J. Jpn. Bot. 90: 249–259 (2015) Cytological Studies on Cyperaceae in the Nepal Himalaya III. Chromosome Counts of 18 Species Collected from Api Himal and Adjacent Areas, Far Western Nepal Okihito Yanoa,*, Hiroshi Ikedab, Colin Alistair PendrYc and Keshab Raj rajbhandarId a Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1, Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005 JAPAN; b The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 JAPAN; c Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK; d G.P.O. Box 9446, Kathmandu, NEPAL *Corresponding author: oki.yano@gmail.com (Accepted on February 28, 2015) Chromosome numbers are presented for 18 species from seven genera of Cyperaceae collected from Api Himal and adjacent areas in Far Western Nepal. The chromosome numbers for Carex cruenta Nees (2n = 44), C. kumaonensis Kük. (2n = 50), C. obscura Nees (2n = 56), C. stracheyi Boott ex C. B. Clarke (2n = 44), Kobresia esbirajbhandarii Rajbh. & H. Ohba (2n = 62), and Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens (T. Koyama) Hayasaka (2n = 42) are reported for the irst time. Our inding of 2n = 46 for Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link and 2n = 62 for Carex foliosa D. Don differ from previous reports. The chromosome numbers of Carex ilicina Nees (2n = 46), C. inanis Kunth (2n = 42), C. longipes D. Don (2n = 46), C. microglochin Wahlenb. (2n = 50), C. myosurus Nees (2n = 44), C. rufulistolon T. Koyama (2n = 46), Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. (2n = 42), Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link (2n = 10), F. falcata (Vahl) Kunth (2n = 22), and Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. (2n = 28 = 14II) agree with earlier studies. Key words: Aneuploidy, chromosome number, Cyperaceae, Himalaya, Nepal. Cytological studies have proven to be useful for understanding the diversiication of various Himalayan plant taxa (Wakabayashi and Ohba 1988, Akiyama et al. 1992, Ikeda and Ohba 1999). Chromosome numbers of Cyperaceae in the Nepal Himalaya have been also reported by Dietrich (1972), Hoshino et al. (2000) and Yano et al. (2010a, 2010b, 2011). They reported the chromosome numbers for 28 taxa in nine genera. However, in order to understand the evolution and diversification of Cyperaceae in Nepal, additional cytological studies are needed. In 2012, a Japan-UK-Nepal botanical collecting team visited Api Himal and adjacent areas in Darchula District, Far Western Nepal, and collected materials of Cyperaceae for cytological examination. This is the third report of a series of papers on cytological characteristics of Cyperaceae in the Nepal Himalaya, with the previous studies having reported chromosome numbers in material collected from Manaslu Himal (Yano et al. 2010b) and Bajhang District —249— 250 植物研究雑誌 第 90 巻 第4号 2015 年 8 月 Table 1. Species, localities, voucher specimens and chromosome numbers of 18 species of Cyperaceae collected from Far Western Nepal Species, locality and voucher specimen Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link Dhaulo Odar to Joge Tal, 3399 m (Ikeda & al. 1215040) Carex cruenta Nees Joge Tal, 4030 m (Ikeda & al. 1215052) C. ilicina Nees Lithi to Khayekot, 2200 m (Ikeda & al. 1215022) C. foliosa D. Don Lithi to Khayekot, 2200 m (Ikeda & al. 1215019) C. inanis Kunth Khayekot to Simar Kharka, 2060 m (Ikeda & al. 1215024) C. kumaonensis Kük. Simar Kharka to Khayekot, 2480 m (Ikeda & al. 1215062) C. longipes D. Don Khayekot to Simar Kharka, 2060 m (Ikeda & al. 1215026) C. microglochin Wahlenb. Simar Kharka to Dhaulo Odar, 3399 m (Ikeda & al. 1215038) Joge Tal, 4100 m (Ikeda & al. 1215050) C. myosurus Nees Khayekot to Lithi, 2200 m (Ikeda & al. 1215064) C. obscura Nees Simar Kharka to Dhaulo Odar, 3150 m (Ikeda & al. 1215037) C. rufulistolon T. Koyama Simar Kharka to Dhaulo Odar, 3010 m (Ikeda & al. 1215033) C. stracheyi Boott ex C. B. Clarke Simar Kharka to Dhaulo Odar, 2930 m (Ikeda & al. 1215029) Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. Joge