NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY Research A contribution towards resolving the nomenclature of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae). II. Remarks on implicit typifications and lectotypification of names linked to Mesoamerican taxa Nataly O’Leary and Pablo Moroni N. O’Leary (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-3416) ✉ (noleary@darwin.edu.ar)and P. Moroni, Inst. de Botánica Darwinion (ANCEFN-CONICET), Labardén 200, CC 22, B1642HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nordic Journal of Botany 2019: e02591 doi: 10.1111/njb.02591 Subject Editor: Alexander Sennikov Editor-in-Chief: Torbjörn Tyler Accepted 29 October 2019 Published 19 December 2019 During ongoing taxonomic studies in Citharexylum (Verbenaceae), sixteen names were found in need of typification or typification remarks. As a result, six names (C. brachyanthum, C. danirae, C. flabellifolium, C. lucidum, C. rugendasii and C. tristachyum f. urbanii) are here lectotypified. Furthermore, remarks on implicit typifications by Harold Moldenke for another ten names (C. altamiranum, C. berlandieri, C. hexangulare, C. macradenium, C. ovatifolium, C. pauciflorum, C. pterocladum, C. recurvatum, C. schulzii and C. stenophyllum) are provided. Keywords: Central America, Citharexylum, Mesoamerica, Mexico, typification Introduction Citharexylum L. is a New World genus of trees and shrubs distributed from southern North America through Central America and the Caribbean to Argentina and Uruguay (Atkins 2004). The genus is represented by 27 species in South America (O’Leary and Frost unpubl.) and ca 35 in the rest of the continent, totaling about 60 species. Following previous work on typification of South American Citharexylum names (O’Leary and Moroni 2018) we here present resolutions to nomenclatural problems linked to the Central American and Mexican taxa. As a result, six lectotypifications are here presented along with ten remarks about implicit typifications in Moldenke’s treatments of the genus (Moldenke 1958a, b, c, 1959a, b, c, 1975). Material and methods All the potential sources of original material were studied, including the protologues, herbaria and relevant literature regarding the names concerned. Type specimens from A, AC, BM, BR, CAS, CM, CORD, E, ENCB, F, FR, G, GH, GOET, HAL, HBG, ISC, K, KFTA, M, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, MU, NDG, NY, P, PH, PUL, S, UC, US, VT, W and YU (acronyms according to Thiers 2019) were studied from digital images retrieved from the JSTOR Global Plants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– © 2019 Nordic Society Oikos. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd www.nordicjbotany.org 1 database (< www.jstor.org >, accessed 2019), from online access to herbaria K (< www.kew.org/science/collections/ Herbarium >), NY (< http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/ hcol/vasc/index.asp >) and P (< https://science.mnhn.fr/ institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/search/form >), or through digital images or information obtained by personal communication with the herbaria curators at HCIB and RSA. When it was considered necessary, provenance statements mentioned in protologues were provided. Citharexylum flabellifolium S. Watson (1889, p. 67) Lectotype (designated here): Mexico, Sonora. Guaymas, ‘mountain ravines’, 1887, E. Palmer 237 (GH 93922!; isolectotypes BM 992738!, K 487043!, NY 104043!, NY 104044!, US 118976!, US 1014295!, YU 1916!). Protologue citation Mountain ravines about Guaymas (237). Notes Results A. Citharexylum names needing typification Citharexylum brachyanthum (A. Gray ex Hemsl.) A. Gray (1886, p. 458) Based on the same type: Lycium brachyanthum A. Gray ex Hemsley (1882, p. 426) Lectotype (designated here): Mexico, Coahuila. Soledad 25 miles SW from Monclova, Feb 1880, E. Palmer 868 (K 1090221!, isolectotypes CORD 18664!, GH 93914!, MICH 1109848!, YU 65298!). Notes In the protologue Hemsley (1882) mentioned three different collections by Edward Palmer (syntypes), all from Mexico, and he indicated they were housed at K. Later, Moldenke (1958a: 297) mentioned three syntypes (Palmer 866, 868 and 963) but he stated they