A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.73.10055 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net 1 Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a remarkable new species of Strongylodon (Fabaceae) from Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines Annalee S. Hadsall1,2, Michelle DR. Alejado2, Ariel R. Larona2, Ivy Amor F. Lambio1,2 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Laguna, Philippines 2 Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Laguna, Philippines Corresponding author: Annalee S. Hadsall (ashadsall@up.edu.ph) Academic editor: Cliford Morden | Received 1 August 2016 | Accepted 27 September 2016 | Published 18 October 2016 Citation: Hadsall AS, Alejado MDR, Larona AR, Lambio IAF (2016) Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a remarkable new species of Strongylodon (Fabaceae) from Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines. PhytoKeys 73: 1–12. doi: 10.3897/ phytokeys.73.10055 Abstract A new species, Strongylodon juangonzalezii Hadsall, Alejado & Cajano, collected from Buenavista Protected Landscape, Mulanay, Quezon, is hereby described. he new species is remarkable for its plagiotropic dense inlorescence made up of 27–31 lowers per cluster in a lateral branch. Flowers are lilac when young, then gradually turn blue when mature. A comparison of the morphology of S. juangonzalezii and related species of Strongylodon in the Philippines is provided. Detailed illustration based on the holotype and photos from its natural habitat are also included. With this new species, the Philippines now harbors eight endemic species of Strongylodon. A key to distinguish the species is provided. Keywords Mulanay, Fabaceae, Quezon, Philippines, Strongylodon Introduction Strongylodon (Fabaceae – Papilionoideae – Erythrininae) was described as a genus in 1836 by Julius Rudolph heodor Vogel. Its distribution includes Madagascar and Reunion to Sri Lanka, India, Australia, and northward to the islands of the Paciic (Pol- Copyright Annalee S. Hadsall et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Annalee S. Hadsall et al. / PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) hill 1912, Huang 1991, Tropicos 2016). In the Philippines, Strongylodon is currently distributed in the islands of Luzon (Abra, Cagayan, Bataan, Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Aurora Province, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Camarines Sur), Visayas (Biliran, Panay) and Mindanao (Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Davao, Lanao, Bukidnon) (Merrill 1923, Pelser et al. 2011). he genus derived its name from the Greek words “strongylos” meaning ‘round’ and “odontos” means ‘toothlike’, referring to the rounded teeth of the calyx. It is also known to exhibit inlorescences in drooping racemes whose color ranges from purplish blue to bluish green to red or orange red (Huang 1991, Takedaa 2010). Merrill (1923) enumerated 10 species of Strongylodon in the Philippines, of which 9 are endemic [S. agusanensis Elm., S. caeruleus Merr., S. crassifolius Perk., S. elmeri Merr., S. macrobotrys A. Gray, S. megaphyllus Merr., S. paucinervis Merr., S. pulcher, S. zschokkei Elm.] with one indigenous (S. lucidus (Forst.f.) Seem.). Huang (1991) revised the entire genus resulting in eight species for the Philippines, including a new species, S. loheri and three synonymized species (S. agusanensis a synonym of S. pulcher, S. megaphyllus a synonym of S. macrobotrys, and S. paucinervis a synonym of S. caeruleus). Currently there are seven species, with S. crassifolius reported as insuiciently known (Pelser et al. 2011). he Plant List, an online database (http://www.plantlist. org, 2013), presently recognized 14 species of Strongylodon. Four sections comprise the genus, namely: Strongylodon, Archboldianus, Macrobotrys, and Craveniae (Huang 1991). All Philippine species of Strongylodon belong to section Macrobotrys characterized by having peltate stipules, brachyblast with more than three-lowers, and purplish blue or bluish-green inlorescences. In February 2015, a collaborative ield study between University of the Philippines Los Baños-Museum of Natural History (UPLB-MNH) and local government unit (LGU) of Mulanay resulted in the collection of 128 plant species belonging to 49 families and 90 genera, with most of the species endemic to the Philippines (Fig. 1). An