U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coefficients of Conservatism Values and the Floristic Quality Index for the Vascular Plants of South Florida Coefficients of Conservatism Values and the Floristic Quality Index for the Vascular Plants of South Florida Steve Mortellaro1, Mike Barry 2, George Gann3, John Zahina4, Sally Channon5, Charles Hilsenbeck6, Douglas Scofield7, George Wilder8 and Gerould Wilhelm9 1 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach FL 32960 2 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Naples, FL (Formerly) 2 Institute for Regional Conservation, 22601 S.W. 152 Ave., Miami, FL 33170 (Currently) 3 Institute for Regional Conservation, 22601 S.W. 152 Ave., Miami, FL 33170 4 South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 5 Palm Beach County Department of Environmental Resources Management, 2300 North Jog Rd, 4th Floor, West Palm Beach, FL 33411 6 17516 Birchwood Drive, Boca Raton, FL 33487 7 University of California, Los Angeles, 1509 Life Sciences, Box 951786, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1786 8 Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112 9 Conservation Design Forum, Inc., 375 W. First Street, Elmhurst, IL 60126 January 2009 South Florida Ecological Services Field Office Vero Beach, Florida Table of Contents ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 3 Defining the region................................................................................................................... 3 Species list................................................................................................................................ 3 Ranking Criteria ....................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment of C Values........................................................................................................... 7 Peer Review of C Values ......................................................................................................... 7 Final C Values.......................................................................................................................... 8 Floristic Quality Index .................................................................................................................... 8 Mean Coefficient of Conservatism .......................................................................................... 8 Floristic Quality Index ............................................................................................................. 9 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... 11 References..................................................................................................................................... 12 Appendix A................................................................................................................................. A-1 Appendix B ................................................................................................................................. B-1 Appendix C ................................................................................................................................. C-1 Appendix D................................................................................................................................. D-1 Figures Figure 1. Phytogeographic regions of Florida. .............................................................................. 4 Figure 2. Distribution of coefficient of conservatism designations for ranked plant taxa in south Florida. ................................................................................................................. 9 Tables Table 1. Coefficient of Conservatism guilds ................................................................................. 6 Table 2. Coefficient of Conservatism ranking criteria................................................................... 6 The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ABSTRACT Since pre-European settlement, major alterations to the native landscape have been made, due largely to urban and agricultural developments. In south Florida, these activities have caused extensive degradation to native plant communities leaving remnant native lands. Therefore, the floristic quality of these native lands is changing and a tool to assess their quality is needed. Assignment of coefficient of conservatism (C) values (ranging from 0 to10) to each native plant within south Florida, allows for the use of the Floristic Quality Index (FQI), a powerful tool to assess the quality of natural or remnant native plant communities. The coefficient of conservatism concept is based on two factors: 1) plants have varying degrees of fidelity to specific habitats and their quality, and 2) plants have varying tolerances to disturbances and respond in varying degrees. The establishment of C values and the use of the FQI eliminate subjectivity and provide a standardized method to evaluate the floristic condition of a site, allows for comparisons between different sites and monitoring of sites over time. Non-native plants are not assigned conservatism coefficients values because they did not evolve in the native landscape. In south Florida (Keys excluded), there are approximately 2,230 plants, 64% (1,437) are considered native and 36% (793) considered non-native. Of the 1,437 plants examined, only 94 remain unranked. Approximately 33% of plants ranked fell into ruderal categories (0 – 4), while 67 % fell into obligate to natural areas (5-10). Once a thorough inventory of a site has been completed a mean C value and FQI can be calculated. Key Words: coefficient of conservatism, C values, Floristic Quality Index, Floristic Quality Assessment, habitat restoration, floristic inventory, south Florida. Introduction Rapidly increasing land development and extensive agricultural operations pose significant challenges to the survivability and sustainability of Florida’s native ecosystems. Since preEuropean settlement, the native landscape has undergone extensive modifications due to agricultural and urban developments. Activities such as land clearing, drainage (digging of ditches and canals, channelization of rivers and streams), water mining for urban and agricultural consumption, filling of wetlands, and pollution from urban and farming actives have resulted in extreme ecological degradation. The introduction of exotic plants and suppression of natural fires or prescribed burning during inappropriate times of the season have also contributed to major changes in the native landscape. The dewatered landscape, filled wetlands, polluted estuaries, and diminution of base flow in streams has contributed to the reduction in the native biodiversity of the state. The assessment of natural, restored, and created habitats is one of the most important tasks facing ecologists. Natural plant community descriptions have historically focused on plant communities (associations) or plant species with word descriptors used to convey quality. Terminology consists of words such as degraded, good, poor, high, low, etc. These descriptors are vague and rely on such factors as the observer’s perception, understanding of pre-settlement habitats, ecological knowledge and level of experience with the flora, and personal biases. One 1 observer’s assessment of poor quality may be another’s good. Therefore, a tool is desirable for assessing quality of a plant community in an objective and repeatable way that can be used to make meaningful comparisons between sites. A numerical index describing floristic quality of area based on species conservatism or “nativeness” ratings of individual species was articulated by Wilhelm (1977) and refined by Swink and Wilhelm (1979, 1994) and Wilhelm and Ladd (1988). The “nativeness” or species conservatism is expressed as a coefficient of conservatism (C) value and is the basic metric in the Floristic Quality Index (FQI). The concept around species conservatism is organized around the idea that the presence of a species involves a certain level of confidence in the observer as to where the plant is likely to grow; ranging from a highly intact remnant native ecosystem to highly degraded man-made land. Most native plants are confined to remnant native landscapes and a few function as “camp followers” which admix with exotics to occupy areas severely damaged by contemporary cultural practices. The FQI is designed to reduce subjectivity, produce an objective standard to judge the quality of plant communities in a repeatable fashion. The principal concept of the FQI is that a natural plant community’s quality can be objectively evaluated by the degree of species conservatism to natural pre-European settlement plant communities. Each plant for a region is assigned a C value by a group of local botanists in a region, each of whom has long and familiar experience with the plants in the field. Specific knowledge of the ecological tolerances and fidelity to remnant native conditions is required. Although the values are subjectively assigned, the subjectivity in its application is eliminated and its use can be applied objectively. Coefficients of conservatism values range from 0 through 10 and are applied only to the plants believed to be native to the region. The scalar values consist of whole integers between 0 and 10. A zero (0) value represents the lowest quality value and is assigned to those plants that are indicative of the most ruderal conditions such as cracks in sidewalks, parking lot edges, industrial sites, agricultural fields, etc. A ten (10) value is applied to those species that provide the highest level of confidence that the places where they are found are the most intact remnant natural systems. A five (5) value is applied to those plants that are generally noted only in remnant natural areas, but otherwise provide little confidence that the area is of high quality. Exotic plants are not given a C value, as they did not evolve as part of the native flora and their inclusion does not fit within the concept of conservatism. Although exotic’s are not part of the pre-settlement flora, their values have been defaulted to 0 and combined with various metrics associated with floristic quality in a floristic quality assessment (FQA) analysis (Herman et. al. 1997 and 2001). While the C values are subjectively assigned, knowledgeable botanists trained in the concept of conservatism seldom disagree by more than a few points. The behavior and local distribution of some species can stretch the philosophy and require an earnest debate to reach consensus on its C value. Once assigned to entire flora, however, the use of C values can be objectively applied; 2 subjectivity is no longer a variable, and intrinsic biases in assigning the C values occur consistently throughout a site inventory. One can arrive at relative comparisons easily and consistently. Floristic quality analysis initially was used to describe the condition of landscapes and plant communities in a consistent fashion for the 22-county Chicago region (Swink and Wilhelm 1979). Since its development, the index has been adapted and applied to the following areas: Colorado (Rocchio 2007), Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Indiana (Rothrock et al. 2005), Iowa (Wilhelm & Masters 2006a), Kentucky (Wilhelm & Masters 2006b); Michigan (Herman et al. 1997), north and central Mississippi (Herman, et al. 2006), Missouri (Ladd 1993), the Dakotas (The Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel 2001), New Jersey (Matsuoka et al. 2005); Ohio (Andreas and Lichvar1995; Andreas et al. 2004), Wisconsin (Bernthal et al. 2003), and southern Ontario (Oldham et. al. 1995). Methods To assign coefficient of conservatism C values, the following seven steps were taken: 1) defined the region or area of consideration, 2) created a species list - determine the flora(s) or check list(s) of the region, 3) developed ranking criteria, 4) assembled a core team of knowledgeable senior field botanists/ecologists, 5) ranked each native species from 0 to10, 6) convened a peer review group to assess C value assignments, and 7) convened both core and review groups to reach a consensus on C values. Defining the region Assignment of C values is based on observed behavior of species within a defined geographic region that experience similar environmental conditions. As one moves away from a particular region the assigned C values may be less applicable, because local conditions may not exist outside a particular region. In our particular case, Florida has been divided into four major phytogeographic regions: west (panhandle), north, central, and south Florida (Long and Lakela 1971, Bell and Taylor 1982, Taylor 1998) as shown in Figure 1. This publication addresses the flora found within south Florida excluding the Florida Keys. South Florida is categorized into five major natural physiographic areas: 1) Sandy Flatlands, 2) Everglades, 3) Big Cypress Swamp, 4) Atlantic Coastal Ridge, and 5) Coastal Marshes and Mangrove Swamps (Long and Lakela 1971). The flora of south Florida is predominately tropical in nature and contains a mixture of plants from tropical American, temperate regions and endemic species. Species list The list used here is based on Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida, Second Edition (Wunderlin and Hansen 2003). This floristic guide includes only species that have been documented through a verifiable herbarium specimen and includes both native and exotic species that occur in Florida. There are approximately 4,176 documented native and non-native species 3 Figure 1. Phytogeographic regions of Florida. 4 in Florida (Wunderlin and Hansen 2004; http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu). Within south Florida (excluding the Keys) there are approximately 1,430 native species and 793 non-native species. The species list used here employed Wunderlin and Hansen 2004 nomenclature with some exceptions: 1) where Wunderlin and Hansen’s taxonomy differed from the legal accepted nomenclature for a state or federally-listed species, or 2) where the panel believed that a species included other recognizable species that have a different ecological niche. Only one federallylisted species, Galactia smallii, a federally threatened species would have been lumped into G. volubilis (a non listed species) if Wunderlin and Hansen’s nomenclature was used, thus the name G. smalli is applied. Species considered to demonstrate a different ecological preference include the following: Chiococca pinetorum split from C. alba; Heliotropium leavenworthii split from H. polyphyllum; Melanthera angustifolia and M. parvifolia split from M. nivea; Schizachyrium rhizoratum and S. stolonferum split from S. scoparium; Forestiera pinetorum split from F. segregate; and Scleria ciliata var. pauciflora and S. ciliata var. curtissii split from S. ciliata. If two similar taxa represent ecologically different habitat qualities, and taxonomic differentiation between the two is considered almost impossible for a field botanist, then a numerical score is not given. These species are given a neutral status. This was the case with Roystonea regia, which if treated as two distinct taxa, has populations from south Florida (R. elata) and Cuba (R. regia). Ranking Criteria The central philosophy behind any criteria used to develop C values is what the plant indicates to a knowledgeable botanist about the quality of a habitat when no information is provided. If a knowledgeable botanist is brought a plant and asked where they thought the plant may have come from, based on their knowledge and experience with the plant’s habitat type(s) and quality of habitat(s) an impression will come to mind. The plant may be identified as one with very specific habitat requirements and a very low tolerance to disturbance, which would provide confidence that it grew in a high quality habitat. Conversely, it may indicate some gradient between high quality and ruderal. The criteria presented below gave guidance to the panel in assigning C values. The relationship of conservatism to rarity is not direct. Coefficients of conservatism scores and the designation of a rare, threatened or endangered status to a species on the surface may seem to be counter-intuitive at times. It would seem logical that the rarer the species the higher the conservatism value, but this is not always the case. Certainly, any rare plant known only from one to few high-quality areas is a philosophical 10. And more numerous species known only from high-quality areas are also a philosophical 10. However, a rare native plant known only from a dike or roadside must receive a very low C value, so the relationship of conservatism to rarity is not direct. For example, Linum arenicola, an endemic plant listed by the State of Florida as an endangered species, was given a score of one (1) because it is commonly associated with disturbed areas containing exposed limerock, such as tops of canal banks and road sides cut through lime rock. However, in its remnant native landscape, the species can easily be lost if fire is omitted. 5 To help facilitate the scoring of the C values, five coefficient of conservatism guilds were developed (Table 1). The Coefficient of Conservatism guilds are further refined to give the rater additional guidance in assigning C values (Table 2). Plant C values reflect two aspects, the fidelity to natural landscape and tolerance to disturbances. As fidelity to natural areas increase, the tolerance to disturbances decreases, thereby resulting in a higher C value. The reverse also applies; as tolerance to disturbances increases, plant fidelity to quality natural areas decrease towards zero. The more tolerant a plant is to disturbance, the lower the quality. Table 1. Coefficient of Conservatism guilds C Value 0 1-3 4-6 7-9 10 Criteria obligate to ruderal areas varying affinity to ruderal areas varying affinity to natural areas; 5 indicates it’s obligate to natural areas; quality of area is low varying affinity to high quality natural areas obligate to high quality natural areas Table 2. Coefficient of Conservatism ranking criteria C Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Criteria obligate to ruderal areas occurs more frequently in ruderal areas than natural areas facultative to ruderal and natural areas occurs less frequent in ruderal areas than natural areas occurs much more frequently in natural areas than ruderal areas obligate to natural areas (quality of area is low) weak affinity to high quality natural areas moderate affinity a high quality natural areas high affinity to high quality natural areas very high affinity to high quality natural areas obligate to high quality natural areas The scalar value 0 indicates the species is obligate to ruderal areas. That is the rater is 95% confident it was growing in non-native or highly degraded area. These plants are limited in their occurrence to areas of severe anthropogenic disturbances. A ranking of 0 indicates there is little confidence (less than 5% confidence) that the plant was collected from a remnant natural area. These native taxa are weedy and thrive in highly disturbed sites such as cracks in sidewalks, fill sites, canal banks, etc. The scalar values for 1 to 3 indicate levels of confidence that when a plant is encountered it is growing in degraded or non-natural areas. These plants have an affinity to disturbed sites and are non-dependent native lands species. Plants ranked within this range are generally associated 6 with lands that have been greatly disturbed such as those that have been mechanically (i.e. new ground), hydrologically, or chemically altered. New ground is land that has been stripped of its vegetation (usually by mechanical means), where the top layer of soil has been removed or severely damaged. The scalar values 4 to 6 provide levels of confidence that when a plant is encountered it’s in a natural area. These plants are more often found in natural areas and variously attest to the floristic quality of that area. The value 5 is pivotal in the rankings; it is the point at which plants are considered obligate to native lands, with a 95% certainty it is growing in a natural area. However, the floristic quality of the natural area cannot be certain and is likely low. The scalar values 7 to 9 provide varying levels of confidence that when a plant is encountered it is in a high quality natural area. These plants have a fidelity to native lands of high quality. The scalar value 10 indicates the species is obligate to high quality natural areas, rater 95% confident it was growing in an undisturbed or native land of high quality. The values (0-10) do not necessarily indicate or reflect fidelity of a plant to any particular habitat and the use of the term confidence in this context is not meant to imply a statistical analysis has occurred; it is used here to give guidance to the rater for ranking each species. A plant can be conservative to a number of different plant communities. Nor can conservatism be determined from some statistical sampling of an array of plant communities, ruderal or otherwise. The body of empirical observations that inform the experience of a field botanist over a long period of time yields more robust evaluations. Since pre-European conditions cannot be attested to at this time and no data exist that could give total insight as to those conditions under which these plants thrived or would have evolved, a subjective