adansonia
2019 ● 41 ● 13
Directeur De la publication : Bruno David
Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle
réDacteur en chef / Editor-in-chiEf : Thierry Deroin
réDacteurs / Editors : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers
assistants De réDaction / AssistAnt Editors : Emmanuel Côtez (adanson@mnhn.fr) ; Anne Mabille
Mise en page / PAgE lAyout : Emmanuel Côtez
coMité scientifique / sciEntific boArd :
P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen)
F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse)
M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève)
J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis)
P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich)
P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier)
L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève)
F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran)
K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo)
K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg)
J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest)
P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris)
J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier)
S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo)
É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo)
P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis)
G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth)
J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra)
J. R. Wood (Oxford)
couverture / covEr :
Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. From holotype: Mozaffarian 70066.
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ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1280-8571/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1639-4798
A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae)
from the Kordestan province (Iran)
Farrokh GHAHREMANINEJAD
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal
Code 15719-14911, Tehran (Iran)
ghahremaninejad@khu.ac.ir (corresponding author)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-9976
Zahra ROSTAMI GHADI
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal
Code 15719-14911, Tehran (Iran)
rostamighadii@gmail.com
Mostafa ASSADI
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,
Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
P.O. Box 13185-1166, Tehran (Iran)
assadi@rifr-ac.ir
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3717
Atiye Nejad FALATOURY
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), postal code: 19858-13111 Tehran (Iran)
a.falatoury@areeo.ac.ir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-585X
Submitted on 8 March 2019 | accepted on 23 May 2019 | published on 21 October 2019
Ghahremaninejad F., Rostami Ghadi Z., Assadi M. & Falatoury A. N. 2019. — A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran). Adansonia, sér. 3, 41 (13): 177-182. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2019v41a13. http://adansonia.com/41/13
KEY WORDS
Alsinoideae,
Flora of Iran,
Sagineae,
seed,
new species.
ABSTRACT
During investigation of the genus Bufonia L., in various herbaria of Iran, a new species, B. iranica
Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov., was recognized and thus is described here. This new species is closely related to B. enervis, with some morphological differences such as size and shape of the
perianth, and the seed shape. A key for the species occurring in Iran, illustrations and a distribution
map of the new and related species are provided. The seed morphology was studied using a scanning
electron microscope.
MOTS CLÉS
Alsinoideae,
Flore d’Iran,
Sagineae,
graine,
espèce nouvelle.
RÉSUMÉ
Une espèce nouvelle de Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) de la province iranienne du Kurdistan.
Au cours de l’examen du genre Bufonia L. dans différents herbiers d’Iran, une nouvelle espèce (B. iranica
Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.) a été reconnue et est ici décrite. Elle est étroitement
apparentée à B. enervis Boiss., avec quelques différences dans la taille et la forme du périanthe, ainsi
que dans la forme de la graine. Une clé des espèces du genre en Iran, des illustrations et une carte
de répartition sont fournies. La morphologie de la graine a été observée au microscope à balayage.
ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris.
www.adansonia.com
177
Ghahremaninejad F. et al.
INTRODUCTION
Since the publishing of Flora Iranica’s treatment for the genus Bufonia L., the present work is the first taxonomic study
on the Iranian species of Bufonia. The genus belongs to the
family Caryophyllaceae, subfamily Alsinoideae (Rechinger
1988). The genus Bufonia is taxonomically close to the genera
Cerastium L. and the genus Sagina L. In more recent phylogenetic studies Bufonia, Colobanthus Bartl., Sagina, and
Drypis spinosa L. are placed in a clade that represents tribe
Sagineae sensu Harbaugh (Harbaugh et al. 2010; Greenberg
& Donoghue 2011).
Diagnostic morphological characteristics of this genus are
having flowers with four sepals, four tepals and a bivalve
compressed lenticular capsule. The genus is morphologically
such a complex taxon that finding the proper characters for
accurately separating species is difficult. During our work
on this genus in several Iranian herbaria, it appears that
many specimens, especially from W Iran, were mistakenly
determined at the species level. Bufonia includes nearly
35 species in the world (lçim & Behçet 2013), it is widely
distributed from Macaronesia through Turkey, and Iran to
Afghanistan; the northern boundaries of the distribution
range are in the western Iberian Peninsula, central France
and southern Switzerland and east Mediterranean region.
