: Rockstone
[Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53041 [ex CM
1466].
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Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Demerara rivers;
Apure River basin, Orinoco River basin, lower Tapajós and Negro River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Goulding et al. (1988) and Taphorn
(1992: 200-202) provided information on taxonomy and ecology.
Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 232. Type
locality: Barrigona, Rio Meta [Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 44368
[ex IU 13423].
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 203-205) for redescription and ecological notes.
Common names: Sardinita dos líneas (Venezuela)
Hemigrammus belottii (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus belottii Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Tabatinga [Solimões River at Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil].
Syntypes: NMW 57253 (13), NMW 57524 (9), NMW 57525 (9).
Described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 34-35).
Maximum length: 2.63 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Solimões and Negro River basins
and Maroni River basin.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Géry (1963) and Planquette et al.
(1996: 274-275) for redescription and figures.
Hemigrammus bleheri Géry & Mahnert, 1986
Hemigrammus bleheri Géry & Mahnert, 1986: 41, fig. unnumb.
Type locality: Middle Rio Negro, Brazil, probably near Rio Jufaris. Holotype: MZUSP 37369.
Maximum length: 3.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro and Meta River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia
Remarks and references: Ornamental fish.
Hemigrammus boesemani Géry, 1959
Hemigrammus micropterus boesemani Géry, 1959a: 251, fig. 2.
Type locality: Crique vers Sinnamary, Guyane fse [French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.80.
Maximum length: 2.65 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Iracoubo, Sinnamary,
Kourou, Comté, and Kaw rivers, French Guiana; Suriname; upper Amazon in Peru.
Countries: French Guiana, Peru, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 275) for
notes on taxonomy, ecology and distribution.
Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911
Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911: 161, pl. 3 (fig. 4). Type locality:
Barreiras. Lagôas do Rio Grande [São Francisco River basin,
Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54444 [ex CM 3068].
Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, 1908
Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type
locality: Manacapuru [Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20801 (97); original says 103 specimens, the type
46.
Maximum length: 5.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Solimões River and lower Negro
River basins in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, 1918
Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 168, pl. 20
(fig. 3). Type locality: Jatuarana [probably near Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil], Silva, Lake Saraca [Silves, Lago Saracá, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21067 (6), MCZ 89964 (11), CAS
42675 (2).
Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Solimões River basin in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909: 62. Type locality: Tumatumari [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53426 [ex CM 1461].
Maximum length: 10.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River, Guyana.
Countries: Guyana
Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus elegans Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Obidos [Amazon River at Óbidos, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW
57390 (8), ?MCZ 90014 (2). Described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 36, pl. 7, fig. 4).
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tapajós River basins in
Brazil; Apure and Aguaro River basins in Venezuela.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Taphorn (1992: 206-207) provided taxonomical/ecological remarks.
Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909: 56. Type locality:
Erukin [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53546 [ex
CM 1448].
Maximum length: 3.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River, Guyana.
Countries: Guyana
Hemigrammus gracilis (Lütken, 1875)
Tetragonopterus gracilis Lütken, 1875a: 133. Type locality: Lacu
Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil].
Syntypes: MNHN 9583 (4), NMW 68066 (5), ZMB 9201 (1),
ZMUC 522-529 (8), ZMUC 539 (1), ZMUC 650 (1), ZMUC 651
(1), ZMUC 661 (1), ZMUC 662 (1).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco and Amazon River
basins, Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Considered a Hyphessobrycon previous
to Géry (1977).
Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959
Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959a: 254, fig. 3. Type locality:
crique Sable (Hte Mana) [French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG
2181.23.
Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Approuague, and
Oyapock Rivers, French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 276-277) for
notes om taxonomy, ecology and distribution.
Hemigrammus haraldi Géry, 1961
Hemigrammus pulcher haraldi Géry, 1961a: 44, fig. 2. Type locality: Upper Solimõoes, environs of Sao Paulo de Olivença (Brazil), in an inland-lake midst the thick forest between Paraná-Para
and the Paraná-Camatia. Holotype: USNM 196672.
Maximum length: 2.73 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in western Brazil.
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Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 209-210) for taxonomic remarks.
Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin, 1918
Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin in Eigenmann, 1918: 151, pl. 18
(fig. 4). Type locality: Lake Hyanuary [= Lago Januari, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20955 (4), CAS 42676 (2).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann, 1918
Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus maxillaris (Fowler, 1932)
Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909: 60. Type locality: Gluck Island
[Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53034 [ex CM
1458].
Maximum length: 2.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Hyphessobrycon maxillaris Fowler, 1932: 354, fig. p. 350. Type
locality: Descavaldos, Matto Grosso [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP
53660.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Transferred from Hyphessobrycon to
Hemigrammus by Weitzman (1985).
Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 1908
Hemigrammus levis Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type locality: Lago do Maximo, Obidos, Villa Bella, Lake Jose Assu
[Amazon River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20738 (194),
MCZ 20749 (28), MCZ 20829 (3), MCZ 89961 (64), MCZ
89962 (18), USNM 120266 (6), CAS 42677 (5), CAS 42678 (7).
Lectotype designated as MCZ 20738 by Eigenmann (1918: 149)
but lot with more than one specimen so lectotype designation is
not valid.
Maximum length: 4.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Araújo-Lima et al. (1986) to observations on diet and microhabitat preferences.
Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964
Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964a: 7, fig. 5. Type locality: petit
ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha avec le Caño Yarina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, afluent du canal de Puinahua
(bras du bas Rio Ucayali). Holotype: ZFMK?
Maximum length: 2.51 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Pacaya River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, 1918
Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 164. Type
locality: Amazon. Holotype: MCZ 20964 (1 of 3).
Maximum length: 4.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraguay, and Suriname
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Peru, Suriname
Remarks and references: For taxonomic remarks, see Géry (1964:
9-10).
Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry, 1989
Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry, 1989: 154, figs. 5-7. Type
locality: Paraguay, dépt. Misiones, marais près de Panchito Lopez à 4 km de Yabebyry. Holotype: MHNG 2412.82.
Maximum length: 2.75 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná and Paraguay River basins in
Paraguay.
Countries: Paraguay
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911: 159, pl. 3 (fig. 3). Type
locality: Queimadas, Rio Itapicurú [Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype:
FMNH 54430 [ex CM 3053].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco, Itapicuru, Paraná, and
Paraguay River basins; Guaporé and Amazon River basins; Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann, 1918: 152, pl. 19 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Argentina. Holotype: CAS 44436 [ex IU 11438].
Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Argentina (exact locality unknown).
Countries: Argentina
Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945
Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945c: 1, fig. 3. Type locality:
Ninabamba near Ayacucho, at 1900 meters elevation, Rio Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 71624.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Ucayali River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913
Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913: 543, fig. 12. Type
locality: Tributary of Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil.
Holotype: ANSP 39228.
Maximum length: 3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Middle Madeira River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, 1907
Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
15. Type locality: Los Castillos, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS
44438 [ex IU 10802].
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 212-214) for taxonomical/ecological remarks.
Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, 1918
Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 165.
Type locality: Santarem [Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype:
MCZ 20782 (1 of 9).
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Central Amazon and Orinoco River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 215-216) for taxonomical/ecological remarks.
Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955
Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955: 229, fig. 2. Type locality:
rapids at Camanáos on the Rio Negro, Brazil... Camanáos is
down river from São Gabriel, at approximately 0°10’S South
Latitude, 66°25’ West Longitude. Holotype: SU 47759.
Maximum length: 2.83 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle Negro and Amazon basins;
upper Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 218-219) for taxonomical/ecological remarks.
Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske & Géry, 2002
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske & Géry, 2002a: 24, fig. 3. Type
locality: Bolivien, Dep. Pando, Río Manuripi, unweit des Zusammenflusses mit dem Río Tahumanu, mehrere Fundorte Zwischen Alméndrillo (11°11’687”S, 67°34’269”W) und Bolima
(11°16’890” S, 67°36’246”). Holotype: MTD F 25536.
Maximum length: 3.19 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Bolivia.
Countries: Bolivia
designated by Zarske & Géry (1995: 112).
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin in Pará
State, and Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry & Uj (1986) and Taphorn
(1992: 224-225) for taxonomic remarks.
Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez, 1949)
Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909: 58. Type locality: Georgetown trenches [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53026 [ex CM 1450].
Hemigrammus armstrongi Schultz & Axelrod, 1955: 5, fig. (p. 4).
Type locality: From near Georgetown,
British Guyana. Holotype: USNM 163868.
Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Rivers of Guyana, Suriname, French
Guiana, and Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1964: 32) and Planquette et al.
(1996: 280-281) for taxonomic, distributional, and ecological
remarks.
Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949: [2], fig. Type
locality: Palital, Edo. Guárico, Venezuela [Orinoco River basin].
Holotype: AFY 45019.
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 221-222) for taxonomical/ecological remarks.
Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus ocellifer Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Villa bella, Cudajas [= Vila Bela, now Parintins, and Cudajas =
Codajás, Amazon basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: ?MCZ 20969 (5),
MSNM 4 (1), NMW 57689 (6). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 32, pl. 7, fig. 5).
?Hemigrammus ocellifer falsus Meinken, 1958: 232. Type locality:
Amazonas. Holotype: ZMH H1183.
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Rivers of Guyana, Suriname, French
Guiana, and Amazon basin in Brazil and Peru.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (introduced)
Remarks and references: See Géry (1959, 1964) and Planquette et
al. (1996: 278-279) for taxonomical, distributional and ecological
remarks.
Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909: 61. Type locality: Tukeit
[upper Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53052 [ex
CM 1477].
Maximum length: 3.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River in Guyana; lower
Tapajós River.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana
Remarks and references: Géry (1977: 494) and Planquette et al.
(1996: 274) consider Hemigrammus orthus as being possibly a
synonym of Hemigrammus bellotii.
Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965
Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965c: 19, pl. 2 (fig. 7). Type
locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près
de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia [Brazil]. Holotype:
SMF 7237.
Maximum length: 4.54 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938
Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938: 49. Type locality: dem
Stromgebiet zwischen Tabatinga und Iquitos. Lectotype: ZMH
H61 [ex 17757, in part], designated by Ladiges et al. (1958: 157).
Maximum length: 3.28 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1961) for remarks on the
taxonomy.
Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924
Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924: 405, fig. Type locality:
Pará [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 22626 [apparently not 22616],
Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus schmardae Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: Tabatinga [upper Amazon basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW
57809 (3), NMW 57979 (22), NMW 81255 (2). Described in
more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 37, pl. 7, fig. 6).
Hemigrammus proneki Géry, 1963b: 14, fig. 2. Type locality: near
Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype:
USNM 198648.
Maximum length: 3.68 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 506) for the synonym,
Taphorn (1992: 227-228) for notes on the taxonomy and ecology.
Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, 1909)
Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin, 1909: 71. Type locality: Lama
Stop-Off [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52798 [ex CM 1197].
Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Negro River basins,
Orinoco River basin, and coastal rivers in Guyana.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 233-234) for an
account on the taxonomy.
Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, 1907
Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
15. Type locality: Arroyo Pypucu, Paraguay basin [Paraguay].
Holotype: CAS 58609 [ex IU 11262].
Maximum length: 2 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger, 1895)
Tetragonopterus ulreyi Boulenger, 1895: 529. Type locality: Descalvados, Matto Grosso [Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil].
Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.194-199 (6).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858)
Poecilurichthys unilineatus Gill, 1858: 420. Type locality: Western Portion of the Island of Trinidad, W. I. [Trinidad and Tobago]. No types known.
Hemigrammus unilineatus cayennensis Géry, 1959a: 248, fig. 1.
Type locality: crique d’eau douce de l’ile de Cayenne [French
Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2179.61.
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Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL
Distribution: Central to South America: River basins of Trinidad,
coastal river basins of Venezuela, rivers of Guyana, Suriname,
French Guiana; Guaporé and Amazon River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1959, 1966), Planquette et al.
(1996: 282-283), and Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 237) for taxonomic remarks.
Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963
Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963b: 11, fig. 1. Type locality: near Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 198643.
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
HOLLANDICHTHYS
Hollandichthys Eigenmann, 1909b: 257. Type species: Tetragonopterus multifasciatus Eigenmann & Norris, 1900. Type by
monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris,
1900)
Tetragonopterus multifasciatus Eigenmann & Norris, 1900: 358.
Type locality: Cubatão [São Paulo, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS
61483 [ex IU 9288].
Pseudochalceus perstriatus Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: [4], fig. 5.
Type locality: Corregos de Iporanga [São Paulo, Brazil].
Pseudochalceus affinis Steindachner, 1908: 29. Type locality: Rio
Jaraguá bei Joinville, Staate S. Catharina (Brasilien). Syntypes:
NMW 56736-37 (6-3).
Maximum length: 9.64 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers from Rio de Janeiro to
Rio Grande do Sul.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1921) for a detailed
description; Sabino & Castro (1990) for ecological observations
and biological information. Probably a species complex including several species.
Common names: Lambari-listrado (Brazil)
HYPHESSOBRYCON
Hyphessobrycon Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type species:
Hemigrammus compressus Meek, 1908. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. More recent appraisal is Géry (1977:
458-486). See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a) for synonymization
of Megalamphodus and Pseudopristella. Probably not monophyletic (Weitzman & Fink, 1983; Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a).
Dermatocheir Durbin, 1909: 55. Type species: Dermatocheir
catablepta Durbin, 1909. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Megalamphodus Eigenmann, 1915: 49. Type species: Megalamphodus megalopterus Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Ectrepopterus Fowler, 1943c: 313. Type species: Megalamphodus
uruguayensis Fowler, 1943c. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Pseudopristella Géry, 1960b: 18. Type species: Pseudopristella
simulata Géry, 1960b. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913: 549, fig. 15. Type locality:
Madeira River, about 200 miles east of W. Long. 62°20’, Brazil
Holotype: ANSP 39232.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1965: 23-24; 1972: 8) for
remarks on the taxonomy of the species.
Hyphessobrycon
1950
albolineatum
Fernández-Yépez,
Hyphessobrycon albolineatum Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 17, pl. 3
(fig. 3). Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY
48169.
Maximum length: 2.58 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Autana River in the Orinoco River
basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon amandae Géry & Uj, 1987
Hyphessobrycon amandae Géry & Uj, 1987b: 59, figs. Type locality: Rio das Mortes, Brazil, some 100 km before its confluence
with the Braço Maior of the Rio Araguaia (the western border of
the Ilha do Bananal), State of Mato Grosso. Holotype: MZUSP
37367 [ex Géry no. G.799.1].
Maximum length: 1.95 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 239) for
taxonomical remarks.
Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Zarske & Géry, 1998
Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Zarske & Géry, 1998: 20, fig. 1.
Type locality: Brasilien, Amapa, etwa 45 km nördlich Macapa.
Kleiner Savannenbach an der B 156 von Sitio Camaipi nach Santa Clara, etwa 11 km von Sitio Camaipi (Rio-Preto-Gebiet). Holotype: MZUSP 52730.
Maximum length: 2.99 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amapa State (known only from the
type locality).
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907)
Hemigrammus anisitsi Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
16. Type locality: Villa Rica [Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 11984
[ex IU 10182] (1 of 3).
Hemigrammus caudovittatus Ahl, 1923: 261, fig. Type locality:
Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Syntypes not found in ZMB (Zarske
& Géry, 1995: 110).
Hyphessobrycon erythrurus Ahl, 1928: 319. Type locality: Probably Brazil. Syntypes: (5) ZMB 20828 (1).
