ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM Fascicle 17(1) THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 &quot;Species New &amp; Old in Epidendrum&quot;

Eric  Hágsater; Carlos Uribe-Velez; Luis Valenzuela Gamarra; Guillaume Viscardi; Julian Duarte

100 species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) are illustrated and described, botanical drawing and in most cases a color photo. 77 are new to Sciencie, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. The Paniculatum subgroup is illustrated and resolved, and the Densiflorum group respolved.

ISSN 0188-4018 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM Fascicle 17(1) THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 “Species New & Old in Epidendrum” Editors: Eric Hágsater & Elizabeth Santiago CONTRIBUTORS TO FASCICLE 17(1) Authors: Illustrators: Photographers: Eric Hágsater Elizabeth Santiago Ayala José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas Luis Valenzuela Gamarra Anaís Cisneros García Bosco Javier Zambrano Romero Carlos Uribe Vélez Ramiro Medina Trejo Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez Irving Julian Duarte Salinas Freddy Orlando Espinosa Gamboa Marcos Salas Guerrero Benjamín Collantes Meza Pierre Courtinard Louison Charly Guillaume Viscardi Viviane Pagnussat Klein Edlley Max Pessoa Adam Karremans Diego Francisco Tobar Suárez Margoth Elizabeth Acuña Tarazona Anaís Cisneros García Rolando Jiménez Machorro Eric Hágsater Luis Valenzuela Gamarra Bosco Javier Zambrano Romero Adam Karremans Layon Oreste Demarchi Louison Charly Pierre Courtinard Eric Hágsater Rolando Jiménez Machorro José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas Luis Valenzuela Gamarra Bosco Javier Zambrano Romero Gustavo A. Romero Erica Morón de Abad Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez Alex Gustavo Díaz Hernández Oscar Alejandro Pérez Escobar Freddy Orlando Espinosa Gamboa Rudy Gelis Marcos Salas Guerrero Diego Francisco Tobar Suárez Edwal A. Rimarachin Mena Andreas Kay † Gary Yong Louison Charly Juan Javier Donoso Brian Perkins Pierre Courtinard Luiz Filipe Varella Cristian Camilo Rivera Jiménez Benjamín Collantes Meza Montañas Calizas 490, Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000, Ciudad de México, MÉXICO © Derechos Reservados, 2019. Instituto Chinoin, A.C. ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM Fascicle 17(1), plates 1701 to 1756 THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 “Species New & Old in Epidendrum” Reference Map TROPICAL AMERICA (numbers refer to the portions of the map used in individual plates) 3 1 7 2 8 14 10 4 9 5 12 6 13 11 Editorial Committee THIAGO ERIR CADETE MENEGUZZO GERARDO A. SALAZAR CHÁVEZ ADAM KARREMANS Mexico Costa Rica BENJAMÍN COLLANTES MEZA GÜNTER GERLACH GUSTAVO A. ROMERO Brazil Peru United States Germany Reviewers Patricia Harding Luis Valenzuela Gamarra United States Perú Perú Ecuador United States United States Benjamín Collantes Meza Kanchi Natarajan Gandhi William Nauray Huari Perú Karen Sofía Gil Amaya Colombia Rolando Jiménez Machorro México Carlos James Naranjo Franco Ecuador Delsy María Trujillo Chávez Perú Alex Gustavo Díaz Hernández Perú Astrid Domy Gutiérrez Ruiz Perú Landy Alexander Damián Parizaca Perú Adam Karremans Costa Rica Esteban Domínguez Vargas Colombia Luis Ocupa Horna Perú Bosco Javier Zambrano Romero Gustavo A. Romero Elizabeth Santiago Ayala México Xavier Cornejo Ecuador Leticia Abdala Berzunza México-Colombia Robinson Galindo Tarazona Colombia Joel Maciel Pereira Cordeiro Brazil Guillermo Alberto Reina Rodríguez Colombia Juan Sebastián Moreno Colombia Marco Marcelo Jiménez León Ecuador Milton Rincón González Colombia Santiago Mesa Arango Colombia ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM Fascicle 17(1), plates 1701 to 1756 THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 “Species New* & Old in Epidendrum” Index FOREWORD....................................................................................................................................... I Dr. Robert Louis Dressler...............................................................................................................II-VI Appendix 1: Species described by and dedicated to Robert L. Dressler....................................VII-XVII Appendix 2: Corrections to earlier volumes................................................................................XVIII Epidendrum acrolithophilum Hágsater & E.Santiago*......................................................................1701 Epidendrum albomarginatum Rchb.f. .............................................................................................1702 Epidendrum ampliracemum C.Schweinf. .......................................................................................1703 Epidendrum apahuense Mansf. .....................................................................................................1704 Epidendrum aquilalatum Hágsater & E.Santiago*............................................................................1705 Epidendrum azuayense Hágsater & E.Santiago*.............................................................................1706 Epidendrum beatricis Hágsater & Uribe Vélez*..............................................................................1707 Epidendrum brevicallosum Hágsater & E.Santiago*........................................................................1708 Epidendrum camilae Collantes & Hágsater* ..................................................................................1709 Epidendrum caranquii Hágsater & Salas-Guerr.* ............................................................................1710 Epidendrum chloronanum Hágsater & Cisneros*............................................................................1711 Epidendrum choccei M.E.Acuña, Hágsater & E.Santiago.................................................................1712 Epidendrum citroserpens Hágsater, Cisneros & J.Duarte*................................................................1713 Epidendrum coroshaense Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago*............................................................1714 Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard*........................................................................1715 Epidendrum cuencanum Schltr. .....................................................................................................1716 Epidendrum cyparisii Hágsater, Charly & Viscardi*..........................................................................1717 Epidendrum deorsus Hágsater & E.Santiago*...................................................................................1718 Epidendrum × elongatum Jacq. .....................................................................................................1719 Epidendrum falsigarayi Hágsater & Karremans*...............................................................................1720 Epidendrum fruticetorum Schltr. ....................................................................................................1721 Epidendrum garayi Løjtnant ...........................................................................................................1722 Epidendrum gelisii Hágsater* ........................................................................................................ 1723 Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth ..................................................................................................1724 Epidendrum geminiochraceum Hágsater, E.Santiago & Medina Tr.*..................................................1725 Epidendrum grenadense Hágsater & E.Santiago*............................................................................1726 Epidendrum holochilum (Schltr.) Mansf. ex Hágsater ......................................................................1727 Epidendrum idroboi Hágsater*.......................................................................................................1728 Epidendrum integrinanum Hágsater*..............................................................................................1729 Epidendrum labrychilum Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago*...............................................................1730 Epidendrum lanioides Schltr. ..........................................................................................................1731 Epidendrum leuconanum Hágsater & L.Valenz.*.............................................................................1732 Epidendrum macroilinizae Hágsater, Cisneros & J.Duarte*...............................................................1733 Epidendrum magnicallosum C.Schweinf. .......................................................................................1734 Epidendrum magnisaxicola Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago*...........................................................1735 Epidendrum mamapachae Hágsater, F.O.Espinoza & E.Santiago*..................................................... 1736 Epidendrum maniespinosarum Hágsater & F.O.Espinoza*............................................................... 1737 Epidendrum massif-hottense Hágsater* ......................................................................................... 1738 Epidendrum megagastrium Lindl. .................................................................................................. 1739 Epidendrum meracryptanthum Hágsater & E.Santiago*.................................................................. 1740 Epidendrum milpoënse Hágsater & E.Santiago*.............................................................................. 1741 THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Epidendrum montischillaense Hágsater, E.Santiago & Zambrano*................................................... 1742 Epidendrum morochoi Hágsater*.................................................................................................. 1743 Epidendrum neoporpax Ames....................................................................................................... 1744 Epidendrum × obrienianum Rolfe ..................................................................................................1745 Epidendrum orbicordichilum Hágsater & E.Santiago*......................................................................1746 Epidendrum palalabrum Hágsater*................................................................................................ 1747 Epidendrum praeteritum Hágsater*............................................................................................... 1748 Epidendrum puniceoluteum F.Pinheiro & F.Barros........................................................................... 1749 Epidendrum rimarachinii Hágsater*............................................................................................... 1750 Epidendrum riverae Hágsater*....................................................................................................... 1751 Epidendrum rocioae Hágsater & Vásquez*..................................................................................... 1752 Epidendrum trullatum Hágsater, L.Valenz. & E.Santiago*.................................................................1753 Epidendrum tundaycirrhatum Hágsater & Tobar*............................................................................ 1754 Epidendrum vesicinanum Hágsater & L.Valenz.* ............................................................................1755 Epidendrum xelidorimarachinii Hágsater & E.Santiago*...................................................................1756 Publication dates: Volume 1 was published on 26 February 1990 Volume 2 was published on 11 October 1993 Volume 3 was published on 25 March 1999 Volume 4 was published on 8 August 2001 Volume 5-6 was published on 9 June 2003 Volume 7 was published on 13 January 2005 Volume 8 was published on 1 June 2006 Volume 9 was published on 18 May 2007 Volume 10 was published on 11 June 2008 Volume 11 was published on 3 December 2008 Volume 12 was published on 16 December 2009 Volume 13 was published on 10 December 2010 Volume 14 was published on 31 May 2013 Volume 15(1) part 11 was published on 26 May 2015 Volume 15(2) part 11 was published on 19 July 2016 Volume 16(1) part 12 was published on 24 January 2018 Volume 16(2) part 12 was published on 30 November 2018 Volume 17(1) part 13 is published on 21 October 2019 THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM Fascicle 17(1), plates 1701 to 1756 THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 Species New & Old in Epidendrum Foreword We are dedicating this issue to Robert Louis Dressler (1927-2019) who passed away last week at his home in Paraiso de Cartago, Costa Rica, and has been my mentor and inspiration as a botanist for nearly the past 50 years and set the standards for our work at the AMO Herbarium. A biography written by his wife, Kerry Radcliffe Dressler is appended. It has been ten months since the last issue of Icones appeared, and thanks to the collaboration of numerous botanists and amateurs throughout the Neotropics, we can present another addition to The Genus Epidendrum, in this case, part 13. Of the 56 species included, 40 are new to science. They correspond to Peru 18, Ecuador 17, Colombia 9, Martinique 2, Granada 1 and Haiti 1; some are found in several countries. A couple of other species have been recently described in scientific journals and are here illustrated. Do check Appendix 1, for corrections to earlier volumes of Icones. Of special interest are the new species of Martinique thanks to the collaboration of Louison Charly and Pierre Courtinard, who have helped us untangle the variation of the Epidendrum secundum complex with the description of a new species which is responsible for the hybrid swarm produced when crossed back and forth with Epidendrum secundum. In addition, it turns out that Epidendrum × elongatum, said to have come from Caracas, is part of that swarm, and thus we are changing it to hybrid status. The plate published by Jacquin in 1792 coincides perfectly with photographs supplied by Pierre. Other names are also considered to be part of the hybrid swarm and thus become synonyms. Fortunately, more and more collaborators are able to prepare photographic series of the plants they collect, and we can thus present many of the species with Lankester Composite Digital Plates (LCDP). Adam Karremans has helped us prepare better plates and has promoted the technique in several Orchid Conferences held in Andean countries. With this technique in a couple of hours a good photographic series can be taken and then the plate prepared. We do not always have all the views we would like, but with these images, and digital publication, making our publication available freely to anybody through the internet, more people are taking interest in identifying their material and sharing it. We are now also working on digital interactive keys, with Dallwitz' DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA) version 30th September 2016 system, whereby species are described through a matrix of over 200 characters and several character states, thus permitting the identification of species even if key characters are not available as happens with traditional binary keys. A key to the species of the Epidendrum macrostachyum group is in the process of being uploaded to our site: www.herbarioamo.org We hope that orchid enthusiasts will try and use it to identify their live or pressed material, and give us feed-back to ameliorate the process. We tried to use the system many years back, but home computers did not have the computing power to deal with some 200 characters with up to six or more-character states. Unfortunately, Andreas Kay a German nature photographer living in Ecuador since 2011 passed away on October 8, 2019 in Puyo, Ecuador. We are publishing a photograph by Andreas of Epidendrum orbicordichilum, a new species, in this volume. A gallery of his photographs is online at https://andreaskay.org/gallery.html Eric Hágsater October 2019 Mexico City Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A. and Zurcher, E. J., 1999 onwards. User´s guide to the DELTA System: a general system for processing taxonomic descriptions. delta-inkey.com I Robert Louis Dressler (1927 – 2019) A Biologist for All Seasons By Kerry Radcliffe Dressler Bob Dressler and a Sobralia somewhere in Costa Rica, 2014. Robert Louis Dressler was born on the 2nd of June 1927 during the Great American Depression in rural Taney County, Missouri. Taney County is in the Ozark Mountains, home of the hillbillies, a fiercely independent but very poor people. His father, Myrl, was an Electrician who also farmed 30+ acres of rocky ground to put food on the family table. Chickens and goats were his pets and early photos show him with his pet goats at his side. From the age of 4 he would wander around the farm following the goats. He was born curious and this set the stage for his love of nature for the rest of his life. In November of 1937, Myrl was cutting wood when he hit a knot and the saw kicked back and cut his hand. Four days later he was dead of a pulmonary embolism leaving his heavily pregnant wife, 10-year-old Bob and 3-year-old Margaret to struggle on without him. Rachel Catherine Quigley Dressler, known as Katie to her friends, found that running a hardscrabble farm with two small children and an infant was impossible, so she moved the family to Inglewood, California to start a new life closer to her own family. Katie passed away at the age of 93. Bob found himself at the age of 10 the man of the family. He did well in school but was always quiet and serious in nature. He rode his bicycle all over Inglewood, which was still rural in those days. As a teenager, he discovered a small private zoo owned by the famed herpetologist, Grace Olive Wiley. Grace's zoo became his escape, and he spent every spare hour helping her clean and feed her extensive snake and lizard collection. He already felt at home handling snakes and family photos show him with small snakes when he was young and still living in Missouri. The older he became, the larger his pet snakes were. Mrs. Wiley had a definite influence on his teenage years and his love of all things Herpetological during his later life, but we have to wonder if his Mother was aware of his extracurricular activities. Robert graduated from Gardena High School in the Los Angeles City High School District in January of 1945 and was promptly drafted by the U.S. Army in the final months of World War II. The war ended shortly after his enlistment and the Army trained him in accounting to work at mustering out the soldiers coming home from overseas. During this time the word was passed around that anyone who had been accepted into a university program could muster out quickly. Robert immediately took a weekend pass and returned to Los Angeles where he applied and was accepted into the University of Southern California then returned to base to finalize his Army career. Robert had registered for a course in zoology his first semester at USC but the professor teaching the course wasn't very interesting and he regretted his choice immediately. The second semester he enrolled in a botany course and never looked back. His major professor in botany was Louis C. Wheeler who worked in Euphorbiaceae and encouraged Robert's collection of Euphorbs for the university's herbarium. Bob had studied Spanish in high school and had been raised with Mexican neighbors. By the time he finished high school he was already fairly fluent in the language and he and another university student, Claude Jobe spent every chance they could collecting in California and Baja California where his language skills were in frequent use. During this time, he wrote The Pre-Colombian Cultivated Plants of Mexico mostly from written material. Dr. Rollins, a friend of Dr. Wheeler's who taught at Harvard, was impressed by this work and Harvard University published it in the Botanical Museum Leaflets 16(6) of 1953. In 1951 Robert left USC with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Botany, Cum Laude and membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 II ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 With his degree from USC and the encouragement of Dr. Wheeler, Robert was given a scholarship to Harvard University for his doctoral studies. His major professor at Harvard was Reed C. Rollins, who was one of the founders of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) and the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS). Dr. Rollins financed several field trips Robert took to Mexico to make collections for the Gray Herbarium at Harvard and he began his taxonomic study of orchids during this time. Robert has a photo taken in the early 1950s on one of his first expeditions into Chiapas and the Laguna Ocotal and Lacandón forest of southern Mexico in his usual pose of covered in mud and holding a blooming orchid in his hand. He received his Doctor of Philosophy in Biology from Harvard in 1957 with the dissertation: The Genus Pedilanthus (Euphorbiaceae). During this time he also worked as a botanist at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. While at Harvard, he attended meetings of the American Orchid Society which was based in Boston at Harvard University at the time. There he met Mariano Ospina Hernandez, son of a Colombian President who shared his love of orchids. Robert visited Mariano and his wife Helena at their home in Medellin and they collaborated on his first book: Orquídeas de Las Americas, published in Colombia in 1974. Bob in 1954 in Laguna Ocotal Grande, Chiapas México. In 1958 Robert left Harvard and joined the Missouri Botanical Gardens as a taxonomist and editor of the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, where he stayed until 1963. He was also an instructor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri teaching Plant Geography and General Plant Biology and was appointed Assistant Professor there from 1961 – 1963. Over the many years to come Bob collaborated with MBOT, working with many Botanists there Including Tom Croat, James Duke, William Stern, Al Gentry, Barry Hammel, Helen Kennedy, the list goes on and on. Bob was an Editor and contributor for the Orchid sections of two Flora for MBOT. Another of his frequent companions in fieldwork was Dr. Calaway (Cal) H. Dodson. Bob and Cal collaborated on numerous projects over the years. In 1960 they began working on a classification of the Maxillaria of the Americas and together they developed a system of scents they used to attract the bees that pollinate many orchids. On a collecting trip to the Republic of Panamá in 1963, they met Dr. Martin Moynihan who had been appointed the Resident Naturalist for the Smithsonian Institute's Tropical Field Station in the Panamanian Canal Area in 1957. Martin's focus was on primate behavior and he was essentially the only scientist on staff at the Field Station on Barro Colorado Island which is located in Lake Gatun in part of the waters that make up the Panama Canal. Martin mentioned he was looking for staff scientists and Robert returned to Missouri with visions of living in the tropics on a more permanent basis. He wrote to Dr. Moynihan in April of 1963, was hired in May of that year and arrived on the first of August as Dr. Moynihan's first addition to what became known as the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). Martin was putting together the budget for the Field Station in 1964-65 and he wrote Robert for his requirements for equipment and expenses during his first year's work in Panamá. Robert's return letter indicates the basic needs of a tropical taxonomist of this period: “I don't believe I will be a great drain on the budget this year, I have my own machete and typewriter, and my other material needs will not be very great. I believe that there is already a good dissecting microscope there, and I think I'll get myself a pair of field glasses before I go. I will need some good plant press cardboard (say 500). The Turtox price is $7.00/100, but we can probably get them at a lower price than that. I believe there are some good blotters there already and I have some of my own. I will also want a batch of plain newspaper stock. Old newspapers will do, of course, but blank paper is a little better. I've never purchased it myself, but I'm sure the Turtox price of %1.25/100 is ridiculous. I can scout around for it in the Zone after I get there. 35 or 40 dollars should be enough to allow for this item. I will rig up a dryer, but that will only need some light bulbs, a small fan and some cheap lumber. I'm sure there will be various and sundry small items, but nothing large that I can think of, so that $50.00 or $75.00 of “misc” should certainly cover any further things that I'll need this first year.” (Letter to M. Moynihan dated June 3, 1963) Dr. Moynihan's return letter dated June 12, 1963 showed his surprise when he said: “You certainly don't seem to need much in the way of equipment. Hardly up to Civil Service standards! Are you sure that you don't want something expensive in fiscal year 1965?” Bob lived on Barro Colorado Island for the first two years. This was a perfect place to set up Cal's scents and start his collection of the orchid bees and their pollinia. The Tropical Field Station was renamed the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and soon became an important destination for biologists, universities, students, in short, anyone interested in fieldwork in the tropics. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 III ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 The Smithsonian provided the infrastructure and its treaties with the Government of Panama allowed scientists from around the world to visit and work in relative comfort. Scholarships were offered for outstanding students both undergraduates and postdocs. Weekly talks over lunch were given by the growing number of permanent staff scientists as well as visiting scientists and students reporting on their research in progress. It was an exciting place to be and a vast amount of fieldwork has been produced over the years. During this period STRI added two marine stations one on either side of the canal, offices and a library on Ancon Hill in the old Canal Zone and eventually the large new Tivoli office building and library on the site of the old Tivoli Hotel at the bottom of Ancon Hill between the Canal Zone and Panama City. Part of Bob's job description was to escort visitors in the field. He never lost his love of field work and spent every spare moment out of the office exploring Panamá. Whenever he could get access into a new area perhaps where trees were being logged such as the mining camp on Cerro Colorado, or the dam being constructed in Fortuna, Chiriquí Province, Bob and a few visiting friends would head out in his old green jeep to see what they could rescue from the fallen trees. He always carried rope, a shovel, and extra food and often needed the winch on the front of the jeep and chains for the wheels to get out of mud or across a small river. Heavy rain, a frequent occurrence in Panamá at sea level, often meant a small stream that you drove through in the morning might be a raging torrent on your return. Norris Williams first met Bob in Panamá in 1965 while taking Owen Sexton's course in Tropical Ecology from Washington University. He became interested in the orchid bees he saw coming in to two gongoras Bob had setup and asked where he could learn more about the bees. Bob recommended Cal Dodson. Cal couldn't help Norris immediately as he was in Peru that year on a Fulbright Scholarship, so Norris finished a master's degree at the University of Alabama then applied for a pre-doctoral internship with Bob at STRI in Panamá. He was the first of a host of students that moved into Bob's office, left for their doctorates then returned with their own students. After completing his PhD, Norris would bring groups of students on field trips and Bob would take them all over Panamá. These students, in turn, came back to STRI for pre or postdoctoral grants and then left for careers around the world. Among them were: Jim Ackerman, Alec Pridgeon, John Atwood, Jim Folsom, Mark Whitten and Helen Kennedy. Bob was like a spider at the center of his web. Everyone came to him eventually. Meanwhile all these students became collaborators in his work and were people with whom he could share his ideas. In between fieldwork he was publishing new species and forming his ideas on the classification of the orchids in publications in Mexico and Colombia, collaborating with Glenn Pollard who lived and studied orchids in Mexico and Mariano Ospina who was doing the same in Colombia. Robert shared his ideas on classification of the orchids at the 7th World Orchid Conference in Colombia in 1972. Followed in 1974 by the publishing of two books which he co-authored: The Genus Encyclia in Mexico with Glenn Pollard, edited by Eric Hágsater, published by the Asociación Mexicana de Orquideología, and Orquídeas de las Americas with Mariano Ospina published in Bogota, Colombia. Guillermo Misas†, Father Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso, S.J.†, Bob† and Eric Hágsater, 1983, Colombia Robert had lived a relatively solitary life after leaving Harvard until 1975 when he met Kerry Radcliffe in the library at his Ancon office. Kerry was identifying butterflies for Gordon Small, her calculus professor from the Canal Zone College. She was in the process of divorcing her first husband who was stationed in Panamá with the US Air Force and enrolled in the College to hopefully finish a degree in mathematics in order to support her two small children, Summer age 6 and Jay age 5. Gordon had encouraged her to help him with his collecting and introduced her to the tropical forests. For a girl raised in a small town north of Boston it was a real eye opener. Kerry fell in love with all things tropical. Gordon introduced Kerry to Bob and asked if they could accompany him to any new areas he was making trips to. Their first trip was to the Rio Guánche. They parked and then crossed a wide shallow stream before starting to climb the hills on the other side. Gordon stayed by the cars to collect his butterflies and Kerry was encouraged to follow Bob because Gordon didn't want to offend Bob by ignoring him. Bob needed to cover a larger area looking for new plants while Gordon was happier remaining near a flowering bush to see what butterflies would come to him. Bob was a walker. The only thing Kerry got to see that morning was Bob's back as he walked out of sight up a hill or over rocks. She arrived where Bob had stopped for lunch just as he finished eating and took off down the trail back to the cars. Kerry was more than ready to head back as it had started to rain heavily and followed Bob back to the “shallow” stream which was now a raging torrent as water rushed from the upper reaches of the river towards the ocean. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 IV ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Obviously, there was no way to cross and they had to wait for the water level to drop so they spent an hour or so just talking and waiting. Surprisingly, the avid botanist and soon to be divorcee found they had a common love of the natural world and had many other things in common. That quiet time together sparked a friendship that only ended with Bob's death 44 years later. They started going into the field regularly, and if Gordon wasn't available, Bob and Kerry went alone or with any visiting scientists or students. Kerry with a collecting net for butterflies. Bob soon proposed the idea that if Kerry would take photos for him, he could concentrate on looking for plants. He'd loan her his old Voightlander camera and pay the film and developing if she would learn how to take the photos. Kerry, being more technologically oriented, got a few books and started learning all she could about photography. At first only a few photos on a roll were useable but with practice this improved and Kerry went on to learn other areas of photography such a film development and using the enlarger. She began using STRI's darkroom equipment and making slides for Bob's presentations. Eventually she claimed the Ancon darkroom and introduced color Cibachrome printing and enjoyed helping students solve photographic problems for their research projects. From 1975 on, Bob and Kerry would spend a good deal of time in the field with visitors like Carl and Jane Luer, Norris and his students, visiting scientists from Europe and whoever the Missouri Botanical Gardens had sent down to live in Panamá that year to collect for them. These Pre or Post Doc students would each spend a year living in a small mobile home, collecting as many different plants as possible and pressing them for shipment back to Missouri. A number of these students have gone on to successful careers in Botany such as Jim Folsom, Sandy Knapp and Barry Hammel just to name a few. When Kerry's divorce became final, she had to leave Panamá as she was no longer sponsored by the US Military. When she went to his office to return his camera and told him she was leaving, his reply was “why not stay here with me. You're a good field companion and photographer and we get along well” Kerry was not looking for another entanglement and said “No thank you rather forcefully”. Bob was insistent and on 2nd thought she reconsidered and said she would think about his offer. Perhaps he was asking for a date not a lifelong commitment, but he got both. Bob and Kerry were married 14 months later on his 50th birthday, June 2, 1977, at Marie Selby Botanical Gardens with Carl and Jane Luer as Best Man and Matron of Honor. Bob and Kerry soon became tired of the traffic and living in Panama City and eventually found a double-wide mobile home that they could purchase and move into an overgrown area of Curundú that the US Army had once built barracks on. The Smithsonian rented several lots and Mike and Barbara Robinson installed their own mobile home across the street. Bob Silberglied and Annette Aiello added more STRI personnel to the area. The quiet and having an area for a garden and no close neighbors made this area perfect. Mike and Barbara were like having grandparents across the street for Summer and Jay, and if Bob and Kerry were overdue on a day collecting trip, they could count on the Robinsons to look after the children when they returned home from school. During the next 8 years before retiring from STRI, Bob circumnavigated the globe twice while attending World Orchid or Botanical Conferences and solidifying his thoughts on classification of the orchids. Kerry went along as photographer. Bob was also invited by Dr. Arturo Gomez Pompa to teach a course on Orchids at his Institute in Xalapa, Mexico. Kerry, Summer and Jay fell in love with Mexico and its varied foods while living in an apartment above a great Mexican restaurant, La Fogata Norteña. Bob made this a special time in their lives by sharing his love of Mexico and many friends there. Gerardo Salazar, Roberto González Tamayo†, Bob†, Eric Hágsater, Rodolfo Solano and Miguel A. Soto†, at the inauguration of the Herbario AMO, 2002, Mexico City. On his many trips to Mexico, Bob traveled extensively with Eric Hágsater and Norris Williams, discovering numerous New species including a new Poinsettia (Euphorbiaceae). Through the years Bob and Eric would meet and make field trips to Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia and Ecuador. In addition to publishing new species, they eventually published The Orchids of Mexico in 2005, co-authored with Miguel Soto, Gerardo Salazar, Rolando Jiménez and Marco López, all of the team of the Herbario AMO in Mexico City. A second printing of the Spanish version was published in 2015. Through their joint field trips, Bob promoted a strong working group around the Herbario AMO, with many papers published in Orquídea (México City) and Icones Orchidacearum. Bob had close ties to the people of Panamá. He worked with the University of Panamá and the head of its herbarium, Dr. Mireya Correa. He was a member of most of the country's orchid societies and co-founded the Panama City society with Walter Maduro. Walter and his son Andres were well to do Panamanians who were leaders in the orchid community in Panamá. Walter had a beautiful country home in El Valle de Antón in Coclé Province and Bob and Kerry would often make the weekend trek from Panama City to the weekend market there. Guaymí Indians would come to the market from their homes in the mountains bringing orchids to sell. This was a great source of scarce or unknown species of orchids for Walter and Bob. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 V ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Walter's son Andres bought property above Cerro Punta at about 2000 meters and perfect for growing orchids. Andres' farm was named Finca Dracula after his favorite genera of orchids and his extensive collections brought many Botanists to work with them. Bob named five species after Andres including Cyrtochilum maduroi, Oncidium maduroi, Sobralia maduroi, Stanhopea maduroi and Telipogon maduroi. Andres, Bob and Kerry were close friends for many years until Andres' death and spent a great deal of time working together in Panamá. Bob used his talks at the 1976 World Orchid Conference in Frankfurt, Germany and the 1981 13th International Botanical Congress Orchid Symposium in Sydney, Australia as excuses for two extended trips that circumnavigated the globe. He finally met Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott in Frankfurt with whom he'd been corresponding and sending orchid seeds to see more of his work on scanning electron microphotography of the seeds. He and Kerry looked for and photographed Old World orchids like Neuwiedia and Apostasia in Malaysia and Australia. The trip in 1976 and the trip to Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia in 1981 produced not only hundreds of photographic slides but friends Bob would collaborate with in the future. Everywhere he went he incorporated his findings into what became his first major book on the classification of the orchids. Many of the photographs taken on these trips were used in the volume which was printed and released by Harvard University Press in 1981, The Orchids Natural History and Classification which has become a classic in orchid literature. In 1984 Dora Emilia de Retana, the Director of the Lankester Botanical Gardens in Cartago, Costa Rica, asked Bob to come up from Panamá and present a short course on classification of the orchids at the Universidad de Costa Rica in San Jose. Bob and Kerry had been regular visitors to Costa Rica, collecting and collaborating with Costa Rican botanists like Raphael Lucas Rodriguez since Bob began working there in the early 1960s. He often attended local orchid shows as a guest judge and Dora Emilia had heard a presentation he had given and was excited at the prospect of him teaching a full semester in Costa Rica. Bob spent one half of a sabbatical year in Costa Rica with his family and collected and photographed many Costa Rican species. The local orchid societies were always ready for a field trip and between those and his official course trips he covered much of the country. The idea of a field guild to the two countries he knew so well was already taking form and after retiring from STRI would lead to his book: Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama, published by Cornell University Press in 1993. Bob took the second half of his sabbatical year in Florida at the herbarium of the University of Florida in Gainesville in early 1985. Norris Williams was Keeper of the Herbarium and told Bob about a project looking for a botanist to produce a book on the wetland species of plants in Florida. It was time for a break from Panama, so the family moved to Gainesville, Florida and with Bob as botanist and Kerry as photographer they covered every wet spot in the state and neighboring states of Georgia and Alabama. This was a completely different direction for him but he loved the challenge. Bob retired from STRI in 1986 and moved to Florida by the end of 1985. He continued working at the University of Florida as an Associate Curator of the herbarium and finished the Identification Manual for Wetland Species of Florida which was published in 1987. Missouri Botanical Gardens then put him on staff again as a curator working as editor on the orchid treatments for two floras: Manual de la Flora de Costa Rica and Flora Mesoamericana from 2004 until 2006. He worked on these in the herbarium of the University of Florida as well as with frequent contact with his collaborators throughout Latin America. Orchids were never far from his mind, and he was already planning his Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama and his book on the many changes in classification: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family, both of which were published in 1993. Taxonomy and classification were becoming more a laboratory and mathematical problem rather than a visual one that could be studied with a dissecting microscope. Now a scanning electron microscope was essential as well as more expensive laboratory equipment. It is interesting to note that Bob's ideas on classification were in many respects validated. Even the internet acknowledged his classification as it was the officially accepted classification of Wikipedia unknown to Bob who never used a computer for anything other than email and typing manuscripts. Bob always maintained an open and curious mind to the new developments in classification and rather than his classification remaining static, he incorporated ideas and work from the various working groups in places like the Jodrell Laboratory at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England and Norris Williams Laboratory at the University of Florida. Another person who has been a great collaborator and friend is the displaced Italian, Franco Pupulin. Franco says he first met Bob in Xalapa, Mexico at the 5th Simposio Latinoamericano de Diversidad y Conservación de Orquídeas in 1993. They have had a great friendship that continued with Franco's move to Costa Rica. Bob and Kerry met with him frequently on trips to Costa Rica over the years and he was instrumental in Bob accepting his last official position with Lankester Gardens in 2005. Jorge Warner was a student of Dora Emilia de Retana and followed her as the next Director of Lankester Botanical Gardens. He was a student when he attended Bob's Orchid course during 1984 at the Universidad de Costa Rica. He and Franco Pupulin and Carlos Ossenbach approached Bob to come back to Costa Rica as Scientific Coordinator of the investigators at Lankester Gardens. Franco was already there and was spurring enthusiasm for building Lankester's position as an important research station in Latin America and later the world. Bob's bags were packed before he sent his acceptance letter and he and Kerry left for Costa Rica in March of 2005. He spent his last years working at Lankester with an emphasis on the Sobralias. He and Kerry bought a small “Tico” home just around the corner from Lankester and eventually both became naturalized citizens. Before his retirement in 2015 he was Director of Lankester for about 6 months while the Gardens waited for the arrival of Dr. Mario Blanco, a doctoral student of Norris Williams and native Costa Rican to arrive and take over the Director's position. Bob had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease in 2014, but he stayed on staff because the University of Costa Rica had passed a new regulation that Directors of the various University units had to hold a Doctorate degree and no one else at Lankester had one at that time. Mario was the perfect fit for the Director's position but wasn't ready to return to Costa Rica yet, so Bob took the job to keep the position open. Since then two of Franco and Bob's protégées have finished Doctorate degrees, Dr. Adam Karremans, the current Director of the gardens, and Dr. Diego Bogarin and Bob's last master's student, Melania Fernandez Campos is currently working toward her's under Dr. Jyotsna Sharma in Texas. With the addition of Bob Dressler to their staff, Lankester has grown into a highly respected institution known around the world. His last years there from 2005 until 2015 were very productive and he published 49 articles and named a total of 37 new sobralias with the students and staff of Lankester frequently as co-authors. Bob's retirement at the age of 88 was due more to his memory loss from advancing Alzheimer's Disease rather than from his advanced age. He remained healthy and ready to go into the field at a moment's notice and was treated as a beloved Grandfather by all the personnel at the Gardens. He would visit to share a cup of coffee with students and catch up with their work from time to time, then walk back to his home and garden just around the corner. Kerry, his wife and companion for so many years posted this announcement of his death on her Facebook page: I am sorry to report that my husband of 42 years, Robert Dressler, died at 10 PM Tuesday, October 15, 2019 at his home in Paraíso de Cartago, Costa Rica. His life was his work and his work was roaming the tropical forests finding new species of Orchids, Bees and anything else of interest that caught his eye. I will miss his laughter and his Love. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 VI ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Species where Robert L. Dressler appears as author, from IPNI 18 October 2019 Acronia orygmoglossa Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 167 (248; fig. 144) (2005). Acrorchis Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12(1): 14 (1990). Acrorchis roseola Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 14 (-15), figs (1990). Adeneleuterophora ligularis (Dressler & Bogarín) Dudek & Szlach., Richardiana 11(1): 4 (2010). Aetheorhyncha Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Aetheorhyncha andreettae (Jenny) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Ammobroma culiacana Dressler & Kuijt, Madroño 19: 180, fig (1968). Lennonaceae Anacheilium simum (Dressler) Withner & P.A.Harding, Cattleyas & Relatives: Debatable Epidendrums 116 (2004). Anthurium amnicola Dressler, Aroideana 3(2): 55, nom. nov. (1980). Araceae Anthurium lilacinum Dressler, Selbyana 2(2-3): 300 (1978). Araceae Apatostelis umbelliformis (Hespenh. & Dressler) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 27: 191 (1980). Arpophyllum giganteum subsp. alpinum (Lindl.) Dressler, Novon 10(3): 193 (2000). Arpophyllum giganteum subsp. medium (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Novon 10(3): 193 (2000). Artorima Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 439 (1971). Artorima erubescens (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 439 (1971). Aspidogyne roseoalba (Dressler) Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 150 (2007). Aspidogyne utriculata (Dressler) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Supp. 3: 115 (1995): (1995). Barkeria chinensis subsp. naevosa (Lindl.) Thien in Thien & Dressler, Brittonia 22: 293 (1971). Barkeria chinensis subsp. palmeri (Rolfe) Thien in Thien & Dressler, Brittonia 22: 293 (1971). Barkeria lindleyana subsp. cyclotella (Rchb.f.) Thien in Thien & Dressler, Brittonia 22: 298 (1971). Barkeria lindleyana subsp. spectabilis (Bateman ex Lindl.) Thien in Thien & Dressler, Brittonia 22: 297 (1971). Barkeria lindleyana subsp. vanneriana (Rchb.f.) Thien in Thien & Dressler, Brittonia 22: 298 (1971). Barkeria scandens (La Llave & Lex.) Dressler & Halb., Orquídea (Mexico City) n.s., 6(8): 247 (1977). Barkeria uniflora (La Llave & Lex.) Dressler & Halb., Orquídea (Mexico City) n.s., 6(8): 248 (1977). Baskervilla leptantha Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 266 (1993). Baskervilla stenopetala Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 70, fig. (1998). Benzingia caudata (Ackerman) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Benzingia cornuta (Garay) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Benzingia hajekii (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Benzingia jarae (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Benzingia palorae (Dodson & Hirtz) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Benzingia reichenbachiana (Schltr.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 527 (2010). Bletia concolor Dressler, Brittonia 20: 183, fig (1968). Bletia rosea (Lindl.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 248 (1964). Bletia similis Dressler, Brittonia 20: 186, fig (1968). Bletia urbana Dressler, Brittonia 20: 186, fig. 2 (1968). Brachionidium dentatum Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 34, fig (1995). Brachionidium folsomii Dressler, Orquideología 15(2–3): 154 (1982). Brachionidium kuhniarum Dressler, Orquideología 15(2–3): 157 (1982). Brachionidium minusculum Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 82, fig (1995). Brassia verrucosa subsp. gireoudiana (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Brenesia balaeniceps (Luer & Dressler) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255 (2004). Broughtonia lindenii (Lindl.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 241 (1966). Broughtonia ortgiesiana (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 241 (1966). Broughtonia rosea (Mansf.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 241 (1966). Calawaya insolita (Dressler) Szlach. & Sitko, Biodivers. Res. Conservation 25: 24 (2012). Camaridium insolitum (Dressler) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 520 (2007). Chelyorchis Dressler & N.H.Williams, in G.A. Romero & G. Carnevali, Orchids of Venezuela, ed. 2 1130 (2000). (2000). Chelyorchis ampliata (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, in G.A. Romero & G. Carnevali, Orchids of Venezuela, ed. 2 1130 (2000): (2000). Chondrorhyncha sect. chondroscaphe Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34: 221 (1983). Chondrorhyncha anatona (Dressler) Senghas, Orchidee (Hamburg) 41: 91 (1990). Chondrorhyncha crassa Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34(6): 222 (1983). Chondrorhyncha eburnea Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34(6): 224 (1983). Chondrorhyncha inedita Dressler & Dalström, Orquideología 23(2): 80 (79-85; photogrs.) (2004). Chondroscaphe (Dressler) Senghas & G.Gerlach, Orchideen (Schlechter) ed. 3, I/B(27): 1655 (1993). Chondroscaphe atrilinguis Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 16 (-19; 2 photogrs.) (2001). Chondroscaphe bicolor (Rolfe) Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 22 (2001) (2001). Chondroscaphe eburnea (Dressler) Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 22 (2001) (2001). Chondroscaphe endresii (Schltr.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 28 (2002). Chondroscaphe fimbriata (Linden & Rchb.f.) Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 22 (2001) (2001). Chondroscaphe laevis Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 20 (-21; photogr.) (2001). Chondroscaphe merana (Dodson & Neudecker) Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 22 (2001) (2001). Chondroscaphe plicata (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 22 (2001) (2001). Chondroscaphe venezuelana Pupulin & Dressler, Orchid Digest 73(1): 47 (-48, 37; figs. 39-40) (2009). Chysis addita Dressler, Novon 10(3): 194 (-196, 198; fig. 1A-D) (2000). Chysis orichalcea Dressler, Novon 10(3): 194 (-196, 198; fig. 1E-G) (2000). Chysis pluricostata Dressler, Orquideología 24(2): 142 (141-151; photogrs.; fig.; map) (2006). Chysis violacea Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 237 (-243; photogrs.) (2003). Cischweinfia Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39(11): 991 (1970). Cischweinfia dasyandra (Rchb.f.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39(11): 991 (1970). Cischweinfia donrafae Dressler & Dalström, Selbyana 25(1): 9 (8, 10; fig. 13) (2004). Cischweinfia nana Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 9 (fig. 1A-C) (2001). Cischweinfia parva (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39(11): 992 (1970). Cischweinfia pusilla (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39(11): 992 (1970). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 VII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Cischweinfia pusilla var. furcata Dressler & Dalström, Selbyana 25(1): 5 (8-9; fig. 12) (2004). Cischweinfia rostrata Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39(11): 993 (-994; fig. 2; photogr.) (1970). Cochleanthes anatona Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34: 160 (1983). Condylago furculifera Dressler & Bogarín, Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(1): 2 (1-5; figs. 1-2) (2007). Cranichis cochleata Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 70, fig. (1998). Cranichis notata Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 73, fig. (1998). Cranichis talamancana Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 75, fig. (1998). Crossoglossa Dressler & Dodson, Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1: 148 (1993). Crossoglossa bifida Dressler, Orquideología 20: 255, fig. (1997). Crossoglossa blephariglottis (Schltr.) Dressler ex Dodson, Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1: 148 (15 Nov. 1993): (1993). Crossoglossa elliptica Dressler, Orquideología 20: 256, fig. (1997). Crossoglossa eustachys (Schltr.) Dressler ex Dodson, Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1: 149 (15 Nov. 1993): (1993). Crossoglossa fratra (Schltr.) Dressler ex Dodson, Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1: 149 (1993). Crossoglossa fratrum (Schltr.) Dressler ex Dodson, Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1: 149 (1993). Cuitlauzina candida (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Cuitlauzina convallarioides (Schltr.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Cuitlauzina egertonii (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Cuitlauzina pulchella (Bateman ex Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Cypholoron Dressler & Dodson, Phytologia 24: 285 (1972). Cypholoron frigida Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 285 (1972). Cyrtochilum maduroi (Dressler) Senghas, Orchideen (Schlechter) I/C(lief. 44/45, bogen 173-181): 2803 (2001). Daiotyla Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 92 (2005). Daiotyla albicans (Rolfe) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 92 (2005). Daiotyla crassa (Dressler) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 92 (2005). Daiotyla maculata (Garay) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 92 (2005). Daiotyla xanthina Pupulin & Dressler, Orquideología 25(1): 6 (5-14; figs. 1-2) (2007). Dichaea elliptica Dressler & Folsom, Lankesteriana 3: 25 (-26) (2002). Dichaea fragrantissima subsp. eburnea Dressler & Pupulin, Novon 16(3): 340 (fig. 3) (2006). Dichaea globosa Dressler & Pupulin, Novon 16(3): 340 (-343, fig. 4) (2006). Domingoa kienastii (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 246 (1964). Dracontia fortunae (Luer & Dressler) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 257 (2004). Dresslerella pertusa (Dressler) Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 6 (1976). Echinella balaeniceps (Luer & Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 253 (2001). Echinorhyncha Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Echinorhyncha antonii (P.Ortiz) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Echinorhyncha ecuadorensis (Dodson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Echinorhyncha litensis (Dodson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Echinorhyncha vollesii (G.Gerlach, Neudecker & Seeger) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Echinosepala balaeniceps (Luer & Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 17(2): 101 (2002). Ecuadoria Dodson & Dressler, Orquideología 19(2): 133 (1994). Ecuadoria intagana Dodson & Dressler, Orquideología 19(2): 133, fig. (1994). Elleanthus capitatellus Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(2): 143 (142-146; figs.) (2004). Elleanthus carinatus Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 9(3): 475 (-477; figs. 1-3, 8) (2010). Elleanthus decipiens Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(2): 146 (145-148; fig.) (2004). Elleanthus ligularis Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 7(3): 539 (-542; fig. 1) (2007). Eloyella panamensis (Dressler) Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop. Ser. 2, 5: t. 455 (1989). Encyclia sect. Brachycolumna (L.Wms.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 435 (1971). Encyclia subgen. Dinema (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3(10): 309, 312 (1974). Encyclia sect. Euchile Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 434 (1971). Encyclia sect. Hormidium (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 433 (1971). Encyclia sect. Leptophyllum Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 435 (1971). Encyclia subgen. Osmophytum (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 433 (1971). Encyclia abbreviata (Schltr.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia adenocarpos subsp. trachycarpa (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia aenicta Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 438 (1971). Encyclia alata subsp. parviflora (Regel) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia alata subsp. virella Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia amanda (Ames) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 440 (1971). Encyclia asperula Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3(9): 273, fig (1973). Encyclia baculus (Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia belizensis subsp. parviflora (Regel) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3 (10): 310 (1974). Encyclia bicamerata (Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia boothiana (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia boothiana subsp. favoris (Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia brachiata (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia brachycolumna (L.O.Williams) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia brassavolae (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia chacaoensis (Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia chimborazoensis (Schltr.) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 440 (1971). Encyclia chondylobulbon (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.R.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 436 (1971). Encyclia citrina (La Llave & Lex.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia cochleata (L.) Dressler, Brittonia 13(3): 264 (1961). Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler, Taxon 13: 247 (1964). Encyclia crassilabia (Poepp. & Endl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia cretacea Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 438 (1971). Encyclia cyanocolumna (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 VIII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Encyclia diota subsp. atrorubens (Rolfe) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 436 (1971). Encyclia distantiflora (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia elegantula Dressler, Orchid Digest 68(4): 244 (243; photogrs.) (2004). Encyclia fortunae Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7(4): 355 (1980). Encyclia fragrans (Sw.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia fragrans subsp. aemula (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 440 (1971). Encyclia ghiesbreghtiana (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264 (1961). Encyclia glauca (Knowles & Westc.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia grammatoglossa (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia guatemalensis (Klotzsch) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21(7): 437 (1971). Encyclia hastata (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia ionophlebia (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia kienastii (Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia lambda (Linden & Rchb.f.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 440 (1971). Encyclia lancifolia (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia limbata (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia linearis Dressler, Brittonia 13(3): 265 (1961). Encyclia livida (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia lorata Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3(10): 306, figs (1974). Encyclia luteorosea (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia magnispatha (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia neurosa (Ames) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia ochracea (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia ortizii Dressler, Novon 5: 140, fig. (1995). Encyclia pentotis (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia peraltensis (Ames) Dressler, Novon 7(2): 124 (1997). Encyclia × perplexa (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia pollardiana (Withner) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia polybulbon (Sw.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia prismatocarpa (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia × profusa (Rolfe) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437 (1971). Encyclia pseudopygmaea (Finet) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3(10): 310 (1974). Encyclia pterocarpa (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia pygmaea (Hook.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia racemifera Dressler, Lindleyana 11: 37, fig (1996). Encyclia radiata (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia rhynchophora (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia sima Dressler, Orquideología 4: 91, fig (1969). Encyclia spondiadum (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 441 (1971). Encyclia suaveolens Dressler, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 39, Ser. Botan. 1: 117, fig. 1 (1971). Encyclia subulatifolia (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia tenuissima (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia triptera (Brongn.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 438 (1971). Encyclia tripunctata (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia vagans (Ames) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 438 (1971). Encyclia varicosa subsp. leiobolbon (Hook.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard, Phytologia 21: 438 (1971). Encyclia venezuelana (Schltr.) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 441 (1971). Encyclia vespa (Vell.) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 441 (1971). Encyclia vitellina (Lindl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961). Encyclia wageneri Dressler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 75 (1919). Encyclia wendlandiana Dressler, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 36(3): 474 (1918). Epidanthus crassus Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 9: 15 (1983). Epidendrum acunae Dressler, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 28: 358, plate (1959). Epidendrum adenocarpon subsp. trachycarpa (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard Epidendrum crassus (Dressler) Mora-Ret. & García-Castro, Brenesia 33: 124 (1990). Epidendrum curvisepalum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 2: 125 fig. (1993). Epidendrum fortunae Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 8: 833 (2006). Epidendrum fuscinum (Dressler) Hágsater, Lankesteriana 5(1): 73 (2005). Epidendrum galeochilum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 738 (2005). Epidendrum hamatum (Garay) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 441 (1971). Epidendrum lacteum Dressler, Orquideología 11(2): 108 (1976). Epidendrum macrum Dressler, Brittonia 19: 240 (1967). Epidendrum simum (Dressler) P.Taylor, Bot. Mag. 182: 39 (1978). Epidendrum spathulipetalum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 4(3): t. 486 (2001). Epidendrum stiliferum Dressler, Brittonia 19: 242 (1967). Epidendrum suturatum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 2: 190 fig. (1993). Epidendrum tenuisulcatum (Dressler) Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13(1-2): 217 (1993). Epidendrum witherspooniorum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 798 (2005). Erythrodes bimentata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 255-256 (1993). Erythrodes epiphytica Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 257 (fig.) (1993). Erythrodes roseoalba Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 257, 260 fig (1993). Erythrodes utriculata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 260 fig (1993). Euchile (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) Withner, Cattleyas & Relatives 5: 137 (1998): (1998). Euphorbia cornaster (Dressler) Radcl.