It continues from Serbia to Macedonia, Romania to the
southern Ukraine. In Africa, it occupies lands of Maghreb,
in Libya but it is not present in the African part of Egypt.
Southern limits of the Asian range are Sinai Peninsula, Jordan, Syria, mountainous parts of Iraq to Iran. At the eastern
edge, it grows in southern Pakistan, reaching Turkmenistan
and Transcaucasian republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan
in the north. The highest species richness is found in Iran
and NW Africa. In Europe, the genus is represented by a
few species only, often of rare occurrence (Italy, Greece). Its
complete absence in some Mediterranean islands is striking
(e.g. Sardinia, Sicily, Cyprus). Most species grow on dry
stony slopes up to alpine area (e.g. Morocco and Iran above
3000 m) (Chrtek & Křísa 1999a). The number of species
decreases to the east.
According to Flora Iranica, Bufonia includes 14 species
in Iranian plateau of which 13 grow in Iran, 10 of them
are endemics for Iran (Rechinger 1988). Based on newer
studies, B. koelzii Rech.f., an endemic species for Iran, was
transferred to genus Arenaria as A. polycnemifolia Boiss.
because of having pentamerous perianth and six-part splitting capsule (Chrtek & Křísa 1999b). According to molecular and anatomical evidences, B. koelzii is a synonym
of Eremogone polycnemifolia Boiss. (Sadeghian et al. 2015;
Mousavi et al. 2019). Additionally, B. kotschyana Boiss. was
A NEW IDENTIFICATION KEY FOR BUFONIA L. SPECIES IN IRAN
1. Annual ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
— Perennial, woody at base ............................................................................................................................... 3
2. Inflorescences are often limited to the upper part of the stem, stamens 3-4 ...................... B. parviflora Grisb.
— The flowers are all along the stem, stamens 8 ........................................................................ B. oliveriana Ser.
3. Inflorescence not congested, pedicels usually longer than sepals, up to 30 mm long ..................................... 4
— Inflorescence congested, pedicels shorter up to 10 mm long ......................................................................... 6
4. Pedicel filiform ............................................................................................................................................. 5
— Pedicel not filiform ........................................................................................ B. capsularis Boiss. & Hausskn.
5. Sepals 2-3 mm long, ovate-orbiculate, apiculate, ovule 4 ................................................... B. macrocarpa Ser.
— Sepals 2.5-4 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, ovule 4-8 .................................................. B. sintenisii Freyn.
6. Sepals puberulent or velutinous ..................................................................................................................... 7
— Sepals glabrous .............................................................................................................................................. 9
7. Pedicel glabrous, sepals up to 6 mm long ....................... B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.
— Pedicel pubescent, sepals up to 4 mm long ..................................................................................................... 8
8. Stems branched, sepals velutinous ..................................................................................... B. hebecalyx Boiss.
— Stems usually not branched, sepals glabrous or puberulent ..................................................... B. enervis Boiss.
9. Inflorescential parts with 5-12 flowers ................................................................................ B. capitata Bornm.
— Inflorescential parts with up to 5 flowers ..................................................................................................... 10
10. Sepals 2-3 mm long ....................................................................................... B. micrantha Boiss. & Hausskn.
— Sepals longer .............................................................................................................................................. 11
11. Sepals ± 6 mm long .......................................................................................... B. calycina Boiss. & Hausskn.
— Sepals 3- 5.5 mm long ................................................................................................................................ 12
12. Ovules 2 ............................................................................................................................... B. stapfii Bornm.
— Ovules 4 ........................................................................................................................... B. kotschyana Boiss.
178
ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13)
A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran)
fig. 1. — Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. From holotype: Mozaffarian 70066 (TARI).
ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13)
179
Ghahremaninejad F. et al.