Maximum length: 5.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraná and Uruguay River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon arianae Uj & Géry, 1989
Hyphessobrycon arianae Uj & Géry, 1989: 148, figs. 2-4. Type
locality: Paraguay, dépt. Caaguazu, Rio Güyraugua, affl. du Rio
Monday à 3 km E de Juan Frutos. Holotype: MHNG 2412.79.
Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Remarks and references: This species is possibly a synonym of
Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann, 1915 (Malabarba, 1998).
Hyphessobrycon axelrodi (Travassos, 1959)
Aphyocharax axelrodi Travassos, 1959: 5, figs. unnumb. p. 6.
Type locality: Trinidad, T.W.I. near Piarco. Holotype: MNRJ
9120.
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Island of Trinidad.
Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234;
134
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
1998: 130-131) for remarks.
Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers, 1927
Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers, 1927: 115. Type locality: Planaltina, Lagoa Fervedeira, Goyaz [Distrito Federal, Alto Paraná River
basin, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 51789 [ex IU 17678a].
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101. Type
locality: Obidos [Amazon River basin, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes:
CAS 42682 (3), MCZ 20842 (15), USNM 120270 (3).
Hyphessobrycon robertsi Anonymous [H. R. Axelrod], 1958: 76.
Not available as above, no distinguishing features provided; as
pointed out by Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226) and Weitzman
& Palmer (1997b: 153), “Numerous subsequent references to H.
robertsi in the aquarium literature appear to refer to H. bentosi
and may have made the name H. robertsi available.”
Maximum length: 4.32 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226227; 1997d) for taxonomic comments.
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis, 1911: 156, pls. 2 (fig. 4), 3 (fig.
1). Type locality: Campos [Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54404 [ex CM 3026].
Maximum length: 4.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages from Espírito
Santo to Rio Grande do Sul States and upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907)
Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle,
1907: 15. Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [restricted to
Laguna dos Patos system by Malabarba, 1989)]. Holotype: CAS
44379 [ex IU 11073].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages of Rio
Grande do Sul State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Malabarba (1989: 134-135) for
comments.
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos, 1964
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos, 1964: 542, fig. 5. Type
locality: Rio Cachimbo - Cachimbo - Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo
do Salto - Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brazil].
Holotype: MNRJ 9196.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cachimbo River, Tapajós River
basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon catableptus (Durbin, 1909)
Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, 1909: 55. Type locality: Tumatumari, above the falls [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53553 [ex
CM 1198].
Maximum length: 1.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Vari (1987: 650-651;
1988: 650-651) for comments on the species.
Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers, 1929
Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929:
535. Type locality: Lagoa Bonita, into São Bartholomeu, Goyaz,
Brazil. Holotype: CAS 60476 [ex IU 17665].
Maximum length: 2.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2001
Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2001: 23, fig. 1.
Type locality: Kolumbien, Darien, kleiner Bach etwa 6 km flussaufwärts von Acandi, Einzugsgebiet des Rio Acandi, Atlantikküste. Holotype MTD F 25 497.
Max length: 4.6 cm SL (7 cm TL)
Distribution: South America: Acandi River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek, 1904)
Hemigrammus compressus Meek, 1904: 87, fig. 25. Type locality:
El Hule, Oaxaca. Basin of the Rio Papaloapam [Mexico]. Holotype: FMNH 4641.
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: North and Central America: Papaloapam River basin.
Countries: Belize, Mexico
Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913
Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913: 465. Type locality: Rio
Condoto..and the Rio San Juan. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.10.1.1921 (3).
Maximum length: 4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Condoto and San Juan River basins.
Countries: Colombia
Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101.
Type locality: Tabatinga [Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS 42683 (5), MCZ 20771 (88), USNM 120271
(6).
Maximum length: 3.46 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões, Mana and Approuague River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226)
and Planquette et al. (1996: 288-289) for comments.
Hyphessobrycon diancistrus Weitzman, 1977
Hyphessobrycon diancistrus Weitzman, 1977b: 349, figs. 1-5.
Type locality: Colombia, State of Vichada, Río Vichada, about
50 km west of San José de Ocumé (70°20’W, 4°14’S), Orinoco
river basin. Holotype: USNM 216607.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Negro River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia
Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis, 1911: 155, pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type
locality: Mogy das Cruzes, Rio Tieté [upper Paraná River basin,
São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH [ex CM 3023] (missing).
Maximum length: 6.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê and Paraíba do Sul
River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon ecuadorensis (Eigenmann, 1915)
Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann, 1915: 99. Type locality: “Naranjito, Río Chan Chan, Ecuador”. Holotype: CAS [ex IU
13628] (apparently lost).
Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guayas River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 129-130)
noted that Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann is a secondary homonym of Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann &
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Henn. They decided to not propose a new name in view of the
uncertainties involving the taxonomic status of the species. We
agree that an analysis of the species of the “rosy tetra” complex
occurring in trans-Andean rivers of South America and Central
America is needed before any nomenclatural action could be
made.
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn,
1914
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 9. Type locality: Vinces, Ecuador
[Los Ríos, forest pool near Vinces, w. Ecuador (ca. 1°33’S,
79°44’W)]. Holotype: CAS 61602 [ex IU 13105a].
Maximum length: 3.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Only known from the type locality.
Countries: Ecuador
Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, 1984
Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, 1984: 800, figs. 1-5. Type
locality: Paraguay, Departamento San Pedro, swamp 3 km
northwest of Lima, Río Aguaray-guazu system, 23°55’S,
56°29’W. Holotype: USNM 232393.
Maximum length: 1.79 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909: 69. Type locality: Creek between Potaro Landing and Kangaruma [Guyana]. Holotype:
FMNH 52795 [ex CM 1194].
Maximum length: 4.2 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Guyana (?).
Countries: Guyana
Hyphessobrycon epicharis Weitzman & Palmer, 1997
Hyphessobrycon epicharis Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a: 214, figs.
1-4. Type locality: Venezuela, State of Amazonas, head waters of
Río Baria (= Río Mawarinuma…), tributary mouth, 3 km downstream from Neblina base camp on left bank, 0°55’N, 66°10’W.
Holotype: MBUCV-V 20800.
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco and upper Negro
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882)
Chirodon eques Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: Villa
Bella, Obidos [Villa Bella = Parintins, Amazon River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 62693: 1-4
Tetragonopterus callistus Boulenger, 1900: 2. Type locality: Carandosiñho [= Carandazinho, near Corumbá, Paraguay River system, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
1900.4.4.63-68.
Hemigrammus melasopterus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 518.
Type locality: Type locality: Aguada, near Arroyo Trementina
[Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 44381 [ex IU 10039].
Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type
locality: Serpa [Serpa = Itacoatiara, Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS 42684 (5), MCZ 20985 (34),
USNM 120269 (6).
Maximum length: 3.13 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Guaporé River basin;
Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana (introduced), Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a, b) for
notes on the taxonomy and synonyms.
Common names: Mato grosso (Brazil)
Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943)
Hemigrammus erythrostigma Fowler, 1943b: 33, fig. Type locality: without locality, supposed to have been secured in Brazil.
Holotype: ANSP 70208.
Hyphessobrycon rubrostigma Hoedeman, 1956: 312, fig. Type
locality: Colombia. Holotype: ZMA 101935a.
Maximum length: 6.06 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Remarks and references: See Weitzman (1977) for redescription,
and Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for general comments.
Hyphessobrycon fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Hyphessobrycon fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1972: 20, pl. 20.
Type locality: Río Yaracuy [Venezuela]. Holotype: no repository
stated.
Maximum length: 3.66 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Yaracuy River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924
Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924: 330, fig. Type locality:
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Syntypes: USNM 92629 (2).
Maximum length: 2.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro
State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman et al. (1988) for comments
on the distribution.
Hyphessobrycon frankei Zarske & Géry, 1997
Hyphessobrycon frankei Zarske & Géry, 1997: 309, fig. 3. Type
locality: Bach an der Carretera Central, zehn Kilometer westlich
Aguaytia [Ucayali River basin, Depto. Loreto, Peru]. Holotype:
MTDF 17706.
Maximum length: 3.35 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Ucayali River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon georgettae Géry, 1961
Hyphessobrycon georgetti Géry, 1961d: 121, figs. 1-3. Type locality: swampcreek in Paru savannah [Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA
103269. Originally as georgetti but named after a woman so
emended to georgettae.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Suriname (?).
Countries: Suriname
Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, 1964a: 12, figs. 10-11. Type
locality: petit ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha
avec le Caño Yarina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du Canal de Puinahua (bras du Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: not researched.
Maximum length: 2.15 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon griemi Hoedeman, 1957
Hyphessobrycon griemi Hoedeman, 1957: 87, figs. 1-3. Type
locality: Gojas, Brasilien. Holotype: ZMA 101936a.
Hyphessobrycon flammeus guabirubae Godoy, 1987: 220, unnumbered fig. on p. 220. Type locality: lagoa entre Brusque e Guabiruba, SC [Brazil].
Maximum length: 2.57 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Eastern coastal rivers from São
Paulo to northern Santa Catarina States.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman et al. (1988) for comments
on the distribution.
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Hyphessobrycon guarani Mahnert & Géry, 1987
Hyphessobrycon guarani Mahnert & Géry, 1987: 307, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: Paraguay, dept. Alto Parana, Rio Alto Parana à
Puerto Bertoni (25°38 S, 54°40’W), dans um brás mort du
fleuve. Holotype: MHNG 2366.99.
Maximum length: 3.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960
Hyphessobrycon hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 18, pl. 3 (fig. 4).
Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 989
[ex AFY 48170].
Maximum length: 1.88 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Autana River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon igneus Miquelarena, Menni, Lopez
& Casciotta, 1980
Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960a: 5, fig. 1. Type
locality: Ilha do Bananal, Goyaz-Brazil [Araguaia River basin,
Tocantins State]. Holotype: MNRJ 9207.
Maximum length: 2.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon igneus Miquelarena, Menni, Lopez & Casciotta,
1980: 237, fig. 1a. Type locality: Laguna frente a Escuela N°12,
camino Bella Vista-San Roque, Corrientes [Argentina]. Holotype: ILPLA 23-IX-80-7.
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913
Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941
Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913: 545, fig. 13. Type locality: Madeira River above Falls of Guajaramirim, approximately in
Lat. S. 10°47’S, Long. W. 65°23’W, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP
39230.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madeira River (only known from
type locality).
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 238) for
remarks on the taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941: 186, fig. 96. Type locality:
Forteleza, Ceará [= Fortaleza, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69579.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Fortaleza, Ceará State (only known
from type locality).
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon heliacus Moreira, Landim & Costa,
2002
Hyphessobrycon heliacus Moreira, Landim & Costa, 2002: 428,
fig. 1. Type locality: ribeirão Macuco (= córrego-Duas Bocas),
tributary of the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, 71.9 km north
from Sinop, município de Cláudia, at the BR-163 road in direction to Santarém, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, 55°19’W,
11°15’S. Holotype: MZUSP 52891.
Maximum length: 2.78 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River in the upper Tapajós basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann & Ogle,
1907)
Hemigrammus inconstans Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 17, fig. 4.
Type locality: Para (?), Brazil. Holotype: USNM 34591 [not
55652].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Pará (exact locality unknown).
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis Lima & Costa, 2001
Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis Lima & Costa, 2001: 234, fig. 1.
Type locality: Brazil: Estado da Bahia, small stream in Ilha de
Itaparica. Holotype: MZUSP 57539.
Maximum length: 3.84 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams in eastern Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938
Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961
Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961c: 29, fig. 4. Type
locality: Coxim on the Rio Taquary (Rio Paraguay Basin), State
of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 196089.
Maximum length: 3.23 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Neon-negro (Brazil)
Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938: 51. Type locality:
Loretogebiet am peruanischen Teil des Amazonas. Lectotype:
ZMH H59 [ex 17759 in part], designated by Ladiges et al. (1958:
157).
Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River.
Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon heteresthes (Ulrey, 1894)
Hyphessobrycon loweae Costa & Géry, 1994
Aphyocarax heteresthes Ulrey, 1894: 612. Type locality: Brazil.
Syntypes: CAS 76377 (4), SU 2161 (1). Species was also described as new in Ulrey (1895: 293).
Maximum length: 1.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Only known from type locality.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 125-126)
for comments.
Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey, 1894)
Tetragonopterus heterorhabdus Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality:
Brazil. Syntypes: CAS 44415 (9), CAS 44416 (6), SU 2174 (1).
Maximum length: 3.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Hyphessobrycon loweae Costa & Géry, 1994: 71, figs. 1-2. Type
locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, córrego Xavante, a tributary of rio Culuene, rio Xingú basin, 40 km S of Paranatinga,
15°01’S, 54°03’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12437.
Maximum length: 3.16 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Xingu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 236) for
taxonomical remarks.
Hyphessobrycon luetkenii (Boulenger, 1887)
Tetragonopterus luetkenii Boulenger, 1887b: 173. Type locality:
San Lorenzo, Rio Grande do Sul [Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
1885.2.3.78-80 (3), BMNH 1886.3.15.35-38 (4).
Maximum length: 6.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages and Uruguay
River basin in Rio Grande do Sul State; Paraíba do Sul River in
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Rio de Janeiro State; Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 242-243) for comments on taxonomy and ecology.
Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936
Hyphessobrycon micropterus (Eigenmann, 1915)
Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936: 22. Type locality: Mittelbrasilien. Holotype: ZMB (not found).
Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Central Brazil (exact locality unknown).
Countries: Brazil
Megalamphodus micropterus Eigenmann, 1915: 54, fig. 16; pl. 8
(fig. 1). Type locality: Lagoa do Porto [São Francisco River basin, Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 57916 [ex CM 6900a].
Maximum length: 2.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 232233; 1998: 129) for remarks on the taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann, 1915)
Megalamphodus megalopterus Eigenmann, 1915: 50, fig. 14; pl. 7.
Type locality: Caceres [=Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 57823 [ex CM 6806].
Megalamphodus rogoaguae Pearson, 1924: 33, pl. 10 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Lagoons, Lake Rogoagua [ca. 13°58’S, 66°53’W,
Beni, Bolivia]. Holotype: CAS 98917 [ex IU 17348].
Maximum length: 3.64 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay and Guaporé River
basins.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 231232; 1998: 126-129) for notes on the taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis, 1911: 157, pl. 3 (fig. 2).
Type locality: Alto da Serra, São Paulo [Brazil]. Holotype:
FMNH 54413 [ex CM 3035].
Maximum length: 3.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê River.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon melasemion Fowler, 1945
Hyphessobrycon melasemeion Fowler, 1945a: 57, fig. Type locality: Locality unknown (supposed to be the lower Amazon?). Holotype: ANSP 71584.
Maximum length: 3.88 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Unknown.
Countries: Brazil (?)
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234) for
taxonomical remarks.
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101.
Type locality: Lago do Maximo [near Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 20737.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Ringuelet, Miquelarena
& Menni, 1978
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Ringuelet, Miquelarena & Menni,
1978: 248, figs. 2-3. Type locality: Cantera sobre ruta provincial
N°15, 70 m al sur del canal Delgado, a 30 m del camino en dirección al Río de la Plata (Los Talas, Pcia. de Buenos Aires)
[Argentina]. Holotype: ILPLA 30.3.77.1.
Maximum length: 4.55 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Paraná River and coastal river
basins of Rio Grande do Sul State.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 233. Type
locality: Barrigona, Río Meta [Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 61751
[ex IU 13421].