Tal to Simar Kharka, 3399 m (Ikeda & al. 1215059) Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link Lithi to Khayekot, 2200 m (Ikeda & al. 1215021) F. falcata (Vahl) Kunth Bitale to Pari Bagar, 920 m (Ikeda & al. 1215011) Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Joge Tal to Simar Kharka, 3399 m (Ikeda & al. 1215060) Kobresia esbirajbhandarii Rajbh. & H. Ohba Joge Tal, 4100 m (Ikeda & al. 1215049) Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens (T. Koyama) Hayasaka Okhal to Bitale, 1100 m (Ikeda & al. 1215066) Chromosome Previous report (2n) number (2n) 46 40 (Yano et al. 2010b) 44 (Håkansson 1928, Tischler 1934, Rohweder 1937, Mehra and Sachdeva 1975b, Pogan and Izmailow 1983, Stoeva 1992a) 79 (Stoeva 1992b) 44 46 42 (Mehra and Sachdeva 1971, 1975b) 44 (Nijalingappa and Leela 1990) 46 (Yano et al. 2010b) 48 (Sachdeva 1977, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979) 62 58 (Mehra and Sachdeva 1971, 1975b) 42 42 (Yano et al. 2010b) 50 46 42 (Sachdeva 1977, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979) 44 (Nijalingappa and Leela 1990, Hoshino et al. 2000) 46 (Yano et al. 2010a) 50 50 48 (Dietrich 1972, Yurtsev and Zhukova 1982) 50 (Löve and Löve 1981) 58 (Löve and Löve 1956, Moore and Chater 1971, Moore 1981) 44 44 (Hoshino et al. 2000) 56 46 46 (Yano et al. 2010b) 44 42 42–50 (Bureš 1998) 10 10 (Kral 1971, Nijalingappa 1972, 1975, Rath and Patnak 1974) 16 (Tanaka 1939, Yano and Hoshino 2006) 20 (Rath and Patnaik 1978, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979) 22 22 (Sharma and Sarkar 1967–1968, Sanyal and Sharma 1972, Mehra and Sachdeva 1975a, 1976, Bir et al. 1986, 1988, 1992, Paramjeet et al. 1992) 44 (Nijalingappa 1975, 1977) 28 = 14II 62 42 26 (Davies 1956) 28 (Mičieta 1986, Hoshino et al. 2000) 32 (Yano et al. 2010b) August 2015 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 90 No. 4 (Yano et al. 2010a). Materials and Methods Chromosome counts were made for 18 species of seven genera in Cyperaceae (Table 1). The methods for somatic chromosome observation followed Yano et al. (2010b), with meiotic chromosomes examined in pollen mother cells. Anthers were fixed with Newcomer’s fluid (see Sharma and Sharma 1980) in the field. In the laboratory the fixed anthers were stained with 1% aceto-orcein and gently squashed before being examined under the microscope. Voucher specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the University of Tokyo (TI), with duplicates available in the National Herbarium of Nepal (KATH), the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E) and the Herbarium of the Okayama University of Science (OKAY). Results and Discussion Chromosome numbers determined in this study are shown in Table 1. None of the species had a primary constriction in their chromosomes. 1. Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link (2n = 46, Fig. 1A) Blysmus compressus is widely distributed in Europe and Asia (Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, N India, and SW China) (Koyama 1978). Although the chromosome number of European B. compressus has previously been reported as 2n = 44 (Håkansson 1928, Tischler 1934, Rohweder 1937, Pogan and Izmailow 1983, Stoeva 1992a) and 79 (Stoeva 1992b), that of Himalayan B. compressus has previously been reported as 2n = 40 (Yano et al. 2010b; Manaslu Himalaya, Central Nepal) and 2n = 44 (Mehra and Sachdeva 1975b; Kashimir Himalaya, India, as Scirpus compressus (L.) Pers.). In the present study, a new number, 2n = 46, was observed. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.1 µm in length. Our present result also supported the observation that B. compressus 251 consists of a series of aneuploids (Yano et al. 2010b), a fairly common phenomenon in Cyperaceae species which possess diffuse centromeric chromosomes. 