determination is made by knowledgeable individuals for a particular region about what the conditions may have been. Assignment of C Values A core team of botanists was contacted to meet and provide their collective knowledge to the assignment of a C value for each native species using the C ranking criteria laid out above. The team consisted of Mike Barry, George Gann and John Zahina. Gerould Wilhelm provided assistance to the team during the ranking process and reinforced understandings of the conceptual nature of conservatism throughout the rating process. Supplemental data was used to complement field experience. The Floristic Inventory of South Florida database (Gann et al. 2002), Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (Wunderlin and Hansen 2004), Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida (Wunderlin and Hansen 2003), A Flora of Tropical Florida (Long and Lakela 1971), and Fairchild Tropical Garden Virtual Herbarium, provided information on range occurrences, habitat descriptions, and species nativity and rarity. Peer Review of C Values The C value assignments were sent out for review and comment to botanist’s throughout south Florida for their independent review. Four responded with a willingness to accept the task. However, after a significant period of time, a request to meet and work as a group was made and 7 accepted by all, and a peer review team was established to review the extensive list. The peer review team consisted of Sally Channon, Chuck Hillsenbeck, Doug Scofield and George Wilder. The peer review team examined each score and then discussed their collective experiences to reach a consensus score. The peer review team’s consensus score was then compared to the core group score and a discussion ensued that focused on acceptance of the core group values. Not all values were accepted. As with the core group, supplemental data were used to complement field experience. In addition to using the aforementioned supplemental information used by the core group, the peer review team also accessed the following sources: Small 1933; Godfrey and Wooten 1979 and 1981; Hall 1978; online resources included: Flora of North America; National Resource Conservation Service Plant Database, University of Florida Herbarium, eFloras and Dr. Wilder’s herbarium collection housed at the Florida Gulf Coast University. These resources provided information on taxonomy, range occurrences, habitat descriptions, and species nativity and rarity. Gerould Wilhelm also provided initial guidance to the team. Final C Values There were differences of C values for species between the core team and the peer view team. Therefore, the two teams were contacted to discuss each species to make a collective determination as to a value. If a consensus was not reached on a particular species, it was not assigned a value. The species assigned C values are listed in Appendix I. Not all species have yet been ranked, mostly because little was known to the raters about their behavior; the unassigned species are listed in Appendix II. Floristic Quality Index The FQI is based on the calculation of the mean coefficient of conservatism (C) of all the species listed in a particular site inventory, which represents the average conservatism of the plants noted. The FQI discriminates areas with similar mean C values with major differences in total number of species. The greater the Mean C and FQI values, the higher the floristic quality. Mean Coefficient of Conservatism Once a floristic inventory has been conducted for a given area and the C values have be applied to them, the mean C value can be calculated by summing the C values of all native species and dividing by the total number of species (species richness = N): Mean C = ∑C / N Since the mean C represents the average C of an area, temporal changes in quality can be detected. As expected, decreases in mean C values indicate the quality of an area is decreasing. These decreases in mean C values may be supported by an increase of less conservative native species increasing in numbers, loss of high quality indicator species, and /or a reduction or loss of native species. A FQA may demonstrate that there are coincident increases in the proportion of exotic species within the site. The converse would occur if an increase of mean C were to take place. 8 Floristic Quality Index The FQI represents a weighted estimate of species richness (N), obtained by multiplying the mean coefficient of conservatism by the square root of species richness: FQI = mean C √N The effect of applying the square root to species richness is to reduce the influences of area size, so that small, highly conservative areas will rate highly in comparison with large heterogeneous tracts with pockets or districts of both low and high quality (Swink and Wilhem 1979, 1994). Also, because it is possible to have sites with the same mean C, a transformation of mean C using the FQI permits a more meaningful comparison of different areas. Results and Discussion There are approximately 2,230 plant species in south Florida (Keys excluded) with 64% (1,437 species) considered native species and 36% (793 species) non-native species (Appendix III). Of the 1,437 species reviewed only 94 species remain unranked (1,343 plants ranked). Approximately 33% of plants that were ranked fell into the ruderal categories (0 – 4), while 67 % fell into obligate to natural areas (5-10). Approximately 3% of plants were ranked as 0, 29% were ranked in the varying affinity to ruderal areas, 56% were ranked as obligates with a varying affinity to high quality areas, and 11% were ranked in the obligate to high quality areas. The distribution of species rankings’ are shown in Figure 2. Categories of C values Number of Species 250 200 150 100 50 ut ra l 0 ne 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 Coefficient of Conservatism Values Figure 2. Distribution of coefficient of conservatism designations for ranked plant taxa in south Florida. 9 The species list in Appendix I is applicable to the ten counties that comprise the south Florida region, excluding the Keys. The FQI approach has application in: 1) 2) 3) 4) identification of natural areas; comparisons between similar and dissimilar sites, regardless of community types; monitoring of natural area quality through time; and habitat restoration (Swink and Wilhelm 1994). The methodology provides a means to summarize data collected from a floristic inventory of a given area. An inventory, complete as possible, is required for the area under consideration to calculate mean C and FQI values. Variations or modified equations to the FQI have been proposed (Fennessy et al. 1998a, 1998b; Lopez and Fennessy 2002; Rooney and Rogers 2002). For a review of proposed modifications to the FQI see Andreas et al. 2004. The mean C and FQI values, as with any assessment tool used to measure biotic systems, are influenced by such factors as sampling effort, size, timing and proficiency in species identification. It is recognized that the FQI characterizes only one characteristic of ecological conditions and does not provide information on wildlife that may utilize a plant community of either high or poor quality. To garner a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological condition of an area, other biological parameters should be investigated. In south Florida, there are a total of 281 plant species state and federally listed as threatened and endangered; 9 federally-listed (1 threatened and 8 endangered) and 281 (66 threatened and 215 endangered). There are 120 endemic species in south Florida, of which 49 are threatened and endangered; 8 of the 9 federally listed species are endemic (1 threatened and 7 endangered) and of these 5 are endemic only to south Florida. Of the 281 State-listed species, 49 are endemic (7 threatened and 42 endangered). Of the 148 species ranked as 10, all are considered rare with 110 of these species designated as state threatened or endangered. Non-native species that may be injurious to native plant communities have been placed into one of two categories by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2007), List of Florida's Most Invasive Species: Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. Of the 36% non-native species, approximately 15% (119 species) are considered invasive and disruptive or have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities in south Florida 10 (Categories I and II). In south Florida, 62 species are in Category I and 57 species are in Category II (Appendix IV). Acknowledgements A special thank you to Porter “Buck” Reed for introducing me to Gerould Wilhelm and the FQI tool and Robert W. Lichvar and David M. Mushet for their advice on the workshop development. Thanks are also given gratefully to Albrey Arrington, Lori Morris, Becky Robbins and Bob Virnstein for their contribution in scoring the sea grasses; Keith A. Bradely, Steve W. Woodmansee and Richard Wunderlin for research on species occurrences, nativity and taxonomy; Shawn. M. Landry for his quick response to questions and updates on the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants database and to Sharon Kocis, Stephen E. Mortellaro, Anne Philip, and Art Roybal for their review and editorial comments. 11 References Andreas, B. K., J. J. Mack, and J. S. McCormac. 2004. Floristic quality assessment index (FQAI) for vascular plants and mosses for the State of Ohio. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, Wetland Ecology Group, Columbus, Ohio. 219 p. Andreas, B. K., and R. W. Lichvar. 1995. Floristic index for establishing assessment standards: a case study for northern Ohio. Technical Report WRP-DE-8. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg Mississippi. Bell, R. C., and B. J. Taylor. 1982. Florida Wildflowers and Roadside Plants. Laurel Hill Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Bernthal, T. W. 2003. Development of a floristic quality assessment methodology for Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management and Habitat Protection. Clewell, A. F. 1985. Guide to the Vascular Plants of the Florida Panhandle. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. eFloras. efloras.org Fairchild Tropical Garden Herbarium. Virtual Herbarium. http://www.virtualherbarium.org/vh/. Flora of North America. http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. 2007. List of Florida’s Invasive Plant Species. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Internet: http://www.fleppc. org/07list.htm or Wildland Weeds Vol. 10(4), Fall 2007. Gann, G. D., K. A. Bradely, and S. W. Woodmansee. 2002. Rare Plants of South Florida: Their History, Conservation and Restoration. The Institute for Regional Conservation. Miami, Florida. Godfrey, Robert K. and Jean W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States. Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. Godfrey, Robert K. and Jean W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States. Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. Hall, David W. 1978. The grasses of Florida. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 12 Herman, B. D., J. D. Madsen, G. N. Ervin. 2006. Development of coefficients of conservatism for wetland vascular flora of northern and central Mississippi. Mississippi State University, GeoResources Institute and Department of Biological Sciences. Herman, K. D., L.A.. Master, M. R. Penskar, A. A. Reznicek., G. S. Wilhelm, and W. W. Brodowicz. 1997. Floristic Quality Assessment: Development and application in the state of Michigan (USA). Conservation Tools, Natural Areas Journal 17: 265-279. Herman, K. D., L.A.. Master, M. R. Penskar, A. A. Reznicek., G. S. Wilhelm, W. W. Brodowicz and K. P. Gardiner. 2001. Floristic quality assessment with wetland categories and examples of computer applications for the state of Michigan. revised, 2nd edition. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife, Naturla Heritage program. Lansing, MI. 19pp + Appendices. Ladd D. M. 1993. Coefficients of conservatism for Missouri vascular flora. The Nature Conservancy. St. Louis, Missouri. Long, R. W., and O. Lakela. 1971. A Flora of Tropical Florida. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, Florida. Matsuoka, T. et al. 2005. Plant stewardship index (PSI) for New Jersey. Bowman’s Hill Wildflower Preserve. http://www.bhwp.org/psi/ Nichols, S. A. 1998. Floristic quality assessment of Wisconsin lake plant communities with example applications. Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management 15: 133-141. Oldham, M. J., W.D. Bakowshy, and D. A. Sutherland. 1995. Floristic quality assessment system for southern Ontario. Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. Rocchio, J. 2007. Floristic quality assessment indices for Colorado plant communities. Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Wetlands Program. Rothrock, P.E. 2004. Floristic quality assessment in Indiana: The concept, use, and development of coefficients of conservatism. Final Report for ARN A305-4-53, EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01. 96 p. http://www.in.gov/idem/files/fqaindianarprt.doc Small, John Kunkel. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Revised and expanded edition with keys. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 13 Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago region 4th edition. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Indiana. Taft, J. B., G. S Wilhelm, D. M. Ladd, and L. A. Masters. 1997. Floristic quality assessment for vegetation in Illinois, a method for assessing vegetation integrity: Erigenia, v. 15, p. 395. The Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel. 2001. Coefficients of conservatism for the vascular flora of the Dakotas and adjacent grasslands. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division. Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2001-0001, 32 p. United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resource Conservation Service. Plants Database. http://plants.usda.gov/. University of Florida Herbarium. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/flasvasc.htm. Wilhelm, G. S. 1977. Ecological assessment of open land areas in Kane County, Illinois. Kane County Urban Development Division. Geneva, Illinois. Wilhelm, G. and D. Ladd. 1988. Natural area assessment in the Chicago region: Transactions of the 53rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v3, p. 361-375. Wilhelm, G. and L. Masters. 2006a. Floristic quality assessment and computer applications: Iowa data base from Pauline Drobney and others. Conservation Research Institute. Wilhelm, G. and L. Masters. 2006b. Floristic quality assessment and computer applications: Kentucky data base from Margaret Shea and others. Conservation Research Institute. Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2003. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida, Second Edition. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2004. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. 14 Appendix A. COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR SOUTH FLORIDA C 4 2 2 5 7 1 3 6 4 8 5 6 9 8 4 10 10 4 10 2 8 8 7 7 8 7 7 5 9 9 6 7 7 4 5 10 5 0 7 4 4 5 6 4 5 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Abildgaardia ovata Flatspike Sedge Cyperaceae Abutilon permolle Coastal Indian Mallow Malvaceae Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia Fabaceae Acacia macracantha Porknut Fabaceae Acacia pinetorum Pineland Acacia Fabaceae Acacia tortuosa Poponax Veronicaceae Acalypha chamaedrifolia Bastard Copperleaf Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens Slender Threeseed Mercury Euphorbiaceae Acalypha ostryifolia Pineland Threeseed Mercury Euphorbiaceae Acanthocereus tetragonus Triangle Cactus; Barbed-Wire Cactus Cactaceae Acer rubrum Red Maple Sapindaceae Acmella oppositifolia var. repens Oppositeleaf Spotflower Asteraceae Acoelorraphe wrightii Everglades Palm Arecaceae Acrostichum aureum Golden Leather Fern Pteridaceae Acrostichum danaeifolium Giant Leather Fern Pteridaceae Adiantum capillus-veneris Venus'-Hair Fern; Southern Maidenhair Pteridaceae Adiantum melanoleucum Fragrant Maidenhair Pteridaceae Adiantum tenerum Brittle Maidenhair Pteridaceae Adiantum villosum Woolly Maidenhair Pteridaceae Aeschynomene americana Shyleaf Fabaceae Aeschynomene pratensis Meadow Jointvetch Fabaceae Aeschynomene viscidula Sticky Jointvetch Fabaceae Agalinis fasciculata Beach False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agalinis filifolia Seminole False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agalinis linifolia Flaxleaf False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agalinis maritima Saltmarsh False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agalinis obtusifolia Tenlobe False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agalinis purpurea Purple False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Agave decipiens False Sisal Agavaceae Agave neglecta Wild Century Plant Agavaceae Ageratina jucunda Hammock Snakeroot Asteraceae Aletris bracteata Bracted Colicroot Nartheciaceae Aletris lutea Yellow Colicroot Nartheciaceae Alternanthera flavescens Yellow Joywood Amaranthaceae Alternanthera maritima Seaside Joyweed Amaranthaceae Alvaradoa amorphoides Mexican Alvaradoa Picramniaceae Amaranthus australis Southern Amaranth Amaranthaceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed Asteraceae Ambrosia hispida Coastal Ragweed Asteraceae Ammannia coccinea Valley Redstem; Scarlet Ammannia Lythraceae Ammannia latifolia Pink Redstem; Toothcup Lythraceae Amorpha fruticosa Bastard Indigobush; False Indigobush Fabaceae Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata Miami Lead Plant Fabaceae Ampelopsis arborea Peppervine Vitaceae Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum Blue Maidencane Poaceae A-1 C 10 10 8 5 7 9 7 6 7 2 5 6 7 7 4 6 6 8 10 7 4 6 10 8 0 0 8 8 10 7 5 8 7 7 2 8 7 7 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Amphitecna latifolia Black Calabash Bignoniaceae Amyris balsamifera Balsam Torchwood Rutaceae Amyris elemifera Sea Torchwood Rutaceae Anagallis minima Chaffweed Primulaceae Anagallis pumila Florida Pimpernel Primulaceae Andropogon brachystachyus Shortspike Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon floridanus Florida Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon glomeratus var. glaucopsis Purple Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior Bushy Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon glomeratus var. pumilus Bushy Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon gyrans Elliott's Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon longiberbis Hairy Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon ternarius Splitbeard Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon tracyi Tracy's Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon virginicus var. decipiens Broomsedge Bluestem Poaceae Andropogon virginicus var. glaucus Chalky Bluestem Poaceae Anemia adiantifolia Maidenhair Pineland Fern Schizaeaceae Anemia wrightii Wright's Pineland Fern; Parsley Fern Schizaeaceae Angadenia berteroi Pineland Golden Trumpet Apocynaceae Annona glabra Pond Apple Annonaceae Apios americana Groundnut Fabaceae Apteria aphylla Nodding Nixie Burmanniaceae Ardisia escallonioides Marlberry Myrsinaceae Argemone albiflora Bluestem Pricklypoppy Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana Mexican Pricklypoppy Papaveraceae Argusia gnaphalodes Sea Rosemary; Sea Lavender Boraginaceae Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata Miami Lead Plant Euphorbiaceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-In-The-Pulpit Araceae Aristida condensata Big Threeawn; Piedmont Threeawn Poaceae Aristida gyrans Corkscrew Threeawn Poaceae Aristida palustris Longleaf Threeawn Poaceae Aristida patula Tall Threeawn Poaceae Aristida purpurascens Arrowfeather Threeawn Poaceae Aristida purpurascens var. tenuispica Hillsboro Threeawn Poaceae Aristida rhizomophora Florida Threeawn Poaceae Aristida spiciformis Bottlebrush Threeawn Poaceae Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana Wiregrass Poaceae Aristolochia pentandra Marsh's Dutchman's-Pipe Aristolochiaceae Arnoglossum ovatum Ovateleaf Indian Plantain Asteraceae Asclepias curtissii Curtiss' Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias feayi Florida Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias lanceolata Fewflower Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias longifolia Longleaf Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias pedicellata Savannah Milkweed Apocynaceae A-2 C 7 8 8 7 7 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 8 5 0 1 1 4 2 5 9 4 3 8 3 3 3 8 10 7 7 5 7 7 8 0 6 6 5 8 6 10 5 3 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Asclepias tomentosa Velvetleaf Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias tuberosa Butterflyweed; Butterfly Milkweed Apocynaceae Asclepias viridis Green Antelopehorn Apocynaceae Asimina obovata Bigflower Pawpaw Annonaceae Asimina reticulata Netted Pawpaw Annonaceae Asimina tetramera Fourpetal Pawpaw Annonaceae Asplenium abscissum Cutleaf Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium dentatum Toothed Spleenwort; Slender Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium erosum Eared Spleenwort; Auricled Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron Ebony Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium serratum Wild Birdnest Fern; Bird's-Nest Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium verecundum Modest Spleenwort; Delicate Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Asplenium x biscaynianum Biscayne Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Atriplex cristata Crested Saltbush Amaranthaceae Aureolaria pedicularia var. pectinata Fernleaf Yellow False Foxglove Orobanchaceae Avicennia germinans Black Mangrove Avicenniaceae Axonopus compressus Tropical Carpetgrass; Broadleaf Carpetgrass Poaceae Axonopus fissifolius Common Carpetgrass Fabaceae Axonopus furcatus Big Carpetgrass Poaceae Ayenia euphrasiifolia Eyebright Ayenia Malvaceae Azolla caroliniana Carolina Mosquito Fern Azollaceae Baccharis angustifolia Saltwater Falsewillow Asteraceae Baccharis dioica Broombush Falsewillow Asteraceae Baccharis glomeruliflora Silverling Asteraceae Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel Tree; Sea Myrtle Asteraceae Bacopa caroliniana Lemon Bacopa; Blue Waterhyssop Veronicaceae Bacopa innominata Tropical Waterhyssop Veronicaceae Bacopa monnieri Herb-Of-Grace Veronicaceae Bacopa repens Creeping Waterhyssop Veronicaceae Balduina angustifolia Coastalplain Honeycombhead Asteraceae Bartonia verna White Screwstem Gentianaceae Bartonia virginica Yellow Screwstem Gentianaceae Basiphyllaea corallicola Carter's Orchid Orchidaceae Batis maritima Saltwort; Turtleweed Bataceae Befaria racemosa Tarflower Ericaceae Berchemia scandens Alabama Supplejack; Rattan Vine Rhamnaceae Berlandiera subacaulis Florida Greeneyes Asteraceae Bidens alba Beggarticks; Romerillo Asteraceae Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles Asteraceae Bidens laevis Burrmarigold; Smooth Beggarticks Asteraceae Bidens mitis Smallfruit Beggarticks Asteraceae Bigelowia nudata subsp. australis Pineland Rayless Goldenrod Asteraceae Blechnum serrulatum Toothed Midsorus Fern; Swamp Fern Blechnaceae Bletia patula Flor De Pasmo Orchidaceae Bletia purpurea Pinepink Orchidaceae Blutaparon vermiculare Samphire; Silverhead Amaranthaceae A-3 C 3 0 0 8 5 5 5 7 9 5 9 10 9 2 10 10 7 7 7 9 9 9 4 10 7 4 8 8 5 4 9 10 10 5 7 9 9 10 6 1 10 10 10 8 4 10 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Boehmeria cylindrica False Nettle; Bog Hemp Urticaceae Boerhavia diffusa Red Spiderling; Wineflower Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia erecta Erect Spiderling Nyctaginaceae Boltonia diffusa Smallhead Doll's Daisy Asteraceae Borrichia arborescens Tree Seaside Oxeye Asteraceae Borrichia frutescens Bushy Seaside Oxeye Asteraceae Borrichia x cubana Asteraceae Bourreria cassinifolia Smooth Strongbark; Little Strongbark Boraginaceae Bourreria succulenta Bahama Strongbark; Bodywood Boraginaceae Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy Gramma Poaceae Brasenia schreberi Watershield Cabombaceae Brassia caudata Spider Orchid; Cricket Orchid Orchidaceae Brickellia mosieri Mosier's False Boneset; Brickell-Bush Asteraceae Buchnera americana American Bluehearts Orobanchaceae Bucida molinetii Spiny Black Olive Combretaceae Bulbophyllum pachyrachis Rattail Orchid Orchidaceae Bulbostylis ciliatifolia Capillary Hairsedge Cyperaceae Bulbostylis stenophylla Sandyfield Hairsedge Cyperaceae Bulbostylis warei Ware's Hairsedge Cyperaceae Burmannia biflora Bluethread Burmanniaceae Burmannia capitata Southern Bluethread Burmanniaceae Burmannia flava Fakahatchee Bluethread Burmanniaceae Bursera simaruba Gumbo-Limbo Burseraceae Byrsonima lucida Long Key Locustberry Malpighiaceae Cabomba caroliniana Carolina Fanwort Cabombaceae Caesalpinia bonduc Gray Nicker Fabaceae Caesalpinia major Hawaii Pearls; Yellow Nicker Fabaceae Cakile lanceolata Coastal Searocket Brassicaceae Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry Lamiaceae Callisia ornata Florida Scrub Roseling Commelinaceae Callitriche peploides Matted Waterstarwort Callitrichaceae Calopogon barbatus Bearded Grasspink Orchidaceae Calopogon multiflorus Manyflowered Grasspink Orchidaceae Calopogon pallidus Pale Grasspink Orchidaceae Calopogon tuberosus Tuberous Grasspink Orchidaceae Calopogon tuberosus var. simpsonii Simpson's Grasspink Orchidaceae Calyptranthes pallens Pale Lidflower; Spicewood Myrtaceae Calyptranthes zuzygium Myrtle-Of-The-River Myrtaceae Calystegia sepium subsp. limnophila Hedge False Bindweed Convolvulaceae Campanula floridana Florida Bellflower Poaceae Campylocentrum pachyrrhizum Leafless Bentspur Orchid Orchidaceae Campyloneurum angustifolium Narrow Strap Fern; Narrow Swamp Fern Polypodiaceae Campyloneurum costatum Tailed Strap Fern Polypodiaceae Campyloneurum phyllitidis Long Strap Fern Polypodiaceae Canavalia rosea Baybean; Seaside Jackbean Fabaceae Canella winterana Pepper Cinnamon; Cinnamon Bark Canellaceae A-4 C 4 7 9 9 2 4 7 2 9 4 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 10 10 10 10 8 10 10 8 2 2 3 7 2 4 6 10 4 4 5 7 6 4 1 8 3 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Canna flaccida Bandana-Of-The-Everglades Cannaceae Caperonia castaneifolia Chestnutleaf Falsecroton Euphorbiaceae Capparis cynophallophora Jamaican Capertree Brassicaceae Capparis flexuosa Bayleaf Capertree Brassicaceae Capraria biflora Goatweed Veronicaceae Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum Bird Pepper Solanaceae Cardiospermum corindum Faux Persil Sapindaceae Cardiospermum microcarpum Heartseed Sapindaceae Carex gigantea Giant Sedge Cyperaceae Carex longii Long's Sedge Cyperaceae Carex lupuliformis False Hop Sedge Cyperaceae Carex verrucosa Warty Sedge Cyperaceae Carex vexans Florida Hammock Sedge Cyperaceae Carphephorus carnosus Pineland Chaffhead Asteraceae Carphephorus corymbosus Coastalplain Chaffhead; Florida Paintbrush Asteraceae Carphephorus odoratissimus var. subtropicanus Pineland Purple; False Vanillaleaf Asteraceae Carphephorus paniculatus Hairy Chaffhead Asteraceae Carya aquatica Water Hickory Juglandaceae Carya floridana Scrub Hickory Juglandaceae Carya glabra Pignut Hickory Juglandaceae Cassytha filiformis Love Vine; Devil's Gut Lauraceae Catopsis berteroniana Powdery Strap Airplant Bromeliaceae Catopsis floribunda Florida Strap Airplant Bromeliaceae Catopsis nutans Nodding Strap Airplant; Nodding Catopsis Bromeliaceae Cayaponia americana American Melonleaf Cucurbitaceae Celosia nitida West Indian Cock's Comb Amaranthaceae Celtis ehrenbergiana Spiny Hackberry; Desert Hackberry Celtidaceae Celtis iguanaea Iguana Hackberry Celtidaceae Celtis laevigata Sugarberry; Hackberry Celtidaceae Cenchrus echinatus Southern Sandbur Poaceae Cenchrus gracillimus Slender Sandbur Poaceae Cenchrus spinifex Coastal Sandbur Poaceae Cenchrus tribuloides Sanddune Sandbur Poaceae Centella asiatica Spadeleaf Araliaceae Centrosema virginianum Spurred Butterfly Pea Fabaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Buttonbush Rubiaceae Ceratiola ericoides Florida Rosemary; Sand Heath Ericaceae Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail Ceratophyllaceae Ceratopteris pteridoides Water Horn Fern Pteridaceae Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea Fabaceae Chamaecrista lineata var. keyensis Narrowpod Sensitive Pea; Key Cassia Fabaceae Chamaecrista nictitans Sensitive Pea Fabaceae Chamaecrista nictitans var. aspera Sensitive Pea Fabaceae Chamaesyce blodgettii Limestone Sandmat Campanulaceae Chamaesyce bombensis Dixie Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce conferta Everglades Key Sandmat Euphorbiaceae A-5 C 6 6 10 9 0 1 1 0 5 1 9 10 0 8 7 7 9 10 0 4 7 6 9 3 4 9 7 9 5 4 5 6 4 0 9 4 2 8 5 6 5 7 9 4 9 8 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Chamaesyce cumulicola Coastal Dune Sandmat; Sanddune Spurge Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce deltoidea Wedge Sandmat; Rockland Spurge Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. pinetorum Pineland Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce garberi Garber's Sandmat; Garber's Spurge Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hirta Pillpod Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hypericifolia Graceful Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hyssopifolia Hyssopleaf Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce maculata Spotted Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce mesembrianthemifolia Coastal Beach Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce ophthalmica Florida Hammock Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce pergamena Southern Florida Sandmat; Rocklands Spurge Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce porteriana Porter's Sandmat; Porter's Spurge Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce prostrata Prostrate Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Chapmannia floridana Florida Alicia Fabaceae Chaptalia albicans White Sunbonnets Asteraceae Chaptalia tomentosa Woolly Sunbonnets; Pineland Daisy Asteraceae Chasmanthium nitidum Shiny Woodoats Poaceae Cheilanthes microphylla Southern Lip Fern Pteridaceae Chenopodium berlandieri Pitseed Goosefoot Amaranthaceae Chiococca alba Snowberry; Milkberry Rubiaceae Chiococca pinetorum Rubiaceae Chloris elata Tall Windmillgrass; Manyspike Fingergrass Poaceae Chromolaena frustrata Cape Sable Thoroughwort Asteraceae Chromolaena odorata Jack-In-The-Bush Asteraceae Chrysobalanus icaco Coco Plum Chrysobalanaceae Chrysophyllum oliviforme Satinleaf Sapotaceae Chrysopogon pauciflorus Florida False Beardgrass Poaceae Chrysopsis linearifolia subsp. dressii Dress' Goldenaster Asteraceae Chrysopsis mariana Maryland Goldenaster Asteraceae Chrysopsis scabrella Coastalplain Goldenaster Asteraceae Chrysopsis subulata Scrubland Goldenaster Asteraceae Cicuta maculata Spotted Water Hemlock Apiaceae Cirsium horridulum Purple Thistle Asteraceae Cirsium nuttallii Nuttall's Thistle Asteraceae Cissampelos pareira Pereira Brava Menispermaceae Cissus trifoliata Sorrelvine; Marinevine Vitaceae Cissus verticillata Seasonvine; Possum Grape Vitaceae Citharexylum spinosum Florida Fiddlewood Verbenaceae Cladium jamaicense Jamaica Swamp Sawgrass Cyperaceae Clematis baldwinii Pine-Hyacinth Ranunculaceae Clitoria mariana Atlantic Pigeonwings Fabaceae Cnidoscolus stimulosus Tread-Softly; Finger-Rot Euphorbiaceae Coccoloba diversifolia Tietongue; Pigeon Plum Polygonaceae Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape Polygonaceae Coccothrinax argentata Florida Silver Palm Arecaceae Coelorachis cylindrica Carolina Jointtailgrass Poaceae A-6 C 7 8 4 8 7 6 4 5 9 8 1 8 2 1 10 7 8 4 7 10 8 10 9 4 7 3 8 9 8 9 6 9 9 10 9 5 2 6 5 10 8 5 2 2 2 6 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Coelorachis rugosa Wrinkled Jointtailgrass Poaceae Coelorachis tuberculosa Florida Jointtailgrass; Piedmont Jointgrass Poaceae Colubrina arborescens Greenheart Rhamnaceae Colubrina cubensis var. floridana Cuban Nakedwood Rhamnaceae Colubrina elliptica Soldierwood Rhamnaceae Commelina erecta Whitemouth Dayflower Commelinaceae Conocarpus erectus Buttonwood Combretaceae Conoclinium coelestinum Blue Mistflower Asteraceae Conopholis americana American Squawroot; Cancerroot Orobanchaceae Conradina grandiflora Largeflower False Rosemary Lamiaceae Conyza canadensis var. pusilla Dwarf Canadian Horseweed Euphorbiaceae Corallorhiza wisteriana Spring Coralroot Orchidaceae Corchorus hirtus Red Jute Malvaceae Corchorus siliquosus Slippery Burr Asteraceae Cordia bahamensis Bahama Manjack Boraginaceae Cordia globosa Curacao Bush Boraginaceae Coreopsis floridana Florida Tickseed Asteraceae Coreopsis leavenworthii Leavenworth's Tickseed Asteraceae Cornus foemina Swamp Dogwood; Stiff Dogwood Cornaceae Cranichis muscosa Cypressknee Helmet Orchid; Moss Orchid Orchidaceae Crinum americanum Seven-Sisters; String-Lily Amaryllidaceae Crossopetalum ilicifolium Christmasberry Celastraceae Crossopetalum rhacoma Maidenberry; Rhacoma Celastraceae Crotalaria pumila Low Rattlebox Fabaceae Crotalaria rotundifolia Rabbitbells Fabaceae Croton glandulosus Vente Conmigo Euphorbiaceae Croton glandulosus var. floridanus Vente Conmigo Euphorbiaceae Croton humilis Pepperbush Euphorbiaceae Croton linearis Pineland Croton; Grannybush Euphorbiaceae Croton lobatus Lobed Croton Euphorbiaceae Croton michauxii Rushfoil; Michaux's Croton Euphorbiaceae Croton punctatus Gulf Croton; Beach Tea Euphorbiaceae Ctenitis sloanei Florida Tree Fern; Red-Hair Comb Fern Dryopteridaceae Ctenitis submarginalis Brown-Hair Comb Fern Dryopteridaceae Ctenium aromaticum Toothachegrass Poaceae Cucurbita okeechobeensis Okeechobee Gourd Cucurbitaceae Cuscuta pentagona Fiveangled Dodder Convolvulaceae Cuscuta umbellata Flatglobe Dodder Convolvulaceae Cynanchum angustifolium Gulf Coast Swallowwort Apocynaceae Cynanchum blodgettii Blodgett's Swallowwort Apocynaceae Cynanchum northropiae Fragrant Swallowwort Apocynaceae Cynanchum scoparium Leafless Swallowwort Apocynaceae Cyperus articulatus Jointed Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus compressus Poorland Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus croceus Baldwin's Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus cuspidatus Coastalplain Flatsedge Cyperaceae A-7 C 4 6 5 7 5 6 3 3 3 9 2 3 3 0 5 2 9 10 5 4 8 5 7 3 8 0 7 10 0 8 10 9 3 10 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 7 6 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Cyperus distinctus Swamp Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus elegans Royal Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos Redroot Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus filiculmis Wiry Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus filiformis Wiry Flatsedge; Florida Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus flavescens Yellow Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan Haspan Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus ligularis Swamp Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus Fragrant Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus pedunculatus Beachstar Cyperaceae Cyperus planifolius Flatleaf Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos Manyspike Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus retrorsus Pinebarren Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus squarrosus Bearded Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus Strawcolored Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus surinamensis Tropical Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus tetragonus Fourangle Flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyrtopodium punctatum Cowhorn Orchid; Cigar Orchid Orchidaceae Dalbergia brownei Browne's Indian Rosewood Fabaceae Dalbergia ecastaphyllum Coinvine Fabaceae Dalea carnea Whitetassels Fabaceae Dalea carthagenensis var. floridana Florida Prairieclover Fabaceae Dalea feayi Feay's Prairieclover Fabaceae Dalea pinnata Summer Farewell Fabaceae Dalea pinnata var. adenopoda Summer Farewell Fabaceae Datura stramonium Jimsonweed Solanaceae Deeringothamnus rugelii var. pulchellus Pretty False Pawpaw; Royal False Pawpaw Annonaceae Dendrophylax lindenii Ghost Orchid; Palmpolly Orchidaceae Descurainia pinnata Western Tansymustard Brassicaceae Desmodium floridanum Florida Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Desmodium lineatum Sand Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Desmodium marilandicum Smooth Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Desmodium paniculatum Panicled Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Desmodium strictum Pinebarren Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Dichanthelium aciculare Needleleaf Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium commutatum Variable Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium dichotomum Cypress Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium ensifolium Cypress Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium ensifolium var. breve Dwarf Cypress Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium ensifolium var. unciphyllum Cypress Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium erectifolium Erectleaf Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium laxiflorum Openflower Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium leucothrix Rough Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium ovale Eggleaf Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium portoricense Hemlock Witchgrass Poaceae Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens Roughhair Witchgrass Poaceae A-8 C 2 4 0 0 7 8 0 0 9 1 5 2 4 8 5 4 9 7 1 10 10 8 8 6 1 10 6 1 5 3 4 8 6 3 3 5 5 2 7 10 9 8 4 10 10 10 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Dichondra carolinensis Carolina Ponysfoot Convolvulaceae Dicliptera sexangularis Sixangle Foldwing Acanthaceae Dicranopteris flexuosa Drooping Forked Fern Gleicheniaceae Digitaria ciliaris Southern Crabgrass Poaceae Digitaria filiformis Slender Crabgrass; Shaggy Crabgrass Poaceae Digitaria filiformis var. dolichophylla Caribbean Crabgrass Poaceae Digitaria horizontalis Jamaican Crabgrass Poaceae Digitaria insularis Sourgrass Poaceae Digitaria pauciflora Twospike Crabgrass;Everglades Crabgrass Poaceae Digitaria serotina Blanket Crabgrass; Dwarf Crabgrass Malvaceae Diodia teres Poor Joe; Rough Buttonweed Rubiaceae Diodia virginiana Virginia Buttonweed Rubiaceae Diospyros virginiana Common Persimmon Ebenaceae Distichlis spicata Saltgrass Poaceae Dodonaea elaeagnoides Smallfruit Varnishleaf; Keys Hopebush Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa Varnishleaf; Florida Hopbush Sapindaceae Drosera brevifolia Dwarf Sundew Droseraceae Drosera capillaris Pink Sundew Droseraceae Drymaria cordata Drymary; West Indian Chickweed Poaceae Drypetes diversifolia Whitewood; Milkbark Euphorbiaceae Drypetes lateriflora Guiana Plum Euphorbiaceae Dyschoriste angusta Pineland Twinflower; Pineland Snakeherb Acanthaceae Dyschoriste oblongifolia Oblongleaf Snakeherb Acanthaceae Echinochloa paludigena Florida Cockspur Poaceae Echinochloa walteri Coast Cockspur Caryophyllaceae Echinodorus berteroi Upright Burrhead Alismataceae Echites umbellata Devil's Potato; Rubbervine Apocynaceae Eclipta prostrata False Daisy Poaceae Eleocharis albida White Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis baldwinii Baldwin's Spikerush; Roadgrass Cyperaceae Eleocharis cellulosa Gulf Coast Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis elongata Slim Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis flavescens Yellow Spikerush; Pale Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis geniculata Canada Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis interstincta Knotted Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis microcarpa Smallfruit Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis montevidensis Sand Spikerush Cyperaceae Eleocharis vivipara Viviparous Spikerush Cyperaceae Elephantopus elatus Tall Elephantsfoot Asteraceae Eltroplectris calcarata Longclaw Orchid; Spurred Neottia Orchidaceae Elytraria caroliniensis Carolina Scalystem Acanthaceae Elytraria caroliniensis var. angustifolia Carolina Scalystem Acanthaceae Encyclia tampensis Florida Butterfly Orchid Orchidaceae Epidendrum anceps Dingy-Flowered Star Orchid Orchidaceae Epidendrum blancheanum Acuna's Star Orchid Orchidaceae Epidendrum floridense Umbrella Star Orchid; Umbelled Epidendrum Orchidaceae A-9 C 10 10 10 0 2 8 1 0 2 4 3 3 5 8 8 9 8 8 7 10 7 8 8 8 7 9 10 8 10 4 1 8 8 8 7 4 3 3 7 4 5 2 4 5 0 7 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Epidendrum nocturnum Night-Scented Epidendrum Orchidaceae Epidendrum rigidum Stiff-Flower Star Orchid; Rigid Epidendrum Orchidaceae Epidendrum strobiliferum Big Cypress Star Orchid; Matted Epidendrum Orchidaceae Equisetum hyemale var. affine Scouring-Rush Equisetaceae Eragrostis elliottii Elliott's Lovegrass Poaceae Eragrostis hypnoides Teal Lovegrass Poaceae Eragrostis pectinacea var. tracyi Sanibel Island Lovegrass Asteraceae Eragrostis secundiflora subsp. oxylepis Red Lovegrass Poaceae Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Lovegrass Poaceae Eragrostis virginica Coastal Lovegrass Poaceae Erechtites hieraciifolius American Burnweed; Fireweed Asteraceae Erigeron quercifolius Oakleaf Fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron vernus Early Whitetop Fleabane Asteraceae Eriocaulon compressum Flattened Pipewort Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon decangulare Tenangle Pipewort Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon ravenelii Ravenel's Pipewort Eriocaulaceae Eriochloa michauxii Michaux's Cupgrass Poaceae Eriochloa michauxii var. simpsonii Simpson's Cupgrass Poaceae Erithalis fruticosa Blacktorch Rubiaceae Ernodea cokeri Coker's Beach Creeper; One-Nerved Ernodea Rubiaceae Ernodea littoralis Beach Creeper; Coughbush Rubiaceae Eryngium aromaticum Fragrant Eryngo Apiaceae Eryngium baldwinii Baldwin's Eryngo Apiaceae Eryngium yuccifolium Button Rattlesnakemaster; Button Eryngo Apiaceae Erythrina herbacea Coralbean; Cherokee Bean Fabaceae Eugenia axillaris White Stopper Myrtaceae Eugenia confusa Redberry Stopper; Redberry Eugenia Myrtaceae Eugenia foetida Spanish Stopper; Boxleaf Stopper Myrtaceae Eugenia rhombea Red Stopper Myrtaceae Eulophia alta Wild Coco Orchidaceae Eupatorium capillifolium Dogfennel Poaceae Eupatorium compositifolium Yankeeweed Asteraceae Eupatorium leptophyllum Falsefennel Asteraceae Eupatorium mikanioides Semaphore Thoroughwort Asteraceae Eupatorium mohrii Mohr's Thoroughwort Asteraceae Eupatorium rotundifolium Roundleaf Thoroughwort; False Horehound Asteraceae Eupatorium serotinum Lateflowering Thoroughwort Asteraceae Euphorbia inundata