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon milleri Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon compressus milleri Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908:
100. Type locality: Los Amates, Guatemala [Zacapa, Río Motagua drainage, 15°16’N, 89°6’W]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Maximum length: 2.92 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Motagua River basin.
Countries: Guatemala
Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909: 68. Type locality: Cane
Grove Corner [mouth of the Mahaica River, Guyana]. Holotype:
FMNH 52794 [ex CM 1193].
Maximum length: 2.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Mahaica River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909: 65. Type locality: Konawaruk [Konawaruk River, tributary of the Essequibo River, approx.
6°42’N, 58°54’W, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52789 [ex CM
1189] (missing).
Maximum length: 3.12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 229) for
notes on taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima & Costa,
2002
Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima & Costa, 2002: 74, fig.
1. Type locality: Brazil: Tocantins: município de Araguaçú, farm
Praia Alta 2, Araguaçú to Barreira do Piqui road, 27 km N from
Araguaçú, pool behind farm’s house, rio Água Fria basin,
12°42’S 49°55’W. Holotype: MZUSP 67466.
Maximum length: 2.88 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia-Tocantins River and upper
Tapajós River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon mutabilis Costa & Géry, 1994
Hyphessobrycon mutabilis Costa & Géry, 1994: 74, figs. 6-7. Type
locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, tributary of rio Sete de
Setembro, rio Xingu basin, 107 km SW of Canarana, 13°51’S,
52°40’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12438.
Maximum length: 2.69 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Xingu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon negodagua Lima & Gerhard, 2001
Hyphessobrycon negodagua Lima & Gerhard, 2001: 106, fig. 1.
Type locality: Brazil: Bahia; município de Iraquara, rio Pratinha
at fazenda Pratinha, 12°21’13’’S 41°32’51’’W. Holotype:
MZUSP 53989.
Maximum length: 2.82 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguaçú River basin.
Countries: Brazil
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Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908: 101.
Type locality: Panama Boqueron River, Panama. Syntypes: MCZ
20688 (5), USNM 120416 (1).
Hemigrammus minutus Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 67. Type locality: Rio Agua Clara, C.Z., Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7572
(missing).
Hyphessobrycon panamensis daguae Eigenmann, 1922: 141. Type
locality: Dagua and Patia Basins [Colombia]. Syntypes: FMNH
?56516 (1), FMNH 56526-56529 (1,2,2,2), FMNH 58316 (2).
Maximum length: 4.41 cm SL
Distribution: South and Central America: Atlantic slope of southern Costa Rica; atlantic coastal streams of Panama; San Juan,
Atrato, Dagua, and Patia Rivers, and around the mouth of the
Magdalena River; Esmeraldas River.
Countries: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 227229) for notes on taxonomy, and Kramer (1978) for observations
on reproduction.
Hyphessobrycon parvellus Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon parvellus Ellis, 1911: 153, pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Alagoinhas, Rio Catú [Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH
54392 [ex CM 3011].
Maximum length: 2.16 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Catu and Itapicuru Rivers in northeastern Bahia.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Lima & Gerhard (2001: 110-111) for
comments on the taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938
Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938: 50. Type locality: der
peruanische Teil des Amazonenstromes zwischen Tabatinga und
Iquitos angegeben. Lectotype: ZMH H60 [ex 17758 in part].
Maximum length: 2.81 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler, 1941
Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler, 1941: 187, fig. 97. Type locality: Forteleza, Ceará [=Fortaleza, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP
69580.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Fortaleza, Ceará (only known from
type locality).
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See notes on the type material by Géry
(1972: 8-9).
Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, 1913
Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, 1913: 29. Type locality:
Cali [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56290 [ex CM 5091].
Maximum length: 6.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Hyphessobrycon procerus Mahnert & Géry, 1987
Hyphessobrycon procerus Mahnert & Géry, 1987: 311, figs. 3-4.
Type locality: Paraguay, dept. Caaguazu, Rio Guyrau-gua à Ltr.
Juan M. Frutos. Holotype: MHNG 2385.68.
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guyrau-gua River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, 1913
Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, 1913: 28. Type locality:
Quibdo [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56293 [ex CM 5094].
Maximum length: 7.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Atrato, Sinú, and lower portions of
Magdalena River basins.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: Generally considered a synonym of
Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann & Ogle), see Eigenmann (1918: 199), but probably a valid species.
Common names: Galocha (Colombia), Sardinita (Colombia)
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis Ahl, 1937
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis Ahl, 1937a: 235. Type locality:
vermutlich Amazonas [Brasil]. Holotype: ZMB 20849 (male).
Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1980a) for a redescription, and
Burt et al. (1988) for comments on the reproduction.
Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993
Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993: 157, figs. Type
locality: Rio Erere, a tributary to the Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 45714.
Maximum length: 4.54 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for
general comments.
Hyphessobrycon pytai Géry & Mahnert, 1993
Hyphessobrycon pytai Géry & Mahnert, 1993: 33, fig. 1. Type
locality: Paraguay, Caaguazu: petit affluent du Rio Güyraugua
sur la route Asuncion-Cde del Este, près de Juan Frutos, bassin
du Rio Monday (Parana). Holotype: MHNG 2543.86.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Güyraugua River basin (only known
from type locality).
Countries: Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Ellis, 1911: 153, pl. 2 (fig. 2). Type
locality: Campos [Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].
Holotype: FMNH 54397 [ex CM 3018].
Maximum length: 4.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages from Rio de
Janeiro to northern Santa Catarina States.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Possibly a junior synonym of Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Malabarba, 1989: 135).
Hyphessobrycon robustulus (Cope, 1870)
Hemigrammus robustulus Cope, 1870: 561. Type locality: Pebas,
Equador [actually Peru]. Syntypes: ANSP 8037 (1), ANSP 80388052 (15).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: Holotype redescribed and figured by
Fowler (1906: 335-336).
Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, 1909: 67. Type locality: Gluck
I., Essequibo R., Guyana (a river island at ca 6°00’ to 6°05’N,
58°36’W). Holotype: FMNH 52791 [ex CM 1190].
Hyphessobrycon ornatus Ahl, 1934: 238, figs. Type locality: Pará,
Brazil [probably in error for Guyana]. Syntypes: ZMB 20781 (1
or 3), ZMB 20805 (7).
Cheirodon troemneri Fowler, 1942: 1. Type locality: Aquarium
fish without locality, thought to have been obtained in Brazil.
Holotype: lost (Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a: 234).
Maximum length: 3.42 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo, Corantijn and Suriname
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River basins.
Countries: Guyana, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 229231; 1997b) for notes on taxonomy. See Weitzman & Palmer
(1997a: 233-234) for possible synonymy of C. troemneri.
Comté, Approuague and Oiapock River basins.
Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 336-337) and
Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 235) for notes on taxonomy, biology and distribution.
Hyphessobrycon roseus (Géry, 1960)
Hyphessobrycon socolofi Weitzman, 1977
Megalamphodus roseus Géry, 1960b: 26, pl. 2 (fig. 3); figs. 10-11.
Type locality: criques near Gaa Kaba, Maroni [French Guiana].
Holotype: SMF 4784.
Maximum length: 1.93 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Oyapock River basins.
Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 332-333) and
Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 131) for notes on taxonomy, biology
and distribution.
Hyphessobrycon socolofi Weitzman, 1977a: 327, fgs. 1-3. Type
locality: Brazil, State of Amazonas, Rio Negro, Barcelos
(62°57’W, 0°58’S). Holotype: MZUSP 13181.
Maximum length: 5.63 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for
general comments.
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Schultz, 1944: 350, fig. 53. Type
locality: Ciénaga del Guanavana, about 10 km. north of Sinamaica, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121534.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry, 1964c: 46, fig. 11. Type locality:
About 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta drainage. Holotype: USNM 198647.
Maximum length: 23 mm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Hyphessobrycon santae (Eigenmann, 1907)
Hemigrammus santae Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 16.
Type locality: Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas
Gerais, Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 55652.
Tetragonopterus rivularis var. interrupta Lütken, 1875b: 215.
Name not available, published in the synonymy of Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken. Also a junior homonym of Tetragonopterus
interruptus Jenyns.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm TL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon savagei Bussing, 1967
Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Schultz, 1944
Hyphessobrycon stegemanni Géry, 1961
Hyphessobrycon stegemanni Géry, 1961b: 7, fig. 1. Type locality:
originally savannahs of northeastern Brazil, between the lower
Rio Tocantins and the rio Capim corrected to Brazil, Estado do
Tocantins... município de Itacajá, between rio Manoel Alves Pequeno and rio Vermelho, rio Tocantins basin, approx. 8°19’S,
47°25’W (Lima & Géry, 2001: 96). Holotype: USNM 195942.
Maximum length: 3.12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Lima & Géry (2001) for the correction of the type locality, and Seegers & Géry (1989) for notes on
distribution.
Hyphessobrycon savagei Bussing, 1967: 215, fig. 2. Type locality:
Puntarenas: Río Ceibo (260 m) at IH [=Interamerican Highway],
4 km NW of Buenos Aires turnoff [Costa Rica]. Holotype:
LACM 9237-1.
Maximum length: 3.72 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Pacific drainages between Jicote
River near Parrita and Esquinas River basin.
Countries: Costa Rica
Hyphessobrycon stramineus Durbin, 1918
Hyphessobrycon schauenseei Fowler, 1926
Megalamphodus sweglesi Géry, 1961c: 36, fig. 7. Type locality:
Surroundings of Leticia, Upper Amazon, corrected to Río Muco
and upper Meta (Géry, 1966c: 232) [Orinoco River basin, Colombia]. Holotype: USNM 196090.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: Taphorn (1992: 239) suggested that H.
sweglesi could be a synonym of H. bentosi. However, see
Weitzman & Palmer (1997d; 1998: 131).
Hyphessobrycon schauenseei Fowler, 1926: 254, fig. Type locality: Rio Inhangpy, Pará, Brazil [ = Inhangapi River]. Holotype:
ANSP 90878.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Inhangapi River basin (only known
from type locality).
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, 1937
Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, 1937b: 445. Type locality: Amazonas bei Para [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 20798, designated by
Zarske & Géry (1995: 116).
Maximum length: 4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon simulatus (Géry, 1960)
Pseudopristella simulata Géry, 1960b: 18, pl. 2 (fig. 1); figs. 3-4.
Type locality: Kourou River (coast) [French Guyana]. Holotype:
SMF 4786.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Sinnamary, Kourou,
Hyphessobrycon stramineus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 190.
Type locality: Tabatinga [Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20772.
Maximum length: 3.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon sweglesi (Géry, 1961)
Hyphessobrycon takasei Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon takasei Géry, 1964d: 15, fig. 2. Type locality:
Serra do Navio above Macapa, Amapa Territorio, lower Amazon
basin [Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 198138.
Maximum length: 3.02 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguari and Oyapock River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 290-291) for
notes on taxonomy, ecology, and distribution.
Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis, 1911
Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis, 1911: 151 [footnote], pl. 1
140
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
(fig. 4). Type locality: Serrinha Paraná, Rio Iguassú [=Iguaçu
River, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54389 [ex CM 3007].
Maximum length: 5.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Iguaçú River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Lima & Gerhard (2001: 159) for
notes on taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon tenuis Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon tenuis Géry, 1964a: 10, fig. 8. Type locality: petit
ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha avec le Caño Yarina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du canal de Puinahua
(bras du bas Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: not researched.
Maximum length: 2.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon werneri Géry & Uj, 1987a: 546, fig. Unnumb.
p.546. Type locality: Estado do Para, Brasilien, Einzugsgebiet
des Rio Guama, Waldbach zwischen Santa Maria do Para und
Sao Miguel do Guama, etwa 120 Kilometer von Belem (Para) auf
der strasse BR 010. Holotype: MZUSP 42365.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guamá River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 215,
222) for notes on taxonomy.
HYPOBRYCON
Hypobrycon Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994: 20. Type species:
Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994. Type by
original designation. Gender: masculine.
Hypobrycon leptorhynchus Silva & Malabarba, 1996
Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Böhlke, 1958
Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Böhlke, 1958a: 173, fig. 1. Type
locality: Tortuguero River (Lagoon) at Tortuguero, 2 miles from
ocean inlet, Costa Rica. Holotype: UF 5741.
Maximum length: 3.9 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Atlantic versant between the Patuca
River in Honduras and rivers San Juan and Tortuguero in northern Costa Rica.
Countries: Costa Rica, Honduras
Hypobrycon leptorhynchus Silva & Malabarba, 1996: 46, fig. 1.
Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: Campos Novos: rio Ibicuí,
about 10 km from its mouth in the rio Canoas, rio Uruguai drainage, near the Celulose Iguaçu pulp mill plant (approx. 27°33’S,
51°12’W). Holotype: MCP 18862.
Maximum length: 4.76 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon tropis Géry, 1963
Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994
Hyphessobrycon tropis Géry, 1963b: 57, fig. 5. Type locality:
Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Brazil]. Holotype: USNM
198639 [ex Géry coll. M.336,1].
Maximum length: 2.13 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, 1965
Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994: 20, fig. 2.
Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: rio das Marombas, under
Irineu Bornhausen bridge, on the old road to Campos Novos (approx. 27°11’S, 50°38’W). Holotype: MCP 15757.
Maximum length: 4.84 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta & Cione, 2001
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, 1965c: 25, pl. 4 (fig. 12). Type
locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près
de Belem, à environ 60 km em aval de Leticia [Solimões River,
Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7209.
Maximum length: 2.06 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Cione, 2001:
35, fig. 1. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Municipio Leandro N. Alem, arroyo Once Vueltas (27°38’S – 55°12’W), Uruguay basin. Holotype: MLP 9573.
Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis (Fowler, 1943)
INPAICHTHYS
Megalamphodus uruguayensis Fowler, 1943c: 313, fig. 2. Type
locality: Uruguay. Holotype: ANSP 70331.
Maximum length: 3.74 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Uruguay
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234;
1998: 129) for notes on taxonomy.
Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry, 1966
Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry, 1966b: 64, fig. 1. Type locality:
Upper Arinos-Juruena basin, Brazil. Holotype: Holotype: MHNG
2229.04.
Maximum length: 2.94 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon wajat Almiron & Casciotta, 1999
Hyphessobrycon wajat Almiron & Casciotta, 1999: 340, fig. 1.
Type locality: Argentina, Corrientes province, Laguna Brava
(58°44’W-27°33’S). Holotype: MLP 9321.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Argentina
Hyphessobrycon werneri Géry & Uj, 1987
Inpaichthys Géry & Junk, 1977: 417. Type species: Inpaichthys
kerri Géry & Junk, 1977. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Inpaichthys kerri Géry & Junk, 1977
Inpaichthys kerri Géry & Junk, 1977: 418, fig. 5. Type locality:
pequeno igarapé pertencente ao sistema do igarapé Queimada
(atualmente igarapé do Aeroporto), cerca de duas horas da Cidade de Humboldt (Núcleo Aripuanã), na futura estrada para Juruena, alto rio Aripuanã [Madeira River system, Mato Grosso,
Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 10408.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Aripuanã River, upper Madeira
River basin in Mato Grosso State.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Puxa-puxa (Brazil)
JUPIABA
Jupiaba Zanata, 1997: 102. Type species: Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997. Gender: feminine.
Jupiaba abramoides (Eigenmann, 1909)
Astyanax abramoides Eigenmann, 1909a: 21. Type locality: Tumatumari, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52863 [ex CM
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
1028].
