The Flora of Southern Illinois - Lecture 1
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The basics of plant identification for southern Illinois.
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Semelhante a The Flora of Southern Illinois - Lecture 1
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The Flora of Southern Illinois - Lecture 1
- 1. The Flora of Southern Illinois PLB 451 Instructor: Christopher David Benda
- 2. CHRISTOPHER DAVID BENDA, M.S. President Illinois Native Plant Society, SouthernInstructor, Flora of Southern Illinois Southern Illinois University Instructor The Morton Arboretum Technical Expert Consultant Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board Plant Ecologist Illinois Natural History Survey Instructor – Master Naturalist Illinois Environmental Council
- 5. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory Category I – High Quality Natural Communities
- 6. 0.07% in a natural condition
- 7. Southern Illinois Natural Communities FOREST Upland Forest • Xeric • Dry • Dry-mesic • Mesic Floodplain Forest • Mesic • Wet-mesic • Wet Flatwoods • Southern Flatwoods SAVANNA Barren • Dry Barren • Dry-mesic Barren • Mesic Barren PRAIRIE • Loess Hill Prairie • Glacial Drift Hill Prairie WETLAND Swamp • Swamp • Shrub Swamp Seeps and Springs • Seep • Acid Gravel Seep OPEN WATER • Pond STREAM • Small, Medium, Large • High, Medium, Low Gradient BEDROCK Glades • Sandstone Glade • Limestone Glade • Shale Glade Cliff • Dry Sandstone Cliff • Mesic Sandstone Cliff • Dry Limestone Cliff • Mesic Limestone Cliff • Sandstone Overhang CULTURAL
- 8. Natural Community Soil Moisture Gradient Xeric Dry Dry-mesic Mesic Wet-mesic Wet Hydric
- 9. Salukinet Go over syllabus Icebreaker Exercise
- 10. Plant Resources for Southern Illinois Field Guide Books & Websites
- 11. Plant Resources for Southern Illinois Field Guide Books & Websites
- 12. Simple leaf, magnolia a. Leaf Complexity Pinnately compound leaf, black walnut Palmately compound leaf, buckeye b. Leaf Arrangement Opposite leaves, maple Whorled leaves, bedstraw Alternate leaves, American beech Leaf Characteristics
- 14. Palmately compound leaf Ohio Buckeye Aesculus glabra
- 15. Pinnately compound leaf Black Walnut
- 17. Whorled leaves Bedstraw Galium pilosum Galium aparine
- 19. Exceptions to the rule: 1. Bladdernut 2. Euonymous (Wahoo) 3. Wild Hydrangea 4. Catalpa 5. Buttonbush 4. Catalpa 5. Buttonbush
- 25. Stalk of an inflorescence Stalk of a solitary flower Orbexilum pedunculatum Ruellia pedunculatum
- 26. Basic Flower Anatomy • The male part is termed the Stamen, which consists of the anther and filament. • The female part is the Carpel, which consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
- 28. Complete Flowers • Flowers containing BOTH male (stamen) and female (carpel) sexual parts. • Automatically monoecious
- 29. Incomplete Flowers • Flowers containing the reproductive parts of only one sex. • These incomplete flowers may be on the same plant (monoecious), • or on separate plants (dioecious) Sparganium eurycarpum Thalictrum dioicum
- 32. Imperfect, monoecious Imperfect, dioecious Carex grayi Thalictrum dioicum
- 33. Obligate (requires a specific habitat for survival) Vs. Facultative (requires a general habitat for survival)
- 34. Coefficient of Conservatism The native species most successful in badly damaged habitats were given C values of 0. At the other end of the spectrum, species virtually restricted to natural areas in Illinois received C values of 10. (Taft et al. 1997) Further reading http://www.conservationresearchinstitute.org/assets/illinoisfqa.pdf http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Home/S1029%20Mortellaro%20mo nograph.pdf
- 35. Erigenia link http://www.ill-inps.org/Erigenia T & E Species Link http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/ESPB/Documents/2015_ChecklistFINAL_for_we bpage_051915.pdf
- 36. Binomial Nomenclature “The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their rightful names.” Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Cordata Reptilia Testudines Emydidae Emydoidea E. blandingii
- 37. Latin Pronunciation Pronounce every letter except diphthongs Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia, Ambrosia “ch” is a “k” sound Polystichum, Heuchera, Aristolochia If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult); e.g., Àcer. If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last (penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult). Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum ae Pellaea, Arisaema, Chamaecrista au Daucus carota Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea Ui Equisetum “oi” is not a diphthong! Pleopeltis polypodioides Pronounce when ending with “e” Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemale Latinized last names (one or two i’s) Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingii Most trees have been feminized! Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana
- 38. Latin Pronunciation English pronunciation of vowels A – E – I – O - U Latin pronunciation of vowels Ah – Eh – EE – Oh - OO
- 39. Gee whiz?! information If you can’t tell a joke about it, explain where the name comes from, or tell story about the plant then: WHO CARES!!!
