Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 2569 A CHECKLIST OF MOSSES OF DISTRICT MANSEHRA Mazhar-ul-Islam, Jan Alam and Muhammd Fiaz Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra mazharawanhu@gmail.com ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the moss diversity of Mansehra district. These findings were concluded based on previously published literature and own field investigations in the last three years i.e. 2012 to 2015. There are 107 moss species in Mansehra district and this figure meets about 31.36 % of the total known moss flora of Pakistan. These taxa distributed in 25 families and 61 genera. Of these, 58 species (52.26%) are Acrocarpus mosses and 53 species (47.74%) are Pleurocarpus mosses. Family-wise, Brachytheciaceae found to be the largest family with 5 genera and 16 species, followed by Bryaceae with 5 genera and 11 species. In the remaining families, less than 10 species found to occur per family. For genera, Brachythecium was the largest genus with 11 species, followed by Bryum (9 species) and Fissidens (6 species). These species distributed at different altitudes in a range between 456-5200m. Keywords: Fissidens, Acrocarpus, Pleurocarpus, Bryum, Mansehra Corresponding email: mazharawanhu@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Mutually within the manifold types of rocks the district Mansehra shows a broad variation of climatic and altitudinal gradients, these conditions induced a range of ecological habitats that contribute to the unique biodiversity of mosses. In most cases, moss species are stenoecious and therefore restricted to a particular substrate and ecological niche [1]. Initially, some workers collected mosses in some selected localities of the northern part and a few plain localities of the country [2-20]. Townsend [19] reported 40 taxa from Kaghan valley among which 9 new records for Pakistan. Islam et al., [21] work on taxonomic study of Bartramaceae from Mansehra and present six species of the family in his investigation. However, all these efforts collectively contribute only ca. 340 taxa. The current study is an attempt that has been made to prepare an updated checklist of mosses of Mansehra based on self-extensive field surveys and on previous studies of some workers [2-5, 14, 16-19, 21 ]. MATERIALS AND METHODS a) The Study Area The district Mansehra falls under the North Western Himalayan region of Pakistan. The district is situated between 34 º-14´ to 35 º-11´ N and 72º-49´ to 74 º-08´E with an altitudinal ranges from 450-5400 m and covers an area of 4,579 km2. Northern border of the area is surrounded by Kohistan and Batagram districts. Muzaffarabad is situated on the eastern side, Tor Ghar and Buner, Shangla districts are located on western side, while southern boundary is delimited by means of Abbottabad and Haripur distract [22]. Fig. 1 b) Experimental Design Initially, available relevant literature was reviewed. Specimens of the area hosted at Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH) were consulted. Based on the findings, field trips were conducted in various localities of the district from October 2012 to December 2015. Plants material was collected and given a separate collection number for each specimen. Habitat, substrate, habit was also photographed. Collected specimens were dried, kept in the special envelops (4 x 6 inch) and were properly labeled. Small quantity of each specimen was separately preserved for identification. Each specimen was examined under stereoscope and microscope at Cryptogamic Lab, Hazara University and identified with the help of relevant literature. Finally, specimens were deposited in the Cryptogamic Lab, Hazara University Herbarium (HUP). All moss taxa included in the list were checked against the TROPICOS database [23].concerning current acceptable nomenclature. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study, from the district Mansehra, total 107species were observed under 65genera and 26 families. The largest family is Brachythiaceae with 15 species and largest genus is Brachythecium with 10species.generic index showed the high diversity value i.e. 1.72 in the study area. Out of 26 families 11 are of Acrocarpus and 15 are Plurocarpus. High diversity is seen in Acrocarpus mosses which represent 61 species in the study area. Table 1: 5 largest families Family No. of species % in the study area Brachythiaceae Pottiaceae/Bryaceae Amblystegiaceae Fissidentaceae Thuidiaceae 14 10 09 07 06 12.5 8.92 8.035 6.25 5.35 Table 2: 5 largest