Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 257316, 2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2008.00265.x,
# 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation # Nordic Journal of Botany 2008
Subject Editor: Henrik Ærenlund Pedersen. Accepted 13 October 2008
An annotated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Laos
André Schuiteman, Pierre Bonnet, Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa and Daniel Barthélémy
A. Schuiteman (schuiteman@nhn.leidenuniv.nl), Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Univ. Leiden, PO Box 9514, NL2300 RA Leiden, the
Netherlands. P. Bonnet, CIRAD and UM2, UMR AMAP, FR34000 Montpellier, France. B. Svengsuksa, National Univ. of Lao PDR,
Faculty of Science, Dept of Biologie, PO Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos PDR. D. Barthe´le´my, INRA, UMR AMAP, FR34000 Montpellier,
France.
A checklist is presented of the orchid flora of Laos, enumerating 485 species in 108 genera. An estimate is given of the
expected size of the orchid flora of Laos. Notes on habitat, global and local distribution, endemism, conservation,
phenology, as well as a systematic overview complement the checklist.
Origin of the checklist
The checklist presented below grew out of a UNESCO
project (reference no. 27213102 LAO) and the ORCHIS
project (Bhttp://www.orchisasia.org/). The first, entitled
‘Systematic study of the wild orchids in Lao P.D.R. and
their conservation’, was conducted during the year 2005 by
Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa. Some 700 living orchid specimens, collected in various localities in Laos, formed the
basis for the first orchid collection at the National
University of Laos (NUOL) in Vientiane. The ORCHIS
project, which was carried out during the years 20062008
(Acknowledgements), had the objective to develop an
identification tool for a significant part of the orchid flora
of Laos. Among the main goals was to facilitate monitoring
and regulating the trade in these plants. To achieve these
aims it was mandatory to get a better insight into the
distribution and ecology of orchids in Laos. During thirty
field trips about 1400 carefully selected living plants were
collected, which were subsequently cultivated in the greenhouses at NUOL. In this way species that were not
encountered during anthesis could be studied and identified
as they flowered in cultivation.
The following localities have been visited in the course of
the ORCHIS project:
The tropical lowland forest of the Xe Pian NBCA
(National Biodiversity Conservation Area), Champasak province.
Various localities on the margin of the Bolovens
plateau, Champasak and Attapu provinces.
The Dong Ampham NBCA, Attapu province.
The karst formations of the Phou Hin Boun NBCA,
Khammouan province.
The Nakai plateau in the Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA,
Khammouan province.
The karst formations and montane forests in the Lak
Xao district, Bolikhamxai province.
Various sites in the Phou Khao Khouay NBCA,
Vientiane and Bolikhamxai provinces.
The Phou Phanang NBCA, Vientiane prefecture.
The Louangphrabang district, Louangphrabang province.
The Oudomxai district, Oudomxai province.
The Nam Ha NBCA and the districts of Xieng Kok
and Muang Sing, Louang Namtha province.
The districts of Ou Tai and Phongsali and the Phou
Den Dinh NBCA, Phongsali province.
Field trips by staff members of the National University of
Laos, as well as specimens assembled during the Darwin
project directed by Dr M. Newman and during the Biotik
project directed by Dr P. Grard, also enriched the living
collection.
As a result of these collecting activities, much of it
performed in areas never visited by botanists before, about
145 species and 19 genera of Orchidaceae could be added to
the orchid flora of Laos as described by Seidenfaden (1992).
In addition, for many species already known from Laos new
provincial records could be established.
An unfortunate omission in Seidenfaden’s otherwise
admirable publication is the complete lack of information
on such data as habitat, altitude and phenology. Where this
information was available it is incorporated in the present
checklist. For many species, however, even the most basic
ecological data are still wanting.
Work on our checklist commenced while the Darwin
project, which resulted in a checklist of the vascular plant
flora of Laos (Newman et al. 2007), was nearing its
completion. A preliminary version of our checklist was
published on the internet. This was (and at the time of
writing still is) regularly updated as new species records
257
came to light. With our consent this preliminary list (in its
February 2007 state) was incorporated in Newman et al.
(2007). However, since that time many more orchid species
have been identified as new for Laos. Moreover, our data on
collections, distribution, ecology and phenology were not
included in Newman et al. (2007). This, in our opinion,
justifies the publication of the present checklist, even
though many of our results were inevitably anticipated
in Newman et al. (2007). Since the section on Orchidaceae
in the latter is not only based on our preliminary list but on
other sources as well it contains a number of additional
species and province records. We have collected in the last
part of this paper those species records which in our opinion
require confirmation (see List of synonyms and questionable records in Newman et al. 2007). There we also list a
number of cases where our views on nomenclature and
synonymy are at variance.
The aim of our checklist is thus to present an overview of
all orchid species currently recorded from Laos, combining
results from the ORCHIS project and previous studies,
including information on species distribution, habitat and
phenology. Apart from the obvious functions that such a
checklist fulfils we consider the fact that our work clearly
outlines the still considerable gaps in our knowledge
another useful property. We hope it will stimulate scientific
exploration and botanical research in Laos.
Estimated size of the Lao orchid flora
The flora of Laos has so far received much less attention
from botanists than some of the neighbouring countries,
such as Thailand or Vietnam (Newman et al. 2007). As a
result, the orchid flora in particular is still very poorly
known (Schuiteman and de Vogel 2000). The most recent
critical overview of the orchid flora of Laos is contained in a
major work on the Orchidaceae of Indochina (Seidenfaden
1992). In that publication 335 species of Orchidaceae are
recorded from Laos. Even if we take into account the
smaller surface area of Laos compared to Thailand and
Vietnam it is obvious that this figure must be a gross
underestimate of the actual number of orchid species
occurring naturally in this country (Table 1, based on
figures from Schuiteman and de Vogel 2000 and Averyanov
2003).
Assuming that the orchid diversity of Laos is comparable
to that of Vietnam (in terms of number of species per
100 km2) and taking into account that according to
Averyanov (2003) at most 80% of the species of that
country have been recorded, we can deduce from this table
that the actual number of orchid species in Laos should be
close to 800.
Table 1. Comparison between the Orchid flora of Laos, as presently
known, and that of neighbouring countries.
Country
Laos
Thailand
Vietnam
258
Surface area (km2) Orchid species Species per 100 km2
236 800
514 000
330 991
485
1100
897
0.2048
0.2140
0.2710
An alternative way to estimate the orchid diversity of
Laos is to take the number of species currently recorded
(485 according to our checklist) and to add the number of
species that may be expected to occur in Laos based on an
analysis of distributional and ecological data. In this way we
arrive at an estimate of 831 species. Since these two
estimates are very similar they may contain more than a
grain of truth, even though they are not completely
independent.
Another indication that our current checklist is still far
from complete is the fact that for several provinces there are
hardly any records at all (see Local distribution). It is also
worth pointing out that Laos contains the largest part of the
central Indochina limestone belt (Rundel 1999). Schmid
(1974) suggests that this area is rich in endemic species, but
poorly known at present. Furthermore, this habitat type is
already recognized in the neighbouring countries as being a
particularly rich one (Shui and Chen 2006), especially in
orchids (Averyanov et al. 2003). Many new records in our
checklist, for example of rare species like Eparmatostigma
dives (Rchb. f.) Garay (Schuiteman and Bonnet 2008) and
Thaia saprophytica Seidenf. (Schuiteman et al. in press), are
due to field trips conducted at the margin of this largely
unexplored and almost impenetrable area.
It may be of interest to note that the following genera,
according to our analyses, are expected to occur in Laos,
although they are absent from the checklist: Acanthephippium, Adenoncos, Amitostigma, Armodorum (but see List of
synonyms and questionable records in Newman et al.
2007), Cremastra, Cryptochilus, Cryptostylis, Didymoplexiella, Didymoplexiopsis, Didymoplexis, Diglyphosa, Diplomeris, Dipodium, Eriodes, Erythrodes, Galeola, Grosourdya,
Hemipilia, Herminium, Herpysma, Lecanorchis, Ludisia,
Macropodanthus, Microsaccus, Neuwiedia, Phreatia, Platanthera, Rhomboda, Stereochilus (recently one as yet
unidentified and possibly undescribed species from Laos
came to our notice; see Endemism), Stereosandra, Thecopus,
Tuberolabium, Vrydagzynea, and Yoania.
Local distribution
At the province level it becomes even more apparent that
Laos is still severely underexplored botanically. Our findings confirm the pattern shown by Newman et al. (2007),
who demonstrated that for some provinces there are hardly
any floristic data available. Especially the four northern
provinces (Bokeo, Louang Namtha, Oudomxai and Phongsali) are very poorly represented in their checklist of the
vascular plants of Laos, while the same applies to Xekong in
the south and to the central province of Xaisomboun. This
is of course a mere artifact of collecting and in no way
reflects a lower diversity of these ‘neglected’ provinces. The
validity of this statement is easily demonstrated by the fact
that during a few short excursions to the Phongsali Province
the present authors and their co-workers were able to record
about 85 orchid species. In the checklist of Newman et al.
(2007) the whole known vascular plant flora of Phongsali,
which has an area of 16 270 km2, amounted to 66 species,
including only 7 species of Orchidaceae. Our map (Fig. 1),
analogous to the map in Newman et al. (2007), shows the
provincial subdivisions of Laos and the number of orchid
Biermannia, 3 of Bulbophyllum, 1 of Cleisostoma, 1 of Eria, 1
of Habenaria, 1 of Holcoglossum (Schuiteman and Bonnet in
press), 2 of Liparis, 1 of Robiquetia, 1 of Stereochilus and 1 of
Vanilla. Pending further evidence we must consider these as
endemic. They would raise the number of endemic species to
24.
Conservation
Figure 1. Map of Laos, showing number of orchid species known
from each province.
species known from each province according to our checklist. For the purpose of this checklist we have combined the
two administrative regions Vientiane Province and Vientiane Municipality (on the map separated by a dotted line)
into a single province. This is mainly to avoid the problem
that for older records it is often difficult to decide in which
present day administrative region they belong. Evidently,
much basic exploration work still needs to be done in Laos.
This also includes the provinces from which a relatively
larger number of species have been recorded.
Endemism
The number of endemic orchid species in Laos is surprisingly low when we compare for example the orchid flora of
Vietnam (158 endemic species or 17.6%, based on data
from Averyanov and Averyanova 2003). Only 11 species
(2.3%) are so far exclusively known from Laos (Table 2).
It is likely that exploration of remote areas, especially those
at higher altitudes, will lead to the discovery of additional
endemic orchid species. During our own field work (see
Origin of the checklist) we have collected a number of species
that appear to be undescribed. This includes 1 species of
Table 2. Endemic Orchidaceae of Laos.
Brachycorythis thorelii (Gagnep.) Summerh.
Bulbophyllum coweniorum J. J. Verm. & P. O’Byrne
Bulbophyllum laoticum Gagnep.
Bulbophyllum sanguineopunctatum Seidenf. & Kerr
Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii Kerr
Bulbophyllum violaceolabellum Seidenf.
Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.
Coelogyne sudora Schuit. & de Vogel
Dendrobium lamyaiae Seidenf.
Liparis brunneolobata Kerr
Oberonia delacourii Gagnep.
When seen from space Laos is easily recognised as an
elongated patch of green surrounded by the browns and
yellows of cultivated and deforested land in the neighbouring countries. Due to the low population density the
destruction of nature in Laos is less obvious than in most
other countries in southeast Asia. Nevertheless, even here
much wildlife is severely threatened. Most of Laos (including nature reserves) is now covered with young secondary
forest where hardly any orchids can be found. Primeval, or
at least old growth, forest is hard to find, except in the most
inaccessible places, and it is rapidly being destroyed for
timber or simply to clear the land for farming. Due to the
strongly seasonal climate of most parts of Laos, orchid
populations are often highly localised in relatively small
spots where the microclimate is favourable for these plants
(hilltops with cloud formation, the surroundings of waterfalls, stream banks, etc.). This makes orchids particularly
vulnerable to another threat: overcollecting.
Orchids are collected on a massive scale by members of
the local population, who often make some extra income by
selling orchids to collectors from Thailand and Vietnam.
This explains, for example, how one of the few endemic
orchid species of Laos, the red-flowered Dendrobium
lamyaiae, could be ‘discovered’ first in a nursery in
Thailand. As far as we can tell, this species only occurs in
the Phou Khao Khouay reserve not far from the capital
Vientiane. Another endemic, the recently described Coelogyne sudora, likewise was found in a batch of plants from a
Thai nursery that originated from Laos. In this case we do
not even know in which province it occurs in the wild. On
more than one occasion villagers have told us, when we
came looking for orchids near their village, that we should
have come a few years earlier, before all the orchids were
collected!
A different kind of trade, perhaps even more damaging, is
the large-scale collecting of certain species of Dendrobium
(e.g. D. chrysotoxum, D. pulchellum, D. nobile, D. gratiosissimum, D. aphyllum and related species) for the Chinese
medicine industry. We have reliable information that a
particular exporter in central Laos sent more than 100 000
kg of dried Dendrobium stems of plants taken from the wild
to China in a single year. This must have been only a
fraction of what was actually collected and discarded. These
are clearly unsustainable practices, which have become
illegal since the Lao PDR joined CITES in 2005. However,
enforcement is still a problem, and CITES is powerless
against habitat destruction and collecting for the local
market. The need for a better knowledge of the Lao orchid
flora, for the implementation of sound management
policies and for effective protection is therefore apparent.
The protection of the remaining old growth forests is
especially urgent and we would like to plea for a policy
259
under which in every logging area representative patches of
the forest, to be chosen by conservationists, should remain
untouched as a sanctuary for biodiversity.
Phenology
Most of Laos has a strongly seasonal climate, with a rainy
season lasting from May to October and a dry season lasting
from November to April. The dry season can be subdivided
into a cool dry period, from October to February, and a hot
dry period, during March and April. The phenology of
orchids in Laos reflects this seasonality. Most species possess
a definite flowering period, usually lasting about one or two
months. Individual specimens normally have a much
shorter flowering span. It is interesting to note that different
genera may display different phenological patterns (Table
3). For example, Dendrobium clearly has a peak during
March, April and May, which corresponds with the hot dry
period. Bulbophyllum, on the other hand, has its peak
during the cool dry period, October to January. There can
be little doubt that these patterns are directly related to the
availability of pollinators. In this respect Bulbophyllum and
Dendrobium are clearly differentiated, with Dendrobium
mainly showing adaptations to bee pollination (Lavarack
et al. 2000, Wood 2006), while Bulbophyllum is in many
cases evidently adapted to fly pollination (Dressler 1993).
In both genera the flowers usually do not offer any reward.
This is an important observation, since it implies that the
presence of pollinators (co-)determines the seasonality of
flowering, not the other way around, as could be the case
when flowers offer a reward. It may be hypothesised that
Dendrobium species tend to flower just before the main
food sources of the bees come into flower. In this way they
could attract inexperienced young bees that probe every
flower, even deceptive ones. Bulbophyllum species, on the
other hand, should flower when flies are present in large
numbers. We can image that during the cool dry season the
fly populations are relatively high since in this season more
animals die (due to drought and lack of food) than during
the rainy season. As a result, it would be an optimal strategy
for Bulbophyllum species to flower during the cool dry
season. It should be noted that for most orchid species in
Laos the pollinators are still unknown.
Unfortunately, for 26% of the orchid species we currently
have no records of flowering months in Laos. Nevertheless,
Table 3. Number of species recorded in flower, in Laos, per month.
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
260
All orchids
Dendrobium
Bulbophyllum
47
56
62
75
77
76
79
72
50
64
63
46
8
17
29
27
21
14
18
14
8
8
8
6
12
8
3
3
4
7
4
11
5
11
15
14
it is fairly clear that the period from April to August, largely
in the rainy season, contains the months with the highest
number of flowering orchid species. In July around 22% of
the species have been found in flower. December and
January, as well as September, respectively in the middle of
the cool dry season and towards the end of the rainy season,
are the months with the lowest number of flowering orchid
species recorded. The dip during December and January is
perhaps not surprising, since this falls more or less in the
middle of the dry season, when both physiological conditions and reduced availability of pollinators would be less
favourable for flowering (with exceptions like Bulbophyllum). On the other hand, it is somewhat puzzling that in
September only about 13% of the species have been found
in flower. This could just be a case of collectors’ bias:
accessibility of orchid habitats may well be especially
difficult during September, after months of heavy rain. If
the phenomenon is real, however, it would be interesting to
find an explanation.
These figures show that single collecting expeditions,
during which only flowering plants are collected and
preserved, will typically miss at least 80% of the orchid
species present.
Information on phenology in the checklist is based on
observations made in the field or in the greenhouses at the
National University in Vientiane. In most cases for which
this could be ascertained, flowering in Vientiane occurs in
the same months as in the wild. As a matter of fact, even in
cultivation in Europe many orchids from Laos still flower
during the same months as their wild counterparts.
Additional records were also taken from the literature
(Kerr 1933, 1969, 1971).
Systematic overview
The 108 orchid genera currently known from Laos are here
classified according to the system proposed by Chase et al.
(2003), also applied in Pridgeon et al. (1999, 2001, 2003,
2005).
The number of species known from Laos (including
unidentified and/or possibly undescribed species that are
not listed in the checklist) and the total number of species
in the genus are indicated between brackets. Tribes are only
shown when they are not subdivided into subtribes.
A question mark indicates genera of uncertain systematic
position.
Subfamily Apostasioideae
Genus: Apostasia (2/8)
Subfamily Cypripedioideae
Genus: Paphiopedilum (10/70)
Subfamily Vanilloideae
Subtribe: Vanillinae
Genera: Cyrtosia (1/7) Erythrorchis (1/4), Vanilla
(3/100)
Subfamily Orchidoideae
Subtribe: Orchidinae
Genera: Brachycorythis (4/32), Habenaria (21/600),
Pecteilis (3/8), Peristylus (3/70)
Subtribe: Goodyerinae
Genera: Anoectochilus (3/40), Cheirostylis (3/22),
Goodyera (1/50), Myrmechis (1/12), Zeuxine
(3/50)
Subtribe: Spiranthinae
Genus: Spiranthes (1/30)
Subfamily Epidendroideae
Tribe: Tropidieae
Genera: Corymborkis (1/8), Tropidia (3/35)
Tribe: Neottieae
Genera: Aphyllorchis (1/15), Cephalanthera
(1/14), ?Thaia (1/1)
Tribe: Nervilieae
Genera: Nervilia (4/65), ?Epipogium (1/2)
Tribe: Gastrodieae
Genus: Gastrodia (1/16)
Tribe: Malaxideae
Genera: Liparis (15/250), Malaxis (8/300),
Oberonia (11/300)
Subtribe: Arethusinae
Genera: Anthogonium (1/1), Arundina (2/2)
Subtribe: Coelogyninae
Genera: Coelogyne (18/190), Neogyna (1/1), Otochilus
(1/4), Panisea (2/7), Pholidota (7/28), Pleione
(1/15), Thunia (1/5)
Subtribe: Collabiinae
Genera: Calanthe (6/150), Chrysoglossum (1/4),
Collabium (1/11), Mischobulbum (2/8),
Nephelaphyllum (1/12), Pachystoma (1/8),
Phaius (5/45), Plocoglottis (1/40),
Spathoglottis (4/37), Tainia (3/14)
Subtribe: Eulophiinae
Genera: Acriopsis (2/6), Eulophia (8/250), Geodorum
(1/8), Thecostele (1/1)
Subtribe: Cymbidiinae
Genera: Cymbidium (10/45), Grammatophyllum
(1/10)
Subtribe: Bromheadiinae
Genus: Bromheadia (2/28)
Subtribe: Eriinae
Genera: Ceratostylis (3/100), Eria (27/375), Porpax
(3/18), Trichotosia (3/77)
Subtribe: Podochilinae
Genera: Appendicula (2/100), Podochilus (1/60)
Subtribe: Thelasiinae
Genus: Thelasis (1/20)
Subtribe: Agrostophyllinae
Genus: Agrostophyllum (2/85)
Subtribe: Polystachyinae
Genus: Polystachya (1/150)
Subtribe: Dendrobiinae
Genera: Bulbophyllum (68/1900),
Dendrobium (85/1100), Drymoda (2/2),
Epigeneium (2/40), Flickingeria(2/60),
Sunipia (2/18), Trias (3/11)
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genera: Acampe (3/5), Aerides (6/20),
Arachnis (1/13), Ascocentrum (2/12),
Ascolabium (1/2), Biermannia (1/9),
Brachypeza (1/7), Chiloschista (2/15),
Cleisomeria (2/2), Cleisostoma (10/90),
Cryptopylos (1/1), Diploprora (1/2),
Eparmatostigma (1/1), Gastrochilus (2/38),
Holcoglossum (3/12), Hygrochilus (1/1),
Luisia (8/30), Malleola (1/20),
Micropera (1/12), Ornithochilus (1/3),
Papilionanthe (1/10), Pelatantheria (2/5),
Phalaenopsis (4/60), Pomatocalpa (5/35),
Pteroceras (1/25), Renanthera (1/15),
Rhynchostylis (3/4), Robiquetia (3/40),
Sarcoglyphis (2/10), Schoenorchis (1/20),
Seidenfadenia (1/1), Smitinandia (2/3),
Stereochilus (1/6); Taeniophyllum (1/170),
Thrixspermum (6/140),
Trichoglottis (6/60), Vanda (8/45),
Vandopsis (2/4)
Sources
This checklist is based on the following sources:
1. Collections at the National University of Laos. This
includes all numbers in the OL and PB series cited.
These refer to living plants, mainly but not exclusively
collected for the ORCHIS project, that were photographed and of which floral parts were preserved in
alcohol at NUOL. At a late stage during the project,
owing to CITES registration of NUOL, duplicates of
part of the spirit material could be sent to the
National Herbarium of the Netherlands at Leiden
(L). In some cases only photographs taken in the field
were available. Digital copies of most of the photographs taken by P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman and V.
Vannachak are available at NUOL, CIRAD and L.
2. Seidenfaden (1992).
261
3. Newman et al. (2007).
4. Recent literature containing either taxonomic revisions or descriptions of new taxa.
5. Reliably identified material from cultivated origin.
(NUOL cult. OL300 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, often growing in the
shade near a stream or waterfall, 1701077 m a.s.l. January,
November, December.
Checklist
Records in this checklist consist of the following data:
1. Accepted taxon name and author(s), with indication
of section name for the genera Bulbophyllum, Coelogyne, Dendrobium and Eria. For the sectional classification of Bulbophyllum we follow Vermeulen (pers.
comm.; in Vermeulen’s classification section Cirrhopetalum will be split up in a number of smaller
sections, but since this has yet to be published we here
retain this section in the broad sense).
2. Synonyms (where applicable).
3. Global distribution.
4. Distribution in Laos at the province level, with
citations of material not listed by Seidenfaden (1992)
or Newman et al. (2007). For collections already
listed by Seidenfaden, here cited with ‘S’, we only
indicate the province, as far as we were able to
ascertain. Several localities listed by Seidenfaden are
ambiguous or could not be found. These are cited
between quotes (e.g. ‘Bolovens’, which can be either
in Champasak or in Attapu province most records
are probably in Champasak). In Laos many provincial capitals carry the same name as the province they
belong to. In the checklist these names always refer
to the province. We follow the spelling of names of
provinces adopted by Newman et al. (2007), except
for Louang Namtha. Province records absent from
Seidenfaden (1992) but present in Newman et al.
(2007) are here cited with ‘N’.
5. Habitat in Laos (if known).
6. Altitudinal range in Laos (if known).
7. Flowering months in Laos (if known).
8. Notes (where applicable).
More accurate locality data than are presented here are kept
in a database, with copies at NUOL, CIRAD and the
National Herbarium of the Netherlands.
We have not followed the recent taxonomic changes in
the genera Malaxis and Eria as proposed in Pridgeon et al.
(2005), since the required combinations under the relevant
generic names are not all available yet. Moreover, especially
in the case of Eria we feel that more research is needed in
order to establish a stable classification.
Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl.
Acampe carinata (Griff.) Panigrahi; Saccolabium carinatum Griff.;
Saccolabium papillosum Lindl.
India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL221 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL351 [S. Sopraseuth]; S).
Lowlands. January, November, December.
Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P. F. Hunt
Acampe intermedia Rchb. f.; Acampe longifolia (Lindl.) Lindl.;
Acampe multiflora (Lindl.) Lindl.; Acampe penangiana Ridl.;
Acampe wightiana (Wight) Lindl. var. longepedunculata Trimen;
Aerides rigida Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.; Cymbidium praemorsum Buch.Ham. ex Wall.; Gastrochilus longifolius (Lindl.) Kuntze; Saccolabium longifolium (Lindl.) Hook. f.; Vanda longifolia Lindl.; Vanda
multiflora Lindl.; Vanda viminea Guillaumin.
Southern and east Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Burma, China,
Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Attapu (NUOL cult. OL313 [V. Lamxay et al.]);
Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, S. Luang Aphay;
photo]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL82 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]; N); Houaphan (N); Khammouan (sight record
[P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Vannachak; photo]; S);
Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB219); Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL1082 [P. Bonnet, K. Nanthavong, B. Svengsuksa];
P. Bonnet PB474; S); Xaignabouri (S).
Epiphyte on tree trunks or large branches in riverine and
secondary forest, also lithophytic on the summit of limestone hills, often in exposed positions, 210737 m a.s.l.
SeptemberNovember.
Acriopsis indica Wight
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, lesser Sunda Is., Philippines. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL814
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL381 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S).1500 m a.s.l. February.
Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr.
Acriopsis liliifolia (J. Koenig) Ormerod
Acampe dentata Lindl.; Saccolabium lineolatum Thwaites; Saccolabium ochraceum Lindl.
Acriopsis annamica Finet; Acriopsis floribunda Ames; Acriopsis
griffithii Rchb. f.; Acriopsis harai Tuyama; Acriopsis insularisilvatica Fukuy.; Acriopsis javanica Reinw. ex Blume; Acriopsis
javanica Reinw. ex Blume var. floribunda (Ames) Minderh. & de
Vogel; Acriopsis javanica Reinw. ex Blume var. nelsoniana (F. M.
Bailey) J. J. Sm.; Acriopsis nelsoniana F. M. Bailey; Acriopsis
nelsoniana F. M. Bailey var. pallidiflora Schltr.; Acriopsis papuana
Sri Lanka, India (NE, Deccan), Bhutan, Burma, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB417; S); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL237 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
262
Kraenzl.; Acriopsis philippinensis Ames; Acriopsis picta Lindl.;
Epidendrum liliifolium J. Koenig; Spathoglottis trivalvis Lindl.
?India (NE), ?Burma, Thailand, ?Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea,
Philippines, Australia, Solomon Is. Laos: Attapu (sight
record [P. Bonnet; photo]); Champasak (S).
Epiphyte. January, February, December.
Aerides crassifolia Parish ex Burb.
Aerides crassifolia Parish & Rchb. f.
Burma,
(NUOL
(NUOL
(NUOL
(NUOL
Thailand,
Vietnam.
Laos:
Champasak
cult. OL167 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
cult. OL697 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Saravan
cult. OL218 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane
cult. OL1052 [S. Sopraseuth]; S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. MarchMay.
Aerides falcata Lindl.
Aerides larpentae Hort. ex Rchb. f.; Aerides mendelii Hort. ex E.
Morren; Aerides retrofracta Wall. ex Hook. f.; Aerides siamensis
Klinge.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, T. Keokene PB200; N); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL311 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL908 [M. Newman et al.];
S); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1125
[P. Bonnet]; S); Xaisomboun (NUOL cult. OL366 [V.
Lamxay et al.]).
Epiphyte on small trees in secondary forest, 170300 m
a.s.l. MarchJune.
Aerides houlletiana Rchb. f.
?Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1023 [V. Lamxay et al.]);
Saravan (NUOL cult. OL253 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane
(S).
700 m a.s.l. MarchMay.
[V. Lamxay et al.]); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL304
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL345
[S. Sopraseuth]; S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. May.
Aerides odorata Lour.
Aeeridium odorum Salisb.; Aerides ballantiniana Rchb. f.;
Aerides cornuta Roxb.; Aerides dayana Hort. ex Guillaumin; Aerides
duquesnei Regnier ex Constantin; Aerides flavida Lindl.;
Aerides jucunda Rchb. f.; Aerides latifolia (Thunb. ex Sw.) Sw.;
Aerides micholitzii Rolfe; Aerides nobilis R. Warner; Aerides odorata
Lour. var. annamensis Costantin; Aerides odorata Lour. var. celebica
J. J. Sm.; Aerides odorata Lour. var. pallida Guillaumin; Aerides
reichenbachii Linden ex Rchb. f.; Aerides reichenbachii Linden ex
Rchb. f. var. cochinchinensis Hort. ex Rchb. f.; Aerides rohaniana
Rchb. f.; Aerides suaveolens Blume; Aerides suavissima Lindl.;
Aerides suavissima Lindl. var. ballantineana (Rchb. f.) Veitch;
Aerides virens Lindl.; Aerides wilsoniana Hort.; Epidendrum aerides
Raeusch.; Epidendrum cornutum Raeusch.; Epidendrum odoratum
Poir.; Epidendrum spathulatum J. Koenig; Limodorum latifolium
Thunb. ex Sw.; Orxera cornuta (Roxb.) Raf.; Polytoma odorifera
Lour. ex B. A. Gomes.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, Moluccas, Philippines. Laos: Attapu (NUOL
cult. OL282 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL126 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult.
OL1379 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Houaphan (NUOL cult.
OL672 [Toulavanh]); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL307
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL349
[S. Sopraseuth]; S).
Epiphyte in (secondary) lowland (dipterocarp) forest, also
lithophytic on large boulders among spiny Euphorbia
species. AprilJuly.
Aerides rosea Lodd.
Aerides fieldingii Lodd. ex E. Morren.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Agrostophyllum brevipes King & Pantl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan,
Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Aerides multiflora Roxb.
Aerides affinis Wall. ex Lindl.; Aerides godefroyana Rchb. f.; Aerides
lobbii Hort. ex Lem.; Cleisostoma vacherotiana Guillaumin;
Epidendrum geniculatum Buch.-Ham. ex Lindl.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL68 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL298 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Saravan (NUOL cult. OL209
Agrostophyllum planicaule (Wall. ex Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Agrostophyllum hasseltii Rchb. f.; Agrostophyllum khasiyanum Griff.;
Appendicula hasseltii auct. non Blume: Wight; Eria planicaulis
Wall. ex Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (NUOL cult.