- 40. Plant Humor How can you ID a dogwood tree? By its bark!
- 43. Natural Areas in Southern Illinois 109 sites
- 44. Shawnee Hills & Shawnee Nat’l Forest
- 45. Plant Taxonomy •Non-Vascular •Early Plants (spores) •Archaeplastida (algae) •Bryophyta (mosses) •Marchantiophyta (liverworts) •Anthocerophyta (hornworts) •Vascular •Seedless plants •Pteridophyta (Ferns) •Fern Allies •Equisetaceae (Horsetail) •Isoetaceae (Quillwort) •Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss) •Marsileaceae (Water-Clover) •Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss) •Seed Plants •Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens) •Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium •Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) •Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants) •Dicots (most other flowering plants)
- 46. Sphagnum Moss – Sphagnum compactum Non-Vascular Plants
- 47. Scouring Rush – Equisetum hyemale
- 49. Shining Clubmoss – Huperzia lucidula
- 50. Spikemoss – Selaginella rupetris
- 51. Ferns Spleenwort Fern - Asplenium platyneuron
- 52. Spleenwort Fern - Asplenium pinnatifidum
- 53. Walking Fern – Asplenium rhizophyllum
- 54. Maidenhair Spleenwort Fern – Asplenium trichomanes
- 55. Maidenhair Fern – Adiantum pedatum
- 56. Mosquito Fern – Azolla mexicana
- 57. Netted Chain Fern – Woodwardia areolata
- 58. Sensitive Fern – Onoclea sensibilis
- 59. Lady Fern – Athyrium filix-femina
- 60. Bladder Fern – Cystopteris bulbifera
- 61. Silvery Spleenwort – Deparia acrostichoides
- 63. Marginal Shield Fern – Dryopteris marginalis
- 64. Spinulose Woodfern – Dryopteris carthusiana
- 65. Common Woodsia Fern – Woodsia obtusa
- 66. Grape Fern – Sceptridium dissectum
- 67. Adder’s Tongue Fern – Ophioglossum vulgatum
- 68. Royal Fern – Osmunda spectabilis
- 69. Resurrection Ferns – Polypodium virginianum and Pleopeltis polypodioides
- 70. Hairy Lip Fern – Cheilanthes lanosa
- 71. Purple Cliffbrake Fern – Pellaea atropurpurea
- 72. Broad Beech Fern – Phegopteris hexagonoptera
- 74. • plants that don’t produce a protective fruit around the seed. • all the conifers - pines, cedar, tamarack, yew, and cypress. Gymnosperms (“naked seed”) Pinus echinata Taxodium distichum Larix laricina
- 75. Red Cedar - Juniperus virginiana
- 76. • flowering plants where the seed is encased in a protective fruit. • This is the dominant group of plants on Earth today. Angiosperms (“hidden seeds”)
- 78. One cotyledon in seed
- 79. Leaf veins form a parallel pattern
- 80. Flower parts in threes and multiples of three, irregular (nonsymmetrical)
- 81. Two cotyledons in seed
- 82. Leaf veins form a net pattern
- 83. Flower parts in fours or fives and their multiples
- 84. BREAK
- 85. Common Plant Families Angiosperms Dicots and Monocots
- 86. DICOTS
- 87. Araliaceae (Spikenard family) Wild Ginseng Panax quinquefolia
- 88. Wild Petunia - Ruellia sp. Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)
- 89. Water Willow – Justicia americana Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)
- 90. Apiaceae (Carrot family) Zizia aurea Osmorhiza claytonii
- 91. Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family) Wild Ginger – Asarum canadense
