http://www.academia.edu/7698759/SYNOPSIS_AND_RECENT_ADDITIONS_TO_THE_FLORA_
OF_MONGOLIA
Urgamal, M., Oyuntsetseg, B. & Nyambayar, D. 2013. Synopsis and recent additions to the
flora of Mongolia. Proc. Inst. Bot., Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 25: 53-72.
SYNOPSIS AND RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA
OF MONGOLIA
Urgamal M.,1 Oyuntsetseg B.,2 Nyambayar D.2
1
Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences; 2National University of Mongolia
urgamal@botany.mas.ac.mn; oyuna@num.edu.mn; nyambayar@num.edu.mn
Abstract
This is a revision of the floristic composition of Mongolia, which was based on Gubanov`s conspectus (1996). It is
revealed that 3053 species and subspecies of vascular plants, belonging to 679 genera, 112 families, 39 orders, 14 classes or
clades and 5 divisions (according to APG III system) occur in the Mongolian flora in total. One family (Onocleaceae), 17
genera and 338 species have been added and 407 new combinations on the species level have been made since 1996. The
currently most species number of followed families: Asteraceae (459 spp.), Fabaceae (354 spp.), Poaceae (258 spp.),
Rosaceae (157 spp.), Brassicaceae (155 spp.) and most additions made to the following families: Asteraceae (57 spp.),
Fabaceae (52 spp.), Brassicaceae (25 spp.), Poaceae (20 spp.), Rosaceae (18 spp.) and to the following phyto-geographical
regions of Mongolia: Mongolian Altai (134 spp.), Khentei (71 spp.), Mongol Daurian (64 spp.), Khangai (44 spp.),
Dzungarian Gobi (44 spp.) and Khubsugul (27 spp.). Currently, in total of more 1260 new area records of the about 850
species. The at present includes in total 572 species (18.73%) endemic (151 spp.) and subendemic (421 spp.). The includes to
135 species as “very rare” in the Mongolian Red Book (2013) and 148 species in the Mongolian Red List Book (2011) to the
vascular flora of Mongolia.
Keywords: Conspectus, Vascular flora of Mongolia, new taxa, new distribution,
endemic and subendemic
composition of Mongolia and on the
distribution of certain taxa in the territory
of Outer Mongolia.
These data were mainly gathered
by the Soviet-Mongolian Integrated
Biological Expeditions since 1970,
organized by the Soviet and Mongolian
Academies of Sciences, and by German
botanists worked with botanists from the
National University of Mongolia.
The main works on the vascular
flora of Mongolia (formerly People’s
Republic of Mongolia, Outer Mongolia)
have been “Key to the vascular plants of
Mongolia (with an atlas)” by Grubov
(1982) and “Conspectus of flora of Outer
Mongolia (vascular plants)” by Gubanov
(1996) and some others can be mentioned
(Table 1). The conspectus (Gubanov,
1996) summed up new data on the floristic
Table 1. Overview of the vascular plant species to the flora of Mongolia
Sources and references
Maximowciz, C.J. (1859)
Grubov, V.I. (1955)
Grubov, V.I. (1982)
Ulziykhutag, N. (1989)
Gubanov, I.A. (1996)
Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J. & Munkhbaatar, A. (2004)
Kamelin, R.V. & Ulziykhutag, N. (2005)
Ulziykhutag, N., Dugarjav, Ch., Tuvshintogtokh, I., Mandakh, B.,
Narantuya, N., Tsooj, Sh., Urgamal, M. & Munkhjargal, B. (2009)
1
Family
Genus
Species
97
103
122
128
130
130
555
599
625
662
~680
~700
489
1897
2239
2443
2823
~3000
2930
134
700~
2946
Darijmaa, Sh., Kamelin, R.V., Ulziykhutag, N. & Ganbold, E. (2010)
Virtual Flora of Mongolia (FloraGREIF, Germany, 2013)
At present
Materials and Methods
130
2950
128
669
2879
*112
679
3053
* family name by APG (LAPG) III
of Mongolia (according to Grubov, 1982):
1. Khubsugul; 2. Khentei; 3. Khangai; 4.
Mongolian Dauria; 5. Great Khingan; 6.
Khobdo; 7. Mongolian Altai; 8. Middle
Khalkha; 9. East Mongolia; 10. Depression
of Great Lakes; 11. Valley of Lakes; 12.
East Gobi; 13. Gobi-Altai; 14. Dzungarian
Gobi; 15. Transaltai Gobi; 16. Alashan
Gobi (Figure 1). Nomenclature is based on
Gubanov (1996), APG (LAPG) III (2009),
IPNI (2013), WCSP (2013) and APWeb
(version 13) etc. The records of new
species to the flora are listed for since
Gubanov`s (1996) conspectus (Table 3).
The Herbarium (UBA) of the
Institute of Botany, MAS contains more
than 125.000 specimens, and Herbarium
(UBU) of the Department of Botany, NUM
contains about 12.000 specimens. In total
137.000 specimens represent more than
2745 species of vascular plants belonging
to over 640 genera and 108 families. The
Database of the Mongolian Flora includes
more 3100 species (incl. cultivated plants)
of vascular plants belonging to more 690
genera in 113 families (Urgamal, 2012).
Specifications to the distribution of
species, in 16 phyto-geographical regions
Figure 1. Map of phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia (by Grubov, 1982)
Results
New records of 338 species belong
to more 162 genera and 45 families.