interesting result of the ield study was the discovery of a unique specimen of Strongylodon. Morphological traits were not consistent with other species within the genus. Although similar to S. caeruleus, novel traits include plagiotropic dense inlorescence and young lowers that are lilac-colored then gradually turning blue when mature. Species treatment Strongylodon juangonzalezii Hadsall, Alejado & Cajano, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77158185-1 Figures 2–4 Diagnosis. Strongylodon juangonzalezii a habens inlorescentiae racemi spicae densi plagiotropici, lilacinus cum iuvenibus et caerulei cum maturibus, et cum brachyblastae cylindricae et magis quam tres lores in congeners difert. Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines 3 Figure 1. Map of Luzon Island showing the geographic location of Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines. Strongylodon juangonzalezii difers from other species of Strongylodon in having dense plagiotropic raceme inlorescence with lowers that are lilac when young and turn blue when mature, and with brachyblasts that are cylindrical and more than 3 lowered. 4 Annalee S. Hadsall et al. / PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) Figure 2. Strongylodon juangonzalezii sp. nov. A growth habit, inset shows the distinct middle and lateral stipules B portion of a lowering branch C Detached lower D dissected lower E calyx F androecium and anther G intact pod H pod opened to show the seeds I seeds, front and side view J brachyblast. Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines Figure 3. Voucher specimen of Strongylodon juangonzalezii sp. nov. 5 6 Annalee S. Hadsall et al. / PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) Figure 4. Strongylodon juangonzalezii sp. nov. A inlorescence B inlorescence showing point of attachment C opened pod to show seeds D young pod E mature seeds from the wild. Photographs by Mary Ann O. Cajano (deceased 6 December 2015) and Michelle DR. Alejado. Table 1. Morphological comparison of Strongylodon juangonzalezii sp. nov. with other Philippine species of Strongylodon. Characters S. juangonzalezii Terminal lealet ovate-elliptic S. caeruleus ovate S. lucidus S. macrobotrys S. pulcher S. zschokkei S. loheri ovate, wide ovate elliptic to ovate- ovate-elliptic, el- elliptic or ovate ovate or orbicular elliptic liptic or oblong Size of terminal 10.4 × 6 11–19.5 × 0.6–1.3 × 12–15.5 × 13–22 × 4.2–13 8.5–16 × 10–15 × 6–7.5 lealet (cm) 6.5–11 0.55–0.9 5.5–7.3 3.3–6.7 Lateral lealet broadly ovate ovate ovate ovate oblong ovate ovate Size of lateral 9 × 6.2 9–16 × 4–8 5–12 × 3–8 9–15 × 3.5–8 11.5–19 × 9–13 × 2.8–6 10–13.5 × lealet (cm) 4.5–10.5 4.5–5.5 Flowering habit dense plagiotropic axillary raceme compact, subpendulous, pendulous, axilpendulous, pendulous pendulous raceme globose, termi- terminal raceme lary to terminal terminal raceme terminal raceme nal raceme raceme raceme 13–27 21–24 18–60 5.5–30 150 3.5–11 19–29 10–19 Length of inlorescence axis (cm) Brachyblast warty cylindric warty warty warty cylindric warty warty 7–9 7–14 no available 2–3 5–8 4–10 4–7 5–6 Number of data lowers in a cluster Color of low- Lilac when young, purplish-blue bluish-green orange-red bluish-green purplish-blue purplish-blue purplish-blue ers then blue when mature Pedicel length 1.7–1.9 1–1.8 3 1.0–2.8 1.8–4 1.5–2.0 1.8–2.3 2.3–2.5 (cm) Calyx lilac, cup-shaped purplish, green, green, purplish, green, blue, green, campanulate campanulate campanulate campanulate campanulate campanulate campanulate Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines S. elmeri elliptic to ovate-elliptic 10.5–19 × 3.5–7 ovate 7.5–16 × 3–7 7 S. juangonzalezii lanceolate, S. caeruleus ovate–lanceolate 2.6–2.8 × 1.2–1.6 oblong S. elmeri ovate S. macrobotrys ovate, relexed S. pulcher lanceolate S. zschokkei ovate, relexed S. loheri oblong Size of standard 2.5–2.6 × 1.3–1.4 2–3 × 1.1–1.6 1.7–3.1 × 1–1.2 petal (cm) Wing petal oval oblong oblong shape Size of wing 12–14 × 6–7 12–14 × 5–7.5 11–13 × 5.5–7 7–11 × 3.5–6 petal (mm) Size of keel pet- 28–30 × 12–13 27–28 × 4–6 20–28 × 6–8 14–28 × 4–9 als (mm) Pod shape oblong, globose elliptic, inlat- elliptic, rugose elliptic to ellipticed, rugose orbicular Size of pod 6.1–7.5 × 3.9–4.0 3.5 × 2.1 4–7.5 × 2.2–4 3–8 × 2–4.5 (cm) 0–1500 Altitude (m) 295 500–1200 low to medium altitude up to 1600 3.7–4.8 × 1.7–2.5 oblong–elliptic 