- 92. Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family) Mead’s Milkweed – Asclepias meadii
- 93. Asclepias tuberosa & A. perennis
- 94. Asclepias syriaca & A. variegata
- 95. Asclepias exaltata & A. purpurescens
- 96. Asclepias hirtella & A. verticillata
- 100. Asclepias viridiflora & A. viridis
- 101. Climbing Milkweed – Matelea gonocarpos
- 102. Climbing Milkweed – Matelea obliqua
- 103. Asteraceae (Composite family) Helenium autumnale Leucanthemum vulgare
- 104. Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum
- 105. Blazing Stars – Liatris scabra & aspera
- 106. False Dandelion - Krigia biflora
- 107. Pussytoes – Antennaria parlinii
- 108. Boraginaceae (Borage family) Lithospermum canescens
- 109. Lithospermum latifolium & Mertensia virginica
- 110. Heliotropium indicum & Cynoglossum virginianum
- 111. Marbleseed – Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum
- 112. Brassicaceae (Mustard family) Dentaria laciniata & Cardamine bulbosa
- 113. Cactaceae (Cactus family) Opuntia humifusa
- 114. Campanulaceae (Bellflower family) Lobelia cardinalis & Lobelia puberula
- 115. Campanulaceae (Bellflower family) Lobelia spicata & Lobelia siphilitica
- 116. Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family) Lonicera reticulata
- 117. Elderberry – Sambucus canadensis
- 118. Coralberry – Symphoricarpus orbiculatus
- 119. Rusty Black Haw – Viburnum rufidulum
- 120. Caryophyllaceae (Pink family) Stellaria longifolia Silene stellata
- 121. Fire Pink – Silene virginica
- 122. Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory family) Calystegia sepium Ipomoea pandurata
- 123. Flowering Dogwood – Cornus florida Cornaceae (Dogwood family)
- 124. Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family) Sedum pulchellum
- 125. Wild Orpine - Sedum telephioides
- 126. Cucurbitaceae (Gourd family) Sicyos angulatus
- 127. Cuscutaceae (Dodder family) Cuscuta gronovii
- 128. Ericaceae (Heath family) Chamaedaphne calyculata
- 129. Wild Azalea - Rhododendron prinophyllum
- 130. Farkleberry – Vaccinium arboreum
- 131. Lowbush Blueberry - Vaccinium pallidum
- 132. Vaccinium venation Vaccinium arboreum Vaccinium stamineum Vaccinium pallidum
- 133. Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family) Euphorbia corollata Acalypha gracilens
- 134. Rushfoil – Crotonopsis elliptica
- 135. Fabaceae (Pea family) Lotus corniculatus Tephrosia virginiana
- 136. Pencil Flower - Stylosanthes biflora
- 137. Caesalpiniaceae (Caesalpinia family) Chamaecrista fasciculata Senna marilandica
- 138. Redbud - Cercis canadensis
- 139. Blackjack Oak - Quercus marilandica Fagaceae (Beech family)
- 140. Post Oak - Quercus stellata
- 141. Rock Chestnut Oak - Quercus prinus
- 142. Gentianaceae (Gentian family) Obolaria virginica Gentiana andrewsii
- 143. Wild Columbo – Frasera caroliniensis
- 144. Hippocastanaceae (Horse Chestnut family) Aesculus paviaAesculus glabra
- 145. Hypericaceae (St. Johnswort family) Hypericum prolificumAscyrum multicaule
- 146. Pineweed - Hypericum gentianoides
- 147. Lamiaceae (Mint family) Bee-balm - Monarda bradburiana & fistulosa
- 148. Pagoda Plant – Blephilia hirsuta
- 149. Wild Oregano (Dittany) – Cunila origanoides
- 150. Skullcaps – Scutellaria sp.