Maximum length: 12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and coastal
dranages in the Guianas
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Jupiaba acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 1911)
Deuterodon acanthogaster Eigenmann, 1911b: 179, pl. 8 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Corumbá [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54748 [ex
CM 3395a].
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin in Brazil,
upper Tapajós and Tocantins River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba anteroides (Géry, 1965)
Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) anteroides Géry, 1965c: 16, pl. 1 (figs.
3-4). Type locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone
supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia,
Brazil. Holotype: SMF 7255.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Curuá-Una River
basins.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba apenina Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba apenima Zanata, 1997: 108, fig. 7. Type locality: Brasil.
Mato Grosso: Cachimbo, rio Peixoto de Azevedo. Holotype:
MZUSP 48458.
Distribution: South America: Peixoto de Azevedo and Noedori
River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba asymmetrica (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax asymmetricus Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type locality:
Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil].
?Astyanax asymmetricus colombiensis Fowler, 1945b: 97, fig. 2.
Type locality: Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71672. Provisional synonym.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Jupiaba atypindi Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba atypindi Zanata, 1997: 111, fig. 8. Type locality: Brasil.
Pará: (igarapé Jaramucu, afluente do rio Cuminá). Holotype:
MZUSP 17809.
Distribution: South America: Negro River and some of its tributaries: Uraricoera, Surumu, and Cuminá rivers.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba essequibensis (Eigenmann, 1909)
Astyanax essequibensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 17. Type locality:
Tumatumari, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53519
[ex CM 1018].
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Jupiaba keithi (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)
Astyanax keithi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 26, fig. 10; pl.
1c. Type locality: Maroni, Crique Balaté [French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1087.
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana
Jupiaba maroniensis (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail,
1996)
Astyanax maroniensis Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 17, pl.
2a. Type locality: Antecume Pata, village indien au confluent du
Litani et du Marouini, formateurs du Maroni [French Guiana].
Holotype: MNHN 1995-1091.
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana
Jupiaba meunieri (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)
Astyanax meunieri Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 21, pl. 2b.
Type locality: Approuague, Rivière Arataye au Saut Japigny
[French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1086.
Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana and
Suriname.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
Jupiaba minor (Travassos, 1964)
Deuterodon minor Travassos, 1964: 11, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Cachimbo - Cachimbo - Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo do Salto Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brasil]. Holotype:
MNRJ 9196.
Distribution: South America: Cachimbo River basin, Pará State.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba mucronata (Eigenmann, 1909)
Astyanax mucronatus Eigenmann, 1909a: 19. Type locality: Tumatumari above fall [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53520 [ex CM
1025].
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Guyana.
Countries: Guyana
Jupiaba ocellata (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)
Astyanax ocellatus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 12, pl. 1a.
Type locality: Oyapock entre Saut Maripa et Camopi [French
Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1090.
Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers of northeastern South
America.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Jupiaba pinnata (Eigenmann, 1909)
Deuterodon pinnatus Eigenmann, 1909a: 25. Type locality: Amatuk, Lower Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53525 [ex
CM 1046].
Maximum length: 5.82 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Guyana and Suriname.
Countries: Guyana, Suriname
Jupiaba pirana Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba pirana Zanata, 1997: 114, fig. 9. Type locality: Brasil.
Pará: (rio Tapajós, igarapé Pimenta, Parque Nacional da
Amazônia). Holotype: MZUSP 25389.
Maximum length: 4.35 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba polylepis (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus polylepis Günther, 1864: 320. Type locality:
British Guiana. Holotype: BMNH 1845.3.5.33.
Maximum length: 6.12 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paru de Oeste, Xingu, Tocantins, and
Araguaia River basins and coastal rivers in Suriname and Guyana.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997: 115, fig. 10. Type locality: Brasil.
Mato Grosso: Diamantino (rio Arinos, riacho Monjolinho). Holotype: MZUSP 45324.
Maximum length: 7.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Peixoto de Azevedo and Arinos
River basins in Tapajós River drainage.
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Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba potaroensis (Eigenmann, 1909)
Astyanax potaroensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 22. Type locality: Amatuk Cataract, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52695
[ex CM 1037].
Maximum length: 4.64 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Jupiaba scologaster (Weitzman & Vari, 1986)
Astyanax scologaster Weitzman & Vari, 1986: 709, figs. 1, 3.
Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, lower
portion of Caño Manu, which drains into the Casiquiare about
250 m upstream of Solano (approx. 02°00’N, 66°57’W). Holotype: MBUCV V-15249.
Maximum length: 3.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and Orinoco River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Jupiaba yarina Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba yarina Zanata, 1997: 119, fig. 11. Type locality: Brasil.
Mato Grosso: (rio Arinos, riacho Monjolinho). Holotype:
MZUSP 45323.
Maximum length: 7.73 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Arinos River basin in Tapajós River
drainage.
Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba zonata (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax zonatus Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga
[Amazonas, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 89560 (1 of 2).
Maximum length: 4.71 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Negro River
basins.
Countries: Brazil
KNODUS
Knodus Eigenmann, 1911a: 216. Type species: Knodus meridae
Eigenmann, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Also
appeared as new genus in Eigenmann (1918: 114) but with type
given as Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann.
Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann, 1908)
Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Goyaz [Goiás, Tocantins or Paraná River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20692 (20, USNM 120274 [ex MCZ 20692]
(4).
Maximum length: 8.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Piaba (Brazil)
Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945
Knodus delta Géry, 1972a: 56, pl. 3 (fig. 2). Type locality: Ruisseau près de Puerto Napo, haut Río Napo [Ecuador]. Holotype:
ZMH H1473.
Maximum length: 3.61 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Knodus gamma Géry, 1972
Knodus gamma Géry, 1972a: 52, pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Río
Villano, affluent du rio Cururay [Ecuador]. Holotype: ZMH
H1861.
Maximum length: 4.84 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann, 1908)
Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 89966 [ex MCZ
20862a] (34), USNM 120247 [ex MCZ 20862a] (6).
Maximum length: 5.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Knodus hypopterus (Fowler, 1943)
Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler, 1943a: 242, fig. 20. Type
locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
70505.
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Knodus megalops Myers, 1929
Knodus megalops Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 527. Type
locality: Rio Pichis, Puerto Bermudez
[Peru]. Holotype: CAS 61845 [ex IU 17668].
Maximum length: 5.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River River basin.
Countries: Peru
Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911
Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911b: 216. Type locality: Merida,
Venezuela. Holotype: BMNH 1911.5.29.148.
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Knodus mizquae (Fowler, 1943)
Astyanax mizquae Fowler, 1943e: 4, fig. 3. Type locality: Ele Ele,
5000 feet elevation, Río Mizque, Department of Cochabamba,
Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69176.
Distribution: South America: Bolivia (?).
Countries: Bolivia
Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)
Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945b: 94, fig. 1. Type locality: Morelia,
Rio Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71670.
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Caquetá River basins.
Countries: Colombia
Poecilurichthys moenkhausii Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 522.
Type locality: a brook near Arroyo Trementina [Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 55102 [ex IU 10001].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Paraguay, Peru
Knodus chapadae (Fowler, 1906)
Knodus orteguasae (Fowler, 1943)
Astyanax chapadae Fowler, 1906: 349, fig. 33. Type locality: Near
Santa Anna da Chapada, in Matto Grosso, Brazil, from the headwaters of the Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 21828.
Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 240, fig. 19. Type
locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
70504.
Distribution: South America: Caquetá River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Knodus delta Géry, 1972
Knodus savannensis Géry, 1961c: 26, fig. 1. Type locality: savan-
Knodus savannensis Géry, 1961
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nahs of northeastern Brazil, between the lower Rio Tocantins and
the rio Capim [Brazil], corrected to “Brazil, Estado do Tocantins.. município de Itacajá, between rio Manoel Alves Pequeno
and rio Vermelho, rio Tocantins basin, approx. 8°19’S, 47°25’W
or Brasil, estado do Tocantins, rio Javaés, Ilha do Bananal, approx. 11° S, 51° W” by Lima & Géry (2001: 96). Holotype:
USNM 196088.
Maximum length: 3.37 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Countries: Brazil
LIGNOBRYCON
Lignobrycon Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 513. Type species: Tetragonopterus ligniticus Woodward, 1898. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. Type is a fossil species.
Moojenichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1956: 546. Type species: Moojenichthys myersi Miranda Ribeiro, 1956. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Lignobrycon myersi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1956)
Knodus septentrionalis Géry, 1972
Knodus victoriae septentrionalis Géry, 1972a: 49, pl. 2, fig. 1.
Type locality: rio Capotazo, affluent du haut rio Paztaza [Ecuador]. Holotype: ZMH 2261.
Maximum length: 5.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Pastaza River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Knodus smithi (Fowler, 1913)
Bryconamericus smithi Fowler, 1913: 557, fig. 18. Type locality:
Tributary of the Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39293.
Bryconamericus jacunda Fowler, 1913: 555, fig. 17. Type locality:
Madeira River, about 200 miles east of W. Long. 62°20’, Brazil.
Holotype: ANSP 39292.
Maximum length: 3.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil
Knodus victoriae (Steindachner, 1907)
Tetragonopterus victoriae Steindachner, 1907: 83. Type locality:
einem kleinen Bache nächst seiner Mündung in den Parnahyba
bei dem Städtchen Victoria [Maranhão, Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57823-25 (16, 13, 18).
Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Moojenichthys myersi Miranda Ribeiro, 1956: 546, fig. Type
locality: Rio Braço, Ilhéos [Ilhéus], Bahia, Brazil. Holotype:
MNRJ 4127.
Maximum length: 8.48 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Do Braço River basin in Bahia State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Castro & Vari (1990) for redescription and comments on relationships.
Common names: Canivete (Brazil), Mossarupè (Brazil), Piabafaca (Brazil)
MARKIANA
Markiana Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopterus
nigripinnis Perugia, 1891. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Markiana geayi (Pellegrin, 1908)
Tetragonopterus (Markiana) nigripinnis geayi Pellegrin, 1908:
347. Type locality: Río Apuré (Vénézuéla) [Orinoco River basin]. Holotype: MNHN 98-17.
Maximum length: 10.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 123) for key.
Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia, 1891)
LEPTAGONIATES
Leptagoniates Boulenger, 1887a: 281. Type species: Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887a. Type by monotypy.
Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 229) for comments.
Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978
Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978: 185, fig. 1. Type locality: Bolivia,
Río Mamoré, 10 km west of San Pedro, lagoons communicating
with river. Holotype: AMNH 35952.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887
Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887a: 282, pl. 23, fig. 3.
Type locality: Sarayacu [eastern Ecuador]. Holotype: BMNH
1880.12.5.252.
Maximum length: 7.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
LEPTOBRYCON
Leptobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 46. Type species: Leptobrycon
jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 230) for comments.
Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915
Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915: 46, pl. 6 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Jatuarana [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20952.
Maximum length: 2.9 cm
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Tetragonopterus nigripinnis Perugia, 1891: 643. Type locality: Rio
della Plata [Argentina]. Syntypes: MSNG 9222 (3).
Maximum length: 10.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay, and Mamoré River
basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 123) for key.
Common names: Lambari-campo (Brazil), Sardina (Bolivia)
MICROGENYS
Microgenys Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type species: Microgenys
minutus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Microgenys lativirgata Pearson, 1927
Microgenys lativirgatus Pearson, in Eigenmann, 1927: 355. Type
locality: Rio Pusoc, above Balsas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 47171
[ex IU 17642].
Maximum length: 7.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: see Eigenmann (1927: 354) for a comparison with M. minuta (in key).
Common names: Mojarrita (Peru)
Microgenys minuta Eigenmann, 1913
Microgenys minutus Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type locality: Piedra
Moler [upper Cauca basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56215
[ex CM 5007].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin.
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Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: see Eigenmann (1927: 354) for a redescription, figure and comparison with M. lativirgata.
Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, 1945
Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, 1945c: 3, fig. 4. Type locality:
Ninabamba near Ayacucho, at 1900 meters elevation, Rio Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 71627.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Peru
Remarks and references: possibly a junior synonym of Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson, 1924), as suggested by Géry (1977: 398).
Common names: Mojarrita (Peru)
MICROSCHEMOBRYCON
Microschemobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 56. Type species: Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original
designation. Gender: masculine. See reviews by Böhlke (1953)
and Géry (1973).
Microschemobrycon melanotus (Eigenmann, 1912)
Aphyocharax melanotus Eigenmann, 1912b: 312. Type locality:
Rockstone sand-bank [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype:
FMNH 53578.
Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Negro River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana.
Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975
Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975: 217, fig. 1. Type
locality: Rio Xeriuini, Brasilien. Holotype: SMF 12271.
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Branco River basin.
Countries: Brazil
MIXOBRYCON
Mixobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 62. Type species: Cheirodon ribeiroi Eigenmann, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine. See Malabarba 1998: 231.
Mixobrycon ribeiroi (Eigenmann, 1907)
Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953
Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953b: 846, pl. 20 (fig. 2).
Type locality: Rio Negro at Camanaos Rapids, Brazil... Camanaos is just down river from São Gabriel, at approximatly
0°10’North Latitude, 66°55’West Longitude. Holotype: SU
17491.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro, Orinoco, and Paru do Oeste
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Cheirodon ribeiroi Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 9.
Type locality: Puerto Max, Paraguay Basin. Holotype: CAS
59778 [ex IU 10229].
Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Malabarba (1998: 231) for comments
on type specimen. Described in more detail by Eigenmann (1915:
62-64, pl. 10, fig. 2).
Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953
MOENKHAUSIA
Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953b: 843, pl. 20 (fig. 1).
Type locality: São Gabriel Rapids of the Rio Negro, Brazil,
shortly down river from 0°08’03”South Latitude, 67°03’28”West
Longitude, where the village of São Gabriel is situated. Holotype: SU 17497.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro, Casiquiare, and Madeira
Rivers basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882. Type by original designation.
Gender: feminine.
Opisthanodus Ahl, 1935: 46. Type species: Opisthanodus haerteli
Ahl, 1935. Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.
Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973
Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973: 97, fig. 9. Type locality: Rio Suiazinho (rio Xingù basin)... place North-West of Base
Camp, which is 256 km North of Xavantina by road, 12°49’S,
51°46’W [Brazil]. Holotype: BMNH 1972.11.15.1.
Maximum length: 2.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973
Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973: 93, fig. 7. Type locality:
Igarapé about 35 km N.-W. from Obidos, rio Curuçamba drainage, lower Amazon basin [Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG 2229.09
[ex Géry coll. 0672].
Maximum length: 2.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915
Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915: 56, pl. 8 (fig.
2). Type locality: Maciél, Rio Guaporé [Madeira River basin,
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 57926 [ex CM 6910a].
Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guapore River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915
Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915b: 348. Type locality:
Mündung des Rio Negro. Syntypes: NMW (3)
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965c: 14, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60km en aval de Leticia. Holotype: SMF 7238.
Maximum length: 6.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler, 1907)
Astyanax atahualpianus Fowler, 1907: 436, fig. 36. Type locality:
Near Pebas, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 21435.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality: Villa
Bella [now Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20708
(2).
Maximum length: 6.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner, 1882)
Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909a: 13. Type locality: Aruataima Falls, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52732 [ex
CM].
Maximum length: 8.2 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin.
Countries: Guyana
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Tetragonopterus copei Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Santarem [Brazil, Pará, Santarém and environs, 2°26’S,
54°51’W]. Syntypes (several): ?MCZ 89960 (30) Obidos; NMW
57383 (5).
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins.