OL289 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
263
OL1094 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]);
Champasak (P. Bonnet PB525; S); Louangphrabang (S);
Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL468 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1193 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Apostasia odorata Blume
Apostasia platystylis J. J. Sm.; Apostasia selebica J. J. Sm.; Apostasia
thorelii Gagnep.; Mesodactylis odorata (Blume) Endl.
Epiphyte in humid secondary and riverine forest growing in
the shade, 169759 m a.s.l. JulySeptember.
India, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Moluccas. Laos: Xaignabouri (S).
Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe
Apostasia wallichii R. Br.
Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Xiangkhoang
(S).
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.
Anoectochilus latomaculatus Hort. ex Blume; Anoectochilus lobbianus Planch.; Anoectochilus setaceuspictus Hort. ex C. Koch &
Lauche; Anoectochilus xanthophyllus Hort. ex Rolfe; Chrysobaphus
roxburghii Wall.; Zeuxine roxburghii (Lindl.) Hiroe.
Apostasia alba Rolfe; Apostasia curvata J. J. Sm.; Apostasia gracilis
Rolfe; Apostasia lucida Blume ex Siebe; Apostasia nipponica
Masam.; Apostasia papuana Schltr.; Apostasia stylidioides
(F. Muell.) Rchb. f.; Apostasia wallichii R. Br. var. nipponica
(Masam.) Masam.; Apostasia wallichii R. Br. subsp. nipponica
(Masam.) Masam.; Apostasia wallichii R. Br. var. seraweiensis J. J.
Sm.; Mesodactylis deflexa Wall.; Mesodactylis wallichii (R. Br.)
Endl.; Niemeyera stylidioides F. Muell.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Zhejiang,
Guangdong, Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB617);
Khammouan (S).
Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1096 [D. Barthélémy,
P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]); Champasak (N); Louangphrabang (N); unspecified (S).
Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest close to a large
river, 1245 m a.s.l. November.
Terrestrial in moist humus-rich soil in dense secondary
evergreen forest on a plain, 169 m a.s.l. May.
Anoectochilus tortus (King & Pantl.) King & Pantl.
Appendicula cornuta Blume
Anoectochilus duplex Holttum; Anoectochilus repens (Downie)
Seidenf. & Smitinand; Odontochilus repens Downie; Odontochilus
tortus King & Pantl.; Pristiglottis torta (King & Pantl.) Aver.
Appendicula bifaria Lindl. ex Benth.; Appendicula brachiata
(Schltr.) Schltr.; Appendicula cyclopetala (Schltr.) Schltr.; Appendicula manilensis (Schauer) Miq.; Appendicula manilensis (Schauer)
Rchb. f.; Appendicula reduplicata Parish & Rchb. f.; Dendrobium
manilense Schauer; Dendrobium pseudorevolutum Guillaumin;
Podochilus brachiatus Schltr.; Podochilus cornutus (Blume) Schltr.;
Podochilus cyclopetalus Schltr.
Bhutan, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy,
P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB614).
Terrestrial in humid evergreen forest in deep shade, 1245 m
a.s.l. November, December.
Anthogonium gracile Wall. ex Lindl.
Anthogonium corydaloides Schltr.; Anthogonium griffithii Rchb. f.
Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud
PB593); Houaphan (S); Saravan (S).
Terrestrial on open moss-covered rocky plateau surrounded
by wet evergreen forest, 1245 m a.s.l. October, November.
India (NE), Burma, China (Hongkong, Hainan), Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL1215 [P. Bonnet]).
Lithophyte on an overgrown rock near a small stream in
dense evergreen gallery forest, 790 m a.s.l. July, October.
Appendicula torta Blume
Appendicula rhodiola Rchb. f.; Appendicula torta Blume var. alba J.
J. Sm.; Podochilus tortus (Blume) Schltr.
Aphyllorchis evrardii Gagnep.
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A.
Schuiteman PB93).
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (sight record [B.
Svengsuksa; photo]).
Epiphyte in secondary forest at the base of a steep limestone
hill, 342 m a.s.l. June.
264
Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f.
Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr.
Arachnanthe bilinguis (Rchb. f.) Benth.; Arachnis bilinguis (Rchb.
f.) Ho; Armodorum labrosum (Lindl. & Paxton) Schltr.; Arrhynchium labrosum Lindl. & Paxton; Renanthera bilinguis Rchb. f.;
Renanthera labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f.
Ascocentrum garayi Christenson; Gastrochilus miniatus
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Saccolabium miniatum Lindl.; Saccolabium
miniatum Lindl. var. citrinum Rchb. f.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is.,
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL195
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1211 [P.
Bonnet]). July, August.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL190 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Vientiane (sight record [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. FebruaryApril.
Arundina caespitosa Aver.
Ascolabium pusillum (Aver.) Aver.
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1100 [D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL299 [V. Lamxay et al.]; P. Bonnet,
P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB11); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1222 [P. Bonnet]).
Ascocentropsis pusilla (Aver.) Senghas & K. Schildh.; Ascocentrum
pusillum Aver.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1439); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
January, December.
Lithophyte (rheophyte) on rocks in and along stream beds in
secondary forest; also terrestrial on sandy soil in deciduous
dipterocarp forest, 307770 m a.s.l. AugustNovember.
Biermannia aff. calcarata Aver.
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.
Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB265).
Arundina affinis Griff.; Arundina bambusifolia Lindl.; Arundina
chinensis Blume; Arundina chinensis Blume var. major S. Y. Hu;
Arundina densa Lindl.; Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.
var. chinensis (Blume) S. S. Ying; Arundina graminifolia (D. Don)
Hochr. var. revoluta (Hook. f.) A. L. Lamb; Arundina kanehirae
Yamam.; Arundina maculata J. J. Sm.; Arundina meyenii (Schauer)
Rchb. f.; Arundina minor Lindl.; Arundina philippii Rchb. f.;
Arundina pulchella Teijsm. & Binn.; Arundina pulchra Miq.;
Arundina revoluta Hook. f.; Arundina revoluta Hook. f. var.
borneensis J. J. Sm.; Arundina sanderiana Kraenzl.; Arundina
speciosa Blume; Arundina speciosa Blume var. sarasinorum Schltr.;
Arundina stenopetala Gagnep.; Arundina tahitensis Nadeaud; Bletia
graminifolia D. Don; Corymbis angustifolia Miq.; Cymbidium
bambusifolium Roxb.; Cymbidium meyenii Schauer; Donacopsis
laotica Gagnep.; Limodorum graminifolium (D. Don) Buch.-Ham.
ex Hook. f.; Ophrys arundinacea Noronha.
Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan,
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is. Laos:
Champasak (S); Houaphan (S); Phongsali (sight record [P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay]); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte on twigs in the canopy of humid evergreen
montane forest along a small river. 907 m a.s.l. May, June.
Note: probably an undescribed species. The type of B.
calcarata is from Vietnam.
Brachycorythis acuta (Rchb. f.) Summerh.
Gymnadenia acuta Rchb. f.
India (NE), Thailand, Cambodia. Laos: Khammouan (N);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb. f.) Summerh.
Gymnadenia helferi Rchb. f.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
700 m a.s.l. July.
Terrestrial in open roadside vegetation.
Note: some of Seidenfaden’s records may be referable to the
recently described A. caespitosa Aver.
Brachycorythis laotica (Gagnep.) Summerh.
Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr.
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (S).
Aerides ampullacea Roxb.; Gastrochilus ampullaceus (Roxb.)
Kuntze; Oeceoclades ampullacea (Roxb.) Lindl. ex Voigt; Saccolabium ampullaceum (Roxb.) Lindl.; Saccolabium rubrum Lindl.
Brachycorythis thorelii (Gagnep.) Summerh.
India (NW and NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China,
Andaman Is., Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. April.
Habenaria laotica Gagnep.
Habenaria thorelii Gagnep.; Phyllomphax thorelii (Gagnep.) Tang
& F. T. Wang.
Laos: Champasak (S).
265
Brachypeza laotica (Seidenf.) Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum allenkerrii Seidenf. (Anisopetalon)
Pteroceras laoticum Seidenf.
Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman,
P. Bonnet, D. Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]); Khammouan
(P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB20);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB249);
Vientiane (S).
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB519);
Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. MayJuly.
Bromheadia aporoides Rchb.f.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL660 [Savieng]); Champasak (P. Bonnet PB512); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1173 [M. Newman et al.]);
Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on tree trunks in mixed deciduous forest and in
secondary dry evergreen forest dominated by Fagaceae,
5381300 m a.s.l. AugustOctober.
Bulbophyllum angusteovatum Seidenf. (Monanthes)
Thailand. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden
cult. SBG-O 1609 and 3552, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
1701600 m a.s.l. MarchJuly.
Bulbophyllum averyanovii Seidenf. (Lemniscatae)
Bromheadia finlaysoniana (Lindl.) Miq.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (photos seen).
December.
Bromheadia palustris Lindl.; Bromheadia palustris Lindl. var. papuana
J. J.Sm.; Bromheadia palustris Lindl. var. sylvestris (Ridl.) Holttum;
Bromheadia pulchra Schltr.; Bromheadia sylvestris Ridl.; Bromheadia
venusta T. E. Hunt; Coelogyne caulescens Griff.; Grammatophyllum
finlaysonianum Lindl.; Pleione caulescens (Griff.) Kuntze.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea,
Australia. Laos: ‘Semmoun’ (S; probably Champasak).
Bulbophyllum abbrevilabium Carr (Epicrianthes)
Epicranthes abbrevilabia (Carr) Garay & W. Kittr.; Epicranthes
annamensis Guillaumin.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: unspecified
(Singapore Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O 3553, det. J. J.
Vermeulen).
Bulbophyllum affine Lindl. (Sestochilus)
Phyllorchis affinis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Sarcopodium affine Lindl. &
Paxton.
India (NE), Bhutan, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Nepal, Ryukyu Archipelago. Laos: Bolikhamxai (N);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1156 [M. Newman et al.];
N); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, V. Lamxay PB326);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB237;
P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB579);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL387 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S);
‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous hill forest and in (secondary)
evergreen montane forest dominated by Fagaceae, 874
1500 m a.s.l. MayAugust.
Note: one of the most frequent epiphytic orchids in
northern Laos.
266
Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb. f. (Blepharistes)
Bulbophyllum malayanum J. J. Sm.; Cirrhopetalum blepharistes
(Rchb. f.) Hook. f.; Cirrhopetalum longescapum Teijsm. & Binn.;
Cirrhopetalum spicatum Gagnep.; Phyllorchis blepharistes (Rchb. f.)
Kuntze; Phyllorchis longescapa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kuntze; Tripudianthes blepharistes (Rchb. f.) Szlach. & Kras.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1134 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]; S); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL587 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1254 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL488 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1063 [S. Sopraseuth]; NUOL
cult. OL1225 [P. Bonnet]; S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte or lithophyte in rather open secondary humid
evergreen forest near a large stream, on tree trunks in
secondary Pinus woodland, also lithophytic on bare exposed
rock faces, 169781 m a.s.l. January, AugustDecember.
Bulbophyllum capillipes Parish & Rchb. f.
(Sestochilus)
Drymoda latisepala Seidenf.; Phyllorchis capillipes (Parish & Rchb.
f.) Kuntze.
India, Burma, Thailand. Laos: unspecified (Singapore
Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O 2188, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Spreng.
(Anisopetalon)
Anisopetalum careyanum Hook.; Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.)
Spreng. var. ochraceum Hook. f.; Bulbophyllum cupreum Hook.;
Phyllorchis purpurea (D. Don) Kuntze; Pleurothallis purpurea D.
Don; Tribrachia purpurea (D. Don) Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A.
Schuiteman PB120); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL888
[M. Newman et al.]); Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman PB74).
Epiphyte on tree trunks in dense primary humid evergreen
forest, also lithophytic at the top of a small cliff near a
stream, 805863 m a.s.l. OctoberDecember.
Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. (Oxysepalum)
Bulbophyllum bolovenense Guillaumin; Bulbophyllum myrianthum
Schltr.; Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Wight) Parish; Bulbophyllum
profusum Ames; Bulbophyllum sessile (J. Koenig) J. J. Sm.;
Bulbophyllum sparsifolium Schltr.; Bulbophyllum trisetosum Griff.;
Epidendrum sessile J. Koenig; Oxysepalum ovalifolium Wight;
Phyllorchis sessilis (J. Koenig) Kuntze.
Bulbophyllum flabellumveneris (J. Koenig) Seidenf. &
Ormerod ex Aver. (Cirrhopetalum)
Bulbophyllum andersonii Kurz; Bulbophyllum gamosepalum (Griff.)
J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum griffithianum Parish & Rchb. f.;
Bulbophyllum lepidum (Blume) J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum lepidum
(Blume) J. J. Sm. var. angustum Ridl.; Bulbophyllum lepidum
(Blume) J. J. Sm. var. insigne J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum rolfeanum
Seidenf. & Smitinand; Bulbophyllum stramineum Ames var.
purpureum (Gagnep.) Guillaumin; Bulbophyllum viscidum J. J.
Sm.; Cirrhopetalum andersonii Kurz; Cirrhopetalum ciliatum
Klinge; Cirrhopetalum flabellumveneris (J. Koenig) Seidenf. &
Ormerod; Cirrhopetalum gagnepainii Guillaumin; Cirrhopetalum
gamosepalum Griff.; Cirrhopetalum lepidum (Blume) Schltr.;
Cirrhopetalum siamense Rolfe ex Downie; Cirrhopetalum stramineum (Ames) Gagnep. var. purpureum Gagnep.; Cirrhopetalum
viscidum (J. J. Sm.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist; Ephippium lepidum
Blume; Epidendrum flabellumveneris J. Koenig; Hippoglossum
umbellatum Breda; Phyllorchis gamosepala (Griff.) Kuntze.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Is., Fiji. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, D. Barthélémy; photo]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL547 [B. Svengsuksa]; N); Khammouan
(P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak
PB176); Vientiane (S); ‘Bankoum’ (S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Moluccas. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman,
P. Bonnet, D. Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL42 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB19); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL441 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); ‘Semmoun’ (S; probably Champasak).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous primary forest and in rather
open secondary forest near a stream, 170550 m a.s.l. June
August.
Epiphyte on tree trunks in mixed deciduous forest, also
lithophytic on cliffs along a stream, 170569 m a.s.l. June
October.
Bulbophyllum coweniorum J. J. Verm. & P. O’Byrne
(Sestochilus)
Bulbophyllum gymnopus Hook. f. (Altisceptrum)
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL594 [B. Svengsuksa]; P.
Bonnet PB_Vo_02); unknown (Singapore cult. SBG-O
3622, type of B. coweniorum).
JanuaryMarch, October, December.
Bulbophyllum depressum King & Pantl. (Monanthes)
Bulbophyllum acutum J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum hastatum Tang & F.
T. Wang; Diphyes bicolor Blume.
Drymoda gymnopus (Hook. f.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist;
Monomeria gymnopus (Hook. f.) Aver.; Phyllorchis gymnopus
(Hook.f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Bhutan, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB629).
Lithophytic and epiphytic in dense humid evergreen forest,
1245 m a.s.l. January, December.
Bulbophyllum haniffii Carr (Epicrianthes)
Epicranthes haniffii (Carr) Garay & W. Kittr.
India, China, Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos:
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB303).
Epiphyte on the lower branches of a solitary garden tree
along the Mekong river, 441 m a.s.l. August.
Thailand, Burma (Tenasserim), Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, D.
Barthélémy; not in flower; photo]); Vientiane (S).
Pendulous epiphyte on thin branches in rather open semideciduous forest close to a river, with ground cover of
mosses and ferns, 307750 m a.s.l.
Bulbophyllum dissitiflorum Seidenf. (Anisopetalon)
Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1004 [V.
Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (S).
7001100 m a.s.l. January, February, November.
Bulbophyllum helenae (Kuntze) J. J. Sm.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Bulbophyllum cornutum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Cirrhopetalum cornutum
Lindl.; Phyllorchis cornuta (Lindl.) Kuntze; Phyllorchis helenae
267
Kuntze; Rhytionanthos cornutum (Lindl.) Garay, Hamer &
Siegerist.
Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume) Lindl.
(Desmosanthes)
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand. Laos: Louang
Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB384);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB278).
Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume) Lindl. var. taluense J. J. Sm.;
Bulbophyllum luzonense Ames; Bulbophyllum pedicellatum Ridl.;
Bulbophyllum radiatum Lindl.; Bulbophyllum syllectum Kraenzl.;
Bulbophyllum taluense (J. J. Sm.) Carr; Diphyes laxiflora Blume;
Phyllorchis laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze; Phyllorchis radiata (Lindl.)
Kuntze.
Epiphyte in secondary evergreen forest on limestone and in
humid evergreen montane forest, 9071236 m a.s.l. June,
August, September.
Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl. (Lemniscatae)
Bulbophyllum kerrii Rolfe; Phyllorchis hirta (Sm.) Kuntze; Stelis
hirta Sm.; Tribrachia hirta (Sm.) Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB373).
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(NUOL cult. OL1107 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K.
Chanthavongsa]; N); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler,
K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB34; N); Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL744 [P. Sengsomphou]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1197 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Epiphyte in secondary montane forest, 1236 m a.s.l.
November, December.
Epiphyte in deciduous dipterocarp forest, also in gallery
forest and lithophytic on moss-covered rocks near a large
stream in the shade, 307759 m a.s.l. January, June
August, December.
Bulbophyllum intricatum Seidenf. (Anisopetalon)
Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides Rolfe (Lemniscatae)
Thailand. Laos: Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL753 [P.
Sengsomphou]).
Hordeanthos lemniscatoides (Rolfe) Szlach.
October, November.
Bulbophyllum kanburiense Seidenf. (Tripudianthes)
Tripudianthes kanburiense (Seidenf.) Szlach. & Kras.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB72).
Lithophytic on rocks in open montane pine woodland with
undergrowth of grasses, 805 m a.s.l. February.
Bulbophyllum lanuginosum J. J. Verm. (Hirtula)
Thailand. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden
cult. SBG-O 3557, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL89 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB251).
Epiphyte in evergreen montane forest dominated by Fagaceae,
also on trees in coffee plantations; 1240 m a.s.l. February.
Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl.
(Leopardinae)
Dendrobium leopardinum Wall.; Phyllorchis leopardina (Wall.)
Kunzte; Sarcopodium leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, China. Laos: Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL478 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
July.
Bulbophyllum levinei Schltr. (Eublepharon)
Bulbophyllum laoticum Gagnep. (Anisopetalon)
Laos: Savannakhet (S).
Bulbophyllum lasiochilum Parish & Rchb. f.
(Sestochilus)
Bulbophyllum breviscapum (Rolfe) J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum breviscapum (Rolfe) Ridl.; Cirrhopetalum breviscapum Rolfe; Cirrhopetalum lasiochilum (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f.; Phyllorchis
lasiochila (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL1167 [M. Newman et al.]).
February, October.
268
Bulbophyllum insulsum (Gagnep.) Seidenf., syn. nov.; Cirrhopetalum insulsum Gagnep. syn. nov.
China, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic
Garden cult. SBG-O 3627, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Note: synonymy according to J. J. Vermeulen (pers. comm.).
Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. (Sestochilus)
Bulbophyllum claptonense Rolfe; Bulbophyllum henshallii Hort.;
Bulbophyllum orectopetalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist; Bulbophyllum polystictum Ridl.; Bulbophyllum siamense Rchb. f.; Phyllorchis
lobbii (Lindl.) Kuntze; Sarcopodium lobbii (Lindl.) Lindl.; Sestochilos uniflorum Breda.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, lesser
Sunda Is., Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P.
Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB632).
Lithophyte in humid evergreen montane forest on a
mountain summit. January, February, December.
Bulbophyllum macrocoleum Seidenf. (Anisopetalon)
Bulbophyllum longibracteatum Seidenf. syn. nov.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet,
P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB108; D. Barthélémy,
P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB464); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL64 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult.
OL1356 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL925 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman PB339); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL292
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult. OL392 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]).
Lithophytic on a steep limestone cliff in open semideciduous forest; also on large branches of isolated trees,
457 m a.s.l. October, November.
Note: this is a common species in Laos. We are unable to
distinguish B. longibracteatum from B. macrocoleum, which
according to Seidenfaden (1979) differs mainly in the shape
of the petal tips. Specimens we have see were often
intermediate between the two in this respect. Bulbophyllum
rufinum is very similar but seems to differ in the much laxer
and more erect inflorescence. It is possible, however, that
B. macrocoleum is merely a form of B. rufinum.
Bulbophyllum microtepalum Rchb. f. (Anisopetalon)
Phyllorchis microtepala (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL582
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
[M. Newman et al.], NUOL cult. OL825, NUOL cult.
OL1257, NUOL cult. OL1288 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N);
Vientiane (S; sight record).
Epiphyte in deciduous dipterocarp forest, 554 m a.s.l.
October.
Bulbophyllum morphologorum Kraenzl.
(Anisopetalon)
Bulbophyllum dixonii Rolfe.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, V.
Lamxay PB319).
Epiphyte on large branches in secondary mixed deciduous
forest, 874 m a.s.l. JanuaryMarch.
Bulbophyllum nigrescens Rolfe. (Hirtula)
Bulbophyllum angusteellipticum Seidenf.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB239); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S.
Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB567).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also lithophytic on
exposed boulders in mixed semi-deciduous montane forest,
1240 m a.s.l. April.
Bulbophyllum nigripetalum Rolfe (Hirtula)
China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos: Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, V. Lamxay PB324).
Epiphyte in secondary mixed deciduous forest, 874 m a.s.l.
AprilJune.
November, December.
Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl.
(Desmosanthes)
Bulbophyllum monanthos Ridl. (Sestochilus)
Phyllorchis odoratissima (Sm.) Kuntze; Stelis caudata D. Don; Stelis
odoratissima Sm.; Tribrachia odoratissima (Sm.) Lindl.
Thailand. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden
cult. SBG-O 3605, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Phyllorchis moniliformis (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB407); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1310 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB329; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB347);
Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB204); Xiangkhoang (S).
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1654 [B. Svengsuksa et al.;]);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB4; NUOL cult. OL623, NUOL cult. OL902
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
in dry evergreen forest near a waterfall, in mixed deciduous
forest, and in humid evergreen forest on a steep limestone
hill. 3071150 m a.s.l. May, June.
Bulbophyllum moniliforme Parish & Rchb.f.
(Macrocaulia)
269
Bulbophyllum orientale Seidenf. (Anisopetalon)
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P.
Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB140).
Epiphytic and lithophytic in humid evergreen forest on the
flank of a steep limestone hill, 648 m a.s.l. October,
November.
Bulbophyllum parviflorum Parish & Rchb. f. (Hirtula)
Bulbophyllum thomsonii Hook. f.; Phyllorchis parviflora (Parish &
Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Phyllorchis thomsonii (Hook. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1713 [P. Bonnet]); Vientiane
(sight record [B. Svengsuksa & B. Laville]).
Lithophytic on small rocks near stream in secondary
evergreen forest, 300 m a.s.l. November, December.
Bulbophyllum pectenveneris (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Bulbophyllum flaviflorum (T. S. Liu & H. J. Su) Seidenf.;
Bulbophyllum tingabarinum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist; Cirrhopetalum flaviflorum T. S. Liu & H. J. Su; Cirrhopetalum miniatum
Rolfe; Cirrhopetalum pectenveneris Gagnep.
Bulbophyllum pumilio Parish & Rchb. f.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Cirrhopetalum pumilio (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (Singapore
Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O 3621, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Bulbophyllum putidum (Teijsm. & Binn.) J. J. Sm.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Cirrhopetalum putidum Teijsm. & Binn.; Mastigion putidum
(Teijsm. & Binn.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist.
India, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Attapu (S); Bolikhamxai (photos seen); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1421).
Epiphyte on rather thin branches in semi-deciduous forest,
307 m a.s.l. January, November, December.
Bulbophyllum refractum (Zoll.) Rchb. f.
(Tripudianthes)
Cirrhopetalum refractum Zoll.; Phyllorchis refracta (Zoll.) Kuntze;
Tripudianthes refractum (Zoll.) Szlach. & Kras.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1635 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1252 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
China (Fujian, Hainan), Taiwan, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (S).
Epiphyte in open forest on thin branches, 106 m a.s.l.
January, February, December.
Bulbophyllum polyrhizum Lindl. (Desmosanthes)
Bulbophyllum repens Griff. (Brachystachyae)
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand. Laos: Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL736 [P. Sengsomphou]).
Phyllorchis repens (Griff.) Kuntze.
Epiphyte on tree trunks in evergreen forest, 10001700 m
a.s.l. March.
Bulbophyllum proboscideum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. &
Smitinand (Cirrhopetalum)
Cirrhopetalum proboscideum Gagnep.; Mastigion proboscideum
(Gagnep.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist.
Thailand. Laos: Champasak (S).
India (NE), Burma, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, V. Lamxay PB462).
Lithophyte in a dry limestone area with many xerophytic
plants. January.
Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl. (Desmosanthes)
Bulbophyllum ombrophilum Gagnep.; Ione racemosa (Sm.) Seidenf.;
Phyllorchis reptans (Lindl.) Kuntze; Stelis racemosa Sm.; Sunipia
racemosa (Sm.) Tang & F. T. Wang; Tribrachia reptans Lindl.
Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1636 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]). January.
Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum Rchb. f. (Sestochilus)
Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum Rchb. f. ex Hook.; Sarcopodium
psittacoglossum (Rchb. f.) Hook.
Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb. f.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record of a plant in a private garden in
Paksan, collected in the province, D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB400).
Bulbophyllum langbianense Seidenf. & Smitinand; Bulbophyllum
micholitzii (Rolfe) J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum micholitzii (Rolfe)
Seidenf. & Smitinand; Bulbophyllum skeatianum Ridl., syn. nov.;
Bulbophyllum touranense (Gagnep.) Ho; Cirrhopetalum confusum
Garay, Hamer & Siegerist; Cirrhopetalum micholitzii Rolfe;
270
Cirrhopetalum retusiusculum (Rchb. f.) Hemsl.; Cirrhopetalum
retusiusculum Rchb. f.; Cirrhopetalum skeatianum (Ridl.) Garay,
Hamer & Siegerist, syn. nov.; Cirrhopetalum touranense Gagnep.;
Phyllorchis retusiuscula (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Hainan),
Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Champasak (P. Bonnet PB_Vo_01; S); Xiangkhoang (S);
‘Bolovens’ (S); ‘Phu Hua Sua’ (S).
Epiphyte in evergreen montane forest, 13001700 m a.s.l.
January, April.
Note: according to Seidenfaden (1973), Bulbophyllum
skeatianum differs from B. retusiusculum in the long, slender
and curved, as opposed to rather small and insignificant,
usually triangular stelidia. Seidenfaden’s own illustrations of
these two taxa show hardly any difference in the shape and
size of the stelidia, or any other difference for that matter,
and we consider them conspecific.
Bulbophyllum rufilabrum Parish ex Hook. f.
(Anisopetalon)
Bulbophyllum limbatum Parish & Rchb. f.; Phyllorchis rufilabra
(Parish) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet
PB_Vo_03); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1283 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL418 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]).
Epiphytic and lithophytic in riverine forest and in secondary evergreen forest, 300 m a.s.l. November, December.
Bulbophyllum rufinum Rchb. f. (Anisopetalon)
Phyllorchis rufina (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. November.
Note: Seidenfaden’s records may turn out to be referable to
B. macrocoleum, if this is really distinct from B. rufinum.
While B. macrocoleum is quite common in Laos we have not
yet met with the true B. rufinum there.
Bulbophyllum sanguineopunctatum Seidenf. & Kerr
(Cirrhopetalum)
Laos: Vientiane (S).
500 m a.s.l. November.
Note: Tixier’s record, referred to by Seidenfaden (1992),
requires confirmation since this species may have been
confused with B. nigrescens or B. nigripetalum, both known
to occur in Laos. As Vermeulen (2002) pointed out,
Seidenfaden (1979) wrongly considered B. nigripetalum
synonymous with B. secundum, while he illustrated B.
nigrescens with a drawing of the then undescribed B.
scaphiforme J. J. Verm.
Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii Kerr (Cirrhopetalum)
Laos: Vientiane (S).
Bulbophyllum sigaldiae Guillaumin (Acrochaene)
Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden
cult. SBG-O 2189, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Bulbophyllum spathulatum (Rolfe ex E. Cooper)
Seidenf. (Cirrhopetalum)
Cirrhopetalum spathulatum Rolfe ex E. Cooper; Rhytionanthos
spathulatum (Rolfe ex E. Cooper) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL449 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL446 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S).
Epiphytic in riverine forest and in secondary evergreen
forest, 300 m a.s.l. October, November.
Bulbophyllum stenobulbon Parish & Rchb. f.
(Desmosanthes)
Phyllorchis stenobulbon (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, ?Laos: Vientiane (S).
Dense forest, 1000 m a.s.l.
Note: record based on sterile specimens; requires confirmation.
Bulbophyllum sutepense (Rolfe) Seidenf. & Smitinand
(Desmosanthes)
Cirrhopetalum sutepense Rolfe ex Downie.
China, Thailand. Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB208); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, 9001000 m a.s.l.
April, May.
Bulbophyllum secundum Hook.f. (Hirtula)
Bulbophyllum subparviflorum Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen; Phyllorchis
secunda (Hook. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: unspecified, probably Bolikhamxai (S).
Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum Parish & Rchb. f.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Bulbophyllum fenestratum J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum mundulum (W.
Bull) J. J. Sm.; Bulbophyllum punctatissimum Rolfe ex Ridl.;
Bulbophyllum rupicolum Ridl.; Bulbophyllum simillinum Parish &
271
Rchb. f.; Cirrhopetalum fenestratum (J. J. Sm.) Garay, Hamer &
Siegerist; Cirrhopetalum mundulum W. Bull; Cirrhopetalum
punctatissimum Rolfe ex Ridl.; Cirrhopetalum simillimum Parish
& Rchb. f.; Cirrhopetalum taeniophyllum (Parish & Rchb. f.)
Hook. f.; Phyllorchis simillima (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze;
Phyllorchis taeniophylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
June, August.
Bulbophyllum thaiorum J. J. Sm. (Cirrhopetalum)
Bulbophyllum tripudians Parish & Rchb. f.
(Tripudianthes)
Tripudianthes tripudians (Parish & Rchb. f.) Szlach. & Kras.
Burma Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Open montane forest, 1800 m a.s.l.
Bulbophyllum violaceolabellum Seidenf.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic
Garden cult. SBG-O 3556, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Bulbophyllum tortuosum (Blume) Lindl. (Monanthes)
Bulbophyllum wendlandianum (Kraenzl.) J. J. Sm.
(Cirrhopetalum)
Cirrhopetalum wendlandianum Kraenzl.