var. garrettii Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia polyphylla Lesser Florida Spurge Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia trichotoma Sanddune Spurge Euphorbiaceae Eustachys glauca Saltmarsh Fingergrass Poaceae Eustachys petraea Pinewoods Fingergrass Poaceae Eustoma exaltatum Marshgentian; Catchfly Prairie-Gentian Gentianaceae Euthamia caroliniana Slender Flattop Goldenrod Asteraceae Evolvulus alsinoides Slender Dwarf Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Evolvulus sericeus Silver Dwarf Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae A-10 C 8 9 2 4 4 4 2 1 7 8 4 4 0 8 4 7 3 4 4 5 7 7 7 4 10 4 4 0 2 1 1 8 8 8 0 10 9 9 7 8 10 7 7 7 10 8 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Exostema caribaeum Caribbean Princewood Rubiaceae Exothea paniculata Inkwood; Butterbough Sapindaceae Ficus aurea Strangler Fig; Golden Fig Moraceae Ficus citrifolia Wild Banyan Tree Moraceae Fimbristylis autumnalis Slender Fimbry Cyperaceae Fimbristylis caroliniana Carolina Fimbry Cyperaceae Fimbristylis cymosa Hurricanegrass Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Forked Fimbry Asteraceae Fimbristylis puberula Hairy Fimbry Cyperaceae Fimbristylis spadicea Marsh Fimbry Cyperaceae Flaveria floridana Florida Yellowtops Asteraceae Flaveria linearis Narrowleaf Yellowtops Asteraceae Flaveria trinervia Clustered Yellowtops Asteraceae Forestiera pinetorum Oleaceae Forestiera segregata Florida Swampprivet Oleaceae Fraxinus caroliniana Carolina Ash; Water Ash; Pop Ash Oleaceae Froelichia floridana Cottonweed; Plains Snakecotton Amaranthaceae Fuirena breviseta Saltmarsh Umbrellasedge Cyperaceae Fuirena pumila Dwarf Umbrellasedge Cyperaceae Fuirena scirpoidea Southern Umbrellasedge Cyperaceae Galactia elliottii Elliott's Milkpea Fabaceae Galactia regularis Eastern Milkpea Fabaceae Galactia striata Florida Hammock Milkpea Fabaceae Galactia volubilis Downy Milkpea Fabaceae Galeandra bicarinata Two-Keeled Hooded Orchid; Helmet Orchid Orchidaceae Galium hispidulum Coastal Bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium tinctorium Stiff Marsh Bedstraw Rubiaceae Gamochaeta americana American Everlasting Asteraceae Gamochaeta falcata Narrow Leaf Purple Everlasting Asteraceae Gamochaeta purpurea Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting Cyperaceae Gaura angustifolia Southern Beeblossom Asteraceae Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry Ericaceae Gelsemium sempervirens Yellow Jessamine; Carolina Jessamine Gelsemiaceae Genipa clusiifolia Sevenyear Apple Rubiaceae Geranium carolinianum Carolina Cranesbill Geraniaceae Glandularia maritima Coastal Mock Vervain Verbenaceae Glandularia tampensis Tampa Mock Vervain Verbenaceae Gordonia lasianthus Loblolly Bay Theaceae Gossypium hirsutum Upland Cotton; Wild Cotton Malvaceae Gouania lupuloides Chewstick; Whiteroot Rhamnaceae Govenia floridana Florida Govenia; Gowen's Orchid Orchidaceae Gratiola hispida Rough Hedgehyssop Veronicaceae Gratiola pilosa Shaggy Hedgehyssop Veronicaceae Gratiola ramosa Branched Hedgehyssop Veronicaceae Guajacum sanctum Holywood Lignumvitae Zygophyllaceae Guapira discolor Beeftree; Blolly Nyctaginaceae A-11 C 9 9 10 10 9 9 10 4 8 7 7 6 7 8 7 8 6 4 4 9 8 1 2 8 3 5 6 6 4 4 6 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 10 8 1 5 9 8 9 9 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Guettarda elliptica Hammock Velvetseed Rubiaceae Guettarda scabra Rough Velvetseed Rubiaceae Guzmania monostachia West Indian Tufted Airplant Bromeliaceae Gyminda latifolia West Indian False Boxwood Celastraceae Gymnanthes lucida Crabwood; Oysterwood Euphorbiaceae Gymnopogon ambiguus Bearded Skeletongrass Poaceae Habenaria distans Hammock False Rein Orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria floribunda Toothpetal False Rein Orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria nivea Snowy Orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria quinqueseta Longhorn False Rein Orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria repens Waterspider False Rein Orchid Orchidaceae Halodule wrightii Shoalweed Cymodoceaceae Halophila decipiens Caribbean seagrass Hydrocharitaceae Halophila decipiens Caribbean Seagrass Hydrocharitaceae Halophila engelmannii Engelmann's seagrass Hydrocharitaceae Halophila engelmannii Engelmann's Seagrass Hydrocharitaceae Halophila johnsonii Johnson's seagrass Hydrocharitaceae Hamelia patens Firebush Rubiaceae Harrisella porrecta Needleroot Airplant Orchid Orchidaceae Harrisia aboriginum Prickly Applecactus Cactaceae Harrisia simpsonii Simpson's Applecactus Cactaceae Helenium amarum Spanish Daisy; Bitterweed Onagraceae Helenium flexuosum Purplehead Sneezeweed Asteraceae Helenium pinnatifidum Southeastern Sneezeweed Asteraceae Helianthemum corymbosum Pinebarren Frostweed Cistaceae Helianthemum nashii Florida Scrub Frostweed Cistaceae Helianthus agrestis Southeastern Sunflower Asteraceae Helianthus angustifolius Narrowleaf Sunflower; Swamp Sunflower Asteraceae Helianthus debilis East Coast Dune Sunflower Asteraceae Helianthus debilis subsp. vestitus West Coast Dune Sunflower Asteraceae Helianthus radula Stiff Sunflower Asteraceae Heliotropium angiospermum Scorpionstail Boraginaceae Heliotropium curassavicum Seaside Heliotrope; Salt Heliotrope Boraginaceae Heliotropium polyphyllum Pineland Heliotrope Boraginaceae Herissantia crispa Bladdermallow Malvaceae Heteropogon contortus Tanglehead Asteraceae Heteropogon melanocarpus Sweet Tanglehead Poaceae Heterotheca subaxillaris Camphorweed Poaceae Hexalectris spicata Spiked Crested Coralroot Orchidaceae Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet Rosemallow Malvaceae Hibiscus furcellatus Lindenleaf Rosemallow Asteraceae Hibiscus grandiflorus Swamp Rosemallow Malvaceae Hibiscus poeppigii Poeppig's Rosemallow Malvaceae Hieracium megacephalon Coastalplain Hawkweed Asteraceae Hippocratea volubilis Medicine Vine Celastraceae Hippomane mancinella Manchineel Euphorbiaceae A-12 C 6 10 4 7 7 9 8 10 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 8 8 8 6 5 7 7 9 10 8 8 2 6 9 3 2 0 0 9 2 10 4 6 9 3 2 7 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Houstonia procumbens Innocence; Roundleaf Bluet Rubiaceae Huperzia dichotoma Hanging Club-Moss Lycopodiaceae Hydrocotyle umbellata Manyflower Marshpennywort Araliaceae Hydrolea corymbosa Skyflower Hydroleaceae Hymenocallis latifolia Mangrove Spiderlily; Perfumed Spiderlily Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis palmeri Alligatorlily Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis tridentata Florida Spiderlily Amaryllidaceae Hypelate trifoliata White Ironwood Sapindaceae Hypericum brachyphyllum Coastalplain St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum cistifolium Roundpod St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum crux-andreae St.Peter's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum edisonianum Arcadian St.John's-Wort; Edison Ascyrum Clusiaceae Hypericum fasciculatum Sandweed; Peelbark St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum gentianoides Pineweeds; Orangegrass Clusiaceae Hypericum hypericoides St.Andrew's-Cross Clusiaceae Hypericum mutilum Dwarf St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum myrtifolium Myrtleleaf St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum reductum Atlantic St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypericum tetrapetalum Fourpetal St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Hypoxis curtissii Common Yellow Stargrass Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis juncea Fringed Yellow Stargrass Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis sessilis Glossyseed Yellow Stargrass Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis wrightii Bristleseed Yellow Stargrass Hypoxidaceae Hyptis alata Clustered Bushmint; Musky Mint Lamiaceae Ilex cassine Dahoon Aquifoliaceae Ilex glabra Inkberry; Gallberry Aquifoliaceae Ilex krugiana Tawnyberry Holly; Krug's Holly Aquifoliaceae Ilex opaca American Holly Aquifoliaceae Imperata brasiliensis Brazilian Satintail Poaceae Indigofera caroliniana Carolina Indigo Fabaceae Indigofera miniata var. florida Florida Coastal Indigo Fabaceae Indigofera trita subsp. scabra Florida Keys Indigo Fabaceae Ionopsis utricularioides Delicate Violet Orchid Orchidaceae Ipomoea alba Moonflowers; Tropical White Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cordatotriloba Tievine Convolvulaceae Ipomoea hederacea Ivyleaf Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea hederifolia Scarletcreeper Convolvulaceae Ipomoea imperati Beach Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica var. acuminata Oceanblue Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea microdactyla Man-In-The-Ground Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis Railroad Vine; Bayhops Convolvulaceae Ipomoea sagittata Saltmarsh Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea tenuissima Rockland Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea violacea Heavenlyblue Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Iresine diffusa Juba's Bush Amaranthaceae Iris hexagona Dixie Iris; Prairie Iris Iridaceae A-13 C 6 8 8 5 8 7 7 9 10 5 5 4 7 4 7 6 4 8 1 5 5 4 9 0 0 6 8 8 5 7 2 4 4 6 5 9 7 8 7 7 7 2 4 3 4 10 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Isoetes flaccida Florida Quillwort Isoetaceae Itea virginica Virginia Willow; Virginia Sweetspire Iteaceae Iva frutescens Bigleaf Sumpweed Asteraceae Iva imbricata Seacoast Marshelder Asteraceae Iva microcephala Piedmont Marshelder Asteraceae Jacquemontia curtisii Pineland Clustervine; Pineland Jacquemontia Convolvulaceae Jacquemontia pentanthos Skyblue Clustervine Convolvulaceae Jacquemontia reclinata Beach Clustervine; Beach Jacquemontia Convolvulaceae Jacquinia keyensis Joewood Theophrastaceae Juncus effusus subsp. solutus Soft Rush Juncaceae Juncus marginatus Shore Rush; Grassleaf Rush Juncaceae Juncus megacephalus Bighead Rush Juncaceae Juncus polycephalos Manyhead Rush Juncaceae Juncus repens Lesser Creeping Rush Juncaceae Juncus roemerianus Needle Rush; Needlegrass Rush; Black Rush Juncaceae Juncus scirpoides Needlepod Rush Juncaceae Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Cupressaceae Justicia angusta Pineland Waterwillow Acanthaceae Kallstroemia maxima Big Caltrop Malvaceae Koanophyllon villosum Florida Shrub Thoroughwort Asteraceae Kosteletzkya depressa White Fenrose; White Fen Malvaceae Kosteletzkya virginica Virginia Saltmarsh Mallow Malvaceae Krugiodendron ferreum Black Ironwood; Leadwood Rhamnaceae Kyllinga odorata Fragrant Spikesedge Cyperaceae Kyllinga pumila Low Spikesedge Cyperaceae Lachnanthes caroliana Carolina Redroot Haemodoraceae Lachnocaulon anceps Whitehead Bogbutton Eriocaulaceae Lachnocaulon beyrichianum Southern Bogbutton Eriocaulaceae Lachnocaulon minus Small's Bogbutton Eriocaulaceae Lactuca floridana Woodland Lettuce Asteraceae Lactuca graminifolia Grassleaf Lettuce Asteraceae Laguncularia racemosa White Mangrove Combretaceae Lantana canescens Hammock Shrubverbena Verbenaceae Lantana depressa Rockland Shrubverbena; Pineland Lantana Verbenaceae Lantana involucrata Buttonsage Verbenaceae Lasiacis divaricata Smallcane; Florida Tibisee Poaceae Lechea cernua Nodding Pinweed; Scrub Pinweed Cistaceae Lechea deckertii Deckert's Pinweed Cistaceae Lechea divaricata Drysand Pinweed; Spreading Pinweed Cistaceae Lechea sessiliflora Pineland Pinweed Cistaceae Lechea torreyi Piedmont Pinweed Cistaceae Leersia hexandra Southern Cutgrass Poaceae Lemna aequinoctialis Lesser Duckweed Araceae Lemna obscura Little Duckweed Araceae Lemna valdiviana Valdivia Duckweed Araceae Lepanthopsis melanantha Tiny Orchid Orchidaceae A-14 C 0 1 3 1 6 8 8 7 7 8 4 8 8 5 7 1 2 4 5 3 1 6 4 7 7 10 8 7 8 5 7 2 7 10 5 4 6 7 4 3 6 6 3 2 8 4 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Lepidium virginicum Virginia Pepperweed Brassicaceae Leptochloa dubia Green Sprangletop Zygophyllaceae Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis Bearded Sprangletop Poaceae Leptochloa virgata Tropical Sprangletop Poaceae Liatris chapmanii Chapman's Gayfeather Asteraceae Liatris garberi Garber's Gayfeather Asteraceae Liatris gracilis Slender Gayfeather Asteraceae Liatris spicata Dense Gayfeather Asteraceae Liatris tenuifolia Shortleaf Gayfeather Asteraceae Liatris tenuifolia var. quadriflora Shortleaf Gayfeather Asteraceae Licania michauxii Gopher Apple Chrysobalanaceae Licaria triandra Pepperleaf Sweetwood; Licaria Lauraceae Lilium catesbaei Catesby's Lily; Pine Lily Liliaceae Limnobium spongia American Spongeplant; Frog's-Bit Hydrocharitaceae Limonium carolinianum Carolina Sealavender Plumbaginaceae Linaria canadensis Canadian Toadflax Poaceae Linaria floridana Apalachicola Toadflax Veronicaceae Lindernia dubia Moistbank Pimpernel Veronicaceae Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea Yellowseed False Pimpernel Veronicaceae Lindernia grandiflora Savannah False Pimpernel Veronicaceae Linum arenicola Sand Flax Veronicaceae Linum carteri Carter's Flax; Everglades Flax Linaceae Linum carteri var. smallii Small's Flax Linaceae Linum floridanum Florida Yellow Flax Linaceae Linum medium var. texanum Stiff Yellow Flax Linaceae Liparis nervosa Pantropical Widelip Orchid; Tall Twayblade Orchidaceae Lipocarpha maculata American Halfchaff Sedge Cyperaceae Lipocarpha micrantha Smallflower Halfchaff Sedge Cyperaceae Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Altingiaceae Lobelia feayana Bay Lobelia Campanulaceae Lobelia glandulosa Glade Lobelia Campanulaceae Lobelia homophylla Pineland Lobelia Campanulaceae Lobelia paludosa White Lobelia Campanulaceae Lomariopsis kunzeana Holly Vine Fern; Climbing Holly-Fern Lomariopsidaceae Ludwigia alata Winged Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia arcuata Piedmont Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia curtissii Curtiss' Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia decurrens Wingleaf Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia erecta Yerba De Jicotea Onagraceae Ludwigia leptocarpa Anglestem Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia linifolia Southeastern Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia maritima Seaside Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia microcarpa Smallfruit Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis Mexican Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia pilosa Hairy Primrosewillow Onagraceae Ludwigia repens Creeping Primrosewillow Onagraceae A-15 C 7 7 2 8 8 7 4 8 7 8 7 7 5 3 3 3 10 8 2 10 1 9 9 10 10 10 9 7 5 6 4 6 2 6 2 2 4 4 4 2 10 6 7 3 4 4 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Ludwigia suffruticosa Shrubby Primrosewillow Onagraceae Lupinus diffusus Skyblue Lupine Fabaceae Luziola fluitans Southern Watergrass Poaceae Lycium carolinianum Christmasberry; Carolina Desert-Thorn Solanaceae Lycopodiella appressa Southern Club-Moss Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella caroliniana Slender Club-Moss Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella cernua Nodding Club-Moss; Staghorn Club-Moss Lycopodiaceae Lycopus rubellus Taperleaf Waterhorehound Lamiaceae Lygodesmia aphylla Rose-Rush Asteraceae Lyonia ferruginea Rusty Staggerbush Ericaceae Lyonia fruticosa Coastalplain Staggerbush Ericaceae Lyonia lucida Fetterbush Ericaceae Lysiloma latisiliquum False Tamarind Fabaceae Lythrum alatum var. lanceolatum Winged Loosestrife Lythraceae Lythrum flagellare Florida Loosestrife; Lowland Loosestrife Lythraceae Lythrum lineare Wand Loosestrife Lythraceae Macradenia lutescens Longgland Orchid; Trinidad Macradenia Orchidaceae Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnoliaceae Malachra fasciata Roadside Leafbract Malvaceae Malaxis spicata Florida Addersmouth Orchid Orchidaceae Malvastrum corchorifolium False Mallow Linaceae Manilkara jaimiqui subsp. emarginata Wild Dilly Sapotaceae Marshallia graminifolia Grassleaf Barbara's Buttons Asteraceae Matelea floridana Florida Milkvine; Florida Spiny Pod Apocynaceae Maxillaria crassifolia Hidden Orchid Orchidaceae Maxillaria parviflora Purple Tiger Orchid; Minnie-Max Orchidaceae Maytenus phyllanthoides Florida Mayten Celastraceae Mecardonia acuminata subsp. peninsularis Axilflower Veronicaceae Mecardonia procumbens Baby Jumpup Veronicaceae Melanthera angustifolia Asteraceae Melanthera nivea Snow Squarestem Asteraceae Melanthera parvifolia Asteraceae Melochia pyramidata Pyramidflower Malvaceae Melochia spicata Bretonica Peluda Malvaceae Melochia tomentosa Woolly Pyramidflower; Teabush; Broomwood Malvaceae Melothria pendula Creeping Cucumber Cucurbitaceae Mentzelia floridana Poorman's Patch; Stickleaf Loasaceae Metopium toxiferum Florida Poisontree; Poisonwood Anacardiaceae Micranthemum glomeratum Manatee Mudflower Veronicaceae Micranthemum umbrosum Shade Mudflower Veronicaceae Microgramma heterophylla Climbing Vine Fern Polypodiaceae Micromeria brownei var. pilosiuscula Browne's Savory Lamiaceae Mikania cordifolia Florida Keys Hempvine Asteraceae Mikania scandens Climbing Hempvine Asteraceae Mimosa quadrivalvis var. angustata Sensitive Brier Fabaceae Mimosa quadrivalvis var. floridana Florida Sensitive Brier Fabaceae A-16 C 0 10 4 7 10 4 10 4 8 9 1 7 7 0 4 4 2 3 4 10 7 4 3 10 10 2 4 4 7 4 4 5 9 8 7 8 4 0 4 0 5 4 10 7 4 5 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Mimosa strigillosa Powderpuff Fabaceae Mitchella repens Partridgeberry; Twinberry Rubiaceae Mitreola petiolata Lax Hornpod Loganiaceae Mitreola sessilifolia Swamp Hornpod Loganiaceae Monanthochloe littoralis Shoregrass; Keygrass Poaceae Monarda punctata Spotted Beebalm Lamiaceae Monotropa uniflora Indianpipe Ericaceae Morinda royoc Redgal Rubiaceae Morus rubra Red Mulberry Moraceae Mosiera longipes Mangroveberry Myrtaceae Mucuna sloanei Horseeye Bean Malvaceae Muhlenbergia capillaris Hairawn Muhly Poaceae Muhlenbergia capillaris var. filipes Gulf Hairawn Muhle Poaceae Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill Muhly Poaceae Myrcianthes fragrans Twinberry; Simpson's Stopper Myrtaceae Myrica cerifera Southern Bayberry; Wax Myrtle Myricaceae Myriophyllum heterophyllum Twoleaf Watermilfoil Haloragaceae Najas guadalupensis Southern Waternymph Hydrocharitaceae Nelumbo lutea American Lotus Nelumbonaceae Nemastylis floridana Celestial Lily; Fallflowering Ixia Iridaceae Nephrolepis biserrata Giant Sword Fern Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis exaltata Sword Fern; Wild Boston Fern Nephrolepidaceae Neptunia pubescens Tropical Puff Fabaceae Nevrodium lanceolatum Ribbon Fern Polypodiaceae Nolina atopocarpa Florida Beargrass Ruscaceae Nothoscordum bivalve Crowpoison; False Garlic Alliaceae Nuphar advena Spatterdock; Yellow Pondlily Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea elegans Tropical Royalblue Waterlily Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea jamesoniana Jameson's Waterlily; Nightblooming Waterlily Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea mexicana Yellow Waterlily Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata American White Waterlily Nymphaeaceae Nymphoides aquatica Big Floatingheart Menyanthaceae Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora Swamp Tupelo Cornaceae Ocimum campechianum Wild Sweet Basil Lamiaceae Oclemena reticulata Whitetop Aster; Pinebarren Aster Asteraceae Ocotea coriacea Lancewood Lauraceae Odontosoria clavata Wedgelet Fern Dennstaedtiaceae Oenothera biennis Common Eveningprimrose Onagraceae Oenothera humifusa Seabeach Eveningprimrose Onagraceae Oenothera laciniata Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Onagraceae Okenia hypogaea Burrowing Four-O'clock; Beach Peanut Nyctaginaceae Oldenlandia uniflora Clustered Mille Graines Rubiaceae Oncidium ensatum Florida Dancinglady Orchid Orchidaceae Ophioglossum palmatum Hand Fern Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum petiolatum Stalked Adder's Tongue Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Bulbous Adder's Tongue Ophioglossaceae A-17 C 4 8 6 5 10 8 7 1 7 4 7 8 9 8 7 1 2 4 6 6 7 5 4 1 4 8 3 7 6 5 4 4 2 2 4 7 8 4 7 2 4 3 7 8 8 2 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Oplismenus hirtellus Woodsgrass; Basketgrass Poaceae Opuntia corallicola Semaphore Pricklypear; Semaphore Cactus Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa Pricklypear Cactaceae Opuntia stricta Erect Pricklypear; Shell-Mound Pricklypear Cactaceae Orontium aquaticum Goldenclub; Neverwet Araceae Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal Fern Osmundaceae Oxalis corniculata Common Yellow Woodsorrel Fabaceae Oxypolis filiformis Water Cowbane Apiaceae Packera glabella Butterweed Asteraceae Palafoxia feayi Feay's Palafox Asteraceae Palafoxia integrifolia Coastalplain Palafox Asteraceae Panicum abscissum Cutthroatgrass Poaceae Panicum amarum Bitter Panicgrass Poaceae Panicum anceps Beaked Panicum Poaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum Fall Panicgrass Oxalidaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum var. bartowense Fall Panicgrass Poaceae Panicum hemitomon Maidencane Poaceae Panicum hians Gaping Panicum Poaceae Panicum rigidulum Redtop Panicum Poaceae Panicum tenerum Bluejoint Panicum Poaceae Panicum verrucosum Warty Panicgrass Poaceae Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Poaceae Parietaria floridana Florida Pellitory Poaceae Parietaria praetermissa Clustered Pellitory Urticaceae Paronychia americana American Nailwort Caryophyllaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper; Woodbine