Also new 17 genera (Berteroa,
Boschniakia, Ceratocephala, Dactylis,
Litwinowia,
Mazus,
Milium,
Olimarabidopsis, Onoclea, Ornithopus,
Pachypterygium, Perovskia, Sibiraea,
Sterigmostemum,
Strigosella,
Turczaninowia, Verbascum) and one
family have been registered to the flora of
2
(111
spp.),
Rosaceae (39
spp.),
Brassicaceae (37 spp.) and Poaceae (25
spp.).
The number of species are
distributed
of
following
phytogeographical regions of Mongolia:
Mongolian Altai (1534 spp.), Khangai
(1516), Mongol Dauria (1281 spp.) etc
(Table 6).
19 families of previous system are
included in other families (#, + sister taxa);
14 families have received new names ($)
and one are newly added (+) to the flora of
Mongolia. The newly added family is
Onocleaceae. (Table 3).
The following 13 species and 12
genera of cultivated plants, which are
naturalized are included in the species
composition: Avena fatua L., A. sativa L.,
Hordeum vulgaris L., Secale cereale L.,
Triticum aestivum L. (Grubov, 1982);
Ornithopus perpusillus L., Pisum arvense
L. (Ulziykhutag, 2003); Verbascum
thapsus L. (Darijmaa, 2009); Coriandrum
sativum L. (Ligaa, 1996); Anethum
graveolens L., Apium graveolens L.,
Pastinaca sativa L. (Urgamal, 2009,
2013); Lonicera tatarica L. (Ulziykhutag
& Darijmaa, 1980; Ochirbat, 2009).
Mongolia since Gubanov`s (1996)
conpectus (Table 3, 4, 5).
Therefore 407 new combinations at
the species level have been made.
At present, the vascular flora of
Mongolia consists of 3053 species and
subspecies belong to 679 genera, 112
families, 39 orders, 14 classes or clades
and 5 divisions (Table 2).
Currently most genus and species
number of followed families to the flora of
Mongolia: Asteraceae (85/459), Fabaceae
(26/354), Poaceae (62/258), Rosaceae
(28/157), Brassicaceae (60/155). The
following largest genus: Astragalus (132
spp.), Artemisia (102 spp.), Oxytropis (98
spp.), Carex (92 spp.), Potentilla (70 spp.)
etc (Table 6).
The includes to 135 species as
“very rare” in the Mongolian Red Book
(2013) and 148 species in the Mongolian
Red List Book (2011) to the vascular flora
of Mongolia.
The includes in total 572 species
(18.73%) endemic (151 spp., 4.97%) and
subendemic (421 spp., 13.73%) to the flora
of Mongolia. The largest following
families with endemic and subendemic
species: Fabacaeae (155 spp.), Asteraceae
Table 2. Details of macrosystem classification of the flora of Mongolia
(based on APG III, 2009; arranged by APWeb, 2013)
Super clades
Divisions
1. Lycopodiophyta
Fern
2. Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
3. Pinophyta
4. Gnetophyta
5. Magnoliophyta
Angiosperms
Classes or clades
1. Lycopodiopsida
2. Isoetopsida
3. Psilotopsida
4. Equisetopsida
5. Polypodiospsida
6. Pinopsida
7. Gnetopsida
8. Monocots
9. Commelinids
10. Probably sister eudicots
11. Eudicots
12. Core eudicots
3
Order
1. Lycopodiales
2. Selaginellales
3. Ophioglossales
4. Equisetales
5. Polypodiales
6. Pinales
7. Ephedrales
8. Nymphaeales
9. Acorales
10. Alismatales
11. Liliales
12. Asparagales
13. Poales
14. Ceratophyllales
15. Ranunculales
16. Saxifragales
17. Santalales
Family
1
1
1
1
9
2
1
1
1
9
2
5
4
1
4
6
1
13. Rosids
Eurosids I
(Fabids)
Eurosids II
(Malvids)
14. Asterids
Euasterids I
(Lamiids)
Euasterids II
(Campanuliids)
3 superclades
5 divisions
18. Caryophyllales
19. Zygophyllales
20. Celastrales
21. Oxalidales
22. Malpighiales
23. Fabales
24. Fagales
25. Rosales
26. Geraniales
27. Myrtales
28. Brassicales
29. Malvales
30. Sapindales
31. Cornales
32. Ericales
33. Boraginales
34. Gentianales
35. Lamiales
36. Solanales
37. Asterales
38. Apiales
39. Dipsacales
14 classes and
clades
10
1
1
1
6
2
1
6
1
2
2
2
3
1
4
1
3
7
2
3
1
2
39 orders
112
Table 3. List of new records to the flora of Mongolia (since of Gubanov`s conspectus, 1996)
Scientific name
$ Cystopteridaceae Shmakov (incl. Cystopteris from
Athyriaceae)
Cystopteris sudetica A. Braun & Milde
+ Onocleaceae Pic. Serm. (incl. genus Matteuccia)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Onoclea sensibilis L.
$ Dryopteridaceae Herter (incl. Aspidiaceae)
Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy
Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
Larix czekanowskii Szafran
Liliaceae Juss.
Fritillaria dagana Turcz.
Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev
G. kuraiensis Levichev
Orchidaceae Juss.
Cypripedium ventricosum Sw.
Iridaceae Juss.
