Brittonia, 42(2), 1990, pp. 138-141. 9 1990, by the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 J A L C O P H I L A BOLIVIENSIS, A NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH A M E R I C A N ASTERACEAE (GNAPHALIEAE) ARNE A. ANDERBERGAND SUSANA E. FREIRE Anderberg, Arne A. (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden) and Susana E. Freire (Divisi6n Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina). Jalcophila boliviensis, a new species of South American Asteraceae (Gnaphalieae). Brittonia 42: 138-141. 1990.--The new species, Jaleophila boliviensis (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) is described and illustrated. A discussion of the systematic position of Jalcophila Dillon & Sag,fist. and a key to the three species of the genus are presented. In the revision of Lucilia Cass., Freire (1986) placed Lucilia hypoleuca (a nom. nud. given by Schultz-Bipontinus, 1865, to a Mandon collection from Bolivia) among invalid names of Lucilia. The major part of Mandon's Bolivian collections were housed at Berlin and destroyed during the war, and no material of Mandon's plant could be traced by Freire for her revision. The present authors have now found a duplicate of the plant in the Regnellian herbarium at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S). This material (Mandon 179) is not a Lucilia, but a yet undescribed species of Jalcophila Dillon & Sagest. This is a genus hitherto comprising two small, caespitose perennials with solitary capitula becoming more or less pedunculate in fruit. The capitula are heterogamous with the outer, filiform, female flowers outnumbering the inner hermaphroditic ones. The cypselas of the types of both J. peruviana Dillon & Sagfist. and J. ecuadoriensis Dillon & Sagfist., which in the protologue (Dillon & Sag~tstegui, 1986) were stated to be glabrous, are in fact provided with minute, globose twin-hairs which emit mucilage when soaked. These trichomes are of the same type as those occurring in some species ofLucilia (sensu Freire, 1986), as well as in Gamochaeta Wedd., and Stuckertiella Beauverd. The pappus bristles are basally fused in a ring and are deciduous as a unit. Systematic position of Jalcophila The Andean, South American genus Jalcophila with its two species was described by Dillon and Sagfistegui (1986). The genus was placed in the Lucilia group of the Inuleae--Gnaphaliinae sensu Merxm/iller et al. (1977) (=tribus Gnaphalieae sensu Anderberg, 1989). This group was defined by having style-branches with sweeping-hairs dorsally and not only apically as the rest of the Gnaphalieae. This Lucilia group has later (Anderberg, in prep.) proved to be highly polyphyletic, comprising representatives from three different monophyletic groups. Jalcophila itself is, however, still considered a member of the Lucilia group in the strict sense, a monophyletic subgroup of the Gnaphalieae--Gnaphaliinae including also Lucilia, Berroa Beauverd, Facelis Cass., Chevreulia Cass., and Cuatrecasasiella H. Robinson. Among other characters, the genera of this group differ from other representatives of Merxmiiller's so called "'Lucilia group" in having only 2 vascular bundles in the cypselas. Mniodes (A. Gray) Benth., Raouliopsis S. F. Blake, and Loricaria Wedd., which were also included in the "Lucilia group" by Merxmiiller et al. (1977), all have 5 vascular strands. A cladistic analysis of the generic interrelationships of the Gnaphalieae corroborates the notion that Jalcophila with the rest of the genera mentioned above should be kept apart from Loricaria, Mniodes, and Raouliopsis on one hand and Gnaphaliothamnus Kirp. and Chion- 1990] ANDERBERG & FREIRE" JALCOPHILA 139 olaena DC., on the other. The latter two genera also have two vascular strands in the cypselas, but due to a set o f other characters are related to quite another group o f the Gnaphalieae (Anderberg, in prep.). Jalcophila differs from Gamochaeta in having pedunculate capitula at maturity, and in having dorsally papillose style-branches. T h e new species share these derived characters with the two other species o f Jalcophila. T h e m a n y flowered capitula found in J. boliviensis represents the plesiomorphic condition found in all the related genera and is not a criterion o f close relationship between this species and e.g. Gamochaeta. Jalcophila peruviana has 5-lobed h e r m a p h r o d i t i c flowers