Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv.
synonym | Alopecurus paniceus (L.) L. |
synonym | Chaetochloa ambigua (Guss.) Scribn. & Merr. |
synonym | Chaetochloa brevispica Scribn. & Merr. |
synonym | Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn. |
synonym | Chaetochloa verticillata var. breviseta (Mutel) Farw. |
synonym | Chamaeraphis italica var. ambigua (Guss.) Kuntze |
synonym | Chamaeraphis italica var. aparine (Steud.) Kuntze |
synonym | Chamaeraphis italica var. densa Kuntze |
synonym | Chamaeraphis italica var. rottleri (Spreng.) Kuntze |
synonym | Chamaeraphis italica var. verticillata (L.) Kuntze |
synonym | Chamaeraphis verticillata (L.) Porter |
synonym | Cynosurus paniceus L. |
synonym | Ixophorus verticillatus (L.) Nash |
synonym | Panicum acuminatissimum Nees ex Döll [Invalid] |
synonym | Panicum adhaerens Forssk. |
synonym | Panicum albospiculatum Swallen |
synonym | Panicum ambiguum (Guss.) Hausskn., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Panicum aparine Steud. |
synonym | Panicum apricum Swallen |
synonym | Panicum asperum Lam. |
synonym | Panicum bambusifolium Desv. |
synonym | Panicum decipiens (F.W.Schultz) E.H.L.Krause, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Panicum floribundum Willd. ex Spreng. [Invalid] |
synonym | Panicum floribundum Willd. ex Spreng., pro syn. |
synonym | Panicum italicum Ucria [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Panicum italicum Ucria, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Panicum kleinii Swallen |
synonym | Panicum pompale Swallen |
synonym | Panicum respiciens (A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. |
synonym | Panicum rottleri (Spreng.) Nees [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Panicum rottleri (Spreng.) Nees, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Panicum rude Lam. ex Steud., nom. nud. |
synonym | Panicum rude Nees |
synonym | Panicum secundum Trin. |
synonym | Panicum secundum var. inaequiglume Döll |
synonym | Panicum semitectum Swallen [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Panicum vagum Scop., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum L. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum subsp. aparine (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. ambiguum Guss. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. antrorsum A.Braun |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. aparine (Steud.) Asch. & Schweinf. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. arenosum (Schur) Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. brevisetum Mutel |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. coloratum A.Braun ex Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. parviflorum Döll |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. retrorsum Asch. & Schweinf. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. robustum A.Braun ex Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. seticuliferum Pauquy |
synonym | Panicum verticillatum var. vulgare Döll, nom. inval. |
synonym | Panicum viride Desf. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Panicum viride Desf., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Pennisetum respiciens A.Rich. |
synonym | Pennisetum verticillatum (L.) R.Br. |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens subsp. verticillata (L.) Belo-Corr. |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens var. ambigua (Guss.) Belo-Corr. |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens var. antrorsa (A.Braun) H.Scholz |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens var. font-queri Calduch |
synonym | Setaria adhaerens var. verticillata (L.) Belo-Corr. |
synonym | Setaria ambigua (Guss.) Guss., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Setaria ambigua f. major Bujor. |
synonym | Setaria ambigua f. ramiflora Bujor. |
synonym | Setaria ambigua f. schulteissii A.Zimm. |
synonym | Setaria ambigua var. latifolia Freyn |
synonym | Setaria aparine (Steud.) Chiov. |
synonym | Setaria brevispica (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum. |
synonym | Setaria carnei Hitchc. |
synonym | Setaria conglomerata Fr. ex Schltdl. |
synonym | Setaria decipiens f. latifolia (Freyn) Soó |
synonym | Setaria decipiens f. major (Bujor.) Soó |
synonym | Setaria decipiens f. schultheissii (A.Zimm.) Soó |
synonym | Setaria decipiens F.W.Schultz |
synonym | Setaria decipiens Schimp. ex Morariu, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Setaria decipiens var. schulteissii (A.Zimm.) Morariu |