genera by volume Genus Brachythecium Fissidens Bryum Grimia Mnium May-June No. of species 10 7 5 5 4 % in the study area 8.92 6.25 4.46 4.46 3.57 2570 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 No. of taxa 50 40 30 20 10 0 No. of taxa Fig. 2: Substrate-wise distribution of taxa in the study area ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Dr. J. P. Gruber (Salzburg, Austria) for providing precious old literature. We also thankful to Dr. Neil Bell Helsinki University, Finland for valuable suggestions regarding newly described species. Dr. Saleem Ahamd, Director Botanical science Division (Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad). Our gratitude is also go to Prof. Dr. Manzoor Hussain, Chairman, Department of Botany, Hazara University for proving lab facilities. REFERENCES 1. Greco, A. & Spencer D.A. A section through the Indian Plate, Kaghan Valley, NW Himalaya, Pakistan. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:221-236 (1993). doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.16 2. Brotherus, V. F. Contribution to the Bryological flora of the Northwestern Himalaya. Act. Soc. Sci. fenn. 24(2): 1-46 (1898b). 3. Brotherus, V. F. Musci. In Duthie, J. F. The Botany of Chitral relief expedition, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1(9): 180181 (1898a). 4. Dixon, H. N. Mosses collected in Gilgit In: J. Garret and W. Lillie. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 9(5): 303-313 (1926). 5. Dixon, H. N. Mosses collected in Waziristan by Mr. Fernandez. 1927. In: J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 33(2): 279-283 (1929). 6. Blatter, E. and Fernandez J. Waziristan mosses with some new species described by H. N. Dixon. In J. Indian Bot. Soc. 10:145-153 (1929). 7. Herzog, T. Bryophyta. In: Botanische Ergebnisse der Deutschen Hidukusch-Expidition in 1935. Feddes Repert., 108: 3-12 (1938). 8. Stoermer, P. Mosses from TirchMir.Nytt Mag. Bot. 3: 191-198 (1954). 9. Bartram, E.B. Northwestern Himalayan Mosses. ,Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 82: 22-29 (1955). 26. ). Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 10. Noguchi, A. Mosses from Pakistan. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 16: 75-82 (1956). 11. Asghar, A. A list of mosses of West Pakistan.Biologia3: 44-52 (1957). 12. Noguchi, A. Mosses from Pakistan, 2.J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 21: 292-295 (1959). 13. Noguchi, A. A list of Mosses from Kashmir and Pakistan. Candollea., 19: 191-198 (1964). 14. Froehlich, J. Bryophytenaus Afghanistan und NordwestPakistan. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien., 67: 149-158 (1964). 15. Higuchi, M. Mosses from Pakistan collected by Botanical expedition of National Science Museum, Tokyo. In T. Nakaike & S. Malik (Eds.) Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan, National Science Museum, Tokyo., 1: 245-259 (1992). 16. Nishimura, N. and Higuchi M. Checklist of Mosses of Pakistan, Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan, National Science Museum, Tokyo., 2: 275-299 (1993). 17. Nishimura, N., Iwastsuki Z., Matsui T., Takaike T. and Deguchi D. Acrocarpus mosses from Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike & S. Malik (eds.), Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan, National Science Museum, Tokyo., 2: 239-254 (1993a). 18. Nishimura, N., Watanabe R., Kanda H., Takai N., Mizushima U., Iwastsuki Z., Seki T., Higuchi M. and Ando H. Pleurocarpous mosses from Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike& S. Malik (eds.), Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan, National Science Museum., Tokyo 2: 255-268 (1993b). 19. Gruber J.P & Peer T. A contribution to the knowledge of the bryoflora of the mountains of North Pakistan (Autonomous Region of Gilgit –Baltistan). Herzogia 25: 271-285 (2012). 20. Hussain, F. &Ilahi, I. Ecology and Vegetation of Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Jadoon Printing Press, Peshawar (1991). 21. Islam, M., Alam, J., Fiaz, M., Ali, M. and Ahmad, H. Taxonomic studies of Bartramiaceae from district Mansehra (Pakistan). Plant Science Today 2(4): 138-144 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2015.2. 4 .1 4 5. 22. Muthur, L. N. On a Lahore moss. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 4: 287-297 (1925). 23. Stewart, R. R. Flora of Pakistan: History and Exploration of Plants in Pakistan and Adjoining Areas, Islamabad; 180-184 (1972). 