Cuntries: Brazil, Venezuela.
Rmarks and references: See notes on taxonomy and ecology by
Taphorn (1992: 269-270).
Common names: bobita, sardinita (Venezuela).
Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner, 1907)
Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type locality: Lake
Hyanuary [= Paraná do Janauari, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype:
MCZ 49161.
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
Tetragonopterus costae Steindachner, 1907: 84. Type locality: Rio
San Francisco, Rio grande do Norte und Rio Preto bei Joazeiro,
Barra, Sa Rita [Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 1907-178 [ex NMW]
(4); MZUT 1682 (3); NMW 57391-98 (8?), NMW 57401-06
(6?), NMW 57408-09 (2?), NMW 57411 (1).
Maximum length: 5.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Sao Francisco and Itapicuru River
basins.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See redescription and figures by Eigenmann (1917: 93-95, pl. 14, fig. 2) and Britski et al. (1984: 46,
fig.35). See Géry (1977: 446) for identification key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus chrysargyreus Günther, 1864: 328. Type locality:
Essequibo [Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.69.
Moenkhausia chrysargyrea leucopomis Fowler, 1914: 244, fig. 7.
Type locality: Rupununi River, British Guyana. Holotype: ANSP
39330.
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guianas coastal rivers and Amazon
River basin.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 75, pl. 6, fig. 3)
for a detailed redescription. Notes on taxonomy and ecology by
Taphorn (1992: 266) and Planquette et al. (1996: 294). See Géry
(1977: 446) for identification key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru), Sardinita (Ecuador), Palometa Aro de Oro (Venezuela),
Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus collettii Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Rio Hyavary. Obidos [Javari River, tributary of Solimões River
at the Brazilian-border, c. 4°21’S, 70°02’W; Brazil, Pará, Amazon River at Óbidos, 1°52’S, 55°30’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20483
(42) Obidos, ? MCZ 90154 [ex MCZ 20480a] (3) Obidos; NMW
57379-82 (3, 3, 2, 5).
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin from Peru to the
Guianas.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari (Brazil), Mojara
(Peru), Sardinita (Ecuador)
Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Cudajas [Solimões River at Codajás, near Ilha Codajás, Amazonas,
Brazil, 3°55’S, 62°0’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20972 (2). Eigenmann
(1917: 77) writes “One specimen 20972 part Type 77 mm”, but
this does not constitute a lectotype designation.
Maximum length: 7.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type locality: Para
[Belém and environs, Pará, Brazil, 1°27’S, 48°29’W]. Syntypes:
MCZ 21013 (2), MCZ 21070 (3).
Maximum length: 5.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Syntypes collected by Dr. Justa presumably from Brazil, Paraíba, rio Paraíba do Norte at João Pessoa,
7°6’S, 34°53’W, a locality outside the known range of the species. See Géry (1977: 446) for identification key.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari (Brazil), Mojara
(Peru)
Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, 1929
Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929:
524. Type locality: Paipay, Rio Crisnejas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS
60477 (24) (ex IU 17641).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Crisnejas River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858)
Tetragonopterus dichrourus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio
Guaporé...Caiçara...Rio Paraguay [Guaporé and Paraguay River
basins, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 56219 (4), NMW 57593 (2).
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraguay, and Orinoco
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key. Notes on taxonomy and ecology by Taphorn (1992: 272273).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Lambari-corintiano (Brazil),
Mojara (Peru), sardinita tijeras (Venezuela)
Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001
Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001: 1058, fig. 1.
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, rio Negro, igarapé at São João,
near Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 0º24’S; 65º02’W. Holotype:
MZUSP 62614
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Tuniupe (Tukano Indians in
upper rio Negro, Brazil), Tumuapé (Tuyuka Indians in upper rio
Negro, Brazil).
(fig. 2). Type locality: Surinam.
Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and coastal river
drainages of the Guianas.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Sardina (Ecuador), Weti fisa,
Sriba, Piki pilélou (French Guiana)
Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner, 1877)
Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann, 1917
Tetragonopterus doceanus Steindachner, 1877: 572. Type locality:
Rio Doce [eastern Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 1913-135 and 136
(2); NMW 57389 (2), NMW 57591 (2).
Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mucuri and Doce River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia lepidura hasemani Eigenmann, 1917: 102, pls. 15
(fig. 3), 101 (fig. 5). Type locality: Santarem [Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: FNNH 55055 [ex CM 3746].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Géry (1992: 73) for notes on taxonomy.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002
Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002b: 13, fig. 1. Type
locality: Bolivien, Departamento Beni, Río Ipurupuru, unweit der
Kreuzung des Flusses an der Strasse nach San Ramón, etwa
73km nördlich Trinidad (14°12’538”S, 64°56’268”W). Holotype: MTD F 24833.
Maximum length: 7.09 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Bolivia.
Countries: Bolivia
Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965b: 109, fig. 6. Type
locality: Weyne, Matoekasie creek, on the road Albina-Moengo,
Cottica River basin [Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA 104227.
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Suriname and
French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 302-303) for notes, ecology, and
distribution.
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964c: 30, fig. 5. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198640.
Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry, 1965b: 104, pl. 1 (fig. 3). Type
locality: between “Saut-Chien” and “Saut-Topi-Topi”, middle
Mana River, French Guiana. Holotype: ZMA 104223.
Maximum length: 6.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Sipaliwini, Maroni, Mana, Sinnamary, Comté, Approuagua, and Oyapock River basins.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key. See Planquette et al. (1996: 296-297) for notes on ecology,
taxonomy and distribution.
Moenkhausia gracilima (Eigenmann, 1908)
Moenkhausia lepidurus gracilimus Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type
locality: Villa Bella; Serpa [Amazon River at Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil, 2°38’S, 56°45’W; Brazil, Amazonas, Amazon River
at Itacoatiara, 3°06’S, 58°22’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20983 (now
13), USNM 120279 [ex MCZ 20983] (4).
Maximum length: 5.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Géry (1992: 71) for notes on taxonomy and distribution.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel,
1845)
Tetragonopterus grandisquamis Müller & Troschel, 1845: 27, pl. 8
Moenkhausia icae Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia lepidurus içae Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality:
Iça [Brazil, Amazonas, Içá River, tributary of Solimões River,
near the Brazilian-Colombian border, 3°07’S, 67°58’W]. Syntypes: MCZ MCZ 20810 (1, missing), MCZ 20812 (30).
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Solimões and Içá River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1992: 73) for notes on the
species.
Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992
Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992: 74, fig. 7. Type locality: “crique
Roche au-dessus du Saut Grand Canori, Approuague” [French
Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1992-0943.
Maximum length: 6.45 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Approuague River basins.
Countries: French Guiana
Common names: Pikili (French Guiana).
Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia dichrourus intermedius Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type
locality: Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20762
(2).
Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler, 1913: 540, fig. 11. Type
locality: Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39224.
Astyanax bipunctialbicaudalis Godoy, 1977: 666, fig. 7. Type
locality: Rio Mogi Guassu, Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga
(SP), mais ou menos 500 m abaixo da ponte. Holotype: EEBPPirassununga 8109.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, La Plata, Approuague, Maroni and Mana River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay,
Venezuela
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Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Lambari-corintiano (Brazil)
Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Iça;
Obidos; Lago do Maximo, Tajapuru [Brazil, Amazonas, Içá River, tributary of Solimões River, near the Brazilian-Colombian
border, 3°07’S, 67°58’W; Brazil, Pará, Amazon River at Óbidos,
1°52’S, 55°30’W; Lake Maximo, near Parintins, 2°40’S,
56°45’W, Amazonas, Brazil; Furo Tajapuru at Tajapuru, Ilha de
Marajó, 1°50’S, 50°25’W, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20734
(1), MCZ 20742 (1), MCZ 20816 (2), MCZ 20827 (1).
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 72-73, pl. 5, fig.
1) for a more detailed description and figure; See Géry (1977:
446) for identification key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Not
provided in the original description; Eigenmann (1917: 73) suggested “probably… neighborhood of Manaos”. Eschmeyer et al.
(1998: 822), based on undisclosed evidence, suggested Paraíba
do Norte River, João Pessoa, Paraíba. However, recent collections at João Pessoa and other sites in northeastern Brazil did not
reveal specimens which could be assigned to that species (R.S.
Rosa, H.A. Britski, pers. comm.). As a consequence, the typelocality should be still considered uncertain, but more probably
lies in Amazon basin in Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 21014.
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Very similar and doubtfully diagnosable
from M. jamesi (Eigenmann, 1917: 73; Géry, 1977: 447).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia lepidurus latus Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality: Rio Tapajos [Brazil, Pará, approx. 2°24’S, 54°51’W]. Syntypes: (many) CAS 42670 [ex IU 15259 & MCZ 20860] (5,
missing), MCZ 20860 (2), USNM 120278 [ex MCZ 20860] (4).
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós and Oyapock River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key. See Géry (1992: 72) and Planquette et al. (1996: 308-309)
for notes on the species.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Pilaki (French Guiana)
Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia latissimus Eigenmann, 1908: 101. Type locality:
Tabatinga [Brazil, Amazonas, Solimões River at Tabatinga and
environs, 4°14’S, 69°44’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20767 (9), MCZ
20769 (now 9), USNM 120277 [ex MCZ 20769] (3).
Maximum length: 9.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River near Tabatinga.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Sardina (Ecuador)
Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858)
Tetragonopterus lepidurus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio
Guaporé [Rondônia, Brazil; provided by Kner, 1859: 41]. Syntypes: presumably at NMW.
Knodus calliurus Ahl, 1931: 208, fig. 2. Type locality: Rio Capim
[Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 23684.
Maximum length: 8.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal rivers
in Guyana and Suriname.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1992) for taxonomic remarks
on the species; Taphorn (1992: 275-276) and Araújo-Lima et al.
(1986) for observations on diet and microhabitat preferences.
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002
Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002: 290, fig. 1. Type locality:
Brazil: State of Mato Grosso: Núcleo Aripuanã, igarapé do
Aeroporto, Furo Bahia, above cachoeira de Dardanelos (approximately 10°10’S 59°25’W). Holotype: INPA 16774.
Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil.
Moenkhausia lopezi Britski & Silimon, 2001
Moenkhausia lopezi Britski & Silimon, 2001: 113, fig. 2. Type
locality: Ribeirão Sozinho na rodovia BR 163, entre Rondonópolis e Coxim (aproximadamente 17°30’S 55°10’W), município de
Rondonópolis, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Holotype:
MZUSP 64480.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil.
Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992
Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992: 73, fig. 6. Type locality: Rio das
Mortes à Xavantina [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 44560.
Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry, 2001
Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry, 2001: 7, fig. 1. Type locality: Peru, Ucayali, Quebrada an der Straße Campo Verde - Nueva
Requena (etwa auf halber Strecke). Holotype: MTD F 17256.
Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann, 1907)
Astyanax megalops Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 29.
Type locality: Itaituba, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 71433 [ex IU
5192].
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal
rivers in French Guiana.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia melogrammus Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality:
Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20825.
Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922
Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922b: 234, pl. 34 (fig. 3). Type
locality: Barrigón, Río Meta [Orinoco System, Colombia]. Holo-
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type: CAS 55610 [ex IU 15026a].
Maximum length: 7.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 312-313) for notes.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari olho-de-fogo (Brazil), Mojara (Peru), Pequira (Brazil), Tetra de vidrio (Peru), Tetra
espejo (Peru)
Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915
Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 233, fig. 14. Type locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70496.
Maximum length: 7.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Orteguasa River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915a: 43, pl. 3 (fig. 5). Type
locality: aus dem Miang an der Grenze von Venezuela.
Maximum length: 8.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Branco and upper Caroni
River basins
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Lasso (1990: 222) for remarks on the species.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Curuku (Venezuela)
Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette & Le Bail,
1995
Moenkhausia moisae Gery, Planquette, & Le Bail, 1995: 67, fig. 2.
Type locality: Crique Blaté, Bas Maroni. Holotype: MNHN
1995-1073.
Maximum length: 9.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Mana River basins.
Countries: French Guiana
Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958
Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958b: 14, fig. 1. Type locality:
from headwaters of Río Arajuno [Ecuador, 1°24’ to 1°26’S,
77°50’ to 77°55’W]. Holotype: USNM 164067.
Maximum length: 5.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Sardinita (Ecuador)
Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943
Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther, 1868)
Tetragonopterus ovalis Günther, 1868: 480. Type locality: Xeberos [Peru]. Holotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.87.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979
Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979: 2, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, from the shores of an island “below Rio dos
Peixes”, Rio Arinos, Juruena-Tapajós drainage. Holotype:
MZUSP 13793.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920
Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964: 543, fig. 6-9. Type locality: Rio Cachimbo, Cachimbo, Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo do
Salto, Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brazil].
Holotype: MNRJ 9177.
Maximum length: 2.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Pará State.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920: 10, pl. 3. Type locality:
Concejo, Rio Tiquirito [Venezuela]. Holotype: CAS 62059 [ex
IU 15136].
Opisthanodus haerteli Ahl, 1935: 47. Type locality: Amazonas bei
Para [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 20793.
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lake Valencia basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key and Zarske & Géry (1995: 117) for synonymy.
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994
Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994
Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964
Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994: 22, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Estado do Mato Grosso, small stream, tributary to Rio
Cravari, near the road MT-170, about 10 km N of Campo Novo
do Parecis, rio Tapajós basin. Holotype: MNRJ 12429.
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus oligolepis Günther, 1864: 327. Type locality:
British Guyana. Holotype: BMNH 1969.12.19.2.
Tetragonopterus agassizii Steindachner, 1876b: 89, pl. 6, fig. 2.
Type locality: Amazonenstrom bei Tabatinga [Brazil]. Syntypes:
ZMUC 42 (1); NMW 57176-79 (2, 2, 3, 2).
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Venezuela, the Guianas and the
Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994: 25, figs. 3-4. Type locality: Brazil: Estado do Mato Grosso, stream crossing the road between Água Boa and Cocalinho, 13 km W of the point where the
road reaches rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin,
14°03’S, 51°47’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12431.
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari olho-de-fogo (Brazil)
Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964e: 21, fig. 1. Type locality: Upper Amazon region surrounding Iquitos [Peru]. Holotype: USNM
200427 [ex Géry coll. 398.1].
Maximum length: 4.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
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Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907)
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Tetragonopterus sanctae Filomenae Steindachner, 1907: 82. Type
locality: Lagune bei Sa. Filomena am Rio Parnahyba [Brazil].
Syntypes: NMW 57513 (5), NMW 57514 (7), NMW 57515 (2).
Moenkhausia australe Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality:
Arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina [Paraguay]. Syntypes:
Probably MCZ (2).
Maximum length: 7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Parnaíba, São Francisco, upper
Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari olho-de-fogo (Brazil), Pequira (Brazil)
Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner, 1882)
Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909a: 15. Type locality:
Bartica [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52961 [ex CM 1012].
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guyana (?).
Countries: Guyana
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann, 1924)
Astyanax simulatus Eigenmann in Pearson, 1924: 41. Type locality: Creek at Puerto Burmedez [Peru]. Syntypes: MCZ 31875 [ex
IU 16860] (2), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2), CAS 62100 [ex
IU 15860] (orig. 10, now 6), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2).
Maximum length: 7.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon, Pachitea, and Maroni River basins.
Countries: French Guiana, Peru, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 316-317) for record in French Guiana and Suriname.
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882a: 178. Type locality: Xingu [Xingu River, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW.