2.1–2.5 × 0.9–1 2.9–3 × 1–1.5 oblong oblong 3–3.3 × 1.8–1.9 oblong 20–24 × 8–10 8–11 × 3–4.5 10–13 × 5–6 14–17 × 7–9 45–48 × 11–13 21–23 × 4–5 26–28 × 5–6 29–35 × 7–9.5 elliptic, compressed 9 × 3.5 oblong or elliptic, inlated 4.5–6 × 2–2.5 ca. 1400 1300–1900 elliptic, inlated, elliptic, inlated, rugose rugose 8.5–13 × 6 5.5 × 3.5 110–1000 80–1200 Annalee S. Hadsall et al. / PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) S. lucidus lanceolate–ovate 8 Characters Standard petal Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines 9 Type. PHILIPPINES. Luzon, Island, Quezon Province, Municipality of Mulanay, Barangay Buenavista, Sitio Maglayaw, Buenavista Protected Landscape (BPL), 13°31'20"N, 121°24'15"E, 295 m, 5 February 2015, Cajano & Alejado 7708 (holotype CAHUP 73152!, isotype PNH). Description. Woody vine reaching the top of the canopy. Mature branches glabrous with lenticels. Leaves 3-foliolate, each 3-nerved, adaxial and abaxial surfaces dark green, margin entire, apex acute, base rounded; lateral lealets broadly-ovate, oblique, 9 cm long, 6.2 cm wide; terminal lealet ovate-elliptic, 10.4 cm long, 6.0 cm wide; petiole green, glabrous, base swollen, 12.4–12.6 cm long; rachis green, glabrous, 2.8–2.9 cm long; petiolule green, glabrous, base swollen, 1.2 cm long; stipules three, basiixed, axillary, middle one cylindrical and persistent, lateral ones caducous, leaving conspicuous scars. Inlorescence a dense plagiotropic raceme, up to 12.0 cm long, branches alternating on the main axes; peduncle 2–8 cm, shorter than lowering axis; lateral lowering branches 13.0–27.0 cm long, occurring in pairs, arising from node; pedicel 1.7–1.9 cm long; brachyblasts warty, more than 3-lowered, 5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Flowers 7–9 in a cluster, arranged alternately, 27–31 lowers in a cluster in a lateral branch, with outer lowers opening irst; young lowers lilac; calyx lilac, cup-shaped, glabrous, entire; standard petal lanceolate, 2.5–2.6 cm long, 1.3–1.4 cm wide, basal portion ridged, both surfaces of standard petal turns light blue when mature; wings oval 1.2–1.4 cm long, 0.6–0.7 cm wide, slightly auricled at base, upper surface of wings from margin up to 3 mm turns blue when mature, lower surface white; keels lanceolate, 2.8–3.0 cm long, 1.2–1.3 cm wide, both surfaces turn light blue when mature. Ovary pubescent. Pod oblong, globose, unilocular, continuous 6.1–7.5 cm long, 3.9–4.0 cm wide, base rounded, apex aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, with a green hook, surface glabrous, green with irregular brown marks, dehiscing longitudinally along both sutures. Seeds smooth, symmetrical, 2–3 in a pod, dorsal portion lattened, ventral portion inlated, 2.7–3.1 cm long, 2.1–2.4 cm wide; seed position transverse to fruit length; funiculus whitish, running along ventral side of seed, when mature funiculus is detached leaving a lat scar; hilum linear, around 1.6–1.8 cm of seed, white, with light brown rim; raphe visible; seed coat maroon and shiny when fresh, turning dark brown, papery and wrinkled when mature, not adhering to inner fruit wall. Etymology. his new species is named after Dr. Juan Carlos Tecson Gonzalez, current director UPLB–MNH, professor of zoology, one of the Philippines ten outstanding young scientists in 2011, a passionate conservationist and ornithologist. Distribution. So far only two thriving lianas of this species are known from Buenavista Protected Landscape, Mulanay, Quezon Province where it was collected. Habitat and ecology. his liana thrives in a disturbed secondary growth forest climbing atop a large tree at an altitude of 295 m. he area is adjacent to an old coconut plantation. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting from February to mid-March. Additional specimens examined. Other species of Strongylodon collected in the Philippines were also examined. 