24. Townsend, C.C. New records and a bibliography of the mosses of Pakistan. Journal of Bryology 17: 671-678 (1993). 25. TROPICOS database (www.theplantlist.org) (at the Missouri Botanical Garden May-June Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 2571 Amblystegiaceae Aulacomniaceae Bartramiaceae Brachytheciaceae Bryaceae Dicrinaceae Ditrichaceae Encalyptaceae Fissidentaceae Funariaceae Grimmiaceae Hypnaceae Hypopterygiaceae Leskeaceae Leucodontaceae Mniaceae Neckeraceae Orthotrichaceae Plagiotheciaceae Polytrichaceae Pottiaceae Sematophylaceae Splachnaceae Thuidiaceae Timmiaceae 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Genera No. of species Family-wise list of taxa occruing in the area Fig. 1: Map of Mansehra District Table 3.Check list of the taxa along family, substrate, locality, altitude and life form Family Amblystegiaceae Amblystegiaceae Species Hypnum stellatum var. terraenovae Brid. Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) G. Roth C. filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce. Substrate On boulders and rock crevices. On wet and submerged boulders along the streams. On wet submerged boulders along the streams. Amblystegiaceae Callialaria curvicaulis (Jur.) On Amblystegiaceae boulders along May-June the Locality Shogran Altitude 2740 m Life form Mat Shran, Naran: Saiful Maluk Kaghan: valley: Shinu; Sharan; Saiful Maluk, Shogran Kaghan valley: Kiwai, 2100-2780 m Weft 2370-3150 m Weft 2370-3150 m Weft 2572 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 Bartramiaceae Ochyra syn. C. filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce var. curvicaule (Jur.) Moenk. Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs syn. D.vernicosus(Lindb.) Warnst. Hygroamblystegiumfluviatile (Hedw.) Loesk. Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra Aulacomnium palustere (Hedw.) Schwaegr. Bartramia ithyphylla Bridel Bartramiaceae B. pomiformisHedw. Bartramiaceae B. hallerianaHedw. Bartramiaceae Philonotis marchica (Hedwig) Bridel Bartramiaceae Bartramiaceae Brachytheciaceae P. falcate (Hook.) Mitt. P. Fontana (Hedwig) Bridel Cirriphyllum cirrosum (Schwaegr.) Grout Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. Brachythecium procumbens (Mitt.) A. Jaeger Amblystegiaceae Amblystegiaceae Amblystegiaceae Amblystegiaceae Amblystegiaceae Aulacomniaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachythecium reflexum (Starke) Schimp. Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) A. Jaeger B.emodi-glareosum Broth. nom. nud. Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp.. B.indicopopuleum Dix. Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae B.plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp. B.rivulare Schimp Brachytheciaceae Brachythecium garovaglioides Müll. Hal. Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Bryaceae Syn. B. wichurae (Broth.) Par. Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn. Palamocladium euchloron (Bruch ex Müll. Hal.) Wijk & Margad. Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dix. Anomobryum filiforme var. juliforme (Solms) Husn. Bryum argenteum Hedw. Bryaceae Bryum Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae Bryaceae blindii Bruch & Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 streams. Saiful Maluk On boulders in the stream water On wet soil in or along the streams. Kaghan valley: Shogran Kaghan valley: Sharan 2740 m Weft 2400 m Weft On rocks and boulders submerged in soil. On soil and soil submerged boulders. On wet soil in swamp. Kaghan Shogran Naran 2200 m Tuft 2450 m Tuft Kaghan valley: Sharan 2400 m Weft On dry boulders. Naran: Gittidas 4300 m Turf On soil under dry rocks in alpine zone. On moist shady rocky slope in pine forest. Grows on moist shady slope in Pinuswallichianaforest. On wet soil and rocks near springs in Pinuswillichianaforest. In moist shady places. In moist shady places. On moist shady soil and stones. On boulders in dry streams. Naran: Babusar Pass 4181 m Tuft Kosh valley: Sathan Gali Kosh valley: Sathan Gali Sathan Gali 2545 m Tuft 1867 m Tuft 2545 m Tuft Sathan Gali Besal Suiful Maluke 1867 m 2424 m 3500 m Tuft Tuft Mat Shogran-Kawai; Paya Kaghan: Shogran 2250-2430 m Mat 2900m-2960m Mat Shogran- Sali Hut; Kaghan, Paras, Naran Kaghan: Shogran 2710 m Mat 1780m Mat Kaghan 2800 m Mat Shogran-Kawai; Kaghan, Paya Kaghan valley; Babusar Pass Kaghan, Shino Kaghan, Sharan forest, Naran Kewai 2250m-2940m Mat On humus rich shady soil. On shady soil along the stream On soil in bank of trails. On humus rich shady soil. On soil shady