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Species later described in more detail by
Steindachner (1882b: 32). See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Species inquirendae
Moenkhausia tridentata Holly, 1929: 1. Type locality: Piquirão
(Amazonasgebiet) [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Moenkhausia lepidura ocoae Fowler, 1943a: 234, fig. 15. Type
locality: Rio Ocoá, Rio Meta basin, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
70497.
Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 13, pl. 2 (fig. 4).
Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 48166.
MONOTOCHEIRODON
Monotocheirodon Eigenmann & Pearson, in Pearson, 1924: 34.
Type species: Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924.
Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, in Pearson, 1924: 34, pl.
11, fig. 1. Type locality: Espia [Beni River basin, Bolivia]. Syntypes: (10) CAS 59792 [ex IU 15348] (7), UMMZ 66484 (4).
Additional original material: CAS 70832 [ex IU 17334] (3),
70833 [es IU 17333] (now 5), 70835 [ex IU 17335] (2).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm
Distribution: South America: Beni River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965
NEMATOBRYCON
Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965b: 102, fig. 2. Type locality:
Brownscreek, km 114 from Paramaribo on the Paramaribo-Dam
railroad, between Saramacca and Suriname River systems [Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA 104221.
Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Suriname, Saramacca, Oyapock,
Approuague, Comté, and Sinnamary River basins.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 314-315) for notes on the species.
Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964d: 13, fig. 1. Type locality: creek
close to Belem do Para, Rio Guama basin, lower Amazon [Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 198136.
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena, 1999
Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena, 1999: 232, fig. 1.
Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Minaçu: rio Tocantins, 3 km downstream of Serra da Mesa Dam, 13°50’51”S 48°16’60”. Holotype:
MCP 20560.
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Nematobrycon Eigenmann, 1911a: 215. Type species: Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. See Weitzman & Fink (1971: 57) for comments and discussion about species of this genus.
Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971: 59, fig. 1. Type
locality: Probably from Rio Calima, Colombia. Holotype: USNM
205594.
Maximum length: 3.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: San Juan River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Fink (1971: 57) for
detailed synonymy and Géry (1977: 386) for comments.
Common names: Rainbow tetra (USA)
Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911
Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911a: 215. Type locality:
Condoto, Rio Condoto, and Novita, Rio Tamana, S.W. Colombia
[restricted to Colombia, Condoto River, by Weitzman & Fink
(1971: 68)]. Lectotype: BMNH 1910.7.11.96, designated by
Weitzman & Fink (1971: 68).
Nematobrycon amphiloxus Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann,
Henn & Wilson, 1914: 13. Type locality: Boca de Raspadura
[Colombia]. Holotype: CM 5050 (apparently lost).
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Atrato and San Juan River basins.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Fink (1971) for detailed
synonymy and Géry (1977: 386) for comments.
Common names: Emperor tetra (USA)
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NEMATOCHARAX
Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864
Nematocharax Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986: 335. Type
species: Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski,
1986. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864: 353. Type locality: Brazil.
Lectotype: BMNH 1967.1.24.2.
Oligosarcus meadi Menezes, 1969: 31 fig. 21. Type locality:
União de Caeté, Minas Gerais, Río das Velhas basin. Holotype:
MZUSP 4618.
Maximum length: 10.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Doce and Das Velhas River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 22) for diagnosis.
Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes &
Britski, 1986
Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986: 336,
fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil; Minas Gerais, Município Medina,
Rio Jequitinhonha at Itaobim, about 16°40’S, 41°23’W. Holotype: MZUSP 5131.
Maximum length: 5.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin.
Countries: Brazil
ODONTOSTOECHUS
Odontostoechus Gomes, 1947: 7. Type species: Odontostoechus
lethostigmus Gomes, 1947. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Oligosarcus bolivianus (Fowler, 1940)
Acestrorhamphus bolivianus Fowler, 1940: 53, fig. 7. Type locality: Río Lipeo, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 68814.
Maximum length: 14.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Lipeo River in the Paraguay River
basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 26) for diagnosis.
Oligosarcus brevioris Menezes, 1987
Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes, 1947
Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes, 1947: 8, fig. 1; pl. 1 (fig. 1).
Type locality: backwater of Rio Maquiné, a tributary to Lagôa
dos Quadros, Conceiçao do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143272.
Maximum length: 6.65 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maquiné, Três Forquilhas and Mapituba River basins in southern Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See comments on possible relationships
in Malabarba (1998: 231-232).
OLIGOBRYCON
Oligobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 56. Type species: Oligobrycon
microstomus Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann, 1915
Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann, 1915: 57, fig. 17; pl. 9 (fig.
1). Type locality: Jacarehy, Rio Parahyba [Brazil]. Holotype:
FMNH 57913 [ex CM 6898].
Maximum length: 3.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper and middle Paraíba do Sul
River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Known only from type specimens.
Oligosarcus brevioris Menezes, 1987: 10, fig. 2. Type locality:
Arroio Cachoeirinha, bacia do Rio Pelotas, estrada Vacaria-Bom
Jesus, municipio de Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul (ca. 28°40’S,
50°40’W) [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 37508.
Maximum length: 16.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829)
Hydrocyon hepsetus Cuvier, 1829: 312. Type locality: Unknown.
No types known.
Maximum length: 23.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Southeastern Brazil and La Plata
River basin.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 31) for diagnosis.
Common names: Tajibucu (Brazil), Tambicu (Brazil)
Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864)
Oligosarcus Günther, 1864: 353. Type species: Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Acestrorhamphus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 527. Type species: Hydrocyon hepsetus Cuvier, 1816. Type by monotypy.
Gender: masculine.
Paroligosarcus Campos & Trewavas, 1949: 157. Type species:
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945. Type by monotypy. Gender:
masculine. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Oligosarcus.
Xiphorhamphus jenynsii Günther, 1864: 356. Type locality:
Freshwater Lake of Maldonado [Uruguay]. Types apparently not
preserved.
Xiphorhamphus brachycephalus Cope, 1894: 84, pl. 4. Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul [restricted to Laguna dos Patos system,
Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Lectotype: ANSP 21728, designated by Fowler (1907: 460).
Acestrorhamphus purpureus Messner, 1962: 1. Type loclity: Río
Olimar, near the mouth of Arroyo de las Piedras, Uruguay. Holotype: MNHN 79.
Maximum length: 22.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Streams, rivers and lagoons of coastal areas and interior plains of Rio Grande do Sul State, Uruguay
and Argentina.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 23) for diagnosis.
Common names: Branca (Brazil), Tambica (Brazil), Tambicu
(Brazil)
Oligosarcus acutirostris Menezes, 1987
Oligosarcus macrolepis (Steindachner, 1877)
Oligosarcus acutirostris Menezes, 1987: 15, fig. 3. Type locality:
Rio Itapemirim, Fazenda Boa Esperança, entre Pacotuba e Coutinho, Espirito Santo (aproximadamente 21°S, 41°W) [Brazil].
Holotype: MZUSP 37525.
Maximum length: 16 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Eastern coastal rivers between
Espírito Santo and Bahia States.
Countries: Brazil
Xiphorhamphus macrolepis Steindachner, 1877: 594. Type locality: Rio Jequitinhonha. Syntypes: not found at NMW.
Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 21) for diagnosis.
Common names: Tambicu (Brazil)
OLIGOSARCUS
Oligosarcus menezesi Miquelarena & Protogino, 1996
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Oligosarcus menezesi Miquelarena & Protogino, 1996: 112, fig.
Type locality: Arroyo Urugua-í, arriba de Salto de Uruguau-í, em
terrenos de la Cia. “Alto Parana” [Paraná River basin, Misiones,
Argentina]. Holotype: ILPLA 299.
Maximum length: 13.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Urugua-í creek, upper Paraná
River basin in Misiones.
Countries: Argentina
Remarks and references: See Miquelarena & Protogino (1996) for
detailed description.
Oligosarcus oligolepis (Steindachner, 1867)
Xiphoramphus oligolepis Steindachner, 1867: 339. Type locality:
Río de la Plata. Holotype: NMW.
Maximum length: 2.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay, lower Paraná, Uruguay
and La Plata River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 28) for diagnosis.
Bolivia. Holotype: ZSM 26095.
Maximum length: 8.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Chapare River basin and lagoons
near Cochabamba.
Countries: Bolivia
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 27) for diagnosis.
Oligosarcus solitarius Menezes, 1987
Oligosarcus solitarius Menezes, 1987: 6, fig. 1. Type locality:
Lagoa Carioca, Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerias, approximadamente (20°S, 43°W). Holotype: MZUSP 37377.
Maximum length: 16.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Doce River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Species inquirenda
Xiphorhamphus pericoptes Muller & Troschel, 1844: 93. Type
locality: Brasilia. No types known. Either a synonym of Oligosarcus hepsetus or Oligosarcus robustus (see Menezes, 1987:
32).
Oligosarcus paranensis Menezes & Géry, 1983
Oligosarcus paranensis Menezes & Géry, 1983: 572, fig. 3. Type
locality: Represa de Salesópolis (Tietê river system), State of São
Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 25721.
Maximum length: 20.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 27) for diagnosis.
Common names: Tambicu (Brazil)
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945: 456, fig. 9. Type locality: Rio
Mogi-Guaçu [upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 3465.
Hemibrycon marciae Godoy, 1971: 155, fig. 2. Type locality:
tanque da EEBP-Pirassununga (SP), bacia do Rio Mogi Guassa
[upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP
710.
Maximum length: 8.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 20) for diagnosis.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Oligosarcus planaltinae Menezes & Géry, 1983
Oligosarcus planaltinae Menezes & Géry, 1983: 564, fig. 1. Type
locality: Córrego Planaltina, a tributary of Rio São Bartolomeu
(Paraná river system) near Brasìlia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 26718 or 25718.
Maximum length: 9.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paranaíba River basin in Goiás State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 33) for diagnosis.
Oligosarcus robustus Menezes, 1969
Oligosarcus robustus Menezes, 1969: 26, fig. 18. Type locality:
Rio Caí in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Guaíba River
basin). Holotype: MZUSP 4917.
Maximum length: 22 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of Rio Grande do
Sul State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 30) for diagnosis.
Common names: Branca (Brazil), Tambica (Brazil), Tambicu
(Brazil)
Oligosarcus schindleri Menezes & Géry, 1983
Oligosarcus schindleri Menezes & Géry, 1983: 566, fig. 2. Type
locality: San Francisco de Chipiriri in a small tributary of the Río
Chapare (Rio Madeira basin), about 100 km east of Cochabamba,
OTHONOCHEIRODUS
Othonocheirodus Myers, 1927: 113. Type species: Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers, 1927. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers, 1927
Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers, 1927: 114. Type locality:
Peru: Rio Cayumba [tributary of Huallaga River]. Holotype: IU
17674.
Maximum length: 4.7 cm
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Remarks and references: See comments on possible relationships
in Malabarba (1998: 231-232).
OXYBRYCON
Oxybrycon Géry, 1964a: 15. Type species: Oxybrycon parvulus
Géry, 1964. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Oxybrycon parvulus Géry, 1964
Oxybrycon parvulus Géry, 1964a: 16, fig. 13. Type locality: petit
ruisseau faisant communiquer le <<Zapote Cocha>> avec le
<<Caño Yarina>>, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du canal
de Puinahua (bras du bas Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: unnumbered: not researched.
Maximum length: 1.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
PARACHEIRODON
Lamprocheirodon Géry, 1960a: 13. Type species: Cheirodon
axelrodi Schultz, 1956. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Paracheirodon Géry, 1960a: 12. Type species: Hyphessobrycon
innesi Myers, 1936. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. Phylogeny, species description and key in Weitzman &
Fink (1983).
Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956)
Cheirodon axelrodi Schultz, 1956: 42, unnumbered fig. Type
locality: near Porto Velho, Brazil; corrected in Weitzman & Fink
(1983) to “Brazil, Amazonas, stream near Tomar (=Thomar)
(0°25’S, 63°55’W), Rio Negro”. Holotype: USNM 164483.
Hyphessobrycon cardinalis Myers & Weitzman, 1956: 1. Type
locality: Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil [aquarium import]; corrected in Weitzman & Fink (1983) to “Brazil, Amazonas, rio
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Negro near Tomar (0°25’S, 63°55’W)”. Holotype: SU 48710.
Maximum length: 2.51 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco and Negro River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Synonym, redescription, figures and
discussion of type locality in Weitzman & Fink (1983)
Common names: Neon (Brazil, USA), Neon tetra (USA)
Paracheirodon innesi (Myers, 1936)
Hyphessobrycon innesi Myers, 1936: 97. Type locality: Peruvian
Amazon [Aquarium import]. Holotype: USNM 102109.
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Blackwater or clearwater streams
tributaries of the Solimões River.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Remarks and references: Redescribed and figured in Weitzman &
Fink (1983).
Paracheirodon simulans (Géry, 1963)
Hyphessobrycon simulans Géry, 1963a: 15, fig. 1. Type locality:
Rio Purus [Brazil] [corrected by Géry (1966: 231) to Rio Jufaris
(or Tupari), which empties into the Rio Negro just above Rio
Branco]. Holotype: USNM 197510 [ex Géry coll. M.332.1].
Maximum length: 2.02 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and Orinoco River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Redescribed and figured in Weitzman &
Fink (1983).
Common names: Neon (Brazil, USA), Neon tetra (USA)
PARAGONIATES
Paragoniates Steindachner, 1876b: 117. Type species: Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876b. Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann (1910: 441). Gender: masculine.
Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876
Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876b: 117, pl. 8 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Amazonenstrom bei Teffé [Brazil]. Holotype:
NMW 73544.
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Middle and upper Amazon and
Orinoco River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 289-290) for remarks
on the species.
Species inquirenda
Paragoniates muelleri Steindachner, 1876b: 120. Type locality:
Amazonenstrom bei Obidos [Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 56535.
PARAPRISTELLA
Parapristella Géry, 1964c: 41. Type species: Pristella aubynei
Eigenmann, 1909a. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Parapristella aubynei (Eigenmann, 1909)
Pristella aubynei Eigenmann, 1909a: 24. Type locality: Lama
Stop-off [coastal basin, about twenty-five miles east of Georgetown, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52698 [ex CM 1042].
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of Guyana.
Countries: Guyana
Remarks and references: Valid as Parapristella aubynei according
to Géry (1964c: 41). See Géry (1977: 487) for comments.
Parapristella georgiae Géry, 1964
Parapristella georgiae Géry, 1964c: 44, fig. 9. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198641.
Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Meta and Aguaro River basins.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 487) and Taphorn
(1992: 292-293) for remarks on the species.
Common names: Plain Jane (USA)
PARECBASIS
Parecbasis Eigenmann, 1914: 45. Type species: Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, 1914
Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, 1914: 45. Type locality: San
Antonio, de Rio Madeira [Rondônia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH
56677 [ex CM 5495].
Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madeira-Mamoré River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
PETITELLA
Petitella Géry & Boutière, 1964: 474. Type species: Petitella
georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964. Type by original designation.
Gender: feminine.
Petitella georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964
Petitella georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964: 474, fig. 1. Type locality: village de Lagunas, bas Rio Huallaga, Loreto District, Pérou.
Holotype: MHNG 2150.28.
Maximum length: 3.86 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Peru;
Purus, Negro, and Madeira River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry & Mahnert (1986) for remarks
on taxonomy and distribution.