were housed at GH. We found all three syntypes at K, and a lectotype is here selected among them [Arts. 9.3, 9.6 and 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018)]. The selected material is in agreement with the diagnosis given in the protologue and is represented by duplicates in several herbaria. Citharexylum danirae León De la Luz & F. Chiang (2004, p. 548) Lectotype (designated here): Illustration in León De la Luz and Chiang (2004, p. 549, Fig. 1). Notes The holotype was collected in 1990 by the first author of the species in Mexico, Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, north side of slopes of Evermann volcano, alt. 805 m, with a number 4518, and was said to be housed at HCIB. However, personal communication with León De la Luz evidenced the material is not lodged at HCIB because the specimen had been sent to RSA for scanning. However, the staff from the latter herbarium has not found this type (personal comm. with herbarium curator). For this reason, assuming that the holotype has been lost and no paratypes exist, the illustration in the protologue is considered original material according to Arts. 9.3, 9.4 and 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018) and is therefore selected as lectotype. 2 Watson (1889) mentioned in the beginning of his monograph that his species were based upon collections made by E. Palmer in Mexico. When describing C. flabelliflolium, Watson cited collection no. 237. Several duplicates of this gathering were found in numerous herbaria. However, Watson worked as assistant at GH in 1874–1888, and later as curator (1888–1892) (Stafleu and Cowan 1988). Moldenke (1958b, p. 348) mentioned two sheets of Palmer 237 housed at GH as ‘cotypes’. To avoid ambiguity, a lectotype is here selected from all the scattered duplicates of Palmer 237. This material is housed at GH, where Watson worked, and bears a label with his handwriting (identified after Burdet 1979). Citharexylum lucidum Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1830, p. 97) Lectotype (designated here): Mexico, Veracruz. ‘In sylvis Jalapensibus’, Aug 1828, C. J. W. Schiede s.n. (HAL-65144!; isolectotype GH 94449!). Protologue ‘In sylvis Jalapensibus. Auh’ – ‘Hacienda de la Laguna. Sept.’ Notes In the protologue of this taxon, the authors cited two collections, one from Jalapa, the other form Hacienda de la Laguna (syntypes). Moldenke (1959a, p. 455) stated the type ‘was collected by Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (no. 128) in woods at Hacienda de la Laguna, Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum at Berlin’. However, no specimen has been found at B. Besides, Moldenke mixed up both syntypes because ‘Jalapa’ and ‘Hacienda de la Laguna’ correspond to two different collections. Two sheets belonging to the collection from Jalapa were located at GH and HAL. Therefore, the specimen with better preserved inflorescences is here selected as lectotype of the name. Citharexylum rugendasii Chamisso (1832, p. 120) Lectotype (designated here): Mexico, [Tabasco?]. Jalapa: Arbor mediocris, floribus albis, May 1829, C. J. W. Schiede 84 (BR 05505982!, isolectotypes HAL 65150!, HAL 107725!, MO 152610!, MO 152609!, NY 137227!). Notes Chamisso described this taxon based on a collection made by Schiede in Mexico. The type material was housed at B but is no longer extant there (photograph B neg. 17599 of the Field Museum’s series). Seven duplicates of the type collection (isotypes) were located at BR, HAL, MO and NY, therefore, the one from BR, with a label with Chamisso’s handwriting (identified after Burdet 1974) is here selected as lectotype of the name. Citharexylum tristachyum f. urbanii (O. E. Schulz) Moldenke (1975, p. 25) Based on the same type: Citharexylum urbanii O. E. Schulz (1908, p. 193) Lectotype (designated here): Jamaica, Green Valley, 600 m, Oct, W. Harris 6724 (NY 111267!, isolectotypes F 74300F!, F 74299F!, NY 111266!). Notes In describing Citharexylum urbanii, Schulz (1908) cited a collection made by Harris as no. 6724 from Jamaica. Moldenke (1959c, p. 64) discussed this name and its original material, and stated that he had seen the type material housed at B before the herbarium was bombed. Duplicates