synonym | Setaria depauperata Phil. |
synonym | Setaria floribunda Spreng. |
synonym | Setaria gussonei Kerguélen |
synonym | Setaria italica var. aparine (Steud.) Kuntze |
synonym | Setaria leiantha f. subhirsuta Hack. |
synonym | Setaria nubica Link |
synonym | Setaria panicea (L.) Schinz & Thell. |
synonym | Setaria panicea subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Setaria pratensis Phil. |
synonym | Setaria pseudoverticillata Schltdl., pro syn. |
synonym | Setaria respiciens (A.Rich.) Walp. |
synonym | Setaria rottleri Spreng. |
synonym | Setaria teysmannii Miq. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata f. ambigua (Guss.) B.Boivin |
synonym | Setaria verticillata f. arenosa (Schur) Morariu |
synonym | Setaria verticillata subsp. adhaerens (Forssk.) Jauzein |
synonym | Setaria verticillata subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Trab. ex Cuénod |
synonym | Setaria verticillata subsp. aparine (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. ambigua (Guss.) Parl. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. aparine (Steud.) Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. arenosa Schur |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. breviseta Godr., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. breviseta Gray |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. congesta F.Gérard |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. font-queri (Calduch) O.Bolòs & Vigo |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. latifolia Freyn |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. longiseta Ducommun |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. pilifera B.de Lesd. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. pubescens Maire & Weiller, nom. inval. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. ramosa N.H.F.Desp. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. respiciens (A.Rich.) A.Braun |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. robusta (A.Braun ex Asch. & Graebn.) Vollm. |
synonym | Setaria verticillata var. verticillata |
synonym | Setaria verticilliformis Dumort. |
synonym | Setaria viridis subsp. ambigua (Guss.) K.Richt. |
synonym | Setaria viridis var. ambigua (Guss.) Coss. & Durieu |
synonym | Setaria viridis var. insularis A.Terracc. |
synonym | Setaria viridis var. insularis N.Terracc. |
synonym | Setariopsis verticillata (L.) Samp. |
Créole Réunion |
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Malgache |
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Setaria verticillata is a grass with linear leaves, which grows in tufts. It measures 30 to 60 cm high but can reach 130 cm. The thatch is glabrous. The leaves are bluish green in color. Only the upper face is finely hairy. The inflorescence is a fake cylindrical terminal spike which grabs. The spikelets are solitary on short branches and are framed by a few long bristles with reflected tines that allow them to easy hang on.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The sheath is highly compressed and perfectly glabrous. The ligule is membrano- ciliated . The lamina is oblique, lanceolate, glabrous, acute at the top.
General habit
Plant tufted, with high tillering and often branched axils. It is 30 to 130 cm high.
Underground system
Fibrous roots.
Culm
Compressed culm, glabrous and geniculate, with dark brown nodes, smooth to finely pubescent.
Leaf
Simple, alternate leaves, with highly compressed sheath, pubescent, with a rounded pronounced keel. The ligule is membrano-ciliated, 1.5 mm high. The lamina is linear to lanceolate, acute apex, erect, flat, with grooved shape midrib. It is 10 to 30 cm long and 6 to 18 mm wide. The margin is scabrous. The upper side is finely pubescent and the underside is glabrous, bluish green in color.
Inflorescence
Inflorescence in panicle contracted in false terminal spike, cylindrical, 2 to 15 cm long and 6 to 15 mm wide and green in color. The rachis is slender, angular and scabrous. The ramifications are very short, with 1-6 solitary staggered spikelets. The spikelets are pedicellate and bear at their base 1 to 3 bristles of 4 to 7 mm long, scabrous and with reflected tines.
Spikelet
The spikelet is ovoid shape, 1.8 to 2 mm long, with 2 flowers with the lower being male or sterile and upper fertile. The lower glume represents ¼ of the spikelet. The upper glume is almost as long as spikelet. The lower lemma is membranous, bicariniate, as long as spikelet. The upper lemma is hard and rough, its edges slightly cover the palea.