Iris ivanovae Doronkin
Sources and references
Region
numbers
Dulamsuren et al., 2004
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
2
Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003
Galanin et al., 2008
Khan & Ivleva, 2012
2, 4
2
Grubov, 1982
Dulamsuren et al., 2004
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
2, 5
Galanin et al., 2008
4
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Levichev, 2001;Olonova et al., 2013
2
7
7
Doronkin, 2012
2
Doronkin & Ivleva, 2012
Alexeev, 2011
Olonova et al., 2013
Khanminchun, 1984
Smirnov et al., 2003
I. kamelinii Alexeeva
I. loczyi Kanitz
4
2, 3
7
7, 10
I. ludwigii Maxim.
I. psammocola Y.T. Zhao
I. pseudothoroldii Galanin
I. sibirica L.
$ Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil. (incl. Alliaceae)
Allium carolinianum DC.
A. pallasii Murr.
A. rubens Schrad. ex Willd.
A. victorialis L.
# Asparagaceae Juss. (incl. Asphodelaceae,
Convallariaceae)
Asparagus burjaticus Peschkova
A. neglectus Kar. & Kir.
Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus virens Buchenau
Cyperaceae Juss.
Carex chloroleuca Meinsh.
C. chordorrhiza Ehrh. ex L. f.
C. eremopyroides V.I. Krecz.
C. lasiocarpa Ehrh.
C. limosa L.
C. magellanica subsp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hiit.
C. praecox Schreb.
C. raddei Kuk.
Poaceae Barnhart
Agrostis tuvinica Peschkova
Calamagrostis angustifolia subsp. tenuis
(V.N. Vassil.) Tzvelev
C. inexpansa subsp. micrantha (Kearney) Stebbins
C. kuznetzovii Tzvelev
Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb.
Dactylis glomerata L.
Elymus karakabinicus Kotukhov
E. kronokensis (Kom.) Tzvelev
Festuca jacutica Drobov
F. pseudosulcata Drobov
Leymus ordensis Peschkova
L. secalinus var. mongolicus (Meld.) Tzvelev
Milium effusum L.
Poa attenuata subsp. tshuensis (Serg.) Olon.
P. ircutica Roshev
P. mongolica (Rendle) Keng
P. pratensis subsp. pruinosa (Korotky) Dickore
Setaria viridis subsp. weinmanii (Roem. et Schult.)
Tzvelev
Stipa sczerbakovii Kotuch.
S. tianschanica Roshev.
# Papaveraceae Juss. (incl. Fumariaceae,
Hypecoaceae)
Corydalis sajanensis Peschkova
5
Olonova et al., 2013
Doronkin & Shaulo, 2007
Galanin, 2009
Zumberelmaa, 2004, 2009
Galanin, 2009
7
Oyuntsetseg et al., 2013
Sanchir, 1992; Friesen, 1995
Friesen, 1995
Grubov, 1982
14
14
7, 14
2, 4
Galanin, 2009
Kamelin et al., 1991
Galanin & Belikovich, 2011
4
14
2
Galanin et al., 2008
4
Nyambayar, 2009
Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003
Nyambayar, 2009
Grubov, 1982; Nyambayar, 2009
Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004
Darijmaa, 2009
Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004
Darijmaa, 2009
Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004
Darijmaa, 2009
Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003
Nyambayar, 2009
Zoyo & Nyambayar, 2004
Darijmaa, 2009
1
Galanin, 2009
1, 2
Galanin, 2009
Dulamsuren et al., 2004
Dulamsuren et al., 2004
Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003
Galanin, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Galanin, 2009
Clayton et al., 2006; Galanin, 2009
Galanin, 2009
Yen et al., 2009; Manibazar, 2010
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Dulamsuren & Muhlenberg, 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Galanin, 2009
Ariunsuren, 2006
Ariunsuren, 2006
Tzvelev, 2000
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Olonova et al., 2013
4
2
2
2
3, 4
7
4
4, 9
4
15
10
2
1-4, 7-13
4
5
2, 4
Munkh-Erdene & Urgamal, 2013
4
10
4
4, 5
2
9, 11
2
2
2, 3
2
2
10
7
15
C. schanginii (Pall.) B. Fedtsch.
Smirnov et al., 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Munkh-Erdene & Urgamal, 2013
Munkh-Erdene, 2011
Sanchir, 1970; Manibazar, 2010
Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. f. & Thomson
Roemeria refracta DC.
Ranunculaceae Juss.
Aconitum birobidshanicum Vorosch.
A. kamelinii Solovjev
A. khanminthunii A.A. Solovjev & Shmakov
A. nemorum Popov
Callianthemum angustifolium Witasek
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth
Manibazar, 2010
Solovjev, 1998; Gubanov, 1999
Olonova et al., 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Manibazar, 2010
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Kamelin et al., 2004
Ranunculus arschantynicus Kamelin, Schmakov et
S. Smirnov
R. polyanthemos L.
R. pulchellus C.A. Mey.
R. rigescens Turcz. ex Ovcz.
R. sapozhnikovii Schegoleva
Thalictrum isopyroides C.A. Mey.
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Grubov, 1982
Manibazar, 2010
Schegoleva, 2006
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
? Th. minus subsp. appendiculatum (C.A. Mey.)
Gubanov
?Th. minus subsp. kemense (Fries) Cajander
Thalictrum schischkinii Friesen
Trollius chinensis Bunge
T. sajanensis Sipliv.
Polygonaceae Lindl.
Polygonum volchovense Tzvel.
Caryophyllaceae Juss.
