Code
CYNDA
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
vivacious
Habitat
terrestrial
synonym | Agrostis bermudiana Tussac. ex Kunth [Invalid] |
synonym | Agrostis bermudiana Tussac. ex Kunth, pro syn. |
synonym | Agrostis filiformis J.Koenig ex Kunth [Invalid] |
synonym | Agrostis filiformis J.Koenig ex Kunth, pro syn. |
synonym | Agrostis linearis Retz. |
synonym | Agrostis stellata Willd. |
synonym | Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze |
synonym | Capriola dactylon var. maritima (Kunth) Hitchc. |
synonym | Chloris cynodon Trin. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Chloris cynodon Trin., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Chloris maritima Trin. |
synonym | Chloris paytensis Steud. |
synonym | Cynodon affinis Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon aristiglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon aristulatus Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon barberi f. longifolia Join |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon f. glabrescens (Beck) Soó, nom. inval. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon f. major (Beck) Soó |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon f. villosus (Grossh.) Regel ex Roshev. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon f. villosus (Regel) Roshev. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon f. viviparus Beetle |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon septentrionalis Asch. & Graebn. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon subsp. glabratus (Steud.) A.Chev. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon subsp. nipponicus (Ohwi) T.Koyama |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. affinis (Caro & E.A.Sánchez) Romero Zarco |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. aridus J.R.Harlan & de Wet |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. biflorus Merino |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. densus Hurcombe |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. elegans Rendle |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. glabratus (Steud.) Chiov. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Maire |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. longiglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. maritimus (Kunth) Hack. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. nipponicus Ohwi |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. parviglumis (Ohwi) Fosberg & Sachet |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. pilosus Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. polevansii (Stent) J.R. Harlan & de Wet |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. pulchellus Benth. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Parodi |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. septentrionalis (Asch. & Graebn.) Ravarut |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. stellatus (Willd.) T. Durand & Schinz |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Grossh., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Regel |
synonym | Cynodon decipiens Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon distichloides Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon erectus J.Presl |
synonym | Cynodon glabratus Steud. |
synonym | Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez [Invalid] |
synonym | Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez, pro syn. |
synonym | Cynodon hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon iraquensis Caro |
synonym | Cynodon laeviglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon linearis (Retz.) Willd. |
synonym | Cynodon linearis Willd. |
synonym | Cynodon maritimus Kunth |
synonym | Cynodon maritimus var. breviglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon maritimus var. grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon maritimus var. vaginiflorus Caro |
synonym | Cynodon mucronatus Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon nitidus Caro & E.A.Sánchez |
synonym | Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud. [Invalid] |
synonym | Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud., pro syn. |
synonym | Cynodon parviglumis Ohwi |
synonym | Cynodon pascuus Nees |
synonym | Cynodon pedicellatus Caro |
synonym | Cynodon polevansii Stent |
synonym | Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud. [Invalid] |
synonym | Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud., pro syn. |
synonym | Cynodon repens Dulac [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Cynodon repens Dulac, nom. superfl. |
synonym | Cynodon sarmentosus Gray [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Cynodon sarmentosus Gray, nom. superfl. |
synonym | Cynodon scabrifolius Caro |
synonym | Cynodon stellatus (Willd.) Willd. |
synonym | Cynodon stellatus Willd. |
synonym | Cynodon tenuis Trin. |
synonym | Cynodon umbellatus (Lam.) Caro |
synonym | Cynosurus dactylon (L.) Pers. |
synonym | Cynosurus uniflorus Walter |
synonym | Dactilon officinale Vill. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Dactilon officinale Vill., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Dactylus officinalis Asch. [Invalid] |
synonym | Dactylus officinalis Asch., pro syn. |
synonym | Digitaria ambigua (Lapeyr. ex DC.) Mérat |
synonym | Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop. |
synonym | Digitaria glumaepatula (Steud.) Miq. |
synonym | Digitaria glumipatula (Steud.) Miq. |
synonym | Digitaria linearis (L.) Pers. |
synonym | Digitaria linearis (Retz.) Spreng. |
synonym | Digitaria littoralis Salisb. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Digitaria littoralis Salisb., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Digitaria maritima (Kunth) Spreng. |
synonym | Digitaria stolonifera Schrad. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Digitaria stolonifera Schrad., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Fibichia dactylon (L.) Beck |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata f. glabrescens Beck |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata f. major Beck |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata Koeler [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata Koeler, nom. superfl. |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata var. biflora (Merino) Beck |
synonym | Fibichia umbellata var. biflora (Merr.) Beck |
synonym | Milium dactylon (L.) Moench |
synonym | Panicum ambiguum (DC.) Le Turq. |
synonym | Panicum ambiguum Le Turq., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Panicum dactylon L. |
synonym | Panicum glumipatulum Steud. |
synonym | Panicum lineare L. |
synonym | Paspalum ambiguum DC. |
synonym | Paspalum ambiguum DC., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam. |
synonym | Paspalum umbellatum Lam. |
synonym | Phleum dactylon (L.) Georgi |
synonym | Syntherisma linearis (L.) Nash |
synonym | Vilfa linearis (Retz.) P.Beauv. |
synonym | Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P.Beauv. |
Afrikaans |
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Anglais / English |
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Arabic |
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Bengali |
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Comorian |
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Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
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Créole Maurice |
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Créole Réunion |
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Créole Seychelles |
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French |
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Hindi |
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Malgache |
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Other |
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Urdu |
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Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Cynodon dactylon is a C4 species
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Cynodon dactylon is a very common species in all types of annual and perennial crops in the country.