A
E
B
C D
F
G
H
K
I
L
J
M
fig. 2. — A-E, Details of morphological characters of Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. (Mozaffarian 70066): A, calyx; B, upper part of sepal;
C, mature ovary; D, mature open ovary; E, petal; F, G, Bufonia enervis Boiss. (Iranshahr & Termeh 12159-E): F, calyx; G, petal; H-M, B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi
& F.Ghahrem, sp. nov.: H, seed; I, close view of the seed surface from median part of the seed at the position between hilum and abfunicular side; J, K, close
views of the seed surface at the abfunicular side; L, close view of the seed surface from median part of the seed at the hilum; M, close view of anticlinal border
between testa cells. Scale bars: A, D, E, 1.2 mm; B, 0.38 mm; C, 0.97 mm; F, 0.87 mm; G, 0. 82 mm; H, 1 mm; I-L, 100 µm; M, 10 µm.
recorded from Syria (Post 1932), but was not yet mentioned
in Flora Iranica. Most of the nine endemic species for Iran
are narrow endemic taxa. The most species of Bufonia are
distributed in the west and north west of Iran. However,
some species are also distributed in the mountainous areas
of the northeast and center of Iran. The distribution of this
genus in Iran is often limited to over 1500 meters in the
Irano-Touranian region.
180
LIST OF IRANIAN SPECIES OF BUFONIA
B. macrocarpa Ser.; distribution: Iran. Endemic.
B. sintenisii Freyn.; dist.: Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan.
B. capsularis Boiss. & Hausskn; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. capitata Bornm.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. hebecalyx Boiss.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.; dist.:
Iran. Endemic.
ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13)
A new species of Bufonia L. (Caryophyllaceae) from the Kordestan province (Iran)
40°E
45°
50°
55°
60°
65°
70°
40°S
TURKMENISTAN
TURKEY
35°
SYRIA
AFGHANISTAN
IRAQ
IRAN
30°
SAUDI ARABIA
PAKISTAN
25°
Bufonia enervis Boiss.
Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.
fig. 3. — Distribution of Bufonia iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. ( ) and Bufonia enervis Boiss. (
B. enervis Boiss.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. stapfii Bornm.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. kotschyana Boiss.; dist.: Iran, Syria.
B. calycina Boiss. & Hausskn.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. micrantha Boiss. & Hausskn.; dist.: Iran. Endemic.
B. parviflora Grisb.; dist.: Anatolia, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan,
Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Europe Macedonia, Greece,
Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia.
B. oliveriana Ser.; dist.: Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For this study, we used several important references for determination of the genus, like Flora Orientalis (Boissier 1867),
Flora of Turkey (Cullen 1967), Flora Europaea (Halliday
1966), Flora of the U.S.S.R. (Schischkin 1936), Flora Iranica
(Rechinger 1988), etc. Also several type specimens photos
have been studied from BM, G, JE, P, S, W and WU herbaria. All the specimens of Bufonia, nearly 230, preserved in
five Iranian herbaria, i.e. FAR, FUMH, IRAN, T and TARI,
have been determined.
The authors did a comparison between diagnostic characters of the new species and its most closely related species
(Table 1). Most differences were related to reproductive
structures (length and shape of outer and inner sepals, their
margin width, length and shape of petal, its apex shape and
seed size). Most similarities were related to plant inflorescence and growth form. Seed samples were scanned with a
KYKY SEM, EM3200 model. Vouchers were scanned with
Olympus SZH stereomicroscope equipped with Canon
EoS 700 D camera.
ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (13)
).
SYSTEMATICS
Bufonia iranica
Z.Rostami, Assadi & F.Ghahrem., sp. nov.
(Figs 1; 2)
Species nova affinis Bufoniae enervis Boiss. sed differt a pedicellis
glabris (nec puberulis), sepalis late ovatis ad margines 0.5-1 mm late
membranaceis (nec ovato-lanceolatis et minus quam 0.5 mm late
membranaceis), 4-6 mm longis (nec 3-4 mm longis), petalis late ovatis,
acutis, 5-5.5 mm longis (nec ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, 2.5-3.5 mm
longis), seminibus orbicularibus, 2 × 2 mm (nec late ellipticis, 2.5 ×
1.5 mm).