10 Annalee S. Hadsall et al. / PhytoKeys 73: 1–12 (2016) Strongylodon caeruleus Merr., Luzon Island, Laguna Province, ML Steiner 1742, March 1959, (PNH); Strongylodon elmeri Merr., Luzon Island, Laguna Province, ML Steiner s.n., 17 April 1955, (PNH); Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray Exsicc. Gates CA 1442, 1443, 1444; Hernaez CA 12426; Orlido CA 10250; Pancho CA 18190, Reyes CA 2921 (CAHP); Strongylodon pulcher C.B. Robinson, Mindanao Island, Agusan Province, C. Mahesa & J. Escasina s.n., 23 February 1967, (PNH); Visayas Island, Leyte Province, G.E. Edano 14235, 15 March 1950, (PNH); Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, MD Sulit s.n., 10 March 1949, (PNH); Visayas Island, Leyte Province, G. Edano s.n., February 1923, (PNH); Strongylodon zschokkei Elmer, Luzon Island, Mountain Province, M. Celestino s.n., 13 March 1948, (PNH). Conservation status. All the materials used in this study were collected from a single population known only from the type locality in a region that is still poorly known botanically. his was the irst documentation done inside the protected area. We suggest the preliminary conservation status of this species as Data Deicient (DD; IUCN 2014) and endemic to Luzon Island. Discussions. Strongylodon juangonzalezii exhibits plagiotropic branches where the dense racemose inlorescences are attached. In the wild, two colors of the lowers are exhibited – lilac color can be observed in young or newly-opened lowers while the mature ones are blue. his is quite remarkable compared with other species of Strongylodon whose lowers retain the same color from bud to fully opened stage. Its pod is oblong and globose while the rest of the species are elliptic. hree shapes of wing petals exist in Strongylodon. It is oval in S. juangonzalezii, oblong on S. caeruleus, S. elmeri, S. lucidus, S. pulcher, S. zschokkei, S. loheri and oblong-elliptic in S. macrobotrys. Calyx shape of S. juangonzalezii is cup-shaped which makes it distinct from the rest. Compared with the other species, S. juangonzalezii occurs at lower elevation. Key to the species of Strongylodon in the Philippines 1 – 2 – 3 – Inlorescence a raceme, attached on plagiotropic branches; lowers lilac when young, blue when mature; calyx cup-shaped, lilac colored............................. ........................................................................... S. juangonzalezii sp. nov. Inlorescence a pendulous or drooping raceme; lowers same color all throughout; calyx campanulate, colors various........................................................ 2 Brachyblasts cylindric; lowers purplish blue ...............................................3 Brachyblasts warty; lowers variously colored ..............................................4 Flowers axillary; calyx purplish...................................................S. caeruleus Flowers terminal; calyx green ........................................................S. pulcher Strongylodon juangonzalezii, a new species from Philippines 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 11 Inlorescence axis > 50 cm long; calyx purplish; lowers bluish green, standard petal 3.5-4.5 cm long, wing petal oblong-elliptic ..................S. macrobotrys Inlorescence axis < 50 cm long; calyx green to blue; lowers various, standard petal shorter than 3.5 cm, wing petal oblong ..............................................5 Calyx green .................................................................................................6 Calyx blue..................................................................................S. zschokkei Inlorescence in compact, subglobose clusters .................................S. elmeri Inlorescence in loose, drooping clusters .....................................................7 Flowers orange-red, 2–3 in a cluster .............................................. S. lucidus Flowers purplish-blue, 5-7 in a cluster ............................................ S. loheri Acknowledgement Permission to collect and transport specimens of Strongylodon juangonzalezii for scientiic research was covered by the Wildlife Gratuitous Permit No. R4A-WGP-01-2015QUE-001 issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – Region 4A, Calamba, Laguna. Ms. Mary Ann O. Cajano (deceased 6 December 2015) was part of the team who conducted ieldwork in Mulanay, and she is a co-author of the species S. juangonzalezii. he authors of the paper are grateful to the following staf of the LGU-Mulanay, Quezon Province for their generous support in the ield collections: Hon. Joselito Ojeda, Municipal Mayor; Noel M. Eroa, Budget Oicer; Engr. Delio H. De Leon, Municipal Engineer; Marcelino Mabini R. Asia – MENRO; Sanny P. Cortez, TSOO/ MDRRMO; Linar T. Pereda, Exec. Assistant for Agriculture; Sofronio V. Tesalona, Tourism Assistant; Eymard C. 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