Bulbophyllum indragiriense Schltr.; Bulbophyllum listeri King &
Pantl.; Diphyes tortuosa Blume; Phyllorchis tortuosa (Blume)
Kuntze.
Thailand, Vietnam, Bhutan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo,?Philippines. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL1732 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. AugustOctober.
Bulbophyllum tricorne Seidenf. & Smitinand
(Anisopetalon)
India (NE), Thailand, Cambodia. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. P1 [P. Bonnet]); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1220 [P. Bonnet]).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest and in gallery forest,
208770 m a.s.l. August, September.
Bulbophyllum cf. tricornoides Seidenf.
(Anisopetalon)
Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1098 [D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL925 [M. Newman et al.]).
Epiphyte on tree trunks in secondary humid evergreen
lowland forest, also in riverine forest, 169 m a.s.l.
November, December.
Note: we are uncertain of our identification, since the
differences between B. tricorne and B. tricornoides seem very
slight: in B. tricorne the petals should be about as long as the
column, while in B. tricornoides they are about half as long
as the column. The specimens cited here are intermediate in
this respect. NUOL cult. OL1098 has long, slender and
rather lax inflorescences much like B. dissitiflorum, while B.
tricornoides should have a dense inflorescence. However, in
other respects OL1098 is indistinguishable from OL925, of
which the inflorescence agrees well with Seidenfaden’s
description. Both collections cited possess a lip with a
distinctly papillose margin; this detail is lacking in
Seidenfaden’s description and illustrations of this species.
272
Burma, Thailand.
OL1710).
April.
Laos:
Champasak
(NUOL
cult.
Bulbophyllum xylophyllum Parish & Rchb. f.
(Brachystachyae)
Phyllorchis xylophylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O 3687,
det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P.
Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB39); Saravan (S);
Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial on rocky ground in dense humid evergreen
forest, 600659 m a.s.l. January, October.
Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb. f.
Alismorchis foerstermannii (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Alismorchis lyroglossa
(Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Calanthe foerstermannii Rchb. f.; Calanthe
liukiuensis Schltr.; Calanthe nephroidea Gagnep.
Burma, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Philippines. Laos: ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Calanthe odora Griff.
Alismorchis angusta (Lindl.) Kuntze; Alismorchis odora (Griff.)
Kuntze; Calanthe angusta Lindl.
India (NE), China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Xiangkhoang (S); ‘between Sola Nam Doi and Nam Ma
Cun’ (S; possibly Houaphan).
Calanthe succedanea Gagnep.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (N); Champasak (S).
Note: this seems hardly specifically distinct from
C. cardioglossa, differing only in the lamellate keel on the
mid-lobe of the lip, whereas in C. cardioglossa the keel is
little more than a swollen mid-vein.
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames
Alismorchis angraeciflora (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Alismorchis diploxiphion (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Alismorchis furcata (Bateman ex Lindl.)
Kuntze; Alismorchis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze; Alismorchis veratrifolia (Willd.) Kuntze; Amblyglottis veratrifolia Blume; Bletia
quadrifida Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f.; Calanthe angraeciflora Rchb.
f.; Calanthe brevicolumna Hayata; Calanthe breviflos Ridl.; Calanthe catilligera Rchb. f.; Calanthe comosa Rchb. f.; Calanthe
diploxiphion Hook. f.; Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl.; Calanthe
engleriana Kraenzl. var. brevicalcarata J. J. Sm.; Calanthe furcata
Bateman ex Lindl.; Calanthe gracillima Lindl.; Calanthe latissimifolia R. S. Rogers; Calanthe matsumurana Schltr.; Calanthe
nephroglossa Schltr.; Calanthe orthocentron Schltr.; Calanthe perrottetii A. Rich.; Calanthe proboscidea Rchb. f.; Calanthe pubescens
Ridl.; Calanthe rubicallosa Masam.; Calanthe triplicata (Willemet)
Ames f. albolineata (Nakaj.) Hatus.; Calanthe triplicata (Willemet)
Ames var. angraeciflora (Rchb. f.) N. Hall,; Calanthe triplicata
(Willemet) Ames var. gracillima (Lindl.) N. Halle; Calanthe
triplicata (Willemet) Ames var. minahassae Schltr.; Calanthe
veratrifolia (Willd.) R. Br.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.)
R. Br. var. cleistogama Schltr.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.
Br. var. densissima J. J. Sm.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R. Br.
var. dupliciloba J. J. Sm.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R. Br. var.
incurvicalcar J. J. Sm.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R. Br.
var. lancipetala J. J. Sm.; Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R. Br.
var. timorensis J. J. Sm.; Limodorum ventricosum Steud.; Limodorum veratrifolium Willd.; Orchis triplicata Willemet.
Madagascar, Mascarenes, throughout tropical continental
Asia, China, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea,
Philippines, Australia, Pacific. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB468); Champasak (S); Louangphrabang (S); Savannakhet
(S); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Sapone’ (probably Sepone, Savannakhet Prov.) (S).
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A.
Schuiteman PB111); Khammouan (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, P. Nasoukhoum, V. Vannachak;
photo]). Lithophytic on rather dry limestone hill with low
open forest, also found as an epiphyte on a fallen branch on
a steep limestone hill in the shade, 332 m a.s.l. October,
November.
Note: a common species in the rugged karst regions of
Bolikhamxai and Khammouan provinces. Specimens with
all-white flowers and those that possess a red blotch at the
base of the lip mid-lobe often grow intermixed. It is a
telling symptom of the incomplete botanical exploration of
the country that this frequent and conspicuous orchid has
never been recorded from Laos before.
Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.
Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Terrestrial in evergreen forest, 1200 m a.s.l. April.
Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lindl.) Ormerod
Alismorchis gracilis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Alismorchis longipes (Hook. f.)
Kuntze; Alismorchis tubifera (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Bletia obcordata
Lindl.; Calanthe amesiana Schltr.; Calanthe bursicula Gagnep.;
Calanthe dolichopoda Fukuy.; Calanthe gracilis Lindl.; Calanthe
gracilis Lindl. var. sumatrana J. J. Sm.; Calanthe halconensis (Ames)
Schltr.; Calanthe ramosii Ames; Calanthe tubifera Hook. f.;
Calanthe venusta Schltr.; Cephalantheropsis calanthoides (Ames)
T. S. Liu & H. J. Su; Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu;
Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu var. halconensis (Ames)
K. Karas.; Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu var. venusta
(Schltr.) K. Karas.; Cephalantheropsis halconensis (Ames) S. S. Ying;
Cephalantheropsis venusta (Schltr.) S. Y. Hu; Gastrorchis gracilis
(Lindl.) Aver.; Limatodis gracilis (Lindl.) Lindl.; Paracalanthe
gracilis (Lindl.) Kudo; Paracalanthe venusta Kudo; Phaius calanthoides Ames; Phaius gracilis (Lindl.) S. S. Ying; Phaius gracilis
(Lindl.) S. S. Ying var. calanthoides (Ames) S. S. Ying; Phaius
halconensis Ames; Phaius longipes (Hook. f.) Holttum; Phaius
longipes (Hook. f.) Holttum var. calanthoides (Ames) T. P. Lin;
Phaius ramosii (Ames) Ames.
Terrestrial in dense humid forest at the base of a steep
limestone hill, or in forest on a river bank. May, June.
India (NE), Burma, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Moluccas, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Khammouan
(N).
Calanthe vestita Lindl.
Ceratostylis himalaica Hook. f.
Alismorchis vestita (Lindl.) Kuntze; Amblyglottis pilosa de Vriese ex
Lindl.; Calanthe grandiflora Rolfe; Calanthe melinosema Schltr.;
Calanthe padangensis Schltr. ex Mansf.; Calanthe pilosa (de Vriese
ex Lindl.) Miq.; Calanthe regnieri Rchb. f.; Calanthe turneri Rchb.
f.; Calanthe vestita Lindl. var. fournieri Rolfe; Calanthe vestita
Lindl. var. igneo-oculata Hort. ex Rchb. f.; Calanthe vestita Lindl.
var. oculata-gigantea Rchb. f. ex B. S. Williams; Cytheris griffithii
Wight; Phaius vestitus (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Preptanthe vestita (Lindl.)
Rchb. f.; Preptanthe villosa Rchb. f.
Eria ramosissima Wall. ex Hook. f.; Ritaia himalaica King & Pantl.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China (Yunnan), Vietnam.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB412); Phongsali (sight record [P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay; photo]); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in dense wet evergreen tropical forest near a
waterfall, and in semi-deciduous montane forest, 1077
1300 m a.s.l. MarchMay.
273
Ceratostylis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie
Chrysoglossum ornatum Blume
Ceratostylis pygmaea Evrard ex Gagnep.; Eria banaensis Gagnep.
Ania maculata Thwaites; Chrysoglossum cyrtopetalum Schltr.;
Chrysoglossum erraticum Hook. f.; Chrysoglossum formosanum
Hayata; Chrysoglossum gibbsiae Rolfe; Chrysoglossum hallbergii
Blatt.; Chrysoglossum maculatum Hook. f.; Tainia maculata
(Thwaites) Hook. f.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in evergreen montane forest, 15001700 m a.s.l.
April, May.
Ceratostylis subulata Blume
Appendicula teres Griff.; Ceratostylis cepula Rchb. f.; Ceratostylis
malaccensis Hook. f.; Ceratostylis teres (Griff.) Rchb. f.
India (NE), Bhutan, China (Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Moluccas,
New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Is., Vanuatu. Laos:
Vientiane (S, sterile specimen).
Sri Lanka, India (E and NE), Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi,
New Guinea, Philippines, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji,
Samoa. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB411); Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB603).
Terrestrial in dense humus-rich humid evergreen forest,
10771245 m a.s.l. May, June.
Cleisomeria lanatum (Lindl.) Lindl. ex G.Don
Cheirostylis chinensis Rolfe
Cheirostylis philippinensis Ames; Cheirostylis taiwanensis Yamam.
China (Hong Kong), Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman
PB124, PB128).
Lithophytic on a moss-covered rock in dense humid
evergreen forest near a small stream, also on shaded rock
on a steep forested limestone hill, 521863 m a.s.l. January,
November.
Cleisostoma lanatum Lindl.; Gastrochilus lanatus (Lindl.) Kuntze;
Saccolabium bracteatum (Ridl.) Ridl.; Saccolabium lanatum
(Lindl.) Hook. f.; Sarcanthus bracteatus Ridl.; Sarcanthus lanatus
(Lindl.) Holttum; Uncifera maxillaleonis Guillaumin.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1344 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest and humid evergreen montane forest, 1701100 m a.s.l. JuneAugust.
Cleisomeria pilosulum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. & Garay
Cheirostylis cochinchinensis Blume
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum,
A. Schuiteman PB112); Vientiane (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB159).
Lithophytic on a shaded rock covered with leaf litter on a
steep limestone hill, also lithophytic in a shaded gully near
the summit of a high limestone mountain, 3321400 m
a.s.l. October, November.
Chiloschista exuperei (Guillaumin) Garay
Taeniophyllum exuperei Guillaumin.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB201,
found on local market, collected in the surrounding
countryside).
April.
Cleisostoma pilosulum Gagnep.; Saccolabium pilosulum (Gagnep.)
Tang & F. T. Wang.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL1687 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (S).
May, June.
Cleisostoma arietinum (Rchb. f.) Garay
Echioglossum arietinum (Rchb. f.) Szlach.; Saccolabium kunstleri
(King & Pantl.) Ridl.; Sarcanthus arietinus Rchb. f.; Sarcanthus
kunstleri King & Pantl.; Sarcanthus recurvus Rolfe ex Downie.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL62
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in dry dipterocarp forest. January.
Cleisostoma birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay
Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm.
Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. f.) Schltr.; Sarcochilus lunifer (Rchb. f.)
Benth. ex Hook. f.; Thrixspermum luniferum Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. April.
274
Echioglossum birmanicum Schltr.; Sarcanthus birmanicus (Schltr.)
Seidenf. & Smitinand; Sarcanthus ophioglossa Guillaumin.
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P.
Bonnet PB504); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1158 [M.
Newman et al.]; N).
June, July.
Cleisostoma crochetii (Guillaumin) Garay
Blumeorchis crochetii (Guillaumin) Szlach.; Sarcanthus crochetii
Guillaumin; Sarcanthus tricornis Seidenf.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan (NUOL cult. OL674
[Toulavanh]); Vientiane (S).
manlinensis Guillaumin; Sarcanthus pallidus Lindl.; Sarcanthus
racemifer (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan (NUOL cult. OL673); Louang
Namtha (N); Vientiane (S); ‘Lam Vong’ (S; ‘Lam Vong’ is
the name of a national dance).
JulyAugust.
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. JulySeptember.
Cleisostoma rostratum (Lindl.) Garay
Cleisostoma duplicilobum (J. J. Sm.) Garay
Cleisostoma carinatum (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay; Cleisostoma
rostellatum (Hook. f.) Garay; Garayanthus carinatus (Rolfe ex
Downie) Szlach.; Garayanthus duplicilobus (J. J. Sm.) Szlach.;
Saccolabium rostellatum Hook. f.; Sarcanthus callosilobus J. J. Sm.;
Sarcanthus carinatus Rolfe ex Downie; Sarcanthus duplicilobus J. J.
Sm.; Sarcanthus rostellatus Ridl.
India, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL102 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K.
Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB36); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1198 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Epiphyte on a small tree trunk in dense evergreen forest and
in gallery forest along a small stream, 6591000 m a.s.l.
SeptemberNovember.
Saccolabium simondii Gagnep.; Sarcanthus laosensis Guillaumin;
Sarcanthus rostratus Lindl.; Vanda recurva Hook.; Vanda rostrata
(Lindl.) Lodd.
China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL41 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak
PB66); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB271); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL302 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Vientiane (P. Bonnet PB478; S).
Epiphyte on a small tree trunk in dense humid evergreen
forest, in humid evergreen montane forest, also on tree
trunk at the base of a steep limestone hill, 2101000 m a.s.l.
May, June.
Cleisostoma simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
Cleisostoma fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl.
Cleisostoma flagelliforme (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay; Sarcanthus
flagelliformis Rolfe ex Downie; Sarcanthus fuerstenbergianus
(Kraenzl.) J. J. Sm.; Sarcanthus geoffrayi Guillaumin.
China (Yunnan, Hainan), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Laos: Attapu (P. Bonnet PB541); Bolikhamxai (sight record
[A. Schuiteman, S. Luang Aphay; photo]); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1371 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman, V.
Vannachak PB173); Louangphrabang (photos seen; N);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB221;
P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB565);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1213; S); Xiangkhoang (N).
Epiphyte in dry dipterocarp forest, also in evergreen
montane forest dominated by Fagaceae and on trees on
steep limestone hills, 981240 m a.s.l. JuneDecember.
Cleisostoma kerrii Seidenf.
Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB404).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest, close to a large
waterfall. AugustOctober.
Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay
Aerides racemifera (Lindl.) Wall. ex Hook. f.; Gastrochilus racemifer
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Saccolabium racemiferum Lindl.; Sarcanthus
Cleisostoma acutilabre (Guillaumin) Aver.; Cleisostoma seidenfadenii
Garay; Cleisostoma teres Garay; Echioglossum seidenfadenii (Garay)
Szlach.; Echioglossum simondii (Gagnep.) Szlach.; Luisia acutilabris
Guillaumin; Sarcanthus siamensis Rolfe ex Downie; Sarcanthus
teretifolius (Lindl.) Lindl.; Vanda simondii Gagnep.; Vanda
teretifolia Lindl.
India (NE), China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL142 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL895 [M. Newman et al.]; N); Louangphrabang (P. Bonnet PB181; S); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1084 [P. Bonnet, K. Nanthavong, B. Svengsuksa];
NUOL cult. OL407 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N).
Epiphyte on thick-barked tree trunks in deciduous lowland
dipterocarp forest on shallow, rocky, and nutrient-deficient
laterite soil. OctoberDecember.
Coelogyne assamica Linden & Rchb. f. (Fuscescentes)
Coelogyne annamensis Rolfe; Coelogyne cycnoches Parish & Rchb. f.;
Coelogyne dalatensis Gagnep.; ?Coelogyne dichroantha Gagnep.;
Coelogyne saigonensis Gagnep.; Coelogyne siamensis Rolfe; Cymbidium evrardii Guillaumin.
India (NE), Bhutan, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champassak (S).
1000 m a.s.l. November.
Note: this species and others in section Fuscescentes often
secrete drops of a clear liquid on the keels of the lip. We
consider it likely that in Coelogyne dichroantha, only known
from a coloured drawing (reproduced in Seidenfaden
275
1992), the illustration of such drops has been misinterpreted as forming a row of warts. In other respects it is a
fairly good match for C. assamica.
Coelogyne brachyptera Rchb. f. (Brachypterae)
Pleione brachyptera (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Coelogyne virescens Rolfe.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1364 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
S).
Epiphyte on tree trunk in open forest, 1200 m a.s.l. March,
April.
Coelogyne brunnea Lindl. (Fuscescentes)
Vannachak PB61; N); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB577); Saravan (S).
Lithophyte on limestone hills covered with evergreen forest,
also epiphytic in mixed deciduous forest and in evergreen
montane forest dominated by Fagaceae, 554976 m a.s.l.
AugustNovember.
Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. (Flaccidae)
Coelogyne huettneriana Rchb. f. var. lactea (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer;
Coelogyne lactea Rchb. f.; Pleione flaccida (Lindl.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, China. Laos: Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
1500 m a.s.l. April.
Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. var. brunnea (Lindl.) Lindl.
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe (Lawrenceanae)
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma. Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB613); Saravan (S);
Vientiane (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB154).
Coelogyne fleuryi Gagnep.
Lithophytic and epiphytic in evergreen montane forest, sometimes on limestone, 12451400 m a.s.l. October, November.
Note: delimitation against C. fuscescens is problematic.
Coelogyne calcicola Kerr (Elatae)
Burma, China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P.
Bonnet PB514); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte and lithophyte on rocky limestone mountain,
1500 m a.s.l. April, July.
Coelogyne cumingii Lindl. (Coelogyne)
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1154 [B.
Laville]).
Epiphyte. January, February.
Coelogyne longipes Hook. f. (Proliferae)
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand.
Laos: unspecified (S); Xiangkhoang (N).
Coelogyne nitida Lindl. (Ocellatae)
Coelogyne ochracea Lindl.; Cymbidium nitidum Wall.; Cymbidium
nitidum Wall. ex D. Don; Pleione nitida (Lindl.) Kuntze.
Coelogyne casta Ridl.; Coelogyne longibracteata Hook. f.; Pleione
cumingii (Lindl.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, China
(Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Xaisomboun (S, ‘Xieng
Khouang’).
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos: Champassak (S).
1300 m a.s.l. April.
Epiphyte in evergreen upper montane forest, locally
abundant, 23002600 m a.s.l. April.
Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. (Fuliginosae)
Coelogyne pallens Ridl. (Fuliginosae)
Coelogyne arunachalensis H. J. Chowdhery & G. D. Pal; Coelogyne
fimbriata Lindl. var. acuminata Regel; Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl.
var. annamica Finet ex Gagnep.; Coelogyne fuliginosa Lindl. ex
Hook.; Coelogyne laotica Gagnep.; Coelogyne leungiana S. Y. Hu;
Coelogyne longeciliata Teijsm. & Binn.; Coelogyne primulina
Barretto; Coelogyne xerophyta Hand.-Mazz.; Pleione chinensis
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Pleione fimbriata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Pleione
fuliginosa (Lodd. ex Hook.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Laos: Champasak (S).
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB136;
N); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL600 [B. Svengsuksa]; N);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
276
Coelogyne raizadae S. K. Jain & S. Das (Proliferae)
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, China, Tibet. Laos: unspecified
(recorded by Clayton 2002).
Coelogyne rigida Parish & Rchb. f. (Elatae)
Coelogyne tricarinata Ridl.; Pleione rigida (Parish & Rchb. f.)
Kuntze.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (P.
Bonnet PB486).
Lithophyte on large boulder in a shaded stream in gallery
forest, 790 m a.s.l. June, July.
Coelogyne schultesii S. K. Jain & S. Das (Proliferae)
Coelogyne longipes Lindl. var. verruculata S. C. Chen.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB226).
Epiphyte in secondary evergreen montane forest dominated
by Fagaceae, 1063 m a.s.l. May, June.
Coelogyne stricta (D. Don) Schltr. (Elatae)
Coelogyne elata Lindl.; Cymbidium strictum D. Don.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan),
Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Phu Xen’ (S).
India (NE), Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB460; NUOL cult.
OL1119 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL597 [B. Svengsuksa]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet PB166); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL989
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL403 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Xaisomboun (N).
Epiphyte in open forest on summit of dry limestone hills,
and lithophyte on rocks in open vegetation along a stream,
307457 m a.s.l. January, February, December.
Collabium chinense (Rolfe) Tang & F. T. Wang
Chrysoglossum robinsonii Ridl.; Collabium balansae (Gagnep.) Tang
& F. T. Wang; Nephelaphyllum chinense Rolfe; Tainia balansae
Gagnep.; Tainia chinensis (Rolfe) Gagnep.
?India (NE), China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet
PB522, found on local market, collected in the surrounding
countryside).
JulyDecember.
Coelogyne sudora Schuit. & de Vogel (Fuscescentes)
Laos: unspecified (Leiden Botanic Garden cult.
20051293 Singapore Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O
3632).
Note: so far only known from a cultivated specimen sent to
Singapore from a nursery in Thailand in a batch of plants
originally collected in Laos.
Coelogyne trinervis Lindl. (Flaccidae)
Coelogyne angustifolia Ridl.; Coelogyne cinnamomea Teijsm. &
Binn.; Coelogyne pachybulbon Ridl.; Coelogyne rhodeana Rchb. f.;
Coelogyne rossiana Rchb. f.; Coelogyne stenophylla Ridl.; Coelogyne
wettsteiniana Schltr.; Pleione trinervis (Lindl.) Kuntze.
‘Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, lesser Sunda Is. Laos: Attapu (photos
seen); Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL244
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P.
Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB2); Vientiane (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman
PB92; NUOL cult. OL332 [S. Sopraseuth]; S); Xaisomboun (NUOL cult. OL363 [V. Lamxay et al.]); ‘Bolovens’
(S); ‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S; possibly Savannakhet).
Epiphyte in deciduous dipterocarp forest and in secondary
forest on limestone hill, 342544 m a.s.l. September
November.
Coelogyne viscosa Rchb. f. (Flaccidae)
Coelogyne graminifolia Parish & Rchb. f.; Pleione viscosa (Rchb. f.)
Kuntze.
Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume
Chloidia confusa Ames; Corymbis batjanica J. J. Sm.; Corymbis
brevistylis Hook.; Corymbis confusa (Ames) Schltr.; Corymbis
disticha (Breda) Lindl.; Corymbis exaltata Schltr.; Corymbis minor
Schltr.; Corymbis rhytidocarpa Hook. f.; Corymbis sakisimensis
(Fukuy.) Masam.; Corymbis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Rchb. f.; Corymborchis assamica Blume; Corymborchis confusa (Ames) Ames;
Corymborchis parviflora J. J. Sm.; Corymborchis ruttenii J. J. Sm.;
Corymborchis sakisimensis Fukuy.; Corymborchis tropidiifolia J. J.
Sm.; Corymborkis brevistylis (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Corymborkis
rhytidocarpa (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Hysteria veratrifolia Reinw.;
Macrostylis disticha Breda; Rhynchanthera paniculata Blume.
?Thailand, Vietnam, tropical east Asia, Australia, Solomon
Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea,
Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB109); Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, V. Lamxay PB317); Saravan (S).
Terrestrial at the base of a limestone cliff in the shade and
near a small stream in dense humid evergreen forest with
undergrowth of tall herbs, 332905 m a.s.l. Fruiting in
November, probably flowering in September.
Cryptopylos clausus (J. J. Sm.) Garay
Pteroceras clausum (J. J. Sm.) Seidenf. & Smitinand; Sarcochilus
clausus J. J. Sm.; Sarcochilus pierrei Guillaumin.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1718); Vientiane (S).
5001500 m a.s.l. April, May.
277
Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.
Aerides borassii Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.; Cymbidium atropurpureum
Yen; Cymbidium erectum Wight; Cymbidium intermedium H. G.
Jones; Cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw.; Cymbidium simulans
Rolfe; Epidendrum aloides Curtis; Epidendrum aloifolium L.;
Epidendrum pendulum Roxb.
Sri Lanka, India, Andaman Is., Nepal, Bangladesh, China,
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Laos: Attapu (N); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL408, OL433, OL1324 [B. Svengsuksa et
al.]; S); Xaignabouri (N); ‘Nam Pat’ (S; possibly Houaphan).
Lowlands. April.
Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. subsp. obtusum Du Puy &
P. J. Cribb
Cymbidium crassifolium Wall.; Cymbidium flaccidum Schltr.;
Cymbidium mannii Rchb. f.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, India (NE),
Burma, China (Hainan). Laos: Attapu (S); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL562 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (S).
Schltr.; Cymbidium xiphiifolium Lindl.; Cymbidium yakibaran
Makino; Epidendrum ensifolium L.; Epidendrum sinense Redout,;
Jensoa ensata (Thunb.) Raf.; Limodorum ensatum Thunb.
Sri Lanka, India, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Arch., Japan,
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S);
Champasak (P. Bonnet PB506, found on local market,
collected in the surrounding countryside); Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB59);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB253);
Vientiane (S); Xaignabouri (N).
Terrestrial in mixed deciduous forest on poor sandy soil,
also in dense evergreen montane forest dominated by
Fagaceae, near a small stream, also in the lowlands, 554
1240 m a.s.l. June, July, October.
Cymbidium insigne Rolfe
Cymbidium insigne Rolfe var. album Hort.; Cymbidium insigne
Rolfe var. sanderi (O’Brien) Hort.; Cymbidium sanderi O’Brien;
Cyperorchis insignis (Rolfe) Schltr.
Lithophyte on a small limestone hill, in a shady wet place,
also in the lowlands. March, November, December.
China (Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1700 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
January.
Cymbidium dayanum Rchb. f.
Cymbidium lancifolium Hook.
Cymbidium acutum Ridl.; Cymbidium alborubens Makino; Cymbidium angustifolium Ames & C. Schweinf.; Cymbidium dayanum
Rchb. f. var. austrojaponicum Tuyama; Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.
f. subsp. leachianum (Rchb. f.) S. S. Ying; Cymbidium eburneum
Lindl. var. austrojaponicum (Tuyama) Hiroe; Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. var. dayanum (Rchb. f.) Hook. f.; Cymbidium
leachianum Rchb. f.; Cymbidium poilanei Gagnep.; Cymbidium
pulcherrimum Sander; Cymbidium simonsianum King & Pantl.;
Cymbidium simonsianum King & Pantl. f. vernale Makino;
Cymbidium sutepense Rolfe ex Downie.
Cymbidium aspidistrifolium Fukuy.; Cymbidium bambusifolium
Fowlie, Mark & Ho; Cymbidium caulescens Ridl.; Cymbidium
cuspidatum Blume; Cymbidium gibsonii Lindl.; Cymbidium javanicum Blume; Cymbidium javanicum Blume var. aspidistrifolium
(Fukuy.) F. Maek.; Cymbidium javanicum Blume var. pantlingii F.
Maek.; Cymbidium kerrii Rolfe ex Downie; Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. var. aspidistrifolium (Fukuy.) S. S. Ying; Cymbidium
lancifolium Hook. f. aspidistrifolium (Fukuy.) T. P. Lin; Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. var. syunitianum (Fukuy.) S. S. Ying;
Cymbidium maclehoseae S. Y. Hu; Cymbidium nagifolium Masam.;
Cymbidium papuanum Schltr.; Cymbidium syunitianum Fukuy.
India (NE), Burma, China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1700B
[P. Bonnet], found on local market, collected in the
surrounding countryside); Vientiane (S).
August.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Terrestrial in evergreen montane forest, 1500 m a.s.l. April.
Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw.
Cymbidium albomarginatum Makino; Cymbidium arrogans
Hayata; Cymbidium ecristatum Steud.; Cymbidium ensifolium (L.)
Sw. var. estriatum Lindl.; Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. var.
striatum Lindl.; Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. var. yakibaran
(Makino) Y. S. Wu & S. C. Chen; Cymbidium gonzalesii
Quisumb.; Cymbidium gyokuchin Makino; Cymbidium gyokuchin
Makino var. arrogans (Hayata) S. S. Ying; Cymbidium gyokuchin
Makino var. soshin Makino; Cymbidium kanran Makino var.
misericors (Hayata) S. S. Ying; Cymbidium koran Makino;
Cymbidium micans Schauer; Cymbidium misericors Hayata; Cymbidium niveomarginatum Makino; Cymbidium rubrigemmum
Hayata; Cymbidium shimaran Makino; Cymbidium sundaicum
278
Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.
Cymbidium giganteum Wall. ex Lindl. var. lowianum Rchb. f.;
Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f. var. lowianum (Rchb. f.) Y. S.
Wu & S. C. Chen; Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. var.
concolor Rolfe; Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. var.
flaveolum Linden; Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. var.
superbissimum Linden; Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.
var. viride R. Warner & B. S. Williams.
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (photo seen).
Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl.
Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Aphyllorchis aberrans (Finet) Schltr.; Bletia nipponica Franch. &
Sav.; Cymbidium aberrans (Finet) Schltr.; Cymbidium aphyllum
Ames & Schltr.; Cymbidium nipponicum (Franch. & Sav.) Rolfe;
Cymbidium pedicellatum Finet; Cymbidium sagamiense (Nakai)
Makino & Nemoto; Cymbidium szechuanense S. Y. Hu; Pachyrhizanthe aberrans (Finet) Nakai; Pachyrhizanthe aphylla (Ames &
Schltr.) Nakai; Pachyrhizanthe macrorhizos (Lindl.) Nakai; Pachyrhizanthe nipponica (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai; Pachyrhizanthe
sagamiensis Nakai; Yoania aberrans Finet.
Callista anosma (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista macrophylla (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Callista scortechinii (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium
anosmum Lindl. var. dearei (Rolfe) Ames & Quisumb.; Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. var. huttonii (Rchb. f.) Ames & Quisumb.;
Dendrobium leucorhodum Schltr.; Dendrobium macranthum
Hook.; Dendrobium macranthum Hook. var. album Náves;
Dendrobium macranthum Hook. var. giganteum Náves; Dendrobium macranthum Hook. var. marginatum de Vriese ex Miq.;
Dendrobium macranthum Hook. var. purpureomarginatum de
Vriese; Dendrobium macrophyllum Lindl.; Dendrobium macrophyllum Lindl. var. giganteum Lindl.; Dendrobium macrophyllum Lindl.
var. pallidum Planch.; Dendrobium macrophyllum Lindl. var.
purpureomarginatum de Vriese ex Rchb. f.; Dendrobium mastersianum F. Muell. & Kraenzl.; Dendrobium retusum Llanos; Dendrobium scortechinii Hook. f.; Dendrobium superbum Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium superbum Rchb. f. var. anosmum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium superbum Rchb. f. var. burkei Rchb. f.; Dendrobium
superbum Rchb. f. var. dearei Day ex Rolfe; Dendrobium superbum
Rchb. f. var. giganteum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Dendrobium superbum
Rchb. f. var. huttonii Rchb. f.; Dendrobium superbum Rchb. f. var.
purpureomarginatum (de Vriese) Rchb. f.; Dendrobium superbum
Rchb. f. var. velutinum Rchb. f.