Vitaceae Paspalidium chapmanii Coral Panicum; Coral Panicgrass Poaceae Paspalidium geminatum Egyptian Paspalidium; Kissimmeegrass Poaceae Paspalum blodgettii Coral Paspalum; Blodgett's Crowngrass Poaceae Paspalum boscianum Bull Crowngrass Poaceae Paspalum caespitosum Blue Crowngrass Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum Sour Paspalum; Hilograss Poaceae Paspalum distichum Knotgrass Poaceae Paspalum floridanum Florida Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum laeve Field Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum monostachyum Gulfdune Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum praecox Early Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum repens Water Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum setaceum Thin Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum vaginatum Seashore Paspalum Poaceae Passiflora incarnata Purple Passionflower Passifloraceae Passiflora multiflora Whiteflower Passionflower Passifloraceae Passiflora pallens Pineland Passionflower; Pineland Passionvine Passifloraceae Passiflora sexflora Goatsfoot Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa Corkystem Passionflower Passifloraceae A-18 C 7 10 10 9 1 1 1 1 10 4 7 7 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 6 4 9 2 3 7 8 10 2 2 5 3 4 4 1 3 2 6 7 2 3 1 7 10 7 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Pavonia paludicola Swampbush Malvaceae Pecluma dispersa Widespread Polypody Polypodiaceae Pecluma plumula Plume Polypody Polypodiaceae Pecluma ptilodon var. caespitosa Comb Polypody; Swamp Plume Polypody Polypodiaceae Pectis glaucescens Sanddune Cinchweed Urticaceae Pectis linearifolia Florida Cinchweed Asteraceae Pectis prostrata Spreading Cinchweed Asteraceae Pectis x floridana Asteraceae Pelexia adnata Hachuela; Pelexia Orchidaceae Peltandra virginica Green Arrow Arum Araceae Penstemon multiflorus Manyflower Beardtongue Veronicaceae Pentalinon luteum Wild Allamanda; Hammock Viperstail Apocynaceae Pentodon pentandrus Hales's Pentodon Rubiaceae Peperomia alata Winged Peperomia Piperaceae Peperomia glabella Cypress Peperomia Piperaceae Peperomia humilis Low Peperomia Piperaceae Peperomia magnoliifolia Spoonleaf Peperomia; Spathulate Peperomia Piperaceae Peperomia obtusifolia Florida Peperomia; Baby Rubberplant Piperaceae Peperomia rotundifolia Yerba Linda Piperaceae Persea borbonia Red Bay Lauraceae Persea borbonia var. humilis Silk Bay Lauraceae Persea palustris Swamp Bay Lauraceae Petiveria alliacea Guinea Hen Weed Petiveriaceae Phanopyrum gymnocarpon Savannah Panicum Poaceae Phaseolus polystachios Thicket Bean Fabaceae Phlebodium aureum Golden Polypody Polypodiaceae Phoebanthus grandiflorus Florida False Sunflower Asteraceae Phoradendron leucarpum Oak Mistletoe Viscaceae Phoradendron rubrum Mahogany Mistletoe Viscaceae Phragmites australis Common Reed Poaceae Phyla nodiflora Turkey Tangle Fogfruit; Capeweed Verbenaceae Phyla stoechadifolia Southern Fogfruit; Southern Matchsticks Verbenaceae Phyllanthus abnormis Drummond's Leafflower Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. saxicola Rock Carolina Leafflower Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus pentaphyllus var. floridanus Fivepetal Leafflower Euphorbiaceae Physalis angulata Cutleaf Groundcherry Asteraceae Physalis angustifolia Coastal Groundcherry Solanaceae Physalis pubescens Husk Tomato Solanaceae Physalis walteri Walter's Groundcherry Solanaceae Physostegia purpurea Eastern False Dragonhead Lamiaceae Phytolacca americana American Pokeweed Phytolaccaceae Picramnia pentandra Florida Bitterbush Picramniaceae Pilea microphylla Artillery Plant; Rockweed Solanaceae Piloblephis rigida Wild Pennyroyal Lamiaceae Pinguicula caerulea Blueflower Butterwort Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula lutea Yellow Butterwort Lentibulariaceae A-19 C 8 8 4 6 8 4 7 5 2 6 7 5 1 0 10 4 10 1 6 4 4 2 7 1 1 5 7 7 8 7 8 3 8 6 5 5 6 6 7 8 6 5 6 7 4 5 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Pinguicula pumila Small Butterwort Lentibulariaceae Pinus clausa Sand Pine Pinaceae Pinus elliottii Slash Pine Pinaceae Pinus palustris Longleaf Pine Pinaceae Piptochaetium avenacioides Florida Needlegrass Poaceae Piriqueta cistoides subsp. caroliniana Pitted Stripeseed Turneraceae Piscidia piscipula Florida Fishpoison Tree; Jamaican Dogwood Fabaceae Pisonia aculeata Devil's Claws; Pullback Nyctaginaceae Pistia stratiotes Water-Lettuce Araceae Pithecellobium keyense Florida Keys Blackbead Fabaceae Pithecellobium unguis-cati Catclaw Blackbead Fabaceae Pityopsis graminifolia Narrowleaf Silkgrass Asteraceae Pityrogramma trifoliata Goldenrod Fern Urticaceae Plantago virginica Virginia Plantain; Southern Plantain Plantaginaceae Pleopeltis astrolepis Star-Scale Polypody; Star-Scaled Fern Polypodiaceae Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana Resurrection Fern Polypodiaceae Pleurothallis gelida Flor De Llanten; Frosted Orchid Orchidaceae Pluchea carolinensis Cure-For-All Pteridaceae Pluchea foetida Stinking Camphorweed Asteraceae Pluchea odorata Sweetscent Asteraceae Pluchea rosea Rosy Camphorweed Asteraceae Plumbago scandens Doctorbush Plumbaginaceae Pogonia ophioglossoides Rose Pogonia; Snakemouth Orchid Orchidaceae Poinsettia cyathophora Paintedleaf; Fire-On-The-Mountain Asteraceae Poinsettia heterophylla Fiddler's Spurge; Mexican Fireplant Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia pinetorum Pineland Spurge; Everglades Poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Polanisia tenuifolia Slenderleaf Clammyweed Brassicaceae Polygala balduinii Baldwin's Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala boykinii Boykin's Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala cruciata Drumheads Polygalaceae Polygala cymosa Tall Pinebarren Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala grandiflora Polygalaceae Polygala incarnata Procession Flower Polygalaceae Polygala lutea Orange Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala nana Candyroot Polygalaceae Polygala polygama Racemed Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala ramosa Low Pinebarren Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala rugelii Yellow Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala setacea Coastalplain Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygala smallii Small's Milkwort; Tiny Polygala Polygalaceae Polygala verticillata var. isocycla Whorled Milkwort Polygalaceae Polygonella ciliata Hairy Jointweed Polygonaceae Polygonella gracilis Tall Jointweed Polygonaceae Polygonella polygama October Flower Polygonaceae Polygonella polygama var. brachystachya October Flower Polygonaceae Polygonella robusta Largeflower Jointweed; Sandhill Wireweed Polygonaceae A-20 C 4 3 3 7 10 1 9 3 10 8 1 4 4 10 2 4 7 10 8 10 9 2 10 3 9 4 7 4 4 4 6 8 2 9 8 9 9 9 4 8 7 4 4 5 4 5 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Polygonum densiflorum Denseflower Knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiperoides Mild Waterpepper; Swamp Smartweed Polygonaceae Polygonum punctatum Dotted Smartweed Polygonaceae Polygonum setaceum Bog Smartweed Polygonaceae Polypodium triseriale Angle-Vein Fern Polypodiaceae Polypremum procumbens Rustweed; Juniperleaf Euphorbiaceae Polystachya concreta Greater Yellowspike Orchid Orchidaceae Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed Pontederiaceae Ponthieva brittoniae Britton's Shadow Witch Orchidaceae Ponthieva racemosa Hairy Shadow Witch Orchidaceae Portulaca pilosa Pink Purslane; Kiss-Me-Quick Tetrachondraceae Portulaca rubricaulis Redstem Purslane Portulacaceae Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois Pondweed Potamogetonaceae Prescotia oligantha Small Prescott Orchid Orchidaceae Priva lappulacea Catstongue; Velvetburr Verbenaceae Proserpinaca palustris Marsh Mermaidweed Haloragaceae Proserpinaca pectinata Combleaf Mermaidweed Haloragaceae Prosthechea boothiana var. erythronioides Dollar Orchid Orchidaceae Prosthechea cochleata Clamshell Orchid; Florida Cockleshell Orchid Orchidaceae Prosthechea pygmaea Dwarf Butterfly Orchid; Dwarf Epidendrum Orchidaceae Prunus myrtifolia West Indian Cherry Rosaceae Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Sweet Everlasting; Rabbit Tobacco Asteraceae Pseudophoenix sargentii Sargent's Cherry Palm Arecaceae Psilotum nudum Whisk-Fern Psilotaceae Psychotria ligustrifolia Bahama Wild Coffee Rubiaceae Psychotria nervosa Wild Coffee Rubiaceae Psychotria sulzneri Shortleaf Wild Coffee Rubiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum Lacy Bracken Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Tailed Bracken Dennstaedtiaceae Pteris bahamensis Bahama Ladder Brake Pteridaceae Pterocaulon pycnostachyum Blackroot Asteraceae Pteroglossaspis ecristata Giant Orchid; Non-Crested Eulophia Orchidaceae Ptilimnium capillaceum Mock Bishopsweed; Herbwilliam Apiaceae Quercus chapmanii Chapman's Oak Fagaceae Quercus elliottii Running Oak Fagaceae Quercus geminata Sand Live Oak Fagaceae Quercus inopina Scrub Oak Fagaceae Quercus laevis Turkey Oak Fagaceae Quercus laurifolia Laurel Oak; Diamond Oak Fagaceae Quercus minima Dwarf Live Oak Fagaceae Quercus myrtifolia Myrtle Oak Fagaceae Quercus nigra Water Oak Fagaceae Quercus virginiana Live Oak Fagaceae Quercus x rolfsii Fagaceae Randia aculeata White Indigoberry Rubiaceae Rapanea punctata Myrsine; Colicwood Myrsinaceae A-21 C 7 5 9 5 8 6 5 7 5 10 4 5 8 8 1 8 8 8 9 9 8 7 8 9 4 8 5 5 6 7 7 4 6 8 10 9 6 8 8 3 6 9 4 4 7 5 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Rayjacksonia phyllocephala Camphor Daisy Asteraceae Reimarochloa oligostachya Florida Reimargrass Poaceae Reynosia septentrionalis Darlingplum Rhamnaceae Rhabdadenia biflora Rubbervine; Mangrovevine Apocynaceae Rhexia cubensis West Indian Meadowbeauty Melastomataceae Rhexia mariana Pale Meadowbeauty Melastomataceae Rhexia nashii Maid Marian Melastomataceae Rhexia nuttallii Nuttall's Meadowbeauty Melastomataceae Rhexia petiolata Fringed Meadowbeauty Melastomataceae Rhipsalis baccifera Mistletoe Cactus Cactaceae Rhizophora mangle Red Mangrove Rhizophoraceae Rhus copallinum Winged Sumac Anacardiaceae Rhynchosia cinerea Brownhair Snoutbean Fabaceae Rhynchosia michauxii Michaux's Snoutbean Fabaceae Rhynchosia minima Least Snoutbean Portulacaceae Rhynchosia parvifolia Small-Leaf Snoutbean Fabaceae Rhynchosia reniformis Dollarleaf Fabaceae Rhynchosia swartzii Swartz's Snoutbean Fabaceae Rhynchospora baldwinii Baldwin's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora breviseta Shortbristle Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora caduca Anglestem Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora cephalantha Bunched Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora chapmanii Chapman's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora ciliaris Fringed Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora colorata Starrush Whitetop Cyperaceae Rhynchospora corniculata Shortbristle Horned Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora divergens Spreading Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora eximia Florida Beaksedge; Baldrush Cyperaceae Rhynchospora fascicularis Fascicled Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora fernaldii Fernald's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora filifolia Threadleaf Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora floridensis Florida Whitetop Cyperaceae Rhynchospora globularis Globe Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora grayi Gray's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora harperi Harper's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora intermedia Pinebarren Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora inundata Narrowfruit Horned Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora latifolia Giant Whitetop; Sandswamp Whitetop Cyperaceae Rhynchospora megalocarpa Sandyfield Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora microcarpa Southern Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora microcephala Bunched Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora miliacea Millet Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora nitens Shortbeak Beaksedge; Baldrush Cyperaceae Rhynchospora odorata Fragrant Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora plumosa Plumed Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora pusilla Fairy Beaksedge Cyperaceae A-22 C 7 8 8 5 6 1 2 no score neutral 5 3 4 7 7 8 4 4 10 8 9 2 8 7 8 7 4 6 4 8 4 9 9 10 6 8 4 4 4 5 4 7 1 2 2 1 1 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Rhynchospora rariflora Fewflower Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora tracyi Tracy's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rhynchospora wrightiana Wright's Beaksedge Cyperaceae Rivina humilis Rougeplant Petiveriaceae Rorippa palustris subsp. fernaldiana Bog Yellowcress Brassicaceae Rorippa teres Southern Marsh Yellowcress Fabaceae Rotala ramosior Lowland Rotala; Toothcup Lythraceae Roystonea regia Florida Royal Palm Arecaceae Rubus cuneifolius Rubus trivialis Rudbeckia hirta Ruellia caroliniensis Ruellia ciliosa Ruellia succulenta Rumex verticillatus Ruppia maritima Ruppia maritima Sabal etonia Sabal minor Sabal palmetto Sabatia bartramii Sabatia brevifolia Sabatia calycina Sabatia grandiflora Sabatia stellaris Saccharum giganteum Sacciolepis striata Sachsia polycephala Sacoila lanceolata Sacoila lanceolata var. paludicola Sageretia minutiflora Sagittaria filiformis Sagittaria graminea Sagittaria graminea var. chapmanii Sagittaria isoetiformis Sagittaria lancifolia Sagittaria latifolia Salicornia bigelovii Salix caroliniana Salvia azurea Salvia coccinea Salvia lyrata Salvia misella Salvia occidentalis Salvia serotina Sand Blackberry Southern Dewberry Blackeyed Susan Carolina Wild Petunia Ciliate Wild Petunia Thickleaf Wild Petunia Swamp Dock Wigeon grass Wigeongrass Scrub Palmetto Dwarf Palmetto; Bluestem Palm Cabbage Palm Bartram's Rosegentian Shortleaf Rosegentian Coastal Rosegentian Largeflower Rosegentian Rose-Of-Plymouth Sugarcane Plumegrass American Cupscale Bahama Sachsia Leafless Beaked Ladiestresses Leafy Beaked Ladiestresses Smallflower Mock Buckthorn Threadleaf Arrowhead Grassy Arrowhead Chapman's Arrowhead Quillwort Arrowhead Bulltongue Arrowhead Broadleaf Arrowhead; Duck Potato Annual Glasswort; Dwarf Glasswort Carolina Willow; Coastalplain Willow Azure Blue Sage Tropical Sage; Blood Sage Lyreleaf Sage Southern River Sage; River Sage West Indian Sage Littlewoman Rosaceae Rosaceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Ruppiaceae Ruppiaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Amaranthaceae Salicaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae A-23 C 3 6 4 7 5 2 5 8 9 4 9 2 6 7 10 7 8 7 8 6 5 1 2 4 8 4 8 6 8 7 7 5 5 7 2 7 5 6 9 10 4 7 5 6 2 0 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis American Elder; Elderberry Adoxaceae Samolus ebracteatus Water Pimpernel; Limewater Brookweed Primulaceae Samolus valerandi subsp. parviflorus Pineland Pimpernel; Seaside Brookweed Primulaceae Sapindus saponaria Soapberry Sapindaceae Sarcocornia perennis Perennial Glasswort; Virginia Glasswort Amaranthaceae Sarcostemma clausum White Twinevine Apocynaceae Saururus cernuus Lizard's Tail Saururaceae Scaevola plumieri Beachberry; Inkberry; Gullfeed Goodeniaceae Schaefferia frutescens Florida Boxwood Celastraceae Schizachyrium gracile Wire Bluestem Poaceae Schizachyrium rhizoratum Poaceae Schizachyrium sanguineum Crimson Bluestem Poaceae Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Poaceae Schizachyrium stolonferum Poaceae Schizaea pennula Ray Fern Schizaeaceae Schoenocaulon dubium Florida Feathershank Melanthiaceae Schoenolirion albiflorum White Sunnybell Hyacinthaceae Schoenus nigricans Black Bogrush Cyperaceae Schoepfia chrysophylloides Graytwig Olacaceae Scirpus americanus American Bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus californicus Giant Bulrush; California Bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus pungens Threesquare Bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus robustus Saltmarsh Bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus tabernaemontani Softstem Bulrush Cyperaceae Scleria baldwinii Baldwin's Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria ciliata Fringed Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria ciliata var. curtissii Cyperaceae Scleria ciliata var. pauciflora Cyperaceae Scleria distans Riverswamp Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria georgiana Slenderfruit Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma Florida Keys Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria reticularis Netted Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria triglomerata Tall Nutgrass; Whip Nutrush Cyperaceae Scleria verticillata Low Nutrush Cyperaceae Scoparia dulcis Sweetbroom; Licoriceweed Veronicaceae Scutellaria arenicola Florida Scrub Skullcap Lamiaceae Scutellaria havanensis Havana Skullcap Lamiaceae Scutellaria integrifolia Helmet Skullcap Lamiaceae Selaginella arenicola Sand Spike-Moss Selaginellaceae Selaginella armata var. eatonii Eaton's Spike Moss; Pygmy Spike Moss Selaginellaceae Senna ligustrina Privet Wild Sensitive Plant Fabaceae Senna mexicana var. chapmanii Chapman's Wild Sensitive Plant Fabaceae Serenoa repens Saw Palmetto Arecaceae Sericocarpus tortifolius Whitetop Aster; Dixie Aster Asteraceae Sesbania herbacea Danglepod Fabaceae Sesbania vesicaria Bladderpod; Bagpod Brassicaceae A-24 C 3 4 6 6 5 3 7 1 0 0 4 1 8 9 7 9 5 8 8 4 5 8 4 4 8 7 8 1 7 3 7 3 5 6 6 4 4 7 9 8 6 7 8 8 2 2 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Sesuvium maritimum Slender Seapurslane Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum Shoreline Seapurslane Aizoaceae Setaria corrugata Coastal Bristlegrass; Coastal Foxtail Poaceae Setaria macrosperma Coral Bristlegrass; Coral Foxtail Poaceae Setaria magna Giant Bristlegrass Poaceae Setaria parviflora Yellow Bristlegrass; Knotroot Foxtail Poaceae Seymeria pectinata Piedmont Blacksenna Orobanchaceae Sida acuta Common Wireweed; Common Fanpetals Malvaceae Sida antillensis Antilles Fanpetals Fabaceae Sida ciliaris Bracted Fanpetals; Fringed Fanpetals Malvaceae Sida elliottii Elliott's Fanpetals Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia Cuban Jute; Indian Hemp Malvaceae Sideroxylon celastrinum Saffron Plum Sapotaceae Sideroxylon foetidissimum False Mastic Sapotaceae Sideroxylon reclinatum Florida Bully Sapotaceae Sideroxylon reclinatum subsp. austrofloridense Florida Bully Sapotaceae Sideroxylon salicifolium Willow Bustic; White Bully Sapotaceae Sideroxylon tenax Tough Bully Sapotaceae Simarouba glauca Paradisetree Simaroubaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium Narrowleaf Blue-Eyed Grass Iridaceae Sisyrinchium nashii Nash's Blue-Eyed Grass Iridaceae Sisyrinchium xerophyllum Jeweled Blue-Eyed Grass Iridaceae Smilax auriculata Earleaf Greenbrier Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox Saw Greenbrier Smilacaceae Smilax havanensis Everglades Greenbrier Smilacaceae Smilax laurifolia Laurel Greenbrier; Bamboo Vine Smilacaceae Smilax tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier; Hogbrier Smilacaceae Solanum americanum American Black Nightshade Solanaceae Solanum bahamense Bahama Nightshade; Cankerberry Solanaceae Solanum chenopodioides Black Nightshade Solanaceae Solanum donianum Mullein Nightshade Solanaceae Solanum erianthum Potatotree Solanaceae Solidago fistulosa Pinebarren Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago leavenworthii Leavenworth's Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago odora var. chapmanii Chapman's Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago sempervirens Seaside Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago stricta Wand Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago tortifolia Twistedleaf Goldenrod Asteraceae Sophora tomentosa var. truncata Yellow Necklacepod Fabaceae Sorghastrum secundum Lopsided Indiangrass Poaceae Spartina alterniflora Saltmarsh Cordgrass; Smooth Cordgrass Poaceae Spartina bakeri Sand Cordgrass Poaceae Spartina patens Marshhay Cordgras; Saltmeadow Cordgrass Poaceae Spartina spartinae Gulf Cordgrass Poaceae Spermacoce assurgens Woodland False Buttonweed Rubiaceae Spermacoce keyensis Florida False Buttonweed Rubiaceae A-25 C 4 8 2 1 1 1 10 4 10 10 10 5 5 7 8 8 8 9 6 2 2 4 8 2 6 1 1 9 4 7 0 8 8 7 7 2 10 5 9 0 0 10 4 5 4 7 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Spermacoce prostrata Prostrate False Buttonweed Rubiaceae Spermacoce terminalis Everglades Key False Buttonweed Rubiaceae Spermacoce tetraquetra Pineland False Buttonweed Rubiaceae Spermolepis divaricata Roughfruit Scaleseed Apiaceae Spermolepis echinata Bristly Scaleseed Apiaceae Spigelia anthelmia West Indian Pinkroot Strychnaceae Spiranthes amesiana Ames' Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes brevilabris Texas Ladiestresses; Small Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes costaricensis Costa Rican Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes cranichoides Cranichis Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes elata Tall Neottia; Tall Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes floridana Florida Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes laciniata Lacelip Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes longilabris Longlip Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes odorata Fragrant