Eremogone androsacea (Grubov) Ikonn.
E. mongholica (Schischk.) Ikonn.
Herniaria caucasica Rupr.
Lychnis fulgens Fisch.
7, 14
6
1-4, 6-10
14
7
14
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Tupitsyna, 2011
7
Olonova et al., 2013
Revushkin et al., 2001
Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Ebel & Rudaya,
2002; Neuffer et al., 2012
6
7
Gureyeva & Balashova, 2011
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Neuffer et al., 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Manibazar, 2010; Vlasova, 2012
Lazkov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
S. jacquemontii Moq.
Suaeda tschujensis Lomon. & Freitag
Euphorbiaceae Juss.
Euphorbia caesia Kar. & Kir.
E. macrorrhiza C.A. Mey.
Violaceae Batsch.
Viola alexandrowiana (W. Becker) Juz.
V. arvensis Murray
V. disjuncta W. Becker
9
3, 13
6, 7
7
7
3
3
7
5
1
Neuffer et al., 2003
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Kamelin, 1998; Gubanov, 1999;
Darijmaa, 2009
Silene foliosa Maxim.
S. intramongolica Lazkov
S. quadriloba Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.
S. filicaulis Makino
Stellaria martjanovii Krylov
# Amaranthaceae Juss. (incl. Chenopodiaceae)
Atriplex altaica Sukhor.
Chenopodium gubanovii Sukhor.
Halostachys caspica C.A. Mey.
Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bunge
Petrosimonia sibirica (Pall.) Bunge
Salicornia altaica Lomon.
Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad. ex Schult.
7, 14
3
3, 14
13
7
7
5
4, 12, 13
7
2
2, 3
7
7
14
14, 15
10, 14
14
7
Olonova et al., 2013
14
8, 13
7
Revushkin et al., 2001
Olonova et al., 2013
7
6, 7
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
4
4
V. epipsiloides A. Love & D. Love
V. ircutiana Turcz.
V. rudolfii V. Nikit.
V. schauloi V. Nikit.
V. tenuicornis subsp. trichosepala W. Becker
Linaceae DC. ex Perleb
Linum violascens Bunge
Fabaceae Lindl.
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. ex Keller & Shap.
Astragalus aksaicus Schischk.
A. albertii Bunge
A. arcuatus Kar. & Kir.
A. chorinensis Bunge
A. consanguineus Bong.
A. grum-grshimailoi Palib.
A. hamiensis S.B. Ho
A. laxmannii Jacq.
A. ochrias Bunge
A. ortholobus Bunge
A. oxyglottis Steven ex M. Bieb.
Olonova et al., 2013
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
Kamelin et al., 2011
7
1, 2
2
4, 5
2, 4
4
Olonova et al., 2013
7
A. roseus Ledeb.
A. schrenkianus Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
A. scleropodius Ledeb.
A. tephrolobus Bunge
A. tulinovii B. Fedtsch.
A. xanthotrichus Ledeb.
A. yumenensis S.B. Ho
A. zacharensis Bunge
Caragana davazamcii Sanchir
Glycyrrhiza alaschanica Grankina
G. gobica Grankina
Olonova & Beket, 2010
Revushkin et al., 2001
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Grubov, 1982
Revushkin et al., 2001
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Olonova et al., 2013
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Grubov, 1982
Ulziykhutag, 2000
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Neuffer et al., 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Olonova et al., 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Olonova et al., 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Sanchir, 1997, 1999
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
G. soongorica Grankina
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Hedysarum austrosibiricum B. Fedtsch.
H. chalchorum N. Ulziykh.
H. consanguineum DC.
H. gmelinii Ledeb
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Neuffer et al., 2003
Grubov, 1982; Ulziykhutag, 2003
H. iliense B. Fedtsch.
H. linczevskyi Bajtenov
H. theinum Krasnob.
Lathyrus ledebourii Trautv
L. sativus L.
Lotus corniculatus L.
Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC.
Oxytropis alpestris Schischk.
O. glandulosa Turcz.
O. latibracteata Jurtz.
O. physocarpa Ledeb.
O. sulphurea (DC.) Ledeb.
O. teres DC.
Thermopsis dahurica Czefr.
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Olonova et al., 2013
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Revushkin et al., 2001
Olonova et al., 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Darijmaa, 2009
A. peterae H.T. Tsai & T.T. Yu
A. pseudoborodinii S.B. Ho
7
14, 15
7
10, 11
14
2, 3, 4
10
7
14
7, 10, 14
12, 14-16
7
7, 14
6, 10
14
7, 14
7
7
7
7
7
14, 15
9
15
12, 15
12, 13,
15, 16
2-4, 8, 9,
12, 15, 16
3, 6, 7
3, 4, 8
7
1-4, 6, 7,
10, 13
7
7, 13
7
7
4
4
2-4, 8
7
1, 3
3
7
7
7
2-5, 9, 12
Th. lanceolata var. glabra (Czefr.) Yakovlev
Th. lanceolata var. lanceolata R. Br.
Th. longicarpa N. Ulziykh.
Vicia faba L.
V. nervata Sipliv.
V. ramuliflora (Maxim.) Ohwi
Rosaceae Juss.
Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.
ILDIS, 2013
Flora China
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
Ulziykhutag, 2003
Vlasova, 2012
Ulziykhutag, 2003; Darijmaa, 2009
9
1-4, 8
6, 10
4
1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3, 4, 5
Grubov, 1982
Comarum salesovianum (Stephan) Asch. & Graebn.
