Ðroc. lSS1S -Yf.J'ra.t6...
1990. partÏ
DISTRIBUTION
àÐ
.PO~~.PHOHA
(ÂÎÌÎÐÒÅÈÀ
I
119
AND
ÑÎÑÑ:l:NÂË.
HOST-PLANTS
.EOLOHICA
ÌÀÊÎÀÈÎÎ:l:ÎÀÂ)
,
'. Ó.Yaschenk-o
Institute or ZooJogy,
Akadem~ok. AJma-A
ta ~
Kazakhstan,
USSR
Abstr8Ct. ÒÜårange î! ðù"ðüó.rophora po1onica(1.) includ~ the steppe and foreststeppe ZOn~ îÑ the Eurasian o>ntinent from the Southî! France 10 F.astMongolia.ÒÜåho6t~b
or the Polish (X)Chinealscale beIOng10 17 families, the majority or which o>ncentrate
111the European J8l"t îÑ the ran~
This report is based îï investigations î! margarodids collections at the
Z001ogical Institute
(Leningrad) and the Institute îÑ Z001ogy (A1ma-Ata). 1 àø
grateful to Prof. F. Kozar or slides îÑ Ð. poJonjca from Hungary.
At present. the Polish cochineal scaleis k-nownfrom France, Germany,Hungary, Czechoslovakia. Poland, Swjtzerland (Kosztarab, Kozar. 1988), Uk-raine, Â,óå10russia, the Russian Federation (Belgorod, Voronezh.. ÒàøÜîó, Orenburg. Omskànä Novosibirsk regions and Tuva Autonomic SSR). Kazakhstan (Uralsk. Aktiubinsk. Kokchetav. Tselinograd. Semipalatinsk. Ust-Kamenegorsk. Tald,y-Kurgan.
A1ma-Ata anä Dzhambul regions). Kirghizia (Issik-Kul region). People's Republic
î! Mongo1ia (Boyn-Hongor. Ara-Hangai. Uver-Hangai, South Gobi. Central and East
and Sukhe-Baatar Aimaks).
Thus. in USSRÐ. polonica inhabits Prichernomorie LOwlands;POdolie.Pridneprovie and Middle Russian Uplands; Oka-DonPlains and farther to Bast across
Privolzhie Uplands to the steppes î! ObschiSyrt and .the southern footbills î! .the
Ural Kts.; Turgai Plateau; the ÂèàÜà LOwlands; .the Kulunda Plains; the west.
north and eastparts î! the Kazakh )(elkospochnik (Tableland).
In .the western part îÑ the Al.tai mountain system Ð. poJonjca is numerous
îï .the steppe stations ofBolshe-Narymski. Kalbinski. Kurtchumski, Lis.tviaga and
Azutau mountainridges.
These insects descend to the semi.,-desert.î! the Zaisan
depression along river valleys from the southern slopes î! the Kurtchumski and
Azutau 1D0untain ridges and the nort.hern slopes î! Tarbagatai. )(anrak ànä Saur
)(ts. ÒÜå forest zone is absent inTarbagatai )(ts. and replaced Üó à well developed
zone î! shrubs. so that Ð. polonica rises ànä inhibits the lower border î! the
subalpine zone. This species penetrates .to the semi.,-desert î! the Alakol de~ession along the river valleys (òîò the South offspurs î! Tarbagatai ànä North
mountain ridges î! the Dzhungarski Alatau mountain system (Kaikan and Kungei
ridges).
.
Ð. poJonicaabounds in the low- and midd;lf;-mountainsteppes î! the Dzhungarski Alatau mountain system: Kaikan. Kungei. Konyrtau. D7.hungarskiA1atau.
Tok-sanbai.Koyandytau. Tyshkantau ridges. Here the insects rise to the lower
border î! the forest zone along river valleys (èð to 1800m above 5ea-level) as
well à, they do it in Àlø 1It5.
120
Yaschenko R.V.
8ost-pJants 01 Porpbyropbora polonica (1.)
(Å -k-noW'nin Europe, Ê --in Kazakstan,Ì -in Mongolia)
1. Caryophyn.ceae
SperguIaria ~mpestris Á
s. sp. Å
Hernjaria glabra Å
ScJerantbus perenl'JjsÁ
S. annus Á
S. sp. Å
Cerastium semidecaïorumÁ
Ñ. dentatum Å
Myosotoïaqèàticum (syn. MaIachium
aqèàticum) Å
l/å1àëdryuò aIbum I
Silene rolgensis Ê
S. sp. Ê
Dianthus
sp. Å Ê
Gypsophilasp. Å
I
ñ. ðóêòåàå Ì
ñ. leucophloeaÌ
ñ. sp. Ì
IV Ðîàñåàå
Festuca vaIesiaca (syï. Ð. pseudo
ÎÓinà) Á
SecaIesp. Å
CJeistogenessquarosa Ì
V. Apiaceae
Seseli annl1umÅ
S. sp. (according
to slidelabels
polonica from Hungary) Å
î!