Ladiestresses; Marsh Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes praecox Greenvein Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes torta Southern Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spiranthes tuberosa Little Ladiestresses; Little Pearl-Twist Orchidaceae Spiranthes vernalis Spring Ladiestresses Orchidaceae Spirodela polyrhiza Common Duckweed Araceae Sporobolus compositus var. clandestinus Hidden Dropseed; Rough Dropseed Poaceae Sporobolus domingensis Coral Dropseed Poaceae Sporobolus junceus Pineywoods Dropseed Poaceae Sporobolus pyramidatus Whorled Dropseed Poaceae Sporobolus virginicus Seashore Dropseed Poaceae Stachys floridana Florida Hedgenettle; Florida Betony Lamiaceae Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Blue Porterweed; Joee Verbenaceae Stenandrium dulce Sweet Shaggytuft Acanthaceae Stenaria nigricans Diamondflowers Rubiaceae Stenaria nigricans var. floridana Florida Diamondflowers Rubiaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustinegrass Malvaceae Stillingia aquatica Water Toothleaf; Corkwood Euphorbiaceae Stillingia sylvatica Queensdelight Euphorbiaceae Stipulicida setacea Pineland Scalypink Caryophyllaceae Stipulicida setacea var. lacerata Pineland Scalypink Caryophyllaceae Stuckenia pectinata Sago Pondweed Potamogetonaceae Stylisma abdita Showy Dawnflower; Hidden Stylisma Convolvulaceae Stylisma villosa Hairy Dawnflower Convolvulaceae Stylosanthes calcicola Everglades Key Pencilflower Fabaceae Stylosanthes biflora Sidebeak Pencilflower Poaceae Stylosanthes hamata Cheesytoes, Pencilflower Fabaceae Styrax americanus American Snowbell Styracaceae Suaeda linearis Sea Blite; Annual Seepweed Amaranthaceae Suriana maritima Bay Cedar Surianaceae Swietenia mahagoni West Indian Mahogany Meliaceae Symphyotrichum adnatum Scaleleaf Aster Asteraceae A-26 C 4 4 6 7 7 4 4 7 9 9 8 8 10 10 10 10 4 2 7 8 5 7 8 10 4 8 9 4 6 10 5 7 2 6 8 10 10 4 10 4 7 7 4 2 10 4 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Symphyotrichum bahamensis Bahaman Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum bracei Brace's Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum carolinianum Climbing Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum concolor Eastern Silver Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum dumosum Rice Button Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum elliottii Elliott's Aster Asteraceae Symphyotrichum simmondsii Simmonds' Aster Asteraceae Syngonanthus flavidulus Yellow Hatpins Eriocaulaceae Syringodium filiforme Manateegrass Cymodoceaceae Syringodium filiforme Manateegrass Cymodoceaceae Taxodium ascendens Pond-Cypress Cupressaceae Taxodium distichum Bald-Cypress Cupressaceae Tectaria coriandrifolia Hairy Halberd Fern Dryopteridaceae Tectaria fimbriata Least Halberd Fern Dryopteridaceae Tectaria heracleifolia Broad Halberd Fern Dryopteridaceae Tectaria x amesiana Ames' Halberd Fern Dryopteridaceae Tephrosia angustissima var. corallicola Coral Hoarypea Fabaceae Tephrosia angustissima var. curtissii Curtiss' Hoarypea FABACEAE Tephrosia chrysophylla Scurf Hoarypea Fabaceae Tephrosia florida Florida Hoarypea Fabaceae Tephrosia hispidula Sprawling Hoarypea Fabaceae Tephrosia rugelii Rugel's Hoarypea Fabaceae Tephrosia spicata Spiked Hoarypea Fabaceae Tetrazygia bicolor Florida Clover Ash; Tetrazygia Melastomataceae Teucrium canadense Woodsage; Canadian Germander Lamiaceae Thalassia testudinum Turtlegrass Hydrocharitaceae Thalassia testudinum Turtlegrass Hydrocharitaceae Thalia geniculata Alligatorflag; Fireflag Marantaceae Thelypteris augescens Abrupt-Tip Maiden Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris grandis Stately Maiden Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor Hairy Maiden Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris interrupta Hottentot Fern; Willdenow's Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris kunthii Southern Shield Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris ovata Ovate Marsh Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens Marsh Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris patens Grid-Scale Maiden Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris reptans Creeping Star-Hair Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris reticulata Lattice-Vein Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris sclerophylla Stiff Star-Hair Fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris serrata Toothed Lattice-Vein Fern Thelypteridaceae Thrinax morrisii Brittle Thatch Palm; Key Thatch Palm Arecaceae Thrinax radiata Florida Thatch Palm Arecaceae Tillandsia balbisiana Reflexed Wild Pine Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fasciculata Cardinal Airplant Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fasciculata var. clavispica Clubspike cardinal airplant Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fasciculata var. densispica Stiff-Leaved Wild Pine Bromeliaceae A-27 C 8 8 10 2 7 2 3 9 9 10 9 5 3 8 7 5 3 8 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 4 9 0 7 8 0 7 8 4 9 10 2 2 9 10 2 0 10 6 4 8 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Tillandsia flexuosa Twisted Airplant; Banded Airplant Bromeliaceae Tillandsia paucifolia Potbelly Airplant Bromeliaceae Tillandsia pruinosa Fuzzywuzzy Airplant; Hoary Airplant Bromeliaceae Tillandsia recurvata Ballmoss Bromeliaceae Tillandsia setacea Southern Needleleaf Bromeliaceae Tillandsia usneoides Spanish Moss Bromeliaceae Tillandsia utriculata Giant Airplant; Giant Wild Pine Bromeliaceae Tillandsia variabilis Leatherleaf Airplant; Soft-Leaved Wild Pine Bromeliaceae Tillandsia x smalliana Reddish Wild-Pine Bromeliaceae Tolumnia bahamensis Variegated Orchid; Angelita Orchidaceae Tournefortia hirsutissima Chiggery Grapes Boraginaceae Tournefortia volubilis Twining Soldierbush Boraginaceae Toxicodendron radicans Eastern Poison Ivy Anacardiaceae Tragia saxicola Florida Keys Noseburn; Rocklands Noseburn Euphorbiaceae Tragia urens Wavyleaf Noseburn Euphorbiaceae Trema lamarckianum Pain-In-The-Back; West Indian Trema Celtidaceae Trema micranthum Nettletree Celtidaceae Triadenum virginicum Virginia Marsh St.John's-Wort Clusiaceae Trianthema portulacastrum Desert Horsepurslane Aizoaceae Trichocentrum carthagenense Coot Bay Dancinglady Orchid Orchidaceae Trichocentrum undulatum Cape Sable Dancinglady Orchid Orchidaceae Trichomanes holopterum Entire-Winged Bristle Fern Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes krausii Kraus' Bristle Fern; Treemoss Bristle Fern Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes lineolatum Lined Bristle Fern Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes punctatum subsp. floridanum Florida Bristle Fern Hymenophyllaceae Trichostema dichotomum Forked Bluecurls Lamiaceae Trichostigma octandrum Hoopvine Petiveriaceae Tridens flavus Tall Redtop; Purpletop Tridens Fabaceae Triglochin striata Arrowgrass Juncaginaceae Triphora craigheadii Craighead's Noddingcaps; Craighead's Orchid Orchidaceae Triphora gentianoides Gentian Noddingcaps Poaceae Triplasis americana Perennial Sandgrass Poaceae Triplasis purpurea Purple Sandgrass Poaceae Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern Gamagrass; Fakahatcheegrass Poaceae Tripsacum floridanum Florida Mock Gamagrass; Florida Tripsacum Poaceae Tropidia polystachya Young Palm Orchid Orchidaceae Typha domingensis Southern Cattail Typhaceae Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Typhaceae Ulmus americana American Elm Ulmaceae Uniola paniculata Seaoats Poaceae Urochloa adspersa Dominican Signalgrass Poaceae Urtica chamaedryoides Heartleaf Nettle Orchidaceae Utricularia amethystina Florida Purple Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia cornuta Horned Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia foliosa Leafy Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba Humped Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae A-28 C 7 7 6 8 6 8 7 9 10 8 7 9 9 4 10 10 10 10 4 4 8 0 8 2 2 6 2 5 4 3 4 7 10 2 5 5 9 7 7 8 7 9 6 9 7 6 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Utricularia inflata Floating Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia juncea Southern Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia purpurea Eastern Purple Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia radiata Little Floating Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia resupinata Small Purple Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia simulans Fringed Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia subulata Zigzag Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Vaccinium arboreum Sparkleberry; Farkleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium darrowii Darrow's Blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium myrsinites Shiny Blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry Ericaceae Vallesia antillana Tearshrub Apocynaceae Vallisneria americana Tapegrass; American Eelgrass Hydrocharitaceae Vanilla barbellata Wormvine Orchid Orchidaceae Vanilla dilloniana Leafless Vanilla; Mrs. Lott's Vanilla Orchidaceae Vanilla mexicana Mexican Vanilla; Unscented Vanilla Orchidaceae Vanilla phaeantha Leafy Vanilla Orchidaceae Verbena scabra Sandpaper Vervain; Harsh Vervain Verbenaceae Verbesina virginica White Crownbeard; Frostweed Asteraceae Vernonia blodgettii Florida Ironweed; Blodgett's Ironweed Asteraceae Veronica peregrina Neckweed Urticaceae Viburnum obovatum Walter's Viburnum; Small-Leaf Viburnum Adoxaceae Vicia acutifolia Fourleaf Vetch Fabaceae Vigna luteola Hairypod Cowpea Fabaceae Viola lanceolata Bog White Violet Violaceae Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Violaceae Vitis aestivalis Summer Grape Vitaceae Vitis cinerea var. floridana Florida Grape Vitaceae Vitis rotundifolia Muscadine Vitaceae Vitis shuttleworthii Calloose Grape Vitaceae Vittaria lineata Shoestring Fern Vittariaceae Voyria parasitica Parasitic Ghostplant Gentianaceae Waltheria indica Sleepy Morning Malvaceae Wolffiella gladiata Florida Mudmidget Araceae Wolffiella oblonga Saber Mudmidget Araceae Woodwardia areolata Netted Chain Fern Blechnaceae Woodwardia virginica Virginia Chain Fern Blechnaceae Ximenia americana Tallow Wood; Hog Plum Olacaceae Xyris ambigua Coastalplain Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris brevifolia Shortleaf Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris caroliniana Carolina Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris elliottii Elliott's Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris fimbriata Fringed Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris flabelliformis Savannah Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris floridana Florida Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae A-29 C 8 5 4 7 9 7 10 7 8 7 9 COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM VALUES FOR VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Family Xyris platylepis Tall Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Xyris smalliana Small's Yelloweyed Grass Xyridaceae Yucca aloifolia Spanish Bayonet; Aloe Yucca Agavaceae Yucca filamentosa Adam's Needle Agavaceae Zamia pumila Florida Arrowroot; Coontie Zamiaceae Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Hercules'-Club Rutaceae Zanthoxylum coriaceum Biscayne Pricklyash; Leathery Pricklyash Rutaceae Zanthoxylum fagara Wild Lime; Lime Pricklyash Rutaceae Zephyranthes simpsonii Redmargin Zephyrlily; Simpson's Zephyrlily Amaryllidaceae Zizaniopsis miliacea Southern Wild Rice; Giant Cutgrass Poaceae Zornia bracteata Viperina Fabaceae A-30 Appendix B UNASSIGNED PLANT COEFFICIENT OF CONSERVATISM UNASSIGNED COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM VALUES Scientific Name Common Name Acacia choriophylla Cinnecord; Tamarindillo Amaranthus floridanus Florida Amaranth Amorpha herbacea Clusterspike False Indigobush Andropogon arctatus Pinewoods Bluestem Aristida purpurascens var. virgata Arrowfeather Threeawn Asclepias connivens Largeflower Milkweed Asclepias verticillata Whorled Milkweed Asimina incana Woolly Pawpaw; Polecat Bush Botrychium biternatum Southern Grape-Fern Calamintha ashei Ashe's Calamint; Ashe's Calamintha Callisia cordifolia Florida Roseling Capsicum frutescens Tabasco Pepper Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania Bittercress Carex godfreyi Godfrey's Sedge Cenchrus brownii Slimbristle Sandbur Cenchrus myosuroides Big Sandbur Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hairyfruit Chervil Chamaesyce cordifolia Heartleaf Sandmat Chamaesyce thymifolia Gulf Sandmat Chasmanthium laxum Slender Woodoats Chrysopsis delaneyi Delaney's Goldenaster Chrysopsis highlandsensis Highlands Goldenaster Cuscuta americana American Dodder Cuscuta exaltata Tall Dodder Cuscuta gronovii Scaldweed Cuscuta indecora Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa Peruvian Dodder Cyperus lecontei Leconte's Flatsedge Cyperus stenolepis Strawcolored Flatsedge Dennstaedtia bipinnata Bipinnate Cuplet Fern; Cuplet Fern Desmodium ciliare Hairy Small-Leaf Ticktrefoil Dryopteris ludoviciana Southern Wood Fern Echinochloa muricata Rough Barnyardgrass Eleocharis rostellata Beaked Spikerush Eustachys floridana Twospike Fingergrass Gymnopogon brevifolius Shortleaf Skeletongrass Gymnopogon chapmanianus Chapman's Skeletongrass Hydrocotyle bonariensis Largeleaf Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Floating Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata Whorled Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata var. triradiata Whorled Marshpennywort Hymenocallis puntagordensis Smallcup Spiderlily Ilex ambigua Carolina Holly; Sand Holly Ilex vomitoria Yaupon Ipomoea pandurata Man-Of-The-Earth Ipomoea x leucantha Morningglory B-1 Family Fabaceae Amaranthaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Annonaceae Ophioglossaceae Lamiaceae Commelinaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae Cyperaceae Poaceae Poaceae Apiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Fabaceae Dryopteridaceae Poaceae Cyperaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Amaryllidaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae UNASSIGNED COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM VALUES Scientific Name Common Name Jacquemontia tamnifolia Hairy Clustervine Juncus dichotomus Forked Rush Lachnocaulon engleri Engler's Bogbutton Lechea lakelae Lakela's Pinweed Leersia monandra Bunch Cutgrass Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia Mexican Sprangletop Liatris savannensis Savanna Gayfeather Ludwigia lanceolata Lanceleaf Primrosewillow Ludwigia palustris Marsh Seedbox Malvastrum americanum Indian Valley False Mallow Matelea gonocarpos Angularfruit Milkvine; Angle Pod Modiola caroliniana Carolina Bristlemallow Najas marina Spiny Waternymph Najas wrightiana Wright's Waternymph Nasturtium floridanum Florida Watercress Nymphaea ampla Dotleaf Waterlily Ophioglossum nudicaule Slender Adder's-Tongue Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. smallii Jacob's Ladder; Devil's Backbone; Redbird Flower Phaseolus polystachios var. sinuatus Thicket Bean Physalis arenicola Cypresshead Groundcherry Physalis cordata Heartleaf Groundcherry Pilea herniarioides Caribbean Clearweed Platythelys latifolia Jug Orchid Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania Smartweed Potamogeton pusillus Small Pondweed Prunus caroliniana Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus umbellata Flatwoods Plum; Hog Plum Pteris quadriaurita Striped Brake Quercus x succulenta Rubus argutus Sawtooth Blackberry Salvia micrantha Yucatan Sage Silphium asteriscus Starry Rosinweed Solanum capsicoides Soda Apple; Cockroachberry Spiranthes eatonii Eaton's Ladiestresses Spiranthes polyantha Florida Keys Ladiestresses; Gray Ladiestresses Stenanthium densum Crowpoison; Osceola's Plume Stylodon carneum Carolina False Vervain Symphyotrichum fontinale Florida Water Aster Tephrosia angustissima Narrowleaf Hoarypea Trichostema setaceum Narrowleaf Bluecurls Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Chapman's Purpletop Tridens Vernonia gigantea Giant Ironweed Viola palmata Early Blue Violet Viola primulifolia Primroseleaf Violet Warea carteri Carter's Pinelandcress; Carter's Mustard Wolffia columbiana Columbian Watermeal B-2 Family Convolvulaceae Juncaceae Eriocaulaceae Cistaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae Malvaceae Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae Brassicaceae Nymphaeaceae Ophioglossaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Urticaceae Orchidaceae Polygonaceae Potamogetonaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Pteridaceae Fagaceae Rosaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Solanaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Melanthiaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Violaceae Violaceae Brassicaceae Araceae UNASSIGNED COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM VALUES Scientific Name Common Name Wolffiella lingulata Tongueshaped Bogmat Xyris calcicola Limestone Yelloweyed Grass B-3 Family Araceae Xyridaceae Appendix C NON-NATIVE PLANTS IN SOUTH FLORIDA NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Abrus precatorius Rosary Pea; Blackeyed Susan Abutilon hirtum Florida Keys Indian Mallow Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf; Butterprint Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia Acacia retinodes Water Wattle Acacia sphaerocephala Bee Wattle Acalypha alopecuroidea Foxtail Copperleaf Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana Wilkes' Copperleaf Acalypha arvensis Field Copperleaf Acalypha setosa Cuban Copperleaf Acanthospermum hispidum Hispid Starburr Achyranthes aspera Devil's Horsewhip Achyranthes aspera var. pubescens Devil's Horsewhip Acmella pilosa Hairy Spotflower Adenanthera pavonina Red Beadtree; Red Sandalwood Adiantum anceps Double-Edge Maidenhair Adiantum caudatum Tailed Maidenhair Adiantum trapeziforme Diamond Maidenhair Aeschynomene indica Indian Jointvetch Agave americana American Century Plant Agave desmettiana Dwarf Century Plant Agave sisalana Sisal Hemp Agave vivipara Century Plant Agdestis clematidea Rockroot Ageratum conyzoides Tropical Whiteweed Ageratum houstonianum Bluemink Aglaonema commutatum var. maculatum Chinese Evergreen Albizia lebbeck Woman's Tongue Albizia lebbekoides Indian Albizia Albizia procera Tall Albizia Aleurites moluccanus Candlenut Tree; Indian Walnut Allamanda cathartica Golden Trumpet; Brownbud Allamanda Alocasia macrorrhizos Giant Taro Alocasia odora Taro Aloe vera Aloe Alpinia zerumbet Shellflower; Shell Ginger Alstonia macrophylla Deviltree Alstonia scholaris Dita; White Cheesewood Alternanthera brasiliana Brazilian Joyweed Alternanthera ficoidea Slender Joyweed Alternanthera flavescens Yellow Joyweed Alternanthera paronichyoides Smooth Joyweed Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed Alysicarpus ovalifolius False Moneywort; Alyce Clover Alysicarpus rugosus Red Moneywort C-1 Family Name Fabaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Fabaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agdestidaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Araceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Araceae Araceae Asphodelaceae Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Alysicarpus vaginalis White Moneywort Amaranthus blitum subsp. emarginatus Purple Amaranth Amaranthus hybridus Slim Amaranth; Pigweed Amaranthus polygonoides Tropical Amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus Red Amaranth; Rough Pigweed Amaranthus spinosus Spiny Amaranth Amaranthus viridis Slender Amaranth Ammi majus Large Bullwort Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Andropogon bicornis Barbas De Indio Angelonia angustifolia Narrowleaf Angelon Aniseia martinicensis Whitejacket Annona squamosa Sugar Apple Anredera cordifolia Heartleaf Madeiravine Anredera vesicaria Texas Madeiravine Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine; Queen's Jewels Apium graveolens Wild Celery Arachis hypogaea Peanut Arachis prostrata Grassnut Ardisia elliptica Shoebutton Argyreia nervosa Woolly Morning-Glory; Elephant Creeper Aristolochia littoralis Elegant Dutchman's-Pipe; Calico Flower Aristolochia maxima Dutchman's-Pipe Aristolochia ringens Gaping Dutchman's-Pipe Artemisia stelleriana Dusty Miller Arundo donax Giant Reed Asclepias curassavica Scarlet Milkweed; Bloodflower Asparagus aethiopicus Sprenger's Asparagus-Fern Asparagus setaceus Common Asparagus-Fern Asystasia gangetica Chinese Violet Avena fatua var. sativa Common Oats Bambusa multiplex Hedge Bamboo; Silverstripe Bamboo Bambusa vulgaris Common Bamboo Barleria cristata Crested Philippine Violet Barleria lupulina Hophead Philippine Violet Bauhinia aculeata White Orchid Tree Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree; Butterfly Tree Bauhinia variegata Orchid Tree; Mountain Ebony Bauhinia yunnanensis Yunnan Bauhinia Begonia cucullata Wax Begonia; Club Begonia Begonia hirtella Brazilian Begonia Billbergia pyramidalis Foolproofplant Bischofia javanica Javanese Bishopwood Blechum pyramidatum Browne's Blechum Bletia florida Slender Pinepink Boehmeria nivea Ramie C-2 Family Name Fabaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Apiaceae Primulaceae Poaceae Veronicaceae Convolvulaceae Annonaceae Basellaceae Basellaceae Polygonaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Myrsinaceae Convolvulaceae Aristolochiaceae Aristolochiaceae Aristolochiaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Apocynaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Bromeliaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Orchidaceae Urticaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Bontia daphnoides White Alling Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica King Ranch Bluestem; Yellow Bluestem Bothriochloa pertusa Pitted Beardgrass Bouteloua dimorpha Acapulcograss Brassica juncea India Mustard; Leaf Mustard Brassica napus Rape Brassica rapa Rape; Turnip Breynia disticha Snowbush Brosimum alicastrum Breadnut Broussonetia papyrifera Paper Mulberry Browallia americana Jamaican Forget-Me-Not; Bushviolet Brugmansia suaveolens Angel's Trumpet Bucida buceras Black Olive Buddleja indica Indoor Oak Buddleja lindleyana Lindley's Butterflybush Bulbostylis barbata Watergrass Cabomba haynesii Fishgrass Caesalpinia crista Yellow Nicker Caesalpinia pulcherrima Pride-Of-Barbados; Dwarf Poinciana Cajanus cajan Pigeonpea Calliandra haematocephala Powderpuff Tree Callisia fragrans Basketplant Callisia repens Creeping Inchplant Callistemon viminale Bottlebrush Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress-Pine Calophyllum antillanum Santa Maria; Galba Calophyllum inophyllum Alexandrian Laurel Calyptocarpus vialis Straggler Daisy Canavalia brasiliensis Brazilian Jackbean Canavalia ensiformis Wonderbean; Jackbean Canna indica Indian Shot Canna x generalis Garden Canna Cannabis sativa Hemp; Marijuana Caperonia palustris Sacatrapo Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse Cardiospermum halicacabum Love-In-A-Puff Carica papaya Papaya Carissa macrocarpa Natal Plum Carmona microphylla Fukien Tea Carpobrotus edulis Common Hottentot Fig Caryota mitis Burmese Fishtail Palm Caryota urens Fishtail Palm Casearia nitida Smooth Casearia Cassia fistula Golden Shower Cassia javanica var. indochinensis Pink Shower Casuarina cunninghamiana River Sheoak C-3 Family Name Myoporaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Euphorbiaceae Moraceae Moraceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Combretaceae Buddlejaceae Buddlejaceae Cyperaceae Cabombaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Myrtaceae Cupressaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Cannaceae Cannaceae Cannabaceae Euphorbiaceae Brassicaceae Sapindaceae Caricaceae Apocynaceae Boraginaceae Aizoaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Flacourtiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Casuarinaceae Scientific Name Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina glauca Catharanthus roseus Cecropia palmata Celastrus paniculatus Cenchrus ciliaris Centratherum punctatum Ceratopteris thalictroides Cestrum diurnum Cestrum nocturnum Chamaecrista pilosa Chamaedorea seifrizii Chamaesyce lasiocarpa Chamaesyce mendezii Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodium murale Chloris radiata Cinnamomum camphora Citrullus lanatus Citrus medica Citrus x aurantiifolia Citrus x aurantium Citrus x limon Cleome gynandra Cleome hassleriana Cleome rutidosperma Clerodendrum bungei Clerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum glabrum Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum kaempferi Clerodendrum speciosissimum Clerodendrum x speciosum Clitoria ternatea Coccinia grandis Cocos nucifera Coleus pumilus Colocasia esculenta Colubrina asiatica Commelina caroliniana Commelina diffusa Commelina diffusa var. gigas Commelina forskaolii Commelina gambiae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Australian-Pine; Horsetail Casuarina Gray Sheoak; Suckering Australian-Pine Madagascar Periwinkle Trumpet Tree Staff-Vine Buffelgrass Larkdaisy Watersprite Dayflowering Jessamine Nightflowering Jessamine Hairy Sensitive Pea Bamboo Palm Roadside Sandmat Mendez's Sandmat Lamb's-Quarters Mexican Tea Oakleaf Goosefoot Nettleleaf Goosefoot Radiate Fingergrass Camphortree Watermelon; Citron Citron Key Lime Sour Orange; Grapefruit; Sweet Orange Lemon Spiderwisp Pinkqueen Spiderflower Fringed Spiderflower Rose Glorybower Stickbush Natal Glorybower Turk's Turban; Skyrocket Kaempfer's Glorybower Javanese Glorybower Java Glory Bean; Pagoda Flower Asian Pigeonwings Ivy Gourd; Scarletfruit Ivy Gourd Coconut Palm Dwarf Coleus Wild Taro; Dasheen; Coco Yam Latherleaf; Asian Nakedwood Carolina Dayflower Common Dayflower Climbing Dayflower Rat's Ear Gambian Dayflower C-4 Family Name Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Apocynaceae Cecropiaceae Celastraceae Poaceae Asteraceae Pteridaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Poaceae Lauraceae Cucurbitaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae Cucurbitaceae Arecaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Rhamnaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Scientific Name Conobea multifida Conyza laevigata Corchorus hirsutus Cordia curassavica Cordia dichotoma Cordia sebestena Cornutia grandifolia Coronilla varia Coronopus didymus Cosmos bipinnatus Crassocephalum crepidioides Crinum asiaticum Crinum bulbispermum Crotalaria incana Crotalaria juncea Crotalaria lanceolata Crotalaria pallida var. obovata Crotalaria retusa Crotalaria spectabilis Crotalaria trichotoma Crotalaria verrucosa Cryptostegia madagascariensis Cucumis melo Cucurbita moschata Cupaniopsis anacardioides Cuphea carthagenensis Cuphea strigulosa Curculigo capitulata Cyanthillium cinereum Cyathea cooperi Cyclospermum leptophyllum Cydista aequinoctialis Cymbopogon citratus Cynodon dactylon Cynoglossum zeylanicum Cyperus difformis Cyperus esculentus Cyperus hyalinus Cyperus involucratus Cyperus iria Cyperus lanceolatus Cyperus ochraceus Cyperus papyrus Cyperus prolifer Cyperus pumilus Cyperus rotundus NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Narrowleaf Paleseed Manzanilla Horseweed Jackswitch; Woolly Corchorus; Cadillo Black Sage Fragrant Manjack Largeleaf Geigertree Azulejo Purple Crownvetch Lesser Swinecress Garden Cosmon Redflower Ragleaf Poisonbulb Milk-And-Wine Lily Shakeshake Sunn Hemp Lanceleaf Rattlebox Smooth Rattlebox Rattleweed Showy Rattlebox West Indian Rattlebox Blue Rattlebox Madagascar Rubbervine Cantaloupe Seminole Pumpkin; Crookneck Squash Carrotwood Colombian Waxweed Stiffhair Waxweed Giant Palm-Grass Little Ironweed Cooper's Cyathea Marsh Parsley Garlic Vine Lemongrass Bermudagrass Ceylon Hound's Tongue Variable Flatsedge Yellow Nutgrass; Chufa Flatsedge Queensland Flatsedge; Peduncled Spikesedge Umbrella Plant Ricefield Flatsedge Epiphytic Flatsedge Pond Flatsedge Papyrus Flatsedge Low Flatsedge Nutgrass C-5 Family Name Veronicaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apocynaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Sapindaceae Lythraceae Lythraceae Hypoxidaceae Asteraceae Cyatheaceae Apiaceae Bignoniaceae Poaceae Poaceae Boraginaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Scientific Name Cyperus sphacelatus Cyperus unioloides Cypselea humifusa Cyrtopodium polyphyllum Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dalbergia sissoo Dalechampia scandens Delonix regia Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Desmodium incanum Desmodium scorpiurus Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium triflorum Dianella ensifolia Dichanthium aristatum Dichanthium sericeum Dichondra micrantha Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana Dieffenbachia seguine Digitaria bicornis Digitaria eriantha Digitaria longiflora Digitaria setigera Digitaria violascens Dimocarpus longan Dioscorea alata Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscorea sansibarensis Diospyros ebenum Diospyros maritima Diplazium esculentum Duranta erecta Dypsis lutescens Echinochloa colona Echinochloa crusgalli Egeria densa Eichhornia crassipes Elaeis guineensis Eleocharis acutangula Eleocharis nigrescens Eleusine indica Elionurus tripsacoides Emilia fosbergii Emilia sonchifolia Enterolobium contortisiliquum NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Roadside Flatsedge Uniola Flatsedge Panal Parana Cowhorn Orchid; Yellow Cowhorn Orchid Durban Crowfootgrass Indian Rosewood Spurgecreeper Royal Poinciana Slenderleaf Bundleflower Wild Tantan Zarzabacoa Comun Scorpion Ticktrefoil Dixie Ticktrefoil Threeflower Ticktrefoil Cerulean Flaxlily Angleton's Bluestem Queensland Bluestem Smallflowered Ponysfoot Aroma Dumb Cane Asia Crabgrass Pangolagrass Indian Crabgrass East Indian Crabgrass Violet Crabgrass Longan White Yam Air-Potato Zanzibar Yam Ebony Vegetable Fern Golden Dewdrops Areca Palm Jungle Rice Barnyardgrass Brazilian Waterweed Common Water-Hyacinth African Oil Palm Acute Spikerush Black Spikerush Indian Goosegrass Pan-American Balsamscale Florida Tasselflower Lilac Tasselflower Earpod Tree C-6 Family Name Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Aizoaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Hemerocallidaceae Poaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Araceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Sapindaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae Verbenaceae Arecaceae Poaceae Poaceae Hydrocharitaceae Pontederiaceae Arecaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Scientific Name Epidendrum radicans Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. hookeri Epipremnum pinnatum Eragrostis amabilis Eragrostis atrovirens Eragrostis bahiensis Eragrostis barrelieri Eragrostis cilianensis Eragrostis ciliaris Eragrostis gangetica Eragrostis pilosa Eragrostis scaligera Eragrostis unioloides Eremochloa ophiuroides Eriobotrya japonica Eriochloa contracta Eriochloa polystachya Erucastrum gallicum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum cheiranthoides Eucalyptus grandis Eucalyptus robusta Eucalyptus torelliana Eugenia uniflora Euphorbia graminea Euphorbia milii Euphorbia tirucalli Euryops chrysanthemoides Evolvulus convolvuloides Fagopyrum esculentum Fatoua villosa Ficus altissima Ficus americana Ficus benghalensis Ficus benjamina Ficus carica Ficus microcarpa Ficus religiosa Fimbristylis littoralis Fimbristylis schoenoides Flacourtia indica Flaveria bidentis Flueggea virosa Fumaria officinalis Furcraea foetida Furcraea selloa NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Star Orchid; Crucifix Orchid Orchid Cactus Golden Pothos Feather Lovegrass Thalia Lovegrass Bahia Lovegrass Mediterranean Lovegrass Stinkgrass Gophertail Lovegrass Slimflower Lovegrass Indian Lovegrass Tender Lovegrass Chinese Lovegrass Centipedegrass Loquat Prairie Cupgrass Caribgrass Common Dogmustard Spiritweed Wormseed Wallflower Grand Eucalyptus Swampmahogany Torell's Eucalyptus; Cadaga Surinam Cherry Grassleaf Spurge Crown-Of-Thorns; Christplant Pencil Tree; Indian Tree Spurge African Bushdaisy; Bull's Eye Bindweed Dwarf Morning-Glory; Dwarf Bindweed Buckwheat Hairy Crabweed Council Tree West Indian Laurel Fig Banyan Tree Weeping Fig Common Fig Indian Laurel Bo Tree; Sacred Fig Grasslike Fimbry Ditch Fimbry Governor's Plum Coastalplain Yellowtops Simpleleaf Bushweed Drug Fumitory; Earthsmoke Mauritius Hemp Wild Sisal C-7 Family Name Orchidaceae Cactaceae Araceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Rosaceae Poaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae Apiaceae Brassicaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Flacourtiaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Fumariaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Galinsoga quadriradiata Peruvian Daisy; Shaggysoldier Galphimia gracilis Slender Goldshower Gamochaeta coarctata American Everlasting Gamochaeta pensylvanica Pennsylvania Everlasting Gibasis pellucida Tahitian Bridalveil Glandularia pulchella South American Mock Vervain; Moss Verbena Gloriosa superba Flamelily Glycosmis parviflora Flower Axistree Gomphrena serrata Arrasa Con Todo Grevillea robusta Silkoak Guaiacum officinale Common Lignumvitae Gynura aurantiaca Velvetplant Hackelochloa granularis Pitscalegrass Harpullia arborea Uas Helianthus annuus Common Sunflower Heliconia latispatha Expanded Lobsterclaw Heliotropium procumbens Fourspike Heliotrope Hemarthria altissima Limpograss Hemigraphis alternata Redivy Hemigraphis reptans Redflame Heteranthera limosa Blue Mudplantain Heteropogon contortus Tanglehead Heteropogon melanocarpus Sweet Tanglehead Hibiscus acetosella African Rosemallow Hibiscus cannabinus Brown Indianhemp; Kenaf Hibiscus radiatus Monarch Rosemallow Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Garden Rosemallow; Shoe-Black-Plant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus Fringed Rosemallow Hippobroma longiflora Madamfate Hiptage benghalensis Hiptage Holmskioldia sanguinea Chinese Hat Hura crepitans Sandboxtree Hybanthus linearifolius Chancleta Hydrilla verticillata Waterthyme; Hydrilla Hydrolea capsularis Spiny False Fiddleleaf Hygrophila corymbosa Starhorn Hygrophila polysperma Indian Swampweed Hylocereus undatus Nightblooming Cactus Hymenachne amplexicaulis Trompetilla Hyparrhenia rufa Jaragua Hyptis mutabilis Tropical Bushmint Hyptis pectinata Comb Bushmint Hyptis spicigera Marubio Hyptis verticillata John Charles Impatiens balsamina Garden Balsam; Rose Balsam Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass C-8 Family Name Asteraceae Malpighiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Commelinaceae Verbenaceae Colchicaceae Rutaceae Amaranthaceae Proteaceae Zygophyllaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Sapindaceae Asteraceae Heliconiaceae Boraginaceae Poaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Pontederiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Campanulaceae Malpighiaceae Lamiaceae Euphorbiaceae Violaceae Hydrocharitaceae Hydroleaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Cactaceae Poaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Balsaminaceae Poaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Indigofera hirsuta Hairy Indigo Indigofera spicata Trailing Indigo Indigofera suffruticosa Anil De Pasto Indigofera tinctoria True Indigo Ipomoea asarifolia Ipomoea batatas Sweetpotato Ipomoea cairica Mile-A-Minute Vine Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa Bush Morning-Glory Ipomoea macrorhiza Largeroot Morning-Glory Ipomoea muricata Lilacbell Ipomoea quamoclit Cypressvine Ipomoea triloba Littlebell Ixora arborea Smallflower Jungleflame Ixora coccinea Scarlet Jungleflame Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda; Black Poui Jacquinia arborea Braceletwood Jacquinia macrocarpa Cudjoewood Jasminum dichotomum Gold Coast Jasmine Jasminum fluminense Brazilian Jasmine; Jazmin De Trapo Jasminum mesnyi Japanese Jasmine Jasminum multiflorum Star Jasmine Jasminum nitidum Angelwing Jasmine Jasminum officinale Poet's Jasmine Jasminum sambac Arabian Jasmine Jatropha curcas Nutmeg Plant; Physic Nut; Barbados Nut Jatropha gossypifolia Bellyache Bush Jatropha integerrima Peregrina Justicia brandegeana Shrimpplant Justicia pectoralis Freshcut Justicia spicigera Mexican Honeysuckle; Mohintle Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Madagascar Widow's-Thrill; Christmas Kalanchoe Kalanchoe daigremontiana Devil's Backbone Kalanchoe delagoensis Chandelier Plant Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Lavender Scallops Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Palm Beachbells Kalanchoe laciniata Christmastree Plant Kalanchoe pinnata Cathedral Bells; Life Plant Kalanchoe xhoughtonii Mother-Of-Millions Khaya senegalensis African Mahogany Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana Flamegold Kummerowia striata Japanese Clover Kyllinga brevifolia Shortleaf Spikesedge Kyllinga squamulata Asian Spikesedge Lablab purpureus Hyacinthbean Laelia rubescens Pale Laelia Landoltia punctata Dotted Duckweed C-9 Family Name Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Bignoniaceae Theophrastaceae Theophrastaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Meliaceae Sapindaceae Fabaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Araceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Lantana camara Lantana; Shrubverbena Lantana montevidensis Trailing Shrubverbena Laportea aestuans West Indian Woodnettle Launaea intybacea Achicoria Azul Leonotis nepetifolia Lion's-Ear; Christmas Candlestick Lepianthes umbellata Baquina Leptochloa nealleyi Nealley's Sprangletop Leucaena leucocephala White Leadtree Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Limnophila sessiliflora Asian Marshweed Lindernia crustacea Malaysian False Pimpernel Linum usitatissimum Common Flax Lipocarpha aristulata Awned Halfchaff Sedge Livistona chinensis Chinese Fan Palm Livistona rotundifolia Footstool Palm Lobularia maritima Seaside Lobularia; Sweet Alyssum Lolium perenne Italian Ryegrass Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle Ludwigia grandiflora Largeflower Primrosewillow Ludwigia peruviana Peruvian Primrosewillow Luffa aegyptiaca Vegetable Sponge; Loofah Lygodium japonicum Japanese Climbing Fern Lygodium microphyllum Small-Leaf Climbing Fern Lysiloma sabicu Horseflesh Mahogany Macfadyena unguis-cati Catclawvine Macroptilium atropurpureum Purple Bushbean Macroptilium lathyroides Wild Bushbean Macrothelypteris torresiana Mariana Maiden Fern Malachra capitata Malva De Caballo Malpighia emarginata Barbados Cherry Malvastrum coromandelianum Threelobe False Mallow Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Texas Waxmallow Malvaviscus penduliflorus Mazapan; Turkscap Mallow Mangifera indica Mango Manihot esculenta Tapioca Manilkara roxburghiana Bulletwood Manilkara zapota Sapodilla Maranta arundinacea Arrowroot Marsilea macropoda Big-Foot Water-Clover Marsilea vestita Hairy Water-Clover Maurandya antirrhiniflora Roving Sailor Mazus pumilus Japanese Mazus Medicago lupulina Black Medick Medicago polymorpha Burr Clover Medicago sativa Alfalfa Melaleuca quinquenervia Punktree C-10 Family Name Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Urticaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Piperaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Oleaceae Veronicaceae Veronicaceae Linaceae Cyperaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Brassicaceae Poaceae Caprifoliaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Cucurbitaceae Schizaeaceae Schizaeaceae Fabaceae Bignoniaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Thelypteridaceae Malvaceae Malpighiaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Anacardiaceae Euphorbiaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Marantaceae Marsileaceae Marsileaceae Veronicaceae Veronicaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Myrtaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Melastoma malabathricum Straits Rhododendron; Malabar Melastome Melia azedarach Chinaberrytree Melicoccus bijugatus Spanish Lime Melilotus albus White Sweetclover Melilotus indicus Indian Sweetclover; Annual Yellow Sweetclover Melinis minutiflora Molassesgrass Melochia corchorifolia Chocolateweed Merremia aegyptia Hairy Woodrose Merremia cissoides Roadside Woodrose Merremia dissecta Noyau Vine Merremia quinquefolia Rock Rosemary Merremia tuberosa Spanish Arborvine; Yellow Morning-Glory Merremia umbellata Hogvine Mimosa pigra Black Mimosa Mimosa pudica Sensitive Plant; Shameplant Mimusops elengi Spanish Cherry; Kabiki; Bakul Mirabilis jalapa Four-O'clock; Marvel-Of-Peru Mitracarpus hirtus Tropical Girdlepod Mollugo verticillata Indian Chickweed; Green Carpetweed Momordica charantia Balsampear Monstera deliciosa Swiss-Cheese Plant; Cut-Leaf Philodendron Moringa oleifera Horseradishtree Morrenia odorata Latexplant Morus alba White Mulberry Mucuna pruriens Cowitch; Velvetbean Muntingia calabura Strawberrytree Murdannia nudiflora Nakedstem Dewflower Murdannia spirata var. parviflora Asiatic Dewflower Murraya paniculata Orange Jessamine Musa acuminata Dwarf Banana Musa x paradisiaca Common Banana Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot Feather Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian Watermilfoil; Spike Watermilfoil Nama jamaicensis Jamaicanweed Nelumbo nucifera Sacred Lotus Nephrolepis cordifolia Tuberous Sword Fern Nephrolepis falcata Fishtail Swordfern Nephrolepis multiflora Asian Sword Fern Nerium oleander Oleander Neyraudia reynaudiana Burmareed; Silkreed Nicandra physalodes Apple-Of-Peru Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Tex-Mex Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Cultivated Tobacco Nymphaea capensis var. zanzibariensis Cape Blue Waterlily Nymphaea lotus White Egyptian Lotus Nymphaea x daubenyana C-11 Family Name Melastomataceae Meliaceae Sapindaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Malvaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Sapotaceae Nyctaginaceae Rubiaceae Molluginaceae Cucurbitaceae Araceae Moringaceae Apocynaceae Moraceae Fabaceae Muntingiaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Rutaceae Musaceae Musaceae Haloragaceae Haloragaceae Hydrophyllaceae Nelumbonaceae Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepidaceae Apocynaceae Poaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Scientific Name Nymphoides cristata Nymphoides indica Ochrosia elliptica Ocimum basilicum Odontonema cuspidatum Oeceoclades maculata Oenothera drummondii Oenothera speciosa Oldenlandia corymbosa Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides Ophioglossum pendulum Opuntia cochenillifera Oryza perennis Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa Oxalis latifolia Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia cruddasiana Paederia foetida Panicum maximum Panicum miliaceum Panicum repens Parkinsonia aculeata Parthenium hysterophorus Paspalum