Grain
Ovoid grain, 1 to 1.5 mm long. It remains included in the lemma and palea of upper flower.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Algeria: Setaria verticillata germinates in late spring and throughout the summer; flowering takes place from May to October.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Mayotte : Setaria verticillata flowers from November to February and fruits from December to April.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Grass-like leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Ligule type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Life form
Distinctive criteria of different Setaria spp.
Biological cycle | Leaf | Nodes | Ligule | Inflorescence | Pedicel bristle | Spikelet | Spikelet | Species |
annual | very broad blade and wrinkled | light and pilose | short ciliate | panicle of racemes | 1 pubescent | solitary | 2.5-3 mm | Setaria barbata |
annual | narrow and flat | glabrous | ciliate | panicle of racemes | 1-2 | solitary | 1.5-2 mm | Setaria intermedia |
annual | narrow and flat | dark and glabrous | membrano-ciliate | spikelike | 6-8 antrorsely scabrous | solitary | 2.5-3.5 mm | Setaria pumila |
vivacious | narrow rigid flat or involute | light and glabrous | membranose 1 mm | spikelike | 8-12 glabrous gold to purplish | solitary | 1.8-2.3 mm | Setaria parviflora |
annual | narrow and flat | dark and glabrous to pubescent | membrano-ciliate | spikelike | 1-3 retrorsely scabrous | solitary | 1.8-2.4 mm | Setaria verticillata |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Setaria verticillata is a C4 plant.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Setaria verticillata is a fairly common summer species in all summer vegetable crops, citrus groves and along irrigation canals and ruderal habitats (pavements, roadsides, wastelands, rubble, etc.) in the country. A thermophilic, hygrophilic and nitrophilic grass, in C4, its development takes place as long as the soil remains humid. Its presence always indicates an excess of irrigation (permanently soaked soil).
Northern Cameroon: This species is nitrophilous, common and sometimes abundant in zones of accumulation of organic household waste and around the perimeter of the stockyards. It is also a common weed in fields of compartment receiving high organic manure. It grows preferentially in shady areas on deep and well-structured soils.
Comoros: Species rare, limited to dry areas.
Madagascar: Species uncommon, present in dry, hot areas of South and West, in relatively fertile valleys.
Mayotte: Setaria verticillata is a cryptogenic species which grows on the beaches of Papani and Moya. It is also a weed of crops near the coast.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Plant of terrestrial and wetland habitats.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Geographical distibution
Origin
Setaria verticillata is native to the Mediterranean basin, Africa, India, South East Asia and Australia.
Worldwide distribution
Species introduced in all tropical and temperate regions of America.
Algeria: Common species everywhere except in the central Sahara.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Setaria verticillata is a minor "weed". Uncommon and not very abundant, it is generally not a nuisance for the crop. The high availability of mineral nitrogen in the soil at the beginning of the crop cycle favours the growth of this nitophilic species more than the cultivated plant.
Northern Cameroon: Setaria verticillata is a minor weed in dry crops such as cotton, corn, sorghum and groundnuts.
Comoros: Infrequent weed.
Madagascar: occasional weed of dry crops, rarely abundant.
Mauritius: Infrequent weed.
Reunion: It is a common weed in sugar cane fields receiving high organic manure.
Seychelles: Absent.
Sudan: It is a very common weed in cotton crops.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local control
Algeria: Late sowing (false sowing technique) contributes to limit the fouling of the crop by Setaria verticillata.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V. & Herberger J. P., 1977. The World's Worst Weeds : Distribution and Biologie. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 609p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Ivens G. W., 1989. East African Weeds and Their Control. Oxford University Press, Nairobi, Kenya, 289p.
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae.
- Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:421857-1
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V. & Herberger J. P., 1977. The World's Worst Weeds : Distribution and Biologie. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 609p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Ivens G. W., 1989. East African Weeds and Their Control. Oxford University Press, Nairobi, Kenya, 289p.
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae.
- Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:421857-1
AdvenAlg 1.1 : Identification et Connaissance des Principales Adventices d'Algérie Méditerranéenne
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Setaria%2520verticillata
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Setaria |
Species | Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. |