Pakistan, India, Nepal, Burma, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is.,
Japan, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Cymbidium sinense (Jacks.) Willd.
Cymbidium albojucundissimum Hayata; Cymbidium chinense
Heynh.; Cymbidium fragrans Salisb.; Cymbidium hoosai Makino;
Cymbidium sinense (Jacks.) Willd. var. albojucundissimum (Hayata)
Masam.; Cymbidium sinense (Jacks.) Willd. var. album Yen;
Cymbidium sinense (Jacks.) Willd. var. margicoloratum Hayata;
Epidendrum sinense Jacks.
India, Burma, China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Khammouane (NUOL cult. OL933 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
January, February.
Cyrtosia integra (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay
Sri Lanka, India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is.,
Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL130, OL580a, OL593c
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL801
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL992 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]). MarchJune.
Galeola integra Rolfe ex Downie.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (N).
Terrestrial in evergreen montane forest, 1200 m a.s.l. April.
Dendrobium aduncum Lindl. (Breviflores)
Callista adunca (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium scoriarum W. W.
Sm.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong,
V. Vannachak PB52).
Epiphyte at 1 m on a small tree trunk in dense humid
evergreen forest, 575 m a.s.l. May.
Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Rchb. f. (Aporum)
Aporum aloifolium (Blume) Brieger; Aporum cochinchinense (Ridl.)
Rauschert; Aporum lobbii M. A. Clem.; Aporum micranthum
Griff.; Aporum serra Lindl.; Callista aloifolia (Blume) Kuntze;
Callista borneoensis Kuntze; Callista micrantha (Griff.) Kuntze;
Dendrobium cochinchinense Ridl.; Dendrobium lobbii Lindl.;
Dendrobium micranthum (Griff.) Lindl.; Dendrobium serra (Lindl.)
Lindl.; Macrostomium aloifolium Blume; Orthoglottis imbricata
Breda; Oxystophyllum macrostoma Hassk.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, lesser Sunda Is., New
Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Vientiane (S).
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. C. Fisch.
(Dendrobium)
Callista aphylla (Roxb.) Kuntze; Cymbidium aphyllum (Roxb.) Sw.;
Dendrobium aphyllum Roxb.; Dendrobium cucullatum R. Br.;
Dendrobium madrasense A. D. Hawkes; Dendrobium oxyphyllum
Gagnep.; Dendrobium pierardii Roxb. ex Hook.; Dendrobium
pierardii Roxb. ex Hook. var. cucullatum (R. Br.) Hook. f.;
Limodorum aphyllum Roxb.; Pierardia bicolor Raf.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL251 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB24; P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman, V. Vannachak PB164; N); Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB304); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB257); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL280 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]; NUOL cult. OL319 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S);
Xaignabouri (N); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Ban Klua’ (S); ‘Central’ (S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest or lithophytic on
limestone cliffs covered with open forest including Euphorbia antiquorum L., 150543 m a.s.l. FebruaryJuly.
Note: Christenson and Wood (2003) have argued that the
name Dendrobium aphyllum should properly be applied to
the taxon that we list below as D. macrostachyum, whereas
279
the present species should be called D. cucullatum. We find
their arguments not fully convincing as they are mainly
based on the interpretation of an illustration by Roxburgh,
which may not have been very accurate. Moreover,
the size and colour of the flower as described and illustrated
by Roxburgh (as Limodorum aphyllum) speak against
D. macrostachyum. Since both D. aphyllum and D. macrostachyum are common and widespread taxa it would in our
opinion create unnecessary confusion to follow Christenson
and Wood in this case.
Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe (Formosae)
India (NE), Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1701 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
1000 m a.s.l. January, February, December.
Dendrobium braianense Gagnep. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium capillipes Rchb. f. var. braianense (Gagnep.) Aver.;
Dendrobium ejirii T. Yukawa; Dendrobium sukhakulii Hort.
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL508 [B.
Svengsuksa]); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL782 [P. Sengsomphou]). April.
Note: see under D. capillipes.
Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Callista brymeriana (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali
(P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB564);
Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in (open) evergreen montane forest, 12401800
m a.s.l.
August, September.
Dendrobium capillipes Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Callista capillipes (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Note: we have not seen the specimen cited by Seidenfaden.
It may be referable to D. braianense, which Seidenfaden
(1992) considered synonymous. These taxa seem to present
a parallel case with the species pair D. delacourii and
D. venustum, which likewise differ almost exclusively in the
stature of the pseudobulbs.
Dendrobium cariniferum Rchb. f. (Formosae)
Callista carinifera (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
280
India (NE), Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1648 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL964 [M. Newman
et al.]; N); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB313); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB227; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB295; S); Vientiane (S); Xaisomboun (N).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and in Fagaceae
dominated secondary and primary evergreen montane
forest, 10631365 m a.s.l. MarchJune.
Dendrobium christyanum Rchb. f. (Formosae)
Dendrobium margaritaceum Finet.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. PK1
[P. Bonnet]).
Epiphyte on small branch of a tree in open vegetation on a
rocky plateau with groundcover of moss and small herbs,
1245 m a.s.l. July.
Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista chrysantha (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium chrysanthum
Lindl. var. anophthalma Rchb. f.; Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl.
var. microphthalma Rchb. f.; Dendrobium paxtoni Lindl.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (sight record); Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL703 [P. Sengsomphou]); Xaisomboun (S, as D. ochreatum Lindl.); ‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S; possibly
Savannakhet).
In evergreen forest by a stream, 11001700 m a.s.l. April,
August, September.
Dendrobium chryseum Rolfe (Dendrobium)
Aporum rivesii (Gagnep.) Rauschert; Callista aurantiaca (Rchb. f.)
Kuntze; Callista clavata (Wall.) Kuntze; Dendrobium aurantiacum
Rchb. f.; Dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. f. var. denneanum (Kerr)
Z. H. Tsi; Dendrobium clavatum Lindl.; Dendrobium clavatum
Lindl. var. aurantiacum (Rchb. f.) Tang & F. T. Wang;
Dendrobium denneanum Kerr; Dendrobium flaviflorum Hayata;
Dendrobium rivesii Gagnep.; Dendrobium rolfei A. D. Hawkes &
A. H. Heller; Dendrobium tibeticum Schltr.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in light evergreen montane forest, 1100 m a.s.l.
April.
Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. (Densiflora)
Callista chrysotoxa (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista suavissima (Rchb. f.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. var. delacourii Gagnep.;
Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. var. suavissimum (Rchb. f.) Veitch;
Dendrobium suavissimum Rchb. f.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL655 [M.
Newman et al.]; S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL247
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL851
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Phongsali (sight records
[P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay; photos]; NUOL
cult. OL501 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Savannakhet (NUOL
cult. OL705 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL375 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Xaisomboun (S);
Xiangkhoang (NUOL cult. OL342 [B. Svengsuksa]; S);
‘Mape’ (S).
Epiphyte in evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, also on
small trees on rocky limestone hill, 3001063 m a.s.l.
JanuaryMay.
Dendrobium compactum Rolfe (Stachyobium)
Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL602 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB281).
Epiphyte in dense evergreen forest, 900 m a.s.l. October,
November.
Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista crepidata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista lawiana (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium actinomorphum Blatt. & Hallb.; Dendrobium
lawanum Lindl.; Dendrochilum roseum Dalz.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S); Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL139 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak
PB33; N); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL459 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]).
Epiphyte in decidusous dipterocarp forest, lithophyte at the
top of a high waterfall, 544 m a.s.l. March, April.
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (Crumenata)
Aporum crumenatum (Sw.) Brieger; Aporum kwashotense (Hayata)
Rauschert; Callista crumenata (Sw.) Kuntze; Ceraia parviflora
(Ames & C. Schweinf.) M. A. Clem.; Dendrobium crumenatum
Sw. var. parviflorum Ames & C. Schweinf.; Dendrobium kwashotense Hayata; Dendrobium schmidtianum Kraenzl.; Onychium
crumenatum (Sw.) Blume.
Seychelles, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma,
China, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas, Philippines, Australia. Laos: Attapu
(P. Bonnet PB539); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL569 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL663
[Savieng]); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in dry dipterocarp forest, 98 m a.s.l. March, May
July, October.
Dendrobium crystallinum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Callista crystallina (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium crystallinum
Rchb. f. var. ochroleucum Guillaumin.
Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL273 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL339 [B. Svengsuksa]); Vientiane
(S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in deciduous forest and open woodland, 400900
m a.s.l. April, May, July.
Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. (Calcarifera)
Callista cumulata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium eoum Ridl.;
Eurycaulis cumulatus (Lindl.) M. A. Clem.; Pedilonum eoum
(Ridl.) Rauschert.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Borneo. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1148
[M. Newman et al.]; N); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1221
[P. Bonnet]; S).
Epiphyte on tree trunk in gallery forest along a small
stream, 500770 m a.s.l. JulySeptember.
Dendrobium curviflorum Rolfe (Aporum)
Aporum curviflorum (Rolfe) M. A. Clem.
India, Burma, Thailand. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL807 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
May, June, October.
Dendrobium delacourii Guillaumin (Stachyobium)
Dendrobium ciliatum Parish ex Hook. var. breve Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium rupicola Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl. var. breve (Rchb. f.) J.
T. Atwood.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL183 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL322 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Xiangkhoang (S).
April, May.
Dendrobium deltatum Seidenf. (Distichophyllae)
Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in dense lowland forest. JulySeptember.
Dendrobium cf. densiflorum Wall. ex Lindl.
(Densiflora)
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Tibet, China (Yunnan). Laos: Phongsali (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay; photo], a single plant was seen from a
rather large distance growing high up in a tree; the
281
photograph taken does not allow a certain identification,
but the dense, pendulous inflorescences with yellow flowers
strongly suggest the present species; N).
Epiphyte on Pinus in open montane conifer woodland, also
in deciduous dipterocarp forest and in evergreen montane
ridge forest dominated by Fagaceae, 5541300 m a.s.l.
February, AugustOctober.
Epiphyte on large branch of a tall tree in riverine forest, 750
m a.s.l. April.
Dendrobium exile Schltr. (Crumenata)
Dendrobium devonianum Paxton (Dendrobium)
Callista devoniana (Paxton) Kuntze; Dendrobium moulmeinense
Hort. Low ex R.Warner & B. S. Williams; Dendrobium pictum
Griff. ex Lindl.; Dendrobium pulchellum Lodd. var. devonianum
(Paxton) Rchb. f.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB436; Kerr ADK 0837, n. v.);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL927 [M. Newman et al.];
N); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB260).
Aporum heterocaulon (Guillaumin) Rauschert; Ceraia exilis
(Schltr.) M. A. Clem.; Dendrobium heterocaulon Guillaumin.
China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL771 [P. Sengsomphou]).
November.
Dendrobium farmeri Paxton (Densiflora)
Callista farmeri (Paxton) Kuntze; Callista palpebrae (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium farmeri var. album Regel; Dendrobium
palpebrae Lindl.
Note: this is considered one of the most valuable species in
Chinese medicine, as a result it has been collected almost to
extinction.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL25 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL1274 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL389 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. May.
Dendrobium dixanthum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium faulhaberianum Schltr. (Breviflores)
Callista dixantha (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Dendrobium oxyanthum Gagnep.
Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: unspecified (S).
March.
China, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
500 m a.s.l. May.
Dendrobium draconis Rchb. f. (Formosae)
Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. (Dendrobium)
Callista draconis (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium andersonii J. Scott;
Dendrobium eburneum Rchb. f. ex Bateman.
Callista oculata (Hook.) Kuntze; Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.
var. oculatum Hook.; Dendrobium hawkesii A. H. Heller;
Dendrobium paxtoni Paxton; Dendrobium vagans Gagnep.
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest close to a high waterfall,
1077 m a.s.l. MarchAugust.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Attapu (S); Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL1355 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL826 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louang Namtha (NUOL
cult. OL646 [M. Newman et al.]); Louangphrabang (N);
Phongsali (S); Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. JanuaryMay.
Dendrobium ellipsophyllum Tang & F. T. Wang
(Distichophyllae)
Distichorchis ellipsophylla (Tang & F. T. Wang) M. A. Clem.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma, China (Yunan),
Borneo. Laos: Champasak (S, also photos seen); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB9; NUOL cult. OL611, OL 981 [M.
Newman et al.], OL1251, OL1296[B. Svengsuksa et al.];
N); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang
PB573); Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
282
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL537, OL1423, OL1699
[B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL1708); Khammouan (NUOL
cult. OL956 [M. Newman et al.]; P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K.
Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB63); Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB358); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB255); Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB88; S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also in humid evergreen forest on a limestone hill, and in secondary forest at
the base of a limestone hill, 3421500 m a.s.l. MarchMay.
Dendrobium findleyanum Parish & Rchb. f.
(Dendrobium)
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1633
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB349; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB382); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on limestone, 722
1236 m a.s.l. JanuaryApril.
Dendrobium friedricksianum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium friedricksianum Rchb. f. var. oculatum Seidenf. &
Smitinand.
Dendrobium henryi Schltr. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium daoense Simond ex Gagnep.; Dendrobium evaginatum
Gagnep.
China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB429); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1189 [P. Bonnet]).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest, also above a
small stream in gallery forest, 7591077 m a.s.l. May, June,
AugustOctober.
Thailand. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1306 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]). March, April.
Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb. f. (Breviflores)
Dendrobium gibsonii Paxton (Dendrobium)
Callista gibsonii (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.
var. gibsonii (Lindl.) Finet; Dendrobium fuscatum Lindl.
Callista annamensis Kraenzl.; Callista hercoglossa (Rchb. f.) Kuntze;
Callista vexans (Dammer) Kraenzl.; Dendrobium poilanei Guillaumin; Dendrobium vexans Dammer; Dendrobium wangii C. L. Tso;
Goldschmidtia gracilis Dammer.
Nepal, Bhutan, India, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos:
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB377).
India, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S).
Epiphyte in secondary montane forest, 1236 m a.s.l. July.
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl.
(Dendrobium)
Dendrobium gratiosissimum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Callista boxallii (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Callista gratiosissima (Rchb. f.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium boxallii Rchb. f.; Dendrobium bullerianum
Bateman.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL316a [P. Inthapanya.]);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL568 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL939 [M. Newman et al.]; S);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB228,
PB288); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in Fagaceae dominated primary and secondary
evergreen and semi-deciduous montane forest, 10631365
m a.s.l. MarchMay.
Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb. f. (Densiflora)
Callista harveyana (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL965 [M. Newman et al.]; N).
March, April.
Note: the NUOL specimen has much smaller flowers than
is usual for this species. It is interesting to note that the
same phenomenon was observed in D. parishii and D.
wardianum. In each case so little material is available from
Laos that it is at present impossible to say if these smallflowered forms are normal for this country.
Callista aurea (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista heterocarpa (Wall. ex
Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium atractodes Ridl.; Dendrobium aureum
Lindl.; Dendrobium aureum Lindl. var. henshallii (Hook.) Veitch;
Dendrobium aureum Lindl. var. pallidum Lindl.; Dendrobium
aureum Lindl. var. philippinense Rchb. f.; Dendrobium aureum
Lindl. var. rhombeum (Lindl.) Stein; Dendrobium heterocarpum
Wall. ex Lindl. var. pallidum (Lindl.) Kraenzl.; Dendrobium
heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. var. philippinense (Rchb. f.) Kraenzl.;
Dendrobium minahassae Kraenzl.; Dendrobium rhombeum Lindl.
Sri Lanka, India (Deccan), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL505 [B. Svengsuksa]; S).
1000 m a.s.l. February, March.
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. (Aporum)
Aporum incrassatum Blume; Aporum indivisum Blume; Callista
eulophota (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista incrassata (Lindl.) Kuntze;
Callista indivisa (Blume) Kuntze; Dendrobium eulophotum Lindl.;
Dendrobium incrassatum (Blume) Miq.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. Laos:
Attapu (P. Bonnet PB538); Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL50 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL658 [Savieng]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL386 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); ‘Phu Quoc’ (S).
Epiphyte in dry dipterocarp forest, 98 m a.s.l. MarchJuly.
283
Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl. (Formosae)
Dendrobium langbianense Gagnep. (Stachyobium)
Callista infundibulum (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium jamesianum
Rchb. f.
Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman
PB144).
India (NE), Burma, Thailand. Laos: Xaisomboun (S).
2500 m a.s.l. November.
Epiphyte on tree trunk in disturbed forest on the margin of
a small open plateau on a limestone mountain, 1400 m
a.s.l. November.
Dendrobium jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl. (Densiflora)
Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb. var. jenkinsii (Wall. ex Lindl.) King
& Pantl.; Dendrobium marseillei Gagnep.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1308 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL474 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB279);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen montane forest, 907 m a.s.l.
February, March.
Dendrobium leonis (Lindl.) Rchb. f. (Aporum)
Aporum leonis Lindl.; Callista leonis (Lindl.) Kuntze.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
P2 [P. Bonnet]; NUOL cult. OL51, OL1654b [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; N); ‘southern’ (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, 250 m a.s.l.
June, August, October, December.
Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. (Densiflora)
Dendrobium lagarum Seidenf. (Crumenata)
Ceraia lagara (Seidenf.) M. A. Clem.
Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1428).
January.
Dendrobium lamellatum (Blume) Lindl. (Platycaulon)
Callista lamellata (Blume) Kuntze; Dendrobium compressum Lindl.;
Eurycaulis compressus (Lindl.) M. A. Clem.; Eurycaulis lamellatus
(Blume) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones; Onychium lamellatum
Blume; Pedilonum lamellatum (Blume) Brieger.
Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Dendrobium lamyaiae Seidenf. (Dendrobium)
Laos: ‘Brikhanchai Province, Khong Mack District, Nam
Ching Village’ (Sukhakul GT 9771, type of D. lamyaiae, C,
n.v., see note below); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1207 [P.
Bonnet]; NUOL cult. OL250 [S. Sopraseuth]; Kerr 1960,
n. v., see note under D. unicum).
Epiphyte in open montane conifer woodland, 889 m a.s.l.
July, August.
Note: originally published as D. lanyaiae, a name that
turned to contain an orthographic error (Seidenfaden and
Pedersen 2002). The type locality cited by Seidenfaden
(1996) is puzzling, since there is neither a Brikhanchai
province, nor a Khong Mack district in Laos, and we have
been unable to locate a Nam Ching village.
284
Callista aggregata (Roxb.) Kuntze; Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb.
India (NE, Deccan), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL101 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL641 [M. Newman et al.]; N); Louang Namtha (NUOL
cult. OL677 [S. Nilsavang]); Louangphrabang (S); Saravan
(N); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL278 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
S); Xiangkhoang (N).
Lowlands. February, March.
Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista lituiflora (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium hanburyanum
Rchb. f.
Thailand, Vietnam, India (NE), Burma, China. Laos:
Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (P. Bonnet, T. Keokene
PB197; S).
Epiphyte in crown of a solitary garden tree. March.
Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe (Dendrobium)
Callista loddigesii (Rolfe) Kuntze; Dendrobium pulchellum Lodd.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte at base of small tree in montane scrub, 1100 m
a.s.l. April.
Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista macrostachya (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista stuartii (F. M.
Bailey) Kuntze; Callista tetrodon (Rchb.f. ex Lindl.) Kuntze;
Dendrobium stuartii F. M. Bailey; Dendrobium tetrodon Rchb. f. ex
Lindl.; Dendrobium tetrodon Rchb. f. ex Lindl. var. vanvuurenii J.
J. Sm.; Dendrobium viridicatum Ridl.; Dendrobium whiteanum T.
E. Hunt.
Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, New Guinea, Australia. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1720).
May, June.
Dendrobium mannii Ridl. (Aporum)
Aporum mannii (Ridl.) Rauschert.
India (NE), Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL513 [B. Svengsuksa]).
November, December.
Dendrobium monticola P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
(Stachyobium)
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Saravan (N); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. February.
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista nobilis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium chlorostylum Simond
ex Gagnep.; Dendrobium coerulescens Wall. ex Lindl.; Dendrobium
lindleyanum Griff.; Dendrobium nobile Lindl. f. nobilius (Rchb. f.)
Hiroe.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB256, PB289); Saravan (S);
Vientiane (S); Xaignabouri (S); Xaisomboun (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen montane ridge forest, also in
the lowlands. 1701365 m a.s.l. March, April.
218.1. Callista alpestris (Royle) Kuntze; Dendrobium alpestre
Royle; Dendrobium pusillum D. Don; Dendrobium roylei A. D.
Hawkes & A. H. Heller; Dendrobium roylei Hiroe.
Dendrobium oligophyllum Simond ex Gagnep.
(Distichophyllae)
India, Nepal, China, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL1637 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL
cult. OL1162 [M. Newman et al.]); Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL778 [P. Sengsomphou]).
January, SeptemberDecember.
Dendrobium tixieri Guillaumin.
Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw.
(Dendrobium)
Dendrobium pachyglossum Parish & Rchb. f.
(Conostalix)
Callista moschata (Buch.-Ham.) Kuntze; Cymbidium moschatum
(Buch.-Ham.) Willd.; Dendrobium calceolaria Carey ex Hook.;
Dendrobium cupreum Herb. ex Lindl.; Epidendrum moschatum
Buch.-Ham.; Thicuania moschata (Buch.-Ham.) Raf.
Callista pachyglossa (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Conostalix
pachyglossa (Parish & Rchb. f.) Rauschert; Dendrobium abietinum
Ridl.; Dendrobium fallax Guillaumin.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (NUOL cult. OL291 [V. Lamxay
et al.]); Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL1698 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S);
Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL1047 [V. Lamxay et al.]);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL444 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S);
‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S; possibly Savannakhet).
Lowlands. MarchJuly.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL1002 [V. Lamxay et al.]).
July, October, December.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Attapu (P. Bonnet PB535); Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1230 [P.Bonnet]; NUOL cult. OL666 [Savieng]);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL528 [B. Svengsuksa]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL952 [M. Newman et al.]; N);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1206 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Epiphyte in open montane conifer woodland, also in
secondary humid evergreen lowland forest, 169971 m
a.s.l. July, August, October.
Dendrobium multilineatum Kerr (Formosae)
Vietnam. Laos: Xaisomboun (S).
Epiphyte on trees in evergreen montane forest, 1900 m a.s.l.
April.
Dendrobium nathanielis Rchb. f. (Aporum)
Aporum cuspidatum Wall. ex Lindl.; Aporum nathanielis (Rchb. f.)
M. A. Clem.; Callista nathanielis (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium
cuspidatum Lindl.; Dendrobium multiflorum Parish & Rchb. f.
Dendrobium parciflorum Rchb. f. ex Lindl.
(Strongyle)
Aporum jenkinsii Griff.; Callista jenkinsii (Griff.) Kuntze; Dendrobium hainanense Rolfe; Dendrobium perula Rchb. f.
India (NE), China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL525 [B. Svengsuksa]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL973 [M. Newman et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Saravan (S); Vientiane (S).
1000 m a.s.l. August, September.
285
Dendrobium parcum Rchb. f. (Herbacea)
Callista parca (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium hexadesmia Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium listeroglossum Kraenzl.; Dendrobium parcoides Guillaumin; Dendrobium tapingense W. W. Sm.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL132 [B. Svengsuksa et al.].
Dendrobium parishii Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Callista parishii Kuntze.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (S); Louangphrabang
(NUOL cult. OL593b [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Vientiane
(S).
April, May.
Note: the NUOL specimen has flowers about half the
normal size for this species. See also note under D.
harveyanum.
Dendrobium pendulum Roxb. (Dendrobium)
Callista crassinodis (Benson & Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Callista pendula
(Roxb.) Kuntze; Dendrobium crassinode Benson & Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium crassinode Benson & Rchb. f. var. albiflora Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium crassinode Benson & Rchb. f. var. barbarianum
Rchb. f.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL91 [B. Svengsuksa et al.],
OL550 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (S); Vientiane (S);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in light evergreen montane forest, 1100 m a.s.l.
FebruaryApril.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos:
Champasak (P. Bonnet PB520, found on local market,
collected in the surrounding countryside).
July.
Dendrobium porphyrophyllum Guillaumin (Aporum)
Aporum porphyrophyllum (Guillaumin) M. A. Clem.; Dendrobium
indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. lampangense Rolfe; Dendrobium
neolampangense Aver.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. April.
Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. ex Lindl.
(Dendrobium)
Callista pulchella (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium brevifolium Hort. ex Lindl.; Dendrobium dalhousieanum Wall.
India (NE), Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL67
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1026
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Savannakhet
(NUOL cult. OL1034 [V. Lamxay et al.], OL1043 [V.
Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL357 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Xaignabouri (S).
Lowlands. MarchJune.
Dendrobium ruckeri Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista ramosa (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista ruckeri (Lindl.) Kuntze;
Dendrobium chittimae Seidenf.; Dendrobium pseudointricatum
Guillaumin, syn. nov.; Dendrobium ramosum Lindl.
Dendrobium polyanthum Lindl. (Dendrobium)
India, Bhutan, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL1647 [B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL1721).
February, March.
Callista cretacea (Lindl.) Kunzte; Callista primulina (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium cretaceum Lindl.; Dendrobium primulinum
Lindl.
Dendrobium salaccense (Blume) Lindl. (Grastidium)
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Andaman Is., China, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak NUOL cult. OL580b [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL805 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.], OL859 [B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL1319
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB258; NUOL cult. OL340 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult. OL728 [P. Sengsomphou]);
Vientiane (S); ‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S; possibly
Savannakhet).
Lowlands. March, April.
Callista intermedia (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kuntze; Callista salaccensis
(Blume) Kuntze; Dendrobium bambusifolium Parish & Rchb. f.;
Dendrobium intermedium Teijsm. & Binn.; Grastidium bambusifolium (Parish & Rchb. f.) Brieger; Grastidium salaccense Blume.
Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl. (Stachyobium)
Epiphyte in deciduous dipterocarp forest, also lithophytic
on damp, shady, humus-covered rock at the top of a 15 m
high waterfall, 307540 m a.s.l. April, July, October.
Callista porphyrochila (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium caespitosum
King & Pantl.
286
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(NUOL cult. OL1118 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet,
K. Chanthavongsa]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler,
K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB25); Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL414 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Dendrobium scabrilingue Lindl. (Formosae)
Callista scabrilinguis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium galactanthum
Schltr.; Dendrobium hedyosmum Bateman ex Hook. f.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
1500 m a.s.l. January.
Epiphyte at base of a large tree trunk along a river, on Pinus
in open montane conifer woodland, and on trees in open
scrub, 2001500 m a.s.l. JanuaryApril.
Dendrobium signatum Rchb. f. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium hildebrandii Rolfe; Dendrobium tortile Lindl. var.
hildebrandii (Rolfe) Tang & F. T. Wang.
Dendrobium schildhaueri Ormerod & H. A. Pedersen
(Formosae)
Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL661 [Savieng]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1681 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL833 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]; N); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL1031 [V. Lamxay
et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1128 [P. Bonnet];
NUOL cult. OL372 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Xaisomboun
(NUOL cult. OL361 [V. Lamxay et al.]).
Epiphyte in secondary forest and on small trees in open
Pinus woodland, 2971000 m a.s.l. JuneOctober.
Dendrobium schrautii Schildh. (Formosae)
Dendrobium phi Christenson ex Aver.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL96 [B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL133
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL606,
OL632, OL639, OL654, OL803 [B. Svengsuksa et al.],
OL898 [M. Newman et al.]; N).
FebruaryApril.
Dendrobium spatella Rchb. f. (Aporum)
Aporum banaense (Gagnep.) Rauschert; Aporum spatella (Rchb. f.)
M. A. Clem.; Callista spatella (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium
banaense Gagnep.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1131 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]);
Khammouan (N); Vientiane (S).
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1648 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]).
Epiphyte at 2 m above the ground on a tree trunk in
secondary humid evergreen lowland forest, 169 m a.s.l.
MayJuly, October, November.
Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. (Pedilonum)
Dendrobium strongylanthum Rchb. f. (Stachyobium)
Callista bursigera (Lindl.) Kuntze; Callista secunda (Blume)
Kuntze; Dendrobium bursigerum Lindl.; Dendrobium heterostigma
Rchb. f.; Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. f. album Valmayor
& D. Tiu; Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. var. album
Sander; Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. var. bursigerum
(Lindl.) Ridl.; Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. var. niveum
Rchb. f.; Pedilonum bursigerum (Lindl.) Rauschert; Pedilonum
secundum Blume.
Callista strongylantha (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium ctenoglossum
Schltr.
India, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Attapu (S);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL171 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL914 [M. Newman et al.]);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL317 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S);
Xaignabouri (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in open lowland forest. February, March.
Dendrobium senile Parish ex Rchb. f. (Formosae)
Callista senilis (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1111 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1214 [P. Bonnet]; S); Xiangkhoang (S).
India, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB162).
Epiphyte on tree trunk in disturbed forest on the margin of
a small open plateau on a limestone mountain, 1400 m
a.s.l. November.
Dendrobium stuposum Lindl. (Stuposa)
Callista flavidula (Ridl. ex Hook. f.) Kuntze; Callista stuposa
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium exsculptum Teijsm. & Binn.;
Dendrobium exsculptum Teijsm. & Binn. var. purpureum J. J.
Sm.; Dendrobium flavidulum Ridl. ex Hook. f.; Dendrobium
pristinum Ames; Dendrobium spegidoglossum Rchb. f.
India, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: Champasak
(P. Bonnet PB548, found on local market, collected in the
surrounding countryside).
July, August.
Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl. (Densiflora)
Callista sulcata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl. var.
polyantha Rolfe.
287
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb. f. ex Andr.
(Densiflora)
Callista thyrsiflora (Rchb. f.) M. A. Clem.; Dendrobium densiflorum
Wall. ex Lindl. var. albolutea Hook. f.; Dendrobium galliceanum
Linden.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL162 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
NUOL cult. OL1646 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL940 [M. Newman et al.]; N); Louang
Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB341; P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB311; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB370); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB240; P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB290; S); Vientiane (S, sight
record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman]).