soil. On shad soil and soil covered boulders. On humus rich shady soil. Along streams in Pinus willichiana forests. On humus along the stream and roadside. valley: Mat 1450 m 1800-3230m Mat Mat 2020 m Mat Kaghan, Saiful Maluke 3250-3400m Mat On moist shady soil. Kaghan 2340 m Mat On soil in Pinus willichiana forests. On boulders and cliffs along the dry streams. On rocks and boulders submerged in soil. On soil and boulders. Paras 1780 m Mat Shogran and sharan forest. Paya, Shogran 2300-2400 m Tuft 2740 m Tuft Babusar Pass 4181 m Tuft May-June Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 2573 Fissidentaceae Schimp. B. cellulare Hook. B. thomsonii Mitt. Bryum pseudotriquetrum f. angustifolium (Lindb.) Podp. syn. B. ventricosum Dicks. Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. Mniobryum albicans (Wahlen.) Limper. Pohlia wahlenbergii (F. Weber & D. Mohr) A.L. Andrews Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limper. Onchophorus wahlenbergii Brid. Symblepharis vaginata (Hook. ex Harv.) Wijk & Margad. Distichiumcapillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. D. crispatum Müll. Hal. Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. Fissidens bryoides var. schmidii (Müll. Hal.) R.S. Chopra & S.S. Kumar Fissidens curvatus Hornsch. Syn. F. strictulus C. Muell. F.diversifolius Mitt. Fissidentaceae F. dubiusP.Beauv. Fissidentaceae F. grandifronsBrid. Fissidentaceae Fissidens perplexans Dixon Fissidentaceae F. taxifoliusHedw. Funariaceae Funaria hygrometricaHedw. Grimmiaceae Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. Grimmia alpestris (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schleich. G. Montana Bruch & Schimp. G. pulvinata (Hedw) Sm. Grimmia anodon Bruch & Schimp. Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) H.A. Crum Gollania clarescens (Mitt.) Broth. Homomallium simlaense (Mitt.) Broth. On dry boulders along the road On dry boulders. On shady moist boulders and rock crevices On humus, soil covered boulders. Sharan, Sikyan near Nadi. Shogran, Sharan, Batakundi 2020-2350 m Mats 1600-2600 m Mats H. cupressiforme Hedw. Var. cupressiforme Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleish. Hypopterygium flavolimbatum Müll. Hal. Syn. On exposed roots of Pine trees. On shady moist boulders along the streams and road. On shady moist soil, humus and soil covered boulders. Sikyan near Nadi, Batakundi Shogran- Kawai 2020 m Mats 1600-2250 m Mats Shogran, Sikyan near Nadi 2220-2450 m Weft Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Dicrinaceae Dicrinaceae Ditrichaceae Ditrichaceae Encalyptaceae Fissidentaceae Fissidentaceae Grimmiaceae Grimmiaceae Grimmiaceae Grimmiaceae Grimmiaceae Hypnaceae Hypnaceae Hypnaceae Hypnaceae Hypnaceae Hypopterygiacea e On soil in shady places. Kaghan Gittidas Babusar Pass 2300 m 2300 m Tuft Tuft Tuft Kaghan 2300 m Tuft On boulders and soil. Kaghan 2450 m Tuft On humus rich soil. Saiful Maluke, Besal 1780-2150m Tuft On shaded moist soil and humus. On rotten logs. Batal, Sathan Bugarmung Shogran 1500-1880 m Tuft 2740 m Tuft On cliffs. Sharan 2370 m Tuft On cliffs. Shogran, saiful maluk 2020-2740 m Tuft On moist rocks. On moist cliffs along stream Shady moist soil, moist boulders. Naran Sharan Shogran, Shinkiari 3150 m 2020 m 1000-153 m Tuft Tuft Tuft On soil and moist boulders. Balakot, Kaghan. Shogran, Paya Shinkiari, Kewai 1280m-2940m Tuft 1600-2020 m Tuft Mandagucha 1500-2200 m Tuft Balakot, Mandagucha, 1818-2350 m Tuft Balakot 820 m Tuft Balakot 2000-2300 m Tuft Shinkiar, Batrasi Pass, Bararkot. Kawai 1000-2710 m Tuft 1300-1530 m Cushion Batakundi 2680 m Cushion On dry boulders. On dry boulders On dry boulders Batakundi Kaghan, Kewai Shogran 2680 m 1300-1600m 3500m Cushion Cushion Cushion On boulders and dry cliffs. Naran, Babusar Pass 1450-2320 m Cushion On soil covered boulders. Sharan 2370 m Mats On soil and crevices On wet boulders along the streams. On wet cliff along the streams On submerged rocks in Streams. On cliffs in moist shady places. Shady moist soil, on boulders along the road side. On moist shady soil. May-June Gali, Balakot, 2574 Leskeaceae Leucodontaceae Mniaceae Mniaceae Mniaceae Mniaceae Mniaceae Neckeraceae Neckeraceae Neckeraceae Neckeraceae Orthotrichaceae Orthotrichaceae Orthotrichaceae Plagiotheciaceae Plagiotheciaceae Plagiotheciaceae Plagiotheciaceae Plagiotheciaceae Polytrichaceae Polytrichaceae Polytrichaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Pottiaceae ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 Hypopterygium tibetanum Mitt. Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E.Iawt. Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr. Mnium heterophyllum (Hook.) Schwaegr. M. laevinerve Card. M. stellar Reichard ex Hedw. Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T.J. Kop. Cryptoleptodon pluvinii (Brid.) Broth. Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Schimp. Thamnobryum alopecurum (Hedw.) Nieuwl. ex Gangulee Thamnobryum subserratum (Hook. ex Harv.) Nog. & Z. Iwats. Drummondia thomsonii Mitt. Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 On boulders. Babusar Pass 4180 m Mats On bark of trees. Kaghan 2300 m On humus or cliff along the streams. On cliffs. On shady moist soil or soil covered boulders. On moist humus along the streams. On wet boulders, cliffs along the streams. On humus rich shady soil. Sikyan near Nadi, Sathan Gali Kewai Shogran-Kawai 2020-2250 m Mats 2750 m 2250 m Mats Mats Shogran 2020m Mats Sikyan, Sathan Gali 2020-2350 m Mats Sharan forest, 1800-2400m Fans On soil and soil submerged boulders. On soil in Abies forest. Sikyan near Nadi. 2020-2740m Fans Naran 2740m Fans On boulders. Sharan forest, Nadi 2020m-2400m Fans On bark of trees, boulders Kiwai, Sikyan near nadi Sikyan near nadi; 1300-1550m Cushion 2020m Cushion 1530-3230m Cushion 2200m- 2300m Tuft Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw., Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. On moist boulders. Isopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Iwats. Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Z. Iwats. P. denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. P. latebricola Schimp. P. nemorale (Mitt.) A. Jaeg. Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. var. flaisetum Mitt. Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. On humus rich soil. Sharan, Kiwai, Kund Bangla Shogran, Sharan On moist rocks. SaifulMaluke 3150 m Mat On humus rich soil, rocks. near Sikyan 2020m Tuft On soil and tree basis On soil and tree basis On moist soil. Shogran-Sali Hut. Sharan forest. Shogran- Sali Hut, 2710m 2400m 2000m-2780m Tuft Tuft Turf On moist shady soil 2400-2860 m Turf Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. Molendoa sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. Timmiella anomala (Bruch et Schimp.) Limper. Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C. Chen Barbula horricomis Gangulee B. gregeria Mitt. A. Jaeger Erythrophyllum recurvirostre var. viride (Schlieph. ex Limpr.) Péterfi syn. Didymodon rubellus Hoffm. D. rufescens (Mitt.) Broth. Hymenostomum obscurissimum Dix. Syntrichia brandisii (Müll. Hal.) R.H. Zander Syn. Tortula brandisii Broth. On soil in dry alpine zone. Shogran, Mandagucha valley) Babusar Pass 4181 m Turf On cliffs, soil and boulders Shogran, Panrang 2350-2740 m Cushion On cliffs, soil and boulders Kewai, Nadi 2020-2350 m Cushion On boulders and shady soil Kaghan 2300 m Cushion On soil and boulders. On moist soil and boulders. On moist soil and bolders Kaghan Babusar Pass Kaghan valley 2400 m 4181 m 2400 m Cushion Cushion Cushion On moist soil and bolders On humus rich soil. Kaghan valley Kaghan valley 2400 m 2350 m Cushion Cushion On boulders and soil Kaghan valley 2350 m Cushion On moist boulders. May-June paya, (Siran Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2569-2575,2016 Pottiaceae Sematophylaceae Splachnaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Timmiaceae Trichostomumlilliei Dix Brotherellanictans (Mitt.) Broth. Tyloriafrolichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. Anomodon giraldii Müll. Hal. Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Lindb. Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best. Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. Thuidium contortulum (Mitt.) A. Jaeger Cyrto-hypnum vestitissimum (Besch.) W.R. Buck & H.A. Crum. Syn. T. vestitissimum Besch. Timmia megapolitana subsp. bavarica (Hessl.) Brassard ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 2575 On boulders and soil On the basis of pinus trees. Kaghan Shogran-Sali Hut. 2350 m 2020-2710 m Cushion Mats On rotten logs. Naran 2710 m Tuft On dry cliffs and bark of exposed roots. On bark of trees. Sikyan near Nadi. 2020 m Weft Shogran-Sali Hut 2710 m Weft On humus rich soil Shogran 2020-2710 m Weft On cliffs Shogran 1600-2700 m Weft On humus along the bank of river. Sikyan near Nadi 2020 m Weft Sikyan near Nadi 1500-1810m Weft On cliffs Shogran-Sali Hut, 2710 m Weft On soil and shady boulders Shogran-Sali Hut, 2300 m Turf May-June