- 151. Blue Curls - Trichostema dichotomum
- 152. Loganiaceae (Logania family) Indian Pink - Spigelia marilandica
- 153. Lythraceae (Loosestrife family) Ammannia coccinea Decodon verticillatus
- 154. Magnoliacaeae (Magnolia family) Magnolia acuminata
- 155. Tulip Tree – Liriodendron tulipifera
- 156. Melastomaceae (Meadow Beauty family) Rhexia virginica
- 157. Malvaceae (Mallow family) Hibiscus lasiocarpos
- 158. Nelumbo lutea Nelumbonaceae (Water Lotus family)
- 159. Onagraceae (Evening-primrose family) Oenothera linifoliaLudwigia alternilfolia
- 160. Oenothera pilosella & O. fruticosa
- 161. Orobanchaceae (Broomrape family) Orobanche unifloraEpifagus virginiana
- 162. Polemoniaceae (Phlox family) Phlox bifida
- 163. Polygonaceae (Smartweed family) Persicaria coccineaPersicaria amphibia
- 164. Virginia Knotweed - Antenoron virginianum
- 165. Portalacaceae (Purslane family) Phemeranthus parviflorus
- 166. Dodecatheon frenchii, Steironema ciliatum, & Hottonia inflata
- 167. Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family) Delphinium tricorne Ranunculus septentrionalis
- 168. Aquilegia canadensis & Thalictrum dioicum
- 169. Goldenseal – Hydrastis canadensis
- 170. Rosaceae (Rose family) Potentilla simplex Rosa setigera
- 171. Carolina Rose - Rosa carolina
- 172. Indian Physic – Porteranthus stipulatus
- 173. Rubiaceae (Madder family) Diodia teresGalium aparine
- 174. Houstonia lanceolata & H. pusilla
- 175. Partridge-berry – Mitchella repens
- 176. Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis
- 177. Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family) Small-flowered Alumroot - Heuchera parviflora
- 178. Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon family) Physostegia virginiana Penstemon pallidus
- 179. Castilleja coccinea & Chelone obliqua
- 180. Mimulus alatus & Veronicastrum virginicum
- 181. Ulmaceae (Elm family) Winged Elm - Ulmus alata
- 182. Urticaceae (Nettle family) Boehmeria cylindrica & Laportea canadensis
- 183. Valerianaceae (Valerian family) Valeriana pauciflora & Valerianella radiata
- 184. Violaceae (Violet family) Viola palmata
- 185. Viola striata & V. pubescens
- 186. Bird’s-foot Violet - Viola pedata
- 187. MONOCOTS
- 188. Agavaceae (Agave family) American Agave - Manfreda virginiana
- 189. Arrowhead - Sagittaria latifolia Alismataceae (Water Plantain family)
- 190. Spider Lily – Hymenocallis caroliniana Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family)
- 191. Araceae (Arum family) Arisaema dracontium & A. triphyllum
- 192. Araceae (Arum family) Symplocarpos foetidus & Peltrandra virginica
- 193. Commelinaceae (Dayflower family) Tradesantia subaspera & Commelina communis
- 194. Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Carex grayi & Carex davisii
- 195. Iridaceae (Iris family) Iris fulva & Iris schrevei
- 196. Blue-eyed Grass – Sisrhynchium albidum
- 197. Juncaceae (Rush family) Luzula multiflora & Juncus balticus
- 198. Sedges Vs. Rushes Vs. Grasses Sedges have edges, rushes are round, grasses have joints when the cops aren’t around!