2. Carex cruenta Nees (2n = 44, Fig. 1B) Carex cruenta is distributed in the Himalaya (Kashmir to Sikkim) and Tibet (Koyama 1978). Carex cruenta had the chromosome number of 2n = 44, and this is the first chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.4 µm in length. This species has often been included within the C. atrofusca complex (Noltie 1994), and the chromosome number for C. atrofusca s.l. has variously been reported as 2n = 36, 38, 40, ca. 42, 48 or 56 (Heilborn 1924, Jørgensen et al. 1958, Löve and Löve 1965, Dietrich 1967, 1972, Hedberg 1967, Hoshino et al. 1993, Yano et al. 2010b). These results indicate that this complex consists of a series of aneuploids. However, the relationships between chromosome numbers and taxonomic treatments of the C. atrofusca complex are still unresolved. Further, large scale studies with material from the whole distribution range of this species complex are needed to fully understand the relationships between chromosome numbers and their taxonomic treatments. 3. Carex ilicina Nees (2n = 46, Fig. 1C) Carex ilicina is distributed in the Himalaya, Eastern India, east to China and Taiwan, and south to Malaysia (Koyama 1978). Chromosome numbers of C. filicina have previously been reported as 2n = 42, 44, 46, 48 (Mehra and Sachdeva 1971, 1975b, 1979, Sachdeva 1977, Nijalingappa and Leela 1990, Yano et al. 2010b) (Table 1). The chromosome number, 2n = 46, in this study, was congruent with one of the numbers in the aneuploid series reported by Yano et al. (2010b) from Manaslu Himalaya. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.4 µm in length. 252 植物研究雑誌 4. Carex foliosa D. Don (2n = 62, Fig. 1D) Carex foliosa is distributed in Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan (Koyama 1978, Kukkonen 1987, Noltie 1994). In the present study we observed 62 somatic chromosomes, and they were less than 1.1 µm in length. This is a new chromosome number for C. foliosa as it has previously been reported as 2n = 58 by Mehra and Sachdeva (1971, 1975b: as C. muricata L. var. foliosa (D. Don) C. B. Clarke) from the Nainital, Kumaon in India, western Himalaya (Table 1). It seems that C. foliosa may also consist of a series of aneuploids. 5. Carex inanis Kunth (2n = 42, Fig. 1E) Carex inanis is distributed from the highlands of Central Asia, and Kashmir to the Sikkim Himalayas (Koyama 1978). The chromosome number of C. inanis from Api Himal and adjacent areas was 2n = 42, confirming our previous report from the Manaslu Himalaya (Yano et al. 2010b). Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.4 µm in length. 6. Carex kumaonensis Kük. (2n = 50, Fig. 1F) Carex kumaonensis is distributed in the Himalaya (Kumaon to Nepal) and China (Koyama 1978). Carex kumaonensis had the chromosome number of 2n = 50, and this is the irst chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.5 µm in length. Kükenthal (1909) assigned C. kumaonensis to subsect. Decorae Kük. together with C. stracheyi Boott ex C. B. Clarke (for further discussion, see 12. C. stracheyi). 7. Carex longipes D. Don (2n = 46, Fig. 1G) Carex longipes is distributed in the Himalayas (Kashmir to Bhutan), Nilgiri Mts., Indo-China, and Central China (Koyama 1978). The chromosome number of C. longipes has previously been reported as 2n = 42, 44, 46 (Sachdeva 1977, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979, Nijalingappa and Leela 1990, Hoshino et 第 90 巻 第4号 2015 年 8 月 al. 2000, Yano et al. 2010a) (Table 1). In the present study the chromosome number, 2n = 46, corresponds to one of the numbers in the aneuploid series reported by Yano et al. (2010a) from Bajhang district, Far Western Nepal. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.2 µm in length. 8. Carex microglochin Wahlenb. (2n = 50, Fig. 1H) Carex microglochin is distributed in Kashmir, Nepal and arctic-alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere (Koyama 1978). The chromosome number of C. microglochin from Api Himal was 2n = 50, conirming the previous report from Canada (Löve and Löve 1981). Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.2 µm in length. Chromosome numbers for C. microglochin have been reported as 2n = 48 (Dietrich 1972, Yurtsev and Zhukova 1982), 2n = 50 (present study, Löve and Löve 1981) and 2n = 58 (Löve and Löve 1956, Moore and Chater 1971, Moore 1981) (Table 1). It seems that C. microglochin may also consist of a series of aneuploids. 9. Carex myosurus Nees (2n = 44, Fig. 1I) Carex myosurus is distributed in the Himalaya and India (Koyama 1978). The chromosome number of C. myosurus from Api Himal was 2n = 44, conirming a previous report from the Langtang Himal, Central Nepal (Hoshino et al. 2000). Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.3 µm in length. 10. Carex obscura Nees (2n = 56, Fig. 2A) Carex obscura is distributed in the Himalaya (Kashmir to Sikkim) and Tibet (Koyama 1978). Carex obscura was found to have the chromosome number 2n = 56, and this is the first chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.0 µm in length. Carex obscura belongs to sect. Atratae Kunth and is closely related to C. augustinowiczii Meinsh, C. hallii August 2015 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 90 No. 4 253 Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of somatic metaphase chromosomes of Cyperaceae from Far Western Nepal. A. Blysmus compressus (2n = 46). B. Carex cruenta (2n = 44). C. C. ilicina (2n = 46). D. C. foliosa (2n = 62). E. C. inanis (2n = 42). F. C. kumaonensis (2n = 50). G. C. longipes (2n = 46). H. C. microglochin (2n = 50). I. C. myosurus (2n = 44). Bar = 5 µm. Olney, C. parryana Dewey, C. soyaeensis Kük., or C. alpina Swartz complex (Kükenthal 1909). Among these species chromosome numbers have been reported as 2n = 54, 56, and 66 for C. augustinowiczii (Okuno 1939, 1940, Tanaka 1948), 2n = 54 for C. hallii and C. parryana (Löve and Löve 1981), and 2n = 52, 54, 56, 60, 66 for the Carex alpina complex (see Yano et al. 2010a). In Carex, closely related species within the same section possess similar number of chromosomes (Heilborn 1924, Yano et al. 2008, 2010b). Our present cytological results also support a close relationship among C. obscura, C. augustinowiczii, C. hallii, C. parryana, or C. alpina complex within sect. Atratae. 11. Carex rufulistolon T. Koyama (2n = 46, Fig. 2B) Carex rufulistolon is endemic to the alpine regions of Nepal (Koyama 1978, Katsuyama 2008). The chromosome number of C. rufulistolon from Api Himal was 2n = 46, 254 植物研究雑誌 confirming our previous report from Manaslu Himal (Yano et al. 2010b). Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.2 µm in length. 12. Carex stracheyi Boott ex C. B. Clarke (2n = 44, Fig. 2C) Carex stracheyi is distributed in the Himalaya (Kumaon and Nepal) (Koyama 1978). Carex stracheyi had the chromosome number of 2n = 44, and this is the irst chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.4 µm in length. Although Kükenthal (1909) recognized 18 species in subsect. Decorae, the chromosome number had been previously reported for only one species, C. insignis Boott, with 2n = 48 (Sachdeva 1977, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979). This study has provided chromosome numbers for two species in subsect. Decorae, and we now have chromosome numbers for three species in the subsection C. stracheyi (2n = 44), C. insignis (2n = 48) and C. kumaonensis (2n = 50). Our cytological results also support the close relationship among C. stracheyi, C. insignis, and C. kumaonensis because of their similar chromosome numbers. Further cytological studies are needed for other species in subsect. Decorae, to understand the relationships among members of the subsection. 13. Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. (2n = 42, Fig. 2D) Eleocharis uniglumis is widely distributed in Europe, Asia (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan), Russia, North America, and North West Africa (Kukkonen 1998, Smith et al. 2002, Dai and Strong 2010), and was recently recorded from Nepal by Yano et al. (2014). Eleocharis uniglumis had the chromosome number 2n = 42, and the somatic metaphase chromosomes showed a bimodal karyotype with 8 large (L) and 34 small (S) chromosomes. L-chromosomes ranged from 4.4 to 5.8 µm in length while S-chromosomes 第 90 巻 第4号 2015 年 8 月 ranged from 2.2 to 3.6 µm. Eleocharis uniglumis belongs to subser. Eleocharis (González-Elizondo and Peterson 1997). Several taxa of subser. Eleocharis have a bimodal karyotype, e.g. 2n = 16 = 4L + 12S for E. palustris (L.) Roem & Schult. (Yano et al 2010a). Yano and Hoshino (2006b) reported 2n = 42 = 8L + 34S for E. kamtschatica (C. A. Mey.) Kom. and 8L chromosomes caused by the duplication of 4L chromosomes of taxa with 2n = 16. In the present study the chromosome number, 2n = 42 = 8L + 34S for E. uniglumis might have arisen by a similar process. Although chromosome numbers of 2n = 42– 50 have been reported for E. uniglumis, the most frequent and stable chromosome number was 2n = 46 (Bureš 1998). Strandhede (1966) reported chromosome numbers of 2n = (41–)42(–43) for the interspecific hybrid between E. uniglumis subsp. uniglumis and E. palustris subsp. vulgaris Walters from Europe. However, it is not known whether the chromosome number of 2n = 42 for E. uniglumis in Nepal has arisen as a result of hybridization, because we did not find E. palustris or other species growing sympatrically in the field. Further studies are needed to understand the cytological diversiication for this species group in Nepal. 14. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link (2n = 10, Fig. 2E) Fimbristylis complanata is widely distributed in pantropical areas, extending northwards to South China and temperate Japan (Koyama 1978). The chromosome number of F. complanata has previously been reported as 2n = 10 (Kral 1971, Nijalingappa 1972, 1975, Rath and Patnaik 1974), 2n = 16 (Tanaka 1939 as F. complanata var. kraussiana C. B. Clarke, Yano and Hoshino 2006a), and 2n = 20 (Sachdeva 1977, Rath and Patnaik 1978, Mehra and Sachdeva 1979) (Table 1). In the present study the chromosome number, 2n = 10, conirms the previous reports by Kral (1971) from Mexico, and Nijalingappa (1972, 1975), Rath and August 2015 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 90 No. 4 255 Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of somatic metaphase chromosomes (A–H) and meiotic metaphase chromosomes (I) of Cyperaceae from Far Western Nepal. A. Carex obscura (2n = 56). B. C. rufulistolon (2n = 46). C. C. stracheyi (2n = 44). D. Eleocharis uniglumis (2n = 42). E. Fimbristylis complanata (2n = 10). F. F. falcata (2n = 22). G. Kobresia esbirajbhandarii (2n = 62). H. Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens (2n = 42). I. Isolepis setacea (2n = 28 = 14II). Allows indicate eight large chromosomes. Bar = 5 µm. Patnaik (1974) from India. Somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 µm in length. Koyama (1959) recognized two forms in F. complanata in Asia: (1) f. complanata from India to Taiwan and Malaysia, through IndoChina, and (2) f. exalata T. Koyama (including var. kraussiana) from Japan and China. This and previous studies suggest that there may be cytological differences between these two forms. Chromosome numbers of F. complanata var. complanata f. complanata from India and Nepal are 2n = 10 and 20, while f. exalata from Japan has 2n = 16. 15. Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth (2n = 22, Fig. 2F) Fimbristylis falcata is distributed in Bhutan, Ceylon, India, and Nepal (Koyama 1978, Noltie 1994). The chromosome number of F. 256 植物研究雑誌 falcata had previously been reported as 2n = 22 (Sharma and Sarkar 1967–1968, Sanyal and Sharma 1972, Mehra and Sachdeva 1975a, 1976: as F. junciformis Kunth, Bir et al. 1986, 1988, 1992, Paramjeet et al. 1992) and 2n = 44 (Nijalingappa 1975, 1977) from India. The chromosome number of F. falcata from Api Himal was 2n = 22, confirming the diploid number of the previous reports. Somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 µm in length. 16. Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. (2n = 28 = 14II, Fig. 2I) Isolepis setacea is widely distributed in the Himalayas, Asia, Europe, and Africa (Katsuyama 2008). Chromosome number of I. setacea has previously been reported as 2n = 26, 28, 32 (Davies 1956, Mičieta 1986, Hoshino et al. 2000, Yano et al. 2010b) (Table 1). In the present study the chromosome number, 2n = 28 = 14II, corresponds to one of the numbers in the aneuploid series reported by Mičieta (1986) from Slovakia and Hoshino et al. (2000) from Langtang Himal, Central Nepal. Isolepis setacea had 14 normal bivalents pairing in meiotic division. The meiotic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 0.8 to 2.1 µm in length. 17. Kobresia esbirajbhandarii Rajbh. & H. Ohba (2n = 62, Fig. 2G) Kobresia esbirajbhandarii is endemic to the alpine regions in Nepal (Rajbhandari and Ohba 1991). Kobresia esbirajbhandarii was found to have the chromosome number of 2n = 62, and this is the irst chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 0.9 μm in length. Starr and Ford (2009) reported the monophyly of unispicate Kobresia species in the tribe Cariceae, based on DNA sequence data. Yano et al. (2011) reported that the unispicate Kobresia species showed a polyploid series, 2n = 32, ca. 36, 52–56, 58, 60–66, ca. 84, ca. 114, and ca. 122, as well as some aneuploids. The chromosome 第 90 巻 第4号 2015 年 8 月 number of 2n = 62 for K. esbirajbhandarii which has a unispicate inlorescence its within the polyploid series. 18. Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens (T. Koyama) Hayasaka (2n = 42, Fig. 2H) Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens is distributed in Bhutan, China, and Nepal (Koyama 1969, 1978, Noltie 1994: as Schoenoplectus fuscorubens (T. Koyama) T. Koyama). Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens was found to have the chromosome number of 2n = 42, and this is the first chromosome count to be determined for this species. Somatic metaphase chromosomes were less than 1.5 µm in length. Koyama (1969, 2008) noted that this species resembled to S. juncoides (Roxb.) Lye or S. kandawlayensis (T. Koyama) Hayasaka. Yano et al. (2010b) reported the chromosome number for S. juncoides from Nepal to be 2n = 74, which is quite different from that of S. fuscorubens in this study. Further studies are needed to understand the phylogenetic relationships among these species, using not only cytological but also by the molecular analyses. The authors thank Dr. Annapurna Das and Dr. Sushim R. Baral, Department of Plant Resources, Nepal, for their help in conducting ield research in Nepal. We thank the members of the field trip in Far Western Nepal in 2012 for their help for collecting plant materials. This study was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23255005 (to H.I.) and 25840136 (to O.Y.). References Akiyama S., Wakabayashi M. and Ohba H. 1992. Chromosome evolution in Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109: 247–257. Bir S. S., Cheema P. and Sidhu M. 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Rajbhandarid: ネパールヒマラヤ産カヤツリグサ科植物の細胞学的研究 III. アピ・ヒマラヤ周辺地域（ネパール極西部）より採 集した 18 種の染色体数 ネパール極西部のアピ・ヒマラヤ周辺地域より採集 したカヤツリグサ科植物 7 属 18 種について染色体数を 報告した．Carex cruenta Nees (2n = 44), C. kumaonensis Kük. (2n = 50), C. obscura Nees (2n = 56), C. stracheyi Boott ex C. B. Clarke (2n = 44), Kobresia esbirajbhandarii Rajbh. & H. Ohba (2n = 62), Schoenoplectiella fuscorubens (T. Koyama) Hayasaka (2n = 42) の染色体数 は今回が初めての報告である．Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link (2n = 46) と C. foliosa D. Don (2n = 62) は，これまでの報告と異なった染色体数が算定された． Carex ilicina Nees (2n = 46), C. inanis Kunth (2n = 42), C. longipes D. Don (2n = 46), C. microglochin Wahlenb. (2n = 50), C. myosurus Nees (2n = 44), C. rufulistolon T. Koyama (2n = 46), Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. (2n = 42 = 8L + 34S), Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link (2n = 10), F. falcata (Vahl) Kunth (2n = 22), Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. (2n = 28 = 14II) については，これま での報告と一致した． （a 岡山理科大学生物地球学部， 東京大学総合研究博物館， イギリス・エディンバラ王立植物園， d ネパール・カトマンズ G.P.O. Box 9446） b c