Thermophilous grass affectionate with neutral, fairly rich, dry, lit and very hot sandy to silty-sandy soils of orchards and vineyards.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
C4 plant with high growth rates under non-limiting radiation conditions and low growth under shadow conditions (De Abelleyra et al., 2007; Jones, 1985). It may grow in wide range of climates, from rainy tropics to arid land in irrigated areas (Holm et al. 1977). Common in upland rice, moist but not flooded soils, particularly in areas regularly disturbed. This species is adapted to a wide range of soils with a preference for the sandy, muddy and well drained soils.
Comoros: Cynodon dactylon is a common species in humid, shaded, places of low-altitude up to 500 m. It is common in all parts of Grande Comoros.
Madagascar: ruderal species (of roadsides, near houses ...) very cosmopolitan and widespread weed of crops throughout the island even in the sub arid south. It mainly invades fields located near homes, in fairly moist depressions or temporarily flooded (trays), or on the terraces or colluvium around lowlands, and in the alluvial plains.
Mauritius: Weed with a very wide distribution, it can develop in all environmental conditions.
Reunion: This weed is common across the island, at any altitude. C. dactylon can adapt to very different environments, but it is mostly a grass of dry and sunny environments. It grows on many soils with a preference for sandy soils to sandy loam.
Seychelles: This species occurs at all altitudes, in all agro-climatic conditions and on all types of soil.
West Indies: Cynodon dactylon is an exotic species. It colonises many ecological situations and grows abundantly on wet and temporarily flooded soils.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Toxicity
Cynodon dactylon is a plant with allergenic pollen.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Grass from tropical and warm-temperate areas.
It is a weed of worldwide occurrence.
Attributions | dummy |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Local harmfulness
Algeria: Cynodon dactylon is a major "weed". It is one of the most harmful species of field crops because it can colonize practically all ecological environments (very frequent species), moreover, its great adaptation to the agricultural environment gives it a very important potential of invasion of the plots (very abundant species). Its abundance is higher in mechanized crops than in manual crops, and in gravity irrigation mode than in localized irrigation mode. Suckers and rhizomes combine their effects to ensure the multiplication of the species by maintaining enough reserve material to feed a reinfestation. Frequent suckering, carried out indiscriminately, only makes the situation worse.
Attributions | KAZI TANI Choukry |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Cynodon dactylon can be a serious weed, rapidly invading cultivated land, and it is difficult to eradicate.
Local harmfulness
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Medicinal: In Algeria, the rhizome and runners of Cynodon dactylon are udes as diuretic, sudorific, depurative, refreshing and emollient. Quackgrass tea, to which liquorice is added, was used in febrile states and acute illnesses to quench the thirst of the sick, refresh them and activate urinary functions. Boil 30 g of roots in a sufficient quantity of water; discard this water whose flavor would be pungent and bitter, crush the roots then boil them again in 125 g of water, add at the end of the boiling 8 g of liquorice, remove from the fire, let cool and pass.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Medicinal: Cynodon dactylon is known in Malawi as a remedy for indigestion. The whole plant is used to heal wounds.
Fodder: It is used as pasture grass. In Madagascar, C. dactylon plays a very important role in livestock feed. The strong root system of C. dactylon makes the soil below Cynodon (well developed) generally have a good structure. These soils can be directly farmed without tillage, after herbicide control.
Other: Also plays an important role in conservation, because it prevents soil erosion.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Global control
Mechanical control: Young plants can be destroyed by tillage, but storage organs are difficult to remove. The plants with creeping stolons at the surface of the soil and can be destroyed by a frequent superficial soil tillage, with weed removal to prevent re-rooting. Those who have rhizomes are more difficult to control. Several passages in the dry season can be effective if the rhizomes are brought to the surface, where they dry out. This requires special equipment. In perennial crop like coffee, the numerous passages of tools can damage the roots of culture.
Chemical control: The use of glyphosate in non-cultivated area is effective. Dalapon is effective at a dose of 5 to 10 kg per ha, applied to young plants growing, preferably at the beginning of the rainy season.
For vivacious grass weed control tips of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/33
Local control
Madagascar: In irrigated rice fields, prolonged submersion gradually eliminates it. Mechanical control of C. dactylon is very difficult. It requires a minimum labour till the end of a rainy season (to expose the rhizomes sun during the dry season) and a second plowing early in the rainy season. Couch grass is not sensitive to most pre-emergence or post-emergence herbicides. However, it is very well controlled by glyphosate, which allows to use it as ground cover for direct seeding: from 1800 to 2160 g / ha for total destruction (forest floor), 720-1080 g / ha for temporary control (45 days for a live coverage).
Reunion: see the website of CaroCanne (The online magazine of sugar cane workers in Réunion); cahier technique n°34
Mauritius: see recommendation sheet: Sheet MSIRI Recommendation No. 144 - Chemical Control of Weeds Tough (click here)
West Indies: When stands of Cynodon dactylon become too dense, chemical management is ineffective.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Local control
Algeria: To control Cynodon dactylon, The first measure to be recommended for orchards irrigated with planks (citrus groves in particular), is to change this mode of gravity irrigation by a drip system, which will ipso facto make the presence spots disappear. Above all, it is necessary to avoid disking and milling infested plots and to favour, as soon as the soil is sufficiently dry, several superficial operations with a cultivator, a tine harrow, a vibrating tiller or a perennial weeder, especially in late spring and summer, bringing rhizomes and roots to the surface so that they dry out during the hot and dry months of the year. After this operation, rhizomes and roots should be collected in a pile and burned. In greenhouses, the solarisation technique, although not to be neglected, gives rather poor results.
Active ingredients such as fluazifop-butyl, sulfosulfuron, glyphosate, praquat, etc. control the adults.
Attributions | KAZI TANI Choukry |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Cynodon%2520dactylon
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Cynodon |
Species | Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. |