of the original material are kept at F and NY. All duplicates are in agreement with the diagnosis and the locality cited in the protologue, therefore, the specimen from NY is here chosen as lectotype of the name. B. Citharexylum names needing typification remarks Citharexylum altamiranum Greenman (1907a, p. 259) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1958a, p. 285): Mexico, Querétaro. ‘del Ciervo al cerro de la Mesa’, 21 Aug 1905, F. Altamirano 1566 (US 118966!; isolectotype F 74261F!). Notes Greenman (1907a) mentioned three different collections in the protologue (syntypes). Moldenke (1958a, p. 285) clearly referred to the type element by direct citation of the collection Altamirano 1566 lodged at US. Therefore, according to Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018) plus notes in McNeill et al. (2014), Moldenke’s statement is here interpreted as a lectotype designation. Citharexylum berlandieri B. L. Robinson (1891, p. 174) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1958a, p. 292): Mexico, San Luis Potosí. Las Canoas, rocky hills, Jul 1890, C. G. Pringle 3222 (GH 93898!; isolectotypes A 93899!, AC 320502!, BR 5505302!, BR 5505951!, BM 992720!, CAS 2021!, CM 1838!, E 259301!, F 74262F!, G 176396!, G 176397!, GOET 011500!, HBG 513415!, K 487050!, M 111502!, MA 310795!, MEXU 26771!, MEXU 26772!, MICH 1108345!, MO 152407!, MU 20781!, NDG 43433!, NY 104036!, NY 104037!, P 689403!, P 689404!, PH 06175!, PUL 41!, S-G-1417!, US 1013824!, W 18910000904!, W 72244!). Notes Robinson (1891) mentioned in the protologue the location of the type collection: ‘Rocky hills, Las Canoas, San Luis Potosi’, plus a number ‘3222’, but he did not indicate where the type specimen was deposited. Moldenke (1958a, p. 292) explicitly indicated that the type material was housed at GH and since only one specimen is present there, lectotypification was clearly effected (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014). Citharexylum hexangulare Greenman (1907b, pp. 187–188) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1958c, p. 405): Guatemala, Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, alt. 350 m, Sep 1901, H. von Tuerckheim 7765 (GH 093926!, isolectotypes A 94446!, F 44580F!, K 487041!, M 111504!, MICH 1108347!, MO 152535!, NY 104049!, US 118985!, US 1013807!, US 1013802!). Notes Greenman (1907b) mentioned that the type specimen was a collection by H. von Tuerckheim 7765, but he referred to two different duplicates at different herbaria: GH and US. Moldenke (1958c, p. 405) clearly indicated the type material by direct citation of the housing institution (GH), and since only one specimen is present there, lectotypification was clearly effected (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014). Citharexylum macradenium Greenman (1907b, pp. 188–189) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959a, p. 459): Costa Rica, San José. La Palma, alt. 1460 m, Aug 1898, A. Tonduz 7407 (GH 94450!; isolectotypes BM 0992726!, F 74278F!, G 176424!, M 111507!, NY 137211!, NY 137210!). Notes Greenman (1907b) mentioned more than one collection (syntypes) in the protologue. Moldenke (1959a, p. 459) explicitly stated the type collection as Tonduz 7407 housed at GH. Thus, according to Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018) plus notes in McNeill et al. (2014), Moldenke’s statement is here interpreted as a lectotype designation. Citharexylum ovatifolium Greenman (1897, p. 301) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959a, p. 490): Mexico, [Morelos]. In a wet wooded barranca above Cuernavaca, alt. 2000 m, Aug–Sep 1896, C.G. Pringle 6540 (GH 94454!; isolectotypes AC 320503!, BM 992728!, BR 5506149!, CAS 1937!, CM 1840!, E 259098!, ENCB 3662!, F 74284F!, FR 38574!, G 176432!, G 176433!, HBG 513416!, ISC-v-0903!, 3 K 487031!, KFTA 507!, M 111509!, MEXU 26779!, MEXU 26766!, MO 152409!, NDG 43437!, NY 137217!, NY 137218!, P 689436!, P 689437!, S-G-1431!, UC104986!, US 118999!, VT 26117!). Notes Greenman (1897) did not indicate where the type was housed. Many duplicates from the Pringle 6540 collection were found in several herbaria. Moldenke (1959a, p. 490) clearly indicated the type material by direct citation