Potentilla angustiloba T.T. Yu & C.L. Li
P. conferta var. conferta Kuntze
P. chamaeleo Sojak
P. crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch
P. gobica Sojak
P. hubsugulica Sojak
P. jenissejensis Polozh. et W. Smirn.
P. junatovii Rudaya et A.L. Ebel
P. nivea subsp. arenosa (Turcz.) Kuvaev
P. strigosa Pall. ex Pursh
P. subdigitata T.T. Yu & C.L. Li
? P. supina var. supina
P. virgata var. pinnatifida (Lehm.) T.T. Yu & C.L. Li
Rosa xanthina Lindl.
Rubus chamaemorus L.
Sibiraea laevigata (L.) Maxim.
Rhamnaceae Juss.
Rhamnus davurica Pall.
Geraniaceae Juss.
Geranium krylovii Tzvelev
Lythraceae J. St.-Hil.
Lythrum salicaria L.
L. virgatum L.
Grubov, 1982
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Sojak, 2006
Sojak, 1986
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Rudaya & Rbel, 2002
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Darijmaa et al., 2004
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Kechaykin & Shmakov, 2013
Sanchir & Tserennadmid, 2000
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Olonova et al., 2013
2-4, 6-13,
16
13
7
7
7
7
7
1
6, 10
7
2, 4
12
7
4, 5
7
9
2
7
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
2, 4
Ivleva, 2012
2
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009;
Oyuntsetseg et al., 2013
4
Doronkin et al., 2012
2
3, 7
5
2, 4
7
5
6, 7
Lepidium ruderale L.
Grubov, 1982
Neuffer et al., 2012
Neuffer et al., 2012
Neuffer, 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
German, 2007
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Olonova et al., 2013
Grubov, 1982; Neuffer et al., 2003
Revushkin et al., 2001
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Olonova et al., 2013
German, 2005
Olonova et al., 2013
German, 2005
German, 2001
German, 2001
Kamelin & Uliykhutag, 2005
Grubov, 1982; Manibazar, 2010
L. songaricum Schrenk
Revushkin et al., 2001
Onagraceae Juss.
Epilobium ciliatum Raf.
Brassicaceae Burnett
Alyssum linifolium Stephan ex Willd.
Arabis amplexicaulis Edgew.
Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
Capsella orientalis Klokov
Dontostemon dentatus (Bunge) Ledeb.
D. senilis subsp. gubanovii D.A. German
Draba czuensis Revuschkin & A.L. Ebel
D. lanceolata Royel
D. stenocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson
Erysimum ledebourii (C.A. Mey.) D.A. German
E. mongolicum D.A. German
E. quadrangulum (L'Her.) Desf.
E. vassilczenkoi Polatschek
Eutrema heterophyllum (W.W. Sm.) H. Hara
Goldbachia pendula Botsch.
8
6, 14
6, 7
1-7, 13
7
7
7
7
7, 14
7
7, 14
1-5, 7, 8,
11, 13
Litwinowia tenuissima (Pall.) Woronow ex Pavlov
Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge &
J. Leonard
Olimarabidopsis pumila (Stephan) Al-Shehbaz,
O'Kane & R.A. Price
Pachypterygium multicaule (Kar. & Kir.) Bunge
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
S. volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn.
Sterigmostemum regeliorum R. Kamelin &
D. German
Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch.
Thymelaeaceae Juss.
Diarthron altaicum (Pers.) Kit Tan
# Nitrariaceae Lindl.(incl. Peganaceae)
Peganum multisectum (Maxim.) Bobrov
Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh.
Androsace chamaejasme var. carinata (Torr.) R.
Knuth
A. septentrionalis var. breviscapa Krylov
# Ericaceae Juss. (incl. Vacciniaceae, Empetraceae,
Pyrolaceae, Monotropaceae)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Cassiope ericoides (Pall.) D. Don. 1834
Empetrum nigrum L.
E. nigrum subsp. sibiricum (V.N. Vassil.) Kuvaev
Pyrola minor L.
Ebel & Rudaya, 2002
Smirnov et al., 2003
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
7
14
Al-Shehbaz et al., 1999
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
German, 2010
Smirnov et al., 2003
Neuffer et al., 2012
2
Kamelin & German, 2001
Smirnov et al., 2003
14
14
Olonova et al., 2013
7
Amartuvshin, 2012
14, 15
7, 14
14
2
4
1-3, 6, 7, 9
7, 14
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Grubov, 1982
Dulamsuren et al., 2004
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Boraginaceae Juss.
Anoplocaryum tenellum A.L. Ebel et Rudaya
Craniospermum subfloccosum Krylov
C. subvillosum Lehm.
Rudaya & Ebel, 2002
Olonova & Beket, 2010
Gubanov, 1999; Ebel & Rudaya,
2002; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Neuffer et al., 2003
Ebel & Rudaya, 2003
Grubov, 1982; Gubanov, 1999
Eritrichium kamelinii Ovczinnikova 1999
Lappula heterocantha (Ledeb.) Gurke
L. tenuis (Ledeb.) Gurke
L. tuvinica Ovczinnokova
Mertensia pallasii (Ledeb.) G. Don
M. tarbagataica B. Fedtsch.
Myosotis austrosibirica O.D. Nikif.
M. caespitosa Schultz
M. scorpioides L.
M. stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult.
Nonea rossica Steven
Onosma setosa Ledeb.