PHENAGONIATES
Phenagoniates Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Wilson, 1914: 2. Type species: Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann, 1914. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Phenagoniates macrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand,
1913)
Roeboides macrolepis Meek & Hildebrand, 1913: 84. Type locality: Rio Cupe, Boca de Cupe, Panama [Tuira River basin]. Holotype: FMNH 7590.
Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 2. Type locality: Manigru [Colombia]. Holotype:
FMNH 56540 [ex CM 5354].
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: Central and South America: Chucunaque and Atrato
Rivers and Lake Maracaibo basins.
Countries: Colombia, Panama, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Fink & Weitzman (1974: 30) for
detailed synonymy and Géry (1977: 347) for key and comments.
Common names: Barred glass tetra (USA)
PIABARCHUS
Piabarchus Myers, 1928: 90. Type species: Piabina analis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Piabarchus analis (Eigenmann, 1914)
Piabina analis Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
8. Type locality: Caceres [=Cáceres, upper Paraguay River basin,
Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56661 [ex CM 5478].
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Maximum length: 3.09 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin; upper Amazon
River basin in Peru.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Peru
Remarks and references: See Mahnert & Géry (1988) for remarks
on taxonomy.
Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry, 1988
Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 3, fig. 2; pl. 2.
Type locality: Salto Pirareta, prov. Cordillera, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2385-70.
Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
PIABINA
Piabina Reinhardt, 1867: 49. Type species: Piabina argentea
Reinhardt, 1867. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867
Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867: 50, pl. 1 figs. 1,2. Type locality: Rio das Velhas, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMUC 253, 254.
Piabina piquira Eigenmann, 1910: 434. Type locality: Piracicaba.
Placed as a synonym of Piabina argentea by Eigenmann and
Myers (1929: 430).
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin in northeastern Paraguay and southern Brazil, São Fransisco, Itapicuru,
Paraíba, and Itapemirim River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 224) for detailed redescription.
PRIONOBRAMA
Prionobrama Fowler, 1913: 534. Type species: Prionobrama
madeirae Fowler, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Bleptonema Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type species: Bleptonema
paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by subsequent designation by Jordan (1920: 535). Gender: neuter.
Prionobrama filigera (Cope, 1870)
Aphyocharax filigerus Cope, 1870: 564. Type locality: Pebas,
Eastern Ecuador [actually Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8073.
Prionobrama madeirae Fowler, 1913: 535, fig. 9. Type locality:
Tributary of the Madeira River, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39218.
Bleptonema amazonae Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type locality: Santarem [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56679 [ex CM 5497a].
Aphyocharax analis Nichols, 1915: 127. fig. 1. Type locality:
Manaos [“an aquarium fish said to come from Manaos”; Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: AMNH 5073.
Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann, 1914)
Bleptonema paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type locality:
Corumba [Paraguay River, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56681 [ex
CM 5499a].
Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and lower Paraná River
basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
PRISTELLA
Pristella Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type species: Holopristis riddlei
Meek, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey, 1894)
Aphyocarax maxillaris Ulrey, 1894: 611. Type locality: Brazil.
Syntypes: SU 2170 (1), 47059 (2).
Holopristis riddlei Meek, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 11. Type
locality: Los Castillas, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 57151.
Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal river
drainages of the Guianas.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 334-335) for
notes on the species.
PROBOLODUS
Probolodus Eigenmann, 1911b: 164. Type species: Probolodus
heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Probolodus heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911
Probolodus heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911b: 164, pl. 4 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Campos [on Parahyba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54328 [ex CM 2973].
Maximum length: 8.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal basins of southeastern Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 579) for comments and
Bizerril (1994: 65) for key.
PSALIDODON
Psalidodon Eigenmann, 1911b: 165. Type species: Psalidodon
gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911
Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911b: 166, pl. 4 (figs. 2-3).
Type locality: Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Paraná, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54574 [ex CM 3204].
Maximum length: 17 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See comments in Garavello et al. (1977:
75).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
PSELLOGRAMMUS
Psellogrammus Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type species: Hemigrammus kennedyi Eigenmann, 1903. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903)
Hemigrammus kennedyi Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Kennedy,
1903: 520. Type locality: Campo Grande [Lagunitas, five kilometers from Asuncion, Paraguay River basin, Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 44420 [ex IU 10016].
Maximum length: 5.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and São Francisco River
basins.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for description.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
PSEUDOCHALCEUS
Pseudochalceus Kner, 1863: 225. Type species: Pseudochalceus
lineatus Kner, 1863. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner (1864: 35).
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Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966
Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944
Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966: 27, fig. p. 25. Type locality: Río Calima, Cauca Valley, Colombia. Holotype: USNM
231738 [ex USNM 257403-F27].
Maximum length: 7.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of
Colombia.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Schultz (1966) for description and
ecological observations; Géry (1972: 941) for comparison with
other species.
Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944: 589, fig. Type locality: Santa
Izabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11089.
Maximum length: 3.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
RHINOPETITIA
Rhinopetitia Géry, 1964b: 454. Type species: Rhinopetitia myersi
Géry, 1964b. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Rhinopetitia myersi Géry, 1964
Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner, 1863
Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner, 1863: 225, fig. 11. Type locality:
Vom Westabhange der Anden in Staate Ecuador. Syntypes:
NMW 56738-9. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner
(1864: 35, pl. 5, fig. 1).
Maximum length: 7.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of
Ecuador.
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Kner & Steindachner (1864) for a
detailed description; Géry (1972: 941) for comparison with other
species.
Rhinopetitia myersi Géry, 1964b: 454, fig. 3; pl. 4a. Type locality:
Ilha do Bananal, haut Rio Araguaia, Brésil. Holotype: MHNG
2229.03 [ex Géry coll. M.194,1].
Maximum length: 3.04 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
ROEBOEXODON
Roeboexodon Géry, 1959c: 346. Type species: Roeboexodon geryi
Myers, 1960. Type by subsequent designation by Myers (1960:
210). Gender: masculine
Pseudochalceus longianalis Géry, 1972
Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960
Pseudochalceus (Pseudochalceus) longianalis Géry, 1972c: 933,
fig. 1. Type locality: Sud de la Colombie, près de la frontière
avec l’Equateur, versant pacifique: rio Guiza, affluent du rio Mira, à la Guayacana, Province Narino, altitude 240 m, coordonnées
1°27’N et 78°27’O. Holotype: MHNG 1226.90.
Maximum length: 7.85 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of
Colombia and Ecuador.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972: 941) for comparison
with other species.
Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960: 209. Type locality: Confluent du
Ouaqui et du Tampoc, bassin du Haut-Maroni, Guyane
Française. Holotype: MNHN 59-38, established by Myers (1960:
210) based in the type-specimens of Exodon guyanensis sensu
Géry (1959c).
Maximum length: 15 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Tocantins, Xingu, and
Tapajós River basins.
Countries: Brazil.
Remarks and references: See color photo in Planquette et al.
(1996). Puyo (1948) on the basis of three specimens collected in
French Guyana, described Exodon guyanensis. Géry (1959) designated a neotype and proposed the new genus Roeboexodon for
Puyo's species. Myers (1960) indicated differences between
Géry's and Puyo's descriptions, stating that the former did not
corresponded to E. guyanensis. For this reason, Myers (1) erected
a new genus, Gnathoplax in order to house the species of Puyo,
(2) maintained the name Roeboexodon for the specimens of
Géry and, (3) provided a specific epithet for Roeboexodon: R.
geryi. We herein keep the name Roeboexodon geryi and regard
the neotype designation by Géry invalid in accordance with the
arguments mentioned by Myers (1960). Moreover, Géry (1959)
doesn't say that there are controversies concerning Puyo's species
identification or even that the taxon is involved in nomenclatural
problems, basic premises for a neotype designation following the
ICZN Art. 75.1. Contrarily, Géry statement: "l'espèce, bien que
clairemente définie et figurée par Puyo, l'était toutefois incompletèmente et aucun type était désigné...." enforces the incompleteness of Puyo's description but no difficulties on the identification. Besides, Géry (p. 346) cited his objectives: "... désigner
un néotype de Exodon guyanensis et d'en faire une redescription
figurée (....) le tout en application des Règles de la nomenclature,
...", which allow us to exclusively view his action as a procedure
to satisfy the "need" of replacement of the missing typespecimens. It characterizes this procedure as merely curatorial,
and not as a reason for a neotype designation. On the contrary, it
automatically invalidates the neotype designation (ICZN Art
75.2). It seems that Myers' procedure is nomenclaturally correct
in spite of the presence of some questionable diagnostic characters cited by Puyo (1948). We considered the names Gnathoplax
Myers and Exodon guyanensis (Puyo), respectively Genus and
Species inquirenda.
RACHOVISCUS
Rachoviscus Myers, 1926: 1. Type species: Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926. Type by monotypy. Gender: neuter.
Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926
Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926: 1, fig. unnumbered. Type
locality: Rio de Janeiro. Lectotype: USNM 92971, designated by
Weitzman & Cruz (1981: 1009); they also suggest type locality
probably is the region of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
Maximum length: 3.85 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river basins of Paraná and
northern Santa Catarina States.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Cruz (1981) for redescription.
Rachoviscus graciliceps Weitzman & Cruz, 1981
Rachoviscus graciliceps Weitzman & Cruz, 1981: 1003, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: Brazil, State of Bahia:... one of three small creeks
about 1 km north of Prado and about 500 meters from Atlantic
Ocean, 39°14’W, 17°19’S. Holotype: MZUSP 14387.
Maximum length: 4.76 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal river basins of southern
Bahia State.
Countries: Brazil
RHINOBRYCON
Rhinobrycon Myers, 1944: 587. Type species: Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
155
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
(Venezuela), Sauta (Venezuela), Tabarana (Brazil), Tubarana
(Brazil), Tuburana (Brazil)
SALMINUS
Salminus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 76. Type species:
Hydrocyon brevidens Cuvier, 1819. Type by monotypy. Gender:
masculine.
SCHULTZITES
Salminus affinis Steindachner, 1880
Schultzites Géry, 1964c: 31. Type species: Schultzites axelrodi
Géry, 1964. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Salminus affinis Steindachner, 1880: 80, pl. 7 (fig. 2). Type locality: Cauca [Colombia]. Lectotype: NMW 78042.02, designated by
Géry & Lauzanne (1990: 123).
Maximum length: 100 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin and Santiago
River basin in Ecuador.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador
Common names: Dorada (Colombia), Picuda (Colombia), Rubia
(Colombia), Rubio (Colombia)
Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816)
Schultzites axelrodi Géry, 1964
Schultzites axelrodi Géry, 1964c: 32, fig. 7. Type locality: about
200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta drainage [Colombia]. Holotype: USNM 198642.
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 450) for comments.
Common names: Axelrod’s Moenkhausia (USA)
Hydrocynus brasiliensis Cuvier, 1816: 167. Type locality: Brésil.
Holotype: MNHN A.8555 (dry).
Hydrocyon brevidens Cuvier, 1819: 364, pl. 27 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN A.8555 (dry). Objective synonym of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne,
1990: 117).
Salminus maxillosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 62. Type locality: l’Amazone [Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN
A.8550 (dry). Possibly a synonym of Salminus brasiliensis
(Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne 1990: 122).
Salminus cuvieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
56. Type locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN A.8555. Objective
synonym of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne, 1990: 117).
Salminus orbignyanus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 65. Type locality: les Missions jusqu’à Buénos Ayres, Argentina; dans tous les affluents du Parana ou de l’Uruguay. Holotype: MNHN A.8551. Possible synonym of Salminus brasiliensis
(Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne 1990: 122).
Salmo auratus Larrañaga, 1923: 378. Type locality: Uruguay.
Salmo 27-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type locality: Uruguay.
Originally as Salmo auratus vel 27-radiatus.
Maximum length: 100 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay
River basins; Laguna dos Patos drainage, upper Chaparé and
Mamoré River basin in Bolivia. Occurrence in the remaining
Amazon River basin highly doubtful.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Remarks and references: See Géry & Lauzanne (1990) for remarks
on taxonomy.
Common names: Dorado (Argentina, Uruguay), Dourado (Brazil),
Pirayú (Argentina, Uruguay)
SCISSOR
Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850
Lütkenia Steindachner, 1876b: 85. Type species: Lütkenia insignis
Steindachner, 1876. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine. Apparently preoccupied by Lütkenia Claus, 1864, in Crustacea [not
investigated], replaced by Stichonodon Eigenmann, 1903.
Stichonodon Eigenmann, 1903: 146. Type species: Lütkenia insignis Steindachner, 1876. Type by being a replacement name.
Gender: masculine. Replacement for Lütkenia Steindachner
1877, preoccupied by Lutkenia Claus, 1864, in Crustacea [original spelling not investigated].
Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
64. Type locality: Rio San Francisco [Brazil]. Lectotype: MNHN
A.8658, designated by Géry & Lauzanne (1990: 117).
Brycon erythrura Fowler, 1941: 191, fig. 101. Type locality: Rio
Jaguaribe, Orós, Ceará [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69608.
Holobrycon iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 72, fig. Type locality:
Cercanias del Puerto de Iquitos [Peru]. Probably a synonym of
Salminus hilarii (Géry & Lauzanne, 1990: 116). Type material
lost (H. Ortega, pers. comm.).
Maximum length: 50 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná, São Francisco, and
Tocantins River basins; upper Amazon River basin; Orinoco
River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry & Lauzanne (1990) for remarks
on taxonomy.
Common names: Dorada (Venezuela), Dorado (Colombia), Dourado (Brazil), Sábalo (Peru), Saltador (Venezuela), Saltadora
Scissor Günther, 1864: 331. Type species: Scissor macrocephalus
Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Scissor macrocephalus Günther, 1864
Scissor macrocephalus Günther, 1864: 331. Type locality:...as all
the specimens from the same source were from Surinam, it is
probable that this species also comes from that country. Holotype: BMNH 1858.6.14.1.
Distribution: South America: Suriname (?).
Countries: Suriname
Remarks and references: See Rosen (1972: 16-17) for notes on the
species.
SERRABRYCON
Serrabrycon Vari, 1986: 329. Type species: Serrabrycon magoi
Vari, 1986. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Serrabrycon magoi Vari, 1986
Serrabrycon magoi Vari, 1986: 329, figs. 1-3. Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Departamento Rio Negro,
lower portion of Caño Manu, which drains into the Casiquiare
about 250 m upstream of Solano (apporx. 02º00’N 66º57’W).
Holotype: MBUCV 14270.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro, Casiquiare, and Orinoco River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 292, 324-325) for
remarks on the species.
STICHONODON
Stichonodon insignis (Steindachner, 1876)
Lütkenia insignis Steindachner, 1876b: 86, pl. 8 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Amazonenstrom bei Tabatinga und Santarem [Brazil].
Syntypes: (several) NMW; ZSM (1).
Maximum length: 8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
STYGICHTHYS
TRIPORTHEUS
Stygichthys Brittan & Böhlke, 1965: 1. Type species: Stygichthys
typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Chalcinus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1849: 258.
Type species: Chalcinus brachipomus Valenciennes, 1849. Type
by subsequent designation. Gender: masculine.
Triportheus Cope, 1872b: 263. Type species: Triportheus albus
Cope, 1872b. Type by subsequent designation. Gender: masculine.
Coscinoxyron Fowler, 1907: 450. Type species: Chalcinus culter
Cope, 1872b. Type by original designation. Gender: neuter.
Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965
Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965: 2, figs. 1-2. Type
locality: Jaiba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP
100891.
Maximum length: 2.36 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper São Francisco River basin in
Minas Gerais State.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Threatened species (Romero & McLeran,
2000).