- 199. Sedges vs. Rushes vs. Grasses Sedges (Cyperaceae) have one bract subtending each flower, tristichous leaves (though some are round) Grasses (Poaceae) have two bracts subtending each flower (palea and lemma), distichous leaves, hollow stem Rushes (Juncaceae) have six petals/sepals (called tepals) that subtend a capsule, leaves reduced or absent, pithy stem
- 200. Sedges vs. Rushes vs. Grasses
- 201. Juncaceae (Rush family) Juncus tenuis
- 202. Liliaceae (Lily family) Erythronium americanum Lilium michiganense
- 203. Alliaceae (Onion family) Wild Leek – Allium tricoccum
- 204. Wild Onion – Allium cernuum
- 205. False Garlic – Nothoscordum bivalve
- 206. Colchicaceae (Colchicicum family) Bellwort – Uvularia grandiflora
- 207. Hyacinthaceae (Hyacinth family) Wild Hyacinth – Camassia scilloides
- 208. Ruscaceae (Ruscus family) Smilacina racemosa Polygonatum biflorum
- 209. Trilliaceae (Trillium family) Trillium flexipes Trillium recurvatum
- 210. Melanthiaceae (Melanthium family) Melanthium virginicum
- 211. Pontederiaceae (Pickerelweed family) Pickerelweed – Pontederia cordata
- 212. Cypripedium pubescens & Calopogon oklahomensis Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
- 213. Spring Coralroot Orchid - Corallorhiza wisteriana
- 214. Crested Coralroot Orchid– Hexalectris spicata
- 215. Cranefly Orchid -Tipularia discolor Adam & Eve Orchid – Aplectrum hyemale
- 216. Galearis spectabilis & Goodyera pubescens
- 217. Twayblade Orchid – Liparis lilifolia
- 218. Platanthera peramoena & P. flava var. flava
- 219. Spiranthes vernalis & S. cernuus
- 220. Orchidaceae (Orchid family) Triphora trianthophora & Isotria verticillata
- 221. Poaceae (Grass family) Large Fruited Panic Grass – Dichanthelium boscii
- 222. Poverty Oats Grass - Danthonia spicata
- 223. Japanese Stiltgrass – Microstegium vimineum
- 224. Smilacaceae (Greenbrier family) Greenbrier – Smilax ecirrhata
- 225. Sparganiaceae (Bur-reed family) Sparganium eurycarpum
- 226. Typhaceae (Cattail family) Typha angustifolia & T. latifolia
- 229. Southern Illinois Natural Areas Field Schedule
- 230. Fern Rocks Nature Preserve
- 231. Camp Ondessonk – Pakentuck
- 232. Camp Ondessonk
- 233. Little Grand Canyon
- 234. Wild Leek – Allium triccocum
- 235. Bishop’s Cap - Mitella diphylla
- 236. Forbe’s Saxifrage – Saxifraga forbesii
- 237. Rothrock Prairie
- 238. Heron Pond Nature Preserve
- 240. Bell Smith Springs
- 241. Piney Creek Ravine Nature Preserve
- 242. Piney Creek Ravine Nature Preserve
- 243. Cave Creek Glade Nature Preserve June 2010
- 244. Full Glorious Bloom!!! Cave Creek Glade Nature Preserve June 2011
- 245. Pale Purple Coneflower - Echinacea simulata
- 246. Blue Sage – Salvia azurea var. grandiflora
- 247. Exams •One 100 point exam each week •25 questions relating to information presented in class (50 pts) •25 plant identification questions (50 pts) – You can use your notes – Scientific names only and must be spelled correctly! •You cannot make up field portion of exam if you miss class, but you may earn up to 50 pts for the written exam.
- 248. Final Exams •300 points exam •50 questions relating to information presented in class (100 pts) •100 plant identification questions (200 pts) – Scientific names only and must be spelled correctly! – You can use your field notebook
- 249. Field Notebook for Each Class •Date •Site •County •Ownership •Natural Division •Natural Community Type(s)
- 250. Field Notebook for Each Plant •Plant name (scientific and common) •Plant family •Synonyms •Meaning of scientific name •Monoecious or dioecious •Imperfect vs. perfect flowers •General group (grass, forb, fern, tree) •Leaf arrangement, type, and margin •Flower color •CC value (native vs. non-native) •Habitat •How to ID (terminology) •Other species in same genus/similar species •Plant humor/folklore/uses/medicinal/edible
- 251. •Quercus alba •White Oak •Fagaceae (Beech family) •None •Quercus = latin for oak, alba = latin for white •Monoecious •Imperfect flowers •Woody plant, tree •Alternate, simple, lobed •Brown •C value = 5, native •Upland forests •White oak group without bristle tips, leaves with rounded lobes and no hairs, light colored bark •Illinois state tree, produces acorns after one year, important oak to Native Americans.