Gentianaceae Juss.
Gentianella atrata Holub
G. aurea (L.) Harry Sm. ex Hyl.
# Apocynaceae Juss. (incl. Asclepiadaceae)
Cynanchum bungei Decne.
C. mongolicum (Maxim.) Kom.
# Plantaginaceae Juss. (incl. genus Veronica from
Scrophulariaceae)
Plantago urvillei Opiz.
9
2
4
1-4
1-4, 6, 7
2
7
7
10, 14
7
7
14, 15
6
7
7
7, 13
Gubanov, 1999
Neuffer et al., 2003
Doronkin et al., 2012
Beket, 2009
2-5,
14
2
7
3
7
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
5
7
Grubov, 2000
Grubov, 2000
9
16
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
2
9-10,
Veronica pinnata subsp. nana Polozh.
V. sajanensis Printz.
V. sapozhnikovii Kossatschev
Neuffer et al., 2003
Kosachev, 2009;
Olonova & Beket, 2010
Kosachev, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Kosachev, 2009;
Olonova & Beket, 2010
V. schmakovii Kossaczev
V. sessiliflora Bunge
V. smirnovii Kossatschev
Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort.
Verbascum thapsus L.
$ Phrymaceae Schauer (incl. two genera Dodartia,
Lancea from Scrophulariaceae and new genus Mazus)
Mazus stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim.
Lamiaceae Martinov
Dracocephalum nodulosum Rupr.
D. olchonense Peschkova
D. origanoides subsp. bungeanum (Schischk. &
Serg.) A.L. Budantsev
D. pinnatum L.
Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin ex Proch. & Lebel
Lagopsis darwiniana Pjak
L. flava Kar. & Kir.
Mentha aquatica L.
Perovskia abrotanoides Kar.
Scutellaria altaica Fisch. ex Sweet
S. dependens Maxim.
S. sieversii Bunge
Thymus narymensis Serg.
# Orobanchaceae Vent. (incl. genera Pedicularis,
Rhinanthus from Scrophulariaceae)
Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. Fedtsch.
Cistanche feddeana K.S. Hao
Euphrasia schischkinii Serg.
Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge
P. wlassowiana Steven
Rhinanthus serotinus Oborny.
Campanulaceae Juss.
Campanula punctata Lam.
Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl
Achillea millefolium L.
A. ptarmicoides Maxim.
A. sergievskiana Schaulo et Schmakov
Artemisia brachyphylla Kitam.
A. dahurica (Turcz.) Poljakov
A. eriopoda Bunge
A. implicata Leonova
A. rutifolia var. altaica (Krylov) Krasch.
A. succulenta Ledeb.
Crepis lyrata (L.) Froel.
C. nana Richardson
Erigeron altaicus Popov
E. elongatus Ledeb.
E. krylovii Serg.
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
Smirnov et al., 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
10
4
Gubanov, 1999
5
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
14
4
Olonova et al., 2013
Hilbig & Jamsran, 1980
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 1989
Pyak et al., 2007
Pyak et al., 2007
Neuffer et al., 2012
Olonova et al., 2013
Kamelin & Darijmaa, 2002
Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
1, 6, 7, 13
6
7
7
7
4
6
7
2, 4
6, 7
7
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Grubov, 1982
Smirnov et al., 2003
Olonova et al., 2013
Smirnov et al., 2003
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
2
13, 16
Grubov, 2001
9
Grubov, 1982; Ulziykhutag, 1985
Grubov, 1982; Neuffer et al., 2012
Shaulo & Shmakov, 2002
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Grubov, 1955
TICA, 2013
TICA, 2013
TICA, 2013
Neuffer et al., 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Oyumaa & Paula de Priest, 2011
Darijmaa, 2009
Grubov, 1982
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
1-4, 7
2, 4, 8-10
7
7
7
2
3, 14
5
4
16
16
7
7
7
1
7, 14
1-7, 13
3, 7
Olonova et al., 2013
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Grubov, 2005
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Kamelin, 1998; Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Kamelin & Ulziykhutag, 2005
Darijmaa, 2009
Beket, 2009
Neuffer et al., 2003
Olonova et al., 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Dariimaa, 2009
Grubov, 1982
Olonova et al., 2013
Smirnov et al., 2003
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Darijmaa, 2009
Beket, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Grubov, 1982;
Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Grubov, 1982; Sanchir et al., 2004
Galatella altaica Tzvelev
G. angustissima (Tausch.) Nokopokr.
G. hauptii (Ledeb.) Lindl. ex DC.
Gnaphalium uliginosum L.
Heteropappus medius Tamamsch.
Hieracium sershukense Uksip.
Inula aspera Poir.
I. japonica Thunb.
Jurinea multiflora (L.) B. Fedtsch.
Leontopodium palibinianum Beauverd
Ligularia glauca O. Hoffm.
L. hodgsonii Hook.
L. mongolica (Turcz.) DC.
L. thomsonii (C.B. Clarke) Pojark.
Pyrethrum pulchellum Turcz. ex Ledeb.
P. pyrethroides (Kar. & Kir.) B. Fedtsch. ex Krasch.
Saussurea elata Ledeb.
S. purpurata (Fisch. ex Herder) Lipsch.
Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge
S. pusilla Pall.
Senecio veresczaginii Schischk. & Serg.
Serratula cardunculus (Pall.) Schischk.