acuminatum Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum fimbriatum Paspalum malacophyllum Paspalum nicorae Paspalum notatum Paspalum notatum var. saurae Paspalum paniculatum Paspalum pleostachyum Paspalum urvillei Passiflora biflora Passiflora edulis Passiflora foetida Passiflora x belotii Pectis humifusa Peltophorum dubium Peltophorum pterocarpum Pennisetum glaucum Pennisetum polystachion Pennisetum purpureum Pennisetum setaceum Peperomia amplexicaulis Peperomia pellucida NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Crested Floatingheart Water Snowflake Elliptic Yellowwood Sweet Basil Firespike Monk Orchid Beach Eveningprimrose Pinkladies Flattop Mille Graines Oldenlandiopsis Old World Adder's-Tongue Cochineal Cactus Wild Red Rice Pink Woodsorrel Broadleaf Woodsorrel Yam Bean Sewervine Skunkvine Guineagrass Broomcorn Millet Torpedograss Mexican Palo Verde; Jerusalem Thorn Santa Maria Feverfew Brook Crowngrass Dallisgrass Winged Paspalum; Panama Crowngrass Ribbed Paspalum Brunswickgrass Bahiagrass Bahiagrass Arrocillo Tropical Paspalum Vaseygrass Twolobe Passionflower Passionfruit; Purple Granadilla Fetid Passionflower Yerba De San Juan Horsebush Yellow Poinciana Pearl Millet; American Fountaingrass West Indian Pennisetum; Missiongrass Elephantgrass; Napiergrass Fountaingrass Jackie's Saddle; Clasping Peperomia Pepper-Elder; Rat-Ear C-12 Family Name Menyanthaceae Menyanthaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Orchidaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Ophioglossaceae Cactaceae Poaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Fabaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Scientific Name Pereskia aculeata Persea americana Petitia domingensis Petrea volubilis Petunia x hybrida Phleum pratense Phlox drummondii Phoenix reclinata Phyla fruticosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus angustifolius Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus tenellus Phyllanthus urinaria Phymatosorus scolopendria Pilea nummulariifolia Piper aduncum Piper auritum Pithecellobium dulce Pithecoctenium crucigerum Pittosporum pentandrum Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Platycerium bifurcatum Plumbago auriculata Poa annua Polyalthia suberosa Polygonum aviculare Polygonum lapathifolium Polygonum persicaria Polypogon monspeliensis Polytrias amaura Pongamia pinnata Poranopsis paniculata Portulaca amilis Portulaca oleracea Potentilla reptans Pouteria campechiana Pouzolzia zeylanica Premna odorata Proboscidea louisianica Pseudelephantopus spicatus Pseuderanthemum fasciculatum Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Barbados Gooseberry; Lemon Vine Avocado Bastard Stopper Queenswreath Petunia Timothy Annual Phlox Senegal Date Palm Diamondleaf Fogfruit Tahitian Gooseberry Tree Gale-Of-Wind; Carry-Me-Seed Foliage Flower; Swordbush Gulf Leafflower Mascarene Island Leafflower Chamber Bitter Serpent Fern; Wart Fern Creeping Charlie Spiked Pepper; False Matico; Higuillo De Hoja Menuda Veracruz Pepper Monkeypod Monkeycomb Taiwanese Cheesewood English Plantain; Narrowleaf Plantain Common Plantain Staghorn Fern Cape Leadwort Annual Bluegrass Corky Debbar Tree Prostrate Knotweed Curlytop Knotweed; Pale Smartweed Spotted Lady's-Thumb Rabbitsfootgrass Javanesegrass Karum Tree; Poonga-Oil Tree Bridal Bouquet Paraguayan Purslane Little Hogweed Creeping Cinquefoil Egg Fruit; Canistel Pouzolz's Bush Fragrant Premna Unicornplant; Common Devil's Claw Dogstongue Falseface Jersey Cudweed Mexican Flamevine C-13 Family Name Cactaceae Lauraceae Lamiaceae Verbenaceae Solanaceae Poaceae Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Verbenaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Polypodiaceae Urticaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Fabaceae Bignoniaceae Pittosporaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Polypodiaceae Plumbaginaceae Poaceae Annonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Rosaceae Sapotaceae Urticaceae Lamiaceae Martyniaceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Scientific Name Psidium cattleianum Psidium guajava Pteris grandifolia Pteris multifida Pteris tripartita Pteris vittata Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma macarthurii Pueraria montana var. lobata Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus sardous Raphanus raphanistrum Rauvolfia tetraphylla Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhynchelytrum repens Richardia brasiliensis Richardia grandiflora Richardia scabra Ricinus communis Rotala rotundifolia Rottboellia cochinchinensis Rubus niveus Ruellia ciliatiflora Ruellia tweediana Rumex crispus Rumex obovatus Rumex pulcher Rumohra adiantiformis Russelia equisetiformis Saccharum officinarum Sacciolepis indica Salsola kali subsp. pontica Salvinia minima Salvinia molesta Sansevieria hyacinthoides Santalum album Sapium sebiferum Scaevola taccada Scaevola taccada var. sericea Schefflera actinophylla Schefflera arboricola Schinus terebinthifolius Scirpus cubensis Scleria lacustris Secale cereale NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Strawberry Guava Guava Long Brake Spider Brake; Huguenot Fern Giant Brake Chinese Ladder Brake Alexander Palm; Solitaire Palm Macarthur's Palm Kudzu Flamevine Rangoon Creeper Hairy Buttercup Wild Radish Be-Still Tree Rose Myrtle Rose Natalgrass Tropical Mexican Clover Largeflower Mexican Clover Rough Mexican Clover Castorbean Dwarf Rotala; Roundleaf Toothcup Itchgrass Snowpeaks Raspberry Hairyflower Wild Petunia Britton's Wild Petunia; Mexican Bluebell Curly Dock Tropical Dock Fiddle Dock Leatherleaf Fern Fountainbush; Firecracker Plant Sugarcane Indian Cupscale Prickly Russian Thistle Water Spangles Aquarium Watermoss Bowstring Hemp; Mother-In-Law's Tongue Sandalwood Popcorntree; Chinese Tallowtree Beach Naupaka Beach Naupaka Australian Umbrella Tree; Octopus Tree Dwarf Schefflera Brazilian Pepper Cuban Bulrush Wright's Nutrush Cultivated Rye C-14 Family Name Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Fabaceae Bignoniaceae Combretaceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Apocynaceae Myrtaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae Lythraceae Poaceae Rosaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Dryopteridaceae Veronicaceae Poaceae Poaceae Amaranthaceae Salviniaceae Salviniaceae Ruscaceae Santalaceae Euphorbiaceae Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Anacardiaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Poaceae Scientific Name Selaginella uncinata Selaginella willdenowii Selenicereus grandiflorus Selenicereus pteranthus Senna alata Senna corymbosa Senna didymobotrya Senna obtusifolia Senna occidentalis Senna pendula var. glabrata Senna surattensis Sesamum indicum Sesbania punicea Sesbania sericea Setaria barbata Setaria faberi Setaria italica Setaria pumila Setaria setosa Setaria sphacelata Setaria verticillata Setaria viridis Severinia buxifolia Sida cordifolia Sida glabra Sida santaremensis Sida spinosa Sinapis arvensis Sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium irio Sisyrinchium rosulatum Solandra nitida Solanum diphyllum Solanum elaeagnifolium Solanum lycopersicum Solanum melongena Solanum seaforthianum Solanum tampicense Solanum torvum Solanum viarum Sonchus asper Sonchus oleraceus Sophora tomentosa var. occidentalis Sorghum arundinaceum Sorghum bicolor Sorghum halepense NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Peacock Spike-Moss Vine Spike-Moss Queen Of The Night Princess-Of-The-Night Candlestick Plant Argentine Wild Sensitive Plant African Wild Sensitive Plant Coffeeweed; Sicklepod Septicweed Valamuerto Glossy Shower Sesame; Benne Rattlebox Silky Sesban East Indian Bristlegrass; Marygrass; Corngrass Japanese Bristlegrass; Giant Foxtail Foxtail Bristlegrass Yellow Bristlegrass; Yellow Foxtail West Indian Bristlegrass African Bristlegrass Hooked Bristlegrass Green Bristlegrass; Green Foxtail; Foxtail Millet Chinese Boxorange Llima Smooth Fanpetals Moth Fanpetals Prickly Fanpetals Charlock Mustard Tall Tumblemustard Londonrocket Annual Blue-Eyed Grass Chalicevine Twoleaf Nightshade Silverleaf Nightshade; White Horsenettle Garden Tomato Eggplant Brazilian Nightshade Aquatic Soda Apple Turkeyberry Tropical Soda Apple Spiny Sowthistle Common Sowthistle Yellow Necklacepod Broomcorn Grain Sorghum; Broomcorn Johnsongrass C-15 Family Name Selaginellaceae Selaginellaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Pedaliaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Rutaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Iridaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Scientific Name Common Name Sorindeia madagascariensis Mtikiza Spathodea campanulata African Tuliptree Spathoglottis plicata Philippine Ground Orchid Spermacoce verticillata Shrubby False Buttonweed Sphagneticola trilobata Creeping Oxeye Spondias purpurea Purple Mombin Sporobolus indicus Smutgrass Sporobolus indicus var. pyramidalis West Indian Dropseed Sporobolus tenuissimus Tropical Dropseed Stachytarpheta cayennensis Nettleleaf Velvetberry Stellaria media Common Chickweed Stemodia durantifolia Whitewoolly Twintip Stenochlaena tenuifolia Giant Vine Fern Stictocardia tiliifolia Spottedheart Strychnos spinosa Wood Orange; Natal Orange Stylosanthes hamata Cheesytoes Syagrus romanzoffiana Queen Palm Synedrella nodiflora Nodeweed Syngonium angustatum Fivefingers Syngonium podophyllum American Evergreen Syzygium cumini Java Plum Syzygium jambos Malabar Plum; Rose Apple Tabebuia aurea Caribbean Trumpettree Tabebuia heterophylla White Cedar Tabernaemontana alba White Milkwood Tagetes erecta Aztec Marigold Talinum fruticosum Verdolaga-Francesa Talinum paniculatum Pink Baby's-Breath; Jewels-Of-Opar Talipariti tiliaceum Sea Hibiscus; Mahoe Talipariti tiliaceum var. pernambucense Yellow Mahoe Tamarindus indica Tamarind Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Tecoma capensis Cape Honeysuckle Tecoma stans Yellow Elder; Yellow Trumpetbush Tectaria incisa Incised Halberd Fern Terminalia catappa West Indian Almond Terminalia muelleri Australian Almond Thelypteris dentata Downy Maiden Fern; Downy Shield Fern Thelypteris opulenta Jeweled Maiden Fern Thespesia populnea Portia Tree Thevetia peruviana Luckynut Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress Thunbergia alata Blackeyed Susan Vine Thunbergia erecta Bush Clockvine Thunbergia fragrans Whitelady Thunbergia grandiflora Skyvine; Clockvine; Bengal Trumpet C-16 Family Name Anacardiaceae Bignoniaceae Orchidaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Anacardiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Verbenaceae Caryophyllaceae Veronicaceae Blechnaceae Convolvulaceae Strychnaceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Asteraceae Araceae Araceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Dryopteridaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae Brassicaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Scientific Name Thymophylla tenuiloba Tithonia diversifolia Torenia fournieri Trachelospermum jasminoides Tradescantia pallida Tradescantia spathacea Tradescantia zebrina Tribulus cistoides Tribulus terrestris Trichosanthes tricuspidata Tridax procumbens Trifolium hybridum Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Trigonella caerulea Trimezia martinicensis Triphasia trifolia Triumfetta semitriloba Turbina corymbosa Turnera ulmifolia Urena lobata Urochloa arrecta Urochloa distachya Urochloa fusca var. reticulata Urochloa mutica Urochloa plantaginea Urochloa ramosa Urochloa texana Vaccaria hispanica Vanilla planifolia Vanilla pompona Verbascum virgatum Verbena bonariensis Verbena brasiliensis Verbena litoralis Vigna adenantha Vigna hosei Vigna speciosa Vigna unguiculata Vitex agnus-castus Vitex glabrata Vitex trifolia Washingtonia robusta Woodwardia radicans Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum Xanthosoma sagittifolium NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Bristleleaf Pricklyleaf Shrub Sunflower Bluewings; Wishbone Flower Confederate Jasmine Purplequeen Moses-In-The-Cradle; Oyster-Plant; Boatlily Wandering-Jew; Inchplant Burrnut; Jamaican Feverplant Puncturevine Bracted Snakegourd Coatbuttons Alsike Clover Red Clover White Clover; Dutch Clover Blue Fenugreek Martinique Trimezia Limeberry Sacramento Burrbark Christmasvine Yellow Alder; Ramgoat Dashalong Caesarweed Tannergrass Tropical Signalgrass Browntop Signalgrass Paragrass Creeping Signalgrass; Plantain Signalgrass Browntop Millet; Dixie Signalgrass Texas Signalgrass; Texas Millet Cow Soapwort; Cow Herb Commercial Vanilla West Indian Vanilla Wand Mullein Purpletop Vervain Brazilian Vervain Seashore Vervain Wild Pea Sarawak Bean Wondering Cowpea Blackeyed Pea; Cowpea Lilac Chastetree Smooth Chastetree Simpleleaf Chastetree Washington Fan Palm European Chain Fern Rough Cockleburr Arrowleaf Elephantear C-17 Family Name Asteraceae Asteraceae Veronicaceae Apocynaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Cucurbitaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Iridaceae Rutaceae Malvaceae Convolvulaceae Turneraceae Malvaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Arecaceae Blechnaceae Asteraceae Araceae Scientific Name Xyris jupicai Youngia japonica Zamia furfuracea Zea mays subsp. mexicana Zea mays subsp. parviglumis Zephyranthes citrina Zeuxine strateumatica Ziziphus mauritiana Zoysia japonica Zoysia matrella Zoysia tenuifolia NON NATIVE PLANTS OF SOUTH FLORIDA Common Name Richard's Yelloweyed Grass Oriental False Hawksbeard Cardboard Palm; Cardboard Cycad Teosinte Teosinte Yellow Zephyrlily Soldier's Orchid; Lawn Orchid Inidan Jujube Korean Templegrass; Japanese Lawngrass Manila Templegrass; Manilagrass Manila Templegrass; Mascarenegrass C-18 Family Name Xyridaceae Asteraceae Zamiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Amaryllidaceae Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Appendix D INVASIVE NON-NATIVE PLANTS IN SOUTH FLORIDA FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL'S 2007 LIST OF FLORIDA'S INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA CATEGORY I Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Abrus precatorius Rosary Pea; Blackeyed Susan Fabaceae Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia Fabaceae Albizia lebbeck Woman's Tongue Fabaceae Ardisia crenata Scratchthroat Fabaceae Ardisia elliptica Shoebutton Myrsinaceae Asparagus aethiopicus Sprenger's Asparagus-Fern Asparagaceae Bauhinia variegata Orchid Tree; Mountain Ebony Fabaceae Bischofia javanica Javanese Bishopwood Euphorbiaceae Calophyllum antillanum Santa Maria; Galba Clusiaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Australian-Pine; Horsetail Casuarina Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Gray Sheoak; Suckering Australian-Pine Casuarinaceae Cinnamomum camphora Camphortree Lauraceae Colocasia esculenta Wild Taro; Dasheen; Coco Yam Araceae Colubrina asiatica Latherleaf; Asian Nakedwood Rhamnaceae Cupaniopsis anacardioides Carrotwood Sapindaceae Dioscorea alata White Yam Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera Air-Potato Dioscoreaceae Eichhornia crassipes Common Water-Hyacinth Pontederiaceae Eugenia uniflora Surinam Cherry Myrtaceae Ficus microcarpa Indian Laurel Moraceae Hydrilla verticillata Waterthyme; Hydrilla Hydrocharitaceae Hygrophila polysperma Indian Swampweed Acanthaceae Hymenachne amplexicaulis Trompetilla Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass Poaceae Jasminum dichotomum Gold Coast Jasmine Oleaceae Jasminum fluminense Brazilian Jasmine; Jazmin De Trapo Oleaceae Lantana camara Lantana; Shrubverbena Verbenaceae Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Oleaceae Ludwigia peruviana Peruvian Primrosewillow Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lygodium japonicum Japanese Climbing Fern Schizaeaceae Lygodium microphyllum Small-Leaf Climbing Fern Schizaeaceae Macfadyena unguis-cati Catclawvine Bignoniaceae Manilkara zapota Sapodilla Sapotaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia Punktree Myrtaceae Mimosa pigra Black Mimosa Fabaceae Nephrolepis cordifolia Tuberous Sword Fern Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis multiflora Asian Sword Fern Nephrolepidaceae Neyraudia reynaudiana Burmareed; Silkreed Poaceae Paederia cruddasiana Sewervine Rubiaceae Paederia foetida Skunkvine Rubiaceae Panicum repens Torpedograss Poaceae Pennisetum purpureum Elephantgrass; Napiergrass Poaceae Pistia stratiotes Water-Lettuce Araceae D-1 FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL'S 2007 LIST OF FLORIDA'S INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA CATEGORY I Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Psidium cattleianum Strawberry Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Guava Myrtaceae Pueraria montana var. lobata Kudzu Fabaceae Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rose Myrtle Myrtaceae Rhynchelytrum repens Rose Natalgrass Poaceae Ruellia tweediana Britton's Wild Petunia; Mexican Bluebell Acanthaceae Sapium sebiferum Popcorntree; Chinese Tallowtree Euphorbiaceae Scaevola taccada Beach Naupaka Goodeniaceae Scaevola taccada var. sericea Beach Naupaka Goodeniaceae Schefflera actinophylla Australian Umbrella Tree; Octopus Tree Araliaceae Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper Anacardiaceae Senna pendula var. glabrata Valamuerto Fabaceae Solanum tampicense Aquatic Soda Apple Solanaceae Solanum viarum Tropical Soda Apple Solanaceae Syngonium podophyllum American Evergreen Araceae Syzygium cumini Java Plum Myrtaceae Tectaria incisa Incised Halberd Fern Dryopteridaceae Thespesia populnea Portia Tree Malvaceae Urochloa mutica Paragrass Poaceae D-2 FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL'S 2007 LIST OF FLORIDA'S INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA Category II Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Adenanthera pavonina Red Beadtree; Red Sandalwood Fabaceae Agave sisalana Sisal Hemp Agavaceae Alstonia macrophylla Deviltree Apocynaceae Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed Amaranthaceae Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine; Queen's Jewels Polygonaceae Aristolochia littoralis Elegant Dutchman's-Pipe; Calico Flower Aristolochiaceae Asystasia gangetica Chinese Violet Acanthaceae Begonia cucullata Wax Begonia; Club Begonia Begoniaceae Blechum pyramidatum Browne's Blechum Acanthaceae Broussonetia papyrifera Paper Mulberry Moraceae Callisia fragrans Basketplant Commelinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana River Sheoak Casuarinaceae Cecropia palmata = C. obtusifolia Trumpet Tree Cecropiaceae Cestrum diurnum Dayflowering Jessamine Solanaceae Chamaedorea seifrizii Bamboo Palm Arecaceae Cryptostegia madagascariensis Madagascar Rubbervine Apocynaceae Cyperus involucratus Umbrella Plant Cyperaceae Cyperus prolifer Miniature Flatsedge Cyperaceae Dalbergia sissoo Indian Rosewood Fabaceae Epipremnum pinnatum Golden Pothos Araceae Ficus altissima Council Tree Moraceae Flacourtia indica Governor's Plum Flacourtiaceae Hemarthria altissima Limpograss Poaceae Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa Bush Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Jasminum sambac Arabian Jasmine Oleaceae Kalanchoe pinnata Cathedral Bells; Life Plant Crassulaceae Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana Flamegold Sapindaceae Leucaena leucocephala White Leadtree Fabaceae Limnophila sessiliflora Asian Marshweed Veronicaceae Livistona chinensis Fountain Palm Arecaceae Melia azedarach Chinaberry Tree Meliaceae Melinis minutiflora Molassasgrass Poaceae Merremia tuberosa Spanish Arborvine; Yellow Morning-Glory Convolvulaceae Murraya paniculata = M. exotica Orange Jessamine Rutaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian Watermilfoil; Spike Watermilfoil Haloragaceae Nymphoides cristata Crested Floatingheart Menyanthaceae Panicum maximum = Urochloa maxima Guineagrass Poaceae Passiflora biflora Twolobe Passionflower Passifloraceae Pennisetum setaceum Fountaingrass Poaceae Phoenix reclinata Senegal Date Palm Arecaceae Pittosporum pentandrum Taiwanese Cheesewood Pittosporaceae Pteris vittata Chinese Ladder Brake Pteridaceae Ptychosperma elegans Alexander Palm; Solitaire Palm Arecaceae Ricinus communis Castorbean Euphorbiaceae D-3 FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL'S 2007 LIST OF FLORIDA'S INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA Category II Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Rotala rotundifolia Dwarf Rotala; Roundleaf Toothcup Lythraceae Sansevieria hyacinthoides Bowstring Hemp; Mother-In-Law's Tongue Ruscaceae Scleria lacustris Wright's Nutrush Cyperaceae Sesbania punicea Rattlebox Fabaceae Solanum diphyllum Twoleaf Nightshade Solanaceae Solanum torvum Turkeyberry Solanaceae Sphagneticola trilobata Creeping Oxeye Asteraceae Stachytarpheta cayennensis Nettleleaf Velvetberry Verbenaceae Syagrus romanzoffiana Queen Palm Arecaceae Syzygium jambos Malabar Plum; Rose Apple Myrtaceae Talipariti tiliaceum = Hibiscus tiliaceus Sea Hibiscus; Mahoe Malvaceae Terminalia catappa West Indian Almond Combretaceae Terminalia muelleri Australian Almond Combretaceae Tradescantia spathacea Moses-In-The-Cradle; Oyster-Plant; Boatlily Commelinaceae Tribulus cistoides Burrnut; Jamaican Feverplant Zygophyllaceae Urena lobata Caesarweed Malvaceae Vitex trifolia Simpleleaf Chastetree Lamiaceae Washingtonia robusta Washington Fan Palm Arecaceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium Arrowleaf Elephantear Araceae D-4