adansonia 2019 ● 41 ● 13 Directeur De la publication : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle réDacteur en chef / Editor-in-chiEf : Thierry Deroin réDacteurs / Editors : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers assistants De réDaction / AssistAnt Editors : Emmanuel Côtez (adanson@mnhn.fr) ; Anne Mabille Mise en page / PAgE lAyout : Emmanuel Côtez coMité scientifique / sciEntific boArd : P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen) F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse) M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis) P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) couverture / covEr : Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. From holotype: Mozaffarian 70066. 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Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 diff.pub@mnhn.fr / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2019 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1280-8571/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1639-4798 A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran) Farrokh GHAHREMANINEJAD Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal Code 15719-14911, Tehran (Iran) ghahremaninejad@khu.ac.ir (corresponding author) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-9976 Zahra ROSTAMI GHADI Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal Code 15719-14911, Tehran (Iran) rostamighadii@gmail.com Mostafa ASSADI Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 13185-1166, Tehran (Iran) assadi@rifr-ac.ir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3717 Atiye Nejad FALATOURY Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), postal code: 19858-13111 Tehran (Iran) a.falatoury@areeo.ac.ir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-585X Submitted on 8 March 2019 | accepted on 23 May 2019 | published on 21 October 2019 Ghahremaninejad F., Rostami Ghadi Z., Assadi M. & Falatoury A. N. 2019. — A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran). Adansonia, sér. 3, 41 (13): 177-182. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2019v41a13. http://adansonia.com/41/13 KEY WORDS Alsinoideae, Flora of Iran, Sagineae, seed, new species. ABSTRACT During investigation of the genus Bufonia L., in various herbaria of Iran, a new species, B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov., was recognized and thus is described here. This new species is closely related to B. enervis, with some morphological differences such as size and shape of the perianth, and the seed shape. A key for the species occurring in Iran, illustrations and a distribution map of the new and related species are provided. The seed morphology was studied using a scanning electron microscope. MOTS CLÉS Alsinoideae, Flore d’Iran, Sagineae, graine, espèce nouvelle. RÉSUMÉ Une espèce nouvelle de Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) de la province iranienne du Kurdistan. Au cours de l’examen du genre Bufonia L. dans différents herbiers d’Iran, une nouvelle espèce (B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.) a été reconnue et est ici décrite. Elle est étroitement apparentée à B. enervis Boiss., avec quelques différences dans la taille et la forme du périanthe, ainsi que dans la forme de la graine. Une clé des espèces du genre en Iran, des illustrations et une carte de répartition sont fournies. La morphologie de la graine a été observée au microscope à balayage. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 177 Ghahremaninejad F. et al. INTRODUCTION Since the publishing of Flora Iranica’s treatment for the genus Bufonia L., the present work is the first taxonomic study on the Iranian species of Bufonia. The genus belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae, subfamily Alsinoideae (Rechinger 1988). The genus Bufonia is taxonomically close to the genera Cerastium L. and the genus Sagina L. In more recent phylogenetic studies Bufonia, Colobanthus Bartl., Sagina, and Drypis spinosa L. are placed in a clade that represents tribe Sagineae sensu Harbaugh (Harbaugh et al. 2010; Greenberg & Donoghue 2011). Diagnostic morphological characteristics of this genus are having flowers with four sepals, four tepals and a bivalve compressed lenticular capsule. The genus is morphologically such a complex taxon that finding the proper characters for accurately separating species is difficult. During our work on this genus in several Iranian herbaria, it appears that many specimens, especially from W Iran, were mistakenly determined at the species level. Bufonia includes nearly 35 species in the world (lçim & Behçet 2013), it is widely distributed from Macaronesia through Turkey, and Iran to Afghanistan; the northern boundaries of the distribution range are in the western Iberian Peninsula, central France and southern Switzerland and east Mediterranean region. It continues from Serbia to Macedonia, Romania to the southern Ukraine. In Africa, it occupies lands of Maghreb, in Libya but it is not present in the African part of Egypt. Southern limits of the Asian range are Sinai Peninsula, Jordan, Syria, mountainous parts of Iraq to Iran. At the eastern edge, it grows in southern Pakistan, reaching Turkmenistan and Transcaucasian republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan in the north. The highest species richness is found in Iran and NW Africa. In Europe, the genus is represented by a few species only, often of rare occurrence (Italy, Greece). Its complete absence in some Mediterranean islands is striking (e.g. Sardinia, Sicily, Cyprus). Most species grow on dry stony slopes up to alpine area (e.g. Morocco and Iran above 3000 m) (Chrtek & Křísa 1999a). The number of species decreases to the east. According to Flora Iranica, Bufonia includes 14 species in Iranian plateau of which 13 grow in Iran, 10 of them are endemics for Iran (Rechinger 1988). Based on newer studies, B. koelzii Rech.f., an endemic species for Iran, was transferred to genus Arenaria as A. polycnemifolia Boiss. because of having pentamerous perianth and six-part splitting capsule (Chrtek & Křísa 1999b). According to molecular and anatomical evidences, B. koelzii is a synonym of Eremogone polycnemifolia Boiss. (Sadeghian et al. 2015; Mousavi et al. 2019). Additionally, B. kotschyana Boiss. was A NEW IDENTIFICATION KEY FOR BUFONIA L. SPECIES IN IRAN 1. Annual ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 — Perennial, woody at base ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Inflorescences are often limited to the upper part of the stem, stamens 3-4 ...................... B. parviflora Grisb. — The flowers are all along the stem, stamens 8 ........................................................................ B. oliveriana Ser. 3. Inflorescence not congested, pedicels usually longer than sepals, up to 30 mm long ..................................... 4 — Inflorescence congested, pedicels shorter up to 10 mm long ......................................................................... 6 4. Pedicel filiform ............................................................................................................................................. 5 — Pedicel not filiform ........................................................................................ B. capsularis Boiss. & Hausskn. 5. Sepals 2-3 mm long, ovate-orbiculate, apiculate, ovule 4 ................................................... B. macrocarpa Ser. — Sepals 2.5-4 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, ovule 4-8 .................................................. B. sintenisii Freyn. 6. Sepals puberulent or velutinous ..................................................................................................................... 7 — Sepals glabrous .............................................................................................................................................. 9 7. Pedicel glabrous, sepals up to 6 mm long ....................... B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. — Pedicel pubescent, sepals up to 4 mm long ..................................................................................................... 8 8. Stems branched, sepals velutinous ..................................................................................... B. hebecalyx Boiss. — Stems usually not branched, sepals glabrous or puberulent ..................................................... B. enervis Boiss. 9. Inflorescential parts with 5-12 flowers ................................................................................ B. capitata Bornm. — Inflorescential parts with up to 5 flowers ..................................................................................................... 10 10. Sepals 2-3 mm long ....................................................................................... B. micrantha Boiss. & Hausskn. — Sepals longer .............................................................................................................................................. 11 11. Sepals ± 6 mm long .......................................................................................... B. calycina Boiss. & Hausskn. — Sepals 3- 5.5 mm long ................................................................................................................................ 12 12. Ovules 2 ............................................................................................................................... B. stapfii Bornm. — Ovules 4 ........................................................................................................................... B. kotschyana Boiss. 178 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran) fig. 1. — Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. From holotype: Mozaffarian 70066 (TARI). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) 179 Ghahremaninejad F. et al. A E B C D F G H K I L J M fig. 2. — A-E, Details of morphological characters of Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. (Mozaffarian 70066): A, calyx; B, upper part of sepal; C, mature ovary; D, mature open ovary; E, petal; F, G, Bufonia enervis Boiss. (Iranshahr & Termeh 12159-E): F, calyx; G, petal; H-M, B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem, sp. nov.: H, seed; I, close view of the seed surface from median part of the seed at the position between hilum and abfunicular side; J, K, close views of the seed surface at the abfunicular side; L, close view of the seed surface from median part of the seed at the hilum; M, close view of anticlinal border between testa cells. Scale bars: A, D, E, 1.2 mm; B, 0.38 mm; C, 0.97 mm; F, 0.87 mm; G, 0. 82 mm; H, 1 mm; I-L, 100 µm; M, 10 µm. recorded from Syria (Post 1932), but was not yet mentioned in Flora Iranica. Most of the nine endemic species for Iran are narrow endemic taxa. The most species of Bufonia are distributed in the west and north west of Iran. However, some species are also distributed in the mountainous areas of the northeast and center of Iran. The distribution of this genus in Iran is often limited to over 1500 meters in the Irano-Touranian region. 180 LIST OF IRANIAN SPECIES OF BUFONIA B. macrocarpa Ser.; distribution: Iran. Endemic. B. sintenisii Freyn.; dist.: Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan. B. capsularis Boiss. & Hausskn; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. capitata Bornm.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. hebecalyx Boiss.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran) 40°E 45° 50° 55° 60° 65° 70° 40°S TURKMENISTAN TURKEY 35° SYRIA AFGHANISTAN IRAQ IRAN 30° SAUDI ARABIA PAKISTAN 25° Bufonia enervis Boiss. Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. fig. 3. — Distribution of Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. ( ) and Bufonia enervis Boiss. ( B. enervis Boiss.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. stapfii Bornm.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. kotschyana Boiss.; dist.: Iran, Syria. B. calycina Boiss. & Hausskn.