of the housing institution (GH), and since only one specimen is present there, lectotypification was clearly effected (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014). Citharexylum pauciflorum Brandegee (1906, p. 236) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959a, p. 457): Mexico, Hidalgo, collected near Ixmiquilpan, on mountain slopes, C.A. Purpus 1449 (UC 139934!; isolectotype F 74285F!, GH 94455!, MO 152539!, NY 137219!, NY 137220!, US 119001!). Notes Brandegee (1906) in the protologue just mentioned a locality from Mexico and the number 1449, corresponding to a collection by C. A. Purpus, as stated in the title of the publication. Moldenke (1959a, p. 457) explicitly stated the type was housed at UC, and since only one specimen is present there, lectotypification was clearly effected (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014). Citharexylum pterocladum Donnell Smith (1902, p. 255) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959a: 503): Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Cubilquitz, alt. 350 m, Feb–Mar 1901, H. von Tuerckheim 7922 (US 425527!; isolectotypes A 94459!, GH 94458!, M 111511!, MO 111511!, MO 152335!, NY 137222!, US 1013819!). Notes Donnell Smith (1902, p. 255) did not indicate where the type material of Citharexylum pterocladum was housed. Moldenke (1959a, p. 503) explicitly stated that the type was housed at US, where two duplicates were found, both with labels by Moldenke, one reading ‘Type’, and the other duplicate reading ‘Isotype’. The first specimen is here considered a lectotype clearly effected by Moldenke (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014), the second one is an isolectotype. Citharexylum recurvatum Greenman (1907b, p. 189) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959b, p. 12): Costa Rica, Cartago, Río Reventado, alt. 1830 m, Apr 1888, Juan J. Cooper 5889 (GH 94460!; isolectotypes K 487030! NY 137223!, US 1013822 !, US 1013823!, US 425504!). 4 Notes Greenman (1907b) indicated two specimens (syntypes) in the protologue. Moldenke (1959b: 12) clearly indicated the type material by direct citation of the collection by Cooper, and clearly explaining the origin of this material that is housed at GH. Since only one specimen is present at GH, lectotypification was clearly effected (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014). Citharexylum schulzii Urban & Ekman (1929, p. 108) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959b, p. 26): Haiti, Massif de la Selle, prope Croix-des-Bouquets ad Badeeau, Camp Franc, E. L. Ekman 7654 (S 03-137!; isolectotypes G 176443!, K 487155!, K 487156!, NY 111260!, NY 111261!, S S08-14953!, US 604078!, US 119008!). Notes The authors did not mention where the type material was housed, but it was presumably at S, as stated by Moldenke (1959b, p. 26). However two sheets were found at S, both with labels by Moldenke in 1933, one reading ‘Type’, and the other duplicate reading ‘Isotype’. The first specimen is here considered a lectotype clearly effected by Moldenke (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014), the second one is an isolectotype. Citharexylum stenophyllum Urban & Ekman (1929, p. 106) Lectotype (designated by Moldenke 1959b, p. 48): Haiti, Massif de la Hotte, prope Tiburon, Morne Sentier, Aug., E. L. Ekman 10576 (S 03-139!, isolectotypes G 176448!, K 487153!, NY 111262!, NY 111263!, NY 111264!, S 08-14954!, US 797498!, US 119010!). Notes The author did not indicate where the type was housed. Moldenke (1959b, p. 48) mentioned two duplicates housed at S, and he considered them one ‘Type’, and the other duplicate ‘Isotype’. The ‘Type’ specimen is here considered a lectotype clearly effected by Moldenke (Arts. 7.11 and 9.23 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018, plus notes in McNeill et al. 2014), the second one is an isolectotype. Acknowledgements – Special thanks are given to curators of herbaria HCIB and RSA that helped with the search for specimens. References Atkins, S. 2004. Verbenaceae. – In: Kadereit, J. W. (ed.), The families and genera of flowering plants, vol. 7. Springer, pp. 449–468. Brandegee, T. S. 1906. 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