S. kirghisorum Iljin
Solidago virgaurea L.
Tanacetum crassipes (Stschegl.) Tzvelev
Taraxacum altaicum Schischk.
T. armeriifolium Soest
T. borealisinense Kitam.
T. commixtiforme Soest
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Grubov, 1982; Sanchir et al., 2004
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Olonova et al., 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Darijmaa, 2009
Beket, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Ivanova, 2011
Darijmaa, 2009
Darijmaa, 2009
Gubanov, 1999; Darijmaa, 2009
Neuffer et al., 2012
T. compactum Schischk.
T. glaucanthum (Ledeb.) DC.
T. kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin
T. krasnoborovii Krasnikov.
T. krylovii Krasnikov et V. Khan.
T. linczevskyi Schischk
T. minutilobum Popov ex Kovalevsk.
T. mujense Petroch.
T. pseudoatratum Orazova
T. sangilense Krasnob. & Khanm.
T. smirnovii Ivanova
T. tuvinense Krasnob. & Krasnikov
Tragopogon turkestanicus S.A. Nikit. ex Pavl.
Turczaninowia fastigiata (Fisch.) DC.
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder
Apiaceae Lindl.
Angelica saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb.
Bupleurum longiinvolucratum Krylov
B. pusillum Krylov
Ferula caspica M.Bieb.
Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.
Adoxaceae E. Mey. (incl. Sambucus, Viburnum from
Caprifoliaceae)
Sambucus williamsii Hance
# Caprifoliaceae Juss. (incl. Valerianaceae,
11
7, 14
1
7
10
3-5, 8, 9
7
2, 3, 9
2
7, 14
2, 4, 5
7
5, 9
5
14
7
7
7
4
5, 9
14
7
2-5, 7
7
7
7
3, 6, 7
3-5, 7-14,
16
15
4, 8-10, 13,
14
1, 2
3, 4, 8
3
7
7
7
7
1, 2
6
1, 2
7
1
7
2, 4
9
Urgamal, 2012, 2013
Olonova et al., 2013
Urgamal, 2012, 2013
Urgamal, 2009, 2012, 2013
Gubanov, 1999; Urgamal, 2013
2
7
1-3, 6, 7, 13
7, 14
10
Grubov, 2002
5
Dipsacaceae)
Lonicera tatarica L.
Patrinia heterophylla Bunge
Valeriana officinalis L.
Valeriana tangutica Batalin
4
Ochirbat, 2009
9
Grubov, 2001
Ulziykhutag, 1985; Grubov, 2001
Krestovskaja, 2001
1, 2, 3, 4
Grubov, 2001
16
* family name and placement by APG (LAPG) III system
Symbols: # - includes with another family ( + sister taxa); $ - modified with new name; ? –uncertain taxa;
+ - newaddedfamily to the flora.
Table 4. The number of new records and total species for phyto-geographical regions
in the Mongolian flora
Phyto-geographical region name
1. Khubsugul mountain taiga
2. Khentei mountain taiga
3. Khangai forest steppe
4. Mongol Daurian forest steppe
5. Khingan mountain meadow steppe
6. Khobdo mountain semidesert steppe
7. Mongolian Altai mountain steppe
8. Middle Khalkha dry steppe
9. East Mongolian steppe
10. Depression of Great Lakes semidesert steppe
11. Valley of Lakes semidesert steppe
12. East Gobi semidesert steppe
13. Gobi Altai mountain semidesert steppe
14. Dzungarian Gobi desert
15. Transaltai Gobi desert
16. Alashan Gobi desert
Number of
new records
27
71
44
64
24
23
134
14
21
22
6
10
20
44
14
10
Total species of regions
(at present)
1032
1229
1516
1281
831
978
1534
740
923
833
448
458
845
811
371
249
Table 5. The numbers of new species records to the families of the Mongolian flora
Name of family
Adoxaceae
Amaranthaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Apiaceae
Apocynaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteraceae
Boraginaceae
Brassicaceae
Campanulaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Cyperaceae
Cystopteridaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Species
numbers
1
9
4
5
2
3
58
15
25
1
4
9
8
1
1
Name of family
Ericaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Gentianaceae
Geraniaceae
Iridaceae
Juncaceae
Lamiaceae
Liliaceae
Linaceae
Lythraceae
Nitrariaceae
Onagraceae
Onocleaceae
Orchidaceae
12
Species
numbers
5
2
52
2
1
7
1
13
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
Name of family
Orobanchaceae
Papaveraceae
Phrymaceae
Pinaceae
Plantaginaceae
Poaceae
Polygonaceae
Primulaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rosaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Thymelaeaceae
Violaceae
Cultivated plants
Total records:
Species
numbers
6
4
1
1
7
20
1
2
17
1
18
2
1
8
12
338
Table 6. The ten largest genera and families to the flora of Mongolia
Family name
1. Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl
2. Fabaceae Lindl.
3. Poaceae Barnhart
4. Rosaceae Juss.
5. Brassicaceae Burnett
6. Cyperaceae Juss.
7. Ranunculaceae Juss.
8. Lamiaceae Martinov
9. Amaranthaceae Juss.
10. Caryophyllaceae Juss.
Number of
species
459
354
258
157
155
132
132
101
100
92
Discussion and Conclusion
Many recent studies have provided
support for the APG (LAPG) III (2009)
system, which was basically also adopted
here.