Epiphyte in dry evergreen forest, in mixed deciduous forest,
in riverine forest, in Fagaceae dominated secondary and
primary evergreen montane forest, and in disturbed forest
near the summit of a high limestone mountain, 7001400
m a.s.l. February, April, May.
Note: one of the most frequent epiphytic orchids in Laos.
Dendrobium tortile Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Callista tortilis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Dendrobium dartoisianum De
Wild.; Dendrobium haniffii Ridl.; Dendrobium haniffii Ridl. var.
dartoisianum (De Wild.) A. D. Hawkes; Dendrobium tortile Lindl.
var. dartoisianum (De Wild.) O’Brien ex Kraenzl.; Dendrobium
tortile Lindl. var. simondii Gagnep.
Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane
(S).
Dendrobium transparens Lindl. (Dendrobium)
Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. (Dendrobium)
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL567
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]);?Vientiane (S, see note below);
‘Bolovens’ (S).
February, December.
Note: Seidenfaden’s record from Vientiane Province (based
on Kerr 2275 from Phou Khao Khouay) is probably D.
lamyaiae. Kerr’s description (1969, as D. arachnites Rchb. f.,
based on Kerr 1960 from Phou Khao Khouay) fits the
latter, rather than D. unicum. We have observed
D. lamyaiae ourselves in Phou Khao Khouay but have
never seen D. unicum there. Dendrobium unicum is
probably restricted to southern Laos and flowers during
the cool dry season, whereas D. lamyaiae is only known
from central Laos and flowers during the rainy season.
Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. & Binn.
(Stachyobium)
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1009 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult.
OL1685 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL
cult. OL296 [V. Lamxay et al.]; S); Savannakhet (NUOL
cult. OL1039 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1224 [P. Bonnet]; NUOL cult. OL320 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]; S); Xaignabouri (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Lithophytic on a bare rock face in open vegetation, 297 m
a.s.l. JuneOctober.
Dendrobium wardianum R. Warner (Dendrobium)
Callista wardiana (R. Warner) Kuntze; Dendrobium wardianum R.
Warner var. candidum Hook. f.
Bhutan, India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1716).
May.
Callista transparens (Wall.) Kuntze; Dendrobium henshallii Rchb. f.
Note: the NUOL collection cited has unusually small
flowers, only half the normal size for this species. See also
note under D. harveyanum.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma. Laos: Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB298, cultivated in a
private garden in the town of Louang Namtha, collected by
the owner in Louang Namtha province).
April.
Diploprora championii (Lindl. ex Benth.) Hook. f.
Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb. f. (Formosae)
Callista trigonopus (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium velutinum Rolfe.
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL645 [M. Newman et al.]; NUOL cult.
OL821 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]), OL1300 [B. Svengsuksa et
al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL309 [N. Soulivong]; S).
1800 m a.s.l. MarchMay.
288
Cottonia championii Lindl. ex Benth.; Diploprora bicaudata
(Thwaites) Schltr.; Luisia bicaudata Thwaites; Stauropsis championii (Lindl.) Tang & F. T. Wang; Vanda bicaudata (Thwaites)
Thwaites.
India (Deccan, NE), Sri Lanka, Burma, China, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB501,
found on local market, collected in the surrounding
countryside); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1157 [M.
Newman et al.]; N).
Epiphyte in a shady wet evergreen forest, 1200 m a.s.l. June,
July.
Drymoda picta Lindl.
Bulbophyllum pictum Parish & Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: unspecified (S).
Drymoda siamensis Schltr.
Thailand. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL982 [M.
Newman et al.]); Vientiane (S).
1800 m a.s.l. March.
Galera pallida (Wight) Blume; Galera rolfei Harata; Galera rosea
(D. Don) Blume; Gastrodia schinziana Kraenzl.; Limodorum
roseum D. Don; Podanthera pallida Wight; Stereosandra schinziana
(Kraenzl.) Garay.
Tropical Africa, tropical continental Asia, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda
Is., Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in evergreen forest, 600 m a.s.l. April.
Eparmatostigma dives (Rchb. f.) Garay
Eria acervata Lindl. (Hymeneria)
Saccolabium chrysoplectrum Guillaumin; Saccolabium chrysoplectrum Guillaumin var. albiflorum Guillaumin; Saccolabium dives
Rchb. f.
Dendrobium seriatum Wall. ex Hook. f.; Eria poilanei Gagnep.;
Pinalia acervata (Lindl.) Kuntze.
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum,
A. Schuiteman PB131).
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Tibet, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL90 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S).
June.
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on the slope of a steep
limestone hill, 648 m a.s.l. May.
Eria amica Rchb. f. (Hymeneria)
Epigeneium amplum (Lindl.) Summerh.
Bulbophyllum amplum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Callista ampla (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Dendrobium amplum Lindl.; Dendrobium coelogyne Rchb. f.;
Epigeneium coelogyne (Rchb. f.) Summerh.; Katherinea ampla (Lindl.)
A. D. Hawkes; Sarcopodium amplum (Lindl.) Lindl. & Paxton.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB374).
Epiphyte in secondary evergreen montane forest, 1236 m
a.s.l. November, December.
Epigeneium clemensiae Gagnep.
Epigeneium delacourii Gagnep.; Sarcopodium clemensiae (Gagnep.)
Tang & F. T. Wang.
China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Khammouan (N).
Eria confusa Hook. f.; Pinalia amica (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Pinalia
confusa (Hook. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL1170 [M. Newman et al.]); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB224); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in Fagaceae dominated secondary evergreen montane forest, 6001500 m a.s.l. March, April, September.
Eria biflora Griff. (Cylindrolobus)
Cylindrolobus biflorus (Griff.) Rauschert; Pinalia biflora (Griff.)
Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, lesser Sunda Is. Laos:
‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epipactis flava Seidenf.
Arthrochilium flavum (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Eria bilobulata Seidenf. (Pinalia)
Thailand. Laos: Attapu (S).
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Epipogium roseum (D. Don) Lindl.
Eria bipunctata Lindl. (Pinalia)
Ceratopsis rosea (D. Don) Lindl.; Epipogium dentilabellum Ohtani
& S. Suzuki; Epipogium guilfoylii F. Muell.; Epipogium japonicum
Makino; Epipogium nutans (Blume) Rchb. f.; Epipogium nutans
(Blume) Rchb. f. var. celebicus Schltr.; Epipogium poneranthum
Fukuy.; Epipogium sinicum C. L. Tso; Epipogium tuberosum
Duthie; Epipogon kusukusense Hayata; Epipogon kusukusensis
(Hayata) Schltr.; Epipogon makinoanus Schltr.; Epipogon rolfei
(Hayata) Schltr.; Galera kusukusensis Hayata; Galera nutans Blume;
Eria eberhardtii Gagnep.; Pinalia bipunctata (Lindl.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1425); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL763 [P.
Sengsomphou]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL424 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]).
August.
289
Eria boniana (Gagnep.) Tang & F. T. Wang (Eria)
Eria donnaiensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. (Hymeneria)
Dendrobium bonianum Gagnep.; Eria petelotii Gagnep.
Dendrobium donnaiense Gagnep.
Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C.
Loinheuang PB560).
Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S).
Lithophyte in ravine in dense secondary humid evergreen
forest, close to a waterfall. AugustOctober.
Eria globulifera Seidenf. (Pinalia)
Note: Seidenfaden (1992) includes this and the related
species E. corneri Rchb. f. and E. clausa King & Pantl.
in section Trichosma. Based on an examination of the
vegetative and floral morphology of a living specimen
of E. boniana we believe these three species, as well as
the similar E. vittata Lindl., to be members of section Eria.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB361); Saravan (S); Vientiane (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman
PB94; S).
Epiphyte and lithophyte in evergreen forest on limestone,
342722 m a.s.l. August, September.
Eria hindei Summerh. (Secundae)
Eria bractescens Lindl. (Hymeneria)
Dendrobium subterrestre Gagnep.; Eria dillwynii Hook.; Eria
griffithii Rchb. f.; Eria hemimelaena Rchb. f.; Eria littoralis Teijsm.
& Binn.; Eria pulchella Griff.; Pinalia bractescens (Lindl.) Kuntze;
Pinalia pulchella (Griff.) Kuntze; Tropilis subterrestris (Gagnep.)
Rauschert.
India (NE), Andaman Isl., Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. February, March.
Eria dasypus Rchb. f. (Hymeneria)
Pinalia dasypus (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1188
[P. Bonnet]).
Epiphyte on Pinus trunk in open montane conifer woodland, 767 m a.s.l. October, November.
Eria discolor Lindl. (Tylostylis)
Callostylis rigida Blume; Callostylis rigida Blume subsp. discolor
(Lindl.) Brieger; Eria pholidotoides Gagnep.; Eria rigida (Blume)
Rchb. f.; Liparis bidentata Griff.; Tylostylis discolor (Lindl.) Hook.
f.; Tylostylis rigida (Blume) Ridl.
India (NE), Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB431);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL551 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
N); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL886 [M. Newman et
al.]; N); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman
PB333); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB572); Vientiane (S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte in both dry and humid evergreen montane forest,
8001150 m a.s.l. February, November.
290
Eria porteri Seidenf. & Kerr.
Cambodia, Vietnam, India (NE). Laos: Bolikhamxai (S);
Vientiane (S).
Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume (Eria)
Callista perakensis (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Dendrobium javanicum Sw.;
Dendrobium perakense Hook. f.; Dendrolirium rugosum Blume;
Eria cochleata Lindl.; Eria fragrans Rchb. f.; Eria inamoena Schltr.;
Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume var. philippinensis Kraenzl.; Eria
pseudostellata Schltr.; Eria rugosa (Blume) Lindl.; Eria stellata
Lindl.; Eria striolata Rchb. f.; Eria vaginata (Breda) Benth.;
Katherinea perakensis (Hook. f.) A. D. Hawkes; Octomeria stellata
(Lindl.) Spreng.; Octomeria vaginata Breda; Pinalia fragrans
(Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Pinalia rugosa (Blume) Kuntze; Pinalia stellata
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Pinalia striolata (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Sarcopodium
perakense (Hook. f.) Kraenzl.; Tainia sessilifolia Fraser; Tainia
stellata (Lindl.) Pfitzer.
India (NE), Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas,
New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB465);
Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB216); Vientiane (P. Bonnet PB187; S).
Epiphyte in open xeric forest on summit of limestone hill
and on large Ficus tree in riverine forest, 457737 m a.s.l.
July, August.
Eria laniceps Rchb. f. (Dendrolirium)
India (NE), Thailand, Burma. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod (Dendrolirium)
Aerides lasiopetala Willd.; Dendrobium macranthum de Vriese ex
Lindl.; Dendrobium pubescens Hook.; Dendrolirium albidotomentosum Blume; Epidendrum lasiopetalum (Willd.) Poir.; Eria
albidotomentosa (Blume) Lindl.; Eria albidotomentosa (Blume)
Lindl. var. pelor Carr; Eria flava Lindl.; Eria pubescens (Hook.)
Lindl.; Eria pubescens (Hook.) Steud.; Octomeria flava Wall. ex
Lindl.; Octomeria pubescens (Hook.) Spreng.; Pinalia albidotomentosa (Blume) Kuntze; Pinalia pubescens (Hook.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1116 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet,
K. Chanthavongsa]; S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL234
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P.
Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB18); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1190 [P. Bonnet]; NUOL cult. OL333 [S.
Sopraseuth]; S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and gallery forest, also
lithophytic on rocks in a large stream, very close to the
water, 307759 m a.s.l. FebruaryApril, SeptemberNovember.
Eria muscicola (Lindl.) Lindl. (Conchidium)
Dendrobium muscicola Lindl.; Dendrobium parviflorum D. Don;
Pinalia muscicola (Lindl.) Kuntze.
?Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Tibet,
China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
1500 m a.s.l. August.
Eria ornata (Blume) Lindl. (Dendrolirium)
Dendrolirium ornatum Blume; Eria armeniaca Lindl.; Pinalia
ornata (Blume) Kuntze.
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL241 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
June.
Eria paniculata Lindl. (Mycaranthes)
Dendrobium floribundum D. Don; Pinalia paniculata (Lindl.)
Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S); Bolikhamxai (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB413);
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL157 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Houaphan (S); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
also in open montane forest. 10771300 m a.s.l. February,
April, June.
Eria pannea Lindl. (Strongyleria)
Eria calamifolia Hook. f.; Eria nivosa Ridl.; Eria odoratissima
Teijsm. & Binn.; Eria teretifolia Griff.; Pinalia calamifolia (Hook.
f.) Kuntze; Pinalia pannea (Lindl.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB419; NUOL cult. OL1229 [P.
Bonnet]; N); Champasak (P. Bonnet PB554); Houaphan
(NUOL cult. OL883 [P. Thomas et al.]); Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB5;
N); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB332);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB210);
‘Bolovens’ (S); ‘Phu Khao Khouai’ (S).
Epiphyte in dense evergreen forest near a waterfall, in
secondary evergreen lowland forest near a waterfall, in open
montane conifer woodland, in deciduous dipterocarp forest
and in mixed deciduous forest, 1691500 m a.s.l. January,
AprilJuly, December.
Eria perpusilla Parish & Rchb. f. (Conchidium)
Eria microphyton Schltr.; Gunnarorchis perpusilla (Parish & Rchb.
f.) Brieger; Pinalia perpusilla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet,
T. Keokene PB192); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL813
[B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL975 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte at base of a tree trunk near a riverbank in
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 3071000 m a.s.l. February.
Eria pudica Ridl. (Pinalia)
Bryobium pudicum (Ridl.) Y. P. Ng & P. J. Cribb; Eria monophylla
Schltr.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL
cult. OL1115 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]).
Epiphyte in deciduous forest at 2 m high in a tree along a
large stream, 307 m a.s.l. June, July.
Eria siamensis Schltr. (Secundae)
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL870); Houaphan (NUOL cult. OL871 [P. Thomas et
al.]; N).
January.
Eria spirodela Aver. (Conchidium)
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1095 [D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL980 [M. Newman et al.]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1195 [P. Bonnet]).
Epiphyte in secondary humid evergreen forest, in gallery
forest over a small stream, and on large smooth boulders in
a stream together with Porpax elwesii and mosses, 169759
m a.s.l. July, August.
291
Eria sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie (Hymeneria)
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma. Laos: Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB385); Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL798 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Xaisomboun
(S).
Epiphyte in forest on limestone, 12361500 m a.s.l. June.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Nicobar Is., Burma, China,
Ryukyu Is., Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. February.
Eulophia herbacea Lindl.
Eulophia albiflora Edgew. ex Lindl.
Eria tomentosa (J. Koenig) Hook. f. (Dendrolirium)
Epidendrum tomentosum J. Koenig; Pinalia tomentosa (J. Koenig)
Kuntze.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL145 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL456 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Xaignabouri (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
170800 m a.s.l. February, May, June.
Eria truncata Lindl. (Cylindrolobus)
India, Nepal, China, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Eulophia macrobulbon (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
Cyrtopera macrobulbon Parish & Rchb. f.; Eulophia cambodiensis
Guillaumin.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL649 [M. Newman et al.];
N).
February.
Cylindrolobus truncatus (Lindl.) Rauschert; Eria chrysobractea
Schltr.; Eria trilamellata Rolfe; Pinalia truncata (Lindl.) Kuntze.
Eulophia pauciflora Guillaumin
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S); Xaisomboun (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (S).
Epiphyte in evergreen montane forest, 14001900 m a.s.l.
April.
Eulophia promensis Lindl.
Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Hayata) Garay
Galeola ochobiensis Hayata.
India (NE), Burma, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is., Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Champasak (S).
Eulophia andamanensis Rchb. f.
Eulophia keithii Ridl.; Eulophia poilanei Gagnep.
Andaman Is., Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL834 [S. Bouamanivong]; S).
Terrestrial among rocks in open vegetation on hilltop.
March, April.
Eulophia dufossei Guillaumin
Thailand, Cambodia. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Eulophia graminea Lindl.
Eulophia decipiens Kurz; Eulophia gusukumai Masam.; Eulophia
inconspicua Griff.; Eulophia ramosa Hayata; Eulophia sinensis Miq.;
Eulophia ucbii Malhotra & Balodi; Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz)
Kuntze; Graphorkis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze; Graphorkis inconspicua (Griff.) Kuntze.
292
Ania promensis (Lindl.) Senghas; Ascotainia promensis (Lindl.)
Schltr.; Eulophia geniculata King & Pantl.; Eulophia massiei
Guillaumin; Tainia promensis (Lindl.) Hook. f.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. August.
Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh
Cypripedium bulbosum Blanco; Cyrtopera fusca Wight; Cyrtopera
gardneri Thwaites; Cyrtopera godefroyi Rchb. f.; Cyrtopera laxiflora
Gardner ex Thwaites; Cyrtopera mysorensis Lindl.; Cyrtopera nuda
(Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Cyrtopera plicata Lindl.; Cyrtopera regnieri Rchb.
f.; Cyrtopodium bicolor (Blume) Ridl.; Cyrtopodium fuscum (Wight)
Trimen; Cyrtopodium squalidum (Lindl.) S. Vidal; Dipodium
plicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Dipodium ranala Buch.-Ham. ex
Wall.; Dipodium roniata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Eulophia bicolor
Blume; Eulophia bicolor Blume var. celebica J. J. Sm.; Eulophia
bicolor Dalz.; Eulophia burkei Rolfe ex Downie; Eulophia celebica
Blume; Eulophia elata Hook. f.; Eulophia elongata Blume;
Eulophia fusca (Wight) Blume; Eulophia hildebrandii Schltr.;
Eulophia holochila Collett & Hemsl.; Eulophia lutea Blume;
Eulophia mucronata Blume; Eulophia nuda Lindl.; Eulophia
regnieri (Rchb. f.) Guillaumin; Eulophia squalida Lindl.; Eulophia
squalida Lindl. var. celebica (Blume) Schltr.; Eulophia squalida
Lindl. var. neoguineensis Schltr.; Eulophia sumatrana Blume;
Geodorum pierrei Gagnep.; Graphorkis elata (Hook. f.) Kuntze;
Graphorkis lutea (Blume) Kuntze; Graphorkis squalida (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Graphorkis sumatrana (Blume) Kuntze; Phaius steppicola
Hand.-Mazz.; Semiphajus chevalieri Gagnep.; Wolfia spectabilis
Dennst.
Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Nicobar Isl., Burma, China
(Yunnan), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Ma-
laysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Fiji, Tonga.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL159 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Louang Namtha (S); Savannakhet (S); Xaignabouri
(S); Xaisomboun (NUOL cult. OL359 [V. Lamxay et al.]);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Terrestrial in savannah, 900 m a.s.l. March, April.
Geodorum candidum (Roxb.) Lindl.
Geodorum attenuatum Griff.; Geodorum candidum Wall.; Geodorum cochinchinense Gagnep.; Geodorum laoticum Guillaumin;
Geodorum regnieri Gagnep.; Limodorum candidum Roxb.
Burma, China (Yunnan, Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (S); Xaignabouri (S).
Terrestrial in light evergreen forest, 200 m a.s.l. April, May.
Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf.
China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(P. Bonnet PB530); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL777
[P. Sengsomphou]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1219
[P. Bonnet]; S); Xiangkhoang (NUOL cult. OL341
[B. Svengsuksa]).
Epiphyte on tree trunk in a large stream in gallery forest,
7811100 m a.s.l. June, July.
Flickingeria ritaeana (King & Pantl.) A. D. Hawkes
Dendrobium ritaeanum King & Pantl.; Desmotrichum ritaeanum
(King & Pantl.) Kraenzl.; Ephemerantha ritaeana (King & Pantl.)
P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
India (NE), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB406).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
1077 m a.s.l. May.
Gastrochilus bellinus (Rchb. f.) Kuntze
Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook.
Cionisaccus lanceolatus Breda; Cordylestylis foliosa Falc.; Epipactis
parviflora (Blume) Eaton; Epipactis philippinensis Ames; Epipactis
procera (Ker Gawl.) Eaton; Goodyera carnea A. Rich.; Goodyera
lancifolia Franch. & Sav.; Goodyera parviflora (Blume) Blume;
Goodyera philippinensis (Ames) Schltr.; Leucostachys procera (Ker
Gawl.) Hoffmanns.; Neottia parviflora Blume; Neottia procera Ker
Gawl.; Orchiodes parviflorum (Blume) Kuntze; Orchiodes procerum
(Ker Gawl.) Kuntze; Peramium procerum (Ker Gawl.) Makino;
Spiranthes parviflora (Blume) Hassk.
Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan,
Ryukyu Arch., Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, lesser Sunda
Is., Philippines. Laos: Attapu (S); Louangphrabang (P.
Bonnet PB180); Oudomxai (sight record [P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman; photo]); Xiangkhoang (S).
Terrestrial at the bank of a small stream and in
open herbaceous vegetation at the top of a waterfall
in evergreen forest, also on rock in a stream, 400555 m
a.s.l. April.
Saccolabium bellinum Rchb. f.
Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Grammatophyllum fastuosum Lindl.; Grammatophyllum giganteum
Blume ex Rchb. f.; Grammatophyllum macranthum (Wight) Rchb.
f.; Pattonia macrantha Wight.
Note: identification fide Kerr (1969); requires confirmation.
Gastrochilus obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze
Saccolabium obliquum Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL124 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL708 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (sight record; S).
Epiphyte in dry evergreen mountane forest, 900 m a.s.l.
October, November.
Thailand, Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Philippines,
Solomon Islands. Laos: Vientiane (S).
300 m a.s.l.
Habenaria chlorina Parish & Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. October.
Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr.
Gastrodia exilis Hook. f.
Gastrodia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie.
India (NE), Thailand. Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB616).
On decaying tree trunks in humid evergreen forest, 1245 m
a.s.l. October.
Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. subsp. ecalcarata (King & Pantl.)
Panigrahi & Murti; Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. var. tohoensis
(Hayata) S. S. Ying; Habenaria finetiana Schltr.; Habenaria
geniculata Hamilton ex D. Don; Habenaria geniculata Hamilton
ex D. Don var. ecalcarata King & Pantl.; Habenaria geniculata
Hamilton ex D. Don var. yunnanensis (Finet) Finet; Habenaria
miersiana Champ. ex Benth.; Habenaria miersiana Champ. ex
Benth. var. yunnanensis Finet; Habenaria sieboldiana Miq.;
Habenaria tienensis Tang & F. T. Wang; Orchis dentata Sw.;
293
Plantaginorchis dentata (Sw.) Szlach.; Plantaginorchis finetiana
(Schltr.) Szlach.; Platanthera dentata (Sw.) Lindl.; Platanthera
dentata (Sw.) Lindl. f. ecalcarata (King & Pantl.) Tuyama;
Platanthera geniculata (Hamilton ex D. Don) Lindl.
Burma, China (Yunnan), Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (S); Vientiane (S).
In cleared woods in the lowlands. July.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Nepal, Burma,
China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Arch., Japan, Peninsular
Malaysia, Philippines. Laos: Attapu (S); Champasak (N);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB177); Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Kraenzlinorchis malintana (Blanco) Szlach.; Thelymitra malintana
Blanco.
Terrestrial in grassland on sandy poor soil surrounded by
deciduous dipterocarp forest, also in the lowlands. 170586
m a.s.l. September, October.
India (NE), Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam,
Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB115).
Habenaria dentirostrata Tang & F. T. Wang
Terrestrial among grass and shrubs between upland rice
fields, 863 m a.s.l. November.
Kraenzlinorchis dentirostrata (Tang & F. T. Wang) Szlach.
Burma. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Near rice fields in the lowlands. September.
Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Merr.
Habenaria mandersii Collett & Hemsl.
Kraenzlinorchis mandersii (Collett & Hemsl.) Szlach.
Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (S).
Habenaria furcifera Lindl.
Habenaria medusa Kraenzl.
Habenaria hamigera Griff.; Habenaria ovalifolia Wight; Habenaria
tenuicornis Wall. ex Hook. f.
Fimbrorchis medusa (Kraenzl.) Szlach.; Fimbrorchis myriotricha
(Gagnep.) Szlach.; Habenaria myriotricha Gagnep.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos: Louang
Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB343).
Vietnam; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, ?Sulawesi. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult. P3 [P. Bonnet]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL943 [M. Newman et al.];
N); Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in open deciduous secondary forest, 788 m a.s.l.
October, November.
Terrestrial in forest, including forest at the base of limestone
hills; 500 m a.s.l. AugustOctober.
Habenaria holotricha Gagnep.
Medusorchis holotricha (Gagnep.) Szlach.
Thailand. Laos: unspecified (S).
Habenaria poilanei Gagnep.
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1346 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]).
June.
Habenaria khasiana Hook. f.
Habenaria graminea Lindl.; Habenaria graminifolia Gagnep.
India (NE), Thailand, Cambodia, New Guinea. Laos:
Champasak (S); Saravan (S).
Habenaria reflexa Blume
Habenaria murtonii Hook. f.
India (NE), Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Laos: unspecified (C. Punpreuk 1, SING, not seen).
Habenaria lindleyana Steud.
Habenaria columbae Ridl.; Habenaria latifolia Lindl.; Habenaria
macroptera Gagnep.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (S).
Habenaria lucida Lindl.
Habenaria recurva Rolfe ex Downie; Habenella lucida (Wall. ex
Lindl.) Szlach. & Kras-Lap.; Platanthera lucida Lindl.; Platantheroides lucida (Lindl.) Szlach.
294
Habenaria rhodocheila Hance
Habenaria erichmichaelii Christenson; Habenaria militaris Rchb.
f.; Habenaria pusilla Rchb. f.; Habenaria xanthocheila Ridl.;
Smithanthe rhodocheila (Hance) Szlach. & Marg.
China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, D. Barthélémy; photo]; N); Champasak (photos seen;
S); Khammouan (N); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1200 [P.
Bonnet]; S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Holcoglossum amesianum (Rchb. f.) Christenson
Lithophytic on large boulders with a thin cover of moss
close to a stream through evergreen forest, also lithophytic
close to the ground in open montane conifer woodland, on
shaded vertical cliffs near a waterfall, and on tree stumps
along a stream, 3071245 m a.s.l. JulyOctober.
Holcoglossum amesianum (Rchb. f.) Christenson f. album (B. S.
Williams) Christenson; Vanda amesiana Rchb. f.
Note: forms with orange, rose-red and pale pink flowers
have been observed in Laos, showing size-variation of 100%
in the width of the lip.
Holcoglossum kimballianum (Rchb. f.) Garay
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Holcoglossum saprophyticum (Gagnep.) Christenson; Vanda kimballiana Rchb. f.; Vanda saprophytica Gagnep.
Habenaria rostellifera Rchb. f.
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Habenaria roseata Ridl.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
On the margins of rice fields in the lowlands. August.
Habenaria rostrata Lindl.
Habenaria acuifera Wall. ex Lindl. var. rostrata (Wall. ex
Lindl.) Finet; Platanthera rostrata Lindl.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Habenaria rumphii (Brongn.) Lindl.
Habenaria
Habenaria
Habenaria
Habenaria
dahliana Kraenzl.; Habenaria holtzei F. Muell.;
rumphii (Brongn.) Lindl. var. javanica J. J. Sm.;
rumphii (Brongn.) Lindl. var. meraukensis J. J. Sm.;
stauroglossa Kraenzl.; Platanthera rumphii Brongn.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea,
Philippines, Australia. Laos: Champasak (S).
Habenaria thailandica Seidenf.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (S).
Habenaria tonkinensis Seidenf.
Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (S); Saravan (S);
Vientiane (S).
Hygrochilus parishii (Veitch & Rchb. f.) Pfitzer
Stauropsis parishii Rolfe; Vanda parishii Veitch & Rchb. f.;
Vandopsis parishii (Veitch & Rchb. f.) Schltr.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL69 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB230); Xiangkhoang
(S).
Epiphyte in secondary evergreen montane forest dominated
by Fagaceae, 1063 m a.s.l. May, June.
Liparis anatina Szlach.
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (Delacour s. n., type of L.
anatina).
Liparis bootanensis Griff.
Cestichis forbesii (Ridl.) Ames; Cestichis plicata (Franch. & Sav.)
Maek.; Leptorchis bootanensis (Griff.) Kuntze; Leptorchis forbesii
(Ridl.) Kuntze; Leptorchis lancifolia (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Leptorchis
plicata (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze; Liparis amphibius Simond ex
Gagnep.; Liparis forbesii Ridl.; Liparis lancifolia Hook. f.; Liparis
plicata Franch. & Sav.; Liparis pterostyloides Szlach.; Liparis
ruybarrettoi S. Y. Hu & Barretto; Liparis subplicata Tang & F.
T. Wang; Liparis uchiyamae Schltr.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Japan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
lesser Sunda Is., Philippines. Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB292).
Lithophytic on hilltop in humid evergreen montane forest,
1365 m a.s.l. September, October.
Habenaria viridiflora (Rottler ex Sw.) R. Br. ex
Spreng.
Liparis brunneolobata Kerr
Orchis vicidiflora Rottler ex Sw.
Laos: Vientiane (S).
India, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
P8 [P. Bonnet]).
Terrestrial in evergreen forest, 1000 m a.s.l. April.
Terrestrial in a shady spot in open montane conifer
woodland on acid soil with e.g. Drosera and Nepenthes,
1020 m a.s.l. August, September.
Liparis caespitosa (Thouars) Lindl.
Cestichis caespitosa (Thouars) Ames; Leptorchis caespitosa (Thouars)
Kuntze; Leptorchis duthiei (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Leptorchis minima
295
(Blume) Kuntze; Leptorchis obscura (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Leptorchis
prainii (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Leptorchis pusilla (Ridl.) Kuntze; Liparis
angustifolia (Blume) Lindl.; Liparis angustifolia Thwaites; Liparis
auriculata Rchb. f.; Liparis comosa Ridl.; Liparis duthiei Hook. f.;
Liparis laurisilvatica Fukuy.; Liparis minima (Blume) Lindl.;
Liparis minima (Blume) Lindl. var. neoguineensis Schltr.; Liparis
neoguineensis Schltr.; Liparis obscura Hook. f.; Liparis poilanei
Gagnep.; Liparis prainii Hook. f.; Liparis pusilla Ridl.; Malaxis
angustifolia Blume; Malaxis caespitosa Thouars; Malaxis minima
Blume.
Madagascar, Mascarenes, throughout tropical continental
Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P.
Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB117); Champasak (P. Bonnet PB521); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB229); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on small branches in humid evergreen forest and
in Fagaceae dominated secondary evergreen montane forest,
8661063 m a.s.l. July.
(Ames) Ames; Liparis wightii Rchb. f.