Ð.
ÐØÐinånà sp. Å
Rosaceae
, ï.
ÐîtåïØ1à
erecta Å
'l.GaIatena
Asteraceae
haupti Ê
Ð. argentea Å
Ð. àïserina Å
Ð. bifurca Ê
Ð. recta Ê
Ð. conferta Ê
Ð. îïåé taIis Ê
Ð. sp. Å Ê
Fragaria vesca Å
Fragaria sp. Å Ê
Sibandiàïthe
adpressa
Hieracium pilosena Å
ò. Lamiaceae
Îïêàïèò
ÓulêàãåÅ
'ø. Polygonaceae
PolygonumaIpinum Å
11. Scrophu1ariaceae
Ìå1àòðóãèò sp. Á
Õ. Rublaceae
Ê
GàØuò ruthenicèm
ï. Boraginaceae
Ê
.
Alkanna tinctoria Å
Ø. ÐàÜàñåàå
AslragaIès sp. Ê
Ñàãàêàïàmjcrophyl1aÌ
Ñ. bèïgei Ì'
î
Ø. Âïñàñåàå
Arctostapbylos èvaursi Å
õø. Urticaeae
Parietaria sp. Å
According to Jakubski (1965) Ð. polonica feeds also îï
Ranunculaceae. Bypericaceae and Plantaginaceae.
Geraniaceae,
1n Tian-Shan the Polish ñîñhineal Üø been recorded from 5 places: the
low-mountains steppes of West Tian-Shan (Ta1asski Àlàøè Mts.. near Burnoye,
Silene sp.. 18-26. Ól. 1966;î. Matesova,the high- and middle-mountain steppes
î! the North Tian-Shan (intermountaine va11eyof Tau-Chilik River between
Zailiyski Alatau Mts. antl Kungei Alatau Mts., nåàãSaty, PoteïtilJa bifèrca. 2100m
above Såà-1åvål,15. VI. 1987,R. Yaschenko), the middle-mountain steppes in
Ketmen Mts (near Bolshoye Aksu, Poteïtilla bifurca, 24: VI. 1987,nåàã Ketmen,
ÐîtåïØ1à bifèrca.20. VI. 1987,R. Yaschenko,the high-mountain steppes î! Inner
Tian-Shan (southern slopes îÑ Terskei Àlàøè Mts., gorge îÑ Sari-Dzhas River,
Potentil1asp., 2900 m above sea-level; 20. VÏ. 1989,1. labak).ln Sayan Mts. Ð.
Yaschenk.oR.V.
121
polonica has Üåån recorded only from wonn-cereal steppes î! Tes-Khem River
flood-plain óølåó (mountain ridge Agar. near Br7.in. 21. VII. 1961.D. Berman).
1n Vongo1ia the Polish ñîñÛïåà! was registered îï the southem slopes î!
Mongolian Altai Mts. (40 km to the South î! Shine-Dzinst. Caragàïa leucoph1oea.
30. VII. 1982. À. Kireichuk). the eastern 10w-mountain spurs î! Hangai (near
Tevshru1ekh. 28. VII. 1972. Chaadaeva; 20 km to the Bast-North Bast î! ~yan
Bnder. 8. VIlI.1970. 1. Kerzhner; near Undzhul. Caragana pyglDaea. 9-20.VII.1973.
L. Medvedev). the westem slopes î! Nomgon-Ula Mts. (South Mongolia, 55 k.m to
the South î! Khurmen. 2. VIlI. 1967. À. Yemelianov). the steppes along Kerulen
River (40 km to the North-Bast î! Choibalsan. Caragana buïgd,27.
VII. 197.1.1.
Kerzhner; near Tumentsogt. Caragana JDjcrophyl1a. 31. VII-.18. ÓIlI. .1982.30. V116. VIlI. 1983. Ulykpan). the Ongon-Bls semi-desert (near Ongon. 30. VII. 1983.
Ulykpan)- and Moliog-Bls semi-desert (Bast Mongolia, near Dariganga. ÑàãàÂana
JDjcrophyl1a, 30. V~1. 1983. Ulykpan).
Thus. the range î! Ð. polonica stretches îï the forest-steppe and steppe
zones and partly îï the semi-desert zone î! Burasian continent trom Franceto
the steppe along the flood-plain î! Kerulen River in Bast Mongo1ia. Probably. Ð.
polonica penetrates to the low-mountain steppes î! Great and Litt1e Khingan'Vts.
and to the mountains î! Transbaikalia to the Bast and descends to the southem
piedmont î! Kokshal-Too Mts. and the steppes in the Íissarî-Darvaz
mountain
system. Undoubtedly. the Polish ñîñÛïåà! inhabits the Bast Tian-Shan steppes.