-Sm., Kew Bull. 32(2): 482 (1978). Euphorbia inornata (Dressler) Radcl.-Sm., Kew Bull. 32(2): 482 (1978). Euryblema Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 IX ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Euryblema anatonum (Dressler) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Euryblema andreae (P.Ortiz) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 94 (2005). Fernandezia mexicana (Dressler & Hágsater) M.W.Chase, Phytotaxa 20: 30 (2011). Galeottia acuminata (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 221 (1989). Galeottia antioquiana (Kraenzl.) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 221 (1988). Galeottia burkei (Rchb.f.) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 221 (1989). Galeottia ciliata (C.Morel) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 221 (1989). Galeottia colombiana (Garay) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 222 (1989). Galeottia marginata (Garay) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 222 (1989). Galeottia prainiana (Rolfe) Dressler & Christenson, Lindleyana 3(4): 222 (1989). Gongora aceras Dressler, Orquideología 6(2): 71 (1971). Gongora claviodora Dressler, Orquideología 7: 75, fig. 3 (1972). Gongora gibba Dressler, Orquideología 7: 72, figs (1972). Govenia greenwoodii Dressler & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orchid. 5-6: t. 589 (2003). Govenia tequilana Dressler & Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 3(6): 175, figs (1973). Govenia viaria Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 26 (fig. 1) (2002). Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Lankesteriana 7: 37 (2003). Guarianthe aurantiaca (Bateman) Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Lankesteriana 7: 38 (2003). Guarianthe bowringiana (J.H.Veitch ex O'Brien) Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Lankesteriana 7: 38 (2003). Guarianthe patinii (Cogn.) Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Lankesteriana 7: 38 (2003). Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Lankesteriana 7: 38 (2003). Habenaria bacata Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 7(1-3): 94 (fig. 1A-B) (1999). Habenaria carlotae Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 7(1-3): 94 (-96; fig. 1C-D) (1999). Habenaria mediocris Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 7(1-3): 96 (-97; fig. 2) (1999). Helleriella guerrerensis Dressler & Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 5(2): 36 (1975). Hexisea arctata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7(3): 223 (1979). Hexisea aurea (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 246 (1964). Hexisea bicornis (Lindl.) Dressler, Phytologia 21: 442 (1971). Homalopetalum pachyphyllum (L.O.Williams) Dressler, Taxon 13: 246 (1964). Homalopetalum pumilum (Ames) Dressler, Taxon 13: 246 (1964). Hormidium racemiferum (Dressler) Withner & P.A.Harding, Cattleyas & Relatives: Debatable Epidendrums 157 (2004). Ixyophora Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Ixyophora aurantiaca (Senghas & G.Gerlach) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Ixyophora carinata (P.Ortiz) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Ixyophora viridisepala (Senghas) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Jacquiniella aporophylla (L.O.Williams) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Jacquiniella cernua (Lindl.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Jacquiniella cobanensis (Ames & Schltr.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Jacquiniella equitantifolia (Ames) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Jacquiniella gigantea Dressler, Salazar & García-Cruz, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 145 (-147), figs (1992). Jacquiniella pedunculata Dressler, Orquideología 5: 24 (1970). Jacquiniella standleyi (Ames) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Jacquiniella steyermarkii Carnevali & Dressler, Lindleyana 7: 18, figs. 1, 2 (1992). Kefersteinia angustifolia Pupulin & Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 8(2):164 (-166; fig. 3) (2004). Kefersteinia auriculata Dressler, Orquideología 16(1): 49 (1983). Kefersteinia excentrica Dressler & Mora-Ret., Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 261-263 fig (1993). Kefersteinia maculosa Dressler, Orquideología 16(1): 52 (1983). Kefersteinia perlonga Dressler, Orquideología 18: 219 (-221), fig (1993). Kefersteinia stevensonii Dressler, Orquideología 7: 135 (1972). Kefersteinia trullata Dressler, Orquideología 18: 221 (-222), fig (1993). Lepanthes ancylopetala Dressler, Rhodora 61: 4 (1959). Lepanthes ankistra Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 12 (1986). Lepanthes antilocapra Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 15 (1986). Lepanthes arachnion Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 6 (1986). Lepanthes pantomima Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 3 (1986). Lepanthes papillipetala Dressler, Rhodora 61: 14 (1959). Lepanthes parvula Dressler, Rhodora 61: 15 (1959). Lepanthes truncata Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 9 (1986). Liparis vexillifera subsp. lindeniana (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler, Orquideología 20(3): 264 (1997). Lophiaris oerstedii (Rchb.f.) R.Jiménez, Carnevali & Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 5(2): 423 (2001): (2001). Macroclinium aduncum (Dressler) Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop. 10: t. 937 (1984). Macroclinium allenorum Dressler & Pupulin, Lindleyana 11: 34, fig (1996). Macroclinium junctum (Dressler) Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop. 10: t. 938 (1984). Macroclinium simplex (Dressler) Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop. 10: t. 939 (1984). Malaxis brevis Dressler, Selbyana 24(2): 141 (31 Dec. 2003) (2003). Malaxis insperata Dressler, Selbyana 24(2): 142 (31 Dec. 2003) (2003). Malaxis monsviridis Dressler, Novon 5: 140, fig. (1995). Malaxis rostratula Dressler, Selbyana 24(2): 142 (31 Dec. 2003) (2003). Malaxis talamancana Dressler, Novon 5: 142, fig. (1995). Malaxis triangularis Dressler, Selbyana 24(2): 143 (31 Dec. 2003) (2003). Maxillaria adendrobium (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 248 (1964). Maxillaria insolita Dressler, Orquideología 14: 204, fig (1981). Microchilus bimentatus (Dressler) Ormerod, Oasis Suppl. 3: 12 (2004). Microchilus epiphyticus (Dressler) Ormerod, Lindleyana 17(4): 216 (2002). Microthelys intagana (Dodson & Dressler) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 41(2): 853 (1996): (1996). Myoxanthus balaeniceps (Luer & Dressler) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44: 94 (1992). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 X ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Myrmecophila thomsoniana var. minor (W.H.W.Strachan ex Fawc.) Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 230 (2003). Nageliella gemma (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Neowilliamsia alfaroi (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 28 (1981). Neowilliamsia cuneata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 9(1): 24 (1983). Neowilliamsia nervosiflora (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 29 (1981). Neowilliamsia tenuisulcata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 29, fig (1981). Neowilliamsia wercklei (Schltr.) Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8(1): 29 (1981). Notylia adunca Dressler, Orquideología 9(3): 211[-214], fig. 1 (1974). Notylia brasiliensis (Pabst) Dressler, Orquideología 9(3): 214 (1974). Notylia calceolaris (Garay) Dressler, Orquideología 9(3): 214 (1974). Notylia juncta Dressler, Orquideología 4: 164, figs (1969). Notylia simplex Dressler, Orquideología 4: 166 (1969). Odontoglossum allenii (Dressler) Dalström & W.E.Higgins, Orchidee (Hamburg) 4(17)E: 132 (2018). Odontoglossum punctulatum (Dressler) Dalström & W.E.Higgins, Orchidee (Hamburg) 4(17)E: 133 (2018). Odontoglossum zelenkoanum (Dressler & Pupulin) Dalström & W.E.Higgins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 21(1): 101 (2016). Oerstedella fuscina Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8(2): 347 (1982). Oerstedella lactea (Dressler) Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8(1): 21 (1981). Oerstedella ornata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8(2): 345 (1982). Oliveriana brevilabia (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 324 (1970). Oncidium allenii Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 9 (-10; fig. 1D-F) (2001). Oncidium imitans Dressler, Novon 7: 120, fig (1997). Oncidium karwinskii (Lindl.) Dressler & L.O.Williams, Orquídea (Mexico City) 4: 338 (1975). Oncidium leucomelas (Rchb.f.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 44 (2003) (2003). Oncidium maduroi Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 69(8): 762 (761-763; photogrs. 1-3) (2000). Oncidium pseudounguiculatum (Pupulin & Dressler) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21(3): 26 (2008). Oncidium punctulatum Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 10 (-11; fig. 1G-I) (2001). Oncidium stenoglossum (Schltr.) Dressler & L.O.Williams, Orquídea (Mexico City) 4: 339 (1975). Oncidium zelenkoanum Dressler & Pupulin, Lankesteriana 8: 37 (-39; fig. 1) (2003). subtrib. Acriopsidinae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 204 (1979). subtrib. Arpophyllinae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990). (1990). subtrib. Arundininae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990). subtrib. Bifrenariinae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 205 (1979). subtrib. Bromheadiinae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990). (1990). trib. Calypsoeae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 204 (1979). subtrib. Coeliinae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990). (1990). trib. Cryptarrheneae Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7(4): 284 (1980). subtrib. Cryptarrheninae Dressler, Phytologia 21(7): 443 (1971). trib. Diceratosteleae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 114 (1990). (1990). trib. Diseae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 204 (1979). subtrib. Goveniinae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990). (1990). subtrib. Lecanorchidinae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 205 (1979). subtrib. Meiracylliinae Dressler, Phytologia 21(7): 443 (1971). trib. Nervilieae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990): (1990). trib. Pachyphylleae Dressler, Phytologia 21(7): 443 (1971). trib. Palmorchideae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 124 (1990): (1990). subtrib. Palmorchidinae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 205 (1979). subtrib. Prescottiinae Dressler, Lindleyana 5(2): 115 (1990). (1990). subfam. Spiranthoideae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 204 (1979). subtrib. Stereosandrinae Dressler, Telopea 2(4): 422 (1983). subtrib. Sunipiinae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 205 (1979). trib. Triphoreae Dressler, Selbyana 5(2): 204 (1979). trib. Tropidieae Dressler, Telopea 2(4): 422 (1983). trib. Wullschlaegelieae Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7(4): 278 (1980). subtrib. Wullschlaegeliinae Dressler, Telopea 2(4): 422 (1983). Orchidotypus mexicanus (Dressler & Hágsater) Senghas, Orchideen (Schlechter) I/B(31): 1923 (1995). Ornithocephalus aristatus Pupulin & Dressler, Brittonia 58(4): 314 (-317; fig. 1) (2006). Ornithocephalus cryptanthus (C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000): (2000). Ornithocephalus dalstromii (Dodson) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Ornithocephalus dressleri (Toscano) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Ornithocephalus ecuadorensis (Garay) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000): (2000). Ornithocephalus escobarianus (Garay) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000): (2000). Ornithocephalus garayi (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Ornithocephalus grex-anserinus Dressler & Mora-Ret., Novon 7: 120, fig (1997). Ornithocephalus hoppii (Schltr.) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Ornithocephalus numenius Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 252 (-255; fig. 1) (2000). Ornithocephalus oberonioides (Schltr.) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Ornithocephalus tsubotae (P.Ortiz) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000): (2000). Ornithocephalus urceilabris (P.Ortiz & R.Escobar) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 256 (2000): (2000). Pachyphyllum mexicanum Dressler & Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 6(3): 73, figs (1976). Palmorchis eidae Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 26 (-27; fig. 2) (2002). Palmorchis nitida Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34(1): 29 (1983). Palmorchis paludicola Dressler, Orquideología 20: 261, fig. (1997). Palmorchis sordida Dressler, Orquideología 20: 262, fig. (1997). Palmorchis trinotata Dressler, Orquideología 20: 263, fig. (1997). Paphinia clausula Dressler, Taxon 15: 242 (1966). Paphinia subclausa Dressler, Novon 7: 121, fig (1997). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XI ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Paphinia vermiculifera G.Gerlach & Dressler, Lankesteriana 8: 27 (-29; fig. 2) (2003). Pedilanthus connatus Dressler & Sacamano, Acta Bot. Mex. 18: 21 (1992). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus gracilis Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 109, tab. 17 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus pulchellus Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 111, tab. 18 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. angustifolius (Poit.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 161 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 165 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 159 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. padifolius (L.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 156 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. parasiticus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 148 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. retusus (Benth.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 154 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 152 (1957). Euphorbiaceae Pescatoria coelestis (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria ecuadorana (Dodson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria hemixantha (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria hirtzii (Waldv.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria lalindei (Linden) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005), nom. inval. Pescatoria lawrenceana (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria pulvinaris (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria violacea (Lindl.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 95 (2005). Pescatoria whitei (Rolfe) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Pholisma culiacana (Dressler & Kuijt) Yatsk., Phytologia 52: 74 (1982). Phragmipedium exstaminodium subsp. warszewiczii Dressler, Orchid Digest 69(2): 89 (2005). Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T.Atwood & Dressler, Selbyana 19(2): 246 (1999). Phragmipedium humboldtii subsp. exstaminodium (Castaño, Hágsater & E.Aguirre) J.T.Atwood & Dressler ex J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl., 119(1296): 84 (2011). Phragmipedium lindenii (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Taxon 24: 691 (1975). Phragmipedium lindenii subsp. wallisii (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Orchid Digest 69(2): 89 (2005). Phymatidium panamense Dressler, Orquideología 6: 142 (1971). Piper parmatum Dressler, Selbyana 2: 302, fig (1978). Piperaceae Platythelys roseoalba (Dressler) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Supp. 3: 115 (1995): (1995). Pleurothallis balaeniceps Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16: 47 (1986). Pleurothallis deceptrix Dressler, Orquideología 5(2): 78 (1970). Pleurothallis fortunae Luer & Dressler, Lindleyana 6: 97 (-100; fig.) (1991). Pleurothallis grammata Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 28 (2002). Pleurothallis orygmoglossa (Luer & Dressler) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 122(1308): 77 (2014). Pleurothallis pertusa Dressler, Orquideología 5: 76 (1970). Poinsettia coccinea Dressler, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962). Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia colorata (Engelm.) Dressler, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962). Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia cornastra Dressler, Bol. Soc. Bot. México 35: 17 (-18), fig (1975). Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia inornata Dressler, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 339 (1962). Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia pentadactyla (Griseb.) Dressler, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 339 (1962). Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia restiacea (Benth.) Dressler, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962). Euphorbiaceae Polycycnis annectans Dressler, Orquideología 12(1): 4 (1977). Polycycnis aurita Dressler, Orquideología 12(1): 6 (1977). Polycycnis tortuosa Dressler, Orquideología 12(2-3): 120 (1977). Polycycnopsis aurita (Dressler) Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 34 (2006). Polycycnopsis tortuosa (Dressler) Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 35 (2006). Ponera exilis Dressler, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 39: 120 (1971). Ponthieva hameri Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 80, fig. (1998). Ponthieva insularis Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 12(2): 137 (-139, 131; fig.) (2005). Ponthieva viridilimbata Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 12(2): 136 (135-138; photo) (2005). Prosopidastrum mexicanum (Dressler) Burkart, Darwiniana 13: 438 (1964). Prosopis globosa var. mexicana Dressler, Madroño 13: 174 (1956). Mimosaceae Prosthechea cretacea (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 377 (1998). Prosthechea fortunae (Dressler) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 377 (1998). Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 379 (1998). Prosthechea racemifera (Dressler) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 380 (1998). Prosthechea sima (Dressler) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 381 (1998). Pseudencyclia cretacea (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) V.P.Castro & Chiron, Richardiana 4(1): 32 (2003) (2003). Psygmorchis Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 288 (1972). Psygmorchis glossomystax (Rchb.f.) Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 289 (1972). Psygmorchis gnomus (Kraenzl.) Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 289 (1972). Psygmorchis pumilio (Rchb.f.) Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 288 (1972). Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Dodson & Dressler, Phytologia 24: 288 (1972). Pterostemma frigidum (Dodson & Dressler) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23(7): 304 (1973). Reichenbachanthus cuniculatus (Schltr.) Dressler, Taxon xiii. 246 (1964). Reichenbachanthus subulatus (Schltr.) Dressler, Novon 7(2): 124 (1997). Rhynchostele beloglossa (Rchb.f.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Icon. Orchid. 5-6: t. 654 (2003). Salpistele Dressler, Orquideología 14: 6 (1979). Salpistele brunnea Dressler, Orquideología 14: 6 (-8; fig.) (1979). Salpistele lutea Dressler, Orquideología 14: 8 (-10; fig.) (1979). Salpistele parvula Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 132 (1991). Scaphyglottis amparoana (Schltr.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 246 (1964). Scaphyglottis arctata (Dressler) B.R.Adams, Phytologia 64: 257 (1988). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Scaphyglottis arctata (Dressler) B.R.Adams, Phytologia 64: 257 (1988). Scaphyglottis atwoodii Dressler, Novon 7: 124, fig (1997). Scaphyglottis bicallosa Dressler, Novon 10(3): 198 (-199; fig. 2A-C) (2000). Scaphyglottis bidentata (Lindl.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 28 (2002). Scaphyglottis brasiliensis (Schltr.) Dressler, Brittonia 56(1): 64 (2004). Scaphyglottis cernua Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(4): 310 (-312; figs.) (2004). Scaphyglottis clavata Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(4): 311 (-314; fig.) (2004). Scaphyglottis coriacea (L.O.Williams) Dressler, Brittonia 56(1): 64 (2004). Scaphyglottis cuniculata (Schltr.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 28 (2002). Scaphyglottis emarginata (Garay) Dressler, Brittonia 56(1): 64 (2004). Scaphyglottis geminata Dressler & Mora-Ret., Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 192 (-194; fig.) (1993). Scaphyglottis gigantea Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7: 234, figs (1979). Scaphyglottis imbricata (Lindl.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 3: 28 (2002). Scaphyglottis monspirrae Dressler, Novon 10(3): 199 (fig. 3) (2000). Scaphyglottis pachybulbon (Schltr.) Dressler, Novon 10(3): 199 (2000). Scaphyglottis sublibera (C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Taxon 13: 247 (1964). Scuticaria salesiana Dressler, Orquideología 3(2): 3 (1968). Senghasia auriculata (Dressler) Szlach., J. Orchideenfr. 10(4): 336 (2003) (2003). Senghasia maculosa (Dressler) Szlach., J. Orchideenfr. 10(4): 336 (2003) (2003). Senghasia perlonga (Dressler) Szlach., J. Orchideenfr. 10(4): 336 (2003) (2003). Senghasia trullata (Dressler) Szlach., J. Orchideenfr. 10(4): 336 (2003) (2003). Sievekingia butcheri Dressler, Orquideología 13: 221 (-222), figs (1979). Sievekingia filifera Dressler, Orquideología 11(3): 216 (1977). Sigmatostalix pseudounguiculata Pupulin & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(1): 27 (30; fig. 5) (2000). Sobralia abel-arayae Dressler, Mel.Fernández & Pupulin, Orchid Digest 78(3): 146 (2014). Sobralia andreae Dressler, Orquideología 24(2): 126 (125-132; photogr.; plate) (2006). Sobralia aspera Dressler & Pupulin, Orquideología 25(2): 148 (157-158; figs.) (2008). Sobralia blancoi Dressler & Pupulin, Orquideología 25(2): 139 (-140, 155-156; figs.) (2008). Sobralia chrysostoma Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 70(8): 750 (2001) (2001). Sobralia chrysostoma Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 70(8): 750 (-751, 770; photogrs. 1-4) (2001). Sobralia citrea Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 937 (-938; fig. 1) (2005). Sobralia crispissima Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 10 (2002). Sobralia danjanzenii Dressler & Pupulin, Harvard Pap. Bot. 19(1): 117 (2014). Sobralia dissimilis Dressler, Novon 5: 142, fig. (1995). Sobralia doremiliae Dressler, Novon 5: 142, fig. (1995). Sobralia exigua Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 938 (-939; fig. 2) (2005). Sobralia fragilis Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 9(3): 477 (-479; figs. 4, 8) (2010). Sobralia fuzukiae Dressler & Bogarín, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 76(9; Lindleyana): 696 (-700; figs. 2-3) (2007). Sobralia geminata Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 9(3): 479 (-482; figs. 5, 8, map) (2010). Sobralia gloriana Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 11 (13-15; figs. 2-3) (2002). Sobralia kerryae Dressler, Orchid Digest 62: 90, fig. (1998). Sobralia kruskayae Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 939 (fig. 3) (2005). Sobralia lacerata Dressler & Pupulin, Orquideología 27(1): 36 (2010). Sobralia lentiginosa Dressler & Pupulin, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 84(6): 376 (2015). Sobralia maduroi Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 73(10): 776 (-777; figs.) (2004). Sobralia mariannae Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 13 (-15; fig. 4) (2002). Sobralia mireyae Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 76(9; Lindleyana): 700 (699; figs. 7-8) (2007). Sobralia nutans Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 13 (-15; figs. 5-7) (2002). Sobralia purpurea Dressler, Novon 10(3): 200 (fig. 4) (2000). Sobralia purpurella Dressler & Bogarín, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 80(5): 309 (-310; figs.) (2011). Sobralia quinata Dressler, Lankesteriana 6: 27 (-28; fig. 1) (2003). Sobralia rarae-avis Dressler, Orquideología 25(1): 38 (-39, 46-47; figs. 3, 6, 11) (2007). Sobralia recta Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 939 (-940; fig. 4) (2005). Sobralia sanctorum Dressler & Bogarín, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 80(5): 308 (-309; figs.) (2011). Sobralia sanfelicis Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 73(10): 777 (-778) (2004). Sobralia sororcula Dressler, Orquideología 25(1): 39 (-40, 47; figs. 8-9) (2007). Sobralia sotoana Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 9(3): 482 (figs. 7, 8) (2010). Sobralia theobromina Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 940 (-941; fig. 5) (2005). Sobralia tricolor Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 941 (fig. 6) (2005). Sobralia turrialbina Dressler, M.Acuña & Pupulin, Harvard Pap. Bot. 21(2): 252 (2016). Sobralia zebrina Dressler & Pupulin, Harvard Pap. Bot. 19(1): 120 (2014). Solenocentrum maasii Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 83, fig. (1998). Stanhopeastrum aviculum (Dressler) Szlach., Richardiana 7(2): 47 (2007). Stanhopea avicula Dressler, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 58: 885 (-886), figs (1989). Stanhopea maduroi Dodson & Dressler, Orquideología 21(1): 62 (1998). Stelis brunnea (Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 261 (2001). Stelis furculifera (Dressler & Bogarín) Bogarín, Lankesteriana 14(3): 267 (2014). Stelis umbelliformis Hespenh. & Dressler, Orquideología 6: 21 (1971). Stellilabium sect. Dipterostele (Schltr.) Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 470 (1999). Stellilabium sect. Rhampostele Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 470 (1999). Stellilabium sect. Taeniorchachis Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 470 (1999). Stellilabium aciculare Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 471 (-472; fig. 1E-F) (1999). Stellilabium barbozae J.T.Atwood & Dressler, Selbyana 16: 239, fig (1995). Stellilabium butcheri Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 472 (-473; fig. 1G) (1999). Stellilabium erratum Dressler, Lankesteriana 2: 11 (-13; fig. 1) (2001). Stellilabium fortunae Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 473 (fig. 1B-D) (1999). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XIII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Stellilabium lankesteri (Ames) Dressler, Novon 7(2): 124 (1997). Stellilabium morii Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 473 (fig. 1H) (1999). Stenia falcata (Ackerman) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 93 (2005). Stenotyla Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Stenotyla lankesteriana (Pupulin) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Stenotyla lendyana (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Stenotyla picta (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Systeloglossum bennettii (Garay) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 326 (1970). Systeloglossum ecuadorense (Garay) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 326 (1970). Systeloglossum panamense Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 326 (1970). Telipogon acicularis (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 168 (2005). Telipogon alexii N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon alticola (Dodson & R.Escobar) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 168 (2005). Telipogon anacristinae (Pupulin) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 168 (2005). Telipogon barbozae (J.T.Atwood & Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon bennettii (Dodson & R.Escobar) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon bergoldii (Garay & Dunst.) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon boliviensis (R.Vásquez & Dodson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon bombiformis Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 72(2): 114 (2003) (2003). Telipogon boylei (J.T.Atwood) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon bullpenensis (J.T.Atwood) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon butchii N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon calueri N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon campbelliorum (J.T.Atwood) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon caulescens Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 72(2): 114 (2003) (2003). Telipogon distantiflorus (Ames & C.Schweinf.) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon embreei N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon erratus (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon fortunae (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005). Telipogon fractus Dressler, OrchideenJ. 14(1): 12 (-13; figs.) (2007). Telipogon griesbeckii Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 72(2): 115 (2003) (2003). Telipogon helleri (L.O.Williams) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon hystrix (Dodson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon ibischii (R.Vásquez) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon jostii (Dodson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon maduroi Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 72(2): 116 (2003) (2003). Telipogon medusae Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 211 (-212; fig.) (2006). Telipogon microglossus (Schltr.) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon monteverdensis (J.T.Atwood) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon morganiae (Dodson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon morii (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon nobilis Dressler, OrchideenJ. 14(1): 12 (-14; fig.) (2007). Telipogon nunezii Dressler, OrchideenJ. 14(1): 14 (-15; figs.) (2007). Telipogon olmosii Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 212 (-214; figs.) (2006). Telipogon ortizii N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 169 (2005), nom. illeg. Telipogon pampatamboensis (Dodson & R.Vásquez) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon perlobatus (Senghas) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 170 (2005). Telipogon personatus Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 214 (-217; figs.) (2006). Telipogon pseudobulbosus (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon reticulatus Dressler, OrchideenJ. 14(1): 14 (-16; figs.) (2007). Telipogon reventadorensis N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon roberti N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon selbyanus N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon smaragdinus (Pupulin & M.A.Blanco) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon tanii (Dodson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Telipogon tsipiriensis (Pupulin) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(3): 171 (2005). Tetracoccus fasciculatus var. hallii (Brandegee) Dressler, Rhodora 56: 57 (1954). Teuscheria dodsonii Dressler, Orquideología 7: 3, fig (1972). Trichocentrum nudum subsp. stipitatum (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams, Selbyana 24(1): 45 (2003) (2003). Trichopilia sect. Helcia (Lindl.) Dressler & Klikunas, Selbyana 27(1): 31 (2006). Trichopilia sect. Leucohyle (Klotzsch) Dressler & Klikunas, Selbyana 27(1): 31 (2006). Trichopilia sect. Pilumna (Lindl.) Dressler & Klikunas, Selbyana 27(1): 31 (2006). Trichopilia amabilis Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 245 (-246, 250-251; photogr.) (2003). Trichopilia endresiana Dressler & Pupulin, Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(1): 90 (fig. 1) (2005). Trichopilia eneidae Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 246 (248-249, 251-253; photogr.) (2003). Trichopilia olmosii Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 11 (-12; fig. 2A-C) (2001). Trichopilia primulina Dressler & Bogarín, OrchideenJ. 16(2): 60 (-63; figs.) (2009). Trichopilia punicea Dressler & Pupulin, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 75(3): 217 (162, 218-219; photo, figs. 6-7) (2006). Trichopilia similis Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 12 (-13; fig. 2D-E) (2001). Trichopilia tortilis f. immaculata Dressler & Bogarín, OrchideenJ. 16(2): 64 (-65; fig.) (2009). Trichopilia tubella Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(1): 90 (93; fig. 2) (2005). Trichosalpinx rotundata (C.Schweinf.) Dressler, Novon 7(2): 124 (1997). Vanilla pauciflora Dressler, Orquideología 13: 229 (-230), figs (1979). Vanilla pompona subsp. pittieri (Schltr.) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9(3): 341 (2010). Warczewiczella guianensis (Lafontaine, G.Gerlach & Senghas) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Warczewiczella lobata (Garay) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Warczewiczella palatina (Senghas) Dressler, Lankesteriana 5(2): 96 (2005). Xylobium subpulchrum Dressler, Orquideología 21(3): 310 (-313; photogrs. 1-3; tab. 1) (2000). Zamia cunaria Dressler & D.W.Stev., Brittonia 45: 5, fig. 2 (1993). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XIV ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Species dedicated to Robert L. Dressler. IPNI 18 October 2019 Ancipitia dressleri Kolan. & Szlach., Richardiana 14: 104 (2014). Anthurium dressleri Croat, Aroideana 1: 54 (-56), figs (1978). Araceae Arberella dressleri Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón, Brittonia 31: 433 (-435), figs (1979). Poaceae Ardisia dressleri Lundell, Phytologia 61(1): 63 (1986), nom. nov. (1986). Primulaceae Areldia dressleri (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255 (2004). Argythamnia dressleriana J.W.Ingram, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80: 422 (1953). Euphorbiaceae Begonia dressleri Burt-Utley, Brittonia 34(2): 191 (-192, fig.) (1982). Brachionidium dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 40, fig (1995). Brassia dresslerorum Archila, Revista Guatemalensis 2(1): 57, fig. s.n. (1999). Byrsonima dressleri W.H.Lewis, Brittonia 25: 304, fig (1973). Calathea dressleri H.Kenn., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 414, fig. 1 (1973). Campylocentrum dressleri H.Dietr. & M.A.Díaz, Orchidee (Hamburg) 35(1): 28 (1984). Cephaëlis dressleri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 68, fig (1980). Rubiaceae Coccineorchis dressleri Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41(6): 481 (480-482; fig.) (2004). Cocleorchis dressleri (Szlach.) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 39(2): 558 (1994): (1994). Columnea dressleri Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 98 (-99), pl. 29B (1977). Gesneriaceae Crepidium dresslerianum Marg. & Szlach., Adansonia sér. 3, 22(2): 265 (2000). Crossoglossa dressleri Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 19(1): 102 (2014). Cryptochloa dressleri Soderstr., Brittonia 34(1): 25 (-27, fig.) (1982). Poaceae Cyclanthera dressleri Wunderlin, Phytologia 38: 219 (-220) (1978). Cucurbitaceae Cyclopogon dressleri Szlach., Novon 4: 172-173, fig. 1 (1994). Dichaea dressleri Folsom, Novon 16(3): 336 (-337, fig. 1) (2006). Ditaxis dressleriana (J.W.Ingram) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts, Kew Bull. 52(2): 479 (1997). Euphorbiaceae Doliocarpus dressleri Aymard, Novon 3: 317 (1993). Dilleniaceae Dracontium dressleri Croat, Selbyana 1(2): 168, figs (1975). Dryadella dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 162 (1999). Drymonia dressleri Wiehler, Selbyana 5: 80 (-81), fig (1978). Gesneriaceae Elleanthus dressleri (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 125(1319): 57 (2017). Encyclia dressleri Beutelsp. & Mor.-Mol., Lacandonia 11(2): 19 (2018). Epidendrum dressleri Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 10(2): 340 (1987). Epilyna dressleri Szlach. & Kolan., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(1-2): 17 (2016). Euphorbia dressleri V.W.Steinm., Acta Bot. Mex. 65:48 (2003). Euphorbiaceae Gasteranthus dressleri Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 127 (-128; t. 35C) (1977). Gesneriaceae Goeppertia dressleri (H.Kenn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez, Syst. Bot. 37(3): 630 (2012). Gongora dressleri Jenny, Monogr. Gen. Gongora 90 (1993). Govenia dressleriana E.W.Greenw., Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 165-168 fig (1993). Gymnanthes dressleri G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1130 (1988). Euphorbiaceae Habenaria dressleri J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl., 127(1326): 45 (2019). Heliconia dressleriana Abalo & Antonio, Baileya 21: 139, fig (1981). Herissantia dressleri Fryxell, Brittonia 25: 77 (1973). Horichia dressleri Jenny, Orchidee (Hamburg) 32(3): 108 (1981). Lepanthes dressleri Hespenh., Brittonia 25: 268, fig. 8 (1973). Lobelia dressleri Wilbur, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 889 (1974). Macrolobium dressleri R.S.Cowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 86 (39): 451 (1973). Markea dressleri D'Arcy, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 651 (1974). Marsdenia dressleri Spellman, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 131 [-132], f. 10 (1975). Apocynaceae Masdevallia dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3: 20, fig (1976). Maxillaria dressleriana Carnevali & J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 11: 29 (fig.) (1996). Macrolobium dressleri Cowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 86: 451. (1973). Fabiaceae Microchilus dressleri Kolan., Phytotaxa 208(2): 182 (2015). Monarda dressleri Scora, Madroño 18: 119 (1966). Monolena dressleri R.H.Warner, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 53(9): 102 (-104; fig. 2) (2002). Melastomataceae Morisonia dressleri (Cornejo & Iltis) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018). Mormolyca dressleriana (Carnevali & J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 531 (2007). Nautilocalyx dressleri Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 114 (-115), pl. 32D (1977). Gesneriaceae Nemaconia dressleriana (Soto Arenas) Van den Berg, Salazar & Soto Arenas, Neodiversity 2(1): 8 (2007). Ornithocephalus dressleri (Toscano) Toscano & Dressler, Lindleyana 15(4): 255 (2000). Palmorchis dressleriana Szlach., Baranow & Dudek, Syst. Bot. 43(1): 133 (2018). Parmentiera dressleri A.H.Gentry, Wrightia 7: 85 (1982). Philodendron dressleri G.S.Bunting, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 50: 24, fig. 2 (1964). Platystele dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 26, fig. 116 (1976). Pleurothallis dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 98, fig. 152 (1976). Pleurothallis dressleriana Bogarín, Lankesteriana 14(3): 241 (2014). Plowmanianthus dressleri Faden & C.R.Hardy, Syst. Bot. 29(2): 326 (-328; fig. 8) (2004). Commelinaceae Ponera dressleriana Soto Arenas, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 118 (-122), fig. 1 (1990). Psilochilus dressleri Kolan., Phytotaxa 175(1): 55 (2014). Psychotria dressleri (Dwyer) C.W.Ham., Phytologia 64: 223 (1988). Rubiaceae Quadrella dressleri Cornejo & Iltis, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 77 (-80; figs. 2-3, map) (2010). Renealmia dressleri Maas, Acta Bot. Neerl. 24: 476 (1975). Richeria dressleri G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1094 (1988). Euphorbiaceae Rodriguezia dressleriana R.González, Orquídea (Mexico City) 4(8): 233 [-235], figs (1974). Rustia dressleri Delprete, Novon 5: 137, fig. (1995). Rubiaceae THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XV ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Salpistele dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 128 (1991). Sanblasia dressleri L.Andersson, Nordic J. Bot. 4: 22 (-23), fig (1984). Schiedeella dressleri Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 41: 855, fig. (1996). Schlegelia dressleri A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 924, fig. 32K-O (1974). Sciadocephala dressleri R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 29: 343, fig (1975). Spathiphyllum dressleri Croat & F.Cardona, Aroideana 27: 139 (-141; figs. 1-2) (2004). Specklinia dressleri (Luer) Bogarín & Karremans, Lankesteriana 14(3): 262 (2014). Sphyrastylis dressleri Toscano, Lindleyana 14: 24 (-26; fig. 1) (1999). Stelis dressleri Luer, Phytologia 49: 227 (-228) (1981). Tectaria dressleri A.Rojas, Lankesteriana 6(1): 15 (-17; f.1) (2006). Tillandsia dressleri L.B.Sm., Phytologia 8: 221, tab. 1, fig. 7 (1962). Triaristella dressleri (Luer) Luer, Selbyana 2: 205 (1978). Triaristellina dressleri (Luer) Rauschert, Feddes Repert. 94: 469 (1983). Trichosalpinx dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 54 (fig.) (1997). Triolena dressleri Wurdack, Phytologia 31: 493 (-494) (1975). Melastomataceae Trisetella dressleri (Luer) Luer, Phytologia 47: 57 (1980). Tubella dressleri (Luer) Archila, Revista Guatemalensis 3(1): 54 (2000). Vanilla dressleri Soto Arenas, Lankesteriana 9(3): 303 (-305; fig. 5) (2010). Vriesea dressleri Rauh, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 58: 41, figs (1986). Vriesea dressleri Rauh, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, Math.-Naturwiss. Klasse, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 58: 41 (1986). Werauhia dressleri (Rauh) J.R.Grant, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 91: 42 (1995): (1995). Xanthoxerampellia dressleriana (Carnevali & J.T.Atwood) Szlach. & Sitko, Biodivers. Res. Conservation 25: 37 (2012). Zamia dressleri D.W.Stev., Brittonia 45: 6, fig. 3 (1993). Hymenoptera - Euglossini described by Robert L. Dressler. Euglossa amazonica Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 146. (1982). Euglossa annectans Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 127. (1982). Euglossa atroveneta Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 177. (1978). Euglossa augaspis Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 133. (1982). Euglossa avicula Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 146. (1982). Euglossa bidentata Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 122. (1982). Euglossa gibba Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 128. (1982). Euglossa carinilabris Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 134. (1982). Euglossa chlorina Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 141. (1982). Euglossa crininota Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 176. (1978). Euglossa dissimula Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 173. (1978). Euglossa fuscifrons Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 134. (1982). Euglossa gaianii Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 142. (1982). Euglossa gibbosa Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 147. (1982). Euglossa gorgonensis Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 170. (1978). Euglossa hyacinthina Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 135. (1982). Euglossa ioprosopa Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 124. (1982). Euglossa iopyrrha Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 122. (1982). Euglossa laevicincta Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 135. (1982). Euglossa liopoda Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 143. (1982). Euglossa macrorhyncha Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 136. (1982). Euglossa magnipes Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 148. (1982). Euglossa micans Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 175. (1978). Euglossa modestior Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 143. (1982). Euglossa mourei Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 148. (1982). Euglossa obtusa Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 171. (1978). Euglossa oleolucens Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 169. (1978). Euglossa parvula Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 137. (1982). Euglossa platymera Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 144. (1982). Euglossa pleosticta Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 150. (1982). Euglossa prasina Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 138. (1982). Euglossa retroviridis Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 123. (1982). Euglossa securigera Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 145. (1982). Euglossa stilbonota Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 138. (1982). Euglossa trinotata Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(2): 139. (1982). Euglossa turbinifex Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 26(1): 168. (1978). Euglossa viridifrons Dressler, Rev. Biol. Trop. 30(1): 140. (1982). Eulaema sororia Dressler & R.Ospina, Caldasia 19(1-2): 95-100. (1997). Genera dedicated to Robert L. Dressler. INPI, 18 October 2019 Orchidaceae: Areldia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255. (2004). Areldia dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255. (2004). × Dresslerara hort., Orchid Rev. 91(1072): centre page pull-out p. 12 (1983). (1983). Dresslerella Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 1 (1976). Dresslerella subgen. Pilositas Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 3 (1988). Dresslerella archilae Luer & Béhar, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 140, fig (1995). Dresslerella caesariata Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (-186), fig (1978). Dresslerella cloesii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 277 (280; fig. 4) (2005). Dresslerella crista-galli Vierling, Orchidee (Hamburg) 4(14)E: 95 (2018). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XVI ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 Dresslerella elvallensis Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 2, fig. 104 (1976). Dresslerella hirsutissima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (1978). Dresslerella hispida (L.O.Williams) Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 4 (1976). Dresslerella lasiocampa Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 278 (281; fig. 6) (2005). Dresslerella pertusa (Dressler) Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 6 (1976). Dresslerella pilosissima (Schltr.) Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (1978). Dresslerella portillae Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 102 (-103; fig. 9) (2002). Dresslerella powellii (Ames) Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 8 (1976). Dresslerella sijmiana Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 103 (fig. 10) (2002). Dresslerella stellaris Luer & R.Escobar, Selbyana 2: 188, fig (1978). Dressleria Dodson, Selbyana 1(2): 131 (1975). Dressleria allenii H.G.Hills, Lindleyana 15(3): 171 (-173; fig. 1A-B) (2000). Dressleria aurorae H.G.Hills & D.E.Benn., Brittonia 47: 184 fig (1995). Dressleria bennettii H.G.Hills & Christenson, Brittonia 47(2): 184 (-187; fig.) (1995). Dressleria dilecta (Rchb.f.) Dodson, Selbyana 1(2): 132 (1975). Dressleria dodsoniana H.G.Hills, Orquideología 24(2): 133 (-140; photogr.; plate) (2006). Dressleria eburnea (Rolfe) Dodson, Selbyana 1(2): 132 (1975). Dressleria fragrans Dodson, Orquideología 21: 3 (3-5, 7, t. 99) (1998). Dressleria helleri Dodson, Selbyana 1(2): 132 (-134; fig. 1D) (1975). Dressleria kalbreyeri H.G.Hills, Lindleyana 15(3): 173 (fig. 2) (2000). Dressleria kerryae H.G.Hills, Lindleyana 15(3): 173 (-177; fig. 1C-D) (2000). Dressleria morenoi H.G.Hills & M.H.Weber, Phytoneuron 2012-103: 1 (2012). Dressleria severiniana H.G.Hills, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 62: 616, figs (1993). Dressleria suavis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Dodson, Selbyana 1(2): 132 (1975). Dressleria williamsiana H.G.Hills, Phytoneuron 2012-48: 22 (2012). Dressleriopsis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 153 (1980). Dressleriopsis panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 154, fig (1980). Asteraceae Dresslerothamnus H.Rob., Phytologia 40: 494 (1978). Dresslerothamnus angustiradiatus (T.M.Barkley) H.Rob., Phytologia 40: 494 (1978). Dresslerothamnus gentryi H.Rob., Syst. Bot. 14: 384, fig (1989). Dresslerothamnus hammelii Pruski, Phytoneuron 2018-53: 25, figs. 6B, 14–18 (2018). Dresslerothamnus peperomioides H.Rob., Syst. Bot. 14: 386, fig (1989). Dresslerothamnus schizotrichus (Greenm.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 47(1): 64 (1992). Gesneriaceae: Reldia Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 124. (1977). Reldia alternifolia Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 124 (-125), pl. 35A. (1977). Reldia calcarata L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog, Nordic J. Bot. 8: 606 (607), figs. (1989). Reldia grandiflora L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog, Nordic J. Bot. 8: 607. (1989). Reldia longipedunculata J.L.Clark, Brittonia 67(4): 825. (2015). Reldia minutiflora (L.E.Skog) L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog, Nordic J. Bot. 8: 606 (607), figs. (1989). Reldia minutiflora var. verguasensis (Wiehler) L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog, Nordic J. Bot. 8: 609. (1989). Reldia vergausensis Wiehler, Selbyana 2(1): 127, pl. 35B. (1977). Hymenoptera and other Insects dedicated to Robert L. Dressler Euglossini: Euplusia dressleri Kimsey, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 53: 12. (1977) Euglossa dressleri Moure, Biol. Univ. Fed. Paraná Zoologica 2: 29. (1968). Eufrisia dressleri Kimsey, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 53: 8-18. (1977). Megachilidae: Hypanthidium dressleri Urban, Acta Biol. Paraná. 26: 1-4. (1977). Braconidae: Snellenius bobdressleri Fernández-Triana et. al., Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 62(2): 137.201. (2015). Tabanidae: Esenbeckia dressleri Wilkerson & Fairchild, (1983). Crustacea: Atyidae: Atya dressleri Abele, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 88: 51. (1975). THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 XVII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 APPENDIX 2: Corrections to earlier volumes of Icones Orchidacearum: Eric Hágsater EPIDENDRUM AIDA-ALVAREZII Hágsater, in E. Hágsater & E: Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 11, Icon. Orchid. 15(2): t. 1570. The correct orthography of the specific epithet is Epidendrum aida-alvareziae. EPIDENDRUM BRICENORUM Damian & Hágsater, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1607. The correct orthography of the specific epithet is Epidendrum bricenoorum. EPIDENDRUM DOLICHOCAULUM Hágsater & A.Díaz in E. Hágsater & E: Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1672. The correct authors citation is Hágsater & A.G.Díaz, corresponding to Alex Gustavo Díaz Hernández. EPIDENDRUM HARDINGII J.S.Moreno, Hágsater & L.Sánchez, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 11, Icon. Orchid. 15(2): t. 1584. The correct orthography of the specific epithet is Epidendrum hardingiae. EPIDENDRUM LLATASII Hágsater, A.Díaz et E.Santiago in E. Hágsater & E: Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1679. The correct authors citation is Hágsater, A.G.Díaz & E.Santiago, corresponding to Alex Gustavo Díaz Hernández. EPIDENDRUM MAVRODACTYLON Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): t. 1682. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas has had various collecting permits, and the wrong one was indicated, it should read: The collector wishes to thank the authorities of the Jefatura del Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-SERNANP for granting the research permit entitled “Diversidad y distribución de orquídeas en bosque no intervenido, parches o fragmentos y paisajes agro intervenidos en el Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-2018” and the research authorization and collecting permit N°006-2018-SERNANP-BPAM-JBPAM. EPIDENDRUM MEGALOPENTADACTYLUM Hágsater & Huayta, in E. Hágsater & E.Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): t. 1666. The correct type citation is: Type: PERU: Dept. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Distrito Huancabamba; Sector San Daniel, trayecto a la Coop. Navarra, 1750 m, 10°26'51” S 75°25'22” W, colectado 15 febrero 2018, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez y Abel Huayta Baltazar 41345A, Holotype: HOXA! ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collected under authorization RJ N° 009-2016-SERNANP-PNYCh. EPIDENDRUM ORNIS Hágsater, Edquén, E.Santiago & E.Mondragón in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): t. 1688. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas has had various collecting permits, and the wrong one was indicated, it should read: The collector wishes to thank the authorities of the Jefatura del Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-SERNANP for granting the research permit entitled “Diversidad y distribución de orquídeas en bosque no intervenido, parches o fragmentos y paisajes agro intervenidos en el Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-2018” and the research authorization and collecting permit N°006-2018-SERNANP-BPAM-JBPAM. EPIDENDRUM ORHTODONTUM Hágsater & L.Sánchez in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 361 The title name was incorrectly written with the TH inverted: “Epidendrum orthodontum”. EPIDENDRUM PLEUROTHALLIPNEVMA Hágsater, Edquén, E.Santiago & E.Mondragón in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): t. 1694. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas has had various collecting permits, and the wrong one was indicated, it should read: The collector wishes to thank the authorities of the Jefatura del Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-SERNANP for granting the research permit entitled “Diversidad y distribución de orquídeas en bosque no intervenido, parches o fragmentos y paisajes agro intervenidos en el Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-2018” and the research authorization and collecting permit N°006-2018-SERNANP-BPAM-JBPAM. EPIDENDRUM RAHUII Hágsater in Hágsater & L.Sánchez in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 786 The title name was incorrectly written with the UH inverted: “Epidendrum rauhii”. EPIDENDRUM XELIDONOURUM Hágsater & H.Medina, in E. Hágsater & E: Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1666. OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: El Pangui, flowered at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, flowered 23 X 2016, Hágsater 14808, digital images of pretype, AMO! (photo voucher). The record Hágsater 14808 should be deleted, the illustration corresponds to the new Epidendrum tundaycirrhatum Hágsater & Tobar, and the image did not correspond to the pretype. EPIDENDRUM YANACHAGAËNSE Hágsater, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 9, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1400. The correct type citation is: Type: PERU: Dept. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Distrito Huancabamba; Sector Santa Barbara, 1 km al E de la Escuela-Zona de amortiguamiento, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, 10°21'48” S 75°39'42” W, 3390-3420 m, 29 January 2005, Edgardo Ortiz Valencia, Franco Mellado N., Abel Monteagudo Mendoza & Rolando Francis J. 245. Holotype: MO 6117951! (Illustration voucher) Isotype: HOXA! THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM Part 13 XVIII ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM ACROLITHOPHILUM Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1701 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM ACROLITHOPHILUM Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Loja: Cantón Saraguro, Parroquia Manú, cerca del refugio de Cerro de Arcos, sobre grandes rocas en páramo de alta montaña reforestado de Pinus sp., 3538 m, 22 octubre 2018, Eric Hágsater y Elizabeth Santiago Ayala 16048. Holotype: QCNE! (LCDP and photo voucher). Isotypes: AMO! MEXU! Similar to Epidendrum tenuicaule F.Lehm. & Kraenzl. but leaves 1.0-2.0 cm long, parallel to the stem, imbricated (vs. 1.5-5.0 cm long, somewhat spreading from the stem, not imbricated), inflorescence 1.5-2.0 cm long, (vs. 2.5-3.7 cm long), flowers 7-12 (vs. flowers 1620), mid-lobe of lip sub-quadrate (vs. rectangular, longer than broad). Lithophytic, erect, sub-monopodial, caespitose herb, 10-20 cm tall, with sub-apical branching. Roots 3.5 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thick, white. Stems cane-like, branching above, terete, thin, straight basal stems 10-20 x 0.23-0.35 cm, branches 1.5-3.0 x 0.25-0.3 cm, short, produced from the upper internodes of the basal stems, and themselves short branched, covered at the base by some foliar sheaths. Leaves 10-15, distributed throughout the stems in young plants, 2-5 persistent along the apical half of the branches, articulate, coriaceous, parallel to the stems, imbricating; sheaths 8-13 mm long, tubular, rugose, black-red when young, reddish brown when leaves fall, becoming scarious with age; blade 1.0-2.3 x 0.2-0.7 cm, narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, minutely apiculate, margin crenate, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 1.5-2.0 cm long, apical, racemose, arching-nutant, densely few-flowered; peduncle 3 mm long, terete, thin, without bracts; rachis 1.2-1.7 mm long, hidden by the flowers. Flowers 7-12, resupinate, simultaneous, ovary and dorsal surface of sepals' brown, inner surface yellow-brown, petals and lip yellow, column yellow to yellowish brown with the apex tinged purple; fragrance none noted. Floral bracts 3 mm long, half as long as the ovary, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 6 mm long, terete, thin, not inflated, longitudinally sulcate. Sepals 6.8-7.0 x 3.7-4.0 mm, obovate, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal free, spreading apex rounded; lateral sepals obliquely united to the column, partly spreading, oblique, apex obtuse, shortly apiculate. Petals 6.7 x 2.0 mm, free, spreading, linear-cuneate, apex rounded, 1-veined, margin erose, spreading. Lip 5.5 x 5.5 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, base cordate; bicallose, the calli thin, divaricate; disc provided with 3 ribs, the mid-rib evident and elongate reaching the apical sinus of the mid-lobe, the lateral pair low and short; lateral lobes 1.5 x 2.7 mm, dolabriform, margin crenate; mid-lobe 2.7 x 2.7 mm, sub-quadrate, apex truncate, apical margin crenate, spreading. Column 5 mm long, straight. Clinandriumhood short, margin entire. Anther ca. 1 x 1 mm, reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, lentil-shaped, inner pair somewhat smaller, caudicles soft and granulose, shorter than the pollinia. Rostellum apical, slit. Nectary shallow, without penetrating the pedicellate ovary, not inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: Azuay: km 8, road Cuenca to Molleturo, ca. 2800 m, 21 VII 1985, Dodson 15936, AMES! MO! QCNE! (illustration AMO!) MO! QCA! Cantón: Santa Isabel, Parroquia Shaglli: Santa Isabel-Shaglli-Huertas-Hornillas-La Cebada, entre La Cebada y Hornillas, en el puerto, sobre grandes rocas entre líquenes, 3487 m, 25 IV 2018, Hágsater 15878, QCNE! (sterile, digital images of live plant AMO!) Zorrogucho [Surocucho], 3450 m, 16 III 1984, Luer 9519, SEL! Las Cajas, above Mihuir [Río Migüir], 27002900 m, 26 IV 1985, Harling 24618, GB! QCA! PERU: Piura: Huancabamba: environs of Talaneo, Las Huaringas, 3500 m, 20 II 1981, Wade Davis 701, F! SEL! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Cajamarca: Without locality data, Ocupa Horna s.n., digital photo, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from various localities at the summit of the Cordillera Occidental in the provinces of Azuay and Loja/El Oro in southern Ecuador and neighboring Piura and Cajamarca in Peru, summit of the cordillera in paramo, growing on large boulders with lichens, at 2700-3500 m altitude under very windy, cold, wet conditions. Flowering in October to July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum acrolithophilum belongs to the Cardiophyllum Group, Cuniculatum Subgroup, which is characterized by the sub-monopodial, branching habit, adpressed leaf-sheaths, acute leaves, and 3-lobed lip. The new species is recognized by the short, compact, bushy plants to 20 cm tall, leaves 1.0-2.3 x 0.2-0.7 cm, lanceolate and nearly parallel to the stems, inflorescence 1.5-2.0 cm long, 7-12 flowers yellowish brown with the lip yellow, sepals 6.8-7.0 mm long, lip 5.5 x 5.5 mm, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes dolabriform, and mid-lobe sub-quadrate. Epidendrum tenuicaule Lindl. is also bushy with branching stems to 50 cm tall, leaves 1.5-5.0 x 0.2-0.5 cm, narrowly lanceolate, somewhat spreading from the stems, inflorescence 2.5-3.7 cm long, 16-20 flowers greenish yellow, lip 3.8 x 5.0 mm, mid lobe rectangular, longer than broad. Epidendrum scabrum Ruiz & Pavón has very tall monopodial stems, much larger, wider leaves, to 13 mm wide, with a relatively large, somewhat paniculate, arching-nutant, many-flowered inflorescence 6.5 cm long, flowers yellow, sepals 10 x 2.8 mm, and lip 4.7 x 5.8 mm. Epidendrum scabrum var parviflorum Cogn. has leaves 2.5-3.0 cm long, lanceolate, nearly parallel to the stem, 16 flowers, color not known, sepals 5-6 mm long, lip 3 x 4 mm, the mid-lobe trapezoid, minutely apiculate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek, ακρος summit, λιθος stone, and φιλο- loving, in reference to the ecological adaptation of this species which is found on large boulders on the summit of the Cordillera, exposed to cold, wet, foggy conditions. REFERENCES: Cogniaux, M., 1898, Epidendrum scabrum var. parviflorum, in Martius Fl. Bras. 3(5): 107. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2006, Epidendrum scabrum in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 5, Icon. Orchid. 8: pl. 886. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2006, Epidendrum tenuicaule in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 5, Icon. Orchid. 8: pl. 892. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1701 EPIDENDRUM ALBOMARGINATUM Rchb.f. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1702 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM ALBOMARGINATUM Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 113, 1877. Type: [PERU: Piura: Huancabamba?] “Guacabamba”, 8000 ft, Gustav Wallis 364. Holotype: W 52198! copy of illustration, Gustav Wallis 364, W 34770! Synonym: Epidendrum nitidum L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9: 8, 1940. Type: ECUADOR: Loja; above Loja, 2600 m, 8 July 1939, Charles William Penland & Robert H. Summers 1141. Holotype: AMES 55404! [illustration AMO! (Santiago & Hágsater, 2009) plant directly drawn from specimen, lip and sepal from sketch on specimen, not from Gordon W. Dillon's illustration published by Williams (1940).] Epiphytic, sympodial, scandent, erect herb, 20-40 cm tall. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter, thin, produced only from the base of the primordial stem. Stems 4.5-7.0 x 0.2-0.3 cm, cane-like in the lower half, terete, thin slightly above the middle and forming a fusiform pseudobulb, 3.0-4.5 x 0.4-0.8 cm, covered by 5-7 tubular, non-foliar sheaths, somewhat tinged purple, becoming fibrous with age, 0.5-1.5 cm long, each stem originating from the base of the previous pseudobulb, forming large chains of stems. Leaves 2, 3.0-10.5 x 0.15-0.4 cm, apical, articulate, coriaceous, linear to linearlanceolate, base conduplicate, apex acute, apiculate: sheaths 6 mm long, tubular, reddish brown. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 4.5-10.5 cm long, apical from the mature stem, racemose to pluri-racemose, producing new racemes from a sub-apical internode of the peduncle in succession, laxly few-flowered, asynchronous; peduncle 3.0-5.7 cm long, terete, thin (but not filiform), erect, straight, green; rachis 1.5-5.0 cm long, terete, thin, zigzag, dark wine-red. Floral bracts 3-5 mm long, less than half the length of the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing, very dark wine-red with the margin whitish red, deciduous in old inflorescences. Ovary 7-14 mm long, terete, thin, unornamented, dark wine-red, longitudinally furrowed. Flowers 7-30, successive, up to 4 may be open simultaneously, resupinate, dark wine-red with margins white, column creamy yellow tinged wine-red, lip olive-green or dark wine-red, disc of the lip creamy yellow when flowers mature; fragrance not registered. Sepals margins entire, somewhat revolute; dorsal sepal 7.0 x 3.5 mm, free, slightly reflexed, oblong-elliptic, apex rounded, 5-veined; lateral sepals 7.5 x 4.5 mm, obliquely adnate to basal half of column, partly spreading, base connate, ovate, oblique, apex narrowly rounded, 5-6-veined. Petals 7.0 x 2.5 mm, free, spreading, obovate-oblanceolate, apex rounded, margin entire at basal half, apical half crenulate, spreading. Lip 6.0 x 6.0 mm, united only to the basal 2/3 of the column and forming a large cavity; lip slightly 3-lobed, base shallowly cordate, margin dentate; ecallose, disc concave, surrounded by a semi-circular fleshy thickened ridge and continued apically into a narrow mid-rib ending in the apical sinus; lateral lobes 1.6-2.0 x 3.0-4.0 mm, hemi-elliptic, rounded; mid-lobe 3.0 x 4.5 mm, sub-quadrate, apex bi-lobed, the lobes rounded with a deep narrow sinus in the middle. Column 4-5 mm long, straight, thick, mostly free from the column, apex truncate. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma very short and narrow, at the base of the column, narrow; stigmatic cavity very large reaching nearly the base of the column. Anther ovoid, apex bidentate, 4-celled, wine-red. Pollinia 4, semi-obovoid, laterally compressed, similar in size; caudicles soft and granulose, about as long as the pollinia. Nectary very short, behind the lateral lobes of the stigmatic cavity, apparently without penetrating the pedicellate ovary. Capsule 42 mm long; pedicel 11 mm long, thin, terete; body 25 x 10 mm, ellipsoid, light green with narrow wine-red lines and spots; apical neck 6 mm long. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: Loja: W slopes of the E Andes near Loja, 2300-2400 m, X 1892, Lehmann 8175, K! PERU: Amazonas: Prov. Bongará: Dist. Granada: Comunidad campesina de Diosán, margen derecho del Río Imaza, 2785 m, 22 X 2018, Edquén 1600, HURP! (LCDP and photo voucher). OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Amazonas: Leimebamba-Chachapoyas, 2800 m, Salas Guerrero s.n. digital images received 9 II 2015, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known from southern Ecuador, near Loja, and northern Peru: Piura and Amazonas; epiphytic on Clethra cf. fimbriata Kunth, on both sides of Cordillera Oriental of the Andes at 2300-2785 m altitude. Flowering from July to October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum albomarginatum belongs to the Albomarginatum Group which is characterized by the monopodial, vertical, scandent, zigzag habit, stems cane-like below, somewhat thickened along the apical middle-half or third to form a fusiform pseudobulb, the new stem originating just below the thickened part of the previous stem, apically bifoliate, leaves linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, racemose to paniculate inflorescence, the rachis zigzag, successive pale-translucent flowers with the lateral sepals obliquely united to the base of the column. The species is recognized by the thin stems, cane-like below, fusiform above, leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-10.5 cm long, racemose to pluri-racemose inflorescence, peduncle 3.0-5.7 cm long, rachis strongly zigzag, flowers dark wine-red, margins white, lip olive-green with disk sometimes turning creamy yellow; lip slightly 3-lobed with the margin sub-lacerate-crenate. Epidendrum francisci Chocce, Hágsater & M.E.Acuña has a paniculate inflorescence with the peduncle up to 2 cm long, rachis slightly zigzag, leaves linear oblong, 5.5-6 cm long, flowers pale lilac, the basal half of the column green, the apex dark lilac, the lip entire, cordiform, bicallose, with the margin entire. Epidendrum subliberum C.Schweinf. is vegetatively similar, but the racemose inflorescence has a straight rachis, small, simultaneous flowers (sepals 3-4 mm long), lip is deeply 3-lobed, entirely free form the column and perpendicular to it in natural position. NOTE: The illustration prepared by Gordon W. Dillon and published by Williams (1940) as Epidendrum nitidum shows the disc of the lip concave, surrounded by a thickened rim, and this corresponds well with the photograph of Marcos Salas. The plate here published is somewhat different, in that the disc of the lip shows two widely separate, thickened, elongated, parallel calli, with a fleshy thickened, wide channel that ends in widely triangular platform, and continues into a narrow mid-rib ending in the apical sinus. Though Dillon's illustration may be subject to interpretation, as is our earlier illustration, the photographs are enlightening. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. The forests west of Loja have been heavily deforested and we have no record of any recent collection. The collections from Peru by Edquén and Salas are very recent. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin: albus, white, and margo, margin, in reference to the pale, translucent margins of the tepals. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collection made by Edquén under project “Efecto de la fragmentación de hábitats de bosque alto andino en diversidad de Orchidaceae y Bromeliaceae del anexo de Diosán, Distrito de Granadas, Amazonas” emitido bajo la resolución de Dirección General (RDG) N° 1372018-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS; correspondiéndole el Código de Autorización N° AUT-IFL-2018-025. REFERENCES: Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2009, Epidendrum albomarginatum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: pl. 1201. Chocce, M., E. Hágsater & M. E. Acuña, 2009, Epidendrum francisci, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: pl. 1244. Williams, L.O., 1940, Orchid Studies, XIII; New or interesting orchids from Ecuador and Colombia, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9(1): 1-26. 12 Authors: E. Santiago, E. Hágsater & J. D. Edquén Herbario AMO LCDP: J. D. Edquén & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: M. Salas G. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1702 EPIDENDRUM AMPLIRACEMUM C.Schweinf. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1703 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM AMPLIRACEMUM C.Schweinf., Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 21: 682. 1952. Type: PERU: Huánuco: Carpish Pass, 84 km from Tingo María on highway to Lima, ca. 2750 m, 19 November 1949, Harry Ardell Allard 21002. Holotype: US! (illustration voucher). Sympodial, caespitose, herb, ca. 40 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots basal. Stems 20 x 0.4-1.0 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, erect, straight; the basal half covered by sheaths 3.8-4.5 x 0.4-0.7 cm, non-foliar, tubular, scarious. Leaves 3, erectspreading, alternate, articulate, coriaceous, unequal in size the basal one smaller; sheaths 25-40 mm long, tubular, minutely striated; blade 6.7-13.3 x 3.0-4.4 cm, elliptic, apex obtuse, margin entire, spreading. Spathe 1, 13 x 5 mm, tubular, small, somewhat ancipitose, obtuse. Inflorescence 20 cm long, apical, racemose, erect, many-flowered, sub-dense; peduncle 3.8 cm long, laterally compressed, erect, straight; rachis 16.2 cm long, straight. Floral bracts 5-10 mm long, shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers ca. 30, simultaneous, resupinate, somewhat fleshy, color and fragrance not registered. Ovary 17-20 mm long, terete, thin, slightly dilated behind the perianth. Sepals 17-18 x 5.3-5.6 mm, free, 5-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepals slightly reflexed, oblanceolate, sub-acute; lateral sepals sub-spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, oblique, sub-acute, minutely apiculate. Petals 18 x 2.5 mm, spreading, free, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 3-veined, oblique, margin entire, somewhat revolute. Lip 10.5 x 12.4 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, somewhat convex, base cordate; bicallose, the calli small, proximate, sub-globose, slightly divaricate; disc with 3 thin ribs, the mid-rib elongate, reaching the apical sinus; lateral lobes 4.8 x 6.0 mm, dolabriform, margin slightly erose; mid-lobe 4.4 x 4.8 mm, sub-quadrate, apex truncate, minutely apiculate, margin entire. Column 15 mm long; slightly arched, basal half thin, gradually widens towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood prominent (but without surpassing the body of the column), margin entire. Anther obreniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid; caudicles soft and granulose, as long as the pollinia. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, occupying 1/3 the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary shallow, barely penetrating behind the perianth, not inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Presently known only from a single collection from Central Peru near Huánuco, growing at ca. 2750 m altitude. Flowering in November. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum ampliracemum belongs to the Ampliracemum Group which is characterized by the simple, cane-like, few-leaved stems, with a single, tubular, tight spathaceous bract at the base of a racemose, simple, erect inflorescence, and the flowers resupinate. The species is recognized by the 40 cm tall plants, stems with 3 elliptic leaves 6.7-13.3 x 3.0-4.4 cm, inflorescence densely many-flowered (20 cm long), sepals 17-18 mm long, margin revolute, dorsal slightly reflexed, petals linear-oblanceolate, oblique, and lip 3-lobed, calli small, proximate, sub-globose, slightly divaricate, lateral lobes dolabriform, mid-lobe sun-quadrate, apex minutely apiculate. Epidendrum chalmersii Hágsater & Ric.Fernández has elliptic leaves 5.0-9.5 x 2.2-2.8 cm long, smaller flowers, sepals 11.513.0 mm long, petals narrowly oblanceolate, lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate-elliptic, mid-lobe rectangular-oblong, apex emarginate and bilobed. Epidendrum aquilalatum Hágsater & E.Santiago has leaves 5.8-8.0 x 2.8-3.5 cm, apex rounded, minutely bilobed, inflorescence 16.5 cm long, sub-dense, petals 18 x 1.7 cm, linear-oblanceolate, sub-falcate, acute, and the lip when spread is bird-like, the lateral lobes wing-like, obliquely semi-ovate, and basal half of mid-lobe sub-quadrate forming an isthmus, apical half strongly dilated forming a pair of semi-orbicular, strongly divaricate lobes and ending in a prominent apiculus. Epidendrum brevicallosum Hágsater & E. Santiago has tall plants (58 cm high), with 3 leaves 4.5-8.0 x 1.5-2.7 cm, elliptic, apically rounded, inflorescence 30 cm long, petals 14.8 x 3.4 mm, sub-spathulate, apex rounded, lip with sub-globose, widely separate, small calli, and mid-lobe quadrate with the apex truncate and emarginate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known from a single collection in an area which has been thoroughly collected in the last 75 years. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin ampli- wide, extended, and racemosus, spike-like, in reference to the inflorescence which is a wide raceme. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E. & R. Fernández, 2013, Epidendrum chalmersii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 10, Icon. Orchid. 14, t.1416. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum aquilalatum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1); t. 1705. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum brevicallosum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1); t. 1708. 12 Authors: E. Santiago & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1703 EPIDENDRUM APAHUENSE Mansf. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1704 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM APUAHUENSE Mansf., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 93. 1930. TYPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, Apuaú, May 1930, G. Hübner 355 (Holotype: B, destroyed). NEOTYPE* (Designated by Klein et al. 2019): BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Sebastião do Uatumã, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Uatumã, Igapó forest on the Uatumã River, 2°31'13”S, 58°52'68”W, 12 m, 11 May 2017, Layon Oreste Demarchi 912. Neotype: INPA! Isoneotypes: NY! RB! (LCDP vouchers). Nomenclatural synonyms: Encyclia apuahuensis (Mansf.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29: 164. 1967. Prosthechea apuahuensis (Mansf.) Van den Berg, Lindleyana 16: 143. 2001. Epiphytic sub-caespitose, sympodial, creeping herb ca. 5-7 cm tall including the flowers. Stems 0.2-0.5 x 0.20-0.32 cm, pseudobulbous, ovoid to obovoid, concealed by 3-4, close-fitting sheaths; sheaths 0.6-1.1 cm long, brown, membranaceous, margin entire, the apex acute. Leaves 23 per pseudobulb, 1.2-3.9 x 0.28-1.30 cm, at the apex of the pseudobulbs, elliptical to narrowly obovate, fleshy, dark green, the underside sometimes reddish green, margin entire, the apex acute to minutely 3-lobed. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, peduncle 0.5-2.0 cm long, rachis 0.4-1.5 cm long. Floral bracts 0.1-0.25 cm long, ovate. Flowers 2-4, resupinate, ochre, light pink with veins of the lip reddish, or fully white. Pedicellate ovary 1.7-3.9 cm long, cuniculus ventrally inflated forming a nectary, 0.4-0.5 cm long. Sepals dorsal sepal 2.0-3.8 x 0.2-0.4 cm, narrowly elliptical, 5-veined, apex acuminate, margin entire; lateral sepals 2.0-3.4 x 0.2-0.4 cm, narrowly lanceolate, sub-falcate, 5-veined, apex acuminate, margin entire. Petals 2.2-4.0 x 0.1-0.2 cm, linear, 3-veined, apex acuminate, margin entire. Lip clawed, claw adnate to the column, blade 1.5-2.5 x 1.0-1.5 cm, entire, ovate-lanceolate to distinctly 3-lobed, base of the disk with a pair of ovoid calli, and three longitudinal keels; lateral lobes 0.8-0.9 x 0.3-0.4 cm, sub-obovate, margin entire; mid-lobe 1.2-1.4 x 0.3-0.4 cm, narrowly lanceolate, reflexed, apex acuminate, margin entire. Column 0.6-0.8 x 0.25-0.35 cm, terete, curved. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther apical, sub-orbiculate, clinandrium slightly erose. Pollinia 4. Nectary: prominent, thick, penetrating 1/4-1/8 of the pedicellate ovary and forming a ventral vesicle. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: BRAZIL: Amazonas: São Sebastião do Uatumã, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Uatumã, 2°18'46”S, 59°01'93”W, 15 VI 2017, Klein 156, (sterile) INPA! ibid., 15 VI 2017, Klein 234, (sterile) INPA! VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Autana, Río Autana, s.d., Dunsterville 1125 (AMES, drawing), Maroa, s.d., Romero 3622, TFAV, (illustration in Romero-González et al. 2010), Santa Rosa de Ucata, 23 X 1989, Romero & E. Melgueiro 2218, AMES, VEN. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Epidendrum apuahuense is known from northern Brazil (state of Amazonas) to southern Venezuela, expected in neighboring Colombia. The populations described by Romero-González et al. (2010) have been reported in open environments, growing on small trees in white-sand soil areas. Romero reports plants, apparently being autogamous, produce deformed flowers (the lip not bilaterally symmetric). The new population we found is located in the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Uatumã in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. *NOTES: The holotype, G. Hübner 355, was unfortunately destroyed during WWII, and the other specimen cited in the protologue, G. Hübner 322, was also destroyed. No duplicates or illustration are known. Therefore, a neotype was chosen for the name (Demarchi 912). The neotype (INPA) was collected about 200 km from the original type locality (Rio Negro, Apuaú), and isoneotypes are distributed in two herbaria (NY, and RB). 2 2 CONSERVATION STATUS: Although the species has a wide EOO (197,697.742 km ), its AOO is very small (24,000 km ). Epidendrum apuahuense occurs mainly in white-sand ecosystems, fragile environments generally under threat (Adeney et al. 2016). However, in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Uatumã, where we found a new population, the areas of campinaranas are relatively well protected because of their isolation compared to the flooded forests. The main threat to this species is the Balbina hydroelectric power plant. Currently, the flood pulse of the Uatumã River is regulated by the Balbina dam, and this mega enterprise has caused massive plant community mortality downstream of the hydroelectric dam (Assahira et al. 2017), with the current plant community. Epidendrum apuahuense may have experienced population reductions in this habitat. Other local threats to the species are fire, logging, and cattle raising along the Uatumã River. The other populations are not known to us, but probably suffer similar threats. So, according to the recommendations of IUCN (2017), based on the criteria A1d and B2b, we unofficially consider this species Endangered (EN). MORPHOLOGICAL AFFINITIES: Epidendrum apuahuense can be morphologically compared to species with pseudobulbs and star-shaped flowers as described by Hágsater (1985), which are more similar to E. hagsateri Christenson (“Falcatum group” sensu Hágsater & Sánchez 2010) and E. volutum Lindl. & Paxton (“Coilostylis group” sensu Hágsater & Sánchez 2008). These two species have a reflexed lip, a feature also present in E. apuahuense, but it can be easily distinguished from both species by its vegetative portion with much shorter leaves (up to 3.9 cm long vs. 5–21 cm long) and shorter pseudobulbs (up to 0.3 cm long vs. 4-15 cm long). The flowers are also useful to distinguish the species, and E. apuahuense can be recognized by its ventrally inflated cuniculus forming a nectary (vs. not inflated). Distribution is also a useful feature for distinguishing among species. Epidendrum volutum is known from Costa Rica and Panama, E. hagsateri is known only from Mexico, and E. apuahuense grows in the Amazon Basin. A phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using nuclear (ITS rDNA) and plastid (matK exon, rpl32trnL spacer, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF spacer) datasets, aiming to clarify the generic placement of this taxon. Our results strongly support keeping E. apuahuense under Epidendrum (Klein et al. 2019). ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the Rio Apuaú, an affluent of the Rio Negro, across from Novo Airão, where the original type collection was made. REFERENCES: Adeney, J.M., N.L. Christensen, A. Vicentini, & M. CohnHaft, 2016, White-sand ecosystems in Amazonia, Biotropica 48: 7-23. Assahira, C., M.T.F. Piedade, S.E. Trumbore, F. Wittmann, B.B.L. Cintra, E.S. Batista, A. F. Resende & J. Schöngart, 2017, Tree mortality of a floodadapted species in response of hydrographic changes caused by an Amazonian river dam. Forest Ecology and Management 396: 113–123. Hágsater, E., 1985, Towards an understanding of the genus Epidendrum, pp. 195-201, in K.W. Tan. (ed.), Proceedings of the Eleventh World Orchid Conference, Miami, Florida. Hágsater, E., & L. Sánchez S. 2004. The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4. A Fourth Century of New Species in Epidendrum, Icon. Orchid. 7. Hágsater, E., & L. Sánchez S., 2008, The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7. Species New and Old in Epidendrum. Icon. Orchid. 11. Hágsater, E. and L. Sánchez S., 2010, The genus Epidendrum, Part 9. Species new and old in Epidendrum. Icon. Orchid. 13. Hágsater, E., & M.A. Soto-Arenas, 2005, Epidendrum. pp. 236-251 in A.M. Pridgeon, P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase, and F.N. Rassmussen (eds.), Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae (part one), vol. 4. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Klein, V.P., E.M. Pessoa, L.O. Demarchi, M. Sader, & M.T.F. Piedade, 2019, Encyclia, Epidendrum, or Prosthechea? Clarifying the Phylogenetic Position of a Rare Amazonian Orchid (Laeliinae-Epidendroideae-Orchidaceae), Syst. Bot. 44(2): pp. 297-309. Romero-González, G.A., C. Gómez, & G. Carnevali FernándezConcha, 2010, Novelties in the orchid flora of Venezuela III – Epidendrum. Harvard Pap. Bot. 15: 165–170. 15 Authors: E. M. Pessoa & V. P. Klein Herbario AMO LCDP: L. O. Demarchi Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1704 EPIDENDRUM AQUILALATUM Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1705 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM AQUILALATUM Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Zona de amortiguamiento Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, borde del río Chillcatambo, 1800 m, 16 July 2008, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Antonio Peña, José Luis Mateo, José R. Ayerbe & Rigoberto Rivera 16664. Holotype: USM! (illustration voucher) Isotype: MO. Flowers in spirit AMO! Similar to Epidendrum albifloroides D.E.Benn. & Christenson in every way, but the lateral lobes of the lip acute (vs. rounded), mid-lobe basal half sub-quadrate forming an isthmus, apical half strongly dolabriform dilated forming a pair of semi-orbicular, strongly divaricate lobes and ending in a prominent apiculus (vs. mid-lobe linear-oblong with apiculate apex), and calli small, sub-globose, parallel (vs. calli large, divaricate). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, 32 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots ca. 2 mm in diameter, basal, thin. Stems 13 x 0.81.2 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, erect, straight; the basal half covered by sheaths 1.2-2.8 x 0.7-1.2 cm, non-foliar, tubular, scarious. Leaves 2, sub-erect, alternate, articulate, coriaceous, inequal in size (lower one smaller); sheaths 2.0-2.8 cm long, tubular, minutely striated; blade 5.8-8.0 x 2.8-3.5 cm, elliptic, apex rounded, unequally bilobed, margin entire, spreading. Spathe not seen. Inflorescence 16.5 cm long, apical, racemose, erect, sub-densely many-flowered; peduncle 3.5 cm long, laterally compressed, erect, straight; rachis 13 cm long, straight. Floral bracts 4-10 mm long, shorter that the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers ca. 25, simultaneous, resupinate, somewhat fleshy, cream colored, fragrance not registered. Ovary 18-23 mm long, terete, thin, slightly dilated behind the perianth. Sepals 18-19 x 4.2-4.3 mm, free, 5-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepals slightly reflexed, oblanceolate, acute; lateral sepals sub-spreading, narrowly oblanceolate, oblique, acuminate. Petals 18 x 1.7 mm, spreading, free, linear-oblanceolate, subfalcate, acute, 1-veined, oblique, margin entire, somewhat revolute. Lip 10.7 x 14 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, the whole spread lip appearing bird-like, the lateral lobes revolute, base deeply cordate, margin entire; bicallose, the calli small, sub-globose, parallel; disc with 3 narrow ribs, the mid-rib elongate, reaching the apex and forming the apiculus; lateral lobes 5.3 x 8.2 mm, obliquely semi-ovate, acute, the inner margin straight, the outer margin rounded; mid-lobe 6.4 x 5 mm, basal half subquadrate forming an isthmus, apical half strongly dolabriform dilated forming a pair of semi-orbicular, strongly divaricate lobes and ending in a apex prominent apiculus. Column 12 mm long, straight, the basal 2/3 thin, gradually widened at the apex. Clinandriumhood prominent (but not surpassing the body of the column), margin entire. Anther not seen. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, occupying 1/3 the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary deep, penetrating about half of the pedicellate ovary. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Currently known only from the eastern slope of the Andes in central Peru, Pasco, epiphytic in montane forest, at 1800 m altitude. Flowering in July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum aquilalatum belongs to the Ampliracemum Group which is characterized by the simple, cane-like, fewleaved stems, with a single, tubular, tight spathaceous bract at the base of a racemose, simple, erect inflorescence, the flowers resupinate. The new species is recognized by the elliptic leaves 5.8-8.0 x 2.8-3.5 cm, apically rounded and unequally bilobed, lateral sepals 19 mm long, acuminate, petals linear-oblanceolate and subfalcate, the whole spread lip appearing bird-like, the lateral lobes revolute, base deeply cordate, margin entire; lateral lobes obliquely semi-ovate, acute, the inner margin straight, the outer margin rounded; basal half of mid-lobe sub-quadrate forming an isthmus, apical half strongly dilated forming a pair of semi-orbicular, strongly divaricate lobes and ending in a prominent apiculus. Epidendrum albifloroides D.E.Benn. & Christenson is similar in every way, but has leaves 8.0 x 2.4 cm, lateral sepals 18 mm long, apex acute, petals 14 mm long, linear-oblanceolate, straight; lateral lobes of lip obliquely ovate, apex rounded, mid-lobe linear-oblong with apiculate apex, calli large, divaricate. Epidendrum ampliracemum has larger leaves 6.7-13.3 x 3.04.4 cm, inflorescence densely many-flowered (20 cm long), sepals 17-18 mm long, sub-acute, margin revolute, dorsal slightly reflexed, petals linear-oblanceolate, 1-veined, oblique, lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes dolabriform, mid-lobe sub-quadrate, apex minutely apiculate. Epidendrum chalmersii Hágsater & Ric.Fernández has smaller flowers, sepals 11.5-13 mm long, petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate-elliptic, mid-lobe rectangular-oblong, apex emarginate and bilobed. Epidendrum brevicallosum Hágsater & E.Santiago has leaves 4.5-8.0 x 1.5-2.7 cm, elliptic, apically rounded, not bilobed, lateral sepals 15-16 mm long, apex obtuse, petals sub-spathulate, and lip with lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform, corners rounded and mid-lobe quadrate, apex emarginate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin aquila, eagle, and alatus, winged, in reference to the lip when spread where the lateral lobes obliquely semi-ovate, with the inner margin straight, and the outer margin rounded, and which resemble the wings of an eagle and distinguishes this species from similar ones which have dolabriform lateral lobes. REFERENCES: Bennett, D.E., & E.A. Christenson, 1998, Epidendrum albifloroides in E.A. Christenson (ed.) Icon. Orchid. Peruv. Pt.3: t. 445. Hágsater, E. & R. Fernández, 2013, Epidendrum chalmersii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14; t. 1416. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum brevicallosum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1); t. 1708. E. Santiago & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum ampliracemum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1); t. 1703. 12 Authors: E. Hágaster & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1705 EPIDENDRUM AZUAYENSE Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1706 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM AZUAYENSE Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Azuay; carretera Cuenca-Loja, 2a desviación a San Miguel de Jima, 3362 m, 14 octubre 2018, Eric Hágsater & Elizabeth Santiago Ayala 15944. Holotype: QCNE! Isotype: AMO! (LCDP vouchers). Similar to Epidendrum cuencanum Schltr. but leaves smaller 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, oblong-elliptic (vs. leaves widely elliptic, 7.0-9.0 x 3.2-4.3 cm); inflorescence 2-flowered, flowers orange, column green (vs. inflorescence 3-5-flowered, greenish white), petals 12-13 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate, oblique (vs. 20 x 2 mm, linear), lip widely cordiform, apex obtuse (vs. lip cordiform, apex acute). Terrestrial or straggling amongst bushes forming large mases, sympodial, scandent, herb, up to 70 cm long. Roots 1.5 mm in diameter, scarce along the lower internodes of each successive stem, fleshy, thin, white. Stems 6.0-16.0 x 0.25-0.5 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from a middle internode of the previous stem, terete at the base, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered by non-foliar sheaths 1.7-2.3 cm long, scarious, becoming fibrous. Leaves 2-7[10], distributed throughout the stems, articulate, alternate, spreading, fleshy-coriaceous; sheaths 1.0-2.7 cm long, tubular, laterally compressed somewhat infundibuliform in dry specimens, longitudinally striated; blade 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, oblong-elliptic, apex unequally bilobed, margin entire. Spathe 1-2, 10 x 5 mm, tubular at base, conduplicate at the apex (narrowly obovate when spread), apex obtuse, blackish brown when in flower, membranous, margin entire. Inflorescence ca. 5.5 cm long including the flowers, apical, 2-flowered, erect; peduncle 1.5-2.0 cm long, laterally compressed, totally hidden by the spathe, provided in the middle with a bract 6-10 mm long, rachis 5-10 mm long. Floral bracts 4-8 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 2, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, segments fleshy, rigid, orange colored, the column green; fragrance none. Ovary 26-30 mm long, terete, thin at base, slightly inflated ventrally along less than the apical half, pale green. Sepals narrowly elliptic, acute, 5-veined, the veins short-branched; dorsal sepal 13-18 x 5 mm, free, spreading, margin entire, spreading; lateral sepals 14-17 x 6 mm, obliquely united to the base of the column, partly spreading, oblique, minutely apiculate, margin slightly crenulate towards the apex, spreading. Petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, free, spreading, oblanceolate, acute, slightly oblique, 3-veined, the lateral veins short-branched, margin minutely crenulate, spreading. Lip 8-9 x 11 mm, united to the column, entire, widely cordiform, base slightly cordate, apex obtuse, margin entire, spreading; bicallose, the calli thin, laminar; disc with a low mid-rib that disappears before reaching the apex of the lip. Column 8 mm long, thick, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther spherical, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, unequal in size and shape, somewhat bean-shaped, laterally compressed, caudicles very short. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary penetrating nearly half of the pedicellate ovary, forming an elongate, narrow vesicle, unornamented. Capsule ellipsoid, 8 mm long, pedicel 10 mm long, body 5.5 x 2.1 cm, apical neck 15 mm long. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: Azuay: Carretera San Joaquín-Soldados km 14, 2850 m, 18 VII 2000, Alvarez 2728, LOJA! MO! NY! Girón: Gañadel, 3250 m, 26 XI 1955, Asplund 17856, AMES! Surucucho, 3000-3200 m, 11 VIII 1978, Boeke 2620, AAU! QCA! SEL! Las Cajas, near laguna Llaviuco, 3100-3200 m, 12 IX 1983, Boysen 45095, AAU! QCA! Páramo de Tinajillas, S of Cuenca, 10000-10500 ft, 7 III 1945, Camp E-2100, AMES, NY! (illustration, AMO!) S! 18-20 km W of Cuenca, 16 VII 1945, 9800-10300 ft Camp E-4179, AMES! QCNE! S! Laguna Surucucho, 20 km W of Cuenca, 3000 m, 1 I 1958, Dodson 286, SEL! Road from Cuenca to Loja taking the Gima detour, 3200 m, 23 VII 1985, Dodson 16006, MO! Desviación de carretera Cuenca-Loja hacia Jima, 3200 m, 26 IV 2018, Hágsater 15880, QCNE x2! (photo voucher) Sayausí, ca. 3000 m, 1 IV 1968, Harling 7932, AMES! GB! Sayausid, ca.3100-3300 m, 16 IV 1968, Harling 8342, GB! Cumbe, ca. 3000 m, 22-24 IV 1968, Harling 8728, GB! QCA! 7 km SE of Jima, 3100 m, 27 IV 1985, Harling 24680, GB! QCA! Environs of San José de Raranga, 3100 m, 24 III 1993, Harling 27276, MO! NY! QCA! Carretera a Quinoas, Surucucho, 3000-3200 m, 11 VIII 1978, Jaramillo 509, AAU! QCA! QCNE! Area Nacional Recreacional Cajas, sector Llaviuco, 3300, 7 I 1991, León 2501, QCA! 30 km S of Cuenca on road to Loja, 3100 m, 15 VIII 1997, Lewis 3468, LOJA! 0-2 km W of Laguna Llaviucu, ca. 10 km WNW of Sayausí, 3200 m, 14 VI 1979, Løjtnant 14737, AAU! GB! 10 km NW of Cuenca, Part of Cajas, ca. 3000 m, 24 XI 1981, Madsen 36715, AAU! Patacocha, 7-8 km by trail S of (above) Hda. Tarqui at Irquis on the main Cuenca-Machala road, 3050-3100 m, 29 I 1988, Molau 2762, AAU! GB! QCA! Río Machangara, NW Cuenca, 3000-3100 m, 18 IX 1967, Sparre 18661, S! Ibid. Sparre 18662, S! Gualaceo, Zhidmad, sector San José, Loma de Verde, Area de Bosque Vegetación Protectora Aguarongo, 3127 m, 10 I 2002, Suin 1106, AMO! Cumbe, San Francisco, 3083 m, 29 III 2006, Verdugo 716, HA! Cañar: pass on road Azogues-Taday, 3100 m, 30 III 1985, Harling 23425, AMES! GB! QCA! Tungurahua: Mt. Tungurahua, 2900 m, VII 1984, Hirtz 1843, MO! Road Pataté to Leito to Llanganates Range, 3000 m, 12 Iv 1985, Hirtz 2500, MO! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the highlands in the Province of Azuay and Cañar, Ecuador, terrestrial or straggling in bushes at 2850-3700 m altitude. Flowering from August to April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum azuayense belongs to the Geminiflorum Group, recognized by having a single, sympodial, scandent, straggling habit, a semiovate spathe, erect stems with 3-10 coriaceous leaves, few non-resupinate flowers, and a lip with laminar calli, disc flat. The new species is recognized by the oblong-elliptic leaves 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, 2-flowered inflorescence, flowers orange, column green, sepals 13-18 x 5-6 mm; petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate and slightly oblique, lip widely cordiform, obtuse. Epidendrum cuencanum has widely elliptic leaves 7.0-9.0 x 3.2-4.3 cm, inflorescence 3-5flowered, greenish white; column pale green; sepals 21.5 x 6.3 mm; petals 20 x 2.0 mm, linear, and lip is cordiform, apex acute. Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth is vegetatively similar, also 2[3]-flowered, but the flowers are green to yellowish green, sepals and petals acuminate, lip 3-lobed, apically acuminate, lateral lobes semi-orbicular, small. Epidendrum philocremnum Hágsater & Dodson has similar leaves in size and shape, but the flowers are green, sepals 12-15 x 3.0-5.4 mm, petals 12-14 x 2.3-2.5 mm, oblong, and lip clearly 3-lobed with the mid-lobe triangular. Epidendrum geminiochraceum Hágsater, E.Santiago & Medina Tr. has plants to 35 cm tall, leaves 5.0-8.5 x 1.2-2.0 cm, oblong, 2-4 flowers fleshy, orange to ochre-orange, sepals acuminate, longitudinally somewhat convex, dorsal sepals 22 x 6.5, petals 18.5 x 4 mm, lanceolate, lip 16-17 x 15-16 mm, clearly 3-lobed, apex acuminate. Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth is generally 2-flowered (rarely 3-flowered), flowers green or greenish-yellow, sepals 14-18[21] mm long, acute and apiculate, with the margin revolute, petals 14.4-16.0[19] mm long, narrowly lanceolate, lip canaliculate down the center in natural position, the margins then spreading, especially the lateral lobes, which are smaller than the mid-lobe CONSERVATION STATUS: LC. Less Concern. Common in the Provinces of Azuay, Cañar and Tungurahua in central Ecuador. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the Province of Azuay in Ecuador, where the species has been collected and is common. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections by Hágsater made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 2016-0045, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E. & C.H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum philocremnum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 470. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum geminiochraceum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1725. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum cuencanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1716. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum geminiflorum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1724. Authors: E. Hágsater & E.Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1706 EPIDENDRUM BEATRICIS Hágsater & Uribe Vélez THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1707 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM BEATRICIS Hágsater et Uribe Vélez, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Municipio Dagua: Cañón del Río Dagua, 1530 m, exhibida en Exposición Nacional de Orquídeas, Popayán, 27 marzo 2018, Olga Beatriz Escobar sub Eric Hágsater 15636. Holotype: HPUJ! (LCDP voucher) Similar to Epidendrum cardiophorum Schltr. but the floral segments yellow-green to ochre (vs. green), sepals 5-veined (vs. 7-veined), petals 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined (vs. 2-3 mm wide, 5-veined), lip sub-rectangular-ovoid, base truncate, apex obtuse (vs. ovate-cordate to suborbicular, cordate at the base, apex rounded, emarginate), column straight, clinandrium-hood straight to slightly upturned (vs. column slightly arching at the apex, clinandrium hood downward), and nectary thin, deep (vs. deep, inflated above the middle). Epiphytic, sympodial, sub-caespitose, creeping herb, ca 18 cm tall. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter, thin, white, scarce from the creeping rhizome. Stems ca. >8 x 0.4-0.5 cm (the erect part, above the rhizome), simple, cane-like, the lower 4-6 internodes rhizomatous, ca. 2-5 cm long, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed above, sub-erect-reclining, straight; base covered by 2 sheaths 2.8 x 0.4-0.5 cm, non-foliar, becoming scarious. Leaves 2-4, distributed along the apical half of the stem, alternate, articulate, sub-erect, twisted near base so the blade is nearly on the same plane as the stem, coriaceous, green, concolor; sheath 1.2-2.2 x 0.4-0.5 cm, tubular, minutely striated; blade 4.3-6.5 x 1.4-1.8 cm, narrowly oblong-elliptic, apex bilobed, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 6-10 cm long, apical, distichous, simple, erect, flowering only once; peduncle 2.2 cm long, erect, straight, laterally compressed, provided with a single bract 1.7 cm long, similar to the floral bracts, tubular at base, conduplicate, apex rounded. Floral bracts 11.0-12.5 x 5-6 mm, (not spread), amplexicaul, conduplicate, not imbricated, similar in size and shape, slightly shorter than the ovary, ovate-elliptic, when spread, dorsally carinate, apex obtuse. Flowers 3-8, distichous, the lip always facing the rachis, opening in successive, eventually all open at the same time, ochre turning orange with age, column green; without fragrance. Ovary 10 mm long, terete, thin at base, dilated along the apical ¾, shallowly furrowed. Sepals 6-7 x 2.8-3.0 mm, spreading, free, somewhat fleshy, unornamented, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, with a low dorsal keel and minutely apiculate; 5-veined; dorsal sepal with margin entire, spreading; lateral sepals slightly oblique, margin entire, slightly revolute. Petals 6 x 1.2 mm, spreading, free, linear-oblong, apex rounded, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 4.5 x 3.2 mm, united to the column, entire, sub-rectangular-ovoid, base truncate, apex obtuse, margin entire, involute at base, spreading thereafter; bicallose, calli small, globose, disc with 3 very short, low ribs. Column 3.5 mm long, straight, thick. Clinandrium-hood prominent, flush with the apex of the column, margin entire. Anther 4-celled, reniform, apex bidentate, with a low dorsal mid-rib. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed, sub-equal; caudicles soft and granulose, longer than the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary penetrating ¾ of the ovary, thin, not inflated above the middle. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Dagua, bei Naranjo, am Rio Dagua, Dagua, 3000 ft, 3 V 1878, Lehmann 53780, W 62229! Rio Dagua bei Cali, 400-1000 m, 1 V 1885, Lehmann 4177, G x5! OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: El Oro: entre Piñas y Zaruma, 1100 m, Tobar s.n., Digital image, AMO! (photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Apparently widespread along the Pacific slope of the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia and Ecuador, at 1000-1500 m altitude. Flowering in April-May. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum beatricis belongs to the Spathiger group which is recognized by sympodial plants and distichous inflorescence, and the rigidum sub-group which is characterized by the non-secund, mostly small flowers (lip <12 mm long). The species is recognized by the yellow-green to ochre flowers, the narrower petals, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, lip sub-rectangular-ovoid, small globose calli, the straight column with the clinandrium hood straight or slightly upwards. It is very similar to Epidendrum cardiophorum Schltr., the common species from Mesoamerica, and is also found in the basin of the Cauca River, and at low altitude along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador, and which always has green flowers, a straight, sub-erect inflorescence, and 7-8 mm long sepals, petals 2-3 mm wide, 5-veined, spreading, nearly reflexed, lip ovate-cordate to sub-orbicular, cordate at the base, apex rounded, short, triangular-ovate floral bracts (7-11 mm long) which do not totally cover the ovary, and entire clinandrium-hood which is slightly arching downwards. Epidendrum rigidum Sw. usually has an arching inflorescence, small flowers, sepals 4-7 mm long, the sepals and petals only partly spreading, the large (7-22 mm long) floral bracts covering the whole of the ovary, and the prominent, erose to deeply dentate clinandriumhood where the rostellum is nearer to the base of the column and the anther sunken, the calli are pyramid-shaped. Epidendrum angustisegmentum (L.O.Williams) Hágsater from the Caribbean coast of western Panama and Costa Rica, has smaller plants (the stems 1015 cm tall), shorter, wider leaves, and larger flowers (sepals 9-10 mm long) and ovate, 15-20 mm long bracts. Epidendrum nitens Rchb.f. is easily recognized by the floral bracts which are divergent from the rachis, ovate and rounded, the sepals and petals only partly spreading, and the pandurate lip. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Apparently somewhat widespread, but difficult to distinguish from Epidendrum cardiophorum in herbarium material. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Mrs. Olga Beatriz Escobar in Cali, who cultivated the plant and exhibited it at the National Orchid Exposition in Popayán, Cauca in March, 2018, and shared the type material. REFERENCES: Dietrich, H., 2007, Epidendrum rigidum in W. Greuter & R. Rankin (eds.), Orchidaceae-I, in Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc., 12: 54-55 (only illustration). Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum angustisegmentum in E. Hágsater & J. García Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 308. Jiménez M., R., & E. Hágsater, 2010, Epidendrum cardiophorum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds). The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1311. Jiménez M., R., & E. Hágsater, 2010, Epidendrum nitens in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds). The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1361. 8 Authors: E. Hágsater & C. Uribe V. Herbario AMO LCDP: C. Uribe V. & R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: F. Tobar Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1707 EPIDENDRUM BREVICALLOSUM Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1708 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM BREVICALLOSUM Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: CUZCO: Prov. Urubamba: km 88 camino Cuzco a Machu Picchu, 2400 m, 31 October 2000, Moises Quispe & Carmen R. Soto 17. Holotype AMO! (illustration voucher). Similar to Epidendrum chalmersii Hágsater & E.Santiago, but plants to 58 cm tall (vs. 20-30 cm tall), inflorescence 30 cm long (vs. inflorescence 6.0-7.5 cm long), leaves apically rounded (vs. leaves apically sub-obtuse), sepals 15-16 mm long (vs. sepals 11.5-13.0 mm long), petals sub-spathulate, apex rounded (vs. petals narrowly oblanceolate, apex obtuse), and lip with a pair of small, parallel calli, midlobe quadrate (vs. lip with prominent, divergent calli, mid-lobe of lip rectangular-oblong, wider at base). Lithophytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, to 58 cm tall. Roots 1.3-1.5 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thin. Stems 28 x 0.35-0.8 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, erect, straight; basal half covered by sheaths 2.5-4.5 x 0.35-0.8 cm, non-foliar, tubular at base, infundibuliform at the apex, scarious. Leaves 3, erect-spreading, alternate, articulate, coriaceous, unequal in size (the basal one smaller); sheaths 2.5-3.0 cm long, tubular, minutely striated; blade 4.5-8.0 x 1.5-2.7 cm, elliptic, apex rounded, margin entire, slightly revolute. Spathe 1, 22 x 5 mm, tubular, small, somewhat ancipitose, obtuse. Inflorescence 30 cm long, apical, racemose, erect, sub-densely many-flowered; peduncle 6 cm long, laterally compressed, erect, straight; rachis 22 cm long, straight. Floral bracts 4-9 mm long, shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 27, simultaneous, resupinate, somewhat fleshy, tepals greenish cream colored with slight purple suffusion, lip creamy white. Ovary 19-25 mm long, terete, thin, slightly dilated behind the perianth. Sepals 1516 x 4.1-5.1 mm, free, 5-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepal slightly reflexed, oblanceolate, obtuse; lateral sepals subspreading, oblanceolate-spathulate, slightly oblique, obtuse. Petals 14.8 x 3.4 mm, spreading, free, sub-spathulate, 3-veined, apex rounded, margin entire, revolute. Lip 7.5 x 10 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, somewhat convex, base cordate, margins minutely erose; bicallose, calli small, sub-globose, parallel, widely separated; disc with 3 thin ribs which disappear at the middle of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes 3.4 x 5 mm, obliquely dolabriform, corners rounded. Column 13 mm long, straight, basal half thin, gradually widened towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood prominent (without surpassing the apex of the column), margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, lentil-shaped; caudicles soft and granulose, as long as the pollinia. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary shallow, barely penetrating behind the perianth, not inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from southern Peru, Cuzco, along the Urubamba river; lithophytic at 2400 m. Flowering in October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum brevicallosum belongs to the Ampliracemum Group which is characterized by the simple, cane-like, fewleaved stems with a single, tubular, tight spathaceous bract at the base of a racemose, simple, erect inflorescence; the flowers resupinate. The new species is recognized by the tall plants (58 cm high), with 3 leaves 4.5-8.0 x 1.5-2.7 cm, elliptic, apically rounded, inflorescence 30 cm long, petals 14.8 x 3.4 mm, sub-spathulate, apex rounded; lip with sub-globose, widely separated small calli, and mid-lobe quadrate with the apex truncate and emarginate. Epidendrum chalmersii also from Cuzco, at 3050 m altitude, has smaller plants (20-30 cm tall, inflorescence 6.0-7.5 cm long, petals 12 x 2.3 mm, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, and lip with prominent slightly divergent calli, mid-lobe rectangular-oblong, wider at base. Epidendrum ampliracemum C.Schweinf. has similarly sized plants, (ca. 40 cm tall), leaves 6.7-13.3 x 3.0-4.4 cm, elliptic, apex obtuse, petals linear-oblanceolate, obtuse and oblique, lip 3-lobed, calli small, proximate, subglobose, slightly divergent, mid-lobe of lip sub-quadrate, apex truncate and minutely apiculate. Epidendrum aquilalatum Hágsater & E.Santiago has plants 32 cm tall, 2 leaves 5.8-8.0 x 2.8-3.5 cm, elliptic, apically rounded, inflorescence 16.6 cm long, petals 18 x 1.7 cm, linear-oblanceolate, falcate, acute, and the lip when spread is bird-like, the lateral lobes wing-like, obliquely semi-ovate, and basal half of mid-lobe sub-quadrate forming an isthmus, apical half strongly dilated forming a pair of semi-orbicular, strongly divaricate lobes and ending in a prominent apiculus. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. At present known only from the type. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin brevis, short, and callosum, with callosities, in reference to the short calli that distinguishes this species from the closely related Epidendrum ampliracemum which has large divergent, prominent calli. REFERENCES: Collantes, B., & C. Soto, 2007, Epidendrum chalmersii in Orchids in Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel, p. 113. Hágsater, E., & R. Fernández, 2013, Epidendrum chalmersii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1416. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum ampliracemum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1703. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum aquilalatum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1705. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1708 EPIDENDRUM CAMILAE Collantes & Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1709 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CAMILAE Collantes et Hágsater, sp. nov. Tipo: PERU: Cusco: Prov. Urubamba: Dist. Machu Picchu: Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu, Quebrada Torontoy, ca. 2910 m, 29 noviembre 2018, Julio Gustavo Ochoa Estrada, Benjamín Collantes Meza, Feliciano Incahuamán y Julián Lupinta 149. Holotype: USM (Illustration voucher, digital image AMO!). Isotype: CUZ (digital image AMO!). Similar to Epidendrum astetei Hagsater, Collantes & Mormontoy, leaves similar but longer to 8 cm long (vs. leaves to 5.8 cm long), inflorescence densely many-flowered but smaller, petals oblong, sub-pandurate (vs. petals lanceolate-oblong), lip 3-lobed, united to 2/3 of the column, basally narrowly saccate, with 2 pairs of lateral ribs, laminar and transversely oblong, mid-rib laminar outline like a bell-shaped curve, free portion of lip flat, 3-lobed, ecallose, margin erose, formed by lateral lobes dolabriform, semi-orbicular, mid-lobe transversely reniform, forming two shallow, curved lobules, apex emarginate (vs. lip nearly totally united to the column, 3-lobed, basally sac-like; disc with two pairs of blade-like ribs, the inner pair well developed, sigmoid-folded, with the anterior borders visible below the apex of the column as a pair of folded calli, with a prominent hemicordate mid-rib hidden in between the inner sides of the inner pair; the basal pair smaller in size, sigmoid, transversely sub-rectangular, sub-retuse). Epiphytic, pendulous, monopodial, branching herb, 22.30 cm long. Roots 2 mm in diameter, basal, from the main stem. Stem 10-18 x 0.4-0.5 cm, new stems generated from a middle internode of the previous stem, stems cane-like, terete, thin, straight. Leaves 8-13, distributed throughout the stem, only 2-6 present towards the apex of the stem at flowering, distichous, articulate, sub-coriaceous; bracts 1.3-1.8 cm long, tubular, striated; blade 0.8-8.0 x 0.2-0.6 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex sub-obtuse to sub-acute, conspicuously minutely apiculate. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, racemose, short, densely many-flowered, pendulous; peduncle 25-30 x 1 mm. Floral bract 3-10 mm long, covering 2/3 of the ovary, the basal ones longer, shorter towards the apex, narrowly triangular, embracing, margin scarcely papillose, the papillae conical. Flowers 7-10, at anthesis successive from the base of the inflorescence, the apical flowers still small buds, flower 1.0 x 1.2 mm, resupinate, sepals and petals pale green, purple towards the margins with the margin pale green, lateral lobes of lip pale green, lip mid-lobe pale green, the margin suffused pale green to pale purple, column pale green, dorsally towards the apex pale purple, anther pale green, with the center dark purple, ovary pale green; fragrance a combination of vanilla and urine. Ovary 13 x 1.9 mm, terete, arcuate, thin at base, slightly thickened towards the apex, not inflated, ornate with small to sub-conical pustules. Sepals 3, partly spreading, dorsally prominently conically to sub-conically uncinate, margin entire, dorsal sepal 7.1 x 3.4 mm, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 3-veined; lateral sepals 9.0 x 5.4 mm, oblique, transversely hemi-cordate, 4-5 veined, wider at the base than the dorsal sepal, the apical upper margin minutely papillate. Petals 6.8 x 2.6 mm, spreading, oblong, sub-pandurate, apex rounded, 3veined, margin minutely erose-digitate. Lip 5.9 x 8.9 mm (free portion), 2/3 united to the column, basally narrowly saccate with the column, with a pair of prominent laminar winged ribs attached to the sides, the outer rib small, the inner wing of each pair prominent, transversely oblong, subquadrate, and with a prominent laminar mid-rib at the bottom of the sac, 3.4 x 1.7 mm, outline like a bell-shaped curve; free portion of lip flat, 3lobed, ecallose, many-veined with anastomosis, margin erose, formed by lateral lobes 4.0 x 2.8 mm, dolabriform, hemi-elliptic, margin irregular, the posterior margin involute; mid-lobe 2.3 x 5.1 mm, transversely reniform, forming two shallow, curved lobules, apex emarginate. Column 5.0 x 2.2 mm, dorsally straight, with a pair of apical, lateral widely rounded lobes, sub-oblique, the apical margin touching each other leaving a very small aperture beneath the anther and rostellum. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther transversely reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, sub-equal, the inner pair widely obovoid, the outer pair obovoid. Nectary widely rounded, saccate at the base of the lip without penetrating the ovary, with the prominent mid-rib of the lip facing the column. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Presently known only from a single collection from southern Peru, on the upper slopes of the Cordillera of the Andes in the province of Urubamba, in the Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu; epiphytic on Polylepis pauta Hieron, at around 2910 m altitude. Flowering in cultivation in December, in nature probably in December-January. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum camilae belongs to the Diothonea Group and Subgroup which is characterized by the branching plants, linear lanceolate to oblong, bilobed leaves, racemose, arching-nutant inflorescence, membranaceous flowers (rarely fleshy), the entire to 3-lobed, ecallose lip with the margin erose without or with 1-10 thin, smooth to erose ribs, the column completely to obliquely united to the lip. The new species has leaves to 8 cm long, sepals dorsally prominently conically to sub-conically uncinate, lip 3-lobed, base narrowly saccate with the column, within the column with a pair of prominent laminar winged ribs attached to the sides, and with a prominent laminar mid-rib at the bottom of the sac, outline like a bell-shaped curve, all this hidden by the column; free portion of lip flat, 3-lobed, ecallose, margin erose, formed by lateral lobes dolabriform, semi-orbicular, mid-lobe transversely reniform, forming two shallow, curved lobules, apex emarginate. Epidendrum astetei Hagsater, Collantes & Mormontoy is very similar but has shorter leaves, to 5.8 cm long, also has prominently uncinate sepals, lip nearly totally united to the column, 3-lobed, basally sac-like; disc with two pairs of blade-like ribs, the inner pair well developed, sigmoid-folded, with the anterior borders visible below the apex of the column as a pair of folded calli, with a prominent hemi-cordate mid-rib hidden in between the inner sides of the inner pair; the basal pair smaller in size, sigmoid, transversely sub-rectangular, sub-retuse. Epidendrum trachypentatropis Hágsater & E.Santiago has small reddish flowers, dorsally muricate sepals 5.5-5.7 mm long, and the sack-like lip nearly totally united to the column, with 5 prominent, unequal, flat, laminar keels hidden below the column. Epidendrum trachysepalum Hágsater has up to 9-11, pale pink to yellowish brown flowers with wine-red veins, the sepals are strongly muricate, the lip totally free from the column and is adorned with 3 thin, ribs at the base of the lip, the lateral pair is “U” shaped, and the mid-rib only appears on the disc, so on the disc it appears to be 5-ribbed. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Presently known from a single collection. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Camila Meza Yllpa (1930-), born in the district of Yauri, Espinar, Cuzco, mother of the first author, for her support in a lifetime dedicated to nature and its biodiversity. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank José Koechlin, President of the Board of Directors of Inkaterra, José Bastante, Director of the Parque Arqueológico de Machu Picchu, and Biol. Julio Gustavo Ochoa, as well as the park guards Feliciano Incahuamán and Julián Lupinta, who made this discovery possible. REFERENCE: Hágsater, E., B. Collantes & R. Mormontoy, 2013, Epidendrum astetei, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1409. Hágsater, E., E. Santiago, 2010, Epidendrum trachypentatropis, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum Part 9, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1394. Hágsater, E., 2010, Epidendrum trachysepalum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum Part 9, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1395. 12 Authors: B. Collantes & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: B. Collantes & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: B. Collantes Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1709 EPIDENDRUM CARANQUII Hágsater & Salas-Guerr. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1710 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CARANQUII Hágsater et Salas Guerr., sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Morona Santiago: El Pangui: Tundayme: Cordillera del Cóndor, cerca del destacamento militar Cóndor Mirador, en la Frontera Ecuador-Perú, 1800 m, 15 XII 2000, Galo Pavón & Jorge Caranqui 339. Holotype: QCNE! (illustration voucher). Isotype: MO! Similar to Epidendrum ancistronum Hágsater & Dodson but leaves are narrower, 1.4-1.7 cm wide (vs. leaves 2.5-3.5 cm wide), flowers brown and yellow, column white (vs. green mottled with red-brown), sepals lanceolate-elliptic (vs. sepals ovate-elliptic), lip 3.5 x 1.2 mm, long and narrow (vs. 3.1-3.5 x 2.6-3.0 mm, nearly as wide as it is long). Epiphytic, sympodial, creeping herb, 30-34 cm tall, including the inflorescence. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter, from the base of the basal stem, simple, thin. Stems 5.7-12.5 x 0.5-0.6 cm, erect, cane-like, thin, straight, terete at the base, laterally compress towards the apex, produced for the lower internodes of the previous stem, covered with non-foliar sheaths at the base. Leaves 1-4 per stem, distributed along the apical 1/2 of the stem, erect, straight, base conduplicate; foliar sheaths 2.8 x 0.8 cm, striated, rugose; blade 7.8-11.6 x 1.4-1.7 cm, unequal, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, bilobate at the apex. Spathe 7.1 x 1.4 cm, lanceolate, acute, ancipitose, covering almost all the peduncle. Inflorescence 17.8 cm long, apical, racemose, elongate, slightly laterally compressed, not ancipitose, lax-flowered; peduncle 8.5 cm long, rachis 11.4 cm, arching. Floral bracts ca 0.1 cm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, acute, the apical ones shorter, embracing. Flowers 16-38, opening in succession, eventually all open at once, non-resupinate; buds and flowers brown, sepals brown, yellow towards the base and apex, petals yellow, lip yellow with brown overlay, column white, with wine-red dots at the apex, anther pale yellow; no fragrance registered. Ovary 8 mm long, not inflated, smooth, terete. Sepals 6.0-6.4 x 2.8-3.0 mm, free, spreading, fleshy, 5-veined, lanceolate-elliptic, acute, margins entire; lateral sepals with an apical dorsal keel. Petals 5.7 x 1.1 mm, free, spreading, oblanceolate, acute, fleshy, 3-veined, margin entire. Lip 3.5 x 1.2 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, oblong in general form, longer than wide; lateral lobes 1.1 x 0.4 mm, reduced, sub-triangular, falcate, hook-like, apex acute, margin entire; mid-lobe 2.4 x 1.2 mm, oblong to rectangular, apical margin involute in natural position, base cuneate; bicallose, 2 parallel calli, elongate laminar, high, with a drop-shaped hump in between and protruding beyond the calli. Column 4 mm long, short, thick, with a pair of lateral fleshy, redounded wings, margin undulate. Clinandrium-hood short, margin undulate. Anther cordiform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovate, slightly laterally compressed; caudicles short, soft and granulose, viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma 1/3 de length of the stigmatic cavity, prominent. Nectary very short and narrow, without penetrating the pedicel. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas: Dist. Leimebamba: Cordillera de Yasgolga, 2879 m, Marcos Salas 120, received 27 I 2017, LCDP, AMO! (Photo voucher) DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known from Ecuador, on the Cordillera del Cóndor, as well as neighboring Peru south in the Department of Amazonas in the Cordillera de Yasgolga. Epiphytic on old trees on sandstone of Andean Tepui, at 1800-2900 m altitude, flowering in December and January. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum caranquii belongs to the Mancum Group which is characterized by the sympodial growth, narrow spathaceous bract with parallel sides, erect raceme with non-resupinate flowers and a generally reduced, fleshy lips. The new species is recognized by 1-4 lanceolate-oblong leaves 7.8-11.6 x 1.4-1.7 cm, the sepals brown, yellow towards the base and apex, petals yellow, lip yellow with brown overlay, column white, with wine-red dots at the apex, with lanceolate-elliptic sepals and lanceolate petals, 3lobed lip, three times longer than wide, 3.5 x 1.2 mm, with an oblong mid-lobe and reduced lateral lobes, bicallose lip, the calli elongate, laminar, high, with a drop-shaped hump in between. Epidendrum ancistronum with wide, ovate-elliptic leaves, 5-11 x 2.5-3.5 cm, with sepals and petals green, marked and mottled with red-brown, lip and column cream-colored with red dots, the lip bicallose, with lateral lobes falcate, the mid-lobe trapezoid to sub-quadrate and with a reduced clinandrium. Epidendrum condorense Hágsater & L.Sánchez has 2 proportionately wider leaves, 5.0-8.0 x 1.0-2.0 cm, lip as wide as it is long, 3.3-3.4 x 3.0-3.1 mm, sepals are brown, petals and lip green. Epidendrum mancum Lindl. has 2-3 ovate-elliptic leaves 2-6 x 1.3-2.7 cm, and the entire lip 4.8-5.0 x 2.4-3.5 mm, without any lateral lobes. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. The species appears to be rather widespread along the Andean tepuis east of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes, which had been relatively untouched, but are now under pressure from large mining activity, the locality near Tundayme has been totally razed. ETYMOLOGY: in honor of Jorge Marcelo Caranqui Aldaz (1972-), director of the CHEP herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, who collected the type. He specializes in inventories of wet tropical and montane forests. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson ex L. Sánchez S., 2004, Epidendrum condorense, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 728. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2009, Epidendrum ancistronum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: t. 1204. Sánchez S., L., & E. Hágsater, 2009, Epidendrum mancum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: t. 1262. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & M. Salas G. Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: M. Salas G. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1710 EPIDENDRUM CHLORONANUM Hágsater & Cisneros THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1711 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CHLORONANUM Hágsater et Cisneros, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Azuay: Cuenca: Parroquia San Joaquín: Soldados, Parque Nacional El Cajas, 2000 m, col. 8 septiembre 1999, pressed 18 octubre 2000, José Portilla sub Eric Hágsater 12278. Holotype: AMO 23545! (illustration and photo voucher). A-3397 (spirit)! Similar to Epidendrum leuconanum Hágsater & L.Valenz. but inflorescence up to 4 flowered, sessile (vs. up to 10 flowered, short raceme sessile), flowers larger, greenish brown, lip and column light green, anther purple (vs. pale greenish white) sepals 8.0 mm long and petals 7.0 mm long (vs. sepals 5.5 mm long and petals 3.0 mm long), mid-lobe of lip rectangular, 3.0 mm long (vs. narrowly triangular, revolute at the apex, 2.0 mm long) and lateral-lobes of lip about 3/4 the length of mid-lobe (vs. about 1/3 the length of the mid-lobe ). Epiphytic, sympodial, sub-caespitose herb, ca. 4.4-10 cm long including the inflorescence, pendent, branched, new stems produced from the base of the previous stem in older plants. Roots 0.9 mm in diameter, basal, simple. Stems ca. 4.4-9.2 x 0.6-0.7 cm, new stems horizontal to pendulous, produced from the base of the previous stem in older plants, laterally compressed, ancipitose, thicker towards the apex, completely covered by evanescent, imbricating, foliaceous sheaths. Leaves 6-11, articulate, unequal, progressively larger towards the apex, evenly distributed throughout the stems, succulent; sheaths 3.0-7.0 x 4.0 mm, tubular, strongly laterally compressed, ancipitose; blade 1.2-2.1 x 0.4-0.6 cm, ovate-lanceolate, acute, twisted so as to be on the same plane as the stem, spreading. Inflorescence 1.7-2.0 cm long, apical, sessile, 2-4-flowered; peduncle reduced. Flowers 2-4, simultaneous, resupinate, greenish brown, lip and column light green, anther purple; fragrance none registered. Floral bracts 6.0-7.0 mm long, decreasing, ovatetriangular, acute. Ovary 9.0 mm long, thin, inflated throughout from near base, forming an elongate ventral vesicle, terete, glabrous. Sepals 8.0-9.0 x 3.0-4.0 mm, spreading, acute, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, 3-veined; lateral sepals elliptic, 4-veined with a dorsal keel, laterally compressed, margin erose, aristate. Petals 7.0 x 0.8 mm, linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-veined, partly spreading, margin entire, spreading. Lip 4.0 x 5.0 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, base cordate, fleshy, margin entire; bicallose, the calli basal, small, semi-globose, elongate, somewhat divaricate; lateral lobes 2.7 x 2.0 mm, obliquely semi-ovate, about 3/4 the length of the triangular, obtuse; mid-lobe 3.0 x 2.0 mm, rectangular, apex rounded to acute, margin entire, spreading disc glabrous. Column 4.4 mm, nearly straight. Clinandrium-hood prominent, funnel shaped, surpassing the body, covering the anther completely, margin entire, dentate. Anther semi-orbicular, spiculate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles granulose, slightly longer than the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma long, over half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary very deep, penetrating the whole pedicel, wide throughout, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Presently known only from the type, from southern Ecuador from the Parque Nacional El Cajas, 2000 m, in the Azuay. Epiphytic, flowering in October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum chloronanum belongs to the Nanum Group, which is characterized by the Dichaea-like horizontal or pendulous stems, the inflorescence produced by pairs of opposite flowers without spathaceous bracts, but with prominent floral bracts. The new species is recognized by the flowers greenish brown, lip and column light green, anther purple larger floral segments (ca. 7.0-9.0 mm long), ovary inflated ventrally from the base, lip 3-lobed with a rectangular, acute mid-lobe, and the lateral lobes of the lip semiovate, about 3/4 of the length of the mid-lobe. Epidendrum leuconanum has apical and axillary, short, racemose, sessile inflorescences, a short peduncle (1.5 cm long) all covered with bracts, a rachis about 2.8 cm long, pale greenish white flowers, a straight column with a prominent, 3-lobed, dentate clinandrium-hood. Epidendrum tingo-mariae Hágsater has a short racemose inflorescence (15 mm long), ovary not inflated, a short nectary that does not penetrate behind the perianth, short sepals and petals (4.5 mm long and 3.5 mm long, respectively), and lip 3-lobed with a sub-triangular mid-lobe and lateral lobes about 1/3 of the length of the mid-lobe. Epidendrum vesicinanum Hágsater & L.Valenz. is easily distinguished by smaller lateral lobes of the lip, a lanceolate mid-lobe, an inflated pedicellate ovary just behind the perianth forming a rounded vesicle. Epidendrum integrinanum Hágsater, from the Cordillera del Cóndor in Ecuador, has large, caespitose plants (about ca. 6-30 cm long), widely lanceolate leaves, with cream-greenish tone flowers and a small sub-entire lip, 4.0 x 2.5 mm, mid-lobe triangular (longer than wide) lateral lobes much reduced, hemi-orbicular and rounded. Epidendrum bonitense Hágsater & Dodson has long plants (10-30 cm), stems horizontal to pendulous, flowers glaucous green with a faint purple tinge, ovary 12 mm long, long sepals and petals (12 mm and 10 mm, respectively), a 3-lobed lip (5 mm long), mid-lobe subrectangular, and 2 prominent, globose calli. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known only from type. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek χλωρος, green, and υαυος dwarf, in reference to the green flowers of this species of the Epidendrum nanum group. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum tingo-mariae, E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 388. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum integrinanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1729 . Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum bonitense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 113. Hágsater, E., & L. Valenzuela, 2019, Epidendrum leuconanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1732 Hágsater, E., & L. Valenzuela, 2019, Epidendrum vesicinanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1755. Authors: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1711 EPIDENDRUMCHOCCEI M.E.Acuña, Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1712 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CHOCCEI M.E.Acuña, Hágsater & E.Santiago, Phytotaxa 394(1): 98-104. 2019. Type: PERU: San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Distrito: Pardo Miguel Naranjos: Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo, Tepuí andino de arenisca sedimentaria en parches arbustivos, 3343 m, 6 de junio 2017, Margoth Elizabeth Acuña Tarazona, José Dilmer Edquen Oblitas & R. Espinal 2129. Holotype: USM! Isotype: AMO! (LCDP & Photo voucher)*. Terrestrial, sympodial, sub-caespitose, decumbent, flexuous herb, 45 cm tall. Roots 1 mm in diameter, fleshy, thin, basal, scarce. Stems 35-41 × 0.15-0.20 cm, cane-like, terete, scarcely branching above, branches 22-30 × 0.15-0.20 cm, the first 3-4 internodes covered by leafless sheaths 520 × 1.5-2.0 mm. Leaves 17-19 on primary stem, distributed throughout, erect, parallel to the stem, at flowering the upper half present; 13-15 leaves on the branches; sheath 20-21 × 0.15-0.20 mm, tubular, rugose; blade 27-40 × 3-6 mm, narrowly lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, margin finely crenulate, spreading when fresh, margin strongly revolute when dry. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 6-10 cm, apical, racemose to paniculate, arching-nutant, can produce new racemes even when the previous raceme is still in flower; peduncle 11 × 2 mm, short, thin but not thread-like, with a large flat bract near the middle, 11 × 2 mm. Floral bracts 5-8 × 3 mm, progressively shorter, triangular, acuminate, shorter than the ovary, embracing. Ovary 4-5 mm long, thick, forming a wide 45-90° arch with the column, not inflated, minutely pustulate. Flowers 19 per raceme, successive developing together with the rachis, 2-4 open at once, deep pink (fuchsia), the lip always turned towards the rachis, fleshy, disc of the lip white, column white at apex, green towards the base; without fragrance. Sepals partly open, 3-veined, dorsal surface slightly pustulate, the margin therefore slightly undulate; dorsal sepal 8.3 × 2 mm, narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate; lateral sepals 8.3 × 2.3 mm, semiovate-lanceolate, oblique, with the upper margin nearly straight, dorsally carinate towards the apex, the keel minutely serrate towards the apex. Petals 6-7 × 0.7 mm, partly spreading, slightly curved, linear-oblong, acute, 1-veined, dorsal surface slightly pustulate, margin slightly undulate. Lip 5.5 × 6.0 mm, united to the column, entire, widely ovate-acuminate, the sides rounded, base truncate, apex acuminate, it can be spread without tearing, longitudinally in-rolled in natural position, embracing the apex of the column covering it; ecallose, without keels, glabrous. Column 4 mm long, straight, thick, with a rounded wing at each side at the apex. Clinandrium reduced, entire. Anther ovoid, fleshy, 4celled. Pollinia 4, obovate, laterally compressed, the inner side of each pair flat, sub-equal; caudicles granulose, as long as the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Nectary without penetrating behind the perianth. Rostellum apical, slit. Capsule ellipsoid, perianth persistent; pedicle 2 mm long, body 12 × 8 mm, apical neck 2 mm. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Cusco: Marcapata, Community of Union Arasa, Cullebrayoc Trail, 3742-3776 m, 24 IV 2011, Wells 906, HOXA! Junín: comunidad campesina Marancocha. Zona de amortiguamiento del Bosque de Protección Pui Pui, 3280 m, 24 X 2014, Valenzuela 28763, HOXA! MO. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Distr. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, sector Abra Yanachaga, 3100 m, 21 IV 2011, Briceño 1315, HOXA! USM Ibid. cordillera Yanachaga, 3360 m, 26 IV 2007, Monteagudo 13883, HOXA! Lanturachi, sector Santa Barbara, 3383 m, 10 X 2003, Perea 652, HOXA! Sector de Grapanazú, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, La Colmena, Trocha Erica, 3517 m, 28 V 2012, Valenzuela 21326, HOXA! San Martín: Prov.: Rioja. Distrito: Pardo Miguel Naranjos; Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo: Andean tepui with sedimentary rock and shrub patches, 3297 m, 1 VII 2016, Acuña 1402, MOL! Andean tepui with sedimentary rock and shrub patches, 3214 m, 9 IV 2016, Acuña 1491, USM! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Presently is known from of the north-eastern Peru, as well as Oxapampa in central Peru, where it grows both in elfin forest and Andean tepui vegetation (Neill et al. 2014) from 2850 to 3776 m elevation. Several fertile and sterile individuals were observed in shrub patches growing as terrestrial and occasionally as epiphytes. Flowering throughout the year. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum choccei belongs to the Frutex Group recognized by the caepitose habit, usually simple stems, lanceolate leaves, lacking spathes, nutant racemes, widely cordiform to reniform lip and Leptanthum Subgroup which si caracterized by the thin stems, scarecely branched when mature, leaves short, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate oblong, nearly parallel to the stem, inflorescence arching-nutant, apical and lateral in mature stems, racemose to paniculate, few-flowered. The species is recognized by the narrowly lanceolate leaves flat, 27-40 × 3-6 mm, parallel to the stem, flowers fucsia-rose colored, disc of the lip white, sepals 8.3 x 2.0-2.3 mm, narrowly elliptic to semiovate-lanceolate, acuminate, lip 5.5 x 6.0 mm, widely ovate the base truncate, apex acuminate. Epidendrum podocarpense Hágsater & E.Santiago is vegetatively similar, but the leaves larger, flat, 35-55 x 6-8 mm, flowers fucsia, with the disc of the lip white, sepals 8.0-8.3 x 3.0-4.0 mm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, acute, lip 6 x 9 mm, widely cordiform, base cordate, apex rounded. Epidendrum leptanthum Hágsater is vegetatively similar, leaves are 26-80 x 4-7 mm, flowers greenish white, dorsally tinged reddish brown, sepals are oblong to ovate-oblong, acute, lip 6 x 7 mm, widely cordiform, base cordate and apex acute. Epidendrum effusipetalum Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago has leaves 32-45 x 6-8 mm, flowers greenish yellow, sepals tinged brown, sepals 8.5-10.5 x 4.8-5.0 mm, triangular-lanceolate to triangular ovate, obtuse to acute, lip 6.5 x 7 mm, ovate cordiform, apex rounded. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. *NOTES: In the original publication in Phytotaxa, under the plate, Figure 1, is cited as prepared from the “Holotype; Acuña 1448”, evidently a mistake, as the holotype is Acuña 2129. This paper cites additional specimens which had not been seen at time of the original publication and widens the range of distribution. The description, however, has not been modified to include other specimens. ETYMOLOGY: The name honors botanist Miguel Chocce Peña (1977-2017), for his contributions to the knowledge of the orchid flora of Peru. He described 12 new orchid species and co-authored several papers with the authors. Miguel, also participated in the creation of five private conservation areas in Amazonas, all with a high diversity of orchids. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., J. D. Edquén & E. Santiago, 2018, Epidendrum effusipetalum in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): pl. 1673. Hágsater, E., 2018, Epidendrum leptanthum in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): pl. 1677. Hágsater, E. & E. Santiago, 2018, Epidendrum podocarpense in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): pl. 1696. 12 Authors: M. E. Acuña, E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: J. D. Edquén & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: J. D. Edquén Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1712 EPIDENDRUM CITROSERPENS Hágsater, Cisneros & J.Duarte THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1713 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CITROSERPENS Hágsater, Cisneros et J.Duarte, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Dept. Meta: Mun. Guamal: Páramo de Sumapaz, Hoya El Nevado, Laguna La Guitarra y alrededores, al NW de la Laguna. Flores verde amarillas. 3400 m, 10 January 1973, Antoine M. Cleef 7587. Holotype: COL! Isotype: SEL! (illustration voucher) U! Similar to Epidendrum serpens Lindl. but 2-leaved (vs. 2-3-leaved), 2-3 flowered, flowers greenish yellow (vs. violet flowers), sepals 7.0 x 2.0-3.0 mm (vs. sepals 5.5 x 2.0 mm), and lip sub-orbicular, short apiculate (vs. sub-orbicular-ovate, acute lip). Epiphytic, erect, caespitose, sympodial herb, ca. 5 cm tall. Roots 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, fleshy, white. Stems 1.5-2.0 x 0.3-0.5 cm, thickened into an ovoid pseudobulb, short, covered by non-foliar sheaths 0.5-1.0 x 0.3-0.8 cm, somewhat striated when dry. Leaves 2.36.5 x 0.7-1.4 cm, 2 leaved at the apex of pseudobulb, oblanceolate, acute, fleshy, sub-coriaceous, green, margin erose, slightly revolute. Inflorescence apical, sessile, sub-umbellate, racemose with up to 2-3 flowers, much shorter than the leaf; peduncle reduced, 1.5 mm long, terete. Flowers 2-3, simultaneous, non-resupinate, greenish yellow; fragrance not registered. Floral bracts 0.7 x 0.4 mm, shorter than the ovary, ovate, acute, embracing. Ovary 1.6 cm long, terete, thin at the base, very thick along the apical half, smooth. Sepals 7.0 x 2.0-3.0 mm partly spreading, free, fleshy, acute, glabrous, 3-veined, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepal lanceolate; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate with a low dorsal keel at the apex. Petals 6.0 x 1.0 mm, spreading, free, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1-veined, margins erose. Lip 6.0 x 6.0 mm, united to the column, sub-orbicular, apex short-apiculate, concave in natural position, margin dentate especially towards the sides; ecallose, disc with a wide, thickened keel, thickened. Column 4.5-5.0 mm, very short, thick, slightly arcuate upwards at the apex, forming nearly a right angle with the ovary. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther sub-reniform. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary shallow, penetrating 1/2 the ovary, unornamented. Capsule 2.5-2.8 cm long; spheroid, pedicel 1.2 cm long, body 1.2 x 1.3 cm, apical neck 3.0 mm long. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Meta: Guamal: Páramo de Sumapaz, Hoya El Nevado, Laguna La Guitarra y alrededores, Morrena seca, 3450 m, 22 I 1972, Cleef 882, COL! U! Páramo de Sumapaz, Hoya El Nevado, Laguna La Guitarra y alrededores, 3450 m, 23 I 1973, Cleef 8251, COL! U! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the Páramo de Sumapaz, on the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes in northern Colombia, at 3400-3450 m altitude, epiphytic in high alpine dwarf forest with Escallonia and Eupatorium tinifolium Kunth, on trunk of Escallonia sp. Flowering in January. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum citroserpens belongs to the Kaloptenix group, Serpens Subgroup characterized by the aggregate, globose pseudobulbs with fleshy-coriaceous leaves, a sessile inflorescence, one or few fleshy, compact, star-shaped flowers, often burgundy red in color, and an entire lip, more or less cordiform. The new species is recognized by 2-leaves per pseudobulb, an inflorescence with 2-3 simultaneous flowers, greenish yellow, lateral sepals have a low dorsal keel at the apex, sub-orbicular lip, short-apiculate, concave in natural position, margin dentate, ecallose, disc with a thickened keel, and 3 thin veins. Epidendrum ornithidii Schltr. is pendent with new stems produced sub-apically from previous stem, 6 cm long with a short, decumbent rhizome, 1 leaf per pseudobulb, an apical, sessile inflorescence, densely few-flowered, flowers wine-red, with sepals partly spreading and lip reniform-orbiculate, margin crenulatedentate, disc 3-keel. Epidendrum pachycoleum Hágsater, O.Pérez & E.Santiago has erect plants, 1-2-leaved, aggregate, pseudobulbs, elliptic leaves, the apical one often much reduced, flowers produced in succession, sometimes 2 open at one time, sepals ovate, lateral sepals dorsally pustulate, petals narrowly oblong, lip with a wide, low, central, prominent mid-rib. Epidendrum serpens Lindl. also has erect plants, 2-3 leaves per pseudobulb, leaves ovate-lanceolate, violet flowers, linear-lanceolate petals, and the lip sub-rounded-ovate, margin minutely serrulate. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin citrus, lemon, in reference to yellow colored flowers of this species of the Serpens subgroup which is easily distinguished from other species normally having purple flowers, and serpens, snake, due to the long line of alternating, wavy pseudobulbs typical of older plants. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Date deficient. Known presently from two specimens from the Páramo de Sumapaz on the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes in northern Colombia. REFERENCES: Schlechter, R., 1921, Epidendrum ornithidii in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 78. Hágsater, E., O. Pérez & E. Santiago, 2013, Epidendrum pachycoleum in Hágsater, E. & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14. t. 1466. Lindley, J., 1844, in, Epidendrum serpens Lindl. in G. Bentham (ed.) Pl. Hartw. [Bentham], p.149. 14 Authors: E. Hágsater, A. Cisneros & J. Duarte Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1713 EPIDENDRUM COROSHAENSE Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1714 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM COROSHAENSE Hágsater, Edquén et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Amazonas: Prov. Bongará: Dist. Corosha, Comunidad Campesina de Beirut, 2015 m, 17 marzo 2019, José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas, Eric Hágsater (16079), Gerardo A. Salazar, Elizabeth Santiago Ayala & Antonio Goicochea 1677. Holotype: HURP! (LCDP* voucher). Similar to Epidendrum subreniforme C.Schweinf. but the leaves larger, 6.7-10 x 1.6-2.4 cm, (vs. leaves 2.2-4.6 x 1.0-1.5 cm), inflorescence 13 cm long, racemose to paniculate, densely many-flowered (vs. inflorescence 1.5 cm long, racemose, few-flowered), flowers reddish brown (vs. flowers greenish yellow), petals 16-18 x 3.0-4.5 mm, wider (vs. petals 18.5 x 3.5 mm, narrower), lip 17-19 x 27-28 mm, reniform deeply cordate, formed by a pair of rounded retrorse, divaricate, transversely obovate lobes (vs. lip reniform, 12 x 25.8 mm, slightly retuse). Epiphytic, sympodial, erect herb, 35-40 cm tall. Roots 4-6 mm in diameter, basal, from primary stem, simple, thick, white. Stems 18.5-22.5 x 0.4-1.0 cm, erect, simple, cane-like, thick, terete, the new stem arising from a middle internode of the previous stem; lower part covered by non-foliar sheaths 1.3-1.9 x 0.65-1.0 cm, brown, turning pale gray. Leaves 3-5, aggregate towards the apex of the stems, distichous, base embracing the stem, sub-coriaceous; sheaths 1.0-3.2 x 0.4-1.0 cm, tubular, minutely striated, greenish brown; blade 6.7-10 x 1.6-2.4 cm, elliptic, obtuse, green, concolor, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 13 cm long, apical, racemose to paniculate (sometimes producing a short branch from the base of the peduncle), arching-nutant, densely many-flowered; peduncle 1.0 cm long, terete, yellowish green; rachis 9 cm long, totally hidden by the flowers. Floral bracts 11 mm long, shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 6-25, simultaneous, resupinate, fleshy, reddish brown, the column green when young, turning reddish brown, anther yellowish green; fragrance absent. Ovary 22 mm long, terete, thin at the base, thickened towards the apex, not inflated, striated. Sepals 17-20 x 7.0-8.2 mm, spreading, free, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal, obovate-oblanceolate, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals broadly hemi-obovate, falcate, minutely apiculate, 5-veined, apex acute. Petals 16-18 x 3.0-4.5 mm, free, spreading, oblanceolate, obtuse, 3veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 17-19 x 27-28, united to the column, reniform, deeply cordate, formed by a pair of rounded retrorse, divaricate, transversely obovate lobes, lateral margins strongly revolute in natural position, apex emarginate, widely mucronate; disc concave in front of the column, provided with a pair of minute calli a base, semi-spherical, with a low, wide mid-rib, reaching the apical sinus. Column 12 mm long, forming a 90° angle with the ovary, base thin, sub-claviform, slightly arcuate upwards. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther obovoid, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles soft and granulose, about as long as the pollinia; viscidum semith th liquid, translucent. Lateral lobes of the stigma short, about 1/4 the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary penetrating about 1/8 of the pedicellate, ovary, not inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Amazonas: Prov. Bongará: Dist. Corosha: Comunidad Campesina de Beirut, 2015 m, 17 III 2019, Edquén 1662, HURP! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Amazonas: Prov. Bongará, Dist. Corosha: Comunidad Campesina de Beirut, 2015 m, 17 III 2019, Hágsater 16080, digital photos, AMO! (photo voucher). Prov. Chachapoyas: Distr. Molinopampa, Taulia, Comunidad Campesina de Ocol, 2475 m, 3 IV 2017, Salas s.n., digital photos and LCDP, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the Department of Amazonas, on the eastern slope of the Andes, epiphytic at 2015-2475 m altitude, on isolated trees in pastures in two sites 56 km distant, separated by a small mountain range, in the upper reaches of the Utcubamba river basin, a branch of the Marañón river. Flowering in March-April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum coroshaense belongs to the Incomptum group which is characterized by having erect successive lateral growths produced from the middle of the previous growth, few leaves aggregate towards the apex of the stems, a short apical inflorescence with fleshy green to violet-green flowers with short ovaries, and the lip entire to 3-lobed. The new species is recognized by the densely flowered inflorescence with reddish-brown flowers, petals 16-18 x 3.0-4.5 mm, oblanceolate, sepals 17-20 mm long, falcate, lip 17-19 x 27-28 mm, reniform with large, retrorse, divaricate, transversely obovate, rounded lobes. Epidendrum subreniforme C.Schweinf. from Huánuco has smaller leaves, 4.6 x 1.5 cm, greenish yellow flowers, petals 18.5 x 3.5 mm, linear-oblanceolate, sepals 21.5 x 9 mm, and a reniform lip 12 x 25.8 mm, sides somewhat indented, slightly retuse. Epidendrum subreniforme C.Schweinf. var ramosum C.Schweinf. from Cuzco has leaves to 6.5 x 1.9 cm, erect inflorescences, flowers are rose-purple and smaller, sepals 15 mm long, and lip 10 x 23 mm, semi-orbicular-reniform, ecallose. Epidendrum rousseffianae Collantes & Hágsater, from Cuzco, has similar green flowers, larger, sepals 19-20 mm long, lip 25 x 15 mm, and the plant habit is monopodial, branching above. *NOTE: Anther and pollinia taken from Marcos Salas LCDP. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the town and district of Corosha in the province of Bongará, on the eastern side of the province of Amazonas, bordering with the province of San Martín, Peru, along the Imaza River. The district is known for the yellow tailed woolly monkey and spectacled bear; the local inhabitants are involved as nature guides and dedicated to the conservation of its wildlife. Epidendrum francisci Chocce, Hágsater & M.E.Acuña was named after Don Pancho, Francisco Homero López, a case in point. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas wishes to thank the authorities of the Jefatura del Bosque de Protección Alto MayoSERNANP for granting the research permit entitled “Diversidad y distribución de orquídeas en bosque no intervenido, parches o fragmentos y paisajes agro intervenidos en el Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-2018” and the research authorization and collecting permit N°006-2018SERNANP-BPAM-JBPAM. REFERENCES: Chocce, M., E. Hágsater & M. Acuña, 2009, Epidendrum francisci in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: pl. 1244. Collantes, B, & E. Hágsater, 2013, Epidendrum rousseffianae in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: pl. 1482. Schweinfruth, C., 1943, Epidendrum subreniforme in Orchidaceae Peruvianae V, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11(4): 117, t. 9, figs 4-6. Schweinfruth, C., 1953, Epidendrum subreniforme var. ramosum in Miscellaneous Notes on Tropical American Orchids, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 16(1): 15. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater, J. D. Edquén & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1714 EPIDENDRUM CRYPTOPATERAS Hágsater & Courtinard THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1715 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CRYPTOPATERAS Hágsater et Courtinard, sp. nov. Type: MARTINIQUE: Le Gros-Morne, 300 m, col. 17 février 2017, herborisé 17 mai 2019, Guillaume Viscardi & Pierre Courtinard 816. Holotype: MTK! (LCDP and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum x obrienianum Rolfe but the sepals and petals smaller, 13 x 4 mm (vs. 15-16 x 4-6 mm), calli laminar, parallel, semielliptic, erect (vs. calli digitiform, prominent, erect, parallel), lateral apical lobes of column digitiform, short (vs. with a pair of elongate, digitiform side lobes). Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, ca. 100 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter, fleshy, flexuous, white, from the base of the stems. Stems 40-85 x 0,5 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, straight, the basal part covered by several non-foliar sheaths, chartaceous, grayish, imbricated, tubular. Leaves 13 or more, distributed along the apical 1/4 of the stem; sheaths 1.0-3.0 x 0.3-0.5 cm, tubular, thin, smooth to slightly striated, purple; blade 6.0-9.5 x 2.0 cm, oblong-elliptic, apex emarginate, coriaceous, green, margin entire. Inflorescence 35 cm long, apical from the mature stem, simple to pluri-racemose, erect, producing 1-3 new racemes from the upper nodes of the peduncle; peduncle 29 cm long, elongate, terete, straight, purple, covered by tubular bracts, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, acuminate. Floral bracts 2.0-3.0 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, chartaceous, acuminate, embracing. Ovary ca. 20 mm long, green, sometimes purple tinged, thin, terete, not inflated. Flowers successive, up to 8 open at a time with floral buds in various stages of development, non-resupinate, bright red, anther, apical lobes of the lip, calli and mid-rib of the lip yellow, anther yellow; fragrance none. Sepals 13 x 4.0 mm, spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, acute, 5-veined, margin entire, spreading, no dorsal keel; lateral sepals somewhat oblique. Petals 13 x 3.0 mm, spreading, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 5-veined, with the lateral veins branching. Lip 11 x 13 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, base somewhat cordate; bicallose, the calli laminar, parallel, semi-elliptic, erect, with a prominent mid-rib, laminar, progressively narrower towards the apex which reaches the middle of the isthmus; lateral lobes 5.0 x 5.0 mm, oblique, sub-quadrate, posterior margin entire, distal margins deeply laciniate; mid-lobe 7.0 x 9.0 mm, formed by a narrow, quadrate isthmus in the basal half, 4.5 x 4.0 mm, apical half bilobed, the lobes 4.0 x 4.0 mm, divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin dentate-laciniate, with a mucro in the apical sinus. Column 8.3 mm long, straight, apex somewhat concave when seen from the side, with a pair of elongate, digitiform side lobes, more or less curved upwards, similar to the calli of the lip but shorter. Clinandrium-hood short, margin bidentate. Anther 1.4 x 1.3 mm, ovoid, apex acute, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles, elongate; viscidium transparent. Rostellum apical, slit. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: MARTINIQUE: Le Gros-Morne, 300 m, Courtinard s.n., 5 XII 2013, flowered in cult. 23 II 2019, digital images, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from two recent collections from Martinique, thus apparently endemic and very rare. Terrestrial amidst dry leaves among ferns and Clidemia hirta (L.) D.Don (Melastomataceae) in a somewhat open wooded space. Flowering in December to September, probably longer in cultivation in Martinique. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum cryptopateras belongs to the Schistochilum Group, Calanthum Subgroup which is characterized by the caespitose habit, erect, simple, cane-like stems, a normally elongate peduncle of the inflorescence, an erect raceme of generally resupinate, showy, colorful flowers, and a lip adorned by two calli and a median narrow keel. The new species is recognized by the terrestrial habit, bright red non-resupinate flowers with the anther, apical lobes of the column, calli and mid-rib of the lip yellow, petals oblong-elliptic, obtuse, lip deeply 3-lobed, base somewhat cordate; lateral lobes sub-quadrate, mid-lobe formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half bilobed the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin dentate-laciniate, with a mucro in the apical sinus. At first sight it appears to be the XIX century hybrid Epidendrum × obrienianum Rolfe being the same color, and overall shape, but that hybrid has wider sepals and petals, the apex of the column has elongated digitiform lateral lobes, and the calli are wider, not digitiform. Epidendrum puniceoluteum F.Pinheiro & F.Barros, from the southern coast of Brazil, is also very similar, but has wider sepals and petals, shorter apical lobes of a thicker and wider column and wider, sub-quadrate calli, and a wider mid-rib. Epidendrum × elongatum Jacq. is the natural hybrid between the new species and Epidendrum secundum Jacq. and produces all the intermediate shapes and colors from pink with a large white callus to red with yellow calli and mid-rib. Epidendrum revertianum (Stehlé) Hágsater, also native to Martinique, has resupinate, white flowers with pale yellow calli and the lip orbicular in general outline, composed of four sub-equal lobes, the laterals more or less at a 45° angle. Epidendrum cyparisii Hágsater, Charly & Viscardi, also from Martinique, has resupinate flowers white, with apex of the column, anther, and disc of the lip purple tinged, calli and mid-rib white, petals elliptic-rhombic, obtuse, lip deeply 3-lobed, base deeply cordate; lateral lobes oblique, rhombic, mid-lobe formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half obliquely rhombic in outline, bilobed, the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate. CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered (CR A1e). This very rare species is threatened with extinction due to its being hybridized in nature and being so rare it has only been photographed and seen a couple of times in recent years. Known only from Martinique. Specimens in the wild have been recently viewed and have difficulty flowering. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek κρυπτω hide, and πατεσας, father, in reference to this rare species which is one of the parents of the common hybrid, Epidendrum x rubroticum together with Epidendrum secundum. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 2008, Epidendrum revertianum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1171. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum × elongatum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1719. Hágsater, E., L. Charly & G. Viscardi, 2019, Epidendrum cyparisii in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1717. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum × obrienianum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1745. Pinheiro, F., e F. de Barros, 2006, Epidendrum puniceoluteum, uma espécie de Orchidaceae do litoral brasileiro, Hoehnea 33(2): 247-250. Sastre, C., 1990. Epidendrum Bambusiformes de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (1e partie). Orchidophile (Asnières) 93: 149-158. Scott, W.H., 1888, Epidendrum × obrienianum n. hyb., Gard. Chron. 1: 770. 3 Authors: E. Hágsater & P. Courtinard Herbario AMO LCDP: P. Courtinard Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: P. Courtinard Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1715 EPIDENDRUM CUENCANUM Schltr. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1716 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CUENCANUM Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 70. 1921. Type: ECUADOR: Azuay: [Cuenca; Molleturo:] Huahuiducal, on W slopes of the Andes above Naranjal, 1500-2000 m, November 1887, Friedrich Carl Lehmann 6702. Holotype: B, destroyed. Lectotype, here designated: US! (illustration voucher). Isolectotypes: AMES! K! LE! Epiphytic or terrestrial, sympodial, scandent herb up to 100 cm long. Roots 1 mm in diameter, produced along the rhizomatous part of the stem, scarce, terete, thin, white. Stems 17-20 x 0.5-0.9 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from a lower internode of the previous stem, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered by sheaths 2-3 cm long, tubular, non-foliar, scarious and becoming fibrous with age. Leaves 4-5, distributed throughout the upper half of the stem, articulate, alternate, spreading, fleshycoriaceous; sheaths 1.6-3.5 x 0.5-0.9 cm, tubular, infundibuliform when dry, minutely striated; blade 4.5-9.0 x 1.5-4.3 cm, widely elliptic, apex unequally bilobed, margin entire, spreading. Spathe 1, 30 x 2.4 mm (when spread, obovate), tubular at base, conduplicate towards the obtuse apex, membranaceous, margin entire. Inflorescence 7 cm long (including flowers), apical, racemose, few-flowered, erect; peduncle 1.4 cm long, totally hidden within the spathe; rachis 10 mm long. Floral bracts 5-7 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acute, embracing. Flowers 2-5, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, fleshy, greenish white; fragrance not registered. Ovary 40 mm long, terete, thin at the base, slightly inflated ventrally along the apical half. Sepals 21.5 x 6.3 mm, lanceolate, acute, 7-veined, margin entire, slightly revolute; dorsal sepal spreading, to slightly reflexed, free; lateral sepals obliquely united to the base of the column, partly spreading, oblique, minutely apiculate. Petals 20 x 2 mm, free, spreading, linear, apex acute, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 13 x 12.5 mm, united to the column, entire, cordiform, base cordate, apex acute, margin sun-entire, slightly involute at the apex; bicallose, the calli small, laminar, divergent; disc without ribs. Column 11 mm long, terete, thin, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther obovate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, lentil-shaped, laterally compressed, caudicles soft and granular; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, the cavity itself occupying about 1/3 of the column. Nectary deep, penetrating half of the pedicellate ovary, slightly inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: Loja: km 37, carretera Malacatos-Gonzanamá, Purunuma, 2570 m, 21 XI 1995, Marino 4632, LOJA! El Oro: S and SE of Sambotambo, 1800 m, 28 VIII 1943, Steyermark 54191, AMES! F! OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: El Oro: Piñas, Portovelo, Zambrano 1286, digital image and LCDP, AMO! Piñas, Portovelo, Hort. Zambrano, 23 X 2018, Hágsater 16053, digital image (photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known only from southwestern Ecuador, epiphytic and terrestrial, growing at 1000-2570 m altitude. Flowering from August to November. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum cuencanum belongs to the Geminiflorum Group, characterized by single, sympodial, scandent, straggling habit, semi-ovate spathe, the erect stems with 3-10 coriaceous leaves, and few non-resupinate flowers, the lip with laminar calli, disc flat. The species is recognized by the widely 4-5 elliptic leaves 4.5-9.0 x 1.5-4.3 cm, inflorescence 7 cm long including the 3-5, greenish white flowers, sepals 21.5 x 6.3 cm, petals 20 x 2 mm, linear, and the lip 13 x 12.5 mm, cordiform and acute. Epidendrum azuayense Hágsater & E.Santiago has leaves 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, much narrower, oblong-elliptic, inflorescence 5.5 cm long, with 2 orange flowers, column green, sepals 13-18 x 5.0-6.0 mm; petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate and oblique, lip 8.0-9.0 x 11.0 mm, widely cordiform and obtuse. Epidendrum philocremnum Hágsater & Dodson has leaves 2.0-5.0 x 0.9-1.7 cm, ovate to narrowly elliptic, inflorescence 6-8 cm long, with 2 green, concolor flowers, the lip sometimes tinged purple-brown, sepals 12-15 x 3-5.4 mm, petals 12-14 x 2.3-2.5 mm, oblong, and the lip 3-lobed, mid-lobe triangular. Epidendrum megagastrium Lindl. has leaves 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.3 cm, elliptic, a 3-flowered inflorescence, sepals 20.5 x 7.6 mm, petals 18.5 x 4.7 mm, oblong-elliptic, and lip 11.4 x 10 mm, narrowly cordiform, obtuse. Epidendrum stevensonii Hágsater & Dodson has leaves 2-9 x 1.2-3.2 cm, narrowly elliptic, inflorescence 2.8-3.4 cm, flowers pale green, sepals 20 x 5 mm, petals 18 x 3 mm, linear-lanceolate, lip 15 x 12 mm, spade-like. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the city of Cuenca, capital of the Province of Azuay, near where the type was collected. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E. & C. H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum philocremnum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 470. Hágsater, E. & C. H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum stevensonii, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 488. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum azuayense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1706. Authors: E. Santiago & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1716 EPIDENDRUM CYPARISII Hágsater, Charly & Viscardi THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1717 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM CYPARISII Hágsater, Charly et Viscardi, sp. nov. Type: MARTINIQUE: St. Pierre: Montagne Pelée, 830-950 m, 23 mars 2019, Guillaume Viscardi & Louison Charly 797. Holotype: MTK! Isotypes: GUAD! P! (LCDP and photo voucher) Similar to Epidendrum revertianum (Stehlé) Hágsater, but the flowers white, apex of the column, anther and disc of the lip purple tinged, calli and mid-rib white (vs. white with yellow calli), lip base deeply cordate; lateral lobes oblique, rhombic, mid-lobe formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half obliquely rhombic in outline, bilobed, the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate (vs. lip overall orbicular in outline, base truncate, margin laciniate; lateral lobes transversely rectangular, oblique; mid-lobe flabellate, with a deep narrow sinus). Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, 57-92 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter, fleshy, flexuous, white, from the base of the stems. Stems 23-57 x 0.5-0.8 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, straight, the basal part covered by several non-foliar sheaths, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, tubular. Leaves 8 or more, distributed along the apical 1/4 of the stem; sheaths 1.0-3.0 x 0.3-0.5 cm, tubular, thin, smooth to slightly striated, purple; blade 6.0-9.5 x 1.5-3.0 cm, oblong-elliptic, apex emarginate, coriaceous, green, margin entire. Inflorescence 24-32 cm long, apical from the mature stem, simple to pluri-racemose, erect, producing 1-4 new racemes from the upper nodes of the peduncle; peduncle 17-20 cm long, elongate, terete, straight, purple, covered by 8 tubular bracts, chartaceous, grayish, imbricated, acuminate. Floral bracts 4-5 mm x 1-2 mm, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, chartaceous, acuminate, embracing. Ovary ca. 20 mm long, green, sometimes purple tinged, thin, terete, longitudinally sulcate, not inflated. Flowers successive, 5-12 open at a time with floral buds in various stages of development, resupinate, white, apex of the column, anther and disc of the lip purple tinged, calli and mid-rib white; fragrance none. Sepals 11-15 x 3.7-4.5 mm, spreading, elliptic, acute, 5-veined, margin entire, without dorsal keel; lateral sepals somewhat oblique. Petals 11-15 x 4.0-5.0 mm, spreading, elliptic-rhombic, obtuse, 5-veined, lateral veins branching. Lip 11 x 11 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, base deeply cordate; bicallose, the calli laminar, hemielliptic, slightly divergent, a prominent mid-rib, laminar, progressively narrower towards the apex which reaches the middle of the isthmus; lateral lobes 4.0 x 6.0 mm, oblique, rhombic, posterior margin entire, distal margins erose and laciniate; mid-lobe 6.0 x 6.0 mm, formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half obliquely rhombic in outline, bilobed, the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin erose, with a mucro in the apical sinus. Column 7 mm long, straight, apex somewhat concave when seen from the side. Clinandrium-hood short, margin erose. Anther 1.4 x 1.3 mm, ovoid, apex truncate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles, elongate; viscidium transparent. Rostellum apical, slit. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Presently known from a single locality on the slopes of the Montagne Pelée in Martinique, terrestrial in degraded volcanic sand with some humus, amongst low vegetation dominated by ferns, Lycopodium and Pitcairnia at 830-950 m altitude. Flowering in March-April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum cyparisii belongs to the Schistochilum Group, Calanthum Subgroup which is characterized by the caespitose habit, erect, simple, cane-like stems, normally elongate peduncle of the inflorescence, erect raceme of resupinate, showy, colorful flowers, with the lip adorned by two calli and a median, narrow keel. The new species is recognized by the terrestrial habit, resupinate flowers white, with apex of the column, anther and disc of the lip purple tinged, calli and mid-rib white, petals ellipticrhombic, obtuse, lip deeply 3-lobed, base deeply cordate; lateral lobes oblique, rhombic, mid-lobe formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half obliquely rhombic in outline, bilobed, the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate. Epidendrum revertianum is also terrestrial [reported rarely epiphytic], sub-erect with compact leaves and the white flowers, petals 3-veined; the lip orbicular in general outline, composed of four subequal lobes, the laterals more or less at a 45° angle. It closely resembles E. calanthum Rchb.f. & Warsz., a widespread species of continental South America with smaller flowers, usually purple tinged but often with pure -white albino forms. Epidendrum × elongatum Jacq. is the most widespread plant of this group in Martinique and is the natural hybrid between Epidendrum secundum Jacq. and Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard; it has non-resupinate flowers which vary from bright pink to deep red, the callus anywhere from a large white, pluri-tuberculate callus to two narrow, yellow calli with a yellow mid-rib on reddish or pink flowers, the lip is always 3-lobed, but the shape can be anywhere between the shape of the two parents. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Louis-Auguste Cyparis, (Ludger Sylbaris, 1874-1929) one of the two survivors of the commune of St. Pierre, destroyed by the eruption of Mt. Pelée on May 8, 1902, destroying the town of St. Pierre and its 30,000 inhabitants. He survived thanks to his being imprisoned in an underground cell due to a brawl the night before, which protected him from the enormous pyroclastic cloud though he suffered horrible burns in his back, hands, arms and legs (Morgan, 2003). CONSERVATION STATUS: EN. Endangered. The species is known from a very small population and is threatened by possible overcollection as well as hurricanes which have increased due to climate change and the eruption risk linked to the volcanic activity of the Montagne Pelée. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections were made under Arrête N°201710-006, issued on 18 October 2017 in favor of Guillaume Viscardi, at Fort -de France. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 2008, Epidendrum revertianum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1171. Hágsater, E., & P. Courtinard, 2019, Epidendrum cryptopateras in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1715. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum × elongatum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1719. Morgan, P., 2003, Fire Mountain: How One Man Survived the World's Worst Volcanic Disaster. 272 pp. Bloomsbury. 3 Authors: E. Hágsater, L. Charly & G. Viscardi Herbario AMO LCDP: L. Charly Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: L. Charly Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1717 EPIDENDRUM DEORSUS Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1718 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM DEORSUS Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa: Distr. Oxapampa: Subida al Bosque Sho'llet, km 9.900, 2253 m, 26 marzo 2019, Delsy M. Trujillo Chávez, Eric Hágsater, Gerardo A. Salazar, Elizabeth Santiago Ayala & Federico Rizo Patrón 632. Holotype: HOXA! (LCDP & photo voucher.) Isotype: USM! Similar to Epidendrum elatum C.Schweinf. but the leaves oblong-elliptic (vs. leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate), inflorescence 79 cm long (vs. inflorescence to 14 cm long), lip entire, cordiform, with a single, prominent mid-rib on the disc (vs. lip deeply 3-lobed, disc with 3 narrow ribs, lateral lobes of the lip dolabriform with radiating thickened veins). Terrestrial, erect, monopodial, branching herb, to 200 cm tall. Roots basal from the primary stem, fleshy, thick. Stems cane-like, branching sub-apically, terete, erect, straight; the primary stem 170 x 0.6-1.2 cm, branches 20-40 x 0.3-1.0 cm, base covered by sheaths 1.8-4.3 x 0.3-1.2 cm, tubular, non-foliar. Leaves numerous and larger on the primary stem, 8-10 on the branches, distributed throughout the stems, alternate, articulate, sub-coriaceous, green, concolor, spreading; sheaths 1.8-5.0 x 0.3-1.2 cm, tubular, minutely striated, rugose, tinged reddish brown; blade 2.6-13 x 2.0-3.0 cm; oblong-elliptic, obtuse, margin entire, spreading. Inflorescence 7-9 cm long, apical, racemose, slightly arching-nutant; peduncle 1.2-1.5 cm long, terete; rachis 6.0-7.5 cm long. Spathe lacking. Floral bracts 5-9 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 17-20, simultaneous, non-resupinate, spreading horizontally with the lip always facing downwards, fleshy, green, turning ochre-yellow with age. Ovary 40 mm long, terete, thin at base, gradually thickened towards the perianth, minutely striated and slightly arched along the apical half. Sepals 21 x 6 mm, oblanceolate, obtuse, with a low dorsal keel, thus mucronate, slightly convex, margin crenulate, spreading; dorsal sepal spreading, free; lateral sepals sub-parallel to the column, obliquely fused to the basal half of the column, oblique. Petals 19 x 3 mm, free, spreading to slightly reflexed, linear-oblanceolate, apex rounded, margin entire, spreading. Lip 10 x 10 mm, united to the column, entire, cordiform, base cordate, margin papillose, slightly involute at base; bicallose, the calli small, sub-globose, divergent; disc provided with a single midrib, wide, elongate and reaching the apical sinus. Column 14 mm long, straight, thin. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles soft and granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, ½ the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary penetrating ½ the pedicellate ovary, smooth, not inflated. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Pasco: Oxapampa: Distr. Huancabamba, Zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional YanachagaChemillen, 2250 m, Monteagudo14401, HOXA! Distr. Oxapampa, Zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional YanachagaChemillen, sector Chacos, 2220 m, Monteagudo 15031, HOXA! Ibid. 2471 m, Monteagudo 28919, HOXA! Distr. Chontabamba; La Suiza Nueva, 2100 m, 21 III 2008, Rojas 5428, HOXA! MO, USM. La Suiza Nueva, 2210 m, 6 V 2005, van der Werff 19783, HOXA! MO! carretera Oxapampa-Villa Rica, 2300 m, Vásquez 32333, HOXA! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the central wet forests of Peru, in the municipality of Oxapampa, at 21002471 m altitude, terrestrial on roadside banks with other orchids and in low montane forest and meadows with Xyris sp., Eriocaulaceae and Trichomanes lucens Sw. Flowering from September to May. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Though presently known from a couple of localities, the species probably has a wider range and is found in protected National Park of Yanachaga-Chemillen. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum deorsus belongs to the Andean Group, Vernixium Subgroup which is characterized by the monopodial, sub-apical branching habit, erect inflorescences, lax, non-resupinate flowers, and the lip entire to 3-lobed. The new species is recognized by the ovate-elliptic leaves, short inflorescence, the non-resupinate, horizontally spreading flowers on an ovary 40 mm long, the lip always facing downwards, sepals 21 mm long, and especially by the entire, cordiform lip 10 x 10 mm, with a single wide, thickened midrib that reaches the apex of the lip. Epidendrum elatum C.Schweinf. widespread from Bolivia to Colombia has ovate-oblong to ellipticlanceolate leaves, flowers non-resupinate but upright, but a lip deeply 3-lobed, disc with 3 narrow ribs, lateral lobes of the lip dolabriform with radiating thickened veins. Epidendrum citrochlorinum Hágsater & Dodson from Ecuador has shorter ovaries, 22 mm long, smaller flowers, sepals 14.5-15.5 mm long, an entire, reniform, cordate lip 8.8 x 14.5 mm. Epidendrum chaoticum Hágsater & E.Santiago has the ovary 30 mm long, successive flowers non-resupinate, erect, sepals 20 mm long, lip 12 x 10 mm, sub-quadrate, calli narrow, elongate, curved, surrounded by 6 short thickened radiating veins. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin deorsus, downward, below; in reference to the non-resupinate flowers with the lip always facing downwards, which are characteristic of this species. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections made under project “Relaciones entre las plantas y sus polinizadores con síndrome floral de perfumes” issued under the Resolución de Dirección General N° 096-2015-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2004, Epidendrum elatum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 725. Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 2009, Epidendrum citrochlorinum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: t. 1240. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2009, Epidendrum chaoticum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: t. 1219. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1718 EPIDENDRUM × ELONGATUM Jacq. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1719 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM × ELONGATUM Jacq., Collectanea 3: 260: CCCLXXXVIII. 1791, pro sp.; Icon. Pl. Rar. 3(10): 17, t. 604. 1792. Neotype*: here designated: “Epidendrum Rohrii”, Herbar Jacquin Fils. W! (illustration voucher). Hybrid parents: Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard × Epidendrum secundum Jacq. Synonyms: Epidendrum × rubroticum Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13(1-2): 216. 1993. Replaced synonym: Epidendrum calanthum Rchb.f. & Warsz. var. rubrum Stehlé, Fl. Descript. Antilles Franc. 1: 140. 1939. Lectotype designated by Sastre (1990): Martinique: Montagne Pelée, pentes volcaniques élevées, 1300 m, 13 Juillet 1936, Henri Stehlé 1005, NY! Isolectotype AMES 13763! Epidendrum elongatum Jacq. subsp. rubrum (Stehlé) Sastre, Orchidophile (Asnières) 93: 153. 1990. Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, ca. 100 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots fleshy, flexuous, white, from the base of the stems as well as from base of keikis. Stems simple, cane-like, terete, straight, the basal part covered by several non-foliar sheaths, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, tubular. Leaves ca. 22, distributed throughout the stem; sheaths tubular, thin, smooth to slightly striated, purple; blade 6.0-9.5 x 2.0-3.0 cm, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute to rounded, emarginate; coriaceous, green, margin entire. Inflorescence 35-50 cm long, apical from the mature stem, simple to pluri-racemose, erect, producing 1-3 new racemes from the upper nodes of the peduncle, after flowering producing keikis; peduncle 29-34 cm long, elongate, terete, straight, purple, covered by tubular bracts, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, acuminate. Floral bracts 2.0-3.0 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, chartaceous, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 16-20 mm long, green, sometimes purple tinged, thin, terete, not inflated. Flowers successive, up to 8 open at a time with floral buds in various stages of development, non-resupinate, lilac, becoming orange when pollinia are removed or flower fades, with yellow calli and mid-rib; fragrance none. Sepals 8.9-9.1 x 3.4 mm, spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, acute, 5-7-veined, margin entire, spreading, no dorsal keel; lateral sepals somewhat oblique. Petals 8.5 x 2.3-2.5 mm, spreading, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 3-veined with the lateral veins branching. Lip 7.4 x 8.7 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, base somewhat cordate; bicallose, the calli laminar, parallel, semielliptic, erect, with a prominent mid-rib, laminar, progressively narrower towards the apex reaching the middle of the isthmus; lateral lobes 2.5 x 3.6 mm, oblique, sub-quadrate, proximal margin entire, distal margins deeply laciniate; mid-lobe 3.4 x 3.1 mm, formed by a narrow, quadrate isthmus in the basal half, 1.2-1.4 x 1.9 mm, apical half bilobed, the lobes 2.5-2.7 x 2.5-2.7 mm, divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin dentate-laciniate, with a mucro in the apical sinus. Column 8.3 mm long, straight, apex somewhat concave when seen from the side, with a pair of elongate, digitiform side lobes, more or less curved upwards, similar to the calli of the lip but shorter. Clinandrium-hood short. Anther not seen. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum not seen. Nectary penetrating 1/3 of the pedicellate ovary, narrow, papillose. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: The following specimens could not be studied in detail as to their calli but are suspected to be the hybrid based on the frequency of the hybrid that dominates the populations. GRENADA: Fedon's Camp, 8 X 1945, Beard 1283, US! GUADELOUPE: savanes de Bouillante, 3 IV 1899, Père Duss 3991, NY! MARTINIQUE: W side of Mt. Pelée, N of St. Pierre, 19 VII 1939, Egler 39-115, NY! Montagne Pelée, 1100 m, 13 VIII 1936, Privault 184, P! L'Ajoupa-Bouillon et Morne Coco, I 1868, Hahn 94, AMES! K! G! (pro parte, plant on left) P! Saint-Pierre, XI 1867, Hahn 99, AMES! BM! G! Morne Rouge, vieux oranger sur Morne Balisier, 600 m, 17 VII 1986, Hágsater 8736, AMO! Matouba route de la Grande Découverte, 400-900 m, 1892, Père Duss 3360, NY! Along rim of crater, Mt. Pelée, 1220 m, 8 XII 1960, Proctor 21761, AMES! Coulée Rivière Blanche, SSW of Mt. Pelée, 175450 m, 11 XII 1960, Proctor 21793, AMES! Ibid. Proctor 21794, AMES! Montagne Pelée, Ostseite, Aufsteig von 1er Refuge, 850-900 m, 29 I 1970, Renz 10483, RENZ! Aufsteig um La Morne Rouge au Montagne Pelée, Morne Calebasse, 600-700 m, 29 I 1970, Renz 10487, RENZ! Gros Morne, 3 V 1934, Rodriguez 3621, AMES! P! L'Ajoupa-Bouillon, 300 m, Stehlé 2144, AMES! L'Ajoupa-Bouillon, 300 m, 7 IX 1937, Stehlé 2171, AMES! Hauteur de la Goyave, 350 m, 1 VI 1936, Stehlé 2894, NY! Bois de Monsé, hauteur de Balata, 700 m, 15 VII 1937, Stehlé 3552 P! SAINT VINCENT: Mountains above Chateaubelair River, 400-750 m, 23 IV 1947, Morton 5321, US! OTHER RECORDS: MARTINIQUE: Montagne Pelée, 2019, 1039 m, L. Charly s.n., digital image, AMO! (Photo voucher). Caldeira, deuxième cratère de Montage Pelée, Morne Macouba, 1243 m, L. Charly, digital images AMO! Montagne Pelée, P. Courtinard s.n., digital image, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Endemic to Martinique and Guadeloupe, epiphytic, frequently on citrus trees at 300-700 m altitude and terrestrial amongst mosses above that, as high as 1250 m. *NOTE: Regarding the typification, the illustration (1792: t. 604) is not mentioned in the protologue (1791: 260) and cannot be considered as an original material for a lectotypification. A specimen labelled as “Epidendrum rohrii, Herbar. Jacquin Fil.” was located at W and an illustration prepared and published herewith. Although the specimen agrees adequately with the description given in the protologue, the sheet lacks the date of collection. Therefore, we do not know for certainty whether the specimen is part of the protologue or not. Since the W specimen agrees with protologue and since its date of collection is uncertain, we herewith designate it as a neotype. Of course, there is a possibility that the W specimen might be proved to be an original material used by Jacquin for his description, and in that situation, our usage of the term neotype would be corrected to lectotype (see Shenzhen Code Art. 9.10). Though Jacquin (1791: 260) cites Caracas as the origin of his plant cultivated in his greenhouse (Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria) and the plate published (1792: t. 604) coincides with some specimens photographed by Charly, and here included. I have not seen anything like it from around Caracas. Thus, I conclude that the citation of Caracas is a greenhouse labelling mistake. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum × elongatum belongs to the Schistochilum group, which is characterized by the caespitose habit, erect, simple, cane-like stems, the normally elongate peduncle of the inflorescence, an erect raceme of resupinate or non-resupinate, showy, colorful flowers, and a lip adorned by two calli and a median narrow keel or a pluri-tuberculate complicated callus. This natural hybrid is the natural cross between Epidendrum secundum Jacq. and Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard, which has crossed back and forth so as to form a hybrid swarm with all the intermediate forms. The type is very close to Epidendrum cryptopateras, when compared to most other specimens, but has the non-resupinate lilac flowers of E. secundum and the calli are closer to E. cryptopateras. Most of the plants found today in Martinique correspond to this hybrid swarm, and the parents are very rare. As in all species of this group, the flowers when pollinated or fading, or just losing their pollinarium, changes color from lilac to reddish orange, thus the original illustration shows young lilac colored flowers which age and turn orange as can be seen in the photograph by Louison Charly here reproduced. The solitary flower illustrated is such a fading flower. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin elongatus, elongated, in reference to the very long peduncle of the inflorescence, common to most species of this group within Epidendrum. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & P. Courtinard, 2019, Epidendrum cryptopateras in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1715. Jacquin, N., 1760, Epidendrum secundum, in Enum. Syst. Pl. 29. Sastre, C., 1990, Epidendrum Bambusiformes de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (1ᵉ partie), Orchidophile (Asnières): 93: 149-158. 3 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: L. Charly Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1719 Icon. Pl. Rar. 3(10): 17, t. 604. 1792. EPIDENDRUM × ELONGATUM Jacq. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1719 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM FALSIGARAYI Hágsater & Karremans THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1720 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM FALSIGARAYI Hágsater et Karremans, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Imbabura: timberline vegetation on Hacienda Yura Cruz, 10 km N of Ibarra, 3700-3800 m, 0°22'N 78°05'W, 25 May 1973, Luritz Broder Holm Nielsen, Stig Jeppesen, Bernt Løjtnant & Benjamin Øllgaard 6477, Holotype AAU! Illustration of flower by Løjtant, published as Epidendrum garayi Løjtant (1977). Similar to Epidendrum garayi Løjtnant but the flower brick-red, petals and margin of lip wine-red (vs. greenish purple), sepals 12.0-12.3 x 6.0-6.3 mm, ovate (vs. sepals 10-12 x 3.0-4.0 mm, oblong-lanceolate, lateral sepals falcate), petals 8.6 x 4.4 mm, triangular-ovate, acute (vs. petals 10.511.5 x 2.5-3.0 mm, lanceolate, shortly acuminate, falcate), and lip widely cordiform (vs. lip cordiform). Epiphytic, sympodial, branching, pendulous herb, to ca. 40 cm long, with successive sub-apical growths, forming long chains of short stems, sometimes branching from a middle internode. Roots 1 mm in diameter, terete, thin, white, generally produced from the basal stems only. Stems to 50 x 2.5 mm, simple, cane-like, terete, thin, pendent, formed by 3-5 internodes, short, secund, facing the same direction, the internodes covered by infundibuliform, acute, non-foliar sheaths to 12 mm long. Leaves 3-4[-6], aggregate at the apex of the apical internode, sub-pendent, coriaceous, articulate, similar in size and shape; sheaths 2-3 mm long, tubular, minutely striated when dry; blade to 25-50 x 3-5 mm, linearlanceolate, acuminate, margin serrulate towards the apex, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, sessile, 1-flowered, flowering only once. Floral bracts 5 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, amplexicaul. Flowers 1, non-resupinate, facing downward, brick-red, the petals and margin of the lip, petals and margin of lip wine-red; fragrance not registered. Ovary 17 mm long, terete, thin, not inflated, longitudinally striated along the apical half just behind the perianth. Sepals free, partly spreading, ovate, acuminate, 5-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal 12.0 x 6.0 mm, the lateral sepals 12.3 x 6.3 mm, slightly oblique. Petals 8.6 x 4.4 mm, free, partly spreading, triangular-ovate, acute, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 7.3 x 9.6 mm, united to the column, entire, widely cordiform, base cordate, apex apiculate, concave, margin entire, spreading, the lip concave in natural position; ecallose; disc glabrous, with 3 parallel thickened ribs along the apical half of the lip, the mid-rib nearly reaching the apex. Column 5 mm long, forming a 120° angle with the ovary, thick, straight, apex with a pair of wide, rounded lateral wings. Anther spherical, 4-celled. Pollinia ovoid, red, caudicles soft and granulose, nearly as long as the pollinia. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma short, about half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary very short, barely penetrating the ovary, wide, unornamented. Capsule 30 x 13 mm, pedicel 7 mm long, thin, body 26 x 13 mm, ellipsoid, apical neck thick, very short. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Parque Nacional Puracé, Quebrada La Esperanza, 3300 m, 31 VIII 1972, Sánchez 368, CUVC! Nariño: San Juan de Pasto: 3 km E de la población de Dolores, 3000 m, 3 VIII 1991, Ramírez 1044, PSO! Southeast of Ipiales toward La Victoria, 3000-3200 m, 22 II 1978, Luer 2726, SEL! ECUADOR: Carchi: Motúfar: Parroquia González Suárez, Loma Bretaña, entre el río Minas y la quebrada Central, 3100 m, 18 VIII 2010, Cerón 68576, QAP! Huaca: Parroquia Mariscal Sucre. Estación Biológica Guandera, 3530 m, 16 IX 1999, Mites 199, QCNE! Carrera Julio Andrade La Bonita cerca de Cerro Mirador, 3400 m, 20 V 2003, Tobar 583, AMO! (digital images of live plant, AMO!) Sucumbios: El Mirador, Playón de San Francisco-Julio Andrade, km 12, 3200-3400 m, 11 VII 1991, Dodson 18779, QCNE! Road Tulcán-Carmelo-Santa Barbara, Hirtz 2447, 2650-3200 m, 6 IV 1985, MO x2! digital image, AMO! Road Tulcán-Carmelo-Santa Barbara, Hirtz 2467, 2650-3200 m, 6 IV 1985, MO! OTHER RECORDS: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Puracé: Sector Crucero, Resguardo Indígena Puracé, Pilimbamba (Puente Tierra), 28 III 2018, Hágsater 15641, digital image, sterile, AMO! ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Playón de San Francisco, XI 2017, A. Karremans s.n., R. Jenny, R. Lok & S. Vieira-Uribe (LCDP voucher). Pichincha: Quito: San Miguel de Nono, Reserva Ecologica Yanacocha, 3500m, 13 VIII 2018, Gelis s.n., (digital images, AMO!) Ecuador, Gary Yong, digital image, AMO! (Photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Common in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia, from Quito to Popayán, in subpáramo andean wet forest and cloud forest on Clusia flaviflora Engl., Weinmannia pinnata L. and páramo on short trees and on frailejones, Espeletia sp. Flowering May to November. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum falsigarayi belongs to the Kalopternix Group, Garayi Subroup which is recognized by pendent chain of stems, arising each from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem, each with 1-3 linear-lanceolate leaves [in the primary stem there are up to 6 leaves in a fan], inflorescence apical, flowering only once, 1-2 flowered, the flowers non-resupinate, green to red or yellow, the lip cordiform. The species is recognized by the 3-6 leaved stem segments, leaves 2.5-5.0 x 0.3-0.5 mm long, 1 brick-red flower, ovate, acuminate sepals 12.0-12.3 mm long, triangular ovate, acute petals, 8.6 x 4.4 mm, and a widely cordiform, apiculate lip 7.3 x 9.6 mm. Epidendrum wolfii Hágsater & E.Santiago has short, bifoliate, cane-like stems, 2, linear-lanceolate leaves 1.1-2.7 cm long, sessile, two-flowered inflorescences, successive and opposite, pink, immaculate flowers, the lip is widely cordiform with the apex obtuse, the disc with a single evident, low, wide rib running down the middle. Epidendrum carmelense Hágsater & Dodson forms pseudobulbs at the end of the unifoliate stems, leaves are 3.5-8.5 cm long, with 1-2 greenish to ochre flowers with red dots, the lip is reniform without any ribs. Epidendrum garayi Løjtnant has 2-4-leaved stems, the leaves linear-lanceolate, up to 5 cm long, flowers purplish green, the lip cordiform with the apex acuminate, the disc has 3 thickened veins running nearly the entire length of the lip. Epidendrum palalabrum Hágsater has acuminate, non-foliar, a single leaf 5.0-8.7 x 0.6-0.8 cm, sepals 13-14 x 3.7-4.0 mm, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-veined, petals 11.7 x 2.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate and lip 11 x 7.4 mm, shovel-shaped, base truncate, basal half quadrate, apical half triangular, apex acuminate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. The species seems to be relatively common and widespread in the areas where it has been collected, and where not many orchids thrive. It is found in protected areas. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin falsus, false, and Garay in honor of Leslie A. Garay, in reference to this species having been incorrectly illustrated by Løjtnant (1977) as Epidendrum garayi and thus is the false-garayi. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum carmelense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 120. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum garayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1722. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum palalabrum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1747. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2013, Epidendrum wolfii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1496. Løjtnant, B., 1977, Notes on the genus Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) in Ecuador, Bot. Not. 130: 321-328. Authors: E. Hágsater & A. Karremans Herbario AMO LCDP: A. Karremans Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: G. Yong Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1720 EPIDENDRUM FRUTICETORUM Schltr. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1721 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM FRUTICETORUM Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 8: 72. 1921. TYPE: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: [Pichincha:] Pifi [Pifo], 2600 m, B, destroyed. Lectotype (designated by Dodson & Hágsater, 1999): Aloysius Mille S.J. 42, QPLS! Terrestrial or epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, 16.6-30 cm tall. Roots 2-3 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thick. Stems 10-15 x 0.2-0.4 cm, approximate, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed towards the apex, straight. Leaves 4-6, alternate, articulate, sub-coriaceous, smooth, base conduplicate; sheathes 2.5-4.0 x 0.6-1.0 cm, tubular, laterally compressed; blade 2.4-8.9 x 1.5-2.8 cm, divaricate, ligulate-elliptic, somewhat obtuse to acute, margin entire, spreading. Spathes 2-3, 4.5-10.4 x 0.4-0.9 cm, conduplicate, acute, imbricated, covering most of the peduncle. Inflorescence 12.9-19.6 cm long, apical, from mature growth, racemose, recurvate, peduncle 3-8 cm, terete, producing new racemes from the peduncle with time; rachis 6-11.4 cm long, with alternate bracts, triangular, tubular below, conduplicate, acute. Floral bracts 7-20 x 1-3 mm, larger at the base of the rachis, progressively shorter, lanceolate, sub-deltoid, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 7-11, resupinate, green somewhat flushed with ochre, lip brown, calli reddish, fleshy; fragrance not registered. Ovary 7-20 mm, unornamented, terete, somewhat inflated towards the apex. Sepals free, partly spreading, margin entire, spreading, 3-5-veined; dorsal sepal 13-15 x 2-4 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-veined, veins carinate; lateral sepals 12-14 x 3-4 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals 12-14 x 2 mm, free, partly spreading, oblanceolate, margin dentate towards the apex, spreading, apex rounded to sub-acute, 1-veined. Lip 7.5-8 x 6.5-8 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, base semi-cordate, margin entire; bicallose, calli prominent, fleshy, divergent, with 3 low, fleshy mid-ribs running to the apical sinus of the lip; lateral lobes 2-3 x 3-4 mm, obliquely sub-triangular, the basal margin semi-orbicular, apex acute; mid-lobe 4-5 x 3-4 mm, sub-rectangular, sub-acuminate. Column 8-9 mm, sub-erect. Clinandrium-hood short, surpassing the body of the column, margin sub-undulate. Anther obovate, 4-celled, unornamented. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Nariño: San Juan de Pasto, South slope of Volcán Doña Juana, cordillera Oriental, 3000 m, 16 XII 1944, Ewan 16620, US! (illustration voucher). ECUADOR: Without locality, Sodiro s.n., QPLS x3! Azuay: Girón, La Asunción, 3-5 km N of Chumblín (E of San Fernando), along trail to Cristal, 2900 m, 14 XI 1988, Harling 25874, QCA! Imbabura: Arriba de Apuela, al Oeste de Otavalo, en bosque de neblina, epífita, 2500 m, 14 X 1999, Luer, AMO! SEL! OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: Pichincha: Cantón Quito, camino desde Otavalo hacia San José de Minas pasando el Puerto, Tobar s.n., digital image, AMO (photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: The species ranges from Ecuador and Colombia, at 2600-3150 m altitude. Flowering between November and July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum fruticetorum belongs to the Philippii group characterized by the sympodial, caespitose habit, apical, erect, racemose to paniculate inflorescence, with a somewhat elongate peduncle, covered by several spathe-like bracts, successive non-resupinate flowers, the 3lobed lip formed by 4 semi-orbicular lobes, as the mid-lobe is itself more or less bilobed at the apex, the outer margins of the lip more or less denticulate. The species is recognized by the stems covered by striated sheaths, becoming fibrous with time, with 4-6 leaves distributed throughout the stem, conduplicate and ligulate, elliptic, acute, inflorescence recurvate, long, peduncle short, from which new racemes are produced, with 2-3, long spathes, covering the whole peduncle, imbricated, with bracts progressively shorter, flowers medium sized, sepals 12 -16 mm long, petals linear-oblanceolate, lip 3-lobed, bicallose, with 3 ribs running nearly the entire length, lateral lobes smaller than the mid-lobe, obliquely subtriangular, the basal margin semi-orbicular, apex acute, margin entire, mid-lobe rectangular, about twice as long as broad, apex triangular and apiculate. Epidendrum trulliforme Garay & Dunsterv. has relatively tall plants, 25-60 cm tall, leaves distributed along the apical 1/3-1/2 of the stem, inflorescence arching, with a single spathe covering the whole peduncle, floral segments spreading , lip 3-lobed, base sub-cuneate, lateral lobes short and rounded, revolute, mid-lobe with two ribs reaching the middle of the disc. Epidendrum freireanum Hágsater & E.Santiago has 3-4 leaves distributed along the apical half of the stem, a single spathe ca. 5 cm long, ancipitose, not covering the whole peduncle, floral bracts much shorter, not covering the ovary which is short and thick, petals linear-oblanceolate, lip 3-lobed, margins erose, mid-lobe emarginate and appearing twolobed with a wide, low mid-rib. Epidendrum odontospathum Rchb.f. has wide, laterally compressed stem, wide, apically bilobed leaves, the inflorescence with several large, conduplicate bracts, spaced on an ancipitose peduncle, with branches produced from each bract and flowers green, orange-yellow to brown. Epidendrum trilobochilum Hágsater & Dodson has a longer ovary (13-35 mm), sepals elliptic, lateral sepals slightly connate at the base of the column, petals narrowly oblanceolate with apex obtuse, the a 3-lobate lip with a cordate base, wider than longer (9 x 16 mm), lateral lobes sub-orbicular, obtuse, with the apical margin somewhat straight. NOTES: This species was wrongly identified by Bennett & Christenson (1995) as E. odontospathum, and this error led Hagsater and Dodson to often label other specimens under E. fruticetorum. Eric F. Rodríguez et al. (2014), cited a specimen Calla et al. 02, at HUT, identified by the first author as an addition to the flora of Peru, under E. fruticetorum, but this identification is wrong for the reasons mentioned before, and corresponds to Epidendrum freireanum Hágsater & E.Santiago; it was not cited in the original publication. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Widespread, and found at higher altitudes, in some cases in National Parks. ETYMOLOGY: from the Latin fruticetum, a place full of bushes; in reference to the vegetation where the type was found growing among bushes. REFERENCES: Bennett Jr., D. E., & E. A. Christenson, 1995, Epidendrum odontospathum, Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum 247. Garay, L. A., & G. C. K. Dunsterville, 1976, Epidendrum trulliforme in Venez. Orchid. Ill. 6: 148. Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum trilobochilum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 494. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2018, Epidendrum freireanum, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1619. Rodríguez R., E. F., E. Alvítez I., L. Pollack V., M. Morillo H., K. Monzón L., C. Ramírez O., K. Burgos I. y B. L. Alaya, 2014, Nuevas adiciones para la flora orquideológica de la región La Libertad, Perú, Sagasteguiana 2(2): 165-180. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2018, Epidendrum odontospathum, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1648. Authors: A. Cisneros & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: D. F. Tobar S. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1721 EPIDENDRUM GARAYI Løjtnant THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1722 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM GARAYI Løjtnant, Bot. Not. 130: 325. 1977. Replaced synonym: Pleuranthium cardiochilum Garay, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12: 181. 1953. Type: ECUADOR: [Chimborazo:] Ost Kordillere von Riobamba, ca. 3000 m, August Rimbach 801. Holotype S! (photo voucher) Isotype: AMES! (illustration voucher). Epiphytic, sympodial, pendulous, branching herb to 60 cm long. Roots 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, from the basal stems only, flexuous, glabrous. Stems 30-57 x 2.5 mm, formed by up to 5 nodes, the lower nodes totally covered by imbricating sheaths 8-18 mm long, grey, laxly infundibuliform, obliquely acute, dorsally carinate. Leaves 2-4 per stem from the apical internode, 17-50 x 2-4 mm, one from the apex, the others from imbricating foliar sheaths, pendent, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dorsally carinate-cuspidate, coriaceous. Inflorescence apparently 1-flowered, sessile, from the apex of the stem. Floral bract 7 mm long, ovate-triangular, shorter than the ovary. Ovary 17.5-18.0 mm long, terete, thin, not inflated, striated along the apical half. Flower pendent, facing downwards, dirty purplegreen according to collector; fragrance not registered. Sepals spreading, free, acuminate; dorsal sepal 11.0-12.5 x 3-4 mm, oblonglanceolate, aristate, 3-veined, lateral sepals 12 x 3.8 mm, lanceolate, falcate, aristate, 3-veined, mid-vein carinate. Petals 10.5-11.5 x 2.5-3.0 mm, shorter than the sepals, falcate-lanceolate, 3-veined, slightly oblique, shortly acuminate. Lip 8.3-9.5 x 7.0-7.5 mm, united to the column, cordiform, dilated, apex acuminate, aristate; disc with 3 veins, carinate throughout its length, ecallose. Column 4-5 mm long, terete, straight, forming a 90° angle with the ovary. Rostellum not seen. Anther not seen, Pollinia not seen. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin crenate. Capsule 35 x 15 mm, ellipsoid, pedicel 10 mm long, body 23 x 15 mm, apical neck 2 mm long. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known only from the type, from the upper reaches of the Andes, east of Riobamba, epiphytic in Andean montane forest. Flowering in July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum garayi belongs to the Kalopternix Group, Garayi Subgroup which is recognized by pendent chain of stems, arising each from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem, each with 1-3 linear-lanceolate leaves [in the primary stem there are up to 6 leaves in a fan], inflorescence apical, flowering only once, 1-2 flowered, the flowers non-resupinate, greenish to red or yellow, de lip cordiform, ecallose. The species is recognized by having 2-4-leaved stems, the leaves linear-lanceolate, 1.7-5.0 x 0.2-0.4 cm, flowers dirty purplish green, sepals 10-12 x 3.0-4.0 mm, oblong-lanceolate, aristate, petals 10.5-11.5 x 2.5-3.0 mm, falcate-lanceolate, acuminate, and lip cordiform with the apex acuminate. Epidendrum falsigarayi Hágsater & Karremans has 3-6 leaves per stem, leaves 2.55.0 x 0.3-0.5 cm, 1 brick-red flower, sepals 12.0-12.3 x 6.0-6.3 mm, ovate, acuminate, petals, 8.6 x 4.4 mm, triangular ovate, acute, and lip 7.3 x 9.6 mm, widely cordiform, apiculate. Epidendrum wolfii Hágsater & E.Santiago has short, bifoliate, cane-like stems, bearing 2, linear-lanceolate leaves 1.1-2.7 cm long, a sessile, two-flowered inflorescence, successive and opposite, pink, immaculate flowers, the lip widely cordiform with the apex obtuse, the disc with a single evident, low, wide rib running down the middle. Epidendrum carmelense Hágsater & Dodson forms unifoliate pseudobulbs at the end of the stems, the leaves are 3.5-8.5 cm long, with 1-2 greenish to ochre flowers with minute reddish dots, the lip is reniform, apically rounded, without any ribs. Epidendrum palalabrum Hágsater has acuminate, non-foliar bracts, a single leaf 5.0-8.7 x 0.6-0.8 cm, sepals 13-14 x 3.7-4.0 mm, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-veined, petals 11.7 x 2.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate, and lip 9.1 x 7.4 mm, shovel-shaped, base truncate, basal half quadrate, apical half triangular, apex acuminate. NOTE: This species has been misunderstood since Løjtant (1977) published a note and illustrated it with a different species, which is now published in this volume under the name Epidendrum falsigarayi Hágsater & Karremans, and which is well known from Quito to Popayan in southern Colombia. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Leslie Andrew Garay (1924-2016), an American botanist, born in Hungary, from where he emigrated to Canada after World War II, and then to the United States. He succeeded Charles Schweinfurth as the curator of the Oakes Ames Herbarium of Harvard University in 1958; he retired in 1986. He described many orchid species from the neotropics, including this one. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient, known only from the type. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum carmelense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 120. Hágsater, E., & A. Karremans, 2019, Epidendrum falsigarayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1720. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2013, Epidendrum wolfii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1496. Løjtant, B., 1977, Notes on the genus Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) in Ecuador, Bot. Not. 130: 321-328. Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jimenéz M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: Holotype S Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1722 EPIDENDRUM GELISII Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1723 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM GELISII Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Pichincha: San Miguel de los Bancos; cerca de Mindo, Río Nambilla, 1300 m, 24 octubre 2018, prensado 4 diciembre 2018, Eric Hágsater, Elizabeth Santiago & Rudy Gelis 16069, Holotype: QCNE! (LCDP & photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum scharfii Hágsater & Dodson but plant smaller, single flowers produced in succession (vs. 3-4 simultaneous flowers), very pale green, nearly white (vs. pale green but never white), smaller flowers, sepals 8.8-10 mm long, 3-veined (vs. sepals 12-14 mm long, 5-veined), lip transversely elliptic, convex, (vs. reniform, base cordate), clinandrium hood somewhat incumbent, margin minutely dentate (vs. clinandrium prominent, erose-dentate). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, 6 cm tall including the flower. Roots 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thin. Stem 2.5 x 0.40.8 cm, simple, cane-like, terete. Leaves 2-4, equally distributed throughout the stem; sheath 0.2-0.8 cm long, tubular, smooth; blade 1.7-3.2 x 0.6-0.8 cm, oblong-elliptic, apex narrowly bilobed to retuse, sub-coriaceous, margin entire, spreading. Inflorescence apical from the mature stem, sessile, producing single flowers in succession. Flowers few in succession, one at a time, resupinate, very pale green, nearly white, column somewhat darker; fragrance not registered. Floral bracts ca. 2.0 x 2.0 mm, much shorter than the ovary, semi-ovate, apex obtuse, apiculate. Ovary 15 x 2.0 mm, terete. Sepals glabrous, free, narrowly elliptic, acute, 3-veined, margins entire, slightly revolute; dorsal sepal 8.8 x 2.9 mm, spreading; lateral sepals 10.0 x 3.8 mm, oblique, spreading with a low dorsal apical keel. Petals 8.5 x 2.0 mm, partly spreading, narrowly oblanceolate-elliptic, acute, margin entire, 1-veined. Lip 4.6 x 9.0 mm, united to the column, entire, convex, transversely elliptic, base truncate, apex slightly emarginate, lateral margins entire; bicallose, the calli small, subglobose, disc provided with 3 parallel, very low, wide ribs, reaching the emarginate apex. Column 6.4 mm long, slightly arched, short, apically truncate. Clinandrium-hood prominent, surpassing the apex of the body of the column, emarginate, somewhat involute at the apex, covering part of the anther, margin minutely dentate. Anther 4-celled, sub-spherical. Pollinia 4, sub-equal, semi-obovoid: caudicles soft and granulose, longer than the pollinia; viscidium viscous, translucent. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, ½ as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary apparently penetrating about ½ of the ovary, not inflated. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Know presently from a single site in northern Ecuador, on Psidium guajava L. The species may have been overlooked as a young seedling by collectors, the locality had been visited by the first author with Calaway Dodson in 1986. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum gelisii belongs to the Difforme group which is characterized by the caespitose, sympodial plants, fleshy light green to glaucous leaves, apical inflorescence without any spathe, sessile, rarely with a short peduncle, one-flowered to corymbose, fleshy, and flowers green to yellowish-green, rarely white. The new species is recognized by the single, successive, small flowers, sepals 8.8-10.0 mm long, petals 1-veined, lip transversely elliptic, emarginate, somewhat thickened by 3 central low, wide, parallel ribs, clinandrium hood thin, incumbent, its margin minutely dentate, ovary without forming a vesicle behind the perianth. Epidendrum scharfii has 3-4 simultaneous flowers, pale green, never white, sepals 12-14 mm long, petals 3-veined, lip reniform, base cordate, clinandrium-hood prominent, margin erose-dentate. The Amazonian E. angustatum (T.Hashim.) Dodson has 3-4 simultaneous flowers, pale green, fragrant, sepals 10-14.5 mm long, 5-veined, petals 3-veined, lip transversely reniform, base cordate, without ribs, clinandrium-hood prominent, margin dentate. NOTE: The species appears to be a twig epiphyte, flowering very young, from a single stem. No larger plants were seen in the vicinity. Epidendrum scharfii has also been collected in the same locality. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETIMOLOGY: In honor of Rudy Gelis was born in Florida in 1972. He earned a degree in biology at Berea College, Kentucky then traveled to Latin America for a year when awarded a Watson Fellowship in 1997. The past 20 years he has been in Ecuador, studying birds, guiding birders and naturalists. His latest project: documenting orchid diversity in Ecuador using macro photography, reaching out to orchid specialists for their specialized knowledge, and sharing this documentation via iNaturalist and Facebook. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections by Hágsater made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 2016-0045, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum scharfii in Hágsater, E. & G. A. Salazar, (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 185. Sánchez, L., & Hágsater, E. 2015, Epidendrum angustatum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 11, Icon. Orchid. 15(1): t. 1502. Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Gelis & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Gelis Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1723 EPIDENDRUM GEMINIFLORUM Kunth THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1724 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM GEMINIFLORUM Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 354, 1816. Type: COLOMBIA: [Nariño: Mun. La Cruz de Mayo:] Crescit in montosis, opacatis Provinciae Popayanensis, inter flumen Mayo et pagum La Cruz, alt. 1040 hex., Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland & Alexander von Humboldt 2103 Holotype: P 00669671! Epiphytic, sympodial, scandent herb 20-50 cm tall. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter; basal, produced from the base of each new stem, fleshy, thick, white. Stems 15-22 x 0.4-0.6 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from a middle internode of the previous stem, base terete, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered by sheaths 0.8-1.7 cm long, non-foliar, tubular, obtuse, scarious when dry. Leaves 2-4, aggregate towards the apex of the stems, alternate, articulate, coriaceous but flexible; sheath 0.6-2.0 x 0.4-0.6 cm, tubular, somewhat infundibuliform towards the apex when dry, minutely striated; blade 2.7-9.0 x 1.2-2.6 cm, oblong, obtuse, slightly bilobed, margin entire, spreading. Spathe 2.3-4.0 cm long, 1[2], narrowly obovate-oblong, obtuse, conduplicate, pale green when young, brown as it ages. Inflorescence 4.5-8.0 cm long (including the flowers), apical, erect, 2-flowered (rarely 3-flowered); peduncle 1.5-2.4 cm long, totally hidden within the spathe, rachis very short, terete, thin. Floral bracts 3-4 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acute, embracing. Ovary 25-40 mm long, terete, thin, slightly curved, not inflated, furrowed. Flowers 2[3], simultaneous, non-resupinate, green to greenish yellow, occasionally turning ochre yellow when mature; without fragrance. Sepals 14-18 [21] x 3.5-4.5 mm, glabrous, oblong, margin revolute in natural position, oblong-elliptic when spread, apex acute, minutely apiculate, 7-veined, margin entire; dorsal sepals free, spreading, lateral sepals obliquely united to the base of column, partly spreading. Petals 14.4-16.0[19] x 2.7-3.3 mm, free, spreading, narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-veined, the lateral veins branching, margin entire, spreading. Lip 10-13 [16] x 8-12 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, base sub-cordate, canaliculate down the center in natural position, the margins then spreading, especially the lateral lobes, margin entire, spreading; bicallose, the calli laminar, thin, short, parallel; disc without ribs; lateral lobes 3.3-4.0 x 3.3-4.0 mm, sub-orbicular to hemi-elliptic, generally smaller than the mid-lobe; mid-lobe 5.0-5.3 x 5.0-6.0 mm, triangular to widely triangular, sub-acute. Column 5-7 mm long, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther spherical, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, lentil-shaped, similar in size and shape; caudicles soft and granulose, as long as the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent, half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary penetrating half the pedicellate ovary, not inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Without locality data, pressed cult. 10 X 1997, Colomborquídeas sub Hágsater 11554, AMO! CUVC! VALLE! Ibid. Escobar 5102, AMO! (slide and spirit) Without locality data, Moritz 1075, W 4356! Antioquia: Jardín, Reserva “El Centello”, 2420-2540 m, 16 I 2014, Buitrago 263, JAUM! Abejorral, 2457 m, 14 XI 2013, Castro 158, JBB! Parque Nacional Natural “Las Orquídeas” 1250 m, 30 V 1988, Cogollo 3095, JAUM! El Retiro, pressed cult. 21 II 2000, Colomborquídeas sub Hágsater 11642, AMO! Ibid. pressed cult. 21 VII 2000, Colomborquídeas sub Hágsater 11642, AMO x2! Road Vereda to La Meseta, 2100 m, 16 IX 1984, Dodson 15313, MO! Envigado: Vda. Arenales, sector La Cascada, 1900 m, 7 IX 2013, Domínguez 223, JAUM! Cerro de Frontino, 1800 m, 23 X 1884, Lehmann 4145, G x2! Quebrada Los Naranjos, 23 X 1996, Giraldo 1163, JAUM! Reserva Natural Mesenia-Paramillo, 2690 m, 21 IX 2012, Vélez 32, MEDEL! Ibid. Vélez 56, MEDEL! Vda. Yarumalito, quebrada Los Vallados 1 VI 1996, Saldarriaga 159, JAUM! Ibid. Saldarriaga 179, JAUM! At departamental border, km 15 of road Salgar-El Dauro (Chocó), 2280 m, 29 IX 1987, Zarucchi 5930, MO! SEL! Boyacá: Mun. Duitama, corregimiento El Carmen vereda Santa Elena, 2480 m, 10 XI 1993, Betancur 4257, COL! Cañon del Río Pómeca, km 23, Barbabosa-Tunja, entre Moniquirá y Arcabuca, 2400 m, 17 III 1996, Hágsater 11496, AMO! (spirit) Ibid. pressed cult. 3 IX 1997, Hágsater 11497, AMO! VALLE! Cauca: Popayán, 17 IV 1876, Andreé 2792, K! Popayán, Hartweg 1427, G! K x2! Cundinamarca: W of Facatativá, 2500 m, 10 IX 1961, Garay 186, COL! Alban, 2100 m, 26 IX 1947, Haught 6209, US! entre Sibaté y Fusagusagá, 2350-2480 m, 1 V 1963, Huertas 5627, COL! between Bogotá & Fusagusagá, 2800 m, 22 IV 1982, Luer 7514, SEL! Mun. Madrid, autopista Bogotá-Medellín, 2650 m, 23 XI 1961, Murillo 521, COL! Laguna de Catarnica, Santandercito, ca. 2050 m, 30 III 1968, Ortiz Valdivieso 66, HPUJ! (slide of watercolor, AMO!) Río Bogotá, arriba del Salto, El Charquito, 30 IX 1956, Ospina-Hernández 3, AMES! COL! Honda, Los Alpes, 2300 m, XII 1939, Renz 3152, RENZ x2! near Bogotá, 10 VII 1915, Tracey 33, K! Sur de Santandercito, ca. 2000 m, 4 XI 1956, Uribe 2818, AMES! COL! Sur de Santandercito, cerca de la Laguna de Catarnica, 1900 m, 13 IX 1958, Uribe 3201, COL! Mun. Mesitas, abajo de Salto de Tequendama, 2100 m, 31 X 1965, Uribe 5448, COL! Distrito Capital: Bogotá, Karlz s.n., W 4356! Bogotá, Schultze 125, US! Nariño: Pasto, El Encano, 11 VI 1988, 2800 m, Benavides 9920, COL! Pasto, Corregimiento Cabrera, 22 VII 2005, Farfán 1539, FMB! Carretera de Pasto a Mocoa, El Encanto y Dolores, 2850-2700 m, 26 VII 1948, García-Barriga 13034, AMES! 7 km above Ricaurte, 1750 m, 26 XI 1981, Gentry 35031, COL! Pasto, 9000 ft, 13 VI 1978, Lehmann s.n., W 69298! Carretera de La Victoria-San Jorge, 2100 m, 23 VI 1962, Mora 2151, PSO! Corregimiento Cabrera, Mun. Ricaurte, Reserva Natural La Planada, 1800 m, 3 VIII 1992, Paz 357, PSO! Pasto, 2800-3000, 13 I 1881, Lehmann 193, LE! Norte de Santander: Carretera de Cáchira a Salazar, 3156 m, 9 V 2013, Marín 5454, FMB! Quindío: Mun. Filandia, Vereda Cruces, VI 2005, Vargas 16050, COL! Risaralda: Mun. Pereira, Parque Regional Ucumari, 2150 m, 11 VI 1989, Bernal 1572, COL! Mun. Pueblo Rico, Vereda Monte Bello, ca. 1500 m, 1 X 2006, Arévalo 692, COL! Mun. Pereira, Parque Regional Ucumari, 2300 m, 14 VI 1989, Bernal 1670, COL! Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Occidental, filo de la cordillera sobre Las Brisas, monte El Tabor, 1970-2100 m, 19 X 1946, Cuatrecasas 22292, US! VALLE! El Cairo, Serranía de los Paraguas, 2080 m, 9 XI 1997, Silverstone-Sopkin 7992, AMO! CTES! VALLE! Mun. Cali, PNN Farallones de Cali. Corregimiento Los Andes, Predio El Danubio. Camino desde la cabaña del Danubio- Sendero Los Cárpatos, 2132 m, 9 IV 2019, Reina-Rodríguez 2966, CUVC! Santander: W of Vélez, road to Landazuri, 2400 m, 4-5 V 1984, Luer 10105, MO! Tolima: Ibagué, Cuenca del Río Toche, 2320 m, 4 VII 1985, Sánchez 329, FMB! ECUADOR: Carchi: El Mirador, 3360 m, 12 XII 1991, Dodson 11123, AMO! Entre Nono-Tandayapa-Rio Alambi, cañada, 2200 m, 5 VII 1986, Hágsater 8873, AMO x2! Sin datos, posiblemente El Mirador, 12 km al S de Playón de San Francisco, 4 km de la desviación en el puente, 3360 m, 9 VII 1990, pressed cult. 12 XII 1991, Hágsater 11123, AMO! En las afueras de Maldonado hacia Tulcán, arriba de pequeña hidroeléctrica, 1410 m, 30 IV 1993, Hágsater 11294, AMO! (spirit, AMO) km 8.3 al E de Maldonado hacia Tulcán, 2035 m, 30 IV 1993, Hágsater 11314, AMO! Ibid. pressed cult. 14 XII 1993, Hágsater 11314, AMO x3! Ibid. pressed cult. 6 II 1994, Hágsater 11314, AMO! Ibid. pressed cult. 16 XII 1996, Hágsater 11314, AMO x14! km 8.3 al E de Maldonado hacia Tulcán, 2035 m, 30 IV 1993, pressed cult. 8 X 1993, Hágsater 11320, AMO! (Illustration voucher) Ibid. pressed cult. 24 III 1997, Hágsater 11320, AMO x3! En las afueras de Maldonado hacia Tulcán, 1410 m, 1 V 1993, Hágsater 11329, AMO x 2! road Tulcán-Maldonado, western slopes of Cordillera Occidental, 2900-3100 m, 2 III 1974, Harling 12398, AMES! GB! ca. 5 km east of Santa Bárbara, 2700 m, 4 III 1974, Harling 12451, GB! Parroquia Calacalí, Pululahua-La Iberia, 2000 m, I 1984, Hirtz 1484, AMO x3! Maldonado-Tulcan, km 8-15, 2000-2200 m, 1 XI 1985, Luther 924, SEL! km 6, Santo Domingo-Quito old road, 1500 m, 8 IV 1984, Thurston T-3323, AMO! Pichincha: Guarumal, ca. 2100 m, 28 X 1955, Asplund 18226, S! km 29 on road from Quito to Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 2900 m, 22 X 1961, Dodson 1034, SEL! at km 86 Quito to Santo Domingo, 1400 m, 1 II 1963, Dodson 2212, SEL! Quito-ChiribogaSanto Domingo, 1800 m, 9 II 1992, Croat 72029, MO! Vicinity of Bellavista, along old road from main Tandayapa-Mindo road, to Nanegalito-San Miguel de los Bancos road, 2248 m, 5 IX 2007, Croat 98308, QCNE! Parroquia Nono, Cerro Guarumos. Derecho de Vía del Oleoducto de crudos pesados OCP, 2772 m, 11 XI 2001, Mites 479, MO! Road from Quito to Puerto Quito, between Nono and Tandayapa, about km 42 from Quito, 7100 ft, 5 XI 1974, Plowman 4436, Q! Napo: Cosanga, km 112 Quito-Tena, 1850 m, 17 VI 1983, Dodson 14011, SEL! km 92 Quito to Baeza, 1850 m, 30 VI 1985, Dodson 15889, QCNE! km 68 road from Quito to Baeza, 2700 m, 29 V 1986, Dodson 16422, MO! QCNE! Near Papallacta on road Quito to Baeza, 2900 m, 30 IV 1987, Dodson 17071, MO! QCNE! 2 km arriba de Selva Alegre, 1940 m, 6 XII 1986, pressed cult. 1 XII 1988, Hágsater 8984, AMO! Quito-Baeza road, between Papallacta and Cuyuja, 2850 m, 26 III 1979, Løjtnant 11373, AAU! GB! QCA! Pifo-Baeza-El Chaco, 2100-3000 m, 14 IV 1984, Thurston T-4029 and Dodson 14257, AMO! QCNE! MO! 9 km al Este de Papallacta, 2600-2900 m, 20 IV 1991, Yañes 147, QCA! QCNE! Sucumbios: km 49.8 desviación de la carretera Tulcán-Ibarra hacia La Bonita, después de Santa Barbara, 8 VII 1990, Hágsater 10599, AMO! Ibid. pressed cult. 8 X 1993, Hágsater 10599, AMO x2! Ibid. pressed cult. 4 XII 1994, Hágsater 10599, AMO x2! Tungurahua: Juibi along road from Baños to Riobamba, 2300 m, 15 II 1963, Dodson 2262, SEL! Volcán Tungurahua, 8000 ft, 1877, Lehmann 65, W! Ibid., 5000-7000 ft, Lehmann 86, W! VENEZUELA: Distrito Federal: Cerro de Naiguatá, 2650 m, 20 II 1952, Vareschi 468, VEN! Mérida: Without locality data, 6500 ft, VI 1846, Funck & Schlim 1048, G! Ibid. Linden 647, (mixed collection, the specimen on the right side of the type of Epidendrum praetervisum Rchb.f.) AMES! Dist. Libertador, cerca de Prado Verde, arriba de El Arado, 2450-2490 m, 22 V 1993, Meier 3755, VEN! La Carbonera, 2300 m, 25 IV 1949, Renz 5230, RENZ! La Carbonera & Chorotal, 2100 m, 26 III 1949, Renz 5377, RENZ! Táchira: Las Delicias, 1800 m, 9 IV 1951, Renz 7439, RENZ x2! OTHER RECORDS: Without locality data, Moritz s.n., sketch, W 4354! ECUADOR: Napo: Via Cosanga-Cucheras km 3, 21 V 2018, Rudy Gelis s.n., digital image, AMO! (photo voucher). COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Alrededores de Medellín, 1900-2500 m, Duque 171, photo, AMO! Cult. Colomborquídeas, Escobar s.n., digital photo, AMO! Jardín, Cordillera Occidental, 2887 m, Monsalve s.n., digital image, AMO! Cundinamarca: Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Mundo Nuevo-La Calera, 2500 m, Galindo s.n., digital image, AMO! Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Yepes s.n., digital photo, AMO! Valle del Cauca: Serranía de los Paraguas, García-Revelo s.n., digital image, AMO! Queremal, Parra s.n., digital photo, AMO! VENEZUELA: Táchira: North of Las Delicias, 1950 m and variety B, road to Quenequea, 2000 m, Dunsterville 1138, illustration published in Dunsterville & Garay, 1972. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Common and widespread from northern and western Venezuela; in Colombia from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, western, central and eastern Andes to central Ecuador. Epiphytic at [1250] 1800-3100 m altitude. Flowering from October to July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum geminiflorum belongs to the Geminiflorum Group and Subgroup characterized by the sympodial habit, creeping rhizome, unbranched stem, 1-2 spathaceous bracts and a few-flowered inflorescence, the flowers non-resupinate, the disc of the lip with a pair of laminar calli. The species is recognized by the generally 2-flowered (rarely 3-flowered)) inflorescence, flowers green or greenish-yellow, sepals 14-18[21] mm long, acute and apiculate, with the margin revolute, petals 14.4-16.0[19] mm long, narrowly lanceolate when spread, lip canaliculate down the center in natural position, the margins then spreading, especially the lateral lobes, which are smaller than the mid-lobe. Epidendrum cajamaracae Schltr. though vegetatively indistinguishable has wider sepals, obtuse apex, and the lateral lobes of the lip are nearly as long as the mid-lobe which is triangular-ovate, obtuse. Epidendrum stevensonii Hágsater & Dodson has the lip spade-like, the bottom half basically square and the apical half a right-angled triangle, the flowers are relatively numerous, 5-10-flowered. Epidendrum philocremnum Hágsater & Dodson has 13 mm long sepals, linear-elliptic petals and the lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes suborbicular; it is found on the eastern side of the Andes, on cliffs and steep roadsides, between Loja and Zamora. Epidendrum geminiochraceum Hágsater, E.Santiago & Medina Tr. has coriaceous, rigid leaves, inflorescence with up to 6 orange or ochre-orange flowers, sepals 21-23 mm long, longitudinally convex, the midlobe of the lip nearly as wide as it is long. CONSERVATION STATUS: LC. Less Concern. The species is very common and very widespread. The expected extent of occurrence 140,000 km², thus qualifying as Less Concern. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin geminis, twins, and flos, flower, this twin-flowered species, a feature common in this species, though 3 flowers are possible. REFERENCES: Escobar, R., 1994, Orquídeas Nativas de Colombia, 5: 759, fig. 873. Dunsterville, G.C.K. and L.A. Garay, 1972, as Epidendrum geminiflorum, in Venez. Orchid. Ill. [Dunsterville & Garay] 5: 88-89. Foldats, E., 1970, Orchidaceae, in T. Lasser (ed.) Fl. Venez. 15(3): 261-263. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum philocremnum in E. Hágsater & L. Sanchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 470. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum stevensonii in E. Hágsater & L. Sanchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 488. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum azuayense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1706. Schlechter, F.R.R., 1921, Epidendrum cajamarcae, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81-82. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 14. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in August 2019. Accessed from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. 8 Authors: E.Santiago & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Medina & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Gelis Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1724 EPIDENDRUM GEMINIOCHRACEUM Hágsater, E.Santiago & Medina Tr. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1725 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM GEMINIOCHRACEUM Hágsater, E.Santiago et Medina Tr., sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Sigchos, después de Las Pampas hacia Sigchos, 2881 m, 21 April 2018, Eric Hágsater, Gerardo A. Salazar, Diego Francisco Tobar Suárez, Itzi Fragoso Martínez y Marcia Peñafiel 15784. Holotype: QCNE! Isotype: AMO! Similar to Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth, but flowers fleshy, rigid, orange to ochre-orange, concolor (vs. slightly fleshy, green or yellowish green turning brown), leaves 3.0-13.0 x 1.2-3.3 cm, narrower, coriaceous, rigid (vs. leaves 3.0-9.0 x 1.4-2.6 cm, sub-coriaceous, flexible), [2]4-6 flowered (vs. 2[3]-flowered), sepals 21-23 mm long (vs. sepals 14-18[21] mm long). Epiphytic and terrestrial, sympodial, scandent herb, ca. 80 cm long. Roots 2-3 mm in diameter, produced from the rhizomatous base of the stem, scarce, terete, thin, white. Stems 1433 x 0.7-0.9 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from the middle of the previous stem, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered with non-foliar sheaths 2.0-3.7 cm long, tubular, scarious, becoming fibrous with time. Leaves 5-10, distributed along the apex of the stems, articulate, alternate, sub-spreading, coriaceous, rigid, green, concolor; sheaths 1.3-3.8 x 0.7-0.9 cm, tubular, minute, longitudinally striated, pale green; blade 3.0-13.0 x 1.2-3.3 cm, oblong, apex unequally bilobed, margin entire. Spathes 2, 3.5-6.0 x 2.6-2.8 cm (when spread), tubular at base, conduplicate above, apex obtuse, obovate when spread, margin entire. Inflorescence 10-13 cm long (including flowers), apical, erect, racemose; peduncle 5.3-7.0 cm long, totally hidden within the spathes, rachis 1.7-3.5 cm long. Floral bracts 5-6 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acute, embracing. Flowers [2] 4-6, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, fleshy, rigid, sepals, petals and lip orange to ochre-orange, centrally concolor, dorsally spotted with reddish brown, column greenish yellow, anther cream colored; fragrance not registered. Ovary 43-50 mm long, terete, thin at base, slightly inflated ventrally along apical half, furrowed, green, dense and minutely spotted with reddish brown. Sepals lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 7-veined, slightly longitudinally convex, fleshy, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal 22-23 x 6.5-8.0 mm, spreading, free; lateral sepals 21-22 x 7-8 mm, obliquely united to the base of column, partly spreading, slightly oblique. Petals 18.3-19.0 x 4.0-6.0 mm, free, spreading, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 15-17 x 16.0-16.5 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed (tearing when spread), base cordate, margin entire, embracing the apex of the column in natural position, underside with a long narrow furrow in the middle; bicallose, calli thin, laminar, parallel; disc concave with a thin, low mid-rib; lateral lobes 6.0-6.5 x 6.5-8.0 mm, hemi-orbicular; mid-lobe 9.0 x 10.0 mm, widely triangular, shortly acuminate. Column 6.5-7.0 mm long, thin, straight. Clinandriumhood short, margin entire. Anther spherical, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovate, laterally compressed, pale yellow; caudicles somewhat longer than the pollinia, soft and granulose; viscidium semi-liquid, transparent. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma narrow, half the length of the ovoid stigmatic cavity. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Cordillera Central, Vertiente Occidental, cabeceras del Río Palo, 2950-3150 m, 13 XII 1944, Cuatrecasas 19252, AMES! VALLE! Nariño: a 10 km de la carretera Pasto-Buesaco, 2535 m, 23 II 1979, Benavides 1716, PSO! Mun. Pasto, 3100 m, 22 II 1984, Benavides 4306, MO! PSO! Putumayo: Valle de Sibundoy, 2.5 km E of Colón, 2200 m, 16 VII 1996, Bristol 1226, AMES! COL! US! between La Cocha and Sibundoy, 2700 m, 30 VII 1978, Luer 3149, SEL! Quindio: Without locality data, VIII 1964, Kapuler 239, COL! Tolima: Cuenca del Río Combeima, Finca El Silencio, 2600 m, Barbosa 3194, FMB! ECUADOR: Without locality data, Ames s.n., AMES 14421! Cotopaxi: Ilinizas, 3050 m, Cerón 30307, Q! QAP! km 82 Quevedo-Latacunga, 2650, 3 XI 1984, Dodson 15423, MO! Pilaló, km 80 Quevedo-Latacunga, 2500 m, 18 II 1985, Dodson 15581, MO! QCA! Sigchos al Río Toachi, camino Sigchos-Latacunga, 2913 m, 22 IV 2018, Hágsater 15794, QCNE! Pujilí, Quevedo-Latacunga, 6 IX 1983, Hágsater 7665, AMO! QuevedoLatacunga, 2000 m, 6 III 1975, Luer 320, MO! Sigchos, 3044 m, 21 VI 2003, Ramos 6370, QCNE! El Oro: Pasando Chilla hacia Guanazán, 2491 m, 14 X 2018, Hágsater 15939, QCNE! Napo: Papallacta, km 64 Quito-Baeza, 2700 m, 17 VI 1983, Dodson 13980, SEL! Along road cut below Papallacta, 2770 m, 15 V 1981, Kuhn 117, Q! SEL! Pichincha: Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, alrededores de Pondoña, 2500-3000 m, 11 I 2000, Álvarez 2585, MO! Alluriquín and Aloag, 2500 m, 1 I 1979, Besse 1341, SEL! New road, Quito-Santo Domingo, km 18-25, 3 VI 1970, Brenner 56, SEL! Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, Cerro Pondoña, 2000-2500 m, 26 II 1987, Cerón 922, MO! QCA! QCNE! Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua; Quebrada sobre los tanques de reservorio de agua, 1880-3356 m, 30 I 1987, Cerón 1937, QAP! QCA! QCNE! Ilinizas, 3050 m, 20 I 1996, Cerón 30307, Q! QAP! km 30 Quito-Santo Domingo, new road, 2900 m, 5 III 1974, Dodson 5415, MO! km 60, Quito-Santo Domingo vía Tandapi, 2600 m, 25 X 1984, Dodson 15379, QCA! QCNE! MO! QuitoSto. Domingo km 40, El Paso, 3150 m, 10 XI 1984, Dodson 15441, LOJA! MO x3! QCA! QCNE! Quito-Santo Domingo, El Paso, 3150 m, 1 II 1985, Dodson 15512, MO! km 40 Quito-Sto. Domingo, El Paso, 3150 m, 1 II 1985, Dodson 15513, NY! QCNE! MO! km 40, W slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, above Tandapi, 20-21 km from Aloag on road to Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, Camino de acceso al crater por el sector de Moraspungo, 2600-2900 m, 2 XI 1989, Gavilanes 146, QCA! Tandayapa, entre Nono-Mindo, 2200 m, 5 XII 1986, Hágsater 8872, AMO! MO! Pululahua, 2800, X 1983, Hirtz 1304, AMO! above Tandapi, 20-21 km from Aloag on road to Santo Domingo, ca. 2650 m, 7 II 1985, Molau 1158, GB! Santo Domingo-Quito Road, 82 km north Zaracay Hotel, 8100 ft, 2 VIII 1980, Sauleda 3930, AAU! AMES! FLAS! MO! SEL! U! Reserva Ecológica Río Guajalito km 59 de la carretera antigua Quinto-Santo Domingo, 1800-2000 m, 4 V 2000, Tapia 1247, QCA! Tungurahua: NW slopes of Volcán Tungurahua below the refuge, 2850-3150 m, 15 I 1988, Molau 2484, GB! in silv. Suband. Vulc. Tungurahua, VIII 1901, Sodiro s.n., Q! Trail along W slope on Río Ulba Canyon above Hda. San Antonio (4 km up Río Ulba from village of Ulba), 2200-2500 m, 3 VI 1985, Stein 2955, MO! Chimborazo: Road Baños-Puela, ca 2-3 km north of Manzano, 8 V 1969, Lugo 1322, AMES! GB! PERU: Cajamarca: Parque Nacional de Cutervo, camino a Jaén, 2600 m, 10 VIII 1987, Díaz 2616, MO! SEL! USM! E of Celendín, 2850 m, 26 VIII 1980, Luer 5433, SEL! Huánuco: Honoria, Pachitea, Mck. Bird 1397, MO! (illustration, AMO). Carpish (Moyobamba), 27 VII 2002, Trujillo 28, HURP! Pasco: Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Sector Chacos, 2800 m, 3 XII 2004, Becerra 334, HOXA! MO! Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Sector San Alberto, camino al Abra Esperanza, 2692 m, 7 XII 2010, Briceño 471, ¡HOXA! Oso Playa 2410 m, 24 IX 2007, Monteagudo 15328, AMO! HOXA! Oxapampa, Huancabamba, Sector Grapanazú, 2400 m, 17 X 2003, Rojas 1920, MO! Huancabamba, Oso Playa, 2215 m, 14 X 2009, Valenzuela 13512, HOXA! Ibid. 2362 m, 15 X 2009, Valenzuela 13580, HOXA! Ibid. 2478 m, 22 X 2009, Valenzuela 13867, HOXA! Oso Playa, 2200-2400 m, 20 V 2005, van der Werff 20321, HOXA! MO! Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector San Daniel, 2200-2500 m, 12 III 2006, Vásquez 31097, HOXA! MO! Ibid. 2410 m, 1 IX 2005, Vilca 246, MO! San Martín: Mariscal Cáceres, E of Gran Pajaté ruins, 2550 m, 15 VIII 1980, Young 4111, USM! OTHER RECORDS: COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Mun. Cerrito, Finca La Samaria, vereda Moral Alto, 10 III 2017, 3160 m, Giraldo 9153, digital image, AMO! Tenerife, Pérez s.n., digital image, AMO! (photo voucher) Putumayo: Vereda Patoyaco-Tamabioy localizada al oriente de este valle en el camino viejo que desde San Francisco conduce a Mocoa, 1900 m, Medina 722, digital images, AMO! Tolima: Cajamarca, Alzate s.n., digital photo AMO! Roncesvalles, San José de las Hermosas, camino hacia la Laguna La Cristalina, 3000 m, Rincón s.n, digital image, AMO! ECUADOR: Azuay: without locality data, Merino s.n., digital photo, AMO! Cotopaxi: Sigchos, después de Las Pampas, pasando el Puerto hacia Sigchos, 2881 m, 21 IV 2018, Hágsater 15783, digital photos, AMO! (LCDP voucher). PERU: Amazonas: Without locality data, Salas s.n., digital photo, AMO! Huánuco: Carpish (Moyobamba), 27 VII 2002, Trujillo 28, digital photo and image of illustration, AMO! [Pasco:] Chontabamba-Oxapampa, Torres-Paucar s.n., digital photo, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Widespread and common in Colombia, Ecuador and south to central Peru, straggling on bushes and ledges at 2100-3500 m altitude. Flowering throughout the year. It is by far the most common and widespread species of the group. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum geminiochraceum belongs to the Geminiflorum Group characterized by having a sympodial, scandent, straggling habit, an unbranched stem, 1-2 spathaceous bracts, a few-flowered inflorescence, non-resupinate flowers, more than 2 cm in diameter, and the disc of the lip is not excavated with a pair of laminar calli. The new species is recognized by the relatively tall stems to 33 cm, leaves 3.0-13.0 x 1.2-3.3 cm, oblong, coriaceous and rigid, [2]4-6 flowers fleshy, orange to ochre-orange, sepals 21-23 x 6.58.0 mm, acuminate, longitudinally somewhat convex, petals 18.3-19 x 4.0-6.0 mm, lanceolate, lip 15-17 x 16-16.5 mm, clearly 3-lobed, the mid-lobe widely triangular, shortacuminate. Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth is vegetatively similar, leaves 3.0-9.0 x 1.4-2.6 cm, oblong, 2[3] flowers green to greenish yellow, sepals acute, margins revolute, sepals 14-18 [21] x 3.5-4.5 mm, petals 14.4-16[19] x 2.7-3.3 mm, lanceolate, lip 10-13[16] x 8-12 mm, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes semi-orbicular, small. Epidendrum azuayense Hágsater & E.Santiago has stems 6.0-16 cm tall, oblong-elliptic leaves 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, 2-flowered inflorescence, flowers orange, column green, sepals 13-18 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, and lip 8.0-9.0 x 11.0 mm, widely cordiform, apex obtuse. Epidendrum megagastrium Lindl. has leaves 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.3 cm, elliptic, 3 copper-brown flowers, column pale green, sepals 20.5 x 7.6 mm, flat, ovate-elliptic, acute, petals 18.5 x 4.7 mm, oblong-elliptic, lip 11.4 x 10.0 mm, narrowly cordiform. Epidendrum orbicordichilum Hágsater & E.Santiago has leaves 3.7-9.0 x 1.8-3.5 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 2 sepia-ochre flowers turning bright orange with age, sepals acute, minutely apiculate, petals 17 x 5.4 mm, elliptic, apex sub-acute, lip 14 x 14 mm, entire, orbicular-cordiform. CONSERVATION STATUS: LC. Less Concern. Widespread and common in Colombia, Ecuador and south to central Peru, at 2000-3100 m altitude, growing among shrubs in low forests and ledges. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin gemini, twins, and ochraceus, the color ochre, yellowish brown, in reference to the geminiflorum group, and the orange to ochre-orange color of the flowers that are typical of this species and distinguishes it from others of this group. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections by Hágsater made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 2016-0045, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum azuayense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1706. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum geminiflorum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1724. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum megagastrium in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1739. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum orbicordichilum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1746. 5 Authors: E. Hágsater, E.Santiago & R. Medina Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: O. A. Pérez E. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1725 EPIDENDRUM GRENADENSE Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1726 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM GRENADENSE Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. TYPE: Grenada: Grand Etang Forest Reserve: rainforest on ridge NW of Grand Etang, alt. 1900-2300 ft, 8-9 August 1959, Grady L. Webster, J. Ellis & K. Miller 9513. Holotype: S! (illustration voucher). Similar to Epidendrum jamaicense Lindl. but the leaves 4.0-5.6 x 1.5-2.0 cm, elliptic (vs. 2.5-11 x 1.0-1.4 cm, narrowly elliptic), sepals 9.3-9.5 x 4.6-5.1 mm, ovate-elliptic, lateral sepals with obtuse apex (vs. 10-15 x 3.0-5.7 mm, elliptic, lateral sepals falcate, apex acuminate), petals 8.3 x 3.0 mm, oblanceolate with obtuse apex (vs. 10-14 x 1.8-2.0 mm, linear, apex acuminate), lip 7 x 11.6 mm, transversally elliptic, apex emarginate minutely apiculate (vs. 9-15 x 10-15 mm, reniform, not apiculate). Epiphytic, sympodial herb to 30 cm tall, where the new stem appears from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem. Roots 0.5-3.0 mm in diameter, at base of primary stem, fleshy, thick, white. Stems 9-13 x 0.3-0.5 cm, simple, cane-like, terete at base somewhat laterally compressed above, thin, straight, base covered by sheaths 11-24 mm long, tubular, non-foliar, scarious. Leaves 2-3, aggregate towards the apex of the stem, alternate, distichous, articulate, sub-coriaceous; sheath 5-15 x 2.0-3.2 mm, tubular, minutely striated; blade 4.0-6.7 x 1.5-2.0 cm, elliptic, acute, margin entire. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 3.5-4.5 cm long, apical, racemose, arching, few-flowered; peduncle 1.0-2.0 cm long, thin, ancipitose, apex provided with a bract 5 mm long, widely triangular, apex acute; rachis terete, thin. Floral bracts 2-3 mm long, shorter than the ovary, widely triangular, acute, embracing. Flowers 10-14, successive, though several can be open at one time, resupinate, yellowish brown; fragrance not registered. Ovary 8-12 mm long, ventrally inflated along the apical half, terete. Sepals 8.8-9.5 x 4.6-5.1 mm, free, ovate-elliptic, 5-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal spreading, elliptic, acute; lateral sepals partly spreading, obtuse, minutely apiculate. Petals 8.3 x 3.0 mm, spreading, free, 3-veined, oblanceolate, obtuse, margin entire, spreading. Lip 7 x 11.6 mm, united to the column, transversely elliptic, convex, base slightly cordate, apex slightly emarginate and minutely apiculate, margin entire, the apical margin somewhat revolute; bicallose, the calli globose, prominent, disc with 3 parallel ribs, the mid-rib elongate reaching the apical sinus, the lateral pair shorter. Column 4 mm long, straight, thick. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Nectary penetrating ½ of the pedicellate ovary, inflated. Anther and Pollinia not seen. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, 1/3 the length of the stigmatic cavity. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: GRENADA: Arimar Mountain, 4 IV 1905, Broadway s.n, NY! Annandale, St. George's (mountains), 1 III 1906, Broadway s.n, AMES! Grenada Botanic Garden, 1 III 1985, Broadway 6, K! Grand Etang, 1905, Cameron s.n., AMES 7770! OTHER RECORDS: None seen DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Know presently on from the Caribbean island of Grenada, at 570-690 m altitude; flowering in March-April and August. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum grenadense belongs to the Incomptum Group which is characterized by the successive lateral growths produced from the middle of the previous growth, few leaves aggregate towards the apex of the stems, a short apical inflorescence with fleshy greenish to violet-green to black flowers with short ovaries, the lip entire to 3-lobed, and the Proligerum Complex, which has the ovary inflated, forming a vesicle behind the perianth. The species is recognized by the elliptic leaves 4.0-5.6 x 1.5-2.0 cm, floral segments obtuse, sepals 9.3-9.5 x 4.6-5.1 mm, ovate-elliptic, petals 8.3 x 3 mm, oblanceolate, and the lip 7 x 11.6 mm, transversely elliptic, emarginate and minutely apiculate, the calli globose, prominent. Epidendrum jamaicense has narrowly elliptic leaves 2.5-11 x 1.0-1.4 cm, floral segments acuminate, sepals 10-15 x 3.0-5.7 mm, elliptic, lateral sepals falcate, petals 10-14 x 1.82.0 mm, linear, and the lip 9-15 x 10-15 mm, reniform with the apex not apiculate. CONSERVATION STATUS: Unknown. ETYMOLOGY: Hágsater, E., 2018, Epidendrum jamaicense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1631. 3 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1726 EPIDENDRUM HOLOCHILUM (Schltr.) Mansf. ex Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1727 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM HOLOCHILUM (Schltr.) Mansf. ex Hágsater, comb. nov. Basionym: Amblostoma holochilum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 387. 1912. „Epidendrum holochilum Mansf. Ined.“ Type: Peru: [Junin:] Chanchamayo, an Baumstëmmen in Walde, Rio Blanco, ca. 1400 m, 1906, E. Köhler 5. Holotype: B. Destroyed, (Photographs CNHM 18360: AMES! NY! SEL!). Neotype (here designated): PERU: Junín: Chanchamayo valley, 1200 m, III 1930, Carlos Schunke 1313, F! (Illustration voucher.) Synonyms: Epidendrum micranthum Lindl., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 88. 1840. Type: Peru: 1835*, Mathews 1858, Lectotype (here designated): ex Herb. Hooker, K! Isolectotypes: E! G! (photo CMNH 24714 AMES!). ex Herb. Benthianum, K! Mathews 1858, W 9393! (specimen, 3 branched, 3 leaved) W 5874! (tracing, but it does not correspond to any of the other specimens, having a 4 branched inflorescence and 3 leaves). Synonyms: Amblostoma micranthum Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 310. 1881. Non Epidendrum micranthum Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 125. 1788 [= Stelis micrantha (Sw.) Sw.]. nec Epidendrum micranthum Sessé & Mociño [herbarium name] [=Prosthechea ochracea (Lindl.) W.E. Higgins]. Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, erect herb 30-50 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, basal, simple, thin. Stems 9-25 x 0.3-1.0 cm, simple, produced from the base of the previous stem, cane-like, terete, thin, slightly thickened-fusiform, the basal half covered by 2-3 sheaths, appressed, papyraceous, obtuse, the last with a small foliose blade to 1 cm long. Leaves 2 to 5, aggregate towards the apex of the stem, alternate, erect-spreading; foliar sheaths to 3 cm long, tubular; blade 5-20 x 0.5-1.3 cm, articulate, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sub-coriaceous, margin entire. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 8-20 cm long, apical, racemose to paniculate with up to 6 branches, sub-erect, slightly longer than the longest leaf, flowering only once; peduncle 0.9-1.3 cm long, short, terete; rachis terete, straight. Floral bracts 2-3 mm long, somewhat shorter than the ovary, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate embracing. Flowers 20-46, simultaneous, very small, resupinate, pale yellow; fragrance not registered. Ovary 2.5-5.0 mm long, terete, slightly inflated ventrally towards the apex. Sepals 2.75-3.0 x 1.2 mm, free, oblong-obovate, obtuse, short aristate, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading, dorsal sepals partly spreading, lateral sepals spreading, slightly sigmoid. Petals 2.9-0.5 mm, partly spreading, free, linear-oblong, slightly dilated along the apical half, apex obliquely truncate, corners rounded, 1-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 1.75-2.0 x 1.75-2.0 mm, united to the column, entire, cordiform, fleshy, base deeply cordate, apex truncate, mucronate, margin entire, somewhat revolute; 3-callose, the calli basal, laminar, parallel, prolonged into 3 low, rounded ribs, the midrib reaching the apical mucro. Column 1.25-4 mm long, slightly to strongly arched, constricted in the middle. Clinandrium-hood short, margin fleshy, sinuous-s. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed, sub-equal. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Nectary prominent, forming a wide cavity at the base of the column and apex of the ovary. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Huánuco: between Huánuco and Pampayacu, Pampayacu, 17 I 1927, Kanehira 318, AMES! Junín: 5 km W of La Merced, 1450 m, Bennett 61-2-46, SEL! trocha cerca al puente Pan de Azúcar, carretera San Ramón-Tarma, 14 V 1984, Fernández 313, USM! Junín: Pichis trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 m, 28 VI 1929, Killip 25465, US! Pampayacu, 3600 ft, 12 VII 1922, McBride 5116, AMES! [Prov. Chanchamayo: Distr. San Ramón: San José de] Utcuyacu, 1900 m, 25 II 1948, Woytkowski 35378, AMES (x2)! UC (x2)! San Martín: 400 m, 3 IV 1963, Moore 6080, AMES! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Huánuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado: Tingo María, Parque Nacional Tingo María, 1050 m, 27 II 2017, Díaz s.n., digitial images, AMO! (Photo voucher). Ibid. L. E. Yupanqui and Ocupa Horna, digital images AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from central and northern Peru, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the canyons of the Huallaga, Tarma and Chanchamayo rivers, epiphytic at 1050-1900 m altitude. Flowering from January to July. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum holochilum belongs to the Amblostoma Group which is recognized by the slightly fusiform thickened stems and branching inflorescence bearing small flower with an entire lip. The species is recognized by acuminate leaves 5-20 x 0.5-1.3 cm, small pale yellow flowers, sepals 2.75-3.0 x 1.2 mm, and a cordiform, entire lip with 3 parallel calli continued into 3 low ribs. Epidendrum appendiculatum T.Hashim. also from the Chanchamayo valley has proportionately narrower leaves to 24 x 0.95 cm, flowers lemon-yellow, sepals 3.5 x 1.0-1.5 mm, lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect, dolabriform and mid-lobe semi-ovate, apically rounded, with a large quadrate callus on the lower half of the mid-lobe. Epidendrum septumspinae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, also from the Chanchamayo Valley, has smaller plants, leaves 10-12 x 0.8 cm, golden yellow-orange sepals with a pale green carinate apex, and yellow petals and lip, sepals 2.5 x 1.4-1.5 mm, and lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes small, triangular, and mid-lobe hemi-orbicular, acuminate. NOTES: The holotype of Amblostoma holochilum sheet in Berlin had an annotation as “Epidendrum (Amblostoma) holochilum (Schltr.) Mansf.” This is evident from the photograph of the holotype taken before World War II by the staff Chicago Natural History Museum (CNHM 18360). That intended combination, however, was never published before. The protologue of Epidendrum micranthum Lindl. shows the type as “Peru, Mathews, (1858) (herb. Hooker, Bentham et propr.)” (sic), and several specimens were located in different herbaria, including Kew, and some of their labels show the number 1858 and/or the uncited collection date as “1835”. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The specimen from the Parque Nacional Tingo María was photographed by Alex G. Díaz H., Enrique Yupanqui G. and Luis A. Ocupa Horna during a field study in 2017 in the Programa de Guardaparques Voluntarios 2017, directed by the SERNANP, under the director of the protected area. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data Deficient. Few collections are known. The Valley of Chanchamayo is very much disturbed, as the main road from Lima to the east runs along it, and little arboreal vegetation remains on the steep slopes, as well as at the bottom. The species may, however still exist in other valleys. REFERENCES: Bennett, Jr., D.E. & E.A. Christenson, 2001, Epidendrum septumspinae, Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum t. 655. Hashimoto, T., 1987, Epidendrum appendiculatum, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, ser B. 13(1): 35-39. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: A. G. Díaz H. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1727 EPIDENDRUM IDROBOI Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1728 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM IDROBOI Hágsater, sp. nov. COLOMBIA: Cauca: Mun. San Sebastián: Macizo Colombiano, alrededores de la laguna de Cusiyaco, 3017 m, 7-12 X 1958, Jesús Medardo Idrobo 4006. Holotype: COL 81384! Isotype: US! (illustration voucher). Similar to Epidendrum garayi Løjtnant but each stem with a single apical leaf 39-79 mm long (vs. 2-3 leaves per stem to 50 mm long), flowers green, inside lemon colored, lip lemon colored, column white (vs. flowers greenish purple), sepals 12.0-15.0 mm long (vs. 10-12 mm long) and lip 8.0-9.6 x 8.5-9.0 mm, widely cordiform, acuminate (vs. lip 11 x 6-7 mm, cordiform, apiculate). Epiphytic, pendulous, sympodial, scarcely branching herb, to 42 cm long. Roots 1 mm in diameter, from the base of the primary stems only, thin, flexuous, simple. Stems 10-35 x 1.5-2.5 mm, formed by 3-5 internodes, terete, the first and third provided with non-foliar, non-imbricated bracts, 11-16 x 6-7 mm, triangular-obovate, acuminate, dorsally carinate towards the apex, dark brown in dried material; the stems progressively longer and thinner; last segment a stem 8-16 x 3.0-3.5 mm, subtended by the largest sheath, fusiform thickened, pale gray, densely dotted fuchsia; each new stem originates from the penultimate or last bract, from the base of the last internode. Leaf 1, 39-73 x 5-6 mm, single, apical, pendulous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dorsally carinate and aristate, base conduplicate, coriaceous, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking, Inflorescence apical, sessile, 1-2-flowered. Floral bract 4-5 mm long, triangular, acute, embracing. Ovary 16-18 mm long terete, dilated along the apical 1/3. Flowers 1-2, pendulous, facing downwards, ovary and sepals green dorsally, inside lemon colored, slightly pruinose, lip lime colored, column white. Dorsal sepal 12.015.0 x 3.0-3.5 mm, spreading, free, lanceolate, acuminate, 5-veined, margins entire, slightly involute towards the apex. Lateral sepals 13.5-14.5 x 4.5-5.1 mm, spreading, free, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, dorsally carinate towards the apex and aristate, falcate, upper margin straight, 5-veined, margins entire, slightly involute. Petals 11.2-11.6 x 1.5-2.0 m, shorter than the sepals, spreading, free, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-veined, margins entire, spreading. Lip 8.0-9.6 x 8.5-9.0 mm, united to the column throughout, widely cordiform, acuminate, ecallose, with a prominent, wide mid-rib running down the entire length over three veins, V-shaped in natural position, sides rounded, margins entire, somewhat erose towards the apex. Column 5.5-6.5 x 3.5-4.0 mm, thick, somewhat arched upwards, apex truncate, forming a 120° angle with the ovary. Clinandrium-hood short, entire, margin dentate. Anther widely reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, subequal, obovoid, laterally compressed. Rostellum apical slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma 1/3 the length of the stigmatic cavity which occupies 2/3 of the column. Nectary penetrating 1/3 of the pedicel, narrow, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS SEEN: COLOMBIA: Nariño: Páramo de Quilinsayaco, between La Chocha and Santiago, 2700-3000 m, 1 VIII 1961, Garay 407, COL! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from two localities distant some 100 km, on the summit of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes in southern Colombia epiphytic on shrubs, at 2700-3000 m altitude. Flowering in August-October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum idroboi belongs to the Kalopternix Group, Garayi Subroup which is recognized by pendent chain of stems, arising each from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem, each with 1-3 linear-lanceolate leaves, inflorescence apical, flowering only once, 1-2 flowered, the flowers non-resupinate, green to red to yellow, de lip cordiform, ecallose. The species is recognized by the long sympodial segments in 3-5 sections, two covered by non-imbricated sheaths, the last enveloping the fusiform pseudobulb, apically with a single leaf, 36-73 x 5-6 mm, 1-2-flowered, the flower green outside, lemon colored inside with white column, sepals 12.0-15.0 mm long, 5-veined, lip, widely cordiform, acuminate. Very similar to Epidendrum garayi Løjtant (repaced synonym of: Pleuranthium cardiochilum Garay) which has however 2-3 leaves per pseudobulb, flowers similar but greenish purple, sepals 10-12 mm long and lip 11 x 6-7 mm, cordiform, apiculate. Epidendrum falsigarayi Hágsater & Karremans has brick red flowers. Epidendrum wolfii Hágsater & E.Santiago has short, bifoliate, cane-like stems, linear-lanceolate leaves 1.1-2.7 cm long, the sessile, 2-flowered inflorescence, successive and opposite, pink, immaculate flowers, the lip widely cordiform with the apex obtuse, the disc with a single evident, low, wide rib running down the middle. Epidendrum carmelense Hágsater & Dodson forms pseudobulbs at the end of the stems which are unifoliate, leaves are 3.5-8.5 cm long, with 1-2 greenish to ochre flowers with reddish dots, the lip is reniform, without any ribs. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Jesús Medardo Idrobo (1917-2010), Colombian botanist, at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional, Bogotá, specialized in Phanerogams, and who collected extensively in Colombia between 1933 and 1980, with many other renown botanists and whose collections are housed particularly at COL, BM, F, AMES, MEDEL and US herbaria. He collected the type material for this species. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Presently known from a two localities, but most of the areas along this range have been poorly collected. REFERENCES: Garay, L.A., 1953, Pleuranthium cardiochilum, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12: 181, fig. 3. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum carmelense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 120. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2010, Epidendrum wolfii in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1496. Hágsater, E., & A. Karremans, 2019, Epidendrum falsigarayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1720. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum garayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1722. 14 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1728 EPIDENDRUM INTEGRINANUM Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1729 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM INTEGRINANUM Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cantón El Pangui; Parroquia Tundayme; Cordillera del Cóndor, laderas del tepuí andino, vía Canales, ca. 1600 m, col. 10 April 2017, pressed 5 March 2019 in cult., Gerardo A. Salazar, Diego Francisco Tobar Suárez, Itzi Fragoso Martínez, Adriana Benitez Villaseñor, Juan Carlos Monge sub Eric Hágsater 15212. Holotype: QCNE! (LCDP and photo voucher). Ibid., digital images, 10 October 2018, AMO! Similar to Epidendrum nanosimplex Hágsater & Dodson, stems horizontal, with numerous leaves on the same plane of the stem or pendent with new stems produced sub-apically from previous stem, (vs. stems horizontal, new stems produced from the lower internodes of previous stem, leaves scarce and small), and the lip sub-entire, 4.0 x 2.5 mm, mid-lobe triangular (longer than wide) and lateral lobes very reduced, sub-orbicular and redounded (vs. entire lip, 3.0 x 2.8 mm, ovate, obtuse, revolute; calli sub-globose, with a ventral low, wide keel running from the calli to the apex of the lip). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, horizontal, herb, ca. 6-30 cm long, including the inflorescence, and the new stems arising from a subapical internode of the previous stem. Roots 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, basal from the initial stem and sometimes from a sub-apical stem, filiform. Stems 6.2-9.5 x 0.2 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, straight, the new stem originating from a middle to sub-apical internode of the previous stem, or pendent with new stems produced sub-apically from previous stem, gradually becoming slightly thinner and shorter. Leaves 8-12, aggregate along the stem, green concolor, alternate, articulate, spreading, unequal in size, the basal one generally larger, sub-coriaceous, twisted at the base so as to be in the same plane as the stem; sheaths 5.0-6.0 mm long, tubular, laterally compressed, light green; blade 0.9-2.4 x 0.8-0.9 cm, widely lanceolate, acute, margin entire. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 2.7 cm long, apical, racemose, sub-umbellate, straight; peduncle reduced, laterally compressed, straight, light green; rachis 5.0 mm long, short, laterally compressed to terete, thick, straight. Floral bracts 4.0-8.2 mm long, almost the same length as the ovary, decreasing towards the apex, ovate-triangular, acute, margin slightly dentate, light green. Flowers 6-8, simultaneous, resupinate, white, lip with light green overtone, column green; without any apparent fragrance. Ovary 10 mm long, terete, thin, slightly inflated ventrally at the apex, striated, light green. Sepals 9.3-9.6 x 2.5-2.6 mm, partly spreading, free, acute, glabrous, 3-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepal oblanceolate; lateral sepals oblanceolate-elliptic, minutely apiculate. Petals 9.0 x 0.6 mm, spreading, free, linear, acute, 1-veined, margin entire. Lip 4.0 x 2.5 mm, united to the column, sub-entire, narrowly triangular in general form, base truncate, fleshy, margin entire; lateral lobes 0.8 x 0.5 mm, reduced, hemi-orbicular; mid-lobe 2.9 x 2.0 mm, triangular, longer than wide, apex obtuse; bicallose, the calli prominent, globose, redounded, slightly divaricate. Column 6.0 mm long, slightly thicker at the apex, slightly curved towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, 1/3 the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary deep, penetrating 2/3 of the pedicellate ovary, somewhat inflated, unornamented, Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the locality where the type was collected, in wet Andean montane forest, on slope of Andean Tepui. Flowering in March and October in cultivation. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum integrinanum belongs to the Nanum Group, which is characterized by the Dichaea like pendent stems, the inflorescence produced by pairs of opposite flowers, without spathaceous bracts, but with prominent floral bracts. The new species is recognized by the large, plants (about ca. 6-30 cm long), widely lanceolate leaves, green concolor, the ovate-triangular floral bracts, white with green tone flowers, resupinate, with dorsal sepal oblanceolate, and lateral sepals oblanceolate-elliptic (9.3-9.6 x 2.5-2.6 mm) and petals linear, by the small sub-entire lip, 4.0 x 2.5 mm, the mid-lobe triangular (longer than wide) and the lateral lobes very reduced, hemi-orbicular and redounded. Epidendrum nanosimplex Hágsater & Dodson, has short plants growing horizontally on the underside of the branches, also has an entire lip, 3.0 x 1.5-2.8 mm, ovate, base truncate, obtuse, revolute, convex, fleshy; calli sub-globose, prominent, with a ventral low, wide keel running from the calli to the apex of the lip, slightly longer than wide. Epidendrum bonitense Hágsater & Dodson with grayish-green, ovate leaves, somewhat oblique, sub-coriaceous-succulent, flowers glaucous-green with a faint purple tinge, sepals obovate 4-5-veined, and deeply 3-lobed lip, lateral lobes obliquely ovate, and the mid-lobe sub-rectangular. CONSERVATION STATUS: Threatened. The locality where the type was collected has been totally destroyed by the construction of very large mining facility. The species may be found further north or south on the flanks of the Cordillera del Cóndor, as well as on the Peruvian side of the border. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin integri- entire, and nanum, Greek for dwarf, in reference to the nearly entire, triangular lip with the basal corners forming very small sub-orbicular lobes, distinct from most species in this group which have prominent lateral lobes, except for Epidendrum nanosimplex. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections by Salazar & Hágsater made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNBCM 2016-0045, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: E. Hágsater, & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum bonitense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 113. E. Hágsater, & C.H. Dodson, 1999, Epidendrum nanosimplex in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García Cruz (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 360. 12 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Jiménez M. & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1729 EPIDENDRUM LABRYCHILUM Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1730 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM LABRYCHILUM Hágsater, Edquén et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: San Martín: Prov. Rioja;; Distr. Pardo Miguel Naranjos. Sector Venceremos, 1780 m, 7 febrero 2018, Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo, José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas 400. Holotype: HURP! Similar to Epidendrum steinbachii Ames but the flowers red-ochre, lip ochre yellow, column wide red at apex (vs. yellow, concolor), sepals 9 mm long (vs. 6 mm), lip 6 x 8, slightly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes dolabriform, the mid-lobe small (vs. lip 3 x 4 mm, transversely elliptic), calli prominent, laminar (vs. small and globose). Epiphytic and lithophytic, caespitose, branching herb, 60 cm tall. Roots 3-4 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thick. Stems: primary stem 60 x 0.4-0.5, secondary branches 1.5-4.5 x 0.2-0.3 cm, cane-like, terete, thin, the branches produced throughout the length of the primary stem, secondary branches themselves branched, produced from apical internodes of the previous segment or branch. Leaves numerous and distributed throughout young primary stem, deciduous when stem mature (i.e. branched), 2-3 on the secondary branches; alternate, articulate, erect-spreading, slightly arched, sub-coriaceous; sheathes 0.4-1.5 cm long, tubular, striated, rugose, red-brown; blade on primary stem 4.0-5.0 x 0.4-0.6 cm, on branches 1.3-4.0 x 0.4-0.5 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex rounded, margin entire, spreading, dark green to wine-red-brown. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 1.4-1.7 cm long, produced from the apex of the secondary branches, racemose, flowering only once, laxly few-flowered; peduncle 0.7-1.0 cm long, terete, thin at base, gradually thickened towards the apex, straight; rachis 0.6-0.8 cm long, terete, thin, straight. Floral bract 2 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 6-8, successive, several open at once, resupinate, ochre-red, the lip ochre-yellow, column wine-red at the apex, the floral buds wine-red; fragrance of citrus, weak, in afternoon. Ovary 11-12 mm long, terete, thin, smooth, slightly widened at the apex, wine-ochre. Sepals 9 x 2.5-3.0 mm, partly spreading, free, apex sub-acute, minutely apiculate, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepals oblanceolate; lateral sepals obliquely united to the column, narrowly elliptic, oblique. Petals 8 x 0.3 mm, partly spreading, free, filiform, arching, 1-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 6 x 8 mm, united to the column, forming a double bladed axe when spread, strongly reflexed and the posterior side of the lateral lobes revolute in natural position, 3-lobed, base cordate, margin entire, spreading; bicallose, the calli prominent, laminar, convergent though widely separate, disc with a very short mid-rib; lateral lobes 2.5 x 5.5 mm, dolabriform, the posterior corner rounded and the inner side upturned, the anterior corner a right angle, spreading, much larger than the recessed, small mid-lobe 0.5 x 3 mm, forming a shallow rounded arc. Column 9 mm long, straight, long, ventrally inflated towards the middle of the basal 3/4th, the apex abruptly widened ventrally. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled, wine-red. Pollinia 4, obovoid, in two pairs, the inner side of each pair flat, yellow. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary shallow barely penetrating the ovary behind the perianth, but inflated within the column, towards the basal 1/3. Capsule not seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the Department of San Martin, Province of Lamas, east of the Andes, in northern Peru, epiphytic at 1565-1765 m altitude in wet montane forest of 5-8 m height, with abundant moss and liquens. Flowering in February. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: PERU: San Martin: Prov.: Lamas; Distrito: Alonso de Alvarado-Roque; Caserío Canaán, 1565 m, Edquén s.n. Digital image, AMO! (LCDP and photo voucher). RECOGNITION: Epidendrum soratae belongs to the Soratae Subgroup of the Scabrum Group which is characterized by the branching habit starting on a monopodial, primary stem, infundibuliform, rugose leaf-sheaths, lanceolate, aristate, acute leaves, racemose subcapitate inflorescence on a short, thin peduncle, and the bicallose lip. The species is recognized by the tall primary stem with numerous short branches, dark green to wine-red-brown, linear-lanceolate leaves, successive ochre flowers tinged wine-red, the lip ochre-yellow, and the apex of the column red, sepals 9 mm long, the lip forming a double-bladed axe when spread, strongly reflexed and the posterior side of the lateral lobes revolute in natural position, the calli prominent, convergent. It is similar to Epidendrum steinbachii, which has concolor, yellow flowers, the apex of the column purple, sepals 6 mm long, and the lip transversely elliptic with small, globose calli. Epidendrum constricolumna Hágsater Chocce & E. Santiago produces branches towards the apex of the primary stem, has ovatelanceolate leaves flowers of similar color and size, but the lip is orbicular, and column abruptly constricted at the base. Epidendrum monteagudoi Hágsater & E.Santiago, has shorter plants, 16 cm tall, which Branch near the apex of the primary stem, linear-lanceolate leaves 1.3 cm long, sepals 8 mm long, and the lip with globose calli with the mid-lobe widely triangular and obtuse. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known presently only from the type. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek λαβρυς a double-bladed axe of ancient Crete, used as a symbol of the Moon Goddess, and χειλος, lip, in reference to the peculiar shape of the lip when spread. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Type collection made under project awarded to José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas: “Diversidad y distribución de orquídeas en bosque no intervenido, parches o fragmentos y paisajes agrointervenidos en el Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo-2018”, segun Resolución Jefatural del Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo, permiso de investigacion N° 006-2018-SERNANP-BPAM-JBPAM, y amparado bajo el Certificado de Procedencia de Muestras Biológicas Nº 002-2018-SERNANP-BPAM. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., M. Chocce & E. Santiago, 1999, Epidendrum constricolumna in Hágsater, E. & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum Part 8, Icon. Orchid. 12: pl. 1226. Hágsater E., & E. Santiago, 2013, Epidendrum monteagudoi, in Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: pl. 1459. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater, J. D. Edquén O. & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: J. D. Edquén O. & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: J. D. Edquén O. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1730 EPIDENDRUM LANIOIDES Schltr. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1731 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM LANIOIDES Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 489, 1913. Type: BOLIVIA: [Santa Cruz: Florida:] Samaipata, An einem Baume im Bergwalde bei Samaipata, 1700 m, März 1911, Theodor Carl Julius Herzog 1768, Holotype: L! Photograph of holotype: AMO! NY! Epiphytic and lithophytic, sympodial, somewhat scandent herb, 7-20 cm tall. Roots 1.0 mm in diameter, from the base of the stems, simple, filiform, smooth, flexuous. Rhizome creeping, multi-articulate, short. Stems 3.2-8.0 x 0.2-0.3 cm, pseudobulbs, fusiform, erect, completely covered by sheaths, 1.2-3.6 x 0.2-0.3 cm, distichous, imbricated, 2-leaf-bearing at the apex, tubular, acute, striated when dry. Leaves 1-2 at the apex of stem; blade 3.0-8.5 x 0.4-0.8 cm, linear-ligulate, sub-coriaceous, obtuse, equal, erect, margin entire, smooth, spreading, clasping at the base. Spathes absent. Inflorescence 3.2-8.0 cm, apical, almost the size or slightly longer than the leaves, erect, racemose, flowering simultaneously, lax, several-flowered, smooth; peduncle 1.5-4.4 cm long, terete; rachis 3.0-6.0 cm long, straight. Floral bracts 1.0-2.0 x 0.6 mm, much shorter than the ovary, decreasing in size, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, embracing. Flowers ca. 10, simultaneous, non-resupinate, pale green, lip greenish white, column green, white towards the apex; anther purplishbrown; fragrance not registered. Ovary 5.6-6.0 mm long, thin, terete, not inflate, smooth. Sepals 5.0-6.0 x 1.2-1.7 mm, spreading, free, acuminate, membranous, 3-veined, margin entire; dorsal sepal lanceolate; lateral sepal oblique, asymmetrically lanceolate. Petals 5.3 x 0.3 mm, spreading, free, linear, sub-acute, 1-veined, margin entire, membranous. Lip 3.0-5.0 x 3.0 mm, 3-lobate, united to the column, base cordate, margin entire; disc with single callus, bicuniculate, with 3 thin parallel ribs, the mid-rib elongate, nearly reaching the apex of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes 2.0 x 1.0 mm, transversely ovate, apex acute; mid-lobe 1.9-3.0 x 1.0 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acute. Column 3 mm long, slightly arcuate, sub-clavate. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther reniform, apex retuse, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, sub-equal, sub-ovate, laterally compressed. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of stigma prominent, occupying nearly ½ of the stigma. Nectary shallow, not penetrating beyond the perianth, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: sin loc., cult. Santa Cruz, 10 II 1992, L.R. Moreno sub Vásquez 1354, VASQ (Vásquez 2004). PERU: Cusco: Prov. La Convención, Aguas Calientes, 2070 m, 8 IV 2005, Aedo 11208, MA! (illustration voucher). Just below ruins of Machu Picchu, 3 II 1958, Correll P-275, AMES x2! km 87 along railway to Machu Picchu, in the Vilcanota canyon, 2500 m, 9 II 1999, M. León & Collantes 2901, MOL! (illustration: Bennett & Christenson, 2001; photograph: Collantes et. al., 2007) ca 112 km de Cusco; en el camino ferroviario Cusco-Quillabamba, 2000 m, 24 III 1987, Núñez 7544, USM! CUZ! Aguas Calientes, valle del Río Urubamba, Machu Picchu, 2400 m, 9 III 1973, Vargas 22311, CUZ x2! Quispicanchi: Murayaca-Marcapata-Quispicanchi, 1646 m, 7 XI 2005, Villafuerte 66, CUZ! Marcapata, Entre Ttio y Mancora, 1953 m, 5 II 2006, Villafuerte 199, CUZ! Marcapata, Antes de Ttio, valle de Marcapata, 1850 m, 18 II 1966, Vargas 17118, CUZ x2! AMES! Vilcabamba: Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Oyara, Cedropata, 2133 m, 19 II 2007, Valenzuela 8740, AMO! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Selva central, 1 V 2011, Morón s.n., digital photo, AMO! (photo voucher). Cusco: km 87 along railway to Machu Picchu, in the Vilcanota canyon, 2500 m, 8 II 1999, M. León & Collantes 2853 sub Bennett 7912, (cited in Bennett & Christenson 2001). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Distributed in Bolivia and southern Peru, on the eastern upper slope of the Andes. Epiphytic on Erythrina falcta Benth. “Pisonat” (Cusco) and lithophytic, 1700-2500 m altitude. Flowering from November to May. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum lanioides belongs to the Lanium Group, characterized by the caespitose habit, fusiform pseudobulbs to slightly fusiform, with 1-6 leaves along the upper half of the stem, paniculate inflorescence, rarely racemose, with a usually tomentose peduncle, lax, erect to arched; bicallose to ecallose, simple or trilobate lip. The specie has plants 7-19 cm tall, with fusiform pseudobulbs, bifoliate, leaves oblong-ligulate, obtuse, a short inflorescence about the length of the leaves, racemose, sepals spreading, lanceolate, petals spreading, acute, margin entire, glabrous, a 3-lobed lip, lateral lobes transversely ovate, acute, a triangular-lanceolate mid-lobe, with 3 thin parallel ribs, the mid-rib elongate. Epidendrum ciliipetalum (Garay) Hágsater & E.Santiago has simple, cane-like stems, narrowly oblong-ovate leaves, sub-acute, paniculate inflorescence, sepals reflexed, aristate, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, petals reflexed, short acuminate, margin densely ciliate each cilium septate, generally branching, 3-lobed lip, lateral lobes ovate, redounded, with a prominent clinandrium-hood. NOTES: The material from Peru is ostensibly vegetatively larger than the type from eastern Bolivia, (pseudobulbs 2.5-3.5 cm long, leaves 3.0-4.5 cm long, fide Schlechter) but the illustration of a flower of the type is clearly the same (Mansfeld, 1930), as are the size of the floral segments. The illustration published by Bennett & Christenson (2007) shows the inner margin of the lateral lobes of the lip irregular erosedentate, but the photograph of the same collection published by Collantes shows an entire margin. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Though widespread, we have no information on the populations, which from the few collections registered would seem scarce. ETYMOLOGY: from the Latin lana, wool, and the suffix -ioides, resembling, in reference to the similarity of this species to those of the genus Lanium Lindl. but with all the parts glabrous. Schlechter (1913) concludes that with this species, the genus Lanium is no longer sustainable. REFERENCES: Bennett Jr, D.E. & E.A. Christenson, 2001, Epidendrum lanioides in Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum t. 640. Collantes, B., C. Soto & J. Koechlin, 2007, Epidendrum lanioides, Orquídeas Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel, p. 120. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2007, Epidendrum ciliipetalum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 918. Mansfeld, R., 1930, Epidendrum lanioides in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 58: t. 42, fig. 168. Vásquez Ch., R., & P.L. Ibisch (eds.), 2004, Orquídeas de Bolivia; Diversidad y estado de conservación 2: 123. 12 Authors: A. Cisneros & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Morón de Abad Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1731 EPIDENDRUM LEUCONANUM Hágsater & L.Valenz. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1732 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM LEUCONANUM Hágsater et L.Valenz., sp. nov. Type: PERU: Dept. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa: Dist. Huancabamba; Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, sector Tunqui, 1807 m, 13 II 2009, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rigoberto Rivera, José Luis Mateo & Jordán 35253, (LCDP & photo voucher). Holotype: HOXA! Isotypes: MO! USM! Similar to Epidendrum tingo-mariae Hágsater but flowers larger, sepals 5.5 x 2.0 mm (vs. sepals 4.5 x 2.0 mm), petals comparatively short, nearly half as long as sepals (vs. petals slightly shorter than sepals), mid-lobe of lip narrowly triangular, 2 mm long (vs. triangular, 1.7 mm long) and lateral-lobes of lip about 1/3 the length of mid-lobe (vs. about 1/2 the length of the mid-lobe ), and column straight (vs. column arched). Epiphytic, caespitose herb, pendent, branched, new stems produced from the base of the previous stem in older plants, 5.5-19 cm long. Roots 1 mm in diameter, basal, simple. Stems 4.5-19 x 0.2-0.5 cm laterally compressed, ancipitose, completely covered by evanescent, imbricating, foliaceous sheaths. Leaves articulate, unequal, progressively smaller, evenly distributed throughout the stems, lanceolate, acute, succulent; sheaths 4.0-10 x 2.0-4.0 mm, tubular, strongly laterally compressed, ancipitose; blade 0.9-3.8 x 0.3-0.9 cm, lanceolate, twisted so as to be on the same plane as the stem, spreading. Inflorescence ca. 1.9 cm long, apical and axillary, short racemose sessile, up to 10 flowered, in opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair; peduncle 0.5 cm long, very short; rachis 1.01.4 cm long completely covered by bracts. Flowers 7-9, simultaneous, resupinate, pale greenish white; fragrance not registered. Floral bracts 3.0-7.0 mm long, decreasing, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute. Ovary 5-10 mm long, thin, not inflated, terete, striated. Sepals 5.5 x 2.0 mm, spreading, acute, 3-veined with a pair of secondary veins, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate; lateral sepals elliptic. Petals 3.0 x 0.3 mm, linear, acute, 1-veined, spreading, margin entire, spreading. Lip 3.7 x 3.2 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, triangular in general form, base truncate, fleshy, margin slightly erose; bicallose, the calli basal, small, globose, disc with a low mid-rib; lateral lobes 1.1 x 1.3 mm, obliquely ovate, divaricate, apex obtuse, about 1/3 the length of the triangular; mid-lobe 2.0 x 1.5 mm, triangular, somewhat arcuate, apex narrowly rounded, margin entire, thick. Column ca. 3.2 mm, straight. Clinandrium prominent, surpassing the body, covering the anther completely, entire, lateral margin somewhat widely dentate. Anther reniform. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen, apparently short, without penetrating the pedicellate ovary. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Dept. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa: Dist. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector San Daniel, 2025 m, 1 III 2009, Vásquez 35477, HOXA, HUT, MO, MOL, USM! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known only from the eastern slope of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes in central Peru, from the Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, sector Tunqui, at 1800 m altitude. Epiphytic in primary montane forest on hills. Flowering in February. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum leuconanum belongs to the Nanum Group, which is characterized by the Dichaea-like horizontal or pendulous stems, the inflorescence produced by pairs of opposite flowers without spathes, but with prominent floral bracts. The new species is recognized by the pale greenish white flowers and the thin pedicellate ovary, not inflated by the nectary; petals about half as long as the sepals. Epidendrum tingo-mariae Hágsater has an arched column with a prominent, erose clinandrium, green flowers, the anther also green, and the short nectary that does not penetrate further than the perianth. Epidendrum vesicinanum Hágsater & L.Valenz. grows in the same general area but in sclerophyllous forest on white sand and is easily distinguished by the smaller lateral lobes of the lip, green flowers and inflated pedicellate ovary behind the perianth. Epidendrum integrinanum Hágsater, from the Cordillera del Cóndor in Ecuador, has large, caespitose plants (about ca. 6-30 cm long), widely lanceolate leaves, cream-greenish tone flowers, the ovary clearly inflated by the deep nectary, dorsal sepal oblanceolate, lateral sepals oblanceolate-elliptic (9.3-9.6 x 2.5-2.6 mm), and by the small subentire lip, 4.0 x 2.5 mm, the mid-lobe triangular (longer than wide) and the lateral lobes very reduced, hemi-orbicular and redounded. Epidendrum bonitense Hágsater & Dodson has long plants (10-30 cm), stems horizontal to hanging, all covered with ancipitose sheaths, flowers glaucous green with a faint purple tinge, a long ovary (12 mm), long sepals and petals (12 mm and 10 mm, respectively), a 3-lobed lip (5 mm long) with mid-lobe sub-rectangular. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek λευκο, white, and νανος, dwarf, in reference to the white flowers which distinguish this species, especially from the sympatric Epidendrum vesicinanum. Both belong to the Nanum Group. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum tingo-mariae, in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 388. E. Hágsater, & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum bonitense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 113. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum integrinanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1729. Hágsater, E., & L. Valenzuela, 2019, Epidendrum vesicinanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1755. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & L. Valenzuela G. Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Vásquez & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Vásquez Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1732 EPIDENDRUM MACROILINIZAE Hágsater, Cisneros & J.Duarte THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1733 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MACROILINIZAE Hágsater, Cisneros et J.Duarte, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Prov: Cotopaxi: Cantón: Sigchos: por camino Sigchos-Latacunga, desviación hacia Cooperativa Cerro Azul, arriba de Cerro Azul, 3000 m, 22 IV 2018, Eric Hágsater, Gerardo A. Salazar, Francisco Tobar, Itzi Fragoso & Marcia Peñafiel 15805. Holotype: QCNE! (LCDP and photo voucher) Similar to Epidendrum ilinizae Hágsater & Dodson, especially in the cordiform lip, but the plant upright, pseudobulbs aggregate (vs. plant pendent, leaves along an elongate rhizome, without pseudobulbs), flowers larger pinkish brown with the lip wine red, (vs. flowers dark wine red overall), sepals 15-17 mm long (vs. sepals 10-13 mm long). Epiphytic, caespitose, sympodial, sub-arcuate herb, 6.2-9.0 cm tall. Roots 1.0-2.7 mm in diameter, fleshy, white. Stems 1.5-2.1 x 0.490.56 cm, thickened into an oblong pseudobulb, short, dark green, covered by non-foliar sheaths 2.1 x 1.0 cm, amplexicaul, striated when dry. Leaves 4.1-8.1 x 1.7-1.8 cm, a single leaf at the apex of pseudobulb, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, fleshy, coriaceous, smooth with a dorsal keel, green above, tinged purple towards the margins and underside, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence produced from the previous years' growth, when the new growth has reached its full size, apical, sessile, racemose with 2 successive flowers, much shorter than the leaf; peduncle reduced, covered by 3 bracts, 6.0-7.0 x 4.0 mm, widely ovate, apiculate, imbricate. Flowers 2, opening in succession, resupinate, sepals and petals pinkish brown, column pink dotted over white, lip wine red; without fragrance. Floral bracts shorter than the ovary, triangular-lanceolate, embracing. Ovary 17 mm, pedicellate, terete, thin, slightly thicker towards the apex, striated. Sepals 15-17 x 5.3-6.0 mm, fleshy, acuminate, glabrous, 5-veined, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, spreading, reflexed, free; lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, partly spreading, recurvate at the apex, obliquely adnate to the column, margins somewhat revolute. Petals 14 x 4.2 mm, spreading, reflexed, free, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-veined, margins entire. Lip 14 x 10 mm, united to the column, cordiform, base auriculate, apex short-apiculate, somewhat concave in natural position, margin minutely erose especially from the sides towards the base; ecallose, disc with a low, thin keel along the apical half, with a lighter, whitish-pink spot at the base of the disc. Column 9 mm, thick, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther cordiform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, slightly laterally compressed, yellow; caudicles short, granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma short, occupying 1/3 of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary shallow without penetrating the ovary just the column, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Endemic to Ecuador. Known presently only from the type, in the valley southwest of the twin Ilinizas mountains, in high Andean forest, at 3000 m altitude, at the edge of the Reserva Ecológica Los Ilinizas. Epiphytic on small trees. Flowering in April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum macroilinizae belongs to the Kaloptenix group, Serpens Subgroup characterized by the aggregate, globose pseudobulbs with fleshy-coriaceous leaves, a sessile inflorescence, one to few fleshy, compact, star-shaped flowers, often burgundy red in color, and lip entire, more or less cordiform. The new species is recognized by the single leaved pseudobulb, sessile inflorescence with 2 pinkish brown flowers, the lip wine red, reflexed long sepals (lateral sepals about 17 mm long), lateral sepals, with apex recurved, acuminate, reflexed oblong-lanceolate petals (about 14 mm long), acute, and the lip cordiform, base auriculate, apex short apiculate, somewhat concave in natural position, margin erose especially from the sides towards the base, ecallose, and disc with a low thin mid-rib on the apical half. Epidendrum ilinizae Hágsater & Dodson has very similar flowers and lip shape, but these are smaller, sepals 10-13 mm long, plants are pendent with a single wine red flower. Epidendrum serpens Lindl. has 2-3 leaves per pseudobulb, 4-5 simultaneous flowers, leaves ovate-lanceolate, petals linear-lanceolate, and lip sub-rounded–ovate. Epidendrum pachycoleum Hágsater, O.Pérez & E.Santiago has an erect plant, 1-2-leaved, aggregate, homoblastic pseudobulbs, elliptic leaves, the apical one often much reduced, flowers reddish-violet color, sometimes 2 open at one time, sepals 7.0-7.3 mm long, lip apiculate, disc with a wide, low, central, promient rib that elongates to the apicule. Epidendrum platyphylloserpens Hágsater has pendent plants, smaller, pale green flowers, sepals 10-11 mm long, lip semi-orbicular, base truncate, apex rounded. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin macro, larger, and Los Ilinizas mountains, in reference to the similarity of the flowers of this species to that of Epidendrum ilinizae, but larger. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Date deficient. Presently known only from the type. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 20160045, Insituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 2001, Epidendrum platyphylloserpens in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 473. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1999, Epidendrum ilinizae in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruzs (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 337. Hágsater, E., O. Pérez & E. Santiago, 2013, Epidendrum pachycoleum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 10, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1466. Lindley, J., 1844, Epidendrum serpens Lindl. in G. Bentham (ed.) Pl. Hartw. [Bentham], p. 149. Authors: E. Hágsater, A. Cisneros & J. Duarte Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Jiménez M. & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1733 EPIDENDRUM MAGNICALLOSUM C.Schweinf. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1734 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MAGNICALLOSUM C.Schweinf. Type: PERU: Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 m, July 1937, Guillermo Klug 10117. Holotype: AMES 61552! Isotype: US 1455968! Nomenclatural Synonym: Encyclia magnicallosa (C.Schweinf.) Pabst, Orquídea (Río de Janeiro) 29(6): 276. 1967, publ. 1972. Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, erect to pendent herb, to 33 cm long. Roots 1 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thin. Stem 11.1-16.3 x 0.1-0.3 cm, simple, cane-like, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed above, thin, concealed by tubular, imbricating sheaths 32-42 x 1-3 mm, smooth, evanescent with time. Leaf 1, 8-20.5 x 0.8-1.2 cm, apical, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, deep green, the base embracing the base of the inflorescence, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 10-30.4 cm long, apical, thin, straight to slightly arching; peduncle 8.5-27 cm long, totally hidden by tubular, acuminate, imbricating sheaths [with sheaths 8-10 mm long, tubular], pluri-racemose, the racemes from within the apical bract 5-6 x 1.7 mm, at the apex of the peduncle of the inflorescence, conduplicate, acute; the racemes 2.5-3.0 cm long, filiform, sinuous, nearly totally covered by the floral bracts, new racemes produced in succession over several years, from the apex and from sub-apical internodes of the peduncle. Floral bracts 4-7 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, ovate, acute, somewhat tubular at base. Ovary 13.4-25.7 mm long, terete, furrowed, forming an inflated ventral vesicle behind the perianth. Flowers 1-4 per raceme, successive, developing one at a time, sub-campanulate, sepals pale pink, petals and lip white, column and anther pale green; fragrance lacking. Sepals 6.9-7.5 x 4.8-5.0 mm, free, partly spreading, ovate widely-elliptic, acute, 6-7 veined, margin entire, spreading. Petals 6.76.9 x 3.7-3.8 mm, free, partly spreading, obovate to oblanceolate, acute, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 5.4-6.0 x 5.9-8.0 mm, united to the column, entire, sub-orbicular-obovate, base somewhat cuneate, apex truncate, apiculate in the wide apical sinus, margins entire, spreading; bicallose, the calli prominent, upright, forming a channel as wide as the entrance of the nectary, disc thickened and sulcate, formed by a narrow channel with an additional rib on each side, in front of the calli, and ending in a thickened mid-rib which nearly reaches the apical sinus. Column 2.0 mm long, very short, thick. Clinandrium-hood short, margin slightly sinuous. Anther ovoid, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles somewhat longer than the pollinia, granulose, in two pairs; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary penetrating ¼ of the pedicel, forming an inflated vesicle. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro; Taparacuara, Rio Negro, 28 X 1971, Prance 15638, INPA! São Gabriel da Cachoeira; Morro dos Seis Lagos Igarapé Ya-mirim, 20 IV 2008, Assis 55, INPA! Vista Alegre, margem do Rio Negro e foz do Rio Xie, 22 X 1987, Farney 1757, INPA! Porto Camanaus, 19 X 1978, Madison 6426, INPA! SEL! Basin of Rio Negro, 31 X 1971, Prance 15869, INPA! HB! Morro dos Seis Lagos Igarapé Ya-mirim, 20 IV 2008, 332 m, Terra-Araujo 296, INPA! Ibid. 330 m, 27 V 2008, Terra-Araujo 300, INPA! Rio Icana, Comunidades Jauacana, 93 m, 30 VI 2009, Terra-Araujo 630, INPA! COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Río Piraparaná (tributary of Río Apaporis), Caño Tumueña, Savannah O-koo'-mé-gwa, 06 IX 1952, Schultes 17221, AMES! (Illustration voucher) Río Kuduyarí (tributary of Río Vaupés); middle and lower course, 700 m, 16 X 1952, Schultes 17885, AMES! PERÚ: Loreto: Carretera Iquitos-Nauta, zona reservada Allopahuayo-Mishaua, 156 m, 04 III 2002, Fernández 12, USM! Iquitos, Allpahuayo. Estación experimental del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), 04 XI 1990, Vázquez 14582, MO! VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Carretera Maroa-Yavita, hasta los puentes después de Boca Chico, 120 m, 23 I 1998, Romero 3170, VEN! Distrito Maroa: cuenca del Itinividi, alto Mee, entre el campamento base y su unión con el caño Desecho, 80 m, Romero 4047, VEN! Cuenca del Itinividi, riveras del alto Mee, 100 m, 17 IX 2011, Romero 4068, VEN! Río Negro, 1 to 2 km E and SE of San Carlos de Río Negro, 120 m, 11 XI 1987, Liesner 22969, F! MO! VEN! Caño 12 km NE de San Carlos de Río Negro; (ca. 20 km of confluence of Río Negro and Brazo Casiquiare), 120 m, 15 IV 1979, Liesner 6661, MO! VEN! 1 km from road, between Caño Tremblador and Huachica. 10 km NE of San Carlos and Río Negro, 120 m, 19 IX 1977, Liesner 3656, MO! VEN! OTHER RECORDS: COLOMBIA: Caquetá: Mun. Solano Araracuara, 350 m, Uribe CUV_0979, digital images, AMO! PERÚ: Pasco: Oxapampa: Puerto Bermudez, 250 m, 21 VIII 1991, Castillo ex Bennett 5226, spirit, USM VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Near San Carlos de Río Negro, Berry 1548, AMES! SEL! Illustration, Dunsterville 1343, (Dunsterville, 1986). Carretera Maroa-Yavita, hasta los puentes después de Boca Chico, 120 m, 23 I 1998, Romero 3170, digital image, AMO! (photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Widespread along the upper Amazon basin, at the foot of the Andes from Venezuela to Peru; epiphytic at 80-700 m. Epiphytic near the ground in oligotrophic forests on trees on white sands, known as “varillales” in Peru. Flowering from September to June. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum magnicallosum belongs to the Physinga Group which is characterized by to the generally small, caespitose plants, the inflorescence apical and racemose producing new racemes with time and thus pluri-racemose, the successive flowers opening one at a time on an elongate peduncle with acuminate bracts, the lip entire and the ovary with a prominent vesicle. The species is recognized by the thin stem 11.1-16.3 x 0.1-0.3 cm, with a single apical leaf, linear-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, 8-20.5 x 0.8-1.2 cm, inflorescence 10-27.7 cm long, peduncle thin, producing new racemes from subapical internodes with time, flowers campanulate, pale pink with petals and lip white, sepals 6.9-7.5 mm long, lip 5.4-6.0 x 5.9-8.0 mm, entire, sub-orbicular-obovate, base somewhat cuneate, apex truncate, apiculate in the wide apical sinus, margins entire, spreading; bicallose, the calli prominent, upright, forming a channel as wide as the entrance of the nectary, disc thickened and sulcate, formed by a narrow channel with an additional rib on each side, in front of the calli, and ending in a thickened mid-rib which nearly reaches the apical sinus. Epidendrum cystosum Ames has 3-6 leaves distributed through the stem, and a short inflorescence 1.5-4.5 cm long, lip sub-orbicular, sub-acute, 5 x 5 mm, bicallose, and 5 narrow ribs on the disc. Epidendrum ceticaudatum Rinc.-González, Villanueva & E.Santiago, has 4-8 leaves distributed along the apical half of the stem, a long inflorescence 15-22 mm long, peduncle zig-zag with large flowers, sepals 13 mm long, pink, a white lip 6 x 9 mm, convex, bicallose, with 3 ribs, shaped like the tail of a whale. Epidendrum hellerianum A.D.Hawkes is 30-50 cm tall, with 5-7 leaves, inflorescence zig-zag, sepals 25-30 mm long, and lip 3-lobed, apex deflexed. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Deficient. Widespread throughout the upper Amazon Basin, and apparently rare with population of numerous individuals where it is found. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the large thickening of the disc, which forms a large thick structure together with the calli. REFERENCES: Bennett Jr., & E.A. Christenson, 1995, Epidendrum magnicallosum in Icon. Orchid. Peruv. Pl. 244. D.E. Dunsterville, G.C.K., 1986, Epidendrum magnicallosum, Lindleyana 1(4): 244-245. Hamer, F., 1982, Epidendrum hellerianum, in F. Hamer, Orchids of Nicaragua, in C.H. Dodson (ed.), Icon. Pl. Trop. 8: t. 718. Hamer, F., 1985, Epidendrum cystosum Ames, in C.H. Dodson (ed.), Icon. Pl. Trop. 13: t. 1218. Rincón-González, M., B. Villanueva & E. Santiago 2015, Epidendrum ceticaudatum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 11, Icon. Orchid. 15(1): t. 1511. Authors: E. Santiago & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jimenez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: G. A. Romero Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1734 EPIDENDRUM MAGNISAXICOLA Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1735 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MAGNISAXICOLA Hágsater, Edquén et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Amazonas; Prov. Chachapoyas: Dist. Granada: Comunidad Campesina de Diosan, 3074 m, 14 agosto 2018, José Dilmer Edquén Oblitas 584. Holotype: HURP! (LCDP and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum saxicola Kraenzl. but the flowers greenish yellow with the sepals tinged brown (vs. flowers dirty purple, lip white, tinged purple), sepals 24-25 mm long (vs. sepals 15 mm long), petals 25 x 4 mm, oblanceolate (vs. petals 13 x 2.5 mm, linearoblanceolate) and lip 13.5 x 11 mm, ovate-rhombic (vs. lip sub-orbicular to obscurely pentagonal). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, climbing herb, 13 cm tall. Roots 2.0-2.2 mm in diameter, distributed throughout the rhizome, thin. Stems 3.0-4.0 x 1.1-1.3 cm, thickened, forming fusiform pseudobulbs, striated and rugose; covered by a single sheath 3.8-4.2 cm long, membranaceous, brown, translucent, becoming fibrous. Leaves 1, 4.3-6.5 x 1.4-1.7 cm, apical, articulate, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse, margin entire, spreading, copper-brown when young during flowering, turning green when mature. Spathe 1, 3.2-5.3 cm long, tubular, oblong, conduplicate, apex rounded, copper-brown. Inflorescence 6.8 cm long, including the flowers, apical from the developing stem, when the leaf has reached its full length, sub-erect, few-flowered, racemose; peduncle 4.0-4.8 cm long, terete, thin, straight, erect, creamy brown, about as long as the spathe and nearly totally hidden within it. Floral bracts 2.0-3.0 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular-ovate, acute, embracing, cream colored. Ovary 3.0-5.0 cm long, terete, straight, ventrally inflated along the apical half, furrowed. Flowers 2, simultaneous, resupinate, pale greenish yellow, sepals tinged brown, anther white; fragrance not registered. Sepals 24-25 x 6.5-7.0 mm, partly spreading, free, oblong-elliptic, 5-veined, obtuse, margin entire, spreading; lateral sepals slightly oblique, dorsally slightly carinate towards the apex. Petals 25 x 4.0 mm, partly spreading, free, oblanceolate, 1-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 13.5 x 11 mm, united to the column, entire, ovate-rhombic when spread, base truncate, apex obtuse, apex and basal lateral margins revolute in natural position; bicallose, the calli small, fleshy, somewhat laterally compressed, slightly divaricate; disc provided with a triangular mid-rib, apex acute, disappearing before reaching the apex. Column 14 mm long, thin at basal 1/3, gradually widening towards the apex, straight, ending in a very prominent clinandrium-hood and somewhat shorter rounded lateral lobes. Clinandrium-hood prominent, surpassing the body of the column, entire, margin crenate. Rostellum apical, slit. Anther subspherical, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles soft and granulose, as long as the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, occupying ¼ of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary penetrating nearly half of the pedicellate ovary, inflated and forming an elongate vesicle. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Cajamarca: Jaén, San José de la Alianza–Rinconada, 2600-2700 m, 17 III 2009, Vásquez 230, MOL! Pasco: Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Sector Chacos, 2850 m, 10 III 2005, Becerra 924, MO! (Illustration AMO) Ibid. Dist. Huancabamba, Sector Oso Playa, 2561 m, 26 XII 2010, Briceño 520, HOXA! USM OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Northern to central Peru, on the eastern slope of the Andes in the Departments of Cajamarca, Amazonas bordering on San Martin and Pasco, Epiphytic at 2561-3074 m. Flowering in August to March. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum magnisaxicola belongs to the Saxicola Group characterized by the pseudobulbous stems, caespitose or scandent habit, the surface of the vegetative structures often rugose, the prominent spathaceous bract apically rounded, few-flowered, erect inflorescence, the flowers purple or yellow. The new species is recognized by the large flowers, sepals 24-25 mm long, pale greenish yellow, the sepals tinged brown, oblanceolate petals 25 x 4 mm, lip 13.5 x 11 mm, entire, ovate-rhombic, base truncate, revolute in natural position. It is similar to Epidendrum saxicola which has purple flowers with a white lip, tinged purple, sepals 15 mm long, petals 13 x 2.5 mm, lip sub-orbicular to obscurely pentagonal. Epidendrum harmsianum Kraenzl. has sulfur-yellow, smaller flowers, sepals 16 mm long, lip transversely ovate-oblong, base sub-cordate. Epidendrum macrogastrium Kraenzl. also has smaller, yellow flowers sepals 12 mm long, petals 10 x 1.0-1.2 mm, linear, and lip widely cordiform. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin, magnis, large, and saxicola, saxum, rock and colére, dwelling, thus rock-dwelling, in reference to the comparatively large flowers of this species compared to those of Epidendrum saxicola which it closely resembles. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections made under project “Efecto de la fragmentación de hábitats de bosque alto andino en diversidad de Orchidaceae y Bromeliaceae del anexo de Diosán, Distrito de Granadas, Amazonas” emitido bajo la resolución de Dirección General (RDG) N° 137-2018-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS; correspondiéndole el Código de Autorización N° AUT-IFL-2018-025. REFERENCES: Bennett, D.E., & E.A. Christenson, 1998, Epidendrum harmsianum, in E.A. Christenson (ed), Icon. Orchid. Peruvianum, pl. 461. Kränzlin, F.W.L., 1905, Epidendrum macrogastrium in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 187. Kränzlin, F.W.L., 1905, Epidendrum saxicola in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 187. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater, J. D. Edquén & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: J. D. Edquén & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: J. D. Edquén Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1735 EPIDENDRUM MAMAPACHAE Hágsater, F.O.Espinosa & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1736 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MAMAPACHAE Hágsater, F.O.Espinosa et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Prov. Neira, Mun. Garagoa, Vereda Quigua, 2299 m, 19 marzo 2018, Freddy Orlando Espinosa Gamboa 106. Holotype: HECASA!* (LCDP and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum isthmii Schltr. but the flowers green, apex of the column, calli and ribs of the lip cream colored (vs. flowers green, disc of the lip white), flowers smaller, sepals 10.5-12.0 mm long (vs. 13.0-15.5 mm long), petals 9.5 x 1 mm, filiform (vs. 13-15 x 2 mm, linear-oblanceolate, not filiform). Epiphytic and semi-terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose, erect to arching-pendent herb, 30-244 cm tall. Roots 2.0-2.5 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thickened, white. Stems 14-180 x 0.4 cm, simple, cane-like, terete. Leaves 6-13 or more, sheaths 2.7 x 0.4 cm, tubular; blade 2.8-16.0 x 1.0-2.9 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, margin entire, somewhat revolute. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 14-18 cm long, apical, paniculate, 1 branched, the branch about twice as long as the main raceme, the branch sometimes producing 1-2 short 2-3 flowered branches; peduncle 9-10 cm long, sheathed by 2 long, tubular, triangular acuminate bracts 1.5-5.0 cm long, not imbricated, the second bract above the middle of the peduncle, much smaller. Floral bracts to 10 mm long, shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 12-18 mm long, terete, somewhat thickened along the apical half. Flowers 19-30, opening in succession, resupinate, green, the apex of the column, calli and ribs of the lip cream colored; fragrance none. Sepals 10.5-12.0 x 3-4 mm, spreading, oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, 5-veined, margins entire, spreading. Petals 9.5 x 1.0 mm, partly spreading, arched forward, filiform, apex rounded, 1-veined. Lip 6.0 x 7.5 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, sides reflexed in natural position when mature; calli elongate, parallel, short, barely surpassing the column, disc with 3 parallel ribs, the mid-rib longer reaching the isthmus of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes 2.5 x 4.5 mm, dolabriform, distal margin entire, somewhat bilobate; mid-lobe 2 x 4 mm, a short wide isthmus with a pair of triangular, divergent lobules 1.7 x 1.0 mm, acute at the apex, forming a transverse, semi-lunate apex. Column 7.5-8.5 mm long, thin, dilated towards the apex, somewhat arched. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Rostellum apical, slit. Anther obovoid, 4celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed, caudicles soft and granulose, longer than the pollinia. Nectary narrow, slightly penetrating the ovary. Capsule 55 x 16 mm, ellipsoid; pedicel 15 x 2-4 mm, progressively thickened, body 34 x 16 mm, apical neck thick, 6 x 4 mm, sepals persistent. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from the summit of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes, in the municipality of Garagoa, southeastern Boyacá, on the Mamapacha Massif, Found in conserved Andean forest, at 2300 m altitude. Flowering from March. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum mamapachae belongs to the Pseudepidendrum Group which is characterized by caespitose plants, canelike stems, acute to acuminate leaves, usually apical inflorescence without any spathes, though it may have several bracts, the mostly filiform petals, the lip usually 3-lobed (with 3 parallel fleshy keels), the apical lobe often bifurcate, the “bird-wing” type pollinia, at least the inner pair; and Paniculatum Subgroup, which has filiform petals, all pollinia “bird-wing” type, green and white flowers often marked with purple on the disc of the lip and apex of the column. The new species is recognized by flowers green, apex of the column and calli and ribs of the lip cream colored, lacking fragrance, sepals 10.5-12.0 cm long, petals filiform, 9.5 x 1.0 mm, lateral lobes of lip strongly reflexed, and the mid-lobe spreading. Epidendrum isthmoides Hágsater & E.Santiago has creamy green flowers, sepals 9-10 mm, petals 9 x 0.3 mm, lateral lobes of lip rectangular with margin dentate, lip slightly concave in natural position, and ovary papillose. Epidendrum jacarandichromum Hágsater, E.Santiago et Uribe Vélez has the peduncle of the inflorescence with 1-3 large, conduplicate, brown bracts, similar to those subtending the lower branches of the inflorescence, the lip of the flower with sub-reniform lateral lobes, the corners rounded, the calli of the lip usually lavender-blue, the color spreading from the calli onto the sides of the disc except for the white ribs on the disc, and lobes of the mid-lobe arched, apex rounded, margin entire. Epidendrum isthmii Schltr. is characterized by the lateral lobes of the lip sub-rectangular to ax-shaped, corners right-angled, calli and disc of the lip white, the margin of the lip being often green, and the lobes of the mid-lobe are nearly straight, apex truncate, margin irregular. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Presently only known from the type locality. NOTE: HECASA = Herbario Catatumbo Sarare, Universidad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of the Mamapacha Massif, where the species was collected. Mama Pacha, in the tradition of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of Garagoa, was the matron of a family of Mohanes (mythological figures in Colombian folklore) that lived atop the hill above the town and who dominated the devils of the mountain range. In times of great draught, she would order the Mohanes to go down to the town and kidnap the most beautiful maiden to be sacrificed in a special ceremony. Where the blood of the maiden dropped, a water source would surface and thus the lake and canyons of the town were produced. Not to be confused with Pachamama, the fertility goddess of the Incas. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., E. Santiago, C. Uribe Vélez, 2018, Epidendrum jacarandichromum, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1630. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2008, Epidendrum isthmii, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1132. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2008, Epidendrum isthmoides, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1133. 14 Authors: E. Hágsater, F. O. Espinosa & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: F. O. Espinosa & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: F. O. Espinosa Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1736 EPIDENDRUM MANIESPINOSARUM Hágsater & F.O.Espinosa THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1737 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MANIESPINOSARUM Hágsater et F.O.Espinosa, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Prov.: Neira, Mun.: Garagoa, Vereda Quigua, 2450 m, 2 septiembre 2018, Freddy Orlando Espinosa Gamboa 105 Holotype: HECASA!* (LCDP and photo voucher) Similar to Epidendrum clavadista Hágsater & Collantes, but without spathes, flowers resupinate (vs. non-resupinate), small, sepals 12.713.9 mm long, (vs. sepals 20 mm long), lip entire, triangular (vs. lip shallowly 3-lobed, lateral lobes hemi-orbicular, mid-lobe triangular). Epiphytic, caespitose, sympodial, erect herb, 40 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 3 mm in diameter, basal, from the somewhat scandent rhizome, thick, fleshy. Stems 23 x 0.2-0.4 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, straight, the basal 2/3 covered by tubular, non-foliar sheaths 15-35 x 0.4 cm. Leaves ca. 5, distributed along the apical 1/3 of the stem, sub-erect, articulate, unequal, progressively larger; sheaths 0.8-4.1 x 0.2-0.4 cm, tubular, smooth; blade 4-10 x 1.3-2.0 cm, lanceolate-elliptic, acute, sulcate, bright green, margins entire, spreading. Spathes lacking. Inflorescence 20 cm long, apical, paniculate with a short branch near the middle, laxly few-flowered; peduncle 7 cm long, erect, straight, terete. Floral bracts 6-7 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular-linear, acuminate. Flowers ca. 7, simultaneous, resupinate, sepals pale green somewhat tinged brown, petals pale green, column white, sometimes tinged purple towards the apex, lip white; fragrance none. Ovary 30-46 mm long, terete, longitudinally furrowed. Sepals free, somewhat reflexed, membranaceous, narrowly oblong-elliptic, acuminate, 3-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepal 12.7 x 3.3 mm, lateral sepals 13.9 x 3.9 mm. Petals 13.0 x 1.4 mm, somewhat reflexed and slightly down-wards, linear-oblanceolate, acute, membranaceous, 3-veined, margin entire, revolute. Lip 5.8 x 7.0 mm, united to the column, entire, triangular, base truncate, the side angles rounded, apex sub-acute; margins entire; bicallose, the calli prominent, divergent, laminar, with 3 low, short, narrow, parallel ribs on the disc. Column 8 mm long, thin, slightly arching. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther spherical, unornamented, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, the inner pair slightly smaller, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles granulose, about as long as the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Prov. Guavio: Mun. Gachetá; Vereda Salinas, predio Paramera, 2130 m, rec. 30 V 2019, Carlo Da Ros 728, digital image, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the type locality in the municipality of Garagoa, southwestern Boyacá, near the Mamapacha Massif, and neighboring Cundinamarca, some 40 km distant, upper western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes NE of Bogotá. Found in conserved remanants of Andean forest, at 2130-2450 m altitude. Flowering in September. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum maniespinosarum does not match any group well, and thus I propose a new group for this species, the Maniespinosarum Group, which has caespitose habit, erect paniculate inflorescence, without spathe, few, laxly spaced resupinate flowers, a simple triangular, bicallose lip. It is somewhat reminiscent of the Herrenhusanum Group, recognized by the caespitose, sympodial habit, the erect racemose inflorescence subtended by a narrow, long spathe, and non-resupinate flowers. The new species is recognized by the unequal, progressively larger leaves 4.0-10 x 1.3-2.0 cm, lack of any visible spathes, resupinate flowers green, column white, sometimes tinged purple towards the apex, lip white; sepals 12.7-13.9 mm long, the lip entire, triangular, with the side angles rounded, the apex sub-acute. Epidendrum clavadista Hágsater & Collantes has linear-lanceolate leaves 0.3-0.5 cm wide, small, nonresupinate flowers, sepals 9-10 mm long, ochre-yellow, the base of the petals white, apex ochre-yellow, the column and lip white, the apex of the column marked in purple, lip shallowly 3-lobed, mid-lobe of the lip triangular. Epidendrum herrenhusanum Hágsater from between Bucaramanga and Pamplona, Colombia, has larger flowers, sepals 20 mm long, flowers entirely bronzy-yellow, except for the green column, and mid-lobe of the ovate-acuminate lip; petals are linear. Epidendrum yambrasbambense Hágsater, from Amazonas, Peru, also has very narrow leaves, 0.3-0.5 cm, but greenish white flowers, similar in size, sepals 9-10 mm long, the lip equally 3-lobed, but the mid-lobe square, apex slightly emarginate; petals free, spreading. Epidendrum veroreveloi Hágsater & Dodson from Ecuador has wider leaves, 1.6 cm wide, larger copper-green flowers, apical half of the column apple-green, sepals 15-16 mm long, and lip entire, ovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse, petals free, spreading. NOTE: HECASA = Herbario Catatumbo Sarare, Universidad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of the two children of the collector and second author, Mariana and Nicolás Espinosa Barriga, who accompanied the collector in the field. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & B. Collantes M., Epidendrum clavadista, in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1609. Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum herrenhusanum, in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 333. Hágsater, E., 2001, Epidendrum yambrasbambense, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 500. Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum veroreveloi, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 497. 14 Authors: E. Hágsater & F. O. Espinosa Herbario AMO LCDP: F. O. Espinosa & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: F. O. Espinosa Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1737 EPIDENDRUM MASSIF-HOTTENSE Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1738 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MASSIF-HOTTENSE Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: HAITI: Grand'Anse; Massif de la Hotte; Camp. Perrin; carretera a Jérémie; en derredor del cruce del Rivière Glace; 1 km antes del vado de río, lomas kársticas a la izquierda, 1 km adentro, rocas muy accidentadas; 800 m; collected 24 April 1982, cultivated at the Jardín Botánico Santo Domingo and later at AMO, Donald D. Dod 912, received 19 November 1986, cultivated at AMO, pressed 19 July 1987, Eric Hágsater 9134. Holotype: AMO! (illustration and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum polygonatum Lindl. but the leaves proportionately longer, 3.3-5.0 x 0.4-0.6 cm (vs. 2.8-3.9 x 0.4-0.7 cm), bracts of the peduncle of the inflorescence short, triangular, 2-3 mm long (vs. long, tubular, acuminate, 5-10 mm), lip 4.4 x 6.7 mm, reniform, base slightly cordate (vs. 5 x 12 mm, widely triangular to obcordiform, base widely cuneate). Lithophytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, 17-36 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, basal, thin. Stem 7.211.3 x 2-3 mm, simple, cane-like, thin, flexuous, terete. Leaves 9-12, alternate, distributed throughout the stem; sheaths tubular, striated; blade 3.3-5.0 x 0.4-0.6 cm, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acute, sub-coriaceous-succulent, green tinged purple, margin entire. Inflorescence 5.6-11.4 cm long, apical, from the mature growth, racemose, nutant, flowering in succession several times in a year, fractiflex; peduncle 4.1-12.3 cm long, with short triangular bracts 2-3 mm long, distant from each other; rachis zig-zag. Floral bracts 1-3 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, acute, embracing. Ovary 9.5 mm long, terete, inflated ventrally, forming a globose, elongate vesicle behind the perianth occupying 1/3 the length of the ovary, smooth. Flowers 7-16 per raceme, successive, opening one or two at a time, greenish pink, translucent, column green; fragrance not registered. Sepals 5-6 x 1-2 mm, spreading, slightly concave, ovate-lanceolate, sub-acute, 3-veined, membranaceous, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepals free, lateral sepals connate along the basal half. Petals 4.8-5.0 x 0.3-0.5 mm, linear, acute to obtuse, 1-veined, margins entire, spreading. Lip 4.4 x 6.7 mm, united to the column, entire, reniform, fleshy; bicallose, calli prominent, parallel, disc with 3-5 thick, low ribs, only the mid-rib reaching the apex of the lip. Column 3 mm long, straight, short, somewhat thicker towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther subquadrate, reniform, with a low rounded mid-rib; 4-celled. Pollinia 4, semi-obovate, laterally compressed, the inner edge straight and ending in a small apiculus; caudicles soft and granulose, slightly longer than the pollinia; viscidium viscous. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma half the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary deep, penetrating 1/3 of the pedicellate ovary, forming a vesicle behind the perianth, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: HAITI: Grand'Anse; Massif de la Hotte; Camp. Perrin; carretera a Jérémie; en derredor del cruce del Rivière Glace; 1 km antes del vado de río, lomas kársticas a la izquierda, 1 km adentro, rocas muy accidentadas; 800 m, colectada 24 IV 1982, florecida 22 julio 1982 en JBSD, Dod 912, Herb. Dod x 11! (seen and photographed 20 March 2000 at University of California, Berkeley, in office of Donald Dod, then retired). Rivière Glace, 750 m, 5 VIII 1945, Holdrige 2137, AMES! Sud: Massif de la Hotte, western group Tiburon, Morne Pentrer, 900 m, 27 VIII 1928, Ekman 10605, S! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Endemic to Haiti, on the Massif de la Hotte, a mountain range in southwestern Haiti, on the far western end of the Tiburon Peninsula, one of the most biologically diverse and significant areas of all of Hispaniola. Lithophytic on rocks with moss at 750-900 m altitude on karst hills. Flowering from April to August. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum massif-hottense belongs to the Physinga Group which is characterized by to the generally small, caespitose plants, the inflorescence apical and racemose producing new racemes with time and thus pluri-racemose, the successive flowers opening one at a time on an elongate peduncle with acuminate bracts, the lip entire and the ovary with a prominent vesicle. The species is recognized by leaves 3.3-5.0 x 0.4-0.6 cm, very short bracts on the peduncle of the inflorescence, 2-3 mm long, much shorter than the internodes, and lip 4.4 x 6.7 mm, reniform, base slightly cordate. Epidendrum polygonatum has 5-12 leaved stem, leaves shorter, 2.8-3.9 x 0.4-0.7 cm, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and the zig-zag inflorescence, with the bracts of the peduncle 5-11 mm long, surpassing the internodes, sepals small, 4-5 mm long, translucent pink, lip 5 x 12 mm, widely triangular-obcordiform, twice as wide as it is long. Epidendrum ceticaudatum Rinc.-González, Villanueva & E.Santiago, has arching stems 15-18 cm long, 4 leaves distributed along the apical half of stem, flowers larger, sepals 13-14 mm long, and lip 6.2 x 9.6 mm, bell-shaped when spread. Epidendrum physodes Rchb.f. has leaves 3.5-7 x 0.6-1.2 cm, flowers small, sepals 5-8 mm long, lip 3-5 x 4-7 mm transversely obovate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Probably endangered due to the highly restricted distribution and generally anthropogenic degradation of Haiti, as well as increased hurricane activity. REFERENCES: Dietrich, H., et. al., 2007, Epidendrum polygonatum [as Physinga polygonate] in Orchidaceae I, Flora de la República de Cuba 12(1): 86-87. A.R. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell. Rincón González, M., B. Villanueva & E. Santiago, 2015, Epidendrum ceticaudatum in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 11, Icon. Orchid. 15(1): t. 1511. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2008, Epidendrum physodes in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1159. 3 3 Author: E. Hágsater Illustrator: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Hágsater Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1738 EPIDENDRUM MEGAGASTRIUM Lindl. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1739 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MEGAGASTRIUM Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 3(Epidendrum): 49. 1853. Type: PERU: [Amazonas:] Province of Chachapoyas, Andrew Mathews s.n. Holotype: K! Photo of holotype: AMES! Isotypes: G! (illustration voucher). “Mathews 2838” ex Herb. Hookerianum, K! specimen with tracing of holotype, W 4358! Incomplete floral segments only, mounted in envelopes with other collections, W 55280! Lithophytic, sympodial, scandent herb. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter, produced from the rhizomatous base of the stem, scarce, terete, thin, white. Stems 10-13.5 x 0.4-0.8 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from the middle internodes of the previous stem, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered by sheaths 2.0-2.5 cm long, tubular, non-foliar, scarious and becoming fibrous with time. Leaves 4-7, aggregate at the apex of the stem, articulate, alternate, spreading, fleshy-coriaceous; sheaths 1.0-2.5 x 0.5-0.9 cm, tubular, infundibuliform when dry, minutely striated; blade 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.3 cm, elliptic, apex unequally bilobed, margin entire, spreading. Spathe 1, 24 x 16 mm (when spread), tubular at base, conduplicate towards the apex, membranaceous, margin entire. Inflorescence 7 cm long (including flowers), apical, racemose, few-flowered, erect; peduncle 2.4 cm long, totally hidden within the spathe, rachis very short. Floral bracts 7 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acute, embracing. Ovary 27-30 mm long, terete, base thin, slightly inflated ventrally along apical half. Flowers 3, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, fleshy, brown-orange, column pale green; fragrance not registered. Sepals 20.5 x 7.6 mm, obovate-elliptic, acute, 9-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal spreading, free; lateral sepals obliquely united to the base of column, partly spreading, minutely apiculate. Petals 18.5 x 4.7 mm, free, spreading, oblong-elliptic, acute, 5veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 11.4 x 10.0 mm, united to the column, entire, narrowly cordiform, base cordate, apex obtuse, margin entire, spreading; bicallose, calli narrow, fleshy, divergent; disc provided with 3 low ribs, the very evident mid-rib disappearing before reaching the apex, the lateral pair much shorter. Column 7 mm long, thin, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary deep, penetrating half the pedicellate ovary, narrow. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Without locality data, Bennett 3923, MOL! (copy of illustration prepared for Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum, unpublished, AMO!) Ancash: Huaylas, Huascarán National Park, Parón valley, 3700 m, 1 I 1985, Smith 8945, MO! USM! Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Drake s.n., P! Luya, Cerros Calla Calla, on road to Leimebamba, 3100 m, 22 VI 1964, Hutchison 5804, UC! Cajamarca: Above Celendín, on the road to Balsas, 24 VIII 1924, Gisno G74-40, E! above Balsas, on road to Celendín, 20 km W of Hacienda Limón, 2900 m, 17 XI 1964, Hutchinson 7029, AMES! F! K! MO! NY! US! Cusco: Quebrada Las Peñas, 3150 m, 12 XI 1976, Chávez 3510, MO! Aguas Calientes, km 88 camino Cuzco a Machu Picchu, 2400 m, 31 X 2000, Quispe 16, AMO (spirit and illustration) USM! Junín: Quebrada de Muruhuay, Dist. Acobamba, Prov. Tarma, 3141 m, 31 X 2013, Gutiérrez OJSYGU2, USM! Prov. Tarma, 2 km NE of Palca in valle of Río Tarma on road to San Ramón, 2700 m, 24 XI 1962, Iltis 31, AMES! WIS! Palca, 2700 m, VIII 1947, Soukup 3500, AMES! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Kuelap, Moron s.n., digital photo, AMO! (photo voucher). Cusco: Wataywasi, Galiano 10444, digital photo, AMO! Trail above Mollepata to Marqoqasa, Tony Revelo s.n., digital image in Naturalista (https://www.naturalista.mx/observations/20151765#activity_comment_3054769) Junín: Tarma, Acobamba, Huarcaya, 3129 m, 13 X 2013, R. Farfan s.n., digital photo, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Widely distributed in Peru along the Andes at 2700-3700 m, growing as lithophyte on rocky slopes. Flowering from August to January. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum megagastrium belongs to the geminiflorum group, characterized by the sympodial, scandent, straggling habit, the semi-ovate spathe, the erect stems with 3-10 coriaceous leaves, and few non-resupinate flowers, and the lip with laminar calli, disc flat. The species is recognized by the leaves elliptic, 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.3 cm, inflorescence 7 cm long including the 3 flowers, brown-orange, column pale green, sepals 20.5 x 7.6 mm, petals 18.5 x 4.7 mm, oblong-elliptic, lip narrowly cordiform, obtuse, with an obvious mid-rib and two very short lateral ribs. Epidendrum azuayense Hágsater & E. Santiago has leaves 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, oblong-elliptic, inflorescence 5.5 cm long with two orange flowers, column green, sepals 13-18 x 5.0-6.0 mm, petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate, oblique, lip 8.0-9.0 x 11 mm, widely cordiform, obtuse without ribs. Epidendrum philocremnum Hágsater & Dodson has leaves 2.0-5.0 x 0.9-1.7 cm, ovate to narrowly elliptic, inflorescence 6-8 cm long, with 2 green concolor flowers, lip sometimes tinged purple-brown, sepals 12-15 x 3-5.4 mm, petals 12-14 x 2.3-2.5 mm oblong, lip 3-lobed, mid-lobe triangular without ribs. Epidendrum cuencanum Schltr. also has elliptic leaves, but these are wider and larger, 4.5-9.0 x 1.5-4.3 cm, 2-5 flower greenish white, sepals and petals similar in size, but petals linear, and lip 13 x 12.5 mm, cordiform, acute, without ribs. Epidendrum cajamarcae Schltr. has greenish maroon flowers, sepals 18 mm long, lip 12 x 10 mm, 3-lobed, widely ovate, lateral lobes semi-orbicular, rounded, mid-lobe triangular acuminate without ribs. NOTES: Martius (1898-1902) gives a detailed description of the species based on the type and Lindley's illustration, (“labello…disco basi breviter bilamellato area aspera triangulari interposita”), adding the distribution as Peru and Ecuador, and possibly also found in Brazil: “In Brasilia contermina forsan adhuc invenienda”; however, no specimen is cited; our interpretation is that the triangle is due to the very short lateral ribs. Kränzlin (1911) cited another species under E. megagastrium, based on Weberbauer 1787, but this homonym is not valid, it is not cited by IPNI, and specimen Weberbauer 1787 was later taken up by Schlechter (1921) to publish his Epidendrum brevicaule Schltr. Schlechter published the same name E. brevicaule a second time for a different species which was later replaced by Ames as Epidendrum schlechterianum, a species endemic to Panama; at the name E. schlechterianum has been used for other similar species (Santiago & Hágsater, 2007). CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Widespread along the upper Amazon slope of the Andes. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek μεγα, large, and γαστηρ, belly, in reference to the inflated nectary which is evident along the underside of the pedicellate ovary, especially when seeing the flower from one side and pressed. REFERENCES: Ames, O., 1924, Epidendrum schlechterianum in Schedul. Orchid. 7: 9, fig. 1. Hágsater, E. & C. H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum philocremnum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 470. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum azuayense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1706. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum cuencanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1716. Kränzlin, F.W.L. 1911, Epidendrum megagastrium in Veg. Erde [Engler] 12: 247. Martius, C.F.P. von, 1898-1902, Epidendrum megagastrium in Flora Brasiliensis 3(5): Orchidaceae 2: 146-147. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2007, Epidendrum schlechterianum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 982. Schlechter, R., 1921, Epidendrum brevicaule in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 81. 1921. Schlechter, R., 1922, Epidendrum brevicaule in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 30. 12 Authors: E. Santiago & E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. Morón de Abad Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1739 EPIDENDRUM MERACRYPTANTHUM Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1740 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MERACRYPTANTHUM Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: Ecuador: Napo: Mera, in rastrojo, ca. 1100 m, 4 April 1956, Erik Asplund 20130. Holotype: S! (illustration voucher). Similar to Epidendrum cryptanthum L.O.Williams, sepals 13.4-14.2 mm long (vs. 9.0-11.5 mm long, petals obovoid, base cuneate, apex rounded, slightly emarginate, 6 mm wide (vs. petals spatulate, rounded 3-4 mm wide), and lip entire, sub-oblong, base deeply cordate (vs. obovate-pandurate, with the lateral margins involute). Epiphytic, sympodial, scandent herb, ca. 29 cm tall, with successive lateral growth. Roots 1-2 mm in diameter, thin, distributed along the basal rhizomatous internodes, scarce. Stems 20 x 0.3-0.5 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, thin, sub-erect, covered nearly totally by tubular sheaths, the sheaths somewhat dilated and laterally compressed towards the apex, scarious, becoming fibrous with time. Leaves 4-5, aggregated towards the apex of the stems, alternate, articulate, coriaceous; sheaths 0.5-3.0 x 0.25-0.70 cm, tubular, laterally compressed, slightly inflated towards the apex, minutely striated; blade 8.7-18.0 x 1.8-2.5 cm, elliptic, acute, with a low dorsal keel, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 3 cm long, apical, arcuate, racemose, distichous, flowering only once, short, compact, nearly totally hidden within the floral bracts. Floral bracts 13-18 mm long, much longer than the ovary (nearly as long as the flower), ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute, conduplicate, pellucid, pale brown, apical margin somewhat erose. Flowers ca. 5, successive, nearly totally hidden by the floral bracts, sepals and petals ivory white. Ovary 6 mm long, short, terete, thin, smooth, not inflated. Sepals free, partly spreading, glabrous, margin spreading, entire; dorsal sepal 13.4 x 4.9 mm, oblong-elliptic, rounded, 5-veined; lateral sepals 14.2 x 5.7 mm, oblong-elliptic, slightly constricted near the base, apex obtuse-rounded, 5-veined, with a low dorsal keel, with minute papillae on the apical dorsal surface. Petals 12.8 x 6 mm, free, partly spreading, obovoid, base cuneate, apex rounded, slightly emarginate, 3-veined, the lateral veins many-branched, margin entire, spreading. Lip 11.4 x 8.5 mm; united to the column, entire, suboblong, base deeply cordate, apex minutely emarginate, lateral margins involute, crenate; disc with 3 low, laminar, parallel, elongate keels nearly reaching the apical sinus. Column 2.5 mm long, very short, thick. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther ovoid, apex truncate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, not seen. Rostellum not seen. Nectary not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the type, from the foot of the eastern slopes of the Andes in central Ecuador, at ca. 1100 m. Flowering in April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum meracryptanthum belongs to the Polychlamys Group, Polychlamys Subgroup which is characterized by the successive lateral growths, the distichous, apical inflorescence with prominent, conduplicate, acute, glumaceous floral bracts. The species is distinguished by the short, compact inflorescence, bracts pale brown, flowers ivory white, sepals 13.4-14.2 mm long, petals 6 mm wide, obovoid, base cuneate, apex rounded, slightly emarginate, lip entire, sub-oblong, base deeply cordate, apex minutely emarginate. Epidendrum cryptanthum L.O.Williams also has short, compact, inflorescence, but paniculate, composed of 1-3 racemes (a feature which is not evident from the compact inflorescence, especially in pressed specimens), flowers creamy white totally hidden within the imbricating glumaceous bracts, sepals free, 9.0-11.5 mm long, petals spatulate, rounded 3-4 mm wide, lip obovate-pandurate with the lateral margins involute, and the thin ovary, not inflated. It has been confused with Epidendrum salpichlamys Hágsater & E.Santiago which has narrower leaves (less than 17 mm wide), a simple, sessile, compact, racemose inflorescence, imbricating floral bracts, the trumpet-shaped, greenish yellow flowers, with the sepals basally connate and abruptly reflexed above the middle, an oblong lip, and a thin non-inflated ovary. Epidendrum estrellense Ames has an elongate inflorescence (5 cm long) with 7 imbricating bracts covering the peduncle, greenish yellow to green flowers of similar size (sepals 10 mm long); the lip is suborbicular-cordate, conduplicate in natural position, and the ovary does not form a vesicle. NOTE: It is surprising to find this species in Ecuador, in an area which has been continuously collected for the past 70 years, but only a single collection dating back to 1956. The other species of this group are endemic to southern Mesoamerica, particularly Costa Rica and western Panama. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the locality of Mera, Pastaza, Ecuador, where the type was collected, and cryptanthum, the species which is most similar to it; thus, the cryptanthum from Mera. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2006, Epidendrum salpichlamys in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 5, Icon. Orchid. 8: t. 883. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater 2007, Epidendrum cryptanthum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 924. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater 2007, Epidendrum estrellense in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 934. Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1740 EPIDENDRUM MILPOËNSE Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1741 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MILPOËNSE Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Distr. Huancabamba, Sector Milpo, 2900 m, 18 marzo 2004, Rodolfo Vasquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Juan Perea Macedo, Rolando Francis Jiménez & Jose Luis Mateo Miguel 30251. Holotype: HOXA! Isotype: MO! (illustration and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum microcattleyioides D.E.Benn. & Christenson but the flowers yellowish green (vs. flowers yellow), sepals 18-19 mm long (vs. sepals 12-13 mm long), petals 16.0-17.5 x 5-7 mm, rhombic-spathulate (vs. petals 11 x 7 mm, obovate), lip 11 x 15 mm, widely cordiform, slightly apiculate (vs. lip 9.0 x 14.5 mm, transversely reniform and widely emarginate). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, ascending herb, 13-15 cm tall. Roots 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, basal, distributed along the rhizome, thin, white. Stems 5 x 0.8-1.0 cm, forming fusiform pseudobulbs, each pseudobulb produced from the base of the previous pseudobulb; covered by 2-3 sheaths 1.6-2.15 cm long, no-foliar, scarious and becoming fibrous with time. Leaves 1, 4.7-6.5 x 1.6-2.0 cm, narrowly elliptic, apex rounded and slightly bilobed, articulate, coriaceous, ventral surface rugose, margin entire, spreading. Spathe 1, 2.7-4.5 x 0.5-0.7 cm, tubular, oblong, conduplicate, apex rounded. Inflorescence 9.5-10 cm long including the flowers, apical, erect, fewflowered, racemose, longer than the leaf; peduncle 4-5 cm long, laterally compressed, thin, erect, straight; rachis very short. Floral bracts 2 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular-ovate, apex acute, embracing. Ovary 33 mm long, terete, thin, straight, slightly inflated ventrally along the apical half, minutely furrowed. Flowers 2-3, simultaneous, non-resupinate (if the inflorescence is 2flowered, then the flowers opposite, and only one is non-resupinate), green; fragrance not registered. Sepals 18-19 x 6.5-7.0 mm, spreading, free, elliptic, obtuse, fleshy, 7-veined, the lateral veins short branched, margin entire, spreading. Petals 16-17.5 x 5-7 mm, spreading, free, rhombic-spathulate, obtuse, 3-veined, the lateral veins short branched, margin entire, spreading. Lip 11 x 15 mm, united to the column, entire, widely cordiform, base deeply cordate, apex obtuse, slightly apiculate and reflexed, margin entire; bicallose, the calli small, globose, fleshy, slightly divaricate; disc somewhat fleshy between the calli, 3 mid-ribs that extend to the apical sinus. Column 11 mm long, short, thin at base, gradually widened towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood prominent, surpassing the body of the column, entire, margin sinuous. Rostellum apical, slit. Anther reniform with mid-rib running down middle; 4-celled. Pollinia obovoid; caudicles not seen. Lateral lobes of stigma prominent, occupying ½ the length of the stigmatic cavity, nectary penetrating half the pedicellate ovary, slightly inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Misericordia trail, Lanturachi-Santa Barbara, 2300-3300 m, 3 VII 1985, Foster 10507, USM! Ibid. Sector Santa Barbara-Milpo, 2972-3008 m, 1 II 2005, Franco 2748, MO! Ibid. Sector Milpo, 2900 m, 15 III 2004, Vásquez 30087, HOXA! MO! USM! Ibid. Vásquez 30138, HOXA! MO! USM! OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Pasco: Hort. Oxapampa, 28 III 2019, Huayta s.n., Hágsater 16139, digital images, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known only from central Peru, eastern slope of the Andes in the Province of Oxapampa, District of Huancabamba, sector Milpo and Santa Barbara, in very wet low forest, to 6 m tall, epiphytic at 2300-3000 m altitude. Flowering in February and March. RECOGNTION: Epidendrum milpoënse belongs to the Saxicola Group characterized by the pseudobulbous stems, caespitose or scandent habit, the prominent spathaceous bract apically rounded, few-flowered, erect inflorescence, flowers purple or yellow, and surface of the vegetative structures often rugose. The species is recognized by the green flowers, sepals 18-19 mm long, petals 16-17.5 x 5-7 mm, rhombic-spathulate, the lip widely cordiform, base deeply cordate, disc fleshy with 3 low ribs which reach the apex, ovary slightly inflated. Epidendrum microcattleyioides D.E.Benn. & Christenson has yellow flowers with the margin white, sepals 12-13 mm long, lip reniform, widely emarginate, with a single mid-rib, ovary geniculate. Epidendrum saxicola Kraenzl. has purple flowers, the lip white tinged purple, sepals 15 mm long, petals 13 x 2-3 mm, linear-oblanceolate, lip sub-orbiculate to obscurely pentagonal. Epidendrum herreranum C.Schweinf. has reddish brown flowers with the central surface of the floral segments yellow, lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform, petals 19 x 11 mm, rhombic-spathulate. NOTE: The original description of Epidendrum microcattleyioides indicates that the dorsal sepal measures 15 x 6.5 mm, and lateral sepals 22.5 x 7.5 mm. Analyzing a flower in spirit of the type, Bennett 7939 at MOL shows that the flowers are smaller, sepals are 12-13 x 6-7 mm. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. The species is presently known from a reduced area, but collections have been made along the single road that traverses this part of the Andes, and thus it could have a much wider distribution. REFERENCES: Kränzlin, F., 1905, Epidendrum saxicola, in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 187. Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson, 2001, Epidendrum microcattleyioides, in E.A. Christenson (ed.) Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum pl. 644. Hágsater, E., & B. Collantes, 2013, Epidendrum herreranum, in Icon. Orchid. 14: pl. 1438. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Vásquez Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1741 EPIDENDRUM MONTISCHILLAENSE Hágsater, E.Santiago & Zambrano THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1742 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MONTISCHILLAENSE Hágsater, E.Santiago et Zambrano, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: El Oro: Road from Paccha del Inca to Pasaje, 1800 m, 23 May 1988, Alex Hirtz 3865. Holotype: MO! (illustration AMO!) Similar to Epidendrum niebliense Hágsater & E.Santiago but the flowers larger, lip wrapped around the column and completely covering it in natural position (vs. lip spread flat), sepals 14-16 mm long (vs. sepals 12.7 mm long), the lip totally united to the column (vs. free from column), 3-lobed, base truncate, provided with two long, thin, laminar keels (vs. sub-orbicular-rhombic, base cuneate, ecallose), and lateral lobes of lip sub-quadrate, apex generally forming an acute angle (vs. lip narrowly hemi-obovate, apex rounded). Epiphytic, sub-caespitose, sympodial, prostrate repent herb, ca. 12 cm long. Roots 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, scarce, terete, thin, white. Stems ca. 8.0 x 0.4 cm, cane-like, produced from the lower internode of the previous stem, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed at the apex; base covered by non-foliar sheaths 0.6-2.0 cm long, tubular, scarious, becoming fibrous with age. Leaves 3-5, distributed along the apical half of the stem, articulate, alternate, spreading, fleshy-coriaceous; sheaths 0.4-1.0 x 0.5-0.6 cm, tubular, somewhat infundibuliform at the apex, longitudinal striated; blade 2.4-3.2 x 1.2-1.7 cm, oblong-ovate, obtuse, unequally bilobed, mucronate, margin entire, revolute. Spathe 1, 14 x 4.0 mm, conduplicate, narrowly obovate, obtuse. Inflorescence 3 cm long (including the flowers), apical, racemose, few-flowered, erect; peduncle 5-12 mm long, thin, laterally compressed, straight; rachis 2.0-2.5 mm long, straight. Floral bracts 1-7 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 2, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, green; fragrance not registered. Ovary 16-20 mm long, terete, thin, ventrally inflated near the apex, finely striated. Sepals 14-16 x 3.5-4.0 mm, free, triangular-oblong, 5-veined, margin entire, revolute in natural position; dorsal sepal slightly reflexed, apex acute, margin spreading; lateral sepals spreading, oblique, acute. Petals 15-16 x 1.3-2.5 mm, free, spreading, oblong, sub-acute, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 11.5-13 x 6.8-11 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, base truncate, margin entire, lip always wrapped around the column and completely covering it in natural position; ecallose, but with a pair of long, thin, laminar, thin, parallel keels; lateral lobes 2.0-3.5 x 6.0-7.0, sub-quadrate, apex truncate to forming shallow sinuses; mid-lobe 5.7 x 5.3 mm, trapezoid, apex rounded to obtuse, minutely apiculate. Column 4 mm long, thick, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, lentil-shaped. Rostellum apical slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma long, about ½ as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary penetrating 1/3 of the pedicellate ovary, somewhat swollen behind the perianth. Capsule none seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: El Oro: Zaruma: Huertas, sector Guayrapongu, [Cordillera de Corredores], 1540 m, 7 VIII 2017, Zambrano 2094, Herb. J.Zambrano. LCDP, AMO! (LCDP and photo voucher). OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: El Oro: Chilla: sector Loma de Valsa, 1672 m, 09 VI 2018, Zambrano 2315a, digital image, AMO! Zaruma: Huertas, sector Guayquichuma, 1800 m, 21 VIII 2017, Zambrano 2113a. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known from the Cordillera de Chilla as well as the Cordillera de Corredores, from the foot of the western Cordillera de los Andes in the Province of El Oro, at 1540-1800 m altitude. According to Weigand (2004), this corresponds to the Amotape-Huancabamba zone. Flowering in March and August. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum montischillaense belongs to the Cleistogastrium Group, characterized by the small plants, stems produced from the middle internodes of the previous stem, inflorescences with 1-2 spathes, erect with 1-2 non-resupinate flowers, lip ecallose, entire or clearly 3-lobed, the lip usually nearly completely free from the column. The new species has leaves 2.4-3.2 x 1.2-1.7 cm, oblong-ovate, non-resupinate green flowers, sepals 14-16 mm long, petals 1.3-2.5 mm wide, lip totally united to the column, always wrapped around the column and completely covering it in natural position, base truncate with lateral lobes sub-quadrate, forming an acute angle. Epidendrum niebliense is vegetatively similar, but sepals are 12.7 mm long, a sub-orbicular-rhombic lip free from the column, flat, spreading, ecallose. Epidendrum cleistogastrium Hágsater & Dodson has yellow, cleistogamous flowers, and a lip, 3-lobed and cuneate, with the lateral lobes semi-obovate, which embraces the column and joined only to the base of the column. Epidendrum amplexigastrium Hágsater & Dodson is very similar but the flowers are copper-colored, sepals 7-veined, and the lip excavate in the disc, papillose, base of lip cuneate, lateral lobes obliquely oblong, apex rounded. Epidendrum marsupiale F.Lehm. & Kraenzl. has very thin stems, leaves 11-30 x 8-15 mm, oblong-elliptic, distant from each other, sepals 12 mm long, a similar lip in both shape and size but the lateral lobes are separated by deep sinuses and spreading in front of the column, the disc of the lip excavate. These last two species having an excavate lip and the column united to the lip belong to the Marsupiale Group. CONSERVATION STATUS: So far, this species has a very restricted geographical distribution (Cordillera de Chilla-Cordillera de Corredores), and it is necessary to consider it as a restricted endemic. Epidendrum montischillaense is present in remnant forest patches disturbed by human activities, where the populations exhibit low densities (3–7 plants per phorophyte). ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the small Cordillera de Chilla, where the species has been collected, in the Province of El Oro. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1999, Epidendrum amplexigastrium in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 304. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum cleistogastrium in The Genus Epidendrum, Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 428. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2018, Epidendrum niebliense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(2): t. 1687. Kränzlin, F.W.L., 1921, Epidendrum marsupiale in Orchidaceae Lehmannianae in Guatemala, etc., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 174-175. Weigend, M. (2004) Additional observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba zone in Northern Peru: Defining the South-Eastern limits. Revista Peruana de Biología 11: 137–134. Authors: E. Hágsater, E. Santiago & B. J. Zambrano Herbario AMO LCDP: B. J. Zambrano R. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: B. J. Zambrano R. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1742 EPIDENDRUM MOROCHOI Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1743 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM MOROCHOI Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Loja: Cantón Macará; cerca de cantones Zapotillo y Celica, carretera fronteriza con Perú, 320 m, en Algarrobo, Prosopis sp., 15 October 2018. Eric Hágsater & Elizabeth Santiago Ayala 15952. (LCDP voucher). Holotype: HA! Similar to Epidendrum polystachyum Ruiz & Pav. in every way, but the flowers creamy white (vs. apricot yellow), stems 1-2 foliate, the leaves aggregate at the apex of the stem (vs. 2-3 foliate, the leaves spread out along the apex of the stem). Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose, erect herb ca. 150 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 2-3 mm in diameter, fleshy, thin, white. Stems 11-18 x 0.6-2.8 cm, thickened, fusiform, erect, straight, fluted, yellow-green; covered when young by non-foliar sheaths, tubular, scarious. Leaves 1-2, apical, conduplicate at the base, erect, thick, coriaceous; blade 14-20 x 1.5-3.1 cm, oblong, acute, minutely apiculate, green, margin entire, spreading. Spathe absent. Inflorescence to 120 cm long, paniculate, producing short, few-flowered racemes from the apical nodes of mature stems, erect to arching; peduncle to 50 x 0.3 cm, long, terete, provided with bracts 7.9 x 0.3 cm, tubular, triangular, embracing, acute to slightly acuminate; rachis to 60 x 0.2-0.3 cm; racemes 2.5-3.5 cm long, producing to 11 flowers in succession, ca. 5 open at one time. Floral bracts 4-6 x 0.8-1 mm, much shorter than the ovary, progressively shorter towards the apex of the raceme, triangular, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 16 mm long, thin, not inflated, furrowed, slightly thicker at the apex. Flowers ca. 60, 7-11 per raceme, successive, resupinate, cream colored in general, center of lip greenish yellow turning pale yellow, column green at the base and cream to the apex; without any apparent fragrance. Sepals spreading, free, 3-veined, acute, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepal 8 x 3 mm, narrowly elliptic to broadly lanceolate, strongly reflexed; lateral sepals 9 x 3 mm, spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, falcate, the upper margin straight. Petals 8.3 x 2.0 mm, sub parallel to the column, free, oblanceolate, apex obtuse to rounded, 1-veined, margin entire, partly spreading. Lip 6 x 15 mm, totally united to the column, 3-lobed, spreading, base truncate-sub-cordate; lateral lobes 5.9 x 6.0 mm, obovate-sub-quadrate, corners rounded, margins minutely crenulate; mid-lobe 2 x 4 mm, transversely sub-rectangular with two small, semiorbicular lobes at the apex, with margin crenulate; bicallose, the calli narrowly ovate, parallel, glabrous; the disk with 1 thick, elongate mid-rib that reaches the apical sinus. Column 6 mm long, straight, widened towards the apex, with an obtuse tooth on each side of the anther. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther ovoid, apex narrowly truncate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovate, laterally compressed; caudicles soft and granulose, slightly longer than the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Nectary penetrating 1/4 of the pedicel behind the perianth, not inflated, unornamented. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, ¼ the length of the stigmatic cavity. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: ECUADOR: Loja: Catamayo, between El Tambo y La Toma, 1000 m, 3 IX 1923, Hitchcock 21364, AMES! GH! NY! US! Catamayo, La Toma-Catacocha, ca. km 26, 2300 m, 3 IX 2000, Madsen 7216, LOJA! Cerro Villonaco, road La Toma-Loja km 12, 2000 m, 2 IX 1988, Madsen 75191, AAU! LOJA! QCA! QCNE! near Chinche [Las Chinchas] between San Pedro and Zaruma, 1900 m, 1 VIII 1938, Penland 1204, AMES! La Toma-Catacocha, 2300 m, 3 IX 2000, Sánchez 7216, QCNE! PERU: Piura: from Ayabaca area, 18 X 1985, Visquerra sub Bennett 3541, MOL! (illustration Pastorelli 468, xerox AMO!) Ayabaca, Cujaca-Quebrada de Mangas, 1800 m, 8 IX 1976, Sagástegui 8679, NY! OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: Loja: Loja to El Oro, MBG 59-16-29, 1 IV 1978, Dodson 32, SEL x2! (xerox, AMO!) Loja-Coastal road, MBG 59-16-29, 1959, Dodson 432, SEL! (xerox AMO!) Vilcabamba: Tumianuma, 1590 m, Perkins s.n., digital photo AMO! (photo voucher). PERU: Piura: Ayabaca, along Trail between Yanchala and Olleros, 1300 m, 30 XI 1992, Campoverde 5964, cited by Bennett & Christenson 2001. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: The species is apparently endemic and common in what is known as the Amotape-Huancabamba zone (Weigend, 2002), on the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in southern Ecuador in the basin of Loja and neighboring Peru, epiphytic, from 320 to 2000 m altitude in dry scrub forest sometimes with cacti. Flowering from October to April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum morochoi belongs to the Blepharistes Group recognized by the caepitose habit, simple fusiform stems, oblong leaves, lacking spathes, erect to nutant inflorescences, producing several short racemes from several nodes of the rachis along the upper half of the inflorescence, lip widely 3lobed, reniform lip, the mid-lobe sub-quadrate and itself bilobed. The new species is recognized by the erect pseudobulbs, leaves 1-2, lanceolate, coriaceous, flowers cream colored in general, center of lip greenish yellow turning pale yellow, column green at the base and cream to the apex, sepals 8-9 x 3 mm, acute, petals 8.3 x 2 mm, lanceolate-ovate, apex obtuse to rounded, and lip 6 x 15 mm, slightly cordiform trilobate, mid-lobe with 2 little lobes with margin crenulate, wider than long. It is very similar to Epidendrum polystachyum which has apricot-yellow flowers but has 3 leaves spread out along the apex of the stem; this species is found on the eastern side of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes, in southern Ecuador in the basin of Malacatos and the Cordillera del Cóndor, and northern Peru. Epidendrum pseudopolystachyum D.E.Benn. & Christenson from central Peru, on the Eastern side of the Andes has short plants, to 22 cm tall, bifoliate with oblong-elliptic leaves and greenish flowers, the petals and the lip transverse, convex, with entire margins, 6.6 x 13.0 mm, with lateral lobes elliptic, obtuse-redounded, mid-lobe bi-lobulate, lobules sub-orbicular, obtuse-rounded. Epidendrum blepharistes Barker ex Lindl. is widespread from Costa Rica to Bolivia; has 4-10 leaves distributed along the upper half of the stem, flowers white to lilac-pink to purple, lip 3-lobed, somewhat convex, the base slightly cordate, apical margin of the lobes deeply dentate; lateral lobes spreading, oblong-dolabriform, oblique; mid-lobe cuneate, retuse, bilobed, nearly as long as the lateral lobes. NOTE: When discussing Epidendrum blepharistes (Santiago & Hágsater, 2008) we placed it in a Subgroup Blepharistes under Group Schistochilum, but we hereby provide it with its own group under the best-known species, Epidendrum blepharistes as Blepharistes Group. Though the flowers are somewhat similar, the vegetative characters are quite distinct. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Apparently rather common in the warm dry area of southwestern Ecuador, which has suffered heavily from anthropogenic intervention and from a prolonged dry spell during the past year. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Servando Morocho (1969-) who heads the Orchidarium of the Universidad de Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador, who introduced us to this species. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections by Hágsater made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 2016-0045, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Bennett Jr., D.E., & E.A. Christenson, 2001, Epidendrum pseudopolystachyum in Icon. Orch. Peruvianum pl. 649. Kunth, K., 1816, Epidendrum polystachyum in A. Humboldt, A. Bonpland & K. Kunth (eds.) Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 352. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2008, Epidendrum blepharistes in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S, (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 7, Icon. Orch. 11: pl. 1105. Weigend, M., 2002, Observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba zone in northern Peru. Bot. Rev. (Lankester) 68(1): pp. 38-54. 12 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: B. Perkins Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1743 EPIDENDRUM NEOPORPAX Ames THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1744 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM NEOPORPAX Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 2 (9): 112. 1934. Type: CUBA: [Holguín:] Monte Verde, on trees in thick woods, 15 March 1860, Charles Wright 3343. Holotype: W! Isotypes: AMES! G x2! K! Basionym: Epidendrum porpax Rchb.f., Flora 48: 278. 1865. non Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 220. 1855. Nomenclatural synonym: Epidendrum vestitum Ames, Sched. Orch. 4: 51. 1923. non Sw., Prodr. 124. 1788. Auliza vestita Acuña, Bol. Estac. Exper. Agron., Santiago (Cuba) 60: (Cat. Descr. Orquid. Cub.) 86. 1939. Taxonomic Synonyms: Epidendrum porpax Rchb.f. var. domingensis Cogn., Urban Symb. Ant. 7: 181. 1909. Type: Dominica Republic: entre Moca y Sabaneta de Yásica. Ariza Juliá s.n. Herb. Jiménez 5375. Epiphytic, sympodial, repent herb, 8-12 cm tall. Roots 0.5-0.9 mm in diameter, basal, scarce, distributed along the internodes of the rhizome, fleshy, thin, white. Stems 6.5-10 x 0.21-0.38 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, produced from a middle internode of the previous stem. Leaves 2-3 aggregate towards the apex of the stem; sheaths 1.0-2.0 x 0.2-0.6 cm, tubular, striated when dry; blade 4.9-8.0 x 0.71.0 cm, conduplicate at base, linear-oblong, retuse, fleshy, coriaceous, green, striated when dry, margin entire, apex unequally bilobed. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 2-4 cm long, apical, racemose, arching, nutant, emerging from mature stem, flowering only once, distichous, lax-flowered; peduncle covered by 1 conduplicate bract, slightly smaller than the floral bracts; rachis straight, unornamented. Floral bracts 10-13 x 6-8 mm, longer than the ovary, conduplicate, ovate, obtuse to rounded, glumaceous, green to white. Ovary 7.09.6 mm long, straight, terete, slightly inflated along the apical half. Flowers 3-7, more or less simultaneous, distichous, lip always towards the rachis, green to white; without fragrance. Sepals 7.5-8.0 x 3.5-4.0 mm, spreading, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, margin entire somewhat revolute; dorsal sepal free, 3-veined, lateral veins branching; lateral sepals slightly connate at the base, 5-veined, lateral veins branching. Petals 7.4 x 2.0 mm, spreading, free, oblong, apex rounded, 3-veined, lateral veins branching, margin entire, spreading. Lip 5.6 x 5.0 mm, united to the column, entire, cordate at the base, cordiform, apex rounded; bicallose, the calli small, globose, divaricate with a low, long mid-rib reaching the apical sinus. Column 3.5-4.0 mm long, straight. Clinandrium-hood prominent, but not surpassing the body of the column, margin erose. Anther sub-spherical, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles granulose, slightly longer than the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigmatic cavity small. Nectary penetrating 3/4 the ovary, unornamented. Capsule 2.4 x 0.9 cm sub-spherical. OTHER SPECIMENS: CUBA: Granma: Guisa, Mogotes del Raudal, 300 m, 14 VIII 1992, Padilla sub Hágsater 10518, AMO! (illustration voucher). Sierra Maestra, Manguito, valle del arroyo Peladero cerca de El Zapato, 1300 m, 24 III 1970, Lippold 10371, HAJB! Guantanamo: Reservationis Cupeyal supra vallem Rio Toa, 800 m, 9 II 1970, Borhidi s.n., BP! La Prenda, 28 XII 1920, Hiram 4153, NY! Santiago de Cuba: Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, 10 VI 1936, Acuña 10000, HAC! Loma del Gato, 1949, Bro. Chrysogono 6384, HAC! Loma del Gato, 30 XII 1948, Hno. Clemente 15354, HAC! Along Río Peladero, below Aserradero San Antonio de los Cumbres, crest of Sierra Maestra, 1300 m, 23 I 1956, Morton 9469, US! Arroyo Peladero, Alto Valenzuela, Sierra Maestra, 1956, Morton 20179, HAC! Holguín: Plancha Trail, Mensura to Woodfred, 4 II 2010, Shafer 2884, NY! Monte Verde, 660 m, 13 II 1911, Shafer 8680, NY! Wright s.n., S! Valparaiso, Wright s.n., W! 1860-64, Wright 630, HAC! HAITI: Without locality, fl. In cult, 1976, Dod s.n. SEL! Plaine du Nord: Cap. Haitien, Park National Citadelle, Sierra al norte de la fortaleza Chaine Bonnet L'Eveque, 750 m, X 1985, Dod 1218, Herb. Dod* x7! DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Cordillera Central; San José de Las Matas, carretera entrando por Pedregal hacia Mata Grande al lado del Río Bao, 750 m, 27 X 1982, Dod 1798, Herb. Dod x2! Ibid. Dod 2047, Herb. Dod! Azúa: San Juan. Loma La Vieja, near arroyo La Vieja, Hispaniola, Cordillera Central, 800 m, 28 VIII 1929, Ekman 13419, K! S! La Lanza, between Polo and Monteada Nueva, 900-1000 m, 27 February 1969, Liogier 14288, NY! Santo Domingo: Rancho Arriba; Monte David, 700 m, 16 XII 1973, Liogier 20864, NY! OTHER RECORDS: Woodstream orchids, Epidendrum neoporpax “Woodstream” CBM/AOS, www/woodstreamorchids.com (photo voucher) DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known from Cuba and Hispaniola. Epiphyte, from 300-1300 m altitude. Flowering from October to February. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum neoporpax belongs to the Polychlamys Group, characterized by the few-leaved stems, the leaves aggregate towards the apex of the stems and the arching inflorescence with distichous flowers and large, conduplicate bracts; and the Octomerioides Subgroup which has slightly thickened stems, rigid fleshy-thickened linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate leaves. The species is distinguished by the (2)-3, conduplicate, linear-oblong, succulent leaves, 4.9-8.0 x 0.7-1.0 cm, 3-7, green to white flowers, sepals 7.5-8.0 x 3.5-4.0 mm long, 3-5-veined, lateral veins branching, petals 3-veined with lateral veins branching and a cordiform lip. Epidendrum octomerioides Schltr. has slightly thickened stems, 1-2 apical, linear oblong to linear-lanceolate, sub-erect, very fleshy thickened leaves, 3.5-13 x 0.6-1.5 cm, with white (rarely greenish white) flowers, the sepals 7.5-10 mm long, 3-veined, lateral veins branching, petals 3-veined without branching, and a triangular-cordiform lip with two very small calli. CONSERVATION STATUS: (DD). Data deficient. *NOTE: The personal herbarium of Donald D. Dod was seen by the author at the University of California Berkeley, in a visit to Donald D. Dod (1912-2008) in August 1999, then retired. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & J.D. Ackerman, 2014, Epidendrum neoporpax, in J.D. Ackerman et al., Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles, in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 109: p. 176. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2007, Epidendrum octomerioides in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 967. 3 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1744 EPIDENDRUM × OBRIENIANUM Rolfe THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1745 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM × OBRIENIANUM Rolfe, Gard. Chron. (1888) 1: 770-771, fig. 103, et (1889) 8. Type: “Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl. × E. evectum Hook.”, May 1888, James Veitch & Sons s.n. Holotype: K! [The correct species name for Epidendrum evectum Hook. is Epidendrum jamiesonis Rchb.f.] Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, up to 100 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.2-2.0 mm in diameter, fleshy, white, from the base of the stems. Stems 50-82 x 0.3-0.4 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, straight, the basal part covered by several non-foliar sheaths, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, tubular. Leaves 7 or more, distributed along the apical half of the stem; sheaths 3.0-4.1 x 0.35-0.45 cm, tubular, thin, smooth to slightly striated, brown; blade 3.8-9.0 x 1.4-2.3 cm, oblong-elliptic, apex shortly bilobate, coriaceous, green, margin entire. Inflorescence up to 50 cm long, apical from the mature stem, simple to pluri-racemose, erect, producing 1-3 new racemes from the upper nodes of the peduncle; peduncle up to 25 cm long, elongate, terete, straight, green, covered by tubular bracts, chartaceous, gray, imbricated, acuminate; rachis 8.9-30.7 cm long, slightly laterally compressed. Floral bracts 2.0-3.0 mm long, decreasing in length apically, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, chartaceous, acuminate, embracing. Ovary ca. 25-45 mm long, red, sometimes purple tinged, thin, terete, not inflated. Flowers successive, up to 6 open at a time, with floral buds in various stages of development, non-resupinate, crimson-red, apical side lobes of the column, calli and mid-rib of lip yellow, anther green; fragrance none. Sepals 14 x 5.2-5.5 mm, slightly reflexed, oblongoblanceolate, acute, 5-veined, margin entire, spreading, without dorsal keel; lateral sepals oblique. Petals 15 x 3.5 mm, slightly reflexed, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-veined, with the lateral veins branching. Lip 11 x 14 mm, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, base somewhat cordate; bicallose, the calli linguiform apex obliquely rounded, slightly divergent, ascendant, thick, with a prominent mid-rib, laminar, straight, progressively narrower towards the apex reaching the middle of the isthmus of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes 9.0 x 6.0 mm, oblique, subflabelliform, posterior margin entire, distal margins deeply laciniate; mid-lobe 7.0 x 9.0 mm, formed by a narrow, sub-quadrate isthmus in basal half 3.0 x 4.0 mm, apical half bilobed, lobes 4.0 x 3.0 mm, divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin dentate-laciniate. Column 8.2 mm long, straight, apex somewhat concave when seen from the side, with a pair of short, digitiform acuminate side lobes. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther 1.3 x 1.3 mm, cordiform, apex truncate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles, elongate, like a pile of roof tiles; viscidium transparent. Rostellum apical, slit. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: Cultivated at AMO, origin unknown, 16 VII 2019, Hágsater 16158 AMO! (LCDP and photo voucher). OTHER RECORDS: Cogniaux & Goossens, Epidendrum × obrienianum in Dict. Icon. Orchid.: Epidendrum hybr. pl. 2. Numerous images are available on the internet under this name, however, not all correspond to the original hybrid. Mislabeled images mainly have the yellow in the lip not restricted to the two calli and mid-rib which are characteristic of the hybrid. Epidendrum puniceoluteum F.Pinheiro & F.Barros, from coastal Brazil, also has the spillover effect. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Widely cultivated worldwide. Escaped into the wild in Hawaii (Randall, 1995), Cuba and Puerto Rico (Hágsater & Ackerman, 2014) among other places. Often misidentified as Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl. or Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth; both are differentiated by having resupinate flowers in red, orange and yellow combinations. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum × obrienianum belongs to the Schistochilum Group, Calanthum Subgroup which is characterized by the caespitose habit, erect, simple, cane-like stems, the generally elongate peduncle of the inflorescence, the erect raceme of generally resupinate, showy, colorful flowers, the lip adorned by two calli and a median, narrow keel. The hybrid is recognized by the terrestrial, caespitose habit, crimson-red, non-resupinate flowers with yellow calli and mid-rib, anther green, petals oblong (about 15 mm long), obtuse, calli wide, linguiform, sub-divergent, ascendant, mid-rib of the lip yellow that reaches the middle of the isthmus of the mid-lobe, lip deeply 3lobed, base somewhat cordate, lateral lobes sub-flabelliform, mid-lobe formed by a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half bilobed the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin dentate-laciniate and the apical lobes of the column are very short. It is very similar to the new Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard, from Martinique, being the same color and overall shape, but having slightly shorter sepals and petals (about 13 mm long), the apex of the column having elongated laminar lateral lobes, and calli being narrow, laminar, parallel, erect, semi-elliptic, Epidendrum puniceoluteum F.Pinheiro & F.Barros, from the southern coast of Brazil, is also very similar but having a brighter red color, the yellow color of the calli somewhat spilling onto the disc of the lip and wider, sub-quadrate calli, a wider mid-rib, shorter apical lobes of a thicker column. CONSERVATION STATUS: Widely cultivated worldwide. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of James O'Brien (1842-1930), British gardener, in charge of several orchid collections and nurseries, Secretary, Orchid Committee, Royal Horticultural Society 1889-1923. Contributor on orchid hybrids to Gardener's Chronicle 1891-1931 (Desmond 1994). REFERENCES: Cogniaux, A., & A. Goossens, 1897-1902, Epidendrum hybr. Pl. 2 in Dict. Icon. Orchid. Desmond, Ray, 1994, Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists including plant collectors, Flower Painters and Garden Designers. Taylor & Francis Ltd, London. Pp. 1-831. Hágsater, E., & J.D. Ackerman, 2014, Epidendrum in J.D. Ackerman (Coordinator), Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.109: 151-190. Hágsater, E. & P. Courtinard, 2019, Epidendrum cryptopateras in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1715. Pinheiro, F., e F. de Barros, 2006, Epidendrum puniceoluteum, uma espécie de Orchidaceae do litoral brasileiro, Hoehnea 33(2): 247-250. Rolfe, R.A. in Scott, W.H. (ed.), 1888, Epidendrum obrienianum × n. hyb. Gard. Chron. (1888)1: 770-771. Randall, John, 1995, in Invasive Plants Atlas of the United States https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=14000, downloaded 15 July 2019. Sanz, Ernesto, 2014, A natural Frankestein: the orchid hybrid, Epidendrum × obrienianum, Tropical Biodiversity, posted 30 March 2014, https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/tropicalbiodiversity/2014/03/a-natural-frankestein-the-orchid-hybrid-epidendrum-x-obrienianum/, downloaded 15 July 2019.Dict. Icon. Orchid.: Epidendrum hybr. pl. 2 3 Authors: E. Hágsater & A. Cisneros Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Jiménez M. & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Jiménez M. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1745 EPIDENDRUM ORBICORDICHILUM Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1746 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM ORBICORDICHILUM Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Central, Vertiente Occidental, Hoya del Río Bugalagrande, 2900 m, 17 April 1946, José Cuatrecasas 20874, Holotype: VALLE! Isotypes: AMES! F! (Illustration voucher). US! Similar to Epidendrum cuencanum Schltr. but leaves 1.8-3.5 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic (vs. leaves 1.5-4.3 cm wide, widely elliptic), flowers sepia-ochre turning bright orange with age (vs. greenish white), sepals with margin spreading (vs. sepals with margin slightly revolute), petals 17 x 5.4 mm, elliptic (vs. 20 x 2 mm, linear), lip 14 x 14 mm, orbicular-cordiform (vs. 13 x 12.5 mm, cordiform). Epiphytic or terrestrial, sympodial, scandent herb. Roots 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter, produced from the base of stems, scarce, terete, thick, white. Stems 14-28 x 0.4-0.9 cm, simple, cane-like, produced from the middle of the previous stem, terete at base, somewhat laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered by non-foliar sheaths 2.0-3.5 cm long, tubular (somewhat infundibuliform apically when dry), scarious, becoming fibrous with age. Leaves 3-4, distributed along the apical 1/4 of stems, alternate, spreading, coriaceous, yellowish green; sheaths 1.0-2.5 x 0.4-0.9 cm, tubular, somewhat infundibuliform, minutely striated; blade 3.7-9.0 x 1.8-3.5 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex unequally bilobed, margin entire. Spathes 1-2, 1.6-2.4 x 1.2-1.8 cm (when spread), tubular at base, conduplicate above, apex obtuse to rounded (obovate when spread), membranous. Inflorescence 5-6 cm long (including the flowers), apical, racemose, few-flowered, erect; peduncle 6-7 mm long, totally hidden within the spathe; rachis short. Floral bracts 2 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular-ovate, sub-acute, embracing. Flowers 2, simultaneous, non-resupinate, erect, fleshy, sepiaochre turning bright orange with age, fragrance not registered. Ovary 35 mm long, terete, thin at base, gradually thickened towards the apex, minutely striated. Sepals 20 x 6.3 mm, free, acute, minutely apiculate, 7-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal spreading, triangular-lanceolate; lateral sepals partly spreading, narrowly elliptic, slightly oblique, dorsally carinate. Petals 17 x 5.4 mm, free, spreading, elliptic, apex sub-acute, minutely apiculate, 3-veined, the lateral veins short branched, margin entire, spreading. Lip 14 x 14 mm, united to the column, entire, orbicular-cordiform, base cordate, apex obtuse, minutely apiculate, margin entire, spreading; bicallose, calli thin, laminar, low. Column 7 mm long, thin, straight. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary penetrating half the pedicellate ovary, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: COLOMBIA: Quindío: without locality, VIII 1964, Kapuler 239, COL! ECUADOR. Carchi: Road Tulcán-Santa Barbara, E of El Carmelo, 2700 m, 21 VI 1983, Bohlin 626, GB! Gruta de la Paz, 2500 m, 28 VIII 2004, Cerón 51660, QAP! Km 40-45, E of Santa Barbara on road Tulcán to La Bonita, 2300-2600 m, 1-27 VII 1982, Dodson 13060, Q! SEL! E of Gruta La Paz, 3200 m, 14 IX 2004, Hirtz 9017, AMO x3! Napo: between Cuyuja and Papallacta, 2800-2900 m, 5 VI 1973, Holm-Nielsen 6889, AAU! AMES! SEL! Pichincha: Pululahua, 25 km NW San Antonio, 2600-3000 m, 13 I 1967, Sparre 13954, S! Western slope of Mt. Iliniza, 2900-3000 m, 23 I 1987, Hirtz 3074, MO x2! OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: Imbabura: Cotacachi, 2940 m, Andreas Kay, digital images, AMO! (photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Ranging from the southern Central Range in Colombia (Quindío) to northern Ecuador on both slopes of the Andes, terrestrial and epiphytic at 2300-3200 m altitude. Flowering from January to September. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum orbicordichilum belongs to the Geminiflorum group, characterized by having a sympodial, scandent, straggling habit, semi-ovate spathe, erect stems with 3-10 coriaceous leaves, few non-resupinate flowers, and a lip with laminar calli, disc flat. The new species is recognized by the leaves 3.7-9.0 x 1.8-3.5 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, flowers sepia-ochre turning orange with age, sepals 20 mm long, the margin spreading, petals 17 x 5.4 mm, elliptic; lip 14 x 14 mm, orbicular-cordiform, with a pair of low laminar calli. Epidendrum cuencanum is vegetatively similar, but the flowers are greenish white, sepals 21.5 mm long with the margins slightly revolute, petals 20 x 2.0 mm, linear; lip 13.0 x 12.5 mm, cordiform, with a pair of small calli. Epidendrum megagastrium Lindl. has leaves 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.3 cm, flowers copper brown, sepals 20.5 mm long, petals 18.5 x 4.7 mm, oblong-elliptic; lip 11.4 x 10.0 mm, narrowly cordiform with a pair of fleshy, divergent calli and with 3 low ribs, the very evident mid-rib disappearing before reaching the apex. Epidendrum azuayense Hágsater & E.Santiago has leaves 1.0-5.0 x 0.8-1.5 cm, oblong-elliptic, flowers orange, sepals 13-18 mm long, petals 12-16 x 5.0-6.0 mm, oblanceolate with the margin crenulate; lip 8.0-9.0 x 11 mm, widely cordiform. Epidendrum geminiflorum Kunth has leaves 2.7-9.0 x 1.2-2.6 cm, oblong; flowers greenish yellow, sepals 14-18 [21] mm long and the margin revolute, petals 14.4-16.0[19] x 2.7-3.3 mm, narrowly lanceolate; lip 10-13 [16] x 8.0-12 mm, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes sub-orbicular to hemi-elliptic, small. CONSERVATION STATUS: LC. Less Concern. The known range of distribution extends 665 km, in Colombia central Andes and Ecuador Andes, some expected extent of occurrence 35,000 km², between 2500-3200 m altitude. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin orbis, circular, cordatus, with two rounded lobes at base, like heart-shaped, and chilus, lipped, in reference to the nearly rounded cordate lip which distinguishes this species. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2019, Epidendrum azuayense in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1706. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum cuencanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1716. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum geminiflorum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1724. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2019, Epidendrum megagastrium in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1739. 8 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: A. Kay † Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1746 EPIDENDRUM PALALABRUM Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1747 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM PALALABRUM Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Prov. Napo: [Cantón Tena:] road San Miguel (Salcedo) Puerto Nuevo (Napo) (under construction), 54 km from San Miguel, 3200-3300 m, 29 September 1976, Benjamin Øllgaard & Henrik Balslev 9822. Holotype: NY! (illustration voucher) Isotype: AAU! Similar to Epidendrum carmelense Hágsater & Dodson but sepals 13-14 mm long (vs. sepals 10 mm long), lip 9.1 x 7.4 mm, shovelshaped, base truncate, basal half quadrate, apical half triangular, apex acuminate (vs. lip 7 x 11 mm, reniform, base cordate, apex rounded). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, pendulous, branching herb, 15-20 cm long. Roots 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, basal to the primary stem only, thin. Stems 1.3-2.7 x 0.2-0.4 cm, pendulous, constituted by 3-4 internodes, the two basal internodes short, the apical ones elongate, the apical internode forming a small fusiform pseudobulb, each new stem produced from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem, completely covered by non-foliar sheaths, 8-25 mm long, ovate, acuminate, embracing. Leaves 1 per stem, 4.0-8.9 x 0.40.8 cm, apical, pendulous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dorsally carinate, margins revolute. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, sessile, pendulous. Floral bracts ca. 5 x 4 mm, shorter than the ovary, ovate-triangular, acute, hidden within the sheath subtending the pseudobulb. Flowers 1-2, pendulous, facing downwards, pale brown; fragrance not registered. Ovary 14 mm long, terete, thin, not inflated, striated. Sepals 13.0-14.0 x 3.7-4.0 mm, spreading, free, glabrous, 3-veined, margin entire, spreading; dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate; lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, the upper margin straight. Petals 11.7 x 2.5 mm, spreading, free, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat falcate, 3-veined, margins entire, spreading. Lip 9.1 x 7.4 mm, united to the column, entire, shovel-shaped, base truncate, basal half quadrate, apical half triangular, apex acuminate, margin spreading, erose especially on the sides; ecallose with the veins somewhat thickened on the disc of the lip. Column 5 mm long, short, thick, forming a 120° angle with the pedicellate ovary. Clinandrium-hood upturned, bifid, somewhat reduced, margin erose. Anther obreniform, apex forming a wide sinus with a ventral mid-rib. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma very short. Nectary shallow without penetrating the perianth, narrow, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from a single collection, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in central Ecuador; epiphytic at 3200-3300 m altitude. Flowering in September-October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum palalabrum belongs to the Kalopternix group, Garayi subgroup which is recognized by pendent chain of stems, arising each from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem, each with 1-3 linear-lanceolate leaves, inflorescence apical, flowering only once, 1-2 flowered, the flowers non-resupinate, green to red or yellow, de lip cordiform, ecallose. The new species is recognized by the pale brown flowers, sepals 13-14 x 3.7-4.0 mm, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-veined, petals 11.7 x 2.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate and lip shovel-shaped, base truncate, basal half quadrate, apical half triangular, apex acuminate, margin erose. Epidendrum carmelense Hágsater & Dodson has plants 12-48 cm long, forming large mases, flowers green to ochre with reddish dots on the column, sepals 10 x 6.5 mm, ovate, acute, petals 8.5 x 3.5 mm, ovate-elliptic, acute; lip 7 x 11 mm, reniform, base cordate, apex rounded. It is vegetatively very similar to Epidendrum cardiodontatum Hágsater & Dodson, but the inflorescence has 7 successive flowers, lip subcordiform, base cordate. Epidendrum garayi Løjtant has 3-4 leaves per pseudobulb, flowers greenish purple, sepals 10-12 mm long, lip cordiform, acuminate. Epidendrum falsigarayi Hágsater & Karremans has 3-6 leaved stem segments, leaves 25-50 x 3-5 mm, 1 brick-red flower, ovate, acimunate sepals 12-12.3 mm long, triangular ovate, acute petals, 8.6 x 4.4 mm, and a cordiform, apiculate lip 7.3 x 9.6 mm. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. There are few roads the cross the Andes and in general the areas north and south are covered by national protected areas and not exploited for agriculture nor cattle ranching. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin pala, shovel, and labrum, lip, in reference the shovel-shaped lip, where the basal half is quadrate and the apical half triangular, the base truncate. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum carmelense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 120. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2010, Epidendrum cardiodontatum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 9, Icon. Orchid. 13: t. 1310. Hágsater, E., & A. Karremans, 2019, Epidendrum falsigarayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1720. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum garayi in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part. 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1722. Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1747 EPIDENDRUM PRAETERITUM Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1748 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM PRAETERITUM Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Napo between Papallacta and Baeza, 1900 m, epiphyte in wet forest, 20 February 1982, Carlyle A. Luer & Alexander Hirtz 6858 Holotype: SEL 44689! (illustration voucher). Similar to Epidendrum cornutum Lindl. but the leaves narrower 6-9 mm wide (vs. to 14 mm wide), inflorescence as long as the apical leaves (vs. shorter than the apical leaves), flowers light yellow (vs. white and strongly fragrant), smaller; lateral sepals 10.2 mm long (vs. 12.3 mm long) and lip 5.7 x 2.7 mm (vs. 7.3 x 4 mm). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial, caespitose herb, to ca. 70 cm tall. Roots 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, scarce. Stems 25-60 x 0.150.3 cm, simple, cane-like, terete. Leaves 7-14, sub-erect, alternate, distributed throughout the upper half of the stem, sheaths 2.0-4.2 x 0.2-0.3 cm, tubular, longitudinally striated; blade 8-14 x 0.6-0.9 cm, lanceolate, acuminate, articulate, smooth, margin entire. Spathes 1-2, 4.6-7.0 cm long, tubular, conduplicate, acuminate. Inflorescence 10-14 cm long, apical, racemose, arcuate-nutant; peduncle 6 cm long, sub-erect, arched, nearly covered by the spathes. Floral bracts 5-8 mm long, slightly shorter than the ovary, linear-triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 17-20, simultaneous, resupinate, light yellow, fragrance not registered. Sepals free, narrowly elliptic, acute, margin entire; dorsal sepals 9.5 x 1.8 mm, spreading, 3-veined; lateral sepals 10.2-11.2 x 2.4-2.6 mm, partly spreading, oblique, 5-veined, with a prominent dorsal apical keel, its margin erose, mucronate. Lip 5.7 x 2.7 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, fleshy, base cordate, bicallose, the calli elongate, complanate, a short mid-rib in between, slightly longer than the calli; lateral lobes 1.02 x 2.04 mm, transversely elliptic, margin dentate; mid-lobe 3.8 x 1.02 mm, narrowly triangular, acute, fleshy thickened, surface minutely papillose. Column 3.0 mm long, straight, short, forming an obtuse angle with the ovary. Clinandrium-hood reduced, entire. Anther reniform. Pollinia 4, obovoid, unequal, the inner pair slightly smaller; caudicles soft and granulose short. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Know presently from a single collected in 1982, from above Baeza, Napo, Central Ecuador, on the eastern slope of the Andes. The area has since been heavily disturbed along the highway. Epiphytic in wet forest at 1900 m altitude. Flowering in February. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum praeteritum belongs to the Alpicolum Group, which is recognized by the caespitose habit, simple, canelike stems, apical racemose inflorescence subtended by 1-3 acute spathaceous bracts, the flowers fleshy, linear petals and a 3-lobed lip, bicallose with short, fleshy keels, the mid-lobe triangular and fleshy. The new species is recognized by the caespitose habit, numerous narrowly lanceolate leaves to 14 x 0.9 cm, inflorescence as long as the apical leaves, pale yellow relatively large flowers, lateral sepals 10.2-11.2 mm long, 5-veined, lip 5.7 x 2.7 mm. It is similar to Epidendrum cornutum Lindl., which also has a caespitose habit, wider leaves to 13.5 x 1.4 cm, the inflorescence shorter than the apical leaves, white, very fragrant flowers, lateral sepals 12.3 mm long, 5veined, and a longer lip, 7.3 x 4 mm. Epidendrum alpicoloscandens Hágsater & Dodson, has a scandent habit, about half as many leaves, the inflorescence much surpassing the apical leaves, smaller, pale yellow-orange flowers, lateral sepals 8.6 mm long, 3-veined, and lip 4.0 x 2.5 mm. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. It is surprising that we have not been able to find any more material from this area that may belong to this species, at it has been historically heavily collected due to its short distance from the capital city, Quito. However, the area along the slope as the road has been largely turned into pastures for cattle grazing. The species may still be found in the largely untouched conservation areas across the Quijos river. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin praeteritus, past, passed over, lost. In reference to the fact that this specimen has been passed over though it was been seen often in the Selby Herbarium by both Dodson and Hágsater over the years. REFERENCES: Lindley, J., 1840, Epidendrum cornutum, J. Bot. (Hooker) 3:86. Hágsater, E., & C.H. Dodson, 2001, Epidendrum alpicoloscandens in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum Part 3, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 407. Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1748 EPIDENDRUM PUNICEOLUTEUM F.Pinheiro & F.Barros THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1749 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM PUNICEOLUTEUM F.Pinheiro & F.Barros, Hoehnea 33(2): 248. 2006. Type: BRAZIL: Paraná: Paranaguá, Balneário Shangri-lá, janeiro 1996, O.S. Ribas et al. 1051. Holotype SPF. Isotype MBM. Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, 13-151 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 2 mm in diameter, fleshy, white, from the base of the stems. Stems 40-90 x 0.2-0.5 cm, simple, cane-like, terete, straight, all covered by several foliar sheaths. Leaves 11-16, distributed along the stem; sheaths 1.0-4.4 x 0.2-0.6 cm, tubular, slightly laterally compress, thin, smooth, chartaceous, scarious when dry, green; blade 3.0-10.5 x 0.6-2.9 cm, oblong-lanceolate, apex retuse, coriaceous, green, margin entire. Inflorescence 21-52 cm long, apical from the mature stem, simple to pluri-racemose, erect, producing 1-3 new racemes from the upper nodes of the peduncle; peduncle 2628 cm long, elongate, terete, straight, green, covered by tubular bracts, chartaceous, striated, scarious when dry, gray, imbricated, acuminate. Floral bracts 3-18 mm long, decreasing, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, chartaceous, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 18-38 mm long, green with pink tones at the apex, thin, terete, not inflated. Flowers successive, to 6-8 open at a time, with floral buds in various stages of development, non-resupinate, bright red, apical lobes of the lip, calli and mid-rib of the lip yellow, the color spilling onto the disc of the lip and apex of column, anther green; fragrance none. Sepals 11.3-18.0 x 4.0-7.5 mm, spreading, oblanceolate, acute, 5veined, margin entire, spreading; lateral sepals with a low apical dorsal keel. Petals 12.0-17.8 x 4.0-7.7 mm, spreading, elliptic, acute to slightly acuminate, 5-veined, margin erose. Lip 4.7-8.7 x 12.6-20.2 mm in natural position, united to the column, deeply 3-lobed, base cordate; bicallose, the calli linguiform, ascendant, slightly divergent, low, with a prominent mid-rib, laminar, that reaches the middle of the isthmus of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes 4.0-9.3 x 4.4-10.1 mm in natural position, sub-quadrate to sub-flabelliform, posterior margin entire, distal margins deeply laciniate; mid-lobe 3.6-7.0 x 5.1-10.1 mm, formed by sub-oblong isthmus in the basal half, 2.0 x 4.0 mm, apical half bilobed, the lobes 3.0 x 4.0 mm, erect, sub-quadrate, the distal margin laciniate. Column 7.7-12.5 mm long, straight, with a pair of elongate, digitiform side lobes, the apex bidentate that embracing the anther. Clinandrium-hood short, margin bidentate. Anther 1.5 x 1.3 mm, ovoid, apex truncate, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed; caudicles, elongate. Rostellum apical, slit. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Cananéia: Ilha do Cardoso, cult. Jardim Botânico do Instituto de Botânica SP 10312, São Paulo, received 26 XI 1989, cult. Herbario AMO, Mexico City, pressed 4 IV 2002, Hágsater 10266. AMO! Illustration, AMO! Ibid. Pressed 22 V 2002, AMO! Ibid. pressed 25 IV 2019, AMO! Digital images, AMO! [For a complete list of specimens see original description, Pinheiro & Barros, 2006.] OTHER RECORDS: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Luiz Filipe Varella, www.orquideasgauchas.net digital images (LCDP & Photo voucher). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Endemic to the southern coast of Brazil from the municipality of Osório, Rio Grande do Sul to Paria Grande, São Paulo. Numerous populations are found on Ilha Comprida, Ilha do Cardoso, Ilha de Superagui and Ilha do Mel. Terrestrial in restinga vegetation, flowering throughout the year. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum puniceoluteum belongs to the Schistochilum Group, Calanthum Subgroup which is characterized by the caespitose habit, erect, simple, cane-like stems, a normally elongate peduncle of the inflorescence, an erect raceme of generally resupinate, showy, colorful flowers, and a lip adorned by two calli and a median narrow keel. This species, from the southern coast of Brazil, is recognized by the non-resupinate, bright red flowers with yellow calli and mid-rib; sepals 11-18 mm long, petals elliptic, relatively wide; the deeply 3-lobed lip; the calli linguiform, ascendant, slightly divergent, low, with a prominent mid-rib, laminar, reaching the middle of the isthmus of the mid-lobe; lateral lobes sub-quadrate to sub-flabelliform, posterior margin entire, distal margins deeply laciniate; mid-lobe formed by sub-oblong isthmus in the basal half, apical half bilobed, the lobes divergent, sub-quadrate, the distal margin laciniate. Epidendrum x obrienianum Rolfe being the similar color and overall shape, is distinguished mainly by the narrower, oblong petals, and especially by the calli being wide, linguiform, sub-divergent, ascendant. Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard, from Martinique, being the same color and overall shape but having slightly shorter sepals and petals (about 13 mm long), is distinguished mainly by the calli which are narrow, laminar, parallel, erect, semi-elliptic. CONSERVATION STATUS: NT. Not threatened. Common and widespread in its natural habitat, where it is sometimes sympatric with Epidendrum fulgens Brongn. and intermediate hybrid forms have been observed (Pinheiro & Barros, 2006). ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin puniceus, Phoenician purple, crimson, and luteus, deep yellow, in reference to the crimson color of the flowers with the yellow calli and mid-rib. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum x obrienianum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1745. Hágsater, E. & P. Courtinard, 2019, Epidendrum cryptopateras in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1715. Pinheiro, F., e F. de Barros, 2006, Epidendrum puniceoluteum, uma espécie de Orchidaceae do litoral brasileiro, Hoehnea 33(2): 247-250. 6 Author: E. Hágsater LCDP: L. F. Varella & A. Cisneros Herbario AMO Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: L. F. Varella Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1749 EPIDENDRUM RIMARACHINII Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1750 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM RIMARACHINII Hágsater sp. nov. Type: PERÚ: Cajamarca: Provincia San Ignacio; Distrito San José de Lourdes; caserío El Crucero, 1670 m, 08 V 2018, Luis Ocupa Horna & Edwal Adelmo Rimarachin Mena 201, Hotoype: HUT! Similar to Epidendrum albazoënse Hágsater & Salas Guerr. but the flowers green with the lip brown (vs. green flowers turning yellowish, tinged purple, especially at the apex of the column and over the veins of the lip marked by purple dots), mid-lobe of the lip receded (vs. mid-lobe spreading beyond the lateral lobes). Epiphytic, sympodial, erect herb, ca. 20-22 cm tall, the new stems arising from a sub-apical internode of the previous stem. Roots 2 mm in diameter, from the base of the basal stem, simple, thick. Stems 8-12 x 0.4 cm, erect, simple, cane-like, thin, terete, new stem arising from the middle of the previous stem. Leaves 3-6, aggregate towards the apical half of the stem, recurved, alternate, base embracing the stem; blade 1.4-6.6 x 1.1-2.2 cm, sub-equal, grass-like, lanceolate, acute, green, concolor. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 3.5-8.7 cm long, apical, racemose, slightly laterally compressed, not ancipitose, lax-flowered; peduncle 1.3-2.4 cm long, rachis 2.7-8.0 cm, arching, nutant. Floral bracts ca 4 mm long, shorter than the ovary, triangular, acute, embracing. Flowers 5-28, opening in succession, several open at one time, resupinate; sepals and petals green, lip brown, calli and column green, anther pale green; fragrance none registered. Ovary 11 mm long, not inflated, thin, terete at base, slightly thickened behind the perianth. Sepals 13-15 x 6-9 mm, free, partly spreading, incurved, fleshy, 6-veined, sub-acute, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepal elliptic; lateral sepals obovate. Petals 13-15 x 34 mm, free, partly spreading, forming a cup with the sepals, oblanceolate, acute, fleshy, 3-veined, margin slightly erose, spreading. Lip 13-15 x 22-23 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, obreniform in general outline, lateral margins strongly revolute in natural position, base cordate, mid-lobe receded, i.e. lateral lobes somewhat longer than the mid-lobe at the apex; bicallose, calli somewhat laterally compressed, in front of the sides of the column, inconspicuous; lateral lobes 9 x 16.5 mm, transversely obovate, wider towards the apex; mid-lobe 2.5 x 6.5 mm, receded, formed by two small, semi-orbicular lobes, with a deep sinus in the middle. Column 11 mm long, thickened towards the apex, truncate. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther cordiform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, the inner pair somewhat smaller, slightly laterally compressed; caudicles short, soft and granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the type. Found at an altitude of 1670 m., in disturbed forests, epiphytic on Coffea sp. stems. Flowering twice yearly, in March and September. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum rimarachinii belongs to the Incomptum group which is characterized by the successive lateral growths produced from the middle of the previous growth, the few leaves aggregate towards the apex of the stems, a short apical inflorescence with fleshy green to violet-green flowers with short ovaries, and the lip entire to 3-lobed. The species is recognized by the sepals about half as wide as they are long, 13-15 x 6-9 mm, petals oblanceolate, 3-veined, 13-15 x 3-4 mm, and the lip 13-15 x 22-23 mm, 3-lobed, obreniform in general outline, lateral margins strongly revolute in natural position, base cordate, bicallose, lateral lobes 9 x 16.5 mm, transversely obovate, wider towards the apex; mid-lobe 2.5 x 6.5 mm, receded, formed by two small, semi-orbicular lobes, with a deep sinus in the middle. Epidendrum albazoënse Hágsater & Salas Guerr. has green flowers turning yellowish, tinged purple, especially at the apex of the column, and over the veins of the lip marked by purple dots, sepals are 14.7-20 mm long, petals narrowly elliptic, base narrowly cuneate, acute, 3-veined, the lip 3-lobed, 8.5 x 16 mm; the lateral lobes sub-reniform, at an oblique angle, the widest part of the lip between the apices of the lateral lobes; mid-lobe 2.9 x 6.5 mm, sub-rectangular, apex deeply retrorse, corners rounded. Epidendrum incomptum Rchb.f. has narrowly obovate sepals, petals linear-oblanceolate, 1-veined, lip 10-15 x 13-28 mm, 3-lobed, slightly convex, ecallose; lateral lobes divaricate, obliquely ovate, and mid-lobe sub-quadrate, truncate. Epidendrum xelidorimarachinii Hágsater & E. Santiago has lip 3-lobed, slightly convex, margins entire, spreading; lateral lobes 9-10 x 8.5 mm, semi-obovate, base widely cordate, posterior side semi-obovate, front margin straight; mid-lobe 4 x 8 mm, deeply bifurcate, formed by a pair of triangular divergent lobes forming a nearly 90° angle, each triangle 4.0 x 2.5 mm, apex narrowly rounded. NOTES: The species is peculiar in the recessed mid-lobe of the lip, which is surpassed by the lateral lobes of the lip at its apex. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known presently only from the type. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Edwal Adelmo Rimarachin Mena (1995- ), of San José de Lourdes, Cajamarca, Peru, who participated in the collection of the type. He is an agricultural technician of the Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público “4 de junio de 1821” at Jaén; grower, collector and protector of orchids. He rescues species from disturbed forests and safeguards them in a family vivarium in order to conserve the genetic material. REFERENCES: E. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2006, Epidendrum incomptum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 5, Icon. Orchid. 8: t. 844. Hágsater, E., & M. Salas Guerrero, 2018, Epidendrum albazoënse in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1601. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum xelidorimarachinii in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1756. 12 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: E. A. Rimarachin & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. A. Rimarachin Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1750 EPIDENDRUM RIVERAE Hágsater THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1751 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM RIVERAE Hágsater, sp. nov. Type: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Chigorodó, Vereda Santillana, predio Bodegas, área de conservación de Banacol, 20 m, 10 abril 2019, Cristian Camilo Rivera Jiménez CCR-1345. Holotype: TOLI! (LCDP and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum longirepens (C.Schweinf.) C.Schweinf. but the petals descendent, covering ¾ of the lateral sepals, (vs. spreading, somewhat descendent without covering the lateral sepals), lip widely cordiform, much wider than long, apex truncate, abruptly apiculate (vs. cordiform-sub-orbicular, about as wide as it is long, apex abruptly apiculate), clinandrium-hood tridentate, margin densely fimbriate (vs. sub-rectangular to triangular erose-denticulate process), anther long ovoid, ending in a long, fimbriate appendage (vs. ovoid-circular, short, apical margin entire). Epiphytic, creeping, sympodial, caespitose herb, to 2.5 cm tall, forming large mats. Roots ca. 1 mm in diameter, thin, simple, distributed along the rhizome. Stems ca. 2.5 cm tall, the rhizome creeping along the substrate, stem, totally covered by foliar sheaths, new stem produced near the middle of the previous stem, below the leaves. Leaves 6-8, distributed throughout the stem, the middle leaves larger, progressively smaller towards the apex, fleshy succulent, dark green, non-articulate with the sheath; blade 8-17 x 6-8 mm, conduplicate at the base so that the stem appears laterally compressed, ovate-elliptic, apex unequally bilobed, apical margin minutely erose-crenate. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, single flowered, sessile, flowering only once. Floral bract up to 8 mm long, similar to the leaves but smaller, translucent, conduplicate, with a prominent dorsal keel, margin minutely erose, sometimes accompanied by a very small bracts to 3 x 2 mm, conduplicate, sub-orbicular. Flower single, sessile, copper green due to small purple dots, base of clinandrium-hood and anther pale purple; apparently without fragrance. Ovary ca. 5 mm long, short, thick, terete, with 3 low keels. Sepals ovate, dorsally carinate, aristate, fleshy, 3-veined, margin minutely erose; dorsal sepal 10 x 4.0 mm, reflexed; lateral sepals 10 x 3.3 mm, partly spreading, somewhat falcate, with a prominent dorsal keel, obliquely united to the base of the column. Petals 9.0 x 2.5 mm, spreadingdescendent, covering ¾ of the lateral sepals, oblong, apex widely rounded, acute, 3-veined, margin entire. Lip 4.0-5.0 x 6.8 mm, much wider than long, united to the column, widely cordiform, apex truncate, abruptly apiculate, margin minutely denticulate, ecallose. Column 6 mm long, short, thick, apex with a long, widely rounded lobe on each side. Clinandrium-hood ca. 1 mm long, very short, tridentate (with two wide sinuses), margin densely fimbriate. Anther 4-celled, long ovoid with the front sulcate and a low, rounded ridge down the middle, ending in a long, fimbriate appendage. Pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed, the outer pair slightly larger, caudicles soft and granulose, somewhat longer than the pollinia; viscidium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma prominent about half as long as the stigmatic cavity. Nectary deep, penetrating half of the pedicellate ovary, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known only from the lowlands of the Atlantic basin south of the Golfo de Urabá; epiphytic on Machaerium aff. capote Triana ex Dugand, at 20 m altitude. Flowering in April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum riverae belongs to the Nanodes Group, characterized by the caespitose to creeping, sympodial plants, the short stems completely covered by the base of the non-articulate, fleshy, imbricating leaves; and having sessile, few-flowered inflorescences. The new species is recognized by the low, creeping habit, no more than 2 cm tall, single flowered, sepals 10 mm long, column 6 mm long, sepals oblong, apex somewhat rounded, acute, clinandrium-hood, bifid, margin fimbriate, anther long ovoid ending in a long, fimbriate appendage. Epidendrum longirepens from the Amazon basin along the Colombian-Peruvian-Brazilian border, also has low, creeping habit which forms large mats, no more than 2 cm tall, single flowered inflorescence, small flowers, sepals 8.7-12.0 long, column 3.9-5.0 mm long, lip cordiform-sub-orbicular, clinandrium-hood entire, anther ovoid-circular, short, apical margin entire. Epidendrum schlechterianum Ames from Panama and the northwestern slope of the Chocó has a two-flowered inflorescence with relatively long, greenish purple to olive green flowers tinged with red, sepals oblong-lanceolate, 17-20 mm long, lip cordate-reniform, minutely apiculate, and the column 10-14 mm long with the anther elongate, sub-acute and apically fimbriate. Epidendrum congestum Rolfe has 2-3, much smaller flowers (sepals 7-10 mm long) and the lip cordiform with the apex acute, and the anther widely ovoid and apically truncate, the margin something dentate. Epidendrum congestoides Ames & C.Schweinf. also has a two-flowered inflorescence, but the flowers are smaller, green to reddish green, sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 8-10[13] mm long, the lip reniform-semi-orbicular, somewhat embracing the short column (4.5-5.8 [6.6] mm long) in natural position, and the anther is short, the margin fimbriate. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Cristian Camilo Rivera Jiménez, (1990-) of Tolima, Colombia, a Forestry Engineer, who specializes in trees and works on conservation projects in Colombia, and who collected and photographed the type specimen in its habitat. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The field work and photography were done in the context of a Neutral Carbon project developed by Banacol and ConTREEbute S.A.S. Cristian Rivera wishes to thank professors Boris Villanueva and Fernando Fernández for their support and his field companion Oscar Gómez. REFERENCES: Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2007, Epidendrum congestum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: pl. 920. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2007, Epidendrum congestoides, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: pl. 921. Santiago, E., & E. Hágsater, 2007, Epidendrum schlechterianum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: pl. 982. 14 Author: E. Hágsater Herbario AMO LCDP: C. C. Rivera & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: C. C. Rivera Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1751 EPIDENDRUM ROCIOAE Hágsater & Vásquez THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1752 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM ROCIOAE Hágsater et Vásquez, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Oxapampa: Dist. Huancabamba: Carretera San Daniel-Tunqui, bosque secundario en borde de carretera, 1645 m, 25 mayo 2009, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Rocío Rojas Gonzáles and Rigoberto Rivera Camaña 35730. Holotype: HOXA! Isotypes: MO, USM! Digital images of pretype: HOXA! AMO! (LCDP and photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum avicula Lindl. but the pseudobulbs cylindrical (vs. ovoid-fusiform pseudobulbs), 2 narrowly elliptic leaves of 3.55.0 cm long (vs. 1-2 ovate to elliptic leaves about 2.5 cm long), a long panicle about 23 cm long (vs. short panicle (ca. 10-18 cm long)), oblong-lanceolate sepals and linear-oblong petals (vs. lanceolate sepals and linear- lanceolate petals), lip hexagonal-rhombic about 3.2 mm long, sub-apiculate (vs. sub-rhombic lip about 4.5 mm long, acute). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, to 25 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, glabrous, thin. Stems 2.1-2.5 x 0.9 mm, simple, thickened, cylindrical pseudobulbs, terete, erect; partly covered by tubular, non-foliaceous, somewhat inflated sheath. Leaves 2, 3.5-5.0 x 1.6 x 1.9 cm, apical, suberect; blade narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, apex obtuse, margin entire. Inflorescence 23 cm long, apical, paniculate, erect, provided with several short racemes, laxly few-flowered, each raceme subtended by a narrowly triangular, acute, conduplicate bract 5 mm long; peduncle 5 cm long, thin, terete, short pilose; rachis 18 cm long, terete, straight, short pilose. Floral bracts 1-4 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, acute. Flowers ca. 24-30, 2-6 per raceme, simultaneous, non-resupinate, distichous, pale brown, lip ochre; fragrance not registered. Ovary 10-17 x 0.5 mm, terete, thin, slightly thickened towards the apical 1/5th, short pilose. Sepals 5-veined, margin entire, dorsal surface short pilose; dorsal sepal free, 5.0 x 2.0 mm, somewhat reflexed, narrowly oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse-rounded, minutely apiculate; lateral sepals connate along the basalinner 1/3 margin, 5.0-6.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm, partly spreading, oblong-lanceolate, slightly oblique, obtuse, minutely apiculate, margins entire. Petals 5.0 x 0.7-0.9 mm, free, spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, 1-veined, slightly falcate, margin entire. Lip 3.2 x 2.6 mm, obliquely united to the basal half of the column, entire, base widely cuneate, hexagonal-rhombic, widest near the base, apex short apiculate, margin entire; bicallose, the calli small, thin, laminar, nearly totally hidden beneath the apex of the column; disk somewhat pilose at the base between the calli. Column 3.0 mm long, forming a 110° angle with the ovary, slightly sigmoid when seen from the side, ending with a long rounded, narrow wing on each side. Clinandrium short, margin entire. Anther obreniform. Pollinia 4, obovoid, similar in size and shape. Rostellum apical, slit. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum rocioae belongs to the Lanium Group which is characterized by rhizomatous plants, the stems cane-like to pseudobulbous, leaves generally aggregate towards the apex, flowers non-resupinate, more or less pubescent, pollinia 2 or 4. The new species is recognized by the cylindrical pseudobulbs, 2 apical, sub-erect, elliptic leaves, inflorescence erect, paniculate; peduncle, rachis and ovaries short, densely pilose, rachis straight, sepals dorsally short pilose, petals narrowly oblong, margin entire, lip entire, base widely cuneate, hexagonal-rhombic, widest near the base, apex short apiculate, margin entire. Epidendrum avicula Lindl. has fusiform-ovoid stems, ovate leaves 2.5 cm long, the panicle about 7-10 cm long, lanceolate sepals, linear petals, a sub-rhombic lip of 4.5 mm long, with 2 keels in the disk. Epidendrum berkeleyi (Rolfe) Baptista has linear-oblong stems, 2-3 leaves, oblong, sub-acute, apiculate, an inflorescence about 5-10 cm long, lanceolate sepals, petals linear-filiform, and a lip for 4.8 mm long, ovate, concave, with the base of the disk bidentate. Epidendrum ecuadorense (Schltr.) Hágsater & Zambrano has 10 cm tall plants including the inflorescence with a fusiformcylindric pseudobulb, leaves narrowly oblong to oblong-ligulate, about 2.5 cm long, sepals ovate-lanceolate, lateral sepals oblique, petals oblique-linear, sub-acute, an ovate lip, concave, 4 mm long with 3 prominent keels in the disk, column about 2 mm long. Epidendrum flexuoecallosum Hágsater & E.Santiago has up to 6.5 cm long stems with 3-6 elliptic-Ianceolate leaves distributed throughout, spreading, linear petals with margins densely ciliate, and an ecallose, 3-lobed lip with two short cunicula at the base. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known presently only from the type collection. ETYMOLOGY: In honor of Rocío del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles (1968-) born in Iquitos, Loreto, currently living in Oxapampa, a Botanist, specialized in Gesneriaceae, curator at HOXA, who participated in the collection of the type. REFERENCES: Baptista, D.H., 2005, Epidendrum berkeleyi, in Novas combinações de Nomenclatura, Bol. CAOB 58: 49-51. Lindley, J., 1841, Epidendrum avicula, in J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 85. Schlechter, F.R.F., 1921, Lanium ecuadorense in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 89. Rolfe, R. A., 1894, Lanium berkeleyi, in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 392. Hágsater, E., & E. Santiago, 2007, Epidendrum flexuoecallosum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 6, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 938. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & R. Vásquez Herbario AMO LCDP: R. Vásquez & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: R. Vásquez Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1752 EPIDENDRUM TRULLATUM Hágsater, L.Valenz. & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1753 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM TRULLATUM Hágsater, L.Valenz. et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERU: Junín: Prov. Satipo, Dist. Pampa Hermosa, Pui Pui Protection Forest, 3309 m, 13 X 2014, Luis Valenzuela 28543, Holotype: HOXA! (illustration and photo voucher.) Isotypes: MO! USM! Similar to Epidendrum cardenasii Hágsater, vegetatively very similar, flowers somewhat larger, sepals 17-18 x 3.5-4.0 mm (vs. 1213 x 5-6 mm), and lip trullate, apex acute to rounded, 11-15 x 10.0-11.5 mm, (vs. reniform, bilobed, apically emarginate with a thick mucro in the sinus, 9-10 x 11.3-12.5 mm, lobes semi-ovate). Epiphytic, sympodial, erect herb, 15-21 cm tall. Roots 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, thin, simple, white. Stems 15.5 x 0.3-0.5 cm, simple, cane-like, slightly sinuous, produced from near the apex of the previous stem, terete at base, laterally compressed towards the apex; base covered with sheaths 1.0-1.8 cm long, non-foliar, becoming scarious and fibrous. Leaves 9-11, distributed throughout the upper half of the stem, articulate, distichous, sub-spreading in respect to the stem, sub-coriaceous; sheaths 8-17 x 0.4-0.5 mm, tubular, laterally compressed, somewhat infundibuliform in dry specimen, minutely striated, rugose; blade 3.5-5.5 x 0.4-0.7 cm; lanceolateoblong, acuminate, margin entire, slightly revolute. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 1.5 cm long (4 cm long including the flowers), apical, 1-3-flowered, arcuate-nodding, flowering only once; peduncle 10 mm long, laterally compressed, erect, arcuate, without bracts; rachis 5 mm long. Floral bracts 4-6 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, narrowly triangular, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 1-3, opening in succession, eventually all open at once, resupinate, membranaceous, color pale green; fragrance none. Ovary 17-19 mm long, terete, thin at the base, gradually dilated at the apex. Sepals 17-18 x 3.5-4.0 mm, spreading, free, lanceolate, acuminate, 3veined, lateral veins sometimes branching then appearing 4-veined, margin entire, spreading; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals 16 x 0.3 mm, free, spreading, lanceolate-linear, acuminate, 1-veined, margin entire, spreading. Lip 11-15 x 10.0-11.5 mm, trullate to angular-ovate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire, spreading, calli 2, divergent, sub-globose; disc with 3 parallel narrow ridges forming a pair of adaxial grooves. Column 7 mm long, thin, straight. Anther not seen. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary penetrating half the pedicellate ovary. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja; Dist. Tintay Puncu; Anexo Llihuapampa; bosque Usnopata, 6 km al suroeste del anexo, 2800-3300 m, 16 X 2010, Luis Enrique Egoavil Arroyo 7, HOXA! OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently from two collections from central Peru, in the Departments of Huancavelica and Junín, epiphytic in spiny steppe forest of Puna at 2800-3300 m altitude. Flowering in October. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum trullatum belongs to the Soratae Group, characterized by the branching habit, superposed stems, infundibuliform, rugose leaf-sheaths, lanceolate-oblong, aristate leaves, no spathe, and a compact, racemose, nutant inflorescence on a short peduncle. The new species can be recognized by the 17-18 x 3.5-4.0 mm long sepals, lanceolate-linear petals, trullate to angular-ovate lip 11-15 x 10.0-11.5 mm, acuminate to rounded at the apex. Epidendrum cardenasii from Bolivia has smaller flowers, sepals 12-13 x 5-6 mm, and the lip 9-10 x 11.3-12.5 mm, reniform, bilobed, apically emarginate with a thick mucro in the sinus, lobes semi-ovate. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known presently from a pair of collections within protected natural areas. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin trullatus, in unequally rhomboid, like a bricklayer's trowel, wider below the middle, in reference to the shape of the lip. REFERENCE: Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum cardenasii, in E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 320. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater, Luis Valenzuela G. & Elizabeth Santiago Herbario AMO Illustrator: L. Valenzuela G. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: L. Valenzuela G. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1753 EPIDENDRUM TUNDAYCIRRHATUM Hágsater & Tobar THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1754 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM TUNDAYCIRRHATUM Hágsater et Tobar, sp. nov. Type: ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: El Pangui: Tundayme, Cordillera del Cóndor, laderas del tepuí andino vía Canales, 1561-1600 m, 10 abril 2017. Francisco Tobar, Gerardo A. Salazar, Itzi Fragoso, Adriana Benítez & Juan Carlos Monge sub Eric Hágsater 15216. Holotype: QCNE!* (LCDP voucher) Similar to Epidendrum xeliodonourum Hágsater & H.Medina, the flowers green turning olive-green to brown, column and lip white turning yellow (vs. flowers pale green, column and lip white), sepals 9 mm long (vs. sepals 6.4-7.0 mm long), apical lobes of lip uncinate, cirrose lobes, involute in natural position (vs. apical lobes of lip linear triangular, acuminate, arching-divaricate). Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose, erect herb, 20-30 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 2 mm in diameter, fleshy, slightly thick, white. Stems 9.5-12.5 x 0.3 cm, terete, cane-like, thin, erect, simple; entirely covered by non-foliar sheaths 10-13 x 3 mm, tubular, acute, scarious when dry, very thin. Leaves 4-5, distributed in the apical half of the stem, erect, sub-coriaceous; blade 3.8-5.9 x 0.9-1.4 cm, lanceolate, acute, margin entire, extended, concolor, green. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 6.4-6.9 cm long, racemose, few-flowered, apical, erect, green; peduncle 2.1 cm long, short, terete, slightly thick covered by 2-3 unequal, imbricated, lanceolate, acute, conduplicate bracts, the longer one 2.7-3.0 x 0.6 cm long, green tinged with purple; rachis 3.3 cm, terete, short, green. Floral bracts 6-11 x 2 mm, covering the entire ovary, progressively shorter towards the apex of the inflorescence, lanceolate to triangular, acute, embracing. Ovary 9 mm long, thick, arcuate, not inflated, smooth, green. Flowers 8 per raceme, successive, non-resupinate, sepals and petals green turning to olive-green to brown, the lip and column white turning yellow; no fragrance registered. Sepals 9 x 3 mm, spreading, free, acute, concave, margin entire; dorsal sepal, 5-veined, widely lanceolate; lateral sepals 3-veined, elliptic-lanceolate, dorsally carinate. Petals 8 x 4 mm, spreading, free, fleshy, broadly oblanceolate to sub-spatulate, apex acute, 1-veined, margin entire. Lip 10 x 7 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, somewhat concave in natural position, base deeply cordate; lateral lobes 4 x 2 mm, dolabriform, margin undulate to erose; mid-lobe 6.0 x 4.8 mm, basal half cuneate, elongate, then bilobed, forming 2 prominent uncinate, cirrose lobes, involute in natural position; disk 3-ribbed elongated to the apical sinus, the mid-rib prominent especially at the base; bicallose, calli sub-redounded, prominent, elongate, parallel. Column 6 mm long, slightly arcuate, margin undulate at the apex. Clinandrium-hood short, margin entire. Anther ovoid, apex acute. Pollinia not seen. Rostellum not seen. Lateral lobes stigmatic cavity not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: El Pangui: Tundayme, Cordillera del Cóndor, laderas del tepuí andino vía Canales, 1647 m, 10 VII 2017, Donoso s.n., digital images, AMO! (photo voucher). Ecuagenera, viveros en Gualaceo, from Tundayme, Cordillera de Condor, flowered 23 X 2016, Hágsater 14808, digital images, AMO! [previously cited under Epidendrum xelidonourum (Hágsater & Medina, 2018]. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the type locality in Tundayme. Epiphytic in wet tropical forest, at 1561-1600 m altitude, on the western slopes of the Cordillera del Cóndor, an Andean Tepui. Flowering in April. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum tundaycirrhatum belongs to the Bicirrhatum Group, a small group of species which has appeared recently and is characterized by the caespitose habit, simple, leafy, short stems, a compact, nodding inflorescence, conspicuous bracts about as long as the ovary, numerous fleshy, green and/or white flowers with the mid-lobe deeply bilobate, the lobules sometimes cirrose, the thin pollinia, and unequal, the inner pair smaller, without being of the bird-wing-type. The new species is recognized by the green turning olive-green tepals and lip white turning yellow, sepals 9 mm long, mid-lobe of the lip cuneate at the base, and bilobed forming two uncinate, cirrose lobes which are involute in natural position. Epidendrum enantilobum Hágsater has green to cream-colored flowers; lip and column white, sepals 4-5 mm long sepals, lateral lobes falcate-oblong, mid-lobe forming two opposite narrow ciliate lobes. Epidendrum xelidonourum has very pale greenish white to ochre flowers; base of the sepals, petals and column green, column and lip white, lateral lobes of the lip ¼ circle, mid-lobe basal half subrectangular, slightly slimmer at the middle, apical half bilobed, lobes linear triangular, acuminate, arching-divaricate, reminiscent of the tail of barn swallows. Epidendrum brachyblastum has sepals, 6.0-6.8 mm long, narrow hemi-ovate lateral lobes of the lip, and deep green flowers with lip and apical half of the column snow white. Epidendrum hugomedinae Hágsater has snow-white flowers with keels of the lip tinged violet and the obcuneate mid-lobe formed by two, rounded, somewhat divergent, lobes. Epidendrum bicirrhatum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, from northern Peru, has pale cream-orange flowers with the base of the sepals and petals green, tips of the keels of the lip lavender; flowers are similarly sized, sepals being 4.6-5.2 mm long, lip has denticulate margins on sub-orbicular lateral lobes and cirrose lobules on mid-lobe. The Bolivian E. ophidion Dodson & Vásquez is quite similar to the latter, but has successive, yellow flowers with three purple lines on disc, pustulate sepals 6-8 mm long, and dolabriform lateral lobes with a crenulate margin. Epidendrum tiwinzaënse Hágsater & Dodson species has green flowers with a white lip and apical half of column, sepals some 7 mm long, and a lip terminating in a pair of cirrose lobes. COSERVATION STATUS: EN. Endangered. The sole locality where it was collected in April 2017, has been totally razed in the preparation of land for extensive mining. ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the locality of Tundayme, where the type was collected, and the Latin cirrhatum, which refers to the two apical lobes of the mid-lobe of the lip, characteristic of this group of species. *ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Collections made under framework contract “Diversidad Genética del Ecuador” MAE-DNB-CM 2016-0045, Insituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO. “Investigando las causas de la megadiversidad. Factores asociados a la diversificación macroevolutiva de cuatro grupos vegetales neotropicales”. REFERENCES: Bennet, Jr., D. E., & E. A. Christenson, 1998, Epidendrum bicirrhatum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, in Orchids of Peru, Icon. Orchid. Peruv. pl. 453. Dodson, C. H., & R. Vásquez, 1989, Epidendrum ophidion in Orchids of Bolivia, Icon. Pl. Trop. ser. 2, 4: pl. 331. Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 2004, Epidendrum brachyblastum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 713. Hágsater, E., & C. H. Dodson, 2004, Epidendrum tiwinzaënse, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 4, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 795. Hágsater, E., & H. Medina, 2018, Epidendrum xelidonourum, in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 12, Icon. Orchid. 16: t. 1666. Authors: E. Hágsater & F. Tobar Herbario AMO LCDP: F. Tobar & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: J. J. Donoso Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1754 EPIDENDRUM VESICINANUM Hágsater & L.Valenz. THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1755 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM VESICINANUM Hágsater et L.Valenz., sp. nov. Type: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa: Dist. Villa Rica: Sector Alto Ubiriki, Bosque de Protección San Matías San Carlos, 1800 m, 15 II 2017, Luis Valenzuela & Jaime Flores 31368. Holotype: HOXA! Isotypes: MO x 2! USM! flowering stem in spirit, AMO! (illustration & photo voucher). Similar to Epidendrum tingo-mariae Hágsater, but ovary inflated ventrally near the apex due to long nectary (vs. ovary thin throughout, nectary short without penetrating the ovary), flowers larger, sepals 5.6-6.0 mm long (vs. sepals 4.5 x 2.0 mm), mid-lobe of lip 2.2 x 0.9 mm, lanceolate (vs. triangular, 1.7 mm long) and lateral lobes of lip small, about 1/3 the length of the mid-lobe, transversely elliptic (vs. lateral lobes suborbicular about 1/2 the length of the mid-lobe). Epiphytic, sympodial, pendulous, herb, 4.4-6.7 cm long, including the inflorescence. Roots 1.0 mm in diameter, basal from the initial stem, filiform. Stems 3.6-5.9 x 0.1-0.2 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, straight, gradually becoming slightly thinner and shorter, new stems produced from near the base of the previous one. Leaves 6-12, aggregate along the stem, light green concolor, alternate, articulate, spreading, unequal in size, the lower ones generally larger, sub-coriaceous, twisted at the base so as to be in the same plane as the stem; sheaths 3.8-4.5 mm long, tubular, laterally compressed, light green; blade 0.9-1.8 x 0.4-0.6 cm, ovate-lanceolate, acute, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 1.5 cm long, apical, racemose, sub-umbellate, straight; peduncle reduced, laterally compressed, straight, light green; rachis 5.6 mm long, short, laterally compressed to terete, thick, straight. Floral bracts ca. 3.0-6.4 mm long, prominent, almost the same length as the ovary, decreasing towards the apex, ovate-triangular, acute, margin slightly dentate, light green. Flowers 4-7, simultaneous, resupinate, light green, lip with light green overtone, column white, turning green towards the apex; fragrance not registered. Ovary ca. 8 mm long, terete, thin, inflated ventrally, forming a vesicle along the apical half of the pedicel, striated, pale green. Sepals 5.6-6.0 x 1.8-2.0 mm, spreading, free, acute, glabrous, 3-veined, margin entire, revolute; dorsal sepal lanceolate; lateral sepals oblanceolate, with a low dorsal keel at the apex, laterally compress, margin erose. Petals 5.0 x 0.5 mm, partly spreading, free, linear, acute, 1-veined, margin entire. Lip 3.1 x 2.5 mm, united to the column, trilobate, lanceolate in general form, base truncate, fleshy, margin entire; lateral lobes 0.5-1.0 x 0.4-0.5 mm, reduced, transversely elliptic, somewhat divergent; mid-lobe 2.2 x 0.9 mm, lanceolate, longer than wide, reflexed, apex obtuse; bicallose, the calli basal, small, semi-globose, redounded, parallel; disc glabrous. Column 3.5 mm long, slightly thicker at the apex, curved towards the apex. Clinandrium-hood short, margin undulate. Anther sub-redounded, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, slightly laterally compressed. Rostellum sub-apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma small, almost the length of the stigmatic cavity. Nectary deep, penetrating 1/3 of the pedicellate ovary, inflated, unornamented. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector San Daniel, 2362 m, 20 II 2011, Briceño 816, HOXA! Ibid. 2200-2500 m, 6 III 2006, Vásquez 30964, MO. Ibid. 2200-2500 m, 13 III 2006, Vásquez 31142, MO! Ibid. 2200-2500 m, 14 III 2006, Vásquez 31174, HOXA! HUT, MO, USM. Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector San Daniel, borde de la laguna San Daniel, 2363 m, 23 II 2008, Vásquez 33631, HOXA! MO, USM! MO, USM! Dist. Chontabamba; Alto Gramazú al borde del Rio Machis, 2087 m, 20 XII 2007, Rojas 4991. HOXA! USM! MO, HUT. OTHER RECORDS: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa: Dist. Huancabamba: Parque Nacional de Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector Tunki, Bosque primario montano, 1800-1876 m, 8-17 II 2008, Acuña & Flores 4. Digital images, AMO! Illustration, AMO! DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén in the general area of Oxapampa, Pasco, at 1800-2400 m altitude, epiphytic in primary montane forest. Flowering in February-March. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum vesicinanum belongs to the Nanum Group, which is characterized by the Dichaea like pendulous stems, the inflorescence produced by pairs of opposite flowers, without spathaceous bracts, but with prominent floral bracts. The new species is recognized by the green flowers, inflated nectary at the apical half of the pedicellate ovary, and the small column. Epidendrum integrinanum Hágsater has large, caespitose plants (about ca. 6-30 cm long), widely lanceolate leaves, with cream-greenish tone flowers, resupinate, with dorsal sepal oblanceolate, and lateral sepals oblanceolate-elliptic (9.3-9.6 x 2.5-2.6 mm) and by the small sub-entire lip, 4.0 x 2.5 mm, the mid-lobe triangular (longer than wide) and the lateral lobes very reduced, hemi-orbicular and redounded. Epidendrum bonitense Hágsater & Dodson has long plants (10-30 cm), stems horizontal to hanging, all covered with ancipitose sheaths, flowers glaucous green with a faint purple tinge, a long ovary (12 mm), long sepals and petals (12 mm and 10 mm, respectively), a trilobate lip (5 mm long), with mid-lobe subrectangular. Epidendrum leuconanum Hágsater & L.Valenz., is found in the same general area of Oxapampa, but in low montane forest on white sand and has apical and axillary inflorescences, with pale greenish white flowers and the pedicellate ovary thin, not inflated, with a 3lobed lip, lateral lobes 1.1 x 1.3 mm and the mid-lob 2.0 x 1.5 mm long. Epidendrum tingo-mariae Hágsater has an arched column with a prominent, erose clinandrium, green flowers, with the anther also green, and the short nectary that does not penetrate further than the perianth and thus ovary thin throughout. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin vesicula, an inflated bladder, and the Greek nanum, dwarf, in reference to the inflated nectary behind the perianth, which distinguishes this species, from the closely similar and sympatric Epidendrum microlobonanum which has white flowers and a thin pedicel. Both belong to the Nanum Group. REFERENCES: Hágsater, E., 1999, Epidendrum tingo-mariae, E. Hágsater, L. Sánchez S. & J. García-Cruz (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 2, Icon. Orchid. 3: t. 388.E. Hágsater, & C.H. Dodson, 1993, Epidendrum bonitense in E. Hágsater & G.A. Salazar (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 1, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 113. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum integrinanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1729. Hágsater, E., & L. Valenzuela, 2019, Epidendrum leuconanum in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1), t. 1732. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & L. Valenzuela G. Herbario AMO Illustrator: R. Jiménez M. Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: L. Valenzuela G. Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1755 EPIDENDRUM XELIDORIMARACHINII Hágsater & E.Santiago THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM PART 13 Plate 1756 ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019 EPIDENDRUM XELIDORIMARACHINII Hágsater et E.Santiago, sp. nov. Type: PERÚ: Cajamarca: Provincia San Ignacio; Distrito San José de Lourdes; cerca del Crucero, caserío Villa Rica, 1650 m, 10 VI 2018, Luis Ocupa Horna & Edwal Adelmo Rimarachin Mena 202. Holotype: HUT! (LCDP and photo voucher) Similar to Epidendrum incomptum Rchb.f. but the mid-lobe of the lip bifurcate, formed by a pair of triangular divergent lobes forming a nearly 90° angle (vs. mid-lobe entire, sub-quadrate, apex rounded and short apiculate). Epiphytic, sympodial, erect herb 20-2 cm tall, where each new growth originates from a middle to sub-apical internode of the previous growth. Stems 8-12 x 0.4 cm, erect, simple, cane-like, thin, terete, stems straight, progressively shorter, covered by several non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 3-6, distributed along the apical half of the stems, alternate, somewhat conduplicate at the base; blade 1.4-6.6 x 1.1-2.2 cm, sub-equal, lanceolate, acute, green, concolor. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence 3.5-8.7 cm, apical, racemose, arching, nutant; peduncle 1.3-2.4 cm long, slightly laterally compressed, not ancipitose; rachis 2.7-8.0 cm long. Floral bracts ca. 4 mm long, much shorter than the ovary, triangular, acute, embracing. Flowers 5-7, opening in succession, eventually all open at once, resupinate; sepals and petals green, lip brown, calli green to yellow; fragrance not registered. Ovary 11 mm long, not inflated, thin, terete at base, slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals 13-15 x 6-9 mm, spreading, free, fleshy, acute, slightly incurved, 6-veined, margins entire, spreading; dorsal sepals elliptic-lanceolate; lateral sepals elliptic. Petals 13-15 x 3-4 mm, spreading, oblanceolate, acute, fleshy, 3-veined, margin slightly erose, spreading. Lip 13-15 x 22-23 mm, united to the column, 3-lobed, slightly convex, margins entire, spreading; lateral lobes 9-10 x 8.5 mm, semi-obovate, base widely cordate, posterior margin semi-obovate, front margin straight; mid-lobe 4 x 8 mm, deeply bifurcate, formed by a pair of triangular divergent lobes forming a nearly 90° angle, each triangle 4.0 x 2.5 mm, apex narrowly rounded; calli two, separate, nearly parallel, long, dorsally rounded, lip with a prominent, low, wide mid-rib nearly reaching the apical sinus. Column 11 mm long, thickened towards the apex, green. Clinandrium-hood reduced, margin entire. Anther reniform, 4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, slightly laterally compressed. Rostellum apical, slit. Lateral lobes of the stigma not seen. Nectary not seen. Capsule not seen. OTHER SPECIMENS: None seen. OTHER RECORDS: None seen. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Known presently only from the type in northern Peru, just south of the border with Ecuador, at about 1670 m altitude. RECOGNITION: Epidendrum xelidorimarachinii belongs to the Incomptum Group, which is characterized by the erect habit with successive lateral growths produced from the middle of the previous growth, few leaves aggregate towards the apex of the stems, roots produced generally only from the base of the primordial stem, inflorescences are short with fleshy yellowish to green to violet-green to black flowers with short ovaries, the lip entire to 3-lobed. The species is recognized by the acute sepals, lateral sepals elliptic, dorsal elliptic-lanceolate, petals oblanceolate, 3-veined, lip 3-lobed, slightly convex, margins entire, spreading; lateral lobes 9-10 x 8.5 mm, semi-obovate, base widely cordate, posterior side semi-obovate, front margin straight; mid-lobe 4 x 8 mm, deeply bifurcate, formed by a pair of triangular divergent lobes forming a nearly 90° angle, each triangle 4.0 x 2.5 mm, apex narrowly rounded. Epidendrum incomptum has a dense inflorescence with up to 20 flowers; lip 3-lobed, ecallose, divaricate lateral lobes with the forward edge usually straight and a sub-quadrate, minutely apiculate mid-lobe. Epidendrum rimarachinii Hágsater has a similar appearance but has a completely different lip, 13-15 x 22-23 mm, 3-lobed, obreniform in general outline, lateral margins strongly revolute in natural position, base cordate, apex strongly emarginate, bicallose; lateral lobes 9 x 16.5 mm, transversely obovate, wider towards the apex; mid-lobe 2.5 x 6.5 mm, formed by two small, semi-orbicular lobes with a deep sinus in the middle. CONSERVATION STATUS: DD. Data deficient. Known presently only from the type. ETYMOLOGY: From the Greek χελιδον, a swallow, and Rimarachin, in reference to the resemblance between the mid-lobe of the lip (when spread) to the tail of the Barn Swallow; and Edwal Adelmo Rimarachin Mena (1995- ), of San José de Lourdes, Cajamarca, Peru, who brought this species to our attention. He is an Agricultural technician of the Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público “4 de junio de 1821”, Jaén; grower, collector and protector of orchids. He rescues species from disturbed forests and safeguards them in a family vivarium in order to conserve the genetic material. REFERENCES: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago, 2006, Epidendrum incomptum in E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), The Genus Epidendrum, Parte 5, Icon. Orchid. 8: t. 844. Hágsater, E., 2019, Epidendrum rimarachinii in E. Hágsater & E. Santiago (eds.) The Genus Epidendrum, Part 13, Icon. Orchid. 17(1): t. 1750. 12 Authors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago Herbario AMO LCDP: E. A. Rimarachin & A. Cisneros Ciudad de México, MÉXICO Photo: E. A. Rimarachin Editors: E. Hágsater & E. Santiago ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM 17(1). 2019. Plate 1756

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