Sri Lanka, India, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Java. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1703
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB292).
Lithphyte on hilltop in humid evergreen montane forest,
1365 m a.s.l. January.
Liparis gibbosa Finet
Disticholiparis gibbosa (Finet) Marg. & Szlach.; Disticholiparis
gregaria (Lindl.) Marg. & Szlach.; Liparis gregaria Lindl.
Sri Langka, Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, ?New Guinea, Solomon Is.,
Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa. Laos: Vientiane (S);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.
Liparis deflexa Hook. f.
Leptorchis deflexa (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Liparis prazeri King & Pantl.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1350 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Louangphrabang (S).
June.
Liparis delicatula Hook. f.
Platystyliparis delicatula (Hook. f.) Marg.
India (NE), China (Yunnan). Laos: Vientiane (S); Champasak (N).
Liparis dendrochiloides Seidenf. ex Aver.
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB438).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
1077 m a.s.l. July.
Liparis distans C. B. Clarke
Cestichis nakaharai (Hayata) Kudo; Cestichis taiwaniana (Hayata)
Nakai; Leptorchis distans (C. B. Clarke) Kuntze; Liparis macrantha
Hook. f.; Liparis nakaharai Hayata; Liparis taiwaniana Hayata.
India (NE), China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Khammouan (N).
Liparis elliptica Wight
Cestichis elliptica (Wight) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones; Cestichis
lyonii Ames; Leptorchis elliptica (Wight) Kuntze; Liparis bicornuta
Schltr.; Liparis concava Schltr.; Liparis hookeri Ridl.; Liparis lyonii
296
Cymbidium bituberculatum Hook.; Cymbidium nervosum (Thunb.)
Sw.; Diteilis formosana (Rchb. f.) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones;
Diteilis nepalensis Raf.; Diteilis nervosa (Thunb.) M. A. Clem. &
D. L. Jones; Dituilis nepalensis Raf.; Empusa paradoxa Lindl.;
Epidendrum nervosum (Thunb.) Thunb.; Iebine nervosa (Thunb.)
Raf.; Leptorchis bituberculata (Hook.) Kuntze; Leptorchis elata
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Leptorchis nervosa (Thunb.) Kuntze; Leptorchis
odontostoma (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Leptorchis odorata (Willd.) Kuntze;
Leptorchis olivacea (Lindl.) Kuntze; Liparis bambusaefolia Makino;
Liparis bicallosa (D. Don) Schltr. f. aureo-variegata (Nakaj.)
Nakaj.; Liparis bituberculata (Hook.) Lindl.; Liparis bituberculata
(Hook.) Lindl. var. hachijoensis (Nakai) T. Hashim.; Liparis elata
Lindl.; Liparis formosana Rchb. f.; Liparis guamensis Ames; Liparis
hachijoensis Nakai; Liparis longiscapa (Rolfe & Downie) Gagnep.;
Liparis macrocarpa Hook. f.; Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. f.
aureovariegata Nakaj.; Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. var.
formosana (Rchb. f.) Hiroe; Liparis odontostoma Rchb. f.; Liparis
odorata (Willd.) Lindl.; Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl. var. intacta
Kerr; Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl. var. longiscapa Rolfe ex
Downie; Liparis paradoxa (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Liparis paradoxa
(Lindl.) Rchb. f. var. parishii Hook. f.; Liparis parishii Hook. f.;
Liparis shaoshunia S. S. Ying; Liparis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie;
Liparis simeonis Schltr.; Liparis teniana Kraenzl.; Liparis tenii
Schltr.; Liparis tonkinensis Gagnep.; Liparis violaceonervosa Guillaumin; Malaxis lancifolia Sm.; Malaxis nervosa (Thunb.) Sw.;
Malaxis odorata Willd.; Ophrys nervosa Thunb.; Sturmia nervosa
(Thunb.) Rchb. f.
New and Old World tropics and subtropics, widespread,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Moluccas. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. July.
Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl.
Cestichis longipes (Lindl.) Ames; Cestichis pendula (Lindl.) Pfitzer;
Leptorchis longipes (Lindl.) Kuntze; Leptorchis triloba (Ridl.)
Kuntze; Leptorchis viridiflora (Blume) Kuntze; Liparis boothii
Regel; Liparis dendrochilum Rchb. f.; Liparis longipes Lindl.;
Liparis longipes Lindl. var. spathulata Ridl.; Liparis pendula Lindl.;
Liparis piestopus Schltr.; Liparis pleistantha Schltr.; Liparis simondii
Simond ex Gagnep.; Liparis spathulata Lindl.; Liparis stachyurus
Rchb.f.; Liparis triloba Ridl.; Malaxis viridiflora Blume; Stichorchis
pendula (Lindl.) Pfitzer.
Luisia morsei Rolfe
Luisia tonkinensis Schltr.
Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, ?lesser Sunda Is., ?Moluccas, ?New Guinea,
Philippines, east to Fiji. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P.
Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB130); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL57 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB44);
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB308); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB245); Saravan (S); Vientiane
(sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman; photo], S); ‘Col
Den Dinh’ (S).
Epiphyte at base of tree trunk in humid evergreen forest on
the slope of a steep limestone hill, epiphyte in a mixed
deciduous forest and evergreen montane forest, also
lithophytic at the base of a small cliff in humid evergreen
forest, 5751400 m a.s.l. January, OctoberDecember.
China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB212); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in dense mixed deciduous forest near a small
stream. May.
Luisia platyglossa Rchb. f.
Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) Blume var. flaveola Rchb. f.
India (NE), Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Vientiane (S); ‘Pha Pak’ (S).
Epiphyte in open lowland forest. April.
Luisia psyche Rchb. f.
Luisia laosensis Guillaumin.
Liparis wightiana Thwaites
Diteilis wightiana (Thwaites) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones;
Leptorchis wightiana (Thwaites) Kuntze; Liparis atropurpurea
Wight; Liparis sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie; Liparis trimenii Ridl.
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. June.
Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) Blume
Luisia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie; Mesoclastes brachystachys Lindl.
India (NE), Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (S).
Epiphyte on tree in scrubby evergreen lowland forest and in
montane forest, 2001300 m a.s.l. March, April.
Luisia filiformis Hook. f.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet
PB505, found on local market, collected in the surrounding
countryside); Khammouan (N); Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL469 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in lowland dipterocarp forest. AprilJuly.
Luisia thailandica Seidenf.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL713 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
July, August.
Luisia zollingeri Rchb. f.
Luisia latilabris Rolfe ex Downie; Luisia latipetala J. J. Sm.; Luisia
zollingeri Rchb. f. var. latipetala (J. J. Sm.) Sulist.
Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB360; P. Bonnet, V. Lamxay
PB318).
Luisia grovesii Hook. f.
India (NE), Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman; photo]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL75 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane
(S).
Rather low, open forest near a waterfall, 307600 m a.s.l.
April, May.
Luisia macrotis Rchb. f.
India (NE), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
300600 m a.s.l. May.
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on a limestone hill, also
near a small stream in humid evergreen forest, 722905 m
a.s.l. April, May.
Malaxis acuminata D. Don
Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach.; Crepidium bilobum
(Lindl.) Szlach.; Dienia carinata Rchb. f.; Malaxis acuminata D.
Don var. biloba (Lindl.) Ames; Malaxis allanii S. Y. Hu &
Barretto; Malaxis biloba (Lindl.) Ames; Malaxis biloba (Lindl.)
Seidenf. & Smitinand; Malaxis carinata (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Malaxis
pierrei (Finet) Bakh. f.; Malaxis pierrei (Finet) Tang & F. T.
Wang; Malaxis wallichii (Lindl.) Deb; Microstylis biloba Lindl.;
Microstylis carinata (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.; Microstylis pierrei Finet;
297
Microstylis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie; Microstylis trigonocardia
Schltr.; Microstylis wallichii Lindl.; Microstylis wallichii Lindl. var.
biloba (Lindl.) Hook. f.; Microstylis wallichii Lindl. var. omphaloides Parish ex Hook. f.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia. Laos: Champasak (S); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P.
Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB40; N); Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest on rocky terrain,
also in the lowlands. 170659 m a.s.l. July.
Malaxis biaurita (Lindl.) Kuntze
Crepidium biauritum (Lindl.) Szlach.; Microstylis biaurita Lindl.;
Microstylis sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie; Microstylis thorelii Finet.
India (Khasia), Burma, Thailand. Laos: Xaignabouri (S).
Malaxis calophylla (Rchb. f.) Kuntze
Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb. f.) Szlach.; Epidendrum variegatum
J. Koenig; Malaxis calophylla (Rchb. f.) Kuntze var. brachycheila
(Hook. f.) Tang & F. T. Wang; Malaxis scottii (Hook. f.) Kuntze;
Microstylis calophylla Rchb. f.; Microstylis scottii Hook. f.; Microstylis wallichii Lindl. var. brachycheila Hook. f.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Laos: Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1092 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet]).
(Lindl.) Ames; Malaxis parvissima S. Y. Hu & Barretto; Malaxis
plicata Roxb.; Malaxis shuicae S. S. Ying; Malaxis vietnamensis T.
B. Nguyen & Duong Duc Huyen; Microstylis bernaysii F. Muell.;
Microstylis carnosula Rolfe ex Downie; Microstylis congesta
(Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Microstylis congesta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. var. fusca
(Lindl.) Ridl.; Microstylis dalatensis Guillaumin; Microstylis fusca
(Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Microstylis latifolia (Sm.) J. J. Sm.; Microstylis
latifolia (Sm.) J. J. Sm. var. fusca (Lindl.) J. J. Sm.; Microstylis
trilobulata Kurz; Microstylis trilobulata N. E. Br.; Neottia plantaginea D. Don; Spiranthes plantaginea Spreng.
Tropical continental Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New
Guinea, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, P. Bonnet, D.
Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]); Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB58);
Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL710 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.], OL400 [Hul & Thibaud]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL390 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S).
Terrestrial on poor sandy soil in mixed deciduous forest,
170554 m a.s.l. MayJuly.
Malaxis polyodon (Hook. f.) Kuntze
Crepidium polyodon (Hook. f.) Szlach.; Microstylis polyodon Hook.
f.; Microstylis rheedii Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in bamboo grove, 400 m a.s.l. April.
Lithophyte on rock covered by leaf litter in gallery forest
through secondary Pinus merkusii woodland, 759 m a.s.l. May.
Malaxis prasina (Ridl.) Seidenf. & Smitinand
Malaxis chamaeorchis (Schltr.) Seidenf.
Crepidium prasinum (Ridl.) Szlach.; Malaxis reniloba (Carr)
Holttum; Microstylis prasina Ridl.; Microstylis reniloba Carr.
Glossochilopsis chamaeorchis (Schltr.) Szlach.; Microstylis chamaeorchis Schltr.
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Lowlands (ca 170 m a.s.l). June.
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Laos: Champasak
(P. Bonnet PB544).
Malaxis purpurea (Lindl.) Kuntze
Terrestrial in thick moss on a small open rocky plateau
covered with moss and herbaceous plants close to humid
evergreen tropical forest, 1250 m a.s.l. June, July.
Crepidium purpureum (Lindl.) Szlach.; Malaxis liparidioides
(Schltr.) Tang & F. T. Wang; Malaxis purpurea (Lindl.) Seidenf.;
Microstylis liparidioides Schltr.; Microstylis purpurea Lindl.
Malaxis ophrydis (J. Koenig) Ormerod
Anaphora liparioides Gagnep.; Crepidium flavescens Blume; Crepidium ophrydis (J. Koenig) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones; Dienia
congesta Lindl.; Dienia curranii (Ames) M. A. Clem. & D. L.
Jones; Dienia fusca Lindl.; Dienia latifolia (Sm.) M. A. Clem. &
D. L. Jones; Dienia montana (Blume) M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones;
Dienia ophrydis (J. Koenig) Seidenf.; Epidendrum ophrydis J.
Koenig; Gastroglottis latifolia (Sm.) Szlach.; Gastroglottis montana
Blume; Glossochilopsis carnosula (Rolfe ex Downie) Szlach. &
Marg.; Liparis bernaysii F. Muell.; Liparis krempfii Gagnep.;
Liparis turfosa Gagnep.; Malaxis congesta (Lindl.) Deb; Malaxis
curranii Ames; Malaxis latifolia Sm.; Malaxis latifolia Sm. f.
aureovariegata (Nakaj.) Hatus.; Malaxis latifolia Sm. var. fusca
298
Sri Lanka, India (NE), China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
?Philippines. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL945 [M.
Newman et al.]).
July.
Malleola dentifera J. J. Sm.
Ascochilus vietnamensis Guillaumin; Malleola vietnamensis Guillaumin.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Laos: Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB78).
Epiphyte in the shade at the base of a steep limestone hill,
323 m a.s.l. June, July.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, China (Yunnan).
Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl.
Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume
Aerides pallida Roxb.; Camarotis apiculata Rchb. f.; Camarotis
cochinchinensis Rchb. f.; Camarotis pallida (Roxb.) Lindl.; Dendrocolla apiculata Zoll. ex Rchb. f.; Micropera apiculata (Rchb. f.)
Garay; Micropera cochinchinensis (Rchb. f.) Tang & F. T. Wang;
Saccolabium flaveolum Ridl.; Saccolabium saxicola Ridl.; Sarcanthus
apiculatus (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm.; Sarcanthus thorelii Guillaumin;
Sarcochilus cochinchinensis (Rchb. f.) Nicholson; Sarcochilus roxburghii Hook. f.
Limodorum maculatum Reinw. ex Lindl.; Nephelaphyllum borneense
Schltr.; Nephelaphyllum latilabre Ridl.; Tainia borneensis (Schltr.)
Gagnep.; Tainia latilabris (Ridl.) Gagnep.; Tainia pulchra (Blume)
Gagnep.
India (NE), Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL575 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB23); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in semi-evergreen forest, and on trees in open
ground, 200537 m a.s.l. AprilJune.
Mischobulbum ovifolium (Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen)
Aver.
Tainia ovifolia Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen.
China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL
cult. OL900 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
January, February.
Note: living plants of what may well be M. cordifolium
(Hook. f.) Schltr. have been in cultivation at the National
University of Laos for some time, but we have been unable
to study the flowers. They were collected in Khammouan
province. We are not convinced that M. ovifolium belongs
in Mischobulbum, but neither are we convinced that
Mischobulbum should be kept separate from Tainia.
India (Sikkim), Bhutan, Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (B. Laville PB
Vo820080509).
May, June.
Nervilia aragoana Gaudich.
Aplostellis aragoana (Gaudich.) Ridl.; Aplostellis flabelliformis
(Lindl.) Ridl.; Epipactis carinata Roxb.; Nervilia carinata (Roxb.)
Schltr.; Nervilia flabelliformis (Lindl.) Tang & F. T. Wang;
Nervilia scottii (Rchb. f.) Schltr.; Nervilia tibetensis Rolfe; Nervilia
yaeyamensis Hayata; Pogonia carinata (Roxb.) Lindl.; Pogonia
flabelliformis Lindl.; Pogonia gracilis Blume; Pogonia nervilia
Blume; Pogonia scottii Rchb. f.
Thailand, Vietnam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Burma,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia,
Solomon Is., Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Society
Is. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, S.
Luang Aphay; leaves only, photo]); Champasak (N);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB238); Saravan (S); Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Terrestrial in open secondary evergreen montane forest
dominated by Fagaceae and in secondary grassland, also in
the lowlands in deep shade. 1701063 m a.s.l. April.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf.
Myrmechis pumila (Hook. f.) Tang & F. T. Wang
Anoectochilus pumilus (Hook. f.) Seidenf. & Smitinand; Cheirostylis
franchetiana King & Pantl.; Cystopus pumilus (Hook. f.) Kuntze;
Myrmechis franchetiana (King & Pantl.) Schltr.; Odontochilus
pumilus Hook. f.; Zeuxine franchetiana (King & Pantl.) King &
Pantl.; Zeuxine pumila King & Pantl.
India (NE), Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Lamxay PB447).
Terrestrial in dense shade in secondary evergreen forest on
the bank of a very small stream, 1077 m a.s.l. May.
Bolborchis crociformis Zoll. & Moritzi; Coelogyne javanica Lindl.;
Nervilia crispata (Blume) Schltr.; Nervilia fimbriata Schltr.;
Nervilia monantha Blatt. & McCann; Nervilia prainiana (King
& Pantl.) Seidenf.; Pogonia crispata Blume; Pogonia prainiana
King & Pantl.
Africa, tropical continental Asia, Java, New Guinea,
Philippines, Australia. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1091 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet]).
Terrestrial in open secondary Pinus merkusii woodland on
poor soil with Nepenthes and Drosera species, 759 m a.s.l.
May.
Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann
Neogyna gardneriana (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Coelogyne gardneriana Lindl.; Coelogyne trisaccata Griff.; Neogyna
gardneriana var. basiquinquelamellata T. Tang & F. T. Wang;
Neogyna gardneriana var. basitrilamellata T. Tang & F. T. Wang.
Nervilia calcicola Kerr.
India, Bhutan, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
299
Terrestrial among limestone rocks in deep shade, 170300
m a.s.l. April, May.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1164 [M.
Newman et al.]).
August.
Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.
Aplostellis velutina (Parish & Rchb. f.) Ridl.; Arethusa plicata
Andrews; Cordyla discolor Blume; Epipactis plicata (Andrews)
Roxb.; Nervilia biflora (Wight) Schltr.; Nervilia dallachyana (F.
Muell. ex Benth.) Schltr.; Nervilia discolor (Blume) Schltr.;
Nervilia discolor (Blume) Schltr. var. picta (J. J. Sm.) J. J. Sm.;
Nervilia porphyrophylla Schltr.; Nervilia velutina (Parish & Rchb.
f.) Schltr.; Pogonia biflora Wight; Pogonia dallachyana F. Muell.
ex Benth.; Pogonia discolor (Blume) Blume; Pogonia discolor
(Blume) Blume var. picta J. J. Sm.; Pogonia plicata (Andrews)
Lindl.; Pogonia pudica Ames; Pogonia pulchella Hook. f.; Pogonia
velutina Parish & Rchb. f.; Roptrostemon discolor (Blume)
Blume.
India, Burma, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Australia,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, S.
Luang Aphay; leaves only, photo]); Champasak (N);
Vientiane (S).
Oberonia falconeri Hook. f.
Iridorchis falconeri (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Oberonia calcicola Holttum;
Oberonia siamensis Schltr.
India (NE), Nepal, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia. Laos: Champasak (S); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in dipterocarp forest in the lowlands. September,
October.
Oberonia ferruginea Parish ex Hook. f.
Iridorchis ferruginea (Parish) Kuntze.
Burma (Tenasserim). Laos: unspecified (S).
Terrestrial in deep shade in the lowlands, also in dense
forest on slopes at the base of limestone cliffs. May.
Oberonia gammiei King & Pantl.
Oberonia anthropophora Lindl.
Oberonia regnieri Finet; Oberonia saururus Ridl.; Oberonia
trullilabris Guillaumin.
Iridorchis anthropophora (Lindl.) Kuntze; Malaxis anthropophora
(Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Oberonia aurantiaca Ridl.
India, Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB545);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB276).
Epiphyte on trunk of a small tree in a coffee plantation and
at 5 m high on a tree branch in humid evergreen riverine
forest. JulySeptember.
India (Bengal), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB30); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on tree trunk near a small stream in deciduous
dipterocarp forest, 538 m a.s.l. October.
Oberonia integerrima Guillaumin
China (Yunnan), Vietnam, Borneo. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Oberonia delacourii Gagnep.
Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf.
Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl.
Cymbidium iridifolium Roxb.; Iridorchis iridifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze;
Malaxis denticulata (Wight) Rchb. f.; Malaxis iridifolia (Roxb.)
Rchb. f.; Oberonia denticulata Wight; Oberonia iridifolia (Roxb.)
Lindl.; Oberonia smisrae Panigrahi; Stelis mucronata D. Don.
Iridorchis ensiformis (Sm.) Kuntze; Malaxis ensiformis Sm.; Oberonia acaulis Hook.; Oberonia trilobata Griff.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, China, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB588; S); Vientiane (S);
Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in lowland forest. September, November.
Oberonia falcata King & Pantl.
Oberonia pendula Ridl.
300
India (NE), Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Hainan), Thailand,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL1020 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet,
P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB14); Phongsali
(P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB242); Vientiane
(S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, dipterocarp forest, and
in Fagaceae dominated secondary evergreen montane forest,
1701050 m a.s.l. September, October.
Oberonia pachyphylla King & Pantl.
Oberonia apiculata Kerr; Oberonia crassirachis Guillaumin.
India, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL1328 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
December.
Oberonia pyrulifera Lindl.
Iridorchis pyrulifera (Lindl.) Kuntze; Malaxis pyrulifera (Lindl.)
Rchb. f.; Oberonia verticillata Wight var. khasiana Lindl.
India (NE), Bhutan, China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos:
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang
PB583).
Blume; Pachystoma affine Schltr.; Pachystoma brevilabium Schltr.;
Pachystoma chinense Rchb. f. var. formosanum (Schltr.) S. S. Ying;
Pachystoma chinensis Hayata; Pachystoma edgeworthii Rchb. f.;
Pachystoma formosanum Schltr.; Pachystoma gracile Schltr.; Pachystoma hirsuta (J. Joseph & Vajr.) C. S. Kumar & Manilal;
Pachystoma lindleyanum (Wight) Rchb. f.; Pachystoma montanum
(Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Pachystoma pantanum (Blume) Miq.; Pachystoma
papuanum Schltr.; Pachystoma pubescens Blume var. gracile (Schltr.)
N. Hall,; Pachystoma senile (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Pachystoma smithianum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
India, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia. Laos: Champasak (S); Savannakhet (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest. August.
Panisea tricallosa Rolfe
Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr.
Panisea bia (Kerr) Tang & F. T. Wang; Sigmatogyne bia Kerr;
Sigmatogyne pantlingii Pfitzer; Sigmatogyne tricallosa (Rolfe) Pfitzer.
Aerides difformis Wall. ex Lindl.; Aerides hystrix Lindl.; Ornithochilus eublepharon Hance; Ornithochilus fuscus Wall. ex Lindl.;
Sarcochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Tang & F. T. Wang;
Trichoglottis difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) T. B. Nguyen & Duong
Duc Huyen.
India (NE), Nepal, Thailand, China, Vietnam. Laos:
Xaisomboun (S).
India (NW and NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB416); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL181
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (N); Louang Namtha
(P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB375); Phongsali
(P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB250; P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB287; S); Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL1205 [P. Bonnet]; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman
PB152).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
in secondary evergreen montane forest, in open montane
conifer woodland and in forest on limestone mountain,
8891400 m a.s.l. AprilAugust.
Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf.
Epiphyte on trees in evergreen montane forest, 1500 m a.s.l.
April.
Panisea uniflora (Lindl.) Lindl.
Chelonistele biflora (Parish & Rchb. f.) Pfitzer; Coelogyne biflora
Parish & Rchb. f.; Coelogyne falcata T. Anderson ex Hook. f.;
Coelogyne thuniana Rchb. f.; Coelogyne uniflora Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (N); Khammouan (P. Bonnet,
P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB53; NUOL
cult. OL920 [M. Newman et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL1218 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also in gallery forest on
a tree trunk in a large stream, and lithophytic on limestone
cliffs, 500781 m a.s.l. February, April, May, August
October.
Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Laos. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1642 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Xaisomboun
(S).
Epiphyte in evergreen upper montane forest, 20002200 m
a.s.l. January, February, April.
Pachystoma pubescens Blume
Apaturia chinensis Lindl.; Apaturia lindleyana Wight; Apaturia
montana Lindl.; Apaturia senilis Lindl.; Apaturia smithiana Lindl.;
Eulophia hirsuta J. Joseph & Vajr.; Eulophia holtzei F. Muell.;
Neottia pantanis Korth. ex Blume; Pachychilus pantanus Blume;
Pachychilus pubescens (Blume) Blume; Pachychilus senilis (Lindl.)
Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe
Cordula appletoniana (Gower) Rolfe; Cypripedium appletonianum
Gower; Cypripedium poyntzianum O’Brien; Cypripedium wolterianum Kraenzl.; Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe f.
album Asher ex O. Gruss; Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower)
Rolfe var. hainanense (Fowlie) Braem, C. O. Baker & M. L. Baker;
Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe var. immaculata
Braem; Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe f. immaculatum (Braem) Braem; Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe
f. tridentatum (S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu) Aver.; Paphiopedilum
bullenianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer var. appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe;
Paphiopedilum hainanense Fowlie; Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb.
f.) Stein subsp. appletonianum (Gower) M. W. Wood; Paphiopedilum tridentatum S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu; Paphiopedilum
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wolterianum (Kraenzl.) Pfitzer.
Paphiopedilum concolor (Lindl.) Pfitzer
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: ‘SW Laos (fide
Asher)’ (S).
Cordula concolor (Lindl.) Rolfe; Cypripedium concolor Lindl. ex
Bateman; Cypripedium tonkinense Hort.; Paphiopedilum concolor
(Lindl.) Pfitzer f. album (Braem) Braem.
Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang & F. T. Wang
Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang & F. T. Wang var. aureum H. S.
Hua; Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang & F. T. Wang f. aureum
(H. S. Hua) O. Gruss & Roeth; Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang
& F. T. Wang var. coccineum (Perner & R. Herrm.) Cavestro;
Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang & F. T. Wang var. lockianum
Aver.; Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R. Herrm.; Paphiopedilum insigne (Wall. ex Lindl.) Pfitzer var. barbigerum (Tang & F. T.
Wang) Braem; Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O. Gruss & Roellke.
SW China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL
cult. OL20080918 [S. Luang Aphay]).
Lithophyte in open forest on vertical cliffs in the summit
zone of steep limestone hills, 500 m a.s.l. September,
October.
Note: the Lao specimens seen agree well with the broadleaved form described from Thailand as P. vejvarutianum,
except that in the former the median sepal is more heavily
veined with purple. Our field observations indicate that
these plants are not hybrids; they form pure populations
without other species of Paphiopedilum growing nearby
(Schuiteman and Bonnet in press).
Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein
Cordula callosa (Rchb. f.) Rolfe; Cypripedium callosum Rchb. f.;
Cypripedium crossii Morren; Cypripedium schmidtianum Kraenzl.;
Cypripedium warnerianum Rchb. f. ex Wittm.; Paphiopedilum
callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein var. angustipetalum Guillaumin; Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein var. schmidtianum (Kraenzl.)
Pfitzer; Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein var. viniferum
(Koop. & N. Haseg.) Cavestro; Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.)
Stein var. viniferum (Koop. & N. Haseg.) J. M. H. Shaw;
Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein var. viridiflorum (Linden)
Braem; Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein f. viridiflorum
(Linden) O. Gruss & Roeth; Paphiopedilum crossii (Morren) Braem
& Senghas; Paphiopedilum crossii (E. Morren) Braem & Senghas f.
viniferum (Koop. & N. Haseg.) Braem & Chiron; Paphiopedilum
crossii (E. Morren) Braem & Senghas f. viridiflorum (Linden) Braem
& Chiron; Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N. Haseg.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight
record [S. Luang Aphay, pers. comm.]); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL178 [B. Svengsuksa et al.], OL1412 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1213
[M. Newman et al.]; N); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1196
[P. Bonnet]; S).
Lithophyte on boulders along small streams in dense, shady
gallery forest, 7591000 m a.s.l. March, June, July.
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Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma, China. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Vannachack; photo]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL175 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (S); Vientiane (P. Bonnet
PB479).
Lithophyte in open xerophytic forest on limestone hills,
often at the base of trees, 210 m a.s.l. Flowers throughout
the year.
Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & F. T. Wang
Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb. f.) Stein var. dianthum (Tang & F.
T. Wang) K. Karas. & K. Saito.
South China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S. Luang Aphay
cult. s. n. [spirit material NUOL]).
Lithophyte on limestone hill. September, October.
Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe
Cordula exul (Ridl.) Rolfe; Cypripedium exul (Ridl.) Rolfe;
Cypripedium insigne Wall. ex Lindl. var. exul Ridl.; Paphiopedilum
exul (Ridl.) Rolfe f. aureum (Hort.) O. Gruss & Roellke.
Thailand. Laos: ?Bolikhamxai (sight record [S. Luang
Aphay, pers. comm.]); Champasak (seen on local market
near Paksong, said to have been collected in the province
[A. Schuiteman, E. Hoogendijk]).
Paphiopedilum gratrixianum (Mast.) Rolfe
Cordula gratrixiana (Mast.) Rolfe; Cypripedium gratrixianum
Mast.; Paphiopedilum affine De Wild.; Paphiopedilum gratrixianum (Mast.) Guillaumin; Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein
var. affine (De Wild.) Braem; Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.)
Stein var. gratrixianum (Mast.) Braem.
China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Attapu (S); Bolikhamxai
(sighth record [S. Luang Aphay, pers. comm.]); ‘Pak Song
near the border of N. Vietnam’ (S; probably Attapu or
Xekong). December.
Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein
var. esquirolii (Schltr.) K. Karas. & K. Saito
Cordula esquirolii (Schltr.) Hu; Paphiopedilum chiwuanum Tang
& F. T. Wang; Paphiopedilum esquirolii Schltr.; Paphiopedilum
esquirolii Schltr. var. chiwuanum (Tang & F. T. Wang) Braem &
Chiron; Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein var.
chiwuanum (Tang & F. T. Wang) P. J. Cribb; Paphiopedilum
hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein var. esquirolii (Schltr.) P. J.
Cribb; Paphiopedilum saccopetalum H. S. Hua.
China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (‘fide Asher’
S).
Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb. f.) Stein
Cordula parishii (Rchb. f.) Rolfe; Cypripedium parishii Rchb. f.
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos: ‘northern part’
(Singapore Botanic Garden cult. SBG-O 2496, det. J. J.
Vermeulen).
Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein var. annamense
Rolfe
Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL179 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.], not seen in flower); Vientiane (S).
Note: delimitation of this species against P. susannae needs
closer study.
Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.
Habenaria gigantea (Sm.) D. Don; Habenaria susannae (L.) R. Br.;
Hemihabenaria susannae (L.) Finet; Orchis altissima Buch.-Ham.
ex Hook. f.; Orchis gigantea Sm.; Orchis susannae L.; Pecteilis
gigantea (Sm.) Raf.; Platanthera gigantea (Sm.) Lindl.; Platanthera
robusta Lindl.; Platanthera susannae (L.) Lindl.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas. Laos: Champasak (S); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL604 [S. Bounphany]; S).
Terrestrial in open woodland in the lowlands. July, August.
Epiphyte in deep shade low on a tree trunk along a stream,
750 m a.s.l. October.
Pelatantheria ctenoglossum Ridl.
Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr.
Aerides cylindrica Hook.; Aerides subulata (J. Koenig) Schltr.;
Cymbidium cylindricum Heyne ex Wall.; Dendrobium teres Roxb.;
Epidendrum subulatum J. Koenig; Limodorum subulatum (J.
Koenig) Willd.; Papilionanthe cylindrica (Lindl.) Seidenf.; Papilionanthe subulata (J. Koenig) Garay; Vanda teres (Roxb.) Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos:
Attapu (S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL118 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K.
Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB54); Louang Namtha (N);
Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (sight record [P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay; photo]; S); Saravan (N); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL1045 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane
(sight record; S); ‘Nam Eah’ (S).
Cleisostoma lophochilum (Gagnep.) Garay; Cleisostoma thomatoglossum Guillaumin; Sarcanthus lophochilus Gagnep.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL43 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman, V. Vannachak
PB174); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL772 [P. Sengsomphou]); Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL706 [V. Lamxay et
al.]); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on branch of tree at base of a small, steep
limestone hill, 171 m a.s.l. MayAugust.
Pelatantheria rivesii (Guillaumin) Tang & F. T. Wang
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also on solitary
roadside trees, 170737 m a.s.l. JanuaryMarch, December.
Cleisostoma simondianum (Gagnep.) Garay; Sarcanthus rivesii
Guillaumin; Sarcanthus simondianus Gagnep.; Sarcanthus tonkinensis Guillaumin.
Pecteilis hawkesiana (King & Pantl.) C. S. Kumar
China (Yunnan, Hainan), Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (S);
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB356); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB223).
Habenaria hawkesiana King & Pantl.; Pecteilis sagarikii Seidenf.;
Platanthera hawkesiana (King & Pantl.) Kraenzl.
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1402
[B. Svengsuksa et al.], found on local market, collected in
the surrounding countryside).
August, September.
Epiphyte in evergreen forest on a limestone hill and in semideciduous secondary forest, 7221063 m a.s.l. October,
November.
Pecteilis henryi Schltr.
Peristylus affinis (D. Don) Seidenf.
Habenaria bassacensis Gagnep.; Habenaria lacei (Rolfe ex Downie)
Gagnep.; Pecteilis bassacensis (Gagnep.) Tang & F. T. Wang;
Pecteilis lacei (Rolfe ex Downie) Tang & F. T. Wang; Platanthera
lacei Rolfe ex Downie.
Habenaria affinis D. Don; Habenaria hollandiae (J. J. Sm.) Schltr.;
Habenaria lauterbachii Kraenzl.; Habenaria sampsonii (Hance)
Hance; Peristylus hollandiae J. J. Sm.; Peristylus sampsonii Hance.
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma, China (Yunnan). Laos: Champasak (S); Saravan (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1212 [P.
Bonnet]; S).
July.
India (NW and NE), Nepal, China, Thailand, New
Guinea. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Note: the distribution and taxonomy of this species are still
insufficiently known.
303
Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl.
Digomphotis undulata Raf.; Habenaria glaucescens Ridl.; Habenaria
goodyeroides D. Don; Habenaria goodyeroides D. Don var. formosana
Hayata; Habenaria sondaica Kraenzl.; Herminium goodyeroides (D.
Don) Lindl.; Peristylus horsfieldii Blume; Peristylus sphaerocentron
Tang & F. T. Wang; Platanthera horsfieldii (Blume) Naves.
India (NW, NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, ?New Guinea,
Philippines. Laos: Champasak (S); Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in open woodland in the lowlands. June.
Peristylus monticola (Ridl.) Seidenf.
Habenaria biloba (Rolfe) Schltr.; Habenaria bisaeta Ames; Habenaria deistelii Schltr.; Habenaria monticola Ridl.; Habenaria nitida
Schltr.; Peristylus bilobus Rolfe; Peristylus nitidus (Schltr.) P. F.
Hunt.
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda
Is., New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. P9 [P. Bonnet]; P. Bonnet PB551).
Terrestrial in a shaded spot in open montane conifer
woodland on acid soil, also terrestrial in thick moss in
grassland on wet rocky soil, 1020 m a.s.l. July, August.
Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl.
Bletia flava Wall. ex Lindl.; Bletia woodfordii Hook.; Hecabe lutea
Raf.; Limodorum flavum Blume; Phaius bracteosus Rchb. f.; Phaius
celebicus Schltr.; Phaius crispus Blume; Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl.
var. papuanus J. J. Sm.; Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl. f. punctatus
(Ohwi) Nackej.; Phaius flexuosus Blume; Phaius maculatus Lindl.;
Phaius minor Blume; Phaius platychilus Rchb. f.; Phaius somai
Hayata; Phaius undulatomarginatus Hayata; Phaius woodfordii
(Hook.) Merr.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Japan, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Vanuatu,
New Caledonia, Samoa. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Phaius indochinensis Seidenf. & Ormerod
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (N); Vientiane (sight
record [A. Schuiteman, P. Bonnet; without flowers,
photo]).
Epiphyte on tree trunks in montane forest on limestone,
also lithophytic, 1400 m a.s.l.
Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f.
Calanthe crinita Gagnep.; Calanthe ramosa Gagnep.; Limatodis
mishmensis Lindl. & Paxton; Phaius augustinianus Klotzsch; Phaius
crinitus (Gagnep.) Seidenf.; Phaius cupreus Rchb. f.; Phaius gracilis
Hayata; Phaius roseus Rolfe.
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India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Ryukyu Arch.,
Vietnam, Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, P.
Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB123); Louangphrabang
(S).
Terrestrial on the bank of a small stream in dense humid
evergreen forest, 863 m a.s.l. October, November.
Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex l’Hér.) Blume
Bletia tankervilleae (Banks ex l’Hér.) R. Br.; Calanthe bachmaensis
Gagnep.; Calanthe speciosa Vieill.; Limodorum incarvillei Blume;
Limodorum incarvillei Pers.; Limodorum tankervilleae Banks ex
l’Hér.; Pachyne spectabilis Salisb.; Phaius australis F. Muell. var.
bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb. f.) Nicholls; Phaius bernaysii F.
Muell. ex Bernays; Phaius bicolor Lindl.; Phaius blumei Lindl.;
Phaius blumei Lindl. var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.
ex Hook. f.; Phaius carronii F. Muell.; Phaius grandifolius Lindl.;
Phaius grandifolius Lour. var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb. f.) F.
M. Bailey; Phaius grandifolius Lour. var. superbus Van Houtte;
Phaius incarvillei (Pers.) Kuntze; Phaius leucophaeus F. Muell.;
Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex l’Hér.) Blume var. papuanus J. J.
Sm.; Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex l’Hér.) Blume var. pulchra
(King & Pantl.) Karth.; Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex l’Hér.)
Blume var. superbus (Van Houtte) S. Y. Hu; Phaius tankervilleae
(Banks ex l’Hér.) Blume f. veronicae S. Y. Hu & Barretto; Phaius
wallichii Lindl.; Tankervillia cantonensis Link.
Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Burma, China, Japan, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea,
Philippines, Australia, Pacific Is. Laos: Attapu (N); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL932 [M. Newman et al.]; N);
Savannakhet (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
JanuaryMarch.
Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f.
Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f. var. assamica
Mayr; Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f. var. flava
Braem ex Holle-de Raeve; Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume
& Rchb. f. f. flava (Braem ex Holle-de Raeve) Christenson;
Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f. var. picta
(Hassk.) H. R. Sweet; Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume &
Rchb. f. f. sanguinea Christenson; Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda)
Blume & Rchb. f. f. thalebanii (Seidenf.) Christenson; Phalaenopsis devriesiana Rchb. f.; Phalaenopsis lamelligera H. R. Sweet;
Phalaenopsis thalebanii Seidenf.; Polychilos cornucervi Breda; Polychilos lamelligera (H. R. Sweet) Shim; Polystylus cornucervi (Breda)
Hasselt ex Hassk.; Polystylus cornucervi (Breda) Hasselt ex Hassk.
var. picta Hassk.
India (NE), Burma, Nicobar Is., Thailand, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL208 [B. Svengsuksa et al., OL1014
[V. Lamxay et al.]); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1333
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman PB77; S).
Epiphyte in a shady spot at the base of a steep limestone
hill, also in lowland forest, 170500 m a.s.l. AprilOctober.
Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb. f.
Aerides latifolia Thwaites; Doritis deliciosa (Rchb. f.) T. Yukawa &
K. Kita; Doritis hebe (Rchb. f.) Schltr.; Doritis latifolia (Thwaites)
Benth. & Hook. f.; Doritis philippinensis Ames; Doritis steffensii
Schltr.; Doritis wightii (Rchb. f.) Benth. & Hook. f.; Kingidium
deliciosum (Rchb. f.) H. R. Sweet; Kingidium deliciosum (Teijsm.
& Binn.) H. R. Sweet var. bellum (Teijsm. & Binn.) O. Gruss &
Roellke; Kingidium philippinense (Ames) O. Gruss & Roellke;
Kingidium wightii (Rchb. f.) O. Gruss & Roellke; Kingiella hebe
(Rchb. f.) Rolfe; Kingiella philippinensis (Ames) Rolfe; Kingiella
steffensii (Schltr.) Rolfe; Phalaenopsis alboviolacea Ridl.; Phalaenopsis amethystina Rchb. f.; Phalaenopsis bella Teijsm. & Binn.;
Phalaenopsis hebe Rchb. f.; Phalaenopsis hebe Rchb. f. var.
amboinensis J. J. Sm.; Phalaenopsis wightii Rchb. f.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1130 [P. Bonnet]; P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A.
Schuiteman PB134); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL308 [N.
Soulivong]; S).
Epiphyte in gallery forest along a large river; also lithophytic
in a shady spot in humid evergreen forest on the slope of a
steep limestone hill, 170648 m a.s.l. MaySeptember.
Phalaenopsis gibbosa H. R. Sweet
Doritis gibbosa (H. R. Sweet) T. Yukawa & K. Kita; Polychilos
gibbosa (H. R. Sweet) Shim.
Vietnam. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB345); ‘Dank Gap’ (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on a limestone hill, 722
m a.s.l. MarchJune.
Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J. J. Sm.
Doritis pulcherrima Lindl.; Doritis pulcherrima Wall. ex Lindl. f.
alba O. Gruss & Roeth; Doritis pulcherrima Wall. ex Lindl. f.
albiflora (Rchb. f.) O. Gruss & Roeth; Doritis pulcherrima Lindl.
var. candidula (Rolfe) Guillaumin; Doritis pulcherrima Lindl. var.
coerulea Fowlie; Doritis pulcherrima Wall. ex Lindl. f. coerulea
(Fowlie) O. Gruss & Roeth; Phalaenopsis antennifera Rchb. f.;
Phalaenopsis esmeralda Rchb. f.; Phalaenopsis esmeralda Rchb. f.
var. albiflora Rchb. f.; Phalaenopsis esmeralda Rchb. f. var.
candidula Rolfe; Phalaenopsis mastersii King & Pantl.; Phalaenopsis
pulcherrima (Lindl.) J. J. Sm. f. alba (O. Gruss & Roeth)
Christenson; Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J. J. Sm. f. albifora
(Rchb. f.) Christenson; Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J. J. Sm.
f. coerulea (Fowlie) Christenson.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1000 [V. Lamxay et al.]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1155 [M. Newman et al.]);
Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL1032 [V. Lamxay et al.]; S);
Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1126 [P. Bonnet]; NUOL cult.
OL293 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult. OL447 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Lithophyte in exposed places on almost bare rock at ground
level on a hilltop covered with secondary forest, also in the
mountains, 2971300 m a.s.l. JuneSeptember.
Pholidota articulata Lindl.
Coelogyne articulata (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Pholidota articulata Lindl.
var. minahassae (Schltr.) J. J. Sm.; Pholidota decurva Ridl.;
Pholidota griffithii Hook. f.; Pholidota khasiyana Rchb. f.;
Pholidota lugardii Rolfe; Pholidota minahassae Schltr.; Pholidota
obovata Hook. f.; Pholidota repens Rolfe.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Attapu (P. Bonnet
PB528); Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB427; D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB467); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL7 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Khammouan (NUOL
cult. OL615 [M. Newman et al.]; P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K.
Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB1; N); Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB366); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB270); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL448 [B. Svengsuksa et
al.]); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Phu Khao Khouai’ (S).
Epiphyte in open montane conifer woodland, in dense
humid evergreen forest close to a waterfall, in open semideciduous dipterocarp forest, in riverine forest, and in
humid evergreen montane forest, also lithophyte on the
summit of a small limestone hill covered with open
xerophytic forest, 4571077 m a.s.l. July.
Pholidota chinensis Lindl.
Coelogyne chinensis (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne corniculata Rchb. f.;
Coelogyne pholas Rchb. f.; Pholidota annamensis Gagnep.; Pholidota
corniculata (Rchb. f.) Hook. f.; Pholidota laucheana Kraenzl.;
Pholidota pholas Rchb. f.; Pholidota pyrranthela Gagnep.; Pleione
corniculata (Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
Burma, Thailand, China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB410);
Houaphan (NUOL cult. OL877 [P. Thomas et al.]).
Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall,
1077 m a.s.l. January, March, June.
Pholidota convallariae (Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
Coelogyne convallariae Rchb. f.; Pholidota fragrans Ridl.
India, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java.
Laos: Champasak (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud
PB595).
Lithophyte on dry rock in the shade on a hilltop, also
epiphytic, 1245 m a.s.l. February, March.
305
Pholidota imbricata Hook.
Coelogyne conchoidea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne crotalina (Rchb.
f.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne imbricata (Hook.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne
loricata (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne triotos (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.;
Cymbidium imbricatum Roxb.; Pholidota assamica Hort. Sander ex
Regel; Pholidota beccarii Schltr.; Pholidota bracteata (D. Don)
Seidenf.; Pholidota conchoidea Lindl.; Pholidota crotalina Rchb. f.;
Pholidota grandis Kraenzl.; Pholidota henryi Kraenzl.; Pholidota
imbricata Hook. var. longifolia Schltr.; Pholidota imbricata Hook.
var. montana Schltr.; Pholidota imbricata Hook. var. papuana J. J.
Sm.; Pholidota imbricata Lindl. ex Hook. var. platyphylla Schltr.;
Pholidota loricata Rchb. f.; Pholidota pygmaea H. J. Chowdhery &
G. D. Pal; Pholidota spectabilis Kraenzl. ex Guillaumin; Pholidota
triotos Rchb. f.; Ptilocnema bracteatum D. Don.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, ?Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New
Guinea, Philippines, Australia, Solomon Is., New Caledonia, east to Tahiti. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB461); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL245 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Houaphan
(N); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1150 [M. Newman
et al.]; P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB29; S); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB388); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB215; S); Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL335 [S. Sopraseuth]; S); Xaisomboun (N); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte on tree trunk near a small stream in deciduous
dipterocarp forest, in humid evergreen forest on a steep
limestone hill, on a large ficus branch in riverine forest, also
lithophytic on the summit of a small limestone hill covered
with open xerophtic forest, 457737 m a.s.l. July, August.
India (NE), Burma, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL1643 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
February.
Pleione hookeriana (Lindl.) B. S. Williams
Coelogyne hookeriana Lindl.; Pleione hookeriana (Lindl.) B. S.
Williams f. alba Torelli & Riccab.; Pleione hookeriana (Lindl.) B.
S. Williams var. brachyglossa (Rchb. f.) Karth.; Pleione hookeriana
(Lindl.) B. S. Williams var. milanii (Braem) Torelli & Riccab.;
Pleione laotica Kerr; Pleione milanii Braem.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand. Laos:
Xaisomboun (S).
Epiphyte on mossy trees in evergreen upper montane forest,
25002700 m a.s.l. April.
Note: this species currently holds the altitudinal record
among Laotian orchids, but our knowledge of the orchid
flora of the higher mountains in Laos is very scanty. The
highest mountain in Laos, Phu Bia, from which this species
is also recorded, reaches 2817 m a.s.l.
Plocoglottis bokorensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum bokorense Gagnep.; Plocoglottis mirabilis Seidenf.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P.
Bonnet, B. Laville PB654).
Terrestrial in dense evergreen forest close to a small stream,
300 m a.s.l. June, July.
Podochilus cf. khasianus Hook. f.
Pholidota pallida Lindl.
Podochilus intemedius Aver.; Podochilus sinensis Schltr.
Coelogyne calceata (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne pallida (Lindl.)
Rchb. f.; Pholidota calceata Rchb. f.; Pholidota schlechteri Gagnep.;
Pholidota tixieri Guillaumin; Pholidota yunnanensis Schltr.; Pholidota yunpeensis Hu.
India (NE), Bhutan, China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(NUOL cult. OL s. n.); Champasak (P. Bonnet PB619).
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,
Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang (S).
Pholidota recurva Lindl.
Epiphyte at 23 m high on tree trunk in wet evergreen
tropical forest at 10 m from the top of a large waterfall,
1070 m a.s.l. January, July, August, October.
Note: even though we are not entirely confident about our
identification we have included this taxon as it is the only
recorded species of Podochilus from Laos.
Coelogyne recurva (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, M. Coutaud PB626); Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL749 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen montane forest, 1245 m a.s.l.
August.
Pholidota rubra Lindl.
Coelogyne rubra (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Coelogyne undulata (Lindl.)
Rchb. f.; Pholidota undulata Lindl.
306
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H. R. Sweet
Callista flavescens (Blume) Kuntze; Dendrobium flavescens (Blume)
Lindl.; Dendrobium parvum Seidenf.; Dendrobium polystachys
Thouars; Dendrorchis zollingeri (Rchb. f.) Kuntze; Epidendrum
bidentatum J. Koenig; Epidendrum concretum Jacq.; Limodorum
bidentatum (J. Koenig) Willd.; Maxillaria luteola (Sw.) Beer;
Maxillaria purpurea (Wight) Beer; Onychium flavescens Blume;
Polystachya flavescens (Blume) J. J. Sm.; Polystachya penangensis
Ridl.; Polystachya pleistantha Kraenzl.; Polystachya purpurea Wight;
Polystachya purpurea Wight var. lutescens Gagnep.; Polystachya
siamensis Ridl.; Polystachya singapurensis Ridl.; Polystachya zeylanica
Lindl.; Polystachya zollingeri Rchb. f.
Pantropical. In Asia: Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas, Philippines. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. P12 [P. Bonnet]; P. Bonnet PB509);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB22); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB342; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB302); Louangphrabang (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB243; P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh,
C. Loinheuang PB574); Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB69; S); ‘Bolovens’ (S).
Epiphyte on coffee trees and shrubs in montane coffee
plantation, on a small tree trunk in evergreen forest, in dry
evergreen forest near a waterfall, in mixed deciduous
forest, in secondary Fagaceae-dominated evergreen montane forest, and on small trees near a small stream trough
open montane conifer woodland, 4411150 m a.s.l. June
September.
Pomatocalpa angustifolium Seidenf.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL1073 [M. Newman et al.]).
November.
Pomatocalpa naevatum J. J. Sm.
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Laos: Attapu
(NUOL cult. OL314 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL119 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Savannakhet
(NUOL cult. OL1037 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL417 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, lesser Sunda Is., Philippines. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL161 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Houaphan
(NUOL cult. OL882 [P. Thomas et al.]); Louangphrabang
(S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB261); Vientiane (S); Xaisomboun (NUOL cult. OL367
[V. Lamxay et al.]); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in montane humid evergreen forest, also in
evergreen forest on limestone hill and in the lowlands,
170907 m a.s.l. FebruaryApril.
Pomatocalpa tonkinense (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
Camarotis falciformis Tixier; Cleisostoma tonkinense Gagnep.;
Pomatocalpa falciforme (Tixier) Garay; Pomatocalpa laoticum
Seidenf.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Porpax elwesii (Rchb. f.) Rolfe
Eria elwesii Rchb. f.; Porpax elwesii (Rchb. f.) Kraenzl.; Porpax
meirax (Parish & Rchb. f.) King & Pantl. var. elwesii (Rchb. f.) R.
C. Srivast.
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, P. Bonnet, D.
Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]); Champasak (S);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL813 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB73; S).
Epiphyte on trees along a river in dipterocarp forest, 300 m
a.s.l., June, July.
Lithophyte on large smooth boulders in a stream together
with Eria spirodela and mosses, 7911500 m a.s.l. October
December.
Pomatocalpa siamense (Rolfe ex Downie) Summerh.
Porpax fibuliformis King & Pantl.
Cleisostoma siamense Rolfe ex Downie; Echioglossum siamense
(Rolfe ex Downie) Szlach.; Pomatocalpa latifolium (Lindl.) J. J.
Sm. var. siamense (Rolfe ex Downie) Tang & F. T. Wang.
India (NE), Thailand. Laos: Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB68; S).
Thailand. Laos: Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (N).
Epiphyte on tree in open scrub and in evergreen lowland
forest, 200 m a.s.l. April.
Lithophyte on a small rock on the summit of a small hill in
a montane conifer woodland, 556 m a.s.l. June.
Porpax reticulata Lindl.
India (Deccan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
8001500 m a.s.l. February.
Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda
Cleisostoma crassum Ridl.; Cleisostoma expansum Rchb. f.; Cleisostoma uteriferum Hook. f.; Cleisostoma vitellinum Rchb. f.;
Cleisostoma wendlandorum Rchb. f.; Pomatocalpa expansum
(Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm.; Pomatocalpa setulense (Ridl.) Holttum;
Pomatocalpa vitellinum (Rchb. f.) Ames; Pomatocalpa wendlandorum (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm.; Saccolabium flavescens Ridl.; Saccolabium hobsonii Ridl.; Saccolabium setulense Ridl.; Saccolabium
uteriferum (Hook. f.) Ridl.; Saccolabium wendlandorum (Rchb.
f.) Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl.
Pteroceras teres (Blume) Holttum
Aerides suaveolens Roxb.; Aerides teres (Blume) Lindl.; Dendrocolla
teres Blume; Ornitharium striatulum Lindl.; Ornithochilus striatulus
Hort. Calc. ex Lindl.; Pteroceras radicans Hassk.; Pteroceras
suaveolens (Roxb.) Holttum; Sarcochilus palawanensis Ames;
Sarcochilus suaveolens (Roxb.) Hook. f.; Sarcochilus teres (Blume)
Rchb. f.; Sarcochilus teres (Blume) Rchb. f. var. exinflatus J. J. Sm.;
Thrixspermum teres (Blume) Rchb. f.
307
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser
Sunda Is., Moluccas, Philippines. Laos: Champasak (P.
Bonnet PB503, found on local market, collected in the
surrounding countryside); Vientiane (S).
Lowlands. JulyDecember.
Renanthera coccinea Lour.
Epidendrum renanthera Raeusch.
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P.
Bonnet, T. Keokene PB195; S); Khammouan (N); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (P. Bonnet PB475; S); Xiangkhoang (S); ‘can trap’ (S).
Epiphyte in a tree crown in deciduous dipterocarp forest on
rocky soil, at the base of a tree trunk on a small limestone
hill, on tree in open scrub, also as a terrestrial climber in
open secondary forest near a large waterfall. 200307 m
a.s.l. FebruaryApril.
Rhynchostylis coelestis (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. ex Veitch
Saccolabium coeleste Rchb. f.; Vanda pseudocaerulescens Guillaumin.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL
cult. OL329 [S. Sopraseuth]; NUOL cult. OL347 [S.
Sopraseuth]); unspecified (S).
May.
retusus (L.) Kuntze; Gastrochilus rheedii (Wight) Kuntze; Gastrochilus spicatus (D. Don) Kuntze; Limodorum retusum (L.) Sw.;
Orchis lanigera Blanco; Rhynchostylis gurwalica (Lindl.) Rchb. f.;
Rhynchostylis guttata (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Rhynchostylis praemorsa
(Willd.) Blume; Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume var. macrostachya
Rchb. f.; Rhynchostylis violacea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. var. berkeleyi
(Rchb. f.) Stein; Saccolabium berkeleyi Rchb. f.; Saccolabium blumei
Lindl.; Saccolabium blumei Lindl. var. major B. S. Williams;
Saccolabium blumei Lindl. var. russelianum B. S. Williams;
Saccolabium furcatum Hort. ex B. S. Williams; Saccolabium
gurwalicum Lindl.; Saccolabium guttatum (Lindl.) Lindl.; Saccolabium heathii Hort.; Saccolabium holfordianum Hort.; Saccolabium
littorale Rchb. f.; Saccolabium macrostachyum Lindl.; Saccolabium
praemorsum (Willd.) Lindl.; Saccolabium retusum (L.) Voigt;
Saccolabium rheedii Wight; Saccolabium spicatum (D. Don) Lindl.;
Saccolabium turneri B. S. Williams; Sarcanthus guttatus Lindl.
Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL52 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; NUOL cult. OL538 [B. Svengsuksa]; S);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman,
V. Vannachak PB172); Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, V.
Lamxay PB320; N); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL788 [P.
Sengsomphou]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL396 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S); ‘Mekong’ (S); ‘Mt Singh’ (S);
‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S; possibly Savannakhet).
Epiphyte on the summit of a small limestone hill covered
with open xerophytic forest, also in deciduous mixed
montane forest on a hilltop, 2221216 m a.s.l. May, June.
Robiquetia spatulata (Blume) J. J. Sm.
Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl.
Anota densiflora (Lindl.) Schltr.; Anota gigantea (Lindl.) Fukuy.;
Anota hainanensis (Rolfe) Schltr.; Anota harrisoniana (Hook.)
Schltr.; Anota violacea (Lindl.) Schltr.; Gastrochilus giganteus
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Gastrochilus violacea (Lindl.) Kuntze; Rhynchostylis
gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. var. petotiana (Rchb. f.) Guillaumin in
Gagnep.; Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. subsp. violacea
(Lindl.) Christenson; Rhynchostylis violacea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.;
Saccolabium albolineatum Teijsm. & Binn.; Saccolabium giganteum
Lindl.; Saccolabium giganteum Lindl. var. petotianum Rchb. f.;
Saccolabium hanissonii Boxall ex Náves; Saccolabium harrisonianum Hook.; Saccolabium violaceum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Vanda
densiflora Lindl.; Vanda hainanensis Rolfe; Vanda violacea Lindl.
Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Philippines. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1076 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Savannakhet (NUOL cult. OL305 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL452 [V. Lamxay et al.]; S);
‘Bolovens’ (S).
Lowlands. January, December.
Aerides densiflora (Lindl.) Hook. f.; Cleisostoma robustum Guillaumin; Cleisostoma spatulatum Blume; Cleisostoma spicatum
Lindl.; Gastrochilus densiflorus (Lindl.) Kuntze; Pomatocalpa
densiflorum (Lindl.) Tang & F. T. Wang; Rhynchostylis densiflora
(Lindl.) L. O. Williams; Saccolabium acutilabrum Gagnep.;
Saccolabium borneense Rchb. f.; Saccolabium densiflorum Lindl.;
Sarcanthus armeniacus Rchb. f.; Sarcanthus castaneus Ridl.;
Sarcanthus densiflorus (Lindl.) Parish & Rchb. f.; Sarcanthus
pendulus Klinge.
India (NE), Burma, China (Hainan), Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam,, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL
cult. OL1097 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL268 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL717 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on a liana over a large stream in humid secondary
evergreen lowland forest, 169 m a.s.l. May, June.
Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay
Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume
Aerides guttata (Lindl.) Roxb.; Aerides praemorsa Willd.; Aerides
retusa (L.) Sw.; Aerides spicata D. Don; Aerides undulata Sm.;
Epidendrum hippium Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don; Epidendrum
indicum Poir.; Epidendrum retusum L.; Gastrochilus blumei (Lindl.)
Kuntze; Gastrochilus gurwalicus (Lindl.) Kuntze; Gastrochilus
308
Cleisostoma virginale Hance; Pomatocalpa virginale (Hance) J. J.
Sm.; Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Tang & F. T. Wang.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL354; S).
Epiphyte in open riverine forest in the lowlands. June
August, October.
Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Rchb. f.) Garay
Smitinandia micrantha (Lindl.) Holttum
Sarcanthus gilbertii Hook. f.; Sarcanthus mirabilis Rchb. f.;
Sarcanthus tixieri Guillaumin; Sarcanthus vientianensis Guillaumin.
Ascocentrum micranthum (Reinw. ex Blume) Holttum; Cleisostoma
micranthum (Lindl.) King & Pantl.; Cleisostoma petitiana Guillaumin; Cleisostoma poilanei Gagnep.; Cleisostoma tixieri Guillaumin;
Gastrochilus parviflorus Kuntze; Pomatocalpa poilanei (Gagnep.)
Tang & F. T. Wang; Saccolabium fissum Ridl.; Saccolabium
micranthum Lindl.; Uncifera albiflora Guillaumin.
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma. Laos: Champasak (S); Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB264);
Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen lowland and montane forest,
1701500 m a.s.l. March, April.
Sarcoglyphis smithianus (Kerr) Seidenf.
India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Laos: Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL36 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]; N); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL297 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Louangphrabang
(S); Vientiane (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Sarcanthus smithianus Kerr; Sarcoglyphis yunnanensis Z. H. Tsi.
China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louang
Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB328; P. Bonnet,
A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB353); Phongsali (P. Bonnet,
S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang PB555); Vientiane (D.
Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman
PB83); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte near a small waterfall in dry evergreen forest, in
humid evergreen forest on a steep limestone hill, in mixed
deciduous forest, and in a shady spot at the base of a steep
limestone hill, 2001150 m a.s.l. MarchMay.
Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J. J. Sm.
Cleisostoma dichroantha Gagnep. var. teurnamense Tixier; Cleisostoma dichroanthum Gagnep.; Cleisostoma evrardii Gagnep.; Saccolabium gemmatum Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB422);
Champasak (P. Bonnet PB516; S).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on an exposed fallen
tree trunk, 1077 m a.s.l. May, June.
On small trees on rocky limestone hill, 170300 m a.s.l.
JanuaryJune.
Spathoglottis affinis de Vriese
Spathoglottis lobbii Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman,
P. Bonnet, D. Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]);
Champasak (NUOL cult. P5 [P. Bonnet]; S); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL356 [S. Sopraseuth]; S); Xaisomboun (N);
‘Bolovens’ (S).
Lithophyte on steep open rocky slope above a stream, also
on boulders in open conifer woodland and terrestrial among
shrubs along a road, 1701000 m a.s.l. AugustOctober.
Spathoglottis eburnea Gagnep.
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan (P.
Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB10;
P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak
PB13); Vientiane (S); Xaisomboun (N).
Terrestrial in sandy soil in open deciduous mixed and
dipterocarp forest, ca 550 m a.s.l. October.
Seidenfadenia mitrata (Rchb. f.) Garay
Aerides mitrata Rchb. f.