while J. ecuadoriensis as well as our new species, J. boliviensis, have 4-lobed hermaphroditic flowers. Short (1981) showed that the n u m b e r o f corolla lobes often corresponds to the breeding system o f Australian taxa o f the Gnaphalieae. T h e 5-lobed taxa were shown by Short to be sexual outbreeders with m a n y well developed pollen grains in each theca o f the anthers. The 4-lobed taxa on the other hand were generally autogamous inbreeders with few not so well developed pollen grains in each theca. W h e n anthers o f the three Jalcophila species were investigated we found the 5-lobed J. peruviana to have about 40 pollen grains in each theca, but the 4-lobed J. ecuadoriensis had only 15 to 20. The material o f J. boliviensis has released its pollen, thus having an unknown pollen/ovule ratio. The observations o f the pollenovule ratio in Jalcophila as c o m p a r e d with the n u m b e r o f corolla lobes agree with Short's conclusion, and perhaps the future will show J. ecuadoriensis and J. boliviensis to be a pair o f closely related inbreeders in contrast to the outbreeding sister species, J. peruviana. A cladistic analysis o f the intrageneric relationships in the Lucilia group together with a vicariance biogeographical analysis o f the group will be presented in a forthcoming paper (Anderberg & Freire, in press). In this paper J. boliviensis was found to be the sister taxon o f J. ecuadoriensis. Jalcophila boliviensis Anderb. & Freire, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Herba perennis, caespitosa, caulibus abbreviatis. Foliacaulina rosulata, sessilia; lamina linearis 1415 mm longa, 0.5 mm lata, coriacea, 3-costata, margine revoluta, apice acuta mucronata, basi adpresse dilatata, supra glabra, infra dense albido-tomentosa. Capitula heterogama, campanulata, 3-3.5 mm longa, 3-4 mm lata, solitaria, ad anthesin sessilia, post anthesin in pedunculo filiformi, tenuissime arachnoideo disposita. Bracteae involucri 3-4 seriatae, subaequales, flores superantes, scariosae, stramineae, margine laciniatae, extimae ovato-lanceolatae, apice acutae vel subacutae; intimae lanceolatae, obtusae; stereoma indivisum. Receptaculum convexum, epaleatum, breviter tuberculosum. Flores feminei ca 50, corolla filiformi. Floreshermaphroditica 5, corolla tubulosa 4-1obata. Styli rami truncati, dorso breviter pilosi. Antherum appendix apicalis parvus deltoideus, acutus et caudiculae parvae. Cypsela cylindrica vel ovoidea, pilis globosis myxogenis conspersa. Pappisetae corollam aequantes, basi in annulum concrelae, cellulae apicem versus acutae. Perennial herb with leaf rosettes crowning a short w o o d y rhizome. Leaves linear, sessile and clasping the stem, 14-15 m m long, 0.5 m m wide, 3-veined, upper surface glabrous, lower surface white-woolly; apex acute, mucronate; base broad, shortly adpressed; margins slightly revolute. Capitula heterogamous, broadly campanulate, ca 3.5 m m long, 3-4 m m wide, solitary, sessile but becoming pedunculate with age. Peduncles at maturity ca 4 m m long, sparsely arachnoid. Involucral bracts ca 25, in 3 or 4 series, subequal, scarious, slightly laciniate, stramineous, ovate, outer 3 m m long, 1 m m wide, inner o v a t e slightly longer. Receptacle convex, epaleate, somewhat tubercled. Female flowers ca 50, corolla filiform, 2-2.5 m m long, apically glandular-hairy. Style bifid ca 3 m m long, minutely papillose, styl o p o d i u m distinct. Cypselas narrowly elliptic somewhat less than 1 m m long, with minute, 2-celled, globose, myxogenic twin-hairs. Pappus o f m a n y scabrid bristles fused into a basal ring, apically with acute cells. Hermaphroditic flowers ca 5, 140 BRITrONIA [VOL. 4 2 9 ',. "i I 'i B D C jA, = j B-C, = F-G,O-R, = ii, I = J, M N l , ~ti'r , O K L I11 P Q R QO lcm 5mm 0.1mm i D-E, ~ H,K-N, , 70 E I tt J 0 lmm 0.5ram 0.3mm 50um FIG. 1. Jalcophila boliviensis Anderb. & Freire (Mandon 179, S), drawn by Susana Freire. A. Plant. B. Leaf, upper surface. C. Leaf, lower surface. D. Aseptate flagellate leaf hair. E. Glandular leaf hair. F. Female flower. G. Hermaphroditic flower. H. Stamen. I. Apical part of pappus bristles with acute cells. J. Cypsela hair emitting mucilage. K. Cypsela of hermaphroditic flower. L. Cypsela of female flower. M. Style of female flower. N. Style of hermaphroditic flower. O R . Involucral bracts. 