TYPUS. — Iran. Kordestan province: Saghghez, between Sonnate
and Divandarre, Kuh-e Ghaleh, between Bashmagh and Jafarabad,
2300 m, 14.VII.1991, V. Mozaffarian 70066 (holo-, TARI!).
SEED MORPHOLOGY. — The seeds of B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi &
F.Ghahrem., sp. nov. are brown, orbicular with lateral hilum, and
about 2 mm diameter. The surface has elongated testa cells on the
wing and hilum of the seed (Fig. 2H-M). The periclinal wall of the
testa cells is slightly convex. The anticlinal walls are Zip-shaped.
DISTRIBUTION. — This endemic species was collected from west of
Iran, Kordestan province (Fig. 3). The locality of type specimen in
label was erroneously mentioned as Azarbaiejan province, the other
notes are accurate. It grows on dry rocky slopes of a mountainous area.
ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the country of the
type specimen, Iran.
DESCRIPTION
Perennial, woody at base. Stems numerous, 12-25 cm high,
erect, rigid, glabrous puberulent, simple or with short
branches parallel to the stem; internodes 35-40 mm long.
Basal leaves connate and sheathing, lower leaves 8-10 mm
181
Ghahremaninejad F. et al.
table 1. — Comparison of the new species with its close species.
Characters
B. iranica Z.Rostami, Assadi &
F.Ghahrem, sp. nov.
B. enervis
Pedicel
Length sepals
Shape sepals
Length petals
Shape petals
Seed shape
Glabrous
4-6 mm
Broadly ovate
5-5.5 mm
Ovate
Orbicular
Puberulent
3-4 mm
Ovate-lanceolate
2.5-3.5 mm
Obovate
Elliptical
long, upper leaves shorter, subulate, rigid, adhesive to stem,
ciliolate on the margin. Bracts 3 mm long, ovate-oblong,
acute, ciliolate on the margin. Inflorescence compact. Flowers crowded in few flowered (2-5 flowers) terminal or lateral
cymes, subsessile or very shortly pedicellate. Pedicels very
short, rigid, glabrous. The outer pair sepals 4-5 mm long,
broadly ovate, acute, 5-nerved, with white 0.5-0.7 mm wide
scarious margin, straw yellow or black red. The inner pair
sepals 5-6 mm long, broadly ovate, acute, 5-nerved, middle
nerve excurrent, with 1 mm broad white scarious margin,
straw color, pale purple or pallid purpurine or reddish, glabrous. Petals 5-5.5 mm long, broadly ovate, acute. Stamens
8, 3.5 mm long. Ovary with 4 ovules. Capsule compressed,
3.5 mm long, semi-elliptic. Seeds brown, 2 × 2 mm, orbicular, laterally compressed, with few tubercles. In terms
of exomorphology, the surface of the seed is constructed of
regularly arranged elongate cells with zip-shaped margins.
REMARKS
The new species is close to Bufonia enervis but it differs with
having glabrous pedicels; longer sepals (4-6 not 3-4 mm
long), and wider sepals (>0.5 not 0.5 mm wide) broadly
ovate in shape (not ovate-lanceolate); longer petals (5-5.5
not 2.5-3.5 mm long), broadly ovate in shape (not obovate),
and acute at the top (not obtuse); and different seeds (2 × 2
not 2.5 × 1.5 mm; orbicular not broadly elliptical). The type
specimen was determined as Arenaria cf. szowitsii Boiss.,
but with having four sepals, four petals and bivalve compressed lenticular capsule, it definitely belongs to Bufonia.
Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate all the following herbaria for helping
to access to the plant specimens or sending photo of the type
material or critical specimens: BM, FAR, FUMH, G, IRAN,
JE, P, S, T, TARI, W, and WU. Special thanks to Dr John
Edmondson (Kew, UK) for English editing of the manuscript. The two referees helped us in revising the manuscript
through their useful comments, which are highly appreciated.
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Submitted on 8 March 2019;
accepted on 23 May 2019;
published on 21 October 2019.
182
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