Spathoglottis plicata Blume
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult. OL s.
n.).
Bletia angustata Gaudich.; Bletia angustifolia Gaudich.; Calanthe
poilanei Gagnep.; Limodorum unguiculatum Labill.; Paxtonia rosea
Lindl.; Spathoglottis angustifolia (Gaudich.) Benth. & Hook. f.;
Spathoglottis daenikeri Kraenzl.; Spathoglottis grandifolia Schltr.;
Spathoglottis lanepoolei R. S. Rogers; Spathoglottis lilacina Griff.;
Spathoglottis papuana F. M. Bailey var. puberiflora R. S. Rogers &
C. T. White; Spathoglottis papuana F. M. Bailey var. puberula
Schltr.; Spathoglottis regnieri Rchb. f.; Spathoglottis rosea (Lindl.)
Nicholson; Spathoglottis spicata Lindl.; Spathoglottis unguiculata
(Labill.) Rchb. f.; Spathoglottis vieillardii Rchb. f.; Spathoglottis
wariana Schltr.
Epiphyte in open forest. March, April.
Smitinandia helferi (Hook. f.) Garay
Gastrochilus helferi (Hook. f.) Kuntze; Saccolabium helferi Hook. f.;
Saccolabium humile Ridl.; Smitinandia humilis (Ridl.) Holttum.
309
Sri Lanka, India, Burma, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Arch.,
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New
Guinea, Philippines, Pacific islands east to Fiji and Tonga.
Laos: Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL358 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]).
MaySeptember.
Sunipia andersonii (King & Pantl.) P. F. Hunt
Ione andersonii King & Pantl.; Ione pallida Aver.; Ione purpurata
Braid; Sunipia purpurata (Braid) P. F. Hunt.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan (NUOL cult. OL874
[P. Thomas et al.]).
October.
Spathoglottis pubescens Lindl.
Cymbidium guttatum Bureau & Franch. ex Gagnep.; Pachystoma
fortunei (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Spathoglottis fortunei Lindl.; Spathoglottis
plicata Blume var. pubescens (Lindl.) Hiroe; Spathoglottis pubescens
Lindl. var. fortunei (Lindl.) Gagnep.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Laos: Champasak (photos seen); Houaphan (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Lithophyte on flat open rocky terrain covered with moss
and herbaceous plants close to humid evergreen forest, 1245
m a.s.l. October.
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames
Aristotelea spiralis Lour.; Calanthe australis (R. Br.) Aiton ex
Loudon; Epidendrum aristotelia Raeusch.; Gyrostachis amoena (M.
Bieb.) Blume; Gyrostachis australis (R. Br.) Blume; Gyrostachis
australis (R. Br.) Blume var. amoena Blume; Gyrostachis australis
(R. Br.) Blume var. crispata Blume; Gyrostachis australis (R. Br.)
Blume var. flexuosa Blume; Gyrostachis australis (R. Br.) Blume var.
parviflora Blume; Gyrostachis australis (R. Br.) Blume var.
wightiana Blume; Gyrostachis pusilla Blume; Gyrostachys stylites
(Lindl.) Kuntze; Gyrostachys wightiana (Lindl.) Kuntze; Monustes
australis (R. Br.) Raf.; Neottia amoena M. Bieb.; Neottia australis
R. Br.; Neottia crispata Blume; Neottia flexuosa Sm.; Neottia
parviflora Sm.; Neottia pudica (Lindl.) Sweet; Neottia sinensis Pers.;
Ophrys spiralis Georgi; Spiranthes amoena (M. Bieb.) Spreng.;
Spiranthes angustilabris J. J. Sm.; Spiranthes aristotelia (Raeusch.)
Merr.; Spiranthes australis (R. Br.) Lindl.; Spiranthes australis (R.
Br.) Lindl. var. pudica (Lindl.) Lindl.; Spiranthes australis (R. Br.)
Lindl. var. suishaensis Hayata; Spiranthes australis (R. Br.) Lindl.
var. wightiana Lindl. ex Hook. f.; Spiranthes crispata (Blume) Zoll.
& Moritzi; Spiranthes densa A. Rich.; Spiranthes flexuosa (Sm.)
Lindl.; Spiranthes indica Lindl. ex Steud.; Spiranthes longispicata A.
Rich.; Spiranthes neocaledonica Schltr.; Spiranthes novaezeylandiae
Hook. f.; Spiranthes papuana Schltr.; Spiranthes parviflora (Sm.)
Lindl.; Spiranthes pudica Lindl.; Spiranthes pusilla (Blume) Miq.;
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames var. australis (R. Br.) Hara &
Kitam.; Spiranthes spiralis (Lour.) Makino; Spiranthes stylites
Lindl.; Spiranthes suishaensis (Hayata) Schltr.; Spiranthes viridiflora
Makino; Spiranthes wightiana Lindl.
Tropical and subtropical continental Asia, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda
Is., Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, New
Zealand, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia,
Samoa. Laos: Khammouan (sight record [M. Newman et
al.; photos seen]).
Terrestrial in damp grassland. February.
310
Sunipia grandiflora (Rolfe) P. F. Hunt
Ione grandiflora Rolfe.
Thailand, Burma. Laos: Champasak (P. Bonnet PB526,
found on local market, collected in the surrounding
countryside).
July.
Sunipia scariosa Lindl.
Ione siamensis Rolfe; Ione scariosa (Lindl.) King & Pantl.; Ione
scariosa var. magnibracteata Kerr.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand.
Laos: Xiangkhoang (S); ‘Muang Nan Eka’ (S; possibly in
Louangphrabang).
Epiphyte on trees on rocky limestone mountain, 1500 m
a.s.l. April.
Taeniophyllum retrospiculatum (King & Pantl.) King &
Pantl.
Sarcochilus retrospiculatus King & Pantl.
India (NE). Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB267).
Epiphyte in dense evergreen montane forest close to a small
stream, 1240 m a.s.l. October, November.
Tainia angustifolia (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f.
Ania angustifolia Lindl.; Ascotainia angustifolia (Lindl.) Schltr.;
Ascotainia sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie; Eulophia evrardii Guillaumin; Mitopetalum angustifolium (Lindl.) Blume; Nephelaphyllum
evrardii (Guillaumin) Tang & F. T. Wang; Pachystoma angustifolium (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Tainia sutepensis (Rolfe ex Downie)
Seidenf. & Smitinand.
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet PB651); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P.
Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB8); Phongsali
(NUOL cult. OL780 [P. Sengsomphou]).
Lithophyte on a small rock in secondary humid evergreen
forest near a large stream, also terrestrial in open deciduous
dipterocarp forest, 300554 m a.s.l. September, October.
Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Ania latifolia Lindl.; Eria angulata Rchb. f.; Eria ania Rchb. f.;
Eria hologlossa Parish & Rchb. f.; Eulophia hastata Lindl.;
Mitopetalum latifolium (Lindl.) Blume; Tainia angulata (Rchb.
f.) Benth. ex Kraenzl.; Tainia cordata Hook. f.; Tainia hastata
(Lindl.) Hook. f.; Tainia hologlossa (Parish & Rchb. f.) Benth. ex
Hook. f.; Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook. f.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos:
Xiangkhoang (S).
February, March.
Epiphyte on tree trunk in secondary humid evergreen forest
near a large stream, also in the lowlands, 170300 m a.s.l.
MayJuly.
Thelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Blume
Euproboscis pygmaea Griff.; Thelasis amboinensis (J. J. Sm.) J. J.
Sm.; Thelasis celebica Schltr.; Thelasis elongata Blume; Thelasis
elongata Blume var. amboinensis J. J. Sm.; Thelasis hongkongensis
Rolfe; Thelasis triandra Blume; Thelasis triptera Rchb. f.; Thelasis
zollingeri Rchb. f.
Ania hookeriana (King & Pantl.) Tang & F. T. Wang ex
Summerh.; Ania penangiana (Hook. f.) Summerh.; Ascotainia
hookeriana (King & Pantl.) Ridl.; Ascotainia penangiana (Hook. f.)
Ridl.; Ascotainia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie; Tainia hookeriana
King & Pantl.; Tainia siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf. &
Smitinand.
India, Nepal, Burma, China, Andaman Is., Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, Sulawesi, lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Is. Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult.
OL1114 [D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]);
Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V.
Vannachak PB65); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1202 [P.
Bonnet]).
India (NE), Bhutan, China (Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Khammouan (NUOL cult.
OL885, OL903, OL1072, OL1145 [all M. Newman
et al.]).
January, February.
Lithophyte on vertical rock in open montane conifer
woodland, on moss-covered rocks in an open place at the
top of a 15 m high waterfall, also epiphytic in mixed
deciduous forest, 307889 m a.s.l. AprilAugust.
Thaia saprophytica Seidenf.
Thrixspermum centipeda Lour.
Thailand. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman,
V. Vannachak PB645).
Aerides arachnites (Blume) Lindl.; Cleisostoma complanatum (J.
Koenig) Lindl. ex Steud.; Dendrobium auriferum Lindl.; Dendrocolla arachnites Blume; Dendrocolla serraeformis (Lindl.) Lindl. ex
Thwaites; Epidendrum complanatum J. Koenig; Epidendrum
thrixspermum Raeusch.; Limodorum complanatum (J. Koenig)
Willd.; Liparis serraeformis Lindl.; Sarcochilus arachnites (Blume)
Rchb. f.; Sarcochilus aurifer (Lindl.) Rolfe; Sarcochilus centipeda
(Lour.) Náves; Sarcochilus complanatus (J. Koenig) Hook. f.;
Sarcochilus hainanensis Rolfe; Sarcochilus serraeformis (Lindl.)
Rchb. f.; Thrixspermum arachnites (Blume) Rchb. f.; Thrixspermum
auriferum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Thrixspermum auriferum (Lindl.)
Schltr.; Thrixspermum complanatum (J. Koenig) Schltr.; Thrixspermum papillosum Carr; Thrixspermum serraeforme (Lindl.) Rchb. f.;
Vanda pauciflora Breda.
Tainia penangiana Hook. f.
Semi-lithophyte in small pockets of soil between limestone
rock on hills covered with open semi-deciduous forest, 200
m a.s.l. September, October.
Note: this species was originally described as a leafless
‘saprophyte’. Observations by the authors, as well as by
Prapanth Iamwiriyakul (pers. comm.) in Thailand, have
shown that this is a species with deciduous leafy shoots
arising from a subterranean corm which flowers when the
leaves have already died.
Thecostele alata (Roxb.) Parish & Rchb. f.
Acriopsis latifolia Rolfe; Collabium annamense Gagnep.; Collabium
wrayi Hook. f.; Cymbidium alatum Roxb.; Pholidota elmeri Ames;
Thecostele elmeri (Ames) Ames; Thecostele maculosa Ridl.; Thecostele
poilanei Gagnep.; Thecostele wrayi (Hook. f.) Rolfe; Thecostele
zollingeri Rchb. f.
India (NE), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(photos seen); Champasak (NUOL cult. OL1016); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL921 [M. Newman et al.]; N);
Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1722 [B.
Svengsuksa & B. Laville]; S); ‘between April and Achang’
(S).
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (P. Bonnet
PB513); Khammouan (P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K. Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB21; P. Bonnet, P. Kessler, K.
Nanthavong, V. Vannachak PB48; N); Louang Namtha (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB335); Phongsali (NUOL cult.
OL397 [Hul & Thebaud]); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL406
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]; S); ‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S;
possibly Savannakhet).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, in humid evergreen
forest, in dry evergreen forest on a hilltop near a waterfall,
on coffee trees in coffee plantation, 5371150 m a.s.l. May,
June, SeptemberDecember.
311
Thrixspermum clavatum (J. Koenig) Garay
Trias disciflora (Rolfe) Rolfe
Dendrocolla maculata Ridl.; Epidendrum clavatum J. Koenig;
Gastrochilus clavatus (J. Koenig) Kuntze; Limodorum clavatum (J.
Koenig) Willd.; Saccolabium clavatum (J. Koenig) Lindl.; Thrixspermum ciliatum Schltr.; Thrixspermum infractum Schltr.; Thrixspermum ridleyanum Schltr.; Thrixspermum rubrocallosum Carr.
Bulbophyllum disciflorum Rolfe.
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Laos:
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL1290 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
NUOL cult. OL830 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Epiphyte on small trees along a small stream through open
conifer woodland, 500759 m a.s.l. JulyDecember.
Epiphyte on the distal part of small branches in dipterocarp
forest. June, December.
Trias nasuta (Rchb. f.) Stapf
India (NE), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL904 [M. Newman et al.]); Vientiane
(NUOL cult. OL1199 [P. Bonnet]; S).
Bulbophyllum nasutum Rchb. f.; Trias vitrina Rolfe.
Thrixspermum leucarachne Ridl.
Sarcochilus leucarachne (Ridl.) F. N. Williams.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman, P. Bonnet,
D. Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL581 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Houaphan
(NUOL cult. OL879 [P. Thomas et al.]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL899 [M. Newman et al.]; N); Vientiane
(S).
Lowlands. July, August, October, December.
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL1440); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL421 [B. Svengsuksa
et al.]).
January, October.
Trias nummularia Aver. & Averyanova
Vietnam. Laos: unspecified (Singapore Botanic Garden
cult. SBG-O 3649, det. J. J. Vermeulen).
Trichoglottis dawsoniana (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.
Thrixspermum pusillum (Guillaumin) Garay
Ascochilus pusillus Guillaumin; Pteroceras pusillum (Guillaumin) T.
B. Nguyen & Duong Duc Huyen.
Cleisostoma dawsonianum Rchb. f.; Sarothrochilus dawsonianum
(Rchb. f.) Schltr.; Staurochilus dawsonianus (Rchb. f.) Schltr.;
Trichoglottis multiloba Guillaumin.
Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Burma, Thailand. Laos: Xaignabouri (S).
Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook. f.) Kuntze
Trichoglottis fasciata Rchb. f.
Dendrocolla alba Ridl.; Dendrocolla trichoglottis (Hook. f.) Ridl.;
Sarcochilus trichoglottis Hook. f.; Thrixspermum album (Ridl.)
Schltr.
Staurochilus fasciatus (Rchb. f.) Ridl.; Stauropsis fasciata (Rchb. f.)
Benth.; Vandopsis leytensis Ames.
India (NE), Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL413 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; S).
Lowlands. MarchNovember.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo,
Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (S); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL127 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Vientiane (NUOL cult.
OL330 [S. Sopraseuth]; S); ‘between Mekong and Hue’ (S;
possibly Savannakhet).
Epiphyte in heavy woods in the lowlands. MarchMay.
Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Phaius albus Lindl.
India (NE), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan),
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL589 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(NUOL cult. OL949 [M. Newman et al.], OL1140 [M.
Newman et al.]; N); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1208 [P.
Bonnet et al.]).
Lithophyte on the top of a small moss-covered rock in
humid woodland, 1100 m a.s.l. January, December.
312
Trichoglottis lorata (Rolfe ex Downie) Schuit.
Ascochilus loratus Rolfe ex Downie; Pteroceras loratum (Rolfe ex
Downie) Seidenf. & Smitinand; Staurochilus loratus (Rolfe ex
Downie) Seidenf.
Thailand. Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB350; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB380).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest on a limestone hill, also
in secondary montane forest, 7221236 m a.s.l. May.
Trichoglottis orchidea (J. Koenig) Garay
Ceratochilus orchideus (J. Koenig) Lindl.; Cleisostoma tenuicaule
King & Pantl.; Epidendrum orchideum J. Koenig; Limodorum
orchideum (J. Koenig) Willd.; Saccolabium cornigerum Ridl.;
Saccolabium pantlingii Ridl.; Saccolabium peperomioides Kraenzl.;
Trichoglottis cirrhifera Teijsm. & Binn.; Trichoglottis tenuicaulis
(King & Pantl.) J. J. Sm.; Trichoglottis tetraceras Ridl.
Thailand, Nicobar Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Laos:
Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet, F. Hallé PB_TX1); Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL219 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Louangphrabang (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL331 [N. Soulivong]; S).
Epiphyte on a small tree branch in dense secondary
evergreen forest, 170307 m a.s.l. JanuaryApril.
Trichoglottis retusa Blume
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas. Laos:
Vientiane (S).
Note: at least some of the Indochinese specimens identified
as T. retusa show clear differences from Malesian material,
e.g. in the type of pubescence on the lip. Possibly more than
one species have been recorded under this name.
Trichoglottis seidenfadenii Aver.
Trichoglottis tomentosa Seidenf.
Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak (NUOL cult.
OL150b [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Trichotosia dasyphylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kraenzl.
Eria dasyphylla Parish & Rchb. f.; Eria evrardii Gagnep.; Pinalia
dasyphylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kuntze.
India (NE), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, China (Yunnan),
Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai (sight record [A. Schuiteman,
P. Bonnet, D. Barthélémy, E. Hoogendijk; photo]);
Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL942 [M. Newman et al.]);
Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman PB330);
Vientiane (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman
PB70; S); Xaignabouri (S); Xiangkhoang (S).
Epiphyte in dry evergreen forest on a hilltop near a
waterfall, also on small trees along a small stream through
open conifer woodland, and in evergreen montane forest,
8051200 m a.s.l. April, June, July.
Trichotosia microphylla Blume
Eria microphylla (Blume) Blume; Pinalia microphylla (Blume)
Kuntze.
Epiphyte near a waterfall in dense humid evergreen forest,
1077 m a.s.l. May.
Trichotosia pulvinata (Lindl.) Kraenzl.
Eria cristata Ridl.; Eria helleri A. D. Hawkes; Eria pulvinata
Lindl.; Eria rufinula Rchb. f.; Pinalia pulvinata (Lindl.) Kuntze;
Trichotosia cristata (Ridl.) Kraenzl.
India (NE), Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, S. Lanorsavanh, C. Loinheuang
PB571); Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL369
[B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Epiphyte in Fagaceae-dominated evergreen montane ridge
crest forest, 976 m a.s.l. August.
Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume
Cnemidia angulosa Lindl.; Cnemidia semilibera Lindl.; Decaisnea
angulosa Lindl.; Govindooia nervosa Wight; Tropidia bellii Blatt. &
McCann; Tropidia calcarata Ames; Tropidia govindooi Blume;
Tropidia semilibera (Lindl.) Blume; Tropidia somai Hayata.
India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Laos: Louang
Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB348,
not in flower).
Terrestrial in humid evergreen forest on a limestone hill,
722 m a.s.l.
Tropidia curculigoides Lindl.
Tropidia assamica Blume; Tropidia formosana Rolfe; Tropidia
graminea Blume; Tropidia hongkongensis Rolfe; Tropidia squamata
Blume.
India, Burma, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo,
lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea, Australia. Laos: Bolikhamxai
(P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Vannachak PB637, not in
flower); Louangphrabang (N); Xaignabouri (N); unspecified: ‘Massie sine no., fide Gagnepain’ (S).
Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest between limestone hills, also in evergreen montane forest.
Tropidia pedunculata Blume
Schoenomorphus capitatus Thorel ex Gagnep.; Tropidia maingayi
Hook. f.
India (NE), Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, lesser Sunda Is., Moluccas, New Guinea. Laos:
Xaignabouri (S).
Vanda brunnea Rchb. f.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai (D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB418).
Thailand, Burma. Laos: Phongsali (NUOL cult. OL500 [B.
Svengsuksa et al.]; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
313
PB297); Oudomxai (sight record [P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay; photo]).
Epiphyte in humid evergreen montane forest on a hilltop,
also on tree trunk at margin of disturbed forest, 1365 m
a.s.l. November, December.
Vanda coerulescens Griff.
India (NE), Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL554 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]);
Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB205;
P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB236).
Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and in secondary
Fagaceae-dominated evergreen montane forest, also on
solitary trees in cultivated land. 9001063 m a.s.l. April.
hilltop, in secondary Fagaceae-dominated evergreen montane forest, and in humid montane evergreen forest, 700
1050 m a.s.l. April.
Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn.
Vanda laotica Guillaumin.
Burma, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos:
Champasak (NUOL cult. OL109 [B. Svengsuksa et al.];
NUOL cult. OL203 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Khammouan
(P. Bonnet, P. Nasoukhoum, A. Schuiteman, V. Vannachak
PB169); Savannakhet (S); Vientiane (NUOL cult. OL1053
[S. Sopraseuth]; S); ‘Bang Nuc and Khemmarath’ (S;
possibly Khammouan).
Vanda concolor Blume
Epiphyte and lithophyte on the summit of a small
limestone hill covered with open xerophytic forest, also in
lowland dipterocarp forest, 170222 m a.s.l. JanuaryApril.
China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan), Vietnam. Laos:
Xiangkhoang (S).
Vanda liouvillei Finet
Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb. f.
Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhoang
(S).
Thailand, Vietnam, Burma, China. Laos: Champasak
(NUOL cult. OL1712); Louangphrabang (photos seen);
Xiangkhoang (S).
January, February, May.
Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitzer
Vanda flabellata (Rolfe ex Downie) Christenson
Aerides flabellata Rolfe ex Downie.
China (Yunnan), Thailand. Laos: Bokeo (N); Bolikhamxai
(S); Louang Namtha (N); Louangphrabang (P. Bonnet
PB178; P. Bonnet PB183); ‘Tafa to Ban Houai’ (S).
Fieldia gigantea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.; Stauropsis chinensis Rolfe;
Stauropsis gigantea (Lindl.) Benth. ex Pfitzer; Vanda gigantea
Lindl.; Vanda lindleyana Griff. ex Lindl.; Vandopsis chinensis
(Rolfe) Schltr.
Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Laos: Phongsali (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB213); Vientiane (S).
Epiphyte on a Ficus tree on a river bank, 737 m a.s.l.
February, April.
Epiphyte on a tree trunk next to the top of a small waterfall,
and on thick-barked tree trunks in deciduous dipterocarp
forest on shallow, rocky, and nutrient-deficient laterite soil.
April, May.
Vandopsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Pfitzer
Note: molecular studies indicate that this species belongs in
the genus Vanda, rather than Aerides (A. Kocyan, pers.
comm.).
Fieldia lissochiloides Gaudich.; Grammatophyllum pantherinum
Zipp. ex Blume; Stauropsis batemanii (Lindl.) Nicholson; Stauropsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Pfitzer; Vanda batemanii Lindl.;
Vanda lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Lindl.
Vanda flavobrunnea Rchb. f.
Thailand, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (NUOL cult. OL1105 [D. Barthélémy,
P. Bonnet, K. Chanthavongsa]; S); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL189 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]).
Vanda pumila Hook. f.
India, Nepal, Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam.
Laos: Louang Namtha (P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V.
Lamxay PB371; P. Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay
PB386; P. Bonnet, V. Lamxay PB322); Phongsali (P.
Bonnet, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB244; P. Bonnet, A.
Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB280); Xiangkhoang (S).
Lithophyte on the flat top of big rocks in dense secondary
semi-deciduous forest about 30 m from a river, 307 m a.s.l.
AprilJune.
Vanilla annamica Gagnep.
Epiphyte on trees along a small river, in humid evergreen
forest on a limestone hill, in mixed deciduous forest on a
314
Vietnam. Laos: Louangphrabang (S).
Vanilla aphylla Blume
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Laos: Bolikhamxai (photos seen); Champasak (NUOL
cult. OL276 [B. Svengsuksa et al.]); Savannakhet (NUOL
cult. OL1029 [V. Lamxay et al.]); Vientiane (sight record;
S).
Terrestrial climber covering a tree trunk in secondary
evergreen forest, 170300 m a.s.l. JulyNovember.
Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook. f.
Adenostylis arisanensis (Hayata) Hayata; Hetaeria affinis Lindl.;
Hetaeria mollis Lindl.; Zeuxine arisanensis Hayata; Zeuxine
aurantiaca Schltr.; Zeuxine sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie.
India (NE), Bhutan, Burma, China, Thailand, Peninsular
Malaysia, ?Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai (P. Bonnet
PB650); Khammouan (NUOL cult. OL884 [M. Newman
et al.]; N); Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in secondary evergreen forest close to a small
stream, also in damp grassland. November, December.
Zeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) Ridl. ex K. Schum. & Fedde
Adenostylis benguetensis Ames; Hetaeria parvifolia Ridl.; Zeuxine
benguetensis (Ames) Ames; Zeuxine boninensis Tuyama; Zeuxine
leucochila Schltr.; Zeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) Seidenf.; Zeuxine
sakagutii Tuyama; Zeuxine tenuifolia Tuyama; Zeuxine tonkinensis
Gagnep.
Burma, Taiwan, Ryukyu Arch., Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines. Laos: Vientiane (S).
Terrestrial in bamboo forest in the lowlands. October,
November.
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr.
Adenostylis emarginata Blume; Adenostylis integerrima Blume;
Adenostylis strateumatica (L.) Ames; Adenostylis sulcata (Roxb.)
Hayata; Neottia strateumatica (L.) R. Br.; Orchis strateumatica L.;
Pterygodium sulcatum Roxb.; Spiranthes strateumatica (L.) Lindl.;
Strateuma zeylanica Raf.; Tripleura pallida Lindl.; Zeuxine bonii
Gagnep.; Zeuxine bracteata Wight; Zeuxine brevifolia Wight;
Zeuxine emarginata (Blume) Lindl.; Zeuxine evrardii Gagnep.;
Zeuxine godefroyi Rchb. f.; Zeuxine integerrima (Blume) Lindl.;
Zeuxine procumbens Blume; Zeuxine robusta Wight; Zeuxine
rupicola Fukuy.; Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. f. rupicola
(Fukuy.) T. Hashim.; Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. var.
rupicola (Fukuy.) S. S. Ying; Zeuxine sulcata (Roxb.) Lindl. ex
Wight; Zeuxine tripleura (Lindl.) Lindl.; Zeuxine wariana Schltr.
Tropical continental Asia, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. Naturalised in Florida. Laos: Vientiane (S); ‘Bang
Muc’ (S); ‘Capra, Sambor’ (Harmand) (S).
In rice fields in the lowlands. November.
List of synonyms and questionable records in
Newman et al. (2007)
The following list contains taxa enumerated by Newman
et al. (2007) that are reported under different names in our
checklist, as well as a number of entries that in our opinion are
either based on misidentifications (M) or require validation
(V). It should be noted that for most of the species marked
with ‘V’ the occurrence in Laos is to be expected.
Acampe carinata A. papillosa
Anoectochilus annamensis (V)
A. praemorsa sensu Newman
A. lylei (M)
et al. A. papillosa
A. setaceus sensu Newman et al. A.
Aerides flabellatumVanda flabellata
roxburghii
A. siamensis (V)
C. huettneriana ?C. viscosa
Aphyllorchis annamensis (V)
C. lactea C. flaccida
A. caudata (V)
C. prolifera (M)
Apostasia nuda (V)
Cymbidium cyperifolium (V)
Armodorum siamense (V)
C. nanulum (V)
Ascocentropsis pusilla
Dendrobium acinaciforme auct. non Roxb.
Ascolabium pusilla
D. spatella
Ascocentrum curvifolium (V)
D. albosanguineum (M)
Bulbophyllum amplifoliun (V)
D. anceps (V)
B. bittnerianum (M)
D. binoculare (V)
B. crassipes (M)
D. cathcartii (V)
B. densiflorum (M)
D. intricatum (V)
B. fascinator (M)
D. kentrophyllum (M)
B. insulsum B. levinei
D. linguella (V)
B. longerepens (V)
D. ochreatum (M)
B. longibracteatum B. macrocoleum
D. palbebrae D. farmeri
B. reclusum (V)
D. parcifolium (sphalm.) D. parciflorum
B. skeatianum B. retusiusculum
D. primulinum D. polyanthum
B. stenophyllum (M)
D. revolutum (M)
B. suavissimum (V)
D. trinervium (V)
B. vaginatum (V)
D. virgineum auct. non Rchb. f. D.
B. wallichii (M)
schildhaueri
Calanthe pulchra (V)
D. wattii (V)
Cleisostoma recurvum (ined.)
Eria porteri E. hindei
C. rostratum
E. spicata (V)
Coelogyne fuscescens (V)
Eulophia flava (V)
Flickingeria fimbriata (V)
Oberonia myosurus (V)
F. macraei (M)
O. rufilabris (V)
Gastrochilus calceolaris (V)
Otochilus porrectus (M)
G. dasypogon (V)
O. pseudoporrectus (V)
Geodorum densiflorum (V)
Panisea demissa (V)
G. recurvum (V)
Paphiopedilum bellatulum (V)
Glomera erythrosma (V)
Peristylus constrictus (V)
Habenaria amplexicaulis (V)
P. densus (V)
H. digitata (V)
Phaius indigoferus auct. non Hassk. P.
H. hosseussi (V)
indochinensis
H. medioflexa (V)
Phalaenopsis buyssoniana (V)
H. reniformis (V)
P. taenialis (V)
H. roseata H. rostellifera
Pholidota guibertiae (M)
H. trichosantha (V)
Pleione maculata (V)
Hetaeria affinis (V)
P. praecox (V)
H. anomala (V)
Podochilus microphyllus (M)
Liparis acutissima (V)
Staurochilus dawsonianus Trichoglottis
L. averyanoviana (V)
dawsoniana
L. chapaensis (V)
Thrixspermum hystrix (M)
L. odorata L. nervosa
T. merguense (V)
L. siamensis L. nervosa
Trias rosea (M)
Luisia grovesii L. filiformis
Trichoglottis cirrhifera T. orchidea
Mischobulbum longiscapum (V)
Vanda pumila V. flavobrunnea
Nervilia maculata (V)
Zeuxine tonkinensis Z. parvifolia
315
Acknowledgements The ORCHIS project was financed by grant
LA/Asia Invest II/03 (114285) under the AsiaInvest programme
of the European Union. This project was directed by project
manager Dr D. Barthélémy, CIRAD, in collaboration with
Mr A. Schuiteman from the National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Mr P. Bonnet, CIRAD, and staff of the Faculty of Sciences
of the National University of Laos: Dr B. Svengsuksa,
Mr V. Lamxay, Mr S. Lanorsavanh, Mr C. Loinheuang,
Mr P. Nasoukhoum, Ms V. Vannachak, Mr K. Chanthavong,
Mr T. Keokene. Research in the Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA was
conducted with the assistance of Dr P. Kessler and
Mr K. Nanthavong during the Biotik project. We thank
Dr Phasy, dean of the Faculty of Sciences, Mr Phanthavong
from the CITES Management Authority of Laos, as well as
Mr Lovera and Mr Laville from Vientiane Orchidées for their
support. Mr S. Luang Aphay shared his knowledge of Lao
Paphiopedilum species and organised a field trip for one of the
authors (AS). Dr J. J. Vermeulen kindly assisted with the
identification of Bulbophyllum species.
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