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. micrantha Boiss. & Hausskn.; dist.: Iran. Endemic. B. parviflora Grisb.; dist.: Anatolia, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Europe Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia. B. oliveriana Ser.; dist.: Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, we used several important references for determination of the genus, like Flora Orientalis (Boissier 1867), Flora of Turkey (Cullen 1967), Flora Europaea (Halliday 1966), Flora of the U.S.S.R. (Schischkin 1936), Flora Iranica (Rechinger 1988), etc. Also several type specimens photos have been studied from BM, G, JE, P, S, W and WU herbaria. All the specimens of Bufonia, nearly 230, preserved in five Iranian herbaria, i.e. FAR, FUMH, IRAN, T and TARI, have been determined. The authors did a comparison between diagnostic characters of the new species and its most closely related species (Table 1). Most differences were related to reproductive structures (length and shape of outer and inner sepals, their margin width, length and shape of petal, its apex shape and seed size). Most similarities were related to plant inflorescence and growth form. Seed samples were scanned with a KYKY SEM, EM3200 model. Vouchers were scanned with Olympus SZH stereomicroscope equipped with Canon EoS 700 D camera. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) ). SYSTEMATICS Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. (Figs 1; 2) Species nova affinis Bufoniae enervis Boiss. sed differt a pedicellis glabris (nec puberulis), sepalis late ovatis ad margines 0.5-1 mm late membranaceis (nec ovato-lanceolatis et minus quam 0.5 mm late membranaceis), 4-6 mm longis (nec 3-4 mm longis), petalis late ovatis, acutis, 5-5.5 mm longis (nec ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, 2.5-3.5 mm longis), seminibus orbicularibus, 2 × 2 mm (nec late ellipticis, 2.5 × 1.5 mm). TYPUS. — Iran. Kordestan province: Saghghez, between Sonnate and Divandarre, Kuh-e Ghaleh, between Bashmagh and Jafarabad, 2300 m, 14.VII.1991, V. Mozaffarian 70066 (holo-, TARI!). SEED MORPHOLOGY. — The seeds of B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. are brown, orbicular with lateral hilum, and about 2 mm diameter. The surface has elongated testa cells on the wing and hilum of the seed (Fig. 2H-M). The periclinal wall of the testa cells is slightly convex. The anticlinal walls are Zip-shaped. DISTRIBUTION. — This endemic species was collected from west of Iran, Kordestan province (Fig. 3). The locality of type specimen in label was erroneously mentioned as Azarbaiejan province, the other notes are accurate. It grows on dry rocky slopes of a mountainous area. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the country of the type specimen, Iran. DESCRIPTION Perennial, woody at base. Stems numerous, 12-25 cm high, erect, rigid, glabrous puberulent, simple or with short branches parallel to the stem; internodes 35-40 mm long. Basal leaves connate and sheathing, lower leaves 8-10 mm 181 Ghahremaninejad F. et al. table 1. — Comparison of the new species with its close species. Characters B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem, sp. nov. B. enervis Pedicel Length sepals Shape sepals Length petals Shape petals Seed shape Glabrous 4-6 mm Broadly ovate 5-5.5 mm Ovate Orbicular Puberulent 3-4 mm Ovate-lanceolate 2.5-3.5 mm Obovate Elliptical long, upper leaves shorter, subulate, rigid, adhesive to stem, ciliolate on the margin. Bracts 3 mm long, ovate-oblong, acute, ciliolate on the margin. Inflorescence compact. Flowers crowded in few flowered (2-5 flowers) terminal or lateral cymes, subsessile or very shortly pedicellate. Pedicels very short, rigid, glabrous. The outer pair sepals 4-5 mm long, broadly ovate, acute, 5-nerved, with white 0.5-0.7 mm wide scarious margin, straw yellow or black red. The inner pair sepals 5-6 mm long, broadly ovate, acute, 5-nerved, middle nerve excurrent, with 1 mm broad white scarious margin, straw color, pale purple or pallid purpurine or reddish, glabrous. Petals 5-5.5 mm long, broadly ovate, acute. Stamens 8, 3.5 mm long. Ovary with 4 ovules. Capsule compressed, 3.5 mm long, semi-elliptic. Seeds brown, 2 × 2 mm, orbicular, laterally compressed, with few tubercles. In terms of exomorphology, the surface of the seed is constructed of regularly arranged elongate cells with zip-shaped margins. REMARKS The new species is close to Bufonia enervis but it differs with having glabrous pedicels; longer sepals (4-6 not 3-4 mm long), and wider sepals (>0.5 not 0.5 mm wide) broadly ovate in shape (not ovate-lanceolate); longer petals (5-5.5 not 2.5-3.5 mm long), broadly ovate in shape (not obovate), and acute at the top (not obtuse); and different seeds (2 × 2 not 2.5 × 1.5 mm; orbicular not broadly elliptical). The type specimen was determined as Arenaria cf. szowitsii Boiss., but with having four sepals, four petals and bivalve compressed lenticular capsule, it definitely belongs to Bufonia. Acknowledgements The authors appreciate all the following herbaria for helping to access to the plant specimens or sending photo of the type material or critical specimens: BM, FAR, FUMH, G, IRAN, JE, P, S, T, TARI, W, and WU. Special thanks to Dr John Edmondson (Kew, UK) for English editing of the manuscript. 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K. & HEUBL G. 2015. — Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Arenarieae) and its allies inferred from nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer and plastid DNA rps16 sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 178 (4): 648-669. https://doi. org/10.1111/boj.12293 SCHISCHKIN B. K. 1936. — Bufonia L., in KOMAROV V. L. (ed.), Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 6. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad: 475-479. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/ page/30223812 Submitted on 8 March 2019; accepted on 23 May 2019; published on 21 October 2019. 182 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13)