ÒÜå Polish ñîñÛnåà1 scale is breadly polyphagous. According to Jakubski
(1965). Ð. polonica is found îï the roots î! more than 60 host-plant species
belonging to 12 families: Gramineae (Ðîàñåàå). Caryophyllaceae. Illecebraceae.
Rosaceae. Geraniaceae. Ranunculaceae. Bricaceae. Umbelliferae (Àðøñåàå). Compositae (Asteraceae). Hyperic:aceae. Labiatae (Lamiaceae). Plantaginaceae. ët
present. in botanic literature the fami1y IllåñåÜâñåàå is joined to the fami1y
Caryophyllaceae. consequent1y. the number î! families ñàï üå reduced to 11.
Unfortunately.
Jakubski does not indicate øl the Buropean host-plant species
and genera. so that thelist î! plant species complied from literature (Smimova.
1940; .Borchsenius. 1950; Kosztarab. 1955; Tereznikova. 1963. 1968; ËlåkSiåiåvà.
1964;Zak-ogaza. Koteja. 1964; Jakubski. 1965; UraniaPtIanzenreich.
1971; Kosz:tarab. Kozar. 1978. .1988;.Êîø.
1981) and collections is incomplete.
ÒÜå Po1ish ñîñhinåà! has thus Üåån registered îï the roots î! plant species
belonging to l7 families. In Burope Ð. polonica lives îï the roots î! over 6Oplant
species belonging to over 20 genera from 15 families (Rubiaceae and ÐàÜàñåàåare
absent). 1n Kazakhstan its host include 13 species î! 9 genera in S tami1ies (Ñàryophyllaceae. Rosaceae.Fabaceae. Asteraceae. Rubiaceae). 1n Vongo1iait has been
found îï the roots of 5 species î! the genus Caragàïa (ÐàÜàñåàå) and îï Cleistogeïes squarosa (Ðîàñåàå). ÒÜå hosts î! Ð. polonica common for Burope and
Kazakhstan (which are known to us) are the genera Øàïthus. Ðãàâàïà and Poteïti1J8 and the families Caryophyllaceae. Rosaceae and Ëståraceàå. Ðîàñåàå are
common for Burope and Mongo1ia and ÐàÜàñåàåfor Mongo1ia and Kazakhstan. Thus,
the majority î! host-plant species is concentrated in the westem range. their
number decreasing from West to Bast.
122
YascbenkoR.V.
REFEREBCES
Alekseeva,Ì. S., 1964. Îï tbe possibility î! natural carmine production îï the
basis î! native host plants in USSR. Bot. Zn., 49: 109-112 (In Russian).
Borchsenius, 'Â. S.. 1950. Scale insects (Coccoidea) î! the USSR. Keysto tbe USSR
fauna, .12,250 ðð. (In Russian).
Jakubski. À. W.. 1965. À critical revision î! the families Margarodidae and
Termitococcidae (Hemiptera.Coccoidea).Pub. Trustes Brit. MUs. Nat. Hist.,
187ðð.
Kosztarab. Ì., 1955. Revision und Erdanzung der in "Fauna Regni Hungariae"
angefuhrten Coccide. Àïï. Østîriñî-ÍàtèraJås
Mèsej HaUonaHs. Hèngarici,
6: 371-385.
Kosztarab. Ì., KozarF.. 1978.Pajzstetvek -Cocoidea. Faèna Hèng., 131.Budapest.
192ðð.
Kosztarab, Ì.. Kozar F.. 1988. Sca1einsects î! Centra1 Europe. Akademiai Kiado.
Budapest, 456 ðð.
Kozar, F.. 1981. Datato tbe Coccidea (Homoptera)fauna î! the Hortobagy National
ParL ÒÜåFauna of the Hortobagy Nat. Park. ð.: 89-90.
Smirnova. î. Í.. 1940. Polish ñîñhinåà1. à pest of strawberrys and its control,
Sadovod..ð.: 11-12. (In Ukrainian).
Tereznikova. Å. Ì., 1963. Bcologica1 faunistic survey of Ukrainian scale insects
(Homoptera. Coccoidea), Tr. lnst. 1001. ÀÍ UXSSR, 19: 41-57 (ln Russian).
Tereznikova, Â. Ì.. 1968. Scale insect (Homoptera. Coccoidea) host plants îï
Crimea. Vestn. 1001.. 3: 45-53.(ln Ukrainian)
Urania Pf1anzenreicb.ÂîÜåï Pflanzen 1, 1971. Urania -Verlag, Leipzig, Berlin.
.277
ðð.
Zak-Qgaza, Â., Koteja J., 1964. Investigations îï scale insects (Homoptera,
Coccoidea)î! the Pieniny Mountains. Acta 1001.Cracoyjensja. 9: 417-439.
1
.
.
Roman Jashenko