THAYERIA
Thayeria Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type species: Thayeria obliquus
Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, 1957
Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, 1957: 391, fig. 1. Type locality: No
definite locality. Holotype: CAS (ex SU) 149907.
Maximum length: 3.15 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Peru
and Araguaia River in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Géry (1960, 1964) for notes on taxonomy and distribution.
Thayeria ifati Géry, 1959
Thayeria ifati Géry, 1959b: 128, figs. 1-3. Type locality: Gaa
Kaba, Maroni, Guiana, north of the 4 th parallel. Holotype:
MHNG 2173.42 (ex Géry 25T05a).
Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Approuague River basins in French Guiana.
Countries: French Guiana
Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann, 1908
Thayeria obliquus Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type locality: Obidos
[Amazon River basin, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: USNM 120295
(6), MCZ 20841 (20).
Thayeria sanctae-mariae Ladiges, 1951: 129, fig. Type locality:
Staate Goyaz (Brasilien) südlich Carolina bei der Ortschaft St.
Maria [Tocantins River basin, Brazil]. Holotype: ZSM.
Maximum length: 7.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Middle Amazon, middle Tocantins,
and Guaporé River basins, Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1960) for notes on taxonomy
and distribution.
THRISSOBRYCON
Thrissobrycon Böhlke, 1953a: 168. Type species: Thrissobrycon
pectinifer Böhlke, 1953. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine.
Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke, 1953
Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke, 1953a: 169, fig. 1. Type locality:
Upper Rio Negro at Cucuhy (São Antonio), Brazil... approximately 1°12’North Latitude, 66°51’West Longitude. Holotype:
SU 16944.
Maximum length: 2.85 cm SL
Distribution: South America Upper Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Triportheus albus Cope, 1872
Triportheus albus Cope, 1872b: 264. Type locality: Ambyiacu
[Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 21234.
Maximum length: 15.1 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, TocantinsAraguaia basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)
Chalceus angulatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 67, pl. 34. Type locality: in Brasiliae aequinoctialis fluviis. Type specimens (2) probably lost (Kotellat, 1988).
Triportheus flavus Cope, 1872b: 264, pl. 14 (fig. 1). Type locality:
Ambyiacu [Peru]. Lectotype: ANSP 8077 designated by Fowler
(1907: 448).
Chalcinus angulatus fuscus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Villa
Bella and Lake Hyanuary [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21175, MCZ
21202, MCZ 21239, MCZ 21201, MCZ 21241 (22), MCZ
21183, MCZ 21187, MCZ 21189 (10), MCZ 21190, MCZ
21186, MCZ 21191 (15), MCZ 21224 (33), MCZ 21216 (3),
USNM 120253 (3).
Chalcinus angulatus vittatus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: José
Fernandez, Villa Bella, Porto do Moz, and Santarem [Brazil].
Syntypes: MCZ 21175 (22), MCZ 21183 (10), MCZ 21186,
MCZ 21190, MCZ 21191 (10), MCZ 21270 (18).
Maximum length: 16.3 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Common names: Sardinha (Brazil), Sardinha chata (Brazil)
Triportheus culter (Cope, 1872)
Chalcinus culter Cope, 1872b: 265, pl. 14 (fig. 3). Type locality:
Ambyiacu [Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 16672.
Maximum length: 24.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Triportheus curtus (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus angulatus curtus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Pará
and Arary [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21264 (1), MCZ 21272 (2).
Maximum length: 10.68 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Triportheus elongatus (Günther, 1864)
Chalcinus elongatus Günther, 1864: 342. Type locality: Unknown.
Holotype: BMNH 1852.9.13.10.
Chalcinus cruzi Miranda Ribeiro, 1941: 173, fig. 5. Type locality:
Not given. Holotype: MNRJ 2775.
Chalcinus amazonensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1941: 174. Type locality:
Rio Amazonas [Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 2771.
Chalcinus elongatus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 63, fig. Type
locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru].
Type material lost.
Maximum length: 24.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Trinidad Island; Amazon, Orinoco,
and Essequibo River basins.
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Guiana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela.
Triportheus guentheri (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus guentheri Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: San Francisco River [Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 21173. Eschmeyer et al. (1998: 686) add material from BMNH as being part
of a syntypical series, but Garman (1890: 5) stated: “Taking one
from the San Francisco river as a typical specimen”, which suggests that Garman designated only a specimen from MCZ as typical.
Maximum length: 13.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Common name: sardinha, peituda (Brazil)
Triportheus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878)
Chalcinus magdalenae Steindachner, 1878: 91. Type locality:
Cienaga... Magdalenen-strom [Colombia]. Syntypes: NMW
69151-54, ZMUC 87.
Maximum length: 19 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Triportheus nematurus (Kner, 1858)
Chalcinus nematurus Kner, 1858b: 163. Type locality: not mentioned in original description [Cujaba, Suaguragua und Caiçara
Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 16171 (1), NMW 62689 (2), NMW
69034 (1), NMW 69694 (2). Type locality provided by Kner
(1860: 7).
Salmo clupeoides Kner, 1860: 15. Name not available, published
in the synonymy of Triportheus nematurus.
Maximum length: 15.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Triportheus paranensis (Günther, 1874)
Chalcinus paranensis Günther, 1874: 454. Type locality: River
Parana. Holotype: BMNH 1872.5.6.32.
Maximum length: 15.9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: La Plata and Paraná-Paraguay River
basins.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Triportheus pictus (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus pictus Garman, 1890: 5. Type locality: Jutahy [tributary
of Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil].
Holotype: MCZ 21261.
Maximum length: 10.74 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Triportheus rotundatus (Jardine, 1841)
Chalceus rotundatus Jardine in Schomburgk, 1841: 209. Type
locality: River Padauiri [Padauari River, a tributary of the Negro
River, Amazonas, Brazil]. Types unknown.
Chalcinus brachipomus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 259. Type locality: La Mana, l’Esséquibo R. Syntypes:
MNHN 5402 (2), MNHN A.9836 (1), MNHN A.9916 (5).
Chalcinus rotundatus Nakashima, 1941: 65. Type locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru]. Type material
lost. Appeared as Chalcinus rotundatus in main heading and as
Chalcinus rotundatus iquitensis in figure caption; intention of
author unclear.
Chalcinus rotundatus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 65. Type locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru]. Type
material lost. (See remarks of Chalcinus rotundatus).
Maximum length: 17.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal
rivers of the Guianas.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Common names: Moroyo (French Guiana), Sardina (Peru), Sardinha (Brazil), Zareng blanc (French Guiana)
Triportheus signatus (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus angulatus signatus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Rio
Puty [Parnaíba River basin, Piauí, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21267
(17).
Maximum length: 15.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin and some northeartern coastal drainages in Brazil.
Countries: Brazil
Triportheus trifurcatus (Castelnau, 1855)
Chalcinus trifurcatus Castelnau, 1855: 70, pl. 37 (fig. 1). Type
locality: l’Araguay [Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A.9837. Possibly
a synonym of Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)
(Garman, 1890: 3).
Maximum length: 16.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Species inquirendae
Chalcinus auritus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
262. Type locality: l’Amazone [Brazil]. Types unknown.
Chalcinus muellerii De Filippi, 1853: 165. Type locality: Rio
Napo. Holotype: MZUT 160. Name emended as Chalcinus muelleri. Possibly a synonym of Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Garman, 1890: 3).
Chalcinus knerii Steindachner, 1876b: 98, pl. 12 (fig. 4). Type
locality: Amazonestrom (bei Teffé?) [Brazil]. Possibly a synonym of Triportheus albus Cope,1872 (Garman, 1890: 6). Syntypes not found at NMW.
TUCANOICHTHYS
Tucanoichthys Géry & Römer, 1997: 66. Type species: Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Romer, 1997. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997
Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997: 66, fig. 1. Type locality: brook emptying into Igarapé Yavuari, a tributary of Rio
Uaupés, upper Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°14’31”N,
68°03’48”W. Holotype: MZUSP 51321.
Maximum length: 1.655 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Uaupés River in upper Negro River
basin.
Countries: Brazil
TYTTOBRYCON
Tyttobrycon Géry, 1973: 117. Type species: Tyttobrycon xeruini
Géry, 1973. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus Géry, 1973
Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus Géry, 1973: 118, fig. 20. Type locality: “Hoffmann Lagune” on the rio Chaparé, tributary of the rio
Mamoré (into rio Madeira) below Todos Santos, Central Bolivia,
approximately 16°45’S. and 65°07’. Holotype: Museum A. Koenig, uncat.
Maximum length: 1.95 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Chapare River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Tyttobrycon hamatus Géry, 1973
Tyttobrycon hamatus Géry, 1973: 129, fig. 31. Type locality:
Upper Amazon basin, Loreto District of Peru, in some tributary
of the Maranon not far from Iquitos (precise locality unknown).
Holotype: MHNG 2172.30.
Maximum length: 1.69 cm SL
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Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Tyttobrycon spinosus Géry, 1973
Tyttobrycon spinosus Géry, 1973: 121, fig. 23. Type locality:
brook between upper rios Chaparé and Chimoré (or Ichilo), tributaries of the rio Mamoré (into rio Madeira), east of Todos Santos,
Central Bolivia, approximately 16°47’S and 65°W. Holotype:
Museum A. Koenig, uncat.
Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin.
Countries: Bolivia
Tyttobrycon xeruini Géry, 1973
Tyttobrycon xeruini Géry, 1973: 126, fig. 27. Type locality: Middle rio Negro basin, rio Novo, tributary of the rio Xeruini [Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG 2229.10.
Maximum length: 2.26 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
XENAGONIATES
Xenagoniates Myers, 1942: 90. Type species: Xenagoniates bondi
Myers, 1942. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942
Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942: 90, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Amana, 6 km. east of Santa Barbara and 35 km. west of Maturin,
Venezuela. Holotype: SU 36486.
Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and coastal
drainages of Venezuela and Colombia.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 355-356) for notes
on ecology of the species.
Common names: Long-finned glass tetra (USA)
GENUS INQUIRENDUM
Gnathoplax Myers, 1960: 209. Type species: Exodon guyanensis
Puyo, 1948. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
SPECIES INQUIRENDAE
Astyanax notemigonoides Fowler, 1911b: 506, fig. 4. Type locality: Affluent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of
Guayas, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39110.
Astyanax scierus Fowler, 1911b: 509, fig. 5. Type locality: Affluent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39065.
Chalceus fasciatus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841:
215. Type locality: Rio Padauiri...also in the Curantu. Holotype:
?.
Chalceus latus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841: 214.
Type locality: Padauiri, a tributary of the Rio Negro. Holotype: ?.
Chalceus taeniatus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841:
210. Type locality: River Essequibo...Rios Negro and Branco.
Holotype: ?.
Characinus curimata La Cepède, 1803: 271. Type locality: Surinam. Holotype: ?.
Characinus piabucu La Cepède, 1803: 269. Type locality: South
America. Holotype: ?.
Charax cyprinoides Meuschen, 1778: 38. [Not available, published
in a rejected work (Opinion 260)].
Charax fasciata Swainson, 1839: 222. Type locality: ?. Holotype:
? [Based on Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839 pl. 144].
Charax gracilis Gronow in Gray, 1854: 154. Type locality: Tropical America. Holotype: ?.
Charax leucometopon Zuiew, 1786: 275. Type locality: ?. Holotype: ?.
Charax notatus Meuschen, 1778: 38. Type locality: ?. Holotype: ?
[Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260)].
Charax serratus Gronow in Gray, 1854: 155. Type locality: Surinam. Holotype: ?.
Ctenobrycon multifasciatus Steindachner in Eigenmann, 1910:
435. [Not available, name and locality but no description; a supposed Steindachner species, but no reference cited].
Exodon guyanensis Puyo, 1948: 78, fig. 1. Type locality: not specified [French Guiana]. Three syntypes probably lost. Neotype
designation by Géry (1959c: 347) invalid (ICZN Art. 75.2).
Knodus albolineatus Holly, 1929: 117. Type locality: Piquirão,
Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: ?.
Hyphessobrycon latus Fowler, 1941: 185, fig. 95. Type locality:
Forteleza, Ceará [= Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP
69578. Apparently a Cheirodontinae (H.A. Britski, pers. comm.)
Salmo (dentado) denticulosus Larrañaga, 1923: 378. Type Locality: Uruguay. Holotype: ?.
Salmo denticulosus vel 26-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Typelocality: Uruguay. Holotype: ?.
Salmo ovatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type locality; Uruguay. Holotype: ?.
Salmo sachicanga Kner, 1860: 51. Not available, name mentioned
in passing under Cynopotamus humeralis Valenciennes.
Salmo sau-à Netterer in Kner, 1859: 174: Type locality: Cuiaba
und Gujana. Holotype: ?.
Salmo 30-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type-locality: Uruguay.
Holotype: ?.
Tetragonopterus (Astyanax) riveti Pellegrin, 1907: 25. Type locality: Rio Pove, Santo Domingo de los Colorados (560 mètres
d’altitud, versant du Pacifique) [Équateur]. Holotype: MNHN
1904-22.
Tetragonopterus anomalus Steindachner, 1891a: 173. Type locality: Río Paraná at Corrientes, Argentina. Holotype: NMW 57643.
Tetragonopterus artedii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 128. Type locality: not stated in original description. Syntypes: MNHN (ex. “Cabinet du Stathouder); “Musée de Leyde”.
Tetragonopterus astictus Ulrey, 1894: 611. Type locality: Brazil.
Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Tetragonopterus branickii Steindachner, 1879c: 151. Type locality: Zurumilla [Ecuador]. Syntypes: NMW 57258 (2).
Tetragonopterus fischeri Steindachner, 1879c: 151. Type locality:
Río Mamoni, Panama.
Tetragonopterus fuscoauratus Castelnau, 1855: 66, pl. 33 (fig. 2).
Type locality: environs de Bahia [Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN A9821 (8).
Tetragonopterus gibbosus Steindachneri, 1877: 562, pl. 1 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Parahyaba [Brazil]. Holotype: ?
Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) trinitatis Lütken, 1875b: 234. Type
locality: Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Tetragonopterus huberi Steindachner, 1909: 172. Type locality:
Purus, Amazonas [Brazil]. Holotype: ?
Tetragonopterus microstoma Günther, 1864: 323. Type locality:
Bahia [Brazil].
Tetragonopterus ortonii Gill, 1870: 92. Type locality: Unlisted
locality from “Maranon, or Upper Amazon, and Río Napo Rivers”.
Tetragonopterus ortonii Gill in Cope, 1870: 566. [Name only, not
available].
Tetragonopterus rhomboidalis Posada, 1909: 302. Type locality:
Medellín, Colombia. No types known.
Tetragonopterus rufipes Valenciennes, 1842: no p., pl. 11 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Not listed in original description (plate) [Buenos
Aires, Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9808 (3).
Tetragonopterus santaremensis Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality:
Santarém [Brazil]. Syntypes: 10 specimens, SU 2167 (2).
Tetragonopterus sardina Posada, 1909: 302. Type locality: Medellín, Colombia. No types known.
Tetragonopterus sawa Castelnau, 1855: 65, pl. 33 (fig. 1). Type
locality: rio Crixas qui se jette dans L’Araguay [Brazil]. Holo-
159
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
type: MNHN A.9819.
Tetragonopterus schomburgkii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 137. Type locality: Essequibo [Guyana]. Holotype: MNHN A.9812 (poor condition).
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