The following is a list of 33 taxa
that occur in the Mongolian flora, but are
not accepted by present system: Alliaceae,
Asclepiadaceae,
Asphodelaceae,
Aspidiaceae, Athyriaceae, Botrychiaceae,
Callitrichaceae,
Chenopodiaceae,
Convallariaceae,
Cryptogrammaceae,
Cuscutaceae, Dipsaceae, Empetraceae,
Fumariaceae,
Hemerocallidaceae,
Hippuridaceae,
Huperziaceae,
Hypecoaceae,
Hypolepidaceae,
Lemnaceae, Limoniaceae, Monotropaceae,
Najadaceae, Parnassiaceae, Peganaceae,
Pyrolaceae,
Sinopteridaceae,
Sparganiaceae, Trilliaceae, Vacciniaceae,
Valerianaceae,
Verbenaceae,
Zannichelliaceae.
14 families that were placed under
a new name are: Acoraceae (incl. Acorus
from Araceae), Amaryllidaceae (incl.
Alliaceae), Cleomaceae (incl. Cleoma
from Capparaceae), Cystopteridaceae
(incl. Cystopteris from Athyriaceae),
Dennstaedtiaceae (incl. Hypolepidaceae),
Dryopteridaceae
(incl.
Aspidiaceae),
Hydrocharitaceae (incl. Najadaceae),
Montiaceae
(incl.
Claytonia
from
Portulacaceae), Ophioglossaceae (incl.
Botrychiaceae),
Phrymaceae
(incl.
Dodartia, Lancea from Scrophulariaceae;
Genus name
Astragalus L.
Artemisia L.
Oxytropis DC.
Carex L.
Potentilla L.
Taraxacum F.H. Wigg.
Allium L.
Saussurea DC.
Salix L.
Pedicularis L.
Number of
species
132
102
98
92
70
54
52
51
43
36
genus
Mazus
from
Mazaceae),
Phyllanthaceae (incl. Flueggea to replaced
Securinega
from
Euphorbiaceae),
Pteridaceae (incl. Cryptocrammaceae,
Sinopteridaceae), Tofieldiaceae (incl.
Tofieldia
from
Melanthiaceae),
Xanthorrhoeaceae
(incl.
Hemerocallidaceae).
The following 19 families now
include other families or some genera,
belonged to another families in the
previous system: Lycopodiaceae (incl.
Huperziaceae),
Woodsiaceae
(incl.
Athyrium, Diplazium, Gymnospermum
from
Athyriaceae),
Araceae
(incl.
Lemnaceae), Potamogetonaceae (incl.
Zannichelliaceae), Melanthiaceae (incl.
Trilliaceae),
Asparagaceae
(incl.
Asphodelaceae,
Convallariaceae),
Typhaceae
(incl.
Sparganiaceae),
Papaveraceae
(incl.
Fumariaceae,
Hypecoaceae), Plumbaginaceae (incl.
Limoniaceae),
Amaranthaceae
(incl.
Chenopodiaceae), Celastraceae (incl.
Parnassiaceae),
Nitrariaceae
(incl.
Peganaceae),
Ericaceae
(incl.
Vacciniaceae, Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae,
Monotropaceae),
Apocynaceae
(incl.
Asclepiadaceae), Plantaginaceae (incl.
Callitrichaceae,
Hippuridaceae),
Lamiaceae
(incl.
Verbenaceae),
Convolvulaceae
(incl.
Cuscutaceae),
Adoxaceae (incl. Sambucus, Viburnum
from Caprifoliaceae), Caprifoliaceae (incl.
Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae).
13
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Additions to the flora the Khentej, Mongolia, 2.
Willdenowia. 34: 505-510.
Ebel, A.L. & Rudaya, N.A. 2002. Notes
on the flora of Western Mongolia. Turczaninowia
1(5): 32-42. (in Russian).
Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der
Mongolei. 2012. Exploration into the Biological
Resources of Mongolia, vol. 12. (band 12).
Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle Wittenberg, Halle
(Saale), Germany.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 19882013. Flora of China (Checklist & Addendum).
Unpaginated. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
In some cases, one or few genera
were replaced toother families: Acoraceae
(incl. Acorus from Araceae), Adoxaceae
(incl.
Sambucus,
Viburnum
from
Caprifoliaceae), Cleomaceae (incl. Cleoma
from Capparaceae), Cystopteridaceae
(incl. Cystopteris from Athyriaceae),
Lamiaceae (incl. Caryopteris from
Verbenaceae), Montiaceae (incl. Claytonia
from Portulacaceae), Orobanchaceae (incl.
genera Castilleja, Cymbaria, Euphrasia,
Odontites, Pedicularis, Rhinanthus from
Scrophulariaceae), Phrymaceae (incl.
Dodartia, Lancea from Scrophulariaceae),
Phyllanthaceae (incl. Flueggea to replaced
Securinega
from
Euphorbiaceae),
Plantaginaceae (incl. genus Lagotis,
Linaria, Pseudolysimachion, Veronica,
Veronicastrum from Scrophulariaceae),
Tofieldiaceae (incl. Tofieldia from
Woodsiaceae
(incl.
Melanthiaceae),
Athyrium, Diplazium, Gymnospermum
from Athyriaceae).
Only two genera were left in the
family Scrophulariaceae (Limosellaand
Scrophularia).
Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. Dr.Ch. Sanchir,and
Dr. I. Tuvshintogtokh, (Institute of
Botany, MAS) for their helpful comments
on the manuscript.
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