1990] ANDERBERG & FREIRE" JALCOPHILA 141 c o r o l l a t u b u l a r , s h o r t l y 4 - l o b e d , c a m p a n u l a t e a b o v e , ca 2.5 m m long, a p i c a U y g l a n d u l a r - h a i r y . S t y l e b i f i d c a 3 m m long; s t y l e - b r a n c h e s t r u n c a t e a n d d o r s a l l y with obtuse sweeping hairs. Anthers 4 with a small acute apical appendage and s h o r t tails w h i c h a r e s l i g h t l y l o n g e r t h a n t h e f i l a m e n t collar. Cypselas n a r r o w l y e l l i p t i c , s o m e w h a t less t h a n 1 m m long, w i t h m i n u t e 2-celled, g l o b o s e , m y x o g e n i c t w i n - h a i r s . P a p p u s o f a l m o s t s m o o t h , c a p i l l a r y b r i s t l e s f u s e d i n t o a b a s a l ring, d e c i d u o u s as a u n i t , a p i c a l l y w i t h a c u t e cells. C h r o m o s o m e n u m b e r u n k n o w n . TYPE: B O L I V I A . LARECAJA: V i c i n i s S o r a t a a d s c e n s u al A n i l o y a a d l a c u m J u r i g u a n a et a d c u l m e n M o n t i c u l a e C h u m b r i r u , 4 1 0 0 - 4 5 0 0 m , J a n - F e b 18 59, M a n don 1 7 9 (HOLOTYPE: S!). N O T E : T h e n e w s p e c i e s is d e s c r i b e d o n t h e m a t e r i a l c a l l e d L u c i l i a hypoleuca b y W e d d e l l a c c o r d i n g t o S c h u l t z - B i p o n t i n u s i n L i n n a e a 34: 532. 1865. T h e l a t t e r is, h o w e v e r , a n a m e w i t h o u t n o m e n c l a t u r a l status. D i s t r i b u t i o n : E n d e m i c t o w e s t e r n B o l i v i a , n e a r L a k e T i t i c a c a (Fig. 1). K e y t o t h e s p e c i e s o f Jalcophila 1 Leaves shorter, 3.5-5 mm x 0.5-1.5 ram, apex obtuse; capitula with 5 or 6 flowers; hermaphroditic flowers with 5-lobed corolla; apical cells of pappus bristles distinctly and conspicuously clavate; cypsela hairs globose, with a basal cell ........J. peruviana Dillon & Saghst. 1 Leaves longer, 6-15 mm x 0.5-2 ram, apex acute and mucronate; capitula with more than l0 flowers; hermaphroditic flowers with 4-lobed corolla; apical cells of pappus bristles slightly clavate or acute; cypsela hairs with or without basal cell. 2 Leaves 6-9 mm long; capitula with 10-12 flowers; cypsela hairs dimorphic: both globose and elongated hairs present, both with basal cell; apical pappus cells slightly clavate .... .......................................................................................................................................................................J. ecuadoriensis Dillon & Sagfist. 2 Leaves 14-15 mm long; capitula with ca 60 flowers; cypsela hairs globose, without a basal cell; apical pappus cells acute ......................................................................................... J. boliviensis Anderb. & Freire Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to Harold Robinson, John Pruski, and a n a n o n y m o u s p e r s o n for r e v i e w i n g t h e p a p e r . O u r t h a n k s a r e a l s o d u e to R u p e r t Barneby who revised the Latin diagnosis. The present study has been made possible d u e to f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t t o S. F r e i r e f r o m t h e C o n s e j o N a c i o n a l d e I n v e s t i g a c i o n e s C i e n t i f i c a s y T e c h n i c a s , A r g e n t i n a . F i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t h a s also b e e n gratefully received from a Swedish Natural Science Research Council (NFR) grant for A s t e r a c e a e t a x o n o m y . Literature Cited Anderberg, A. 1989. Phylogeny and reclassification of the Inuleae. Canad. J. Bot. 67: 2277-2296. & S. E. Freire. In press. A cladistic and biogeographical analysis of the Lucilia group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. Dillon, M. O. & A. Sag~isteguiAlva. 1986. Jalcophila, a new genus ofAndean Inuleae (Asteraceae). Brittonia 38: 162-167. Freire, S.E. 1986. Revision del genero Lucilia (Compositae, Inuleae). Darwiniana 27:431--490. MerxmiJller, H., P. Leins & H. Roessler. 1977. Inuleae-systematic review. Pages 577-602. In: V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne & B. L. Turner, editors. The biology and chemistry of the Compositae 1. Academic Press, London. Schultz-Bipontinus, C. H. 1865. Enumeratio Cassiniacearum a el. G. Mandon in Bolivia a. 18571861 lectarum. Linnaea 34: 527-536. Short, P.S. 1981. Pollen-ovuleratios, breeding systems and distribution patterns ofsome Australian Gnaphaliinae (Compositae--Inuleae). Muelleria 4: 395-417. - -